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The dataset generation failed
Error code: DatasetGenerationError
Exception: ArrowInvalid
Message: JSON parse error: Missing a closing quotation mark in string. in row 55
Traceback: Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 153, in _generate_tables
df = pd.read_json(f, dtype_backend="pyarrow")
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pandas/io/json/_json.py", line 815, in read_json
return json_reader.read()
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pandas/io/json/_json.py", line 1025, in read
obj = self._get_object_parser(self.data)
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pandas/io/json/_json.py", line 1051, in _get_object_parser
obj = FrameParser(json, **kwargs).parse()
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pandas/io/json/_json.py", line 1187, in parse
self._parse()
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pandas/io/json/_json.py", line 1403, in _parse
ujson_loads(json, precise_float=self.precise_float), dtype=None
ValueError: Trailing data
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1997, in _prepare_split_single
for _, table in generator:
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 156, in _generate_tables
raise e
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 130, in _generate_tables
pa_table = paj.read_json(
File "pyarrow/_json.pyx", line 308, in pyarrow._json.read_json
File "pyarrow/error.pxi", line 154, in pyarrow.lib.pyarrow_internal_check_status
File "pyarrow/error.pxi", line 91, in pyarrow.lib.check_status
pyarrow.lib.ArrowInvalid: JSON parse error: Missing a closing quotation mark in string. in row 55
The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 1529, in compute_config_parquet_and_info_response
parquet_operations = convert_to_parquet(builder)
File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 1154, in convert_to_parquet
builder.download_and_prepare(
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1029, in download_and_prepare
self._download_and_prepare(
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1124, in _download_and_prepare
self._prepare_split(split_generator, **prepare_split_kwargs)
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1884, in _prepare_split
for job_id, done, content in self._prepare_split_single(
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 2040, in _prepare_split_single
raise DatasetGenerationError("An error occurred while generating the dataset") from e
datasets.exceptions.DatasetGenerationError: An error occurred while generating the datasetNeed help to make the dataset viewer work? Make sure to review how to configure the dataset viewer, and open a discussion for direct support.
pred_label
string | pred_label_prob
float64 | wiki_prob
float64 | text
string | source
string |
|---|---|---|---|---|
__label__cc
| 0.674969
| 0.325031
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Date and Venues
Brasília - the Host City
About the Organizers and supporters
Useful Information / Accommodation
Thematic Process
Regional Process
Sustainability Focus Group
Citizens Forum
EXPO & FAIR
Why invest in 8th World Water Forum
Citizen Village
2nd Stakeholders Consultation Meeting
FINAL RELEASE - 8th WORLD WATER FORUM
Brazil hosts the largest edition of the World Water Forum and meet its goals
The 8th World Water Forum, held in the city of Brasília, is the largest edition in the history of the event, and was able to meet its main goal, which is to bring water to the top of political and society's agenda.
After seven days, the Forum had already received more than 120.2 thousand people from 172 different countries. Of these, 109.6 thousand visited the Citizen Village and the Fair; and 10.6 thousand were participants in more than 300 thematic sessions at the Ulysses Guimarães Convention Center and visited the Expo.
The opening was attended by 12 heads of State and Government, as well as high-level international authorities, and the event had the participation of representatives of important international bodies such as the United Nations and its agencies, European Union, World Bank, IDB, Portuguese Speaking Countries (CPLP), OECD among others.
The World Water Forum had, in this 8th edition, a major innovation: the participation of the Judiciary, a court level instance that has the final word on disputes involving water resources. The Conference of Judges and Prosecutors was attended by 83 judges, prosecutors, and experts from 57 countries and as a result issued a document, the “Charter of Brasilia”.
The Global Institute of the Public Prosecutors Office, which brings together members of public prosecution offices of the various nations of the world around topics related to the protection of natural resources, and they also drew up the “Declaration of the Public Prosecutor Office on the Right to Water”, which was signed by nine countries.
At the Parliamentary Conference, 134 parliamentarians from 20 nations have produced as the final document: the Parliamentarian Declaration, which recognizes the importance of the efforts of parliamentarians to ensure water security, universal access to drinking water, elimination of inequalities and promotion of sustainable development.
The Ministerial Conference was attended by 56 Ministers and 14 Deputy Ministers from 56 countries and approved the Declaration entitled "Urgent call for decisive action on water," as a result of the discussions between Ministers and heads of delegations from more than 100 countries. The document defines priority actions to meet the challenges related to access to water and sanitation.
Local and regional authorities launched the “Call to Action of Local and Regional Governments on Water and Sanitation of Brasilia.” The conference had the participation of 150 city mayors, governors, and state legislators, which intend to adopt a shared goal for a better and more sustainable future, in which everyone has access to water and sanitation and where water is managed in a way which ensures a healthy and sustainable environment for future generations.
The Regional Process counted with about 330 panelists, rapporteurs and moderators from 101 countries, as well as 6,765 participants. They innovated by providing participants with pre-forum regional reports in English and Portuguese. Additionally, the Regional Coordinators and the Regional Process Commission issued a Declaration addressed to the Forum and the entire society emphasizing the importance of increasing investments in water and sanitation so that the Sustainable Development Goals related to water may be achieved. Check out the highlights of the process in the closing ceremony.
The debates of the Thematic Process took place in 95 sessions, coordinated by 430 organizations. The goals to be taken to Senegal in 2021 and the targets of the 2030 Agenda were discussed regarding the themes Climate, People, Development, Urban, Ecosystems, Finance, Sharing, Capacity and Governance. Among other aspects, water as a human right to life was discussed, as well as investments in technology and water security, adaptation actions to climate change, water use in agriculture, and energy consumption. Check out the highlights of the process in the closing ceremony.
The Citizen’s Forum Process mobilized 10,5 thousand people and 525 institutions from around the world. As a legacy, they drafted the document entitled “10 Principles”, which will be part of the discussions of the Citizen’s Forum going forward. Water aspects related to management, access, quality, shared management, social participation, conservation of ecosystems, among others, were underlined. Check out the highlights of the process in the closing ceremony.
The Sustainability Focus Group brought up debates on the use of techniques, policies and regional articulations focused on rational water use. During the Forum, the Sustainability Declaration was issued with popular participation and makes a call for the mobilization of all parties to ensure a sustainable future for the planet and the commitment to meet the growing challenges of water-related issues. Another document was signed, called the Brazilian Business Commitment for Water Security. The idea is that companies promote good practices for the country’s socio-economic development, widening sustainable actions in their production processes. Check out the highlights of the process in the closing ceremony.
The Expo and the Fair of the 8th World Water Forum featured 87 exhibitors representing different social sectors: national pavilions, public and private companies, as well as civil society organizations and associations.
The 8th Forum also occupied other spaces of the city, with sports and cultural activities on the Margins of Lake Paranoá, with movie screenings at Cine Brasília and activities related to the Sustainable Development Goals in the Planetary.
Water was never discussed to such an extent in the country. During the week of the event, there were nearly 16 thousand mentions to the Forum in the print media and a wide range of radio and TV coverage, taking the subject of water into people's homes.
Educating, raising awareness and entertaining were the main goals of the Citizen Village, an absolute success with the public. The space offered a wide agenda of activities every day, to dozens of schools around the Federal District, in addition to children, young people and families who were delighted with the interactive activities, experiments, virtual reality, workshops and films.
The Citizen Village was also the stage for important discussions about the water crisis, sanitation, and participatory management of water, and opened its arena for the participation of groups of young people, women, indigenous peoples, non-governmental organizations and rural communities.
The 8th World Water Forum also helped promote the local economy. About 2,500 direct jobs and 5.500 indirect were created.
The high engagement of participants and visitors really made the city of Brasilia the water capital of the world during this week. The 8th World Water Forum would like to thank everyone who attended and contributed to the success of this event so that issues relating to water could gain the relevance they deserve in the context of the political and public debate in Brazil and in the world.
The 8th World Water Forum was organized in Brazil by the World Water Council (WWC), by the Brazilian Ministry of the Environment (MMA), represented by Brazil's National Water Agency (ANA), and by the Government of the Federal District, represented by the Regulatory Agency for Water, Energy and Basic Sanitation of the Federal District (Adasa). The Brazilian Association of Infrastructure and Basic Industries (Abdib) is a member of the National Organizing Committee (CON).
The event was sponsored by: Petrobras, Funasa, Caixa, Fundação Banco do Brasil, Eletrobrás, Sabesp, Coca-Cola, AMA (Ambev), BNDES, Binational Itaipu and BRK Ambiental. Banco do Brasil is one of the supporters.
The seven previous editions were held in Marrakesh (Morocco, 1997), The Hague (Netherlands, 2000), Kyoto (Japan, 2003), Mexico City (Mexico, 2006), Istanbul (Turkey, 2009), Marseilles (France, 2012), and Gyeongju and Daegu (South Korea, 2015).
*Updated on April 11, at 8:47 a.m.
Posted on Thursday, March 29, 2018
Realization and Support
GOLD SPONSORSHIP
BRONZE SPONSORSHIP
The World Water Forum is the world’s biggest water-related event and is organized by the World Water Council (WWC), an international organization that brings together all those interested in the theme of water.
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cc/2020-05/en_head_0035.json.gz/line3
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__label__wiki
| 0.78739
| 0.78739
|
Home Influence & Policy CIA nominee says ‘tough lessons’ learned from interrogation
CIA nominee says ‘tough lessons’ learned from interrogation
Gina Haspel testifies at her confirmation hearing before the Senate Intelligence Committee, May 9, 2018. [Photo Credit: AP Photo | J.. Scott Applewhite]
President Donald Trump’s nominee to be the next CIA director said Wednesday the spy agency learned “tough lessons” from its use of harsh detention and interrogation tactics on terror suspects after 9/11 and that if confirmed, she would not permit the CIA to restart such a program.
“CIA has learned some tough lessons, especially when asked to tackle missions that fall outside our expertise,” acting CIA director Gina Haspel told the Senate intelligence committee. “For me, there is no better example of implementing lessons learned than what the agency took away from the detention and interrogation program.”
“It is important to recall the context of those challenging times immediately following 9/11,” she said. “Having served in that tumultuous time, I can offer you my personal commitment, clearly and without reservation, that under my leadership, CIA will not restart such a detention and interrogation program.”
Haspel’s promise could put her at odds with Trump, who spoke during the campaign about toughening the U.S. approach to fighting extremists and vowed to authorize waterboarding and a “hell of a lot worse.”
Before the confirmation hearing got underway, protesters in the room shouted anti-torture slogans. Committee chairman Sen. Richard Burr, R-N.C., said those who disrupt the hearing will be escorted out. He said the hearing is not about the now-defunct CIA interrogation program, but about who should lead the agency in the future as it faces current threats to U.S. national security.
The sound of dozens of clicking cameras greeted Haspel as she entered the room and shook hands with members of the committee. In her opening remarks, she acknowledged that the American public wants to know her views on the CIA’s now-defunct detention and interrogation program.
Haspel said that being in the public spotlight is new for her because she spent more than 30 years “in the shadows” working undercover and acquiring secret information from dead drops and meetings in dusty back alleys of third-world capitals.
She portrayed herself as a “typical middle-class American” with a “strong sense of right and wrong” who just doesn’t happen to have any social media accounts. She said she was born in Kentucky and while her family has deep roots there, she grew up as an Air Force “brat,” following her father to postings all over the world.
Haspel emphasized her experience, saying, “I know CIA like the back of my hand.”
“I joined CIA in 1985 as a case officer in the clandestine service,” she said. “From my first days in training, I had a knack for the nuts and bolts of my profession. I excelled in finding and acquiring secret information.”
Haspel’s fate hinges on how well she fields tough questions from senators who want details of her time running a covert detention site where terror suspects were waterboarded, a tactic that simulates drowning, and seek an explanation for why she wanted videos of the sessions destroyed.
Haspel’s critics outside Congress have stepped up their opposition, arguing that anyone who willingly participated in one of the CIA’s darkest chapters should not head the spy agency. They argue that having Haspel as the face of U.S. intelligence will undercut America’s effort to champion human rights.
Democrats have complained that the CIA has failed to declassify enough information on her career, leaving the public in the dark about the person who might end up leading the CIA.
Sen. Mark Warner of Virginia, the ranking Democrat on the committee, said that Haspel is among the most experienced people to be nominated to serve as CIA director. But, he said, many people, including him, have questions about the message the Senate would send by confirming someone for this position who served as a supervisor in the CIA Counterterrorism Center during the time of the detention and interrogation program.
Sen. Ron Wyden, D-Ore., and three of his Democratic colleagues recently wrote a letter to Dan Coats, the director of national intelligence, asking that his office, which oversees all U.S. intelligence agencies, declassify the documents. He cited a provision of an executive order that prohibits information from being classified “in order to conceal violations of law, inefficiency or administrative error” or “to prevent embarrassment to a person, organization or agency.”
Wyden warned it would set a damaging precedent “if this administration is allowed to get away with what I consider to be a secret confirmation” for the most visible official in U.S. intelligence.
In her defense, Haspel said that in retrospect it is clear, as the Senate committee’s 2014 report on the program concluded, that the “CIA was not prepared to conduct a detention and interrogation program.”
If confirmed, Haspel said she will follow the legal framework the U.S. has since imposed that bans any tactic not spelled out in the Army Field Manual. Under U.S. law, all government employees, including intelligence agents, must abide by Army guidelines for interrogating prisoners — guidelines that don’t permit waterboarding.
Warner said he appreciates that Haspel has acknowledged the history of the program and that she is committed to upholding the law, but “it is not enough.” He said “no one should get credit simply for agreeing to follow the law.”
Haspel didn’t mention the destruction of the tapes in her opening remarks, but last month, the CIA released a memo showing Haspel was cleared of wrongdoing in destroying the tapes.
The memo, written in 2011, summarizes a disciplinary review conducted by then-CIA Deputy Director Mike Morell. He said that while Haspel was one of the two officers “directly involved in the decision to destroy the tapes,” he “found no fault” with what she did.
Haspel said she would put more intelligence officers in the field abroad and says there has been an outpouring of support from young women at the CIA who hope she becomes the first female CIA director.
“It is not my way to trumpet the fact that I am a woman up for the top job, but I would be remiss in not remarking on it — not least because of the outpouring of support from young women at CIA who consider it a good sign for their own prospects,” Haspel said.
Republished with permission from the Associated Press.
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Category: European politics
Posted on 3 June 2018 10 June 2018
Spanish conservative government falls, Italian populist government formed
The December 2015 and June 2016 Spanish elections both produced inconclusive results. Neither the right-wing parties (the Popular Party and the new Citizens’ party) nor the left-wing parties (the Socialists and the new Podemos) won enough lower house seats for a right or left majority. In October 2016, incumbent Popular Party PM Mariano Rajoy won a confidence vote after the Socialists abstained.
On June 1, Rajoy lost a confidence vote by 180 votes to 169, following a corruption scandal that involved members of his party. Socialist leader Pedro Sánchez became the new PM.
However, with only 84 of the 350 lower house seats, the Socialists will find it difficult to legislate. Furthermore, the Popular Party controls the upper house, which is elected by First Past the Post, while the lower house uses rough proportional representation.
The next Spanish election is not due until 2020, but it could be held earlier. The Citizens wanted a snap election, as they hold a lead in current polls.
In Italy, almost three months after the March 4 election, a coalition government was formed between two populist parties: the anti-establishment Five Star Movement and the far-right League. Combined, both parties have majorities in both chambers of the Italian Parliament. Five Star has nearly twice as many seats in both chambers as the League, so they are the senior partner in the coalition.
There was a last-minute hitch when the Italian President refused the nomination of the Finance Minister, as the nominee was Eurosceptic. However, the League and Five Star Movement selected a different nominee who was acceptable to the President.
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cc/2020-05/en_head_0035.json.gz/line7
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| 0.888896
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FAA History: 1975
FAA History (main page)
Friday, January 3, 1975:President Ford signed the Transportation Safety Act of 1974. Title I of this law, the Hazardous Materials Transportation Act, gave the Secretary of Transportation new regulatory and enforcement authority to combat the risks of transporting hazardous materials in commerce (see July 1, 1976). (Title II pertained to railroad safety, and Title III concerned the status of the National Transportation Safety Board: see April 1, 1975). Title I specifically limited radioactive materials that could be shipped on commercial passenger aircraft to those intended for research or medical use. AN FAA rule implemented this provision, effective May 3, 1975.
Effective March 7, meanwhile, FAA prohibited air carriage of hazardous material unless its container had been inspected to determine that, in all outward respects, it complied with packaging and marking requirements. In the case of radioactive materials, FAA also required scanning with a radiation monitoring instrument, after June 30, 1975 (a deadline later extended to January 1, 1976). The rule was based on a proposal published shortly after an incident on April 5-6, 1974, in which improperly shielded radioactive material had exposed airline passengers to unnecessary radiation.
Monday, January 6, 1975:FAA published a new regulation setting maximum noise levels for small propeller-driven aircraft that were newly produced or newly type-certificated. The rule was effective February 7, 1975, and applied to all propeller-driven airplanes under 12,500 pounds, with the exception of those used in agricultural and firefighting operations (which frequently required all available engine power to carry large loads). (See October 26, 1973, and December 23, 1976.)
Tuesday, January 21, 1975:FAA announced that it would study the effects of high-altitude flight on the earth’s atmosphere, building upon DOT’s recently-ended Climatic Impact Assessment Program, which had begun in 1971 in response to concern about environmental consequences of the fleets of supersonic transports then anticipated. FAA’s study, the High Altitude Pollution Program (HAPP), ended in 1982. Its final report, published in January 1984, concluded that the effects of civilian aircraft on ozone depletion and climactic change were not a cause of immediate concern at that time.
Saturday, January 25, 1975:Approaching Washington National Airport, a Beech King Air executive turboprop came in too low and crashed into a broadcasting tower at American University, killing all five aboard. The accident occurred in the wake of the crash of a TWA jetliner on approach to Washington Dulles airport, and it added to mounting criticism of FAA. (See December 1 and 27, 1974.)
Tuesday, January 28, 1975:The Secretary’s Task Force on the FAA Safety Mission convened to examine FAA’s organizational structure, management, and performance on safety issues. Secretary Claude S. Brinegar had appointed this special ten-person panel in response to criticism of FAA on such matters as the crash of TWA Flight 514 and the DC-10 cargo door problem (see December 1 and December 27, 1974). The task force was headed by Lt. Gen. Benjamin O. Davis, Jr., Assistant Secretary of Transportation for Environment, Safety, and Consumer Affairs. (See April 8 and April 30, 1975.)
Wednesday, January 1, 1975:FAA shut down the Fairbanks ARTCC, after 31 years of operation and transferred its functions to the Anchorage ARTCC.
Wednesday, February 19, 1975:FAA announced that it had ordered air taxi operators using business-type jets to equip these aircraft with Cockpit Voice Recorders and Flight Data Recorders by May 15, 1975. (See August 5, 1957, June 26, 1964, and March 25, 1987.)
Thursday, February 27, 1975:The Microwave Landing System (MLS) Executive Committee, a group of experts representing various Federal agencies, chose the time reference scanning beam (TRSB) technique over the Doppler scanning technique as the U.S. candidate for the international standard microwave landing system. The action by the committee ratified a recommendation made in late 1974 by the MLS Central Assessment Group (a recommendation participated in 140 experts assembled by FAA from around the world) and cleared the way for submission of the time reference scanning beam technique to the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) as the U.S. candidate for adoption as the international precision landing system of the future. (See June 7, 1973, and July 22 1975.)
Friday, March 7, 1975:William T. Coleman, Jr., became Secretary of Transportation. An attorney from Philadelphia, Coleman was the second black Cabinet member in American history. On January 14, President Ford had declared his intention to nominate Coleman to replace Claude S. Brinegar, who had announced his resignation on December 18, 1974. Coleman served the remainder of the Ford Administration, resigning effective January 20, 1977.
Tuesday, March 25, 1975:Alexander P. Butterfield announced his resignation as FAA Administrator, effective March 31, after publicized differences with recently departed Secretary of Transportation Claude S. Brinegar and amid sharp criticism of FAA’s recent safety record. President Ford had asked for his resignation in a move some interpreted as retribution for Butterfield’s role in helping uncover the Watergate scandal (see July 16, 1973). Deputy Administrator James E. Dow (see August 9, 1974) became Acting Administrator. (See November 24, 1975.)
Thursday, March 27, 1975:An FAA DC-3 crashed on takeoff from Boise, PA, injuring all 11 persons aboard. In determining the probable cause, the National Transportation Safety Board cited the inexperience of the pilot, who was not qualified for that type of aircraft. The pilot, a Regional Director, received a reprimand and 30-day suspension, and was later transferred to another position.
Tuesday, April 1, 1975:Effective this date, the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) was separated entirely from the Department of Transportation, in accordance with Title III of the Transportation Safety Act of 1974. Previously, NTSB had been an independent agency lodged within the Department for administrative purposes. In enacting Title III, Congress declared that the NTSB could not properly conduct its responsibility of determining the probable cause of transportation accidents without total separation and independence. (See October 15, 1966.)
Friday, April 4, 1975:A regulation governing the installation and safe operation of X-ray devices for screening carry-on luggage at airports became effective this date. The rule had been proposed on June 21, 1974, after a U.S. District Court judge declared that FAA acted illegally by allowing the X-ray machines to be installed without certifying as to their safety. The new regulation required testing to ensure that the devices complied fully with radiation level standards set by the Food and Drug Administration, and also provided for the training and protection of operators of this equipment.
Tuesday, April 8, 1975:Acting Administrator James E. Dow announced the establishment of the Aviation Safety Reporting Program (ASRP), designed to provide the agency with information on potentially unsafe conditions in the National Airspace System, effective May 1, 1975. To encourage the reporting of violations, the program granted immunity from disciplinary action to pilots or controllers who filed a timely report. No immunity was granted, however, in the case of “reckless operations, criminal offenses, gross negligence, willful misconduct, and accidents.” FAA remained free to take corrective or remedial action necessary for air safety.
Although such immunity programs had been instituted before (see January 1, 1968), the ASRP was the first not limited to reports of near midair collisions. The program’s establishment anticipated one of the recommendations being prepared by the Secretary’s Task Force on the FAA Safety Mission (see January 28, 1975), of which Dow served as Executive Secretary. The Air Line Pilots Association, skeptical of the ASRP, preferred a system in which a third party would process reports and protect their confidentiality. (See August 15, 1975.)
Monday, April 14, 1975:FAA eliminated the proposed requirement for altitude reporting transponders (Mode C) on all aircraft operating in Group II Terminal Control Areas (TCAs) 45 days before it was to go into effect (see June 8, 1973 and January 29, 1987). However, FAA still required aircraft operating to and from primary and secondary airports within the twelve Group II TCAs to carry a transponder capable of providing discrete identity information to air traffic controllers. In addition, the agency required aircraft to obtain authorization prior to entering the Group II TCAs, and to maintain two-way radio communications with controllers. The requirement for altitude reporting equipment had been strongly opposed by general aviation operators and by such general aviation organizations as the Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association. (See January 1, 1974, and August 1, 1975.)
Wednesday, April 30, 1975:The Secretary’s Task Force on the FAA Safety Mission (see January 28, 1975) submitted its report. The Task Force commended FAA for having reestablished a no-fault aviation safety reporting program (see April 8, 1975), and made recommendations including:
That FAA should continue to rely on industry for safety compliance inspections required in the certification process, but should strengthen its technical staff and improve its ability to monitor the performance of those delegated safety responsibilities. In addition, FAA should insist on more comprehensive design reviews in major aircraft and engine certification.
That FAA should conduct audits in cooperation with the National Transportation Safety Board to ensure that problems cited by NTSB were worked out satisfactorily.
That FAA’s rulemaking process, judged too slow, should be expedited by means of a priority system; the agency should also improve the clarity of the rules themselves and speed up their legal review.
That FAA should take steps, including use of flight data monitoring systems, to improve aircrew performance.
That air traffic controllers should give more attention to preventing collision with the ground, and that a standing group of FAA and aviation community representatives should review air traffic control procedures with the aim of increasing clarity and standardization.
That FAA should continue as part of the Department of Transportation, but should not be subject to undue supervision by the Office of the Secretary.
That an intensive review should be made of the FAA headquarters organization with the object of reducing the number of elements reporting to the Administrator. The task force recommended also that (1) a similar study be made of the FAA regional organization, with a view to consolidating regional functions and reducing the regions in number, and (2) that regional Engineering and Manufacturing (E & M) personnel engaged in aircraft certification be transferred from the regions to one or more E & M technical field centers that would report to FAA Headquarters at a level just below the Administrator.
That FAA should strengthen its long-range research and development activity and establish one or more technical advisory committees.
Wednesday, May 7, 1975:FAA and PATCO reached agreement on a two-year contract (signed and effective July 8). The contract’s 74 articles included a guarantee of controller inclusion in the Aviation Safety Reporting Program (see April 8, 1975) and affected such matters as an expansion of familiarization flight privileges (see August 14, 1974), working conditions, and career enhancement. (See March 17, 1973, and July 28-31, 1976.)
Friday, May 9, 1975:FAA announced the beginning of a new airspace program to better delineate areas of military training activities. As of July 1, when requested by the military, the FAA began establishing Military Operations Areas (MOAs) for conducting such military flight activities such as familiarization training, intercept practice, and air combat maneuvers. FAA Flight Service Stations in the vicinity would inform visual flight rules (VFR) pilots when a given MOA was to be used for military purposes and how to traverse or circumnavigate it safely. Properly instructed VFR aircraft operated within an active MOA without special restrictions, while instrument flight rules (IFR) aircraft were afforded appropriate separation service. By the end of fiscal 1987, 354 MOAs were in existence.
Thursday, May 29, 1975:Secretary of Transportation William T. Coleman, Jr., announced that FAA’s National Aeronautical Facilities Experimental Center (NAFEC) would remain at Atlantic City, N.J. On January 15, 1974, a study team had recommended that NAFEC be combined with the Aeronautical Center at Oklahoma City. (See May 29, 1980.)
Spring 1975:U.S. air carriers conducted extensive civil aviation operations in Southeast Asia as the United States wound down its Indochinese commitment with a final spurt of activity. Requiring close cooperation between FAA, the State Department, and the Department of Defense, the operations ranged from airlifting rice and munitions into Phnom Penh, Cambodia, to the climactic evacuation of U.S. civilians from Saigon, Vietnam, in late April.
Sunday, June 1, 1975:FAA received the first of the new ASR-8 airport surveillance radars. Features of the ASR-8 included a dual beam for expanded low-level coverage and a klystron transmitter tube that increased power output. (See August 25, 1960 and September 30, 1983.)
Tuesday, June 24, 1975:An Eastern Air Lines 727 crashed into approach lights while attempting to land during a thunderstorm at New York’s Kennedy airport, causing fatal injuries to 113 of the 124 persons aboard. The National Transportation Safety Board’s report stated that the crew probably relied too much on visual clues rather than instruments in assessing their altitude, but adverse winds may have been too strong for a successful approach even if they had avoided this error. The Board criticized air traffic control personnel for continued use of the runway after reports of wind shear from several incoming pilots.
Wind shear, a sudden change in wind speed and/or direction, may be produced by thunderstorms or even cloud formations that appear harmless. Large gust fronts can last for more than an hour and extend for several miles. In studying the Kennedy crash, however, the University of Chicago’s Dr. Theodore Fujita concluded that several separate cells of intense downdrafts had occurred in the vicinity of the 727’s approach path. He termed such phenomena “downbursts,” and later coined the term “microburst” to describe a small downburst (see May 15-August 13, 1982).
The Kennedy accident spurred FAA’s efforts to develop wind shear detection equipment for use both in the cockpit and on the ground, as well as improved methods for pilots to cope with the hazard. The agency tested measuring devices, and in November 1976 began a six-month test of forecasting techniques in cooperation with the National Weather Service. In 1977, FAA began operational testing of a ground-based wind shear detection system called the Surface Wind Monitoring System (SWIMS), later renamed the Low Level Wind Shear Alert System (see September 1978).
Monday, June 30, 1975:The original five-year funding authority of the Airport and Airway Development Act of 1970 lapsed (see May 21, 1970). The Subcommittee on Aviation of the House Committee on Public Works and Transportation had opened hearings in March 1975 on extending the act’s funding authority, but did not report out a bill before the funding cutoff. A proposal by the Senate seeking a 90-day delay of the cutoff failed. (See July 12, 1976)
Tuesday, July 22, 1975:FAA announced that it had awarded contracts to the Bendix Corp. and Texas Instruments to build, test, and evaluate prototypes of the new microwave landing system (MLS) under Phase III of the MLS development program. Each contractor was to build two models of the system–the small community airport configuration and the basic configuration—using a time reference scanning beam signal format. (See February 27, 1975, and June 1976.)
Friday, August 1, 1975:The establishment of a Group II Terminal Control Area (TCA) at the new Kansas City International Airport completed the creation of 12 airport areas in this category. FAA defined each TCA after consultation with airport users. General aviation operators, in particular, registered many objections to proposed TCA rules and limits. Since the original concept in 1970, FAA reduced the number of Group II TCAs from 14 to 12. The locations were: St. Louis, Seattle, Minneapolis, Houston, Denver, Cleveland, Detroit, Pittsburgh, and Las Vegas; and Philadelphia, New Orleans, and Kansas City. (See April 14, 1975, and May 15, 1980.)
Wednesday, August 13, 1975:FAA completed its longstanding program to implement the ARTS III automated radar terminal system at the nation’s busiest terminals on this date with the commissioning at the Dallas-Fort Worth Regional Airport. All 61 ARTS III systems were now operational in the contiguous states, as well as one in Hawaii and one in Puerto Rico. The basic ARTS III contract had been signed in February 1969, and the first ARTS III procured under it became operational at Chicago O’Hare airport (see February 15, 1973). The sixty-second ARTS III, which went into operation in July 1975 at Atlanta Hartsfield airport, replaced an ARTS I–the prototype ARTS–which had been in operation there since 1965. (See August 10, 1976.)
Friday, August 15, 1975:FAA and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) signed an agreement under which NASA would operate a third-party reporting system guaranteeing anonymity to persons providing information about safety hazards and incidents (see April 8, 1975). This system was designed to overcome fears that FAA’s Aviation Safety Reporting Program would not provide genuine immunity. NASA agreed to: receive and process reports; delete information that would reveal the identity of the informants; analyze and interpret the data; and provide the results to FAA and the aviation community. Information concerning criminal offenses, however, would be referred directly to FAA and the Justice Department. The system was to become operational by April 15, 1976 (see that date.)
Monday, August 25, 1975:In Senate testimony, Lockheed’s chairman stated that his company paid “kickbacks” to officials of foreign governments to encourage purchase of L-1011 aircraft, an admission that was followed by a series of revelations about the questionable overseas sales practices of Lockheed, Boeing, and McDonnell Douglas.
Tuesday, August 26, 1975:The commissioning of the computerized radar data processing system (RDP) at the Miami Air Route Traffic Control Center marked the end of the final phase of the completion of NAS En Route Stage A, FAA’s program of automating and computerizing the nation’s en route air traffic control system, an effort covering more than a decade (see February 13, 1973). Miami was the last of the 20 ARTCCs to receive RDP capability.
The RDP system consisted of three key elements: radar digitizers located at long-range radar sites that converted raw radar data and aircraft transponder beacon signals into computer-readable signals transmitted to the centers’ computers; computer complexes in each center able to relay this information to the controllers’ screens; and new screens that displayed the information to the controllers in alphanumeric characters.
Tuesday, September 2, 1975:FAA released an analysis of Federal grants issued in the first five years of the Airport and Airway Development Act of 1970 (see May 21, 1970). For the period, $37.5 million had been obligated under the Planning Grant Program (PGP) and $1.3 billion under the Airport Development Aid Program (ADAP). (This was a vast increase compared to the $1.2 billion disbursed during the entire 24-year history of the earlier Federal-aid airport program: see May 13, 1946). A total of 1,059 planning grants had been approved during the five-year period. Authorized funding for ADAP–initially $280 million annually and increased to $310 million in 1973 (see June 18, 1973)–had made it possible for FAA to approve aid for 2,434 development projects. With the help of these funds, 85 new airports were built and more than 1,000 received improvements that included: 178 new runways; 520 new taxiways; 201 runway extensions; 28 instrument landing systems, 141 runway end identifying lighting systems (REILS), 471 visual approach slope indicators (VASIs); security fencing; and equipment for crash, firefighting, and rescue.
Saturday, November 1, 1975:New procedures went into effect requiring air traffic controllers to provide an extra mile of separation between small aircraft landing behind large and heavy aircraft capable of generating hazardous wake turbulence (see March 1, 1970). Reflecting the findings of two special studies, the new procedures required that small aircraft be separated by 4 miles when landing behind large aircraft and by 6 miles when landing behind heavy aircraft. The “small” aircraft category (12,500 lbs. or less) included most of the country’s air taxis and general aviation aircraft. The “large” category (12,500-300,000 lbs.) included certain business aircraft such as the Sabreliner and Jetstar, the smaller DC-8s and Boeing 707s, and the Boeing 727 and 737. (The Boeing 757 also joined the “large” category after its certification in 1982.) The “heavy” category (300,000 lbs. or more) included the C-5A, DC-10, L-1011, Boeing 747, and the larger versions of the DC-8 and 707. (See Spring 1976 and December 19, 1992.)
Monday, November 24, 1975:Dr. John L. McLucas became the sixth FAA Administrator, succeeding Alexander P. Butterfield (see March 14, 1973). The President had persuaded McLucas to give up his portfolio as Secretary of the Air Force in favor of the FAA post. McLucas had been nominated by Ford on October 20 and confirmed by the Senate on November 13.
Born in Fayetteville, N.C., in 1920, McLucas held degrees from Davidson College and Tulane University. After serving as a Navy radar officer during World War II, he earned a doctorate in physics with a minor in electrical engineering at Pennsylvania State University in 1950. McLucas authored numerous scientific articles and held ten patents. He became vice president and later president of a private electronics firm, then joined the Defense Department in 1962 as Deputy Director of Defense Research and Engineering. Two years later, he became Assistant Secretary General for Scientific Affairs at NATO headquarters. In 1966, McLucas became president and chief executive officer of the MITRE Corporation, a nonprofit research organization established at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology to work on technical problems for the government. He became Under Secretary of the Air Force in 1969, and was promoted to Secretary in 1973. McLucas served as FAA Administrator for 16 months, including the remainder of the Ford Administration and two months under President Jimmy Carter. (See April 1, 1977.)
Friday, December 26, 1975:The Soviet Union inaugurated the world’s first regular supersonic airline service, with the departure of a Tupolev-144 from Moscow for Alma-Ata in the Kazakh Republic. The plane carried only mail and cargo over the 2,500-mile route. (See January 21, 1976).
Monday, December 29, 1975:A high-intensity bomb exploded in a coin-operated locker at New York’s La Guardia Airport, killing 11, injuring 54, and doing extensive damage to the main terminal building. The incident, provoking national concern and leading to the creation of a special government-industry task force, caused FAA to issue a rule (effective April 15, 1976) requiring that checked baggage be screened for inspection under a “profile” system. FAA also accelerated efforts to develop automatic equipment capable of detecting explosives in lockers and cargo holds (see September 1985). In the meantime, the agency stepped up its Explosive Detection K-9 Dog Handler Team program begun in 1972 (see November 29, 1977). Following the La Guardia bombing, lockers at nearly all U.S. airports were placed in areas where they could be under surveillance.
Primary Sources:
Dated items along the left margin of the FAA History Pages were compiled from the series of FAA’s ‘Historical Chronology’ PDF files. For a list and links to uploaded copies of these PDF files, see aiReform’s ‘FAA History’ main page (link above).
Additional content has been compiled from Wikipedia and other sources; these items are presented along the right margin, and include significant accidents, Whistleblower case actions, various news items, ATC technology developments, links to related material, comments, etc. Further content will be added at a later date.
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Another year has ended. It's been a good year of reading for me. I read many, many good books! I read 60 books, with 5 of those being non-fiction. As I count down to my top book read in 2019, first I will list the books that I read that I rated as either very good, great, or excellent:
The Clock Dance-AnneTyler
sweet water-Christina Baker Kline
The Girls-Lori Lanson?: great
Where The Crawdads Sing-Delia Owens
Ginny Moon-Benjamin Ludwig
The Glass Room-Simon Mawer
The Cloister-James Carroll
Varina-Charles Frazier
The Golden Hour-t. greenwood
Cemetery Road-Greg Iles
The Thornbirds-Colleen McCullough
Idaho-Emily Ruskovich
Breaking Water-t. greenwood
Bodies of Water-t.greenwood
The Story of Forgetting-Stefan Merrill Block
The Clockmaker’s Daughter-Kate Morton
Before We Were Yours-Lisa Wingate
The Nickel Boys-Colson Whitehead
The Historian-Elizabeth Kostova
This Tender Land-William Kent Krueger
The World That We Knew-Ann Hoffman
Olive, Again-Elizabeth Strout
The Testaments-Margaret Atwood
The Boys in the Boat-Daniel James Brown
The Boy, the Mole, the Fox and the Horse-Charles Mackesy
So, 25 out of 60 were very highly rated by me.
Here's my top 10:
And now, my top 5:
My top 3 are easy:
Now, the going gets really tough. I loved these 3 books. It's very hard to choose. But, oddly enough, for my top favorite book of the year I am going to choose:
The Story of Forgetting by Stefan Merrill Block. It is a book that I cannot get out of my mind. It was published in 2009, ten years ago! I have read it twice and still want to read it again. Powerful book!
My goal for 2020? I think that I want to be able to read 60 books again! Or more. So off I go to read!
2 more for December
I read The Boy, the Mole, the Fox and the Horse by Charles Mackesy shortly before Christmas, and loved it so much that I gave it for gifts! It's a short, easy to read book with incredibly beautiful illustrations. The narrative reminded me of Winnie the Pooh and his friends, passing on simple, important lessons.
Today I finished Furious Hours: Murder, Fraud and The Last Trial of Harper Lee by Casey Cep. It has taken me forever to complete reading this, primarily because I didn't feel any interest in the book. First of all, Harper Lee was not on trial. According to this book, Harper Lee intended to write a book titled The Reverend about the true case of murder and fraud committed by a Reverend Maxwell. She did a great deal of research on the case, but never published anything related to it. It took the author 276 pages to tell that story. The author did talk to a number of people who interacted with Ms. Lee and that part was interesting to me. But all in all, I was quite disappointed with this book.
December reading
I read two books in December. That doesn't seem like much for me. I guess that I was busier than I thought! Plus both books were ones that had to be read quite purposely/slowly.
The first book I read in December was The Boys in the Boat by Daniel James Brown. Yes, I know, I was slow to come to this book. First of all, it is non-fiction and secondly, it is about rowing. Neither of which I really care about. However, thanks to one of my book groups, this book was chosen! I found the story to be a very interesting one. It is about the Rowing team from the University of Washington who made it to the Olympics in Germany in 1936. It is based on the life of Joe Rantz, one of the nine rowers. The loyalty, compassion, and trust the team had in each other led them to the Olympics. I wish that the book had covered more of when they were actually in Germany, rather than (what seemed to me) the focus on the day-to-day rowing events. It is truly an inspiring story of what these working-class guys in the Depression were able to do with their lives.
The second book I read in December was Inland by T'ea Obreht. I initially had some difficulty figuring out the story, but it was good enough to persevere and I caught on and read on! The book is really two stories that intertwine together over one day.
One morning, in the Arizona Territories in 1893, Nora's youngest son Toby (age seven) came running from the creek to tell her that he saw tracks of "the beast". The family had concerns about Toby's obsession about this beast that he would report seeing. meanwhile, Nora's husband and two older sons had left the homestead. Her husband Emmett had left sometime before to find water and as time went by, the two older sons left to try to find their father.
Meanwhile, one of the survivors of the Camel Corps was telling his story of how he had gotten involved with camels and how the Camel Corp had been organized to help clear the West of Indians. This is based on an actual true story! Because the camels could survive so long without water, it was determined that they would be much more useful than horses or mules as the military headed further west.
There are a host of characters who play notably in the stories. There is a bit of mysticism in the stories. It is hard to describe all that went on! This is a book that I will return to read again.
Posted by Sue F. at 12:49 PM No comments:
Catching Up Again
I finished four books in November and didn't get around to blogging, so I'm doing them all here. In my defense, November was a very busy month for me!
1) Chances Are by Richard Russo. I had never read anything by Mr. Russo and I really enjoyed this book. It was a book club choice and I'm glad it was! It is about three college friends who meet up on Martha's Vineyard forty-four years after graduating from the same college. In 1971, the three men were at the same place on Martha's Vineyard with their friend Jacy. Jacy disappeared that weekend and no one had ever heard from her since then. Each of the boys had been in love with Jacy while in college. So on this weekend in 2015, three very different men got together and shared where their lives had taken them, and, again, discussed what could have happened to Jacy. It's a good mystery with a satisfying ending.
2) The Little Shop of Found Things by Paula Brackston. I picked this up because reading the summary on the back made me think of the Outlander series. And that this book is the first of a series. Xanthe was a young woman who decided to move from London with her recently divorced mother to a small town in England. Her mother was an antique collector and wanted to open a shop in the town (Marlborough) that they moved to. Xanthe had a gift of touching some antiques and sensing their past stories. When she becomes enchanted with a silver chatelaine ("a decorative belt hook or clasp worn at the waist with a series of chains suspended from it"...if you want to know more, google it!). Predictably, Xanthe is went back to the 1600's while she was examining the chatelaine. An, of course, there is a love interest that develops while she is there. It was a sweet story, but I doubt that I will go on with it.
3) Girl in the Blue Coat by Monica Hesse. This was another book on sale at Barnes and Noble for $5. I knew that it was a Young Adult book, but was intrigued with the description of the story so I got the book. The book takes place in Amsterdam in 1943. Hanneke, a young Jewish girl, finds and buys blackmarket goods that her clients request. One day, a client asked her help to find a young Jewish girl that she had taken in, but had vanished. Hanneke does her research and begins the search for the girl in the blue coat. The story was well-written and, obviously, easy to read. I'm glad that I read it.
4) And last, but not least, I spent my Thanksgiving in Mexico finishing the last of the Outlander series-Written in my Own Heart's Blood by Diana Gabaldon. I started this book last March and just had trouble finishing it. It is a really good read, and I finally figured out that I didn't want it to end! But I finished it and it had a great ending! I understand that volume nine is being written and I already can't wait to read it!
The Testaments by Margaret Atwood is the sequel to The Handmaid's Tale. The book is great. It, too, will probably be in my top three for 2019 (along with Olive, Again).
The Testaments takes place fifteen years after The Handmaid's Tale. The story is told in chapters that vary from being written by Aunt Lydia and testaments written by two women, one from Gilead and one from Canada. Aunt Lydia's chapters tell the story of her life and her accumulation of power in Gilead. (You will be surprised to hear of her life before Gilead!)
The book is almost like a spy novel in that someone was a mole in Gilead. And the order in Gilead began breaking apart.
It's a rather big book, but I read it in just over two days. It's that fascinating! I would certainly recommend that one read the Handmaid's Tale first (it's a great read, too).
Olive, Again
Let me just say this right now....this book will be in my top three for the year 2019! Do you remember Olive Kitteridge by Elizabeth Strout? Well, Olive is back again, older, wiser and still a bit cranky.
Olive, Again is told the same way that the first book was written-as short stories featuring Olive's life in her 80's. She goes through her time getting involved, whether she likes it or not, with other people in the small town of Crosby, Maine.
It's a great book that really touches on love and aging. I don't want to tell anything more about the book, other than it is beautifully written and one that I carried in my thoughts for days.
Two okay books
These two books below are ones that I read in October. One I liked, the other I didn't.
1) A Life Without Water by Marci Bolden. This was a book group choice and has had mixed responses from the members. Carol and John had divorced twenty years ago, after Carol fled town. She moved away and began a new life.
One day John unexpectedly showed up at Carol's office wanting to see their daughter for her thirtieth birthday. Turned out that John was dying and had both amends and promises that he wanted to work on, and Carol was a central part of what he needed to do. Against her better judgment, she and John took off on a journey long overdue.
I found some of the story rather unbelievable and thought that the writing was more of a young adult style. It's not a book I will be keeping.
2) The Child by Fiona Barton. This book was better than the one above, but not good enough for me to keep. It is a mystery that kept me interested.
The author brought back her character journalist Kate Waters in the story. Kate came across a short blurb in a newspaper that was about a construction site where bones of a baby were discovered. The short piece caught Kate's attention and she began to investigate the story. It eventually led her to two other women one of whom had had a baby kidnapped from the hospital right after birth. Kate had to search out people that had lived at a certain housing area in the 1980's to begin to piece the whole story together. It's quite a good mystery!
The Impossible Lives of Greta Wells
The Impossible Lives of Greta Wells by Andrew Sean Greer slipped through my radar when it came out. I had meant to read it, but then forgot. My daughter read it recently and recommended it to me, so I jumped at it.
The story is told in three parts: October to November, November to December, and December to End. Each chapter is about one of three years: 1918, 1945, or 1985.
The story begins in 1985 with:
"The impossible happens once to each of us."
Greta Wells was living in Patchin Place in New York City. Greta was out walking with her twin brother, Felix when they walked passed a hair salon.
In the window, a sign: CLOSED FOR BUSINESS. My brother stood for a minute while Lady (a dog) considered the tree. Felix simply said 'Gone home.'
That was the phrase: journal of a plague year."
Later that year, Greta's twin brother, Felix, died of AIDS. She had been living with a doctor, Nathan, for the past ten years. And then he left her.for someone else. Greta was inconsolable following these two losses and finally went to a psychiatrist, Dr. Cerletti. Her aunt Ruth was with her constantly trying to help her.
Finally the doctor decided that Greta needed electroshock therapy. He recommended twenty-five sessions, with two sessions per week. And after the first session, Greta found herself living in the same day as present only in a different room, still in Patchin Place, but in 1918. All the same people were there in her life., but Nathan was away at war, Felix was marrying a Senator's daughter, and Ruth remained the same. Dr. Cerletti came for Greta's next session. And she woke in 1945. The next session she woke in 1985. And so on.
The book made me think of reincarnation. Greta was living an actual life in each of these years as herself. In the end, she had to choose which year she wanted to remain in.
I loved the writing in this book. It was sometimes hard to keep straight what year was happening, but that may just be me. The author's writing was beautiful.
"Is it better to hear of death or witness it? For I had suffered both and could not tell you. To have a person vanish in your arms is too real for life, a blow to the bones, but to hear of it is to be utterly blind; reaching, stumbling about, hoping to touch the truth. Impossible, unbearable, what life has planned for each of us."
The Reckoning
I found The Reckoning by John Grisham at the used book store. I hadn't read any Grisham for a very long time, so decided to try it. I was disappointed. Although the main story of the book was good, I thought the whole middle of the book was mostly word-fill. That may be unjust, but I just didn't find telling so much of it was necessary.
One morning in 1946, Pete Banning woke and convinced himself that it was the day of reckoning, the day when he needed to go kill a local pastor. Pete was a WWII vet who had fought in the Philippines and had been declared missing, then dead. But he had survived and came back home to Mississippi and his family and cotton farm. Shortly before the killing, he had committed his wife to a mental health facility. After the killing, Pete would only say "I have nothing to say.". He refused to help with his defense. He wouldn't allow his two children to come and see him. He was sent to prison.
About 100 pages in the middle of the book are spent on recounting Pete's time in the Philippines. I didn't find all that filling was needed for the story, and it bogged me down reading it.
By the end of the book, Pete's son was in law school when he decided to learn as much as he could about why his father had killed the pastor. And finally, after much searching, answers were found. It's a rather unsettling ending, both for the characters in the book and for the reader.
So, all in all, I liked the book, but it's not a keeper for me.
The Nickel Boys by Colson Whitehead is a short, but powerful book. I really liked Whitehead's novel, The Underground Railroad, and The Nickel Boys did not disappoint me.
The story is based on a real place that ran as a reform school for boys for 111 years in Florida. Elwood was a young boy who had been inspired by the words of Martin Luther King Junior and was optimistic for his future as a young black man. He was a high school senior, taking a college class after school, when he hitched a ride with someone that he didn't know who stopped and picked him up. Unfortunately, the car had been stolen and they were picked up by the police. Elwood was sent to the Nickel Academy. It was a segregated school and black boys were not treated well, to put it mildly. It was the deep South and Jim Crow was alive and thriving down there. Elwood was determined to get out of Nickel Academy as soon as possible by keeping his head down and doing his work better than others.
Elwood endured all that was involved with being at Nickel Academy...beatings, going without food, solitary, etc.. ,and felt lucky that he survived and didn't end up dead like many others who just disappeared in the night. Along his way, he made friends with some of the other boys there, especially one, Turner. It ended up that Turner kept Elwood's spirit alive.
This is a horrifying and disturbing book that is written beautifully. Colson Whitehead is truly a writer to be known for years to come.
Before We Were Yours by Lisa Wingate was a book club reading choice. And it was a really good pick!
Avery Stafford was the descendent of two prominent Southern families. She was called home when her fifty-seven year old father became weaker and sicker with his cancer. Her father was a Senator and he expected Avery to take his place and serve, as all his family had. Avery had graduated from law school and she wanted to be practising law. When Avery went with her family to a local nursing home for a celebration/political meet and greet, she was approached by an elderly woman asking if she was "Fern". A nurse came to get the woman and called her "May".
May had mistaken Avery for May's sister. May was taken back to her room, where she began reminiscing about her childhood. She had lived on the river, with her parents, and siblings. Her mother went into labor and had to be taken to the hospital. And May's life changed forever more.
Each chapter of this book is narrated by one of the two main characters of the book: Avery and May/Rill. It is based on the true story of the Tennessee Children's Home Society. It's a riveting story, I thought, and made for great book group discussion.
The Last Ballad and Faithful
Two more books I have read so far this summer:
1) The Last Ballad by Wiley Cash-I had read another of Wiley Cash's books and liked it, so I was interested in reading this one when I saw it. It was a good read, telling the story of women and men working in a mill in North Carolina in 1929. Ella May Wiggins had four children and her husband had run off from her. She worked twelve hours a day in the mill and made $9.00 a week. Union organizers came to town, and Ella went to their rally just out of curiosity. She decided to join the movement.
The novel is based on a true story about Ella May Wiggins. It's very interesting and tragic. Real life long ago? Sometimes I wonder. Good book!
2) Faithful by Alice Hoffman-yes, one of my favorite authors (I seem to have many). Faithful is a story about Shelby Richmond who as a teenager was involved in a horrific accident and was left to live with the consequences. She received an anonymous postcard reading just "Say something", with a drawing of Shelby's house on the front of it. Over the next few years, she would receive more of the postcards. As soon as she could, Shelby moved to New York to start her life over. She began working at a pet shop, met Marvelle, a single mother with three children, and eventually with help from others, Shelby finds herself. It's a beautiful book of surviving and forgiving. Another winner for Alice Hoffman!
Book Group Reads: My Ex-Life and The Clockmaker's Daughter
As usual, I am a bit behind in my blogging. It's hard work being retired...so much to do! These two books were from each of my book groups:
My Ex-Life by Stephen McCauley was a quick, fun read. It's a story about David and Julie, who were married to each other a lifetime ago. David was living in San Francisco, in a bit of a bad place...his lover had left him, and he was going to have to leave his beautiful home. Julie was going through a divorce with her second husband, Henry. She and Henry owned a old Victorian home near Boston that Henry wanted to sell. Julie wanted to use it and continue to run an Airbnb there, but she didn't have the money to buy Henry out. Beside that issue, Julie and Henry's daughter, Mandy, was supposed to be thinking about what colleges to apply to and she seemed interested in anything but that.
After more than thirty years, Julie called David to ask for his help. David flew out to Boston and immediately jumped in to help solve Julie's problems. As they worked together, they slowly began to work through past issues and began to move forward in their lives.
It was a very sweet story, fairly predictable, but with a few twists.
The Clockmaker's Daughter by Kate Morton is about as far away from My Ex-Life as one could get! I really liked this story and want to read it again. I found it to be a quite complicated book to read. It is told by various narrators over many years. Keeping everyone straight was difficult.
Very simply, a little girl (the clockmaker's daughter), named Birdie who was seven years old, was abandoned in London in around 1850, told that her father had left for America and would send for her when he could. She was taken in by Mrs. Mack, who took in children for a fee and then taught them lives of crime, including thievery and prostitution. Birdie was befriended by one of the girls she lived with who taught her how to stay safe.
In 1861, Birdie fell in love with Edward Radcliffe, who was quite wealthy. They were married and moved to Edward's home, Birchwood Manor.
"We came to Birchwood Manor because Edward said that it was haunted. It wasn't. Not then."
The book primarily takes place at Birchwood Manor from 1861 to the present time. In 2017, Eloide Winslow was a young woman who was working for Stratton, Cadwell & Co. in the archives. One day a box was found in an unused cloakroom. The box was labeled "Contents of attic desk drawer, 1966-unlisted". When she opened the box, she found a very old satchel which contained a picture, a note and a journal with drawings/sketches. This, of course, led her off onto solving the mystery of who these people had been.
"Eloide was a nostalgic person, but she hated the charge. The word was terribly maligned. People used it as a stand-in for sentimentality, when it wasn't that at all. Sentimentality was mawkish and cloying, where nostalgia was acute and aching. It described yearning of the most profound kind: an awareness that time's passage could not be stopped and there was no going back to reclaim a moment or a person or to do things differently."
It is really a fascinating story and so well-written. Just a warning-take a few notes as you go to keep everything straight!
The Story of Forgetting
First of all, I have to announce that I think that I may have broken two records in May: the first I am a little embarrassed about (but not really)-I bought twelve books in May; and secondly, I read eight books in May!
I really loved The Story of Forgetting, a debut novel by Stefan Merrill Block. I fell in love with the writing. The first line of the book:
"I never found a way to fill all the silence."
And from the second page:
"But still. Even if the words go straight from my mouth to oblivion, the fundamental truth of my life is so simple, the saying of it makes me feel so foolish I can hardly bear to say it at all:
I was in love with my brother's wife."
You just have to read each page to understand the beauty of the writing.
The story began narrated by Abel Haggard, an elderly hunchback man who lived alone on his family's farm outside of Dallas, Texas. Everyone who he had loved was dead or gone. The other narrator of this book was Seth, a teenager who lived hundreds of miles away in Austin, Texas. Seth was slowly losing his mother to Alzheimer's. While Abel ruminated and reminisced about his life, Seth was determined to find out about his mother's past and locate her long-lost relatives in order to find out if his mother's disease had been in her family.
As Abel wrote:
"Perhaps it was better when it (the disease of his family) went unnamed. There was a time when it was only the mysterious affliction of the Haggards, the madness that seized my mother and grandfather and great-grandfather, and undoubtedly countless others before them, but of course, in its unsparing erasure, there's no way to know for certain just how many. Just as there is no way to know how or why it makes its claims."
Seth worked hard on researching his mother's illness. He learned of her variant of the disease that had been identified and then began visiting those people around the Austin area who had been diagnosed with the same variant.
There is a story of Isodora that is told through-out the book, sometimes beginning before a chapter but not always. The story had been brought over to the United States by Charles and Millicent Haggard, and was passed down through the years to each generation. Throughout the years, Seth's mother would tell him that:
"There are places where you can cross."
She was referring to the story of Isodora, just as Abel's mother had with him.
I just found this book to be truly beautiful and so well told. I can't wait to read more of his work!
The Clifton Chronicles
Only Time Will Tell was written by Jeffrey Archer in 2011. It is the first of seven novels of the Clifton Chronicles. I must be crazy to have gotten involved in reading the first one, but I did at the recommendation of a friend. (I still haven't finished the last book of the Outlander series!). My intention was to only read this first of the chronicles and then return to my to-be-read piles. However, after the surprise ending of the book, I ordered the second one right away...and that is how the whole seven series went! I ended up reading all of them. Thankfully, while they appear to be quite large books, they are very easy and quick to read. I hadn't read anything by Jeffrey Archer for over 30 years. I think I may have been missing out. The characters are very well developed and the writing is compelling.
As I said the Chronicles begins with Only Time Will Tell. It is the story of Harry Clifton, born to a widow, who worked as a waitress to make ends meet in England. The book begins with a Prelude told by Harry's mother, Maisie, dated 1919. The first chapter of the book begins with:
"I was told that my father was killed in the war."
Harry had been told that his father was killed in the war and so he and his mother lived with his grandparents and his Uncle Stan. Harry attended a private boarding school after he had earned a choral scholarship. There he met Giles Barrington and they became best friends. As Harry got older, he learned how his father had really died and realized that he may be the son of Giles' father.
By the end of the first book it was 1940. Harry had been studying at Oxford and decided he would join the navy and return to Oxford after the war ended.
The Chronicles go on to tell the stories of various characters, all surrounding Harry, his family and friends. Each section of the books is narrated by one of the characters. The story goes on until 1992.
I was surprised at how well the author threaded in all the history of the times into the books. So, readers, be warned, each book of the Chronicles ends with a cliff-hangar, that leaves you wanting more!
I had heard of Idaho on a podcast and had put in on my list of books to look for at the used book store, but it was never there. I finally ordered it and it was worth it! This is Emily Ruskovich's first novel and in 2018 it was nominated for the Edgar Award for Best First Novel.
Ann was teaching piano at a local school and one day Wade Mitchell showed up requesting lessons. Wade was the father of two young girls who attended the school. That summer, Wade and his family went out in his truck on an adventure and suddenly out of the blue, his wife, Jenny, killed their youngest daughter. The other daughter ran away and was never seen again. Jenny was convicted and imprisoned for the murder. Ann and Wade married after a time, and Ann began trying to piece together what had happened that summer day. Meanwhile, Wade was diagnosed with early onset Alzheimer's disease and was often violent.
This story could have been like a psychological thriller, but it turned into
a kind of psychological examination, as Ann studied the small things that she was able to learn about Jenny and why she would have killed her little girl. Ann also tried to find Wade's other daughter who had run off.
The novel goes back and forth in time over a 50 year time span. It is a fascinating study of a family. I spent a lot of time thinking about this book after I read it.
I had wanted to read Hillbilly Elegy by J. D. Vance for quite awhile, but just hadn't picked it up. It was chosen by one of my book groups, so that was my chance!
I was surprised how easily this book read. It is the story of J.D. Vance and how he lived and survived his upbringing. It is a story of success for the author's life, but is also a stunning look at what the lives of "hillbillies, rednecks or white trash" are, how they deal with what life has given them and how society works against their chances of getting out of the poverty of their lives. The book tells the real story of what it is like to be born into poverty and the difficulties that come with that.
Vance was essentially raised by his grandmother, herself being a survivor of poverty. She was a hell-raiser and a strong influencer and proponent of her grandson. Vance completed high school, joined the Marines, then went to college, graduated and went on to Yale Law School. He wrote "I was one lucky son of a bitch."
The book is full of interesting characters (who are real people), and Vance does a good job talking about what is needed to begin to eliminate the poverty that so many are in.
I found this to be a very readable, informative, and, at times, entertaining book.
Two more by t. greenwood
Ok, I think that these are the last two books by t. greenwood that I will read for awhile! Both were quite good stories and were tied together by some characters and location.
Breathing Water was written in 1999 and is the story of Effie Greer. Effie had left Lake Gormlaith after no longer being able to remain in a relationship with her boyfriend Max after a terrible tragedy occurred at the lake. Max was a drug addict and abusive and Effie had thought that she could save him. When she left, she wandered across the country, never staying too long anywhere so that Max could not find her. Finally, after three years of running, Effie felt safe to return to Lake Gormlaith. She went to her grandparent's rundown cottage where and began renovating it. She slowly allowed others, including her widowed grandmother Gussie, to enter her world and hope and forgiveness began for Effie.
Bodies of Water was written in 2013. This is a story about Gussie's sister, Billie. Billie was married at eighteen to Frankie, a verbally abusive alcoholic. Together they had two daughters. One day, in the summer of 1960, Billie's world changed when Ted and Eva Wilson and their children moved into the house across the street. Very quickly, Eva and Billie and their children spent all their time together. Billie and her children always spent time at Lake during the summer, providing Billie with some reprieve from Frankie. After Eva moved in, Billie invited her and her children to come for two weeks. During that time, Billie and Eva acted upon their feelings for each other.
Later, after Billie and Eva's secret relationship was revealed, all hell broke loose. Ted moved his family away and Billie had little contact with her.
Fifty years later, Eva's son contacted Gussie looking for Billie. He wanted to meet with her. Eva reluctantly flew across the country at Gussie's urging and there Billie learned some surprising secrets from the past fifty years.
Both of these books are beautifully written and both use water as a metaphor.
"Memory is the same as water. It is a still lake bathed in moonlight, a vast ocean, a violent river ready to carry you away. It can calm you or it can harm you; it is both more powerful and weaker than you'd think. It is a paradox."
As promised, I read another book by T. Greenwood, this one being The Golden Hour. I usually really like her books and this one was no exception.
This novel is about Wyn Davies. Wyn was a young girl when she went on a shortcut in the woods and was harmed. Twenty years later, Wyn was living in New York, working as an artist and married with a four year old daughter. She and her husband were recently separated, when Wyn learned that her assailant may be released from prison based on new evidence. And that she may have to testify and tell what really happened that day.
Wyn's best friend had recently purchased an old cabin in Maine and needed a caretaker for it, so Wyn agreed go up there and stay for awhile. The cabin had been empty for years and was in pretty bad shape. While cleaning up in the basement of the cabin, Wyn came across a box full of old film canisters. The box was labeled "Epitaphs and Prophecies". Of course, Wyn was both curious and fascinated, so she began having the film processed and as she examined the photos and/or negatives, she began to put together the story of the former owner of the cabin. In that process, Wyn also began to piece together her own life.
Another good book! I love finding good books!
Two books: At the Edge of the Orchard & The Hush
At the Edge of the Orchard by Tracy Chevalier was a book I picked up while on vacation last month. I wish, once again, that I had read the author's notes at the end of the book to learn that some of the characters were based on real people. If I had known that I would have enjoyed the book a little more. The novel is divided into several sections, going back and forth in time.
The novel began telling the story of James and Sadie Goodenough who settled in Ohio in 1838. James was determined to grow fifty apple trees so that the family could stake a claim on the property. He was also determined to attempt to grow hybrid apples. Sadie loved the applejack (alcohol) which brought out a mean side of her. James and Sadie had ten children so along with the struggles of trying to grow apples in the black swamp land, they had a large family to provide for. James and Sadie ended up not caring for each other much.
By 1840, the youngest son, Robert, was traveling from Ohio to Canada, then to Michigan, Indiana, Wisconsin, Missouri, and Texas, until he finally settled in California in 1850. He spent a few years gold mining there, then worked dozens of other jobs until one day he heard of the big trees in Calaveras County. When he got there, he happened to meet William Lobb who made his living selling seeds and saplings to people in England. He and Robert became friends, and William recognized that Robert knew about working with trees and hired him.
I don't want to give anything away, but there is a lot that happens in this novel. It's a good read. I recommend it!
The Hush by John Hart was a book that I was very anxious to read because I usually like his books very much. I had a harder time liking this book because it has some mysticism in it (which is an element I usually enjoy in a book) and it just didn't seem true to his novels. However, I still am finding myself thinking about parts of the book, so I think that I liked it better than I first thought. The novel is based on two characters that Hart has written about before: Johnny Merrimon and Jack Cross, ten years later.
Johnny and Jack had always been best friends, although their lives went in different directions. Johnny lived on six thousand sacred acres, in a cabin, but sometimes up in the trees. He was removed from other people and some were afraid of him. Jack had gone to college and then law school and was a brand new lawyer starting a new job in a law firm. Johnny showed up at Jack's office asking for help. He had inherited his land when he turned eighteen, but it was sacred land and now the Indians who had come from the land wanted it back. Johnny wanted Jack to act as his attorney.
This sacred land had many secrets, some considered it magical. It was certainly mysterious. And dangerous. Unexplainable things happened in the Hush.
It's a good mystery. Another book I would recommend.
Johnny and Jack had always been best friends even though their lives took different paths. Johnny was living on six thousand acres (Hush Arbor) of his family's sacred land. He was fairly removed from others and had a reputation as being rather strange. Jack had gone on to college and law school and was a brand new lawyer just starting out in a law firm. n
The Broken Girls
The Broken Girls by Simone St. James was a book group choice for March. It was a good mystery. I liked the way it was written, going between 1950 and then to 2014. It also was not predictable (to me, at least, nor to any of the book group).
The Broken Girls is really two stories connected and intertwined with each other. Part of the book is about a four girls living in a boarding school called Idlewild Hall in 1950. It was where the "unwanted girls" were sent. Those girls who caused trouble for their families in various ways were sent there. Even in 1950, it was said that the school was haunted. The other part of the book is set in 2014, when Fiona Sheridan, a journalist, learned that the school was being restored. Her sister had been found dead on that property twenty years earlier. Fiona decided to write a story about Idlewood Hall, not realizing, of course, that she would be opening up all kinds of secrets.
It's a good mystery! I recommend it!
Some Beach Time Reading
Just spent two and a half weeks at the beach and got lots of reading in sitting by the pool! Oh, what a life! Anyway, I loved the books that I read! I recommend all of them!
1) Cemetery Road-by Greg Iles. Iles is one of my very favorite mystery authors, so I was at the bookstore the day this came out. It didn't disappoint!
The first paragraph of the book sums it up:
"I never meant to kill my brother. I never set out to hate my father. I never dreamed I would bury my own son. Nor could I have imagined that I would betray the childhood friend who saved my live, or win a Pulitzer Prize for telling a lie."
In the story Marshall McEwan, a journalist, returned to his hometown, Bienville, Mississippi, to help with his terminally ill father. Marshall never wanted to return there for a variety of reasons, including that he felt that his father had always blamed him for his brother's death and that his lover from years before had stayed there and married his best friend. Shortly after his return one of his old friends and mentor was found dead under suspicious circumstances.
The old Southern town held many secrets and as Marshall begins to investigate, the secrets began to emerge.
Another great read by Iles.
2) The Thornbirds by Colleen McCullough. I'm not sure that any review of this book is necessary, but I wanted to add my impressions after reading it again after forty-two years (it came out in 1977).
What struck me the most is that usually most people's impression when they hear the name of the book remember it as a great love story between a priest and a younger woman. Reading it this time, I was struck with how little that love story was a part of the whole book. It really is a story of three generations of the Cleary family and their struggles on the ranch in Australia. The love story of Meggie and Fr. Ralph is like a thin silk thread running through the book.
I was also struck by how really good the book is. It certainly stands the test of time. Excellent writing. Each chapter is centered around one of the main characters as the book goes from 1915 to 1969.
3) Inheritance by Dani Shapiro. This was a fascinating book. It is a memoir about identity, love, ethics and forgiveness.
Dani was raised as an Orthodox Jew. She was blonde haired and blue eyed and had been questioned about her Jewishness every once in awhile, but she did not have any reason to question her appearance. She had grown up very close to her father, practicing the faith religiously with him.
Years later after her parents were dead and Dani was fifty-four years old, Dani's husband decided to do a DNA test and casually asked her if she wanted to order one also. She said that she would, even though her half-sister had done one several years before. Then pretty much forgot about it. Until the results arrived. Dani learned that her father was not her biological father. She began researching the family history and eventually found that she had been conceived by artificial insemination. Of course, Dani then felt as if her entire life had been based on a lie...the ancestors in all the pictures were not her family.
Eventually, Dani was able to learn who her biological father, contacted him and began a tenuous relationship with him and his family.
I found the book so fascinating as Dani worked through the mysteries of her family and the clues that had been forgotten in the back of her mind.
Book Group Reads: My Ex-Life and The Clockmaker's ...
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About Atlantic Cape Community College:
A comprehensive nonprofit publicly-supported educational institution
Serves Atlantic and Cape May counties in New Jersey
Enrolls just over 8,000 credit students
Originally named Atlantic Community College
Second community college in New Jersey (1964)
Officially became a joint college with Cape May County January 1, 1999
Renamed Atlantic Cape Community College February, 1999
Mays Landing Campus on 541 acres in the picturesque New Jersey Pinelands
Atlantic Cape is 15 miles west of Atlantic City’s boardwalk
45 miles from Philadelphia
115 miles from New York City
Atlantic Cape Community College is:
Accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education, 3624 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, 267-284-5000
Approved for veterans’ educational benefits.
The American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers, though not an accrediting agency, has given Atlantic Cape an “A” rating which indicates that the credits for Atlantic Cape students transferring to other institutions should be given full value.
The Culinary Arts programs are accredited by the American Culinary Federation Education Foundation Accrediting Commission.
The Hospitality Management program is accredited by the Accreditation Commission for Programs in Hospitality Administration.
The Nursing program is accredited by the N.J. Board of Nursing and the National League for Nursing Accrediting Commission, Inc.
The Respiratory Care Program, offered in cooperation with the Rutgers: School of Health Related Professions, is accredited by the Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs for Respiratory Care. Upon successful completion of the program, students receive a joint Associate in Applied Science degree from Atlantic Cape and Rutgers: School of Health Related Professions.
The Paralegal programs have the approval of the American Bar Association.
The Surgical Technology Program, offered through the continuing education department, is accredited by the Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education programs.
Approved education provider for Counseling Skills in Addiction Counseling as prescribed by Addiction Professionals Certification Board of N.J.
A charter member of Psi Beta, the National Honor Society in Psychology for Community and Junior Colleges. Psi Beta is a member of the Association of College Honor Societies and is an affiliate of the American Psychological Association and the American Psychological Society.
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April Grants and Gift Announced
Published April, 2016
The foundation is pleased to announce the following grants, and a gift, for the month of April:
A grant to Brüka Theatre of Reno, Nev., to help fund its production of Malvolio . . . Or What You Will. A Transgender Story, by Sandra Brunell Neace and Rachel Lopez. The new play, a transgender take on Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night, will be presented during Reno’s Artown arts celebration in July.
A grant to Tight Braid Group of New York City. The grant, administered by fiscal sponsor Fractured Atlas, will help support Tight Braid’s production of Won’t Be a Ghost, by Francis Weiss Rabkin. This new, multidisciplinary play reclaims the erased histories and writings of two queer truth-tellers: early sexologist Magnus Hirschfeld and contemporary whistleblower Chelsea Manning. Performances will be held on April 14–17 and 21–23 at the Brick Theater in Williamsburg, Brooklyn.
A grant to Plan-B company, of Salt Lake City, Utah, to help fund its production of Virtue, a new play by Tim Slover. The play examines the relationship between twelfth-century Christian visionary Hildegard of Bingen and an aristocratic young woman, Richardis, who enters Abbess Hildegard’s monastery to become a nun. Virtue will be performed at Plan-B’s Studio Theatre at the Rose Wagner Performing Arts Center in Salt Lake City in February 2017.
A gift to Clubbed Thumb, of New York City, in recognition of the company’s support of new plays by living American writers, including Men in Boats, by Jaclyn Backhaus, which will be produced in July at Playwrights Horizons’ Peter Jay Sharp Theater.
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District Line
Piccadilly Line
(still open)
South Kensington provides an example of a station that has gone through a few changes (including the ubiquitous replacing of lifts with escalators). Some of the changes are obvious to passing passengers, some not.
The District & Circle lines currently share an island platform, one side for eastbound trains, the other for westbound.
The layout of the station was originally somewhat different (as illustrated here). The part of the station viewed here was for District line trains only. What is currently the westbound platform used to be the eastbound District line platform. The westbound District platform has been demolished and stood where the scaffolding is in the photo.
(photo: 2009)
View of the area where the westbound District Line platform was. It was taken out of use in 1969.
A photo of it in its open days can be viewed here.
The other side of the station. This side was used for Metropolitan line trains. What is now the eastbound District/Circle line platform was the westbound Metropolitan line. The eastbound Met line platform was taken out of service in 1968.
A photo of it in use is here.
Another view of the former eastbound Metropolitan line platform.
This view is of the wide central island platform that exists at South Kensington. In the position where the photographer is standing, there was an additional terminating bay for the Metropolitan line. It was removed from service in 1957 and the space filled in.
A clue to its existence is in the two separate canopies; the gap between them was covered over when the track was filled in. Photos of it in existence are here and here.
The District Line obtained powers to build a deep level line along the route of its existing line to relieve overcrowding (the deep level line would have been an 'express' line i.e. would have had less stations). Construction work was actually started but was halted after it became apparent that the opening of the new Piccadilly Line was providing adequate alternate relief. A station and tunnel had been built at South Kensington - it was used for subterranean offices and a signal school until the station was remodelled for the installation of escalators (a photo of it is here).
Most of the deep level District section is lost now, its space taken by the escalators and associated passageways to the Piccadilly line platforms, but this very small section still remains. The brick wall in the middle of the photo is relatively recent, and the top half of the tunnel has been cut off but the curve of the lower half is still evident.
The station building for the Piccadilly line. Situated next to the District entrance in Pelham Street, its lifts were taken out of service in 1974 when the replacement escalators were brought into service (though there is talk of reopening the lift shaft to provide for disabled access to the Piccadilly line platforms). The entrance and exit to this building were on the left hand side of it. Click here for a photo of it in use shortly after opening.
The disused lift shaft for the Piccadilly line.
The bottom of the lift shaft.
The lift shaft is on the left. This view is what you would see looking through the very dirty grill on the platform.
Facing the other way.
Part of the connecting passageways sealed up.
A new ventilation shaft built post-closure.
As far as the ventilation route goes. The grilles on the left and right provide draught relief for the running tunnels.
Trafalgar Square (Bakerloo line)
Photos taken between 1977 and 1981, except where stated.
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PM Orbán addresses parliament’s opening session
Prime Minister Viktor Orbán addressed parliament’s opening session on Monday and said the government’s family protection action plan was gaining momentum, with more than 65,000 people having joined the scheme.
The Prime Minister highlighted that HUF 650 billion (EUR 1.96bn) of funding has been channelled towards families. He added that the economy has responded positively to this policy, recording growth of 5.2 percent in the first half of the year.
“We switched to a job-based economy and the unemployment rate has dropped to 3.4 percent, while the number of jobs has increased by 808,000 since 2010,” he said, adding that 4.5 million people have jobs in the country. He said nevertheless the government “wants more and better”, and intends to catch up with the Czech Republic in this regard.
PM Orbán said that in the first seven months of the year average wages had increased by 10.6 percent, while the rise in the minimum wage was the fourth highest in the EU.
The Prime Minsiter also noted big changes in government debt, which has fallen to 68 percent to GDP. And whereas in 2010 foreign currency loans accounted for 50 percent of the total, today they stand below 20 percent, he added.
Regarding the EU, PM Orbán said the incoming president of the European Commission was someone who could remedy the mistakes of previous years. He said he had felt obliged to prevent the election of a commission head who spoke disrespectfully of Hungarians, and who wanted to implement plans contrary to the will of Hungarians on migration. “We have achieved our goal,” he said.
On the topic of Brexit, PM Orbán said “a fair and just agreement” for the British had been made for their departure from the bloc. Also, an agreement had been struck that would protect the interests of Hungarians working in Britain.
Finally, the Prime Minister said Hungary’s economy could be made carbon neutral by 2050 by implementing radical schemes but “a significant contribution” from the European Union would be needed. A combined 150 billion euros will be needed to make Hungary’s energy production emissions free, to eliminate natural gas and to replace all traditional vehicles with electric ones, he said.
How many EU countries have laws on the books that empower the government to mobilise the military in the event of a terror attack?
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Abouat BAA
Bahrain’s athletic achievements praised
His Highness Shaikh Khalid bin Hamad Al Khalifa, First Deputy Chairman of the Supreme Council for Youth and Sport, West Asian Athletics Association President and President of Bahrain Athletic Federation, stressed that the Bahraini athletes achievements over the past four years in the World U20 Championships America in 2014 and Poland in 2016, the Asian Games held in Incheon, South Korea in 2014, the Indoors World Championship, the diamond league and a series Arab championships with outstanding achievements, raise the optimism for the achieving positive results in this Olympics.His Highness pointed out that since he became the leader of the Association board, he took it upon his shoulders to establish foreign training camps for athletes, providing them with the opportunities to go to many meets and championships which qualify them to compete in the Olympics. He explained that the positive results of local and global participations, confirm the Kingdom’s gradual rise in athletic sports thanks to the strategy followed by the Association to prepare athletes. His Highness also said that the Bahraini athletic sport became a strong competitor on a continental and international level, as evidenced by the outstanding results and attention to Bahraini runners and being nominated to compete in the Olympics by officials from International Association of Athletics Federations.
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The reliefs
Aid project in the Philippines received the 2018 prize at North Cape
The Children of the Earth Prize for 2018 has been awarded to the Norwegian-Philippine Sea and Sun Ministries International foundation and its work for poor children in the Philippines. The prize of 150 000 Norwegian crowns (NOK), equivalent to about 15 500 euros or 19 000 US dollars, was presented during a public ceremony at North Cape on June 7th. Some 500 students from local schools on Magerøya island, where North Cape is located, were among the attendees.
Sea and Sun Ministries International was established in 2001. From the very start, its activities have been directed by Wenche Thorkildsen and Edith Villamor, two very dedicated women from Norway and the Philippines. Both had acquired substantial experience from international humanitarian work prior to the start of Sea and Sun. Along with local helpers, they work hard to improve young people’s health and quality of life, give them education, social safety and a way out of poverty. The foundation is active in the island province of Camiguin in the southern part of the Philippines.
Wenche Thorkildsen with two of the many little children that have been given a new and better start in life.
The foundation provides substantial support to almost 1500 students in 14 children’s schools on the island of Camiguin, and has also developed projects for children below school age. In addition, Sea and Sun has built a health center, renovated the children’s ward at a local hospital and supplied medical equipment as gifts from health institutions in Norway. Sea and Sun even arranges summer camps for many children on the island, giving the participants positive experiences with play, fun and a sense of belonging and unity.
Sea and Sun has established a network of supporters both in Norway and locally, and recently received praise for its efforts from the province governor of Camiguin.
The award from North Cape will contribute to new projects like PCs for school work, gatherings for mothers with small children, refurbishing of local day care centers and purchase of educational toys to them – as well as collection of more medical equipment from hospitals in Norway.
During annual summer camps, children experience fun, play and unity.
The annual Children of the Earth Prize is awarded by the Children of the Earth Foundation, founded at North Cape on initiative by the well-known author Simon Flem Devold. The prize and an accompanying bronze statuette goes to an individual or a group of people that over time makes a convincing effort to improve the adolescence and living conditions of destitute children anywhere in the world.
This year, the prize was awarded for the 30th time. The prize winners were accompanied to North Cape by two 16 year old Philippino girls - Joileen Grace Escolano ("Joy") and Jeshyl Faith Uy ("Kim") - who both receive care and education through Sea and Sun Ministries. They performed during the ceremony, and became very popular among the young audience from the schools on Magerøya island.
You will find more information about the current prize winner and the Children of the Earth Foundation on the following Facebook addresses:
https://facebook.com/seaandsunministries and https://facebook.com/barnavjorden
Edith Villamor handing out books to children who can now attend school, thanks to Sea and Sun Ministries International.
The Children of the Earth Prize has become an important award for many worthy recipients and the children they support.
As per June 2019, a total of 31 prizes have been presented.
The reliefs next to the entrance to the hall at North Cape tell the story of the beginning of the Children of the Earth Foundation.
Children of the Earth A unique idea - An exciting project - An annual prize
Barn av Jorden, Postboks 1684 Vika, 0120 Oslo, Norge
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The Plot Summary for a Movie about a Zoroastrian Tragedy
If sex, violence and political intrigue are the stuff of blockbusters, the An Lushan Rebellion is worthy of consideration by the world’s best film producers, whether in Hollywood or Bollywood. A century after Zoroastrians succumbed to Islamic power and influence in Persia, the dubious exploits of An Lushan led to the disappearance of huge Zoroastrian communities in China. The story is largely unknown, even by the Zoroastrian community of the twenty-first-century, in which the role of China may again become paramount. We present here background information for the movie version of those events.
An Lushan was born in 703 CE in Yingzhou (now Chaoyang) China, to the well-placed Kang family within the burgeoning Sogdian immigrant community. Religion would play little or no role in the rise, rule and demise of China’s first Zoroastrian Emperor whose actions finally dragged the faith and its adherents into sudden oblivion. An exception to this would be the exemplary spiritual life of Shi Siming, Lushan’s childhood friend and alter ego through his remarkable but checkered career. They all spoke Chinese, but Shi Siming knew the “Good, Thoughts, Good Words, Good Actions” mantra by the Avestan words “Humata, Hukhta, Huvareshta,” and taught them to his Chinese associates at every stage of the story.
Twists and turns in the dramatic rise of An Lushan began an upward spiral in 741 when as a young general he became military governor in the area north of the Yellow River. He made the future Beijing his headquarters, but traveled frequently to meet with the Emperor Xuanzong, the Tang monarch reigning in the ancient capital, Luoyong. By this time Lushan had married twice, concurrently and advantageously, within the Sogdian minority, then a cultural and commercial elite. During one of his visits to the capital he was adopted as a son by the Empress Consort Yang, with whom he was having a secret affair. How better to achieve access to the palace and to her?
On this basis, on his next visit Lushan bowed to Consort Yang first before bowing to Emperor Xuanzong, stating, "Barbarians bow to mothers first before fathers."[1] Xuanzong, now believing Lushan was submissive to him like a son to a father, showed him every imaginable favor. At the beginning of 751 Lushan presented Emperor Xuanzong with 8,000 captives as slaves and the emperor made him Prince of Dongping, the only such appointment of a general outside the imperial Li family. The Empress threw him a sumptuous birthday party on February 20 of that year to kick off a building project by the aging emperor, a magnificent mansion built for Lushan in the alternate capital of Chang'an (now known as Xi’an), sparing no expenses, using jade, gold, and silver in special appointments.[2]
At this time, Lushan began to be worry what would happen once Emperor Xuanzong died. He had earlier refused to bow to Li Heng, the heir apparent, and there was bad blood between them, so he began to make preparations in case of retribution after the succession. He was already in a position to analyze the weak spots in the imperial defense system and the first step he took was to organize a troop of 8,000 elite soldiers, ostensibly to defend the palace under his command. He sent them on ill-fated training expeditions until they were in supreme fighting condition, then placed them at the headquarters of his own armies, stationed just north of the Yellow River, until needed.
This elite guard was used for successful skirmishes in which he claimed to be defending the throne from rivals, presumptive heirs, pretenders and future claimants. In the spring of 755 Lushan made a proposal to replace the 32 generals of traditional Han Chinese ethnicity with 32 “non-Han” generals (almost certainly Sogdian) under himself. We can surmise that the former generals were not as loyal to the emperor as the new generals would be to Lushan, “in defense of the throne.” This plan was accepted by Emperor Xuanzong, himself also nervous about those who might wish to hasten the succession. Tensions with rivals continued until autumn when the emperor finally became suspicious of Lushan as well, and arranged for an alliance of adversaries as a check on, or balance to Lushan’s now obviously excessive power.
On December 16, 755 Lushan launched his own rebellion, claiming he had received a secret order from Emperor Xuanzong to advance on Chang'an to remove the most powerful of the emperor’s potential challengers. His troops and generals believed him, marched through Chang’an, occupied Luoyang, and the rebellion was over before it started. Emperor Xuanzong deserted his capital and fled to Sichuan. Li Heng fled in the opposite direction, to Lingwu, where he was declared emperor by the army. Li Heng’s whole reign was then spent in attempting to reverse what became known in history as the An Lushan Rebellion, though there were actually three Zoroastrian Emperors during the rule of the Sogdian dynasty.
Meanwhile, in Luoyang on Lunar New Year’s Day (February 5) 756, An Lushan had proclaimed himself Emperor of China, launching the new Yen Dynasty, or “Peace,” as he chose to call it. Tang officials of his new realm surrendered to him with few exceptions and he made the leaders among them his chancellors, a move reminiscent of Cyrus the Great, still famous among Zoroastrians. He made his sons An Qingxu the Prince of Jin and An Qinghe the Prince of Zheng, two important provinces, though they all lived in the palace at Luoyang.
Despite this admirable beginning, Lushan was as ineffective a ruler as he had been an effective manipulator of events that brought him to power. His great girth, which made him look incredibly powerful upon his giant horse, made him look ridiculously obese on the throne. Years of hard living had caught up with him and he suffered from ulcers and syphilis, the latter causing blindness. He became ill-tempered, beating or even executing servants if they annoyed him. Once he achieved his goal of becoming emperor, he spent most of his time inside the Luoyang palace where his officials and generals rarely saw him, except to receive gruff and excessive orders. The Sogdian Zoroastrian culture itself, outside the palace, was at its peak at this time.
Lushan had a bias for his son An Qing'en, a “weakling” born to his second and favorite wife, “Empress Duan.” He considered Qing'en the safe choice as the crown prince, instead of the stronger An Qingxu, who was slightly older and thought himself next in line. But even Qingxu feared that paranoia would cause Lushan to put him to death. He plotted an assassination with the help of his father’s servant Yan Zhuang and Li Zhu’er, a favorite eunuch of the emperor, both of whom Lushan had beaten. On the night of 29 January, 757, with Yan and Qingxu standing guard, Li Zhu'er smuggled a sword into the private quarters of the palace and attacked Lushan. The blind emperor tried to fight back, but could not find the sword he kept under his bed and Li Zhu'er ran Lushan through with his rapier.
In the morning Yan Zhuang announced to the court that An Lushan was dying and was formally appointing An Qingxu crown prince. On that basis in a noon hour ceremony An Qingxu took the throne, even before announcing An Lushan's death, with nobody protesting or asking questions. His brief rule as the second Zoroastrian monarch was as chaotic as his father’s. In 759 Shi Siming, still quiet and unassuming, killed the erratic An Qingxu for the sake of the people and took the imperial title himself, the third Zoroastrian emperor. He recovered the body of An Lushan and performed Zoroastrian funeral rites for his friend. He then simply administered the affairs of state until overseeing an eventual surrender in 763 CE to Tang forces under a new emperor, Li Heng’s son[3] with new Uyghur allies, negotiating a just peace and amnesty for the Sogdian Zoroastrian population. Within a very short period of time there was an integration of millions of Sogdian Zoroastrians into the mainstream of Chinese society in which Confucian principles were enhanced by Zoroastrian spirituality. This was the “moment” in which Confucianism became a religion, as described earlier in Chapter 12 of this book.
<Figure 35> A Mysterious Stranger in China
Image Courtesy of the Museo di Arte Orientale (MAO), Turin, Italy
Described as "A Mysterious Stranger in China" in a Wall Street Journal article by Lee Lawrence,[4] this burial figure from the eighth century Yan Dynasty indicates a Zoroastrian vitality during the ill-fated An Lushan Rebellion of the Sogdian minority. It was seen as a mystery when first discovered in the ancient capital of Luoyang because art critics assumed it to be a person on a camel or on horseback riding side-saddle. The population of the city was over a million at the time, and at that moment about one quarter were Sogdian. The Phrygian cap worn by Zoroastrians is an easy marker, but who wears the equally distinct padam, a facial veil of ritual sacrifice, while riding? The mystery was solved by identification of the yoga camel pose by Jenny Sutacriti in research for this text, showing the devotee here in a half-camel yoga position called “the Ustra-Sana.” The persona thus memorialized is shown as probably leading a congregation in devotional exercises before the sacrificial flame; the hat may assist us in picturing this activity as being outdoors, as was customary. This fits with the thinking of Marcello Pacini, who headed the Agnelli Foundation for 25 years and who acquired the statue at auction some 20 years ago for the MAO collection. "I have never seen a rider with such intensity in his eyes," he says. "His is the expression of a priest honoring a god, not that of a camel rider facing some banal complication."[5] The figure is solid and obviously sculpted by a master craftsperson, showing the sophistication of the vibrant Sogdian culture at its peak, and with obvious reference to the international context of Zoroastrian life in China, with yogic roots into India at that time.
With up to thirty-six million killed in its decade of rule, the final world-stage saga of the Zoroastrian tradition ended, until the current era in which the small surviving Zoroastrian community scattered around the world may play a role again in a New Axial Age. The An Lushan episode was even more ignominious than the collapse of Zoroastrianism under Alexander, and again following Muhammad, when they were merely the victims of calamity, rather than being directed to their demise by their leaders.
However, still well thought of by their neighbors for the most part, after the return to Tang rule following Shi Siming’s amnesty, many Sogdians took Chinese names and millions of Zoroastrians participated in Confucian religious ceremonies which accommodated their true spirituality across most of China. Was this one final example where furtive Zoroastrians might well have buried or accidently hidden one or more copies of their precious scripture? The quest for The Dead Zee Scrolls expands now with the prime search area now extending from Sogdian Samarkand, eastward through all the areas of substantial Sogdian Zoroastrian activity along the Silk Route and well into China proper.
The restoration of lasting peace and prosperity by the Tang gave stimulus to an enriched Confucianism. A revised edition five classic Chinese books known as the Wujing offered new commentaries on old traditions resulting in the rise of metaphysically significant Confucian texts, notably Zhongyong (“Doctrine of the Mean”) and Yizhuan (“The Great Commentary of the Classic of Changes”). These appealed to some Buddhist and Daoist thinkers, but were probably influenced by the influx of Zoroastrian thought, recognized only of late. The most influential promoter of a Confucian revival was Han Yu, who spent part of his childhood in Chang'an, travelled throughout China, holding a number of distinguished government posts such as the rector of the Imperial University in Luoyang. He was as social associate and cultural companion of the respected Zoroastrians now prominent in the Imperial Court. Outliving both An Lushan and Shi Siming, Han Yu died after retiring in back Chang'an in 824 after a spectacular writing career. He is remembered for his fending off of Buddhist and Taoist influence with new ideas just as Zoroastrian was being submerged into mainstream Chinese life, first in power and later in defeat.
Confucianists from that time attributed the following verse to Confucius, without any textual proof. It appears in Confucian temples all over China to this day, and in the West, where Taoists claim it to have originated with Lau Tzu, again without evidence. The last lines may have been added by either, and, after their encounters with a source our readers will easily recognize, the “Humata, Hukhta, Huvareshta” was massaged. These words demonstrate the give and take among religions which have roots in the Axial Age, and aspire to bless each other again in the New Axial Age, with again a certain inspiration rooted in the words of the Persian prophet of old.
Watch your thoughts, they become words.
Watch your words, they become actions.
Watch your actions, they become habits.
Watch your habits, they become character.
Watch your character, it becomes destiny.
In the far east of China, a small group of Zoroastrian Sogdians continued with “business as usual” and true to their identity for another century until they backed the wrong horse in a subsequent rebellion. In the far west around Dunhuang and on down the Silk Route it was Buddhism which became a default religion for many Zoroastrians. Several magnificent Zoroastrian temples became Buddhist in this area, where they are now being carefully re-evaluated and restored as Zoroastrian historical monuments in the twenty-first-century.
Twenty-first century Chinese scholars are thoroughly investigating the Zoroastrian influence in Confucianism. They are also analyzing the influence of Taoism and Buddhism in relation to modern Chinese culture. They are even conducting examinations of minor cross-over effects of Hinduism, Islam, Christianity and Judaism in the secular state with its deep spiritual roots. This program is pursued with almost religious zeal in a communist idealism unlikely to reach proper conclusion without eventual acknowledgment of religious fundamentals. But we conclude by observing the irony that the religious quest in China today, with different goals and for different purposes, runs parallel to the project of the Dead Zee Scrolls Trilogy and employs many of the same methods and techniques.
Judging from sales of its two predecessors, SEVEN TESTAMENTS OF WORLD RELIGION may be as welcome in China as in the radically secularized states of North America and Western Europe in a rapidly changing world. Western intellectuals on either side of the North Atlantic may be missing the boat for which Chinese intellectuals have already purchased tickets. It is sometimes contended that the ideals and the programs of Christian missions triggered the Communist revolution, and now with religion again straining at the leash in China, at least some Chinese scholars will find themselves engaged by the spiritual dynamics they are investigating. China’s “Great leap Forward” under Mao Zedong was industrial. China’s forward movement under Xi Jinping is the Road and Belt initiative to recover control of the Silk Route. The future vitality of China, if present indications hold true, may well be in the spiritual realm.
[1] “An Lushan” article in the Zizhi Tongjian by Bo Yang
[2] Summary of information from the Encyclopedia of China(Chinese History Edition), 1st ed.
[3] Summary of information in the Encyclopedia of China(Chinese History Edition), 1st ed.
[4]Wall Street Journal, September 3, 2011
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Youtube Oldies Music 60s
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Enduring annual airplay was considered in making the list, but also numbers of cover versions and overall Christmas "feel. We cover the whole oldies era - the 40s, 50s, 60s, 70s and more. Complete 60's Records presents 'Complete Pop Instrumental Hits of the Sixties, Vol. ; 60s Hits The greatest hits of the 60s that have stood the test of time and are now classics. brightest flashlight youtube 60s music oldies. Discover new music you'll love, listen to free personalized 60s Oldies radio. Enjoy!! Here is some great music from the 60's. Music that brings back memories good and bad. Buy at this store. Watch your favorite music videos at home on your tv or take us on the go with the Music Choice app. Your favorite Christmas music. What You'll Hear. See actions taken by the people who manage and post content. Greatest Hits Golden Oldies - 50's and 60's & 70's Best Songs ( Oldies But Goldies. 8tracks radio. Oldies Music: Hits from the 50's, 60's, 70's & 80's. Best of YouTube Music Sports Gaming 60's & 70's (Oldies but Goodies) Jeanine Dalton; by Knights Oldies. The Fiestas--So Fine by tranquilatus. Enjoy!! Here is some great music from the 60's. Music from 1960 -1969. Listen to channels expertly curated for all of life's moments on all your devices. Enjoy the videos and music you love, upload original content, and share it all with friends, family, and the world on YouTube. I have included a brief bio for each artist or group, along with a couple of videos available through youtube. 50+ videos Play all Mix - Greatest Oldies Songs Of 60's 70's 80's | The Best Of Golden Oldies Songs YouTube Elvis Presley, Neil Young, Paul Anka, Tom Jones, Matt Monro, Engelbert, The Cascades. YouTube music charts. The Day My Music DiedDue to a Cease and Desist letter from the Harry Fox Agency, all the Oldies music in midi format has been removed from this site. 50's oldies 60s pop 60s rock n roll 60's oldies 70's funk music 70's oldies 70s pop 70s soul 80's disco music 80s funky music 80's dance 80s pop 80s rock 80's oldies 90s pop 90's dance 90s techno 90's oldies 90s rock pop 2000 love song french music wedding music wedding songs love songs chanson francaise musique mariage us jukebox hits. Create your own playlist to share with the world, or listen for free to perfect music for any taste, time and place. Christian Oldies's songs: Listen to songs by Christian Oldies on Myspace, Stream Free Online Music by Christian Oldies. https://www. 71,554 likes · 1,258 talking about this. If you like vintage music or the classics, this application is definitely for you, since here you will find the world's leading radio stations specialized in music from the 1960s, 1970s, 1980s and 1990s. User Selectable Free Oldies Music Videos - Free Oldies Music Videos -. Choose from Desk Top Matrix Free Oldies Music Streaming Audio Players in Collections by Playa Cofi Jukebox Desk Top Home Page - All Free Oldies Matrix Selections Free Oldies Music. Choose from Desk Top Matrix Free Oldies Music Streaming Audio Players in Collections by Playa Cofi Jukebox Desk Top Home Page - All Free Oldies Matrix Selections Free Oldies Music. Free Oldies Music Jukebox presents our musical heritage in a variety of music genre with an emphasis on the songs of the 1930s, 1940s, 1950s, 1960s, 1970s, 1980s; plus Country, Swing, Blues, Rock, Gospel, Caribbean, Jazz, Motown, Broadway Show Tunes, Folk, Classical, Doo Wop, Your Hit Parade, R&B, E…. We've additional information about Detail, Specification, Customer Reviews and Comparison Price. Follow DJ Sol to never miss another show. Greatest Hits Oldies Songs Of 50s - 60s - 70s - 80s - 90s - Best Nonstop Oldies But Goodies Songs old song, best oldies songs, best of oldies, best of oldies. You can listen to the free internet classic online killer ultimate oldies songs and online oldies love songs, 40s oldies, 50s oldies, 60s oldies and 70s oldies music 365 days a year. Get list of 100 top song hits of 1963 for your collection or digital music playlist. 60s 70s 80s Playlist. Basically, there is only one known line, and the group sounds kinda like Mungo Jerry or something similar, and is definitely an oldies song form either the 60's or early 70's. Online, everywhere. Free Oldies Music is an internet radio site that streams the top 100+ oldies music songs by year from 1935 to 1999 at TropicalGlen. This includes The Beach Boys, The Ronettes, members of Stax-Volt's Memphis soul dynasty, purveyors of the Motown sound such as Smokey Robinson and the Miracles, and the hot rod rock 'n' roll of the Daytonas and Jan and Dean. Free Oldies Music is an internet radio format that plays the top songs by year from 1935 to 1989 in the background while you work. 1 https://youtu. Our hand-crafted oldies radio channels showcase the rock and pop hits of yesteryear. Rare Oldies But Goodies by Various Artists - Rare Oldies But Goodies: Listen to songs by Various Artists - Rare Oldies But Goodies on Myspace, a place where people come to connect, discover, and share. Watch your favorite music videos at home on your tv or take us on the go with the Music Choice app. Get Offline Free Music Downloader! 10x Faster; Share on Facebook. 1 https://youtu. Find the latest in golden oldies music at Last. Dance and Sing Along instantly with the Oldies Music & Old Songs app! Get instant access to some of the best Classic Old Songs (50s, 60s & 70s) via streaming Oldies radio, tribute tracks, best-ofs. Your favorite Christmas music. Christy Lane's Learn the Dances of the 50's and 60's DVD. In the 1980s and 1990s, "oldies" meant the 15 years from the birth of rock n roll to the beginning of the singer-songwriter era of the early 1970s, or about 1955 to 1971. Provided to YouTube by Universal. This oldies collection includes 8 Oldies But Goodies CDs plus two absolutely FREE CDs with 30 songs, totaling 10 CDs with 158 songs and a 32 page booklet. If you like oldies you have come to the right place, we offer oldies A to Z by 250 of the best music artists listed A to Z with songs from the 40s, 50s, 60s, 70s and 80s also find One Hit Wonders, oldies but goodies and oldies love songs with mp3 downloads free. We provide access to Music Videos of the Top Popular Songs from 1950 to 1989 Our site and service is free to the user We rely on donations to fund our efforts, so please use the Menu "Contribute" link below to help us Keep Oldies Music Free. - stream 17,000+ oldies playlists including The Beatles, rock, and 60s music from your desktop or mobile device. net, you can listen to the full range of oldies online. by Oldies Music on album Crooners - Big Band Era - Oldies - Wedding Reception Music. What a fun time to grow up in a clean healthy America with good family values. Choose from over 15 channels of the music you love. Learn to dance to the oldies. Stream ad-free or purchase CD's and MP3s now on Amazon. Listen to Real Oldies Live for Free! Hear 50s, 60s & 70s Hits, only on iHeartRadio. For non-stop oldies music from the '50s and '60s, from Simon & Garfunkel to Tina Turner, it's all here for you. Old 50s-60s song Oh Whoa-oh oh Can't Remember!!? Alright, I heard this song the other day at a restaurant and I can't seem to find it again. We play musical surprises that keep you coming back for more. Thus it wasn't long before the youth of America was finding itself deeply questioning its country's leaders. Also all Oldies lyrics. The Oldies Jukebox. Encompassing Doo-Wop, early rock 'n' roll, Vocal Jazz standards, and some Big Band stuff such as Glenn Miller, oldies can be defined as pretty much all the music that came out of the states after the second world war and before the explosion of long-haired, pot-smokin' freedom rock in the mid-1960s. Free Music Online. It is ensemble single artists appearing with a backing group. Listen to 60's 70's & 80's Classic Oldies Mix by DJ Sol for free. Oldies Songs Of The 60's and 70's - Album 48 NonStop Greatest Oldies Vol. Brought to you by 57 Chevy Radio featuring all the great rock and roll hits and lots of hidden gems too. Musica para el recuerdo, historias y lo mejor de las decadas de 50's 60's 70's. 150K likes. Oldies Dance Videos and DVDs. I am deeply saddened. Get Offline Free Music Downloader! 10x Faster; Share on Facebook. Online, everywhere. 50's and 60's Upbeat music by Debbie285~ (21 playlists) goes where you go. Oldies But Goodies Greatest Hits 50's & 60's (Part Three) - YouTube oldies music images | Oldies-But-Goodies-Logo (not that there wasn't also music and lyrics. Check out All-Time Country Hits - 40 Classic Hits From The 50's, 60's And 70's by Various artists on Amazon Music. The TRUE OLDIES CHANNEL is programmed and hosted by legendary dee-jay and Rock & Roll Hall of Famer, Scott Shannon. - stream 17,000+ oldies playlists including The Beatles, rock, and 60s music from your desktop or mobile device. 60s music free download - TubeMate, Groove Music Pass, MP3 Juice - Free MP3 Downloader, and many more programs Download YouTube videos directly to your Android device. Bertrand VDM; by Knights Oldies. Brian Hyland Town without pity. Oldies music from the '50s, '60s, and '70s. Best of YouTube Music Sports Gaming 60's & 70's (Oldies but Goodies) Jeanine Dalton; by Knights Oldies. 60s Hits - Best 60's Songs (Sixties Greatest Music) 60's Music Hits - Greatest Hits of The 60's (Best Rock Playlist) - https://goo. Classic Oldies Music 50's,60's,70's & 80's. It's faaar out, dig it ;) http://twitter. be/qIF6zbXHaa8 Welcome To My ''iMusic '' Channel Help Us to Get 100. Concerts at Sea 50's & 60's theme Oldies Rock and Roll Cruise. Songs that sounded great then and still sound great even 30 or 40 years later. - stream 10,000+ 60s playlists including 70s, The Beatles, and oldies music from your desktop or mobile device. - stream 18,000+ oldies playlists including The Beatles, rock, and 60s music from your desktop or mobile device. Best of YouTube Music Sports Golden Oldies - Memories of the 50's and 60's. Music is what feelings. Featured in this playlist are: Track 1: Mid summer's dream (st. When you want to hear the best '60s radio stations online with unlimited skips, tune in and turn on to AccuRadio!. Live stream plus station schedule and song playlist. Gospel music enjoyed immense popularity during this era, as thousands flocked to witness the rousing female harmonies of the Caravans, one of the biggest gospel acts of the early 1960s. 3,337 likes · 259 talking about this. Stream ad-free or purchase CD's and MP3s now on Amazon. Similar Channels. Follow DJ Sol to never miss another show. Christmas Oldies is a 24/7 internet radio station supported by in-stream ads. Bertrand VDM; by Knights Oldies. Best of YouTube Music Sports Gaming 60's & 70's (Oldies but Goodies) Jeanine Dalton; by Knights Oldies. Listen to your favorite radio stations at Streema. AOL radio is now powered by Slacker radio and because of this you also get all the features and benefits of Slacker radio. It is ensemble single artists appearing with a backing group. freeoldiesmusicportal. 50+ videos Play all Mix - Greatest Oldies Songs Of 60's 70's 80's | The Best Of Golden Oldies Songs YouTube Elvis Presley, Neil Young, Paul Anka, Tom Jones, Matt Monro, Engelbert, The Cascades. Preview, buy and download Pop music from your favorite artists on iTunes. Shoutcast - Listen to Oldies Music Radio for Free. The Oldies 1079 WOLD-LP website presents details about the music heard on the station, the DJ and program schedule, information about community events, news, traffic, weather and ways to contact the DJ's and sales staff. Choose from Desk Top Matrix Free Oldies Music Streaming Audio Players in Collections by Playa Cofi Jukebox Desk Top Home Page - All Free Oldies Matrix Selections Free Oldies Music. Oldies Three decades of great classics. Russian Music Oldies on YouTube 60-е годы. Get all the greatest oldies music from the fifties, sixties and seventies. Explore Slacker Radio's free Oldies stations, as well as every other genre under the sun. The Cameos are a talented eight-piece Oldies/Vocal Harmony group who create and perform their own unique renditions of the most popular songs of the 1950’s 60's and 70's. We play musical surprises that keep you coming back for more. Classic Oldies - Classic Oldies plays great music - Elvis, Beatles, Beach Boys, Stones, with a touch of Sinatra, Frankie Vaughan, Nat King Cole, soul and fifties rock 'n' roll. 8tracks radio. Choose from Desk Top Matrix Free Oldies Music Streaming Audio Players in Collections by Playa Cofi Jukebox Desk Top Home Page - All Free Oldies Matrix Selections Free Oldies Music. Pop Oldies Songs: Music from the 50s, 60s, 70s & 80s. And then came the British The Beatles were merely the most visible of the many British music acts that found success in America in the mid-60's. Music, radio and podcasts, all free. "Popcorn" music is a term used to described a type of music played at Disco & Dance clubs,that seemed to be popular in Belgium & Holland & surrounding areas in the 70's onwards & is a return to music from the 50's & 60's generally, but can be taken from a number of sources, including Ska, Latin, Soul, Doo Wop as examples. Dance and Sing Along instantly with the Oldies Music & Old Songs app! Get instant access to some of the best Classic Old Songs (50s, 60s & 70s) via streaming Oldies radio, tribute tracks, best-ofs. This professionally produced Karaoke DVDs will turn any gathering into a rockin' good time. Apr 26, 2019- Oldies But Goodies From The 60s and 70s. Live stream plus station schedule and song playlist. The rise of the counterculture, particularly among the youth, created a huge market for rock, soul, pop, reggae and blues music produced by drug-culture influenced bands such as The Beatles, The Beach Boys, Bob Dylan, The Rolling Stones, Led Zeppelin, The Kinks, Cream, … read more. "Hypnotized, you got me hypnotized. These songs are ranked based upon their intitial and lasting popularity, as well as their influence and impact on the evolution of Rock and Roll and its sub-genres. Whether you're feeling nostalgic or want to dig deeper into vintage tunes, learn about hits from the 50s, 60s, and 70s. Listen online or download the iHeartRadio App. Choose from hundreds of stations of free internet radio with unlimited skips. Music, radio and podcasts, all free. If you like oldies you have come to the right place, we offer oldies A to Z by 250 of the best music artists listed A to Z with songs from the 40s, 50s, 60s, 70s and 80s also find One Hit Wonders, oldies but goodies and oldies love songs with mp3 downloads free. Thank You Again. Christmas Oldies is a 24/7 internet radio station supported by in-stream ads. Enjoy the free Baby Boomer Radio classic internet rock and roll online oldies jukebox radio streaming oldies music that we all grew up listening to 365 days a year. The Cameos are a talented eight-piece Oldies/Vocal Harmony group who create and perform their own unique renditions of the most popular songs of the 1950’s 60's and 70's. If you like vintage music or the classics, this application is definitely for you, since here you will find the world's leading radio stations specialized in music from the 1960s, 1970s, 1980s and 1990s. Check out Oldies But Goodies: 50 Rock and Pop Hits of the 60's and 70's by Various artists on Amazon Music. Oldies Music from the 50s,60s,70s,80s. The TRUE OLDIES CHANNEL is a 24/7/365 STREAMING MUSIC STATION dedicated to honoring the greatest Rock & Roll music ever recorded, with a spotlight on the greatest hits from the 60's and 70's, plus a few tossed in from the 80's. Free 60s 70s 80s 90s Radios Music. Founded in 1987, we revolutionized the fitness industry by being the first company to produce music formatted especially for group exercise classes – and have been the world’s #1 producer of workout music ever since. Listen to Cool Oldies Live for Free! Hear 70s & 80s Hits , only on iHeartRadio. User Selectable Free Oldies Music Videos - Free Oldies Music Videos -. Listen if YouTube is down (Stop Video First) Timeless snippets of classic Rock & Roll music from the 50's & 60's by Richie Valens, The Shangi-Las, Ruby and the Romantics, Beach Boys, Jay & The Americans, Everly Brothers, Little Anthony & The Imperials. All the popular songs and radio hits. 3,337 likes · 259 talking about this. Timeless tunes you'll never forget, and will always enjoy. The Fiestas--So Fine by tranquilatus. Pop Oldies Songs: Music from the 50s, 60s, 70s & 80s.
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The Longhorns will host the Tigers on September 7, which could quickly decide the fate of their season.Brad Crawford of 247Sports believes the contests against LSU and Oklahoma could define Texas’ season.Picking up two victories over top teams could elevate the Longhorns’ chances of making the College Football Playoff. On the flip side, both matchups could also put Texas in an early hole to start the first half of the season.An early win over LSU in September could set the tone for the rest of the season. As for the rivalry battle with Oklahoma, it’s fair to say that game will most likely come down to the wire.It’s going to be an interesting season for Tom Herman and the Longhorns.[247Sports] AUSTIN, TX – OCTOBER 25: A general view of fans at Darrell K Royal-Texas Memorial Stadium during a game between the Oklahoma State Cowboys and the Texas Longhorns on October 25, 2008 in Austin, Texas. (Photo by Ronald Martinez/Getty Images)Expectations will be high for the Texas Longhorns this year, but their schedule won’t do them any favors. The prestigious program has a few tough tests ahead of them for 2019.Texas ended the previous season with a statement win over Georgia in the Sugar Bowl. The victory over the Bulldogs let the rest of the country know that the Longhorns can compete with the elites in college football.Unfortunately for Texas, next season features matchups against two of the best schools in the nation: LSU and Oklahoma.Playing against Oklahoma isn’t a surprise, especially since the Cotton Bowl takes place every year. However, the showdown with LSU is pretty intriguing because of the timing.
Posted in vfmjouTagged Damali, Danny, Ginnette, Karima, Lucah, Marcelle, Nasir, Noelle, Pamela, Ryanna, Sophie, Staci
Joel Klatt Says There Are 10 College Football Playoff Contenders
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Thomas R. Bloom, Director, Department of Defense (DoD)
Overview of Mr. Bloom's Career Reinvention at DFAS Managing DFAS Looking Ahead to the Future Interview Transcript
Thomas R. Bloom
Broadcast Date:
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