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HIV, AIDS and 90-90-90: what is it and why does it matter?
Written by Glenda Gray
Glenda Gray, University of the Witwatersrand
Twenty years ago when someone acquired HIV, they would, on average, not live more than 12 years. Today, a young person who becomes infected in the developed world can expect to have a near-normal lifespan with access to lifelong, uninterrupted HIV treatment. Globally, the HIV/AIDS community has worked hard to realise the Sustainable Development Goal of ending the AIDS epidemic by 2030. One crucial part of this plan is bringing HIV treatment to all who need it. The 90-90-90 concept is one part of this plan. Ahead of the 21st International AIDS Conference, Professor Glenda Gray, President of the South African Medical Research Council, explains the importance of 90-90-90 and why there is so much talk around it.
What is 90-90-90?
A concept introduced by the United Nation’s programme on HIV/AIDS in 2013, 90-90-90 is a set of goals. The idea is that by 2020, 90% of people who are HIV infected will be diagnosed, 90% of people who are diagnosed will be on antiretroviral treatment and 90% of those who receive antiretrovirals will be virally suppressed. Viral suppression is when a person’s viral load – or the amount of virus in an HIV-positive person’s blood – is reduced to an undetectable level.
The strategy is an attempt to get the HIV epidemic under control and is based on the principal of universal testing and treating. What is central to “test and treat” approaches is that if one can identify people early on in their infection, and start treatment so they become virally suppressed, the onward transmission of HIV will be prevented and this will impact on HIV incidence at a population level.
There are an estimated 36.7 million HIV-positive people across the globe. In line with this, the goals would mean that 33.2 million of these people would be diagnosed, 29.5 million would be on antiretrovirals and 26.9 million would have viral suppression.
According to some of the latest figures, there are only 19.8 million people – or 53% – who have been tested. About 13.4 million people remain undiagnosed. There are 17 million people on antiretrovirals while a substantial 12.9 million have not been initiated on antiretrovirals and remain untreated. Of those on antiretroviral treatment, only 11.6 million have viral suppression, which means that almost a third of HIV-infected individuals on treatment are not virally suppressed. This not only impacts on the development of antiretroviral drug resistance and future treatment options; it also has implications for the onward transmission of HIV.
How realistic is this plan?
This is a strategy to try and control the HIV epidemic and get towards an HIV-free world. The concept of universal test and treat is an aspirational concept, but it is an incredibly difficult plan to implement at scale, particularly in resource-poor settings that are heavily burdened with HIV.
This plan entails that the health service identify HIV in people who are not symptomatic, and who are not seeking care. It entails taking HIV testing out of the clinics and into the community, and requires new and innovative ways to get people tested for HIV infection. In order to make this plan realisable the health system has to endeavour to make HIV testing easily available even in the most remote areas of the world.
The second component of this plan entails ensuring that HIV-infected individuals are triaged into care, and they need to start antiretroviral treatment as close to diagnosis as possible. People who are asymptomatic and well may not feel ready to start taking treatment for life, which means that there needs to be adequate counselling and support, and the health benefits of early initiation of care need to be adequately explained.
Antiretroviral drugs need to be available in all places at all times. Once treatment is initiated, the aim is to keep people on treatment and adherent so that they can be virally suppressed and incapable of transmitting the virus to sexual partners, and to have maximal health benefits from early initiation of treatment. It also requires countries to have at least three lines of drug therapy. Currently only five countries in sub-Saharan Africa have three lines of treatment for people to transition onto once they have drug resistance or experience toxicities.
Most countries are unable to realise these ambitious programmes. There are several reasons for this:
First, they require resources for extraordinary access to HIV testing. Second, they need resources to procure drugs and prevent stock-outs. And, lastly, they need resources to keep people on treatment for life. No country either rich or poor can boast this kind of access or resources.
Although resource-rich countries that have less of a burden of disease are more likely to get and retain people on treatment, in heavily burdened countries there are difficult choices to make as a government, as programmes such as this require extraordinary resources.
It entails a robust health system, innovation to improve HIV testing access, and antiretroviral supplies that will be uninterrupted and support all three lines in case of drug resistance. It will entail not only a robust health system but a cadre of health-care workers who are trained and able to deliver a good service.
It also requires financial investment and a country that sees the investment case and is willing to put its own money and not that of donors into the programme.
Which countries have made remarkable progress towards 90:90:90?
In Africa, Botswana is close to reaching the 90-90-90 target for testing, treatment and viral suppression. Botswana was the first country on the African continent to provide free antiretroviral treatment to people with HIV, starting in 2002. Furthermore it has achieved its level of coverage when providing treatment to people with CD4 cell counts below 350 cells/mm³, even before moving to providing treatment for everyone diagnosed with HIV infection.
Previous international reviews of treatment cascade performance have shown that northern European countries and Australia have made the greatest progress towards reaching the 90-90-90 target.
At the last International AIDS Conference, it was reported that Switzerland, Australia, the UK, Denmark and the Netherlands were well on their way to achieving this target. In each case, easily attainable improvements in the rate of diagnosis or treatment initiation should allow these countries to reach the goal.
Which countries are struggling to reach the 90:90:90 goals?
Many countries are struggling to reach these targets because of hard-to-reach populations. Testing and treatment has enormous challenges irrespective of the country you live in.
Many of those who receive HIV treatment are those who are the easiest to reach. This means that the road to universal access for all populations still poses major challenges.
There are substantial coverage gaps in many regions. To use Africa as an example: in 2013, treatment coverage on the continent ranged from 41% in eastern and southern Africa to 11% in the Middle East and North Africa.
At least 30 countries in the world account for 89% of all new HIV infections. At least 18 of these countries are in Africa, including Côte d’Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Mozambique, Nigeria and South Africa. But the list also includes other low- and middle-income countries like Brazil, China and India, and high-income countries like the US.
Glenda Gray, President of the SAMRC and Research Professor, Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand
HIV Awareness
HIV related discrimination through HIV and AIDS workplace policies in South Africa
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HIV still a challenge in the workplace
Scientists are combining forces to tackle the deadly duo of TB and HIV
AIDS conference 2016: the gains, the gaps, the next global steps
More in this category: « Leave for surrogate parents in South Africa: no time for baby steps It's not enough to test for HIV and treat it – social factors matter too »
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info@worldlottos.eu
World Lottos
Mega Million Daily Numbers
World Lottery Winners
California Super Lotto Winners
Mega Sena Loteria Winners
Florida Lotto
USA Lottos
Known to many as the Sunshine State in the United States, but also home of the state run lottery, Florida Lottery that is amongst one of the most popular lottery games in the United States. The Florida Lottery operates over 20 ways to win cash that can change your life.
Florida Lotto is a popular draw game offered by the Florida Lottery. It was the last US jackpot lottery game not to directly compete with a multi-jurisdictional lottery until the Florida Lottery joined Powerball on January 4, 2009.
As with all Florida Lottery games, the minimum age to play is 18.
As of September 8, 2009 a total of 963 tickets had matched 6-of-6 in Florida Lotto to win or share a jackpot. Of these, 27 expired, never being claimed by ticketholders.
Game’s beginning (1988–1993)
The first tickets were sold on Friday, April 29, 1988; the first drawing was on Saturday, May 7, 1988.[3]
The game was originally played by selecting 6 numbers from a field a 49. Each play cost US$ 1, and drawings were held Saturday nights at 11:00 pm EST. Players would win prizes by matching 3 or more numbers on their ticket to the 6 selected on Saturday night. If they matched all six, they would win a jackpot that was paid in 20 equal yearly installments (the cash option was not available until 1998.)
Florida Lotto is a pari-mutuel game, where prizes are based on the total number of tickets sold, and the number of winners for each prize level. Originally, 25% of all ticket sales accumulated in the jackpot prize pool. If no ticket were to win the top prize pool for a drawing that prize pool would roll over to the next week’s jackpot prize pool.
Before each drawing the Florida Lottery would estimate and advertise a jackpot based on expected ticket sales. The accumulated prize pool for the jackpot represented the current value of the 20-payment yearly annuity that would be awarded to the winner(s). The Lottery then advertised the total stream of payments such annuity would yield as the jackpot. In weeks where sales figures exceed expectations the Lottery would revise the estimated jackpot figures.
A Florida Lotto drawing from October 13, 1990.
The game’s original prize structure:
Avg. Prize
% Of Sales
6 of 6 Jackpot 25.0% + rollover 1:13,983,816
5 of 6 $3,523.00 6.50% 1:54,200.8
4 of 6 $98.00 9.50% 1:1,032.4
3 of 6 $5.00 9.00% 1:56.7
Overall odds of winning : 1 in 53.655
Beginning April 3, 1990, players could elect to use Quick Pick to have a lottery terminal select their numbers.[3]
Same game, bigger advertised jackpots (1993–1999)
On February 6, 1993, the prize structure was revamped to increase the percentage of sales toward the jackpot pool, allowing for a minimum jackpot of $6 million.
The new structure was:
6 of 6 Jackpot 33.50% + rollover 1:13,983,816
The game would go unchanged until October 21, 1998, when the Florida Lottery began allowing winners to receive their jackpot in lump sum in lieu of the 20-payment annuity. In order to receive the lump sum winners must make the election within 60 days of the drawing. Players electing lump sum would receive their share of the cash in the jackpot pool. The cash value option was elected for the first time for the October 24, 1998 drawing, as two players split a $12,780,000 (annuitized) jackpot. The cash in the jackpot pool for that drawing was $8,238,609.84. One player chose the 20 annual payments of $319,500 each. Jay Jasperson and Kay Stephens of Tampa became the first jackpot winners to choose lump sum payment; they split $4,119,304.92.[4]
On November 15, 1998 the Lottery increased the length of the annuity option to 30 annual payments.[3] This in effect allowed the Lottery to artificially increase their advertised jackpot amounts without actually increasing the cash in the jackpot pool. The then-new cash option remained. On November 28, 1998 two tickets split the $16,800,000 jackpot; the jackpot cash pool was $8,749,944.72. One player elected to receive a lump sum of $4,374,972.36, while the Moen Family Partnership from Jupiter became the first to select the 30-payment annuity, receiving $280,000 per year.[4] Despite the nearly identical jackpot cash pool as in the October 21, 1998 drawing, the change to the annuity stream allowed the Lottery to announce a jackpot prize of nearly $4 million more.
On January 9, 1999, the Lottery began guaranteeing the estimated jackpot. When sales would otherwise create a jackpot below the estimate, the Lottery would supplement the prize to guarantee the 30-payment annuity. If the jackpot pool exceeds the estimated amount, then the player would receive the larger annuity stream if the annuity is chosen.[1]
Currently, winners have 90 days from the drawing in which to choose the cash option, instead of the original 60.
6/53 begins (1999–present)
On October 24, 1999, the most significant change to Florida Lotto occurred.[3] Four numbers were added to the field to make a total of 53 numbers for players to choose from, increasing the difficulty to win the jackpot. A second weekly drawing, on Wednesday nights, also was added, the first mid-week drawing was on October 27, 1999. The first Wednesday drawing included the new highest number, 53. Because of the twice-weekly drawings, the minimum jackpot was reduced to $3 million.
The current prize structure is:[5]
Avg. Base Prize
Lotto Xtra Bonus
6 of 6 Jackpot ($2 mil starting Jackpot) 31.75% + rollover No Bonus 1:22,957,480
5 of 6 $5,000.00 6.15% 2x, 3x, 4x, or 5x 1:81,409.50
4 of 6 $70.00 5.00% 2x, 3x, 4x, or 5x 1:1,415.82
3 of 6 $5.00 (guaranteed) 7.10% 2x, 3x, 4x, or 5x(5x guaranteed for limited time) 1:70.79
2 of 6 Not a winner N/A Free Xtra Ticket 1:8.58
Overall odds of winning : 1 in 67.36Overall odds of Lotto Xtra ticket winning : 1 in 7.61 Lotto Xtra Multiplier Odds: 1:4
Starting with the October 14, 2009 drawing, the 3-of-6 prize minimum prize is $5.[6] Previously, the minimum was $3.50.
On January 19, 2008, the Lottery changed its advertised jackpot policy again. The Lottery announced that all jackpot amounts are guaranteed. The annuity jackpot now is the guaranteed amount announced by the Lottery in advance of the drawing. The lump sum option is fixed at the current value required to fund the declared Jackpot annuity based on the interest rate in effect on the date of the Lotto drawing (or prior business day). If sales exceed Lottery expectations, the Lottery would no longer award the player the additional prize amounts, keeping the surplus in a special prize pool.[1] Shortages are funded from any unclaimed prizes.[6]
Lotto Xtra (2009–)
On October 11, 2009 at 6:00 am the Florida Lottery began sales of Lotto Xtra. The first drawing offering the enhanced prizes was held on October 14, 2009.[8] This feature is similar to Powerball’s PowerPlay option where players can elect to add $1 to each game, multiplying non-jackpot winnings by either 2x, 3x, 4x, or 5x. The odds for each multiplier for each drawing are 1:4. As in Powerball, the multiplier for Xtra is selected by computer and shown on a monitor while the regular Lotto numbers are drawn by a ball machine. Additionally, Florida Lotto tickets purchased with Lotto Xtra win a free play with Lotto Xtra for a 2-of-6 match.
To promote the Lotto Xtra feature, the Florida Lottery guaranteed that Lotto Xtra tickets matching 3 of 6 would have a 5x multiplier through December 27, 2009. The Lottery has extended the promotion; no end date has been set.
Also starting with the October 14, 2009 drawing, the minimum prize for 3 of 6 was raised from $3.50 to $5.
On February 14, 2010, the Florida Lotto minimum jackpot was reduced to $2 million.
On April 14, 2010, Florida Lotto produced its 19th consecutive rollover. This broke the previous rollover record of 18 set on April 3, 2010.
As further evidence of eroding Lotto sales to the Powerball, the Florida Lottery changed the jackpot estimated rules again in mid-2010 to reduce the minimum increase in the guaranteed jackpot between drawings from $2 million to $1 million. The first such $1 million increase was on August 11, 2010,[9] marking the smallest ever increase in the advertised jackpot following a rollover drawing.
As of the drawing on December 21, 2011, Lotto has rolled over 26 straight times, a new record. It was last won on September 14, 2011. The jackpot for December 24, 2011, is $50 million
Largest Florida Lotto jackpot: 6 tickets shared $106.5 million on September 15, 1990, just two years after its launch (the Lottery initially advertised this jackpot at $75 million but raised it thrice; the final estimate was $100 million)[1]
Largest for one ticket: Whispering Pines Lottery Trust of New Port Richey won $81.6 million on March 29, 2000. They elected to receive the lump sum of $38,777,403.46, which was the largest one-time payout the Florida Lottery had made to date
Most Rollovers: $52 million won on April 17, 2010 by one ticket. The jackpot was finally won after a record 19 rollovers
First jackpot: Josie Morre of Port Charlotte won $14,080,000 on May 28, 1988
Largest Unclaimed Prize: Single ticket sold in North Bay Village won $53,700,000 on March 12, 2003 but was never claimed
Largest Lotto Plus prize: Richard Cormier won $18 million for a $8 million jackpot; he bought a $2 Lotto Plus ticket for the drawing of April 18, 2009. Mr. Cormier elected to be paid his winnings in a lump sum; he was awarded $11,025,708
Most jackpot winners in one draw: 3 occurrences where 9 tickets each shared a jackpot: June 24, 1989; November 23, 1991; and July 31, 1993. In the 1991 occurrence, one player claimed 2 of the 9 winning tickets
Smallest Jackpot Prize: $399,600 on June 24, 1989. Nine tickets (see above) shared a jackpot of $3.6 million (cash value). Due to the low jackpot shares, each winner was given a lump sum rather than the annuity value (the only way before 1998 a winner could receive their jackpot share in lump sum
Most winning tickets by one person in one drawing: Regino Musa claimed 3 of 7 winning shares for the February 5, 2005 drawing. Interestingly, Musa’s winning tickets were 3 of 5 winning tickets sold by one retailer; the other 2 were never claimed
Abraham Shakespeare, winner of a $35 Million 2006 jackpot, found buried under a concrete slab in 2010
Source Wikipedia
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Copyright © Play World Lottery From Home. All Rights Reserved | 18+ Gamble responsibly
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Need to change mindset about local coaches: Mahmud
Independent Online/BSS
Khaled Mahmud Sujon insisted that Bangladesh Cricket Board (BCB) should give the local coaches an opportunity at the highest level to prove their mettle.
He said this is the high time that the board should start believing the local coaches, who have been working successfully with various franchisees of Bangladesh Premier League (BPL), alongside the foreign coaches.
BPL is a Bangladeshi T20 tournament where foreign players and the coaches remain the integral part.
Mahmud, who had accepted the role on the interim basis at the request of the board for Bangladesh’s three-match ODI series against Sri Lanka did not hide his disappointment for not providing him the role of head coach on a long term basis.
Mahmud earlier insisted he is willing to quit as BCB director to avoid conflict of interest if BCB gives him the role of head coach.
“Akram bhai is cricket operations chairman of the board and he told me that I am assigned for the tour as the interim. I said, I can’t do it but they just wanted me for a short period,” Mahmud told reporters.
”It is tough to make a plan for a short period. This is crisis moment for the board and we are not finding anyone for coaching management and so I’m doing it for the sake of board and cricket because I have been working with the team for the last five years,” he added.
”Helping the team is my responsibility. I was manager, it is different responsibility now because I work from the field and my profession is coaching. This is a matter of pleasure and challenging at the same time,” he said.
When asked whether he insisted promoting local coach during the BCB meeting, Mahmud said he did that more than once but it went into the deaf ears.
”I do that [insisting to promote local coaches]. I have that right to give my opinion. I always give my opinion. But I am no one to take the decision. The decision will be taken with everyone’s opinion. And we have a panel for selecting a coach. They might think too. Until they are confident about it, it will be difficult,” he said.
”If you see, I worked as an interim before and I had only one chance. But that experience was not good either. Then I never got the opportunity again. Salahuddin worked before that. I, too worked with Jamie Siddons as assistant. So it’s not like we do not have experience with the national team. Actually we need an opportunity.
“If you see, when Steve Rhodes came, his beginning was not that smooth. But if you see his record, he has better winning record. You have to give proper chance so that he can progress with plans. Every coach has some natural preference, he feels confident on someone… so there are many things,” he said.
Mahmud added that he did not apply for the head coach post after BCB had put up an advertisement in the online with the deadline ending on July 18 and indicated he was reluctant knowing the mindset of the BCB high-ups.
”I did not apply on July 18. Board wants an overseas coach… actually we appoint foreign coach in every department. Board is not that confident on our locals. But I think I’m capable for the job. This is not a rocket science to guide a team. Usually you have to complete level 3-4, I completed level 3 in 2006/07. And it’s not like we were idle after doing that. We worked in the ground,” he said.
”Techniques are fixed in cricket. Everyone plays the square cuts in the same way. In swing or out swing, everyone do it in similar way. This is a fixed technique game. What is important is your planning that is what matter here and as I am from this country, played in these same grounds it will be easier for me to make plan,” he said.
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Sir William Bowes1
M, #189181, d. 28 July 1466
Last Edited=2 May 2010
Sir William Bowes was the son of Sir William Bowes and Jane Greystoke.2 He married Maud FitzHugh, daughter of William FitzHugh, 4th Lord FitzHugh. He died on 28 July 1466.3
He held the office of Sheriff of Northumberland.3 He lived at Streatlam, County Durham, EnglandG.1
Children of Sir William Bowes and Maud FitzHugh
Joan Bowes+1
Anne Bowes+2
[S79] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry (Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A.: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2004), page 144. Hereinafter cited as Plantagenet Ancestry.
[S4607] Richard Deavers, "re: Liddell Family," e-mail message to Darryl Roger LUNDY (101053), 29 April 2010. Hereinafter cited as "re: Liddell Family."
Maud FitzHugh1
F, #189182, b. circa 1422, d. after 28 July 1466
Maud FitzHugh was born circa 1422.2 She was the daughter of William FitzHugh, 4th Lord FitzHugh.1 She married Sir William Bowes, son of Sir William Bowes and Jane Greystoke. She died after 28 July 1466.2
Her married name became Bowes.
Children of Maud FitzHugh and Sir William Bowes
Sir William Bulmer1
M, #189183, b. circa 23 April 1465, d. 18 October 1531
Sir William Bulmer was born circa 23 April 1465.1 He was the son of Sir Ralph Bulmer and Joan Bowes.1 He married Margery Conyers, daughter of John Conyers and Lady Alice Neville.1 He died on 18 October 1531.1 His will (dated 1 to 6 October 1531) was proven (by probate) on 4 November 1531.1
He held the office of Sheriff of County Durham between 1503 and 1516.1 He held the office of Sheriff of Yorkshire from 1517 to 1518.1 He held the office of Sheriff of County Durham between 1523 and 1527.1 He held the office of Sheriff of County Durham between 1527 and 1529.1
Child of Sir William Bulmer and Margery Conyers
Sir John Bulmer+1 b. b 1446, d. 25 May 1537
Margery Conyers1
F, #189184, d. 10 May 1524
Margery Conyers was the daughter of John Conyers and Lady Alice Neville.1 She married Sir William Bulmer, son of Sir Ralph Bulmer and Joan Bowes.1 She died on 10 May 1524.1
Her married name became Bulmer.1
Child of Margery Conyers and Sir William Bulmer
John Conyers1
M, #189185, d. after 4 July 1472
John Conyers was the son of John Conyers and Lady Alice Neville.1,2 He died after 4 July 1472.2
M, #189186, d. 1470
John Conyers was the son of Sir John Conyers and Margery Darcy.2 He married Lady Alice Neville, daughter of William de Neville, 1st and last Earl of Kent and Joan Fauconberge, Baroness Fauconberge.3 He died in 1470.2
He lived at Hornby Castle, Yorkshire, EnglandG.1
Children of John Conyers and Lady Alice Neville
Margery Conyers+1 d. 10 May 1524
John Conyers1 d. a 4 Jul 1472
Anne Conyers+4
William Conyers, 1st Lord Conyers+3 b. 21 Dec 1468, d. 1524
[S21] L. G. Pine, The New Extinct Peerage 1884-1971: Containing Extinct, Abeyant, Dormant and Suspended Peerages With Genealogies and Arms (London, U.K.: Heraldry Today, 1972), page 122. Hereinafter cited as The New Extinct Peerage.
Lady Alice Neville1
Lady Alice Neville is the daughter of William de Neville, 1st and last Earl of Kent and Joan Fauconberge, Baroness Fauconberge.1 She married John Conyers, son of Sir John Conyers and Margery Darcy.2
Her married name became Conyers.2
Children of Lady Alice Neville and John Conyers
Anne Conyers+
Sir John Bulmer1
M, #189188, b. before 1446, d. 25 May 1537
Sir John Bulmer was born before 1446.1 He was the son of Sir William Bulmer and Margery Conyers.1 He married, firstly, Anne Bigod, daughter of Sir Ralph Bigod and Margaret Constable.1 He married, secondly, Margaret Stafford.2 He died on 25 May 1537, executed for high treason.1
He held the office of Sheriff of County Durham between 1529 and 1532.1 On 16 May 1537 he pleaded guilty for taking part in Aske's rebellion.2
Child of Sir John Bulmer
Sir Ralph Bulmer+2 d. 9 Oct 1558
Anne Bigod1
F, #189189, d. after 6 October 1531
Anne Bigod was the daughter of Sir Ralph Bigod and Margaret Constable.1,2 She married Sir John Bulmer, son of Sir William Bulmer and Margery Conyers.1 She died after 6 October 1531.2
Sir Ralph Bigod1
Sir Ralph Bigod lived at Settrington, Yorkshire, EnglandG.1
Child of Sir Ralph Bigod and Margaret Constable
Anne Bigod1 d. a 6 Oct 1531
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"The PFC law truly is, the law that ought to have existed before any other. For, without requiring that birth be under respectable conditions, we cannot successfully require that life be under respectable conditions. If we do, then we would need a host of other laws to govern and safeguard that human dignity and respectability in every matter and detail; at every place and at every time, which obviously as history has shown, is not only impossible, but also ineffective."
"Fairness will then be truly maintained because it is applied to the very birth of humans. Fairness in life will automatically follow fairness in birth. It is the only way the infants born in this world can be required to be treated fairly. It is the only way we are going to put a bar on human value, a permanent bar that is not allowed to come down. A bar on human value that is immune to changing circumstances and times. A bar on human value that can only be increased with the passage of time but never decreased."
"This is not an aim or achievement; it's a responsibility to ensure fair treatment and mutual respect. It's a responsibility to ensure that people will not be driven to kill each other for money. It's a responsibility to ensure that people do not have to cheat and lie to earn their living. It's a hugely overlooked responsibility, the responsibility of ensuring birth into basic financial capability. Enough financial capability to make theft and dishonesty unnecessary. Enough financial capability to make overexploitation of natural resources and extinction of species unnecessary. Birth into basic financial capability, if ensured, would result in a fair, just and self-sustaining humanity."
the perfect world theory
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| 0.880799
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ExhibitionsArtistsArt FairsPublicationsMediaNewsInformation
Peter and Sally Saul on How to Thrive as a Creative Couple
By Scott Indrisek
In Sally Saul's Together (2017), two happy polar bears stand side by side, holding hands. They look content (if a little befuddled), ready to face whatever the future might bring.
I couldn’t help but think of this perfect ceramic sculpture after meeting with Sally and her husband, the offbeat painting legend Peter Saul, to discuss their unique, lasting marriage—and what other artistic couples might be able to learn from it.
“They are both wonderful people and first-rate artists,” said Mary Boone, Peter’s New York gallerist since 1995. “It is great to see—and rare—that they help each other and share a lot creatively.”
I met the couple at their Upper East Side apartment, a small one-bedroom rental that they keep for occasional journeys into the city. They’re permanently based upstate in Germantown, New York, where they share a house (built in 1855) and a bi-level studio (redesigned in 2014 by the architect Stan Allen, a personal friend).
The living room of their Manhattan digs is cozy. Peter is dressed conservatively for a man who once painted
Salvador Dalí urinating champagne into the ear of George W. Bush (only his bright teal sneakers hint at such a streak of eccentric wildness). Sally is likewise low-key, a calming presence, whether she’s discussing the daily anxiety of Trump’s America or her recent efforts to humanely trap gophers up in Germantown.
Spending an hour in their company makes it clear that—over the course of 43 years of marriage—they’ve settled into an admirably comfortable, supportive dynamic together. The Sauls, admittedly, are lucky. And any relationship—between artists or others—survives on a complex recipe of luck, compatibility, compromise, and trust. So what can we learn from Peter and Sally’s four decades of creative matrimony?
Forget about online dating (“When Peter Met Sally”)
When Peter and Sally met in 1973, neither would have imagined the panoply of relationship apps that love-hungry artists take for granted today. They met in a slightly more nerve-wracking way: via the telephone, having yet to see each other in person.
Peter, 39, had been teaching at the Oakland School of Arts and Crafts (now the California College of the Arts). Someone Sally knew was one of his students; she had slipped Peter her friend’s phone number, thinking they might be a good match.
“I was kind of queasy about this, but he did phone, actually,” recalled Sally, who was 27 at the time. “Yup, I got my nerve up…” Peter added.
“I just liked the sound of his voice,” Sally said. “He sounded very authentic. And in those days, too, Peter had a little stutter, which was sort of winning—when he was nervous, or on the phone, or a little excited.”
The blind phone call went well, and the two set a dinner date. Peter managed to locate Sally’s apartment in the neighborhood of Glen Park by using a “map and a magnifying glass, stopping every few blocks,” he remembered. “It’s kind of amazing that he found it,” Sally noted. “He never knows where he’s going.”
At this point in time, in 1973, Peter was already an established artist. (That year he would paint The Crucifixion of Angela Davis, a visceral and surreal portrait of the radical activist.) Sally was working as a secretary; she wouldn’t start actively making art until the 1980s. “Peter was very funny, and very lively. Easy to talk to,” she said.
“I met Sally at the right moment, and we had a real relationship for the first time in my life,” Peter said. “In the old days, relationships between men and women were just lousy across the board. And suddenly here it was: brand new and wonderful, like it’s supposed to be.”
You should support each other, not compete
Artists are driven and competitive; after all, there isn’t an infinite amount of fame to go around. If we imagine two recent MFA grads settling down for a life together, we might also imagine the stress (and possible bitterness) that might result: What if one partner’s career skyrocketed, while the other’s fizzled?
Peter and Sally managed to sidestep this dilemma due to circumstance. When they married, in 1975, Sally had earned a master’s degree in American literature. She had yet to embark on a career as a ceramicist; it was Peter’s social circle in San Francisco, the hotbed of the Funk movement, that turned her onto the medium’s possibilities.
“I gradually became interested in it—I felt that it was something I could do,” she said. The couple hung out with sculptors like
Robert Arneson and his wife, Sandra Shannonhouse, as well as David Gilhooly.
“I just had never seen art like that.”Peter, meanwhile, was showing with Allan Frumkin Gallery in New York (his debut solo exhibition was at the gallery’s Chicago location back in 1961). It wasn’t until the early 1980s, when the Sauls relocated to Austin, Texas, that Sally would start taking ceramics classes at the University of Texas and making her own work. Even then, she didn’t seem overly driven to make a name for herself or to exhibit widely.
“Modesty had to be overcome in Sally’s case,” Peter surmised. “As she realizes now, you have to prize the work itself; you have to think it’s good before other people think it’s good. Sally had a rather low opinion.”
“Well, there’s nothing wrong with being self-critical—when you’re learning,” she countered. The fact that the pair wasn’t actively dueling for art world recognition certainly took some of the pressure off. “I could feel competitive with other people,” Sally added, “but I don’t think I ever felt competitive with Peter. Not at all, really.”
“That would be kind of self-defeating, if you’re married,” he agreed. “It would be sort of a problem.”
Gallerist Gwenolee Zürcher concurred. In 2014, Peter curated a massive group show at her New York space entitled “If You’re Accidentally Not Included, Don’t Worry About It.” He included some of Sally’s ceramics in the mix; it was one of the first times she showed her work in the city.
“Peter and Sally’s relationship is pretty unique, based on mutual love, sharing the same ideas and wishes,” Zürcher said. “I’ve known several artist-couples. I was close to
Joan Mitchell, who lived with Jean-Paul Riopelle for 25 years. Their relationship was extremely intense; it was based on competition. They were fighting all the time.…Any durable relationship should be based on mutual respect and admiration.”
“Sally and Peter’s support of each other doesn’t feel forced or strategic at all,” said Rachel Uffner, the New York gallerist who currently represents Sally. “They’re not promoting each other’s work, they just enjoy each other’s work—and they obviously enjoy each other.”
You don’t have to share the same exact taste
Part of the joy of being in a couple is getting to experience the things you enjoy in common. But that can also lead to friction. The Sauls are fortunate to have a fairly simpatico affection for art that is grotesque, comic, absurd, and in-your-face; they co-curated a massive group show entitled “Out of Control,” on view at Venus in New York through August 10th, featuring a sprawling assortment of work by friends and peers like Erik Parker, Joe Bradley, Dana Schutz, and Arlene Shechet.
“Peter and Sally see more art and visit more galleries than most people,” said Anna Christina Furney, a partner at the gallery. “When one takes an interest in an artist or object, the other is so enthused and eager to see it themselves. There is this wonderful mutual respect and curiosity that exists in the way they pursue art—it is rare and special and a rapport that is exclusively theirs.”
But that doesn’t mean they agree on everything. “Certain things I have an interest in that Sally is absolutely not interested in,” Peter admitted, nodding to TV shows like Lockup: Raw, a documentary series about prison life. “I definitely show an interest in ghastly doings that Sally doesn’t. However, I follow Sally’s interest in Pride and Prejudice and many 19th-century things that I also enjoy.” (Peter also acknowledged a passion, now lapsed, for People magazine. “I gave up on it because it’s not hot enough,” he said. “I wanted to find out the ghastly doings of the celebrities, none of whom I actually know the names of or who the hell they are. But it’s all sanitized.”)
Meanwhile, Sally is slowly filling in the gaps in Peter’s knowledge of literary classics. She’ll read aloud to him before bed. They’ve made it through Huckleberry Finn, The Grapes of Wrath, Frankenstein, and others. “The current one, Steinbeck, we’re not enjoying too much,” Peter noted. “East of Eden. It’s a yawner, a little bit.”
And if they get tired of the English-language canon, the Sauls have a shared love for the (seemingly endless) “My Struggle” series, the autobiographical doorstops by Norwegian writer Karl Ove Knausgaard.
Find the right long-term home
Ask any relationship counselor what couples tend to fight about, and certain things will top the list—major existential questions about where to live, or how to spend and save money. Here again, the Sauls are unique: Peter said he’s grateful to have “done nothing but art or teach” since 1959. “Sally’s just very recently started making money off art,” Peter added. “We’ve been very comfortable up to now, and Sally is adding to it.”
Still, they’re not extravagant. “We’re conservative like crazy,” Peter said, somewhat counterintuitively. Sally quickly added, “But on the other hand, we enjoy life, too.”
These days, the Sauls are permanently based in Germantown, a two-hour drive from Manhattan. That’s enabled them to enjoy a lifestyle that would be fairly unfeasible in the city. Their daily routine—which involves a commute of mere meters between their house and studio—begins with breakfast on the porch and a shared newspaper.
Peter cooks. Sally washes the dishes. She also handles a larger share of their joint administrative work in the morning. “Sally likes the email more than I do,” Peter admitted. “She’s more modern.” Both artists will then dedicate the bulk of their day to the studio, where they each have their own floor. While they’re waiting for inspiration to strike, the countryside also offers its fair share of mundane but necessary tasks. “I do the weeding,” Sally clarified. “And for a while, we trapped woodchucks regularly.” (The secret: cantaloupe bait and Havahart’s humane traps.)
Living outside of the city provides peace and quiet, but it can also have its downsides. “I really like being able to come to the city, because otherwise, after a while, you kind of forget who you are upstate,” Sally said.
The Sauls aren’t completely removed from the New York art world, of course—they count artists like Jeffrey Gibson and gallerists like Alexander Grey and the Levai family, as upstate neighbors. But they still value the opportunities to spend time back in the city. Their complementary temperaments balance one another nicely. Peter is more reserved, less inclined to socialize: “I’m an isolated person,” he said. Sally, meanwhile, seems to be the one who might suggest the couple should make it out to openings in Chelsea, the Lower East Side, or Brooklyn. “I grew up in the countryside outside of Ithaca, the Finger Lakes,” she surmised, “and so I’ve always had this longing to be where the excitement was.”
“Sally has wanted to go out to openings much more than me,” Peter said. “So we go out to these places—during the last 18 years of living in the New York area—and I think it’s been very, very helpful to our art careers, because I didn’t understand how the art world worked at all. We realize now that because we show up, thanks to Sally, people know us a bit more. They see that we’re nice, we’re not horrible. You know?”
Be critical, but open-minded, about your partner’s work
If you share your life with someone, it stands to reason that you’ll also share your unfiltered, honest opinions. But how much should two artists in a relationship counsel each other about the work that they’re making?
Peter and Sally seem to take a fairly hands-off approach in terms of mutual criticism, with some exceptions. “Peter’s very supportive,” Sally said. “I don’t think he’s ever super critical. He has good, very specific formal suggestions sometimes.”
Sally, meanwhile, certainly feels comfortable venturing into Peter’s floor of the studio to offer her own critiques. But she counsels against making definitive statements; just because your partner’s latest work might not make sense to you now, it doesn’t mean that you should tell him or her to abandon an experimental effort.
“Over time, your opinion can change,” she said. “I’ve seen it with Peter’s work over the years, how acceptance or lack of acceptance changes. Something that he made years ago that was just considered awful is now perfectly acceptable. You have to be a little careful.”
And, of course, it always helps to have confidence, and a slightly thick skin. “Other people’s opinions have never been a big deal in my life,” Peter said. “I’m sort of self-contained.”
Protect your relationship from the world’s daily chaos
“Sally’s more worried about the future than I am,” Peter said, though no one would mistake him for an artist who thinks the world is in particularly good shape. Over the decades, he has expertly skewered politics, depicting Ronald Reagan as a sort of intestinal snake, or the war in Vietnam as a luridly grotesque horror show. As for the current occupant of the White House: “I’m finished with Trump,” Peter asserted. “I painted him five times, and that’s it. I’m not thinking about it anymore. It doesn’t interest me to have that situation in my head. I want somebody new—I’d like to be mad at somebody else.”
In the meantime, the couple has found uplift in an unlikely source: the recent acclaimed documentary about Mr. Rogers, Won’t You Be My Neighbor? “He says, at some point: ‘Love is at the root of everything,’” Sally recalled. “‘All learning, all relationships—love, or the lack of it.’ I realized how important he was in terms of how he could talk to children. It’s an extraordinary person who can do that, really, as he did.”
Remember that kids can change the equation
Speaking of children: Peter and Sally raised a daughter together; her toddler years were spent in Austin, Texas. As for how kids would impact their respective careers: “I don’t think we thought about this very closely” at the time, Sally said, “which is one reason I’d recommend doing so.”
While their homebase in upstate New York might suit the Sauls’ current needs, Sally cherished the amenities for tots that a more urban setting provided. “Living in a place with plenty of resources for kids is a big help,” she said. “Austin turned out to be such a place—many parks, for example, with pools. We walked to our neighborhood park almost every day.” Other benefits included a small theater that put on magic acts and performances for kids; swim classes and the U.T. String Project at the University of Texas; art classes offered through the local museum; and a nature program through Parks and Recreation. “I feel as if I had a second childhood!” Sally said.
Artmaking isn’t always the most stable vocation, and kids aren’t cheap. But artists considering having children also shouldn’t be too discouraged by the costs of bringing another human being into the world. Imagination, after all, is invaluable—and totally free. Peter recalled an ongoing game he would play with his daughter involving a small colony of 17 Barbie dolls and a telenovela’s worth of drama. “We had a town full of jealousies, fights, betrayals, and friendships,” he said, “and then we let the cat—as a wild animal—attack them. We had the whole range of human emotion, and I had as much fun doing this as our daughter.”
Remember what actually matters
Peter and Sally are both intensely passionate about the art they make, but they haven’t lost sight of what truly endures. “Enjoy yourselves,” Peter said, when asked to counsel a hypothetical duo of artists-in-love. “Don’t worry about money and art appreciation any more than you absolutely have to. Art is not a ‘job.’”
In the end, a man who draws the Mona Lisa throwing up macaroni can find his creative soulmate in a woman prone to sculpting anxiously yearning humans or happy beavers with nine teats. But ultimately, a relationship is built on true connection, not just the fortunate sharing of eccentric tastes.
Art world fame is fleeting—love is built to last. “My idea is, I want to have a wonderful relationship with a beautiful woman,” Peter concluded, with refreshing honesty. “This isn’t art-based, really. It’s passion-based.”
View on Artsy
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About Victoria James
Victoria James was born in London (UK) in 1974. She grew up and developed her artistic career in Switzerland and now splits her time between the United States of America and Europe. Her passion for expressing herself through imagery started as a child through drawing and painting. She majored in Art for her international baccalaureate and got offered a place at Chelsea College of Art and Design, London. There she obtained a degree in Fine Art sculpture and started out as a sculptress and installation artist in her early twenties. She went back to her initial love of painting and drawing six years ago. She has spent the last years studying and applying classical rules of palette and golden ratio composition. She is particularly interested today in using both of the latter as the structural basis to her work as well as her love of writing which she weaves into the layers of her paintings.
Victoria’s unique style of image-making was forged over the years of her practice. Motivated by her inherent sensitivity and desire to find ways to express herself through imagery without the need for words, her work has continued to evolve over the span of her career. As with her earlier sculptural work, Victoria’s paintings are dramatic and demand engagement. Through her individual form of visual language, she aims to communicate with the individuality of her public. Her paintings and drawings will echo the remnants of abstractly familiar scenes or lead us into unknown spaces of colour and discovery. Described in the artist’s own words, she creates “emotional landscapes left intentionally open to personal interpretation”.
She translates into imagery personal experiences and the experiences of those who surround her. She paints vibrant flowing pieces with sharp contrasts of light and darkness; bold colours and intense brushstrokes break the light creating beautiful effects. The influence of her sculptural background can be found through her use of texturing and layering. She uses these layers as much to create texture as to resonate interpretation deeper than surface level.
Victoria James has exhibited internationally in both solo and group shows, previously by her maiden name, Oldham. She is currently preparing for a series of exhibitions in the United States in which she will show her recent work.
Exhibitions Mentoring Press
© 2020, Victoria James.
No reproduction without written consent.
Website by Robert Rhead
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Lost Duluth Restaurants
Duffy’s Drive-In in Duluth’s Kenwood neighborhood. (Image: Greg Mattson)
Hundreds—perhaps thousands—of restaurants have come and gone in Duluth. We’d be remiss without mentioning at least a few.
Old postcards remind us of Duluth’s many eateries from the 1920s and 30s: the Atlas Tea Room at 124 East First Street, Lake View Tea and Dining Room at 728 East Superior Street, Jack’s Café at 220 East Superior Street (now the Zeitgeist Arts Café and once the Red Lion Lounge) was originally built in 1910 as the Albert Salter Saloon. Known as “a popular place for women, especially, to have lunch and see and be seen,” the Greysolon Tea Room originally graced the Glass Block, but closed at that location in 1940 to create more retail space for the department store. It later opened in the Plaza Shopping Center and became the Dinner Belle.
Some in town may still remember Vivian Lee’s, housed in a barge on Connie’s Landing in Riverside, or Diamond’s Pool Hall and Luncheonette above Woolworths on Superior Street. A big favorite for many years was the Captain’s Table Café in the Medical Arts Building, a buffet-style eatery with a nautical theme (including a parrot named “Amigo”) that closed in 1972. It was the Miller Café until 1959, a direct descendant of the Miller Cafeteria J. W. Miller founded back in 1887 and run by his family until 1953 when Jack and Shirley Garber purchased it. A 1959 remodeling inspired the name change.
London Road in the 1960s and ’70s offered a line of locally-owned eateries along its “Motel Row”: Sandy’s at 1515 London Road, (there was also a Sandy’s in the Denfeld neighborhood), Henry’s Hamburgers at Twenty-Sixth Avenue East (and in the West End at Twenty-Third Avenue West) sold fifteen-cent burgers in 1961, and the London Inn on the northeast corner at Seventeenth Avenue East was famous for its onion rings. London Road also included two franchise exceptions: a Dairy Queen and a beloved A & W franchise. The Lemon Drop on a hill at 2631 London Road lasted until 1988. Its name lives on through Duluth’s Grandma’s Marathon, as “Lemon Drop Hill” is the race’s toughest portion. More recently London Road lost Louie’s Café, which specialized in Greek cuisine and pancakes in the former Orchard Pie Shop location.
The Kenwood community was served by Duffy’s Drive-In on Cleveland Street, popular for its broasted chicken. And before Canal Park Business District filled with upscale restaurants and luxury hotels it was home to King Leo’s, another hamburger stand famous for its onion rings. King Leo’s later became the Canal Park Inn, where tourists bought French fries and then fed them to seagulls, annoying the locals. It later became a Burger King, which was demolished for a hotel.
Since 1980 Duluth has seen the demise of many long-standing restaurants, including downtown’s Jolly Fisher, which specialized in seafood, and Natchio’s, which served up Greek cuisine (and, on Saturday nights, belly dancers). West Duluth lost two great Grand Avenue diners with the closings of Ketola’s Kafé and Joyce’s Kitchen (both joining Morrie’s at 5434 Grand Avenue, which had closed many years before they had). The Hillside’s Fourth Street lost Jim’s Hamburgers (another Jim’s in the West End closed in 2012) and the House of Donuts, once popular not only with locals during the day but also with college students very late at night — and very early in the morning. On top of the hill the Buena Vista, with its Sunday brunch and the best view in town, came down for a condominium development.
The last historic restaurant standing is The Pickwick, which began life as the Fitger’s Brewery Saloon in 1915 and takes its name from a near beer Fitger’s sold during Prohibition. The Wisocki family, owners since 1918, sold the restaurant in 2010.
From Lost Duluth: Landmarks, Industries, Buildings, Homes and the Neighborhoods in Which They Stood by Tony Dierckins and Maryanne C. Norton (Zenith City Press, 2012), featuring over 400 historic photos, illustrations, and lithographs. Click on the cover to preview the book.
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ARMY NEW 6.8 MM ROUND BECOMING REALITY
by Donald Sullivan | Apr 21, 2019 | 6.8mm | 0 comments
Just as I was beginning think 6.5 Creedmoor would possibly be the next new United States Army caliber for troops the choice was made to adopt a 6.8mm projectile. Now before 6.8 SPC fans get all excited the evidence points to possibly a brand new caliber and even possibly a new type of ammo. It also appears that the weapon will share some common designs and parts as the AR-15/M4 but it won’t be an M4.
I have a few ideas of what might come or what I would like to see but what the heck do I know. Anyhow read below and check back regularly as I will continue to add to this page.
LAKE CITY ARMY AMMUNITION PLANT PREPARES FOR NEW 6.8 mm ROUND
The Army’s plan to adopt a 6.8 mm round includes building a new manufacturing facility at the Lake City Army Ammunition Plant in Missouri.
Whitney Watson, senior manager of communications of Northrop Grumman’s small caliber systems division, said his company operates the Lake City plant, which is government-owned and contractor-operated, for the Army. The plant produces about 90 percent of the Defense Department’s small caliber ammunition, such as 5.56 mm and 7.62 mm bullets, he said.
“We produce about one and a half billion rounds a year” for the Army, Navy, Air Force and Marines, as well as the FBI, CIA and Drug Enforcement Agency, he added.
The Army is pursuing a 6.8 mm round for its next-generation squad weapon, which will be designed to work in close-, medium- and long-range battles. The service examined multiple calibers and considered different weapon lengths for the new firearm.
“The bottom line is it’s about overmatch,” Watson said. “Our adversaries are building better body armor, and so the Army wanted something — an intermediate round — between that 5.56 mm and the 7.62 mm” it currently uses.
The new ammunition will be produced at Lake City after the Army finalizes the weapon, develops the new round and builds a new production facility, he said.
The Army Corps of Engineers has been soliciting for an architect and engineering firm, and design task orders are slated to be awarded by the end of the summer. Following the awards, the service will begin determining the size and scope of the new facility, he noted.
The new building will be the first new manufacturing facility Lake City has constructed in 50 years, Watson added.
“We’ve been around since 1940 — [that] is when ground was broken — and the first rounds came off the line nine months later, Sept. 12th, 1941,” he said. “There’s definitely a storied history here at Lake City.”
Construction of the building is expected to begin in the next two to three years, and production of the new round will start in about three or four years, he noted. Source: National Defense
TEXTRON SYSTEMS DELIVERS NEXT-GENERATION SQUAD WEAPON TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATOR
Prototype Based on Proven Cased-Telescoped Weapons and Ammunition Technology
HUNT VALLEY, Md. — MARCH 25, 2019 — Textron Systems, a business of Textron Inc. (NYSE: TXT), announced today that it delivered the initial Next Generation Squad Weapon-Technology (NGSW-T) prototype demonstrator to the U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command (CCDC) Armaments Center and Joint Services Small Arms Program (JSSAP). The automatic rifle prototype, based on the company’s proven Cased-Telescoped (CT) Weapons and Ammunition technology, is the first of five weapon demonstrators that Textron Systems will deliver for the program.
“Moving from contract award to delivery of a revolutionary, next-generation weapon in just 15 months not only demonstrates the maturity of our CT technology, but also the project execution excellence our team possesses to rapidly fill critical warfighter needs on schedule,” said Textron Systems Senior Vice President of Applied Technologies & Advanced Programs Wayne Prender. “Our CT weapons and ammunition offer the growth path to a true next-generation small arms weapon for U.S. warfighters, including increased lethality at longer ranges, while also delivering significant weight reductions to the warfighter.”
Technologies demonstrated by Textron Systems under the NGSW-T effort will inform the Army’s formal NGSW program and include weapon and ammunition weight reduction, weapon sound suppression, as well as fire control integration technology.
In 2018, Textron Systems also received a separate contract from the U.S. Army to develop a prototype weapon for the Next Generation Squad Automatic Rifle- Prototype Opportunity Notice (NGSAR-PON) program and remains on track to demonstrate the weapon in June 2019.
In development since 2004, Textron Systems’ CT weapons and ammunition offer an innovative weapon design that increases lethality and reduces total system weight by up to 40 percent. Textron Systems has developed rifles, including automatic rifles, in a variety of configurations and calibers, including 5.56mm, 6.5mm, and 7.62mm, and is supporting the Army’s current efforts to revolutionize its small arms capability.
About Textron Systems
Textron Systems is a world leader in unmanned air, surface and land products, services and support for aerospace and defense customers. Harnessing agility and a broad base of expertise, Textron Systems’ innovative businesses design, manufacture, field and support comprehensive solutions that expand customer capabilities and deliver value. For more information, visit www.textronsystems.com.
About Textron Inc.
Textron Inc. is a multi-industry company that leverages its global network of aircraft, defense, industrial and finance businesses to provide customers with innovative solutions and services. Textron is known around the world for its powerful brands such as Bell, Cessna, Beechcraft, Hawker, Jacobsen, Kautex, Lycoming, E-Z-GO, Greenlee, Arctic Cat, Textron Systems, and TRU Simulation + Training. For more information, visit: www.textron.com.
Certain statements in this press release may project revenues or describe strategies, goals, outlook or other non-historical matters; these forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made, and we undertake no obligation to update them. These statements are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors that may cause our actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements.
Effort sponsored by the U.S. Government under Other Transaction number W15QKN-14-9-1001 between the National Warheads and Energetics Consortium and the Government. The US Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Governmental purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation thereon.”
The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Government.
Textron Systems Public Relations Team
PublicRelations@textronsystems.com
This Gun Paired With New 6.8mm Ammunition Could Be The Army’s Next Standard Issue Rifle
Textron says it has delivered the first prototype of what could be the U.S. Army’s next standard-issue rifle, which will replace its M4 carbines, for testing. The company also says its design could be a springboard for more advanced small arms developments in the future.
The Rhode-island headquartered defense contractor’s AAI Corporation subsidiary is the one in charge of the conglomerate’s submission for what Army refers formally as the Next Generation Squad Weapons program (NGSW). This effort includes plans for a new infantry rifle to take the place of the M4, or NGSW-R, and an automatic rifle replacement for the M249 Squad Automatic Weapon (SAW), known as the NGSW-AR.
AAI’s delivery, which Textron announced on Mar. 25, 2019, is a technology demonstrator, known as the NGSW-Technology, or NGSW-T. It is the first of five guns that it will eventually supply to the Army as part of this initial phase of the NGSW-R competition. The service’s latest budget request for the 2020 Fiscal Year asks for more than $30 million to support the ongoing research and development.
We don’t know exactly what AAI’s design looks like, but an official press release stated that it leverages nearly 15 years of the company’s work on advanced small arms using what is known as cased-telescoped (CT) ammunition. In a traditional small arms cartridge, the bullet itself sits in place at the top of a metallic case filled with gunpowder. CT ammunition nestles the bullet inside the case with the gunpowder, shortening its overall length, which in turn allows for the length of the overall weapon to be more compact. It also makes the rounds themselves more compact, reducing the physical space required to store it, in magazines or elsewhere, reducing the burdens on troops and logistical chains.
However, the Army’s NGSW requirements call for any submissions to use a special 6.8mm cartridge, known as the XM1186, which has a traditional configuration. This new round promises to have better range, improved accuracy at longer distances, and greater armor penetration capability over the existing 5.56x45mm ammunition the service uses now. The Army’s 2020 Fiscal Year budget request says the service is also developing a “special purpose” variant of the 6.8mm round, known as the XM1184, but does not explain how the two cartridges differ.
AAI publicly unveiled a CT rifle design in 2018, which would be the obvious starting place for its gun chambered in the Army’s desired 6.8mm ammunition. The existing weapon has a general shape very similar to the service’s existing M4 carbine and features many of the same controls as other AR-15/M16-series firearms and derivatives, including the fire control selector and t-shaped charging handle.
This general commonality with the Army’s existing standard issue weapon could make it particularly attractive. Any time a major U.S. military service adopts a new rifle, it’s not only a major logistical undertaking, but one that puts significant strains on training, as well.
If what is known as the manual of arms – the typical actions associated with operating the gun, such as firing it, using its various controls, and clearing jams – between the M4 and whatever the Army adopts next remain largely the same, it would make it infinitely easier to integrate it into basic training and transition existing units to the new guns. The service says the new rifles will also feature standard rail accessories attachment points, allowing personnel to use existing lights, visible and infrared laser pointers, vertical forward grips, and other add-ons.
here is also a requirement for the guns to be able to accept a suppressor, something typically associated with special operations forces that is now looking to become more of a standard issue item for regular combat units. Suppressors, which help eliminate muzzle flash and reduce the sound of firing, can help conceal friendly forces from the enemy, especially at night, and help reduce the overall din of battle, making it easier for troops to communicate. “It’s [6.8mm] a higher caliber and a louder system, so the suppressor will help operationally,” Arthur Fiorellini, the NGSW program team leader at the Army’s Armament Research, Development and Engineering Center, told Task & Purpose in February 2019.
The Army is looking to add more complex technologies to the future, too. The most significant of these proposals is to develop a miniaturized ballistic computer, or a similar aid, to help soldiers quickly and accuracy engage their targets, even at extended ranges.
AAI is certainly hoping that its previous experience and work directly with the Army in the past will give it a leg up in the competition, as well. Over the past 14 years, the firm has supplied a number of prototype squad automatic weapon demonstrators, using both CT and completely caseless ammunition, to the service for testing.
The service seems inclined to agree. In 2018, it rated the company’s submission for the automatic rifle component, then known as the Next Generation Squad Automatic Rifle (NGSAR), as exceeding its demands both in terms of general concept and feasibility. None of the other entrants – General Dynamics, FN, PCP Tactical, and Sig Sauer – received this rating.
AAI remains separately in the running for the revised NGSW-AR program, which will also fire the Army’s 6.8mm ammunition. The company’s pitch also seems to include a roadmap to potentially transitioning to CT ammunition, or maybe even caseless ammunition, at some point in the future.
“Moving from contract award to delivery of a revolutionary, next-generation weapon in just 15 months not only demonstrates the maturity of our CT technology, but also the project execution excellence our team possesses to rapidly fill critical warfighter needs on schedule,” Textron Systems Senior Vice President of Applied Technologies & Advanced Programs Wayne Prender said in a press release on Mar. 25, 2019. “Our CT weapons and ammunition offer the growth path to a true next-generation small arms weapon for U.S. warfighters, including increased lethality at longer ranges, while also delivering significant weight reductions to the warfighter.”
AAI’s existing CT ammunition design is not only shorter, but it also uses a polymer case. This means that in addition to its compact physical shape, it is also lighter weight compared to metal-cased ammunition.
he scope of the NGSW program can only produce stiff competition for AAI, though. The prospect of winning contracts to replace hundreds of thousands of rifles across the US Army is too lucrative for most established firearms companies to pass up. If the longevity of the AR-15/M16 family in U.S. military service is any indication, it could set up the winner for years of support contracts, as well. Other services, such as the Marine Corps, could end up under pressure to adopt the new guns, too.
Sig Sauer is preparing to submit a version of its increasingly popular MCX line, derived from the AR-15/M16 family, if it hasn’t already. The other entrants in the automatic rifle portion of NGSW program are no doubt crafting complimentary infantry rifle designs.
These could come along with other novel ammunition concepts, as well. The Army is asking individual competitors to supply their own 6.8mm ammunition, as well as candidate guns. For instance, Sig Sauer has already shown a hybrid case design with a brass body on top of what could be a steel base, to reduce weight and cost. PCP Tactical, which has still yet to publicly show its prospective designs for either the infantry rifle or automatic rifle components of the NGSW program, is better known for producing lightweight polymer-cased ammunition rather than firearms, too.
It’s also worth noting that this isn’t the first time the Army has sought to adopt a new standard infantry weapon in an improved caliber. This is a saga that has been going on for more than a decade, which you can read about in more detail here.
Still, the service’s current leadership is adamant about modernizing and improving the lethality of its forces across the board, moving away from updating existing systems to fielding new ones. NGSW is very in line with this general thinking and the Army has an aggressive timetable in mind for fielding both the new infantry rifles and automatic rifles, with a goal of equipping the first unit with the new weapons by 2022.
With testing set to begin this year on all of the technology demonstrator prototypes, we may not have to wait long to see which designs the Army sees as leading contenders to become its next standard-issue rifle.
Source:Unknown
Links To Other 6.5 Creedmoor Content
Wilson Combat Super Sniper 6.5 Creedmoor | Wilson Combat Recon Tactical 6.5 Creedmoor | Aero Precision 6.5 Creedmoor M5E1 | 6.5 Creedmoor Long Range Precision AR Sniper Rifle Build Guide | 6.5 Creedmoor AR The most Accurate AR Caliber |
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Not-so-successful transition from web to print: Josh Tierney’s Spera →
R.I.P. The New 52: a look back at Justice League Dark
Posted: August 31, 2015 | Author: Martin de la Iglesia | Filed under: review | Tags: comics, DC, J. M. DeMatteis, Jeff Lemire, Justice League Dark, Mikel Janin, Peter Milligan, publishing, superheroes, The New 52, US |1 Comment
Almost exactly four years ago, DC Comics cancelled all their monthly comic book series, just to relaunch most of them again as ‘The New 52’. I hesitate to call this a proper reboot, for reasons I have discussed here before. Anyway, now (in May/June) they have done the same thing once again, at last dropping the ‘New 52’ label: approximately half of the monthly series was cancelled, while the other half was renumbered to #1.
Several other weblogs have taken a look back at the 3 1/2 years of The New 52, among which I particularly recommend Steve Foxe’s “In Loving Memory: All 68 DC Comics That Have Come and Gone Within the New 52” at Paste. The general consensus seems to be that The New 52 was a bold marketing decision that may have made sense commercially, but in terms of the quality of the actual comics, not much really stood out.
If I get Foxe right, 93 ongoing series had been launched at some point during The New 52. Out of these, 25 have been relaunched and continued to the present day, while approximately 47 were cancelled already before this latest relaunch (i.e. after the ‘Convergence’ crossover event). The former consist of mainstays such as Batman and Action Comics, while among the latter we find mainly obscure oddities that were probably doomed from their very beginning, e.g. G.I. Combat or All-Star Western.
This leaves us with ~21 titles that sit in the middle, having made it to their 40th issue, but not being continued in this new iteration of the DC comics line. From a commercial perspective, these comic books seem to have ultimately failed too. But wasn’t there something in them that might be worth remembering? Didn’t all the effort that creators put into them amount to more than a mere footnote in the history of American superhero comics?
With this question in mind I re-read all 40 issues (plus Annuals and the like) of Justice League Dark, the only New 52 series I happened to have collected from start to finish. (More precisely, I started from #9, then got the first trade paperback and #7-8 later.) Instead of summarising the story, I picked the following 20 most memorable moments in Justice League Dark, in chronological order of publishing, to show that this series (and probably others with mediocre sales performances) might deserve a second look.
1. JLD #1 The very first issue (by Peter Milligan (w) / Mikel Janin (a) / Ulises Arreola (c)) is already full of brilliant ideas. Take the opening page, for instance: Madame Xanadu sits there and seems to look at the reader, while her tarot cards float around the room, some of them face-up towards the picture surface for the reader to see. (This is a composition that refers to earlier ones, two of them pictured in the Madame Xanadu Wikipedia Article.) The tarot cards show who be the protagonists of this first story will be: Deadman, Enchantress, Mindwarp (who actually turns out to not play much of a role), Constantine, June Moone, and Zatanna. The cards are labeled with the traditional tarot card names – ‘The Magician’, ‘The Fool’, ‘Death’, etc. What better way to start a story? You could even argue that the cards are on a different diegetic level and only there for the reader – after all, why and how would Madame Xanadu make such a tarot deck? Then again, the cards are shown several more times in the story and seen by other characters too.
2. JLD #1 Peter Milligan lend a dark sense of humour to his stories that neither Jeff Lemire nor J. M. DeMatteis, Milligan’s successors as writer of the book, ever accomplished. In this issue, supernatural phenomena suddenly occur, most of them only briefly told in one panel. My favourite one has the following caption text: “In a neighboring town, a shower of books in a dead language kill six people.” Get it? “Dead”? “Kill”?
3. JLD #1 Generally, Peter Milligan’s version of the Justice League Dark was much darker than that of the writers that followed. Almost all of our ‘heroes’ are shown to have a dark side. Madame Xanadu, for instance – otherwise a rather bland character – is shown to be addicted to some kind of drug. “How much of this stuff are you doing?”, she is asked by Shade, holding a phial in his hand.
4. JLD #2 In the first few issues, Milligan needs to introduce a lot of characters, and he does a brilliant job of it when it comes to Deadman. Deadman is a ghost, and the only way he can touch and be touched is to possess a living person. Things get awkward when he wants to do that to sleep with his girlfriend, who is not so keen (“You’re asking me to sleep with another man”).
5. JLD #5 What all JLD writers emphasise is that the JLD is quite a fragile superhero team. Consequently, the first break-up of the JLD already happens in the fifth issue (and it’s not going to be the last). “I’m going, and I don’t ever want to see any of you again”, says Constantine.
6. JLD #8 John Constantine and his irreverent attitude has been the biggest draw of this book for me. Madame Xanadu: “My ‘project’ didn’t last as long as I’d hoped, but… but I truly believe… that is has been worthwhile.” – Constantine: “Worthwhile my jacksey. We might as well all have stayed home and got pissed.” (Jeff Lemire came up with some good Constantine one-liners too when he took over in #9 – Steve Trevor: “Around ARGUS we’ve even taken to nicknaming you the ‘Justice League Dark.'” – Constantine: “That is the stupidest name I’ve ever heard.”)
7. JLD #9 Jeff Lemire’s first JLD issue is generally another apex of the series. There’s an ingenious example of medium specificity in the scene in which Constantine wakes up with a “truly epic hangover”. A voice says to him, “We need to talk.”, and Constantine answers, “You didn’t spend the night, did you, sunshine? I mean, I was drunk, but I don’t think I was that drunk…” Perhaps it needs to be mentioned that in this series, Constantine is not written as bisexual, so the reader might expect he is talking to a woman. On the next page, the person turns out to be Agent Steve Trevor, who visits Constantine strictly on JLD business. If this was a film, it wouldn’t be half as unexpected, because Trevor’s voice would be recognisable as a male one.
8. JLD #9 Another brilliant display of medium specificity are the gutters between the panels in the same issue: when the JLD enter an ancient Peruvian temple, the gutters are shaped like spiderwebs. This is a kind of foreshadowing, because not until the next page, spiders (well, human/spider monsters) actually appear.
9. JLD #10 A trio of villains, the “Demons Three”, are introduced on a splash page. The way in which they are presented is charmingly old-school: facing the reader, delivering a short monologue, speaking in custom lettering. Throughout the series, beautifully designed villains are depicted in this way, most notably “Black Boris” and “Blackbriar Thorn” in #12, “Blight” in #27, and “The Between” in #32. This ‘Monster of the Week’ pattern, however, becomes tiresome at some point and brings us such underwhelming villains as “Pantheon”, “Pralayah”, and “The Beyond Beyond”.
10. JLD #12 Some more medium specificity: when Doctor Mist says to Zatanna, “I will deflect your backwards magic right back at you”, he turns her speech bubble with backwards speech into a sound effect (in which the letters appear in normal order) which he throws at her.
11. JLD #0 Each New 52 series got a ‘Zero Issue’ in which the origin story was told (similar to the later Secret Origins series, but tied to comic books rather than individual characters). A charming detail of this one (still written by Jeff Lemire, but pencilled by Lee Garbett) is that we get to see how Constantine got his iconic trench coat.
12. JLD Annual #1 Lemire’s story is hopelessly convoluted, but it’s a nice twist when the villain, Nick Necro, tells Zatanna that it was him who formed the JLD in the first place, in order to get the Books of Magic. “You weren’t so hard to get on the team, Zee, but can you imagine how difficult it was to convince anyone to put John Constantine onto a super hero team? I tell you, getting out of hell was easier.” Maybe a(nother) metatextual stab at the concept of the whole series?
13. JLD #14 When Black Orchid explores the House of Mystery (Constantine’s home), she stumbles upon a room in which Constantine keeps files on many superheroes, including Orchid herself. This is a much-needed recap of some of the things going on in the DC universe (in other books mostly). At the same time, it’s fun to see how close Constantine is to revealing the secret identities of Superman and Batman (which the reader is only able to tell through extra-textual information).
14. JLD #15 The JLD is teleported to some kind of magical counter-world in which the JLD members turn into their opposites: the immortal, ageless Madame Xanadu turns into an old woman, Deadman becomes alive again, and Constantine can’t tell lies anymore. The latter aspect becomes relevant for the overall story arc when we learn that Constantine’s feelings for Zatanna are apparently true.
15. JLD #24 J. M. DeMatteis takes over as the new JLD writer, and he takes Constantine on a “Magical Misery Tour” on which he confronts his inner (?) demons. A well-written exploration of Constantine’s character – although one could argue it’s a little out of place in a team book.
16. JLD #26 Swamp Thing has recently joined the JLD, and what I like best about him is when he transforms himself, e.g. grows wings. In this issue, he briefly turns into some sort of whale.
17. JLD #27 In order to defeat the villain Blight, who is the embodiment of evil, Constantine and Nightmare Nurse decide to fight fire with fire and invoke the “Blackmare Curse”. This spell “drills down into the deepest pits of the soul… unleashing all the darkness there”, which turns the two into fierce monsters. Naturally, the Curse works better the more corrupted and depraved its evocators are. Thus we are given another little piece of the puzzle that is the true nature of John Constantine’s character.
18. JLD Annual #2 Another interesting spell is the “K’Am’Deva Curse” with which Zatanna rips Constantine’s heart out of his chest so that he loses all feelings for her, and all memories of ever having loved her. The explanation why they do this is that the bond between them acts as a “magical battery” for some supervillains. At the end of the issue the two get separated when Zatanna is sucked into a “whirling hole in space and time” (#35). Things get awkward when they meet again in the final issue.
19. JLD #35 Zatanna emerges in another parallel world in which she meets her father, Zatara the magician, who was supposed to be long dead. Zatara tells her he had found a “doorway through time” through which he took his wife and little daughter with him and settled in a world were “thought itself would instantly become manifest reality” and “no one grows older”. Wait – his daughter? Zatanna realises there’s something not quite right about Zatara’s story… I won’t spoil the ending, but ultimately this story turns out to be a nice version of the old ‘dream within a dream’ theme. On the flipside, this is once again not much of a ‘team book’ story, and it’s too bad the book is no longer drawn by Mikel Janin at this point.
20. JLD #36 Towards the end of the series, an old villain returns: Felix Faust, the ancient sorcerer. Except he is in the shape of a monstrous caterpillar now. I like him best in the cover image (by Guillem March and Tomeu Morey), in which I only saw the caterpillar monster gripping the herous with its tentacles at first, and only later did I spot Faust’s tiny head at the end of the monster. This is probably one of the best JLD covers after Ryan Sook had stopped doing them (#14 was Sook’s last one, I think).
One Comment on “R.I.P. The New 52: a look back at Justice League Dark”
Judith Butler’s gender performativity – in comics? | The 650-Cent Plague says:
[…] This seems to be a crucial point that often gets overlooked: performative acts aren’t only ways of speaking, dressing and moving, but “the gendered body acts its part in a culturally restricted corporeal space”. While these corporeal restrictions can be overcome to some extent through clothes, make-up and surgery, it’s important to always consider physical attributes as potential acts of gender constitution. Comics might be interesting objects to analyse from this perspective because they’re good at rendering visual performance acts but not so great at depicting movement or sound (e.g. the tone of one’s voice – though this can be used for humorous effect, as I’ve noted here). […]
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Ural Thomas & The Pain
PREMIERE: Let joy soar with 80-year-old soul legend Ural Thomas & The Pain’s new 7″ “Vibrations”
By Nathan Leigh
It’s been 50 years since Ural Thomas was out opening for Otis Redding and the Rolling Stones, but he hasn’t lost an ounce of that fire. Disillusioned with the soulessness of the music industry, the soul singer retreated to Portland in the early 70’s, and began hosting weekly jam sessions. Over the past decade, these jam sessions evolved into an unexpected late-career resurgence with his new backing band The Pain. Despite pushing 80, Ural Thomas & The Pain show no sign of easing up with their latest single “Vibrations” b/w “My Sweet Rosie.”
“Good vibrations go a long way, and help to spread joy. The song meaning comes from being around wonderful people and that’s the message I am always trying to share”
The two tracks form the A and B sides of a forthcoming 7” and could easily have been cut 50 years ago. Ural Thomas and bandleader Scott Magee are careful to keep everything as authentic as possible, down to the imperfectly tuned piano. There’s an undeniable warmth coming off these songs, as Thomas builds a monument to joy. The A side is a tribute to being around positive people, while the singer describes his tribute to his wife “My Sweet Rosie” saying simply “well, that’s what she is!”
Ural Thomas & The Pain will be dropping their next full length in the fall. In the meantime, grab your copy of the 7” here: https://tenderlovingempire.com/products/ural-thomas-and-the-pain-vibrations
Words by Nathan Leigh
ALGIERS ‘THERE IS NO YEAR’ IS A GODDAMN MASTERPIECE
SON LITTLE PLEDGES TO “NEVE GIVE UP” ON INSPIRING NEW SONG
3 STEVES COLLAB ON THUNDERCAT’S “BLACK QUALLS”
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Welcome To The Nordic Oil & Gas HUB On AGORACOM
Edit this title from the Fast Facts Section
Nordic Oil & Gas Management
Donald Benson
Chairman, President & CEO
Mr. Benson has been President of Nordic Management Ltd. since 1982, President and Director of Desoto Resources Ltd. since 1996 and Chairman and CEO of Western Warner Oils Ltd., since 1989.
Barry Palka
Mr. Palka has been Secretary-Treasurer of Chayse Oils Inc. since 1998. From 1995 to 1998, he was Vice-President of Western Warner Oils Ltd.
Mr. Mann joined the Board in March 2002. He has been President of Michael Mann & Associates Limited since 1994, and has been actively engaged for many years in performing wellsite supervision for major oil companies.
Brahm Silverstone
Mr. Silverstone is a Calgary-based geophysicist with nearly 30 years' experience in the oil and gas industry. He has spent 9 years as President of his own Exploration Consulting firm
Kevin Strong
Kevin Strong, CGA, CAE, CIM is the former Manager of the Winnipeg Office of the TSX Venture Exchange. Mr. Strong, who holds a Bachelor of Commerce Degree (Hons) from the University of Manitoba, provides a range of financial services, along with regulatory guidance. He has over 11 years’ experience as a senior regional manager in the finance sector and has held leadership roles in diverse areas, including accounting, information technology, human resources, management, marketing, business development and public relations.
Keith Peterson
Secretary, Treasurer
Mr. Peterson has been Secretary-Treasurer of Nordic Management since 1989, and also serves as Secretary-Treasurer and a Director on the Board of Western Warner Oils Ltd.
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American Indian Policy Institute
Mission | Vision | Values
Entrepreneurship for American Indian Sustainability
Inno-Nations
About Inno-Nations
First Innovations Tribal Business Community Training
Legacy of ITCA
Tribal Indicators
Traci Morris, Ph.D.
Dr. Morris, the Director of the American Indian Policy (AIPI) Institute at Arizona State University is a member of the Chickasaw Nation of Oklahoma. Under her leadership, the AIPI has grown and diversified its service to Indian Country providing policy analysis, tribally driven research, and economic development capacity building and working with such Indian Country partners as NAFOA. In her work at both ASU and prior, Morris has worked with Native American nations; Tribal businesses; Native American non-profits; written a college-accredited curriculum; and has advocated for digital inclusion at the Federal Communications Commission and on Capitol Hill.
Morris’s research and publications on Native American media and the digital divide is focused on Internet use, digital inclusion, network neutrality, digital and new media curriculums, digital inclusion and development of broadband networks in Indian Country. Her book, Native American Voices: A Reader, continues to be a primary teaching tool in colleges throughout the country.
Dr. Morris is Affiliated Faculty at ASU's School for the Future of Innovation in Society, an Affiliate of ASU's Center for Gender Equity in Science and Technology, a member of the Advisory Board for the Department of Labor's Native American Employment and Training Council, President of the Board of the Phoenix Indian Center, and on the Advisory Council of the Association of Tribal Archives, Libraries, and Museums. Formerly, Morris served a two-year appointment (2014-2016 and 2010-2012) to the Federal Communications Commission's Consumer Advisory Committee.
As an entrepreneur prior to her ASU appointment, Morris founded Homahota Consulting LLC, a national Native American woman-owned professional services firm working in policy analysis, telecommunications, education, and research assisting tribes in their nation-building efforts and working with Native Nations, tribal businesses and those businesses working with tribes.
Morris has an M. A. and Ph.D. from the University of Arizona’s American Indian Studies, in addition to a B.A. in Liberal Arts from Colorado State University.
Pamela Lane Business
Operations & Administrative Support Services Manager
As Operations and Admin Support Services Manager for the American Indian Policy Institute, Pam is responsible for all AIPI Business operations, personnel, and financial administrative activity. Pamela has eighteen years of higher education experience including ASU Purchasing, the Hispanic Research Center, Housing, and Student Life. Pamela is an ASU alumna and has an M.A. from the College of Liberal Arts & Sciences in Liberal Studies and an undergraduate degree in Business Management/Administration from the University of Phoenix. She is community-oriented and enjoys the responsibilities of being an administrator at the American Indian Policy Institute. An Arizona native, Pamela lives in Ahwatukee, Arizona with her husband Kent and son Christopher.
Policy and Research Analyst
Brian Howard is a Research & Policy Analyst with the American Indian Policy Institute (AIPI) at Arizona State University. Prior to joining the AIPI team in November 2016, Brian served over five years as a Legislative Associate with the National Congress of American Indians in Washington, DC. Working on behalf of American Indian and Alaska Native tribal governments, Brian’s work included developing and advocating tribal policy initiatives in Congress and the Administration on issues such as Telecommunications, Government Contracting, and Cultural Protections (Sacred Places, Eagle Feather/Eagle Protections, NAGPRA, and Mascot issues). Brian’s work experience has included numerous D.C.-based research and policy internships, as well as with the New Mexico House of Representatives and the Gila River Indian Community Council’s Office.
Brian is on track for a 2020 graduation with an M.S. in Science and Technology Policy, he graduated from the University of New Mexico in 2009 with his Bachelor of Arts degree in Native American Studies focusing on Federal Indian Law and Policy with a minor in Political Science. He is Akimel O’odham, Tohono O’odham, and Pi-Pash, and an enrolled member of the Gila River Indian Community where he grew up in the Komatke District.
Mikhail Sundust
Policy Communications Coordinator
Mikhail Sundust is Akimel O'otham and Pee Posh from the Gila River Indian Community. As the Policy Communications Program Coordinator, he supports the American Indian Policy Institute's mission by engaging Native nations, building community partnerships, and inspiring future leaders.
Mikhail has a Masters Degree in Public Affairs from ASU's Watts College. He worked previously for the Town of Gilbert as an intern in the Town Manager's Office, where he conducted internal research to support management decisions regarding mission direction. Before that, he worked as a journalist for five years with the Gila River Indian News.
Coby Klar
Klar, a member of the United Houma Nation of Southern Louisiana is a second-year master's student in Arizona State University's American Indian Studies--Indigenous Rights and Social Justice program. Prior to ASU, he received his Bachelor's degree in Economics from Grinnell College in 2016. Klar also played baseball at Grinnell, where I lettered three times and was an academic all-conference his senior year.
In 2019, Klar spent the summer in Washington, D.C. interning with the National Congress of American Indians (NCAI). While at NCAI where much of his work centered around the organization's commitment to ending the era of harmful 'Indian' mascots. Upon completion of the internship window, NCAI asked him to stay on in a remote role, in which he continues to handle much of the day-to-day research and correspondence related to the mascot issue.
At AIPI, Klar sources, analyzes and summarizes daily Federal Register Notices to be used for AIPI monthly Policy Updates. Additionally, he is researching and writing policy briefs relating to new and existing policies that create opportunities for Tribal communities to bring about more social, cultural, and economic equity to their populations.
JoAnn di Filippo
JoAnn di Filippo currently serves as a Grant Writer for AIPI and formerly served as the Research Advancement Administrator. During the past 20 years, di Filippo has worked with American Indian tribes as a business and finance consultant and most recently held the position of Executive Director for the Tohono O’odham Ki:Ki Association (housing authority) located in Sells, Arizona.
Since 2002, di Filippo owned and operated JD & Associates, an Arizona-based consulting firm, responsible for securing over $42 million dollars for federally sponsored projects from the U.S. Departments of Justice/Community Capacity Development Office, Education, Health, HUD, Environmental Protection Agency, and Labor/Employment Training & Administration for community non-profits, Arizona border communities, tribal governments, and K-12 and institutions of higher education.
Prior to consulting, di Filippo served as an instructor at Pima Community College in Tucson, Arizona teaching American Indian Studies courses and grant-writing. While employed at the University of Arizona, she conducted workshops for graduate students and faculty in grant-writing and human subjects protections.
di Filippo holds an M.A. and Ph.D. from the University of Arizona in Comparative Cultural & Literary Studies, Federal Indian Law & Policy, with minors in Anthropology and Media Arts. Recently, she completed course work for an M.S. in Addiction Disorders from Grand Canyon University.
Eddie F. Brown (Retired)
Emeritus Executive Director of AIPI & retired professor of American Indian Studies
Dr. Eddie F. Brown has a unique administrative background in that he has worked at the highest administrative levels with federal, state, and tribal governments. He is the former Assistant Secretary of Indian Affairs, United States Department of Interior, Washington, DC (1988-1993). Served as Associate Dean and the Director of the Center for American Indian Studies at the George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri (1996- 2004); Executive Director of the Department of Human Services, Tohono O'odham Nation (1993-1996); Director of Arizona Department of Economic Security (1987-1989); and Chief of the Division of Social Services, Bureau of Indian Affairs, Washington, D.C. (1984-1986). Dr. Brown is the former Director of American Indian Studies and former Co-Executive Director of the American Indian Policy Institute at Arizona State University and serves as a member of the U.S. President's Board of Advisors on Tribal Colleges and Universities.
Dr. Brown has directed a variety of research and demonstration projects related to the impact of welfare reform on American Indian families and children, mental health assessment of American Indian youth, diabetes prevention in tribal communities, Title IV- Estate/tribal agreements, and state ICWA compliance issues, and is nationally recognized for his knowledge and skills in working with tribal governments and community programs.
He received his Bachelor of Science degree (1970) from Brigham Young University and his Masters (1972) and Doctorate (1975) in Social Work from the University of Utah. He is an enrolled member of the Pascua Yaqui Indian Tribe and affiliated with the Tohono O’odham Nation.
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Acino International AG announces new Chairman of the Board
Tuesday 26th March 2019
John Beighton
Zurich, March 26, 2019 – Acino International AG announced today the appointment of John Beighton as Chairman of the Board. He will join the Board as of March 26, 2019 and succeed Håkan Björklund, who has decided to step down.
Mr. Björklund joined the Acino Board as Chairman in December 2013 upon the company’s acquisition by Nordic Capital and Avista Capital, and its subsequent delisting from the Swiss stock market.
“On behalf of the board, I would like to thank Håkan for his many years of service, as well as his strategic insight and invaluable business experience”, said Olof Faxander, Vice-Chairman and Head of Operations with Nordic Capital.
John Beighton has been serving as interim Chief Executive Officer and Advisory Board Member for Zentiva. He has over 37 years’ experience in the healthcare industry and started his career with Smithkline Beecham. He is the former Chief Executive Officer of Mercury Pharma and managed the successful merger with Amdipharm to create AMCo. More recently he ensured a smooth transition of AMCo when it was acquired by Concordia. He holds a BSc in Biochemistry from the University of Manchester and is a British citizen.
“John’s extensive knowledge in generics and experience in working in private equity will be valuable assets to Acino, and we look forward to working with him to secure Acino’s future growth”, added Tom Dean, Board Member and Co-CEO of Avista Capital.
For all external enquiries please contact:
Sara Vermeulen-Anastasi
sara.vermeulen@acino.swiss
No other employee is authorized to make statements on behalf of Acino unless otherwise stated by official contacts
Interested in a challenging, rewarding role with Acino? Visit our Career page.
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Cinematic Love Story: A Review of La La Land
Current Events, TV/Film by Collected Contributor January 22, 2017 January 24, 2017
La La Land: the movie that reminded me why I fell in love with film in the first place. This cinematic masterpiece combines comedy, romance, and music in a way that will make you want to see it over, and over, and over again. I should know, I’ve seen it 4 times already.
La La Land tells the story of Mia (Emma Stone) and Sebastian (Ryan Gosling), two people just trying to make their dreams come true in sunny Los Angeles. Mia is a struggling actress, while Sebastian is a jazz pianist who longs to start his own jazz club. The two meet and begin a whirlwind romance surrounding each other and their journey to reaching their dreams.
First and foremost, let’s talk about the cinematography. I mean, hot damn. There were points in the film where I was not only captured by the storyline but simply by the shot and the lighting and the framing, really EVERYTHING about how the film looked. You can tell that detail was very important to the filmmakers and that if they were going to do the film, they were going to do it right. This dedication to quality cinema shines throughout the entire film, creating a perfect balance between vintage and modern.
via buzzhub.wordpress.com
In addition to the visuals, the music is obviously a core part of this movie. The songs and score for La La Land were composed and orchestrated by Justin Hurwitz (who also worked on Chazelle’s previous film, Whiplash). From up-beat tunes to moody ballads, the La La Land soundtrack ties into the story beautifully and will have you dancing in your seat. One of my favourite parts of the music in the film, is that is was repeats of the same song. For example, in a scene where a band is playing a song in the background, it was a re-composed version of a song sung in the beginning of the film. It’s small, it’s not that noticeable, but it adds a fluidity to the film that I definitely appreciated.
Ryan Gosling and Emma Stone are amazing in this, as they are in anything they do. I had to go rewatch Crazy Stupid Love just so I could appreciate all the Ryan/Emma films that we have been blessed with. The rehearsal process of this film was extensive, with dance lessons and piano lessons for Gosling. And he really learned the piano! All the scenes where he plays are long, one-shot scenes that prove there are not doubles and the acting was genuine. Stone also steals the show with her beautiful singing voice with Audition (Fools Who Dream).
My final thoughts? Go see this movie. Then go see it again. Then go see it again in IMAX. Then buy it in Blu-Ray. Become one with La La Land and let it take over your life. You can thank me later.
About the author: Katie is a makeup artist/blogger from the Great White North (AKA, good ol’ Canada). She spends her time creating YouTube videos, writing about anything that crosses her mind, and living vicariously through episodes How I Met Your Mother. You can check out her videos here. Or follow Katie on Twitter and at her Blog.
academy awardsacademy awards 2017best picture nomineecinemacollected contributoremma stonefilmfilm reviewfilm reviewsgolden globe winnerguest contributorkatie alaya greenla la landla la land reviewmusicaloscarsoscars 2017Ryan Gosling
On January 21st, Women March on Washington, Los Angeles, and a City Near You
The Flash Mid-Season 3 Recap
jasmineaisilinna on January 22, 2017 at 6:38 pm
I found this to be an extremely helpful and straightforward review. I thought that you gave real reasons that you liked the movie from it’s aesthetic value to the composition and orchestration of the songs.
The Academy Awards 2017: We’re Excited – The Collective
NerdlingTales on January 31, 2017 at 6:14 am
FINALLY got to go see this over the weekend and I fell in love with this movie. So great. Have been singing City of Stars constantly since.
A “Moonlight” Review: More Than Poor, Gay and Black – The Collective
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Podcast Book Review-The Pursuits of Lord Kit Cavanaugh by Stephanie Laurens
I received this book for free from Library in exchange for an honest review. This does not affect my opinion of the book or the content of my review.
The Pursuits of Lord Kit Cavanaugh by Stephanie Laurens
Series: The Cavanaughs #2
Published by Mira on April 30, 2019
Genres: Historical Romance, Regency Era, Mystery
Narrator: Justin Hill
Length: 11 Hours and 28 Mins
Format: Audiobook
Bold and clever, THE CAVANAUGHS are unlike any other family in early Victorian England. #1 New York Times bestselling author Stephanie Laurens continues to explore the enthralling world of these dynamic siblings in the eagerly anticipated second volume in her captivating series.
A Gentleman of Means
One of the most eligible bachelors in London, Lord Christopher “Kit” Cavanaugh has discovered his true path and it doesn’t include the expected society marriage. Kit is all business and has chosen the bustling port of Bristol to launch his passion—Cavanaugh Yachts.
A Woman of Character
Miss Sylvia Buckleberry’s passion is her school for impoverished children. When a new business venture forces the school out of its building, she must act quickly. But confronting Kit Cavanaugh is a daunting task made even more difficult by their first and only previous meeting, when, believing she’d never see him again, she’d treated him dismissively. Still, Sylvia is determined to be persuasive.
An Unstoppable Duo
But it quickly becomes clear there are others who want the school—and Cavanaugh Yachts—closed. Working side by side, Kit and Sylvia fight to secure her school and to expose the blackguard trying to sabotage his business. Yet an even more dastardly villain lurks, one who threatens the future both discover they now hold dear.
About Stephanie Laurens
Stephanie Laurens was born in Sri Lanka, which was at the time the British colony of Ceylon. When she was 5, her family moved to Melbourne, Australia, where she was raised. After continuing through school and earning a Ph.D. in Biochemistry in Australia, Stephanie and her husband moved to Great Britain, taking one of the last true overland journeys from Katmandu to London.
Once in London, Stephanie and her husband both began work as research scientists in Kent. They lived in an area surrounded by history. Their own cottage was built in the 16th century, while next door were the protected ruins of an early Roman villa, and nearby was a 14th century castle.
After four years in England, Stephanie and her husband returned to Australia, where she continued to work in cancer research, eventually heading her own research laboratory. One evening Stephanie realized that she did not have any more of her favorite romance novels to read. After years of thinking about writing her own novel, during nights and weekends for the next several months, she began crafting her own story. That manuscript, Tangled Reins, was the first of her books to be published. After achieving a level of success with her novels, Stephanie "retired" from scientific research and became a full-time novelist. Her novels are primarily historical romances set in the Regency time period.
Stephanie and her husband live on peaceful acreage on the outskirts of Melbourne. If she isn't writing, she's reading, and if she's not reading, she's tending her garden.
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Penn State » Ag Sciences » AESE » Extension and Outreach » ... » Intergenerational Contact Zones: A Compendium of Applications » Imagining a Bus Stop as an Intergenerational Contact Zone
Intergenerational Contact Zones: A Compendium of Applications
Imagining a Bus Stop as an Intergenerational Contact Zone
The Intergenerational Contact Zone (ICZ) concept could stimulate our imagination and creative efforts to bring new energy and activity into public spaces that tend to be non-interactive and somewhat lifeless, even bus stops.
This chapter looks at the Intergenerational Contact Zone (ICZ) framework as a way to transform not only spaces, but the human processes of creating those spaces as well. Inclusion and integration of different generations can be part of the purpose and, indeed, the fun of planning ICZs. Intergenerational collaborations allow a more innovative multi-perspective approach focused on creative potentials that goes beyond a framework based solely on assumed limitation. Thinking about ICZs encourages us to ask what a world and the built environments we move through might feel like to a seven year old child or an eighty-seven year old adult. What happens when these perspectives are brought together into a shared cognitive and communicative ecosystem (Hydén, 2014) like an ICZ? I suggest that ethnographic approaches may offer some insights for cultivating this multi-perspective approach.
As a cultural anthropologist specializing in aging societies and care of the elderly, I was immediately drawn to the ICZ project and the idea of translating notions of well-being, relationality, play, and community into real designs for living. Critics of the "aging-in-place" model of later life point out that simply staying put does not mean that one can retain a healthy sense of community, as people and environments are not bounded and static (Andrews, Evans, & Wiles, 2013). Connecting generations is potentially much more complex ( Hopkins & Pain, 2006 ), but the benefits to health and well-being are clear (Portacolone, 2015). As a health risk, social isolation is equivalent of fifteen cigarettes per day. Who wants to age-in-place all alone?
Having lived in Japan for many years and now as an US ex-pat living in the UK, I know how it can feel to be on the outside of a community, buffeted around by the visible and invisible forces that the rest of the world takes for granted and seems to navigate with ease. I imagine many older adults feel like this as well. Cities are too often no place for old men or women. This makes people unsure of how to engage in many of the everyday spaces and worlds that younger people inhabit. It can be frustrating to be on the outside, without a clear sense of belonging and mattering.
American cultural anthropologist, Ruth Benedict famously remarked, "The purpose of anthropology is to make the world safe for human difference." This should include generational differences as well. Anthropologists have looked at relationships across the life cycle by starting with the idea that although each individual composes their own unique world of feelings, memories, and ideas, there are nonetheless ways in which we share in each other's worlds as well. Members of a speech community share a common tongue but do not (usually) speak wholly in unison. Other gestures, like the giving and receiving of gifts, feasting, and dancing are all ways humans have developed to cultivate sustainable connections between culturally distinct communities who might otherwise ignore each other, or even come into direct conflict.
Another popular cultural anthropologist, Margaret Mead (1970), addressing the youth movements of the sixties, recognized the potential for older people to be pushed even further to the periphery; a reversal of what she termed "post-figurative cultures" where the honored elders passed on vital traditional skills and knowledge. She cautioned young and old to find ways to learn from and support each other without trying to return to the past or jump too quickly into the future. This process of intergenerational negotiation is echoed in contemporary policy thinking on adapting to aging societies (Biggs, 2014).
ICZs must also supply a set of norms and conventions that utilize and enhance shared experiences while minimizing the disruptive effects of cultural barriers. But how does one do this without creating something constrictive or boring?
Then it came to me: best to ask the experts.
Which is why I asked my seven-year-old son, Auden, what he would do.
The day after I attended the Oxford Institute of Population Ageing sponsored workshop on ICZs, I told Auden about this group of people I met who wanted to come up with all the ways for grannies and grandpas and little kids and everyone to do more things together.
The insight of the chess bus stop may be that ICZ is about play.
As I was explaining this, we walked past a bus stop. I pointed to the stop; an older woman sat with some shopping at her feet, a teenager with leaning on the plexiglass thumbing her phone, some bored looking children waited slumped against their father.
What about a bus stop? How could we redesign a bus stop to be an Intergenerational Contact Zone?
Auden loved the idea. "I know what I would do" he said, building my curiosity like a good salesman. "I would make a chess set that could come out of the side, so you could just pull it out."
"Oh, so then you could just start a game with whomever is there, right?"
"You don't have to play, you could just watch too. That would be cool."
I encouraged Auden to think about it more, and he decided that since pieces would get lost, you could have an electronic chess set. His imagination was fired up, and he was getting excited about all sorts of features like holograms and audio announcements of the moves. I suggested that he draw the idea up:
Figure 1: Auden's (age 7) proposal for converting a bus stop into an intergenerational contact zone.
Even in this plain pencil sketch, the scene is lively and people are engaged. There are things to occupy the time and more importantly, the imagination, which seeps out beyond the game itself and into the spaces and relationships all around it. For a child, the game is all-encompassing--it is not simply about completing some discrete task, but entering into a cultural world where anyone could join in. Older people and children could teach each other about new technology and ancient strategy, onlookers might become players as a bus arrives and disrupts a game. Some might appear even when they do not have a bus to catch. There are chances for encounters both subtle and dramatic. The idea that all of this could happen at the most mundane of public spaces didn't seem odd at all from the point of view of a seven-year-old. Now what if some seven-year-olds and some seventy-year-olds collaborated with designers and social scientists?
The insight of the chess bus stop may be that ICZ is about play. It calls us out of our everyday age-segregated worlds and invites us to establish new relationships that unfold in unexpected ways but without any genuine risk. This is an insight found in the new field of gerontoludics, which explores the importance of play in old age. Gerontoludics brings together a growing body of literature that breaks down stereotypes of older people (yes, older people do play videogames) and calls our attention to new design principles, like "playfulness over usefulness" (De Shutter & Vanden Abeele 2015). From this initial state of play and collaborative brainstorming, an idea can progress to reach a state of 'flow,' where participants unlock deeper potentials for creativity within each other. This is a wonderful lesson to apply to an intergenerational/ life course rich environment. By transforming a utilitarian bus shelter into a setting of play, by subverting the default attitude of "killing time" with an activity that is both engrossing and spontaneous, different generations not only tolerate each other's differences, but thrive because of them.
Andrews, G. J., Evans, J., & Wiles, J. L. (2013). Re-Spacing and re-placing gerontology: relationality and affect. Ageing & Society, 33, 1339-1373.
Biggs, S. (2014). Adapting to an ageing society: The need for cultural change. Policy Quarterly 10 (3), 12-16.
De Schutter, B. & Vanden, A.V. (2015). Towards a gerontoludic manifesto. Anthropology & Agin g, 36(2), 112-120.
Hopkins, N. & Pain, R. (2007). Geographies of age: Thinking relationally. Area, 39 (3): 287-294.
Hydén, L.C. (2014). Cutting brussels sprouts: Collaboration involving persons with dementia. Journal of Aging Studies, 29, 115-123.
Mead, M. (1970). Culture and commitment. Garden City, NY: Natural History Press, Doubleday & Co. Inc.
Portacolone, E. (2015). Older Americans living alone: The influence of resources and intergenerational integration on inequality. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 44 (3), 280-305.
Jason Danely, Ph.D.
Senior Lecturer in Anthropology of Japan, Oxford Brookes University
jdanely@brookes.ac.uk
www.jasondanely.com
Editor-in-Chief, Anthropology & Aging
Imagining a Bus Stop as an Intergenerational Contact Zone (PDF)
This publication is available in alternative media on request.
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Kyle Shanahan announced as new 49ers head coach
The San Francisco 49ers announced that Kyle Shanahan will be the team's new head coach.
According to the announcement Shanahan will be formally introduced as head coach during a press conference later this week.
"The San Francisco 49ers are very fortunate to bring in a coach of the caliber of Kyle Shanahan," General Manager John Lynch said in the statement.
The 49ers settled on Shanahan a couple weeks ago but had to wait until Monday to sign him to a contract because the Falcons made it to the Super Bowl.
Shanahan is the son of two-time Super Bowl winning head coach Mike Shanahan, who also won a title as offensive coordinator in San Francisco in 1994. Shanahan got his first NFL job as an offensive quality control coach in Tampa Bay in 2004. He also served as an offensive coordinator in Houston, Washington and Cleveland before arriving in Atlanta last season.
sportssan franciscosanta clarasan francisco 49ersnfl
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Fields – Same (1971)
Posted on May 31, 2017 by allerlei2013riffmaster
Fields was a progressive rock band formed in 1971 by Andrew McCulloch and Graham Field, and also containing Alan Barry. McCulloch had previously been a member of King Crimson, but left due to musical differences. Field had founded Rare Bird, and Barry was a member of Dowlands with Giles Brothers (1962-1963).
They only recorded one eponymous album in 1971, and one single from the album, “A Friend of Mine”, in 1973. According to Field, CBS management changed and “the new faces did not want to know us”, so the group disbanded. Field had the rights to the name Rare Bird, and returned to working in that area and in television themes. McCulloch went on to become a founder member of Greenslade. Barry went on to become a founder member of King Harry.
French single
A trio formed from diverse musicians from other groups such as KING CRIMSON and RARE BIRD, which managed one sole album. FIELDS is named after Graham Field, founding member of RARE BIRD and was responsible for many of the better tracks of the first two albums. After his departure RARE BIRD will change sound rather drastically veering towards a faster tempo rock with funky grooves. As for FIELDS, this is a keyboard-led trio with bassist Alan Barry singing but also playing guitars (although very discreet) but also adding some Mellotron lines. Rounding up that trio is Andy Mc McCullough who had played on KC’s “Lizard” album and we will find him holding the drums stool for GREENSLADE later that year.
RARE BIRD fans and 70’s prog completist will enjoy FIELDS. (by Hugues Chantraine)
Quickly, Fields was Rare Bird’s main keyboard man Graham Field’s first (last?) post-Bird project. Bringing at least a little of the early Rare Bird vibe along for the ride, albeit with one keyboardist rather than two, bassist/guitarist/composer/vocalist Alan Barry and drummer Andy McCulloch (between stints in Crimson and Greenslade) shore up the incredibly full sound for a very unique and melodic prog album.
Field and McCulloch shine like you’d expect, but it’s Barry who impresses the most here. His pitch-perfect tenor sails over all these great songs and provides a real nice mechanism for exploiting these beautiful melodies. I’d love to know whatever became of Alan Barry after such a powerful performance here. Barry’s previous stints as session man for Gordon Haskell’s It Is and It Isn’t album and as part of one the Giles brothers’ pre-GG&F bands are pretty much all I can find on this guy’s skimpy resume.
Like another well known keyboard-based 3-piece band, Refugee, Fields only managed this one album before imploding. It’s been long out of print but worthy of a search for all keyboard-obsessed melodic, yet heavy prog nuts out there – you know who you are! (by Steven)
German single
Alan Barry (bass, guitar, vocals)
Graham Field (keyboards)
Andrew McCulloch (drums, percussion)
01. A Friend Of Mine (Field) 4.31
02. While The Sun Still Shines (Field) 3.18
03. Not So Good (Friend) 3.12
04. Three Minstrels (Barry/Field) 4.31
05. Slow Susan (Field) 3.46
06. Over And Over Again (Field) 5.55
07. Feeling Free (Field) 3:12
08. Fair-Haired Lady (Batty) 3.00
09. A Place To Lay My Head (Field) 4.25
10. The Eagle (Barry/Field) 5.24
Posted in Fields, Rock, Year Of Recording: 1971 | Leave a reply
Chicken Shack – Imagination Lady (1972)
Imagination Lady is the fifth studio album by the blues band Chicken Shack, released in 1972 on the Deram record Label.
Imagination Lady is much in the same tradition as the great British bluesmen Alexis Korner and John Mayall, Webb’s revolving-door personnel landed the band several notable members, including: John Almond (tenor/alto sax), Hughie Flint (drums), and Christine Perfect (keyboards/vocals). For this album, Webb (guitar/vocals) gathered a trio consisting of himself, future Gods and Jethro Tull member John Glascock (bass), and Paul Hancox (drums). Enthusiasts of the more traditional 40 Blue Fingers, Freshly Packed and Ready to Serve and OK Ken albums have been quick to dismiss the latter-era band, often citing the whole over amplified power metal trip as detracting from their blues origins.
While certainly valid assessments, the power trio featured on Imagination Lady brings more than sheer volume to this release. As with the previous Chicken Shack long-players, this disc features several Webb originals augmented with some well-chosen cover tunes. The album opens with a ferocious cover of B.B. King’s “Crying Won’t Help You.” This version is highlighted by Glascock’s thrashing basslines and Webb’s wah-wah driven lead guitar and gin-soaked vocals. In a style akin to the Faces or even some of the rowdier moments from the Peter Green-led Fleetwood Mac, this trio grinds out the blues with a decidedly English edge. The folkie “If I Were a Carpenter” is speared with searing electric guitar leads that rip throughout the likewise spirited contributions from Glascock and Hancox. The tune is also afforded an unexpected sensitivity that contrasts well between the all-out sonic onslaught of the chorus and the restrained polyrhythms of the verses. In regards to original material, “Daughter of the Hillside” is without a doubt Webb’s most impressive contribution to the album. It is arguably the strongest side on the disc. This straight-ahead rocker is an ideal trio effort with equal contributions from all three recalling the intense instrumentality of Cream or early Led Zeppelin. With so much potential, it’s unfortunate that the 11-minute epic “Telling Your Fortune” — which is nothing more than a 12-bar blues platform for solos from Webb and Hancox — is so erratic. In an ironic contrast, the closing number “The Loser” is upbeat and almost pop-oriented, again displaying the immense strength of this short-lived incarnation of Chicken Shack. (by Lindsay Planer)
Chicken Shack were chief beneficiaries of the 1968 Brit blues boom, but the sales graph was flatlining by the time of 1972’s Imagination Lady. Shame, really: some of us will strip to the waist, grease up and wrestle for the right to proclaim it the worthiest thing they ever did. Wildcard guitarist and sole constant Stan Webb had commandeered drummer Paul Hancox and bassist John Glascock to create a brawny blues-rock trio with the pedal constantly to the metal – and the transfusion of new blood duly created a rampaging ogre.
Listen to them, positively steaming in with Crying Won’t Help You Now: lack of blues feel is more than compensated for with unruly, unpolished, first-take excitement. Hancox in particular – recommended by John Bonham – is a flailing Tasmanian devil in the Philthy Animal Taylor mould. The insane phased drum solo in Telling Your Fortune perhaps indulges the man a tad too far – but you try stopping him.
Thrillingly, the band lunge at If I Were A Carpenter like pub drunks: it’s a Vanilla Fudge-style, taste-free disembowelment, and all the better for it. Truthfully, Imagination Lady is closer in spirit and execution to May Blitz than Fleetwood Mac, in the grand tradition of fractious, E-major wah-wah sludge-rock. (by record collector)
For me is this album a masterpiece of heavy blues rock !
John Glascock (bass)
Paul Hancox (drums)
Stan Webb (guitar, vocals)
01. Crying Won’t Help You Now (King) 5.10
02. Daughter Of The Hillside (Webb) 3.53
03. If I Were A Carpenter (Hardin) 6.35
04. Going Down (Nix) 3.33
05. Poor Boy (Webb) 5.11
06. Telling Your Fortune (Webb) 11.11
07. The Loser (Webb) 2.32
Posted in Blues-Rock, British Blues, Chicken Shack, Year Of Recording: 1971 | 1 Reply
The Strawbs – In Concert At The Paris Theatre London (1971)
This concert is known to be the last with Rick Wakeman on keyboard, before he joined Yes, replacing Tony Kaye. Not a bad thing he left I must say, since he’s often totally out of subject with his progressive-epic approach of keyboards, more Keith Emerson than Matthew Fisher. Recorded one year after the Queen Elizabeth Hall concert that gave the Antiques and Curios album, it shows how the band grew confident, often not for the best, some versions being quite weak. Others are great such as “The Shepherd’s Song”. But it’s clear that the band was going away from his folk roots, and it’s no surprise Tony Hooper was living his last months with the band. All in all, an unavoidable addition to any Strawbs collection. (by dkandroughmix-forgottensongs.blogspot)
This is maybe not the best period of The Strawbs … but even in this difficult Phase (you know Rick Wakeman leave the band to join Yes 1), it´s a superb album from a real great band !
Dave Cousins (vocals, guitar, banjo, dulcimer)
John Ford (bass, vocals)
Tony Hooper (guitar, vocals)
Richard Hudson (drums, Percussion, vocals)
Rock Wakeman (keyboards)
01. Hangman And The Papist 4.19
02. Martin Luther King’s Dream 3.00
03, A Glimpse Of Heaven 4.00
04. Witchwood 3.13
05. In Amongst The Roses 4.17
06. R.M.W. 5.06
07. Flower And The Young Man 5.11
08. Fingertips 5.56
09. The Shepherd’s Song 4.52
10. When You Wore A Tulip 2.08
11. Sheep 11.18
All Songs written by Dave Cousins
Posted in Folk, Strawbs, Year Of Recording: 1971 | 1 Reply
Ry Cooder – Cotati (1987)
Even without releasing the covers album, Bop Till You Drop, in 1979, Ry Cooder was already a formidable musician steeped in the blues with a Tex-Mex feel. His ’70s albums such as Into The Purple Valley, Boomer’s Story, Paradise And Lunch and Chicken Skin Music are classics but Bop Till You Drop, the first major-label digitally recorded album of pop music, put Cooder right in the spotlight.
Just as we are now pondering if the physical media (CDs, DVDs, Blu-rays) is coming to an end, at that time, the Bop Till You Drop CD – just as Dire Straits’ Brothers In Arms – was used to showcase the format and CD players.
Alongside his solo albums, Cooder also worked on soundtracks such as The Long Riders, The Border and brought the slide to a new artistic level on Paris, Texas. This wasn’t the rollicking slide of the Allman Brothers at Fillmore East but slide which put an achingly haunting spell on the listener. Then, A Meeting By The River with Vishwa Mohan Bhatt in 1993 and, more importantly, Buena Vista Social Club in 1997, saw Cooder being hailed as a music archivist. While Cooder turned to his staples of bluesy and rock & roll tunes when he played live, it’d be interesting to see him tour with his soundtracks once in while.
Thanks to easyed for sharing a show (and artwork) on Dime which took place before World Music discovered Ry Cooder.
easyed noted:
A few days later, this same lineup performed at The Catalyst in Santa Cruz, CA, a performance which was filmed for commercial release by Les Blank. Rumor has it that Ry didn’t like the film [Let’s Have A Ball], and it was never released, although I have seen it in circulation.
The autographs on the CD art are real. Ry autographed a couple of compact discs for me outside the Sweetwater in Mill Valley, CA in 1987 and on one of them conveniently added the year! He had his son, at the time maybe 14 years old, with him, who asked about the compact discs, “Dad, what are those?” to which Ry replied something along the lines of “Those are compact discs, son. They’ll be obsolete in a couple years.”
The venue for this show was The Cotati Cabaret in Cotati, CA. It was a small club that held about 300 people. Cotati is a small town located about an hour north of San Francisco. The Cabaret was an outgrowth of another venue that had been across the street called The Inn of The Beginning, a resurrected version of which has since ‘risen from the ashes’ once or twice since the ’80s. Cotati is next to Sonoma State University, which was called Granola State University back in the days. SSU is where the great recording of Old & In The Way with Ramblin’ Jack Elliott opening was made in 1973.
Click on the highlighted tracks to download the MP3s (224 kbps). As far as we can ascertain, these tracks have never been officially released on CD.
Recorded live at the Cotati Cabaret, Cotati, CA; March 23, 1987.
Excellent soundboard.
The Ry Cooder Band in 1987
George Bohannon (trombone)
Jorge Calderon (bass)
Ry Cooder (guitar, vocals)
Miguel Cruz (percussion)
Steve Douglas (saxophone)
Terry Evans (vocals)
Willie Greene Jr. (vocals)
Flaco Jimenez (accordian)
Bobby King (vocals)
Jim Keltner (drums)
Arnold McCuller (vocals)
Van Dyke Parks (Keyboards)
01. Showtime (unknown) 2.13
02. Little Sister (Pomus/Shuman) 3.47
03. Smack Dab In The Middle (Calhoun) 1.09
04. Let’s Have A Ball (Bunn) 6.45
05. Go On Home Girl (Alexander) 7.40
06. Ay Te Dejo Déjo En San Antonio (Traditional) 4.40
07. He’ll Have To Go (A. Allison/J. Allison) 6.17
08. Jesus On The Mainline (Traditional) 8.09
09. Dark End Of The Street (Moman/Penn) 6.52
10. Atombomb (unknown)
11. Teeny Weeny Bit I Don’t Want Much (Gordon) 7.28
12. One Meatball (Zaret/Singer) 7.23
13. Maria Elena (Barcelata/Russell) 6.03
14. If Walls Could Talk (Miller) 9.52
15. The Very Thing That Makes You Rich Makes Me Poor (Bailey) 8.05
16. Crazy ‘Bout An Automobile (Emerson) 6.55
17. Chain Gang (Cooke) 6.45
18. Down In Hollywood (Cooder/Drummond) 13.55
19. Good Night Irene (Ledbetter) 6.57
Posted in Cooder Ry, World Music, Year Of Recording: 1987 | Leave a reply
The Victoria Police Pipe Band – Live In Concert In Ireland (1993)
And now let us here some very old fashioned music:
The Victoria Police Pipe Band is a former Grade One World Pipe Band Championship-winning pipe band based in Melbourne, Australia. The band still operates today, though with reduced numbers and not competitively, after a controversial decision in 2000 to reshape it.
As of today, the Victoria Police Pipe Band is the only Australian band in history to have attained the title of World Pipe Band Champion. It is Australia’s most successful pipe band, having obtained three third-place results at the Worlds in years directly prior to its win in 1998. The band has also released a number of recordings, which are internationally popular.
The band was started in 1936, with generous funding from Mr W.E. McPherson (hence the McPherson tartan), by a small group of full-time police officers. For some fifty years following this, there is little noted in the history of the band and it is assumed that it continued on much in the way it had, filling its ranks with police who performed part-time.
The Victoria Police Pipe Band in 1936
However, in 1987, the band formally began its pursuit of the Worlds title. It recruited Pipe Major Nat Russell from the Royal Ulster Constabulary of Northern Ireland and received funding from the state government, with which it competed in Grade Two Australian competitions. One year later, the band attained the title of Australian Grade Two Champions and achieved third place in the August World Pipe Band Championships for the same grade. This earned the band’s regrading to Grade One.
Buoyed by its success, Victoria Police Pipe Band spent the next decade dominating Australian competition, claiming six consecutive grade one titles locally whilst continuing to compete internationally. In 1992, 1994 and 1997 the band claimed third places at the Worlds, this time in Grade One.
After some minor adjustments by then Drum Sergeant Harold Gillespie and Pipe Major Nat Russell, the Victoria Police Pipe Band was crowned World Champions at Glasgow in 1998.
In October 2000, the band’s competing days were over as it reformed. It now mostly performs at official functions, as well as for charities and schools. (by wikipedia)
Victoria Police Concert Band promo photo circa 1989
If you like the sounds of the Bagpipes (like I do !) … than you should don´t miss this album …
What a great sound … liste for example to “Highland Cathedral” or “Belfast Child (with great vocals by D. Jowsey !!!)
01. Hornpipes: Uphold the Right / Ronda Blair 3.39
02. March, Strathspey, and Reel: Lord Alexander Kennedy / Atholl Cummers / Mrs. MacPherson of Inveran 5.14
03. 6/8 Jigs: Troy’s Wedding / The Hen’s March / Alan MacPherson of Mosspark / Glasgow Police Pipers 4.20
04. Hornpipe, Strathspeys, and Reels: Maxville via Satellite / A.A. Cameron / The Caledonian Society of London / Quick Waltz 4.28
05. 2/4 Marches: Tom Wilson / Clan MacRae Society 4.07
06. Hornpipe, Strathspeys, and Reels: Acoustic Barbarians / J.F. MacKenzie / Smith’s a Gallant Fireman / Christie MacLeod / John Keith Laing / Acoustic Barbarians 3.44
07. Waltz, Reel, and Jig: The Country Girl and the Hungarian Fiddler / Bass Face / The Changeling 2.58
08. Quartet: Hornpipes and Jigs: The Blair Highlanders / Ernie’s Impact / Emma Street Exodus / The Techno Fiend 3,55
09. Hornpipes and Reels: Acid Piper / The Bulgarian Bandit / Adrian’s Obsession 3:04
10. Pipe Solo: The Mad Hornpipe / Annette’s Chatter / Bronni’s Blue Brozzi / Jean’s Fancy 4.02
11. Duet: Going Home 3.05
12. Solo Piper: Highland Cathedral 3.47
13. Solo Piper: Suite: Murray’s Fancy 8.28
14. Belfast Child / Airlie’s Big Day / Belfast Child 6.26
15. Pipe Trio: The Hellbound Train 5.43
16. Medley: Daryl Boyle / Murray’s Fancy / The Dirty Lough / Reverie / Helen Young / Mrs. Donald McPherson / Shovel Tongue / Megalomania 6.27
All songs are Traditionals
Posted in Victoria Police Pipe Band, World Music, Year Of Recording: 1993 | Leave a reply
Piero Odorici feat. Steve Ellington – Panarea (1996)
Piero Odorici represents one among the most clever new european Jazz’s young talent. Born in Bologna (Italy) in 1962 , he had his first approches with saxophone when he was ten years old . After classical studies he improved his jazz technique under the Sal Nistico and Steve Grossman’s guide, two between the most great modern Jazz’s saxophone players, and took part to workshops with Mal Waldron, Barry Herris and Joe Handerson. Piero Odorici began early his professional career having the opportunity to perform as member and as sideman of several european and foreign groups with tours in all the word (Italy, France, Germany, Greece, Finland, Canada….) and appear in radio and TV shows.
Among various collaborations : Ray Mantilla, Ben Riley, George Cables, Jimmy Cobb, Cedar Walton, Billy Higgins, Sal Nistico, Steve Grossman, Slide Hampton, Eddy Henderson, Red Rodney, Lee Konitz, Joe Lovano, Steve Lacy, Jack Walrath, Elliot Zigmund, Gloria Gaynor, Steve Ellington, Steve Gadd, Jack McDuff, Mingus Big Band, Luciano Pavarotti, George Michael and many other. In May 2000 Odorici makes an american tour with an own band playing in famouses Clubs in New York, Boston, Philadelphia, etc. with Ray Mantilla & George Cables Quartet. He took part to numerous important Festivals like Umbria Jazz (Italy), Grande Parade du Jazz (Nice-F), Pori Jazz Festival (Finland), Salonicco Jazz (Greece), Porretta Soul Festival (Italy), Pavarotti and Friends 2000 (Italy). He recorded with : Jack McDuff, Steve Grossman, Ray Mantilla, Jack Walrath, Steve Ellington, Eddie Henderson, George Michael, Luciano Pavarotti and some other.
Here´s an early Album by Piero Odorici featuring Steve Ellington:
Bradford Steven “Steve” Ellington (July 26, 1941, Atlanta – March 22, 2013, Montgomery, Alabama) was an American jazz drummer.
Ellington picked up drums when he was four years old and played with Ray Charles when he was nine. In the latter half of the 1950s he played with Charles Brown, George Adams, and Duke Pearson. He studied for one year at the New England Conservatory of Music in 1961-1962, where he played with Sam Rivers, then worked with June Christy, Joe Castro, and Hampton Hawes. He began playing with Roland Kirk in 1964, with whom he would perform and record through 1970; aside from Kirk, he played as a sideman himself with Jackie McLean, Chet Baker, Stanley Turrentine, and Mose Allison. Concomitantly, he led his own band in 1965-1966, whose sidemen were Woody Shaw, Walter Davis, Jr., Wilbur Ware, and C. Sharpe.
In the 1970s Ellington worked with Billy Eckstine, Brick Jazz Funk Fusion, Hampton Hawes, Art Farmer, Freddy Cole, Freddie Hubbard, Ike Isaacs, Maxine Sullivan, Harry “Sweets” Edison, Eddie “Lockjaw” Davis, and Dan Wall. He returned to work with Rivers in the period 1980-1982, played with Sonny Stitt and Dave Holland, then put together a new ensemble of his own, which was active from 1985 to 1990. He was the drummer for Michel Petrucciani’s trio from 1988 to 1990, and in the 1990s worked with Hal Galper, Steve Grossman, James Moody, and Johnny Griffin. (by wikipedia)
And we can hear a real superb jazz-Album … I guess this Album is a must for every Jazz-fan !
Marc Abraham (bass)
Paolo Birro (piano)
Steve Ellington (drums)
Piero Odorici (saxophone)
01. Detour (Abrams) 4.38
02. To Ela (Odorici) 7.34
03. É Preciso Perdoar (Jobim) 5.23
04. All God’s Chillun Got Rhythm (Kahn) 3.00
05. Ev’ry Time We Say Goodbye (Porter) 6.44
06. Beatrice (Rivers) 6.05
07. Neon (Birro) 5.53
08. Panarea (Odorici) 7.08
09. Luise (Abrams) 5.44
Posted in Ellington Steve, Jazz, Odorici Piero, Year Of Recording: 1996 | Leave a reply
Harvey Mandel – Righteous (1969)
Harvey Mandel (born March 11, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, United States) is an American guitarist known for his innovative approach to electric guitar playing. A professional at twenty, he played with Charlie Musselwhite, Canned Heat, The Rolling Stones, and John Mayall before starting a solo career. Mandel is one of the first rock guitarists to use two-handed fretboard tapping. Mandel was born in Detroit, Michigan but grew up in Morton Grove, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago.
His first record was the album Stand Back! Here Comes Charley Musselwhite’s Southside Band in 1966 with Charlie Musselwhite. Described in 1997’s Legends of Rock Guitar as a “legendary” album, it was influential in bridging the gap between blues and rock and roll, with Mandel’s “relentless fuzztone, feedback-edged solos, and unusual syncopated phrasing.”
He relocated to the San Francisco Bay Area, performing often at a club called The Matrix, where local favorites like Jerry Garcia or Elvin Bishop would sit in and jam. He then met up with pioneering San Francisco disc jockey and producer Abe ‘Voco’ Kesh (Abe Keshishian), who signed Mandel to Philips Records and produced his first solo album, Cristo Redentor in 1968. Mandel recorded with Barry Goldberg on a bootleg from Cherry Records and recorded with Graham Bond. He cut two more solo LPs for Philips, Righteous (1969) and Games Guitars Play (1970), followed by three more solo albums for the independent record label Janus in the early 1970s, which included Baby Batter. (by Wikipedia)
And this is his second solo-album for Philips Records:
Not as consistent as his debut, due to the presence of a few pedestrian blues-rock numbers. The better tracks, though, show Mandel continuing to expand his horizons with imagination, particularly on the cuts with string and horn arrangements by noted jazz arranger Shorty Rogers. Harvey’s workout on Nat Adderley’s “Jive Samba” is probably his best solo performance, and an obvious touchstone for the Latin-rock hybrid of Carlos Santana (whose own debut came out the same year); on the other side of the coin, “Boo-Bee-Doo” is one of his sharpest and snazziest straight blues-rockers. (by Richie Unterberger)
As Mr. Ärmel wrote in this blog a year ago: “One of the most underrated guitar players ever.” …
Harvey Mandel with Bob Hite (Canned Heat), 1970
Duane Hitchings (organ)
Eddie Hoh (drums)
Harvey Mandel (guitar)
Art Stavro (bass)
John Audino (trumpet on 07.)
Mike Barone (trombone on 07.)
Buddy Childers (trumpet on 07.)
Gene Cipriano (saxophone on 07.)
Stan Fishelson (trumpet on 07.)
Victor Feldman (vibraphone on 07.)
Plas Johnson (saxophone on 07.)
Pete Jolly (piano)
Bob Jones (guitar on 02., 05. drums, vocals on 04. + 09.)
Richard Leith (trombone on 07.)
Lew McCreary (trombone on 07.)
Ollie Mitchell (trumpet on 07.)
Pete Myers (trombone on 07.)
Jack Nimitz (saxophone on 07.)
Earl Palmer (percussion on 02., drums on 07.)
Bill Perkins (saxophone on 07.)
Howard Roberts (guitar on 07.)
Ernie Watts (saxophone on 07.)
Bob West (bass on 07.)
01. Righteous (Mandel) 3.22
02. Jive Samba (Adderley) 5.56
03. Love Of Life (Mandel/Jones) 3.14
04. Poontang (Jones) 3.54
05. Just A Hair More (Mandel) 3.39
06. Summer Sequence (Burns) 4.12
07. Short’s Stuff (Rogers) 7.19
08. Boo-Bee-Doo (Hitchings) 3.55
09. Campus Blues (Mandel) 4.43
Posted in Jazz-Rock, Mandel Harvey, Rock, Year Of Recording: 1969 | 1 Reply
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Posted on March 28, 2019 March 28, 2019 by Andrew
Day 29: Brian Wilson Karaoke
Brian Wilson Karaoke was inspired by the famous saying ‘If you remember the 1960s, you really weren’t there’. I’ve spent more time thinking about this than is probably healthy. What if you don’t remember the 1960s, then? How do you know you were there?
The Brian Wilson in the song isn’t the real Brian Wilson. The giveaway is the line ‘Everyone says they’re me but I know how it felt to write Sloop John B’ – which, as any serious Beach Boys fan will know, is the only song on Pet Sounds that Wilson didn’t write. This ‘Brian Wilson’ probably was there in the 1960s, indulged in every psychedelic drug available, and is now living a mostly housebound life in LA, imagining himself as a former rock star in hiding and mistaking random visitors for fans and journalists. Does he actually believe he’s Brian Wilson or is it just a comforting fantasy? I’m not sure he knows anymore.
I saw Brian Wilson play live in Glasgow a few years ago and the experience stayed with me. Perhaps I caught him on a bad night, in the grip of stage fright – and perhaps I was also projecting my own anxieties about performing – but he seemed oddly absent, staring into space as he sat behind a keyboard that he didn’t appear to be playing very much and which looked like it was there mostly as a protective shield from the audience. His cracked, croaky voice often sounded lost and out of place among his band’s perfect harmonies. He didn’t talk much either, as I recall. I wondered whether the gig would have sounded that different had he not been there. It was like watching a really slick Beach Boys covers band, but with an actual Beach Boy sitting with them, mostly for us to stare at and think ‘wow, that’s Brian Wilson’.
I’d been really excited about the gig. Wilson had recently, finally, completed Smile, the Beach Boys’ famous lost album from the 1960s, and these shows were being celebrated as a wonderful creative rebirth. At last Wilson had conquered his demons and finished his masterpiece. But in some ways this felt like a collective act of wish fulfillment. The Smile that Wilson finally released, after all, was really a cover version of Smile, by someone so traumatised by the original recording process that he’d forgotten about a lot of it and had to be reminded of what he’d been trying to achieve by his lyricist Van Dyke Parks, and a new group of musicians who were clearly Beach Boys fans and invested in the project for their own reasons. And it wasn’t entirely clear how Wilson really felt about it all, at least judging by his behaviour in media interviews. Was it as therapeutic as his fans wanted to believe it was? Who knows?
Years before Brian Wilson Presents Smile was released, I remember friends who were obsessive Beach Boys fans talking reverentially about this lost masterpiece, like Indiana Jones discussing the Ark of the Covenant or the Holy Grail. I was happy to join these conversations, it was seductive, but to me it felt a bit like a Macguffin, like the Ark or the Grail in the movies. If I was honest with myself, what was most exciting about Smile wasn’t the possibility of actually hearing all this music, as beautiful and extraordinary and groundbreaking as it was, even as sketches, but the journey, the act of imagining an alternate universe in which Smile had been released, and the immediate cultural impact it could have had.
I wonder if any of that really matters though. In historical terms, Smile already existed in all the ways that did matter. Bootlegs that pieced together what the album might have sounded like had been widely circulated for decades, and had been a huge influence on most of the same musicians who would have been influenced by a completed version. Would the course of musical history really have been all that different had Smile been released in its finished state? Is it possible that Smile was actually more influential for not being finished, more powerful as a myth than as reality? And does it have the same power now? I realised while writing this that I’d barely listened to Brian Wilson Presents Smile in the ten years since I wrote Brian Wilson Karaoke. I hadn’t even remembered that a follow-up to Wilson’s version, a reassembled collection of original recordings called The Smile Sessions, had been released not long afterwards. By that time I must have lost interest. I’d already finally heard Smile. Box ticked. Film over.
Neil Tennant (yes him again) once joked that big celebrity fundraisers like Live Aid might be better if all the singers just walked on stage naked, stood there for a bit, and then walked off again. His point (I think) was that what we mostly want as audiences is to enjoy music on our own terms but occasionally get to gawp at the people who make it.
I wonder if that’s true. When thousands of people watch a hologram of Elvis accompanied by a real band, faithfully recreating his live shows, is it enjoyable because people who never saw him perform in life get to experience something close to the real thing? Or is the important thing about the show not the authenticity of it but the act of imagination involved, the indulgence of your own Elvis fantasies? If you watch your favourite singer on stage, in real life, isn’t that also an act of imagination, in which you project your own needs and desires, reflected in the way their music speaks to you, on to a stranger? And if so, does it ultimately matter whether that stranger is actually on stage or not? We tell ourselves that we’re making some sort of human connection with them but are we, really?
One of my favourite responses to the first Seafieldroad album was from someone in America who had been listening to it in the car every day on the way to see his mother in hospital – the journey time being about the same length of the album – and found it comforting. I remember being very touched by this but also perplexed. I couldn’t think of any song on the album that was written about anything resembling that experience. If anything it’s mostly about fatherhood and being in love. He seemed to have heard a completely different album to the one I’d made. Was that a human connection? Actually I think it was; there’s something about sharing music that is so fundamental to human experience that it’s vanity to claim any of it as your own. It just wasn’t quite the human connection I’d imagined when I wrote those songs.
A confession: I’m currently going through a bit of a crisis of self-belief as a result of a much needed reality check. This will be a good thing, in the long term, but at the moment it’s a lot to process and so perhaps all the thoughts above aren’t as coherent as I’d like them to be. I thought I remembered significant events in my life with a reasonable amount of clarity but perhaps I didn’t at all. I’m suddenly seeing some memories from a different and often unflattering perspective, like one of those films in which you watch the same scene again and again from different angles, and each time a deeper meaning emerges.
The writing of this song is one of those memories. At the time I didn’t see anything of myself in this character, it just seemed like a fun conceit. Now though I do feel a bit like my ‘Brian Wilson’. I’m in a fog, wondering how far my capacity for self-delusion goes and to what extent I am the person I thought I was. I wonder whether I was sending myself some sort of subliminal message when I wrote this song, whether I was aware of what I was doing in my life on some level but wasn’t able to articulate it consciously, and whether I was doing something similar by also writing two songs about fakesters. Perhaps the song doesn’t mean what I think it means at all, even to me.
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Oregon’s Historic Fire Lookouts
photos courtesy of the U.S. Forest Service
It’s not every day that you get a 360-degree view of the forest. That was the idea, of course, when the U.S. Forest Service began building fire lookout towers after a slew of devestating fires hit the western states in 1910. It was part of a larger effort to aid in early fire detection. At one point, there were reportedly more than 8,000 fire lookouts in the country and every fire season, lookout operators would report fires using whatever technology they had at the time. In 1911, USFS forester William Bushnell Osborne, Jr. invented a “firefinder” in Oregon. The instrument used a rotating steel disc with attached sighting mechanisms to pinpoint coordinates.
Rent a fire lookout from the U.S. Forest Service
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FMRS US
The World after Brexit and Trump
#FMRS17 March 16 - May 23 | 45 cities - 11 weeks
Speakers List
Karas, Othmar
Othmar Karas is the former Secretary General of the ÖVP (Austrian’s People Party) and former member of the Austrian National Parliament. He is a member of the European Parliament since 1999 and from 2012 to 2014 he was the Vice President of the European Parliament. Since July 2014 he is Chair of the inter- parliamentary Delegation on the Relations between the European Union and Russia. Karas studied Political Science at the University of Vienna and European and International Business Law at the University of St. Gallen. Since 2013 he is a Honorary Professor at the Danube University Krems.
Ernst 2017-01-24T04:07:39+00:00
Copyright © Austrian Economics Center | All Rights Reserved.
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You are at:Home»Sports & Rec»Boise State hockey aims to bounce back
Boise State hockey aims to bounce back
By Paul Gourley September 9, 2019 No Comments
Photo by Mackenzie Hudson.
Despite finishing the 2018-19 regular season at 24-7-1, the Boise State hockey team still believes they have room to improve. The Broncos’ optimism comes from a new look on the ice, as well as making some adjustments.
“A big thing for the culture of our team this year is taking the ‘club’ out of how we play the game,” said senior forward Eric Pinsky.
Though their sights are set on making Boise State’s hockey club a Division I program, a lack of funding will halt the Broncos’ plans of playing at such a high level. Instead, much of the Broncos’ attention will be geared towards coming back from a recent playoff failure.
Last season, the Broncos went into the Pac 8 Conference tournament in Southern Lake Tahoe as the No. 1 seed, before suffering a devastating 3-2 loss to the University of Oregon in a semifinal matchup.
The Ducks went on to win the tournament and played for a chance at a national title in Frisco, Texas. Even with a loss to Oregon, the Broncos gained the top seed going into the Western Regional tournament in Tempe, Ariz. With a second chance at qualifying for the National Tournament in Texas, Boise State lost on a last-second goal to the Montana State Bobcats.
“The difference in not losing those close games is being able to run four lines,” said head coach Lloyd Ayers. “We had about seven guys injured in that Montana State game, too, and that really hurt us.”
Even after losing seven forwards, the bright spot for this team will be its depth and defense. Boise State will certainly be taking advantage of its new additions.
“Compared to last year, we are amazing defensively and can even move some defensemen to forward, if we have to,” said junior goalie Kyler Ayers. “Last year, we were also really top-heavy and relied too much on our top two lines. This year, we are a lot more consistent all the way through.”
One exciting addition to the team is freshman forward Dustin Truex, who spent the previous season scoring 50 points in 36 games for the Fresno Monsters of the WSHL.
“Truex will definitely be a first or second-line guy for us,” Pinsky said. “Dustin has unbelievable speed and hits everything that moves. The depth that he’ll provide will be huge.”
According to Truex’s teammates, his role on the team has already begun to take shape.
“I was able to play Juniors with Dustin in Montana,” Ayers said. “He’s a spark plug that can get the game going if the team is playing stale.”
The Broncos will be returning five players named to all-conference honors last season, including leading goal scorer Pinsky, junior goalie Ayers, junior forward Mike Carranza, junior defenseman Brandon Benson and junior defenseman Sven Marnausz.
The beginning of this particular season has added an emotional impact for the Broncos, as they will be returning to the ice after suffering the loss of a teammate. Defenseman Bobby Skinner recently passed away on Aug. 23.
“You never saw Bobby without a smile on his face,” Lloyd Ayers said. “One of the best therapies for this team is getting on the ice and skating for Bobby.”
The Broncos will honor Skinner as a primary motivation for the team this season.
“I’m not sure how to describe Bobby other than the happiest kid I’ve ever met,” Pinsky said. “We’re going to be playing for Bob and hopefully we can win for him as well.”
Skating in Skinner’s memory, the Broncos will take on Western Washington in Bellingham, Wash. on Saturday, Sept. 21 at 3 p.m. PDT to kick off their 2019-20 season. Other notable upcoming matchups are against the back-to-back national champion Florida Gulf Coast University on Sunday, Oct. 6, and against the University of Oregon on Friday, Nov. 8.
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Not That Kind of Doctor
'"Dangit, Jim, I'm an astronomer, not a doctor! I mean, I am a doctor, but not that kind of doctor. I have a doctorate, it's not the same thing. You can't help people with a doctorate; you just sit there and you're useless!"
—Dr. Doppler, Treasure Planet
If someone in TV-land is referred to as "the doctor", it means he's a medical doctor. It might not be explicitly mentioned, possibly even outright denied, but anyone called the doctor seems to be able to deliver any and all surgical operations and medical Techno Babble required by the plot. There are no exceptions (well, other than him). All those other guys who've got doctorates in science, law and philosophy are helpfully distinguished from real doctors with vaguely-academic titles like "professor", if they're even awarded one at all.
This trope stems from a modern convention: in the past, "Doctor" had a purely academic connotation—the word itself derives from the Latin doctor, meaning "teacher". At some point, the word (in English, at least) began to shift from being the title of a learned person/a person with a doctorate to meaning the same as "physician". Originally, the M.D. was a doctorate in medicine, but in some places, like the US and Canada, it became the first professional degree. (In the UK and Ireland an MB ChB—bachelor of medicine & surgery—are the first undergraduate degrees; holders are addressed as "Doctor" regardless. While Surgeons—which require a graduate degree, equivalent to a North American MD in length of education—are only addressed as Mr, Mrs, or Miss in a form of reverse snobbery.[1]) It is easy to see how the term "doctor" was slowly divorced from its academic roots. This has gone so far that it is common for it to be thought that "real" doctors are physicians... which brings us to this trope. And MD Envy to boot.
Certain professions blur the line. A psychiatrist or forensic pathologist will necessarily have a medical doctorate, but their main occupation isn't taking care of people's cuts and sniffles. If they're suddenly forced to act like that kind of doctor—like, say, they're on hand when someone gets hit by a car—expect them to act awkward and unsure before they save the day.
Not to be confused with Morally-Ambiguous Doctorate. See also Open-Heart Dentistry and Omnidisciplinary Scientist. Compare All Monks Know Kung Fu (which is, basically, Not That Kind Of Monk) and Not That Kind of Mage, where someone good at one form of wizardry is unskilled at another. Contrast with Super Doc, when the Doctor can heal you no matter what his field is.
Note that this trope holds water only in certain languages, such as English; other languages were smart enough to create different words to distinguish between MDs and PhDs. An example would be Chinese, where the medical professionals are addressed as [Surname] yīshēng while academics get [Surname] bóshì.
Examples of Not That Kind of Doctor include:
1 Doctors who really do practice medicine
1.1 Anime/Manga
1.2 Comic Books
1.5 Live Action TV
1.6 Video Games
1.7 Web Comics
1.8 Western Animation
1.9 Real Life
2 Other kinds of doctors
2.2 Fan Works
2.9 Web Original
2.10 Western Animation
2.11 Real Life
Doctors who really do practice medicine
Dr. Shiouji from Excel Saga specifically states that out of his many doctorates none are in medicine, but it doesn't matter that much in the end as he's also an Omnidisciplinary Scientist who knows all the medical terminology and has previously dissected Iwata's dead body to translocate his brain into a mechanical vessel.
Dr. Kabapu has never said what kind of doctor he is either.
Reversed in Sayonara, Zetsubou-sensei, when Kafuka Fuura walks into the Itoshiki Clinic for a check-up and initially sees Dr. Mikoto Itoshiki, whom she initially confuses for his younger brother/her teacher Nozomu.
Note: In Japanese, sensei means "professor" or "physician". Compare with the English term "doctor".
Kafuka: Sensei!
Dr. Itoshiki: Yes.
Kafuka: No, I mean, Sensei!
Dr. Itoshiki: Yes?
Kafuka: I mean, Itoshiki-sensei.
The female Dr. Light started out as Not That Kind of Doctor, being an astrophysicist. Then, she was later shown as That Kind of Doctor, working in a hospital and healing a fellow hero. Thus began her upgrade to Omnidisciplinary Scientist...
Doctor Strange, from the Marvel Universe, is a trained (though not currently practicing) surgeon. On the occasions when he does show his medical chops, he tends to be better and more versatile than a specialist forty years out of practice should be.
His parody in Fanhunter, Dr. X-Traño (a mix between a real wizard and a cosplayer Marvel geek), is only honoris causa[2] of something else by Miskatonic University. His allies believed X-Traño to be an M.D. like Strange; he was forced to tell the truth when he was asked to heal an ally.
Lampshade Hanging in Justice Society of America, when Black Canary is surprised that Dr Mid-Nite is that kind of doctor, since most supers who call themselves "Dr" aren't.
Bruce Wayne's deceased father, Dr. Thomas Wayne, was that kind of doctor.
In the movie Paradise Road, Dr. Verstak (Frances McDormand) practices medicine on the inmates of the prison camp, making her non-expendable. Near the end of the movie, she admits that she isn't an MD, but instead has a doctorate in philosophy.
Dr. Evil, of course, went to Evil Medical School, after spy school with Austin and Number Two.
A series of French practice schoolbooks has Dr. Evil as a plastic surgeon and Mini-Me as his secretary.
The Abominable Dr. Phibes has two doctorates. One is in theology, and the other in acoustics.
Dracula features Abraham Van Helsing, M.D., D.Ph., D.Litt., etc, as seen in The Brides of Dracula (1960)
City Slickers has a scene with two doctors needing to attend to an injured man because they're the only people in the group with first-aid training. The problem is that first-aid is all they can provide for him—he needs a surgeon, but they're dentists.
What're we going to do, give him a cleaning?!
In the movie 1776, Doctor Lyman Hall is taken aside by the seriously ill Caesar Rodney, who asks him a simple question:
Rodney: Sir may I ask of you, are you a Doctor of Medicine, or of Divinity?[3]
Hall: Both, sir. Which one might be of use?
Rodney: The former most assuredly, then we shall see about the latter.
In Clue, Professor Plum, a psychiatrist, is called upon to determine what killed Mr. Boddy and immediately protests, "I am not a forensic expert!"
Inverted in The Santa Clause: When people refer to Neil as a doctor, Scott sarcastically replies "He's not a doctor, he's a psychiatrist."
In The Hangover, Stu is a dentist, a fact that everyone is quick to remind him of whenever he mentions his doctorate.
Doctor Lao from The Circus of Doctor Lao is definitely not that kind of doctor.
Doctor Watson is that kind of doctor, if only to underline how much above even medical doctors Holmes is cognitively.
When faking an illness to lure out his would-be murderer, Holmes is forced to keep Watson at a distance by claiming risk of infection, but really because he's afraid Watson's medical knowledge would easily penetrate the disguise. Holmes's own medical insight is mostly limited to forensics, criminal and otherwise.
In Beneath The Surface by Gary Crew, Spiro introduces himself as 'Doctor Spiro Trotter' and has to clarify that he isn't a medical doctor in response to the hotel receptionist repeatedly telling him that nobody's been sick for years.
The protagonist of Youth in Sexual Ecstasy after acquiring an STD, looks for a doctor to get treated, he finds the card of a specialist in "sexual dysfunctions" (sex therapist) and goes to him to get treated, luckily for him the doctor already had a background on medicine and biology; The doctor later points out what his specialization really means.
In the original The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, Dr. Henry Jekyll may or may not be that kind of doctor; Stevenson actually doesn't specify whether or not his doctorate is in medicine, although given his expertise in chemistry, it is possible. Some adaptations have indeed depicted him as running a private practice, or being retired from one.
Dr. Abraham Van Helsing in the original Dracula is that kind of doctor (and a professor of medicine), and not a vampire hunter, as adaptations often turn him into; he's just smart enough to know enough about them to improvise.
Mohinder Suresh of Heroes has remarkable know-how in the medical arts despite being a geneticist.
He even mentions how he's not a medical doctor at least twice -- once in Volume 1 when Thompson asks him to figure out what's wrong with Molly, and in Volume 4 when he's brought to see a bullet-riddled Daphne.
Dr. Beckett, Dr. Frasier and Dr. Keller are all That Kind Of Doctor. Actually two of them were, both being somewhat dead. And don't forget Dr. Lam, even if the writers did. Dr. Jackson and Dr. Lee, however, are Not That Kind Of Doctor. Jackson is rarely even referred to as "doctor" except when he's being introduced to someone.
This is played for laughs in one episode. A man who has captured SG-1 was injured, and asks Daniel to patch him up. Daniel explains that he doesn't know how.
Daniel: I'm an archaeologist.
Bounty Hunter: But you're also a doctor.
Daniel: ...of archaeology.
Major Carter isn't that kind of doctor either but no one has ever thought she was.
Except in "Moebius", when she introduces herself to Dr. Jackson.
JACKSON (offering his hand for her to shake): Doctor Daniel Jackson.
CARTER (shaking his hand): Doctor Samantha Carter.
JACKSON: Oh! Uh, Ph.D.
CARTER: Oh, me too.
In "Harmony", a girl believes that Dr. Mckay should know something about, well, being a doctor. His responce is similar to Jackson's above.
Star Trek: Doctors McCoy, Crusher, Pulaski, Bashir, Placeholder, and Phlox are definitely that kind of doctor. To emphasize the Mildly Military nature of Starfleet, is is apparently not appropriate to address them by their rank (if any). Further, as a psychiatrist, Deanna Troi is likely a Doctor as well, sort of that kind.
Troi's title is Counselor, meaning she probably filled the role of a guidance counselor of sorts to the crew (more of a psychologist's job, and while they are doctors in the Ph.D. sense, her empathic nature helped her more than her training). Also, the official medical doctors all were required to learn multiple alien anatomies as well as forensics and other analysis. McCoy is pretty dependent on his lab in the original, but in space the doctors have to be able to cope with an emergency. After all, Klingon anatomy has double- or triple-redundancies to keep them fighting and Vulcans have their heart in their abdominal cavity, so why risk being underprepared?
All of these doctors (aside from Phlox, who's not an actual member of Starfleet, and Voyager's Doctor, who's a hologram) do have ranks, designated on their uniforms. McCoy was a Lt. Commander, for example. Troi, who does not wear a uniform, held the rank of Lt. Commander for most of the show and got a Hand Wave of not wanting to intimidate her clients because she out-ranked them. (Granted, what she was wearing instead was probably off-putting in other ways...) Crusher was a Commander. Bashir was a Lieutenant.
In M*A*S*H, Hawkeye, Trapper, Frank, Henry, B.J., Charles, and Colonel Potter—pretty much all the male officers, not counting occasional visitors—were all that kind of doctor. Dr. Sidney Freedman is a psychiatrist, and therefore, is that kind of doctor, but it's not his occupation. In a crisis he's forced to help out in the O.R., over his protestations that "medical school was a long time ago."
The Doctor of Doctor Who has medical knowledge and has used it to heal people on occasion, but science is his forte and "Doctor" part of his assumed identity anyway. In The Moonbase, he claims to have received a medical degree... under Lister on 19th century Earth. In any case, he's had centuries to come by plenty of knowledge honestly.
His being Not That Kind of Doctor is Lampshaded in Utopia when a guard tells Dr Yana that a doctor "of everything" had just arrived.
In the episode "A Good Man Goes To War", the character Lorna knows he must be a great warrior because "Why else would he be called that?" Turns out that in her language, 'Doctor' means 'Mighty Warrior'. The irony is that the Doctor has become so feared in reputation, that he created the term. In a way, he is that kind of Doctor.
Liz Shaw is that kind of doctor, among other things. Harry Sullivan's doctorate is strictly medical.
In "The Ark In Space", the Doctor claims his Doctorate is purely honorary, and Harry (who's a naval surgeon) is "only qualified to work on sailors".
Martha Jones eventually became that sort of doctor. Her (temporary) fiancé Tom Milligan is also one.
In Torchwood, Doctor Owen Harper is that kind of doctor.
Dr. Sam Beckett from Quantum Leap straddles the line; while still amnesiac he recalls how to halt a premature labor, and then balks when Al tells him to do something requiring another degree; turns out medicine is just one of the six doctorates he holds.
The vets in All Creatures Great and Small sometimes have clients who mistake them for traditional doctors, often under embarrassing circumstances. Tristan once went on a house-call to an infertile couple under the mistaken belief that he was going to artificially inseminate their cow. Another time a woman turned up at the surgery asking for confirmation of her pregnancy and Siegfried pretended to comply with her wishes in order to freak out Tristan and James.
During one episode of Leverage" ("The Rashomon Job"), Sophie runs into Dr. Wes Abernathy. She asks what his PhD is in, and he announces that he is a surgeon.
Inverted in Season 17 of The Amazing Race when, after being U-Turned, Chad started taunting Nat at the Roadblock. Though really, it might have just been because Chad didn't know the difference between an MD and a PhD.
Chad: Nat you should be able to get this easy. How's that PhD helping you?
Nat (in a voice over): For the record, I have an MD, I do not have a PhD.
One episode of 3rd Rock from the Sun had Vicki asking Dr. Albright if she would deliver her (alien) baby. Mary tries to explain that she isn't that kind of doctor, she just has a doctorate in anthropology, but Vicki doesn't understand several of the words she uses and takes it as Mary just blowing her off because of the gap in their social classes, education, basic hygiene, etc...
"I'm an anthropologist." "Is that like, the butt?" Vicki confused both "anthro" or "anthropology" with "anterior", but also "anterior" with "posterior".
An episode of Sanctuary has Will and Abby kidnapped by a gang seeking medical aid for their boss, who was, of course, attacked by an abnormal. They go through about a half a minute of trying to convince said crooks that they are psychologists, which they are. It does not work.
Abby: Sigmund & Anna Freud, right here.
Played with on Criminal Minds in Season Five, with Doctor Reid (who possesses three Ph.D.s but no medical training) after he was shot. Hotch makes him stay behind with Garcia, the team's analyst.
Hotch: You told me you were cleared to travel. You lied.
Reid: No, I didn't. I am a doctor, so technically it wasn't a lie.
Garcia: What was it, then?
Reid: Um...Second opinion.
Garcia: You're my bitch now.
The CSI franchise has two ex-doctors. CSI had Dr. Ray Langston and CSI: NY has Dr. Sheldon Hawkes. Both have ended up giving emergency care a time or two. Hawkes even helps with a bicycle first aid team in the park. Of course, the medical examiners (Robbins, Hammerbeck) are also doctors, but don't practice medicine.
Doc Robbins has occasionally been shown to do things medically related - while Grissom was losing his hearing, Doc Robbins gave him regular check-ups to make sure Grissom was attending to his health.
Lampshaded, played with and kicked to death in Top Gear, of all programmes. Jeremy revealed that he had obtained a cheaper quote for insurance because he called himself 'Doctor', rather than a journalist - the two pay vastly different rates of Car Insurance. He ignored the other two's protestations that HONOURARY doctorates don't count.
Dr. Cliff Huxtable on The Cosby Show is that kind of doctor (albeit a specialist, specifically an obstetrician). One rather hilarious scene in an episode was where Rudy hurt her leg, and cried to Cliff that she wanted to see a doctor. Cliff had to remind her that he was a doctor. Making it even funnier, when Clair came home and looked at it, she panicked a little and exclaimed that they had to call a doctor, again forgetting that Cliff, who was right next to her, was a doctor.
Joan Watson of Elementary was a MD and a surgeon, but after making a mistake that cost a patient his life she gave up medicine and no longer uses the title doctor.
Dr. Zev Cohen from Mass Effect: "I am a doctor but not the doctor. My specialty is microbiology. Not first aid."
Dr. McNinja:
When he's not adventuring, he's quite a successful medical doctor, even knowing of rare diseases like Paul Bunyan's Disease. At the very least, he knows general medicine and dentistry.
Paul Bunyan's disease seems not to be that rare in the setting given there are a group of people who hunt and kill Paul Bunyan sufferers to use their stuffed bodies as giant theme park mascots.
Last Res0rt has Dr. Qin Xu, who chose to go into medicine after becoming a vampire.
In Schlock Mercenary, Dr. Bunnigus protests that she's not a psychiatrist, to no effect.
Almost all the Sparks in Girl Genius are that kind of doctor. Except for Agatha, because they wouldn't let her take the tests.
In Kim Possible, both of Kim's parents have doctorates. Her Mother's is indeed an M.D. (she's a brain surgeon), but her father's isn't (he's a rocket scientist). This results in visitors (at least Ron Stoppable) usually addressing them as Mr. Dr. P and Mrs. Dr. P, respectively. To not call them doctor would be disrespectful, but to just call them doctor would be confusing.
The old joke about people with doctorate degrees. "So you're a doctor?" "Yes, but not the kind that will do you any good."
Alternately: "Not the kind with any money."
Other kinds of doctors
Doctor Doom dropped out of school after his Freak Lab Accident and then proceeded to learn magic and take over a country. He never actually finished his doctorate. No one would argue that he doesn't deserve one, but he simply never finished the paperwork. Ordering the University of Latvaria to give him a degree (what the fanon suggests he did) doesn't count, even though the thesis defense would have been...interesting.
Spider-Man's foe Dr. Octopus has a doctorate in nuclear physics.
Lampshaded in Secret Wars: Volcana asks Doctor Octopus to tend to the severely wounded Molecule Man; Octopus replies that his doctorate is in nuclear physics, not medicine, but he'll see what he can do...
Conversely, every doctorate brings full knowledge of robotics, including the Entomology course (see Henry Pym).
Also appears in Ultimate Spiderman. Peter is injured in a fight and goes to Dr Connors for help. Although he isn't an MD, as he is quick to point out, he is persuaded to treat the wound anyway.
Nth Man: The Ultimate Ninja features Irving Yagyu, DDS (Doctor of Dental Surgery). He's called "the ninja dentist" because that's exactly what he is...
The original Doctor Fate was a doctor of archaeology. Most of the subsequent Doctors Fate weren't doctors at all, they'd just inherited the name. The current[when?] version is a psychoanalyst, though.
According to the fact file at the back of the Batman the Brave And The Bold comic, even though Dr. Cyber is an Omnidisciplinary Scientist, her actual doctorate is in literature.
One-shot Justice League foe Dr. Julian September is a physicist. He is not mistaken for a doctor of medicine, but an official who don't want to reapprove of his funding makes a quip about September fixing his jeep, since he works in quantum mechanics. Shortly after, Dr September's work first paid off, when the official was struck by lightning before he could sign the paper that would have stopped September's work.
Brother Voodoo (Dr. Jericho Drumm) is a psychologist. Some readers assumed when they saw him go by 'Doctor Voodoo' that the title had come along with the office of Sorcerer Supreme, which he inherited from Doctor Strange.
There are several Liberty's Kids fanfics where the author has mistaken Dr. Benjamin Franklin as a medical doctor. He had an honorary doctorate in law and science.
In the Bleach fanfic Project Tatterdemalion, we have Dr. Yoruichi Shihouin (ecologist), Dr. Masaki Shiba (biology), Dr. Isshin Shiba (might technically be a medical doctor, but hasn't worked on anything but mice in years, so comes down to biology), Dr. Tessai Tsukabishi (physics), and Dr. Kisuke Urahara (any number of things). All research scientists- although they do manage to create a fast-and-dirty vaccine against The Virus. No medical doctors in the original group (although they do have a nurse and a paramedic). In the sequel, when (medical) Dr. Retsu Unohana arrives to treat the nurse's injuries, Yoruichi introduces herself with her specialty, to keep things clear.
Dr. Delbert Doppler from Treasure Planet, as quoted above.
Subverted somewhat in the Indiana Jones movies. Indiana was freqently referred to as "Dr. Jones" (especially by the evil people) but no one ever accused him of being a medical doctor.
Dr. Cockroach from Monsters vs. Aliens. It is never made clear what his field is. What we do know is that his PhD was in dance!
Dr. Charles B. Pierce from Boggy Creek II: And the Legend Continues is mistaken for a medical doctor when asked to treat the mountain man Crenshaw's captive baby Boggy Creek Creature. Turns out Dr. Pierce only has a doctorate in Boggy Creek Studies.
12 Monkeys: Kathryn Railly is a psychologist. While she does spend a majority of the movie providing therapy for Cole and is never mistaken for a medical doctor, there is one scene in which she removes a bullet from him and assures him that she is qualified to do so. "I am a doctor".
This might be a bit of Fridge Brilliance: The film is set in a psychiatric hospital, and the doctors there tend to be psychiatrists, rather than psychologists. Psychiatrists really are that kind of doctor, having been to medical school, and it's not too much of a stretch that Railly would know how to do simple surgery. (The fact that she removed the bullet at all is the writers' fault.)
The upstairs neighbor in Barefoot in the Park.
"It's alright honey. He's a doctor."
"And what are you a doctor of?"
"Poetry."
Buck Laughlin uses this for some Witty Banter in Best in Show while talking to Dr. Millbank, president of the Mayflower Kennel Club.
In Neal Stephenson's The Baroque Cycle, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz is often referred to as "the Doctor" (not that Doctor, mind you). He's actually a doctor of law, though he's more well-known for his arithmetickal studies than his legal studies. In addition, Daniel Waterhouse, an Omnidisciplinary Scientist, is referred to as "Dr. Daniel Waterhouse" later in his life. Inverting the trope, physicians are always referred to as "physicians", never doctors; even surgeons were alternately called "chirurgeons" and "barber-surgeons", never "doctors". Indeed, Dr. Waterhouse himself expresses strong contempt for physicians, treating them as if they were snake-oil salesmen (and given the state of 17th/18th-century medicine, that's exactly what they were).
In Terry Pratchett's first Discworld novel The Colour of Magic, there's a moment where we get a glimpse of an alternate universe where Twoflower and Rincewind are travelling on a plane, when "Zweiblumen" collapses. Someone asks "Rjinswand" to help since he's a Doctor, but Rjinswand points out that he would only be any help if Zweiblumen were some sort of nuclear reactor.
A scene in one of the Adrian Mole books has Pandora jumping into a taxi with the words "I'm a doctor and this is an emergency!" She doesn't mention she's a doctor of philosophy.
Parodied regularly in The Colbert Report: after getting his Doctorate of Fine Arts from Knox College, Stephen immediately started assuming that he could perform operations. He even started a recurring segment called "Cheating Death, with Dr. Stephen T Colbert, DFA".
Being a doctor of fine arts, he's only qualified to do operations on paintings.
In Stargate SG-1, a Humanoid Alien Bounty Hunter assumes Jackson is that kind of doctor and the following conversation occurs:
Aris Boch: Dr. Jackson, if you don't mind treating my wound.
Dr. Jackson: I'm an archaeologist.
Aris Boch: I know, but you're also a doctor.
Dr. Jackson: ...of archaeology.
Sam Carter is an astrophysicist, but don't call her "Doctor", as we learn in "Children of the Gods". It is appropriate to refer to a person by their rank, not their salutation. "Call me 'Captain', not 'Doctor'." (Nowadays you call her "Colonel" or "ma'am").
She then proceeds to introduce herself to Dr. Jackson as "Doctor". To which O'Neill quips, "I thought you wanted to be called 'Captain'."
She is referred to as "Doctor" in parallel universes where she did not enter the military.
Another episode has Carter, O'Neil, and Jackson step out of the Stargate to find a woman in labor. After Jackson says he's Not That Kind of Doctor, O'Neil and Daniel look at Carter.
Carter: Why are you looking at me?
Dr. Rodney McKay of Stargate Atlantis is most certainly Not That Kind of Doctor - he's an astrophysicist, and considers medicine to be no more scientific than voodoo, as pointed out in "Search and Rescue", where he has to deliver Teyla's baby.
Likewise, in part one of the season 5 mid-season two-parter, Daniel Jackson outright states "I'm not that kind of doctor." after he and McKay are ordered by the new Big Bad to get an incredibly sophisticated machine working.
While Jackson does state the trope title verbatim, in this instance he's being confused with another type of Not That Kind of Doctor, not a physician.
Dr. Ross Geller of Friends has that title on the basis of a PhD in paleontology.
One time, when the gang was at a hospital:
Ross: I'm Doctor Ross Geller.
Rachel: Ross, stop it. That actually means something here.
Dr. Temperance 'Bones' Brennan of Bones is an anthropologist, and she is quick to correct anyone who refers to her as anything but Dr. Brennan.
Though her boss, Dr. Camille "Cam" Saroyan, is a forensic pathologist—and, thus, is that kind of doctor. (Though that isn't her day job.)
In one episode, when Brennan is introduced as Doctor Brennan to a physician, he immediately asks "M.D.?", to which she replies "Ph.D". The physician then makes a snide remark about academics, which is rather galling considering an academic doctorate is often harder, and almost always requires more time to obtain than a medical one.
In addition, physicians couldn't even become physicians without Ph.D-holding professors (Biology, Chemistry, and/or Physics knowledge needed for MCATs/Med school)
Dr. Mary Albright from 3rd Rock from the Sun has a PhD. in Anthropology, but Viki Dubchek, the white trash woman who's the daughter of the Solomon's landlady and Harry's on-and-off GF, thinks she's a medical doctor. The gag actually carries to the point where Viki asks Mary to deliver her baby, and ignores Mary's outright statements of "I'm Not That Kind of Doctor", believing that Mary doesn't want to do it because she doesn't have medical insurance.
CSI: Dr. Gil Grissom is a PhD not an MD as he is quick to remind someone who asks him how to treat an animal bite. Although, as an entomologist, he's pretty good with bug bites.
There was an episode of Lost in Space when aliens mistook Dr Smith for a medical doctor, despite his protests otherwise. Of course, he was originally a medical doctor, but then the writers just changed him to a Morally-Ambiguous Doctorate.
Used in, of all places, Growing Pains where Dr. Seaver has to help a young girl during her Born in An Elevator moment. When she hears his title he admits that he is a Psychiatrist, not a Medical Doctor, but assures her that he is still trained in basic medicine.
This is Truth in Television given that you have to earn an MD to be a psychiatrist.
Aversion: Dr. Frasier Crane and his brother Niles are both That Kind Of Doctor, despite frequently (and amusingly) being mistaken for Not. Possibly a borderline case since psychiatrists (MDs who complete residencies and board certification in mental illness) are commonly conflated with non-MD-holding mental health professionals such as psychologists and social workers.
It doesn't help that Frasier and Niles are usually seen helping people with personal drama, bad habits, and relationship issues, which is, usually, a councilor or social worker's job. Frasier uses his Ivy-league education to feed his minor celebrity while Niles seems to care more about maintaining his lifestyle and social status. The joke may be that no one takes Psychiatry seriously, or that nobody takes them seriously because they're more concerned with money and reputation than helping people with serious mental illness.
Lampshaded in one episode of Cheers , where Frasier looks at a bar patron's injured leg and tells him how to treat it, then turns to Lilith and says, "See? I could have been a 'real doctor'!"
Comes up in the occasional joke about Criminal Minds' Dr. Reid.
Reid: (poking at a mutilated corpse with excited interest) Did you know that originally birthday candles were intended to protect the cake's recipients from evil spirits, so much so that the Church condemned birthday celebrations as a pagan ritual?
Cop: (after a long pause) What kind of doctor did you say you were?
In The West Wing, Josiah Bartlett is a Doctor of Economics. Of course, he also has another title he prefers to be addressed by throughout the series. It does, however, give him a minor moment of awesome when the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court—not a fan of his—snidely refers to him as "Mr. Bartlett".
Bartlett: It's Doctor Bartlett, your honor.
His wife, Abby, is That Kind Of Doctor. However, she loses her license to practice throughout the remainder of his term once her role in his keeping his multiple sclerosis from the American people was revealed.
Also shows up in one of the show's Crowning Moments Of Awesome, where President Bartlett tears a conservative radio personality to shreds. At the beginning of their conversation, he asks her what exactly her doctorate is in (it's English literature).
Mad Men: Dr Faye Miller is not that kind of doctor, but her father has a heart condition so she knows the symptoms.
The Big Bang Theory has most of the main and recurring characters have Doctorates in physics, with others in microbiology and neurobiology. The character Howard has a Masters in Engineering, which leads to plenty of jokes at his expense for not being a doctor. Of course there are a few occasions where people mistake their title as being medical doctors: "A doctor doctor or a you kind of doctor?"
Troy gets stuck on this Community episode English as a Second Language when introduced to their substitute teacher.
Troy: Why is she teaching Spanish? Go cure something!
Doctor Who: In addition to the title character, River Song is a doctor (and, someday, Professor) of archaeology.
Rory: (after watching her curb-stomp homicidal aliens) So...what kind of doctor are you?
River: Archaeology. (shoots the last one standing without looking) Love a tomb.
Tommy Oliver picked up a doctorate in paleontology at some point between Turbo and Dino Thunder. Parodied a couple of seasons later.
Kira: Doctor O. would have loved to see that.
Adam: You know, I still can't believe he's a doctor.
In Cabin Pressure, a passenger gets a heart attack on an airplane. Whilst trying to decide whether to divert or not, the pilots notice there's a doctor on board and start requesting ever more urgently that any person with medical training come to the flight deck. As noone comes, they start speaking of a "hypothetical doctor" with a hypothetical sandy mustache hypothetically sitting in the seventh row. As the man eventually comes, he advises a bridge, because a tunnel's out of the question...and really his Ph.D.'s in engineering.
Dan Coffey hosts a show called Ask Dr. Science (a Spin-Off from Duck's Breath Mystery Theater), justifying it because, although "not a real doctor," he "has a Masters Degree ... in Science!"
In the main Mega Man timeline (and nearly all fan works), being a "Doctor" doesn't invariably mean you're a medical doctor...instead, it invariably means you build robots. ::sigh::
Notably, it means you build robots even if you have a doctorate in something else. Dr. Cain, for instance, has a background in archaeology and botany, and still invented reploids.
Dr. Loboto from Psychonauts, as quoted above. Of course, not knowing jack about brain surgery doesn't necessarily stop him from performing it...
He is a dentist, however. Whether or not he actually has a degree is debatable.
Dr. Gordon Freeman, though he has yet to be mistaken for a medical doctor.
Oddly enough, he has been mistaken for a physicist somehow.
Possibly justified as anyone who can routinely and effectively utilize a standard medical kit to treat radiation burns, poisonous bug bites, extraterrestrial bug bites, broken bones, bullet wounds, and a mild cough would probably require at least an M.D.
Or a full-body ultra-high-tech powered armor with an AI (HEV), which performs medical operations by itself.
Or he got his Ph.D on a military scholarship.
In My Sims Agents, when Dr. F introduces himself as such, Buddy asks if he can assume he's not a medical doctor. Indeed he can! Alexa clarifies that his degrees are in robotonomy and robotology.
Lots of characters in Mass Effect, including but not limited to:
Dr. Liara T'Soni (archaeology)
Dr. Rana Thanoptis (neuroscience)
Dr. Saleon (genetics, possibly transplant medicine - but then he was a Mad Scientist anyway)
Dr. Mordin Solus (genetics, biochemistry - though he does run a clinic). He's also a Professor.
Dr. Okeer (genetics)
One of these creates an odd inversion of Not That Kind of Doctor. During the suicide mission, Mordin is a candidate for the Tech Specialist position. Try to use him in that regard, however, and he's guaranteed to die. I'm a doctor, not a hacker.
It was revealed in Poker Night At the Inventory that The Heavy has a doctorate in Russian Literature.
The Engineer has eleven "hard science" doctorates.
Hilariously inverted with the Medic, who doesn't have any degree (at least not anymore).
Sonic the Hedgehog has Doctor Eggman Robotnik. We never find out what his doctorate is in, but it's probably some kind of physics or engineering degree, if his robots are anything to go by.
Considering his studies on Sealed Evil in a Can, he also may have some kind of ancient history degree.
In Last Res0rt, Dr. Daisy Archanis is a roboticist of some kind.
PHD is a Webcomic about Grad Students who are studying to become Doctors. Also, their Guide Professors and one main character are Doctors too. But no one is a Physician or even a Physician Student.
"Doc" from The Whiteboard isn't actually one, in spite of his nickname, but it beats having the ER staff laugh at you again.
Schlock Mercenary toys with this when they land on an uncharted planet. After Tagon gets unexpectedly eaten by a sea-going predator (which he shoots his way out of) he calls in Kevyn and Bunnigus for professional opinions. Kevyn is an engineer. Bunnigus is a medic. They wind up calling in the chef instead.
Chvorth'q: I think we're gonna need more salt.
Chainsawsuit: Tucker Cogburn is the wrong kind of doctor.
Dr. Jean Poule of The Inexplicable Adventures of Bob is a biologist with a PhD in polymicrofragilistic monoclonalexpialidocious.
Sluggy Freelance has Dr. Slock. Bring in the inflatable stretchers!
In Freeman's Mind, Gordon Freeman, upon seeing the dead scientist just outside the test chamber: "Oh hell. Is that guy dead? Dammit, I'm a doctor not a... normal doctor!"
Dr. Venture from The Venture Bros is usually called "Doctor Venture", even though he dropped out of school after his father died.
Dr. Orpheus (whose official credentials are a major in Communication with a minor in Women's Studies from a community college yet claims to have received his doctorate from "a higher power") is the only character to always call Dr. Venture "Mr. Venture." The causes and implications of this are unknown.
The only character known for certain to have a real doctorate is Jonas Jr., who earned two of them only a few months after escaping from Dr. Venture's bowels.
It's been implied that Billy may be an actual doctorate and possibly even That Kind of Doctor; he mentions that he is a "neurogeneticist" and while he admits that this is not an area with much hands-on applicability, he's still apparently the gang's go-to guy for medical help and we've seen him perform surgery several times.
He doesn't legally have a doctorate until Season 4, where he gets a forged one via Monstroso's connections.
After The Monarch has a severe allergic reaction to a gourmet meal, his wife Dr. Mrs. The Monarch tells him she can't help, as she's not a doctor. When he asks why he called her Dr. Girlfriend during the years when they dated, she clarifies that she's "not that kind of doctor", although it's not clear what kind of doctor she might be.
She mentions she's a physicist in a fourth season episode when tracking Captain Sunshine.
Drs. Baxter Stockman and Chaplin from the second Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles series are often referred to by their titles; despite both being Omnidisciplinary Scientists neither has shown any indication of even dabbling in medicine.
Similar to her parents, in the previous section, Kim Possible has Dr. Drakken. His however is a Morally-Ambiguous Doctorate since he "let himself out" of higher education before graduating.
Batman the Brave And The Bold:
Aquaman: What kind of medicine shall we prescribe, doc?
The Atom: You don't know what kind of a doctor I am, do you?
Aquaman: A hero doctor, through and through!
The Atom: ...a physicist.
Played With, however—his knowledge of physics allows him to shrink down and pull off a Fantastic Voyage to save Batman anyway.
Family Guy: When the Griffin family starts working with Dr. Diddy at his record label, Chris asks Diddy if he could perform surgery on himself in the event he got shot. Whereupon Dr. Diddy calmly replies that his doctorate is in optometry.
In Booster Gold's episode of Justice League Unlimited, he comes across a woman giving birth and tries to pass responsibility to Doctor Simmons, who informs him that she's a physicist.
There was a related exchange in an episode of the old animated The Real Ghostbusters cartoon between The Chick and the Plucky Comic Relief on an episode with weird weather. "Besides, we're not meteorologists. We are scientists." "A meteorologist is a scientist."
In Futurama, amazingly Doctor Zoidberg, who has declared people dead when they have been sitting up and talking, and diagnosed robots with fin-rot, DOES have a doctorate. It is a doctorate in Art History. A reversal in that it's only Zoidberg himself who doesn't seem to realize that this doesn't qualify him to be a medical doctor.
An episode from the Uncancelled season reveals that Zoidberg is in fact That Kind Of Doctor... but his field of medical study is xenobiology, meaning that while he's a brilliant surgeon when it comes to all sorts of alien races, he doesn't know squat about human beings. It also reveals that Professor Farnsworth keeps him around in spite of this because they're True Companions.
Subverted in Archer:
Cyril: But we'd need a doctor!
Cheryl: So? Krieger's a doctor.
Cyril: Not the medical kind!
Dr. Krieger: Not even the other kind, technically.
In Rick and Morty, Beth is a veterinarian who specializes in horses, but claiming she isn't a "real doctor" will trigger her Berserk Button. And for good reason, as even in Real Life, veterinary medicine can often be even harder to master than regular medicine.
Hitler's Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels demanded that everyone would call him "Doctor Goebbels". His doctorate? Literature.
The demand is not that unusual in Germany, where titles are given much more respect than North America. Also, physicians in general are typically referred to as "Ärzt" instead of "Doktor", so the title doesn't quite have the same connotations as in English.
People with two doctorates may demand to be addressed as Doctor Doctor X (although it's kind of cumbersome and no one actually ever does so). People with a Professorate and a separate Doctorate generally will be addressed as Professor Doctor, though not usually in everyday conversation.
On the other hand, some teachers with a doctorate or professor's degree at some universities and schools don't insist on being called "Professor/Dr. (name)", and even discourage it in many cases. At many other colleges and universities, however, "Doctor So-and-so" or "Professor So-and-so" is the established way for a student to address their doctorate-holding instructor, and to do otherwise would come across as, at worst, very rude.
Uwe Boll also has a doctorate in literature. Good luck finding an unironic mention of him as "Doctor Boll", though.
Is he claiming to be a genius in that field, too?
Doctoral students everywhere. After going through the very long, sometimes soul-sucking process of actually getting that PhD, you damn well want some acknowledgment for it. And yet the public insists on thinking that all doctors are physicians.
The radio talk therapist Dr. Laura Schlessinger is a doctor of physiology, not psychiatry. Not false advertising exactly (she's perfectly entitled to put Dr. before her name), but misleading.
Aversion: Every university graduate in Italy is referred to as "Dottore" or "Dottoressa." Unless, that is, they have some more prestigious title, such as "Avvocato" (avocado lawyer) or even better, "Ingegnere" (engineer.)
It's so pervasive that many people will tend to automatically address as "dottore" someone who seems to be of high status. Also, even some non-graduates may be addressed by a title if their profession commands respect: the most common example is "Geometra" (a skilled construction technician, who has authority to approve some civil engineering projects).
Dr. Phil is not a medical doctor, but has a doctorate in psychology.
He also has no license to practice, having officially retired in 2006. Apparently his TV show counts as "entertainment" rather than "psychology", so it's not against the law for him to continue hosting it.
The degree handed out by Law Schools is called a Juris Doctor, and yet no one ever refers to lawyers as "Doctor".
Only some law schools give out JD, others hand out Bachelor of Law or Master of Law. All are generally considered the same thing except in name. It is also possible in some places to become a lawyer without having attended law school.
All U.S. law schools award the J.D. as the first professional degree in law, while the Master of Law (LL.M.) is an advanced degree in certain specialized areas of law (most commonly taxation). Law schools in other common law jurisdictions (e.g., the UK, Canada, Australia) award the Bachelor of Law (LL.B.) as the first professional degree. In the UK at least, it is possible to get an LL.M. one year after completing the LL.B. and before (or even without) attending law school itself.
Of course, this is very specific to the respective jurisdictions. In others, the legal system may be completely different. For example, in the German-speaking part of Europe (Germany, Austria and Switzerland), there is no law school as in the U.S., but legal studies are a "normal" course of studies at university: first you get a Bachelor of Arts degree, afterwards a Master of Arts degree. Then you may or may not become a doctorate student, which will give you simply a PHD in Law; the important part is taking the Advocate exam (which you can do as soon as you have a MA degree). If you pass the exam, you get the title "RA" or "Rechtsanwalt" (literally "Lawyer"), so it is common for lawyers to use two titles: "RA Dr. McCoolname" - which would translate roughly to "G. McCoolname, PHD, JD".
In Crossing Jordan, when Dr. Jack Slocum takes over, his office door reads "Jack Slocum MD, PhD, JD". So he's all three kinds of doctor!
One imagines that he has an uncomfortable time at medical and legal conventions, given the lawyer jokes and doctor jokes that tend to fly at such events.
Madalyn Murray O'Hair actually was commonly referred to as "Dr. O'Hair" in American Atheist publications, though technically she earned a L.L.B which was later converted when all first professional law degrees in the US were automatically changed to JDs. (However, her school wasn't ABA approved so she couldn't sit for the bar exam.) Though in an inversion, she most likely was hoping to be mistaken for "not that kind of doctor", because despite her public legal battles earlier in her life, her articles by this point tended to delve into history, and obviously a Ph.D., especially if it was assumed to be in some kind of study of history as would be assumed for a doctor writing papers on history without mentioning otherwise, would add far more credibility to her many less than mainstream views (and because, as previously mentioned, no lawyer without a M.D. or Ph.D. refers to themselves as a doctor in the first place, so gaining legal credibility wouldn't make sense unless she hoped to be mistaken for a Doctor of Juridical Science, who do refer to themselves as "doctor").
Former vice president Joe Biden's wife Jill being criticized for using the title because she's not that kind of doctor.
Nutritionist Gillian McKeith, who "voluntarily" stopped calling herself Dr. Gillian McKeith on the grounds she wasn't a medical doctor, just before the Advertising Standards Authority insisted that she stop calling herself that because the college she got her PhD from was "not accredited by any recognised educational authority".
In other words, not only is she Not That Kind of Doctor, she's not actually any kind of doctor.
According to the book Bad Science, that was in fact the Advertising Standards Authority's actual take on the situation. The part about the specific concern that people would mistake her for a health professional (that kind of doctor, to be specific) was just her own spin she gave when she was explaining her decision to stop using the title. For the ASA adjudication, the criticism was that people would assume that her advice was coming from the someone holding the position of a recognized Ph.D. or M.D.
There was once a controversy in the letters page of the Financial Times as to whether an individual was entitled to be addressed as "Dr" or not, with the paper taking the position that they would award the title to Ph.D.s but only if the FT had seen proof that the individual had completed a doctorate. One reader commented that they should check whether surgeons had earned the title of "Mr."
Dr. Susan Block, best known for her sex advice, got her graduate and post-graduate degrees in philosophy, though "with an emphasis in psychology" and her undergraduate degree was in theater studies.
Having grown up the child of a university administrator, this troper would like to point out that it's fairly common for this to come into play among staff members. Doctorates in business, literature, engineering and history are formally addressed in pretty much the same way, especially with letters and public addresses, as a sign of respect.
Theodor Geisel, AKA "Dr. Seuss", was technically a doctor, his degree being a a D.Phil. in English Literature from Oxford; the "Dr." part of his signature was merely a pen name.
Field Marshal Blücher was given an honorary doctorate (in law) by Oxford University. But then his work did contribute to medical science
As did that of the Duke of Wellington who was similarly honoured the same day, June 14, 1814. Blücher at the time joked that if they made him an honorary doctor they should also make Gneisenau, his chief of staff, an honorary apothecary. He and Gneisenau got honorary doctorates (in philosophy) from Berlin University later that year.
In one of dialects of my language 'physicist' meant physician. Nucleus shares the word with kernel. So when female presented herself as nuclear physicist... (given—it was in time when nuclear physics what esoteric area of physics and 'no one' heard of it).
Dr. Dre did not attend any university. He does have an honorary degree in Street Knowledge, though.
Despite his claims to the contrary, creationist Kent "Dr. Dino" Hovind does not hold a valid doctorate. He bought his "degree" from a non-accredited "university" where he Did Not Do the Research.
Dr Pepper and its knockoffs (of course)
Sir Doctor Stephen Colbert, DFA. Doctorate of Fine Arts, an honorary degree or one given to a graduate student of the highest caliber. It means he has made a contribution to the field, and human knowledge.
Dr. Karl Sven Woytek Sas Konkovitch Matthew Kruszelnicki (usually called Dr. Karl), igNobel Laureate and science guy, has not done a PhD. He has a lot of degrees, but he's "Dr." because of a Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery.
Dr. Hunter S. Thompson received an honorary doctorate from the Universal Life Church in the late sixties. Not sure what for, but he liked calling himself a "doctor of journalism" and having people referring to him as such.
Several nurses have doctorates in nursing, which entitles them to be called "doctor." This causes some friction with physicians.
Dr. Lewis Yablonski is a sociologist who in 1967 visited several hippie communes and residences to gather information for a book (later titled The Hippie Trip). When he went to Morningstar in Northern California, he said "I'm Dr. Yablonski, they're expecting me" and the man who greeted him immediately turned around and called out "The doctor's here! Is anyone sick?"
According to AP style, the Dr. honorific is only supposed to be used for actual medical doctors.
Derek Smart, the man behind Battlecruiser 3000AD and Universal Combat claims to possess a doctorate and frequently titles himself as Ph.D, but his thesis is not listed anywhere, and he has not divulged basic details about his doctorate, such as which college he attended or who was his supervisor. There's understandable suspicion that he's lying.
↑ Historically, being a doctor (the equivalent to GP today) was considered a more upper-class and gentlemanly career than surgery, as they do not have to get their hands dirty. Most surgeons are simply working-class barbers. However when the modern era rolled around and surgery become a more specialized and prestigious line of work than mere doctoring, the surgeons refused the title of Doctor as a sort of passive-aggressive middle-finger to the snobs who denied them the title 300-ish years previously.
↑ indicates an honorary degree
↑ A Doctor of Divinity is a degree in theology, that Christian clergy often have
Retrieved from "https://allthetropes.org/w/index.php?title=Not_That_Kind_of_Doctor&oldid=1713859"
Pages with Examples That Are Not Timeless
Doctor Index
Characterization Tropes
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alum.mit.edu Alumni Life Creating a Network of Drivers to Lift a Community
Creating a Network of Drivers to Lift a Community
Finding success in a big, informal market of a developing country is a tall task for any new company — which makes Nigerian mobility startup Max NG’s success all the more distinctive. The company is currently disrupting not just one huge market of West Africa, but two.
In the four years since its founding, Max NG has created a network of motorcycle drivers — currently 1,500 and projected to double by year’s end — that perform both package deliveries and transportation services for residents in cities including Lagos, the Nigerian metropolis with nearly three times as many people as New York City.
By the end of next year, Max NG’s founders hope to be operating in three or four countries, with about 20,000 drivers on their platform. To help realize its ambitious projections, the company has already secured partnerships with the likes of Yamaha, Mastercard, and the e-commerce giant Jumia.
“The mototaxi industry and the tuk tuk industry are extremely popular, but they’re informal in the West Africa region,” co-founder Adetayo Bamiduro MBA ’15 says, referring to the three-wheeled, hooded rickshaws known as tuk tuks that Max NG drivers have also begun using. “Across West Africa, there’s about 12 million to 15 million mototaxi drivers, so Max has a huge opportunity to formalize this industry.”
Max NG is also pushing the delivery and transportation industries forward as it seeks to stand out amid increasing competition. Bamiduro, who founded the company with Chinedu Azodoh MFin ’15, says Max NG recently developed the first locally assembled electric motorcycle in West Africa and will be deploying 500 such vehicles, along with charging stations, next year.
The initiative to electrify comes on top of the founders’ core commitment to make the industries safer, part of a wider emphasis on looking beyond the business opportunity and focusing on the impact the company has on the tens of thousands of people who benefit from its services.
Bamiduro thinks a lot about the woman working late who is now able to use a vetted, trained driver with an extra helmet to get home. He also thinks a lot about Max NG’s drivers — the company refers to them as champions — who he says experience an improved standing in their communities to go along with a bigger paycheck.
“A huge chunk of the population relies on this industry to get by, so it’s really important just from the sense of jobs,” Bamiduro says. “But it’s also a dangerous industry because of the lack of structure. It’s a big economic opportunity, but also a big opportunity for impact.”
Reshaping transportation
The coastal city of Lagos, Nigeria, with its burgeoning skyline and rapidly growing economy, is home to more than 21 million people. The city is also one of the most congested in the world, with commuters spending an average of 30 hours per week stuck in traffic. Bamiduro says some people spend up to 70 percent of their work hours trapped in the city’s gridlocked, underdeveloped roadways.
In response to this problem, people rely on informal mototaxis that come with their own problems. The vast majority of these informal drivers — Bamiduro says 98 percent — don’t wear helmets or provide them to passengers. Someone getting onto the back of a bike can’t tell if a driver is well-trained or if they will even obey traffic rules. Riders also risk being kidnapped or becoming the victim of some other crime in the city, a large chunk of which is perpetuated by people on motorcycles.
Max NG provides its drivers with a pair of high-quality helmets, distinctive yellow jackets, and new bikes, which it can loan drivers who enter one-year repayment plans. Each driver goes through extensive training on basic traffic rules, strategies for driving in inclement weather, and defensive driving tactics. They also must pass a background check, and every bike is tracked to deter crime and poor driving.
In a market like Nigeria, where there are not a lot of protection systems built for the lower class, driving for Max is their ticket out of the wild wild west.
To order a ride, users can go through Max NG’s app, call the company’s service center, or simply flag down a free driver on the street. Cash and credit cards are accepted so people without smartphones or bank accounts can also benefit from the service.
“Max makes it super easy to dash across town very quickly in a safe, affordable, and efficient way,” Bamiduro says.
Finding a business model
Bamiduro and Azodoh, who are both from Nigeria, entered MIT’s Sloan School of Management in 2013 and 2014, respectively. They started Max NG as a motorcycle delivery company in the beginning of 2015, participating in MIT’s IDEAS Global Challenge, the MIT $100K pitch competition, and the Venture Mentoring Service. Bamiduro was also a fellow at the Legatum Center at MIT.
“We took full advantage of the MIT entrepreneurship ecosystem and resources that were available while we were there,” Bamiduro recalls.
While still pursuing their degrees, they developed a mobile software tool that let people enter their pickup and drop off points and connect with drivers. Before launching, the founders were able to get three e-commerce companies, including Jumia, which went public on the New York Stock Exchange earlier this year, to commit to using their service.
By the summer of 2017, the company was helping a network of motorcycle drivers complete 500 deliveries per day throughout Lagos, enabling customers to receive same-day delivery. That’s when the company began piloting its transportation solution.
Today, Max NG’s employees are benefiting from the company’s success as much as its customers. Bamiduro says drivers make three times more money driving for Max NG compared to working as independent drivers. They also get access to high quality equipment, accident insurance, and the backing of an organized community.
“In a market like Nigeria, where there are not a lot of protection systems built for the lower class, driving for Max is their ticket out of the wild wild west, where no one is looking out for you and you don’t belong to any organized system,” Bamiduro says. “You also ride a plaid motorcycle and you wear a plaid jacket, and that improves the level of dignity you enjoy out there, because then people know you are part of a formal organization committed to quality. One of the things drivers tell us they like most often is the dignity of the work.”
Earlier this year, Max NG made a splash when it raised $7 million in a funding round that included motorcycle manufacturer Yamaha. But Bamiduro says the company is already in talks to raise another, much larger funding round by the middle of next year.
The money will help the company build out charging infrastructure for its new electric fleet and help finance motorcycle purchasing agreements for a growing pool of drivers. The plan is to not only lift up the company, but also to improve West Africa’s infrastructure in the process.
“We’re building infrastructure to provide energy and mobility in West African cities, and we’re also partnering with established players like local banks and Mastercard to build more robust payment infrastructure for that mobility,” Bamiduro says. “We and other startups are at the forefront of building basic infrastructure that’s required to deliver critical services in mobility, financial services, energy, agriculture, health care in the region today.”
This story was originally published on MIT News.
Photo (top): Courtesy of Max NG.
How to Communicate by the Numbers
In this recent MIT Career Lunch & Learn, Doumont discusses a general guideline for how many items to present together, as well as other key points for structuring communications.
Affordable Communal Living for Boston-Area Seniors
Ken Shulman
“We’re wrong to think people should be aging in place alone,” says Amy Schectman MCP ’82, CEO of 2Life Communities.
Startup Uses Virtual Reality to Help Seniors Re-Engage With the World
The Benefits of a Neurodiverse Workforce
“ESPN for Politics”: Young Alumni Launch Nonpartisan Civic Media Platform
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Ayurvedic Cooking for Westerners by Amadea Morningstar1 x $19.95
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The Heart and Science of Yoga®, paperback
The American Meditation Institute's Self-Care Program for a Happy, Healthy, Joyful Life The Heart and Science of Yoga® (2nd Edition - Revised and Expanded) is both the record of a personal journey and a transformational teaching. You'll find easy-to-learn meditations, prayers, teaching stories from the world's great spiritual traditions, breathing practices, a user's guide for the mind, techniques for accessing intuitive wisdom, an introduction to ancient Ayurvedic health principles and a holistic program of easy, gentle exercise. Whether you are a beginner or a long-time student, Leonard provides loving support and valuable insights to advance your understanding, deepen your practice and nurture your Self-transformation. The Heart and Science of Yoga® is the perfect companion and guide on the greatest adventure you will ever have -- your personal journey to a happy, healthy and joyful life.
Sacred Journey: Living Purposefully and Dying Gracefully by Swami Rama
To understand death, a person must try to understand the purpose of life and the relationship between life and death. The two are partners, each providing a context for the other. Death is not a period, but merely a pause on a long journey. When life and death are accepted as having real meaning and purpose, and death is understood and accepted as part of the human journey, then the fear of death disappears and life can be lived fully. This book is about the relationship between life and death, and the 'how and why' of organizing one's life in a way that leads to expansion and growth, and that is helpful in preparing for the transition we call death.
This book shows how to maintain a joyful view of life and how to transform habit patterns.
Perennial Psychology of the Bhagavad Gita by Swami Rama
The Bhagavad Gita is the fountainhead of Eastern psychology, and this new, authoritative translation and commentary is designed to draw out the psychological concepts of this immortal text and make them accesible to all students. The author focuses on the relevance of these principles to today's world and explains their practical application in daily life. The author shows how each of the eighteen chapters of the Bhagavad Gita constitutes a separate lesson in truth and life. Each chapter describes a different aspect of the process of Self-realization, and the practices themselves progress toward the goal of life.
Easwaran takes one of India's classic wisdom texts, the Katha Upanishad, and explains how it embraces all the key ideas of Indian spirituality within the context of a powerful mythic quest - the story of a young hero who ventures into the land of death in search of immortality. Illustrating the insights of the Katha through analogies and everyday examples, Easwaran shows how these ancient teachings help us gain a deeper understanding of our world and ourselves today.
Getting caught in unwanted thoughts and emotions can feel like an inevitable part of life. But Eknath Easwaran, a world-famous spiritual teacher who taught meditation for nearly 40 years, shows a way to break free. Just as a fitness routine can result in a strong, supple body, spiritual disciplines can shape a secure personality and a resilient, loving mind. Best of all, these opportunities to grow stronger spiritually arise not only during meditation but throughout the day. Whether working with difficult colleagues, going out to eat, or responding to a child’s needs, readers learn how to try out different, wiser choices. With humor and empathy, Easwaran places timeless teachings from the Buddha and other mystics into contemporary scenes — watching a juggler on the street, taking a tennis lesson, going to the theater. Training the mind is life’s biggest adventure, and Conquest of Mind shows how this practice brings deepening relationships, increasing vitality, and a greater sense of purpose.
Chosen for their universal spiritual appeal, literary merit, and recognized wisdom, these selections are perfect subjects for meditation and daily inspirational reading. Drawing from Christian, Jewish, Hindu, Buddhist, Muslim, and Native American sacred literature, this expanded third edition serves as a useful reference and guide to world mysticism. Included are Easwaran's criteria for choosing personally transformative passages, tips on memorization, and suggestions for further reading.
In this CD, meditation teacher and philosopher Leonard Perlmutter (Ram Lev) guides you on how to experience consciousness yourself. By using this CD you can learn how to deal with distractions, reduce stress, enhance your body’s immune system and become more focused, creative and content.
Words To Live By by Eknath Easwaran
This warmly encouraging collection of daily readings offers immediate inspiration for readers seeking a more spiritually grounded lifestyle. Each reading is based on a quotation from one of the world’s great philosophers, poets, saints, and sages. Augustine and Einstein, Emily Dickinson and Jalaladdin Rumi, Biblical verses, Buddhist sutras, Hasidic proverbs, and Hindu Upanishads can all be found here. Each quote is accompanied by a commentary from Easwaran, explaining how the wisdom of the ages can help us here and now. Some days offer gentle reminders to slow down and be mindful. Other days give advice for changing an unwanted habit, mending a relationship, staying strong in hard times, or striving toward the peaks of spirituality described in all religions. This is a book to read in the morning to start the day right, or at night to prepare for peaceful rest. Each day, each year, brings fresh insights and inspiration.
A daily guide for navigating life’s challenges, 365 Prescriptions for the Soul offers bite-sized insights with Dr. Siegel’s unique blend of heart-touching humor and wisdom. Each entry introduces a topic accompanied by an inspirational quote and a “Solution of the Day.” Designed to fit into a busy schedule, the meditations are also easy to understand. They can help create a sense of well-being by pointing the way to more peaceful, loving, and conscious living. As Siegel summarizes: “What heals the soul, heals the mind and body as well.”
Swami Rama covers the entire philosophy of life in these lectures. It teaches the individual how to understand one word and that is called freedom—freedom from all bondages, from all ignorance. That state which is free from stress, strain, bondage and ignorance is called the state of enlightenment and that can be considered to be the state of perfection.
Dr. Theodore Baroody shows how excess acids in the small intestines can negatively affect that vital organ. It will give readers a clear understanding of how alkalizing our body tissues can boost overall health and the health of specific areas of our body. Eating alkaline forming foods is a solution to the problem of excess tissue acids, but drinking alkaline water produced by any of our quality Alkaline water ionizers is a more simple and effective way flushing out acid waste from our body.
Anatomy of Hatha Yoga—revised and updated with full color illustrations and photos—is the most comprehensive and authoritative work available correlating the study of hatha yoga with anatomy and physiology. It is a must-have for anyone who is serious about studying or teaching yoga, and an invaluable resource for anyone in a field relating to physical conditioning. The author holds a PhD in Anatomy and was a sought-after professor, teacher and yoga practitioner for over thirty years.
At the Feet of a Himalayan Master unfolds the secrets of personal sadhana and direct contact with a great guru that are rare to find in any published literature, and with contemporary and western disciples facing the modern world and all of its limitations. The book helps us understand the many facets and real nature of genuine spiritual practice in the Himalayan tradition and how it can transform the mind and heart.
One of the world’s most acclaimed spiritual classics. As the life story of Paramahansa Yogananda- who is often referred to as the Father of Yoga in the West- the book has touched the hearts and minds of millions around the globe. Translated into many languages, it has served as an ambassador for India’s ancient science of yoga, introducing countless readers to the methods for attaining God-realization that are India’s unique and lasting contribution to the world civilization.
Ayurveda Secrets of Healing is the most complete offering of the original cleansing and rejuvenative therapies of Pancha Karma, first taught and practiced by the ancient Vedic seers. In this definitive work, Maya Tiwari is the first author to reveal this sophisticated and timeless healing process in a way which is both comprehensive and readily adaptable to modern western culture. This book .." will be of immense value to health professionals as well as those who are interested in healing themselves," says Dr. Deepak Chopra, M.D.
For the first time a book is available which clearly explains the principles and practical applications of Ayurveda, the oldest healing system in the world. This beautifully illustrated text thoroughly explains history & philosophy, basic principles, diagnostic techniques, treatment, diet, medicinal usage of kitchen herbs & spices, first aid, food aid, food antidotes and much more.
Ayurveda, Nature's Medicine contains a full description of Ayurveda on all levels from diet and herbs to yoga and meditation,explaining both Ayurvedic diagnostic and treatment methods.
The Ayurvedic Cookbook gives a fresh new perspective on this ancient art of self-healing. Over 250 taste-tested recipes are specifically designed to balance each constitution, with an emphasis on simplicity, ease and sound nutrition.
Ayurvedic Healing presents the Ayurvedic treatment of common diseases, covering over eighty different ailments from the common cold to cancer. It provides a full range of treatment methods including diet, herbs, oils, gems, mantra and meditation. The book also shows the appropriate life-style practices and daily health considerations for your unique mind-body type both as an aid to disease treatment and for disease prevention. This extraordinary book is a complete manual of Ayurvedic health care that offers the wisdom of this ancient system of mind-body medicine to the modern reader relative to our special health concerns today. The present edition is a revised and expanded version of the original 1989 edition, covering additional diseases and adding new treatments.
Ayurvedic Cooking for Westerners offers familiar Western foods lovingly prepared with Ayurvedic principles. Learn how to cook fresh, easy to make recipes for healthy folks, as well as those with illnesses, including allergies and candida.
Vivid literature, lofty philosophy -- the Bhagavad Gita distills the finest in India's vast and varied culture On the morning of battle, facing Armageddon, prince Arjuna loses his nerve and refuses to fight. Krishna knows better: "Your very nature will drive you to fight. Your only choice is what to fight against." His advice gives an inspiring model of the man or woman of action -- the person who aims at goodness in a world of conflict and change. In this translation, the Gita stands out as a book of choices -- direct, practical, universal. The introduction sketches the background of the poem and gives clear, contemporary explanations of the basic ideas of Indian philosophy: karma, reincarnation, yoga, freedom. Separate chapter introductions outline the drama as it unfolds.
In the Bhagavad Gita, Prince Arjuna asks direct, uncompromising questions of his spiritual guide on the eve of a great battle.
In this best-selling and expanded edition of the most famous --and popular -- of Indian scriptures, Eknath Easwaran contextualizes the book culturally and historically and explains the key concepts of Hindu religious thought and the technical vocabulary of yoga. Chapter introductions, notes, and a glossary help readers understand the book's message. Most importantly, this translation uses simple, clear language to impart the poetry, universality, and timelessness of the Gita's teachings.
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Category Archives: Sheila Jasanoff
The High Quality Research Act: Searching for Ways Beyond "Politicization"
This post is a continuation of our on-going discussion here at American Science of Rep. Lamar Smith’s High Quality Research Act (HQRA), which would cut the National Science Foundation’s funding to certain kinds of research, especially in the social sciences.
It was only a matter of time before someone dropped the p-word, “politicization,” in discussions of the HQRA. It’s a word that haunts these kinds of topics. The first appearance of the word in this context that I noticed was in this post by Michael McAuliff and Ryan Grim at the Huffington Post.
I want to question and probe their discussion.
McAuliff and Grim use the p-word in their first paragraph when they write that the HQRA “would in effect politicize decisions made by the National Science Foundation.” They never define the term. They then go on to quote approvingly from a letter that Rep. Eddie Bernice Johnson (D-Texas) wrote to Lamar Smith: “This [the HQRA] is the first step on a path that would destroy the merit-based review process at NSF and intrudes political pressure into what is widely regarded as the most effective and creative process for awarding research funds in the world.” They summarize Johnson’s letter as claiming that the HQRA was a “dangerous politicization of one of the most successful scientific research promoters in history.” Politicization isn’t Johnson’s word; it’s theirs, though Johnson does use close approximates like “political intrusion” and “political pressure.”
Johnson also lays out this beaut of an argument, which I pull from his letter: The “NSF’s peer review process” has been “the gold standard for how scientific proposals should be judged and funded.” And “in this context, the term ‘peer’ is not simply a fellow citizen as we encounter on a courtroom jury. It means very specifically another scientist with expertise in at least some aspect of the science being proposed.” Therefore: “Politicians, even a distinguished Chairman of the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, cannot be ‘peers’ in any meaningful sense.”
Democracy Be Damned!!!!
What is going on here?
As many in science and technology studies have argued, the rhetoric of politicization assumes that science is somehow non- or a-political. It is a favored rhetorical strategy of many popular science writers, especially progressives criticizing the right, including academics, like Naomi Oreskes, and science journalists, like Chris Mooney. There are lots of things wrong with politicization as an argumentative ploy. First off, it’s too simple. It’s not an accurate picture of reality. Also, it typically leads to a too easy polarization of politics: there are good guys, and there are bad guys, and we know who they are. And frequently it ends up with choir-preaching. It’s no surprise that Mooney went from talking about the right-wing politicization of science in his first book to arguing that Republicans have bad brains in his most recent one. Forget the Socratic injunction that the wise person knows that she doesn’t know. It’s the other guys who are fools. The most vocal critic of this kind of thinking in science and technology studies has been Sheila Jasanoff. She doesn’t think politicization, especially with its frequently built-in demonization, is any place to begin conversation. And she’s right.
Politics, politics, politics. So many different kinds of politics. So many different kinds of politics that the word itself begins to melt. A basic tenant—perhaps even a dogma—of science and technology studies is that science is always political, but what does it mean to say this? Well, in their 1985 book, Leviathan and the Air Pump, Steven Shapin and Simon Schaffer described how the earliest debates about experimental science—in their story, the debates between Robert Boyle and Thomas Hobbes—were about the nature of polities and politics, with Boyle arguing for a quasi-democratic (though always selective) community of peers and Hobbes holding out for monarchy. In other words, the founding of science was itself political. Others have shown how the Cold War shaped science; how academic fads, such as the current craze for the three O’s (nano-info-bio), influence project funding; how scientists strive to gain legitimacy and credibility and then use their authority for political ends; and how peer review is much less ideal and much more political and fraught than defenders make it out to be, just to name a few such arguments. The consensus was established a long time ago: there’s no use in trying to separate science from politics, even rhetorically, and, moreover, attempts to make that separation are themselves political. Science, like everything else, is human and screwed up.
Also, we shouldn’t forget in all of this that “politics” has long been a dirty word in the United States, extending back from recent rampant discourse about “partisanship” through pop works, like E. J. Dionne’s 1991 book, Why American’s Hate Politics, all the way to the founding of the nation, with the Federalists fretting endlessly over factions, parties, and their ill consequences. (I’ll just mention without going into it that some thinkers, like him and her, have argued for years that this attempt to suppress politics is exactly the wrong tack; that, instead, we should admit that politics are omnipresent and learn to deal with them fruitfully and productively.)
This leads to a further question. Given that science is always political, what kind of politics do we want to use to guide it? Here, as I argued in my last post, I think science and technology studies have largely fallen down. One response from many corners would likely be that we can’t give a general answer to this question. The appropriate form of politics will have to fit the context and the situation. But I would like to hear something more concrete than all that. Smith, as an elected official, is putting forward one version of a democratic politics: the NSF, a federal agency, should be accountable to Congress, the federal body of democratically-elected representatives. It’s easy, however, to argue, with some force, that our electoral system is so broken that it is no longer democratic. Scott, who commented on my last post and who I hope will say more, criticized Smith as anti-democratic but drew on the trusty table metaphor to argue, “I would love to include him and all others at a table for fair, open, honest discussion and consensus building.” This would be another model, having open, public discussions about how to set research priorities. Yet, can we imagine the NSF as a site of direct democracy? The science funding table? I can’t; nor do I want to imagine such a thing, I think (though I could be convinced otherwise). So, what then? Rep. Smith has given people an excellent opportunity to put forward alternative frameworks for science governance.
I think the final question is this: what can people working in science and technology studies do to get their arguments “out there”? If we artificially date the idea that science is always political to the 1985 publication of Shapin and Schaffer’s Leviathan and the Air Pump, then the argument has been around for nearly thirty years to little avail (outside academic discussions). Pop writers, such as McAuliff and Grim, Oreskes, and Mooney are still falling back on the too easy, too simple trope of politicization. What is to be done?
This entry was posted in Chris Mooney, democracy, High Quality Research Act, Lee, Naomi Oreskes, politicization, science, Sheila Jasanoff on May 4, 2013 by americanscience.
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NHLBI Halts Saline Trial for Trauma Patients
by John Gever John Gever, Senior Editor, MedPage Today May 13, 2009
WHEELING, W.Va., May 13 -- A government agency has halted its trial of concentrated saline infusion for trauma victims with brain injuries, saying the procedure appears to have no merit.
The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute said it took the action after an interim review of data from 1,073 patients found no benefit from the procedure.
"The study's monitoring board and the NHLBI determined that the hypertonic saline solutions were no better than the standard treatment of normal saline and that it is unlikely that continuing to enroll new patients would change the outcome of the study," the institute said in a release.
The move follows the early termination of a parallel study involving trauma patients in shock, also because the treatment appeared no better than normal saline. (See Lack of Efficacy Forces Halt to Shock Treatment Study)
NHLBI said the concentrated saline treatment did not appear to pose safety problems. Six-month follow-up on patients recently enrolled in the study will continue as planned.
The multicenter trial was testing whether the hypertonic saline solution improved mortality compared to normal saline treatment of trauma victims.
First responders randomized patients with brain injuries and/or shock to one of the two treatments.
Officials had stopped the entire trial last August after the studies' data and safety monitoring board found no difference in four-week mortality between shock treatment groups. The shock study never resumed and was terminated for good in March.
However, enrollment of patients with brain injuries (but not in shock) was restarted in November after study monitors determined there was no safety concern, and first-responders were retrained on the revised protocol.
"Although hypertonic saline solutions showed promise for improving outcomes when used as quickly as possible after trauma, our findings do not support any significant benefit of hypertonic saline over standard saline in patients with either traumatic brain injury or shock from excessive bleeding," David Hoyt, M.D., of the University of California Irvine, a co-principal investigator of the study, said in a statement.
"Although these findings are disappointing, they nonetheless provide major contributions to our understanding of emergency medical care."
An odd finding in the shock trial did not appear to be replicated in the brain-injured patients. The interim review of shock patients found a trend toward increased mortality in the period immediately following treatment but reduced mortality later on.
Study investigators are continuing their analyses and will seek to publish them in a peer-reviewed journal, the statement said.
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HANSARD 1803–2005 → 1980s → 1985 → July 1985 → 4 July 1985 → Commons Sitting → Clause 11
CHARGES FOR ADMISSION
HC Deb 04 July 1985 vol 82 cc591-9 591
§ Mr. Terry Davis
I beg to move amendment No. 22, in page 9, line 6, leave out 'The' and insert (1) Subject to the provisions of this section the.'
§ The Chairman
With this it will be convenient to take the following amendments: No. 23, in line 7, leave out '(1)' and insert '(a)'.
No. 24, in line 9, leave out '(2)' and insert `(b)'.
No. 20, in line 13, at end insert — '(2) For Birmingham residents and families tickets shall be available at half price and arrangements shall be made under the Passport for Leisure Scheme or in some other way to provide tickets free or very cheaply for the unemployed and pensioners resident in Birmingham'. No. 25, in line 13, at end insert— '(2) The Council may make arrangements for the granting of concessions of not less than 10 per cent. in respect of the payment of charges under subsection (1). (3) The Council shall exercise their power under subsection (2) above in relation to qualified persons ordinarily resident in the City. (4) In this section:— concession" means the reduction or waiver of a charge either absolutely or subject to terms, limitations or conditions. qualified persons" means persons mentioned in any of the following paragraphs or any description of such persons, that is to say—
(a) men over the age of sixty-five years and women over the age of sixty years
(b) persons whose age does not exceed sixteen years
(c) disabled persons
(d) persons in receipt of unemployment benefit, supplementary benefit or family income supplement
disabled person" has the meaning assigned to it by section 8 of the Rating (Disabled Persons) Act 1978.'
§ Mr. Davis
These amendments are tabled in my name, but it is my hon. Friends the Members for Perry Barr and for Ladywood who have been particularly anxious about the arrangements for concessionary prices for tickets for 592 the motor race. They want to ensure that Birmingham residents, especially the unemployed, the disabled and the retired should be given the opportunity to purchase tickets at special prices.
The amendments arise out of discussions which I had last week with the hon. Member for Birmingham, Hall Green (Sir R. Eyre) and the promoters of the Bill. Although the amendments have been tabled in my name and those of my hon. Friends, I pay a special tribute to my hon. Friends, who have campaigned so strongly on this issue.
§ Mr. Bevan
Amendment No. 25 is wholly commendable. It is quite right that the citizens of the excellent city of Birmingham should have the proposed concessions. We all share that view.
My hon. Friend the Member for Dudley, West (Dr. Blackburn) thinks that the excess glories of Dudley zoo and Dudley castle outshine anything in Birmingham. I immediately dispute that, and those attractions may not, unfortunately, share the same concessions which should be available to the citizens of Birmingham in whose city this race will take place. I was happy, when on the city council, to introduce concessionary travel on the railways for the senior citizens of the area. Both Conservatives and Opposition Members have supported various forms of concessionary fares. We must ensure that the citizens of Birmingham enjoy the type of concession to which the hon. Member for Birmingham, Ladywood (Ms. Short) referred — a low admission price. I hope that such provision will help make the race popular.
§ Mr. Rooker
We have just witnessed a road race on a bandwagon. The hon. Member for Birmingham, Yardley (Mr. Bevan) cannot wait to get on the bandwagon of the goodies being put into the Bill. I commend him for that, but wish that he had supported us earlier when we moved similar amendments on 1 April and were derided.
I should be happy to provide a bandwagon in opposition to the hon. Gentleman. If he would care to take me up, his bandwagon could race my bandwagon on the time that the Bill takes to become an Act and the time that elapses before the first race takes place.
I am interested only in improving the Bill by including provision for concessions and some financial probity. I assume that the first road race will take place in 1986. It is ironic that there will be concessionary admission prices for Birmingham ratepayers who want to see that race in the same year that concessionary bus fares in Birmingham end because of other legislation.
Amendment No. 25 provides that the city council has discretion to grant concessions of up to 10 per cent. in respect of admission charges, but that it must exercise that power in respect of people listed later in the amendment. People in Birmingham, whether unemployed, pensioners, disabled or just those who find life tough on low pay, will welcome the concession. Without amendment No. 25, there was no hope of a genuine concessionary scheme.
On 1 April, the hon. Member for Birmingham, Hall Green (Sir R. Eyre) said that there would be concessions for what he called "Birmingham folk". When we raised the matter with the leadership of Birmingham city council before Report, it was clear from their blank faces that they did not know what we were talking about. We said that, 593 if they did not know what their representative had said on Second Reading, we wanted the matter spelt out in the Bill. That explained our pressure for amendments on 24 June which have been tidied up so that they are more technically efficient. I hope that amendment No. 25 will be accepted.
§ Ms. Clare Short
It appears that amendment No. 25 is finding all-party favour in the House. As my hon. Friend the Member for Birmingham, Hodge Hill (Mr. Davis) said, it is an alternative to amendment No. 20, which I tabled. We wanted to tie down the city council in its undertaking to provide concessionary tickets. As my hon. Friend the Member for Birmingham, Perry Barr (Mr. Rooker) said, what the hon. Member for Birmingham, Hall Green (Sir R. Eyre) said on Second Reading implied some sort of lottery. That commitment could be fulfilled by offering only five cheap tickets, and that would not have benefited many people in Birmingham.
The concessions promised in amendment No. 25 are limited. I hope that the city council will try to do better. My amendment calls for half-price tickets for all people living in Birmingham and very cheap or free tickets for the unemployed and the disabled.
Amendment No. 25 states: The Council may make arrangements for the granting of concessions of not less than 10 per cent. to the citizens of Birmingham. However, it does not require the council to do that. If the council was mean-minded, the unemployed and the disabled would receive no concession. I hope that that will not be the case and that the council will ensure that everyone in Birmingham——
I think that my hon. Friend is a little inaccurate. The people listed — such as the disabled, the unemployed, those under the age of 16 and pensioners — must receive a concession because the word "shall" is used. It is with the generality of ordinary domestic ratepayers that the council has discretion.
§ Ms. Short
There is no difference between my hon. Friend and me on that point. I agree with his interpretation of the amendment, which states, "may make arrangements" for all the people of Birmingham and "shall" make arrangements for pensioners, the disabled, people under 16, those on unemployment and supplementary benefits and those in receipt of family income supplements. Therefore, all that the amendment secures for certain is a 10 per cent. concession for those groups.
I hope that we all agree that it is reasonable to impose by law only that minimum condition on the city council. However, we all want to do better than that and to make a larger concession to the citizens of Birmingham. I understand that the tickets will be expensive — the city council suggests between £5 and £25 each. Anyone wishing to take their family to such an event would find it expensive. The hon. Member for Birmingham, Yardley (Mr. Bevan) said that 250,000 happy Birmingham people attended the original event. That event was free and families could enjoy a nice day out without it costing them anything. If tickets for a race — which might be more exciting, who knows — cost a family £25, fewer people would be able to afford to go.
Many people in Birmingham have been led to believe that they will be able to have a fun day out, but there is 594 a danger that they may not be able to afford to go. I hope that the hon. Member for Hall Green will be able to give a commitment that the city council will try to do better than the rather small minimum contained in the amendment.
§ Mr. Roger King
I wish to address my remarks to amendment No. 25. I have always been under the impression that there would be some form of concessionary ticketing. Indeed, that applies at most motor racing circuits. Although the cost of a ticket to Brands Hatch or Silverstone may be £5—or a good deal more for a grandstand seat — there are usually concessions for carloads. A set price is paid for a car, regardless of the number of people in it. Obviously, that must be within reason because the people on the gates would watch closely for a mini with 20 people in it.
There needs to be some imagination in the way the tickets are sold. Motor racing events are expensive to stage, and no one has tried to hide that fact during the passage of this Bill. We need to get as many people to the event as possible. The figure might not be 250,000, but it will include people from Dudley, Walsall, Wolverhampton, Coventry and throughout the country. The tickets must be pitched at a price that people can afford.
A ticket to a cinema in Birmingham will cost about £2 or £2.50. For a family, the cost would be about £12, plus whatever is spent on icecreams. Therefore, if the price of the motor racing tickets is pitched carefully, people would have about 10 hours of intermittent entertainment, which would be good value.
Many people will have a freeman's day because they will be domiciled in some of the tower blocks near the track. They will have a commanding position to view the day's events at no personal cost. They will witness what many people would call an exciting spectacle. However, to be honest, others might describe it as monotonous. Cars racing round a circuit do not fill everyone with enthusiasm —perhaps only 99 per cent. of us.
At many circuits throughout the country the unemployed are unable to watch motor racing because of the cost of travel to the tracks. The disabled are also disadvantaged because they have to vacate cars and cross grass areas to watch the race. I hasten to add that many of the established circuits do provide facilities for the disabled. The only way for many people to see a race is on television or at the cinema.
I firmly believe that many of the categories in amendment No. 25 should receive concessionary tickets and have the opportunity to see a race. After all, the whole object of the exercise is to expand the motor racing market and the activities, the business and the industry that it generates. The more people who watch a race, the more income there is for the industry.
Motor racing is one of Britain's most successful industries. It is not readily appreciated that at Indianapolis some 70 cars compete, of which 65 are British-built with British engines. During the last few years the winners have been British cars. Britain is pre-eminent in the design of motor car so it is right that more and more people should have the opportunity to witness a spectacle in which we are virtually one of the world's leaders — with the possible exception of Ferrari, which is legendary for its spasmodic attempts at usurping British racing cars.
I note that the amendment refers to men over the age of sixty-five years and women over the age of sixty years. 595 I suppose that that is a throwback to the pensions business. It is just a bit disadvantageous for males — they have to be five years older than women to appreciate the sport on a concessionary ticket. I do not criticise the hon. Members who tabled the amendment. It is one of those unfortunate things that we lesser mortals — the males of the species —have to tolerate. It has happened yet again in broad letters that we can all witness.
It is important to encourage families to take part in motor racing activities. Although those living close by will be able to see the event at little or no expense, my constituents in Northfield will have to use public transport or their own cars to get to the circuit. I hope that those using cars will have the benefit of a family ticket. Indeed, there should be an opportunity to purchase a family ticket whatever transport one uses. For example, one could buy a family ticket at a railway station in, say, Coventry that would take people to the circuit by rail. That will not be in effect by next August, but it will be afterwards when all the private bus companies will be supplying cities with the cut-price fares and wonderful services that we confidently expect.
The main criticism about concessionary tickets, which has been mentioned only in passing, is that applicants must be resident in the city. This provision will create the problem of producing evidence, which is acceptable to the ticket vendor, that one lives in the city. That can be overcome, but there would be problems of issuing concessionary tickets on the day. One way round that problem would be for concessionary tickets to be purchased a few days before the event, to allow those who are entitled to concessionary tickets to get them.
The normal practice at motor racing events is that if someone buys a ticket in advance, he gets a concessionary ticket whether or not he lives adjacent to the circuit. I hope that our friends in Dudley, Wolverhampton, Walsall and anywhere else in the west midlands who wish to avail themselves of a ticket two or three weeks in advance of the event will be entitled to a discount. That is not stipulated in this amendment, but it does say that the council may make such arrangements. I hope that the arrangements will be extended to other parts of the west midlands and not be confined to the citizens of Birmingham. As was so eloquently said by my hon. Friend the Member for Dudley, West (Dr. Blackburn) this is not merely a Birmingham event.
It will be the ratepayers of Birmingham who will have to spend the £1— million every time the race is run. It is right that they should have cheaper tickets than anyone else, because they will pay for the staging of the event.
§ Mr. King
The hon. Lady has said the word. It is right that the people of Birmingham should have "cheaper" tickets. Those in the immediate area surrounding the city, upon whom the motor race will depend largely for its success, should also have some form of concession. That is normal marketing procedure. Nowadays, there is not just one price for a ticket, take it or leave it. Instead, there is a range of opportunities, such as family tickets, advance purchase tickets, local citizen tickets and through tickets, including transport by bus and train. There is wide scope for imagination.
The amendment is not necessarily needed to improve the Bill. Any organisation seeking to make a profit and a 596 success of a venture such as this would leave no stone unturned in its efforts to sell as many tickets as possible. If it suits the Opposition to categorise the series of concessions that they would like, I am happy to support them.
§ Sir Reginald Eyre
I am glad to accept the amendment in the names of the hon. Member for Birmingham. Hodge Hill (Mr. Davis), the hon. Member for Birmingham, Perry Barr (Mr. Rooker) and the hon. Member for Birmingham, Ladywood (Ms. Short). I believe that it expresses a feeling that is widely held in Birmingham. I agree with the interpretation of the clause which was developed by the hon. Member for Ladywood and other Opposition Members. I hope that the generous interpretation of the scheme that she asked for will be implemented. That would make the scheme so much more attractive in Birmingham.
My hon. Friend the Member for Birmingham, Northfield (Mr. King) has emphasised the importance of selling tickets. It will be necessary to effect a large number of successful sales and we shall want to encourage block bookings from Sandwell, Dudley, Wolverhampton and all parts of the west midlands. We shall want also to attract visitors in large numbers from Scotland, the north of England, Wales, Northern Ireland, Kensington and other parts. In addition, we hope to attract many visitors from overseas.
§ Dr. Blackburn
Does my hon. Friend accept that there is a market of about 750,000 people concentrated in the black country? My hon. Friend the Member for Birmingham, Northfield (Mr. King) has suggested that a concession might be presented to those who live in areas adjacent to Birmingham without taking away the benefits that citizens of Birmingham will have.
The costings exercise has not been completed, so it is not possible to talk about costs in detail The principle of having attractive terms for those in the west midlands appeals to us all and the notion of having a special consideration for the people of Birmingham has been accepted on both sides of the House. We want especially attractive terms to be available to Birmingham people. In all the circumstances, I am glad to accept the amendment.
I am glad that the hon. Member for Birmingham, Hall Green (Sir R. Eyre) is prepared to accept the amendment.
Unfortunately, it seems that the hon. Member for Birmingham, Northfield (Mr. King) may have misunderstood one or two matters. He is definitely labouring under a misapprehension if he thinks that there would have been a concessionary scheme for Birmingham residents, the unemployed, the retired or the disabled if my hon. Friends had not tabled earlier amendments to the Bill.
Perhaps I should explain that my hon. Friends and I met the representatives of the city council in March shortly before Second Reading. We had been asking for a meeting for five months and some time passed before the leaders of the council were able to arrange to meet us. It was clear from the expression on the faces of the council representatives that the creation of especially attractive terms for those groups of people was a new idea for them. Indeed, it was clear that the idea was a revalation. They had not anticipated that we might be asking for such a scheme.
597 As my hon. Friend the Member for Birmingham, Perry Barr (Mr. Rooker) has said, in spite of everything that was said on Second Reading, the council representatives had not considered what should be done by the time that we met them again shortly before Report. I do not accept that the arrangements that we are discussing would have been made if my hon. Friends, with my support, and the support of others, had not advanced the suggestion. The hon. Member for Northfield is simply mistaken if he thinks that it would have happened in any case.
The hon. Member for Northfield made a serious comment about attractively priced tickets for retired men and women and said that it was unfortunate that men would have to wait until 65 years while women would be eligible at 60 years. I agree with him entirely. However, the wording of the amendment was negotiated with the representatives of the city council last week and the form in which it appears before us is their drafting. We wanted our objectives to be met and we were willing to accept their wording. We were arguing on behalf of pensioners, and men retire at 65 years under the state pension scheme. I have always supported the idea of a reduction in that retirement age to bring it into line with the retirement age for women. In view of the remarks of the hon. Member for Northfield I look forward to his support in the Division Lobby on the next occasion that that proposal is put before the House.
§ Mr. Roger King (Birmingham, Northfield)
I do not want to be side-tracked on this debate as to when one should retire, but I support the same retirement date for men and women, not necessarily at 60 but somewhere in between. I support a lot of things I would like to see happening but it is not necessarily the case that one can afford to do them.
I am not going to be distracted by the hon. Member for Northfield because I have always believed in raising the level of people who have least to the level of people who have more, and I am not going to do it by taking a lot from people who have a little. I would have thought that was the sort of philosophy that Conservatives would have accepted. I am disappointed that the hon. Gentleman wants to penalise women in order to benefit men. I will not pursue that any further because I am sure we will have an opportunity to pursue it at a future date, and I look forward to seeing how the hon. Member for Northfield votes on those occasions.
He also raised a very important point about how a Birmingham resident would be defined. I understand his point, but I repeat that the wording of this amendment was negotiated with representatives of the city council and they told us they could do it. The phrase "Birmingham people" is a difficult one to define and cannot be restricted to Birmingham ratepayers. We are concerned that people who live in Birmingham should be able to buy tickets at concessionary prices.
The wording of the amendment, as my hon. Friend the Member for Birmingham, Ladywood (Ms. Short) has rightly emphasised, only makes it possible for the council to give a concession to Birmingham people. We have been given a firm assurance that it is the intention to provide that sort of concession and we want to put it in the Bill in order 598 to emphasise our concern. If the council had not met us on this point, I do not think my hon. Friends and I would have allowed this Bill to pass so easily this evening.
I must also draw the attention of the House to the fact that the concession would not be restricted to Birmingham residents. There is nothing to stop the organisers of the motor race from providing concessionary tickets to individuals or groups of people as they think right from a marketing point of view. But we were elected to represent the people of Birmingham and we argued for many months that they would be paying a price as a result of this motor race in terms of expenditure which would not take place on things which we regard as worthwhile items of expenditure by the city council. If they are going to pay any price at all, and that price has been reduced to a very low level as the result of concessions by the city council, it should nevertheless be balanced by an advantage.
The concessionary price for Birmingham people — and they are the people who are suffering a loss of expenditure in other fields — should be allowed in order to provide that advantage. It is only permissive in the Bill, but we have been given a firm assurance, and we are satisfied with the integrity of the representatives of the city council who met us. I repeat that we are not concerned about marketing or the motor race industry. I am not entering into disputes with the hon. Gentleman for Northfield about that. I am quite sure that people who are promiting this Bill and organising this motor race will take that sort of decision. Of course, their decision will be based on marketing reasons and on what is most profitable. Indeed, the hon. Gentleman is arguing that the decision will be based on whether it increases income for the motor race. That is not our point of view. We are concerned to ensure that people living in Birmingham have an opportunity to see this motor race at a lower price than people who do not live in Birmingham. We are not concerned about increasing the profits from the motor race but about increasing the opportunities for enjoyment for the people we represent.
The hon. Member for Dudley, West (Dr. Blackburn) expressed the hope that there would also be a concession for people in the black country. The hon. Gentleman wants to have his cake and eat it. He wants to have benefits for the people of the West Midlands county after his Government have abolished the West Midlands county. He cannot have it both ways. From next year the people in the black country are going to be on exactly the same footing, as far as the people of Birmingham are concerned, as people who live in Worcestershire or Warwickshire or Staffordshire. They will simply be people living under a different local authority, thanks to this Conservative Government. The hon. Gentleman cannot come asking the people of Birmingham to give concessions to people who live in places which were in the West Midlands county, a body which will not exist, I fear, after that time.
The hon. Member for Northfield said this amendment was not needed. In one sense he is quite right. It would have been possible for the council to give these concessions to Birmingham people and to give concessions to the retired, the disabled, the young and the unemployed without this provision being written into the Bill. However, we were concerned about the lackadaisical way in which the council was approaching the arguments we put to it. The council did not come back to us and say 599 that it had got a scheme. The reaction was, "Well, we hear you and we will think about that at some time in the future." We were not willing to allow this Bill to pass without ensuring there was more than that. These arrangements are not perfect but they are the minimum on which we will allow this Bill to proceed.
Amendment agreed to.
Amendments made: No. 23, in page 9, line 7, leave out `(1)' and insert '(a)'.
No. 24, in page 9, line 9, leave out '(2)' and insert (b)'.
No. 25, in page 9, line 13, at end insert— '(2) The Council may make arrangements for the granting of concessions of not less than 10 per cent. in respect of the payment of charges under subsection (1).
(3) The Council shall exercise their power under subsection (2) above in relation to qualified persons ordinarily resident in the City.
(4) In this section:— concession" means the reduction or waiver of a charge either absolutely or subject to terms, limitations or conditions.
qualified persons" means persons mentioned in any of the following paragraphs or any description of such persons, that is to say—
disabled person" has the meaning assigned to it by section 8 of the Rating (Disabled Persons) Act 1978.' —[Mr. Terry Davis.]
Back to Clause 11
Forward to Clause 22
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← C.S. Lewis’ Pretty Awful and Peculiarly Interesting Letter on Writing
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CSL:LMM, C.S. Lewis and L.M. Montgomery (L.M. Montgomery Series)
Posted on May 3, 2018 by Brenton Dickieson
Leading up to the L.M. Montgomery Institute’s 13th Biennial Conference here in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, I thought that I would do a short series on Montgomery. Throughout May and June, each Thursday will feature a post on Montgomery and her work. These posts will include research notes, particularly resonant features of her work, and some thoughts that emerged in reading through the Anne of Green Gable Series, her autobiography, some of her short story collections, and Emily of New Moon.
I thought I would set up the series by spending time thinking of C.S. Lewis and L.M. Montgomery together. It is not a natural fit, many would argue. Montgomery primarily published in women’s magazines with bright, buoyant, realistic stories of home life in Atlantic Canada, while Lewis was an Oxford academic who was known as an apologist, literary historian, and writer of fairy tales and dystopic sf. Despite these differences, I think there are some resonant moments between the two.
CSL:LMM, A Prolific Pair
No one would deny that Clive Staples Lewis and Lucy Maud Montgomery were prolific writers. I have had the opportunity to read through all of Lewis’ writings, but have not had the chance to read all of Montgomery’s published works. Part of this has to do with the nature of her writing. Beyond the novels for which she is famous, Montgomery honed her craft by writing short stories and publishing poems in women’s magazines, children’s collections, newspapers, and literary journals. Like Lewis, she also published some public essays about religion, literature, and social issues. During her lifetime, she published 530 short stories, 500 poems, and 30 essays.
While Montgomery and Lewis have archives with about the same number of pages—I estimate them each at 20,000 or so pages of primary material—Lewis extended himself out with a diversity of kinds of works in a narrow range of publication spaces, while Montgomery scattered her work far and wide, endlessly hunting for print as she climbed “the Alpine Path” to literary note. And while Lewis ultimately rejected journal keeping and revealed himself best in his autobiographical work and letter-writing, Montgomery kept a steady diary through her writing life and published a relatively limited memoir, focusing on her craft.
CSL:LMM Collections
Lucy Maud and Clive Staples are each a library of works, not merely a shelf, and reading them would take years. Fortunately, in both cases there are scholars, editors, archivists, librarians, publishers, and book collectors who have dedicated their lives to getting these masters into the hands of a grateful public. There are a number of CSL archives (listed here), and there are LMM archives at the University of Guelph and the University of Prince Edward Island. The interest is warranted. After all, Lewis and Montgomery are two of the most prolific English authors of the first half of the 20th century, each approaching 100,000,000 or so books in circulation.[1]
Even counting the number of books that Montgomery has published is a bit tricky, as it is for Lewis. Narrowing in on novels, she published 20 novels in her lifetime, 19 of which are set here in Prince Edward Island. During her life, she published 8 Anne books, 3 Emily books, 2 Story Girl books, 2 Pat of Silver Bush books, and 5 other novels. Within the Anne- Avonlea collection, though, there are two collections of short stories edited within her life (one authorized and one done without her permission). A final volume of Anne-Avonlea stories, The Blythes are Quoted, was completed by Montgomery and left with her publisher just before she died.[2]
CSL:LMM Adaptations
Notably, taking Montgomery’s books to the screen has worked very well with films that have interesting dialogue with the texts, while the Narnian films have been big budget films that were flat in a lot of ways.
The new Niki Caro Anne series on CBC/Netflix has caused quite a stir. It is a well-written, character-driven loose adaptation that restores parts of the text and transforms other parts. The three Kevin Sullivan miniseries were strongly resonant of Montgomery’s original work, and Road to Avonlea—the serialization of the Story Girl books—is still in broad circulation globally. I was not caught by the Emily of New Moon TV series, partly because the creators misunderstood or ignored Montgomery’s worldview in the way the producers of the Narnian films did of Lewis. But as a low budget series, Emily of New Moon has some endearing qualities, while the only Narnian film worth watching twice is the 2005 feature film of The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe—though I have heard there is a cult following to that crazy 1980s BBC series. There is hope for Narnia on the screen as Anne has been adapted every couple of decades, in 1919, 1934, and 1956 before Kevin Sullivan succeeded. And while I love Martin Sheen, the 2016 Harrison Anne film was a stinker.
Intriguingly, both Lewis and Montgomery work well on stage. Anne of Green Gables: The Musical has shown every summer in PEI since 1965 (a Guinness World Record), and though I’m going on the experience of others, word is that the various adaptations of Screwtape and The Great Divorce on stage have been engaging, and that the Perelandra opera in 1998 was moving.
CLS:LMM as Authors
Though they were both popular and prodigious authors, they had unique approaches to publication.
As we’ve already seen, Lewis had broad output was in the variety of projects while Montgomery’s broad output was in places and ways she could get her work to print. In this Montgomery was much more clever about publication. Lewis was not terribly good at naming books, sometimes made errors in his proofs, and largely followed the advice of his publishers—offering most of his own opinions in cover design and adaptations.
By contrast, once Montgomery had made enough errors in her early years, she found her way. After her initial successes that were largely owned by the tyrannous L.C. Page & Co. in New York, she took control of her destiny, even launching a decade-long high-dollar lawsuit when it was clear that Page was just going to run her over as a naïve woman author. She very carefully shaped her public persona, and she carefully prepared her journals for publication, cultivating the image that she wanted to emerge from them.
Though Lewis was moderately successful as an author and it looked like Narnia was growing in interest, it wasn’t until Lewis was married that he started to see the potential of his work as someone who provided not just ideas and stories but books as products for the world. He largely allowed the publication world to go on as it would, at one point getting into financial trouble because he gave all his royalties away.
Montgomery and Lewis both felt the sting of early rejection. For Lewis, his first two books of poetry were far from literary successes, and his 1926 Dymer, which he had worked on for the better part of a decade, had almost no response. In 1930, he wrote to his best friend, remembering “the evening when the MS of Dymer came back from Heinemanns [Lewis’ previous publisher] rejected without a word of criticism or encouragement: and I remembered that after a very miserable night I sat down to assume the worst…” (18 Aug 1930 letter to Arthur Greeves). In that letter, Lewis goes on to recognize that the sheer pleasure of seeing a book in print was a kind of delusion for him. He wanted readers, and wanted to be known as a poet. As he moved to a more spiritual perspective, he came to terms with the fact that he would not be a “poet” in the sense he imagined, and his publishing career came slowly—beginning in academics, then moving to SF and apologetics work, then extending out from there.
Montgomery talks in her memoir about her own initial rejections:
After leaving Prince of Wales College I taught school for a year in Bideford, Prince Edward Island. I wrote a good deal and learned a good deal, but still my stuff came back, except from two periodicals the editors of which evidently thought that literature was its own reward, and quite independent of monetary considerations. I often wonder that I did not give up in utter discouragement. At first I used to feel dreadfully hurt when a story or poem over which I had laboured and agonized came back, with one of those icy little rejection slips. Tears of disappointment would come in spite of myself, as I crept away to hide the poor, crimpled manuscript in the depths of my trunk. But after a while I got hardened to it and did not mind. I only set my teeth and said “I will succeed.” I believed in myself and I struggled on alone, in secrecy and silence. I never told my ambitions and efforts and failures to any one. Down, deep down, under all discouragement and rebuff, I knew I would “arrive” some day (The Alpine Path).
Arrive she did, in spectacular fashion with a bestseller, Anne of Green Gables. But this classic struggled to its first publication. In publication, Montgomery had a rule: “Nine out of ten manuscripts came back to me,” Montgomery wrote, “But I sent them out over and over again, and eventually they found resting places” (The Alpine Path). This trend of rejection continued when she had succeeded in writing a novel—a dream of hers. After shopping her manuscript of Anne of Green Gables around to a handful of publishers, she “put Anne away in an old hat-box in the clothes room” (The Alpine Path). She bumped into it again while rummaging—something that Lewis admitted happened in his own writing, and may have been the provenance of The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe—and decided to give it another try. Anne with an “e” and Lucy of Narnia remain two of the most endearing and enduring characters of the 20th century, each born out of a long process of authors finding their way to print.
CSL:LMM, Other Connections
There are other connection points between Montgomery and Lewis. Both are genre fiction writers, Lewis working in fantasy and science fiction while Montgomery excelled at women’s writing and romance. Both are noted writers of youth fiction who largely succeeded by not really writing to kids, but writing stories they found to be worthwhile—and juvenile readers agreed. Both are interesting poets with imaginative verse and a good metrical sense, but whose prose outshines their poetry. There are pretty complete collections of their poetry now. Lewis is commemorated in Poet’s Corner at Westminster Abbey, while Montgomery was the first Canadian woman to be named a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts in England. Although they began their publishing careers as poets, however, they are remembered today for prose, not poetry.
CLS:LMM and War
As I will suggest in more detail later in the series, both Montgomery and Lewis were profoundly affected by WWI, and their work is shaped by war.
While Lewis was preparing to head to the trenches in France, Montgomery was working as a pro-war activist in Ontario, giving speeches and writing essays. Both the Ransom Cycle and Narnia are linked in various ways to WWII—a link that is particularly intimate in The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, The Screwtape Letters, Perelandra, and That Hideous Strength, as well as The Great Divorce—and war is a thematic concern in Prince Caspian, The Horse and His Boy, The Magician’s Nephew, and Till We Have Faces.
While writing romantic books that feature girls as their heroes, it is clear that the great war had its impact on Montgomery. The war haunts behind Rainbow Valley, and it comes to fruition in Rilla of Ingleside—the book that I think may be Montgomery’s greatest achievement (though Anne of Green Gables and Emily of New Moon are brilliant). The Rilla story, I will argue, should be one of our canonical war books, and I don’t think the impact of the clash of civilization ever left Montgomery. Montgomery died during WWII with two boys at fighting age; we shouldn’t be surprised that she died the week before a referendum on Canadian conscription for war service.
CSL:LMM as Christian Writers
It should be obvious, but isn’t always so, that both Lewis and Montgomery were Christian writers—each of whom in their own way rejected the literary modernism that dominated their formative years and that we see in writers like the Bloomsbury Group, the Paris expats of the 20s, and other smart sets of the time. Each of them were rooted in the romantic tradition, and each revelled in humour. Though there is darkness in the work, it lacks the sour tang of modernism, and rejects the dialectical roots and the relentless hunt for newness. While rocked by WWI, their work does not spin sideways because of it.
There are critical differences, but Lewis as a Christian public intellectual and Montgomery as a minister’s wife each found ways to speak their faith into poetry and story in overt and subtle ways. While each of them published in religious venues, their main work was published for the mainstream community. The flavour of that Christian-informed writing, though, is quite different. Montgomery is writing for a much broader Christian audience in pre-WWII North America—a community that is experiencing an uptick in personal Christian commitment—while Lewis is writing to a British public that is steadily setting religion aside, despite some return to faith during WWII.
What difference that difference makes I will explore later.
CSL:LMM as Islanders
And, of course, L.M. Montgomery and C.S. Lewis are both Islanders. You’d be surprised how much of a difference this makes to one’s perspective. At UPEI we have an entire MA program dedicated to the question of “Islandness,” but it certainly shapes the worldview of these and other authors.
Though Great Britain—and Lewis lived his whole life on two of the British isles—is a tiny cluster of islands off the coast of a powerful continent, they felt it their mission to take over the entire world one way or another (through conquest, religion, allied war, political diplomacy, and the spread of democracy, language, and culture). Here in Prince Edward Island we haven’t quite managed the same feat. But we imagine that we could do so, and we generally view the world along two lines: people from here, and people from away. Don’t underestimate the Islandness in Island works.
These wandering thoughts are just some of the connections I have made, and perhaps you could add some more. Montgomery is a second string on my bow, complimenting my work in Lewis studies. And in that the conversation between the two has been rich. I hope you enjoy the series and feel free to add comments to help others see the CSL:LMM links that are no doubt there.
[1] The Wikipedia page for “Bestselling Books” has Narnia at 120,000,000 books; not including pirated books and out of copyright distribution, we could guess that the rest of Lewis’ sales come in around 150,000,000 copies. Montgomery is undoubtedly Canada’s bestselling author, ahead of Margaret Atwood (whose annual sales are 500,000 to 1,000,000) and Robert Munsch. It is estimated that Anne of Green Gables has sold 50,000,000 copies.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_best-selling_books#List_of_best-selling_book_series.
[2] The Blythes are Quoted is hard to get, and is the only Anne-Avonlea book I haven’t read. A new edition was supposed to be released on the 76th anniversary of her death and the day the publisher received a copy of the book (24 Apr 1942), but Penguin didn’t get it ready in time. I’m in line at the library for a copy of this unusual book, featuring short stories, poems, and vignettes and covering the WWI through WWII periods.
This entry was posted in Canadian literature, L.M. Montgomery, Lewis Biography and tagged Anne of Green Gables, books, C.S. Lewis, Canadian literature, Emily of New Moon, letters, Prince Edward Island, publishing, publishing dreams, Rainbow Valley, Rilla of Ingleside, Story Girl, The Alpine Path, WWI, WWII. Bookmark the permalink.
60 Responses to CSL:LMM, C.S. Lewis and L.M. Montgomery (L.M. Montgomery Series)
Two of my favourite authors, I will follow this series with great interest!
Awesome! Glad to have you around.
Yep! And two famous writers whose fiction I did not read till I was grown up (however strangely that happened).
Looking forward to all we’ll learn…
To boldly query – do we know if the fairly omnivorous Lewis brothers ever read any LMM? (As she is Chesterton’s contemporary – only six months younger, though longer-lived – the young Lewises could even conceivably have read her around the same time they were reading E. Nesbit as her works appeared.) Dr. Clive Tolley and I were both ever keener LMM readers while we were taking turns looking after The Kilns together – maybe we were unconsciously part of a tradition – which has continued since, without our knowing it (!).
Again, do we know what-all, if anything, LMM read of ‘the Seven’ or so (MacDonald, Chesterton, Lewis, Barfield, Sayers, Tolkien, and Williams)? Does it just ‘feel like’ MacDonald is also in her background, or am I forgetting something I actually read somewhere?
None of the names appeared on a quick search in The Alpine Path but that obviously doesn’t prove anything (although I enjoyed finding that she read H.C. Andersen as a child, so did I).
Thanks! (Maybe someday I’ll be in a position to start getting acquainted with her published letters and journals…)
I have checked through C.S. Lewis and there is no reference that I can see. It might have been outside his taste, as she only flirts with faerie but never tumbles fully in. The women’s magazine stories were not Lewis’ favourite. What of Warren?
I have thought of Montgomery, but she died in 1942. The key would be to go to the indices of the journals, but I only borrowed #1. Next library visit.
She did read MacDonald, though, and I think the flavour of her next-field-over fairyland is MacDonald fey + Tennyson’s tragic romance. But I haven’t done the hard work on that.
Susan Marston says:
In Anne of Avonlea, a letter by Paul Irvin about sailing in the sunset, which was actually flowers, made me think of Reepicheep on the end of the world in his little boat, as it was flowers there, too.
That’s a need connection. What’s the link behind the two stories? Is there an old story of flowers at the world’s end?
L.A. Smith says:
Oh I loved this! Echoing the previous comment, these are two of my very favourites so this post was a special treat. I cant’t wait to see what you have in store for us as you explore the works and legacy of LMM.
I didn’t realize LMM was as prolific as she was. Wow. She is truly one of my writing heroes.
Thanks so much, Lisa. The series is mostly tasty bites for readers and writers, so I hope you enjoy.
You should come to one of the LMM conferences in PEI (every second June, even years).
oh don’t I WISH!!! Adding it to the ever-expanding bucket list….
I so liked the first two Sullivan’s (and to a certain extent whatever of the Road to Avonlea ones I saw) I don’t know if I want to try anything else…
I do think there is a lot to like in the BBC Narnia’s and prefer them in lots of ways to the big-screen LWW and VDT – what might they have been like if they had been budgeted like some other BBC productions?
Whoa – Dutch apostrophe s usage slipped in… !
I have to catch the BBC series sometime. There is a BBC Anne kicking around somewhere, I think. It is probably bad, but the Kevin Sullivan materials are (I think) excellent. The third movie I haven’t seen since it came out, but I suspect I will love this war movie better than before.
I also like the new Anne series.
Jessica Renshaw says:
Thank you, Brenton! This post is such a treat, both in your choice of the two people you are comparing and in the wealth of knowledge and study you bring to the subject. Plus your bookshelves look JUST! LIKE! OURS! (except you obviously have some first editions–or are those just old and tattered?).
I would love your thoughts on Islandness–maybe more properly termed Islandism by those of us from Away? (Snobbery can be a two-way street.) I grew up in Japan but my literary heritage and preference from early childhood has been all things British, from Winnie the Pooh (my all-time favorite but only Milne’s original) and Alice in Wonderland through Dickens to Arthur Ransome’s Swallows and Amazons series (We Didn’t Mean to Go to Sea is the most delightful to me because I also grew up on a 50-foot yacht circumnavigating the world) (Is that redundant?), Mary Poppins, Jerome K. Jerome’s Three Men and a Boat (but a smaller boat, navigating the Thames) and James Herriott’s All Creatures Great and Small, etc.
(Take breath to clear fog caused by extended sidetrack.) I have thought about the similarities of those two island clusters, about equal in size, latitude and (at some time in each of their pasts) imperialism. Somehow in both England and Japan the conquer-and-colonize mentality never tainted the innocence of their children’s stories.
Three Men IN a Boat.
How about The Wind in the Willows, with all its messing about on the water? (The Rackham illustrations scared me as a small child, but I’ve come to love the story as a grown-up.)
I had the admiration of the Tolkien’s for Arthur Ransome’s books and Ransome’s for The Hobbit in the back of my mind in wondering about who may have read whom, above…
What Japanese children’s stories in translation would you recommend? (All that pops into my mind are fairy tales translated/retold by Lafcadio Hearn…!)
Except for Genji, I don’t know any Japanese stories (well, other than SF/Fantasy, Manga based).
Confession: I stole the bookshelf pic, cribbing it from a couple of other sources. My LMM bookshelf has 15 cheap paperbacks!
I know a bit about your yacht story: Is living on a yacht like a very small Island?
It sounds strange, but I think that PEI, Japan, and the UK have together a similarity that I suspect they share with Taiwan and Tasmania and Iceland that they don’t share with Botswana or Idaho or Poland. What that is is harder to define, but the sense of us/other is certainly part of it, as if the reality of the geography seals in the mythology.
There are people who have studied it more carefully that I’m sure could speak to the Islandism (though I think “Islandness” would make a better book title).
Burbling a bit… where a big island is concerned, I wonder how much difference being aware one is on an island makes to one’s experience of being near the sea (and vice versa) – I’m ‘sea-moved’, and living in Massachusetts and now the Netherlands, I feel closer to the sea, more stirred by the sea, as far as I can tell, than living ‘inland’ on an island, in places like Grantham and Oxford (but how I feel it, visiting Whitby, or (most of?) Wales!).
Critical point. I didn’t feel the Islandness where we were in Japan (next to a volcano on a beautiful plateau), but once I was on the highway I felt it. It was the sea that drew me, so that in Vancouver I very much felt the coastline.I also lived in Newfoundland, very Island-like. Trundling around Oxford and Chester, I didn’t feel anything particularly Island-like (though closish to sea), but as soon as I went into Wales I felt it.
It could be I’m making it all up!
Back to “islandness” for a moment. You asked, “Is living on a yacht like a very small island?” Yes, now that I think about it, being out of sight of land on a 50-foot yacht is VERY much like being on a small island (or planet even, like The Little Prince). An island, in our case, with two palm trees (if your eyes didn’t follow them to their tops) or like Lewis’ Perelandra–an island or islands in constant motion, an island that keeps you queasy.
But then I wonder about what the man with the impressive name (above) says about just living by the sea whether you’re on a big island or the mainland. No, I’m not sure that works, because of the awareness. There is a knowing that you can drive or take a train overland to other bits, bits that connect you, that I think is different from knowing there is a bridge. I felt delightfully disconnected from All That Out There (said with a scornful toss of the head) while on PEI. I didn’t want to leave the coziness of that isolation.
So, yes–once the lines are thrown off, a boat IS a small island and also yes, “the reality of the geography seals in the mythology.” Even if it weren’t true, I like the elegant way it sounds.
Now I really must go find a couple of light sabers and a Storm Trooper helmet or something for the Star Wars party we are taking 13 mainland Chinese students to tonight. Should be a kick to watch first contact (to borrow from Star Trek)–11 of them have never heard of Star Wars. Maybe, being small, I’ll Yoda be instead.
Thanks for sharing, Jessica. I can’t scientifically say much, but I do agree about the Islandness and that sense of space. I am now in New Brunswick, on the “mainland,” and although we’re surrounded by encroaching flood waters, it feels a lot more solid and … continental.
I would love some life on a boat.
May the 4th be with you!
(May the 4th be with you)–and with you! Ten mainland Chinese students, 18-20 years old, here in the United States for four months of English conversation (among other things) came to the Star Wars party at our church tonight. They know little English and only two of them had ever heard of Star Wars. They immediately lined up to decorate foam light sabers and had enthusiastic battles with little kids who were delighted to pile on an adult. The food was rice bowls (chicken, beef, pork) which they said was “just like home.” They had a blast! I think the evening took Chinese-American relations to a whole “nother” level!
“There is a knowing that you can drive or take a train overland to other bits, bits that connect you, that I think is different from knowing there is a bridge.” Yes, I think you’re right – that’s always there, if ‘under the surface’. (I think of the classic (supposed?) headline, ‘Thick Fog in the English Channel – Continent Isolated’.)
I’ve just read 1805 by Richard Woodman and am just reading Ramage and the Guillotine by the late Dudley Pope, two ‘historical naval’ novelists (among other things) who, the Wikipediast tells me, both spent a lot of time living ‘on board’. Of Woodman, “He went to sea at the age of sixteen as an indentured midshipman and has spent eleven years in command. His experience ranges from cargo-liners to ocean weather ships and specialist support vessels as well as yachts, square-riggers, and trawlers […] and [he] continues his close association with the sea as a keen yachtsman.” Of Pope: “He took to living on boats from 1953 on; when he married Kay Pope in 1954, they lived on a William Fife 8-meter named Concerto, then at Porto Santo Stefano, Italy in 1959 with a 42-foot ketch Tokay. In 1963 he and Kay moved to a 53-foot cutter Golden Dragon, on which they moved to Barbados in 1965. In 1968 they moved onto a 54-foot wooden yacht named Ramage, aboard which he wrote all of his stories until 1985.” Wow! (I don’t know how much of a difference it makes, as I have no watery experience between a rowboat on a lake* in Boars Hill, and Channel ferries (and, once, a hovercraft), and the QE II, but both have been delightful reading! Also thoroughly enjoyed Tim Severin’s The Brendan Voayage, recently – giving a vivid picture of the very distinct experience of life aboard a mediaeval leathern boat!)
Islands make all sorts of differences – when I knocked around with Professor Chang Chin Erh, from Taiwan, he was thoroughly delighted in being able to drink as much fresh milk as he liked.
*The Wikipediast tells me ‘Llewellyn’ “combines the theonyms Lugus and Belenus” – both of whom may have inland watery connections.
Something curiously inviting strikes me (perhaps more than idiosyncratically) – to compare – and contrast! – Anne’s initial experiences in Avonlea, with John’s childhood in The Pilgrim’s Regress (!)
Puritania = Avonlea?
Not exactly ‘equals’, but, yes – the ‘Calvinistic’ Reformation background in Avonlea (as in various realistic MacDonald novels, like Robert Falconer, for instance: maybe a good one to try!) which seems to inform the name ‘Puritania’ and (to my sense – but I should reread!) details of the depiction, though with distinct contrasts, too – Avonlea does not have the systematic hypocrisy of Puritania (as I remember it…), for a very big difference!
loritischler says:
FanTAStic. I always knew in the murky recesses of my mind that there were similarities. Beautifully, thoroughly said, BD! A real treat: THANK YOU.
Thanks for the nice note! I am actually at an Anne play tonight.
Hmm… just noticed the mischievous left-handed Lewis photo at the top: I can’t remember who(-all) has published it, that way, but getting acquainted with The Kilns first made me suddenly notice in whatever book – ‘that’s not where the fireplace is in Lewis’s room!’. But, it makes such an aesthetically pleasing effect together with the photo of LMM, here, perhaps I shouldn’t have mentioned it… (I’d say, leave it as is, with this comment like an ‘erratum slip’ in a published book!)
What marvellous Anne and Dymer early edition covers: wow!
And that 2008 commemorative stamp somehow keeps bringing me up short – the palette and style somehow remind me of an early Italian Renaissance painting, which makes Anne’s straw hat seem like a stylized nimbus on a saint (!)
Ha, yes, I actually turned both of those around at various times. I know Lewis’ room, but I don’t know if Montgomery was left or right handed.
There are only a handful of Dymer covers in existence, but there are a few Anne ones (I think it printed 8000, so quite a first edition in 1908). Neither of those stamps are terribly brilliant, honestly. And the Anne license plates here were atrocious (but won a license plate design award…).
Brenton, did you finally go to THE Anne play–and wasn’t it Just Right?
Believe it or not, we haven’t gotten to the musical yet (since we were teens). We will, and would have this year, but Jesus Christ Superstar is taking all our theatre money for the year. But my niece did play Marilla last week in a very good high school stage play in New Brunswick!
I think that was his point…I hope they don’t shut down the musical before you get to see it. I plan to keep nagging you occasionally until you do.
> I think that PEI, Japan, and the UK have together a similarity that I suspect they share with Taiwan and Tasmania and Iceland that they don’t share with Botswana or Idaho or Poland. What that is is harder to define…<
When I shared the concept of Islandness with my brother Ted, who sailed with us around the world–actually NAVIGATED us around the world, at the age of 16–he said he saw at once the similarities of the first group that are not shared by the second one: Botswana, Idaho and Poland all have "o"s in them, whereas PEI, Japan and the UK do not. (My response to him: Where is a sticking-out-one's-tongue emoji when you need one?)
He also wondered if Mont St. Michel should be considered an island or not–do they share a sense of Islandness only when the tide is up? Can Long Island be considered a fully-qualifying island? quoth he. And how about Rhode Island? (My brilliant brother can also be engagingly absurd.) HE said a small boat is not IN ANY WAY like a small island, to which I need the same emoji.)
Well, that’s a twist I hadn’t thought of…. Rhode Island and Long Island are in my mind peninsulas. It doesn’t sound like we got a lot of evidence out of that conversation!
Have a look at Wikipedia’s “Aquidneck Island” (as “last edited on 24 March 2018, at 01:22”): wow- I never heard of any of this, before (as far as I recall)! . (And their “Long Island” article includes, “Adriaen Block followed in 1615 and is credited as the first European to determine that both Manhattan and Long Island are islands.”)
Well, there you go. I’ve been walking around with these fake Islands in my head all along. I am now more Island inclusive.
Made a good start on the longish title poem of a book by a young poet known to Lewis, S.O.S…’Ludlow’ (1940) by Christopher Hassall. It’s set aboard an 8000 ton ship on the Atlantic in October 1939, and starts with a chess game between two passengers… very interesting, in all sorts of ways, so far…
Well, if they turn it into a movie, all they need is one set. And a chessboard!
Not to strew spoilers, but, I’ve finished it now, and, as it happens, things happen, and more sets will be called for… It’s very vivid and (inadequate adjectival) interesting in all sorts of ways, including, like and unlike the River in Prince Caspian, in some sense having Ocean as talking character – while being very ‘realistic’! (More teaser than spoiler, I hope – though how many libraries have it…?)
I can now reveal that the occasion of my reading S.O.S…’Ludlow’ (1940) by Christopher Hassall has to do with in what sense it was known to Lewis. Michael Blakeley contacted Arend Smilde, having identified the quotation in chapter nine section two of That Hideous Strength as having come from the title poem of that book. But he made the discovery via a google books version that only gave selective access to the text, so most of the context was tantalizingly missing. Arend asked if I had a copy or knew of anyone who did, I hadn’t, but asked Dale Nelson – who had just returned a copy he’d read via Inter-Library Loan! Meanwhile, Arend discovered a library copy in the Netherlands… So now, at least three Lewis-lovers who know each other have recently read this very interesting and earnestly enjoyable poem (I’m not sure if Michael Blakeley has read all of it, yet).
Arend has just added a note here – for anyone willing to find out what happens later in the poem, without having read it right through:
http://lewisiana.nl/thsquotes/index.htm
We haven’t discussed it in detail, but I think it is interesting to compare and contrast the experiences of the speaker in the poem up to that point, and those of Mark Studdock in THS up to the point where Lewis quotes it…
This is very cool! Next time you drop a bomb like this let’s make it a guest post to advertise Arend’s excellent ongoing work.
The thing about “intertextuality” is that it works best as a community affair: no one person can track the reader life of a reader like Lewis. But together….
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katehthomas says:
How interesting to read a comparison of these two authors!
Thanks! I love your medieval blog, by the way. I don’t always get there but I find it rich when I do.
nigelvalentine says:
I just spent the last 20 minutes reading this post and all the myriad comments, lost in a lovely web of literary and geographical references! Delightful! And there is so much I would love to respond to!
To begin, I came across your post by way of a simple search, actually: I recently picked up my well-loved copy of Anne of Green Gables after 20 years or so and made some startling discoveries, one of which led me to draft an outline for an essay on Anne and CSLewis’ The Four Loves, which I had recently finished reading. Of the four, only Eros is noticably absent, though that in itself is worth examination, I think. There are, of course, strong Friendships, clear Affection and sincere Charity in Anne, and in many of LMM’s works, but I think an examination of Lewis’ view is worth making because of the complexity of the relationships in her work.
In addition to my love and admiration for LMM and CSL I am also a huge and unabashed Arthur Ransome fan! In fact, I have a special place in my heart for children’s literature, and I know I am not alone: Tolkien read Ransome and Lewis returned again and again to The Wind in the Willows. Anyway, thank you for this lovely journey! I’ll return for more adventures!
Thanks for this nice note! The 4 Loves + Montgomery is a good idea. For eros I think the Emily series is more complex than even the older Anne books, where “romance” means all kinds of things wrapped into one, like fairy tales and adventures and love. It could be worth a study!
Yes, Ransome has a touch, and the Wind in the Willows is an important book. Though it has never caught me totally, I still remember childhood reading.
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Man, I love rutabaga almost as much as I love turnip! 2 hours ago
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https://apnews.com/a8bfb5fcc5d9bbf7231d16787e5cf64f
Scott Drew
Davion Mitchell
Mark Vital
Texas Tech Red Raiders men's basketball
Chris Beard
Baylor Bears men's basketball
No. 4 Baylor wins 11th in a row 57-52 over No. 22 Texas Tech
Texas Tech's Terrence Shannon Jr. (1) tries to shoot over Baylor's Freddie Gillespie (33) during the first half of an NCAA college basketball game Tuesday, Jan. 7, 2020, in Lubbock, Texas. (AP Photo/Brad Tollefson)
LUBBOCK, Texas (AP) — Coach Scott Drew and No. 4 Baylor got exactly the kind of game they expected, and extended their winning streak even with a season-high 20 turnovers.
“Very proud of our guys from this standpoint ... we knew it was going to be a rock fight,” Drew said. “You had two great defenses and two teams that really pride themselves on the defensive end.”
Davion Mitchell scored 14 points, Mark Vital grabbed 13 rebounds and the Bears won their 11th game in a row, 57-52 on Tuesday night at No. 22 Texas Tech, which hadn’t lost at home in nearly a year.
“This is just life in the Big 12, lose by five on your home floor to the No. 4 team in the country on a night where we just didn’t do a lot of things well enough to try to find a way to win the game,” Texas Tech coach Chris Beard said.
The Bears (12-1, 2-0 Big 12) made their last field goal with 3:06 left, but hit five free throws after Chris Clarke’s three-point play for Texas Tech with 29 seconds left cut the gap to 52-50.
Texas Tech (10-4, 1-1) had won 15 consecutive home games since a loss to Iowa State last Jan. 16, and is 58-6 at home in Beard’s four seasons. The Red Raiders had won their last 10 Big 12 games overall.
Freshman Jahmi’us Ramsey led the Red Raiders with 20 points, and Kyler Edwards had 10.
Jared Butler, Baylor’s leading scorer, had only five points — more than 12 below his season average. But he made his first basket on a layup with 3:48 left, and then added a jumper 42 seconds later for a 51-45 lead.
“The thing that I was most proud of, being in the first road Big 12 game, hostile arena against a very well-coached and very good team, we never lost our composure,” Drew said. “Some teams get rattled and throw it away and then now they score another quick bucket. I thought our guys did a great job on moving on to the next play.”
Baylor made the necessary free throws late, and basically sealed the game after a technical foul against the Red Raiders for reaching across and touching the ball before an inbound pass following Ramsey’s layup with eight seconds left.
“I feel like we had momentum at first but then they just kept coming back and getting tough buckets on us,” Edwards said. “Think that kind of derailed us and getting offensive rebounds.”
Texas Tech had an early 9-7 lead on a Ramsey layup. Baylor then scored the next eight points, including two baskets by Freddie Gillespie, and never trailed again.
“The reason we didn’t play our best tonight was Baylor,” Beard said.
BIG PICTURE:
Baylor: The Bears went into a hostile environment and took care of business, and improving to 4-0 against Top 25 opponents this season. Baylor focused in on their mismatches and never looked back. They used their size advantage for a 44-25 rebounding margin.
Texas Tech: The Red Raiders saw their weakness exploited as the Bears controlled the paint. Texas Tech doesn’t really have a big man inside. Ramsey got his 20 points on 7-of-17 shooting and Davide Moretti struggled to eight points on 3-of-11 shooting — 0-for-6 on 3s.
STREAKING BEARS
Only No. 7 San Diego State (15) and No. 5 Auburn (13), who both play Wednesday, have longer active winning streaks than Baylor. The 11 in a row by the Bears matches the fifth-longest in program history.
Gillespie finished with nine points and 10 rebounds. ... Texas Tech has held seven of its 14 opponents this season under 60 points. ... Baylor entered the game leading the Big 12 in scoring defense, allowing only 58.9 points a game. ...
Baylor has another Top 25 matchup on the road, at No. 3 Kansas on Saturday.
Texas Tech plays three of its next four games on the road, the first coming Saturday at No. 17 West Virginia.
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GARY DIMMOCK Original Article Appeared in the Ottawa Citizen | December 11, 2019 Tracey Anne Millsop’s untimely death on May 3, 2018 never made the news until now. Mother of two children. Known for helping others, whether as a teacher’s aide or shovelling snow. Married to Fonze Latourelle, they spent their free time boating and […]
Gerald Bennett’s sentencing hearing Sept. 3 Laurie Weir, Smiths Falls Record News A former eastern Ontario fire chief pleaded guilty to charges of theft, fraud and breach of trust Monday July 8 in Brockville criminal court. Sentencing for Gerald Bennett, 61, of Elgin, who was the chief for the Town of Gananoque with contracted services […]
The former fire chief of Gananoque and the Township of Leeds and the Thousand Islands has pleaded guilty of defrauding the municipalities of more than $65,000 over a four-year period. His lawyer, Armoured Suits Ottawa’s Joshua Clarke, has noted that Bennett has “agreed to pay back the $45,000 that he took from the town and township and the money is in trust”.
Opioid death are on the rise in Canada. Former Ottawa pharmacist, Waseem Shaheen, convicted of trafficking $1,000,000 worth of fentanyl patches, was sentenced to 14 years in prison – it’s the toughest sentence ever handed down to a pharmacist dealing fentanyl. Armoured Suits Criminal Defence Lawyers‘ Joshua Clarke spoke with Ottawa’s CTV News on why […]
Joshua Clarke from Armoured Suits Criminal Defence Lawyers speaks with Henry Burris and CTV Morning Live Ottawa about the current pot laws. Joshua covers topics including possession, distribution, trafficking, and penalties. He also delves into drug impaired driving and sheds some light on the new detection tools that police will be using. If you missed […]
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John Hoskins, circa 1590-1665
Portrait of John Milton 1608 – 1674, poet, polemicist, man of letters, & civil servant
oil on canvas, relined
30 x 25in. (76 x 63.5cm.)
Anecdotes of Painting in England..., by Horace Walpole, 3rd edition,(volumes I,II and III) with the book plates of William Aston, with notes on the entry of John Hoskins stating that a Portrait of John Milton is in the possesion of William Aston of Hereford , 1782,plus two copies of the auction catalogue that the painting was purchased from, circa 1926 (lot 114), the original lot description describes the Sittr as 'Milton'.
William Astonof Hereford circa 1780
George Weston, 159 Chevening Rd, Auctions Paddington , 23rd Feb, 1926 (lot 114), Portrait of John Milton, sold for £2.16
John Milton, (1608–1674), poet and polemicist, was born at 6.30 a.m. on Friday 9 December 1608 in the house at the sign of the Spread Eagle, Bread Street, London, and baptized in nearby All Hallows Church on 20 December, the third child of John Milton (1562–1647), and his wife, Sara, née Jeffrey (c.1572–1637). The house in Bread Street accommodated the scrivener's business of Milton's father, and was also the family home. The most remarkable feature of the domestic life of Milton's childhood was music: Milton's father was a composer, and the music that he wrote was designed for performance in private houses, without an audience. Milton grew up in a household in which music was performed, and his skills as a singer in consorts and as a player of the organ and the bass viol were acquired as a child in Bread Street.
Milton was initially educated at home by private tutors, including Thomas Young, a Scottish schoolmaster who eventually became master of Jesus College, Cambridge. In Ad patrem ('To my Father') Milton was later to express his gratitude that his father had paid for lessons in Latin, Greek, Hebrew, French, and Italian. It is likely that instruction in these languages began with private tutors; although Milton went on to study the ancient languages at school, modern languages were not taught in schools, and all of Milton's instruction in French and Italian (and possibly Spanish) was given by private tutors. At an unknown date between 1615 and 1621 Milton became a pupil at nearby St Paul's School; the most likely date is 1620, when the departure of Thomas Young for a pulpit in Hamburg may have prompted the decision to send Milton to school. At St Paul's, Milton was taught by Alexander Gil the elder and became a friend of Alexander Gil the younger and of Charles Diodati. A lifetime later, Milton's widow told John Aubrey that Milton was a poet at the age of ten. None of Milton's extant poems can be assigned to this date, but a few of his schoolboy juvenilia survive, including an imitation of Mantuan entitled Apologus de rustico et hero ('The Fable of a Peasant and his Master') and a Greek epigram, Philosophus ad regem quendam ('A philosopher to a certain king'). About 1874 a page (now in Austin, Texas) apparently in Milton'syouthful hand came to light, and it contains a prose theme on early rising and two Latin poems. Milton's earliest datable poems are English paraphrases of psalms 114 and 136; when Milton printed them in 1645 he said that they 'were done by the Author at fifteen years old', which was in 1624.
Early in 1625 Milton arrived in Cambridge, perhaps in time for the start of the Lent term on 13 January. On 12 February, on payment of 10s., he was admitted to Christ's College as a minor pensioner, a status below that of fellow-commoner but above that of sizar. The tutor to whom he was assigned was William Chappell, who was later to become provost of Trinity College, Dublin. On 9 April 1625 Milton presented himself to James Tabor, the university registrary, and formally matriculated at the university. Undergraduates did not necessarily return home during the university vacations, and it is likely that Milton stayed in college after term ended on 8 July, because a plague epidemic had broken out in London; when plague arrived in Cambridge at the beginning of August, Milton presumably left Cambridge to join his family at a retreat in the country. This outbreak of plague may be the 'slaughtering pestilence' to which Milton refers in his poem 'On the Death of a Fair Infant Dying of the Cough'; if so, the poem would seem to have been written in the winter of 1625–6. Alternatively, the subject of the poem may, as Edward Phillips recalled many years later, be Milton'sniece (and Edward's sister) Anne, who died in January 1628, aged two.
Milton's earliest Latin poem from this period is a verse letter (later Elegia prima) addressed to his friend Charles Diodati, which seems to have been written from London early in April 1626, shortly before Milton returned to Cambridge. The deaths of four dignitaries in the autumn of 1626 offered occasions for Milton to venture into Latin memorial verse. Lancelot Andrewes, the distinguished scholar and divine, died on 25 September; Milton's commemorative poem (later Elegia tertia) for the celibate Andrewes ends with a startling adaptation of a line from Ovid (Amores, i.5) in which Ovid recalls an assignation with Corinna. On 26 September Richard Ridding, one of the university's esquire bedells, died, and Milton joined in the academic mourning with a memorial poem which he subsequently printed as Elegia secunda; 5 October brought the death of Nicholas Felton, who had succeeded Andrewes as bishop of Ely, and Miltononce again used the occasion to compose a Latin poem. On 21 October Cambridge lost its vice-chancellor, John Gostlin, master of Gonville and Caius College and regius professor of medicine (‘physic’), and once again Milton marked the occasion with a poem. It may have been in the same term that Milton turned his pen to vindictive anti-Catholic polemic in a series of Latin poems on the occasion of the Gunpowder Plot. Milton's contributions to the university celebrations of the defeat of the conspirators were the tiny verse-epic In quintum Novembris ('On the fifth of November'), four epigrams In Proditionem Bombardicam ('On the Gunpowder Plot'), and a fifth, In inventorem bombardae ('On the inventor of gunpowder'); the verse epic contains Milton's first portrayal of Satan.
The only remnants of Milton's prose to survive from this period are a Latin letter to Thomas Young and a collection of Latin academic exercises known as prolusions. The letter to Young was written on 26 March 1627; it was later printed as the first letter in Milton's Epistolares familiares ('Private letters'), but misdated as 26 March 1625. In this letter Milton alludes to a companion poem, which must be his verse letter to Young(later Elegia quarta). Six of Milton's seven Latin prolusions are speeches that he delivered to meet the academic requirements of the university and his college; four (1, 2, 3, and 7) are orations (declamationes) and two (4 and 5) are Milton's half of formal debates (disputationes). Prolusions 2, 3, and 5 were read in the 'Public Schools' (university lecture rooms, now known as ‘Old Schools’), and prolusions 1, 4, and 7 were read in Christ's College. Prolusion 6 is not part of the statutory exercises, but is rather an address to Milton's fellow students at an entertainment (known as a ‘salting’) on the eve of the long vacation; this prolusion, which Milton delivered on or shortly before 4 July 1628, is preceded by a Latin oration addressed to his fellow students and followed by an English poem, 'On the Vacation Exercise'. This prolusion also contains the first reference to Milton's nickname, ‘the Lady’: just as the young Virgil (parthenias vulgo appellatus sit'was usually called the Lady'), so Milton became known as ‘the Lady of Christ's’.
On 25 May and 11 June 1627 Milton was in London, where he signed two legal documents. These absences from Cambridge during term time suggest that this may be the term when he fell out with Chappell and was consequently sent down from the university. This period of suspension (or rustication) in London may have been the time when Milton wrote his mildly erotic Elegia septima, though it is possible that the poem was written as late as 1630. On returning to Cambridge, probably in the autumn of 1627, Milton was assigned to a new tutor, Nathaniel Tovey. When Milton's younger brother Christopher [see Milton, Sir Christopher] was admitted to Christ's College in February 1631, he too was assigned to Tovey, which may imply that Milton had established a better relationship with Tovey than he had managed with Chappell.
Milton's final year as an undergraduate began badly when his friend Alexander Gil the younger was imprisoned for toasting the assassin of Buckingham, but Milton continued to study and occasionally to compose verse. He supplicated for his BA early in 1629 and later signed (apparently without scruple) the three articles of religion in the university subscription book. The spring of 1629 is the most likely date of composition for Milton's sonnet 'O nightingale' (later Sonnet 1), his 'Song. On May Morning', and his sensuous Latin poem In adventum veris ('On the coming of spring'), later Elegia quinta.
The Cambridge MA is now taken without residence, but such was not the case in the seventeenth century, and Milton returned to Cambridge in October 1629. It may have been during this term that he wrote five Italian sonnets (later sonnets 2–6) and a stanza di canzone. The native-speaker fluency of these youthful love poems is an earnest of the formidable linguistic ability that was later to be associated with Milton. One of the sonnets is addressed to Diodati; another seems furtively to address a lady called Emilia, who may have been a member of the Italian protestant community in London or a product of Milton's enamoured imagination. Early on Christmas day 1629 Milton completed 'On the Morning of Christ's Nativity'; shortly thereafter he sent a copy of the poem to Diodati, describing it in his accompanying Latin verse letter (later Elegia sexta) as a birthday gift to Christ, composed by the first light of dawn. In one of the introductory stanzas to the poem, Milton describes his 'hymn' as a 'humble ode', so aligning his Christian hymn with the pagan traditions of the ode; the poem is now known as the 'Nativity Ode'. It was Milton's first English poem on a religious theme, and he later indicated its importance in his spiritual and poetic development by placing it first in his 1645 and 1673 Poems. The 'Nativity Ode' inaugurated a triptych of poems based on the church calendar: Milton's unfinished poem in the metaphysical style, 'The Passion', was composed for Good Friday, probably in 1630, and 'Upon the Circumcision' marks new year's day, possibly in 1633.
In the autumn of 1630 the booksellers who had published the first folio of Shakespeare's plays began to make arrangements to produce a second folio, which was eventually published in 1632. For reasons that are not clear, Milton was asked (or volunteered) to contribute a commendatory poem; this was to be Milton's first published poem, and he later collected it as 'On Shakespeare' and dated it 1630. On new year's day 1631 Thomas Hobson, the octogenarian driver of the Cambridge to London coach, died in Cambridge, and university wits who had endured his reckless driving were quick to mourn his passing. Milton joined in the affectionate commemorations with two (or possibly three) poems 'On the University Carrier'; the tone of the poems is light-hearted, but the closing lines of the first poem, in which Death is personified as the bedroom attendant in an inn, constitute one of the most graceful descriptions of mortality in English poetry. A more serious memorial poem followed a few months later: Jane Savage, the marchioness of Winchester, died on 15 April 1631, and although Milton seems not to have known her, he joined in the public mourning with an 'Epitaph on the Marchioness of Winchester', which he wrote on 'the banks of Cam'.
Hammersmith and Horton, 1631–1638
Early in 1631 the Milton family moved to Hammersmith, which was then a hamlet in the parish of Fulham, some 6 miles west of London on the north bank of the Thames. Milton's father was certainly in residence in April 1631, when he was assessed for poor relief. Two months later, on 7 June 1631, a newly established chapel of ease was consecrated by Bishop Laud; Milton's father became a churchwarden, and, on coming down from Cambridge, Milton became a parishioner. He had sworn on supplicating for his MA to continue his studies for an additional five years; two years later (in 1639) he would have been eligible to apply for the degree of bachelor of divinity (Latin sanctae theologiae baccalaureus). This oath was merely the vestige of an earlier custom, but Milton seems to have taken it seriously, because he chose to spend the next five years in private study; he was later to claim that he was making good the deficiencies of his Cambridge education. In signing the subscription book to take his MA, Milton once again acknowledged the liturgy and doctrine of the Church of England and the supremacy of the king; he was eventually to ignore the liturgy, repudiate several key aspects of the doctrine, and applaud the execution of the king to whom he had sworn allegiance.
From time to time Milton interrupted his private studies in order to compose verse, but there is no evidence for the dates of several important works that seem to be products of the early 1630s. The Latin poem addressed to his father, Ad patrem, may be a product of this period, as may Milton's English translation of Horace's fifth ode, Ad Pyrrham. His pastoral entertainment, Arcades, was performed in the garden of Harefield, the estate of the dowager countess of Derby near Uxbridge. The poised and sprightly twin poems 'L'Allegro' and 'Il Penseroso' may date from this period, if indeed they were written at the same time, but the countryside described in 'L'Allegro' contains no features that enable it to be tied to a specific place and time. Similarly, 'At a Solemn Music' and 'On Time' are likely to have been written during this period, but cannot be dated with any precision. His sonnet 'How soon hath time' (later Sonnet 7), however, can be assigned with some confidence to December 1632, close to Milton's twenty-fourth birthday.
In 1634 Milton was asked to compose the text of a masque which was to be mounted in Ludlow in honour of the inauguration of John Egerton, earl of Bridgewater, as lord president of Wales; Ludlow is in England rather than Wales, but it is in the Welsh marches and was the seat of the court of marches, over which the earl of Bridgewaterwas to preside. The music for the masque was written by Henry Lawes, who had probably commissioned Milton to compose the text. The masque was performed at Ludlow Castle on Monday 29 September 1634. Three of the earl's children (all of whom had acted before) played the central roles, and Henry Lawes acted the part of the Attendant Spirit. The idea that Milton travelled to Ludlow and acted the part of Comus is a scholarly fantasy without foundation. In 1637 or early in 1638 Lawes published Milton's text (without any indication of its authorship) as A Maske Presented at Ludlow Castle, and Milton reprinted it in his Poems of 1645. Since the late seventeenth century the masque has been known as Comus; to call the masque after the tempter is rather like referring to Paradise Lost as Satan, but the title is now firmly established. Later in the year, Alexander Gil wrote a Latin epithalamium, and sent a copy to Milton; on 4 December Milton replied, enclosing a recently composed translation of Psalm 114 into Greek verse.
On 12 May 1636 Milton's father resigned as assistant to the Company of Scriveners on the grounds of his 'removal to inhabit in the country'. This phrase (in a manuscript that is now lost) indicates the retirement of Milton's family to Horton, Buckinghamshire (later Berkshire). Milton may have used the nearby libraries at Eton College and Langley (the Kedermister Library) to support his programme of private study, but London was much less accessible than it had been in Hammersmith. It was about this time that Milton started to record titbits from his voluminous reading in a commonplace book (now in the British Library), which he continued to use until after the Restoration.
Less than a year after Milton had settled with his parents into the rural seclusion of Horton, his mother, Sara, died, on 3 April 1637. Milton and his father buried her in the aisle of the chancel of Horton church; the inscribed blue stone still bears her name. Milton seems not to have written a poem in her memory, but soon occasion arose for him to write his greatest memorial poem, one that is arguably the finest short poem in the English language. The occasion of 'Lycidas' was the death of Edward King, a fellow of Christ's College who had drowned off the coast of Anglesey on 10 August 1637. Kinghad been a younger contemporary of Milton at Christ's College, and had been awarded a fellowship by royal mandate. The myth that Milton was aggrieved because he had been robbed of the fellowship for which he was destined was invented in the eighteenth century, and is based on the groundless assumption that an academic post, with its attendant obligations of celibacy and ordination in the Church of England, would have been the highest calling to which Milton might have aspired. In fact Milton was contemptuous of Cambridge, and in any case he was ineligible for election, because the statutes of the college prohibited the election of more than one fellow from any county; Michael Honywood was, like Milton, a native of Middlesex, and so Milton could not have been elected to a fellowship as long as Honywood was in post.
The death of Ben Jonson on 16 August, six days after the death of Edward King, was marked in Oxford by a collection of memorial poems entitled Jonsonus virbius. It is possible that this volume provided a stimulus for the poets of Cambridge to assemble a rival volume in memory of King, who had lacked Jonson's great gifts as a poet, but had none the less published ten competent Latin poems. Milton was asked to contribute a poem, and in November 1637 copied a draft of 'Lycidas' into his poetical notebook (now in Trinity College, Cambridge, and so known as the Trinity manuscript). The poem was published in Justa Edouardo King naufrago ab amicis moerentibus, amoris et mneias charin('Obsequies to Edward King, drowned by shipwreck, in token of love and remembrance, by his grieving friends') late in 1638. Milton had chosen to write in English, and his poem was placed at the end of the English section of the volume, which had a separate title-page (Obsequies to the Memory of Mr Edward King). Most of the poems in the volume was written in the fashionable idiom of the metaphysical poem, often in imitation of Donne. Milton chose to ignore this contemporary enthusiasm for wittily expressed grief in favour of the traditional genre of the pastoral elegy. His poem originated in a desire to commemorate King, but in the act of composition Miltontranscended his ostensible subject and produced a meditation on human mortality that retains the power to move readers centuries after the death of King and those who mourned him.
The origins of Milton's disenchantment with the Caroline church are not clear, but the earliest unambiguous evidence would seem to be enshrined in 'Lycidas', in which the apostle Peter censures the English church. Satire directed against the church had been a part of pastoral elegy since Petrarch, and Milton took advantage of this convention to mount an attack on the greed of the clergy, whom he stigmatizes as 'blind mouths'; he does, however, furnish Peter with a bishop's mitre, because in 1637 Milton was still content with the notion that it was Peter who had inaugurated the succession of bishops.
'Lycidas' concludes with an affirmation that when grieving has finished, life must go on: 'Tomorrow to fresh woods and pastures new'. Milton had grieved privately for his mother and publicly for Edward King, and he then turned to his plans to travel to the woods and pastures of Italy. He sought advice from Sir Henry Wotton, who had retired from his diplomatic career to become provost of Eton, which was within a few miles of Horton. On 6 April 1638 Milton wrote to Wotton, enclosing a copy of Comus and mentioning his intention to travel to Italy in the next few weeks. Wotton's reply, which Milton printed in the edition of Comus in his 1645 Poems, contained advice about the best route and about deportment, together with an introduction to the English ambassador in Paris.
Italy, 1638–1639
In May 1638 Milton left England for a tour of the continent that was to last approximately fifteen months. He first travelled from London to Paris, where he met the ambassador of King Charles, Viscount Scudamore of Sligo. Lord Scudamorearranged for Milton to meet Hugo Grotius, the learned Dutch jurist who was living in Paris as the ambassador of Queen Kristina of Sweden. On leaving Paris, Milton travelled south to Nice, along the coast to Genoa, thence to Leghorn by ship, and then inland via Pisa to Florence, where he arrived in June 1638 for a visit of about five months. During this first visit to Florence, Milton participated in the meetings of at least two Florentine academies (the Svogliati and the Apatisti) and so became acquainted with the learned men of the city, several of whom composed tributes to Milton which he was later to print in his 1645 Poemata. Milton's attendance at the weekly meetings of the Svogliati in the new palazzo of the Gaddi family (later the Hotel Astoria) enabled him to meet the poet Antonio Malatesti, who subsequently dedicated La Tina, an erotic sonnet sequence, 'al grande poeta inghilese Giovanni Milton Londra' ('to the great English poet John Milton of London'). At these meetings Milton also met the scholar Benedetto Buonmattei, to whom Milton subsequently wrote proposing additions to his Della lingua Toscana (the suggestions were ignored) and Vincenzo Galilei, the illegitimate son of Galileo. It may have been Vincenzo who arranged for Milton to visit Galileo, either in the astronomer's house at Arcetri or in Vincenzo's house on the Costa San Giorgio, where Galileo was staying for medical treatment; Milton was later to recall the visit in Areopagitica (1644). On 6/16 September 1638 Milton read one of his own Latin poems to the academicians, who judged it to be 'molto erudita'. There is a late tradition to the effect that Milton visited Vallombrosa while staying in Florence, but there is no evidence and little likelihood that such a visit took place; Milton's allusion to the 'autumnal leaves that strew the brook / In Vallombrosa' (Paradise Lost, book 1, ll. 302–3) derives from Ariosto, not from a recollection of an excursion to the monastery at Vallombrosa.
In October 1638 Milton travelled south to Siena and thence to Rome, where he stayed for about two months. On 20/30 October he dined in the English College, where the pilgrim book records the presence of Milton and his unnamed servant as well as three other English guests. In December Milton journeyed on to Naples in the company of an unidentified traveller whom Milton later described as a hermit; he was presumably a Carmelite friar. This well-connected hermit introduced Milton to his Neapolitan host, Giovanni Battista Manso, marchese di Villa, to whom Milton later addressed Mansus, a poem that sought to demonstrate in its elegant Latin hexameters that Manso, who had been the patron of Torquato Tasso and Giambattista Marino, had once again offered hospitality to a poet. Milton had originally planned to go on from Naples to Sicily and Greece, but he decided to abandon these plans and travel slowly home; he later attributed this decision (in the Defensio secunda) to 'the sad tidings of civil war from England … For I thought it base that I should travel abroad at my ease for the cultivation of my mind while my fellow citizens at home were fighting for liberty'.
In January 1639 Milton returned to Rome, where he met (or renewed his acquaintance with) the poet Giovanni Salzilli (to whom he later addressed his Latin poem Ad Salsillam), the German scholar and Catholic convert Lukas Holste, and Cardinal Francesco Barberini. Holste, who was secretary and librarian to Cardinal Barberini, showed Milton around the Barberini Library and presented him with a copy of his recently published bilingual edition of the axioms of the later Pythagoreans; on learning that Milton was returning to Florence, Holste asked him to visit the Laurentian Library to copy parts of a Medicean codex for him. During this visit to Rome, Milton attended at least two musical events. He was present at a recital given by the singer Leonora Baroni and subsequently wrote three conventionally enraptured epigrams in her honour, Ad Leonoram Romae canentem ('To Leonora, Singing in Rome'). On 17/27 February he attended a comic opera (Rospigliosi's Chi soffre, speri) mounted by Cardinal Francesco Barberini in the vast theatre of the newly completed Palazzo Barberini; the audience of 3500 included Cardinal Mazarin. Milton later recalled that he was greeted at the door by Cardinal Barberini, who granted him a private audience the next day; Barberini was prime minister of Rome and chief adviser to his uncle Pope Urban VIII, but he was also protector of the English, and in that capacity regularly offered hospitality and assistance to travellers such as Milton.
In March 1639 Milton returned to Florence, where he tried unsuccessfully to obtain permission to copy the manuscript for Holste. He again attended the Thursday meetings of the Svogliati, reading his Latin poems on 7/17 and 14/24 March. In April Milton travelled to Bologna and Ferrara and thence to Venice, where he stayed for at least a month. He shipped home the collection of books that he had amassed in his travels, including at least one case of music books containing works by Claudio Monteverdi (who was still living in Venice), Luca Marenzio, Orazio Vecchi, and Don Carlo Gesualdo. He then proceeded from Venice to Verona and Milan, through Lombardy and the Apennine Alps to Lake Geneva and on to Geneva, where he visited the theologian Giovanni (or Jean) Diodati, uncle of his friend Charles Diodati; if he had not heard the news of Charles's death earlier, Milton may have been told in Geneva. In July he returned to England through France, and shortly thereafter published a Latin poem in memory of Diodati; the only known copy of this edition of the Epitaphium Damonis ('Epitaph for Damon'), the greatest of Milton's Latin poems, survives in the British Library.
Schoolmaster and polemicist, 1639–1642
On returning to London, Milton took lodgings at the house of a tailor called Russell in St Bride's Churchyard (near Fleet Street), where he inaugurated his career as a schoolmaster by assuming responsibility for the education of his nephews Edward and John Phillips. He soon moved to a large house in Aldersgate Street, where he was able to take on additional pupils. Milton's life in the 1640s was divided between his duties as a teacher and his avocation as a polemicist involved in the controversy about church government and initiating a debate about divorce.
In 'Lycidas', Milton's attack on the Caroline church had centred on what he saw as ecclesiastical cupidity; when he renewed his attack four years later his censure was directed towards episcopacy, the system whereby churches are governed by bishops. Episcopacy had been enshrined in the Elizabethan settlement, but throughout the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, vigorous opposition had been voiced by reformers who felt that episcopacy was a vestige of Roman Catholicism and an impediment to the realization of a full reformation. Under Elizabeth the crown had assumed the title of ‘supreme governor’ of the English church, and so the monarch stood at the head of the episcopate. The crown became associated with the episcopal cause, and so it seems likely that Milton's anti-monarchical sentiments of the 1650s had their origins in his anti-episcopal stance of the early 1640s. The debate about episcopacy had rumbled on for decades, but in 1637 had erupted because of the indictment of three prominent puritans (Henry Burton, John Bastwick, and William Prynne) for publishing tracts which attacked episcopacy; the court of Star Chambersentenced the three defendants to torture and mutilation on the scaffold and subsequent incarceration. By 1641 the combatants in the debate had begun to write polemical treatises: Joseph Hall, bishop of Norwich, had published a defence of episcopacy called An Humble Remonstrance to the High Court of Parliament, and a few months later, in March 1641, a group of puritan ministers known collectively by their initials as Smectymnuus (Stephen Marshall, Edward Calamy, Milton's former tutor Thomas Young, Matthew Newcomen, and William Spurstow), responded to Hall with An Answer to a Book Entitled ‘An Humble Remonstrance’. In April Hall hit back with A Defence of the Humble Remonstrance, to which Smectymnuus replied in June with A Vindication of the Answer of the Humble Remonstrance; the following month Hallresponded yet again with his Short Answer to the Tedious Vindication of Smectymnuus.
At this point Milton entered the lists with the first of his five anti-prelatical pamphlets, Of reformation touching church discipline in England and the causes that hitherto have hindered it, which was published between 12 and 31 May 1641. This anonymous tract outlines the pernicious effects of episcopacy, but sets aside the theoretical arguments about church government in favour of fulminations against the episcopate which culminate in a call for the execution of bishops and a prophecy that they will spend eternity being tortured in hell. In the same month that Milton's first tract was published, the patristic scholar James Ussher, archbishop of Armagh, published The Judgement of Dr Rainolds Touching the Original of Episcopacy, in which he sought to confirm the views of the Elizabethan churchman John Rainolds by recourse to patristic authority. Milton responded with Of prelatical episcopacy, and whether it may be deduced from the apostolical times by virtue of those testimonies which are alleged to that purpose in some late treatises, one whereof goes under the name of James, archbishop of Armagh. In this short tract Milton contended that to support episcopacy by resort to the church fathers was tantamount to denying the sufficiency of scripture, and also lent hostages to fortune in providing arguments that could be used to defend Roman Catholicism; throughout the tract Milton maintains a civil tone with his learned opponent, but he none the less declares Ussher's scholarship to be wanting in several important particulars.
Milton's third anti-prelatical tract was a response to Hall's Defence of the Humble Remonstrance, which had been published in April 1641; Milton replied in July with Animadversions upon the Remonstrant's Defence Against Smectymnuus. The qualified deference that Milton had shown to Archbishop Ussher is nowhere in evidence; instead Milton mounts an excoriating personal attack on Bishop Hall. He returns to the attack on the greed of the clergy first articulated in 'Lycidas'; the reticence of pastoral elegy has given way to the savagery of seventeenth-century polemic, and Milton pours vitriol on those who would use the church to amass personal fortunes.
In 1641 episcopalian apologists assembled a tract (possibly edited by Archbishop Ussher) entitled Certain brief treatises written by learned men concerning the ancient and modern government of the church. At the end of January 1642 Milton published his reply, The Reason of Church Government Urged Against Prelaty; the title-page (which is dated 1641) reveals the identity of this tireless polemicist as 'Mr John Milton'. The decision to shed the cloak of anonymity is reflected in the body of the tract by the emergence of a newly radical Milton who is willing to 'divulge unusual things of myself' in an autobiographical digression. Whereas in Of Prelatical Episcopacy and AnimadversionsMilton had argued as a presbyterian within the national church of England, in The Reason of Church Government he moves away from state presbyterianism towards independent congregationalism, which had taken root in the puritan colonies of America and had been re-exported to England as radical tolerationism: Milton had not become a sectarian, but he now differed from the presbyterians in arguing for a measure of toleration, so adumbrating the explicitly tolerationist position that he was to take up in his later years.
Milton's fifth and final anti-prelatical tract, published in April 1642, is entitled An apology against a pamphlet called ‘A modest confutation of a scandalous and scurrilous libel entitled Animadversions’. The anonymous Modest Confutation to which Milton replies had been published the previous month; its authorship is uncertain, but it may be the joint work of Joseph Hall and his son Robert. The attack that Milton had directed against Bishop Hall in Animadversions is heartily reciprocated in the Modest Confutation, which accuses Milton of personal immorality. Milton was always sensitive to personal attacks, and although this sensitivity did not inhibit him in the return of fire in these polemical skirmishes, he always insisted on defending his personal purity: on this occasion he testily insisted that he had never visited brothels as an undergraduate, but that he had observed the irresponsible behaviour of fellow undergraduates who were in due course to rise to senior positions in the church while never managing to shed their adolescent irresponsibility. In the course of the five years between mid-1637 and mid-1642 Milton had moved from being a constructively critical member of the national church to taking up the cause of ecclesiastical reform, and eventually becoming an impassioned opponent of ecclesiastical abuses: he had become an Independent.
Marriage and prose tracts, 1642–1648
In June 1642 Milton embarked on a journey to Forest Hill, in Oxfordshire, with a view to collecting an interest payment of £12 from Richard Powell, an improvident landowner and magistrate to whom Milton's father had lent £300 in 1627. Edward Phillips was later to record that 'after a month's stay, home he returns a married man, that went out a bachelor, his wife being Mary the eldest daughter of Mr Richard Powell'. After the wedding Milton took his seventeen-year-old bride home to his house on Aldersgate Street. A few weeks later Mary returned to her parental home. The initial extension of what was intended as a short separation may have been occasioned by the outbreak of civil war on 22 August, when King Charles raised his standard at Nottingham, but it eventually became clear that the newly wedded couple were estranged.
The reasons for the almost instantaneous collapse of Milton's marriage are not known, but the seriousness of the rift is attested by the fact that Milton redirected his scholarly energies from episcopacy to divorce. In seventeenth-century England a divorce that permitted remarriage could be granted only by parliament; ordinary citizens without access to parliament had to turn to the ecclesiastical courts, which had the power only to grant a form of judicial separation called divorce (a mensa et thoro'from table and bed'). For centuries canon law had stipulated six grounds for divorce: sexual offences (adultery, sodomy, and bestiality), impotence, physical cruelty, infidelity (that is, apostasy), entry into holy orders, and consanguinity; Milton's wife may have deserted him, but in England desertion did not constitute grounds for divorce until 1937. On 1 August 1643 Milton published The doctrine and discipline of divorce, restored to the good of both sexes from the bondage of canon law and other mistakes to Christian freedom, in which he argued that the traditional grounds for divorce were insufficient, and that a man should be able to divorce his wife if the marriage had become spiritually and emotionally barren. Milton does not argue for equal rights for the woman in marriage, but his views none the less anticipate in several respects the position that English law reached in 1969, when it was decreed that the irretrievable breakdown of a marriage constituted grounds for divorce.
On 2 February 1644 Milton published a heavily revised second edition of Doctrine and Discipline of Divorce which he addressed to the English parliament and the Westminster assembly; the reason for the twofold audience was that if the assembly approved of Milton's suggestions, parliament would probably have enshrined new divorce rules in law.
Milton's practical experience of a domestic classroom had led him to reflect on the education appropriate to young members of the governing class. The educational reformer Samuel Hartlib asked Milton to set out his views on the education of children. Milton replied with Of Education, a public letter to Hartlib which was published on 5 June 1644. The pamphlet sets out the daunting programme of a Miltonic education, which encompasses ancient languages (Latin, Greek, Hebrew, Aramaic, Syriac) and a huge range of academic and practical subjects; the only modern language mentioned is Italian, which Milton magisterially claims can be 'easily learned at any odd hour'. The boys in this academy would be prepared to govern a nation, but also to fight for it and oversee its agriculture. To teach in such an academy would not, Milton concedes, be a task for anyone 'that counts himself a teacher, but will require sinews almost equal to those which Homer gave Ulysses'. Milton's educational aspirations were heroic, but his practical efforts as a teacher failed to produce highly educated warrior princes: the Miltonic education of his two nephews equipped them for only the modest profession of hack writing.
On 6 August 1644 Milton published his second divorce tract, again addressed to parliament; this tract is a translation and condensation of chapters 15 to 47 of the second book of De regno Christi ('On the kingdom of Christ') by Martin Butzer (or Bucer), which Milton called The Judgement of Martin Bucer Concerning Divorce. A week later, on 13 August, Herbert Palmer condemned Milton's divorce tracts in a sermon to parliament, and eleven days later parliament was asked by the Company of Stationersto control unlicensed and unregistered books, including Milton's Doctrine and Discipline of Divorce.
This attempt to stifle Milton's tract may have been the spark that ignited his wrath against those who would censor books before publication. Areopagitica was Milton'sbelated response to the licensing order of June 1643, which stipulated that all books had to be examined by a censor prior to publication. His tract, published on 23 November 1644, takes the form of an oration addressed to parliament, which Milton accused of reviving the oppressive measures of a Star Chamber decree of July 1637. Milton's Greek title proposes an analogy between the English parliament and the ancient council of Athens which met on the Areopagus (the ‘Hill of Ares’ north-west of the Acropolis), and also recalls the Areopagiticus, an oration by the ancient orator Isocrates. In the short term Milton was unsuccessful, because parliament ignored his plea; in subsequent centuries, however, Areopagitica came to be valued as the most eloquent defence in English of the right to publish without prior censorship. It has also been invoked as a defence of free speech, but in fact the limits of Miltonic toleration were strictly circumscribed, and include a denial of the rights of Roman Catholics to publish works in defence of their religion.
On 4 March 1645 Milton published his third and fourth divorce tracts, Tetrachordon and Colasterion. Both titles are taken from ancient Greek. Tetrachordon is an adjective meaning ‘four-stringed’, and the neuter suffix links it to the word for musical instrument; Milton is straining to suggest that in the tract he is harmonizing the four main biblical treatments of marriage and divorce. Colasterion is a noun which refers to a place or instrument of torture; Edward Phillips translated the term as 'rod of correction', which may imply that he understood his uncle to be alluding to the beating that he had inflicted on his opponent, who in this instance was the anonymous author of An Answer to a Book Entitled ‘The Doctrine and Discipline of Divorce’, which had been published on 19 November 1644. Milton's reputation as an advocate of divorce had incurred the obloquy of the ecclesiastical establishment, but at least one person seems to have invoked Milton to justify an otherwise unsanctioned divorce: Mrs Attaway, the lacewoman turned radical preacher, spoke approvingly of Milton's tract, and deserted her ungodly husband for William Jenny, the godly husband of another woman. It was about this time that news reached the Powell family to the effect that Milton was planning to divorce Mary and marry the daughter of one Dr Davies. Phillips reports that this prospect 'caused them to set all engines on work to restore the late married woman' (Masson, 3.437); a reconciliation was effected, probably in mid-1645, and when Milton moved into a large house in Barbican in the autumn of 1645, he was joined by Mary. Their daughter Anne was born on 7 July 1646; Milton entered the details on the flyleaf of his family Bible (now in the British Library), where he had recently begun to record his family's births and deaths.
Milton's father died in March 1647, and that autumn Milton moved with his young family to a smaller house in High Holborn, backing onto Lincoln's Inn Fields. In the following year, on 25 October, his daughter Mary was born. The move to a smaller house may reflect a diminution of (or even a conclusion to) Milton's career as a teacher. In this period of relative calm between the end of teaching and the onset of his career as a public servant, Milton turned to private study and writing. It may have been in 1648 that he wrote his Brief History of Moscovia, published posthumously in 1683. At the same time it seems likely that Milton was gathering materials for his History of Britain, the first four books of which he drafted, according to his own account, in the six weeks between the execution of the king on 30 January 1649 and his own appointment as Latin secretary on 13 March.
Poetry, 1641–1648
The poems that Milton wrote in the 1640s were all short occasional pieces, and for the most part consisted of sonnets. After the battle of Edgehill on 23 October 1642, the army of Charles I advanced towards London, causing widespread panic in the capital. Milton's 'Captain or Colonel' (later Sonnet 8), which is entitled 'When the assault was intended to the City' in the Trinity manuscript, may have been occasioned by the prospect of the fall of London. The next poem in the Trinity manuscript is 'Lady, that in the prime of earliest youth' (later Sonnet 9), which uses the parable of the wise and foolish virgins to praise an unidentified lady. This poem may have been followed by 'To the Lady Margaret Ley' (later Sonnet 10). Lady Margaret was the daughter of James Ley, the first earl of Marlborough, and the second wife of Captain John Hobson, who had fought on the side of parliament; the Hobsons lived near Milton on Aldersgate Street, and Milton was a regular visitor to their home during the years when he was separated from Mary.
In 1645 Milton decided to collect his youthful poems. The edition was published as Poems of Mr John Milton, both English and Latin; the edition is dated 1645, but may have been published on 2 January 1646, which is the date that George Thomason inscribed on his copy, which is now in the British Library. The English section was a miscellany consisting of early poems and translations, Milton's first ten sonnets (including the Italian sonnets), and Comus, which Milton had revised since its last publication. The Latin section (which included a few Greek poems) had a separate title-page, Joannis Miltoni Londoniensis poemata. Quorum pleraque intra annum aetatis vigesimum conscripsit('Poems by John Milton of London, most of which were Written before he was Twenty'); this section was paginated separately, and was divided into a book of poems in elegiac couplets (Elegiarum liber) and a collection of poems in various metres (Sylvarum liber). The publisher, Humphrey Moseley, commissioned a portrait of Miltonfrom the engraver William Marshall. The portrait is unflattering, and when Milton was shown it, he sought a cruel revenge by composing a few lines of Greek verse, which the hapless (and Greekless) Marshall engraved beneath the portrait; the verses invite the reader to laugh at the portrait, which Milton says is not a picture of him but of the incompetence of the engraver. It seems possible that the cruel humour of the God of Paradise Lost has its origins in the personality of his creator.
Milton felt that his Tetrachordon had been ignored, and lamented this injustice in 'A book was writ of late called Tetrachordon' (later Sonnet 11), the precise date of which is unknown: it seems to have been written too late for inclusion in the 1645 Poems, and its position in the Trinity manuscript may imply a date of composition in 1647. This sense of injured merit is extended to all four of Milton's divorce tracts in 'On the Detraction which Followed upon my Writing Certain Treatises' (later Sonnet 12); again the date of composition is uncertain, but the winter of 1645–6 is not unlikely, and so the numbering of sonnets 11 and 12 is normally reversed in modern editions. The sonnet in praise of the music of Henry Lawes ('To Mr Henry Lawes, on his Airs', later Sonnet 13) can be dated more precisely, because the first of the three drafts in the Trinity manuscript is dated 9 February '1645' (that is, 1646). In 1646 or early 1647 Miltonwrote a twenty-line poem 'On the new forcers of conscience under the Long Parliament', which concludes with the etymological epigram 'new Presbyter is but old Priest writ large'.
On 16 December 1646 Katharine Thomason, the wife of Milton's friend George Thomason, was buried in the south aisle of St Dunstan-in-the-West; shortly thereafter Milton wrote a sonnet in her memory (later Sonnet 14). A few weeks later, on 23 January 1647, he returned to Latin poetry with an ode to John Rouse, Bodley's librarian, to accompany a presentation copy of his 1645 Poems intended to replace a copy that had gone astray. In April 1648, on the eve of the second civil war, Milton translated psalms 80–88 from the Hebrew. His next poem is a direct reaction to one event in that war: General Lord Fairfax besieged Colchester on 14 June, and the town fell on 27 August; during the siege Milton wrote a sonnet in praise of Fairfax (later Sonnet 15). By the end of the year the Rump Parliament had decided to indict the king, which set England on a course that was to carry Milton into a public role as a writer and translator in the service of the English republic.
Public service and the three defences, 1649–1655
Between 15 and 29 January 1649, during the trial of Charles I, Milton wrote his Tenure of Kings and Magistrates, which argued on its title-page that 'it is lawful … for any who have the power, to call to account a Tyrant or wicked King and after due conviction, to depose, and put him to death'. Charles was executed on 30 January 1649, and a fortnight later, on 13 February, Milton's tract was published. At noon on 13 March the council of state decided to invite Milton to be secretary for foreign tongues. He was appointed two days later, on Thursday 15 March, at an annual salary of £288 13s. 6½d. Before he could take up his post on the following Tuesday, parliament abolished the House of Lords (17 March) and the monarchy (19 March), so Milton entered the service of a nascent republic. The post included accommodation in Whitehall, but as an interim measure Milton lodged next to the Bull-head tavern in Charing Cross, opening on to Spring Garden. In November Milton moved with his household into an apartment formerly occupied by Sir John Hippesley at the Scotland Yard end of Whitehall; when the art collection of Charles I was put on sale in nearby Somerset House, Milton was given a warrant (dated 18 June 1650) to choose some hangings from the royal collection 'for the furnishing of his lodging in Whitehall'.
In the first instance Milton's duties in the service of the council of state consisted for the most part in translating international correspondence into the Latin of diplomacy; this was a task which Milton discharged throughout his period as a civil servant, but he quickly assumed more important tasks alongside these routine duties. On 28 March the council ordered:
that Mr. Milton be appointed to make some observations upon the complication of interests which is now amongst the several designers against the peace of the Commonwealth; And that it be ready to be printed with the Papers out of Ireland which the House hath ordered to be printed.
Masson, 4.87
The Articles of Peace were published on 16 May, and Milton's Observations were printed as an appendix. From Milton's English perspective the native Irish were barbarians who massacred civilized English settlers and soldiers; the anachronistic condemnation of Milton's hostile attitude does not facilitate historical understanding, but it is undeniably the case that the consequences of such hostility were immediately felt in the massacres at Drogheda and Wexford, and still reverberate in Anglo-Irish politics.
On 9 February 1649, ten days after the execution of King Charles, Eikōn Basilikē had been published; the Greek title means ‘image of the king’. This book, which purported to have been written by the king (and was in fact written by his chaplain John Gauden), achieved an instant popularity, and within a year had been published in some fifty editions in various languages. The council of state was concerned that sympathy for the king could subvert the Commonwealth, and so commissioned an official reply. Initially John Selden had been asked to respond, but when he declined the council turned to Milton. In October Milton published his reply, which he entitled Eikonoklastēs; the literal meaning of the Greek title is ‘image-breaker’, but the term was meant to evoke the surname adopted by Greek emperors 'who in their zeal to the command of God, after long tradition of idolatry in the church, took courage and broke all superstitious images to pieces'. The regicide had alarmed continental Europe, and one of the first scholarly defences of Charles I, the Defensio regia pro Carolo I ('The royal defence of Charles I') written by the learned French protestant Claude de Saumaise (Claudius Salmasius), reached England in May 1649. On 8 January 1650 the council of state ordered Milton to prepare a reply to this damaging book, which threatened to delay the resumption of normal trade relations with the continent. Milton's reply, Joannis Miltonii Angli defensio pro populo Anglicano contra Claudii Anonymi, aliàs Salmasii, defensionem regiam ('The defence of John Milton, Englishman, on behalf of the people of England against the royal defence of Claudius the Anonymous, otherwise Salmasius') was not published until 24 February 1651; it is now known by the non-Miltonic title Defensio prima or First Defence. In the text Milton excuses his delay on grounds both of a lack of time to write and of insufficient health for the labour of writing; even now, he explains in his preface, his health is so poor and precarious that he has to take a break virtually every hour. Among the purchasers of this volume was the second earl of Bridgewater, who as a child had acted the part of the Elder Brother in Milton's Comus; he inscribed his copy (which is now in the Huntington Library) with the words (in Latin) 'this book is most deserving of burning, its author of the gallows'. This judgement, which was typical of English royalist reactions, was echoed in the chancellaries of Europe, and it was to the educated citizens of Europe (especially those of the United Provinces) that Milton addressed his defence of the regicide.
The first response to Milton's tract, Pro rege et populo Anglicano apologia, contra Johannis Polypragmatici (alias Miltoni Angli) defensionem destructivam regis et populi Anglicani ('An apology for the king and people of England against the defence, destructive of the king and people of England, by John the Multifarious, alias Milton the Englishman') was a plodding refutation in inept Latin (and subsequently in competent Dutch) published anonymously in Antwerp; it was popularly attributed to John Bramhall, but actually written by John Rowland. Milton decided, possibly for reasons of health, not to respond to this tract; the Responsio was instead written by his nephew John Phillips.
Milton had realized before Mary's return in 1645 that he was losing the sight in his left eye, and by 1648 the eye had ceased to function. Early in 1652 his right eye collapsed, and Milton became permanently blind; he never saw his son, John, who was born on 16 March 1651. In the following year, early in May 1652, Mary Milton died shortly after giving birth to their daughter Deborah, and Milton was left, alone and blind, to care for four young children; six weeks later, his only son, John, died. Later that year Milton was evicted from his Whitehall apartment, and on 17 December he moved with his three surviving children into a house in Petty France opening on to St James's Park; he stayed in this house until the Restoration.
In August 1652 an anonymous tract called Regii sanguinis clamor ad coelum adversus parricidas Anglicanos ('A cry to heaven of the king's blood against the English parricides') was published in The Hague. The Clamor contains a brutal personal attack on Milton in its opening pages, and concludes with a 245-line poem that renews the attack. The author of this work was almost certainly the Anglican divine Peter Du Moulin, who sent it to Salmasius in order that it could be published in the Netherlands; Salmasius passed the manuscript to Alexander More, a minister of the Reformed church. More (Latin Morus) contributed a preface to Du Moulin's treatise, and sent it to Adriaan Vlacq, who published it in The Hague. Milton mistakenly assumed that Morewas the author of the treatise, and although he was apprised of his error by John Durieand Samuel Hartlib, he stood by his mistake and flatly refused to be dissuaded. In May 1654 Milton replied to the Clamor with Joannis Miltonii Angli pro populo Anglicano defensio secunda, contra infamem libellum anonymum cui titulus ‘Regii sanguinis clamor ad coelum adversus parricidas Anglicanos’ ('The second defence of John Milton, Englishman, on behalf of the English people, against an infamous anonymous libel entitled A cry to heaven of the king's blood against the English parricides'). This tract, which is usually known as the Defensio secunda or the Second Defence, is for two important reasons less republican than its predecessor: first, Cromwell had assumed the quasi-regal title lord protector in December 1653, and so Milton praises him in terms that befit a monarch; second, the need to restore relations with Sweden leads Milton to formulate a paean of praise for Queen Kristina.
The Clamor had alleged that Milton had been expelled from Cambridge and had fled in shame to Italy. Milton decided to combat this calumny by defending himself and attacking More. Milton's self-defence is a long account of his youth in which he presents himself as the epitome of moral probity in Cambridge and as a courageous protestant champion in Italy. His attack on More centres on sexual indiscretions, particularly More's seduction of a servant in the household of Salmasius. Milton seizes on this violation of Christian morality and of the hospitality of his host to pummel More, constantly playing on More's name in Latin and Greek (in which it can mean ‘mulberry tree’ and ‘fool’), and proposing an analogy between an immoral sexual act and an immoral book; in this unnatural coupling of minister and servant, Miltonalleges, both sinners became pregnant: the servant gave birth to a bastard child and the minister of the gospel gave birth to an evil book, the Clamor.
In October 1654 the deeply wounded Alexander More hit back at Milton with Alexandri Mori ecclesiasticae et sacrarum litterarum professoris fides publica, contra calumnias Ioannis Miltoni ('The public faith of Alexander More, minister and professor of sacred literature, against the misrepresentations of John Milton'); in the following spring he published a Supplementum which consists for the most part of additional evidence. These two tracts are largely concerned with personal morality (Milton's is attacked, More's defended) and with Milton's doggedly mistaken insistence that More was the author of the Clamor. Milton replied in August 1655 with his third and final defence, Joannis Miltonii Angli pro se defensio contra Alexander Morum, ecclesiasten, libelli famosi, cui titulus, ‘Regii sanguinis clamor’ … authorem recte dictum ('The defence of himself of John Milton, Englishman, against the minister Alexander More, who is rightly said to be the author of a famous libel entitled Cry of the royal blood'), in which Milton defends his own morality, attacks More's, and defends his indefensible attribution of the Clamor to More.
Milton's public voice may have echoed around Europe during the 1650s, but most of the poems that he was writing remained unpublished until 1673. In August 1653 Milton had returned to the Psalms, producing verse translations of psalms 1–8. His other poetical works of the 1650s were all sonnets. The sonnet had hitherto been a form used primarily to express the love of a man for a woman or (in the case of John Donne) for God. Milton chose instead to use the sonnet as a vehicle for principled statements on public affairs. The earliest sonnet from this period is 'To the Lord General Cromwell'(later Sonnet 16), which Milton dated 'May 1652'. Two months later, on 3 July, he composed a sonnet (later Sonnet 17) to Sir Henry Vane the younger and sent it to him. The next five sonnets seem to have been composed in 1655. The powerful 'On the late massacre in Piedmont' (later Sonnet 18), which articulates Milton's horror at the barbarous massacre of some 1700 Vaudois in April 1655, was probably composed two months later, in the last week of June. The date of 'On his Blindness' ( Sonnet 19), a title first used in 1752, is unknown; several strands of evidence point to the second half of 1655, but it could have been written as early as 1651, when Milton was enduring the final stages of encroaching blindness. The sonnet 'Lawrence of virtuous father' (laterSonnet 20) was probably composed late in 1655, as were the two sonnets addressed to Cyriack Skinner (later sonnets 21 and 22).
On 12 November 1656 Milton married Katherine Woodcock (bap. 1628, d. 1658) and in the following October Katherine gave birth to a daughter, who was named after her mother. Four months later Katherine died, and a month later their infant daughter was buried beside her. If, as seems likely but not certain, Milton's wife Katherine is the subject of 'Methought I Saw my Late Espoused Saint' (later Sonnet 23), Milton must have composed the poem in the wake of her death on 3 February 1658. Shortly thereafter he began to dictate Paradise Lost, though he regularly interrupted his work on the epic to attend to ecclesiastical and political issues in a final flurry of political tracts, the last of which appeared on the eve of the Restoration.
Prose, 1659–1660
One of the debates that had persisted throughout the Commonwealth and protectorate republic concerned Erastianism. In 1659 Thomas Erastus's Explicatio gravissimae quaestionis (1589) appeared in English translation as The Nullity of Church Censures, so giving a wide audience to Erastus's view that in a state with one religion, the jurisdiction of the state should extend to ecclesiastical as well as civil matters. Miltonwas resolutely opposed to Erastianism, and in February 1659 published A treatise of civil power in ecclesiastical causes, showing that it is not lawful for any power on earth to compel in matters of religion. Once again the tract is addressed to parliament, this time to the parliament of Richard Cromwell, which had been convened on 27 January. Milton'sshort book is a polemic directed 'against Erastus and state-tyranny over the church'.
The argument about Erastian principles was closely related to the argument about tithes, which were compulsory ecclesiastical taxes levied by local churches. Radical Independents opposed tithes on theological grounds (they were said to have emerged from the law of the Old Testament rather than the new dispensation heralded by Jesus), but also because tithes were used to support either the state church from which they wished to dissociate themselves or the secular impropriators into whose families had passed the rectorial tithes that had formerly gone to the monasteries. Milton set out his position on tithes in Considerations touching the likeliest means to remove hirelings out of the church, wherein is also discoursed of tithes, church-fees, church revenues, and whether any maintenance of ministers can be settled by law, which was published in August 1659. This tract is again addressed to parliament, but to a different parliament: Richard Cromwell had abdicated on 25 May, and the Rump Parliament had re-established the Commonwealth. In this tract Milton praises the Rump as 'the best patrons of religious and civil liberty that ever these islands brought forth', and asks them to deliver England 'from the oppressions of a simonious decimating clergy'. The phrase recalls Milton's denunciation of the 'blind mouths' of the greedy clergy in 'Lycidas'.
On 13 October 1659 General John Lambert dissolved the Rump Parliament, and on 29 October Milton expressed his dismay about this coup d'état in A Letter to a Friend, Concerning the Ruptures of the Commonwealth. The identity of the friend is not known, but it is clearly a senior political figure, perhaps the dying John Bradshaw, who may have been related to Milton and who bequeathed £10 to Milton when he died a few weeks later. In this letter, first published by John Toland in 1698, Milton explains to his influential friend that he deplores the 'backsliding' action of the army in deposing the parliament that they had recently restored, and waxes indignant that a state army could 'subdue the supreme power that set them up'. In Milton's view, the civil power, be it parliament or council of state, must always be the supreme power.
In the first fortnight of November 1659 Milton dictated Proposals of certain expedients for the preventing of a civil war now feared, and the settling of a firm government, a short tract not published until 1938; the surviving text seems to be a draft or a briefing document rather than a completed work. The tone of the pamphlet is much less combative than that of A Letter to a Friend; parliament is defended, but the army is not attacked. Miltonproposes that England be governed by a 'Grand or Supreme Council' in which members 'sit indissolubly' for the rest of their lives; he rejects the term ‘parliament’ for this body on the grounds that it is a 'Norman or French word, a monument of our ancient servitude'.
From 18 to 21 February 1660, when the Commonwealth was on the verge of collapse, Milton dictated a passionate pamphlet entitled The ready and easy way to establishing a free commonwealth, and the excellence thereof compared with the inconveniences and dangers of re-admitting kingship in this nation, which was published before the end of the month. In the face of a Restoration that looked increasingly inevitable, Miltonchose defiantly to set the bondage of monarchy against the freedom of a Christian commonwealth ruled by a grand council. This council would be both permanent and self-perpetuating; Milton was not an instinctive democrat, and did not think that popular elections were an appropriate mechanism for filling vacancies in the council.
Early in March Milton dictated The present means and brief delineation of a free commonwealth, easy to be put in practice, and without delay, the manuscript of which has disappeared; when John Toland published it in 1698 he added the words In a Letter to General Monck, a reasonable inference from the content of what seems to be the draft of a letter. The formal title, more likely to be Milton's than Toland's, implies that Miltonhad intended to write a pamphlet in the form of an open letter rather than a private letter to George Monck. The letter summarizes the proposals of The Ready and Easy Way, but with two important differences: the authority of the grand council would be limited so that it would not have the 'power to endanger our liberty', and the establishment of the council should be implemented even if there were opposition, if necessary by military force.
Milton soon set to work on the second edition of The Ready and Easy Way, revised at the end of March to accommodate the headlong rush of political change in the last days of the English republic; the tract was published in the first week of April, a month before the restoration of Charles II was proclaimed on 8 May. Milton's eloquent defence of the nobility of republican values and his horrific vision of the degeneracy and servitude that would follow in the wake of a restored monarchy make this pamphlet England's greatest monument to a lost political cause. The government that he proposes is not a direct democracy: Milton opposes 'committing all to the noise and shouting of a rude multitude', a phrase that anticipates the contempt of the Jesus of Paradise Regained for the 'miscellaneous rabble'. Instead he envisages an aristocracy of godly men, an ideal that recalls the assumption in Comus and Of Education that rulers should be an aristocracy of virtue. This argument leads Milton to the conclusion that the enlightened minority should be able to impose liberty on the ignorant majority, if necessary by force.
On 25 March Matthew Griffith, a former chaplain of Charles I, preached a royalist sermon which he published at the beginning of April as The Fear of God and the King. Milton replied, probably in the second week of April, with Brief Notes upon a Late Sermon—his last publication before the Restoration cut off his access to the medium of print. Milton expresses his satisfaction that the council of state had been quick to incarcerate Griffith, and goes on to denounce him for advocating episcopacy and for dedicating the sermon to Monck. Milton concludes that if England is about to submit to the thraldom of monarchy, it should at least choose its own monarch: Milton thought that Monckwould be a better choice than Charles Stuart. Milton's last republican tract thus advocated the second-best choice of an elected monarch. Milton was not a constitutional theorist, but it is in these tracts written in the final years of the interregnum that he articulates a shifting compromise in which he adapts the republican values that he had celebrated for more than a decade to an unstable and uncertain political situation.
One of Milton's private projects during his years as a servant of the Commonwealth and protectorate was the composition of a systematic theology. This ordonnance began as a compilation of theological writings in the 1640s, and was successively described as a 'System of Divinity', a 'Body of Divinity', and 'Idea Theologiae'. The preparation of this treatise was broken off by the Restoration; it survives as a working document, frozen in time by the cataclysm of the Restoration. How far the raw materials of the treatise have been assimilated into Milton's own thinking is unclear, and the arrangement of some chapters may not reflect Milton's final judgement. There was an abortive attempt to publish the treatise in the Netherlands shortly after Milton's death, but the manuscript was impounded by the English government, together with a collection of Milton's state papers, and was locked in a cupboard in Whitehall and forgotten until rediscovered in November 1823. By that time (or possibly at that time) the manuscript had acquired the Augustinian title De doctrina Christiana, and it was published in Latin and in English translation in 1825.
Milton's theology evolved throughout his adult life, and De doctrina and Paradise Lostrepresent his thinking in the 1650s and 1660s. Many of his theological ideas would have been regarded as unsound or even heretical by his contemporaries. He rejected the doctrine of the Trinity in favour of a modified Arianism, insisted on the materiality of angels and denied that the world had been created out of nothing; his understanding of divine grace and of soteriology aligned him with the Arminians rather than the Calvinists, and so the Adam and Eve of Paradise Lost exercise free choice.
The Restoration years, 1660–1674
The restoration of Charles II was proclaimed on 8 May 1660, and Milton went into hiding at the house of an unidentified friend in Bartholomew Close (West Smithfield). On 16 June an order for Milton's arrest was issued, and on 13 August a proclamation ordering books by Milton to be called in for burning was published; on 27 August copies of his books were duly burnt by the public executioner at the Old Bailey. Milton's life hung in the balance until 29 August, when the Act of Free and General Pardon, Indemnity and Oblivion was given the royal assent; Milton was not named as an exception to the general pardon, so he escaped the death penalty, while none the less remaining liable to arrest and assassination. Milton emerged from hiding and took a house in Holborn (in the parish of St Giles-in-the-Fields), where he lived until the autumn, when he was arrested and imprisoned in the Tower. On 15 December he was ordered to be released from the Tower and to pay the cost of his imprisonment, which was set at £150. Milton had been pardoned, but no copy of the pardon has survived (even though two copies survived long enough to be entered into indexes in the Public Record Office), so the precise reason for his release is not known. One effect of the Restoration had been the collapse of the Excise Office, which took with it Milton'ssavings of £2000. He emerged from prison in financial difficulty, and promptly protested against what he saw as the excessive fee for his imprisonment. On 17 December Andrew Marvell raised the matter in parliament, which referred it to the committee of privileges; the eventual outcome is not known. On his release from prison Milton moved to a house on Jewin Street, where he lived until about 1669.
On 24 February 1663 Milton married for the third time. He was fifty-four and his red-haired bride, Elizabeth Minshull (1638–1727), was twenty-four; she outlived her husband by more than half a century. By this stage Milton seems to have been estranged from his daughters: on being informed of her father's impending wedding, Mary replied (according to Milton's servant) 'that it was no news, to hear of his wedding, but, if she could hear of his death, that was something' (Masson, 4.476). The visitation of plague in 1665 was unusually virulent, and in July the Miltons moved to a cottage in Chalfont St Giles, a Quaker village in Buckinghamshire. The cottage belonged to Anne Fleetwood, daughter of the regicide George Fleetwood, and had been rented on Milton's behalf by the Quaker Thomas Ellwood; the cottage is the only residence of Milton still standing, and is now a museum. Milton returned to London when the plague had abated, probably in February 1666. On 2 September 1666 the conflagration later known as the great fire of London began to spread through the city, and three days later two-thirds of London had been consumed. Milton's home in Jewin Street was just north of the city wall, but in the event the fire was successfully contained on its northern flank by the wall and the ditch. Milton's house was safe, but most of his London had disappeared, including his childhood home on Bread Street, his school, and St Paul's Cathedral. In 1670 Milton lodged for a time in Duck Lane, Little Britain. The reason for this temporary accommodation is not known, but it may have been occasioned by the move from Jewin Street to Milton's last home, in Artillery Walk (now Bunhill Row).
The Restoration interrupted Milton's composition of Paradise Lost, which assumed its final form in the years 1658–63. The remote beginnings of his epic can be seen in four drafts of a tragedy called 'Paradise Lost' (in the third draft) or 'Adam Unparadised' (in the fourth draft) which survive in the Trinity manuscript; these drafts seem to have been written about 1640. Edward Phillips claimed that he had been shown part of Satan's first soliloquy (Paradise Lost, book 5, ll. 32–41) 'several years before the poem was begun', when Milton still intended it to be a tragedy rather than an epic. The difficulties of composing such a long and complex work were exacerbated by Milton'sdifficult personal circumstances and by his blindness. He seems to have composed during the winter months, usually at night or in the early morning; when an amanuensis arrived he would dictate the lines that he had composed (usually about forty), and then 'reduce them to half the number'. Edward Phillips would then correct the spelling and punctuation of 'ten, twenty or thirty verses at a time'. Composition of the poem was inevitably interrupted by Milton's months in hiding and in prison, and when he eventually resumed his dictation, his world had changed irrevocably; at the beginning of book 7 the narrator's voice acknowledges that:
More safe I sing with mortal voice, unchangedTo hoarse or mute, though fallen on evil days,On evil days though fallen, and evil tongues;In darkness, and with dangers compassed round,And solitude.
This is the voice of a blind poet whose life was in danger after the calamity of the Restoration. Milton had aspired in the opening invocation of the poem 'to justify the ways of God to men', and the collapse of the godly republic had certainly left God's ways in need of justification. Milton's view was that the Commonwealth had failed not because God had caused it to fail, but rather because the frailty of humankind can be successfully exploited by the forces of evil. The Satan whom Milton created in Paradise Lost is not a king in exile who conquers Eden by force, but rather a traitor who speaks the language of radical republicanism in order to advance his own interests; in this respect Paradise Lost reflects Milton's contention that the reign of the godly was betrayed from within. Despite this reflection of the time of crisis during which the poem was composed, Paradise Lost is neither a political allegory nor a roman-à-clef; it is rather an epic which aspires to achieve in English what Homer, Virgil, and Dante had achieved in their languages, and its avowed purpose is theological rather than political. He aspired in his epic, as he had many years earlier in Of Education, 'to repair the ruins of our first parents by regaining to know God aright'. He saw himself as a latter-day prophet chosen by God to explain the divine ways to those who would know God aright, and he hoped that Paradise Lost would 'fit audience find, though few' (book 7, line 31); the godly survivors of the republic had the requisite fitness, and it is to them that Milton addressed his poem. The godly government of the interregnum had been displaced by the profligate court of Charles II, and for those who had laboured for the good old cause, God's ways stood in need of justification.
Paradise Lost is an epic which accommodates within that genre several other genres: the account of Sin and Death is an allegory, the description of Eden is pastoral, the gardening labours of Adam and Eve are georgic and, most important of all, the fall of Adam and Eve is presented as a tragedy. Milton describes the fall in book 9, at the outset of which he declares that he 'now must change / Those notes to tragic', so signalling that he proposes to transform the crime and punishment narrative of the biblical account of the fall into a tragedy. It is this shift of genre that has necessitated the endowment of Adam and Eve with dramatic characters and with motives for their actions. The sympathetic presentation of these motives, together with the detailed account of the role of Satan in the fall of Eve, constitutes a plea in mitigation for the fall. Milton's version of the fall is thus an affirmation of the dignity of humankind, a sentiment rooted in the Renaissance rather than the Reformation and one which, on a political level, explains to God the human failings that led to the fall of the godly republic. In this respect, Milton was attempting to justify the ways of men to God.
The focus of Paradise Lost is the fall of Adam and Eve, but the action is also played out on a cosmic stage in which the principal characters are God, the Son, and Satan. Milton's seventeenth-century God is much more anthropomorphic than his twenty-first century descendant in which Milton's readers believe or disbelieve. The God of Paradise Lost can be ill-tempered and irrational, and to a modern reader can seem shockingly immodest in his insistence that the purpose of creation is to praise him. Milton's Son is also rooted in the century in which he was conceived. He does not have a pre-incarnate name, and is simply called the Son: in Paradise Regained Milton was to deploy his earthly name of Jesus, but he never used the term Christ to denote his character; indeed, he eschewed the term in all poems after 1646, when he used it in 'On the new forcers of conscience'. Milton's Son, like his New Testament original, 'came not to send peace, but a sword' and in Paradise Lost, he is, like the angels, primarily a warrior. The accounts of the war in heaven in book 6 and of the creation in book 7 both culminate in a celebration of the Son, whose achievements occlude the work of God the Father. In Puritan soteriology it was the Son rather than the Father who effected salvation, and so the Son is the central figure in the puritan godhead.
In the minds of many of its readers, the most important character in Paradise Lost is Milton's Satan, who dominates the first two books of the poem and in a magnificent soliloquy at the beginning of book 4 tries to establish himself as a tragic figure. Seventeenth-century readers shared with Milton an unshakeable conviction of the total and irredeemable depravity of Satan and so regarded him as a falsely heroic figure, but in succeeding centuries, as Enlightenment ideas eroded Christian belief, Satan gradually came to be seen as the truly heroic figure at the imaginative heart of the poem. In the nineteenth century Romantic Satanism spread through Germany as far as Russia, and in the twentieth century Milton was often said to have had an unconscious sympathy with the Satan of Paradise Lost.
Paradise Lost was finally completed by 1663, but Milton's reputation as a champion of the republic meant that he could not publish the poem immediately. The politically opportune moment for the publication of Paradise Lost finally arose in the spring of 1667. On 27 April Milton sealed a contract (now in the British Library) with the printer Samuel Simmons; Milton received £5 immediately, with the promise of another £5when the first edition of 1300 copies had been sold; the second and third editions, neither of which would exceed 1500 copies, would each generate an additional £5. Had the poem proved to be particularly popular, Milton stood to make £20. The first edition was exhausted in the spring of 1669, and on 26 April Simmons paid Milton another £5; the price seems to have been 3s. a copy, and so Simmons would have received £195. Milton died shortly after the second edition was published, and so he received only £10for Paradise Lost; after his death his widow sold the rights to the poem to Simmons for £8. The sums involved are modest but quite normal, and certainly no more derisory than the royalties paid by publishers in succeeding centuries.
Milton's epic was registered as 'Paradise Lost: a Poem in Ten Books' on 20 August 1667, and was published late in October or early in November. Sir John Denham is said (by Jonathan Richardson the elder) to have come into the House of Commons (which had reconvened on 10 October) carrying a sheet of Paradise Lost 'wet from the press' and proclaiming it 'part of the noblest poem that ever was wrote in any language or any age' (Masson, 6.628); by mid-November the poem was the subject of correspondence between John Beale and John Evelyn. The poem did not sell particularly quickly: between 1667 and 1669 six successive title-pages, each for a different issue, were required to sell the first edition of 1300 copies. The first three editions of Paradise Lostsold in modest numbers, but the fourth edition, a sumptuous gilt-edged folio published in 1688, was bought by subscription by many of the most influential readers in England, and thereafter the poem came to be widely regarded as England's national epic.
Paradise Regained and Samson Agonistes
In August 1665 Milton had shown the unpublished manuscript of Paradise Lost to Thomas Ellwood, who read it and told Milton that 'thou hast said much here of Paradise Lost, but what hast thou to say of Paradise Found?' (Masson, 6.496). In the following year Ellwood visited Milton in London, and Milton showed him the manuscript of Paradise Regained, graciously telling Ellwood that 'this is owing to you; for you put it into my head by the question you put to me at Chalfont' (ibid., 6.654). It is possible that Paradise Regained, which depicts the temptations of Jesus in the desert, owes its pacific tone to the influence of the values of the Quaker community at Chalfont St Giles. The Jesus of Paradise Regained is not a warrior like the Son in book 6 of Paradise Lost, but rather a man who outwits his opponent. Milton's fictional Jesus is not, however, a sentimentalized figure: he denounces ordinary citizens as 'a herd confused, a miscellaneous rabble', so reflecting Milton's disdain for popular democracy, and he denounces the cultural accomplishments of ancient Greece, so reflecting the opinion of Milton in his late years that worldly learning was a vain pursuit; in taking this position he approaches the radical view that education, like riches, constituted an impediment to salvation.
In the autumn of 1671 Milton published Paradise Regained, a Poem in IV Books, to which is Added Samson Agonistes. The date of Paradise Regained can be ascertained by the testimony of Thomas Ellwood, but there can be no certainty about the date of Samson Agonistes. Topical references and stylistic markers show that Samson is substantially a post-Restoration work, though scholars debate whether it was written immediately after the Restoration or shortly before publication; on the other hand, echoes of the divorce tracts of the 1640s make an early stage of composition distinctly possible. It is difficult to gainsay the authoritative opinion of Edward Phillips, who noted that its date of composition 'cannot certainly be concluded'; as Henry Todd pointed out in his edition of 1801, Samson Agonistes 'furnishes some internal proofs of its having been composed at different periods'.
Samson Agonistes is a closet drama intended to be read rather than performed; it is therefore a literary rather than a dramatic work, and so claimed affinity with the plays of classical antiquity, which in seventeenth-century England were read rather than performed. The structure of the play is modelled on that of ancient Greek drama, but the characterization of Samson is resolutely modern. Like Racine, who was at the height of his powers when Milton published Samson Agonistes, Milton created a protagonist who was much more self-conscious than were the dramatic characters of antiquity; in this respect Milton's Samson has more in common with Hamlet than with Oedipus. Indeed, Samson is in some respects a Restoration nonconformist struggling to discern a pattern of divine intervention in his life. God is absent from Samson Agonistes, as he is in similar works such as Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress: for late seventeenth-century nonconformists, spiritual growth was not assisted by any vision of God. Samson's massacre of the Philistines at the end of the play also has a contemporary agenda: in Milton's version of the massacre it is only the Philistian lords that are killed, because 'the vulgar only scaped who stood without'. In Milton's view, retribution should be directed at political leaders rather than at those whom they lead.
In 1669 Milton published his Accidence commenced grammar, supplied with sufficient rules for the use of such (younger or elder) as are desirous without more trouble than need to attain the Latin tongue, the elder sort especially, with little teaching and their own industry; it is not clear when Milton had written this primer of Latin accidence (that is, the variable forms of words) and grammar, but it is possible that it was a product of his years as a teacher in the 1640s.
In 1671 Milton published his History of Britain. The first four books had been drafted in February and March 1649, and the last two books seem to have been written in the mid-1650s, possibly in 1655. The most problematical element in the History is the digression, a passage in book 3 which was omitted from all editions until 1738, but published separately in 1681 as Character of the Long Parliament; this comparison of the ancient Britons at the time of the Roman withdrawal with the English in Milton's own time was probably written in 1648, but a case for composition in 1660 has been advanced.
In May 1672 Milton published his Joannis Milton Angli artis logicae plenior institutio ad Petri Rami methodum concinnata, adjucta est praxis analytica & Petri Rami vita ('A fuller course in the art of logic, arranged according to the method of Pierre de la Ramée; an analytical exercise and a life of La Ramée are appended'). The Ars logicae is a derivative Ramist treatise on logic drawn for the most part from a Latin commentary on Petrus Ramus by George Downham, as is the analytical exercise; the biography is a condensed version of the life of Ramus by Johann Freige. In the following year Milton published a revised edition of his minor poems and his first polemical tract since the Restoration, Of true religion, heresy, schism, toleration and what best means may be used against the growth of popery, which appeared early in May 1673. Charles II had promulgated the declaration of indulgence (which had suspended the penalties for Catholicism and nonconformity) in March 1672, but had been forced to rescind it in March 1673. Milton's tract is tolerant of the sectarians, who 'may have some errors, but are not heretics', but mounts a coruscating attack on Roman Catholicism, which he denounces as politically dangerous and theologically idolatrous.
In 1674 Milton published a volume containing a collection of thirty-one private letters (Epistolae familiares) and the Latin prolusions that he had delivered while a student in Cambridge. He had also saved many of his state papers, most of which were his translations into Latin of letters from the English government to the chancellaries of Europe, but these were not published until after his death. The first edition, Literae pseudo-senatûs Anglicani Cromwellii reliquorumque perduellium nomine ac jussu conscriptae a Joanne Miltono ('Letters written by John Milton in the name and by the order of the so-called English parliament of Cromwell and other traitors'), was printed by two different printers (in Amsterdam and Brussels) in October 1676; a preface carefully distances the edition from the politics of the reviled interregnum government by insisting disingenuously that the sole interest of the letters lies in their exemplary Latin style.
Milton's final political work was a translation of the Latin version of A Declaration, or, Letters Patent, a Polish tract advocating an elective monarchy; this pamphlet was a contribution to the Exclusion debate, in that it contests the Catholic succession, but its advocacy of a form of monarchy also implies that Milton may not have espoused unequivocally the republicanism with which he came to be associated after his death.
Milton's final publication, early in July 1674, was the second edition of Paradise Lost, which he had reorganized into twelve books, so making explicit the parallel with the epics of classical antiquity; this edition also contained two prefatory poems, one in Latin by ‘S. B.’ (probably Milton's physician friend Samuel Barrow) and one in English by Andrew Marvell. A few weeks after the publication of this edition, Milton prepared a nuncupative (that is, orally declared) will with the help of his brother Christopher. In his will Milton chose to recall with smouldering resentment that his first father-in-law, Richard Powell, had never paid the dowry of £1000 that was due to Milton on his marriage to Mary Powell. According to Christopher's testimony on 23 November, the will stated that 'the portion due to me from Mr Powell, my former wife's father, I leave to the unkind children I had by her, having received no part of it'. This worthless legacy of an unpaid dowry testifies to the bitterness of Milton's estrangement from his daughters; he left everything to Elizabeth, 'my loving wife'. Milton died, probably of renal failure associated with gout, on the night of 9–10 November 1674, at his home in Artillery Walk, and was buried beside his father near the altar in St Giles Cripplegate on 12 November.
Posthumous reputation
After his death Milton became associated with the whig cause. His enthusiastic praise of Queen Kristina was forgotten, as was his insistence in the Defensio secunda that he had written not against kings, but only against tyrants; instead, Milton came to be regarded as an unambiguous republican. Milton's republican ideas and ideals were eventually taken up in France and America. An anonymous pamphlet called Théorie de la royauté, d'après la doctrine de Milton (Paris, 1789) appropriated Milton to the revolutionary cause in France, and in 1792 Jacobin regicides reissued the French translation of Milton's Defensio prima. In the United States, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, and John Adams drew on their wide reading in Milton's poetry and prose to articulate their republicanism: Franklin evoked the Chaos of Paradise Lost in his diatribe against British taxes in America, Jefferson deployed the arguments of Milton's anti-prelatical tracts to support the case for ecclesiastical disestablishment in Virginia, and Adams excoriated British rulers as embodiments of the arrogance and futile rebellion of Milton's Satan. Milton may rightly be regarded as one of the founding fathers of American and French republicanism, but in England he had no political progeny; English republicanism died on the scaffold with Algernon Sidney, and has never been successfully revived.
The 1695 edition of Paradise Lost included learned annotations by ‘P. H.’ (probably Patrick Hume), and so Milton's epic became the first English poem to be edited as if it were a classical text. Thereafter the poem attracted serious critical attention. In 1712 Joseph Addison published a series of 'Notes' on Paradise Lost in The Spectator, and these notes were soon translated into French (1727), German (1740), and Italian (1742). In 1732 Richard Bentley published an emended edition of Paradise Lost in which he ‘corrected’ hundreds of imagined errors in what he thought was a corrupt text; Bentley's misconceived erudition was soon discredited by scholars and mocked by satirists (including Pope, who included him in his Dunciad), but his edition and the analyses of his detractors demonstrate the care with which educated eighteenth-century readers attended to the text of Milton's poem. Later in the century Samuel Johnson included an insightful and opinionated critical biography of Milton in his Lives of the Poets (1779–81).
Paradise Lost was written in blank verse, but in the late seventeenth century portions of the poem were twice published in rhymed versions: John Dryden secured the permission of Milton to 'tag' (that is, rhyme) Paradise Lost for his operatic adaptation, The State of Innocence and Fall of Man (1677), and John Hopkins gallantly tried to offer assistance to ladies who found the poem too difficult by publishing a rhymed paraphrase of books 4 and 9 (1699). During this period translations into German (1682) and Latin (1686) rendered the poem accessible to European audiences.
In the eighteenth century Milton's epic was responsible for the shift from rhyme to blank verse, and also for many features of poetic diction and syntax. The style of Paradise Lost was imitated by classical translators such as Alexander Pope and Joseph Trapp and by poets such as Sir Richard Blackmore, John Dennis, Matthew Smith, and William Thompson; it was also parodied, most notably by John Philips (The Splendid Shilling, 1701) and John Gay (Wine, 1709). The taste for the picturesque that became an important factor in the gardens, paintings, and nature poetry of the eighteenth century took as its starting point Milton's Eden, a 'happy rural seat of various view'. What was perceived as the awesome seriousness of Paradise Lost became the corner-stone of the sublime, a concept so all-pervasive that Mary Wollstonecraft could complain in 1787 that she was 'sick of hearing of the sublimity of Milton'; this was not a complaint about Milton, but rather a protest about the invoking of the sublime as a substitute for a proper critical understanding of Milton's poetry. The process of translation continued apace throughout the eighteenth century, including versions of Paradise Lost in Dutch (1728), French (1729), Italian (1729), Greek (1735), Russian (1777), Norwegian (1787), Portuguese (1791), Polish (1791), Hungarian (1796), and Manx (1796).
The appropriation of Milton by the Romantic poets included both critical comment—Shelley and Blake championed Milton's Satan—and creative imitation, most notably The Prelude, in which Wordsworth aspires to establish himself as the successor to Milton. Blake illustrated all of Milton's major poems (except Samson Agonistes) and wrote two Miltonic poems, The Four Zoas (a rewriting of Paradise Lost) and Milton, a Poem in Two Books. The political Milton was also taken up as an early radical: as Wordsworth ringingly proclaims in 'London, 1802':
Milton! thou should'st be living at this hour:England hath need of thee.
In the course of the nineteenth century this idolatry led to Milton's enthronement as the national poet; the greatest monument to the national reverence for Milton was David Masson's vast seven-volume biography of Milton. At the same time the tide of faith in Milton's anthropomorphic God and his historical Adam and Eve was beginning to retreat, and the study of Milton seemed to some to be an exhausted endeavour; Sir Walter Raleigh memorably formulated this position when he conceded that 'Paradise Lost is a monument to dead ideas' (W. Raleigh, Milton, 1922, 88). Throughout the century new translations of Milton's poems continued to be published, including versions of Paradise Lost in Czech (1811), Spanish (1812), Swedish (1815), Icelandic (1818), Armenian (1819), Welsh (1819), Hebrew (1871), and Tongan (1892).
In the early twentieth century Milton fell 'on evil days and evil tongues' in his native England. The bitterest of those tongues was that of F. R. Leavis, who complacently announced in 1933 that 'Milton's dislodgement, in the past decade, after two centuries of predominance, was effected with remarkably little fuss'. This dislodgement, which Leavis attributed to the strictures of T. S. Eliot and J. Middleton Murry, proved to be an illusion beyond the narrow confines of the Cambridge of Leavis's day, though the popular idea of Milton as a grim misogynist has persisted; the most influential embodiment of this image is Robert Graves's Wife to Mr Milton (1943).
In the early twenty-first century Milton continues to be widely read. Schoolchildren in many countries still study Milton's poems (especially the sonnet on his blindness), Paradise Lost is studied in universities, and there is a substantial scholarly industry devoted to the study of Milton's works. There are large Milton societies in America and in Japan, and the learned presses continue to issue huge numbers of books and articles on Milton; there are even two journals wholly given over to Milton, Milton Quarterly and Milton Studies. For literary scholars and educated general readers alike, the poetry of Milton retains a central place in the canon of English literature. Paradise Lost is widely and rightly regarded as the supreme poetic achievement in the English language, fit to sit alongside the poems of Homer, Virgil, and Dante. In America, where Christianity is still a vital force, Paradise Lost is valued as the supreme epic of Christendom. In post-Christian Europe and in secular American circles, Paradise Lost has become a cultural battlefield for feminists and Freudians, cultural materialists and new historicists. These ephemeral ideologies have replaced earlier concerns with humanistic values and Christian ideas, and will in turn be supplanted by new critical fashions, but Paradise Lost will retain its importance as one of the greatest works of the human imagination.
Gordon Campbell DNB.
John Hoskins,[known as John Hoskins the elder, Old Hoskins] (c. 1590–1665), miniature painter, was born perhaps in Wells, Somerset, the son of a John Hoskins of whom almost nothing is known except that he died, presumably a debtor, in the Fleet prison in London, from where he was buried on 3 May 1610. The circumstances and main events of the personal life of the miniaturist are still largely obscure but he is thought to have had relatives both in Wells and among a network of Hoskinses and Coopers in Surrey. From among the latter his sister Barbara, who must have been close in age to her brother, found her husband, Richard Cooper, whom she married on 1 September 1607 at the church of St Nicholas Cole Abbey, near Blackfriars, the same year that her father was first recorded as being in the Fleet. Barbara was the mother of Samuel Cooper and Alexander Cooper, the miniaturists, but she and her husband either died early or otherwise relinquished responsibility for the boys, who were brought up by their uncle John Hoskins.
The lack of records suggests that the males, at least, of the Hoskins family married outside London. John Hoskins himself seems to have married twice, for his son, also John [see below] and also a miniaturist, was born about 1617 to a wife of whom nothing is known. His putative second wife, Sarah, certainly gave birth to a daughter, Christiana, on 24 January 1654. Indirect evidence suggests that the family continued to live in Blackfriars, a district outside the jurisdiction of the Painter–Stainers' Companyand therefore much favoured by immigrant artists such as Van Dyck. From at least 1634, however, Hoskins lived and worked as a miniaturist in Bedford Street, Covent Garden, and was granted by the king on 30 April 1640 an annuity of £200 for life, 'provided that he work not for any other without his Majesty's licence'. After the first instalment, in the changed political and economic circumstances of the 1640s, the annuity was not paid. Hoskins made his will on 30 December 1662. He died on 22 February 1665, said to be sick and impoverished, and was buried the same day at St Pauls, Covent Garden. His widow, Sarah, 'an almswoman', was buried there on 19 February 1669. According to Buckeridge's additions to de Piles, Hoskins was 'bred a Face-Painter in Oil, but afterwards taking to Miniature he far exceeded what he did before' (de Piles, 437). Documented paintings by Hoskins on loan to Norwich Castle Museum (Moore and Crawley 84–7, nos. 18–19, reproduced pl. 55–6), of Sir Hamon Le Strange (c.1583–1654) and his wife, Alice (d. 1656), are still in the possession of the family. The household accounts of Sir Hamon, now in the Norfolk Record Office, record payments:
June 1st 1617 to Mr Hoskins in part of £4, for drawing of 2 pictures £2–4–0. Sepr 8. To Hoskins in full payment of £4 for drawing of 2 pictures £1–16–0. For a case and a cord for 2 pictures 1s/7d. Oct 10th. For bringing the 2 pictures from London to Limm 1/9.
Singh, 1.316–7
On the evidence of these certain works Hoskins would have been influenced by William Larkin, whose formulae for the arrangement and representation of his sitters, as well as handling of the paint, Hoskins at this time evidently followed.
Hoskins's earliest miniatures, of which there are examples in the Victoria and Albert Museum, London, date from c.1615 and reinforce the sense of an early relationship with Larkin. He was clearly by that date already a fully competent exponent of the technical mystery of the miniaturist, which he probably learned directly from Nicholas Hilliard. Certainly the Unknown Woman of c.1615 (V&A) is very close to Hilliard in technique, and the use of Hilliard's trade secrets—for example, a way of simulating jewels by building up molten resins on a bed of burnished silver—was still evident in another Unknown Woman of the early 1620s (also V&A). There is internal evidence that he may after 1620 have been the part-author of one of the manuscript handbooks on the techniques of painting in both oil and miniature, the so-called Gyles manuscript (BL, MS Harley 6376), a recension of the well-known technical treatise by Nicholas Hilliard, adapted by Edward Norgate (Murrell, 59–62; Norgate, ed. Muller and Murrell, 239). The author of this part of the manuscript gives first-hand testimony of the studio practice of Nicholas Hilliard and of a painter in oils described as 'my Master Mr Martins the elder', probably Daniel Mytens (c.1590–1647), who arrived in England about 1618. Possibly Hoskins studied also under this brilliant exponent of the new baroque court portraiture. Later he certainly copied a Mytens portrait of Charles I in several miniature versions (for example, those at Madresfield Court, Worcestershire; the Pierpont Morgan Library, New York; and the V&A). By this time Hoskins's activity must have been predominantly in miniature.
The best way of learning to draw well is to be taught by a good Artist that is able to direct you and shew you where you ere … for you are not able to see your owne faults at the first. Yea many a time a stander by may spy a fault in the worke of a good workeman. Be not out of hope although your draught comes far short of your patterne at the first, For daily practise with a Continued resolution and intention of the minde … And once in fower or five years time you may be a good draughtsman.
Norgate, ed. Muller and Murrell
In his treatise Norgate called Hoskins one of the 'doctors' of miniature (Norgate, ed. Muller and Murrell, 70), and there is evidence also among the Hoskins miniatures of the early 1620s that he studied the work of Isaac Oliver very closely, using a version of his firm, dark stipple to produce a more highly modelled effect for certain sitters, such as James I (versions in the Royal Collection and the V&A). Throughout the 1620s and 1630s, working as Peter Oliver did for Charles I and visibly responding to the different influences of the immigrant painters in large, such as Paul van Somer and Daniel Mytens, Hoskins developed from these sources his own version of a stipple technique, minutely polychromatic in brown, sanguine, blue, yellow, and opaque white. This technique, once perfected, remained stable until at least the end of the 1630s.
Far more than Peter Oliver, who was his close contemporary and potential rival for court patronage in the 1620s, Hoskins remained a face painter. Although a Venus, Mercury and Cupid, after Correggio, survives at Burghley House neither Hoskins nor any of his family seems to have been seriously involved in the copying of the old masters in the Royal Collection. Oliver's absorption in that highly rewarded enterprise left the field of miniature portraiture open to Hoskins. In the 1630s, however, Hoskins too showed great ambition, enlarging both the size of his miniatures and their scope, by pioneering in particular the use of landscape or sky backgrounds. The work of this period is marked by vivid consciousness of Wenceslas Hollar as well as of the newly arrived genius Anthony Van Dyck, whose portraits of courtiers Hoskins frequently copied. A fine example showing both these developments is the Katherine Bruce, Mrs Murray of 1638, in the collection of the Victoria and Albert Museum at Ham House in Surrey. Norgate commented: 'As for Lanscape behind pictures they are very excellent, when well done, and the ground large enough to afford roome' (Norgate, ed. Muller and Murrell, 77). These large miniatures represent the high point of Hoskins's œuvre and one of the high points of British seventeenth-century art. They represent a continuation of Hilliard's practice of painting the most important sitters in an enlarged format and in a naturalistic setting. Finished across much of the surface to a very high degree, these miniatures must have been extremely expensive to produce, especially so of time.
From the 1630s also date the works that have long been recognized as problematic: not clearly by the same hand, variable in conception, style, and quality, and marked with at least three different forms of monogram or signature. There is evidence that Hoskinshad too much work to do himself. Lord Wentworth, later earl of Strafford, wrote to his agent on 17 August 1636: 'I pray to get Hauskins to take my picture in little from my original that is at length [by Van Dyck], and to make it something like those that he last drew, and desire Sir Anthony from me to help him' (Smith, 181). And to his wife, from London on 29 June 1636:
My picture in great you have, and one in little if I can possibly procure it; but Mr Hoskins hath so much work as I fear he will not have time to spare. I have promised one to another … uniform, and have courted the gentleman and yet cannot get his promise for that.
Lady Burghclere, Strafford, 1931, 2.13
In these circumstances Hoskins seems to have employed his nephews Samuel and Alexander Cooper, and David Des Granges, who married a certain Judith Hoskins in January 1636, to help meet demand. Demand naturally encouraged an increase in supply, and from the 1640s miniatures bearing Hoskins's monograms were rarely painted in the immensely demanding technique, and never on the scale, of the great works of the 1630s. A pensioned servant of the crown, after c.1642 Hoskins may willingly have passed the leading role to his nephew Samuel Cooper, who was by this time established in his own house and signing his own work. A rare example of work plausibly attributable to the elder Hoskins after this watershed is the Mrs Henderson of 1649, at Ham House. The extent to which his own son, John Hoskins the younger, was responsible for the miniatures signed with IH monograms after c.1645 is still a major crux of scholarly debate about seventeenth-century miniatures. A school of thought holds that Old Hoskins, aged about fifty-five, re-invented himself, discovering a new and bolder brushwork and different iconographic idiom, and continuing work as before. According to this view the younger Hoskins was not a serious miniaturist.
John Hoskins the younger (b. c. 1617) was born evidently to his father's putative first wife; he was left a legacy of £20 in his father's will and married, on 7 February 1670, Grace, elder daughter of Thomas Beaumont, a lay vicar-choral of Wells Cathedral and probably also a surgeon or apothecary. With her he had seven children and was, under his mother-in-law's will, the executor and residuary legatee of her estate, which he wound up after her death in 1692. He was mentioned in Samuel Cooper's will, which he witnessed, and was subsequently named as legatee of the residue of Samuel Cooper'sstudio, under the will of Christiana, Cooper's widow, dated 16 May 1693. The date and place of his death are not known. A record of legal proceedings in York, dated 1658, shows that his normal residence was in Durham Yard, near to his father in Bedford Street. This document states that he was aged forty-one, implying that he was born in 1616 or 1617, but since the document also gives the age of the Coopers slightly inaccurately it may not be reliable. A portrait believed to be of him, possibly by Samuel Cooper, is the recto of the Dead Baby (priv. coll.; exh. NPG, 1974, no. 138).
That the younger Hoskins painted miniatures and was, like his father, highly regarded for this accomplishment is indicated by William Sanderson: 'For Miniature or Limming, in watercolours, Hoskins and his son (if my judgement faile not) incomparable'. A portrait (priv. coll.) signed with the monogram traditionally associated with the younger Hoskins and inscribed 'Ipse' may be a self-portrait, and there are impressive miniatures similarly signed at Madresfield Court (Princess Elizabeth, 1645) and in the Victoria and Albert Museum (Sir John Wildman, 1647); others, all following a formula in which the figure is viewed somewhat from below and dated variously in the later 1640s and through the 1650s, appear frequently on the market. The Unknown Man, signed and dated 'IH Aetatis 81 1661', at Chatsworth in Derbyshire, so far appears to be the latest miniature of this group. It is surely likely to be by the younger Hoskins, aged about forty-four, rather than by his father, aged about seventy-one.
A reference to the younger Hoskins, as 'Mr Cooper's cousin Jacke', present at Pepys'smidsummer dinner party in 1668, the year before his marriage, characterizes him as one of a group 'all eminent men in their way'. If another reference is to him rather than his father he evidently practised also in the newly fashionable tonal medium of ‘crayons’. Aubrey records Robert Hooke observing: 'John Hoskins the painter, being at Freshwater to drawe pictures … grinding chalke, ruddle and coale' into a sort of pastel to be applied with the brush (Brief Lives, ed. Clark, 409; Brief Lives, ed. Lawson Dick, 49). Referred to by his relatives as 'Jack's son', he is probably the author of a pastel portrait of Cooper in the Victoria and Albert Museum. But Hoskins the younger, who was clearly a man of substance, should probably be thought of as a brilliant amateur exponent of these gentle arts, not a professional limner like his father.
John Murdoch DNB
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Home ► Civil aviation
"Brexit": vote in December and "exit" to January 31st
Today the House of Commons commences the procedure for early elections
The United Kingdom could go to the vote in December after the postponement of its exit from the European Union on January 31 (see AVIONEWS). Still to define the conditions for the start of the electoral campaign and Jeremy Corbyn, Labor leader declared himself satisfied by announcing on post of the social network "Twitter": "We intend to launch now the most radical campaign of change in the Country that we have ever seen. It's a generation's chance to build a country for the many, not the few. It's time to do it".
Today the House of Commons will begin the procedure for the approval of early elections and the debate on the date is still on. British Prime Minister Boris Johnson would like it to be December 12 to have time to conclude laws and practices relating to Northern Ireland, while Liberal Democrats and the Scottish National Party (SNP) would like to advance to the 9th of the same month.
RC3 - 1225411
London, UK, 10/29/2019 14:15
Civil aviationJohnson promises "Brexit" as a Christmas present
Presentation of the program in view of the December elections
Boris Johnson promised the "Brexit" as a Christmas present. The British prime minister plans to ratify the agreement in December and the United Kingdom outside the EU by January 31. It is the project of... more
DefenseUSA and UK on the phone
Comparison before the summit NATO in December
US President Donald Trump held a telephone conversation with UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson about the upcoming NATO summit to be held on 3 and 4 December in London. Trump highlighted the importance for... more
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Jean-Paul Cyr on 2009, ""For me it's a learning-charge-your-battery-focus-on-Thunder-Road-race-the-Baja-and-not-get-killed-type of year."
In American-Canadian Tour racing, there isn't much left for Jean-Paul Cyr to accomplish. He holds the record for all-time and consecutive ACT championships, at seven and five, respectively, ranks a close second in all-time ACT Late Model Tour race victories, has won all of the major events on the schedule at least once, and is a past recipient of the Don MacTavish Award for lifetime contributions to motorsports. Prior to that, he had been a track champion on the Devil's Bowl Speedway dirt in Fair Haven and a top independent competitior on the NASCAR Whelen Modified Tour. And for nearly the entire first decade of the 21st century, Cyr has been the face of northeastern Late Model racing.
But when a driver achieves so much success so frequently, he or she can become... bored.
So here comes Cyr, at 44, bored and seeking new challenges. The Milton racer is stepping out of an ultra-successful ride in the Rick Paya-owned RPM Motorsports #32 car and into a new car with an unproven team. Away from the ACT Late Model Tour - at least full-time - and into the tough-as-nails weekly wars at Barre's Thunder Road. And, more often, out of the close confines of a stock car cockpit and into the open air atop a speeding motorcycle.
Cyr has formed a new team with Joey and Jeff Laquerre to run for the 2009 Thunder Road Late Model championship. Joey Laquerre, who posted his first Thunder Road win as a car owner in 1968 and his most recent win as a driver some 40 years later, will field a new Race Basics-built car for Cyr at the Quarry Hill oval. His son, Jeff, will attempt to add to his impressive résumé as a championship-caliber crew chief, and will oversee the operation. Both Cyr and Jeff Laquerre have brought crew members to the fold, aiming for the "King of the Road" crown in the track's 50th season.
Said Cyr simply, "The number-one goal is to create a very stout team that can be a threat week-in and week-out, and the number-two goal would be the Thunder Road title." He did offer that the new team plans to compete in selected ACT events, although its touring schedule has not been finalized.
But there's more. As mentioned, Cyr will return to the roots he planted in his teenage years on the seat of a motorcycle. He has recently returned from the Mexican desert, having enlisted the help of Baja racing legends Johnny Campbell and Tim Morton, and is in the process of training for the Baja 500.
"I grew up racing motocross and hair scrambles," said Cyr. "In my late teens I raced the Florida winter series for a couple of years. Before I raced cars, that's what I did. I kind of became burned out on them, but around that time when I was younger the Baja had always intrigued me so it had always been kind of one of those personal goals to get out there. My father had gone out to Baja and did some trail riding a few times, and he'd come back telling stories."
Cyr began dabbling in the desert a couple of years ago, and the itch came back.
"I happened to meet the right people out there that were involved in racing the Baja 500 and 1000, and I made all the right connections," he said. "Now the opportunity has become very real. On June 6, I race the Baja 500, and I'm going to race that solo. To race at Baja and race cars, it's two different things, but I have to focus on both aspects. To race every weekend with the (ACT) Tour would interfere too much with my ambitions with the Baja. We're talking right now about forming a team for the 1000 (in November), myself and another rider, through Baja Bound (a ride/race program operated by Morton). So Thursday nights (at Thunder Road) really fit in really well for this year, where it wasn't going to take up a lot of my time and cut into too much of my training."
But back to four wheels, Cyr's touring experiences had begun to stagnate over the last couple of seasons. Until last year, he had never seriously been challenged for the ACT championship since his first of five consecutive titles in 2003. During that span, he won over 20% of the races run on the series, and had started to look in other directions, including brief stints as Race Director on Thursday nights at Thunder Road, and as the driver of Gary Casella's #25 car on the True Value Modified Racing Series. Racing full-time at Thunder Road, it seemed, was a logical change of atmosphere.
"I'm always looking for new challenges," Cyr explained. "With our recent history on the Tour, I was looking for new challenges. Thunder Road is certainly a big challenge. What intrigues me about it are the fans at Thunder Road. It's like, until you race Thunder Road weekly, I believe, you're never truly accepted by the fans there, and I love the fans there and I'd like to be more of a part of that before I move on to different venues. I can see myself running the Tour next year, (but) I needed an escape."
And then Cyr said something completely unexpected: "You set goals, and I've never truly achieved any goal that I've ever set, believe it or not."
How could this be possible for a man who has won more than anyone else in the last half-dozen years, for a man who has won championships on two wheels and four, on dirt and asphalt, and has competed successfully virtually everywhere?
"I tend to set fairly high goals, and I believe your goals should be high enough where you don't achieve them," he said. "What do you do after you achieve a goal? The project is done. So if you want to continue on with anything in life, anything that you love, I believe you always set your true ambition just above your likelyhood or ability. That way you can carry through, that's how you can win more than one championship, that's how you keep going. The novelty (of winning ACT races and titles) had worn off, and it was just time for something different, something to inject a little bit more excitement into my life. That's how the Modified happened, I was looking to make my job harder. And I did, just seeking satisfaction. It's kind of complicated, but it's not. Just looking to mix things up, add a little bit of excitement, create desire once again. I like an electric atmosphere, I like for things to be not so much black-and-white but a little bit more adventurous. That's all I was seeking, and once you start doing different things it opens up different opportunities."
So how long is Jean-Paul Cyr going to be seeking adventure at Thunder Road or in the desert? Are his days of ACT dominance over?
"Would I like to win eight ACT championships? Sure, but it's not going to be this year," he said with a laugh. "For me it's a learning-charge-your-battery-focus-on-Thunder-Road-race-the-Baja-and-not-get-killed-type of year."
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HomePosts tagged 'baseball grandfather'
baseball grandfather
Lennie Merullo Sr., Grandfather of Three-Generation Baseball Family, Dies at 98
July 12, 2015 July 12, 2015 Richard Cuicchi @ TheTenthInning.com Uncategorized baseball father, baseball grandfather, baseball relatives, baseball son, basesball grandson, Lennie Merullo Jr., Lennie Merullo Sr., Matt Merullo
Lennie Merullo, the last living member of the 1945 Chicago Cubs World Series team, died in May at age 98. He played shortstop for the Cubs from 1941 to 1947, batting .240 for his career. He was a scout for more than two decades for the Cubs.
His son, Lennie Jr. played in the minors from 1962 to 1964 in the Pittsburgh Pirates organization. On the day Lennie Jr. was born, his father committed three errors in his Cubs’ game, thus earning the nickname “Boots.”
His grandson, Matt Merullo, was a major league player from 1989 to 1995, appearing for the White Sox, Twins, and Indians.
Read more about Lennie Merullo at the link below from the Chicago Sun-Times:
http://chicago.suntimes.com/sports/7/71/649416/lennie-merullo-last-living-cub-play-world-series-dies-98
Ed Sprague Coaches His Son at Pacific
April 12, 2015 Richard Cuicchi @ TheTenthInning.com Uncategorized baseball father, baseball grandfather, baseball relatives, baseball son, basseball grandson, Ed Sprague, Ed Sprague Sr., family ties
Ed Sprague is a two-time World Series ring winner with the Toronto Blue Jays of the 1990s. Now he is coaching his son, Jed, at the University of Pacific, where Jed is a freshman.
Jed is a third-generation player in his family. His grandfather, Ed Sr., played in the majors from 1968 to 1975 with four different clubs.
Read more about the Sprague father-son combo at the link below from recordnet.com:
http://www.recordnet.com/article/20150320/SPORTS/150329985/101100/A_SPORTS
Joe Coleman Part of a Three-Generation Baseball Family
January 18, 2015 January 18, 2015 Richard Cuicchi @ TheTenthInning.com Uncategorized baseball father, baseball grandfather, baseball relatives, baseball son, Casey Coleman, family ties, Joe Coleman
Former Major League pitcher Joe H. Coleman’s father and son also appeared in the big leagues, making them one of only five three-generation baseball families in baseball history.
Joseph Howard Coleman appeared in the big leagues from 1965 to 1979, mostly with the Washington Senators and Detroit Tigers. He won 142 games and made the All-Star team in 1972 for the Tigers.
His father, Joseph Patrick Coleman, was also a pitcher in the majors, from 1942 to 1955, including one All-Star season in 1948 with the Philadelphia A’s. He won 52 games during his career.
Casey Coleman is the son of Joseph Howard. He is still active in the big leagues, appearing with the Kansas City Royals for ten games in 2014. He began his major league career in 2010 with the Chicago Cubs.
See related review of Joe H. Coleman’s career at the link below from blessyouboys.com:
http://www.blessyouboys.com/2015/1/15/7549795/top-tigers-countdown-57-joe-coleman
Another Kessinger Destined For Shortstop
June 29, 2014 Richard Cuicchi @ TheTenthInning.com Uncategorized baseball father, baseball grandfather, baseball grandson, baseball relatives, baseball son, Don Kessinger, family ties, Grae Kessinger, Keith Kessinger, Kevin Kessinger
His last name is certainly familiar to major league baseball circles, and he will also be following a family tradition at Ole Miss, where his father, grandfather and uncle also played college baseball.
Grae Kessinger verbally committed to Ole Miss after his sophomore season in high school. His grandfather Don was an All-American shortstop at Ole Miss and went on to a 16-year career in the big leagues, including six All-Star selections. His father Kevin also played for Ole Miss, followed by a brief minor league career in the Cubs organization. His uncle Keith was also a shortstop who played alongside Kevin at Ole Miss and wound up reaching the big leagues for the Reds in 1993.
See the related profile of Grae Kessinger at the link below from nwaonline.com:
http://www.nwaonline.com/news/2014/jun/21/baseball-kessinger-carries-on-family-s-/?sports
Third Generation Ripken Will Get Opportunity In The Pros
June 13, 2014 Richard Cuicchi @ TheTenthInning.com Uncategorized 2014 MLB Draft, baseball father, baseball grandfather, baseball grandson, baseball relatives, baseball son, Cal Ripken Jr., Cal Ripken Sr., family ties, Ryan Ripken
Ryan Ripken, son of baseball legend Cal Ripken Jr. and grandson of former Major League manager Cal Ripken Sr., was drafted in the 15th round of the 2014 MLB Draft by the Washington Nationals.
Ryan will have some big shoes to fill in his attempt to reach the big leagues. His father is a Hall of Famer, and his grandfather was a long-time Baltimore Oriole organization man in various capacities.
See related story about Ryan Ripken at the link below from espn.com:
http://espn.go.com/mlb/story/_/id/11049389/washington-nationals-draft-cal-ripken-son-15th-round
Hunter Harvey Holding Up The Family Tradition
April 5, 2014 Richard Cuicchi @ TheTenthInning.com Uncategorized 2013 MLB draft, baseball brothers, baseball fathers, baseball grandfather, baseball relatives, baseball sons, Bryan Harvey, family ties, Hunter Harver, Kris Harvey
Hunter Harvey is a second-year pitcher in the Baltimore Orioles organization, following his father’s and brother’s footsteps in pursuit of a professional baseball career. His father, Bryan Harvey, was a two-time All-Star pitcher in the big leagues during 1987 through 1995. His brother Kris reached the Double-A level in the minors, but ended his career in 2012 after eight seasons. Hunter was a first-round draft selection out of high school by the Baltimore Orioles in the 2013 MLB Draft.
Hunter’s grandfather, David Harvey, played ball on a different diamond. He was an Amateur Softball Association National Slow-Pitch Softball Hall of Famer who won five national titles in the ’70s and ’80s.
See related story about Hunter Harvey at the link below from delmarvanow.com:
http://www.delmarvanow.com/article/20140402/SPORTS35/304020030/The-family-business-For-Hunter-Harvey-baseball-has-always-been-part-of-life
Yaz Has Ties On Both Sides of Bosox-Orioles Game
March 15, 2014 March 15, 2014 Richard Cuicchi @ TheTenthInning.com Uncategorized baseball grandfather, baseball grandson, baseball relatives, Carl Yastrzemski, family ties, Mike Yastrzemski
Hall of Famer Carl Yastrzemski recently attended a spring training game between the Red Sox and Orioles. While his allegiances are to his former Red Sox team, he also now pulls for his grandson, Mike, who played in the game for the Orioles that day. Mike, a graduate of Vanderbilt University, was drafted by the Orioles in the 14th round of the 2013 MLB Draft and expects to start the season at the Class A level in the Orioles organization.
See related story about the Yastrzemskis at the link below from seacoastonline.com:
http://www.seacoastonline.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20140303/SPORTS/403030327/-1/NEWSMAP
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Bay Nature magazine ◦ January-March 2018
There Is No Option to Live Without Fire in California
by Zach St. George
Photos by McNair Evans
Once, in what is now Northern California, a fire burned across a grassy hill and against the base of an oak. It left a black scar on the tree but didn’t kill it. Soot from the fire settled out of the air into a nearby lake. It drifted to the lake bed and soon was covered with other sediment. Five or ten years after the first fire, there was another. Back then, fire came often.
Tree ring scars and charcoal layers in lake beds can tell scientists how often fire visited those places. By joining many of these records experts can stitch together a portrait of how the land burned, over centuries and across continents. Fire ecologists estimate that when Europeans arrived in North America 500 years ago, an area more than twice the size of New Mexico burned across what is now the Lower 48 states each year. In California alone, fire annually burned an area bigger than Connecticut. Ignited by lightning or California Indians, these fires burned unhindered for months at a time, creeping through forests, sprinting across grass and brush. For millennia, in what is now the Bay Area, summer and fall brought smoke.
Then, slowly, the fires stopped. By the early 1900s, Native Americans were no longer lighting fires, and many Americans had moved to cities. Their attitude toward fire changed, writes fire scientist and historian Stephen Pyne in his book Fire in America. They deemed fire a problem and began snuffing it wherever they could, trying to drive it from the landscape. Mostly, they succeeded. The California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, or Cal Fire, says that of the thousands of fires that start annually in the parts of the state where it manages firefighting, it prevents 95 percent from getting bigger than 10 acres. The total area that burns in the Lower 48 each year is no bigger than Maryland. But it now seems that in trying to solve the problem of fire, we only postponed it.
This fall the Bay Area was once again shrouded in smoke. The fires that started October 8th and 9th killed dozens of people and destroyed thousands of homes and businesses across Napa, Sonoma, and Mendocino counties. They were a human tragedy and an economic disaster, the deadliest and costliest fire in state history. In some ways, California was especially vulnerable to fire this fall—the five-year drought that ended last spring and the accompanying bark beetle problem, which has left more than 129 million trees dead across the state, and the heavy rain that followed birthed a flush of brushy vegetation.
But for all the ways the recent fires were unique, they closely resemble other disastrous fires that have burned across the state in recent decades: the 2003 Cedar Fire in San Diego destroyed 2,800 structures and killed 15 people; the 2015 Valley Fire near Clear Lake destroyed nearly 2,000 structures and killed four people; the 1991 Tunnel Fire in the Oakland hills destroyed almost 3,000 structures and killed 25; and the 2017 Southern California fires continue to burn in late December. These are the kinds of fires that remain: They burn when it is hottest and driest and the wind is howling, when fire crews can’t fight them. In trying to stop fire, it is as if we tried to stop the wind and rain, but in our hubris were left with only hurricanes.
The situation is getting worse. The number of acres consumed by fire each year in the state is growing, and the number of buildings destroyed annually has increased dramatically over the past few decades. Climate change is a factor—the length of the state’s fire season has increased by more than two months since the 1970s, and seven of the ten largest and eight of the most destructive fires in the California’s recent history have occurred since 2003. As the state’s population has grown, expanding into the wildlands, so has the number of Californians in harm’s way, with more than 2 million homes now in locations at high or extreme risk of damage from wildfires.
Holding up the 2017 fire season as a vision of the near future, many are arguing for a change in tactics in our long war against fire. Scientists, environmentalists, federal, state, and local officials, and even the head of Cal Fire all agree that a century of fire suppression is largely to blame for our current predicament. But for all the years, effort, and money it took for us to banish fire, it may be just as hard to bring it back.
In the fall of 1542, the conquistador Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo arrived with three ships off the coast of what is now San Diego. He saw “green valleys, broad savannas, and a great pall of smoke,” writes ethnobotanist Kat Anderson. There is little lightning in coastal California, so smoke almost certainly meant people.
How long have people been lighting fires in California? The oldest known archaeological sites in the state are on the Channel Islands, says UC Berkeley archaeology professor Kent Lightfoot, and date to around 13,000 years ago. Greg Sarris, tribal chairman of the Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria, suggests that indigenous people have lived in the state much longer, perhaps since before the beginning of the last ice age. However long they’d lived here, by about 6,000 years ago, the inhabitants of central and northern coastal California were numerous enough to begin shaping the landscape to their purposes.
Their activities are recorded on the landscape. Archaeologists have uncovered the plant remains of extensive coastal prairies all around what is now the Bay Area. Such prairies would have been quickly overrun with brush and trees without fire to clear them, U.S. Geological Survey fire ecologist Jon Keeley wrote in a 2002 study. Although the Bay Area gets few lightning strikes, some of these prairies persisted for thousands of years.
“It was this whole system where you get a more biodiverse and productive landscape,” says Peter Nelson, a tribal citizen of the Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria and assistant professor of archaeology at San Diego State who studied vegetation preserved in an ancient house near Tolay Lake, in southern Sonoma County. Fire, he says, made the land “more habitable for people.” It kept the brush at bay, creating conditions attractive to deer and game birds. It promoted the growth of berries, willows for use in basketry, and other important plants. It made traveling easier. For millennia, the indigenous people of central and northern coastal California used fire to create the landscape they desired. The scene that Cabrillo and other Europeans found was not the wilderness they believed it to be, Pyne writes (speaking of the United States more generally). “Closer to the truth,” he writes, “is that Europe found a garden and has tried to render it into a wilderness.”
Archaeologists say that when Cabrillo sailed up the California coast, the Bay Area was one of the most densely populated parts of North America, home to tens of thousands of people. Over the next centuries, most of them died of European diseases or were murdered. European-Americans continued to use fire as an agricultural and landscaping tool for a while, but as they moved to cities, Pyne writes, they came to see fire as a threat. Eventually cities expanded back into the woods and fields, mixing together in what fire scientists call the wildland-urban interface, “a fractal fringe of wooden (and oftentimes wooden-roofed) houses that were, from a fire-behavior perspective,” Pyne writes, “jackpots of fuel.” Meanwhile, the garden grew wild. Though the landscape was no less flammable than it had ever been, it only rarely burned.
Three weeks after the start of the fires in Napa, Sonoma, and Mendocino, I drive through the remnants of a neighborhood on the north side of Glen Ellen, southeast of Santa Rosa along State Highway 12. The first fire started around 9:45 p.m., October 8, followed by 21 more fires in the next six hours. Carried by winds that gusted to 70 miles per hour, the fires sped through vegetation left dry at the end of a long, hot season. “You don’t put something like that out,” says Cal Fire staff chief David Shew. “You just try to get people out of the way.”
All told, the fires killed 44 people and damaged or destroyed some 9,000 homes and buildings, the largest loss of homes in the state since the 1906 earthquake, according to Mark Ghilarducci, director of the California Office of Emergency Services; more than $9 billion in insurance claims have been filed so far. The fire has painted the landscape with a surrealist’s brush: here’s an intact split-rail fence surrounding a house gone missing; here’s a set of wooden stairs up to a second-story deck, now freestanding in a field of ash. Charred washer-dryers and brick chimneys poke from the ruins. The blackened ground is flecked with golden oak leaves, dropped in the days after the fire.
I roll slowly down the block, past FEMA workers in yellow vests, hard hats, and face masks, out looking for hazardous materials. Near the end of the street I find a man named Phil Clover sifting through the remains of his house. Tanned, wearing a ball cap and a flannel shirt tucked into his jeans, Clover looks at least two decades younger than his 83 years (unprompted, he pulls out his driver’s license to verify this). At 1 a.m. on the night of October 9th, firefighters woke Clover and his wife and told them to evacuate. His wife packed some of their things and went, but Clover stayed behind. He never saw the main Nuns fire, he says. The wind was whistling and the air was filled with smoke, and then there was a blizzard of “red little sprinkles coming down,” he says, what a fire ecologist calls firebrands. They didn’t hurt when they landed on his skin, he says, but they caught the grass on fire.
He raced back and forth with the garden hose, putting out the little fires that grew from the brands: on the front lawn, at the base of the eucalyptus, near the chicken coop. It was while he was focused on the coop that the woodpile caught fire. The fire spread to his fence, to the storehouse, then to his home. There was a sound like a jet engine and a brilliant white light. He retreated to his car, parked in the open space at the end of the driveway, and sat there through the night, breathing the air-conditioning system’s recycled air. He watched his neighbors’ houses burn one by one.
Farther south in Glen Ellen, near Jack London State Park, I meet Tracy Salcedo. Her street is densely wooded, scattered with houses, some burnt, others not. I knocked on her door because I noticed that her lawn was charred within feet of the house, which looked unscathed. She’d evacuated, she tells me, but her neighbor had stayed behind. With a garden hose, he managed to keep the small flames at bay. Across the street is a house that did burn.*
*It must be pointed out: What Clover and Salcedo’s neighbor (who did not want to be interviewed or named in this article) did was dangerous. By staying behind to defend their property, Shew says, “people are taking a huge risk,” not only to themselves, but to the fire crews who might end up rescuing them. There is some debate about whether California should adopt a policy like Australia’s “Prepare, Stay and Defend, or Leave Early,” in which well-prepared property owners are given the choice of staying behind. For now, though, in California, it remains more a discussion among academics than among policymakers and firefighters. Shew says there are currently no communities in the state where he would endorse a stay-and-defend strategy. Maybe, he says, at some point, “there could be a time when that becomes a viable option.”
Salcedo’s property, nestled in the woods, seems vulnerable. But more houses survived here than in Clover’s neighborhood, where the homes sit on flat ground with big yards between. Usually, people imagine that wildfire burns through a neighborhood in an advancing wall of flame, burning house after house, “like some bombing raid or a tsunami,” says Jack Cohen, a retired Forest Service fire scientist who studies how buildings ignite. What actually happens, he says, is more commonly like what Clover described: firebrands igniting many small fires at once. Thrown off by vegetation or burning structures, these brands can travel for miles ahead of the main fire. Fire crews are ill-equipped to stop these scattered blazes, and many of the small fires have time to grow into big ones. Cal Fire’s Shew says that the majority of the homes destroyed in the October fires likely ignited this way.
Homeowners could be better prepared. The day after the fire nearly burned her house, Salcedo and her son tried to fireproof it. They cleared the shrubs growing along the walls, felled a small plum tree by the front door, and emptied the gutters. These kinds of steps, taken in advance, are often what separate burned houses from the unburned ones, Cohen says. Home ignitions depend mostly on the 100-foot radius around the house and especially on the five-foot-wide space immediately surrounding the building. It’s important to make sure those areas won’t carry fire to the house, he says, as they did at Clover’s house, and as they almost did at Salcedo’s. Similarly, roofs should be made of fire-resistant materials and vents should be covered to keep out brands.
But if a lack of homeowner preparedness was to blame in Clover’s neighborhood, the problem is bigger than it seems. In Google Street View images of the neighborhood taken before the fire, it looks just like Anywhere, California—you could swap it out for a similar neighborhood in Walnut Creek or San Diego or San Jose. The message of Glen Ellen, if there is one, is this: when conditions are ideal for fire, suppression fails, and places that hadn’t seemed vulnerable suddenly are. It is a hard thing to reconcile. “I don’t think anyone who lives in a place like this forgets about fire,” Salcedo says. “It’s more an idea that it just won’t happen to us.”
As multiple fire scientists told me, though, there is no “no-fire” option in California; over time, fire will always return. In suppressing fire, they say, we’ve really only made a trade, swapping more frequent, less dangerous fire for less frequent, more dangerous fire. For decades, scientists and environmentalists have been arguing that we ought to trade back, even if that means we have to light the fires ourselves.
Earlier in the fall, I traveled to Kings Canyon National Park to join park employees and area fire crews while they lit prescribed fires. The park’s iconic giant sequoias are able to survive repeated small fires, but the clot of vegetation that grew up over decades of fire suppression threatened many of the groves with deadly crown fire. Foresters have been lighting fires in Kings Canyon and the adjacent Sequoia National Park since the late 1960s, and the effort is known as one of the best, longest-running prescribed fire programs in the West.
Wearing borrowed green pants and a yellow jacket, I follow a crew of hotshots down a scrubby hillside as they light it on fire. They walk amid the brush, waving drip torches, thermos-shaped cans with curlicue spouts that drip a fuel mixture past a flaming igniter. This is the third prescribed burn in this roughly 100-acre section of Kings Canyon, says Tony Caprio, a U.S. Geological Survey fire ecologist who helped plan the burn; the last time was in the mid-1990s. The goal for today’s fire, he says, is to reduce the combined weight of living and dead vegetation in the area by 30 to 60 percent. Sometimes it is more practical to thin vegetation by hand or with machines, but here the comparative elegance of fire is clear: it leaves no mess of wood chips or sawdust, no torn ground. Though blackened, the forest looks open, the way it likely did when Europeans first arrived. The prescribed fire promotes favored species, including the giant sequoias, whose seedlings sprout only on bare ground, and reduces competition between older trees, making them more resilient in the face of drought.
The fire-fighting benefit of prescribed fire is evident when I visit the edge of the 2015 Rough Fire, which burned 151,000 acres and nearly reached the park’s Grant Grove, which contains the world’s second-largest tree. The fire made it within shouting distance of the tree, General Grant, but then hit an area where a prescribed fire had burned. The change in the wildfire’s intensity is still clearly visible nearly two years after the Rough Fire—on the untreated side, all the trees but the biggest giant sequoias are dead snags, while the uphill, prescribed burn side looks untouched. If no one were there to tell me, I wouldn’t have known there had been a fire on the uphill side.
The smoke from this prescribed fire is light gray and smells like a campfire, nothing like the acrid haze that enveloped the Bay Area during the October fires. Dar Mims, a meteorologist at the California Air Resources Board, says that just as there is no “no-fire” choice in California, there is no “no-smoke” choice. He often gets calls from people concerned about smoke from prescribed fires, he says, but the air board generally sees the small, brief releases of smoke from prescribed fire as preferable to a wildfire’s toxic gout, which might last for weeks and affect a quarter of the state. “The more we can do fuel reduction,” Mims says, “The better it is for air quality.”
I follow the hotshots down the hill along a trail. At times, there are hints of a wildfire’s danger. When I walk back up the hill, some of the flames have grown to 10 or 15 feet high, so hot that I have to shield my bare hands from the heat. The fire roars and laps high up the trunks of dead snags, and smoke billows across the trail. The biggest objection to prescribed fire is not the smoke, but the possibility that it will escape—as Shew says, “the fire doesn’t know it’s supposed to be a prescribed fire.” In 2012, a prescribed fire southeast of Denver, Colorado, escaped and burned 16 houses and killed three people; more than a decade earlier, an escaped fire entered the town of Los Alamos, New Mexico, destroying some 300 homes and buildings. There have been dozens of other escapes and near-escapes each year over the last few decades, occurring in roughly one percent of prescribed fires. The potential for unintended consequences can make the practice a hard sell to the public, says Scott Stephens, a UC Berkeley fire ecologist. “Any time you do something like that,” he says, “there’s risk.”
The risk of runaway fires is part of the logistical tightrope that the “burn bosses” I talk with say they must walk in lighting a prescribed fire, as they try to hit the meteorological conditions that will promote a fire that carries without growing too powerful, get approval from air quality districts, and secure both the money and personnel to carry out the work; the fire crews I meet, now lighting fires, had just come off weeks of fighting fires across the western U.S. Legal liability, too, is a constant worry.
Despite these hurdles, prescribed burning seems to be gaining support in California. In 2015, as part of a settlement of a long legal dispute between Sierra Forest Legacy, a conservation nonprofit, and the Forest Service, the two parties signed a memorandum of understanding in which they agreed to, in part, “increase public education and awareness in support of ecologically sensitive and economically efficient vegetation management activities, including prescribed fire, forest thinning and other fuel treatment projects.” Twenty-two other parties joined the memorandum or have since joined, including Cal Fire, the National Park Service, the Bureau of Land Management, the Sierra Club, and several of the state regional air quality management boards. Craig Thomas, the conservation director at Sierra Forest Legacy, says the broad group of signatures reflects a “growing, mutual recognition that fire exclusion has been a bad idea.” In a March 2017 State Assembly hearing, Ken Pimlott, the director of Cal Fire, told members of the Assembly that prescribed fire is the best way to reduce the intensity of wildfires. “From Cal Fire’s perspective,” he said, “certainly prescribed fire fuels treatment is a priority.”
I meet Sasha Berleman just down the road from Glen Ellen, at the entrance to Bouverie Preserve, a month after the North Bay fires. We drive up from the road, passing a few cows resting in a burnt field on one side and an oak woodland on the other, and park in a lot overlooking what used to be a large cluster of buildings. Berleman is the resident fire ecologist at Audubon Canyon Ranch, the conservation nonprofit that manages the preserve. She leads the way down to the burned buildings, followed by her dog, Chicago, a small yellow curly thing.
Berleman spent October 9th at the preserve, trying to save what she could. The area had been washed with firebrands thrown by the knobcone pines two ridges over, and by the time she’d arrived that morning many of the buildings were already on fire. With the help of a retired Cal Fire chief, she managed to save the historic house of David Bouverie, who founded the preserve, but most of the buildings were lost. We walk past her boss’s house, burned to its foundation. Chickens meander around the wreckage. Kids’ toys lie scattered in the yard. She’d been planning a prescribed burn in the dense oak woodlands adjacent to the compound. The historic buildings weren’t designed with wildfire in mind, but still, she says, “I just keep thinking if I’d had one more year to get those fuel treatments done, there’s a good chance those buildings would’ve survived.”
We walk up a path east into the hills above the buildings. On the north side of the path is an oak and bay woodland. The trees’ leaves stick out all in the same direction, as though someone has dragged the boughs with a pomaded comb. The fire came through here so fast that the hot wind sucked all the moisture from the leaves without catching them on fire, Berleman says. The ground beneath the trees is charred deep black. On the south side of the path, just a few feet away, the ground is still brown, the grass unburnt. This is one of the areas where she’d lit a prescribed fire last May.
Illustrated this way, with the aftermath of prescribed fire on one side and fire suppression on the other, it seems like an easy choice. If not an outright panacea, prescribed fire at least seems capable of righting many of the wrongs of fire suppression. Look around, and you’ll find plenty examples of people lighting prescribed fires—in the North Bay alone, land managers at Point Reyes National Seashore, state and county parks, and land trusts have all employed fire to manage fuel loads and encourage native flora and fauna. Some 18,407 acres have been burned in the Bay Area over the last decade, according to the Bay Area Air Quality Management District. The problem is scale. The current enthusiasm for prescribed burning is digging out of a deep hole. This fiscal year, Cal Fire aims to treat 20,000 of the 31 million acres in its purview with prescribed fire, and even more in the future. This is a drastic improvement over years of burning only 2,000 or 3,000 acres, but it regularly burned 60,000-plus acres as recently as the 1980s. As Pimlott says, the new numbers may “not sound like a lot, when we talk about needing to burn three or four million acres across the state.”
During the March hearing, Pimlott also noted that although the number of wildfires had grown substantially between 2015 and 2016, the agency had still achieved its goal of keeping 95 percent of non-prescribed fires on the lands it manages to less than 10 acres. As David Shew told me, that goal “kind of flies in the face of the natural ecology of the landscape”—a fact that Cal Fire is well aware of. Although the Forest Service and other federal land managers have been able to walk back somewhat from all-out suppression, sometimes leaving fires burning under preferable conditions, Cal Fire is more constrained, says Daniel Berlant, the department’s assistant deputy director. “The majority of the land we protect is privately owned,” he says, “inhabited by homes, structures, and infrastructure.” In the North Bay, 81 percent of the fires were on private property. Choosing to let those fires burn wasn’t an option. As the wildfire season stretches, he says, the amount of time that Cal Fire’s seasonally employed fire crews have for prescribed fire and other vegetation management, as well as defensible space inspections, shrinks. The state’s leading firefighting body is trapped in a cycle of fire suppression.
Relief will likely have to come at least partly through the efforts of private landowners. Bill Keene, general manager of the Sonoma County Agricultural Preservation and Open Space District, says that before the October fires, the district wasn’t actively working on fire prevention with landowners on the conservation easements it manages. Going forward, though, he says, fire will be part of the conversation, which might mean allowing activities on easements that wouldn’t have been allowed in the past—including prescribed fire. As the use of prescribed fire by Cal Fire declined in recent decades, its use also declined with private landholders, says Lenya Quinn-Davidson, director of the Northern California Prescribed Fire Council, who leads prescribed burning workshops across the state. Scott Stephens, the UC Berkeley professor, concurs. Decades of suppression left the western U.S. with relatively few people trained to carry out the work: “We just don’t have that experience to pass on.” But it’s important not to let the current enthusiasm pass, he says—as climate change continues to push conditions toward extremes, as wildfires consume more and more of fire agency budgets, and as the wildland-urban interface expands, it will only become more difficult to bring fire back. During the May prescribed fire at Bouverie, Berleman (who studied in Stephens’ lab) was joined by 12 different fire departments, including members of the National Park Service, the Graton Rancheria, and Cal Fire. There were 75 firefighters there, Berleman says, far more than needed for the 20-acre burn, but the fire was also meant as a training day, an opportunity for firefighters to experience fire in its more benevolent form.
Berleman and I continue up the hill. Earlier, down in front of what had been the preserve’s main building, she pointed out a statue of an egret, now surrounded by ashes. People had been comparing the long-necked bird to a phoenix, she says, but she thinks they may be looking too far afield. “I keep telling them they don’t have to turn to mythical creatures for examples of rebirth from fire.” Now, as we climb, we pass turkeys, and a deer, and a flock of roosted doves. The ground is blackened, speckled with golden oak leaves.
Zach St. George
Zach St. George is a reporter in Oakland. He writes about science and the environment and is currently working on a book about the future of forests.
How to Start Adapting to California’s “Precipitation Whiplash”
Why We Need to Treat Wildfire as a Public Health Issue in California
These Trees Survived California’s Drought and That’s Giving Scientists Hope for Climate Change
As Temperatures Change, What Organisms Move North to California?
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Tag Archives: Growlers Beer Bistro
Another Big Holiday Weekend In The 88th Assembly District
I’d like to wish all who are celebrating, a very Merry Christmas. Remember there are plenty of ways to enjoy the season in the cities, towns and villages of the 88th Assembly District. Here’s a closer look at some of the events that are taking place. If you have an event that you’d like me to include in the coming weeks, send the information to Paulina@NYAssembly.gov.
The City of White Plains Winterfest Holiday Market will kick off at 11 a.m. on Court Street between Martine Avenue and Main Street. There will be shopping, entertainment, food, and more. The Winterfest will run until 7 p.m. Gospel singer Monica Judkins will perform at 12:30 p.m. while The Tappan Zee Bridgemen, a marching band, will perform from 5-7 p.m. Wild Sea Salt with chef Lisa Caccamise will give a cooking demonstration at noon. Visit wpbid.com for more information.
The City of White Plains Winterfest Holiday Market continues from 11 a.m.-7 p.m. on Court Street between Martine Avenue and Main Street. The Forever Young Singers will perform from 1-2 p.m. followed by the Archbishop Stepinac High School Choir from 4-5 p.m. The Deidre O’Mara School of Irish Dance will perform at 6:30 p.m. White Plains Education & Training Center chef Joe Brefere will conduct a cooking demo at 11 a.m., demonstrating how to prepare filet mignon. Visit wpbid.com for more information.
The Indoor Scarsdale Farmer’s Market will take place from 11 a.m.-5 p.m. on Thursdays through April 26 at 13-15 Boniface Circle, the former home of Space NK. Visit scarsdale.com for more information.
The Westchester Sandbox Theatre will present “A Fairytale Christmas Carol” at The JCC of Mid-Westchester (999 Wilmot Avenue, Scarsdale) at 7:30 p.m. on Thursday and Friday. Visit wstshows.com for more information.
The Reformed Church of Bronxville (180 Pondfield Road, Bronxville) will host “Blue Christmas”, a meditative service of music, candlelight, readings and prayer for those seeking stillness and peace during a busy holiday season, at 7 p.m. Visit reformedchurch.org for more information.
The faculty of the Music Conservatory of Westchester will perform at The Ritz-Carlton New York, Westchester (3 Renaissance Square, White Plains) in the lobby lounge from 5-8 p.m. Visit musicconservatory.org for more information.
Growlers Beer Bistro (25 Main Street, Tuckahoe) will host “The Feast of the 7 Dogfishes” from 7-10 p.m. Enjoy seven of Dogfishes rarest beers responsibly along with food specials. Visit growlersbeerbistro.com for more information.
The Westchester County Department of Senior Programs and Services will host a guidance program on county services for seniors at the Scarsdale Library (54 Olmstead Road, Scarsdale) from 9 a.m.-3 p.m. Visit scarsdalelibrary.org for more information.
The New Rochelle Little Beehive Holiday Market will be open from 4:30-7:30 p.m. at the New Rochelle Train Station (1 Penn Central Railroad Plaza, New Rochelle). There will be local vendors on hand for the city’s new holiday outdoor market. Visit newrochelledowntown.com for more information.
The Westchester Knicks of the NBA G League will take on the Lakeland Magic in a 7-p.m. contest at The Westchester County Center in White Plains. Visit countycenter.biz for more information.
The Community Church of the Pelhams (448 Washington Avenue, Pelham) will host Baharat, a contemporary ensemble playing music from the Middle East and from native cultures throughout the world, in a 7:30-p.m. concert. Visit communitychurchofpelham.org for more information.
Jeff Dawson will play at the piano bar at Underhills Crossing (74.5 Pondfield Road, Bronxville) from 7-11 p.m. Visit underhillscrossing.com for more information.
Zachys (16 East Parkway, Scarsdale) will host a sparkling wine tasting from 4-7 p.m. Visit zachys.com for more information.
The White Plains Performing Arts Center (11 City Place, White Plains) will present “The Hunchback of Notre Dame”, a musical based on the Victor Hugo story with music from the Disney movie, at 7 p.m. There will also be shows on Saturday at 2 and 7 p.m. Visit wppac.com for more information.
The City of White Plains Winterfest Holiday Market continues from 11 a.m.-9 p.m. on Court Street between Martine Avenue and Main Street. Sean Cantatore from Flanders Warehouse will perform at 12:30 p.m. The Westchester Chordsmen, a renowned male chorus, will perform Christmas and Hanukkah songs at 5 p.m. Room To Create will present a Craft Workshop at 5:30 p.m. There will be a reading of Polar Express at 6 p.m. followed by a 6:30-p.m. performance by The Lagond Music School. The Carousel Dance Studio will showcase its talent at 7:30 p.m. and the evening will conclude with an open mic from 8-9 p.m. Visit wpbid.com for more information.
The Westchester Chordsmen
Julius Rodriguez will perform from 7-10:30 p.m. at Alvin & Friends Restaurant (14 Memorial Highway, New Rochelle). Visit alvinandfriendsrestaurant.com for more information.
Michelle DeAngelis will play at the piano bar at Underhills Crossing (74.5 Pondfield Road, Bronxville) from 8-11:55 p.m. Visit underhillscrossing.com for more information.
The Bronxville Library (201 Pondfield Road) will show the film “The Santa Claus 3 – The Escape Claus” at 3:30 p.m. Visit bronxvillelibrary.org for more information.
Zachys (16 East Parkway, Scarsdale) will host a Johnnie Walker Blue tasting and engraving from 4-7 p.m. Visit zachys.com for more information.
The St. Paul’s Church and National Historic Site (897 South Columbus Avenue, Mount Vernon) will host organist Kathryn Jones as she performs holiday classics at 2 p.m. Visit nps.gov/sapa for more information.
The Bartow-Pell Mansion Museum (895 Shore Road, Pelham Bay Park) will present “Cookies and Crafts” from noon-2 p.m. Decorate holiday cookies and explore the mansion as its all decked out for the holiday season. Visit bartowpellmansionmuseum.org for more information.
The Christopher Brown Band will perform at Growlers Beer Bistro (25 Main Street, Tuckahoe) at 9:30 p.m. Visit growlersbeerbistro.com for more information.
The City of White Plains Winterfest Holiday Market continues from 11 a.m.-9 p.m. on Court Street between Martine Avenue and Main Street. Santa will be on hand from noon-2 p.m. The Rockin’ Winter Chicklets & Two Elves will perform from 2-3 p.m. Christopher Agostino’s Story Faces – Tales of Transformation and Wonder, a unique performance of storytelling and face painting, is scheduled for 3 p.m. The Back 2 Rock Music School will play from 4-5 p.m. followed by Jim Keyes, who will perform Dickensian-era music in costume with authentic instruments. The Katonah Celebration Ringers are scheduled to play from 6:30-7:30 and the evening will close out with a show by The Jacob Harelick Groove from 8-9 p.m. Break Bread Not Hearts will present a cooking demo by chef D’Amour Green at 5:30 p.m. Visit wpbid.com for more information.
The Westchester Knicks of the NBA G League will take on the Wisconsin Herd in a 5-p.m. contest at The Westchester County Center in White Plains. Visit countycenter.biz for more information.
The Leslie Pintchik Trio will perform from 7:30-11p.m. at Alvin & Friends Restaurant (14 Memorial Highway, New Rochelle). Visit alvinandfriendsrestaurant.com for more information.
Mike LaMassa will play at the piano bar at Underhills Crossing (74.5 Pondfield Road, Bronxville) from 8-11:55 p.m. Visit underhillscrossing.com for more information.
The City of White Plains Winterfest Holiday Market continues from 10 a.m.-2 p.m. on Court Street between Martine Avenue and Main Street. White Plains mayor Tom Roach will read ‘Twas The Night Before Christmas at 11 a.m. Visit wpbid.com for more information.
Liam Davis will play at the piano bar at Underhills Crossing (74.5 Pondfield Road, Bronxville) from 6-11 p.m. Visit underhillscrossing.com for more information.
The 103rd annual Bronxville Village Christmas Pageant will take place at The Reformed Church of Bronxville (180 Pondfield Road, Bronxville) at 5:30 p.m. Visit reformedchurch.org for more information.
'Twas the Night Before Christmas, 88th Assembly District, A Fairytale Christmas Carol, Amy Paulin, Archbishop Stepinac High School, Baharat, Boniface Circle, Break Bread Not Hearts, Christmas, Christopher Agostino’s Story Faces – Tales of Transformation and Wonder, Christopher Brown Band, D’Amour Green, Deidre O'Mara School of Irish Dance, Flanders Warehouse, Growlers Beer Bistro, Hanukkah, Jeff Dawson, Jim Keyes, Joe Brefere, Johnnie Walker Blue, Julius Rodriguez, Lakeland Magic, Leslie Pintchik Trio, Liam Davis, Lisa Caccamise, Michelle DeAngelis, Mike LaMassa, Monica Judkins, NBA Developmental League, New Rochelle Little Beehive Market, Polar Express, Scarsdale, Sean Cantatore, St. Paul's Church and National Historic Site, Tappan Zee Bridgemen, The Back 2 Rock Music School, The Bartow-Pell Mansion Museum, The Carousel Dance Studio, The Community Church of the Pelhams, The Forever Young Singers, The Indoor Scarsdale Farmer's Market, The JCC of Mid-Westchester, The Katonah Celebration Ringers, The Lagond Music School, The Music Conservatory of Westchester, The Reformed Church of Bronxville, The Ritz-Carlton New York Westchester, The Rockin’ Winter Chicklets & Two Elves, The Westchester Chordsmen, The Westchester County Department of Senior Programs and Sevrices, The Westchester Knicks, The Westchester Sandbox Theatre, The White Plains Performing Arts Center, The Wisconsin Herd, Tom Roach, Tuckahoe, Underhills Crossing, White Plains, White Plains Education and Training Center, Winterfest, Zachys Leave a comment
The Holiday Season Continues In The 88th Assembly District
Hanukkah has begun and Christmas is right around the corner. While you’re celebrating, remember there are plenty of ways to enjoy the season in the cities, towns and villages of the 88th Assembly District. Here’s a closer look at some of the events that are taking place. Remember that if you have an event that you’d like me to include in the coming weeks, send the information to Paulina@NYAssembly.gov.
Patti Wood will address the Scarsdale Forum about the environment and health-related issues at the Scarsdale Library (54 Olmstead Road, Scarsdale) at 8 p.m. Refreshments will be served at 7:30 p.m. Wood will focus on the significant and growing use of pesticides and the link they have to health issues. Visit scarsdaleforum.com for more information.
The Beth-El Synagogue Center (1324 North Avenue, New Rochelle) will host Rabbi David Schuck and Rabbi Zach Sitkim along with Dr. Carol Diament for a 9:30-a.m. discussion that will compare Jerusalem in biblical and rabbinical sources with Jerusalem in modern Israeli literature. Visit bethelnr.org for more information.
The Bartow-Pell Mansion Museum (895 Shore Road, Pelham Bay Park) will host a Teddy Bear tea from 11:30 a.m.-1 p.m. Visit bartowpellmansionmuseum.org for more information.
Sarah Lawrence College (1 Mead Way, Bronxville) will present “A Gamelan Ensemble Performance” at 7 p.m. A gamelan angklung is a bronze orchestra that includes four-toned metallophones, gongs, drums, and flutes. Visit sarahlawrence.edu for more information.
Scarsdale Synagogue Temples Tremont and Emanu-El will host a Menorah Lighting Celebration at Stew Leonard’s (1 Stew Leonard Drive, Yonkers) at 5:30 p.m. There will be a traditional Chanukah* sing along followed by latkes, hot cocoa and jelly donuts. Visit sstte.org for more information.
Liz Kemble, the founder of Travellati Tours, will speak from 7-8 p.m. at The Pelham Library (530 Colonial Avenue, Pelham) about Picasso, Braque, Matisse and Gris and their time in Céret, a town in the French Pyrenees. Visit pelhamlibrary.org for more information.
The Bronxville Library (201 Pondfield Road, Bronxville) will continue its Thursday Matinee Movie Series with a 1:30-p.m. presentation of “Dolly Parton’s Christmas of Many Colors”. Visit bronxvillelibrary.org for more information.
The Westchester Sandbox Theatre will present “Once Upon A Hanukkah” at The JCC of Mid-Westchester (999 Wilmot Avenue, Scarsdale) at 7 p.m. There will also be shows at 1 and 4 p.m. on Sunday. Visit wstshows.com for more information.
The Westchester Reform Temple (255 Mamaroneck Road, Scarsdale) will host its annual Community Outdoor Chanukah Candle Lighting (Fourth Candle) at 6:15 p.m. Visit wrtemple.org for more information.
The Woman’s Club of White Plains (305 Ridgeway, White Plains) will hold its annual Holiday Boutique and Dinner from 6-8:30 p.m. There will be wine, shopping, dinner and more with the proceeds going to The Playgroup Theatre. Visit womansclubofwhiteplains.org for more information.
The Scarsdale Task Force on Drugs and Alcohol will hold a community meeting at Scarsdale high (1057Post Road, Scarsdale) beginning at 9 a.m. Visit scarsdaleschools.k12.ny.us/domain/764 for more information.
The Westchester Ballet Company will perform The Nutcracker at The Westchester County Center in White Plains at 10 a.m. There will also be shows on Saturday (12:30 and 4:30 p.m.) and Sunday (2 p.m.). Visit countycenter.biz for more information.
The Immaculate Heart of Mary Church (8 Carman Road, Scarsdale) will host its annual Christmas Fair between 8:45 a.m. and 3p.m. in the Lower Church. There will be shopping, a bake sale, games, food and more. Visit ihm-parish.org for more information.
Joey Berkley
Scarsdale Synagogue Temples Tremont and Emanu-El (2 Ogden Road, Scarsdale) will host “A Sermon in Song – Lighting Up The Darkness” Shabbat service in conjunction with Shaarei Tikvah from 8-9:30 p.m. The combined choirs of both congregations will perform. Visit sstte.org for more information.
Temple Israel of New Rochelle (1000 Pinebrook Boulevard, New Rochelle) will host a Community Shabbat Chanukah Dinner & Celebration at 7 p.m. Visit tinr.org for more information.
The Joey Berkley Quartet will perform at Alvin & Friends Restaurant (14 Memorial Highway, New Rochelle) from 7-10:30 p.m. Visit alvinandfriendsrestaurant.com for more information.
The Scarsdale Library (54 Olmstead Road, Scarsdale) will continue its Foreign Film Series with a 1:45-p.m. presentation of Lore, the story of five German children who undertake a journey of self-discovery after their staunch Nazi parents are captured by the Allies near the end of WWII. Visit scrasdalelibrary.org for more information.
The Playgroup Theatre (1 North Broadway, White Plains) will present “James and the Giant Peach” at 8 p.m. and on Sunday at 2 p.m. Visit playgroup.org for more information.
The Westchester Sandbox Theatre will present “A Fairytale Christmas Carol” at The JCC of Mid-Westchester (999 Wilmot Avenue, Scarsdale) at 4 p.m. and on Monday at 7:30 p.m. Visit wstshows.com for more information.
The Reformed Church of Bronxville (180 Pondfield Road, Bronxville) will hold its annual performance of Handel’s Messiah at 4 p.m. The performance will be led by four professional soloists from The Chancel Choir, along with the chamber orchestra featuring professionals and student musicians from Bronxville High School. Visit reformedchurch.org for more information.
The Westchester Reform Temple (255 Mamaroneck Road, Scarsdale) will host “Israel Conversation: Where are the Maccabees?” at 12:30 p.m. Visit wrtemple.org for more information.
The Bartow-Pell Mansion Museum (895 Shore Road, Pelham Bay Park) will host “Bartow’s Literary Elevenses” from 10-11:30 a.m. Museum guides Laura DeRiggi and Caitlyn Sellar will lead an historical-fiction book club. Visit bartowpellmansionmuseum.org for more information.
The St. Paul’s Church and National Historic Site (897 South Columbus Avenue, Mount Vernon) will participate in Wreaths Across America honoring military members who are buried on site at St. Paul’s in a noon ceremony. Visit nps.gov/sapa for more information.
GirlAgain (4 Martine Avenue, White Plains) will host a “Holiday Tote Craft Project” at 11 a.m. Make and decorate a doll-sized holiday purse for your American Girl doll. Visit girlagain.com for more information.
Twisted will perform at Growlers Beer Bistro (25 Main Street, Tuckahoe) at 9:30 p.m. Visit growlersbeerbistro.com for more information.
Chabad of Bronxville will be hosting a VIP Chanukah Reception in The Wine Cellar at The Tapp House (16 Depot Square, Tuckahoe) at 7 p.m. There will be menorah lighting, a latke bar, donuts and a comedy show. Visit jewishbronxville.com for more information.
Alvin & Friends Restaurant (14 Memorial Highway, New Rochelle) will hold its annual Holiday Boutique, featuring gifts from a variety of unique vendors, from noon-4 p.m. There will also be a Christmas craft corner where children can create doorstops for local seniors. All proceeds will go to WestCOP. The Peter Hand Trio will perform from 7:30-11 p.m. Visit alvinandfriendsrestaurant.com for more information.
The Westchester Italian Cultural Center (One Generoso Pope Place, Tuckahoe) will host Tombola Night from 7-9 p.m. Play the classic Italian game while enjoying wine and desserts. There will be raffles and more. Visit wiccny.org for more information.
The Scarsdale Library (54 Olmstead Road, Scarsdale) will host “Local Artist and Author Day” from 10 a.m.-2 p.m. More than a dozen local artists and authors will be on hand to discuss their work. Visit scarsdalelibrary.org for more information.
The Songcatchers 23rd annual Concert for Peace will take place at The College of New Rochelle Chapel (29 Castle Place, New Rochelle) at 4:30 p.m. Call (914) 654-1178 or e-mail songcatchers@gmail.com for more information.
The Reformed Church of Bronxville (180 Pondfield Road, Bronxville) will present The Christmas Handbell Concert at 4 p.m. There will be three handbell choirs, comprised of 40 ringers of all ages who will perform traditional and contemporary carols with bells, organ and congregational singing. Visit reformedchurch.org for more information.
The Grace Baptist Church (52 South 6th Avenue, Mount Vernon) will present Handel’s Messiah featuring the Grace Cathedral Choir and the Grace Christmas Orchestra at 6 p.m. Visit gracechurchtoday.org for more information.
The Community Unitarian Universalist Congregation at White Plains (468 Rosedale Avenue, White Plains) will present a Winter Chorale Concert featuring Vivaldi’s “Gloria” and other seasonal favorites at 12:30 p.m. Visit cucwp.org for more information.
Chabad of Pelham will host “A Chanukah Magical Spectacular” at The Daronco Townhouse (20 Fifth Avenue, Pelham) from 4-5:30 p.m. Devonte Magic will perform. There will also be a photo booth, food, games and more. Visit chabadpelham.com for more information.
The Pelham Jewish Center (451 Esplanade, Pelham) will host a Hanukkah Celebration, featuring The Dreamcoat Experience, from 1-3:00 p.m. Visit thepjc.org for more information.
The Symphony of Westchester will perform an All-Baroque Concert, featuring concertmaster Alexander Abayev performing Antonio Vivaldi’s The Four Seasons, at 3 p.m. in Iona College’s Murphy Auditorium (715 North Avenue, New Rochelle). Visit thesymphonyofwestchester.org for more information.
The Scarsdale Synagogue Temples Tremont and Emanu-El (2 Ogden Road, Scarsdale) will host “The Parents Circle For Non-Jewish Parents Raising Jewish Children” at 9:30 a.m. This month’s topic is “How to do Chanukah”. Visit sstte.org for more information.
The Scarsdale Library (54 Olmstead Road, Scarsdale) will host “The Scarsdale Writer’s Center Festival of Writing” from 11:30 a.m.-3:30 p.m. More than two dozen local writers will read from their work. Visit scarsdalelibrary.org for more information.
*Chanukah and Hanukkah are both accepted spellings for the holiday.
88th Assembly District, A Fairytale Christmas, Alvin & Friends Restaurant, Amy Paulin, Beth-El Synagogue Center, Boniface Circle, Braque, Caitlyn Sellar, Ceret, Chabad of Bronxville, Chabad of Pelham, Chanukah, Daronco Townhouse, Devonte Magic, Dolly Parton, Dr. Carol Diament, French Pyrenees, GirlAgain, Gris, Growlers Beer Bistro, Handel's Messiah, Hanukkah, Indoor Scarsdale Farmer's Market, Iona College, Israeli, James and the Giant Peach, Joey Berkley Quartet, Laura DeRiggi, Little Beehive Holiday Market, Liz Kemble, Macabees, Matisse, Mount Vernon, Patti Wood, Picasso, Rabbi David Schuck, Rabbi Zach Sitkim, Sarah Lawrence College, Scarsdale Forum, Scarsdale Synagogue Temples Tremont and Emanu-EL, St. Paul's Church and National Historic Site, Stew Leonard, Temple Israel of New Rochelle, The Bartow-Pell Mansion Museum, The Chancel Choir, The College of New Rochelle, The Community Unitarian Universalist Congregation, The Dreamcoat Experience, The Grace Baptist Church, The Immaculate Heart of Mary Church, The JCC of Mid-Westchester, The Nutcracker, The Pelham Jewish Center, The Peter Hand Trio, The Playgroup Theatre, The Reformed Church of Bronxville, The Scarsdale Task Force on Drugs and Alcohol, The Songcatchers, The Symphony of Westchester, The Tapp House, The Westchester Ballet Company, The Westchester County Center, The Westchester County Department of Senior Programs and Services, The Westchester Reform Temple, The Westchester Sandbox Theater, The Woman's Club of White Plains, Travellati Tours, WESTCOP Leave a comment
We kick off the holiday season this week with Thanksgiving. I hope everyone enjoys celebrating this uniquely American holiday with family and friends.
After the holiday, be sure to enjoy the sights and sounds of the 88th Assembly District. Here’s a closer look at some of the events that are taking place. Remember that if you have an event that you’d like me to include in the coming weeks, send the information to Paulina@NYAssembly.gov.
The Reformed Church of Bronxville (180 Pondfield Road, Bronxville) will host its annual Thanksgiving Dinner at 11:30 a.m. in Congregational Hall. All are welcome and volunteers are needed. Visit reformedchurch.org for more information.
The 5K New Rochelle Thanksgiving Day Run/Walk will kick off at 8:45 a.m. on Hamilton Avenue. Visit newroturkeytrot.com for more information.
The White Plains Performing Arts Center (11 City Place, White Plains) will present “Junie B. in Jingle Bells, Santa Smells”. Performances are at 11 a.m. and 2 p.m.
The White Plains Performing Arts Center will also present “Made in Puerto Rico”, a comedy written, directed and performed by Elizardi Castro, at 7:30 p.m. on Friday and Saturday. Visit wppac.com for more information.
The Thanksgiving Baseball Card Show will take place at The Westchester County Center in White Plains from 1-7 p.m. The show will also run on Saturday (10 a.m.-5 p.m.) and Sunday (10 a.m.-4 p.m.). Visit countycenter.biz for more information.
The Victor LaGamma Trio will perform at Alvin & Friends Restaurant (14 Memorial Highway, New Rochelle) from 7-10:30 p.m. Visit alvinandfriendsrestaurant.com for more information.
The Tuckahoe Department of Public Works (15 Marble Road, Tuckahoe) will host “Get Acquainted With Your DPW Day” from 10 a.m.-2 p.m. There will be demonstrations, environmental programs and more. Visit tuckahoe.com for more information.
John James and Laura Merrill will perform at Growlers Beer Bistro (25 Main Street, Tuckahoe) at 9:30 p.m. Visit growlersbeerbistro.com for more information.
The Westchester County Center in White Plains will host Irish Heritage Day 2017 from 2-8 p.m. There will be music, food, drinks, entertainment and more. Visit countycenter.biz for more information.
Saturday is Small Business Saturday. Remember to visit all the local shops in the cities, towns and villages of the 88th Assembly District. There will be free parking all day in White Plains. Visit https://www.sba.gov/about-sba/sba-initiatives/small-business-saturday for more information.
The Leslie Pintchik Trio will perform at Alvin & Friends Restaurant (14 Memorial Highway, New Rochelle) from 7:30-11 p.m. Visit alvinandfriendsrestaurant.com for more information.
The Pelham Civic Association will host the Pelham Half Marathon and 10K. The start and finish line is on Harmon Avenue in front of the gazebo. Check-in starts at 6 a.m. Visit pelhamhalf.com for more information.
Butterflies From Jodie will host its 17th annual cocktail party benefitting the Jodie Torigian Charitable Fund at Wykagyl Country Club (1195 North Avenue, New Rochelle) from 8 p.m.-midnight. Visit butterfliesfromjodie.org for more information.
The Tuckahoe Farmer’s Market will take place in Depot Square from 10 a.m. – 4p.m. Visit tuckahoe.com for more information.
The New York Metro Reptile Expo will take place at The Westchester County Center in White Plains from 9 a.m.-4 p.m. Visit reptileexpo.com for more information.
The Reptile Expo at The County Center
New Rochelle city historian Barbara Davis will present an overview of New Rochelle’s history at the New Rochelle Library (1 Library Plaza, New Rochelle) from 3-4 p.m. Visit nrpl.org for more information.
Lecturer Richard Knox will host “The Great American Songbook Part II” at the Eastchester Library (11 Oakridge Place, Eastchester) at 1:30 p.m. Visit eastchesterlibrary.org for more information.
88th Assembly District, Alvin & Friends Restaurant, Amy Paulin, Barbara Davis, Butterflies From Jodie, Eastchester Library, Elizardi Castro, Growlers Beer Bistro, Jodie Torigian Charitable Fund, John James, Laura Merrill, New Rochelle, Richard Knox, Thanksgiving, The Great American Songbook, The Leslie Pintchik Trio, The New York Metro Reptile Expo, The Pelham Civic Association, The Reformed Church of Bronxville, The Tuckaho Farmer's Market, The Tuckahoe Department of Public Works, The Victor LaGamma Trio, The Westchester County Center in White Plains, The White Plains Performing Arts Center, White Plains, Wykagyl Country Club Leave a comment
Enjoy The Pre-Holiday Weekend
The holiday season is almost here so before experiencing all the hustle and bustle, take some time this weekend to enjoy all the wonderful things to do and see in the cities, towns and villages of the 88th Assembly District.
Here’s a closer look at some of the events that are taking place. Remember that if you have an event that you’d like me to include in the coming weeks, send the information to Paulina@NYAssembly.gov.
The Beth-El Synagogue Center (1324 North Avenue, New Rochelle) will host Rabbi David Schuck and Rabbi Zach Sitkim along with Dr. Carol Diament for a 9:30-a.m. discussion that will compare Jerusalem in biblical and rabbinical sources with Jerusalem in modern Israeli literature. Visit bethelnr.org/limmud for more information.
The Scarsdale Farmer’s Market will conclude for the season from noon-7 p.m. in Boniface Circle (Scarsdale). Contact Susan Douglass at susandouglass@gmail.com for more information.
The Westchester Chess Club will meet at The Trinity Lutheran Church (25 Crane Road, Scarsdale) at 7:30 p.m. Visit westchesterchessclub.com for more information.
The City of New Rochelle will host its Senior Citizen Thanksgiving Luncheon from 11 a.m.- 2 p.m. at The Hugh Doyle Senior Center (94 Davis Avenue, New Rochelle). The lunch is free but you must register to attend. Visit newrochelleny.com for more information.
The Westchester Reform Temple (255 Mamaroneck Road, Scarsdale) will host a Lunch and Learn with award-winning author Ayelet Tsabari at noon. She will discuss the influence that her upbringing as an Israeli-Canadian born of a Yemenite Jewish family has on her writing. Visit wrtemple.org for more information.
The Scarsdale Forum will hold its annual meeting at 8 p.m. in the Scarsdale Library (54 Olmstead Road, Scarsdale). Scarsdale School Superintendent Dr. Thomas Hagerman and Scarsdale Board of Education member Bill Natbony will address issues regarding the district and answer questions. Visit scarsdaleforum.com for more information.
The White Plains Performing Arts Center (11 City Place, White Plains), in conjunction with the Westchester Sandbox Theater, will present “Willy Wonka, Jr.” at 7 p.m. on Thursday, on Saturday at 10 a.m. and on Sunday at 10:30 a.m., 1 p.m., 4 p.m. and 6:30 p.m. Visit wppac.com for more information.
The Westchester County Mobile Metro-Card Van will be at The White Plains Galleria Mall (Main Street and Martin Luther King Boulevard) from 2-3:30 p.m. to assist riders interested in purchasing MetroCards. Visit westchestergov.com for more information.
The Sarah Lawrence College Performing Arts Center Suzanne Werner Wright Theatre (1 Mead Way, Bronxville) will host “You For Me For You”, the story of North Korean sisters who defect and must find their way in the free world, at 7 p.m. There will also be shows on Friday at 7 p.m. and Saturday at 3 p.m. Visit sarahlawrence.edu for more information.
Clare Davies, the first curator of Middle Eastern Contemporary Art at The Met, will speak at Sarah Lawrence College from 6-7:30 p.m. about the job of finding contemporary artists from the Middle East, North Africa, and Turkey for the Metropolitan Museum collection, and will discuss some of The Met’s most recent acquisitions. Visit sarahlawrence.edu for more information.
Yan Kjar will man the piano bar at Underhills Crossing (74.5 Pondfield Road, Bronxville) from 7-11 p.m. Visit underhillscrossing.com for more information.
The Bronxville Library (201 Pondfield Road, Bronxville) will host its Thursday Matinee Movie Series with a 1:30 presentation of “How To Be A Latin Lover”. Visit bronxvillelibrary.org for more information.
The New Rochelle Down to Earth Farmer’s Market will take place at Huguenot Park at the corner of North Avenue and Eastchester Road at 8:30 a.m. and will stay open until 2:30 p.m. There will be produce, baked goods, cheese and more. Visit downtoearthmarkets.com for more information.
The League of Women Voters of New Rochelle will host a “Coffee and Conversation” with Jerry Bermingham, the executive vice president of development and acquisitions for Watermark Pointe, at 9:30 a.m. in the New Rochelle Public Library (1 Library Plaza, New Rochelle). He will be discussing the new development planned for the tip of Davenport Neck. Visit nrpl.org for more information.
The Bronxville Women’s Club (135 Midland Avenue, Bronxville) will continue The BWC Coffeehouse Music Series at 8:00 p.m. Check out great local musicians hosted by Al Hemberger. Visit bronxvillewomensclub.org for more information.
The Woman’s Club of White Plains (305 Ridgeway, White Plains) will host “A Book and Author Luncheon with Mary Beth Keane”, who penned Fever and The Walking People, at noon. Visit womansclubofwhiteplains.org for more information.
The Scarsdale Drama Club will present “Fiddler on the Roof” at Scarsdale High School (1057 Post Road Scarsdale) with performances at 7:30 p.m. on Friday and Saturday and 2 p.m. on Sunday. Visit https://www.eventbrite.com/e/fiddler-on-the-roof-tickets-37734932198 for tickets and more information.
The White Plains Performing Arts Center (11 City Place, White Plains) will present “Girls Night, The Musical” at 8 p.m. Visit wppac.com for more information.
The Westchester Knicks of the NBA Developmental League will take on the Greensboro Swarm in a 7-p.m. contest at The Westchester County Center in White Plains. Visit countycenter.biz for more information.
The Junior League of Central Westchester will host its 31st annual Holiday Boutique at The Scarsdale Golf Club (Club Way, Hartsdale) from 9 a.m.-9 p.m. Visit jlcentralwestchester.org for more information.
Scarsdale Synagogue Temple Tremont and Emanu-El (2 Ogden Road, Scarsdale) will host Tzedek Shabbat at 8 p.m. This service will be organized around combining social justice with prayer. This week’s installment will focus on preventing gun violence in America. The program will include information about current concerns as our prayers focus on how Jewish Tradition promotes peace and healing. Contact Karen Chapro at socialaction@sstte.org for more information.
Jazz pianist Donburn Wint will perform at Alvin & Friends Restaurants (14 Memorial Highway, New Rochelle) from 7-10:30 p.m. Visit alvinandfriendsrestaurant.com for more information.
Mark Toback will man the piano bar at Underhills Crossing (74.5 Pondfield Road, Bronxville) from 6-10 p.m. Visit underhillscrossing.com for more information.
The Friends of Eastchester Public Library Tag Sale will take place at Eastchester Library (11 Oakridge Place, Eastchester) on Friday and Saturday from 9:30 a.m.-4:30 p.m., on Sunday from 1:30-4:30 p.m. and Monday from 9:30 a.m.-2 p.m. Visit eastchesterlibrary.org for more information.
The 54th annual New Rochelle Thanksgiving Parade will take place at 10 a.m. The parade will proceed on North Avenue from Eastchester Road to Main Street and Maple Avenue. Visit newrochelleny.com for more information.
The New Rochelle Fund for Educational Excellence pancake breakfast will take place at New Rochelle High School (North and Braemer Avenues, New Rochelle) and will precede the parade from 8-9:30 a.m. Visit nredfund.org for more information.
St. Paul’s Church and National Historic Site (897 South Columbus Avenue, Mount Vernon) will host Professor Richard S. Fogarty of SUNY Albany as he discusses the challenges of America and World War I. Visit www.nps.gov/sapa for more information.
The Bronxville Farmer’s Market will take place at Stone Place and Paxton Avenue from 8:30 a.m.-1 p.m. Visit bronxvillefarmersmarket.com for more information.
The Bartow-Pell Mansion Museum (895 Shore Road, Pelham Bay Park) will host a pair of events. The Bartow’s Literary Elevenses will meet at 10 a.m. with museum guides Laura DeRiggi and Caitlyn Sellar leading the historical-fiction book club on an adventure regarding the book, “Marrying An English Lord”. Beyond the Oak Tree Treaty – Part IV will take place at 2 p.m. as part of Native American Heritage Month. Multicultural speaker, storyteller and poet Bobby González will lead the discussion. Visit bartowpellmansionmuseum.org for more information.
The Playgroup Theatre (One North Broadway, White Plains) will present Arthur Miller’s “The Crucible” at 8 p.m. and again on Sunday at 2 p.m.Visit playgroup.org for more information.
The Bronxville Women’s Club (135 Midland Avenue, Bronxville) will host pianist Margarita Schevchenko at 7:30 p.m. as part of The Midland Music Series. Visit bronxvillewomensclub.org for more information.
The New York Reading Foundation will host “A Night on the Town” at Mulino’s at Lake Isle Country Club (660 White Plains Road, Eastchester) from 7 p.m.-midnight. There will be live entertainment, food and a casino with the proceeds going to benefit Archbishop Stepinac High School in White Plains. Visit nyreadingfoundation.org for more information.
The White Plains Performing Arts Center (11 City Place, White Plains) will present “Ask Your Mama: 12 Moods For Jazz” by The Langston Hughes Project at 8 p.m. Visit wppac.com for more information.
The New Rochelle Thanksgiving Parade
GirlAgain (4 Martine Avenue, White Plains) will host Kit’s Thanksgiving Cornucopia Workshop at 11 a.m. Visit girlagain.com for more information.
Alex Cano will perform at Growlers Beer Bistro (25 Main Street, Tuckahoe) at 9:30 p.m. Visit growlersbeerbistro.com for more information.
The Westchester County Mobile Shredder will be in Bronxville on Palumbo Place behind Village Hall from 10 a.m.-1 p.m. Visit westchestergov.com for more information.
Mike LaMassa will man the piano bar at Underhills Crossing (74.5 Pondfield Road, Bronxville) from 8-11:55 p.m. Visit underhillscrossing.com for more information.
The Westchester Board of Rabbis and the Westchester Jewish Council will present “A Night of Jewish Learning and Celebration” at 7:30 p.m. at The Beth-El Synagogue Center (1324 North Avenue, New Rochelle). There will be food, music and more. Visit wjcouncil.org for more information.
The St. Thomas Orchestra’s 15th annual Fall Concert will take place at White Plains High School (550 North Street, White Plains) from 7:30-9:30 p.m. Visit storchestra.com for more information.
The 30th Anniversary Visionary Gala presented by The African-American Men of Westchester will take place at Glen Island Harbour Club (299 Weyman Avenue, New Rochelle) from 7-11:30 p.m. Visit https://www.eventbrite.com/e/30th-anniversary-visionary-gala-aamw-tickets-36948611291 for more information.
The ArtsWestchester Gala will take place from 6-11 p.m. at The Ritz-Carlton, Westchester (3 Renaissance Square, White Plains). The event will honor the innovators and builders who are working on the Governor Mario M. Cuomo Bridge. Visit artswestchester.org for more information.
The Tuckahoe Farmer’s Market will take place in Depot Square. The market is open every Sunday through the end of November from 10 a.m.-4 p.m. Visit tuckahoe.com for more information.
The New Rochelle Council on the Arts will premiere its documentary “40 Years of Making Music: The Story of Songcatchers” at 3 p.m. at the Ursuline Performing Arts Center (1354 North Avenue, New Rochelle). There will be a musical performance and reception to follow. Visit songcatchers.org for more information.
The Reformed Church of Bronxville (180 Pondfield Road, Bronxville) will host a 3 p.m. performance by The Chancel and Community Choir. Under the direction of Dr. Sándor Szabó, Minister of Music, the choir will perform Gabriel Fauré’s Requiem. Visit www.reformedchuch.org for more information.
Members of The Bronx Opera Company will give a 2-p.m. performance at The Bartow-Pell Mansion Museum (895 Shore Road, Pelham Bay Park). Visit bartowpellmansionmuseum.org for more information.
The Westchester Knicks of the NBA Developmental League will take on the Lakeland Magic in a 3-p.m. contest at The Westchester County Center in White Plains. Visit countycenter.biz for more information.
Joy Ladin will present “Meet Me at the Intersection of Trans and Jewish Identity” at 6 p.m. in the Sarah Lawrence College Titsworth Marjorie Leff Miller Lecture Hall (1 Mead Way, Bronxville). Ladin explores being trans and Jewish, speaking from her own personal experiences. Visit sarahlawrence.edu for more information.
Come to Kids’ Kloset, which is run by the Westchester Jewish Community Services, will be sorting and folding clothing donations at Kids’ Kloset (170 East Post Road, White Plains) from 11 a.m.-1 p.m. Visit jteenleadership.org for more information.
88th Assembly District, Alex Cano, Alvin & Friends Restaurant, Amy Paulin, Arthur Miller, ArtsWestchester, Ayelet Tsabari, Bobby Gonzalez, Bronxville, Bronxville Farmer's Market, Caitlyn Sellar, Clare Davies, Come to Kids Kloset, Davenport Neck, Donburn Wint, Dr. Carol Diament, Dr. Sandor Szabo, Dr. Thomas Hagerman, Fiddler on the Roof, Gabriel Fauré’s, GirlAgain, Glen Island Harbour Club, Governor Mario M. Cuomo Bridge, Greensboro Swarm, Growlers Beer Bistro, How To Be A Latin Lover, Israeli, Jerry Bermingham, Jerusalem, Joy Ladin, Lake Isle Country Club, Lakeland Magic, Laura DeRiggi, Margarita Schevchenko, Mark Toback, Marrying An English Lord, Mulino's, NBA Developmental League, New Rochelle Fund for Educational Excellence, new rochelle high school, North Africa, North Korean, Rabbi David Schuck, Rabbi Zach Sitkim, Sarah Lawrence College, Scarsdale, Scarsdale Board of Education, Scarsdale Forum, Scarsdale Golf Club, Songcatchers, St. Paul's Church and National Historic Site, Susan Douglass, Thanksgiving, The African-American Men of Westchester, The Bartow-Pell Mansion Musuem, The Beth-El Synagogue Center, The Bronx Opera Company, The Bronxville Women's Club, The BWC Coffeehouse Music Series, The Chancel and Community Choir, The City of New Rochelle, The Crucible, The Hugh Doyle Senior Center, The Junior League of Central Westchester, The Langston Hughes Project, The League of Women Voters of New Rochelle, The New Rochelle Down-to-Earth Farmer's Market, The New York Reading Foundation, The Playgroup Theatre, The Reformed Church of Bronxville, The Ritz-Carlton, The Scarsdale Drama Club, The Scarsdale Synagogue Temples Tremont and Emanu-El, The Tuckahoe Farmer's Market. The New Rochelle Council on the Arts, The Ursuline Performing Arts Center, The Westchester Board of Rabbis, The Westchester Chess Club, The Westchester County Department of Senior Programs and Services, The Westchester County Mobile Metro-Card Van, The Westchester County Mobile Shredder, The Westchester Jewish Council, The Westchester Reform Temple, The White Plains Galleria Mall, The White Plains Performing Arts Center, The Woman's Club of White Plains, Tuckahoe, Turkey, Underhills Crossing, Westchester, Westchester County Center, Westchester Jewish Community Services, Westchester Knicks, Westchester Sandbox Theater, WIlly Wonka, Yan Kjar Leave a comment
Wow! What A Weekend In The 88th Assembly District
It seems as if the weather has finally become more autumn-like and what better way to enjoy the season than to experience what the cities, towns and villages of the 88th Assembly District have to offer. It’s a jam-packed weekend with movies, discussions, music, benefits and more.
Here’s a closer look at some of the events that are taking place. Have a good weekend and remember that if you have an event that you’d like me to include in the coming weeks, send the information to Paulina@NYAssembly.gov.
The New Rochelle Police Foundation Annual Gala will take place at the Greentree Country Club (538 Davenport Avenue, New Rochelle) from 6-10 p.m. Call Barbara Cabrera at 914-654-2227 for more information.
The JCC of Mid-Westchester (999 Wilmot Road, Scarsdale) will show the documentary “Theodore Bikel: In the Shoes of Sholom Aleichem” at 10:30 a.m. Visit jccmw.org/adults/arts-talks/theodore-bikel-in-the-shoes-of-sholom-aleichem/ for more information.
The JCC of Mid-Westchester will also host a class “The Evolution of Zionism” beginning at 7 p.m. This is the first of a four-week program that will trace the concepts associated with Zionism from its origins with the ancient Hebrews through the fervent evangelical Zionism and the more recent Jewish messianic Zionism. Visit https://jccmw.ticketleap.com/evolution-of-zionism/details for more information.
The Scarsdale Farmer’s Market will take place from noon-7 p.m. in Boniface Circle (Scarsdale). This is a pilot program expected to last six to eight weeks. Contact Susan Douglass at susandouglass@gmail.com for more information.
The Beth-El Synagogue Center (1324 North Avenue, New Rochelle) will host Rabbi David Schuck and Rabbi Zach Sitkim along with Dr. Carol Diament for a 9:30 a.m. discussion that will pair Jerusalem in biblical and rabbinical sources with Jerusalem in modern Israeli literature. Visit bethelnr.org/limmud for more information.
The Chancel Choir of The Reformed Church of Bronxville (180 Pondfield Road, Bronxville) is hosting an open-invitation event for anyone interested in performing Fauré’s Requiem, on November 19. Sing Fauré’s sublime masterwork under the inspirational leadership of Dr. Sándor Szabó. Singers of all levels welcome. Rehearsals begin Thursday at 7:30 p.m. and will be held on Thursdays until the show. Visit reformedchurch.org for more information.
The Westchester Reform Temple (255 Mamaroneck Road, Scarsdale) will host the first installment of a five-week course entitled “Everything You Wanted To Know About Reform Judaism” at 9:30 a.m. Visit wrtemple.org for more information.
The Picture House (175 Wolfs Lane, Pelham) will present “Jungle”, the story of four travelers who set off into the heart of the Amazon rain forest, but what begins as a dream adventure quickly deteriorates into an utter nightmare. Yossi Ghinsberg, the subject of the film played by Daniel Radcliffe, will be on hand for a post-screening Q&A session. Visit thepicturehouse.org for more information.
The White Plains Performing Arts Center (11 City Place, White Plains) will present “Ghost The Musical” at 2 p.m. There will also be 8 p.m. performances on Friday and Saturday and a 2 p.m. matinee on Sunday. Visit wppac.com for more information.
The Sarah Lawrence College Performing Arts Center (1 Mead Way, Bronxville) will present “Harmless” at 7 p.m. on Friday and Saturday. It is physical theatre at its finest as it looks at the past and the future. Visit sarahlawrence.edu for more information.
Concordia College (171 White Plains Road, Bronxville) will host Dr. Charles Little, Curator Emeritus of Medieval Art and The Cloisters, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, at 7 p.m. as he discusses “Martin Luther and the Power of the Image”. Visit concordia-ny.edu for more information.
The Greenacres Neighborhood Association will host a 7-p.m. meeting with the Scarsdale Board of Education to discuss plans for the Greenacres Elementary School (41 Huntington Avenue, Scarsdale). The meeting, which is in the school gym, will feature a 45-minute presentation and a Q&A session. Visit scarsdaleschools.k12.ny.us/ for more information.
The Village of Pelham will host an 8 p.m. meeting at Village Hall (195 Sparks Avenue, Pelham) to discuss solarizing Pelham. Village officials are considering whether to incorporate Pelham into the Solarize Westchester Initiative. Call 914-738-2015 for more information.
The Westchester Review, a literary journal for Westchester, will host a 7-p.m. reading by local authors at The Scarsdale Library (54 Olmstead Road, Scarsdale). Visit scarsdalelibrary.org for more information.
Yan Kjar will perform at the piano bar at Underhills Crossing ( 74.5 Pondfield Road, Bronxville) from 7-10 p.m. Visit underhillscrossing.com for more information.
The St. Paul’s Church and National Historic Site (897 South Columbus Avenue, Mount Vernon) will host a candlelight tour and historical music presentation featuring the music of Linda Russell & Companie. Visit the graves of soldiers and civilians who participated in the American Revolution. Visit npsgov/sapa for more information.
Scarsdale Synagogue Temples Tremont and Emanu-El (2 Ogden Road, Scarsdale) will host its Brotherhood Dinner beginning with services at 6:15 p.m. The dinner will feature New York Times columnist Andrew Ross Sorkin and CNBC anchor Mark Hoffman. Visit sstte.org for more information.
The Bronxville Women’s Club (135 Midland, Avenue Bronxville) will continue its BWC Coffeehouse Music Series at 8 p.m. Don Lowe and Bruce T. Carroll are scheduled to perform. Al Hemberger hosts. Visit bronxvillewomensclub.org for more information.
Julius Rodriguez will be performing at Alvin & Friends restaurant (14 Memorial Highway, New Rochelle) from 7-10:30 p.m. Visit alvinandfriendsrestaurant.com for more information.
The League of Women Voters of New Rochelle will continue its Coffee and Conversation Series at the New Rochelle Library (1 Library Plaza, New Rochelle) from 9:30-11 a.m. with Jerry Bermingham, the executive vice president of development and acquisitions for National Realty and Development Corp. His company is the developer of the Watermark Pointe, formerly known as Beckwithe Pointe, condominium project and he will answer any questions pertaining to the project. Visit nrpl.org for more information.
Mike LaMassa will perform at the piano bar at Underhills Crossing ( 74.5 Pondfield Road, Bronxville) from 8-11:55 p.m. Visit underhillscrossing.com for more information.
The New Rochelle Grand Market Downtown will take place at 1 Library Plaza at 9 a.m. The market, which will remain open until 2 p.m., will feature fresh produce, baked goods, honey, crafts and more. Visit newrochelledowntown.com for more information.
The Lincoln Park Community Garden (Lincoln Avenue, New Rochelle) will host Yoga in the Garden with Yogi Ashley at 10 a.m. Visit newrochelleny.com for more information.
The St. Paul’s Church and National Historic Site (897 South Columbus Avenue, Mount Vernon) will commemorate the Battle of Pell’s Point with an encampment at 10 a.m. There will be music, craft, games and more. Visit npsgov/sapa for more information.
The Bartow-Pell Mansion Museum (895 Shore Road, Pelham Bay Park) will host Bartow’s Literary Elevenses, the museum’s historical fiction book club, for a 10-a.m. discussion about Jane Austen’s Northanger Abbey. Visit bartowpellmansionmuseum.org for more information.
The Woman’s Club of White Plains (305 Ridgeway, White Plains) will host “What’s It Worth” from 10 a.m.-1 p.m. Bring your antiques and valuables to be evaluated by The Skinner Auction House of New York City. Visit womansclubofwhiteplains.org for more information.
The Westchester Wine and Chocolate Festival will take place at The Westchester County Center in White Plains from 2-5 p.m. and 6-9 p.m. Visit countycenter.biz for more information.
The Westchester County mobile shredder will be in Tuckahoe in the Lake Avenue Commuter Lot from 10 a.m.-1 p.m. Visit westchestergov.com for more information.
The band Twisted will perform at Growlers Beer Bistro (25 Main Street, Tuckahoe) at 9:30 p.m. Visit growlersbeerbistro.com for more information.
Concordia College (171 White Plains Road, Bronxville) will present “A Night of Reformation” as part of its Hock Chamber Music Series at 7 p.m. Visit concordia-ny.edu for more information.
Comedian Joey Kala will perform at Rockwells (105 Wolfs Lane, Pelham) at 9:30 p.m. Visit rockwellsusa.net for more information.
The Concert of Many Voices will take place at Iona College’s Christopher Murphy Auditorium (715 North Avenue, New Rochelle) at 7:30 p.m. Visit iona.edu for more information.
The Peter Hand Trio will be performing at Alvin & Friends restaurant (14 Memorial Highway, New Rochelle) from 7:30-11 p.m. Alvin and Friends will also be presenting “An Evening With Ivery Bell” from 7-10 p.m. Bell is the former lead singer of Blue Magic, The Delfonics and The Moment of Truth. Visit alvinandfriendsrestaurant.com for more information.
The City of New Rochelle will host “Festa Italiana” at The Hugh Doyle Senior Center (94 Davis Avenue, New Rochelle) from 12:30-3:30 p.m. There will be food, music and more. Visit newrochelleny.com for more information.
The Tuckahoe History Committee will meet on the second floor of Tuckahoe Village Hall (65 Main Street, Tuckahoe) for a presentation entitled “Mini Marble Museum”, which will run from 10 a.m.-3 p.m. Visit tuckahoe.com for more information.
The New Rochelle Public Library (1 Library Plaza, New Rochelle) will host “A Moveable Feast” from 6-10 p.m. It’s the NRPL Foundation’s Fall Fundraising Dinner that will have guests hopping from floor to floor in the library. The Blue Vipers of Brooklyn are scheduled to perform. Visit nrplfoundation.org for more information.
The Junior League of Pelham will hold its monthly arts and crafts events for children ages 5 and older at Pelham Library (530 Colonial Avenue, Pelham). Visit pelhamlibrary.org for more information.
Dannis Winston will perform at the piano bar at Underhills Crossing ( 74.5 Pondfield Road, Bronxville) from 8-11:55 p.m. Visit underhillscrossing.com for more information.
Beth-El Synagogue Center (1324 North Avenue, New Rochelle) will host an opening reception for the exhibit entitled “The Dreamcatchers and the Kahnstructions”. The exhibit, which will run at the synagogue’s Kanner-Kurson Museum through Nov. 26, features the work of 96-year-old Marcia Kahn. Visit bethelnr.org for more information.
The grow! Lincoln Park Community Garden fundraiser will take place at Jolo’s Restaurant (49 Lawton Street, New Rochelle) from 4-7 p.m. Call Amy Ehrlich or Linda Tarrant-Reid at 914-224-4243 for more information.
The 66th annual Scarsdale Halloween window painting contest will take place from 9 a.m.-4 p.m. Visit
Marcia Kahn sculpture
scarsdale.com/recreation.
The Eastchester Farmer’s Market will take place in the parking lot of Country Markets of Westchester (344 White Plains Road, Eastchester) from 10 a.m.-3 p.m. The Farmer’s Market will run through mid-October. Visit facebook.com/EastchesterFarmersMarket for more information.
The White Plains Historical Society will commemorate the 241st anniversary of The Battle of White Plains at the Jacob Purdy House National Historic Site (60 Park Avenue, White Plains) from 10 a.m.-3 p.m. The Revolutionary War campsite will open at 10 a.m. and the flag-raising and roll of honor will take place at 1 p.m. Call 914-328-1776 or write to info@whiteplainshistory.org for information.
The Westchester Reform Temple (255 Mamaroneck Road, Scarsdale) will host Aging Well, the first in a three-part series about aging with dignity and caring for older family members. The presentation begins at 10 a.m. Visit wrtemple.org for more information.
The New Westchester Symphony Orchestra will perform at The Memorial United Methodist Church (250 Bryant Avenue, White Plains) at 3 p.m. Visit newsymphony.org for more information.
Westchester Moves For Puerto Rico: A Zumba Fundraising Event for the Victims of Hurricane Maria will take place at the JCC of Mid-Westchester (999 Wilmot Road, Scarsdale) from 12:30-3 p.m. Visit https:moveforpr.ticketleap.com/zumba for more information.
The Chris Conte Quartet will perform at The Bronxville Library (201 Pondfield Road, Bronxville) at 3 p.m. Visit bronxvillelibrary.org for more information.
The Bronxville Chamber of Commerce will host The Children’s Halloween Festival in Leonard Morange Square between the Bronxville train station and Parkway Road from noon- 4 p.m. There will be rides, music, ponies, food and more. Visit bronxvillechamber.com for more information.
88th Assembly District, Al Hemberger, Alvin & Friends, Amazon, Amy Paulin, Andrew Ross Sorkin, Barbara Cabrera, Bartow-Pell Mansion Museum, Battle of Pell's Point, Beckwithe Point, Beth-El Synagogue Center, Bronxville, Bronxville Chamber of Commerce, Bronxville Farmer's Market, Bruce T. Carroll, Chris Conte Quartet, CNBC, Concordia College, Dannis Winston, Don Lowe, Dr. Carol Diament, Dr. Charles Little, Dr. Sandor Szabo, Faure, Festa Italiana, Ghost The Musical, Greenacres Neighborhood Association, Growlers Beer Bistro, Hugh Doyle Senior Center, Huguenot Park, Hurricane Maria, Iona College, Israeli, Ivery Bell, Jacob Purdy House National Historic Site, Jane Austen, Jerry Bermingham, Joe Kala, JoLo's Restaurant, Julius Rodriguez, Leonard Morange Square, Linda Russell and Company, Marcia Kahn, Mark Hoffman, Martin Luther, Mike LaMassa, National Realty and Development Corp., New Rochelle, New York Times, Northanger Abbey, Pelham, Purto Rico, Rabbi David Schuck, Rabbi Zach Sitkim, Rockwell's, Sarah Lawrence College, Scarsdale Board of Education, Scarsdale Library, Sholom Aleichem, Solarize Westchester Initiative, St. Paul's Church and National Historic Site, The Battle of White Plains, The Blue Vipers of Brooklyn, The Bronxville Women's Club, The Chancel Choir, The CLoisters, The Concert of Many Voices, The Eastchester Farmer's Market, The Greentree Country Club, The JCC of Mid-Westchester, The Junior League of Pelham, The Lincoln Park Community Garden, The Memorial United Methodist Church, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, The New Rochelle Down-to-Earth Farmer's Market, The New Rochelle Grand Market Downtown, The New Rochelle Police Foundation, The New Rochelle Public Library Foundation, The New Westchester Symphony Orchestra, The Peter Hand Trio, The Picture House, The Reformed Church of Bronxville, The Scarsdale Farmer's Market, The Scarsdale Synagogue Temples Tremont and Emanu-El, The Skinner Auction House, The Tuckahoe Farmer's Market, The Tuckahoe History Committee, The Village of Pelham, The Westchester Chess Club, The Westchester County Department of Senior Programs and Services, The Westchester Reform Temple, The Westchester Review, The Westchester Wine and Chocolate Festival, The White Plains Historical Society, The White Plains Performing Arts Center, The Woman's Club of White Plains, Theodore Bikel, Trinity Lutheran Church, Tuckahoe, Underhills Crossing, Watermark Point, Westchester County Center, Yan Kjar, Yogi Ashley Leave a comment
Enjoying What Will Be A Very Busy Weekend
What a busy weekend we have ahead of us in the 88th Assembly District. There are movies, benefits, celebrations and much more to see and do. And, it’s Friday the 13th, so grab your rabbit’s foot and enjoy the weekend.
The Manor Club (1023 Esplanade, Pelham Manor) will present “Saving Radio City Music Hall – A Dancer’s True Story” at 7:30 p.m. There will be a book signing and a discussion by Rosie Novellino-Mearns. Visit themanorclubofpelham.org for more information.
The Woman’s Club of White Plains (305 Ridgeway, White Plains) will host “Think Pink”, an evening of networking combined with a 30-minute breast and ovarian health educational workshop, at 7:30 p.m. Visit womansclubofwhiteplains.org for more information.
Local author and educator William Meyer will be at Barnes & Noble (680 Post Road, Scarsdale) at 7 p.m. to discuss his book The Search for the Lost Prophecy. Visit https://stores.barnesandnoble.com/event/9780061891008-0 for more information.
Sarah Lawrence College (1 Mead Way, Scarsdale) will present “The Inaugural Year: Good Morning Mission Hill”, a documentary about successful urban school teachers, at 5 p.m. Visit sarahlawrence.edu for more information.
The Picture House (175 Wolfs Lane, Pelham) will show an advance screening of The Smog of the Sea, which covers a one-week journey through the Sargasso Sea, at 7:30 p.m. followed by a discussion with photojournalist Hillary Hauser. Visit thepicturehouse.org for more information.
Rockwell’s (105 Wolfs Lane, Pelham) will host a special Ladies Night as part of a Girl Scout charity event beginning at 7 p.m. Comediennes Marla Schultz, Patty Rosborough and Jackie Saril are scheduled to appear. All proceeds will benefit Girl Scout Troop 1662 for its trip to help an orphanage in Guatemala. Visit rockwellsusa.net for more information.
Jeff Dawson will perform at Underhills Crossing (74.5 Pondfield Road, Bronxville) piano bar from 7-11 p.m. Visit underhillscrossing.com for more information.
The Scarsdale Library (54 Olmstead Road, Scarsdale) will host The Scarsdale Literary Salon at 7:30 p.m. Discuss the works of five writers and their vision from different parts of the world. Visit thescarsdalesalon.wordpress.com for more information.
The Immaculate Heart of Mary Church (8 Carman Road, Scarsdale) will host a wine-tasting event at 7:30 p.m. Visit ihm-parish.org for more information.
The White Plains Performing Arts Center (11 City Place, White Plains) will present “Ghost The Musical” at 8 p.m. There will also be an 8 p.m. performance on Saturday and a 2 p.m. matinee on Sunday. Visit wppac.com for more information.
The Bronxville Sidewalk Sale will kick off at 10 a.m. and run through 6 p.m. on Friday and Saturday. Visit bronxvillechamber.com for more information.
Dannis Watson will perform at Underhills Crossing (74.5 Pondfield Road, Bronxville) piano bar from 8-11:55 p.m. Visit underhillscrossing.com for more information.
The Bereavement Center of Westchester will host a “Treemiere” at Sarah Lawrence College (1 Mead Way, Bronxville) at 6:30 p.m. The film “Wonderstruck”, based on the book by Brian Selznick, will be shown. Selznick will also be on hand to introduce the film. Visit treemiere.brownpapertickets.com/ for more information.
The City School District of New Rochelle and the New Rochelle Youth Bureau will host a Hispanic Heritage Month Celebration at New Rochelle High School (265 Clove Road, New Rochelle) at 5:30 p.m. There will be poetry, music, dancing and more. Visit newrochelleny.com for more information.
The 2nd Friday Book Club will meet at the Pelham Library (530 Colonial Avenue, Pelham) at 10:30 a.m. to discuss “The Guernsey Literary and Potato Peel Pie Society” by Mary Ann Shaffer and Annie Barrows. Visit pelhamlibrary.org for more information.
The Scarsdale Library (54 Olmstead Road, Scarsdale) will continue its Foreign Film series at 1:45 p.m. with a showing of the critically acclaimed “After The Storm”. Visit scarsdalelibrary.org for more information.
The Scarsdale Woman’s Club (37 Drake Road, Scarsdale) will hold a Tag & Book Sale from 11 a.m.-3 p.m. in The Carriage House, which is located behind the historic clubhouse (37 Drake Road, Scarsdale). Proceeds will be donated to local charities. Visit scarsdalewomansclub.org for more information.
The Walkabout Creek Clearwater Coffeehouse Music Series returns to The Memorial United Methodist Church (250 Bryant Avenue, White Plains) at 7:30 p.m. when Grammy nominee John McCutcheon performs. Visit walkaboutclearwater.org for more information.
The Bartow-Pell Mansion Museum (895 Shore Road, Pelham Bay Park) will participate in Open House New York, a program that unlocks the doors of New York’s most important buildings, from noon-4 p.m. The program will continue from noon-4 p.m. on Sunday. Visit bartowpellmansionmuseum.org for more information.
GirlAgain (4 Martine Avenue, White Plains) will host “Fall Doll T-Shirt Design” at 11 a.m. Create a one-of-a-kind t-shirt for your American Doll. Visit girlagain.com for more information.
The band IBEX will perform at Growlers Beer Bistro (25 Main Street, Tuckahoe)at 9:30 p.m. Visit growlersbeerbistro.com for more information.
The Yards for Yeardley Road Race, sponsored by the Bronxville Chamber of Commerce, will take place at 9 a.m. beginning at the Meadow Avenue School. Registration begins at 7:45 a.m. Visit bronxvillechamber.org for more information.
St. Paul’s Church and National Historic Site (897 South Columbus Road, Mount Vernon) will host The Charles Rhymer Trio for a 1 p.m. jazz concert. Visit www.nps.gov/sapa for more information.
The Picture House (175 Wolfs Lane, Pelham) will show the documentary The Paris Opera at 7:30 p.m. followed by a discussion with writer-actor-director Jean-Stéphane Bron. Visit thepicturehouse.org for more information.
The Pelham Children’s Center (20 Fifth Avenue, Pelham) will host its annual Pumpkin festival and 5K Run beginning at 8 a.m. Visit pelhamchidlrenscenter.org for more information.
The Junior League of Pelham will hold its Oktoberfest from 4-8 p.m. at Fisherman’s Net (129 6th Street, Pelham). Visit jlpelham.org for more information.
Mike LaMassa will perform at Underhills Crossing (74.5 Pondfield Road, Bronxville) piano bar from 8-11:55 p.m. Visit underhillscrossing.com for more information.
The Leslie Pintchik Trio will perform at Alvin & Friends Restaurant (14 Memorial Highway, New Rochelle) from 7-11 p.m. Visit alvinandfriendsrestaurant.com for more information.
Scarsdale Fire Station 3 (56 Crossway, Scarsdale) will host a “Fire Fair” in conjunction with Fire Prevention Month from 10 a.m.-2 p.m. rain or shine. Visit scarsdale.com/165/Fire-Department for more information.
The City of White Plains will host the Legends Doubles Tennis Tournament at Gillie Park (85 Gedney Way, White Plains) beginning at 9 a.m. on Saturday and Sunday. Visit cityofwhiteplains.com for more information.
The City of White Plains Youth Bureau, in conjunction with My Brother’s Keeper, will host a showing of “Marshall”, the story of Thurgood Marshall, at White Plains City Center 15 – Cinema de Lux (19 Mamaroneck Avenue, White Plains) at 10 a.m. Visit cityofwhiteplains.com for more information.
The New Rochelle Fire Department’s annual Golden Oldies Concert will take place at New Rochelle High School (265 Clove Road, New Rochelle) at 7 p.m. The Cookies and Barbara Harris are among those scheduled to perform. Visit newrochelleny.com for more information.
The Scarsdale Library (54 Olmstead Road, Scarsdale) will host “A Taste of Korea” where members of the Korean Spirit and Culture Promotion Project demonstrate how to cook healthy and delicious Korean food. Visit scarsdalelibrary.org for more information.
The Bronxville Women’s Club (135 Midland Avenue, Bronxville) will host a “Children’s Recital” at 2 p.m. Children from the Westchester area will be performing on the BWC Stage in a free concert. Visit bronxvillewomensclub.org for more information.
The Scarsdale Fall Festival will take place at The Scarsdale Pool Complex (311 Mamaroneck Road, Scarsdale) at 1 p.m. Visit weinbergmaturecenter.org for more information.
The Rotary Club of the Pelhams will host Tastings XIII, a sampling from some of the finest restaurants in the area, at 4 p.m. at the Pelham Country Club (940 Wynnewood Road, Pelham). The event, which will also feature music by the Pelham Jazz Ensemble, will serve as the rotary’s primary fundraiser. Visit pelhamrotary.com for more inform ation.
The Friends of the Eastchester Library (11 Oakridge Place, Eastchester) will host a craft fair from 1-4 p.m. Visit eastchesterlibrary.org for more information.
The AJC Westchester/Fairfield’s Interfaith Committee will meet at Calvary Baptist Church (188 Orawaupum Street, White Plains) at 11 a.m. to continue its Sacred Spaces program. Visit ajc.org/westchester for more information.
The Greenacres Neighborhood Association will host its 4th annual Great Greenacres Pancake Breakfast from 8:30-10 a.m. at the Greenacres Field in Scarsdale. Visit greenacres10583.com for more information.
The Scarsdale Synagogue Temples Tremont and Emanu-El (2 Ogden Road, Scarsdale) will host its annual Fall Mah-Jongg Tournament from 9 a.m.-6 p.m. Visit sstte.org for more information.
Guitarist Stuart Webber will perform at The New Rochelle Public Library (1 Library Plaza, New Rochelle) at 3 p.m. Visit nrpl.org for more information.
The Scarsdale Library (54 Olmstead Road, Scarsdale) will present “Freeing David McCallum: The Last Miracle of Rubin Hurricane Carter” from 2-4 p.m. Visit scarsdalelibrary.org for more information.
2nd Friday Book Club, After the Storm, Alvin & Friends Restaurant, Annie Barrows, Barbara Harris, Barnes & Noble, Brian Selznick, Bronxville, Bronxville Chamber of Commerce, Bronxville Women's Club, David McCallum, Depot Square, Eastchester Farmer's Market, Fisherman's Net, Ghost The Musical, Gillie Park, GirlAgain, Growlers Beer Bistro, Gutemala, Hillary Hauser, Hispanic Heritage Month, IBEX, Jackie Saril, Jean-Stéphane Bron, Jeff Dawson, John McCutcheon, Leslie Pintchik Trio, Marla Schultz, Mary Ann Shaffer, Mount Vernon, New Rochelle Public Library, New Rochelle Youth Bureaur, Patty Rosborough, Pelham, Pelham Manor, Radio City Music Hall, Rockwell's, Rosie Novellino-Mearns, Rubin Hurricane Carter, Sarah Lawrence College, Sargasso Sea, Scarsdale, Scarsdale Fire Station, Scarsdale Synagogue Temples Tremont and Emanu-EL, Scarsdale Woman's Club, St. Paul's Church and National Historic Site, Stuart Webber, The Bartow-Pell Mansion Museum, The Bereavement Center of Westchester, The Bronxville Farmer's Market, The City of White Plains Youth Bureau, The Cookies, The Greenacres Neighborhood Association, The Guernsey Literary and Potato Peel Pie Society, The Immaculate Heart of Mary Church, The Junior League of Pelham, The Lincoln Park Community Garden, The Manor Club, The Memorial United Methodist Church, The New Rochelle Grand Market Downtown, The Paris Opera, The Picture House, The Rotary Club of the Pelhams, The Scarsdale Library, The Scarsdale Literary Salon, The Search for the Lost Prophecy, The Smog of the Sea, The Trinity Lutheran Church, The Walkabout Creek Clearwater Coffeehouse, The Westchester Chess Club, The Westchester County Department of Senior Programs and Services, The White Plains Performing Arts Center, The Woman's Club of White Plains, Think Pink, Thurgood Marshall, Tuckahoe Farmer's Market, Underhill Crossing, White Plains, William Meyer, Wonderstruck, Yards for Yeardley, Yogi Ashley Leave a comment
Food, Festivals, Parades And More This Weekend In The 88th Assembly District
Fall is in full swing and what better way to enjoy the change in seasons than to enjoy all the 88th Assembly District has to offer. There are plenty of festivals this weekend that will feature a great deal of food and music.
The Scarsdale Farmer’s Market will make its debut from noon-7 p.m. in Boniface Circle (Scarsdale). This is a pilot program expected to last six to eight weeks. Contact Susan Douglass at susandouglass@gmail.com for more info rmation.
Author Alexandria Marzano-Lesnevich will host a 2 p.m. discussion about her book, The Fact of a Body: A Murder and a Memoir, at Sarah Lawrence College (1 Mead Way, Bronxville). Visit sarahlawrence.edu for more information.
The After-Dark Book Club will meet at The Pelham Library (530 Colonial Avenue, Pelham) at 7:30 p.m. to discuss The Whistling Season by Ivan Doig. Visit pelhamlibrary.org for more information.
The My Brother’s Keeper New Rochelle’s Implicit Bias Presentation will take place at New Rochelle High School (265 Clove Road, New Rochelle) from 5:30-7 p.m. Contact info@mbknewrow.com for more information.
The Bartow-Pell Mansion Museum (895 Shore Road, Pelham Bay Park) will continue its “First Friday! Music & Trolley” program from 5:30-8:30 p.m. The trolley will make hourly trips from Pelham Bay Park to City Island and back. Songstress Queen Esther is scheduled to perform. Visit bartowpellmansionmuseum.org for more informa tion.
The Manor Club (1023 Esplanade, Pelham Manor) will host a Texas Barbeque and Line Dancing at 7:30 p.m. Visit themanorclubofpelham.org for more information.
The Fall Classic Baseball Card Show will take place at The Westchester County Center from 2-8 p.m. The show will continue on Saturday (10 a.m.-5 p.m.) and Sunday (10 a.m.-4 p.m.). Visit countycenter.biz for more information.
The New Rochelle/Pelham ArtsFest kicks off and runs through Sunday evening. There are a whole host of events throughout the weekend ranging from an Oktoberfest to music. Visit newrochellearts.org for more information.
Alvin & Friends Restaurant (14 Memorial Highway, New Rochelle) will help kick off ArtsFest with “Wine and Art With Alvin”. Visit alvinandfriendsrestaurant.com for more information.
The New Rochelle Library (1 Library Plaza, New Rochelle) will host The Friends Big Book Sale beginning at 10 a.m. Visit nrpl.org for more information.
The Lord and Andra Art Gallery (10 Division Street, New Rochelle) will host an opening and artist’s reception for the exhibit “Big Action in Small Spaces” at 3 p.m. Contact ldavis@newrochelleny.com for more information.
The Eastchester Columbus Day Carnival will kick off at 6 p.m. at Lake Isle Country Club (660 White Plains Road, Eastchester) and continue through 11 p.m. The DJ Dance Party begins at 8 p.m. Visit eastchestercolumbusday.org for more information.
The Wall Street Rides Far Bike-a-thon for autism research will take place at Saxon Woods Golf Course (1800 Mamaroneck Avenue, White Plains) beginning with a 6:30 a.m. check-in. Visit wallstreetridesfar.org for more information.
Lehman College professor Duane Tananbaum will chronicle the career of Herbert H. Lehman, former New York Governor and Senator, at the St. Paul’s Church and National Historic Site (897 South Columbus Avenue, Mount Vernon) at 1 p.m. Visit nps.gov/sapa for more information.
The Bartow-Pell Mansion Museum (895 Shore Road, Pelham Bay Park) will host the “Fall Into Fall Harvest Festival” from noon-4 p.m. There will be music, games, crafts, food and fresh cider. Visit bartowpellmansionmuseum.org for more information.
The Bronxville Women’s Club (135 Midland Avenue, Bronxville) will host The Olympus Piano Trio as part of the Midland Music Series at 7:30 p.m. Visit bronxvillewomensclub.org for more information.
Supersonic Octopus will perform at Growlers Beer Bistro (25 Main Street, Tuckahoe) at 9:30 p.m. Visit growlersbeerbistro.com for more information.
The Trinity St. Paul Church (311 Huguenot Street, New Rochelle) will celebrate Women’s Day with an Afternoon of Talk and Tea from 2-5 p.m. Visit trinitystpaul.org for more information.
Alvin & Friends Restaurant (14 Memorial Highway, New Rochelle) in conjunction with Musician’s Aid Society of New York will host “Jazz Cats for Kids”, an afternoon of jazz education for children and families, at 1 p.m. Visit alvinandfriendsrestaurant.com for more information.
ArtsWestchester (31 Mamaroneck Avenue, White Plains) will hold an opening reception for “Give Us The Vote”, which was inspired by by the 100th anniversary of women’s suffrage in New York State, from 3-6 p.m. Visit artswestchester.org for more information.
grow! The Lincoln Park 6th Annual Arts & Cultural Fest will take place at Lincoln Park (Lincoln Avenue, New Rochelle) from noon-5 p.m. There will be food, dancing, music and more. Visit newrochelleny.com for more information.
The Eastchester Columbus Day Carnival continue at 1 p.m. at Lake Isle Country Club (660 White Plains Road, Eastchester) and continue through 11 p.m. There will be a meatball contest at 6 p.m. followed by a wine contest. The band FDR Drive is also scheduled to perform at 6 p.m. Visit eastchestercolumbusday.org for more information.
The Manor Club (1023 Esplanade, Pelham Manor) will host an art show and opening reception for an exhibition of Beryl Watson’s work from 4-6 p.m. Visit themanorclubofpelham.org for more information.
The Immaculate Heart of Mary Church (8 Carman Road, Scarsdale) will host a blood drive from 9 a.m.-3 p.m. Visit ihm-parish.org for more information.
Sarah Lawrence College (1 Mead Way, Bronxville) will present “Horse Girls”, a dark comedy about a girls horse club, at 7 p.m. Visit sarahlawrence.edu for more information.
The ninth annual White Plains Oktoberfest will place from 1-6 p.m. on Mamaroneck Avenue. There will be food, drinks, music and more. Visit wpbid.com for more information.
The New Rochelle Foodfest will kick off and run through Oct. 19. More than two dozen city restaurants will participate. Visit newrochelleny.com/foodfest for more information.
Westchester Amateur Musicians Orchestra
The Westchester Amateur Musicians Orchestra will perform a 2 p.m. concert at The Scarsdale Library (54 Olmstead Road, Scarsdale). Visit scarsdalelibrary.org for more information.
The 10th annual Paine to Pain Trail Half Marathon will start at The Thomas Paine Cottage (20 Sicard Avenue, New Rochelle) at 9 a.m. Visit painetopain.com for more information.
The Eastchester Columbus Day Carnival and Parade continues at 1 p.m. at Lake Isle Country Club (660 White Plains Road, Eastchester) and continue through 11 p.m. The Eastchester Columbus Day Parade will begin at 3:30 p.m. at The Immaculate Conception Church and head to Dempsey Place to Main Street. The route will travel north on Main Street to White Plains Road and continue to Lake Isle Country Club. There will also be a concert by Francesco Castiglione at 6 p.m. followed by a Grucci fireworks show. Visit eastchestercolumbusday.org for more information.
The Eastchester Columbus Day Carnival concludes at Lake Isle Country Club (660 White Plains Road, Eastchester) from 1-6 p.m. The Dixieland Express Jazz Band will perform at 3 p.m. Visit eastchestercolumbusday.org for more information.
The City of New Rochelle will host a 3:30 p.m. ceremony at Hudson Park (1 Hudson Park Road, New Rochelle) to commemorate Columbus Day. Call 914-654-2117 for more information.
88th Assembly District, Alexandria Marzano-Lesnevich, Alvin & Friends Restaurant, Amy Paulin, ArtsWestchester, Beryl Watson, Boniface Circle, Columbus Day, Dixieland Express Jazz Band, Duane Tananbaum, Eastchester, Francesco Castiglione, grow! The Lincoln Park 6th Annual Arts & Cultural Fest, Growlers Beer Bistro, Grucci, Herbert H. Lehman, Horse Girls, Hudson Park, Huguenot Park, Ivan Doig, Jazz Cats for Kids, Lake Isle Country Club, Lehman College, Midland Music Series, Mount Vernon, new rochelle high school, New Rochelle/Pelham ArtsFest, Paine to Pain Half Marathon, Pelham Library, Pelham Manor, Queen Esther, Sarah Lawrence College, Saxon Woods Golf Course, Scarsdale, St. Paul's Church and National Historic Site, Supersonic Octopus, The After Dark Book Club, The Bartow-Pell Mansion Museum, The Bronxville Farmer's Market, The Bronxville Women's Club, The Eastchester Columbus Day Carnival, The Eastchester Farmer's Market, The Immaculate Heart of Mary Church, The Lincoln Park Community Garden, The Lord and Andra Art Gallery, The Manor Club, The New Rochelle Down-to-Earth Farmer's Market, The New Rochelle Foodfest, The New Rochelle Grand Market Downtown, The Olympus Piano Trio, The Trinity St. Paul Church, The Tuckahoe Farmer's Market, The Wall Street Rides Far Bike-a-Thon, The Westchester County Department of Senior Programs and Services, The Whistling Season, Trinity Lutheran Church, Westchester Chess Club, Westchester County Center, White Plains, White Plains Oktoberfest, Yogi Ashley Leave a comment
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2020 NCAA Standards
Top Times (CollegeSwimming.com)
Top Times (USA Swimming)
NCAA Top Times
Williams Starts Swimmingly for Men’s Swimming and Diving on Day 1 of Gompei Invitational
WORCESTER – Sophomore Sid Williams (Fairfax, VA) was involved in three of WPI Men's Swimming & Diving's top four results on Friday to put the Engineers in fourth place out of 12 teams after Day 1 of the Gompei Invitational.
Williams had WPI's top individual finish, placing sixth in the 50-yard freestyle with a time of 21.45 seconds, and also took part in two relays.
He led off the hosts' fourth-place 200-yard medley relay team (1:34.04), swimming along Zach Denbow (Hooksett, NH), Clayton Besch (West Sand Lake, NY) and John Puksta (Nashua, NH), and the sixth-place mixed 200 medley relay, where Williams, Denbow, Katherine Pawlak (Westford, MA) and Kimberly Hazeltine (Stratham, NH) combined for a time of 1:41.98.
The points from those events sent the Engineers into fourth place in the teams standings with 603 points, trailing Rowan (914), Bryant (885) and Bentley (712), but 34 points ahead of fifth-place Stevens Institute of Technology (569).
The home squad also swam to a sixth-place finish in the 800-yard freestyle relay, as Peter Fagerholm (Newtown, CT), Matthew Shriner (Arlington, MA), Markus Zimmermann (Sammamish, WA) and Puksta broke seven minutes (6:58.98).
Besch led WPI in the 100-yard butterfly, touching the wall ninth (51.44) and he followed behind Williams in the 50 freestyle, winning the B final in 21.72 seconds.
Matthew Olson (Honolulu, HI) finished ninth in the 1,650 freestyle (16:47.02), as did Emmett McCann (Seattle, WA) in the 200-yard breaststroke (2:11.35).
Denbow won the B final in the 200-yard individual medley in 1:56.76, which was the fourth-best time overall, just behind the top three finishers in the A final.
Day 2 of the Gompei Invitational will begin with the morning preliminary session starting at 9am on Saturday, with the finals beginning at 5:30pm.
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Seth Godin, Thought Leader and Best Selling Author
Biographies / By Bill Ringle
Acclaimed speaker, blogger, and author of 18 books, many of which have been international bestsellers, Seth Godin is a globally recognized thought leader on multiple topics and the founder of both Yoyodyne and Squidoo. Born in Mount Vernon, NY in 1960, Godin studied computer science and philosophy at Tufts before receiving an MBA in marketing from the Stanford Graduate School of Business.
He worked briefly as a manager for Spinnaker software before leaving to found Seth Godin Productions in 1986. Soon after, he met Mark Hurst and the two co-founded Yoyodyne – and internet-based direct marketer – which was acquired by Yahoo! in 1998. Godin went on to found Squidoo in 2006, a community website which allows users to create pages for subjects of interest.
In addition to his business endeavors, Godin is perhaps most well known for his prolific writing career. His Blog is one of the most followed on the planet, and many of his books have become international bestsellers. The Dip (2007) made both Business Week and New York Times bestseller lists, Free Prize Inside!: The Next Big Marketing Idea (2004) was Forbes Magazine’s Business Book of the Year.
Here are some of Godin’s most compelling thoughts on creativity and entrepreneurship:
1. The job isn’t to catch up to the status quo; the job is to invent the status quo.
2. Credit isn’t the point. Change is.
3. How dare you settle for less when the world has made it so easy for you to be remarkable.
4. Soon is not as good as now.
5. The habit of doing more than is necessary can only be earned through practice.
6. You have everything you need to build something far bigger than yourself.
7. Instead of wondering when your next vacation is, maybe you should set up a life you don’t need to escape from.
8. Change almost never fails because it’s too early. It almost always fails because it’s too late.
9. If you can’t state your position in eight words, you don’t have a position.
10. An artist is someone who uses bravery, insight, creativity, and boldness to challenge the status quo. And an artist takes it personally.
11. If you are deliberately trying to create a future that feels safe, you will willfully ignore the future that is likely.
12. Here’s the truth you have to wrestle with: the reason that art (writing, engaging, leading, all of it) is valuable is precisely why I can’t tell you how to do it. If there were a map, there’d be no art, because art is the act of navigating without a map. Don’t you hate that? I love that there’s no map.
13. Perhaps your challenge isn’t finding a better project or a better boss. Perhaps you need to get in touch with what it means to feel passionate. People with passion look for ways to make things happen.
14. Discomfort brings engagement and change. Discomfort means you’re doing something that others were unlikely to do, because they’re hiding out in the comfortable zone. When your uncomfortable actions lead to success, the organization rewards you and brings you back for more.
15. Transferring your passion to your job is far easier than finding a job that happens to match your passion.
16. The tragedy is that society (your school, your boss, your government, your family) keeps drumming the genius part out. The problem is that our culture has engaged in a Faustian bargain, in which we trade our genius and artistry for apparent stability.
17. Art is a personal act of courage, something one human does that creates change in another.
Godin made further waves in 2012 when he launched the Kickstarter campaign for The Icarus Deception: Why Make Art? – when, in just under 3 hours, the campaign was fully funded and went on to raise more than a quarter of a million dollars in the first week. His newest book, What to Do When It’s Your Turn is already climbing the bestseller charts.
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Leading a World Class Team
My Quest for the Best
Personal Experiences & Lessons Learned
Standing Out from Competition
Unlocking Growth Potential
Winning Sales
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Monday, March 7th, 2005
The “Prior Conviction” Exception to the Apprendi Rule Takes a Very Large Step toward Its Impending Demise
Shepard v. United States, No. 03-9168 (U.S. March 7, 2005): In a much anticipated case finally decided today, the Supreme Court (by Justice Souter for a 5-justice majority) ruled that in determining whether a prior conviction qualified as a predicate felony for the Armed Career Criminal Act, 18 U.S.C. § 924(e), when the statute of conviction is sufficiently broad to include both qualifying and non-qualifying offenses, a sentencing court “is generally limited to examining the statutory definition [of the prior offense of conviction], charging document, written plea agreement, transcript of plea colloquy, and any explicit factual finding by the trial judge to which the defendant assented.” Although the holding of the case is important in itself, it is the decision’s uncertain ramification for the continuing viability of the “prior conviction” exception to the Apprendi rule that has generated the most interest.
In Shepard, the Government attempted to rely on police arrest reports (and the complaint applications they supported) to demonstrate that the defendant’s conviction was in fact for a “generic burglary” (i.e., breaking & entering a building as opposed to a car or boat), which qualifies as an ACCA predicate, even though nothing else in the record established this. The Supreme Court rejected this attempt, holding as a matter of statutory interpretation and in light of its prior decision in Taylor v. United States, 495 U.S. 575 (1990), that a court cannot rely on such documents (described as “documents submitted to lower courts even prior to charges,” Op. at 7) to determine whether a prior conviction qualified as an ACCA predicate. Instead, where the prior conviction resulted from a guilty plea, a court “is limited to [examining] the terms of the charging document, the terms of a plea agreement or transcript of colloquy between judges and defendant in which the factual basis for the plea was confirmed by the defendant, or to some comparable judicial record of this information.” Op. at 12.
As noted, the more interesting aspect of the case is what it says about the viability of the “prior conviction” exception to the Apprendi rule, established in Almendarez-Torres v. United States, 523 U.S. 224 (1998). Concerning this point, the majority comes very close to overruling Almendarez-Torres, but stops just short of inflicting the coup de grace. Thus, after rejecting the Government’s position through statutory interpretation and a close analysis of Taylor, Justice Souter tantalizingly writes that “[d]evelopments in the law since Taylor . . . provide a further reason to adhere to the demanding requirement that any sentence under the ACCA rest on a showing that a prior conviction ‘necessarily’ involved . . . facts equating to generic burglary.” Op. at 10. Those “developments”, of course, refer to the Court’s Sixth Amendment jurisprudence as evidenced in cases such as Jones v. United States, 526 U.S. 227 (1999), and Apprendi (2001), holding that, as a general matter, facts that “raise the limit of the possible federal sentence must be found by a jury.” Op. at 10. Because a “sentencing judge considering the ACCA enhancement would (on the Government’s view) make a disputed finding of fact about what the defendant and state judge must have understood as the factual basis of the prior plea, [] the dispute raises the concerns underlying Jones and Apprendi.” Op. at 11. In such a situation, Justice Souter wrote, Almendarez-Torres does not help the Government: “While the disputed fact here can be described as a fact about a prior conviction, it is too far removed from the conclusive significance of a prior judicial record, and too much like the findings subject to Jones and Apprendi, to say that Almendarez-Torres clearly authorizes a judge to resolve the dispute.” Id. Relying on “[t]he rule of reading statutes to avoid serious risks of unconstitutionality,” the majority concludes that this rule “counsels us to limit the scope of judicial factfinding on the disputed generic character of a prior plea.” Op. at 11-12.
After Shepard, therefore, the most that one can say is that a majority of the Supreme Court has a “serious constitutional doubt” about the continuing viability of Almendarez-Torres. Justice Thomas goes further in his concurrence, writing that “a majority of the Court now recognizes that Almendarez-Torres was wrongly decided.” Concurrence at 2. Of course, this has been true since Apprendi in 2001, when Justice Thomas (who provided the 5th vote in Almendarez-Torres) first made his mea culpa in declaring that he erred in joining the majority in Almendarez-Torres; yet the Court continued to pay lip service to the prior conviction exception in subsequent cases (such as, most famously, Blakely in 2004). A footnote in Justice Souter’s majority opinion enhances the anti-Almendarez-Torres flavor, see Op. at 12 n.5, but again does not settle the issue.
Indeed, even the dissent (by Justice O’Connor, for 2 other justices; the Chief did not participate) adds fuel to the “death of Almendarez-Torres” fire by “strongly suspect[ing] that the driving force behind today’s decision is not Taylor itself, but rather [the] further developments in the law” represented by Apprendi. Dissent at 10.
It would appear, in sum, that the prior conviction exception to the Apprendi rule will not survive for long. Though some may wonder why the Supreme Court did not simply do so in Shepard, there is clearly a majority that believes that Almendarez-Torres was wrongly decided.
Posted by Yuanchung Lee
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District Court Retains Inherent Authority to Interpret Ambiguities in Its Own Orders, Regardless of Rule 35 / 36 Constraints
District Judge Holds That A New York “Y.O” Adjudication Is Not an ACCA Predicate
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Could a medical career in the defence force be for you?
Rosannah, 2nd Year Medicine Student
Joining the defence force has long been a dream of mine. I began the application process after finishing high school but as I was unsure of what career I wanted, I never completed it. But the idea always remained in the back of my mind.
After six months of studying medicine and seeking more information on where a medical career with the defence force could take me, I picked up my application again and decided to join.
I joined the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) and my current rank is Flying Officer, posted at Amberley.
The selection process was very competitive with numerous interviews and medical appointments but the recruiting team were extremely helpful. They set up meetings for me to visit medical officers so I could ask them any questions I had about the role, the training, and the lifestyle. The final hurdles were the Officer Selection Board and a fitness test.
Before joining the defence force, many people told me that I would be sacrificing my autonomy but as I spoke to doctors in the defence force I discovered that the role is a fantastic opportunity and the support is unparalleled.
Being able to study medicine without any financial worries and knowing that I will be supported to specialise while working in a truly unique organisation is very exciting for me. I also love that there is a strong culture of comradery and physical fitness.
Throughout the application process I found that the more I questioned and experienced life in the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF), the more I began to see myself in that role. I also applied to the Army and received an offer from them but I felt that the culture of RAAF was more aligned with my personality. The RAAF’s values are respect, excellence, agility, dedication, integrity and teamwork. These values align with the virtues upheld by doctors and are ones I aspire to.
Once I graduate, I will complete an internship in a civilian hospital as a Flight Lieutenant. After Postgraduate Year Two (PGY2), I will put on a uniform full-time and complete my return of service at a new posting as a medical officer.
I plan to specialise as a Rural GP and thankfully the RAAF is very supportive of this. I will also have the opportunity to train in unique areas of medicine including; aviation medicine, evacuations, advanced and acute trauma care, among others.
One day I would love to work in a non-governmental organisation such as Médecins Sans Frontières, and I truly believe that my career in RAAF will best equip me for this – perhaps even more than any training possible in a general hospital.
I am currently a member of The University of Queensland Medical Society (UQMS) and I am grateful that they hold an ANZAC tribute each year. ANZAC Day is an important day of mourning, of gratitude, of reflection, and of remembering the sacrifices made by many people so that we can enjoy the freedom we have today. Medical staff have made tremendous contributions to Australia, both onshore and abroad, and in humanitarian missions and conflict.
It is very important that we, as a medical community, remember their lives and their work. We have many medical staff serving Australia currently and it is important to also honour them, especially on ANZAC Day.
Suggest a blog post idea
I am a second-year medical student, born in Victoria. I have a mixed background, initially studying an Arts degree at James Cook University (JCU) in Cairns. I majored in French and English literature with the aim of doing graduate law. I realised one year into my degree that law wasn’t for me, so I focussed on travelling and discovering my personality. I settled my heart on a medical career and began studying Biomedical Science in Townsville (JCU). Outside of uni, I do CrossFit and many of my friends in the gym are defence members.
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Keeping your heart healthy during the uni semester
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Home Uncategorized Thorner and O’Neil: A fragile 4th needs a life line
Thorner and O’Neil: A fragile 4th needs a life line
written by Nancy Thorner and Bonnie O'Neil July 4, 2014
Nancy Thorner and Bonnie O'Neil
Contributors at Illinois Review and Freedom Pub
Nancy Thorner and Bonnie O'Neil write for Illinois Review.
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How and Why Did America Come to Embrace Socialism? - February 7, 2019
Common Core Curriculum Fails to Educate While Incubating Progressivism - June 11, 2018
Biased, Progressive Media is Uprooting the Nation’s Founding Principles - April 20, 2018
As the 4th of July draws near, picnics, fireworks and parades will herald the day, but how many of us have forgotten the real meaning of the holiday, that July 4th is this nation’s birthday? Do we remember what this day represents, and why as a nation we have valued and celebrated the 4th? How many of us really value our liberties and freedoms, or have we begun to take them for granted? Our Founding Fathers knew the importance of those concepts, and they fought and died for them. What would they think of our current culture, when many think of the holiday as just a day off from work, an opportunity to party with family and friends? If the 4th of July no longer evokes patriotic pride, and if, as a nation, we lose the true meaning of the holiday, that is a sign Americans are in danger of losing much more.
There is an alarming trend of one-man rule in recent years. As said by F.H. Buckley in his book, The Once and Future King: The Rise of Crown Government in America: “What we have today is ‘Crown government,’ the rule of an all-powerful president.” It is what founder George Mason called an “elective monarchy,” which Mason thought would be worse than the real thing.
It only took 10% of the colonists to spark the call for freedom from the tyranny of English rule and to set in motion the War for Independence. Fast forward to today, when many Americans have no idea what is happening to this nation, having not yet experienced the full effects of the unwise and lawless policies that have been initiated by a president who has usurped his Constitutional authority.
While political changes continue to occur, many of which are decided behind closed doors, it would be interesting to take a survey to discover how many 4th of July partiers are aware of how elected officials are watering down their very freedoms. Actually, it would be interesting to know how many people today even know the reason why we celebrate the 4th of July.
Why is there an apparent lack of patriotism today? One possibility is due to a group of world-wide leaders who have been advocating a “one-world government”. They have had an influence on our elected officials and population. They argue that national pride and respect for our nation’s sovereignty should not be emphasized. In preaching that opinion, they have gradually tempered some people’s enthusiasm for celebrating the birth of our nation as well as engaging in other patriotic practices, such as saluting our flag.
We know that colleges and universities throughout America are filled with liberal professors who also advocate less patriotism. In fact, the goal of many leaders, worldwide and here at home, is for a one-world government. Consider this quote from Robert Mueller, former Assistant Attorney General of the United Nation:
“We must move as quickly as possible to a one-world government, one-world religion, under a one-world leader.”
What about our American leaders, do they share that goal? Yes, many have bought into that agenda and have made similar statements. Unfortunately, many in the main stream media also support that philosophy President Obama alluded to it when he stated:
“All nations must come together to build a stronger global regime”.
Others have been more blatant, such as Henry Kissinger who proclaimed:
“Today America would be outraged if UN troops entered Los Angeles to restore order.Tomorrow they will be grateful. In such a scenario, individual rights will be willingly relinquished for the guarantee of their well-being granted to them by the World Government”.
Kissinger’s statement would be fiercely disputed by the brave men and women in 1776. But then, unlike Americans today, our forefathers had a taste of tyranny, and spit it out in disgust. Patriots like Patrick Henry proclaimed: “give me liberty or give me death”. That is the passion many of our forefathers demonstrated.
The notion of a one-world government can be inviting, as it might encourage everyone to live in peace: no wars; no more political fights. Very inviting indeed. However, that idea presumes there could be a government free of corruption, void of all self-interests, one that would reflect only altruistic purposes, and be led by someone with super human powers of fairness and wisdom. Human nature has rarely, if ever, produced such a person and certainly not a group of them.
Sir John Acton in the 1500’s was a wise man and discerning of human nature. You might remember Acton by this famous quote: “Power corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely”. Gambling on the premise there could be an incorruptible world governing board or person is too dangerous of an experiment to seriously consider. Yet it is most definitely being seriously discussed at the United Nations. United Nations Agenda 21 is their plan to implement a world-wide system of governing. It has already been approved by most every nation. Our own presidents signed on to it, and its hand prints can already be found in most every city government in America.
Maybe it is time for all Americans to remember how we gained our independence, and most important to learn why our forefathers fought so hard for it. Everyone should reflect on the wisdom and courage of our forefathers and how we, as Americans, have benefited from their actions through the centuries. It is quite a magnificent and amazing story, and well worth remembering.
The colonists, having grown strong in their new land, began to advance ideas of how they would like to shape their new world. However, the English King was using his power and exercising total tyranny over the colonies. He would not entertain any requests from the colonists regarding changing or creating any laws specific to their circumstances, causing them to resent his majesty’s stubborn rule, and creating a serious erosion in any and all bonds they had with England. The colonists yearned for independence. As their resentment grew, so did the number of great men who began to step forth to form a committee that would soon lead to their famous “Declaration of Independence.” In that document they outlined the many grievances they had previously stated to King George III, grievances which went completely unheeded by the King. That document was their desire for freedom, something every man craves, and ultimately it led to the formal declaration of their independence from England on July 4, 1776.
The brave men who signed that document faced grave danger, and they knew their fellow men would as well. The following bold, selfless statement provides a glimpse into the hearts of those who were signaling the end of their tolerance for tyranny and the birth of a nation:
“And for the support of this Declaration, with a firm reliance on the Protection of Divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our Lives, our Fortunes, and our sacred Honor.”
The war that followed the signing of the document was bloody and prolonged and would ultimately claim more than 27,000 American lives. Men, women, and children would die from horrific wounds, disease, or were declared forever “missing”. The leaders of the revolution were not immune to these hardships and disasters. Five were captured by the British as traitors and tortured before they died. Twelve had their homes ransacked and burned. Two lost their sons who were serving in the Army, another two had sons captured. Some had their properties looted and destroyed; one saw his wife jailed and watched her die within a few months. They all paid a heavy price for the freedom they sought and victory began to seem impossible. Yet, despite extraordinary odds, the American forces persevered. The British began suffering embarrassing defeats, and finally General Cornwallis surrendered to George Washington at Yorktown, Virginia, on October 19, 1781.
How could the small, rather rag-tag militia defeat the strong British army? The Brits were the best trained, fully equipped, and most professional army in the world at that time. Their Royal Navy was the undisputed ruler of the High Seas. In complete contrast, the Colonists were not adequately trained or equipped, and not even completely unified. What the Colonists did have was a strong determination. They were fighting for their very land and freedom. They fought against oppression. They were battling for more than themselves, it was also for their families and the future of their fledgling country. The majority of them were god-fearing people who depended upon and credited God with their victory. Few could deny at the time that what had been accomplished was truly miraculous. The account of Washington and his rag-tag Continental Army crossing the Delaware on Christmas Eve speaks of great courage and determination in what seemed like insurmountable odds.
That was 238 years ago. Through the years American has had some high and lows, but the “Constitution” and “Bill of Rights” established by those brilliant and visionary men proved to be a profitable experiment beyond even their goals and imagination. However, there was a warning from Benjamin Franklin, as left the Constitutional Convention where he had been debating with other countrymen about what form of government would be best for their new country. Citizens had lined the streets anxiously waiting for the outcome of that secret meeting, when an excited woman in the crowd yelled to Franklin, asking him if the committee had yet decided whether their government would be a republic or a monarch. Franklin replied, “We have given you a Republic Madam, if you can keep it”. That warning must be heeded by all generations, because there will always be those who prefer another form of governing.
The warning from Franklin has stood the test of time. But, it would be a grave mistake for American citizens to take our Constitution for granted. Instead, it must be jealously guarded for any government leader or entity who might try to erode or change that magnificent document that has allowed freedom and prosperity for so long to so many.
The Fourth of July is a time we should all remind ourselves and others of the precious gift we all have been given. Being born in the United States has allowed its citizens freedom and the opportunity to prosper, and most have done just that. Our Constitution and form of government has propelled us into greatness. But, there is always that nagging question presented by Franklin: “Can we keep it?
The 4th of July is a perfect time to share the story of sacrifices of our forefathers throughout our history, and celebrate the unselfish altruism they exhibited. It would be appropriate to thank God for His protection upon our ancestors, and ask that His hand remain upon us. May our generation perpetuate the values and principles of all who went before us.
Make this 4th a special one. Celebrate it in a way that truly honors our forefathers and our country. Consider playing a game or engage your guests in conversations that allow all to learn our history and why we celebrate this important holiday. Let it be a time we all are reminded of why we enjoy our freedom and how we are able to pursue what has become known as “the American dream”. It is important because our children’s future depends upon our passion to keep it.
Many are now beginning to worry that America is broken. Hopefully there are enough true patriots who are willing to come forward and counter detractors in these unsettling times. A spark is definitely needed from today’s patriots to right the wrongs that plague this nation, not unlike those which aroused the colonists 238 years ago. The question is how many of us would be willing to take action today? Who among us would risk all to maintain our freedom and an independent nation. Hopefully, we will never need the answer to that question, but it is one we should look deep within ourselves for the answer. Just as men and women were forced to do July 4, 1776.
Originally published at Illinois Review.
Thorner and O’Neil: A fragile 4th needs a life line was last modified: July 3rd, 2014 by Nancy Thorner and Bonnie O'Neil
17764th of julyBritishconstitutionfoundersfourth of julyFranklinHenry KissingerindependenceSir John Acton
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Tag: Hunter S. Thompson
Fear and Loathing in New Religious Movements
I find it useful to think with Hunter S. Thompson about a few things, especially fear, loathing, and drugs. This seems instructive for thinking about the status of psychedelics in New Religious Movements (NRMs). I’m interested in thinking about different kinds of fear and loathing that are experienced by practitioners of New Religious Movements who use psychedelic drugs, including an analysis of the psychedelic spirituality implicit in Thompson’s Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas (1972), a cult classic among psychedelic enthusiasts. Like drugs, feelings of fear and loathing can have beneficial or harmful effects depending on the context. The systemic suppression of psychedelics perpetuates harmful cycles of fear and loathing, but in contexts of religious experiences, psychedelics can facilitate inspiring and integrative engagements with fear and loathing. Continue reading →
Posted on February 25, 2016 February 25, 2016 by Sam Mickey 0
How Spirituality Makes Us Stupid, Selfish, Unhappy
“When someone tells me that they are not really religious, but that they are a very spiritual person, I want to punch their face. Hard.” (1)
I just finished reading David Webster’s short and fun book Dispirited: How Contemporary Spirituality Makes us Stupid, Selfish and Unhappy (Zero Books, 2012). I was happy to read a book that offers a critical analysis of contemporary spirituality, both because I teach theology and religious studies and because I live in the San Francisco Bay Area, which contains a vast array of flavors of “spirituality.”
Before reading the book, I read an interview with Webster about the project. The interview makes some interesting points, including Webster giving Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas as a response to the question of what book he wishes he’d written. Along those lines, I would say that Webster’s critique of spirituality is good, but it’s not quite as critical as Hunter S. Thompson’s, nor is it as hospitable and affirmative. In any case, Webster’s overall thesis seems correct: contemporary spirituality is indeed making us stupid, selfish, and unhappy.
Webster is careful to say that he is talking about contemporary spirituality in general. He acknowledges that some people use the word “spiritual” or “spirituality” in constructive, life-enhancing ways (e.g., Pierre Hadot, for whom “spiritual exercises” are part of philosophy as a way of life). Aside from such rare instances of spirituality, contemporary spirituality does make us stupid, selfish, and unhappy.
There is a cafeteria/buffet style of pluralism and syncretism that allows spiritual people to pick and choose what they want and don’t want from each tradition (even picking things that aren’t compatible). This apparent inclusivity and openness harbors some serious anti-intellectualism. Debates between competing truth claims? Those are only for religious people (dogmatists, fanatics) or for materialists (spiritually immature reductionists). Truly spiritual people transcend debates by participating in the perennial truth of mystic unity.
In short, spirituality is “faith-lite” (17). Whereas religion (or Kierkegaard’s “leap of faith”) makes heavy demands on practitioners to adjust their thinking, feeling, and acting to fit with what’s been revealed according to the tradition, spirituality doesn’t make such demands, and it thereby makes us stupid or at least intellectually lazy. It also makes us selfish.
Institutions (religious and secular) are forces of community building and organizing. Spirituality is about a personalized inner journey to the true nature of the self. That privileging of interiority makes spiritual people less engaged in social and political activities. “Spirituality cedes the world to the worldly” (7).
Ironically, while critiquing consumerist materialism, the only kind of community that spirituality engenders is consumerist community, where members are all buying the same kind of magazines and meditation retreat packages, patronizing similar therapists and life-coaches. Spirituality sells happiness, but that happiness is not authentic. Webster follows the existentialist approach to happiness, for which happiness can only be attained by resolutely facing one’s own finitude and mortality. Spirituality doesn’t face the fear and loathing of existence, the abyss. Instead, it covers over the abyss with easy answers about an immortal soul or about happiness coming from within. When happiness comes from within, you don’t have to worry about the countless others outside of your spiritual bubble who are far from happy. Thus privatized, happiness becomes the name for a rather unjust and miserable way to live.
Webster’s diagnosis of contemporary spirituality is great, and I appreciate his appeal to existentialism. I also appreciate that he teaches religion and seems to have an extensive knowledge of South Asian religions. However, there are a few big problems with his analysis. First, his existentialism sounds too humanistic (too Sartrean, not enough Kierkegaard or Heidegger). Although he attempts to distance his position from humanism in the concluding two paragraphs of the book (too little, too late!), he only distances himself from the British Humanist Associations version of humanism, and even then it’s a very small distance. Webster seems to think that, if we want/need rituals, “then we are as capable of inventing them without spirituality and religion as we have been when we invented them as part of religious traditions” (75). Who is this rather capable “we”? It is a bunch of humans, as if the plants, animals, seasons, songs, and dances involved in rituals are so involved solely because of human inventiveness, and not because of any other-than-human power (which doesn’t have to be God or Being, but could also be the agency of plants and animals).
Along with Webster’s humanism, his atheism is also a problem. Let me put it another way: he gives no account of the ontological weight of angels, spirits, and God. Maybe angels and deities don’t exist, but how do they have the impacts and effects they do? Belief is one thing, but what about self-declared “spiritual” people who are actually having visions and encounters with these things? Are we just going to chalk it up to hallucination? Imagination? If so, what is the ontological significance of a hallucination or of image? Even if they’re hallucinations, they’re still powerful, and not something to be dismissed as if they’re merely a facade for anti-intellectualism or death-denial. On this point, I think a better critique of spirituality is given in that book that Webster would have liked to write, Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas. Hunter S. Thompson critiques theism, Satanism, and hippy spirituality while still honoring the reality (or hyperreality) of hallucinations, images, and even God.
Overall, this is a very enjoyable and thought-provoking book. It’s short, accessible, and clever. I’ll probably use it for teaching my course on society and religion.
Posted on July 11, 2012 by Sam Mickey 7
Fear and Loathing in the Desert of the Real
Psychedelic drugs have been a widespread part of popular culture since the middle of the twentieth century, influencing artists, musicians, celebrities, environmentalists, surfers, ravers, scholars, etc. It is fairly well-documented that psychedelics have shaped the development of various spiritualities, including nature spiritualities oriented toward experimentation with intense, boundary-dissolving, sensory experiences, wherein the self and the natural world converge, such that nature is felt to be a source of belonging as well as a strange and uncanny other. Deep ecology would be a case in point, as would the aquatic nature spirituality of surfers.
A particularly unique example of psychedelic nature spirituality is implicit in the 1998 film Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas, based on the novel of the same name by the “gonzo” journalist and pop culture icon Hunter S. Thompson. Fear and Loathing portrays a wild and drug-fueled trip in which a fictionalized Thompson (played by Johnny Depp) goes to Las Vegas with his legally dubious lawyer (played by Benicio Del Torro) to find and cover the story of “the American dream.” Nearly all of the dialogue in the film is taken directly from the book, making a close reading of the book a helpful tool in analyzing the film.
What I’m interested in doing is looking closely at the film to consider two things: 1) How does the film affirm psychedelic experiences of the sacred (wholly other) power of natural phenomena (e.g., bats, reptiles, plants, water, the desert, as well as varieties of genders, classes, and races of humans)? 2) How does the film criticize various spiritualities, including Christian, New Age, Satanic, and even psychedelic.
My initial thought it that the film affirms the experimental and experiential wildness of psychedelic nature spirituality while also harboring a critique of its tendencies toward utopianism, idealism, and anti-modernism. Through that affirmation and critique, the film promotes a more realist sense of psychedelic nature spirituality. Accordingly, the film celebrates Las Vegas in all of its deserted reality, that is, the groundless artificiality and errant depravity that characterizes the hyperreality of Baudrillard’s “desert of the real.” This resonates with Mark C. Taylor’s realized eschatology, in which the hyperreal desert of Las Vegas is the site of the realization of the Kingdom of God on Earth.
The deserted realism of Fear and Loathing makes it unique among psychedelic nature spiritualities, and, perhaps paradoxically, it also makes it the most viable for becoming integrated into contemporary society. I don’t romanticize Thompson or his drugs, guns, or suicide. What makes him relevant is not his authenticity or originality or his subversion of the system. He is so relevant precisely because his passion for the real is thoroughly ungrounded and ethically questionable, abyssal and abysmal, deserted like the realized Kingdom in which we all participate.
Posted on May 1, 2012 by Sam Mickey 0
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Q1 2015 Media & Marketing Industry Trends
Q1 2015 Media & Marketing Industry Trends Report
Media & Marketing transaction volume decreased 11 percent over the past three months, from 451 to 405. Deal value declined 35 percent, from $24.1 billion to $15.6 billion. Volume throughout the past five quarters reached its peak in Q1 2014, whereas value reached its zenith in Q3 2014. The top ten largest transactions accounted for 46 percent of the industry’s total value in Q1 2015, compared to 50 percent in Q1 2014. Of note, eight of the industry’s top ten largest deals in Q1 2015 were based outside of the U.S.
Regarding the industry’s Marketing segment, volume remained almost flat for the fourth consecutive quarter. Marketing deals represented one-third of the industry’s aggregate volume during the quarter, nearly the same percentage as in Q4 2014. It also retained its position as the industry’s most active sector, slightly surpassing the Internet Media segment. The largest Marketing deal year-to-date was Dalian Wanda Group’s acquisition of Infront Sports & Media AG for $1.1 billion.
After almost doubling in Q4 2014, volume in the Exhibitions, Conferences, and Seminars segment stayed about constant in Q1 2015, with a total of 25 transactions. The highest value deal in the segment was Providence Equity Partners’ acquisition of Clarion Events for $307 million.
M&A activity in the Internet Media segment gained four percent in Q1 2015. This was the segment’s fourth straight quarterly improvement, which included a 17 percent increase in Q4 2014.
Total volume in the B2B Publishing and Information segment decreased 25 percent on a quarter-to-quarter basis. This followed a 24 percent rise in Q4 2014, which was its highest point over the last 15 months. The number of deals in the Consumer Publishing segment fell 18 percent in Q1 2015. This occurred after a 33 percent increase in Q4 2014.
2013 - Q1 - Trends Report - Media
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King's College London Summer School
All you need to know about life at the King's Summer School and London this summer
Shakespeare in London
During the reign of Elizabeth I, London was at the centre of a burgeoning literary and theatrical culture whose influence is still felt to this day. William Shakespeare made the journey from Stratford-upon-Avon some time in the 1580s and became a member of the Lord Chamberlain’s Men, later the King’s Men; their principal playwright by the time the first Globe Theatre was completed in 1599. Across the river from the main commercial city, the Globe was a centre for entertainment alongside the bear-baiting pits and brothels of the Southwark ‘Liberties,’ but the theatre was also a place for a wide range of contemporary concerns to be disseminated and explored: the power structures of the Tudor and Stuart monarchies, the early forays of colonialism, nascent capitalism, shifting gender politics and the aftershocks of decades of religious conflict.
Today, Shakespeare’s influence is still felt in London: from the genteel Victorian theatres of the West End, where famous actors such as David Garrick, Edmund Kean, Henry Irving and Ellen Terry made their names with iconic interpretations of Shakespeare’s characters, to the National Theatre established in the 1960s where the relationship of Shakespeare to British identity is still being negotiated, to the reconstructed Globe theatre a stone’s throw from the theatre’s original location. At the Globe, modern audiences can encounter Shakespeare in an approximation of its original form. In 2014 the new Sam Wanamaker Theatre opened: a Jacobean-style indoor playhouse where candlelit performances of plays by Shakespeare’s contemporaries take place in conditions similar to those of the earliest indoor playhouses.
The Shakespeare in London course at King’s is an opportunity to explore both: the historic context of Shakespeare’s work in early modern London and the long shadow of his continuing influence on the modern city. We will attend a variety of performances: Elizabethan-style performance at the Globe and contemporary adaptations, taking advantage of the varied theatrical landscape that London has to offer. We will trace the remnants of Shakespeare’s city in contemporary Southwark and the evidence of his later influence elsewhere in the city. Lectures will provide background and explore three of his plays in some detail, both in their original context and in subsequent adaptations, and interactive seminar discussions will explore issues related to these texts, including gender, genre, politics and religion. We will discuss the ways that these plays communicate the major political and social concerns of their era, and consider the ways that their meanings have been deployed, inverted or appropriated in four hundred years of performance. This year, the plays we focus on will be Twelfth Night, As You Like It and Macbeth.
Join us in London for an in-depth engagement with Shakespeare in the city that made him famous. For more information visit http://www.kcl.ac.uk/study/summer/programmes/undergraduatesummerschool/modules/kingsculturallondon/Shakespeare-in-London.aspx
Please feel free to contact us with any questions at sarah.barnden@kcl.ac.uk and miranda.thomas@kcl.ac.uk
We look forward to working with you in July.
Sally Barnden and Miranda Fay Thomas
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Rev. Angel Perez, leader in Hispanic ministry, dies
The Rev. Angel L. Perez, an LCMS leader in Hispanic ministry, died Nov. 24 at his home in in Apopka, Fla., after a long, debilitating illness. Perez was 68.
A memorial service was held Dec. 2 at Ascension Lutheran Church in Casselberry, Fla., with a committal service at Highland Memory Gardens, Apopka.
Perez, who served as the Synod’s counselor for Hispanic ministry from 1994 to 1998, was responsible for helping LCMS districts to equip congregations to begin new Hispanic missions. In 1998 he left that post to become an LCMS missionary to Puerto Rico, where he served until 2002. From 2002 to until his retirement in 2008, he was a missionary for GOSPEL Mission in Orlando, Fla.
Born and raised in Puerto Rico, Perez studied at the Synod’s Concordia universities in Austin, Texas, and River Forest, Ill., before completing colloquy requirements for ordination through Concordia Seminary, St. Louis, in 1985.
In 1994, as president of the Synod’s Standing Committee for Hispanic Ministry, Perez helped launch the first LCMS Hispanic mission society, the National Society for Hispanic Missions. Perez also served from 1994 to 1998 as chairman of the Lutheran Hispanic Conference.
Other service to the church includes work as a missionary to Hispanic people for the LCMS Oklahoma District (1991-97) and as pastor of El Buen Pastor Lutheran Church in Cleveland (1986-91); Cristo Rey Lutheran Church, Oklahoma City (1991-97); Principe de Paz, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico (1997-2002) and Ascension Lutheran Church, Casselberry (2002-08).
The Rev. Dr. Douglas R. Groll, former director of the Hispanic Institute of Theology, now Center for Hispanic Studies, at Concordia Seminary and who continues to teach there part time in his retirement, met Perez — a teller of “good jokes” — in 1978 after returning to the U.S. from missionary service in Venezuela.
“Throughout the ’60s and ’70s there were strident voices within the Puerto Rican communities in most eastern cities, decrying housing discrimination and general civil-rights abuses against Latinos in general and Puerto Ricans in particular,” Groll said. “Even within Cleveland there were angry firebrands who became quite vocal. Angel knew them all and was always able to extend an arm of love and understanding and was a gentle bridge of peace between Latinos who disagreed with one another and between Latinos and the Anglo communities who really did not understand the problem at all. Angel was a peacemaker.”
Groll added that Perez’s ministry “was always that of the love of God in His Son, Jesus Christ. Angel always preached that and lived that. He rejoices with his Savior now, but we will miss him.”
Survivors include Perez’s wife, Maria; five children: Luis (Elizabeth), Stacy (Carmen), Michael, Ricardo (Kandyce) and Victoria (Benny) Romero; seven grandchildren; and five great-grandchildren.
Updated Dec. 4, 2013
Tags douglas groll Hispanic Ministry puerto rico
Paula Schlueter Ross is managing editor of the monthly Reporter newspaper. A magna cum laude graduate of Webster University, with a BA in Journalism, Ross has won 17 national writing awards from the Associated Church Press since 1997. She and her husband have two grown children and a famous granddog, "sawyer.in.seattle," with more than 55,000 Instagram followers!
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Thomas R Zehnder says:
Angel was a great leader. I respected him greatly. God give him peace at His right hand. RIP
Pastor Martin Urena says:
Para el que cree, aunque este muerto vivira.
Y el que cree no morira jamas!
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BRF038 v Republic of Nauru
Posted on 18 October 2017 by Martin Clark
The High Court has allowed an appeal against a decision of the Supreme Court of Nauru on when discrimination amounts to persecution and procedural fairness guarantees under Nauruan refugee law. The appellant, a Sunni Muslim, fled Somalia in 2006, then stayed in Yemen, and finally arrived by boat at Christmas Island in September 2013. Australian authorities transferred him to the Republic of Nauru, where he sought refugee status. During his processing, he claimed that he fled Somalia due to war, trouble, hunger and starvation, and later fled Yemen due to racism and a lack of security (see details at [10]–[15]). The Nauruan Secretary refused his application for refugee status on the basis of scepticism about parts of his account (see [16]), and the Nauruan Refugee Status Review Tribunal and Nauruan Supreme Court both upheld that determination. On appeal to the High Court, the appellant contended that the Tribunal failed to accord him procedural fairness in reviewing the Secretary’s determination.
The Court (Keane, Nettle and Edelman JJ) allowed the appeal, ordering that the Tribunal’s decision be quashed and the matter remitted to the Tribunal for reconsideration according to law (see [67]ff). (On the appeal as of right to the High Court from the appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of Nauru, see [35]–[41]).
After reviewing the reasons of the Tribunal (at [22]ff) and the Supreme Court of Nauru (at [29]ff), the Court first turned to the test for persecution. The Court rejected the appellant’s contention that the Tribunal applied the wrong test for ‘persecution’ by requiring the total deprivation of a persons’ human rights to find persecution: that argument ‘overstate[d] the stringency of the approach adopted by the Tribunal’, which did not articulate or apply any exhaustive test that required total deprivation, but instead simply observed that attempts to formulate a definition have ‘met with little success’ (see [42]–[43]).
While statutory changes post-dating the Supreme Court of Nauru’s decision meant that the appellant’s initial argument on the need to disclose ‘clear particulars of information’ that underlay the original decision (here, information regarding the ethnic composition of the Somaliland police force) could no longer be made (see [46]ff), those statutory changes related only to the common law of procedural fairness, and the Tribunal still owed him statutory obligations of procedural fairness (see [54]–[56]):
Accordingly, the question remains whether the Tribunal denied the appellant procedural fairness by failing to put to him for his response the country information relating to the tribal composition of the Somaliland police before making an adverse finding based on that information, and whether the Supreme Court therefore erred in not so holding.
Turning to that question, the Court noted the appellant’s submission that the hearing before the Tribunal was conducted without giving him an opportunity to respond to its conclusion that the appellant could have availed himself of police protection because the Somaliland police force contained members of his ethnic group (at [57]). The Court reiterated its earlier rulings that procedural fairness ‘requires a person whose interest is apt to be affected by a decision be put on notice of “the nature and content of information that the repository of power undertaking the inquiry might take into account as a reason for coming to a conclusion adverse to the person”‘, and that the person is entitled to the right to rebut, qualify by further information, or comment by submission, on adverse material (see [58], [59]). The Court then rejected the respondent’s contention that the Tribunal’s observations on the ethnic composition of the police force did not significantly impact its decision on persecution: ‘On the contrary, that consideration was integral to the Tribunal’s reasons for its conclusion’ (at [61]), and were directly dispositive of the issue of tribal persecution (at [62], and see [63]).
Consequently, the Tribunal’s failure to put the appellant on notice that the country information on police ethnic composition might be taken into account as a reason for finding against his claim was a failure to accord him procedural fairness, and the High Court quashed that decision and ordered the matter to be remitted (see [65]–[69]).
High Court Judgment [2017] HCA 44 19 October 2017
Result Appeal allowed
High Court Documents BRF038
Full Court Hearing [2017] HCATrans 177 8 September 2017
Appeal from NRSC [2017] NRSC 14 22 February 2017
This entry was posted in Case Pages, Cases Heard, Pending Cases by Martin Clark. Bookmark the permalink.
About Martin Clark
Martin Clark is a PhD Candidate and Judge Dame Rosalyn Higgins Scholar at the London School of Economics and Political Science and Research Fellow at Melbourne Law School. He holds honours degrees in law, history and philosophy from the University of Melbourne, and an MPhil in Law from MLS. While at MLS, he worked as a researcher for several senior faculty members, was a 2012 Editor of the Melbourne Journal of International Law, tutor at MLS and various colleges, a Jessie Legatt Scholar, and attended the Center for Transnational Legal Studies Program.
View all posts by Martin Clark →
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Eurasians come in from the (financial) cold
Banking penetration in Mongolia is the highest of any lower-middle-income country worldwide thanks to the soaring number of Mongolians with mobile money accounts.
By Clare Nuttall in Bucharest June 1, 2018
The number of adults with at least one bank account has soared in several Eurasian countries, new data from the World Bank on financial inclusion has revealed.
The latest Global Financial Inclusion (Global Findex) database shows bank account ownership rose from just 2% in Turkmenistan in 2014 to 41% in 2017 — a staggering 1,950% increase. Bank account ownership also increased by 327% in Tajikistan, while the figure was between 100% and 200% in Armenia, Moldova and the Kyrgyz Republic, in all of which between 40% and 50% of adults now have bank accounts.
This far outstrips the growth in bank account ownership worldwide revealed by the three Global Findex surveys carried out by the World Bank with funding from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation in 2011, 2014 and 2017. They show a steady increase in the share of adults with a bank account, which rose from 51% to 62% to 69%. Between 2014 and 2017, 515mn adults worldwide opened an account at a financial institution or through a mobile money provider, says the latest report published in May. Globally, the lowest penetration rate was in the Central African Republic, at just 14%, followed by Afghanistan, at 15%, while in some North European countries plus Australia and Canada 100% of adults had bank accounts.
Not surprisingly, almost all of the 1.7bn unbanked adults are in the developing world, while account ownership is nearly universal in high-income economies, the survey of more than 140 economies shows. Some 94% of adults in developed countries have an account, compared to 63% in developing economies.
There are dramatic variations within regions though. Across Central and Eastern Europe and Eurasia, the percentage of the population with a bank account ranged from 98% in Estonia and Slovenia to just 29% in Azerbaijan as of 2017.
Despite the increases in several Eurasian economies, the countries with the lowest proportion of bank account ownership in the region are still clustered within Eurasia. Yet this phenomenon isn’t exclusive to Eurasia. Across the wider region, Albania was third from the bottom on a par with Kyrgyzstan in 2017, with just 40% of adults having a bank account, the aspiring EU member having been overtaken by several Central Asian countries. There is also low banking penetration in Moldova, Kosovo and Bosnia. Romania has the lowest share of account ownership in the EU, at just 58%, down from 61% in 2014, possibly because of the mass emigration of educated, working age Romanians.
Mobile Mongolia
Mongolia is a perhaps the surprising entry among the most banked nations in the region, being ranked in fifth place with banking penetration of 93% — the highest of any lower-middle-income country worldwide.
What has changed things in Mongolia is the soaring number of citizens with a mobile money account, a phenomenon primarily seen in Sub-Saharan Africa but also in some countries outside the region, among them Bangladesh, Iran and Paraguay, in all of which the proportion of adults with a mobile money account has topped 20%.
Mobile makes sense in Mongolia, the world’s most sparsely populated country, where large numbers of people still have a nomadic lifestyle and hundreds of thousands more live in the yurt shanty towns that have sprung up on the hills around the capital Ulannbataar, with infrastructure like fixed line telephone links failing to keep pace. This has encouraged Mongolian banks to roll out mobile banking services in what has been a successful attempt to encourage Mongolians to use their services.
And while some countries have forged ahead of their neighbours in terms of banking penetration, there are also wide gaps within countries along gender, wealth, education, employment and age lines.
Turkey is a prime example of this. The country has a gender gap of almost 30 percentage points (pp), similar to Bangladesh and Pakistan. Among the survey respondents, 72% of women who did not have an account said it was because a family member already has one. Yet in contrast to other countries with a double-digit gender gap in account ownership, once Turkish women had opened an account they were just as active in men at using digital payments.
Globally women are over-represented among the unbanked, making up around 980mn or 56% of all unbanked adults lacking an account. But this is not the case in a number of post-Communist countries, among them Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kyrgyzstan, Russia and Serbia, where the gap is negligible or non-existent.
The wealth gap also grew in Turkey where account ownership increased strongly among wealthier adults but only modestly among poorer ones, pushing the gap up to 20pp in the 2017 survey.
The World Bank surveys gave insights into why so many people are still unbanked. The most common reason, given by two-thirds of respondents, was that they did not have enough money to use an account. Other factors were cost, distance, a family member already having an account, lack of documentation and distrust in the financial system.
The adoption of commercial services like mobile banking and online retail have already pushed up the number of people with bank accounts in several countries in the region, with governments starting to make wage, pension and benefit payments into bank accounts another contributing factor.
Government-led change
This is particularly relevant in Europe and Central Asia, where a high share of adults receive government payments. “Indeed, this share is about twice the average for developing economies, driven by the large numbers receiving public sector wage or pension payments,” says the report.
In Kazakhstan and Egypt as many as 40% of account owners opened their first account to receive government payments, private sector wages or payments for agricultural products. In Russia and Turkey around 25% of account holders opened their accounts for this reason, and the figure is just under 20% in Iran. Globally, this is true for 9% of adults and 13% of account owners. Similarly, digital payments of public sector pensions have increased account ownership, with around 10% of account owners opening their first account to receive pensions in both Russia and Turkey. And in one of the region’s least banked countries, Uzbekistan, 17% percent of adults with an account opened their first account to collect public sector wages. In Iran, the share of adults receiving government transfer payments is as high as 64% due to the country’s national unconditional cash transfer programme.
“Millions of unbanked adults around the world still receive regular payments in cash — for wages, from the government, for the sale of agricultural products. Digitising such payments is a proven way to increase account ownership,” says the report.
There is room to build on this progress, it adds, as currently around 100mn unbanked adults receive government payments in cash, including public sector wages, pensions and benefits. This is particularly relevant in Europe and Central Asia, where the share of the population receiving government payments is generally high by international standards.
Looking at the potential to bring such payments into accounts, the report points to how around 12% of unbanked adults receive government payments in cash in Uzbekistan, and as much as 24% in Russia.
The same is true for pensions: “In Europe and Central Asia digitising public sector pension payments could have a big impact. In Russia and Ukraine about a quarter of unbanked adults receive such payments in cash. In Romania about a third do.”
The report stresses the benefits of moving from cash payments to payments into bank accounts, such as by increasing speed, reducing costs, lowering the risk of crime, increasing transparency and reducing corruption, and encouraging saving by bringing citizens into the formal financial system. New technologies such as those enabling mobile banking are helping this process.
The authors do, however, stress that both the private sector and governments need to “ensure that digital payments are indeed better than the cash-based alternatives — safer, more affordable, and more transparent.”
Achieving this involves action ranging from technology and infrastructure moves such as providing electricity connections and mobile phone masts, to regulatory framework measures to ensure that consumers are protected.
Failures to act in such areas would mean efforts by governments to make more payments to bank accounts rather than in cash would be self-defeating. “[D]igitising payments of wages and government benefits has the potential to increase both the ownership and use of accounts,” the report says. “Yet efforts to digitise such payments have suffered from shortcomings. A common complaint among those receiving government transfers as digital payments is that the payment products are difficult to use. Recipients have reported long lines at bank agents and said that they struggle to get help when they have a question or a problem with their payments. Others have reported being targeted for fraud.”
Moldova’s exports contracted by 1% y/y to $266.6mn in November as the recovery in exports to the CIS was not strong enough to offset the drop in exports to the EU.
McDonald’s opened its first restaurant in Hungary in April 1988 and since then it has become a dominant player in the fast food market.
Albania has historically run a substantial trade deficit caused by its narrow production and export base, and has partly funded this with remittances from Albanians living abroad.
The Belarusian government forecasts the nation's GDP to increase by 0.7% y/yin the first quarter of 2020, by 1.6% y/y in the first half of the next year, 2.2% y/y in January-September, and by 2.8% y/y over the year.
Higher prices in food, housing, hotels and restaurants, as well as culture and recreation segments drove the result, though a pick-up in core inflation also played a role.
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ISSUE 89 EDITORIAL
Editor Christopher Torpey embraces the feeling of football fever that has gripped the region, and discusses how important it is to our collective psyche to let ourselves get swept up in sporting fairy tales.
Issue 89 / June 2018 Words: Christopher Torpey / @CATorp
Photography: Jacqui McAssey / girlfans.co.uk
I’d like to start by issuing an apology to anyone who doesn’t like football. Because this Editorial is going to be all about football.
At the time of writing this, Merseyside is in the grip of football fever. You must have noticed it – the inescapably giddy sense of possibility, grown men and women wearing football shirts on non-match days, the strains of “Allez allez allez” floating on the breeze of a balmy May evening. Like my fellow Tranmere fans, I’m still basking in our dramatic, 10-men play-off final victory at Wembley, strutting round like I’m 10 feet tall (almost as big as Andy Cook). Liverpool fans are currently riding high on the magic of Mo, whose goals and impish grin have propelled them to the cusp of European glory in thrilling fashion. And Everton fans… well, I’m sure they’re happy they finished above Bournemouth again.
The heady atmosphere that gathers around moments like this is so infectious that only the cold-hearted are likely to be unswayed by its sheer positivity. It’s also a cyclical pulse that is deeply entwined with the city’s collective psyche, a fact that writer Clive Martin noticed when he wrote an article for Vice titled ‘Liverpool Is Like A City On Ecstasy At The Moment’. Martin, a Chelsea fan, visited the city in April 2014 when Liverpool FC were hunting down an elusive Premier League title, and the club’s fans were caught up in the possibility of another kind of redemptive victory in the months after the final inquests into the Hillsborough disaster were opened, the culmination of the long wait for justice. “The main prism through which the world views Liverpool isn’t news, or politics, or geography, or even its most famous band, Cast, but football,” wrote Martin with some degree of tongue in cheek. “The way we understand Liverpool is through Liverpool and Everton FC, their achievements, their fans,” he continued, adding that, from his view as an outsider, “Liverpool are the team whose fortunes appear most bound up with the city as a whole.”
The ecstatic catharsis of victory, at least in football terms, would have to wait, but Martin had hit upon a basic truth at the core of the city’s identity: that the hopes and dreams of an overwhelming majority of Scousers can be viewed through the lens of football fandom, a passion which verges on almost religious levels of fervour. “When tourists come to Liverpool, they come, in part, because of the football,” Martin added. “The glories and tragedies of Liverpool have left an indelible impression on the psyche of football fans the world over.”
“The hopes and dreams of an overwhelming majority of Scousers can be viewed through the lens of football fandom”
Football has a knack for throwing up the most Shakespearean of plot twists and slips, which it did (twice) for LFC just weeks after Martin’s article was published – which puts an added edge on the club’s pursuit of triumph this year. A similarly dramatic chapter of football’s tragicomedic saga came two years later with England’s exit from Euro 2016 at the hands of Iceland, just days after the country had voted for a similarly ignominious European exit. In an article penned for The Guardian in March of this year, author and journalist David Goldblatt referred back to this shock result when he remarked that “football’s uncanny capacity to reflect our social identities and collective moods is also a curse. Many of us, myself included, still look to football as an entertainment, a glorious illusion, a soap opera of distraction. Even though we all know that the spectacle is deformed by the worlds of commerce and politics, we still want to disappear into the zone of play, pleasure and irrelevance: at the game, on the screen, lost in our noisy Twitter feeds.”
This summer we have an extra distraction in the form of the World Cup, the four-yearly sporting drama that reduces fans, players and Brazilian commentators to spluttering, joyous, angry and petulant teenage versions of themselves. Even though I should know better, I’m preparing for the tournament like I would do if I was still 13 instead of 33: I have my almost completed Panini sticker album to hand and I’ve earmarked which replica shirt I’m going to buy for my monthly kickabout (Nigeria’s, obviously). Apart from a more limited range of movement on the football pitch, the only real difference between the 13-year-old me and the 33-year-old me is my appreciation of the World Cup as a theatrical spectacle in itself, devoid of any national or club allegiances. I’m in it for the scandals as well as the skills now, waiting for those moments of high drama and pure technical artistry that transcend the game.
If you find yourself scoffing at that last comment, or you don’t believe that football is capable of producing things of great beauty, then you can’t have seen Dennis Bergkamp’s balletic winner against Argentina in the France 98 quarter final, Pelé’s overhead kick in Escape To Victory, Ronnie Radford’s screamer in the FA Cup, or any goal by Matt Le Tissier. How about Andrea Bocelli serenading Leicester fans with Nessun Dorma after their most improbable of Premier League victories, Cantona’s sardines press conference, John Aldridge’s bard-like use of language at USA 94, or Des Lynam’s narration of the BBC’s France 98 highlights package with Kipling’s If? Even tragic moments like Gazza’s tears at Italia 90 and Zidane’s World Cup final headbutt have passed into common lore as moments that are bigger than the context of football matches, bywords for the romanticism football fans still find in failure. It would be disingenuous to claim that all aspects of football are beautiful, or even that it offers up poetic results every time – but ask any fan what it is that keeps them hooked and they’ll invariably tell you that the communal experience of being a supporter of a team trumps all this. It is encapsulated in those moments when you look across the stadium and catch the eye of a stranger who is celebrating the same glorious moment as you and you see your own feelings of joy and relief reflected in their expression.
In his book Fever Pitch, Nick Hornby summed up the passion verging on obsession that football fans experience and offered a disclaimer to those who can’t quite grasp the intensity of this feeling: “So please, be tolerant of those who describe a sporting moment as their best ever. We do not lack imagination, nor have we had sad and barren lives; it is just that real life is paler, duller, and contains less potential for unexpected delirium.” It is this statement I point to in order to explain why I once celebrated a last-minute Tranmere equaliser by running to the end of the row and hugging a complete stranger (one of the fabled 82 away fans at the Liberty Stadium that day). And why, at around 4.45pm on 12th May 2018 somewhere in North West London, I let out a guttural roar that tore at my vocal chords and I gripped my brother in a rough, one-handed bear hug as tears stung my eyes. Footballing circumstance – in this case, in reaction to James Norwood’s 80th-minute winning header – was the reason for such a raw outpouring of emotion. Whatever you define victory as, the elation of seeing your team achieve their goal is a high like nothing else. And it’s worth enduring a few lows to wait for that ecstatic hit.
Now, where did I leave my swaps…
Everton,
Liverpool Fc,
Mo Salah,
Tranmere Rovers,
DISCO SOCRATES
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/ Craig Engler / 1:07 pm Thu May 13, 2010
Explaining 12 things TV networks do that seem crazy
The network never gave your show a chance. It was scheduled on a night no one watches TV, or put against a ratings powerhouse. The episodes aired out of order, and the time slot got moved. It wasn't marketed properly...you never saw an ad for it, and no one you know saw an ad for it. Plus, the show didn't have enough time to catch on, the network never understood it and wanted it to fail, the DVR numbers were great and the Nielsens are useless anyway.
Why do networks spend tens of millions of dollars on shows then treat them this way? I'll do my best to give you insight into why these things happen, or at least seem to happen. Be warned, you'll disagree with some and quite possibly all of it.
Okay, so here's why networks...
Schedule episodes of a show out of order
There are two main reasons this happens:
1) More people sample a show when it's new, so networks try to run the best episodes first. Sometimes this happens and viewers never know it, and sometimes it's pretty obvious and might do more harm than good.
2) Some episodes originally slated to air earlier in a season might have a problem and need to go back to the shop for more work, so they get pulled, fixed and slotted later.
Move a show to different timeslots
There are a few different reasons this might happen:
1) If it's a new show and it's clearly not working in its timeslot, it gets moved somewhere where it might work better
2) If the show is doing badly but the network doesn't want to just take it off the air, it gets put somewhere out of the way so it doesn't hurt the shows around it. For instance, a low-rated show won't funnel many viewers to the show that immediately follows, thus hurting that show's ratings too.
3) If it's the start of a new season and the old timeslot from last season became problematic (like a ratings juggernaut aimed at the same viewers suddenly appears at the same time on a different network), or maybe a better one became available, the show gets moved.
4) If a show is doing well in a choice timeslot, it might get moved so a new show gets the choice slot in an effort to give the new show its best shot at succeeding. Generally speaking audiences will follow good shows wherever they go. Also, a good way to turn a bad slot into a good slot is to put a good show there.
5) If a show was doing well in its old slot but the network thinks it can do even better in the new slot, it might get moved to try and make it even more successful.
Don't leave a show on long enough to build viewers
History has proven that most series doing badly won't gain more viewers if they're kept running. In fact, they'll shed viewers. Every once in a LONG while a poorly performing show starts doing well. Those are the exceptions that prove the rule. (Viewers who are upset with Syfy because they feel we didn't leave a show on long enough often raise the example of Cheers to me. Citing one show in 28 years actually proves the point.)
Take a show off the air quickly
Leaving poorly performing shows on the air hurts the shows around them and hurts the overall ratings for the network. Also, the show was probably sold to advertisers by guaranteeing them a minimum number of viewers, so replacing that show with something else that performs better will help fulfill at least part of that commitment. If those aspects are factored against the very very very small chance the show might (possibly maybe) gain viewers, the obvious conclusion is reached.
Put a show on hiatus
There are a few ways hiatuses happen:
1) At Syfy we often take a hiatus between half seasons of our shows because airing all the episodes straight would mean a year-long break between seasons. Two half seasons every six months has proven a better way to keep viewer awareness up than one full season followed by a really long break.
2) A hiatus might happen around special events like holidays or the Olympics, so networks aren't airing new episodes of a show when no one's watching.
3) A hiatus might be a planned (or unplanned) break so a network can evaluate how a show is doing and make changes to improve it.
4.) A hiatus might be planned to help the production process...shows take a long time to make and sometimes the writers, producers, cast and crew need some vacation time.
Schedule similar shows opposite one another
Often a network might think a certain time and date might be good for a certain kind of show. Then someone else thinks that too, and neither is willing to give (it's a competitive business after all). Sometimes it's not ideal to leave a show where it is, but the network also can't rearrange its schedule to move the show. Sometimes shows that seem competitive really aren't.
Don't market a show well/at all
There is a finite amount of money and time available to market any given show, and within those restrictions shows are marketed the best they can be. (Same for the marketing of anything else by the way.) Often viewers won't think a show was marketed well because they either never saw an ad or don't think they saw an ad. Often they saw many ads and don't realize it. Or it might be the case that they weren't targeted with ads because the network knew they'd find out about the show other ways. As a rule, EVERYONE on the TV side wants to give show as much marketing as we can afford and we're always trying to figure out ways to get more marketing, or get more efficient marketing. Always.
Remake anything
A bunch of reasons here. First, viewers love to watch remakes even though people say they're sick of them. Also, part of the job marketing the show is already done because people are familiar with it. Creatively, shows might have a really great core premise that makes them timeless as long as they're updated for a contemporary audience from time to time. Possibly some REALLY BIG NAME loved the show as a kid and has an idea for a new twist, and viewers want to see things from the REALLY BIG NAME. Sometimes rights to a property are split up so one company owns the movie rights and someone else owns the TV rights, and one of each gets made. Of course, sometimes it's just bad judgment to remake something.
Remake a recent remake
Listen to the Nielsen numbers/Not listen to the great DVR numbers
The industry standard right now is Nielsen ratings, which are the best measurement tool that's proven workable at the scale needed (i.e. not just theoretically possible but actually able to be implemented and to get everyone to agree to use them). Ratings are the currency of the TV business at the moment, and they're the only way to do business. If a TV network didn't want to use Nielsens it'd be like saying they want to start an ice cream shop but they'll only take gold bars as payment, not the standard cash or credit. DVR numbers are a mixed bag. On the one hand people are watching the show, on the other hand, if they're fast forwarding through commercials, the network isn't making the money it needs from them to support the show. Counting them is tricky.
Don't understand a show
That thing you see in the show that you really love...the great characters, the charming premise, the new twist...someone somewhere at a network saw that before the show was a show, then made the show because of it. Which is why you're now seeing it.
Want a show to fail
If the network wanted a show to fail, they wouldn't put it on the air.
After reading this you might still think what networks do is crazy, or you might think, oh, okay, now I understand. Both points of view are valid, and what works for one show might not work for another. Networks use these tactics because they have proven to work in the long run, and as soon as they can figure out something better, they will. That's not much solace to a fan of a particular show I know, but at least you know there is some method to the (seeming) madness.
As always I'll try to stick around and address your further questions and comments in the comments section.
SHARE / TWEET / COMMENTS
guestblog / television
Charity: “Give to the neediest on Red Nose Day”
On Thursday May 26, Red Nose Day will return for the second year. It’s all about giving to children to fight hunger, sickness, and homelessness. In the video above, the most famous magician in the world, David Copperfield, has his own magical way of asking you to get involved. There’s going to be a two-hour TV show on […]
Strengthening neighborhoods with ... Facebook!
Facebook gets a bad rap, but where I live, it has brought neighbors together, and it started because of the things I didn’t want to share.
Relaxing with scientists
When the Congressional Science committee wants to talk about the cold weather, and when NASA has to defend their budget by explaining why NASA is important, it can make people who believe in facts… a bit tense.
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Tag: sci-fi
An odd little alien romance that’s pretty well-suited for the target audience.
Tasked with abducting a human time-bender, aliens Marcum and Coreg get much more than they bargained for. Competition, sleeper-aliens, and the threat of other, more dangerous aliens keep these characters on their toes while they navigate through their feelings.
And a love-triangle. Beneath the sci-fi exterior, there was a very familiar romance formula. It was done better than most, though. Overdone, but not inherently detrimental.
My favorite part was how Selina’s friend, Alex, was incorporated to be important to the narrative. Rather than being left as the goofy sidekick/love-interest, he was given a solid character and treated to character development. He had his own storyline that assisted with the plot. The only thing that bothered me was how fast things were learned during the climax. Not just for Alex, either. Several characters fell victim to that category. And it all occurred about the same time.
The characters were very likeable and, for the most part, relatable. I liked the way they meshed together to push the story along. Their storylines intertwined without getting in the way of the overarching plot. Not only was Selina’s character development assisted by it, but it also catapulted minor characters into the spotlight. I enjoyed the dialogue; it flowed naturally and helped the characters be engaging. This played towards the more light-hearted tone that the narrative maintained.
The switching between first and third person was jarring, no matter how much I understood the desire to tell both sides of the story.
Overall an interesting read. There was definitely more than enough there to pique my interest in the rest of the series.
Author Book Reviews AnonymousPosted on August 8, 2018 August 8, 2018 Categories book reviewTags featured, sci-fi, science fiction, ya, young adultLeave a comment on The Time Bender, by Debra Chapoton
Blades of the Fallen, by Ross Harrison
An awesome, Mass Effect-esque adventure of galactic proportions.
What seemed to be a simple assignment for two aspiring Vanguard turned into a haunting nightmare. Necurians are generally a peaceful race, but the upcoming conflict is going to test any and all of their convictions as they pursue a merciless killer across space.
Let me just say: wow. This was excellent from start to finish. Such a beautiful, expansive, and detailed world was created amidst so few pages. There were only a few instances of long, lengthy explanations of history or backstory. The rest was spread out and drip-fed as it became relavent to the plot so as not to overwhelm the reader. Great care was taken in the creation of the world and it really shows.
Allegories for sexism and racism in the modern world were also heavy themes throughout. There were arguments done from both sides, and it was tasteful, meant to actually make the reader ponder about morality for a moment.
The characters were wonderful as well. Significant differences were seen in their personalities at the end. Their development was thorough, emotional, and relevant to the kind of character they were. Psionic abilities were given to the Necurians, but they weren’t all-powerful. Appropriate nerfs were applied to their powers so that they still had challenges to overcome.
The depth of the plot was astounding. There were a few different storylines intersecting throughout, all coming from different characters and different corners of the galaxy. Some were shorter than others, yet still necessary to either plot or character development. I didn’t have any questions left over at the end, nor was I left feeling unfulfilled at the resolution itself. Fight scenes are hard to pull off, and this novel excelled at them.
This was an excellent book. The opening was a little slow, but once past that, it doesn’t stop. I can see inspiration drawn from several big-name fantasy and sci-fi sources. And, it was sci-fi made accessible for the casual reader. The writing style kept the readers attention, and felt fresh and fun the whole way through. This was a wonderful book. Definitely an author I want to keep an eye on.
Author Book Reviews AnonymousPosted on June 5, 2018 Categories book reviewTags art, book review, books, featured, sci-fi, science fiction, space opera, thriller, writing1 Comment on Blades of the Fallen, by Ross Harrison
Matters Arising From the Identification of the Body, by Simon Petrie
A detectives job is always significantly worse when the investigation involves those of wealthy backgrounds. For one reason or another, there just always seems to be something sinister and off about them. Tanja Morgenstein’s apparent suicide is causing Guerline Scarfe a serious headache, mostly because nothing is as it seems on Titan.
Okay, first of all, awesome setting for a detective story. Titan, and I assumed it’s the one we all know and love as Saturn’s moon, was where all of this took place, which makes this a sci-fi detective story. And the science fiction aspect is wonderful. Technical, without being overwhelming or jargon-heavy, so that casual sci-fi fans could also enjoy.
As far as the mystery genre goes, another point for this novel. The pacing seemed right, and the reader was drip-fed enough information to let them draw their own conclusions without holding their hand.
Scarfe was a wonderful protagonist to follow. She didn’t really follow many of the stereotypes present in either the mystery/detective genre, nor much in science fiction, either. I also can’t say that much stood out with her—she wasn’t a super-genius, a “hero”, or anything like that—she just was. And I think that’s what made her so appealing to me. She was well-suited for the nature of the novel.
Speaking of, the nice ended on an excellent cliffhanger. The author crafted their book to keep the readers turning pages, and it worked like a charm. I’m so looking forward to the next installment of the series.
Author Book Reviews AnonymousPosted on May 31, 2018 Categories book reviewTags art, book review, books, detectives, featured, mystery, sci-fi, science fiction, writing1 Comment on Matters Arising From the Identification of the Body, by Simon Petrie
The Dream Recorder, by C. M. Haynes
Life after death is certainly more exciting than Abby could have hoped for. Being a Dream Recorder means that she watches and records dreams. At least, until something goes awry and suddenly they’re inside the Dreamscape, affecting billions of people worldwide.
The novella is a rather delightful one, featuring a wonderful cast of characters and a well-executed plot. Everything felt smooth from start to finish. The world was planned well and the writing style suited it excellently. There were so many creative, nuanced things that helped enhance the narrative and keep the reader incredibly interested. I had a hard time putting it down.
I will say there are some minor edits needed, mostly involving tense change from past to present. However the rest of the novella is pure quality so those factors can be overlooked.
Definitely a good read. I enjoyed it very much.
Author Book Reviews AnonymousPosted on May 28, 2018 Categories book reviewTags art, book review, books, contemporary fiction, fantasy, featured, mystery, sci-fi, science fiction, writing1 Comment on The Dream Recorder, by C. M. Haynes
My Shorts, by Arthur Doweyko
Fans of science fiction—more specifically, time travel—will enjoy this collection of short stories. They’re the kind of short stories that always end abruptly, but leave enough information for the reader to piece together what happens. They vary from “holy crap” to “nuh-uh!” endings. While the stories hold similar themes, they do differ greatly between them; different theories and methods of time travel and different consequences. The author at least knows their stuff and it shows.
The one drawback is that these are short stories, so whatever world and characters the author creates are short-lived and not very fleshed out. Most of them are interesting enough that I would love to read a full-length novel.
Author Book Reviews AnonymousPosted on May 17, 2018 May 17, 2018 Categories book reviewTags anthology, art, book review, books, can’t asy, featured, sci-fi, science fiction, short story, writingLeave a comment on My Shorts, by Arthur Doweyko
The Rain (The Government Rain Mysteries), by L. A. Frederick
For me, this one started weird and took some time to adjust to the writing style. Given the genre, some level of ambiguity is expected. Enough of it builds tension and creates the desire for the reader to continue on. The opening of this felt too ambiguous.
Once beyond that, however, and into the main story, the curtain raised.
Deadly experiments by the government (who else?) to study a very special group of people bring a very unlikely cast together to uncover the truth of the rain before it’s too late.
Rain is told through alternating point of views, both good and bad. It felt more like a rounded story, being able to see Doctor Zhirkov’s side of the ordeal; it made him feel more like a character and less of a plot device. We got to see him face off against Evaline the reporter and Reinhardt the vigilante firsthand. It allowed for the reader to gather information without lots of monologuing or following the same character from start to finish. Perspective switches were smooth as well. They gave adequate indication of the person, setting, and time, much in the way Stephen King separates his chapters.
All of the characters were connected, a detail the author paid close attention to. Details didn’t really feel muddled between them. The reasons behind their individual story lines were emotional and provided good character motivation.
There’s editing needed. There are some elements of backstory (like how Evaline began her research project into this mysterious underbelly) that were either left out, or not explained very well. Remember when I said there was a lot of ambiguity? Things do clear up the farther into the story the reader gets, but there’s still some small, fine details like that for continuity’s sake that were missing.
This was still a very interesting novel. Quite a bit of imagination and creativity went into not just the experiments, but the mutations as well. Reading a sequel would definitely not be out of the equation for me.
Author Book Reviews AnonymousPosted on February 3, 2018 Categories book reviewTags art, book review, books, fantasy, horror, sci-fi, science fiction, urban fantasy, writingLeave a comment on The Rain (The Government Rain Mysteries), by L. A. Frederick
Icarus, by David Hulegaard
Whatever ending I expected, Icarus did not follow. The storyline veered hard to the right in an interesting way that will surely suck readers right in.
After a young girl goes missing, her friend hires Miller Brinkman, P.I. to investigate. What he finds begins a crazy adventure that pushes the bounds of the genre.
Aside from Miller sounding like a neckbeard on occasion (“I tipped my Fedora…”) he was a very likeable character. For a mystery novel it progressed in a patient manner that aided the narrative and didn’t give too much away. The foreshadowing was pretty on point as the book managed to hold everything to the end.
The mystery itself was also a rather riveting one. Things certainly were what they seemed like at the beginning. That’s what mysteries are for, though, right? At the heart of it were good characters. They were different from each other, with their own voices and their own role to play in the narrative.
I liked the way the style transitioned to accommodate the supernatural themes. It definitely had an X-Files theme to it towards the end.
While the novel and singular mystery wrapped up nicely at the conclusion, it ended on such a cliffhanger. And it was a good one, done in just the right way with enough tension to still make the reader feel a little anxious. I genuinely enjoyed it. I would love to read the sequels.
Author Book Reviews AnonymousPosted on January 30, 2018 Categories book reviewTags art, book review, books, featured, mystery, paranormal, sci-fi, science fiction, writingLeave a comment on Icarus, by David Hulegaard
Nosferatu Chronicles: Origins, by Susan Hamilton
Vampires are not my thing. I’m going to go ahead and get that out of the way. Nosferatu and the original Dracula were alright, but I lose my taste for even them after the Twilight fiasco.
These vampires—Vambir, these alien freakin’ vampires—are totally my thing.
First of all, let’s talk about how we have sci-fi vamps. Second, let’s talk about how well they’re integrated into the era of Vlad the Impaler and the legend of Count Dracula. And Nosferatu. And modern vampires. Origins progresses history with the evolution of vampires. Not only was a thorough explanation given for the transformations, but they were all so integral to the plot.
Not only was the story seamless, so were characters. There was a wide array, and each of them had distinct personality—which, like everything else, served the plot well. Dialogue read easily and naturally.
It was filled with wonderful tension, suspense, and political intrigue. Every moment was carefully planned, and not a page was wasted getting there. Character development was on-point. Perspective switched were excellently placed. Each one allowed for the story to be told in an interesting way. It also utilized the ‘two sides to every story’-type narrative incredibly well.
This was a good book. A really good book. It gave me hope for the vampire genre. When I was it was hard to put down, I mean it. This was a really good book.
Author Book Reviews AnonymousPosted on January 20, 2018 January 19, 2018 Categories book reviewTags book review, books, featured, historical fiction, nosferatu, sci-fi, science fiction, vampires1 Comment on Nosferatu Chronicles: Origins, by Susan Hamilton
Devourer: A Minister Knight Novel, by Nicole Givens Kurtz
Oh, man. The past few books I’ve read, Harkworth Hall and Anarchy, have made good on delivering some aspects of diversity. I’m very happy to announce that Devourer does so as well, and the author makes sure there’s no misinterpreting that fact.
A great evil is coming back to Veloris. Skin, once called a Devourer, seeks to protect a former lover from the evil, and as such, save the world. Of course she fails, and is not set on a dangerous path that could potentially end the life of everything she’s ever loved.
When I started reading, I noticed that the world building was really spaced out, like I’d been dropped into the second or third novel in the series. Lo and behold, I had. There were things that made more sense once I realized where I was at in the series, and yet I still feel like I missed critical bits of information. I would definitely start with the first of the series to familiarize yourself with what kind of world you’re dealing with.
The writing style was pretty good. Description and detail felt on the level, though perspective switches felt awkward and abrupt mid-chapter. It ended up being a little jarring. Hopefully it was just the formatting of the copy I received.
Betrayal, redemption, and forgiveness were heavy themes throughout and the aided in character development. Each of the characters had their own storyline to accomplish. Their stories served to aid the plot and their development, too. For the most part, the characters felt different from each other and three-dimensional. There were a few spots where their individual voices sort of started to blend together, but they managed to come back and right themselves.
There were a lot of good qualities contained within this novel. It’s an interesting story with a diverse cast of characters, something that’s pretty important to me as a reader. Magic and science-fiction can be combined for a good backdrop, which is exactly what this novel manages.
Author Book Reviews AnonymousPosted on December 30, 2017 February 5, 2018 Categories book reviewTags book review, books, fantasy, lgbt, sci-fi, science fiction7 Comments on Devourer: A Minister Knight Novel, by Nicole Givens Kurtz
The Euclidian: Alien Hitman, by Jay Cannon
Left alone on Earth to retrieve alien fugitives, Adar quickly put to use a very unique method to tracking his quarry. An alien himself, his options are severely limited.
Adar felt a bit like Captain Kirk as he navigated his way through life on Earth (and its women). Smooth, for the most part. Purposeful. Always got the girl. Only, Adar loved to kill and smash. He was smart, however, and yet lacked empathy at the beginning. The human race has an excellent track record of assisting the development of this kind of character. Noticeable at the end, the friends Adar made along the way really opened his eyes.
There was a very intergalactic united front. Various kinds of aliens from different planets worked together cohesively. Earth is, of course, the exception. Earth is always the exception. It blended many different sci-fi tropes into one novel. Some were relatively cliché, but there were a few that had very nice twists to them. One thing I had an issue with was how easily people accepted aliens into their midst. Sure, it helped the plot right along, but it felt too easy in places.
Writing style wasn’t bad. The pacing of the novel fit the way the story unfolded. There was lots of action and the wording fit that. I liked the way the characters dealt with each other. Characters themselves were certainly a different breed, but I liked it. The author managed to take heavy stereotypes and made them meaningful. A female character wasn’t hypersexual because she had daddy issues—she just enjoyed it. There was a different kind of depth to the characters that made them stand out.
Alien Hitman is a sci-fi novel with non-traditional overtones. It was pretty well-written, and managed to show the reader just why moral grey areas are such quandaries. There was a cast of great characters, and all the action a reader could want.
Author Book Reviews AnonymousPosted on December 17, 2017 February 5, 2018 Categories book reviewTags art, book review, books, sci-fi, science fiction, writing1 Comment on The Euclidian: Alien Hitman, by Jay Cannon
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Publications and Legislation
Indhold start
If you are the subject of complaint
The Institution's ability to take action on its own instigation
If you need a counselor
Campaigning and confidentiality
The figure below briefly illustrates the procedure for handling complaints.
The Mediation and Complaints-Handling Institution endeavours to establish a framework for mediation, dialogue and conflict resolution. This is evident in the initial phase when the parties are encouraged to resolve the matter themselves and also plays an important role when the Institution offers to mediate between the parties. The starting point is therefore that the parties should work together to resolve a specific complaint. The Mediation and Complaints-Handling Institution only releases a statement if the parties are unable to resolve the conflict independently or through mediation facilitated by the Institution. There may also be cases where the infringement is considered to be of such a serious nature that the Institution does not offer to mediate.
1. Initial assessment
When the Institution receives a complaint, the complaint is assessed to determine, in particular, whether it complies with formal requirements: the complaint cannot be anonymous, and it must be accompanied by a description of what has happened and corresponding documentation, including the respondent company’s role in the infringement. The Institution evaluates whether the complaint falls within the scope of the Guidelines. On the basis of the initial assessment, the Institution will either reject the complaint or accept it for further consideration.
2. Options for resolving the matter independently
When a complaint is approved for further consideration, the Institution encourages the parties (petitioner and respondent) to resolve the matter themselves. This serves to create the basis for a dialogue between the parties. If the parties succeed in resolving the matter on their own, the Institution has no further involvement. The parties must simply notify the Mediation and Complaints-Handling Institution within three months from submission of the complaint to indicate whether they have found a solution. Matters resolved between the parties are not subject to any form of publication by the Institution.
3. Preliminary investigation
If the parties fail to resolve the matter themselves, the Institution investigates the matter further. This is called the preliminary investigation. The initial requirements to the complaint still apply but the Institution considers the matter in the light of any new information that may have become available in connection with the parties’ attempt at resolving the matter themselves. New information may have become available, and the Institution takes on a more active role. The Institution decides whether to consider the matter further and perhaps offer to mediate between the parties. The Institution publishes its decision on its website.
4. Mediation
The Institution offers mediation if the parties fail to resolve the matter themselves and the detailed investigation shows that there are reasons to consider the matter further. Mediation is voluntary and merely an offer made by the Institution. If the parties accept the offer for mediation, the Institution helps create a constructive and meaningful dialogue between the parties. If a solution is reached through mediation, the Institution publishes the result of the mediation. The Institution follows up a year later to see whether the parties have complied with the mediation agreement.
5. Actual investigation
The Institution carries out an actual investigation if mediation fails to resolve the matter or if the parties reject the offer for mediation. The Institution may also consider some cases unsuitable for mediation, for example when gross infringements are involved. On the basis of the investigation, the Institution publishes a statement that may clear the responding party or contain criticism of its conduct. In its statement, the Institution provides recommendations for what the company should do to improve the situation.
Overview of Case handling process
Overview as PDF
OECDThe Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
The Mediation and Complaints-Handling Institution for Responsible Business Conduct
Langelinie Allé 17
Phone: +45 35 29 10 00 Send us an email
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Downtown Springfield Now Has an App to Accompany Walking Tour
By BusinessWest Staff August 30, 2017 708 No comment
SPRINGFIELD — Finding the next big thing or a historic old thing is now easier than ever. The Springfield Central Cultural District (SCCD) has launched an app version of its Cultural Walking Tour.
The walking tour, first introduced in the summer of 2015, is a tool designed to be used by visitors or residents to learn more about the city’s architectural, historic, and cultural highlights. Printed maps are available at attractions and the visitor’s center, and a video map is hosted on springfieldculture.org, but until now, it wasn’t possible to access easily on your phone.
Easily found by searching ‘Springfield Cultural Tour’ in the App Store or Google Play, visitors and residents alike can learn something new about the Cultural District and its assets. Public art; attractions like the Armory, Springfield Museums, and Basketball Hall of Fame; and architectural and historic points of interest have background information and video that are accessible from the app, which is based in Google Maps. Users can choose what they’re interested in and sort points of interest.
“As people walk around, they can see themselves moving through the app. What we couldn’t do before this existed was point out the HH Richardson Courthouse or the Sol Lewitt mural without being on site with a visitor. Now they can see it in real time, and navigate directly there on their own schedule,” said Morgan Drewniany, SCCD director.
The app was designed to not only engage a changing demographic in and around Springfield to appreciate their surroundings, but to help shed light on little-known assets within the downtown and orient visitors not familiar with the area. Paper maps will continue to be available alongside the app.
The project was funded by the Community Foundation of Western Massachusetts. Additional support was provided by the city of Springfield, the Greater Springfield Convention and Visitor’s Bureau, and the Springfield Business Improvement District.
Fort Street in Springfield to Host ALS Ice Bucket Challenge Today
Chicopee Savings Foundation Supports Dress for Success Boutique
Cooley Dickinson Nurse Honored by Cancer-awareness Program
Sarno Issues Sanctions Against Show Bar
By BusinessWest Staff June 30, 2016
Michael Case Appointed Board Chair at Holyoke Soldiers’ Home
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Tag: attorney general
New Approach Montana Submits 2020 Marijuana Legalization Ballot Initiatives for State Review
Jan 14, 2020 Kate Zawidzki
2020 ballot campaign, 2020 ballot initiative, attorney general, ballot initiative, cannabis regulation, constitutional amendment, Election Day 2020, legalization, Legislative Services Division, Montana, Montana Secretary of State, MT, New Approach Montana, Pepper Petersen, signature drive, statutory initiative, Tax and Regulate
Secretary of State and Attorney General must review the proposed initiatives before signature collecting can begin
New Approach Montana, a statewide political campaign working to legalize, regulate, and tax marijuana, today submitted two complementary 2020 ballot initiatives to the state government for review. The first is a statutory initiative that would legalize marijuana in Montana for adults aged 21 and over and establish a regulatory framework for cultivation and sales. The second is a constitutional amendment that would allow the legal minimum age for marijuana consumption to be 21.
“Montanans support legalizing marijuana and setting the minimum age at 21,” said Pepper Petersen, spokesperson for New Approach Montana. “Our initiatives will give voters the opportunity to approve those laws at the ballot box on Election Day. It’s time for Montana to stop wasting law enforcement resources that could be spent fighting more serious crime. We can shift marijuana out of the illicit market and into licensed, regulated, and tax-paying businesses. At the same time, we can create jobs and generate significant new revenue for the state.”
The initiatives were hand-delivered to the Secretary of State and the Legislative Services Division today, starting a review process that will also involve the Attorney General and the Governor’s budget director.
New Approach Montana is sponsoring both initiatives, which were were drafted with the assistance of Montana voters, stakeholders, and policy experts.
“These initiatives are the result of a collaborative and diligent drafting process,” said Petersen. “We held seven community listening sessions across the state and received input from hundreds of Montana voters. We’ve spoken with community, church, and tribal leaders. Montana lawyers with experience in ballot initiative drafting and litigation have carefully vetted the details. We’ve received input from Montanans with expertise on our state’s existing medical marijuana program, civil rights, and fiscal policy. We have covered every base.”
The statutory initiative establishes a legalization policy that builds upon Montana’s existing medical marijuana framework.
“It was important to us that Montana entrepreneurs and businesses would be in a strong position to compete in the legalization market, and our initiative ensures that will be the case,” said Petersen. “We have every confidence that this uniquely Montanan approach to marijuana legalization, regulation, and taxation will gain widespread support at the ballot box in November.”
After the Attorney General has approved the final petitions, New Approach Montana must gather 25,468 signatures to qualify the statutory initiative for the 2020 ballot and 50,936 signatures to qualify the constitutional initiative.
New Approach Montana determined that it was necessary to amend the state constitution if Montana was going to follow the example of every other legal state by restricting marijuana to those 21 years and older.
“There is strong precedent for changing the Montana constitution to restrict marijuana to those 21 years and older,” said Petersen. “As a state, we amended the constitution in 1986 to allow the legislature to restrict alcohol sales to those 21 and over. Our 2020 constitutional amendment adds just two words to existing constitutional language that addresses alcohol, so that marijuana can be age-restricted in the same manner.”
The statutory initiative allows possession of up to an ounce by adults aged 21 and older, establishes the Montana Department of Revenue as the regulatory agency, gives Montana medical marijuana providers first entry into the expanded marijuana market, and reduces the tax on medical marijuana from two percent to one percent.
The initiative sets a 20% sales tax on marijuana (this would not apply to medical marijuana) and allocates the tax revenue to land, water, and wildlife conservation programs, veteran services, substance abuse treatment, long-term health care, local governments where marijuana is sold, and general revenue for the state.
“Our campaign’s initial analysis found that a 20% marijuana sales tax would generate over $37 million per year in new revenue by 2025,” Peterson said.
More information, including the full texts of the initiatives, can be found at: www.newapproachmt.org.
Kentucky general election will take place November 5
Allison Ball, attorney general, Attorney General Andy Beshear, candidates, cannabis policy, Daniel Cameron, Former Attorney General Greg Stumbo, general election, Gov. Matt Bevin, governor, John Hicks, Kentucky, KY, medical cannabis, Medical Marijuana, Michael Bowman, treasurer
Candidates for governor and attorney general have debated medical cannabis — find out where they stand before you go to the polls!
Kentucky’s general election is scheduled for Tuesday, November 5, and the candidates for governor and attorney general have all been talking about cannabis policy. Here’s a brief overview of what they’ve been saying:
In the race for governor, incumbent Gov. Matt Bevin (R) has indicated support for medical cannabis, but he has been harshly critical of Colorado and other states that have legalized for adult use. During a recent debate, he asked, “How’s that working out for Illinois?” (Illinois’ legalization law does not take effect until January 1, 2020.) The Democratic candidate, Attorney General Andy Beshear, has indicated strong support for medical cannabis, and Libertarian candidate John Hicks supports legalization for both medical and adult use.
When the two candidates for attorney general appeared on KET’s “Kentucky Tonight” on October 14, Daniel Cameron (R) said, “I think we need a discussion about medical marijuana,” but he seemed to defer to law enforcement on the issue, saying, “I think they’re a little bit leery.” Former Attorney General Greg Stumbo (D) said he strongly supports medical cannabis, and he will “push for and advocate” decriminalizing possession of small amounts. Notably, Stumbo sponsored a medical cannabis bill during his time in the General Assembly.
Finally, in the race for treasurer, challenger Michael Bowman (D) supports medical cannabis and has called for “a conversation” about legalization. A web search did not reveal any public comments on the issue from incumbent Allison Ball (R).
State legislators do not face re-election this year, but now would be a great time to remind them that you want to see Kentucky pass a medical cannabis law in 2020! Write your legislators today.
After you write your legislators, please share this message with your friends and family and remind them to vote on Tuesday, November 5!
Illinois: Cannabis reform candidates J.B. Pritzker, Kwame Raoul, Bob Morgan cruise to victory
Nov 08, 2018 Kate Zawidzki
2018 election, 58th District, attorney general, Bob Morgan, Chicago Sun Times, Chicago Tribune, Election 2018, election results, governor, IL, Illinois, Illinois House of Representatives, J.B. Pritzker, Kwame Raoul, legalization, Rep. Kelly Cassidy, Sen. Heather Steans, Tax and Regulate
Yesterday’s blue wave in Illinois poised to become a green wave next session
Gubernatorial candidate J.B. Pritzker, who has been a vocal supporter of legalizing, taxing, and regulating cannabis for adults’ use, appears to have handily won yesterday’s gubernatorial election. While official election results are still pending, both the Chicago Tribune and the Chicago Sun-Times reported a margin of victory of around 55% of the vote.
In the race for state attorney general, cannabis reform supporter Sen. Kwame Raoul also notched a win with around 54% of the vote. Both J.B. Pritzker and Kwame Raoul were rated A+ candidates by MPP leading up to the election for their strong positions in support of sensible marijuana policy.
And a hearty congratulations go out to friend-of-the-movement Bob Morgan, who won the 58th District seat in the Illinois House of Representatives! Morgan headed up the successful launch of the state’s medical cannabis program, and as a private attorney, Bob has continued to be engaged in cannabis reform. He is a welcome addition to the General Assembly.
Yesterday’s results come as Sen. Heather Steans and Rep. Kelly Cassidy prepare to introduce a revised bill for the session starting in January that would legalize cannabis for adults in Illinois. This moment is a huge step toward the bill’s passage and an exciting moment for those who seek an end to cannabis prohibition in Illinois.
Jeff Sessions Confirmed as Attorney General
attorney general, Department of Justice, DOJ, Fox News Channel, Jeff Session, Loretta Lynch, Sean Spicer, Trump
On Wednesday, Alabama Sen. Jeff Sessions was narrowly confirmed as the new Attorney General in a 51-47 vote, split largely along party lines.
MPP released the following statement from its federal policies director, Robert Capecchi:
"MPP remains cautiously optimistic that the Trump administration will refrain from interfering in state marijuana laws. When asked about his plans for marijuana enforcement, Attorney General Sessions said he ‘echo[es]’ the position taken by Loretta Lynch during her confirmation hearings. He repeatedly acknowledged the scarcity of enforcement resources, and he said he would ensure they are used as effectively as possible to stop illicit drugs from being trafficked into the country.
"President Trump has consistently said that states should be able to determine their own marijuana laws, and his spokesperson made it clear that the attorney general will be implementing the Trump agenda. We are hopeful that Mr. Sessions will follow the president’s lead and respect states’ rights on marijuana policy.
“A strong and growing majority of Americans think marijuana should be made legal, and an even stronger majority think the federal government should respect state marijuana laws. Eight states have adopted laws that regulate and tax marijuana for adult use, and 28 states now have laws that regulate marijuana for medical use. It would be shocking if the Trump administration attempted to steamroll the citizens and governments in these states to enforce an increasingly unpopular federal policy.”
Sessions was asked about marijuana policy on multiple occasions during the confirmation process. During his oral testimony, he conspicuously refrained from committing to enforce federal marijuana prohibition laws in states that are regulating marijuana for medical and adult use, noting the scarcity of resources available. In his written testimony, he said he “echo[es]” the comments made by former Attorney General Loretta Lynch, when she was asked about marijuana enforcement during her confirmation hearing.
President Donald Trump has consistently said that he supports legal access to medical marijuana and believes states should be able to determine their own marijuana policies. During a January appearance on Fox News Channel, Trump spokesman Sean Spicer signaled that Sessions would adhere to Trump’s position that states should be able to establish their own marijuana policies. “When you come into a Trump administration, it’s the Trump agenda you’re implementing and not your own,” he said. “I think Senator Sessions is well aware of that.”
Marijuana Policy Reformers Wary of Jeff Sessions as Attorney General
attorney general, DEA, Department of Justice, DOJ, Donal Trump, Jeff Sessions, Robert Capecchi
[caption id="attachment_10197" align="alignright" width="170"] Sen. Jeff Sessions (PHOTO: Gaga Skidmore)[/caption]
President-elect Trump's pick for the top law enforcement position is known for making some disturbing statements, particularly about marijuana, that have made activists extremely nervous about federal marijuana policy in the next administration. Sen. Jeff Sessions (R-Alabama), who is likely to be confirmed as attorney general in the coming months, has been pretty clear that he is no fan of marijuana, legalization, or marijuana consumers.
The Week reports:
Sessions has called for more federal prosecutions of marijuana growers and businesses in states where it is legal. He said in April that it's important for the government to send a "message with clarity that good people don't smoke marijuana." He declared that "we need grownups in charge in Washington to say marijuana is not the kind of thing that ought to be legalized, it ought not to be minimized, that it's in fact a very real danger."
One of the major difficulties in the burgeoning pot industry has long been the federal government's ability to prosecute businesses that the states say are legal. Making Sessions the head of the agency in charge of federal law enforcement and prosecutions has many in the cannabis community quite concerned.
Robert Capecchi, the director of federal policies at the Marijuana Policy Project, noted that Sessions would face at least one stumbling block: The Rohrabacher-Farr amendment to the annual appropriations bill (which has to be renewed annually) prohibits the Department of Justice and the DEA from using money to target or prosecute state-compliant medical marijuana businesses. But other than that hurdle, Capechhi said, the only thing standing between Sessions and a crusade against states' legal pot industries is "just DOJ policy." And policies are not laws. "There's nothing set in stone."
Capecchi, though, is holding out hope, noting that Trump had suggested on the campaign trail that he supported medical marijuana and the states' rights argument in favor of full legalization. "I think the business man in Mr. Trump can see if you go after these businesses you drive all this legal and regulated marijuana market back underground."
Many marijuana policy reform supporters, including MPP, are hopeful that Sessions will respect the rights of states to establish their own marijuana policies — a position President-elect Trump took during the campaign). Of course we will be closely monitoring the situation, defending the progress we have made so far, and continuing to pressure the administration and Congress to end marijuana prohibition.
Vermont Bill to Make Marijuana Legal for Adults Poised for Full Senate Vote
Feb 22, 2016 Morgan Fox
attorney general, Castleton Polling Institute, Jerome Diamond, Kimberly Cheney, S. 241, Senate Appropriations Committee, Senate Finance Committee, Senate Judiciary Committee, Vermont, Vermont Public Radio, William Sorrell
Today, the Vermont Senate Appropriations Committee voted 4-3 to approve S. 241, a bill that would end marijuana prohibition for adults and create a regulated and taxed system for marijuana production and sale. The bill has already been approved by the Senate Judiciary Committee and the Senate Finance Committee.
Next, S. 241 will move to the Senate floor for a vote by the full Senate, which will probably happen later this week. If it passes there, it will go to the House of Representatives, and the committee process will begin anew after the legislature takes a break for Town Meeting Week (February 29 to March 4).
[caption id="attachment_9605" align="alignright" width="250"] Attorney General William Sorrell[/caption]
Last week, Vermont Attorney General William Sorrell and two former attorneys general, Jerome Diamond and Kimberly Cheney, sent a letter to legislators encouraging them to move forward with the proposal to end prohibition and regulate marijuana.
Earlier today, Vermont Public Radio released the results of a new poll conducted by the Castleton Polling Institute that found 55% of Vermonters support passing a law to legalize and regulate marijuana for adult use. Only 32% said they are opposed. The survey of 895 Vermonters was conducted February 3-17.
If you are a Vermont resident, please send them an email urging them to support S. 241.
Vermont Coalition Launches Ad Campaign with Former State Attorney General
Jan 12, 2016 Matt Simon
attorney general, Kimberly Cheney, Law Enforcement Against Prohibition, LEAP, Vermont, Vermont Coalition to Regulate Marijuana, Washington County
On Tuesday, the Vermont Coalition to Regulate Marijuana held a press conference to announce the launch of an ad campaign featuring former Vermont Attorney General Kimberly Cheney highlighting the benefits of regulating marijuana.
Cheney served as Vermont attorney general from 1973 to 1975. Previously, he served as an assistant attorney general and was elected Washington County states attorney. He has held a variety of other civic positions and is a member of Law Enforcement Against Prohibition (LEAP).
The ads can be viewed here.
Last week, Gov. Peter Shumlin said Vermont “[has] the capacity to take this next step and get marijuana legalization done right” in 2016, and he promised state lawmakers he will work with them to “craft the right bill that thoughtfully and carefully eliminates the era of prohibition that is currently failing us so miserably.”
Vermont Attorney General Predicts Legislature Will Legalize Marijuana 2016
Sep 22, 2015 Morgan Fox
attorney general, Bill Sorrell, Matt Simon, Shap Smith, Tax and Regulate, Vermont, VT
[caption id="attachment_9196" align="alignright" width="200"] Attorney General Bill Sorrell[/caption]
While many states will be considering making marijuana legal in 2016, Vermont may be the first to do so through its legislature. MPP's New England Political Director Matt Simon is so optimistic that he is moving to the state from nearby New Hampshire in order to spend more time working with lawmakers there. Now, the state's attorney general has predicted that Vermont will make history next year.
VTDigger.org reports:
[Attorney General Bill] Sorrell said in an interview Tuesday that while he doesn’t have any “insider information,” it’s his belief that the General Assembly will pass, and the governor will sign, legislation to legalize and regulate the recreational use and sale of marijuana during the upcoming legislative session.
While no “prominent Vermonter” has told him that marijuana will be legalized, his reading of the tea leaves (“or the marijuana leaves,” he quipped) is that this is the year for legalization.
“Let me put it this way, I will be surprised if marijuana is not legalized in this next legislative session,” he said.
The evidence as he sees it? There is a clear path through the Legislature now that House Speaker Shap Smith says he favors legalization of marijuana. In previous legislative sessions, Smith has taken a “wait-and-see” approach, and has not allowed legislation to reach the floor of the House.
There are enough votes for legislation to pass in the Senate, he says, and outgoing Gov. Peter Shumlin has said he would sign a bill.
As momentum builds toward legalization, the Marijuana Policy Project has stepped up its lobbying efforts in Vermont. Its New England political director is moving to Montpelier to lobby full time.
Once legislation is crafted, there will be a contentious rulemaking process. Vermont, however, doesn’t have to reinvent the wheel, Sorrell said. The state can draw from the experience of other states, such Washington, Oregon, Alaska and Colorado, that have, or are in the process of, regulating recreational marijuana industries, he said.
Vermont would be the first state to legalize marijuana solely through legislative action. Massachusetts is expected to have residents vote on a ballot initiative as soon as November 2016.
If you are a Vermont resident, please contact your legislators and ask them to support making marijuan legal for adults and regulating it like alcohol.
Initiative to Regulate Marijuana in Massachusetts Filed Today
Aug 05, 2015 Morgan Fox
attorney general, Campaign to Regulate Marijuana like Alcohol, CRMLA, Massachusetts, Tax and Regulate
Earlier today, proponents of the Campaign to Regulate Marijuana Like Alcohol in Massachusetts filed an initiative that would make marijuana legal for adults age 21 and older, and would regulate the cultivation, production, and retail sale of the substance.
You can find a summary of the initiative here.
Once the Massachusetts Attorney General has approved the initiative, proponents must collect the signatures of 64,750 Massachusetts voters over a nine-week period from September to November. The petition would then be transmitted to the Massachusetts Legislature. If the legislature does not adopt the measure, initiative backers must collect 10,792 signatures in June 2016 to place the initiative on the November 2016 ballot.
Eric Holder Reigns in DEA Chief Michele Leonhart for Undermining Obama’s Position on Marijuana Sentencing
May 16, 2014 Kate Zawidzki
attorney general, DEA, Eric Holder, insubordination, marijuana, Michele Leonhart, Smarter Sentencing Act
[caption id="attachment_7648" align="alignright" width="300"] Left, Michele Leonhart; right, Eric Holder[/caption]
In recent talks with Attorney General Eric Holder, DEA Chief Michele Leonhart was encouraged to tone down the Drug War propaganda she has been advancing since the Obama administration did not sue the state of Colorado for legalizing marijuana. Since then, she has taken several public stands against the administration’s rhetoric on marijuana legalization and, more recently, lessening the punishment of people who commit federal drug crimes.
According to Huffington Post’s Ryan Reilly and Ryan Grim, Leonhart was "called in" by Holder for a "one [on] one chat about her recent insubordination." As a 34-year bureaucrat of the DEA, Leonhart is having a hard time shifting her tone away from the DEA’s aggressive stance against illegal drugs.
Since the talks, Leonhart has said she “supports the Attorney General’s sentencing reform initiative to ensure those sentences are imposed appropriately” through legislation like the Smarter Sentencing Act. This type of legislation would save taxpayers billions of dollars and keep thousands of people out of jail for certain types of nonviolent crimes, like marijuana use, by eliminating mandatory minimum sentencing.
Michele Leonhart’s alignment with the Obama administration’s stance on drug sentencing and marijuana policy creates cautious optimism for change in the prosecution of unnecessary federal arrests.
Penalties against drug use should not be more damaging to an individual than the use of the drug itself. Nowhere is this more clear than in the laws against the possession of marijuana in private for personal use.
Former President Jimmy Carter, message to Congress, August 2, 1977
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Homes For Sale Near Me Map | Titusville FL
While Brevard County has transportation available in the usual modes for a coastal county—highways, shipping, and airlines—it has the addition of space transportation, making it unique in the world.[248]
Jump up ^ “Table 1. Annual Estimates of the Population of Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2012”. 2012 Population Estimates. United States Census Bureau, Population Division. March 2013. Archived from the original (CSV) on 1 April 2013. Retrieved 20 March 2013.
Find out more about this beautiful Central Florida area. Get details on Brevard County real estate, delightful regional features, communities and neighborhoods on the Space Coast, with my unique website resources. If you have a question about the area or its homes for sale, contact me directly. Take advantage of my many years of experience and real estate expertise.
Eriksen, John (1994). Brevard County, Florida: A Short History to 1955. Melbourne, Florida: JohnEriksen.net/. ASIN B076H69FDW. – This is a documented history of Brevard County, from prehistoric to the space age. Documented with 320 end notes drawn from 1000 sources.
The county had 1,050 restaurants in 2007 and nearly that many (1,040) in 2010. There were 22,600 leisure and hospitality workers in the county in 2006. This figure includes hotel workers. That figure had dropped 8.5% to 20,700 in 2010.[172]
Influenced by the presence of the John F. Kennedy Space Center, Brevard County is also known as the Space Coast. As such, it was designated with the telephone area code 321, as in 3-2-1 liftoff. The county is named after Theodore Washington Brevard, an early Florida settler, and state comptroller.
Space Coast Center for Independent Living offers over-all services for individuals with all types of disabilities: peer support, advocacy, skills training, accessibility surveys, support groups, transportation, specialized equipment, sign language interpreter coordination services,[229] and a program for high school students for career development.[citation needed]
In 2007, Space Coast Credit Union was the largest locally based financial institution in Brevard County and the third largest credit union in the state of Florida, with assets of over $3 billion.[217][218]
Easily arrange and sort through all of them based on price, property type, square footage, lot size or building age. You can also use any specific keywords you may want to narrow down your search to only the most relevant properties. Stay up to date with real estate opportunities in Brevard County, FL, by simply saving your search; you’ll receive daily or weekly emails (your choice) from Point2 Homes, with new listings which fit your criteria, while they’re fresh on the market.
Although the other boroughs and Long Island have several different MLS[citation needed], MLS has never taken hold in Manhattan. A small group of brokers formed the Manhattan Association of Realtors and operate MLSManhattan.com. MLSManhattan has a small fraction of the total active inventory in Manhattan. The Bronx Manhattan North MLS also offers coverage in Northern Manhattan. It too has failed to acquire widespread adoption by brokers.
The county has nine major canals. Some of these, such as the C-1 and C-54, are 100 feet (30 m) wide, giving them the capacity to handle excessive rainfall that may accompany tropical storms or hurricanes.[12][13] These are regularly used for transportation and drainage:
According to 2007 health risk data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Brevard County (Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville MSA) is tied for fourth highest among all Micro- and Metropolitan Statistical Areas in percentage of heavy drinkers.[235]
Prior to the creation of districts in 1967, state representatives were elected by county. Beginning in 1967, Brevard County was represented by the 71st, 72nd, 73rd, and 74th districts. Following redistricting in 1970, the county was represented by the 44th, 45th, 46th, 47th and 48th districts. Following redistricting in 1982, the county was represented by the 31st, 32nd, 33rd, 34th, 77th, and 78th districts. Following redistricting in 1992, the county was represented by the 29th, 30th, 31st, and 32nd districts. Following redistricting in 2002, the county was represented by the 29th, 30th, 31st, 32nd, and 80th districts.
Busick, Glenda Carlin (1992). Brevard good ole boys: A taxpayer searches for truth in the “good ole boy” network of county government. Tampa, Florida: Free Press Publishing. ASIN B0006OUK3C. – a critic summarizes and comments on Brevard politics in the late 20th century
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2008) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Orlando City B (OCB) is a feeder team for the MLS franchise Orlando City Soccer Club (OCSC) which plays in the USL pro league. Their home field is located at the Eastern Florida State College Melbourne branch.
Jump up ^ “Brevard County, Florida: SELECTED ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates”. factfinder.census.gov. Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 18 November 2015.
Brevard was ranked 25th in the state, out of 67 counties, for health outcomes in 2014. 22% of residents smoke, 28% are obese, 25% are physically inactive, 20% drink in excess. The county ranked 13 in clinical care, 25th in societal factors (including air pollution and drinking water quality).[222]
Brevard county commissioners are elected by the public to establish ordinances and policies for the county. The Commission appoints a County Manager, who executes the will of the Commission. The county employed about 2,900 workers in 2009.[99]
Purchasing your home is a big step, and TheMLSonline.com has the tools and expertise to ensure the process is enjoyable and convenient. Once you find the home that’s right for you TheMLSonline.com has licensed Twin Cities Realtors® to assist you throughout the home buying process.
People who earn MLIS degrees take on many different roles[9] in many different kinds of environments—in libraries and “beyond the stacks.”[10] According to the ALA, “Librarians work in museums, hospitals, businesses, and public libraries. In their work, librarians research, instruct, and connect people to technology. Librarians build websites, digitize archives, and manage social media. Librarians work with people of all ages, connecting them to information, learning and the community.”[11] The association’s LibraryCareers.org site[6] collects information about library and information science careers, work environments, and more.
In 2010 and 2011, the Brookings Institution reported that Brevard ranked in the bottom fifth of the nation’s top metro areas, based on unemployment, gross metropolitan product, housing prices and foreclosed properties.[143] Foreclosures reached a monthly high of 963 in March 2009.[144] The county reached an annual high foreclosure in 2009 of 9,772.[145] In December 2010, Forbes magazine rated the area the worst place in America to find a job.[146]
Homes for Sale in Brevard, NC have a median listing price of $324,500 and a price per square foot of $172. There are 601 active homes for sale in Brevard, North Carolina, which spend an average of 55 days on the market. Some of the hottest neighborhoods near Brevard, NC are Cummings Cove, Pinnacle Mountain View, Indian Ridge, Sunset Ridge. You may also be interested in homes for sale in popular zip codes like 28712, 28739, or in neighboring cities, such as Hendersonville, Pisgah Forest, Asheville, Waynesville, Canton.
On the east coast of the state, mangroves have normally dominated the coast from Cocoa Beach southward. Northward these may compete with salt marshes moving in from the north, depending on the annual weather conditions.[69]
The States Attorney’s Office sponsors the Victim/Witness Services.[120] This provides advocates to alleged victims of violent crime and their families. The advocate helps the family understand the legal system as they navigate through it. They also seek out financial assistance or counseling they might need. In 2005 they helped 8,448 alleged victims in Brevard County.
Listings of india specializing in the Multiple Listing Services (MLS) launches a platform in Dec 2015 in India, for the first time, to connect all authorized Real Estate Agents/Brokers/Agency/ Promotes/Builders through one platform; to showcase their property listings for wider exposure among the network.[12]
UtahRealEstate.com is Utah’s favorite place to find a home. MLS Listings are provided by the Wasatch Front Regional Multiple Listing Service, Inc., which is powered by Utah’s REALTORS®. UtahRealEstate.com offers you the most complete and current property information available. Browse our website to find an accurate list of homes for sale in Utah and homes for sale in Southeastern Idaho.
Assessing accuracy and reliability of information is the responsibility of the user. The user is advised to search on all possible spelling variations of proper names, in order to maximize search results.
For assistance in obtaining a copy of the required document as filed by IRS, please contact the Official Records Department of this office at 321-637-2004. Copies of recorded documents may be obtained only from this office for which the search was conducted.
Until the sale is a done deal, there’s still an opportunity to land that magical, marvelous dream home. In fact, there’s more wiggle room than you might expect, particularly if you’re looking in a market that’s competitive. Many sellers will want to hold out for the best bid—and that bid could be yours.
In 11 sanctuaries that protect natural ecosystems, the county’s Environmentally Endangered Lands (EEL) Program offers passive recreation opportunities such as hiking, wildlife viewing, biking and paddling. In 2013, there was a total of 24,000 acres (9,700 ha), with 62 miles (100 km) of trails and 120 miles (190 km) of fire lanes. The quantity of fire lanes was considered insufficient.[137]
Find your dream home in Chicago using the tools above. Use filters to narrow your search by price, square feet, beds, and baths to find homes that fit your criteria. Our top-rated real estate agents in Chicago are local experts and are ready to answer your questions about properties, neighborhoods, schools, and the newest listings for sale in Chicago.Our Chicago real estate stats and trends will give you more information about home buying and selling trends in Chicago. If you’re looking to sell your home in the Chicago area, our listing agents can help you get the best price. Redfin is redefining real estate and the home buying process in Chicago with industry-leading technology, full-service agents, and lower fees that provide a better value for Redfin buyers and sellers.
All measurements and all calculations of area are approximate. Information provided by Seller/Other sources, not verified by Broker. All interested persons should independently verify accuracy of information. Provided properties may or may not be listed by the office/agent presenting the information.
The MLIS/MLS curriculum can vary widely.[5] Typically both practical and theoretical components are included, often along with a practicum or internship, and students frequently have an opportunity to specialize in one or more aspects of library and information science. Some schools have stringent course requirements, while others are more flexible and offer a wide variety of electives. Coursework may entail traditional library topics, such as reference work, cataloging, collection development, school libraries, or archiving. There may also be a focus on information science and computer science topics, such as database design, as well as information architecture. Other skills taught may include management or pedagogy. Students generally complete a research project or thesis during the last semester of their program.
With extensive knowledge in real estate, Denise Sabol of Brevard County Realty can help you with all your real estate needs in this exceptionally beautiful market. With years of experience in real estate and an insider’s perspective on the county and its communities, including what Viera, Melbourne, West Melbourne and Rockledge have to offer, Denise is committed to her clients’ success and satisfaction.
There are place names currently used, or used at one time by the USGS. Some are early developments, while others are former stations along the main line of the Florida East Coast Railway. Several of these disappeared when Kennedy Space Center took over their area.[236]
In 2010, 90% of residents had a high school degree, compared with 85% statewide.[88] In 2009, 25.7% of residents had an undergraduate degree, below the national average of 27.7%,[89] but the same as the rest of Florida.[88] 14.7% of residents over 25 had undergraduate degrees in engineering. This is almost twice the national average.[90]
The history of Brevard County can be traced to the prehistory of native cultures living in the area from pre-Columbian times to the present age. The geographic boundaries of the county have changed significantly since its founding. The county is named for Judge Theodore W. Brevard, an early setter, and state comptroller.[3]
Pursuant to §119.071(3), F.S., a social security number, bank account, debit, charge or credit card number must be confidential and exempt only as provided in §119.071(5)(a), F.S., and §119.071(5)(b), F.S., respectively.
H0mes For Sale | Satellite Beach Florida
Historic Homes For Sale | Cocoa Florida
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Miriam E. David
Professor Miriam E. David has an international reputation for her research on gender, families, social diversity and inequalities in education, including higher education. She is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts (FRSA) and the Academy of Social Sciences (FAcSS). In 2009 was awarded an honorary doctorate of education by the University of Bedfordshire and in 2015 received a lifetime achievement award by the Gender and Education Association. She was a founder trustee of the British Shalom Salaam Trust, is Chair of the Trustees of the Women's Therapy Centre and involved with the Feminist Library’s archiving of materials and campaigns for women today.
Reclaiming Feminism
By Miriam E. David
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Budget Amendments - HB1700 (Committee Approved)
Bill Order » Item 374 #7h
Preservation of Historic Greensville County Training School
Item 374 #7h
Department of Historic Resources FY2019 $0 FY2020 $70,000 GF
Page 409, line 48, strike "$6,876,468" and insert "$6,946,468".
"L. Out of the amounts for Financial Assistance for Historic Preservation shall be paid from the general fund $70,000 in the second year to the Citizens United to Preserve Greensville County Training School."
(This amendment provides $70,000 the second year from the general fund to the Citizens United to Preserve Greensville County Training School "Citizens United". Built in 1912, this facility is a small wood frame building that contributed to African-American education in Emporia for more than fifty years. It was added to the National Registry of Historic Places in 2006.)
Department of Historic Resources
Historic and Commemorative Attraction Management (50200) $6,976,468 $6,876,468
Financial Assistance for Historic Preservation (50204) FY2019 $1,144,055 FY2020 $1,144,055
Historic Resource Management (50205) FY2019 $5,832,413 FY2020 $5,732,413
Special FY2019 $922,989 FY2020 $822,989
Commonwealth Transportation FY2019 $115,642 FY2020 $115,642
Dedicated Special Revenue FY2019 $97,799 FY2020 $97,799
Federal Trust FY2019 $1,914,731 FY2020 $1,914,731
Authority: Title 10.1, Chapters 22 and 23, Code of Virginia.
A. General fund appropriations for historic and commemorative attractions not identified in § 10.1-2211 or § 10.1-2211.1, Code of Virginia, shall be matched by local or private sources, either in cash or in-kind, in amounts at least equal to the appropriation and which are deemed to be acceptable to the department.
B. In emergency situations which shall be defined as those posing a threat to life, safety or property, § 10.1-2213, Code of Virginia, shall not apply.
C.1. Out of the amounts for Financial Assistance for Historic Preservation shall be paid from the general fund grants to the following organization for the purposes prescribed in § 10.1-2211, Code of Virginia:
United Daughters of the Confederacy
Notwithstanding the cited Code section, the United Daughters of the Confederacy shall make disbursements to the treasurers of Confederate memorial associations and chapters of the United Daughters of the Confederacy for the purposes stated in that section. By November 1 of each year, the United Daughters of the Confederacy shall submit to the Director, Department of Historic Resources a report documenting the disbursement of these funds for their specified purpose.
2. As disbursements are made to the treasurers of Confederate memorial associations and chapters of the United Daughters of the Confederacy by the United Daughters of the Confederacy for the purposes stated in § 10.1-2211, Code of Virginia, an amount equal to $7,500 each year shall be distributed to the Ladies Memorial Association of Petersburg.
3. As disbursements are made to the treasurers of Confederate memorial associations and chapters of the United Daughters of the Confederacy by the United Daughters of the Confederacy for the purposes stated in § 10.1-2211, Code of Virginia, an amount equal to $90 the first year and $90 the second year shall be distributed to the Town of Coeburn Municipal Graveyard.
D. Pursuant to the provisions of § 10.1-2211.1, Code of Virginia, as amended by Chapter 639, 2018 Session of the General Assembly, out of the amounts provided for Financial Preservation shall be paid $23,100 the first year and $23,100 the second year from the general fund grants to the Virginia Society of the Sons of the American Revolution (VASSAR) and the Revolutionary War memorial associations caring for cemeteries as set forth in subsection B of § 10.1-2211.1, Code of Virginia. Such sums shall be expended by the associations for the routine maintenance of their respective Revolutionary War cemeteries and graves and for the graves of Revolutionary War soldiers and sailors not otherwise cared for in other cemeteries, and in erecting and caring for markers, memorials, and monuments to the memory of such soldiers, sailors, and persons rendering service to the Patriot cause in the Revolutionary War.
E. Included in this appropriation is $115,642 the first year and $115,642 the second year in nongeneral funds from the Highway Maintenance and Operating Fund to support the Department of Historic Resources' required reviews of transportation projects.
F. The Department of Historic Resources is authorized to accept a devise of certain real property under the will of Elizabeth Rust Williams known as Clermont Farm located on Route 7 east of the town of Berryville in Clarke County. If, after due consideration of options, the department determines that the property should be sold or leased to a different public or private entity, and notwithstanding the provisions of § 2.2-1156, Code of Virginia, then the department is further authorized to sell or lease such property, provided such sale or lease is not in conflict with the terms of the will. The proceeds of any such sale or lease shall be deposited to the Historic Resources Fund established under § 10.1-2202.1, Code of Virginia.
G. The Department of Historic Resources shall follow and provide input on federal legislation designed to establish a new national system of recognizing and funding Presidential Libraries for those entities that are not included in the 1955 Presidential Library Act.
H. Included in this appropriation is $1,000,000 the first year and $1,000,000 the second year from the general fund to be deposited into the Virginia Battlefield Preservation Fund for grants to be made in accordance with § 10.1-2202.4, Code of Virginia. Any moneys remaining in the Fund, including interest thereon, at the end of each fiscal year shall not revert to the general fund but shall remain in the Fund. This appropriation shall be deemed sufficient to meet the provisions of § 2.2-1509.4, Code of Virginia.
I. The Department of Historic Resources is authorized to require applicants for tax credits for historic rehabilitation projects under § 58.1-339.2, Code of Virginia, to provide an audit by a certified public accountant licensed in Virginia, in accordance with guidelines developed by the department in consultation with the Auditor of Public Accounts. The department is also authorized to contract with tax, financial, and other professionals to assist the department with the oversight of historic rehabilitation projects for which tax credits are anticipated.
J.1. Included in this Item is $34,875 the first year and $34,875 the second year from the general fund to support the preservation and care of historical African American graves and cemeteries pursuant to § 10.1-2211.2., Code of Virginia.
2. Notwithstanding the provisions of § 10.1-2211.2., Code of Virginia, included in this Item is $960 the first year and $960 the second year from the general fund to support the preservation and care of historical African American graves at the Daughters of Zion Cemetery in Charlottesville, Virginia.
3. Notwithstanding the provisions of § 10.1-2211.2, Code of Virginia, included in this item is $1,330 the first year and $1,330 the second year from the general fund to support the preservation and care of historical African American graves at the Mt. Calvary Cemetery in Portsmouth, Virginia.
4. Notwithstanding the provisions of § 10.1-2211.2, Code of Virginia, included in this item is $220 the first year and $220 the second year from the general fund to support the preservation and care of historical African American graves at the African-American Burial Ground for the Enslaved at Belmont in Loudoun County, Virginia.
K. The Department of Historic Resources is authorized to collect administrative fees for the provision of easement and stewardship services. Revenues generated from the easement fee schedule shall be deposited into the Preservation Easement Fund pursuant to § 10.1-2202.2., Code of Virginia.
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Far from Academic
It was 50 years ago that Franco Modigliani and Merton Miller turned the world of finance upside down. Today, the debate continues over why companies choose the capital structures they do.
Capital Markets CFO Magazine
Fifty years ago, the American Economic Review published an article that would revolutionize corporate finance. In "The Cost of Capital, Corporation Finance and the Theory of Investment," future Nobelists Franco Modigliani and Merton H. Miller demonstrated that in an ideal world of perfect markets, no taxes, and no bankruptcy costs, a company's market value is independent of its capital structure. An optimal debt-equity ratio doesn't exist. Companies should therefore seek value-creating investments first and worry about the financing later.
What seemed utter heresy at the time is now textbook orthodoxy. Yet debate over Modigliani and Miller's work (often referred to as "MM," and including a classic 1961 paper on the irrelevance of dividend policy to firm value) continues today. That's because in the real world of imperfect markets and taxes, capital structure does matter, thanks in part to the so-called interest tax shield. As Modigliani and Miller acknowledged in 1963, the tax-deductibility of interest payments confers an advantage on debt financing.
MM is notable not only for what it proposed, but because it launched "a 50-year effort to find out what other things would affect financing decisions," says Stewart C. Myers, the Robert C. Merton (1970) Professor of Financial Economics at MIT's Sloan School of Management. In a sense, he notes, "researchers have been too successful for their own good." Currently there are multiple explanations as to why companies choose the capital structures they do, including Myers's own influential pecking-order theory, "and we can find examples of each one working" in the real world, he says. A unified theory, however, remains elusive.
But there's more to MM than its propositions. "The [1958] paper broke ground in ways that we now take for granted," Myers says. For example, it laid out the concept of weighted average cost of capital "in a way that we think about it today." And the now conventional wisdom that companies should focus on maximizing shareholder value? "Modigliani and Miller weren't necessarily the first to say it, but when they did, it stuck."
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FT European Business School rankings 2017: EDHEC cements its position among the top 15
Written on 04 December 2017.
EDHEC Business School has consolidated its standing among the top 15 business schools in Europe, according to the Financial Times rankings published today. In a highly competitive international environment, the School once again confirmed its leadership by ranking 14th in 2017, thereby maintaining the position captured in the previous year.
This ranking once again places EDHEC among the top 3 French Grandes Ecoles with HEC and ESCP Europe.
The Financial Times European Business School rankings notably take into account the 2017 Masters in Management, MBA, EMBA and Executive Education rankings.
This result testifies to the School’s successful impact on the careers of its graduates; their insertion into the job market is one of the major criteria assessed by the Financial Times, particularly via the growth in their salaries on leaving the School.
It also underlines the excellence of EDHEC’s portfolio of programmes, which evolves constantly in order to factor in business needs and student aspirations.
This year, for example, EDHEC has launched the Global Economic Transformation & Technology (GETT) programme, a new innovative programme on three continents offered in partnership with prestigious institutions, along with a new MSc in Data Analytics & Digital Business and a new Digital Innovation Track within the Global MBA.
For Emmanuel Métais, Dean of EDHEC Business School, “The Financial Times ranking cements our position among the top 3 business schools in France, while also confirming our leadership in Europe. This international recognition provides EDHEC with the ideal platform to continue with our international strategy combining academic excellence and unique research, and geared to training agile and outward-looking future leaders ready to invent new models”.
Read this Financial Times ranking here
INTERNATIONAL FRANCE
EUROPEAN BUSINESS SCHOOLS - FT 2017 TOP 15 (14th) TOP 3
Programmes Executive & MBA
FT Global MBA 2017 TOP 100 (74th) TOP 3
FT Top MBA for Entrepreneurship 2017 TOP 50 (39th) TOP 3
The Economist MBA 2017 TOP 50 (44th) TOP 3
FT Executive MBA 2017 TOP 100 (86th) //
FT Executive Education 2017 (combiné) TOP 30 (29th) TOP 5 (4th)
Programmes Masters
FT Masters in Management 2017 TOP 20 (16th) TOP 5 (4th)
The Economist Masters in Management 2017 TOP 20 (16th) TOP 3
FT MSc in Finance 2017 N°1 N°1
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Large turnouts for Soleimani’s funeral in Iran carry powerful collective emotions
Massive crowds took to the streets of Iranian cities to mourn the death of Qassem Soleimani, who was killed by a U.S. drone in Iraq on Jan. 3.
State television reported “millions” of Iranians attended the funeral in Tehran on Monday. Images of Iran’s Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei openly weeping over Soleimani’s casket flooded media outlets across the world.
Iranian hard-liners have been keen to use the military commander’s burial to stoke anti-American sentiment in the region and coalesce patriotism around the regime.
Americans need only to look to their own nation’s early history to gain a better appreciation of the powerful tool of mass mourning. What happened in Iran once happened in Boston – and helped lead to a world-changing war.
The history of emotions
Historians have examined how society interprets emotions across different cultures and eras, dissecting a range of feelings from melancholy to love.
Their studies demonstrate that personal feelings are not simply individual experiences. Instead, emotions have important collective cultural and historical weight – and are subject to manipulation and exploitation.
The public displays of grief at Soleimani’s funeral reminded me, as a historian, of powerful emotional performances during the buildup to the American Revolution.
Late 18th-century politics in British North America were awash in feeling. Colonial American forces had played a key role in driving the French from the continent during the Seven Years War, and many Americans resented the new regulations Britain placed on colonists in the war’s aftermath.
News of a far-reaching new tax on printed paper products – including newspapers, legal documents and playing cards – reached the colonies in late 1765. American colonists took to the streets to voice their objections through mournful demonstrations.
As Nicole Eustace outlines in her book on emotions and the coming of the American Revolution, American colonists rang bells and mourned the loss of liberty through mock funeral processions in order to demonstrate their unhappiness.
William Bradford, the publisher of the popular Pennsylvania Journal, printed a funeral edition of his publication, along with a note explaining that his paper was “Expiring: In hopes of Resurrection to Life again.”
When Parliament repealed the Stamp Act, Benjamin Wilson’s satirical cartoon, “The Repeal, Or The Funeral Of Miss Ame-Stamp,” depicted a funeral for the unpopular bill similar to the mock funerals for liberty that American colonists had organized only a year earlier.
Wilson’s cartoon, published in 1776.
Mourning and the Boston Massacre
While the colonists had used grief to protest unpopular British taxes, these expressions were largely theatrical performances meant to poke fun as much as criticize.
That changed on the night of March 5, 1770, when soldiers of the 29th Regiment of Foot opened fire on a crowd of menacing Boston civilians, killing five and injuring six others.
Led by Colonial agitators Paul Revere and Samuel Adams, Bostonians hostile to British presence in the city named the event the “Bloody Massacre.” They transformed the slain into some of the earliest martyrs of Colonial resistance to Great Britain.
A sensationalized portrayal of the ‘Bloody Massacre.’
Although the victims came from the lower echelons of Colonial society, Adams provided an extravagant funeral and paid to erect a monument over their graves in Boston’s Granary Burying Ground.
These funerals helped cement anti-British sentiment in Boston and spread similar feelings across the colonies.
Newspapers recorded that “a numerous train of persons of all ranks” followed the caskets through Boston and was “lengthened by an immense concourse of people so numerous as to be obliged to follow in ranks of six, and bought up by a long train of carriages belonging to the principal gentry of the town.”
The final words from this newspaper account eloquently summarize how this public funeral fueled American passions: “The aggravated circumstances of their death, the distress and sorrow visible in every countenance, together with the peculiar solemnity with which the whole funeral was conducted, surpass description.”
Clipping from The Boston Gazette and Country Journal, from March 12, 1770.
The funeral for the Boston Massacre victims galvanized people from across the colonies against British Colonial rule. The slain had not been men of importance – in fact, John Adams, who defended the accused British soldiers in trial, referred to the crowd that had incited the violence as “a motley rabble of saucy boys, negroes and molattoes, Irish teagues, and out landish Jack tarrs” – but the feelings that the funeral evoked had the power to bring diverse Colonial people together.
These emotions festered, making a tense atmosphere even more volatile. Ultimately, passions turned into all-out war.
The power of emotions
Some, including Iranian journalist Masih Alinejad, have emphasized that the Iranian government forced many students and officials to attend state-sponsored events, and that demonstrations at Soleimani’s funeral do not accurately reflect his popularity among the Iranian people.
In a press conference on Jan. 8, U.S. President Donald Trump noted that Iran “appears to be standing down.”
But the enduring legacy of the Boston Massacre suggests the powerful emotions related to loss are not easily erased.
Regardless of how Iranians felt about Soleimani in life, his public funeral and the strong emotions it evoked will not soon be forgotten.
[ Deep knowledge, daily. Sign up for The Conversation’s newsletter. ]
G. Patrick O’Brien, Visiting Assistant Professor of History, Ave Maria University
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November 20, 2018 / 1:43 PM / in a year
Venezuela's former treasurer took $1 billion in bribes: U.S. prosecutors
Brian Ellsworth, Luc Cohen
(Reuters) - Venezuela’s former national treasurer admitted receiving over $1 billion in bribes as part of illicit foreign currency operations that involved a local television mogul now indicted in U.S. courts, according to U.S. court documents unsealed on Tuesday.
Alejandro Andrade, who ran the treasury for four years under late socialist leader Hugo Chavez, received properties, platinum and gold Rolex watches and Mercedes Benz vehicles thanks to the scheme, the documents from the Southern District of Florida say.
He did so with the help of conspirators including Raul Gorrin, owner of television station Globovision, who has been charged with paying bribes to Andrade and others as well as helping to launder the payments, according to documents unsealed this week.
The cases are part of a broad effort by U.S. federal prosecutors to crack down on the use of the U.S. financial system to launder proceeds from rampant corruption in the crisis-stricken country that is suffering from hyperinflation.
President Nicolas Maduro has said little about criminal proceedings against former Venezuelan officials, but says the United States is seeking to undermine his government through financial sanctions.
The Venezuelan Information Ministry did not immediately reply to a request for comment.
Both Andrade, who was treasurer from 2007 to 2011, and Gorrin made vast sums taking advantage of Venezuela’s exchange controls, according to the documents.
U.S. prosecutors also announced a guilty plea by Gabriel Jimenez, a Venezuelan citizen who admitted to conspiring with Gorrin and others to acquire Dominican Republic-based Banco Peravia and use it to help launder bribe money.
Reuters was unable to obtain comment from Andrade or Jimenez. Gorrin’s defense attorney, Howard Srebnick, did not immediately respond to a request for comment.
EXCHANGE CONTROLS
Since 2003, the exchange control system has sold heavily subsidized dollars through state currency agencies or government auctions. But dollars on the black market have fetched at least double and sometimes 10 times more, allowing the well-connected to buy cut-rate dollars and resell them at a huge profit.
Andrade received bribes from brokerages to sell dollar-denominated bonds on behalf of the government, the documents say.
The brokerages kept part of the proceeds and returned kickbacks to him by buying him items including 17 horses, 35 luxury watches, 12 cars and six South Florida homes, according to a list of the property he agreed to relinquish to U.S. authorities.
He also handed over nine bank accounts in the United States and Switzerland, the documents say.
Andrade in late 2017 agreed to plead guilty to one count of violating the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and this month agreed to hand over the assets, according to the documents, which were under seal until Tuesday.
Gorrin, who also owns insurance firm Seguros La Vitalicia, was charged in an indictment unsealed on Monday with violating U.S. anti-corruption laws in efforts to win contracts to carry out currency exchange operations for the government.
Between 2008 and 2017, Gorrin facilitated more than $150 million in bribe payments to officials in Venezuela’s treasury for access to currency deals, with funds wired from Swiss bank accounts to accounts in Florida, U.S. prosecutors said.
A U.S. Department of Justice press release on Tuesday said that Gorrin paid bribes to Andrade.
Neither Globovision nor La Vitalicia responded to requests for comment. Gorrin’s whereabouts were not immediately clear. He faces a maximum penalty of 45 years in prison if found guilty.
Gorrin allegedly also bought jets, yachts, “champion horses” and luxury watches in Florida and Texas for a government official as a bribe, according to the indictment.
A biography on Gorrin’s personal website describes him as a salsa-loving lawyer and businessman. He bought a 25 percent stake in an insurer that would later be known as La Vitalicia in 2008, 10 years after Chavez came to power.
Globovision, once a virulently anti-government station, overhauled coverage and softened criticism of Chavez's successor, Nicolas Maduro, after Gorrin purchased the channel in 2013, reporters said at the time. (reut.rs/2Ag9lMv)
Reporting by Brian Ellsworth and Luc Cohen in Caracas; additional reporting by Mayela Armas in Caracas; editing by Bernadette Baum and Phil Berlowitz
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UNLOADED Vol. 2 is now available!
Anyone who regularly reads this blog, or follows me on social media, knows that I'm a passionate advocate for commonsense gun control—so I was delighted that Eric Beetner invited me to contribute to the second volume of his Anthony Award nominated UNLOADED series.
These anthologies are a who's who of the crime-fic world. UNLOADED Vol. 2: More Crime Writers Writing Without Guns features contributions from Sara Paretsky, James Ziskin, Laura McHugh, and the late Bill Crider, to name but a few. It also features a brand new short story called "Con Season" by yours truly. And, oh yeah, it's out today!
As with the first volume, every story in UNLOADED Vol. 2 is firearm-free—although guns feature prominently in E.A. Aymar's moving essay—and all proceeds go to States United to Prevent Gun Violence. To be clear, though, the UNLOADED series is neither partisan nor anti-gun. Contributing authors hail from both sides of the political aisle, and many of them own guns. What unites us is our desire to end put an end to senseless bloodshed. If you'd like to do your part, and get some kickass crime fiction in the process, pick up a copy of UNLOADED Vol. 2 today.
Authors Unload
7 Minutes With, Episode Three
"7 Minutes With, Episode Two" or "The Do Some Dama...
Four for Four(th)
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Movie Review: S. Darko, take off that stupid bunny suit…
S. Darko (2009), rated R, 104 minutes. Director: Chris Fisher, Screenwriter: Nathan Atkins, Cast: Daveigh Chase, Ed Westwick, Briana Evigan, Elizabeth Berkley, James Lafferty.
Ahhh, sequels. A few weeks into Summer 2009 and this is the third one I’ve seen. Within the next two weeks we get another pair, with several more on the way all season long. I’d ask why, but I think we all already know the reason. The studios want a sense of assurity and comfort; audiences paid before, and rewarded the original, so naturally if you can recreate the same experience with familiar elements the sense of “risk” is lessened. For audiences, if you’ve loved a certain film or franchise, it’s likely that “good” or “necessary” won’t be factors that need to be met before you plop down cash to check out the next one; you simply have to see it. After all, where’s your loyalty?
This goes double for sequels to cult classics. If you raved about it for years, you’re going to find a way to see what they did to “your” movie, even if you deny watching it later. The folks behind S. Darko are counting on the original film’s fans to adopt this mindset. But don’t buy it(the movie or their crap). This latest ‘Donnie Darko Tale’ is a complete disaster; an amorphous blob of half-cooked ideas, appropriated imagery and mind-numbing boredom.
The original Darko seemed to resonate most strongly with the college crowd; it’s characters were all teenagers and it’s time period was the 1980s and these elements created a familiar and nostalgic vibe for an audience in the waiting room of adult life. It was quirky, sarcastic, creepy, sometimes theological and a little existential. The odd mix of a Philosophy 101 lecture and a sunday school lesson run through the filter of John Hughes and Sam Raimi was intoxicating. Good or bad, it was something new. Richard Kelly’s energizing little tale lived in the valley between It’s A Wonderful Life and 2001: A Space Odyssey and for a certain cross-section of people it was just as well loved.
You can’t really come up with a more self-contained film than the original Donnie Darko. Donnie’s experience is like the opposite of George Bailey’s. George gets to see what the world would have been like without him, and why his life was important. Donnie, a troubled teen who has started to wonder if there is something grander going on in the univserse than what he sees in his hometown of Middlesex Virginia, is given the opportunity to cheat his own death and see what the world would be like if he stayed around longer than he was meant to. For Donnie, it has the same affect as George: it makes him see his life has purpose and that he fits into a greater design.
The God of the universe gives this messed-up kid the chance to peek behind the curtain, to be a hero, experience first love, reconnect with his family, and gain free will in the face of his own death. Donnie himself makes the choice that ends the film, and as he does he reflects that “there will be so much to look forward to.” Donnie hasn’t garnered a new lease on life as much as he has eschewed his fear of death and his uncertainty about the existence of God. At the end he hands his life over to the machinations of something bigger than himself and in the process saves his family, friends, and his entire town from destruction. Ultimately, it’s as if his adventure never happened at all, at least to those who knew him;his is a silent sacrifice.
So, whats the complex plot at the heart of S Darko? Well, Samantha wanders off from Middlesex with her friend Corey (Briana Evigan) and they are on their way to L.A. when their car breaks down in the barren small town of Conejo Springs. Samantha petulantly walks around town, meets a few of the locals like Elizabeth Berkley’s creepy christian lady and James Lafferty’s Iraq Jack, a messed-in-the-head war veteran who lives on the outskirts and may or may not be a killer. And then Sam decides that this isn’t her path, parts ways with Corey, and presumably goes back to her parents. The end.
As far as Sam is concerned, those are the events of the movie. More does happen, but honestly it’s nearly incomprehensible and it all seems designed to just mark off moments from the first movie. And Sam, the titular character doesn’t really experience any of it because by the end everything has been re-set by someone else. Samantha Darko never interacts with the supernatural or time-travel elements of the story. The writers leave that to other, odder and less interesting characters. Not that Sam, as presented here, is very interesting. She is a vague concept and bears almost no relationship to the quirky little girl who was Donnie’s sister.
Meteorites fall from the sky, children go missing, Iraq Jack starts seeing a ghostly version of Sam who instructs him that the world is going to end and then we have that always helpful title card that informs us how many days are left. But then, one character makes a Donnie-like sacrifice half-way through the film and re-sets the timeline. The next time we see the title card it’s gone from 4 days left to 6. Why utilize a title card if it’s very presence is rendered obsolete? Easy, because the first Darko did it. That seems to be the only reason behind anything happening in this film. Why have one sacrificial event when we can have two? Why stop with a suspicious guru who makes kiddie porn when you can have one that might be actually killing children? Burned down someone’s house? Lets burn down a church this time! And don’t forget Frank the Bunny! We gotta get him, he’s the most recognizable image! Isn’t he like the Freddy or Jason of this franchise?
The movie’s biggest misstep, at least from a continuity perspective, is that adding in things like Frank and The Philsophy of Time Travel book don’t make any sense. Part of Frank’s appeal is that he is specific to Donnie and the events of Donnie’s journey. There is a mystery to Frank, revealed in the final third. In this movie Sam tells Iraq Jack about Frank and gives him a picture. Where did she get the picture? Why is Roberta Sparrow’s book in her backpack? If Donnie succeeded at all, then those items shouldn’t even BE in Sam’s posession and she should have no knowledge of them. Wasn’t there anyone working on this movie that actually saw the first film?
It may sound like I’m nitpicking, but thats not the case. At the technical level S Darko is accomplished enough but it doesn’t have anything of it’s own to be proud of. The odd, creepy score, the wormhole visual effects and that hulking bunny menace have just been lifted wholesale, and they don’t even make it over in the same shape. The Frank mask in this film has been hammered together in a garage and it looks like a fanmade costume of the original.
S. Darko isn’t a failure just because it’s an inferior sequel. Even divorced from the original, S Darko would be a turkey. It doesn’t make any kind of logical sense and it doesn’t have any central storyline tying together it’s events. Things happen at such a random clip that it eventually becomes disorienting. I was no longer certain what day it was, who the characters were to each other, whether the little boy was actually missing or not, and what exactly the ghostly Sam was trying to save everybody from.
S Darko is a dim bulb of a movie, a cut and paste hackjob of an original vision. No one has any idea why the first movie worked, and they labor here like color blind children trying to recreate the Mona Lisa with crayons and tracing paper. If all you require in a sequel is that it remind you fondly of the original, S Darko still fails. It only manages to evoke Donnie just enough that we become eager to turn it off and watch the original instead. And that, I’m in favor of. You just don’t need to suffer through this experience to do it.
S Darko: A Donnie Darko Tale releases on DVD and Bluray on May 12th, 2009.
Tags: Daveigh Chase, Donnie Darko, dvd, Elizabeth Berkley, Frank the Bunny, movies, S Darko, science fiction, sequel, theology, time travel
Categories Reviews
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Wrapping up Maryland Film Festival 2009 →
7 Responses to “Movie Review: S. Darko, take off that stupid bunny suit…”
Xiphos May 22, 2009 at 4:48 pm #
Man, Bartleby I disagree vehemently with your take on the first movie, other then that nice review.
Bartleby May 22, 2009 at 4:52 pm #
Whats your take Xi? I know I got into alot of trouble in my college days showing this one to unsuspecting people who hated it. Had my movie-picking priveledges revoked for awhile there. Got’em back though.
Jeff Cole June 1, 2009 at 9:31 pm #
I don’t think you could beat the original. We’re losing these kids to apathy.
Kemical August 15, 2009 at 9:23 pm #
GREAT FILM_
Mora October 21, 2009 at 10:43 am #
i think that donnie darko is the best movie. period.
there can never be anything ever so perfect.
TINKERBELL19 December 25, 2009 at 11:16 pm #
i think its the best movie ever if i can see the rest of my sister lost it and im mad
Katie March 26, 2010 at 6:51 pm #
WHAT THE HELLLLL!!
I love this movie because JAMES LAFFERTTTTTTY (L)(L)(L)(L)
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Interview conducted and transcribed by Cameran Llewelly (’16) on October 24, 2015 in ZSR Library.
Q: Your name?
A: Justin Lee
Q: When is your birthday?
A: September 7th, 1977
Q: Hometown?
A: Raleigh.
Q: And your current residence?
A: I’m currently in Raleigh.
Q: And years at Wake including your class year?
A: I was here from ’96 to 2000.
Q: OK. And your current occupation?
A: I’m the executive director of the Gay Christian Network.
Q: What’s your sexual orientation?
A: Gay.
Q: The gender identity or pronouns that you prefer to be used?
A: Male. He, him, his.
Q: Racial identity?
A: White.
Q: And religious identity?
A: Christian. In fact, probably Evangelical if you want to be more specific.
Q: Great. Ok, now for the fun stuff. We know that you were probably having some questions coming up in your mind or like particular things that you remembered from when you were in school during the history panel right before this; so are there any particular anecdotes that you would like to share about your time at Wake?
A: Sure. Oh my gosh. So many things I can tell you. So there was one reference during the panel to fact that the well, so the whole thing with the union in Wait controversy which got me into a documentary. Ryan Butler did a documentary in 2001 called The Union in Wait. There’s a reference to the meeting that happened with President Hearn, so that meeting was Jeremy Bishop who was on the panel, Martin Price who isn’t here this weekend, and me. The three of us met with President Hearn and we had been pushing to try to get a meeting with President Hearn because we were really frustrated. I mean we knew early on that all of this stuff was happening where the university, particularly the trustees were putting these two womens’ ceremony, private religious ceremony on hold, and we were frustrated, ya know? And for me as a Christian, well I was frustrated both because I was gay and because I was Christian, I was frustrated with this because Wake Forest, although it has Baptist roots was not at the time that I was here and is not still a religious institution. I mean it’s a secular university. And there were many different religious students here from many different backgrounds, religious groups that weren’t Christian and so for the trustees to interfere with a relation, with the practices of an independent Baptist church which happened to be meeting on university property was really frustrating, as frustrating as being you know, both as a member of the LGBT community and as a member of the faith community. Because I’m like I don’t want people interfering with my own personal interfaith practices in a university setting, so we tried and tried to get that meeting with President Hearn, when we finally did, President Hearn sat there and listened to us as we explained why we were frustrated with the way the university was treating this situation. And I remember I in particular spent some time explaining, look, you know, this is not good for religious freedom on this campus and the university is not, by allowing Wake Forest Baptist Church to have this ceremony it wants to have, the university is not participating, the university is not taking a stand. All the university is doing is allowing for free religious expression on its property which is the right stance for a university to take regardless of your position on same sex marriage, or in this case it wasn’t even a wedding, it was a commitment ceremony that they wanted to have. And President Hearn sat there and listened to us and gave the impression that he was taking our thoughts into consideration, and then that same day went out and made the announcement that the decision had already been reached. And we all knew the decision had not been reached in the few minutes between when he met with us and when he read the statement. So we all really felt kind of lied to, ya know, we all felt like we, I think through the whole process it had been frustrating to feel like we as LGBT students were not being heard. But there was nothing quite as poignant as that moment of sitting with the president of the university in his office and having him act like he was caring and then walk out and read a statement that a decision had been made and he clearly knew it had been made before he met with us. That just felt like we didn’t matter at all. That was really frustrating. So yeah that was one of the moments that I was thinking about during the panel.
I was also thinking about…there was a reference to intervarsity and the ex-gay speaker. Intervarsity at the time that I was a student, intervarsity Christian Fellowship was kind of the preeminent interdenominational Christian group on campus, though they were certainly not the only Christian group on campus. I think after I graduated, I know Campus Crusade came on campus and then became Crew, I don’t even know what groups are on campus now but at the time that I was here intervarsity was a very influential group. And intervarsity was routinely bringing, so called “ex-gay” speakers to campus to say that being gay was something that could be changed. And so, I was a member of intervarsity and I actually wrote about this in my book. I wrote a book called Torn: Rescuing the Gospel from the Gays VS Christian Debate, and I tell a few stories from Wake Forest in my book and I don’t name intervarsity as intervarsity because I didn’t want to like embarrass them as an organization. I just referred to them as Campus Christian Fellowship, but I knew it was intervarsity. And they did, they brought this ex-gay speaker to campus, having brought one to campus a couple of years earlier, and I found out he was coming and I tried to get them to change their minds; they wouldn’t change their minds. And so I had some conversations with the folks at what I think was still then GALBA, we changed to GSSA during my time here, and said intervarsity is bringing this ex-gay speaker to campus. We had this big conversation about what do we do, how do we wanna respond to this? And eventually a bunch of GALBA folks, or GSSA folks, ended up going to hear the speaker and it was clearly not what intervarsity had intended. I think they had interned this as some kind of like message of hope, that gay people could be healed, and instead here were all of these lesbian and gay and bisexual folks…I actually don’t know thinking back whether we had anyone who openly identified as transgender at the time. Certainly we had LGB folks and I’m sure there were trans folks on campus. I don’t remember anyone being out about being trans, but anyway here were all these folks who the group was talking about, in the room and it kind of turned into a shouting match and the speaker didn’t really know how to handle it, the GALBA students were angry and by the end of it, I don’t think anybody on either side felt good about the event, but at least the conversation had not happened without us. And I talked to some of the intervarsity students afterwards and they were like this is a disaster, and I said yes it was a disaster, but after that point there was more interest on behalf of some of the students in intervarsity in having some conversations. And so I actually got a group together with a couple of us from GALBA and a couple of students from intervarsity and we started meeting on a regular basis privately talking about how we could improve the campus environment between the Christian community and the LGBTQ community.
And that continued through the rest of my time here, so there were a lot of things that happened; we went to, we’d do Wake TV stuff together, we did meetings. Folks from GALBA would do Wake TV stuff and talk about, particularly those of us who identified as Christians would talk about our faith and orientation, we would do…we did an event…I spoke to intervarsity as part of a panel but also I think we were GSSA by then, we put on an event to talk about religion and we just tried to keep that dialogue going because we realized that was a big thing. And the change from GALBA to GSSA was, Jeremy talked about it some on the panel, but it was…the organization had been founded as GALA but in the charter it said gay and lesbian issues group. The reason that I know that is that when I was a freshman, the organization was like pretty much nobody; it was like basically the president, his name was Davis Julian Ford Jr., he went by Jules. It was basically Jules, the largest meeting we had my freshman year was Jules, Perry Patterson the faculty adviser, me and I think a grad student and that was it. And so the group was just nothing, so we tried to like revitalize it by sophomore year, this was the 97-98 year, and I was on the board, Jeremy Bishop was on the board and we would write things for the Old Gold and Black and stuff. And the name of the organization was GALBA at that time and it…everytime I wrote GALBA like in a letter to the editor or something like that the OG&B editorial staff would change it to say Gay and Lesbian Bisexual Awareness, which is I guess they had decided that the acronym stood for. But I was like that doesn’t sound like the name of a group, Gay and Lesbian Bisexual Awareness, that doesn’t make any sense. What in the world is Gay and Lesbian Bisexual Awareness? And so I started digging through the archives to find out what exactly is GALBA supposed to stand for cause we couldn’t figure out, what is that first A? Like the G and the L and the B we got, A we thought, the last A could be alliance or association or something. We weren’t sure what the first A was for. And so I went back and looked at the charter and it was like Gay and Lesbian Issues Awareness Group and I was like well that spells GALAIG; I don’t understand. So then somewhere along the line, I don’t know who, but before my time, someone had put the B in there for bisexuals. Which is great but it didn’t make any sense the way the acronym was done. We were just so frustrated with nobody understanding the acronym that I said we really need to change the group and Jeremy I think he was the one who really championed it. And I think, I’m not 100 percent sure, but I think it was Jeremy Bishop’s idea to do Gay-Straight Alliance. I might be wrong but I think it was his idea. But Gay-Straight Alliances in schools, you know, around the country were a big thing at the time, but then we got push back because the acronym was too much, the same as the Graduate Student Association. So they didn’t want it to be GSA, so we’re like ok we’ll make it the Gay-Straight Student Alliance. And that’s why it’s been GSSA ever since until now, Spectrum so yeah, anyway. Those are a few things.
Those are great anecdotes. That you were part of all that.
Yeah. And then the…we pushed, during the whole controversy about Susan and Wendy’s union in Wait Chapel and all of the stuff and it was so great to hear some of the details from who was inside during the panel. But during all of that, we the students organized like crazy to bring as much attention to it as possible because we found out that this was happening, we found out that early that this private ceremony they were wanting to have was being put on hold indefinitely by the university and we’re like that’s not right. We felt like most students, whatever their feelings were, well I don’t know if we felt most students, but a lot of students would agree with us that this was like, you know, overstepping. But there wasn’t a whole lot of support for LGBTQ students at Wake at the time so we were kind of doing this, you know, on our own really. And Martin Price was really great at organizing people and he helped to organize a lot of folks. But what we did, and this may have been Martin’s idea, was to protest the university’s actions, we formed a separate group called SAFE, which was the Student Alliance For Equality or something, Student Association For Equality or something. S. A. F. E. And the idea was that if GSSA or GALBA, whatever we were at the time, if GSSA were protesting this, that was one thing. But if it was like a separate organization, you know just students who came together around this one question then that was something else. And so in order to gain credibility, there was this organizing of students under a different name. Because a lot of them were the same students from GSSA. But also I think it gave straight, cis-gender allies a way to get involved without feeling like they had to be involved with GSSA, which you know, despite straight being in the name …you know threw suspicion on their sexuality.
And so a lot of the stuff was organized under SAFE that was really GSSA working behind the scenes to make it happen. So if you go back and look at stuff that was in the papers at the time or whatever happened under the name SAFE, it was really the same students. Anne Colbert [?] I think was the name of the woman who was heading up SAFE officially and we at some point, and I’m not sure who did this but I bet Martin was involved somehow, not sure. I wasn’t directly involved in this, but one thing I remember is that some of the students got a little bit mischievous in the best of ways and in the midst of all the frustration that the trustees were controlling things as the shadowy board that no one knew who they were. Nobody knew who were the trustees that were making this decision about these two women’s personal lives but they’re not…they were like “we’re going to form a committee to decide when you can have a ceremony if you can have a ceremony but we’re not going to tell you when we’re going to reach a decision, whose going to be making the decision, how they’re going to make the decision. Don’t call us, we’ll call you.” You know, so in the midst of the frustration around that, someone got their hands on the trustees’ names and addresses. Personal home addresses. And photocopied, like made this thick stack, like photo copy stack of all of the negative press that the university was getting for interfering with Wake Forest Baptist Church’s ability to do its own same-sex union ceremony. And they sent copies of this out to every trustee at their home addresses with a letter, and I think this is actually the letter, I was actually asked to write it, because it had to be from SAFE and not from GSSA. I remember I wrote something and I think that was the one that I wrote, but we sent out this thing to all the trustees and I have no idea what the reaction was to that but it was definitely…I think it gave a lot of the students the sense of like “we have power. Like we can make change. We can do stuff, we can make things happen and if people aren’t gonna let us have our voice then we’re going to claim our voice anyway.” And for me, as a religious kid who was not a troublemaker it was sort of my first taste of like, sometimes you have to push the boundaries a bit to get things done…cause I was always a work within the system kind of guy. So yeah, there were lots of interesting things; I’m sure I could tell you about some more.
Q: That’s great. Thank you. So I know you mentioned a little bit about how people viewed the LGBTQ community at Wake but can you talk a little bit more about people’s feelings in general towards the LGBTQ community while you were here?
A: I mean…I think, ya know, it’s like anything. At any time in any community it’s hard to say because everybody is different. But I think there was…I think the four years when I was here a lot was changing in the culture, so I think there was shift and I think a lot of people were kind of in the middle of that shift. Not very many students were out when I was a freshman and meeting other gay people was scary for a lot of folks. It was scary for me. I heard from other students that there were a lot…and at the time we weren’t really talking a lot about gender identity. Most of the conversation we had was around sexual orientation, as you might suspect from the name of the organization being GALBA and then becoming GSSA. Nowadays I think most people would say there’s a huge oversight there and rightly so. It just really wasn’t a part of the conversation, ya know, in the late 90’s. But just being out as gay or bi was like, there just weren’t many other people. So I heard from students, “oh yeah, there are people hooking up, but everyone’s in the closet. And everybody’s afraid to come out”. Because a lot of people were coming from conservative religious backgrounds the sense on campus was, you know, that it was still really conservative, even though not everyone was religious, but a lot of people were religious. And there was a real concern that people would look down on you. So the Christian…there’s so many Christian organizations, and including intervarsity and they were huge. And they would put on big events and like everybody would go and then GALBA would have a meeting and four people were there. And so there was…I never felt unsafe on campus so I don’t want to overemphasize the negatives parts. I didn’t ever worry that I was going to be beat up or something like that, but I felt really alone. I felt like there wasn’t a lot of support and I felt like there were people who didn’t care if I was gay and there were people who did. And there weren’t many people who were openly supportive. So kind of indifference plus negativity with very little support didn’t make it easy.
But also, I mean, my freshman year started in ‘96. Ellen Degeneres came out in ’97. So, ya know, it was like during the time that I was here, ya know, Will and Grace was becoming a thing, Ellen, other folks were coming out, and so attitudes were starting to shift. But I remember, this isn’t about the campus but it’s about Winston Salem, in ’97 when Ellen came out it was a really big deal. It was a national news story, she was on 20/20, a popular news-magazine show at the time. And it was all, you know, “oh you’re coming out of the closet as a lesbian. What does this mean?” The Winston Salem like local network affiliate for, I think it was ABC that her show was on, I might be wrong, I think it was ABC…but I know this because I this…I still have this video tape of this that I recorded. ‘Cause I recorded the episode of the show where her character came out—it happened right after she as a comedian came out. And so the local network affiliate, when they aired this episode where her character came out, they had this like warning at the beginning, and it was like the station manager I think it was, on camera doing a personal warning like, you know, “this content may not be appropriate for all families. And you may not want your children to watch this, and you know, blah blah blah blah…” It was like there was going to be some really horrible content being shown and all it was, was like Ellen being like, “I’m gay” and people laughing. There was nothing sexual about it; there was nothing that should have been controversial about it, but it was still so controversial for someone to come out and it was in that environment that I came out on campus. Ya know, I mean, the people in my dorm were like, “It’s alright, no big deal” but then it was also like I knew that people were probably talking about me behind my back some and there were people who were kind of [skeptical noise]…the leaders of intervarsity were telling me, ya know, I should go to therapy to become straight. So I think as a Christian it was particularly hard because there was very little support for me in my faith and I had grown up really steeped in church tradition and so I was coming here with my whole identity wrapped up in my faith. And the few people I felt like I got support from here for being gay were very much not part of my faith community—so it was like I had to choose. So yeah…
Q: Were there any openly supportive faculty or staff at Wake that you knew of, or especially any that were supportive for you since you didn’t find that within your own faith community?
A: I didn’t really have a whole lot of conversations that I remember specifically with faculty or staff, although…certainly the folks who were already mentioned on the panel who were involved with then GALBA/GSSA, were all of course supportive. I had a few professors during my time here—I remember there was a psychology professor, Mark Pezzo [?] who was really supportive…there was [were] several faculty in the religion department. I was a religion minor—I was a psych major, religion minor. Ya know, and during my four years I came out more and more and I never…with vaguely one exception, I never really felt like any of the faculty were openly antagonistic at all. When we talked about it, they were supportive. But I didn’t really spend a lot of time going to faculty asking for support.
Q: What would you say was your biggest support system?
A: That’s a hard question because I don’t know that I had…I don’t know that I had a big support system. I mean I think the closest that I had was fellow students in GALBA/GSSA. But I was a little out of that in that as GALBA and GSSA grew, I…even though I was on the board and even though I was going on Wake TV and talking about being gay, and ya know, was kind of becoming…was starting my role as a professional gay at Wake Forest, I didn’t really [sigh] my relationships with a lot of the GALBA folks were strained at times because I was still so religious. I mean, I’d grown up southern Baptist and that really showed in the way that I interacted with everything. They would go out to the club, which was Odyssey, sometimes they’d go to a club in Greensboro, and I had grown up in a church that, ya know, you weren’t allowed to drink alcohol—going to a club was just not okay and so it wasn’t my world. These days I’m a lot more progressive and stuff and I’m a lot more like…I look back on my college self and I’m like “oh my gosh…really?” But at the time, I was really, really conservative so I didn’t feel like I really fit in even within the LGBTQ community. And so honestly I spent most of my four years at Wake feeling like I was kind of all alone in the world. I was really depressed; I was suicidal when I was a sophomore. I was a Reynolds scholar…and I lost my Reynolds scholarship when I was here because I got depressed and my grades went down. I think I might have been the first Reynolds scholar to do that? I’m like the first or second?
Probably not the first.
I do know that I made some history [laugh] in terms of like…they try, I know, with the Reynolds scholars not to let that happen, they try to like…but yeah. I did. I lost my scholarship while I was here, which was hard but it was also kind of a relief because I felt like I was under so much pressure to try to do really, really well in my studies and then also deal with all this stuff and I was just…ya know. So I really didn’t have a lot of support. But there were little bits of support here and there. But just nothing that I felt really connected to.
Q: Did you date while you were on campus? [amused sound by Lee] Or if you didn’t date, what were your kind of relationships or experiences like? Were they more casual or…?
A: Yeah…I had a few experiences with relationships. For a little while I dated a guy long distance and then I met another guy online after that relationship ended. But the guy that I met online, I kind of had this year long relationship with…that went south really quickly when it turned out that a lot of the stuff he’d told me about wasn’t true. So I guess nowadays you’d say I got catfished. That sounds really…That contributed to my depression, certainly. But I didn’t ever have like a…there was a local guy I went out with for a little while, but he wasn’t a student. But I didn’t really have a like, really a significant local boyfriend on campus or anything like that when I was here.
Q: OK. And what about Greek life on campus when you were here? ‘Cause it’s a pretty big deal now. For you as a gay, Christian male, did that have any effect on your life on campus, your social life…?
A: Well yeah, I wasn’t part of the Greek system. I think I always had this idea that fraternities were very straight and so I don’t think I would have felt comfortable, even if a fraternity had said it was LGBT friendly, I don’t think I would have felt comfortable joining one. Certainly the fact that there was so much emphasis on Greek life at Wake was a little intimidating, but it just was not…I mean it was kind of like one more thing that I was like “well, I’m not part of that either…I’m kind of on my own.” Yeah, so that was tough.
Q: And how did those experiences you had at Wake shape what you wanted to do after college? Did that have any effect on that?
A: Yeah…I mean, so because I felt really alone while I was at Wake, particularly as a gay Christian, particularly as a gay Evangelical. It was while I was at Wake that I started writing my story, my whole kind of coming to terms with myself story. And I put this version of my story out on the internet, partly because I kept running into all these well-meaning Christian students at Wake who would like, wanna convert me, or be like “how can you call yourself gay if you’re Christian?” And so I finally got so tired of telling my story over and over that I would just be like, “here I wrote it. I put it on my website; here’s a link.” You know, ‘cause these were the days before Facebook so you would just like create your own website, and so I made my own website. I was like “here’s the link to my website. It explains my story. Read that and then we’ll talk.” But because I did that, I started hearing from people all over the world who were going through similar things and that was the first time I started feeling like I could connect with other people on this and realizing I have the ability to be a spokesperson for other people and help other people. And so that…I ended up reserving the domain “gaychristian.net” to create a…originally as a link for this personal homepage I had set up, and then I thought, “no I could turn this into something else.” So I created a little website about being gay and Christian. And then after I graduated, so that all happened while I was a student at Wake, so then I graduated in 2000, and in 2001 I’d actually started dating somebody and he and I were talking about this and I was like “what if we had like a forum?” Because all these people are emailing me asking me for help just because I’m, I built this website so everyone thinks I’ve got all the answers and I don’t. So I’m like, “what if I created a little forum where people could like talk to each other”, so I did, thinking I’m going to have a couple dozen gay men talking to each other basically gay Christian men. And it very quickly turned into not just gay Christian men, but LGBTQ and allied Christian men and women from all over the place and not just a couple dozen, but now like over 30,000 people are registered on the site, and that was what birthed the Gay Christian Network—the organization that I run now. And now we’re putting on the world’s largest annual LGBT Christian conference and stuff. And all of that grew out of just me writing stuff at Wake and having to kind of…being put on the defensive a lot with the Christian students at Wake. So it wasn’t a great way to get there, but it did, it very much shaped my future. When I graduated from Wake, my senior year I kept thinking, “Everyone knows what they wanna do and I have no idea.” I was a psych major, religion minor. “What am I going to do with this? Am I going to go to seminary? Am I going to like, go do grad work in psychology?” And I graduated and took a year off because I was like “I’m so exhausted. I just need a break.” And then this thing started and all of a sudden I’m running this organization and that’s what I’ve been doing for the last fourteen years. So it’s crazy…it’s crazy.
Q: Looking back a little bit now, you mentioned that you lived in a dormitory…was that experience different for you, you think at all, than other people because of your identity as a gay man? What was that like for you?
A: I was always nervous. I…so I lived in Johnson for two years, which at that time was mostly freshman, but at that time was also the substance free dorm or something. And then I lived in Davis and then Huffman which at the time was like the scholar’s dorm. And Huffman was interesting because my senior year I was in Huffman, and Jeremy mentioned this on the panel, there were a whole bunch of LGBT students living in Huffman at that time and most of them were on the third floor. I wasn’t, I was on the first [?] floor. So like another way that I wasn’t connected…I was like kind of connected but not really…but…so Huffman was really fun because there were lots of other LGBT students and it was like we had a way to connect and kind of have our own little community. So by my senior year I was like, I was doing really well. My freshman year, I remember my freshman year roommate—we were chatting online before I moved on campus, you know, before the year started. And somehow I brought up something about gay people and I was like, “so…yeah, what do you think about gay people?” And he’s like, “well you know, I come from a conservative area, so like, I don’t actually know any gay people, so I don’t know quite how I would react if I met a gay person. I mean I’d like to think that—” He was a lot more progressive than I was ‘cause he wasn’t from a really religious background like I was but he’s lilke, “I’d like to think that I’d be cool with it, but I don’t really know ‘cause I’ve never met one.” So I was like [groaning sound] “Ugh I don’t know what to do.” He actually was great. He was great to have as a roommate. And then my sophomore year, I was thinking now who am I going to have as a roommate, then it turned out that a friend of mine, female friend of mine from intervarsity—who was actually super supportive of me—her boyfriend was looking for a roommate and was happy to be my roommate. He was really great as well.
But then I remember there was a period when I was doing some summer stuff where I ended up with a roommate over the summer and…[sigh]. He didn’t…I don’t remember him saying anything that was explicitly homophobic to me, but it was during that time that I was like dating this like local guy for a little while, so I remember the guy came like to my dorm and we were hanging out. And I heard through the grapevine that my roommate was talking to other people about the fact that I had this guy in my room. And it’s like…we weren’t like having sex or anything, we were just hanging out in the room. We might have kissed, you know? But not even, lilke, in his presence. But apparently he was really weirded out by this. I don’t know what he imagined we were doing in the room, but it shouldn’t have mattered anyway. He was talking about this stuff and how weird and gross it was apparently…that you know, like how weird it was that his roommate had a guy in the room and all this stuff. And so it was these little things that I was like [skeptical sound]. So I tried hard to get a single room as soon as I could s that I wouldn’t have to deal with roommates because I was always a little nervous about that. Nervous about…nervous about having to share a bathroom on the hall with these other guys and all this stuff, like worried about, you know, if the other guys find out that I’m gay, are they going to be worried that I’m like, looking at them, you know what I mean? Because all this stuff, like [anguished croak sound]. I remember there was a guy on my hall [laughs] I probably shouldn’t tell this story for the record but I’m telling you…I remember there was a guy on my hall who was very…free with his body in the bathroom, like most of the guys on my hall were like really, like my freshman and sophomore years were very modest and, you know, they would have like a robe or towel or something and they would like get it in the shower and you would see the towel or shorts or something go flying over the side. And this one guy, he was just like happy just being all in front of everybody. And I was always…I would…he was very attractive and I would walk in and see him and it would be like [groan] “where do I look? Where do I turn? I don’t want to act weird about this, but I don’t want him to think I’m looking at him. Does he know I’m gay?” [panicked sound] So I mean stuff like that, it’s weird. It just makes you feel like, you know…so yeah, those were the weird dorm things.
Q: [laughs] Weird dorm things…did you know if there was any sex education programs, did you participate in any that were directed towards LGBTQ people?
A: That’s a good question. I…don’t remember. I feel like there might have been something at some point, like later in my time here, but I honestly don’t have any clear memory of it. I’m not sure. I do know by the time I was like a senior that it seemed like there was a move with, you know, some of the faculty and administration and the counseling staff and stuff to recognize that there was a need for more support for LGBTQ students. So I do remember stuff like that happening and I remember GSSA was growing and there were more, you know…so there was more support stuff happening. So it wouldn’t surprise me if there were things like that happening but like, a lot of my memories are from being here as a freshman and sophomore and feeling, just very isolated.
Q: Were there any other aspects of your identity, I know you mentioned a lot about being gay and being very Christian, were there other aspects of you identity that you feel like shaped your time at Wake?
A: Hm. Those were the two that were primarily in my mind, just dealing with being gay and Christian from a conservative Evangelical background was a lot. I’m very aware now looking back, that being white certainly shaped my perspective on things in a way that I didn’t recognize at the time, but I think that’s privilege. When you’re part of the majority, that shapes your perspective, but you’re not as aware that it shapes your perspective. But like talking to a good friend of mine, who was here when I was, who is gay and Christian and black, I recognize that his experience was in some ways different from mine because of race. And you know, other things as well, but you know, that’s a factor. But in terms of what I was aware of at the time, I think being gay and being a conservative Christian were the big things.
Q: Did the disaffiliation of Wake from the Baptist church have any influence on your experience here? Was it talked about or anything while you were a student here?
A: It didn’t feel like it was a big thing because, I mean, there had been this formal separation, but then when the Wait Chapel controversy happened and the statement from the trustees was like, all about Christian tradition and that Wake Forest is a part of Christian tradition and you can’t, you know, depart from that Christion tradition, kind of language…and so yeah. There had officially been this formal separation but what does that really mean if the school is still so religious that, you know, the university’s going to actually interfere in a private religious ceremony because it doesn’t want to stray too far from conservative religious tradition, then what does that really mean? So I didn’t feel like it was as much of an issue as it probably should have been.
Q: Did you ever feel like your race or specifically your affiliation with Christianity ever prevented you from dating certain people—like you only felt like you could date certain people that were from your race or your affiliation religiously? Did that ever affect anything for you?
A: Well not race. I never felt like race was a factor for who I could date, but definitely, you know, as a conservative Evangelical, it was just like, you know, dating a non-Christian was not allowed. And in fact, the local guy who I was dating for a while was not Christian and it was one of the reasons that I think our relationship didn’t really progress beyond casual dating. But because I still had, you know, these messages in my head, that like, as a Christian I probably shouldn’t be dating him anyway because he wasn’t a Christian—and certainly we couldn’t get serious. But at the same time it was like I didn’t have a lot of options, like I didn’t know a lot of gay people. I mean even with GALBA, there were just not that many out gay people on campus, at least who were out to me and the ones who were out to me, none of them seemed…they were all people who either I wasn’t interested in or they didn’t seem interested in me, so I’m sure religion was a factor there. ‘Cause I was so conservative. So yeah, it was sort of like, ” I probably shouldn’t be dating you, but you know, there’s not a lot of other options here. I’m really lonely so…” So that was definitely a factor…yeah.
Q: Are there any other final anecdotes you’d like to give?
A: Let me think…during the panel I wrote something down that I was thinking about but I might have already said it. Let’s see. Eh, I’ve probably said the important stuff.
Q: Did you come out to your parents at all while you were at college? How was that experience if you did?
A: Oh! Yeah so this is another story that’s actually in my book too. I came out to my parents right before starting Wake. Literally a week before my freshman year started. Because I wanted to give them like a week to ask any questions they wanted to ask and then get out of the house. Ya know, my conservative Southern Baptist parents, I just, you know…and they had a hard time with it. There was a period where we were arguing a lot—they would call and I wouldn’t answer the phone because I just didn’t want another argument. My dad wrote a letter that was really hurtful; he didn’t intend it to be hurtful, I know he intended it to be loving, but I found it really hurtful. And so that was a real struggle and my parents were of the opinion that I should not come out to anybody because I think that they still believed that at some point I would realize, “this is a big mistake, I’m really straight after all” and they didn’t want my reputation to be ruined. Which of course it would be if I was gay.
So I went on Wake TV, one of several times I was one Wake TV. There was a politics show called “Politics Unplugged” and there was another show called “The Advocates”. There were interesting shows that, you know, were talking about issues and of the times that I went on the show and talked about being gay and Christian I promoted Pride Week which was something that my friend Ty Howard and I came up with that we wanted to do…So, you know, we’d go on the show and sometimes get crank calls from students who would ask obscene questions of us because we were gay and stuff. But this one time, I was on Wake TV, may have been the first time I was on Wake TV and I was talking about being gay—someone looked up my home phone number in the student directory, called my parents…and this show aired at midnight so this was after midnight. Somebody called my parents in the middle of the night and my mom answered and this unknown student asked, “Do you have a son named Justin?” and my mom’s first thought was something horrible has happened, he’s been in an accident or something and she’s like, “Yes, what’s wrong?” And the person said, “Do you know he’s a homosexual?” My mom told me about this the next day, and she was so…by the time she recovered from the shock of this, she had not known I was going to be on tv; she had told me not to come out on campus, you know? So clearly, this was not something she was happy with because this person’s like, “I’m watching him on campus television right now talking about being a homosexual.” Despite that, her first response was to defend me and to tell this person, “You don’t know my son. You don’t know anything about his character. How dare you? Who do you think you are?” Because this person was saying all kinds of bad things about me and she was like, “How dare you? I love my son and I’m proud of him.” And so that was actually this really powerful moment for me—that my mom stood up for me, even amidst all the disagreement that we had, my mom stood up for me. And I think it was a moment that crystalized for her that, hey no matter what, we are…we’re family. And my mom passed away two years ago, but that’s one thing that I’ve always remembered, is that that happened and also that during graduation exercises there was a thing where they ask students to write essays about what they learned during their four years at Wake Forest, and I was one of three students selected to read our essays in front of everybody during graduation weekend. I don’t know if they still do that, but it’s a thing. And so my essay was about coming to terms with being gay and Christian at Wake Forest I saw…my parents were there—I got up and I read my essay in front of them and when I came down people were clapping and my mom stood up and gave me a big hug in front of everybody. And it was like, again, this acknowledgment that “this is my son and I’m proud of him. I’m proud of my gay son,” you know—and these are the things that I still hold onto even now that my mom’s passed away and everything. So that was really powerful for me.
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Quintez Cephus Paul Chryst Rebecca Blank Sports Sports governance Sexual assault Violent crime Crime General news Football College football College sports Acquittals Court decisions Legal proceedings Law and order Women's sports
Wisconsin Big Ten
NCAA clears Wisconsin WR Quintez Cephus to play
- Aug. 23, 2019 06:08 PM EDT
Former Wisconsin Badger football player Quintez Cephus, second from right, arrives at a press conference to reiterate his request for reinstatement to the university in Madison, Wis. Monday, Aug. 12, 2019. The former wide receiver was acquitted earlier this month of sexual assault charges stemming from a campus incident in his apartment. He was expelled from the university in March after the university's own internal investigation. A group of current team members were on hand to show support for Cephus at the event. (John Hart/Wisconsin State Journal via AP)
MADISON, Wis. (AP) — Wisconsin wide receiver Quintez Cephus was declared eligible to play Friday, a year after he was suspended in the fallout from a sexual assault allegation that resulted in his acquittal by a jury at trial.
Cephus was suspended from the team in August 2018 after he was charged with second- and third-degree sexual assault. Prosecutors filed the counts after two women accused him of sexually assaulting both of them in his apartment that April when they were too drunk to consent. Cephus maintained the sex was consensual and one of his accusers arranged the encounter.
A jury acquitted Cephus of the charges earlier this month and Chancellor Rebecca Blank allowed him to return to school. The athletic department said he wasn't eligible to play in games but didn't elaborate. Wisconsin football spokesman Brian Lucas said Friday that Cephus was ineligible because he did not fulfill the NCAA's credit requirements in the spring semester.
The NCAA granted a waiver restoring his eligibility for the 19th-ranked Badgers, who open the season Aug. 30 at South Florida.
Cephus tweeted that he's thankful he can play again. The 6-foot-1, 207-pound junior earned All-Big Ten honorable mention honors in 2017 before not seeing the field last season.
Cephus played in 23 games for Wisconsin in 2016 and 2017, including 13 starts, hauling in 34 passes for 595 yards and six touchdowns. The Georgia native also has nine career carries for 46 rushing yards.
Cephus accumulated 501 yards receiving in the 2017 season and led the team with six touchdown catches despite breaking his right leg against Indiana and missing the final five games of the season.
Cephus returned to practice on Wednesday. Coach Paul Chryst said then that Cephus didn't get a "ton of reps" but it as "great having him out here."
"But it was his first practice, so you just treat him a guy who's at his first practice," Chryst said. "Certainly he's excited to be back with a group that means a ton to him. I haven't asked him anything specific like how do you feel, but certainly everyone has gone through a lot, him being one of them."
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Janet LeClair, New York, the artist’s niece, and family
Robert Henri, Painter, organized by the Delaware Art Museum, and traveled to the Pennsylvania State University Museum of Art; the Cincinnati Art Museum; the Phoenix Art Museum; and the Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington DC, 1984, catalogue by Bennard Perlman, No.82, illustrated
William Merritt Chase and Robert Henri: American Master Painters, Vero Beach Center for the Arts, Florida, 1986, catalogue No.39, illustrated
“My People”: the Portraits of Robert Henri, organized by the Orlando Museum of Art, Florida, and traveled to the Fort Lauderdale Museum of Art and the Columbus Museum, Georgia, 1994, catalogue p. 35, plate 41
Henri, one of the leading members of the so-called “Ashcan School” of progressive American artists in the early years of the 20th Century, is most admired for his figure paintings, and Betalo Nude is one of the most widely exhibited of his nude subjects. His Figure in Motion of 1913 (Terra Foundation), a large standing nude, had represented the artist in the landmark Armory Show of 1913, and he used the reclining figurative composition in 1916 for both this Betalo painting and his famous portrait of the philanthropist, patron and artist Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney (Whitney Museum of American Art).
Betalo Rubino, a professional dancer, was one of Henri’s favorite models, and appears similarly nude and reclining in another Henri composition of the same time, Betalo Nude, in the Milwaukee Art Museum, and is the subject of the monumental full length Betalo Rubino, Dramatic Dancer in the St. Louis Art Museum. She had previously appeared in Dancer in a Yellow Shawl of 1910 (Columbus Museum of Art, Ohio) and in Girl with Fan, also of 1910 (Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts). Henri painted a number of other likenesses of Betalo, including in her celebrated role as The Dancer of Delhi, private collection, Connecticut.
As the noted art historian Bennard Perlman observed in his catalogue for the exhibition Robert Henri, Painter, “in Betalo Nude a sometimes yellowish flesh tone is allowed to extend beyond the diagonal thrust of the sensuous form onto the sheets, yet the warm hue is basically massed in the body and isolated from the blue background.”
Betalo Nude
Oil on canvas, 33 ¼ x 41 ¼ in.
Signed Robert Henri and inscribed with the artist’s record book number 131-J
on the reverse
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The Mid-Week Beat: RIP Lou Reed
So, if this was a normal Halloween, I would be writing about all the upcoming Halloween music events but when a musical legend dies, it’s the duty of the music fan to pay tribute. This last Sunday morning, we lost probably one of the most influential musicians of the past 40 years and an artist that had a tremendous impact on me: Lou Reed.
Any fan of “alternative” music owes a huge debt to Reed. Starting his musical career in the era of “free love” and psychedelia, Reed was churning out discordant, droning songs about violence, hard drugs and life on the streets of New York City; far removed from what was going on in hippy meccas like London or San Francisco. Reed believed that rock and roll could push boundaries and challenge audiences just like the literature of the Beat Generation or the art of the avant garde.
Therefore, it’s not surprising that he found a confidante and ally in Andy Warhol, who took Reed’s band the Velvet Underground under his wing, giving them a home at his Factory, an entourage of “superstar” fans and a dark, surreal aesthetic that struck a deep resonating chord for the music fans that would later develop the punk ethos. The famous saying goes that the first Velvet Underground album sold very few copies, but everyone that bought it, formed a band.
After the demise of the Velvet Underground, Reed continued to experiment, creating the proto-industrial record Metal Machine Music, penning probably the first Top 40 hit about transsexuals (“Walk on the Wild Side”) and becoming a major influence and star of the glam rock scene of the early 70s. Of course, by the mid-1970s punk was in full swing and Reed was regularly credited as one of the founders. His songs were covered by bands like Joy Division, The Modern Lovers, Slaughter and the Dogs and Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds, who all obviously owed a huge debt to Reed and the Velvet Underground.
Reed continued to make challenging music up until his death on Sunday, collaborating with Metallica and the Gorillaz, among others. Needless to say, the music world is a lot emptier without his presence and for this week’s Mid-Week Beat, I thought I’d highlight shows and musicians that owe a debt to Mr. Reed and the music he created. Thanks for everything Lou. We’ll miss you.
Tags: All Hallows Eve at the Haunted Theater, Bellingham, Columbia City Theater, David Bowie, Drag Queens in Limousines, Halloween, Hedwig and the Angry Inch, Lou Reed, Mary Gauthier, Music Craft: David Bowie, Northwest Film Forum, Talking Deads, The Dee Dees, The Green Frog, The Mid-Week Beat, Velvet Underground, Walk on the Wild Side.
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Palau, or Palau, with its official name, is an Oceania country. It is to the north of Papua New Guinea. In 1994, he emerged from US patronage. In the native language, the name is Belau. South of the Great Ocean.
Palau's islands in the north, Sonsorol in the south-west, Merir, the small coral islands called Pulo Anna and Tobi and the Helen Reef. It consists of about 350 islands. I, the islands of Palau, constitute the western end of the Caroline Islands. Babelthuap Island, which has a height of 217 m, is the largest island with a surface area of 143 km². The island of Koror, which is located just south of Babelthuap and rising to approximately 628 m, is the capital and the largest settlement of the republic. By 2007, he was the capital of the country, and in that year the government moved to the capital, Ngerulmud. Palau's climate is tropical. The average annual temperature in Koror is 28 ° C. Annual rainfall is 3,800 mm on Koror Island and 3,290 mm on Angaur Island. In the coastal areas of the Palau islands where the land is fertile, there are Mangrove swamps, in the inner parts of the hills, coconut trees and hills covered with rainforest.
Palau, which reached the Spanish sailor Ruy López de Villalobos in 1543, remained in Spanish domination for more than three hundred years. The group of Palau islands was sold to Germany in 1899 along with the islands of Mariana and Caroline. The Japanese developed the mining, plantation farming and commercial fishing in the Palau islands group, which they captured in 1914. II. In World War II, the group of islands, which is an important naval base of Japan, passed into the hands of the US forces in 1944. Palau became a part of the United Nations Pacific Islands Guardianship in 1947 under US supervision. After the two referendums (in 1979 the referendum to join Palau in Micronesia) because of the differences in language and culture, no decision was made.) In 1981, a constitution was adopted and the same year elections were held. In 1981 Palau, an independent republic in domestic affairs, signed a Free Union Agreement with the United States in 1982. According to the contract, the US would have the right to have military bases in Palau, in return for the country's security and defense and financial assistance. In the transition period from 1982 to 1994, a small, but powerful minority on the island was constantly opposed to the US military force, especially nuclear power, and two island rulers were killed in 1985 and 1988 in the acts of violence. and the Free Union Agreement was made.
Tourism and fishing are common economic activities in Palau. Agriculture and livestock activities are done as subsistence. Transportation between the islands is largely done by air and sea. Koror Island is connected to Babelthuap with bridges and through Arakabesan and Malakal islands. There is an airway connection to Micronesia, Guam, the Philippines and Australia.
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Who we are / Staff / Susanne Stormer
Susanne Stormer
Chief Sustainability Officer,
Susanne is VP of Corporate Sustainability and Chief Sustainability officer at Novo Nordisk. She leads the company’s efforts to be a sustainable business and is charged with oversight of corporate sustainability-driven programmes, its integrated Annual Report, stakeholder engagements and communication on the value of the company’s triple-bottom-line (TBL) business principles.
In this capacity she sets the strategic direction for the company’s positioning as a sustainability leader and a pioneer in demonstrating the long-term business value of incorporating economic, social and environmental perspectives into its market proposition.
Susanne joined the Novo Group in 2000 to ingrain the TBL principles into the business as the lens for decision-making and as a strong component of its corporate culture. Among her achievements are the successful integration of the company’s financial and sustainability reporting. Before that, she worked as a strategy and communications consultant in the field of environmental and sustainability issues management for more than a decade.
She is also adjunct professor of Corporate Sustainability at the Copenhagen Business School.
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We are committed to meeting the growing demand for energy, while at the same time reducing the environmental impacts.
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For more than 135 years, we have pioneered the science and research that enables innovative technologies, changing our industry and the world.
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ExxonMobil's primary responsibility is to produce the energy and products the world needs in a responsible manner.
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As one of the world's largest publicly traded energy providers and chemical manufacturers, ExxonMobil develops and applies next-generation technologies to help safely and responsibly meet the world's growing needs for energy and high-quality chemical products.
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Innovating energy solutions: Research and development highlights
R&D has been part of ExxonMobil’s DNA since our company began more than 135 years ago. Our innovations have helped provide the energy fundamental to modern life – from the clean, efficient fuels that power today’s transportation to the natural gas that provides light and heat to homes and businesses.
Today, our world faces a dual challenge: meeting growing demand for energy while also reducing environmental impacts, including the risks of climate change. ExxonMobil is committed to doing our part.
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Our commitment to energy innovation
Today, we are working to develop the next generation of energy solutions, including: advanced biofuels; carbon capture and storage; natural gas technologies; and new energy efficiency processes. In addition to our robust in-house capabilities, we collaborate with leading research and technology companies, national labs and universities, and others involved in breakthrough energy research. While all forms of energy are needed – including natural gas and renewables such as wind and solar – new technologies will be required to meet the world’s emissions-reduction goals.
R&D is in our DNA
ExxonMobil is looking for affordable, scalable solutions that address the three main areas of energy use: transportation, power generation and manufacturing. We are also deploying advanced technologies in these areas where applicable.
facing a dual challenge infographic
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Scientists at ExxonMobil are working to transform algae and plant waste into biofuels that could one day be used for transportation. These advanced biofuels offer the possibility of achieving significant greenhouse gas reductions compared to today’s transportation fuels. They could also minimize impacts on land, fresh water and food supplies compared with traditional biofuels like corn or sugar cane. Algae naturally produce oils that can be turned into a renewable, lower-emission fuel. ExxonMobil and Synthetic Genomics, Inc. (SGI) are working together to identify and enhance algae strains capable of high lipid production while maintaining desirable growth rates.
ExxonMobil is studying the production of biodiesel by fermenting cellulosic sugars in agricultural residues from places like farms and lumber mills.
In 2018, SGI and ExxonMobil began field testing algae strains at the California Advanced Algal Facility. Our goal: to have the technical capability to produce 10,000 barrels a day of algae biofuels by 2025.
Could advanced biofuels be tomorrow’s lower-emission transportation fuel?
Biofuels used today are largely derived from agricultural crops. Sugar cane and corn are used to make ethanol, while biodiesel is made from vegetable oils like soy. Biofuels made from algae and cellulosic biomass (abundant plant waste such as corn stalks and wheat straw), however, could provide a renewable fuel source that does not compete with supplies of food or fresh water. These advanced biofuels have the potential to be produced on a large scale, and are derived from sources that consume CO2.
From production to combustion, here are seven reasons why we think the answer could be yes. Find out why these renewable energy sources are so promising.
They consume CO2
Like all plants, the sources of cellulosic biomass consume CO2 from the atmosphere as they grow. Algae also consume CO2 to grow, using the same process of photosynthesis.
Lower-emission fuels
On a life cycle basis, algae and cellulosic biofuels emit about half as many greenhouse gases as petroleum-derived fuel.
Based on current technology, an acre of algae could yield more than 2,000 gallons (7,570 liters) of fuel. Compare that to 650 gallons per acre for palm oil and 50 for soybean oil. We’re working to make algae even more productive in the future.
Year-round harvests
Algae can be harvested repeatedly throughout the year unlike other feedstocks, such as corn, which are harvested only once a year.
Turning waste to fuel
Cellulosic biomass uses waste plant materials, such as crop residue like corn stalks, sawdust and other wood waste.
Food friendly
Algae can be cultivated on land unsuitable for other purposes, with water that can’t be used for food production. Cellulosic biomass can be derived from agricultural waste or woody biomass, which also do not compete with food.
Engine ready
Fuel derived from algae and cellulosic material can be pumped into existing diesel automobiles without making major changes to car engines and infrastructure.
Algae: How beneficial can it be as a biofuel of the future?
Algae biofuels
ExxonMobil and SGI renew their game-changing algae partnership
The power of algae
Natural gas technology
The abundance and versatility of natural gas make it a valuable energy source to meet a wide variety of needs, and help the world shift to less-carbon-intensive energy sources. Natural gas is an ideal fuel for reliable power generation, and supplements intermittent renewable sources such as solar or wind. In the United States, the power sector’s shift from coal to natural gas has played a key role in bringing U.S. energy-related CO2 emissions to 1990s levels despite significant growth in energy demand. Recent advances in production technologies have unlocked vast new supplies of natural gas in North America that previously were uneconomic to produce. ExxonMobil is one of the largest natural gas producers in the United States.
ExxonMobil is committed to reducing emissions of methane from our operations and encouraging others across the natural gas value chain to do the same.
ExxonMobil is a leader in liquefied natural gas (LNG) technology that will drive lower-emission energy solutions and help supply cleaner-burning natural gas to markets around the world.
Energy Outlook: Natural gas
ExxonMobil.com: Natural gas
Mitigating emissions in our operations
6 charts that explain why natural gas will be the fuel of the future
Top 10 states for natural gas
CO2 can be captured, compressed and injected underground for permanent storage. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has recognized carbon capture as essential to meeting global emissions-reduction goals. ExxonMobil, along with its academic and private-sector partners, is focused on new ways to capture CO2 from industrial and power generation sources, as well as directly from the atmosphere. Our research portfolio spans a wide range of technologies, including novel materials and processes.
ExxonMobil is a sponsor of the National Carbon Capture Center, a U.S. Department of Energy research facility, and is a founding member of the Global CCS Institute.
In 2019, ExxonMobil and Global Thermostat signed a joint development agreement to advance breakthrough technology that can capture and concentrate carbon dioxide emissions from industrial sources, including power plants, and the atmosphere.
ExxonMobil is exploring an exciting new possibility: using carbonate fuel cells to more economically capture CO2 emissions from gas-fired power plants. This novel approach would significantly reduce the energy needed to capture CO2, is easier to operate than existing technologies, and can be deployed in a modular fashion in multiple industry settings.
Carbonate fuel cell technology could make carbon capture more affordable for industrial sites and power plants.
Manufacturing and power generation account for about 70% of global energy-related greenhouse gas emissions.
Download the fuel cell infographic
Fuel cell carbon capture: How does it work?
Power plants use fuel cells to increase production and reduce emissions
Focus on technology: Upstream advances
Process intensification
ExxonMobil is looking to solve a big challenge: how to reduce emissions from manufacturing processes. One focus area is process intensification – the development of breakthrough technologies that could make manufacturing far more efficient. Our goal is to develop novel process technologies, including membranes and other advanced separations, catalysts and high-efficiency reactors, that can lower CO2 emissions by 25% or greater.
ExxonMobil is a member of the Rapid Advancement in Process Intensification Deployment (RAPID) Institute, a public-private partnership sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy focused on significantly reducing the energy intensity of petroleum and chemical industry operations.
Since 2000, ExxonMobil has spent more than $2 billion to make our downstream facilities more energy efficient, resulting in a 10% improvement in energy intensity.
How can we reduce emissions from industry?
The industrial sector, which produces everything from steel to cellphones, accounts for about one-third of global energy-related CO2 emissions. ExxonMobil is researching a range of process- intensification technologies that could significantly reduce emissions associated with manufacturing.
Chemicals process breakthrough
ExxonMobil and Georgia Tech have developed a potentially revolutionary technology that could significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions associated with plastics manufacturing by using a molecular filter – rather than energy and heat – to perform a key step in the process. It could be 50 times more efficient than today’s separation techniques.
Other technologies that can reduce industry-related emissions include:
Low-energy separations: Separating molecules is a key part of making energy and chemicals. ExxonMobil is looking for ways to do so using less energy. ITQ-55 is an ultra-narrow-pore zeolite that can separate ethylene from ethane – a key step in petrochemicals production – by acting as a “molecular sieve” rather than via cryogenic distillation. Developed with Spain’s Instituto de Tecnologia Quimica, it could reduce the energy used to purify ethylene by up to 25%. We also have developed a new gas-treating technology called RapAdsorb™, which significantly reduces the infrastructure and energy needed to remove water and CO2 from natural gas.
High-efficiency reactors: ExxonMobil is working to reduce the energy needed to transform hydrocarbons into other useful products. We focus on thermal efficiency, modern reactor design and process miniaturization.
ExxonMobil has developed a range of high-efficiency catalysts that help refiners make cleaner, high-quality transportation fuels more efficiently. Our latest is Celestia, a bulk metal hydroprocessing catalyst that is twice as active as the most advanced catalyst in use today.
Download the reverse osmosis infographic
Under the microscope: How energy savings and emission reductions begin at the molecular level
Energy through a filter
Reversing to move forward
Advanced products
ExxonMobil develops and produces a range of petroleum-based products that help our customers reduce their greenhouse gas emissions and improve efficiency. These include resilient, lightweight automotive plastics that reduce overall vehicle weight, as well as advanced tire materials and transportation fuels and lubricants – all of which can enable cars and trucks to go even farther between fill-ups.
Our advanced products include packaging solutions that save fuel and avoid food waste, and building materials that make homes and offices more energy efficient.
Our high-performance lubricants – used in more than 40,000 wind turbines worldwide – improve sustainability because they need replacing less frequently, reducing the volume of used oil that needs to be disposed of or recycled.
Advanced vehicle and fuel technology
How plastics are boosting MPGs
Energy Futurists: Fueling the future
Life cycle assessments
A product’s potential environmental impact extends beyond its manufacturing and use. It also includes the acquisition of raw materials used to make the product, as well as its transport and disposal. In other words, a product’s estimated environmental impact should reflect its entire life cycle. ExxonMobil uses in-house experts and tools to conduct environmental life cycle assessments of emerging products and activities. In doing so, we are able to assess which technologies have the potential to deliver the game-changing results required to transition to a lower-carbon energy system.
ExxonMobil also collaborates with researchers at universities to advance the science of life cycle assessments. We have developed new approaches to quantifying environmental impacts associated with energy systems and published our findings in peer-reviewed journals.
ExxonMobil develops technologies that reduce carbon emissions over a product’s life cycle. For example, we make a range of advanced products – such as materials for lightweight plastic packaging – that help manufacturers reduce transportation energy use, emissions and waste.
Life cycle analysis ExxonMobil literature
Innovative plastics to combat food waste
Sustainability on the shopping shelves
In our search for energy and environmental solutions, ExxonMobil partners with companies whose expertise in certain areas complements our own. We also work directly with the users of our energy and chemical products – including automakers and packaging companies – to develop new products that reduce energy use and emissions.
ExxonMobil and IBM are jointly researching the use of quantum computing to develop next-generation energy and manufacturing technologies.
ExxonMobil scientists work directly with a range of automakers to develop fluids and lubricants specifically made to meet the unique needs of electric vehicles.
How is ExxonMobil fueling future energy discoveries?
No single company or entity is capable of developing the breakthroughs needed to meet the world’s energy and environmental challenges. That’s why ExxonMobil casts a wide net in the search for new energy technologies – collaborating with universities, national labs, and other companies and innovators around the world.
In-house research capabilities
ExxonMobil’s R&D program spans a wide range of focus areas, including catalysts and other advanced materials, computational modeling, and process engineering. ExxonMobil also has been a leader in climate research for more than four decades. Our findings are consistently published in peer-reviewed publications.
ExxonMobil has research and technology labs around the world, including our main R&D facilities in New Jersey and Texas, and others in Belgium, Canada, China, Malaysia, India and Qatar.
ExxonMobil’s world-class computing and data analytics capabilities enable our innovations. We are a founding member of the U.S. Oil and Gas Blockchain Consortium, Carbon which explores how blockchain technologies can be applied in the oil and gas industry.
Universities and labs
ExxonMobil works with about 80 universities around the world to explore next-generation energy and environmental solutions.
The centerpiece is our investment in five global energy centers: the MIT Energy Initiative; Princeton E-ffiliates Partnership; Stanford Strategic Energy Alliance; The University of Texas Institute; and the Singapore Energy Center led by the Nanyang Technological University and National University of Singapore. ExxonMobil has committed $175 million to fund breakthrough energy research at these centers.
In 2019, ExxonMobil formed a partnership with the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory and National Energy Technology Laboratory, to jointly research and develop lower-carbon energy systems and technologies.
This unique collaboration will focus on next-generation biofuels, carbon capture, life cycle assessment and other promising areas.
Collaborating with leading universities
A collaboration in curiosity: ExxonMobil and MIT explore the oceans
ExxonMobil and UT collaborate to solve our future energy challenges
Ivy walls and industry’s halls (Princeton)
Beyond R&D: Policy and actions
Meeting the dual challenge is a global issue that requires the collaboration of governments, industries, consumers and other stakeholders. ExxonMobil has been vocal in our support of an economy-wide price on CO2 emissions.
We are a member of the Climate Leadership Council, which promotes a carbon fee with the revenues returned to Americans. In 2018, we joined the Oil and Gas Climate Initiative, a voluntary initiative representing more than a dozen of the world’s largest oil and gas producers working collaboratively toward solutions to mitigate the risks of climate change. We continue to support the Paris Agreement as an important framework for addressing climate-change risks.
ExxonMobil has an agreement with Orsted A/S to buy 500 megawatts of wind and solar power for our operations in West Texas, making us one of the top 10 corporate wind and solar buyers in 2018.
ExxonMobil is a founding member of the Alliance to End Plastic Waste, a collaboration of nearly 30 global companies across the plastics value chain seeking to develop effective ways to minimize and manage plastic waste and promote solutions for used plastics.
Researching solutions for lower emissions
With more than 20,000 scientists and engineers around the world, ExxonMobil is a leader in energy innovation.
Research and innovation Energy Factor • Sept. 23, 2019
Tools of the future for today's energy workers
These days, mind-bending new technologies aren’t just revolutionizing Silicon Valley. Inventors are working to get these tools into the hands of technicians at refineries on the Gulf Coast and operators in the Permian Basin.
Research and innovation Energy Factor • June 18, 2019
Innovation finds a home in the digital garage
From search engine giants to sophisticated computer manufacturers, some of the biggest names in the tech industry are known for their humble beginnings – a makeshift workspace in a garage. And, some of ExxonMobil’s greatest emerging technologies also start in its “digital garage,” though the workspace there is cutting-edge, rather than makeshift.
Research and innovation Energy Factor • Feb. 27, 2019
A quantum leap in supplying tomorrow's energy
Discovering tomorrow’s energy on a global scale relies on pushing fundamental science at the micro-level, and new technologies are constantly improving that search for true understanding.
Research and innovation Energy Factor • Jan. 11, 2019
We collaborate with leading universities around the world as part of our commitment to finding meaningful and scalable solutions to meet global energy demand, while also minimizing the environmental impacts of energy use, including the risks of climate change.
Research and innovation Topic
We actively support initiatives to reduce consumer emissions from the use of our products in the transportation sector. These include research efforts with partner universities and other companies to address the fuel and vehicle as a single system to improve efficiency.
Energy Factor
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Friends/Recommendations
About David Ell
David Ell Sample Tracks
Social Media Following
David Ell
Viewing: Independent Music - View all posts
Bleed - Music Video
For a little while now, I have been sitting on some unreleased material for the current album Welcome to the Ball......
I had all sorts of intentions but then I started working on a new album project (about which much more in a later post) .
In reality, I have been working on the new material, recording and writing sessions for the last year or so. However I reached a natural hiatus. With all the recording and arranging recently completed, it gave me the opportunity to go back to some things I had diverted myself from. And in so doing the more I delved into it, the more I listened back, the more I began to find some connections between the material on my current album and some of the new songs. So bizarrely it feels completely natural to come back to this.
Here is the video for the song Bleed, the third track on the album Welcome to the Ball. It's a full on post rock song touching on themes of disconnection and isolation - in many ways it feels very much a song for the age we live in. It's quite a full on sound. And there was only one way to go with the visual in my mind.
I am currently working up a set of live songs from both the forthcoming album and the current album - with any luck this will be one of them.
"Bleed"
in Music, Album Release, Original Music, Soundtrack Music, David Ell, Independent Music, Welcome to the Ball, Song Reviews, Singer Songwriters, Rock Music, Indie Music, Alternative Music, Music Videos, Progressive rock, Post punk music, poprock, Progrock, davidellmusic
Welcome to the Ball: Album Release
My third studio album Welcome to the Ball is now available through this site as well as independent record label Mask Carnival. You can hear (and download) all the songs on the music page of this site (please also check out some videos). Check out the reviews on the testimonials page.
The album features as one of the top 100 albums of 2015 in NBT Music Radio's annual review alongside both established and independent artists.
in Music, Album Release, Original Music, David Ell, Independent Music, Welcome to the Ball, Song Reviews, Singer Songwriters, Scottish Music, Rock Music, Indie Music, Alternative Music, Music Videos
Song Review for unreleased track "Reach"
Reach: Song Review David Sinclair, music critic for the Times, reviewing an unreleased track called Reach from forthcoming album Welcome To The Ball, describes it as "dark, dramatic and atmospheric. "I close my eyes and I'm floating in the clouds, I'm drifting in the sea," he sings as the music swirls around him in growing waves of electro-orchestral sound, and a sense of agitated desperation gradually engulfs him. "Angry voices close in on me so I start to run, run, run... The pain it comes, comes, comes." They could use this as the soundtrack for one of those Scandinavian TV murder-thrillers. With its deep sense of mystery and foreboding, this is music with real character...."
Post script: The official 2015 album track also features in the top tracks of 2015 as chosen by NBT Music, December 2015
in Music, Album Release, Original Music, Soundtrack Music, David Ell, Independent Music, Welcome to the Ball, Song Reviews, Singer Songwriters, Scottish Music, Rock Music, Indie Music, Alternative Music
Dance of the Furies; David Ell's instrumental album
Dance of the Furies was named in NBT Music Radio's Top 100 Albums of the Year by any artist alongside features from established artists, Sigur Ros, Bloc Party, Bat for Lashes, Richard Hawley. A track entitled Destiny Waits While The Twilight Fires Fade was also named as one of the top 100 singles of the year. Both the album and single tracks are available for download on I-Tunes and elsewhere on the site. Check out the following facebook links for the full review listings.
Review 1 Review 2
in Music, Album Release, Original Music, Soundtrack Music, David Ell, Dance of the Furies, Independent Music
Video - We Carved Our Names Into The Wood, a.k.a. Scars
Video - We Carved Our Names
Into The Wood, a.k.a. Scars
Please take the time to check out a video of an acoustic track based on a live studio recording. This is an unreleased track from forthcoming third album Welcome To The Ball. The song itself is a bit of a rites of passage piece about childhood friends whose lives take slightly different paths before meeting again later in life. Catharsis ensues...The album track lyrics will be posted shortly if you want to get more under the skin of it! Instrumentation for this comprised a couple of acoustic guitar parts, a counter piano melody, kick drum, shaker/percussion and of course vocals. The album version is a slightly heavier arrangement.
in Music, Album Release, Original Music, Soundtrack Music, David Ell, Independent Music, Welcome to the Ball, Song Reviews, Singer Songwriters, Scottish Music, Rock Music, Indie Music, Alternative Music, Music Videos
Wreckingball 5:42
Wreckingball
Please choose a price: £ GBP (£0.99 or more)
Please pay at least £0.99
Close My Eyes 4:52
Close My Eyes
Oxygen 5:08
Monna Lisa 5:42
Fever 5:18
Don't Know 4:03
Flatline 6:14
The Man Behind The Mask 5:31
Bleed 5:35
Feed Me To The Wolves 4:55
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T-Shirt God
Here's the initial step, a the charcoal drawing of the psychopath Che Guevara, one of my recurring themes. The drawing is on watercolor paper, which gives it that rough texture.
Ready to acquire a halo
Che Guevara with his halo
He begins to turn into an icon (is if)... the Latinized inscription reads T-Subula Deus or "T-Shirt God". Notice that I've cut a window in the forehead.
And here's the small LCD screen which will be embedded behind the drawing.
And here's the final set up, with the LCD screen playing about 75 images of Che's ubiquitous appearances on billions of T-shirts.
And here and below are some close-ups of some of the images which rotate through the embedded LCD screen.
Fellow Potomackers: Fresh Flowers and Furry Friends tonight!
I would have picked somewhat of a better title for the show, but watercolors by Barbara Bell, collages by Merry Lymn, digital work based on photographs of flowers by the very talented Bert GF Shankman, fused glass portraits of dogs by Shirley Hendel and ceramics featuring cats by Leigh Partington all make up the next show at Potomac's Gallery Har Shalom (located at Congregation Har Shalom, 11510 Falls Road, Potomac, MD) and because we're neighbors, I really want to make sure that this gallery gets some attention! And when was the last time that a gallery held an opening reception that started at 11AM?
Opening Reception: Sunday, March 4, 2012, 11am - 1 pm
Exhibit dates: Friday, March 2 - Monday, April 30, 2012
Call for hours and directions: 301-299-7087
Barbara F. Bell uses her own photographs as a major resource for her watercolor paintings. She focuses in this exhibit on regeneration and renewal in the natural world, her palette reflecting the early light and gentle colors of May along the riverbanks, and in the forests and fields of England and America. Barbara began her formal training in art while on academic leave from university teaching. She worked in studio arts at Montgomery College (Rockville) in the 1980s. Retirement from teaching in Montgomery County Public Schools twenty years later afforded her the time to resume her artwork. See www.bellslessons.com for more information.
Merry Lymn began taking formal collage classes in October 2008. In 2009, she was juried into her first art show, and since then she has been juried into several others. She divides her work into five subject areas--landscape, still life, people, Judaica, and wildcard. For this show, the pieces are exclusively flowers for which she created special Jewish flowers including a Shin Flower, a Vase with Shin Flowers, a Shofar Flower, and a Lily from the Song of Songs. See www.artlymn.com for more images.
Bert GF Shankman presents his Flemish Series of flowers in this show. He first saw this technique of painting when he minored in Art History for his AB at Case Western Reserve University. He practiced this style, called Chiaroscuro, when he studied at the Corcoran College of Art and Design. These pictures use light and dark to model the shapes and forms of the flowers and vases. They are done digitally starting out with photographs of flowers which he grows in his garden. Though decidedly different, they give a feeling of 16th century Flemish art. Visit www.cameraflora.com for more details.
Shirley Hendel was an award-winning decorative painter for many years. Several years ago she was introduced to fused glass and became fascinated with the possibilities for expression that glass materials and techniques offer. She now works exclusively in that medium while trying to maintain the perspective that decorative painting provides. She specializes in pet portraits, especially dogs, but also other creatures both real and whimsical. Her fused glass portraits (you could almost call them caricatures) are not based on actual dogs and cats as much as they are reminiscent of the lovable mutts and house cats that we grew up with or may still be in our lives. Just like these mixed-breed pets, these portraits come in assorted shapes and colors; no two exactly the same.
Leigh Partington has been doing ceramic art for over 30 years. Her work has evolved to include a combination of whimsical wheel-thrown and hand-built pieces that emphasize her love of and appreciation for animals, birds and nature in general. As a feline fancier – cats have always been a part of her life, she portrays them as functional pieces and decorative objects. She combines different clays for a marbled effect in some of her pieces. All pieces are bisque-fired. Then she adds detailed illustrations painted on with Speedball underglazes and dips the pieces in a transparent glaze. She uses a combination of overglazes sponged on the exterior for mottled color effects. The pieces, including ceramic pitchers, garlic keepers, egg separators, ocarinas, and platters, are then oxidation fired in an electric kiln.
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Duncan Siemens Rides The Bus: On The Loneliness Of The Long-Distance Minor-League Bus Rider
Chris Collision
Filed to:The classical
Republished with permission from The Classical. Art by Eli Neugeboren.
Sluggish, inexorable motion. Stasis. Deep sleep, total insomnia, fitful interludes of blunted, hazy, semi-consciousness and stretches of twitch-cut stress dream. A long bus ride is life's purest distillation of human consciousness of time. Technology helps—Walkman and Game Boy, the portable DVD player—but there are inevitable hours when no technical solution will serve or satisfy, and you're left again with yourself, a window, and wide-open spaces.
As Al Burian, the greatest poet of the bus ride, noted in Burn Collector 2, "You don't really sleep on the bus; mainly you just contort exhaustedly, trying vainly to unlock the secret yoga position that will facilitate comfort in the cramped seats."
Somewhere between semi-consensual meditation and feeling like a canary dying in an oxygen-deprived mine, long bus rides change minds.
Long bus rides are an inescapable staple of minor-league hockey. Think of the iconic Slap Shot scenes of the boys, gambling, drinking, snoring, bullshitting and taking the piss. The 15-hour drive from Charleston to Hyannisport that the GM had to endure to contribute, "let's really try to win this one" is a weekly occurrence for the 15-to-20-year-olds playing hockey in the Western Hockey League.
The WHL is the highest level of amateur hockey in Western Canada and the Northwestern United States. The league's 22 teams are made up mainly of 16-to-19-year-olds—each team can carry a maximum of three 20-year-olds-most of them still in school. As in all minor leagues, the teams are made up almost exclusively of people who will rise no higher in the sport. The luckier ones may end up in college, with some help from a hockey scholarship.
More stories you might like from The Classical.
• Kenyon Martin's Back in Town
• Bill Raftery and the Power of Love
• Good Hockey
• The Limits of Control
• Krzyzewskiville
The league's reputation is a cliche: "rough and tumble." A WHL guy in the NHL means a tough player, not a skill player, a "good team guy," somebody who's "not afraid to drop the gloves." Unsurpassed repository of conventional wisdom Wikipedia glosses these players as "big defensemen and hard-nosed forwards," which is actually about right. Moose-ish Flyers defenseman Braydon Coburn, at 6-5 and 226, is a good example; Scotty Nichol, a depth forward who goes 5-9 and 180, has amassed 800 penalty minutes for six NHL teams by doing things like getting into fistfights with men like "Jumbo" Joe Thornton (6-4, 235), is a better one.
One suspects the endless piled-up hours on the bus go some way toward honing these young men's teammating skills. Certainly if you don't ingratiate yourself to your teammates, the drive to Prince Albert will be a long, painful slog, or a slog seemingly longer and inestimably more painful than it already inevitably is. Even the league's MVP trophy, the Four Broncos Memorial Trophy, pays tribute to the centrality of of the bus: it's named after four players for the Swift Current Broncos who died when their, yes, bus slipped off an icy highway and rolled.
WHL games are homey, homely affairs—crowds have a middle-aged feel, which can be odd when the on-ice performance moves toward the pugilistic and the bloodlusty invective pours forth from respectable suburban throats. There's skating skill and scoring prowess to be seen, but it's fair to say that the two ventricles of the league's heart are physical play and a willingness to stick up for your teammates and, by association, yourself.
Per longstanding tradition, the young players live with host families called "billets" when they're not on the ice, on the bus, or in class. More isolation, even surrounded by more humanity.
Most every NHL team has some room on the team plane for a "large, hard-hitting defenseman" or a "gritty power forward," so you hear a reasonable amount about the WHL around draft time every year. Not a huge amount, though: power players and big D-men at 19 or 20 don't necessarily project that well into the big leagues. The Rangers were roundly mocked for spending the tenth pick on WHL tough guy Dylan McIlrath back in 2010. There was something to that. The successful WHL-straight-to-the-NHL move feels, and generally is, pretty rare.
I first heard of Saskatoon Blades defenseman Duncan Siemens when the Colorado Avalanche drafted him last summer. I followed him on Twitter because why not: while most of your Twitter athletes' feeds aren't great, and while most of your teen whatevers' feeds aren't great—I mean, I'm a fan. I follow teams, I follow guys when they're on my teams, and...
Over time, I liked Siemens's tweets more and more. A taciturn guy, his tweets never push the 140-character limit. Most don't even stretch onto a second line. He rarely talks to anybody else. They're just terse dispatches—darts of commentary from the yawning unconscious of Saskatchewan, or a voice from the back of the bus.
"We live and die by the highway," Burian writes in Burn Collector 2, "and in between we sit in cramped seats waiting to get somewhere, forgetting where we're going."
It's a safe bet that Siemens, staring out the window as Canada slips by, is spending more than a little of his time thinking about making it to the NHL. His former partner on the blueline, Stefan Elliott, is already traveling with the Avs, flying on jet planes. Some nights he burns the Sharks with his speed, and some nights he looks lost in his own zone. But he's playing every night: 29 straight at the moment. Which, really: 29 straight in the bigs for a guy who was just right next to you the other month, a guy who was right there on the bus, and out there on the ice with you, all last year.
He's scored four goals already, has Stefan. The Saskatoon Blades are fighting to make the playoffs. If you're Siemens, you've got six goals of your own, five fights and how many hours on the bus? How many hours on buses to come?
Every year 30 or 40 WHL kids get drafted into the NHL. In Siemens's year, he was one of 43. The second one chosen; the first one, first overall to boot, was Ryan Nugent-Hopkins, who's an Oiler already, and achieving to the tune of nearly a point a game; he was Rookie of the Month each of the season's first two months. He's the only WHL man from that draft class already in the NHL. The 11th pick, the second WHL player chosen, is staring out the window and thinking about the team that drafted him.
The Colorado Avalanche are in a half-decent position to make the playoffs. A kid named Tyson Barrie is ahead of Siemens organizationally and he's playing pretty well. The Avalanche are carrying eight defensemen, and no more than seven ever play.
Still, still: 11th pick in the draft, though. They've got plans for you. They have to. High first-round picks don't ride the bus forever. All true: there are eight guys already in uniform, at least one name with an edge in the organization. It's tough to see a way onto the roster. But, then, it's always tough to see what's ahead when you're on a bus.
Best to keep your head down, keep your mouth shut. Keep hitting. Keep playing. Keep quiet. Ride the bus, and get off where it lets you off.
Chris Collision lives, works, and rides his bike in Oakland. He drinks too much coffee and will annoy the hell out of you (about HEAVY TUNES, hockey, his girlfriend and justice) on Twitter.
The Classical is an independent sports website. We make no attempt to be comprehensive, or even to offer a reliable guide to the world of sport at any given moment. We are not a smarter version of what you can find elsewhere. We're not the media. We are a never-ending, wide-ranging conversation between writers and readers about baseball, basketball, soccer, football, fighting, and anything else in the sports world we consider compelling. This site delivers fresh essays and reporting daily, along with several regular columns, a blog, and a considerate, intelligent community for talking about sports.
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Dallas Film Weekly
Perspective from Flyover Country
Still in Theaters
Now on Home Video
June 14, 2012 August 17, 2013 Peter A. Martin
Review: ‘Rock of Ages’ Sings a Familiar Tune
‘Rock of Ages’
Do you love cover bands? Do you love karaoke? Do you love musicals? And, most important, do you love 80s hair-band power ballads?
If so, then Rock of Ages is probably right up your alley. Director Adam Shankman, who has specialized in cheerful populist entertainment throughout his career — including the musical adaptation Hairspray and the broad comedy Bringing Down the House — delivers musical numbers well-designed for the big screen, tightly edited in a blitzkrieg fashion that would make any modern action thriller proud.
The screenplay, credited to Justin Theroux (Tropic Thunder, Iron Man 2), Chris D’Arienzo (Barry Munday), and Allan Loeb (The Dilemma, Just Go With It), is based on the long-running stage musical (book by D’Arienzo), and opens up the action to a degree.
The setting is The Bourbon Room, a venerable Hollywood hotspot owned by Dennis Dupree (Alec Baldwin) and run with the assistance of the loyal Lonny (Russell Brand). Lately the club has fallen on hard times, and Dennis is counting on the final gig by the legendary band Arsenal, managed by tough cookie Paul Gill (Paul Giammti), to pump up his coffers. Arsenal’s notoriously unreliable leader, Stacee Jaxx (Tom Cruise), is breaking up the band to go solo.
The club is also under attack from newly-elected Mayor Mike Whitemore (Bryan Cranston) and his wife Patricia (Catherine Zeta-Jones). The framing device is the romantic relationship of Sherrie Christian (Julianne Hough), an aspiring singer and recent arrival from Tulsa, Oklahoma, and Drew Boley (Diego Boneta), an aspiring singer and waiter at the club.
In their supporting roles, Baldwin and Brand are snappy and eminently watchable. Their delivery is better than most of their material, but they are such seasoned comedic performers that it’s a pleasure to watch them whenever they appear.
The same cannot be said for the young Ms. Hough and Mr. Boneta. Granted that they are intended to represent the classic archetypes of wholesome Middle America, but they are so bland and vanilla that they tend to disappear into the backdrop rather than sizzle in the lead, as required.
Yet they fare better than Cruise, who is the Jar Jar Binks of the production. He is meant to be a charismatic performer, a sexual god who makes women faint at the sight of him. A portion of that is meant to be over the top, but Cruise is a humorless performer, and the film stops dead whenever he is “acting” dramatic. With his eyes hooded with heavy eye shadow, his age is apparent, and it seems to be a deliberate choice, to emphasize that he’s lost his edge and is slowly tumbling toward oblivion. Everyone is oblivious to the idea that Stacee Jaxx is past his prime, however; he’s still treated as though he’s the bee’s knees.
That speaks to the crux of the film: its effectiveness depends almost entirely upon your reaction to the concept and the music.
For me, the late 80s represents a wasteland era in popular music, a time when adult-oriented radio took hold across the nation’s airwaves and the soul was sucked out of rock ‘n’ roll. Watching Rock of Ages, therefore, is akin to a personal nightmare in which my remote control breaks during an endless episode of VH1’s “I Love the 80s — the Hair-Band Power Ballad Edition.”
Even if the musical aspect of the musical could be put aside, though — admittedly, an impossible proposition — there’s the matter of the cover-band flavoring. In essence, all we have here are secondhand versions of traditional favorites, without the kick that might come from hearing everything live. None of the performances stand on their own; they’re overly-dependent on nostalgia.
As noted, however, some people love cover bands and this particular brand of music and may look forward to humming along with songs like “Sister Christian” and “Pour Some Sugar on Me” and the like, in which case: Help yourself.
Rock of Ages opens wide throughout the Metroplex on Friday, June 15.
Previous Review: ‘Prometheus,’ a Sci-Fi Extravaganza
Next Review: 'Safety Not Guaranteed'
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Now that "The Irishman" has been out and available to watch at home, we thought we would give our thoughts...
So, is it epic, or just epically long??
In a word, both.
**SPOILERS AHEAD**
Martin Scorsese's longest movie yet, clocking in at 3 and a half hours, tells the story of Mafia enforcer Frank Sheeren and ties in with the disappearance of notorious union boss Jimmy Hoffa. A lot has been made of the cast that Marty has assembled, and WHAT A CAST! Robert De Niro, Al Pacino, Harvey Keitel, Stephen Graham, and the impeccable Joe Pesci. We could talk for hours about just how good Joe Pesci is in this movie. Just give him every award going already.
We follow De Niro's Frank as he tells his story in reverse from a nursing home. Frank isn't a shouter, he is cool, calm and collected for the most part, with the odd outburst of anger or violence. Along the way he goes from meat delivery driver making a bit on the side to mob enforcer, to finally Hoffa's right-hand man and friend. The story is based on the book "I Heard You Paint Houses" which details Franks' life and makes the startling revelation that it was Frank himself that murdered Jimmy. Whether that is true or not, that is the narrative the movie goes with.
The story shuffles through the decades with ease and the much-discussed facial regeneration makes it easy to understand which part of the story you are watching. The "de-aging" technique used, especially on De Niro can be a little jarring at first, but you soon get used to it. To be totally honest, the fact that you do almost forget it's there is what makes it all the more impressive.
There isn't any escaping the fact that it is an arse-numbingly long movie, but the last 90 minutes especially absolutely fly by. The ending will be debated for years and years to come, which is exactly how a good movie should be. And when was the last time Scorsese ended one of his movies on something that wasn't at least a little ambiguous?
Scorsese has long been criticised for seemingly glamorising the mobster lifestyle, especially after the likes of Casino and Goodfellas. Here he does far from that. Seeing the gangsters who once held lofty status in society and struck fear into those around him in a prison, some suffering with various physical and mental illnesses, is a bold way to end the story.
In summary, is this Scorsese's finest piece of work? Not quite, but it's up there. Don't let the runtime put you off, it doesn't seem as long as it is. If you are the sort of person that can sit at home and watch three or four episodes of a TV series one after another, this will be an absolute doddle.
Stay hydrated, get the snacks in, and enjoy what is easily one of the movies of 2019.
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Digifesto
Tag: herbert simon
Herbert Simon and the missing science of interagency
Few have ever written about the transformation of organizations by information technology with the clarity of Herbert Simon. Simon worked at a time when disciplines were being reconstructed and a shift was taking place. Older models of economic actors as profit maximizing agents able to find their optimal action were giving way as both practical experience and the exact sciences told a different story.
The rationality employed by firms today is not the capacity to choose the best action–what Simon calls substantive rationality. It is the capacity to engage in steps to discover better ways of acting–procedural rationality.
So we proceed step by step from the simple caricature of the firm depicted in textbooks to the complexities of real firms in the real world of business. At each step towards realism, the problem gradually changes from choosing the right course of action (substantive rationality) to finding way of calculating, very approximately, where a good course of action lies (procedural rationality). With this shift, the theory of the firm becomes a theory of estimation under uncertainty and a theory of computation.
Simon goes on to briefly describe the fields that he believes are poised to drive the strategic behavior of firms. These are Operations Research (OR) and artificial intelligence (AI). The goal of both these fields is to translate problems into mathematical specifications that can be executed by computers. There is some variation within these fields as to whether they aim at satisficing solutions or perfect answers to combinatorial problems, but for the purposes to this article they are the same–certainly the fields have cross-pollinated much since 1969.
Simon’s analysis was prescient. The impact of OR and AI on organizations simply can’t be understated. My purpose in writing this is to point to the still unsolved analytical problems of this paradigm. Simon notes that the computational techniques he refers to percolate only so far up the corporate ladder.
OR and AI have been applied mainly to business decisions at the middle levels of management. A vast range of top management decisions (e..g. strategic decisions about investment, R&D, specialization and diversification, recruitment, development, and retention of managerial talent) are still mostly handled traditionally, that is, by experienced executives’ exercise of judgment.
Simon’s proposal for how to make these kinds of decisions more scientific is the paradigm of “expert systems”, which did not, as far as I know, take off. However, these were early days, and indeed at large firms AI techniques are used to make these kinds of executive decisions. Though perhaps equally, executives defend their own prerogative for human judgment, for better or for worse.
The unsolved scientific problem that I find very motivating is based on a subtle divergence of how the intellectual fields have proceeded. Surely economic value and consequences of business activities are wrapped up not in the behavior of an individual firm, but of many firms. Even a single firm contains many agents. While in the past the need for mathematical tractability led to assumptions of perfect rationality for these agents, we are now far past that and “the theory of the firm becomes a theory of estimation under uncertainty and a theory of computation.” But the theory of decision-making under uncertainty and the theory of computation are largely poised to address problems of the solving a single agent’s specific task. The OR or AI system fulfills a specific function of middle management; it does not, by and large, oversee the interactions between departments, and so on. The complexity of what is widely called “politics” is not captured yet within the paradigms of AI, though anybody with an ounce of practical experience would note that politics is part of almost any organizational life.
How can these kinds of problems be addressed scientifically? What’s needed is a formal, computational framework for modeling the interaction of heterogeneous agents, and a systematic method of comparing the validity of these models. Interagential activity is necessarily quite complex; this is complexity that does not fit well into any available machine learning paradigm.
Simon, H. A. (1969). The sciences of the artificial. Cambridge, MA.
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caufield & shook (photographer) (19)
broadway (louisville, ky.) (19)
central business district (louisville, ky.) (19)
jefferson county (ky.) (19)
louisville (ky.) (19)
nitrate negatives (19)
: on 01281
24 Hour Automobile driver, Louisville, Kentucky, 1928.
Automobiles; Men; Transportation
Driver of the 24 Hour Automobile car that served the Louisville to Philadelphia route of this transportation service. He is wearing a hat and a suit.
24 Hour Automobile and driver, Louisville, Kentucky, 1928.
Two men sit in the front seat of a car parked on Broadway. A sign on the front bumper of the car says LOUISVILLE TO SYRACUSE IN 24 HOURS. Rodgers & Krull Jewelers and Western Union are in a building behind them.
Two men sit in the front seat of a car parked on Broadway. A sign on the front bumper of the car says LOUISVILLE TO OMAHA IN 24 HOURS. Rodgers & Krull Jewelers and Western Union are in a building behind them.
Two men sit in the front seat of a car parked on Broadway. A sign on the front bumper of the car says LOUISVILLE TO PHILADELPHIA IN 24 HOURS. Rodgers & Krull Jewelers and Western Union are in a building behind them.
Two men sit in the front seat of a car parked on Broadway. A sign on the front bumper of the car says LOUISVILLE TO WASHINGTON IN 24 HOURS. Rodgers & Krull Jewelers and Western Union are in a building behind them.
Two men sit in the front seat of a car parked on Broadway. A sign on the front bumper of the car says LOUISVILLE TO TEXARKANA IN 24 HOURS. Rodgers & Krull Jewelers and Western Union are in a building behind them.
Two men sit in the front seat of a car parked on Broadway. A sign on the front bumper of the car says LOUISVILLE TO JACKSONVILLE IN 24 HOURS. Rodgers & Krull Jewelers and Western Union are in a building behind them.
Two men sit in the front seat of a car parked on Broadway. A sign on the front bumper of the car says LOUISVILLE TO TORONTO IN 24 HOURS. Rodgers & Krull Jewelers and Western Union are in a building behind them.
Two men sit in the front seat of a car parked on Broadway. A sign on the front bumper of the car says LOUISVILLE TO NEW ORLEANS IN 24 HOURS. Rodgers & Krull Jewelers and Western Union are in a building behind them.
Two men sit in the front seat of a car parked on Broadway. A sign on the front bumper of the car says LOUISVILLE TO RICHMOND IN 24 HOURS. Rodgers & Krull Jewelers and Western Union are in a building behind them.
Driver of the 24 Hour Automobile car that served the Louisville to New Orleans route of this transportation service. He is wearing a hat, glasses and a suit.
Driver of the 24 Hour Automobile car that served the Louisville to Jacksonville route of this transportation service. He is wearing a hat and a suit.
Driver of the 24 Hour Automobile car that served the Louisville to Washington route of this transportation service. He is wearing a hat and a suit.
Driver of the 24 Hour Automobile car that served the Louisville to Minneapolis route of this transportation service. He is wearing a hat, glasses and a suit.
Driver of the 24 Hour Automobile car that served the Louisville to Syracuse route of this transportation service. He is wearing a hat, glasses and a suit.
Driver of the 24 Hour Automobile car that served the Louisville to Texarkana, Tex. route of this transportation service. He is wearing a hat that says GRAND CHEF DE GARE and a pin-striped suit.
Driver of the 24 Hour Automobile car that served the Louisville to Richmond route of this transportation service. He is wearing a hat and a suit.
24 Hour Automobile driver or passenger, Louisville, Kentucky, 1928.
This man is seated in the passenger seat of the 24 Hour Automobile car that served the Louisville to Omaha route of this transportation service. He is wearing a hat and a suit.
Driver of the 24 Hour Automobile car that served the Louisville to Toronto route of this transportation service. He is wearing a hat, glasses and a suit.
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Historical Flashback: “The Star Spangled Banner” has not always been popular – A look at its role in the NFL
Athletics, Did you know?, Educational, Government/Politics, Remember yesteryear
The current debate on National Football League (NFL) players kneeling during the playing of “The Star-Spangled Banner” has sparkled a large debate within the United States.
The United States is a nation that prides itself on its citizens having the rights: to freedom of speech, of the press, of association, of assembly and petition as protected by the First Amendment of the Constitution for the United States of America.
In the 20th Century (1900s), after World War I, the United States participated in military operations against NAZI Germany and the Empire of Japan (World War II). The participation in War War II was to protect these constitutional freedoms for American citizens and to prevent the governments of Adolf Hitler’s Germany and Imperial Japan from controlling the world and the world’s natural resources. Sadly, during World War II many of America’s citizens were not granted their American rights and freedoms especially African Americans. Also, those people of Mexican national origin or Spanish speak indigenous origin and Japanese descent did not have their full American constitutional rights.
African Americans had already served in every war of the United States beginning with the American War of Independence. Yet, African Americans were treated as second class citizens even during their participation in World War II. It would take groups like the Tuskegee Airmen and other African American service men and women to help force a change in the federal government’s attitude towards African Americans. Unfortunately, this did not always change the attitude of some of America’s white citizens towards all Americans being granted their Constitutional rights. It would not be until the passing of: the Civil Rights Act of 1957, Civil Rights Act of 1964, Voting Rights Act of 1965, and Civil Rights Act of 1968 (Fair Housing Act) that some white Americans began to accept people of color as equal citizens. But, laws can not change attitudes.
Since World War II the United States has participated in a number of international wars to help other nations of the world gain these same freedoms of expression…what Americans simply call “fighting for freedom”.
Patriotism and those who judge of others for not being as patriotic
Today, the United States is populated by many new Americans from around the world. For example many people of European heritage have family members who only emigrate from Europe from the 1870s to the 1940s. There are also other ethnic groups of Americans who emigrate from other parts of the world after the 1940s. Yet, there are African Americans who have family members dating pre-1865 to the land called the United States.
Every American does not have to show the same patriotism as others. Some see their patriotism as flag waving and national anthem singing. Others see patriotism as in helping their fellow American citizens in need. Some Americans see patriotism as in serving in the United States Armed Forces. Others see patriotism in being public school teachers or college professors. Some people show their patriotism by running for pubic office. Some Americans also see American patriotism in their right to protest non-violently, such as taking a knee during the playing of “The Star Spangled Banner” during an NFL, NBA, MLB, NHL or MLS game.
This kneeling has opened the conversation on the state of race relations in America. One has to only refresh their recent memories of the presidential elections of 2008, 2012 and 2016 to understand the state of race relations in the 21st Century.
During contemporary times it can be easy to assume the that “The Star Spangled Banner” has always been popular or has always been part of the NFL. Below are just a few historical newspaper articles showing how “The Star Spangled Banner” has not always been a popular patriotic American song for American citizens. These historical articles also show when it became popular to use the “The Star Spangled Banner” during NFL football games, mainly due to World War II.
Click images of newspaper articles below for better viewing. Click your return arrow to return to this Dilemma X topic.
1941 “The Star Spangled Banner” to be performed during an NFL game as entertainment
The United States did not enter World War II until after the Empire of Japan bombed the American fleet in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on December 7, 1941.
Elmer F. Layden (NFL Comissioner from 1941-1946) instructs all NFL franchises to perform “The Star Spangled Banner” at all games
Firsts by African Americans in the Modern Era (Post-World War II)
First African-American drafted by an NFL club: George Taliaferro, halfback (Indiana). Picked by the Chicago Bears in the thirteenth round of the 1949 draft but elected to sign with the Los Angeles Dons of the AAFC. Played with the Dons 1949; New York Yanks 1950-51; Dallas 1952; Baltimore 1953-54; Philadelphia 1955
First African American draftee to play in the NFL: Wally Triplett, halfback (Penn State). Picked by the Detroit Lions in the nineteenth round of the 1949 draft. Played with Detroit 1949-1950; Chicago Cardinals 1952-53
It would not be until September 30, 1962 that an African American would be on the roster of the Washington Redskins. Washington was the last professional football team to integrate.
How important was “The Star-Spangled Banner” when it became the National Anthem in 1931
In many American newspapers the selection of “The Star-Spangled Banner”, as the National Anthem, did not make front page news. See the following link to view historical newspapers from 1931.
https://dilemma-x.net/2012/07/04/how-important-was-the-star-spangled-banner-when-it-became-the-national-anthem-in-1931/
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Tag Archives: Jobs cuts Belgium
Media Confirmation about The loss of jobs in Belgium as predicted by Clairvoyant Dimitrinka Staikova in her Ebook : European and World Royal Families – Clairvoyant/Psychic Predictions about Europe and the World 2016-2019 The New World Order Clairvoyants : Dimitrinka Staikova , Ivelina Staikova, Stoyanka Staikova
Media Confirmation about The loss of jobs in Belgium as predicted by Clairvoyant Dimitrinka Staikova in her Ebook :
European and World Royal Families – Clairvoyant/Psychic Predictions about Europe and the World 2016-2019
Clairvoyants : Dimitrinka Staikova , Ivelina Staikova, Stoyanka Staikova
Buy the Ebook from the author – https://sites.google.com/site/dimitrinkastaikova/
Our Ebook in Amazon : https://www.amazon.com/European-World-Royal-Families-Clairvoyant-ebook/dp/B01GOII7JC/
Paperback book – https://www.amazon.com/European-World-Royal-Families-Clairvoyant/dp/1533658110/
Part of Clairvoyant/Psychic predictions :
King Philippe of Belgium (The King of Belgium) – Health, Business, New Experiments with people and the pharmaceutical industry, Elections, War – Clairvoyant reading/Psychic predictions by Clairvoyant House “Dimitrinka Staikova and daughters Stoyanka and Ivelina Staikova” -from Europe, Bulgaria, Varna – May 29, 2016 ,9am.
Photo – May 17, 2016
…….. Part of the business this year will go bankrupt – this is business connected with foreigners in Belgium. I see new experiments connected with new diseases of the pharmaceutical industry. The new experiments must affect the movement and the bones of the people. These, that will not be affected will have a gene of alien animal that moves on jumps.The secret of the longevity and eternity – it is still working on that. It is working about a people which are not fed with earthy food, but with chemicals and minerals……..
Read the rest of the Clairvoyant/Psychic predictions in Our Ebook and Paperback book in Amazon –
Ebook – https://www.amazon.com/European-World-Royal-Families-Clairvoyant-ebook/dp/B01GOII7JC/
Since 1 September the loss of almost 4,000 jobs has been announced at companies across Belgium. The closure of the Caterpillar plant at Gosselies, near Charleroi (Hainaut) accounts for more than half of the job losses announced since the start of the month. Jobs cuts have also been announced at insurance companies and now at Douwe Egberts in Grimbergen.
http://www.expatica.com/be/news/Flanders-4000-job-losses-since-announced-1-September_772254.html
This entry was posted in Uncategorized and tagged "Operation Highjump", air campaigns, Akihito, Al-Azhar Mosque, alien technologies, Ancient library, Avalon, AXA, Belgium, Brexit, business, Business 2016, business in Africa, Cairo, Caterpillar, Caterpillar factory, Caterpillar plant, Charleroi, Clairvoyant, Clairvoyant Health Diagnosis, clairvoyant reading, closure, closure of the Caterpillar factory, contracts, Crypts in Malta, Dana Belgium, David Cameron, Denmark, devices, diamonds, dictatorship, disappearance, diseases, Douwe Egberts, Douwe Egberts in Grimbergen, Douwe Egberts’ Grimbergen plant, Egypt, Election in Spain, elections, Emperor, Emperor of Japan, employment in Belgium, Energy Contracts, England, ESSA-7 Sattelite, Eurostation, Excalibur, extraterrestrial machines, Flemish-Brabant, Fra' Matthew Festing, Georg Friedrich Ferdinand, Georg Friedrich Ferdinand Prinz von Preußen, German Empire, Gold, Gosselies, Gosselies plant, Grand Imam, Greatness, Grimbergen, Groot-Bijgaard, Hainaut, head of the House of Hohenzollern, health, Hofburg Palace in Vienna, Holland, Holy Chalice, Holy Grail, Holy Roman Empire, IBM Belgium, Immortality, Imperial Crown, Imperial Regalia, ING, insurance companies, Internal war, invasion, japan, japanese race, job losses, Jobs cuts, Jobs cuts Belgium, King Abdullah II bin Al-Hussein, King Arthur, King Arthur and his revival, King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden, King Felipe of Spain, King Harald V of Norway, King of Jordan, King of Sweden, King Philippe of Belgium, King Salman of Saudi Arabia, King Willem-Alexander, Low interest rates, Manuel Valls (Prime Minister of France), middle east, military regime, Missing EgyptAir flight MS804 – Where is the plane, Mohammad bin Salman al Saud, money cargo, mutual aid, Mythological island, Nazi "Aryan" Thule, nerves, Netherlands, new discoveries, new object between two pyramids, New Unions, oil, P&V, Patriarch Kirill, pharmaceutical industry, plant, Pope Francis, predictions, Prime Minister of Great Britain, Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Alsaud, Prince Charles, Prince of Prussia, prince William, Printing Partners, Problems with Crashed plane of EgyptAir MS804 of Bernard Bajolet (Head of the Directorate – General for External Security – France) May 2016, problems with the Government, Prussia, Psychic, psychic predictions, psychic reading, Pyramids, Queen Elizabeth II, Queen Margrethe 2 of Denmark, Queen of Denmark, Queen of Sheba Balqis, Queen Rania Al-Abdullah of Jordan, reasons, Reichkrone, revolution, rocket launchers, Salman bin Abdulaziz al Saud, Saudi Arabia, Sheikh Ahmed al-Tayeb, Space Disasters, Space invasion, Static electricity, Sweden, Syria, territorial invasions, terrorism, The battle on the South Pole, the death of Prince Rogers Nelson, the diamond mine of king Solomon, The Dutch royal family, the Emperor, The future, The Future of Denmark, The future of Norway, The future of Spain, The Future of Sweden, The future of the Crown of Great Britain, the future of the Military Order of Malta, The grave of Jesus Christ in Malta, The hole at the North Pole, The Holy Lance, The Holy Spear, The King of Belgium, the Kingdom of Prussia, the Lance of Longinus, the Minister of Defence of Saudi Arabia, The Prince and Grand Master of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, the queen of england, The Royal House of Norway, The Royal Treasury, The Spear of Destiny, the wife of king Solomon, Thule, Troubles, Turkish artillery, U.S. Naval mission in the Antarctic, U.S. Rear Admiral Richard E. Bird, U.S.-led coalition, war, warplanes, world predictions, World Predictions about Great Britain 2016, Yusen Logistics on October 5, 2016 by Clairvoyant Dimitrinka Staikova.
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Chuck ( charlesofcamden) wrote,
charlesofcamden
Music: Bend Me, Shape Me - The American Breed
PowerPoint Outage
Those of you who don’t use PowerPoint will probably want to keep on walking. But those of you who do use it will thank me for this tip!
Our office recently upgraded (ahem) to the Microsoft Office Suite 2007. If you’ve made the switch, you know that the interface for PowerPoint has changed dramatically. A lot of new functionality and effects have been added, and I will say right here and now that I think it’s an improvement overall. I’m very fond of some of the new features and I’m getting the hang of how the menus have been reorganized.
There are some other considerations. Oddly, there are features that have been taken away from the new version of PowerPoint – useful features. Specifically, while there are some cool new options for fill patterns and effects, PowerPoint no longer offers the age-old, familiar palette of fill patterns. I’m talking about such classics as parallel lines, cross-hatches, and dot patterns. They’re just gone, without apology or a suitable replacement.
Well, those old fill patterns may be low-tech and basic, but they can come in pretty darned handy sometimes. I did some reading up on this and found that my eyes were not deceiving me; those fills really are gone. But if you want them anyway, there is a workaround…
It seems that those fill patterns have been eliminated not only from PowerPoint, but from every program in the MS Office Suite – except Word. You can open a Word doc, paste in or draw the shape you want, and fill it with any of your old favorite patterns. When you copy and paste the object back into PowerPoint, the fill pattern will come along with it.
I have no idea why this feature was left in Word when it was stripped out of the rest of the Suite, but there it is. Using Word to create the fill and pasting back into PPT may be a bit of a bother, but if that’s the effect you want, it’s a whole lot quicker than creating it from scratch in PPT!
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Tag: Steven Weinberg
The Biggest Threats We Face From Conservative Religion
By Adam Lee, AlterNet
Editor’s Note: The following is an excerpt from Adam Lee’s new book, Daylight Atheism.
Beneath our advanced 21st-century economy lies a smoke-belching 18th-century economy. For all our sophistication, we still depend on fossil fuels dug from the earth to power our homes and offices. And it is now abundantly clear that this dependence is becoming a lethal threat. From the burning of coal and gasoline, we release into the atmosphere toxic mercury, acidic sulfur and nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter that produces choking smog and causes asthma and other respiratory sicknesses. But more dangerous, because less noticeable, is the invisible gas carbon dioxide, which is released in vast quantities, billions of tons per year, by the burning of all fossil fuels.
Rising into the troposphere, carbon dioxide accumulates in a stifling blanket, trapping the rays of the sun and warming our planet as surely as a hot car left in a parking lot. In the past, feedback mechanisms in the biosphere prevented excessive warming by removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere: the oceans absorb it, green plants drink it, rain dissolves it, carbonate rocks sequester it. But we’re pumping it into the atmosphere at a prodigious rate, burning through millions of years’ worth of hydrocarbon reservoirs in decades, driving the climate system relentlessly out of equilibrium. And decade by decade, global temperatures tick upwards, glaciers recede, habitats dwindle, ice caps fragment, sea levels rise, storms gain strength, the extremes of flood and drought worsen, desert spreads, and the powerful and wealthy special interests who stand to profit by mortgaging the planet attempt to denigrate and marginalize the voices crying in the wilderness to warn humanity of the danger.
But combustible hydrocarbons aren’t the only product of the Middle East that shapes the face of the world today. From those desert sands comes another fuel. Like oil and coal, this fuel has its origins in the distant past; unlike oil and coal, this one is invisible, intangible. Rather than being transmitted through drills and pipelines, it travels through the air, leaping from one mind to the next, igniting conflagrations figurative and literal. Our economy runs on the fossil fuels of oil, gas and coal, but our society runs on the fossil fuel of religion.
Instead of the compressed remains of long-dead living things, the religions that dominate our world today are made up of fossilized dogmas, shaped in the cauldron of a long-gone world and compressed by time and tradition into a rock-hard mass. Religion, too, has its impurities, but instead of sulfur and mercury, humanity’s beliefs are contaminated with impurities of tribalism and xenophobia, fractions of hate and fanaticism and glorification of martyrdom. And when they burn in human minds, instead of smog and acid rain, they give us suicide bombers exploding in crowded streets, the suffocating darkness of fundamentalism, bloodthirsty mobs in the streets screaming for holy war, armies marching forth to conquer under the red banners of crescent and cross, the Twin Towers collapsing in flame.
I’m not claiming that religious belief is uniformly harmful. At its best, religion can inspire human beings to perform acts of great charity and compassion and create works of wondrous beauty. But these good works have been endlessly reported and praised, and they need no additional documentation from me. If anything, people who report on religion have a tendency to only report its good effects, while sweeping the bad ones under the rug or blithely dismissing them as perversions of “true” faith. I seek to provide some balance to these choruses of praise by reminding people that religion has also directly caused many acts of terrible bloodshed, cruelty and destruction.
Worse, many of these evil deeds come about not by twisting or distorting the teachings of scripture, but by obeying them. There is much material in every religious tradition that teaches violence, intolerance and hatred of the infidels. Modern theologians who recognize the savagery of these passages have either ignored them altogether or else have elaborate schemes of reinterpretation aimed at convincing themselves and others that these verses don’t mean what they say. Unfortunately, there will always be believers who see through this charade and interpret the violent verses with the frightening simplicity which their context suggests. These people are a threat, and so long as we persist in believing in books that contain these sorts of dangerous messages, they will always be a threat. It will be one of the major themes of this chapter that people become irrational and dangerous to the precise degree in which they truly believe their religion and take its claims seriously.
I’m well aware that the majority of individual believers are not hate-filled fanatics, but ordinary, decent people. However, as I hope to show, decent people do not need religion to justify their actions, whereas the fanatics do. Good people would be good with or without their religious beliefs, but religion has far too often been used to inspire and promote acts of great evil and cruelty against others who believe differently, and lends itself far too easily to that use. As the Nobel laureate Steven Weinberg put it a few years ago:
“With or without religion, good people can behave well and bad people can do evil; but for good people to do evil — that takes religion.”
The fundamental problem at the heart of religious morality is simply this: religious morality is not grounded in human needs and human concerns, but in an entirely different idea — namely, obeying the will of God. (In practice, the role of God is played by the sum total of teaching and tradition which a believer has absorbed and the religious authorities whom they follow.) When these two align, good results can occur. But when the alleged will of God does not line up with human desires and needs, the results are dreadful.
When a person believes, truly believes, that they know what God’s will is, they become almost impossible to reason with. This is because most religions teach that faith — belief not supported by evidence — is not just acceptable but commendable, and is the sign of a virtuous person. Of course, beliefs that weren’t based on evidence to begin with usually can’t be changed by evidence. This makes religious faith a very dangerous thing, because when a religious believer chooses a course of action that’s evil or harmful, efforts to persuade them to stop will be futile. After all, if God has told you what he wants you to do, any person who has a different opinion must be an agent of evil, and any compromise would be not just foolish but a sinful violation of God’s command.
Now more than ever before, we see this dangerous, dogmatic certainty wreaking havoc all over the world, causing untold harm and suffering to innocent people. When religious believers value obedience to their superstitions more highly than they value the lives of human beings, the consequences are always catastrophic.
The most obvious example was the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. Much could be written, and has been written, about the foreign policy decisions, the economic conditions, or the cultural circumstances that inspired such rage and resentment in the Arab world toward the United States. However, the fact remains that religion — deeply held, devoutly believed religion — was the primary motivating factor in the transformation of 19 young men into willing instruments of death. The 9/11 hijackers sincerely believed, as countless other suicide terrorists have believed, that God would reward them for killing themselves in the service of jihad by granting them an eternity of bliss in a heavenly garden of paradise, complete with 72 concubines.
Faced with these facts, some people have gone too far by stereotyping all Muslims as a monolithic bloc united in violent opposition to the West. In fact, despite all the damage that terrorists have wrought in America and Europe, people in primarily Muslim nations have suffered at least as much, if not more, from the evils of Islamic fundamentalism.
Consider the fanatical Islamic regime called the Taliban that ruled Afghanistan from 1996 until they were deposed in 2001 (though they’ve been making a violent resurgence). Afghanistan under the Taliban was a brutal theocracy, a state of religious terror both for men and, especially, for women. The Taliban was infamous for forcing women to wear the burqa, a black shroud covering their entire bodies, so that men didn’t see any body part of a woman to whom they weren’t related. Refusal to wear this stifling, dehumanizing garment in public was punishable by imprisonment, beatings, torture and death. Women under the Taliban were forbidden to attend school past the age of eight, to work outside the home, or indeed to leave their home for any reason — even to seek medical care — if not accompanied by a male relative. Even then, women were forbidden to see or be treated by male doctors, even in case of a life-or-death medical emergency. In this cruel and savage society, women were little more than prisoners in their own homes.
This isn’t to say that life under the Taliban was much better for men. Under the fundamentalist Islamic law code of sharia, human rights violations such as arbitrary imprisonment, torture and execution were common. Crimes included having too short a beard or wearing shorts in public. The barbaric punishments for breaking this law included public flogging, amputation of limbs, being buried alive, and execution by stoning, in which the condemned is bludgeoned to death by crowds wielding heavy, jagged rocks.
Saudi Arabia, America’s oil-rich ally, enforces a version of sharia almost as strict as the Taliban’s. All religions other than the kingdom’s fundamentalist Wahhabi version of Islam are banned. Women are forced to wear head-to-toe coverings in public, and can’t legally work, drive or travel without the permission of a man. In one infamous incident from 2002, the mutaween, the Saudi religious police, prevented schoolgirls from escaping a burning building because they weren’t “properly” dressed to appear in public. Fifteen died in the flames.
Islam isn’t the only religion that’s been used to justify violence. Eastern religions such as Hinduism and Buddhism, often thought of as peaceful faiths, have inspired their share of conflict and bloodshed. But there can be little doubt that next to Islam, the belief system that poses the greatest threat to human liberty and world stability is Christian fundamentalism. In most Western countries, Christianity has lost most of its political power or evolved into more benign forms. But in the United States of America, a belligerent, authoritarian faction of Christian conservatives possesses a great deal of power.
Today’s Christian fundamentalists, for the most part, don’t pursue their goals through violence as Muslim fundamentalists tend to do. Nevertheless, they’re just as committed to their desire to take over society and remake it in their own rigid, theocratic image. Regardless of whether this lust for dominion arises in Christianity, Islam or any other religious tradition, it’s equally tyrannical and should be equally abhorrent to freedom-loving people everywhere.
Consider one of the most obvious examples. Contrary to what some people seem to think, marriage isn’t an exclusively religious rite but confers many civil benefits: the right to visit a sick partner in the hospital; the right not to testify against one’s partner in court; and the right to share health insurance and Social Security benefits, to name a few. There’s absolutely no good reason to deny these benefits to anyone in a committed relationship, regardless of their gender. Yet a majority of American states have voted to outlaw same-sex marriage; some have even advocated making it illegal for employers to offer the same benefits to same-sex couples as they do to opposite-sex couples.
These campaigns are invariably led by Christian conservatives who appeal to prejudice and homophobia dressed up in the guise of “protecting marriage.” The question is inevitably never answered — protecting marriage from what, exactly? Would allowing gay and lesbian couples to marry harm heterosexuals somehow? Would it negatively affect existing marriages in any way? Of course not — a moment’s clearheaded thought should make that obvious enough. But religious conservatives have effectively prevented that moment of clarity by clouding their followers’ minds, inciting paranoia and hysteria and whipping up the flames of hatred. Their rhetoric is virtually indistinguishable from the pre-civil rights era opposition to interracial marriage, although the comparison hasn’t seemed to trouble them.
Some states have carried anti-gay hysteria even further by banning gay people acting as foster parents or adopting children, regardless of their qualifications or their ability to provide a loving and stable home environment. Showing the revolting depths of their hatred and prejudice, some state legislatures have proposed laws that would prevent gay people from adopting children, even if they are related to them, or that would break up preexisting adoptions by gay parents that were performed legally in other states if the parents merely traveled through the state in question with their child.
The most appalling part of this is that the people behind these efforts claim to be “pro-marriage” and “pro-family.” How can these claims be considered anything other than the opposite of the truth? They are not pro-family; they’re fighting against gay families and doing their best to tear those families apart. Nor are they pro-marriage: they’re in favor of restricting marriage, of keeping it off-limits to people they disapprove of. A person who was in favor of marriage would want to make marriage accessible to as many groups of people as possible.
There are two more stories worth recounting that shows the depths of religious anti-gay hysteria, and offers a frightening glimpse of what these would-be theocrats would like the law to be. In December 2006, a schism within the Anglican church over how to treat gay congregants boiled over, as two large, wealthy, conservative parishes in Virginia with over 4,000 members voted to secede from the American branch of the Anglican Convocation and align themselves with the Anglican Church of Nigeria and its ultra-conservative archbishop Peter Akinola. Akinola is the head of the second-largest branch of the Anglican church, with around 17 million members, about one-quarter of the denomination’s entire global membership. He’s also spoken in support of a horrendous Nigerian law that would punish any homosexual activity, private or public — even something as inoffensive as holding hands — with five years imprisonment. Even if not all the members of the American churches agree with Akinola’s beliefs, they evidently don’t consider them to be a deal-breaker either.
The religious right’s obsession with sex, and more specifically its wish to punish people who don’t conform to its ideas of sexual propriety, shows up in other contexts as well. Consider the growing problem of religious pharmacists who refuse to fill certain prescriptions because they disapprove of the use of the drug being prescribed. There’s been a rash of Roman Catholic pharmacists refusing to dispense birth control pills — even to people who aren’t Catholic — because Catholic dogma forbids the use of contraception. In at least one of these cases, not only did the pharmacist refuse to fill the prescription, he refused to return it to the patient in an attempt to prevent her from having it filled at a different pharmacy. And in many states, legislatures are debating so-called “conscience clause” laws that would explicitly make these actions legal.
If we allow pharmacists to refuse to fill prescriptions on religious grounds, what’s next? Will we see pharmacists refusing to sell antiviral medicine to people with AIDS because they believe HIV is God’s punishment for homosexuals and people who have extramarital sex? (Christian conservatives are on record as opposing the vaccine for human papillomavirus, a common sexually transmitted disease that causes thousands of cases of cervical cancer each year, because they see it as tantamount to a license for young people to have sex. Evidently, they believe that teenagers who aren’t abstinent deserve to get cancer as punishment.) Will Christian Scientists, who believe in the healing power of prayer and shun medical science as a rule, become pharmacists and then refuse to dispense any medicine at all? Will we see doctors blackmailing their patients by demanding that they convert to their religion or attend their church in exchange for medical treatment? Once we allow people to refuse to do their jobs on religious grounds, where will it end?
Even these insults may be just the tip of the iceberg. There’s substantial evidence that the religious right’s goal is to eliminate contraception altogether — not just the birth control pill, but condoms, IUDs, and any other invention that lets humans control their reproductive systems. This springs from their view that sex should only be for procreation, not pleasure. Although this view was once solely the position of Catholics, it’s beginning to appear in strength among the evangelical Protestant right as well.
Followers of this view have launched a variety of tactics to throw up obstacles to people seeking to obtain contraception. Among these tactics are pushing for religious exemptions that allow insurers to refuse to cover contraception, seeking to prohibit the sale of birth control to minors, banning comprehensive sex ed from public schools, and spreading misinformation about the efficacy of condoms in preventing the transmission of STDs. Under both the George W. Bush and Obama administrations, religious fundamentalists succeeded in lobbying the FDA to overrule its own scientific advisory committee and deny over-the-counter status to Plan B, the so-called morning-after pill. Most disastrously of all, according to a study by the Government Accountability Office, the Bush administration’s decision to emphasize abstinence-only programs to the exclusion of all other methods forced overseas relief programs to cut funds intended for preventing the transmission of AIDS from mothers to children.
And then there’s the elephant in the room: abortion. The idea that a woman should be able to exercise control over her own body and terminate an unwanted pregnancy is anathema to the religious right, because of their belief that even a one-day-old embryo — a microscopic ball of undifferentiated cells, possessing no organs, no body, no brain, utterly incapable of any kind of thought or feeling — possesses an invisible supernatural appendage called a soul that makes it equal in moral worth to an adult human being. The state of South Dakota’s draconian 2008 anti-abortion law, which made no exceptions even in cases of rape or to protect the health of the mother (thankfully, overturned by referendum) was a particularly cruel, but by no means unrepresentative, example of what religious conservatives would implement if they had their way.
Although South Dakota’s law and other, similar anti-abortion measures have been consistently defeated in referendums, the religious right has been trying to enforce them anyway. In November 2009, a pregnant woman came to St. Joseph’s Hospital in Phoenix with severe pulmonary hypertension. The hospital’s ethics committee judged that her death was virtually certain if the pregnancy continued, and the doctors performed an abortion. In response, Thomas Olmsted, the bishop of Phoenix, demanded that such a procedure never be performed there again, not even to save a woman’s life. To their credit, the hospital refused, and Olmsted responded by stripping the hospital of its Catholic affiliation. Sadly, it appears that this was a rare case of courage on the hospital’s part: In surveys published before and since, other doctors working at Catholic hospitals have come forward to say that hospital administrators refused to let them perform life-saving abortions on women suffering severe complications from pregnancy, even if the woman was already having a miscarriage and no possible treatment could have saved the fetus.
The deepest irony is that the religious right’s rigid opposition to contraception and sex education hasn’t produced a more stable or healthier society, but has resulted in the opposite. Among Western nations, the United States has the highest divorce rate, the highest teen pregnancy rate, and the highest rate of STD infection; and within the United States, the highest rates of these social ills are found among the highly conservative, highly religious states usually referred to as the Bible Belt. Meanwhile, a 1999 study by conservative Christian pollster George Barna found that atheists as a group have lower divorce rates than virtually all Christian denominations, including Baptists, Pentecostals, born-agains, and evangelicals.
And just as religious conservatives want to intrude into the beginning of life, they seek to exert control over its end as well. Many conservative Christian denominations, especially the Catholic church, want to ban not just active euthanasia, in which a terminally ill person is administered drugs that cause a painless death, but even passive euthanasia, in which life-extending treatment is withheld from a person who’s terminally ill so that nature can take its course. Instead, these churches argue that a person who is alive must be kept alive, regardless of how badly they’re suffering, regardless of whether there’s any hope of recovery, regardless even of whether the person wants to continue treatment. As one Roman Catholic website puts it, “Human beings do not have the right to decide when we die.” Another religious anti-euthanasia group adds that “even if that life is full of suffering… [w]e have no right to terminate life.”
In all these incidents, a broader trend is visible. Religious conservatives oppose abortion, oppose birth control, oppose gay adoption, oppose same-sex marriage, oppose euthanasia — in short, they want to control how people are born, how they marry, how they raise families, and how they die. During the most private and important moments of a human being’s life, they want to barge in and demand adherence to their rigid, paternalistic creed. Again, because their unwavering religious belief has led them to the blind certainty that they know best how life should be lived, they have no qualms in seeking to intrude upon the lives of others at the most important and personal moments.
There’s one more threat that needs to be mentioned. Despite the outrages upon human dignity that they’ve caused, none of these beliefs directly threaten the future of the human species as a whole. But there is one that does. This is the most frightening and dangerous religious belief of all, the most potentially catastrophic of all the fossil fuels, and it’s alive and virulent today: the belief that the apocalypse is coming soon, and that this is a good thing.
A poll taken in 2002 found that 59 percent of Americans expect the events in the Bible’s book of Revelation to come literally true in the future. In other words, almost six in 10 Americans believe that sometime in the near future, the world will be destroyed. That’s what the second coming of Jesus Christ implies in Christian theology: global disaster and catastrophe, the deaths of hundreds of millions, and a day in which “the heavens shall pass away with a great noise, and the elements shall melt with fervent heat, the earth also and the works that are therein shall be burned up” (2 Peter 3:10). A large number of believers are looking forward to this event and believe it’s a desirable outcome. And when people truly and sincerely believe this, their actions will follow suit: either treating the planet where we all live as if it were of no consequence, or worse, taking steps to start this world-destroying war themselves.
Here’s the Christian pastor John MacArthur explaining how his belief in the imminent second coming relates to his views on the environmental movement:
“The environmental movement is consumed with trying to preserve the planet forever. But we know that isn’t in God’s plan.
The earth we inhabit is not a permanent planet. It is, frankly, a disposable planet — it is going to have a very short life. It’s been around six thousand years or so — that’s all — and it may last a few thousand more. And then the Lord is going to destroy it.
I’ve told environmentalists that if they think humanity is wrecking the planet, wait until they see what Jesus does to it.
…This earth was never ever intended to be a permanent planet — it is not eternal. We do not have to worry about it being around tens of thousands, or millions, of years from now because God is going to create a new heaven and a new earth.”
The recklessness and callousness proclaimed by writings like this is unbelievable. These views impact all the rest of us who must share the planet with these people. We all live on this world together, and we’re all connected by what happens to it. Sulfur emitted into the air in one country causes acid rain in another; fertilizer dumped into a river upstream causes toxic algae blooms downstream; carbon emitted by the United States causes melting glaciers in Asia and Africa and global warming in the Arctic. We can’t solve the problem of environmental degradation in one place without solving it everywhere. Yet Christian fundamentalists such as MacArthur shrug off these efforts because they consider the planet “disposable,” and they’re willing to make that decision on behalf of all of us — and let future generations suffer the consequences if they turn out to be wrong.
Adam Lee is a writer and atheist activist living in New York City. Follow him on Twitter, or subscribe to his blog, Daylight Atheism.
http://www.alternet.org/story/156175/the_biggest_threats_we_face_from_conservative_religion
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Honoring Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s LegacyHundreds of Chicagoans from all walks of life gathered Monday morning to honor the life and legacy of Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
Procession For Berwyn Police Officer Killed In Will County CrashCBS 2's Eric Cox has the latest on a police procession to honor a Berwyn officer killed in a car crash early Sunday morning. The driver of the car that killed Charles Schauer was an off-duty Joliet police officer.
Daley Quiet The Day After Announcement
Mayor Richard M. Daley arrived at work at City Hall Wednesday morning to begin his first full day of work, since announcing that he had decided not to seek another term in office.
When he walked out of the fifth floor elevator, Daley was met by cameras and reporters hoping to get a comment. But the mayor waved politely and walked down the hall.
Later at a news conference for the 13th Annual Chicago Football Classic, the mayor talked about the game which pits historically black colleges against one another in Soldier Field.
Daley did not say anything about himself, but others did comment on what they called a sad day.
Classic co-founder Larry Huggins said it will be difficult to fill the shoes of the mayor.
“Based upon the things he has done for the city, and what he has meant to the city, I just want to say, mayor, that you will truly be missed,” Huggins said.
Huggins also thanked the mayor for his steadfast support of the game, which he says couldn’t have come to Chicago
without the support of Daley and the late School Board President Michael Scott.
When Huggins mentioned Scott’s name the Mayor nodded in agreement and appeared to become emotional while standing and listening.
Scott took his own life last November.
Ald. Toni Preckwinkle (4th) spoke about how the Mayor will be praised by future generations for beautifying the city, supporting education and revitalizing public housing.
“I had a lot of public housing developments in my ward, and they have been changed and transformed into mixed-income communities, and again, that’s the mayor’s vision,” Preckwinkle said.
Preckwinkle is the Democratic nominee for Cook County Board President.
After the event ended, Mayor Daley posed for pictures with many of the Classic supporters. He also shook the hands of many of those who gathered before working his way towards the floor of the City Council.
This year’s Chicago Football Classic pits Alcorn State against Mississippi Valley State. The game is set for Sept. 18 at Soldier Field
(© MMX, CBS Broadcasting Inc. All Rights Reserved.)
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Home Gary-Local News Angelo Wilford is not accepting doctor’s prognosis
Angelo Wilford is not accepting doctor’s prognosis
RICHARD “ANGELO” WILFORD’S PERSONAL motto is, “I have cancer but cancer does not have me!” He says he will continue to live a full life with as many experiences as possible despite having a very rare cancer. Angelo, his father and sister snapped this photo with Grammy award winning gospel singer Yolanda Adams. From, l-r, Rev. Richard Wilford, Skye Wilford, Yolanda Adams and Angelo.
By Carmen M. Woodson-Wray
Richard “Angelo” Wilford recently received some disturbing news that most people would have taken extremely hard. While Angelo initially said what you would expect a person to say, “What, is he really telling me this? I’m only 20 years old. I have my whole life ahead of me.” It’s what Angelo said and did next that makes him the extraordinary fighter that he is.
What Angelo is referring to is a prognosis his doctor recently gave him concerning the cancer he has been fighting since March 2014. That cancer is hystiocytic sarcoma and his physician said he might only have 6 months to live. To understand Angelo’s fight you need to first understand his physical opponent–histiocytic sarcoma.
Histiocytic sarcoma is an extremely rare malignant form of cancer that arises from histiocytes. It is so rare there are only a few hundred cases that have ever been documented in medical literature. That often means limited research and sometimes less treatment options.
On his website he describes his experience from the time he first became ill to his commitment to maintaining normalcy in his life despite hospital stays and chemo-therapy. For Angelo, that includes doing extraordinary things like caring enough about others in similar situations to start The Army of Angelo. It’s a foundation he and his parents started to provide financial assistance to families with children fighting various types of cancer. They also include his plans for the future. He doesn’t tell you much about the disease itself.
Here’s what we know about hystiocytic sarcoma. The human body has many different types of cells—cells that make up the liver, cells that make up the lungs, as well as cells that make up the skin. The blood also has many types of cells—red blood cells and many subsets of white blood cells like the B-lymphocytes that make antibodies.
A histiocyte is a cell that is part of the immune system (white blood cells) that can be found in tissue throughout the body. They are throughout your body because the body is constantly fighting off attacks from bacteria, fungus, and viruses in tissue throughout the body. When you see the word Sarcoma, it refers to a tumor that arises from soft tissue—Iike fatty tissue or muscle tissue and it can also affect the bone, which has some soft tissue associated with it.
Instead of slowing his pace down after receiving his most recent prognosis, Angelo increased his gym visits.
Angelo said his very first thoughts were more reactionary and he never made them audible as he politely waited for the doctor to finish talking. He said, “After we got done with our conversation my mind set was right back into the fighting mode.” He and his parents are firm believers in the power of the tongue. His favorite scripture is Proverbs 18:21, which says “Death and life are in the power of the tongue: and they that love it shall eat the fruit thereof.” His favorite saying is “I have cancer, but cancer doesn’t have me.”
The founding pastor of City of Praise Church is Rev. Richard Wilford, Angelo’s father. Pastor Wilford said his first reaction was normal.
He said, “I don’t care how old or young you are you don’t want to hear somebody tell you that you’ve got six months. He really didn’t say six months. We did a CAT scan back in December to see how far the cancer had spread and then we did another one a month ago and it’s spreading. He was on a chemo pill for about eight weeks. We were hoping that
it would kill the cancer cells but it didn’t. I asked him based upon the pace that the cancer was spreading, what are we looking at and he said about six months. We know nobody can tell you when you are going to die. I told Angelo he can’t tell him he has six months when none of us know if we have six months. We only have today.”
Pastor Wilford said his son told him that he was still going to go on and live his life regardless. He said there was no reason to get mad with the doctor.
The Pastor said there was another family that received bad news that their child only had a year to live and the father tried to punch the doctor because he was so upset. “I said to him the reason why we are a little calmer and not as emotional is because we have a connection with God. We keep giving God the glory.” He said.
Angelo’s sister, 9-year-old Skye, says she loves to hang out with her brother. She knows that her brother is sick so she helps her father fix his breakfast and shares secrets with him. Skye said she doesn’t like to talk to her brother about him being sick. She said, “It makes me sad that he is sick.”
Speaking from his heart, Angelo says when he talks to the Lord about his situation he asks him to show him the way and that he believes in him and doesn’t believe in the doctor’s prognosis for his life expectancy. He said, “I’m going to live for as long as God wants me to live. If He wants me to come home tomorrow, I’ll be fine with that because I know I’m right with him.”
The IU Northwest student says he hasn’t changed his daily routine. It’s still the same. “Actually I’ve added since I’ve gotten the news. I’m going to the gym every day with my dad to build up my muscles and get my life set how I want it. Most people would start cutting out different activities, I haven’t cut out anything,” he said.
According to research done by Dr. Kelly Turner, PhD, on spontaneous remission, which she likes to refer to as Radical Remission, Angelo is right not to curtail his activities. He has incorporated several of the main healing factors she found to be associated with patients who healed themselves into his lifestyle without being aware of them.
In her book, Radical Remission: Surviving Cancer Against all Odds, Turner’s research revealed 75 different healing strategies. Out of which she found 9 factors patients had in common with being an exceptional patient cured from a terminal prognosis. Here are 5 of the 9 factors. They took control of their health, had strong reasons for living, increased positive emotions, embraced social support, and probably one of the most important factors in Angelo’s life is they deepened their spiritual connection.
Angelo says he would like for everyone to keep praying for him because the intercessory prayers are not going in vain. He said, “I feel them every day. That’s how I’m able to get out of the house and enjoy my life.”
Angelo Wilford
City of Praise Church
Histiocytic sarcoma
The Army of Angelo
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Aquilla P Young September 10, 2016 at 8:05 am
Your journey is impacting the world. We love you. Thank you for sharing your journey with us. Continuing to pray for you. #ArmyofAngelo
Marthina I Wardlaw October 7, 2016 at 1:35 am
I don’t have a clue how I came upon ur FB pg a while back but, I’ve been following ur journey since then, I admire ur strength & positive outlook on life in spite of…I visit ur social media Pgs religiously..(every time I log on) Idk there’s just something special about u & I just really believe that you’ll overcome.
Dawn Cudjoe October 16, 2016 at 1:43 pm
Praying for you Angelo. We serve a God that is able to do above and beyond whatever we can imagine . Your faith is strong and we come believing God for your miracle . Lord before we’ve prayed we believe that you have already answered . Amen
Rosalin October 17, 2016 at 2:59 am
You are such a great inspiration to all I know you don’t know me but I’m very proud of you you stay in my prayers God bless you
Kim Arnold October 17, 2016 at 2:59 pm
Keep your mind strong ..I firmly believe the mind controls the body ..and God first love you
Teresa Jemine October 17, 2016 at 4:05 pm
I’m praying for you miracles, signs, and wonders. God is a healer. #ArmyofAngelo
click here November 7, 2016 at 6:43 am
Your advice is quite important
Kathy December 23, 2016 at 7:47 pm
The warrior Prince is with the King!
#Angelo
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Adirondack Council
The Adirondack Council's mission is to ensure the ecological integrity and wild character of the Adirondack Park.
The Council envisions an Adirondack Park composed of large core wilderness areas, connected to working farms and forests, and augmented by vibrant local communities.
Created in 1892 as a unique six-million-acre patchwork of both publicly and privately owned lands, the Adirondack Park is the largest park in the contiguous United States. By State Constitution, the public portions are protected as "Forever Wild" Forest Preserve, which includes the state's highest mountain peaks, most of the Park’s 2,579 lakes and ponds, and hundreds of miles of waterways in the state's wild, scenic, and recreational rivers system. In addition to the nation’s largest intact deciduous forest, the Park is home to 130,000 permanent and 110,000 seasonal residents in 100 rural hamlets.
103 Hand Avenue, #3
This Good World Network
West Arete Computing, Inc.
Wilderness Creations, LLC
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66.0304(4)(h) (h) Establish and collect fees, plus administrative expenses, from participants who benefit from the commission's services, or services provided by an outside entity, and distribute the fees and expenses as provided in the agreement.
66.0304(4)(i) (i) Make loans to, lease property from or to, or enter into any other kind of an agreement with a participant or other entity, in connection with financing or refinancing a project.
66.0304(4)(j) (j) Mortgage, pledge, or otherwise encumber the commission's property or its interest in projects.
66.0304(4)(k) (k) Assign or pledge any portion of its interests in projects, mortgages, deeds of trust, indentures of mortgage or trust, leases, purchase or sale agreements or other financing agreements, or similar instruments, bonds, notes, and security interests in property, of a participant, or contracts entered into or acquired in connection with bonds.
66.0304(4)(L) (L) Issue, obtain, or aid in obtaining, from any person, any insurance or guarantee to, or for, the payment or repayment of interest or principal, or both, on any loan, lease, bond, or other obligation evidencing or securing such a loan, lease, bond, or obligation that is entered into under this section.
66.0304(4)(m) (m) Apply on its own behalf or on behalf of a participant to any unit of government for an allocation of volume cap, tax credit, subsidy, grant, loan, credit enhancement, or any other federal, state, or local program in connection with the financing or refinancing of a project.
66.0304(4)(n) (n) Invest any bond proceeds or any money held for payment or security of the bonds, or any contract entered into under this section, in any securities or obligations permitted by the resolution, trust agreement, indenture, or other agreement providing for issuance of the bonds or the contract.
66.0304(4)(o) (o) At the request of a participant, combine and pledge revenues of multiple projects for repayment of one or more series of bonds issued under this section.
66.0304(4)(p) (p) Purchase bonds issued by or on behalf of, or held by, any participant, any state or a department, authority, or agency of the state, or any political subdivision. Bonds purchased under this paragraph may be held by the commission or sold, in whole or in part, separately or together with other bonds issued by the commission.
66.0304(4m) (4m) Dissolution of a commission. Subject to sub. (2) (b) and subject to providing for the payment of its bonds, including interest on the bonds, and the performance of its other contractual obligations, a commission may be dissolved, by resolution, as provided in the agreement. If the commission is dissolved, the property of the commission shall be transferred to the political subdivisions who are parties to the agreement creating the commission as provided in the agreement.
66.0304(5) (5) Issuance of bonds.
66.0304(5)(a)(a) A commission may not issue bonds unless the issuance is first authorized by a bond resolution. A bond issued under this section shall meet all of the following requirements:
66.0304(5)(a)1. 1. The face of the bond shall include the date of issuance and the date of maturity.
66.0304(5)(a)2. 2. The face of the bond shall include the statements required under subs. (9) (c) and (11) (d).
66.0304(5)(a)3. 3. The date of maturity may not exceed 50 years from the date of issuance.
66.0304(5)(a)4. 4. The bond shall bear a rate of interest, either fixed or variable, specified by the resolution. Any variable rate of interest shall be made subject to a maximum rate.
66.0304(5)(a)5. 5. Interest and principal shall be paid at the time and place specified in the resolution.
66.0304(5)(a)6. 6. Bonds in a single issue may be composed of a single denomination or 2 or more denominations, as provided in the resolution.
66.0304(5)(a)7. 7. The bond shall be payable in lawful money of the United States or, if provided in the resolution, another currency.
66.0304(5)(a)8. 8. Bonds shall be registered as provided in the resolution.
66.0304(5)(a)9. 9. Bonds shall be in the form, and executed in the manner, provided in the resolution.
66.0304(5)(am) (am) Notwithstanding par. (a), as an alternative to specifying the matters required to be specified in the bond resolution under par. (a), the resolution may specify members of the board or officers or employees of the commission, by name or position, to whom the commission delegates authority to determine which of the matters under specified par. (a), and any other matters that the commission deems appropriate, for inclusion in the trust agreement, indenture, or other agreement providing for issuance of the bonds as finally executed. A resolution under this paragraph shall specify at least all of the following:
66.0304(5)(am)1. 1. The maximum principal amount of bonds to be issued.
66.0304(5)(am)2. 2. The maximum term of the bonds.
66.0304(5)(am)3. 3. The maximum interest rate to be borne by the bonds.
66.0304(5)(b) (b) A bond issued under this section may include, or be subject to, any of the following:
66.0304(5)(b)1. 1. Early mandatory or optional redemption or purchase in lieu of redemption or tender, as provided in the resolution.
66.0304(5)(b)2. 2. A provision providing a right to tender.
66.0304(5)(b)3. 3. A trust agreement or indenture containing any terms, conditions, and covenants that the commission determines to be necessary or appropriate, but such terms, conditions, and covenants may not be in conflict with the resolution.
66.0304(5)(c) (c) The commission may purchase any bond issued under this section. Subject to the terms of any agreement with the bondholders, the commission may hold, pledge, resell, or cancel any bond purchased under this paragraph, except that a purchase under this paragraph may not effect an extinguishment of a bond unless the commission cancels the bond or otherwise certifies its intention that the bond be extinguished.
66.0304(5)(d) (d) The proceeds of a bond issued under this section may be used for one or more projects located within or outside of this state.
66.0304(5)(e) (e) The commission shall send notification to the department of revenue, on a form prescribed by the department, whenever a bond is issued under this section.
66.0304(6) (6) Sale of bonds.
66.0304(6)(a)(a) The sale of bonds under this section shall be conducted as provided in the bond resolution.
66.0304(6)(b) (b) A sale may be public or private. Bonds may be sold at the price or prices, and upon the conditions, determined by the commission. The commission shall give due consideration to the recommendations of the participants in the project when determining the conditions of sale.
66.0304(6)(c) (c) Bonds that are sold under this section may be serial bonds or term bonds, or both.
66.0304(6)(d) (d) If at the time of sale definitive bonds are not available, the commission may issue interim certificates exchangeable for definitive bonds.
66.0304(6)(e) (e) The commission shall disclose to any person who purchases a tax-exempt bond issued under this section that the interest received on such a bond is exempt from taxation, as provided in ss. 71.05 (1) (c) 10., 71.26 (1m) (k), 71.36 (1m), and 71.45 (1t) (k).
66.0304(7) (7) Bond security.
66.0304(7)(a)(a) The commission may secure bonds by a trust agreement or indenture by and between the commission and one or more corporate trustees. A bond resolution, trust agreement, or indenture may contain provisions for pledging properties, revenues, and other collateral; holding and disbursing funds; protecting and enforcing the rights and remedies of bondholders; restricting individual rights of action by bondholders; and amendments, and any other provisions the commission determines to be reasonable and proper for the security of the bondholders or contracts entered into under this section in connection with the bonds.
66.0304(7)(b) (b) A pledge of property, revenues, or other collateral by a commission to secure the payment of the principal or redemption price of, or interest on, any bonds, or any reimbursement or similar agreement with any provider of credit enhancement for bonds, or any swap or other agreement entered into in connection with bonds, is binding on the parties and on any successors. The collateral shall immediately be subject to the pledge, and the pledge shall constitute a lien and security interest which shall attach immediately to the collateral and be effective, binding, and enforceable against the pledgor, its successors, purchasers of the collateral, creditors, and all others, to the extent set forth, and in accordance with, the pledge document irrespective of whether those parties have notice of the pledge and without the need for any physical delivery, recordation, filing, or further act.
66.0304(8) (8) No personal liability. No board member of the commission is liable personally on the bonds or subject to any personal liability or accountability by reason of the issuance of the bonds, unless the personal liability or accountability is the result of willful misconduct.
66.0304(9) (9) Bonds not public debt.
66.0304(9)(a)(a) Unless otherwise expressly provided in the bond resolution, each issue of bonds by the commission shall be the limited obligation of the commission payable solely from amounts received by the commission from revenues derived from the project to be financed or refinanced or from any contract entered into or investment made in connection with the bonds and pledged to the payment of the bonds.
66.0304(9)(b) (b) The state and the political subdivisions who are parties to the agreement creating a commission under this section are not liable on bonds or any other contract entered into under this section, or for any other debt, obligation, or liability of the commission, whether in tort, contract, or otherwise.
66.0304(9)(c) (c) The bonds are not a debt of the state or the political subdivisions contracting to create a commission under this section. A bond issue under this section does not obligate the state or a political subdivision to levy any tax or make any appropriation for payment of the bonds. All bonds issued by a commission are payable solely from the funds pledged for their payment in accordance with the bond resolution or trust agreement or indenture providing for their issuance. All bonds shall contain, on their face, a statement regarding the obligations of the state, the political subdivisions who are parties to the agreement creating the commission, and the commission as set forth in this paragraph.
66.0304(10) (10) Audits, fiscal year.
66.0304(10)(a)(a) The board of a commission shall adopt a calendar year as its fiscal year for accounting purposes. The board shall annually prepare a budget for the commission.
66.0304(10)(b) (b) A commission shall maintain an accounting system in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and shall have its financial statements and debt covenants audited annually by an independent certified public accountant, except that the commission by a unanimous vote may decide to have an audit performed under this paragraph every 2 years.
66.0304(10)(c) (c) A copy of the budget and audit shall be sent to the governing body of each political subdivision which is a party to the agreement that created the commission and filed with the secretary of administration and the legislative audit bureau.
66.0304(11) (11) Limitations.
66.0304(11)(a)(a) A commission may not issue bonds to finance a capital improvement project in any state or territory of the United States unless a political subdivision within whose boundaries the project is to be located has approved the financing of the project. A commission may not issue bonds to finance a capital improvement project in this state unless all of the political subdivisions within whose boundaries the project is to be located has approved the financing of the project. An approval under this paragraph may be made by the governing body of the political subdivision or, except for a 1st class city or a county in which a 1st class city is located, by the highest ranking executive or administrator of the political subdivision.
66.0304(11)(b) (b) This section provides a complete alternative method, to all other methods provided by law, to exercise the powers authorized in this section, including the issuance of bonds, the entering into of contracts related to those bonds, and the financing or refinancing of projects.
66.0304(11)(bm) (bm) A project may be located outside of the United States or outside a territory of the United States if the borrower, including a co-borrower, of proceeds of bonds issued to finance or refinance the project in whole or in part is incorporated and has its principal place of business in the United States or a territory of the United States. To the extent that this paragraph applies to a borrower, it also applies to a participant if the participant is a nongovernmental entity.
66.0304(11)(c) (c) Any action brought to challenge the validity of the issuance of a bond under this section, or the enforceability of a contract entered into under this section, must be commenced in circuit court within 30 days of the commission adopting a resolution authorizing the issuance of the bond or the execution of the contract.
66.0304(11)(d) (d) Bonds issued under this section shall not be invalid for any irregularity or defect in the proceedings for their sale or issuance. The bonds shall contain a statement that they have been authorized and issued pursuant to the laws of this state. The statement shall be conclusive evidence of the validity of the bonds.
66.0304(12) (12) State Pledge. The state pledges to and agrees with the bondholders, and persons that enter into contracts with a commission under this section, that the state will not limit, impair, or alter the rights and powers vested in a commission by this section, including the rights and powers under sub. (4), before the commission has met and discharged the bonds, and any interest due on the bonds, and has fully performed its contracts, unless adequate provision is made by law for the protection of the bondholders or those entering into contracts with a commission. The commission may include this pledge in a contract with bondholders.
66.0304 History History: 2009 a. 205; 2011 a. 32, 239; 2013 a. 20.
66.0305 66.0305 Political subdivision revenue sharing.
66.0305(1)(1) Definition. In this section, “political subdivision" means a city, village, town, or county.
66.0305(2) (2) Political subdivision revenue sharing agreement. Subject to the requirements of this section, any 2 or more political subdivisions may, by a majority vote of a quorum of their governing bodies, enter into an agreement to share all or a specified part of revenues derived from taxes and special charges, as defined in s. 74.01 (4). One or more political subdivisions may enter into agreements under this section with federally recognized American Indian tribes or bands.
66.0305(3) (3) Public hearing. At least 30 days before entering into an agreement under sub. (2), a political subdivision shall hold a public hearing on the proposed agreement. Notice of the hearing shall be published as a class 3 notice under ch. 985.
66.0305(4) (4) Specifications.
66.0305(4)(a)(a) An agreement entered into under sub. (2) shall meet all of the following conditions:
66.0305(4)(a)1. 1. The term of the agreement shall be for at least 10 years.
66.0305(4)(a)2. 2. The boundaries of the area within which the revenues are to be shared in the agreement shall be specified.
66.0305(4)(a)3. 3. The formula or other means of determining the amount of revenues to be shared under the agreement shall be specified.
66.0305(4)(a)4. 4. The date upon which revenues agreed to be shared under the agreement shall be paid to the appropriate political subdivision shall be specified.
66.0305(4)(a)5. 5. The method by which the agreement may be invalidated after the expiration of the minimum period specified in par. (a) 1. shall be specified.
66.0305(4)(b) (b) An agreement entered into under sub. (2) may address any other appropriate matters, including any agreements with respect to services or agreements with respect to municipal boundaries under s. 66.0225, 66.0301 (6), or 66.0307.
66.0305(5) (5) Contiguous boundaries. No political subdivision may enter into an agreement under sub. (2) with one or more political subdivisions unless the political subdivision is contiguous to at least one other political subdivision that enters into the agreement.
66.0305(6) (6) Advisory referendum.
66.0305(6)(a)(a) Within 30 days after the hearing under sub. (3), the governing body of a participating political subdivision may adopt a resolution calling for an advisory referendum on the agreement. An advisory referendum shall be held if, within 30 days after the hearing under sub. (3), a petition, signed by a number of qualified electors equal to at least 10 percent of the votes cast for governor in the political subdivision at the last gubernatorial election, is filed with the clerk of a participating political subdivision, requesting an advisory referendum on the revenue sharing plan. The petition shall conform to the requirements of s. 8.40 and shall be filed as provided in s. 8.37. If an advisory referendum is held, the political subdivision's governing body may not vote to approve the agreement under sub. (2) until the report under par. (d) is filed.
66.0305(6)(b) (b) The advisory referendum shall be held not less than 70 days nor more than 100 days after adoption of the resolution under par. (a) calling for the referendum or not less than 70 days nor more than 100 days after receipt of the petition under par. (a) by the municipal or county clerk. The municipal or county clerk shall give notice of the referendum by publishing a notice in a newspaper of general circulation in the political subdivision, both on the publication day next preceding the advisory referendum election and one week prior to that publication date.
66.0305(6)(c) (c) The advisory referendum shall be conducted by the political subdivision's election officials. The governing body of the political subdivision may specify the number of election officials for the referendum. The ballots shall contain the words “For the revenue sharing agreement" and “Against the revenue sharing agreement" and shall otherwise conform to the provisions of s. 5.64 (2). The election shall be conducted as are other municipal or county elections in accordance with chs. 6 and 7, insofar as applicable.
66.0305(6)(d) (d) The election inspectors shall report the results of the election, showing the total number of votes cast and the numbers cast for and against the revenue sharing. The election inspectors shall attach their affidavit to the report and immediately file the report in the office of the municipal or county clerk.
66.0305(6)(e) (e) The costs of the advisory referendum election shall be borne by the political subdivision that holds the election.
66.0305 History History: 1995 a. 270; 1999 a. 150 s. 72; Stats. 1999 s. 66.0305; 1999 a. 182 s. 202; 2005 a. 98; 2007 a. 43; 2011 a. 75.
66.0307 66.0307 Boundary change pursuant to approved cooperative plan.
66.0307(1)(1) Definitions. In this section:
66.0307(1)(af) (af) “Comprehensive plan" means an adopted plan that contains the elements under s. 66.1001 (2) or, if a municipality has not adopted a plan that contains those elements, a master plan adopted under s. 62.23 (2) or (3).
66.0307(1)(am) (am) “Department" means the department of administration.
66.0307(1)(b) (b) “Municipality" means a city, village or town.
66.0307(2) (2) Boundary change authority. Any combination of municipalities may determine the boundary lines between themselves under a cooperative plan that is approved by the department under this section. A single city or village and a single town may use the mediated agreement procedure under sub. (4m) to determine a common boundary line under a cooperative plan that is approved by the department under this section. No boundary of a municipality may be changed or maintained under this section unless the municipality is a party to the cooperative agreement. The cooperative plan shall provide one or more of the following:
66.0307(2)(a) (a) That specified boundary line changes shall occur during the planning period and the approximate dates by which the changes shall occur.
66.0307(2)(b) (b) That specified boundary line changes may occur during the planning period and the approximate dates by which the changes may occur.
66.0307(2)(c) (c) That a required boundary line change under par. (a) or an optional boundary line change under par. (b) shall be subject to the occurrence of conditions set forth in the plan.
66.0307(2)(d) (d) That specified boundary lines may not be changed during the planning period.
66.0307(3) (3) Cooperative plan.
/statutes/statutes/66 true statutes /statutes/statutes/66/III/0304/5/c Chs. 59-68, Functions and Government of Municipalities statutes/66.0304(5)(c) statutes/66.0304(5)(c) section true
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Shrek films, 2007 films, Sequel films, Movies
Changes: Shrek the Third
Snoopybrown84 (wall | contribs)
Yru17 (wall | contribs)
(→Trivia)
*The first and only Shrek movie to not show or mention Fiona's human form.
*The last Shrek film to feature music from Eels lead singer Mark Oliver Everett.
*This is the only DreamWorks Animation film that was once released on HD DVD.
Revision as of 21:14, December 23, 2016
Denise Nolan Cascino
Shrek the Third (also known as Shrek 3) is a 2007 American computer-animated fantasy comedy film, and the third installment in the Shrek franchise. It was produced by DreamWorks Animation and is the first in the series to be distributed by Paramount Pictures which acquired DreamWorks Pictures in 2006 (the former parent of DWA). It was released in U.S. theaters on May 18, 2007 (exactly six years after the first film).
The film received mixed reviews from critics, but was a box office success, grossing $798 million worldwide against it's $160 million budget.
Like the first two Shrek films, the film is based on fairy tale themes. It was nominated for Best Animated Movie at the 2008 Kids' Choice Awards, but lost to Ratatouille. It was also nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Animated Film at the 61st British Academy Film Awards.
King Harold (voiced by John Cleese) falls ill and his ogre son-in-law Shrek (voiced by Mike Myers) and daughter Princess Fiona (voiced by Cameron Diaz) are next in line to be King and Queen of Far Far Away. Shrek declines, insisting that an ogre as king is a bad idea and that there has to be someone else for the job. With his final few breaths, the king tells Shrek that there is one other heir who can become the new King of Far Far Away: his nephew, Arthur Pendragon (voiced by Justin Timberlake). After a mournful funeral, Shrek sets out on a quest to bring back the new king, along with Donkey (voiced by Eddie Murphy) and Puss in Boots (voiced Antonio Banderas). As they're sailing off, Fiona runs to the dock and announces to Shrek that she is pregnant and he is going to be a father. Shocked, Shrek begins to have nightmares about his future children on the journey to find Arthur. Donkey tries to comfort him by singing "Cat's in the Cradle" but this only aggravates him more. Donkey tries to convince him that his life will not be ruined but Shrek states that he is worried about ruining his child's life.
The trio's journey soon leads them to Worcestershire Academy, an elite boarding school, where they discover that Arthur ("Artie", as he prefers to be called) is a scrawny 16-year old underachiever picked on by virtually everyone, from the cool kids down to the retainer wearing Dungeons and Dragons geeks. Far removed from the courageous legend his name evokes, Artie stands literally at the bottom of the high school food chain. He is constantly showered with insults, used as a punching bag by the school Jousting Team, led by the obnoxious Lancelot du Lac (voiced by John Krasinski), and cruelly scorned by Guinevere (Latifa Ouaou), the girl he had always loved.
At the school pep rally Shrek tells him he's going to be the new king of Far Far Away. Artie is only too excited to be on his way to the throne, until Donkey and Puss inadvertently scare him by talking about responsibilities of being king. Panicked, Artie tries to take control of the ship and ends up crashing it on an island where they meet Artie's retired wizard teacher, Merlin (voiced by Eric Idle).
Meanwhile, a revenge-lusted Prince Charming (voiced by Rupert Everett) has gone to the Poison Apple Bar, where he encounters a slew of fairy tale villains including Captain Hook (voiced by Ian McShane), the Evil Queen (voiced by Susanne Blakeslee), a Cyclops (voiced by David Edelman), Rumpelstiltskin (voiced by Conrad Vernon), Mabel the Ugly Stepsister (voiced by talk show host Regis Philbin), the Headless Horseman (Conrad Vernon), Stromboli the Puppet Master (Chris Miller), and an assortment of outlaws, black knights, pirates, ents, and witches. Although they initially despise Charming, he persuades them to join him in a fight for their "happily ever after". The villains feel their side of the story has never been told and now is the time to do it.
Charming and the other villains invade the kingdom and pillage for a time before attacking the castle, disrupting Fewsjhiueeiureiureiureioreioeiwoeiwoiowjksjkdjksdknsd tale friends: Gingerbread Man (also voiced by Conrad Vernon), Pinocchio (voiced by Cody Cameron), The Big Bad Wolf (voiced by Aron Warner), and The Three Little Pigs (also voiced by Cameron), Dragon, and Donkey and Dragon's children. Fiona and Lilian (Julie Andrews) try to escape through an underground passage, along with Doris the Ugly Stepsister (voiced by Larry King), Cinderella (voiced by Amy Sedaris), Snow White (voiced by Amy Poehler), Sleeping Beauty (voiced by Cheri Oteri) and Rapunzel (voiced by Maya Rudolph); the ladies are captured, however, when Rapunzel betrays them and leads them into a trap. They learn that she is in love with Charming, who plans to make her his queen once he claims the throne.
Captain Hook and some of his pirates track Shrek and company to Merlin's island, where they attempt to capture Shrek and kill the others. Shrek and Artie tag-team them effectively, however, and send the villains running, but not before Hook mentions Prince and the takeover of Far Far Away. Concerned for his wife and his future children, Shrek urges Artie to return to the safety of Worcestershire; Artie, however, has other ideas. He cons Merlin into coming out of retirement long enough to use his magic and send them all back to Far Far Away; the spell works, but accidentally causes Puss and Donkey to switch bodies because they were touching each other. They find that Charming is bent on revenge against Shrek for 'stealing' his "happily ever after," and plans to kill Shrek in a play later that night. Charming's men arrive shortly, but another clever ruse by Artie tricks the knights into not taking them into custody. They then break into the castle, where play rehearsal and set design are in full swing, and where Charming is becoming not good at rehearsing and is also not good at mock battles, killing two faux Shrek in a row. In Charming's dressing room, Shrek menaces Charming but Charming is able to summon his men, who burst in and take the four captive.
Charming prepares to kill Artie, believing he's the next king. To save Artie's life, Shrek tells Charming that Artie was just a fool to take his place as King of Far Far Away. Charming believes Shrek and decides not to kill him. Artie, who had just been growing to trust Shrek, is crushed by this and runs away. Charming then says to Shrek "You really do have a way with children, Shrek." Donkey and Puss are thrown into the tower with Fiona and the other ladies, where Fiona is growing frustrated with the other princesses and their lack of initiative. Queen Lilian soon grows fed up, and successfully smashes the stone wall of the prison by head butting the walls. While the women launch a rescue mission for Shrek, who is being held captive elsewhere, Donkey and Puss work to free Gingy, Pinocchio, the wolf and pigs, Dragon, and the Dronkeys. As they prepare to enter the castle and join the ladies, they encounter Artie, and Puss and Donkey explain to him that Shrek lied so Charming wouldn't kill him. Artie seems hesitant to believe them.
As the kingdom watches, Charming stages a theatrical performance in which he heroically rides to the rescue of Rapunzel in a (fake) tower and sings, somewhat badly. To Charming's profound annoyance, the chained Shrek wins the audience's support by ridiculing his singing and acting. Just as Charming is about to kill Shrek, Fiona and her friends, along with Puss, Donkey and the Fairy Tale characters, leap onto the stage to confront the villains. It goes awry, however, as the villains largely outnumber the heroes and take them prisoner again. In the nick of time, Artie arrives and convinces the villains to stop and turn over a new leaf, proving himself to possess effective leadership skills. He says something that Shrek told him when they were sitting around a fire at Merlin's island- "Just because some people treat you like a loser, it doesn't mean you are one. The thing that matters most is what you think of yourself. If there's something you really want or someone you really want to be, then the only one standing in your way is you." The villains drop their weapons and release their captives.
Charming, furious at having been thwarted, lunges for him with his sword. Shrek blocks the blow and appears to take it in his own chest, leading Charming to believe he's won; but Charming missed, and the sword is lodged harmlessly under Shrek's arm. Shrek informs Charming that he needs to keep looking for his own happily ever after, because he's not giving up his own. As Shrek pushes Charming aside, Dragon slyly knocks over Rapunzel's tower, which lands on Charming, killing him. Charming's crown is sent rolling across the stage by the impact and is caught by Artie. Shrek tells him that the throne is his if he wants it, but it is his decision to make. Artie lifts the crown toward the audience, who cheer him loudly, then sets it on his own head. While the kingdom celebrates their new monarch, Merlin appears and restores Puss and Donkey to their proper bodies, though their tails were temporarily mismatched.
As Far Far Away is left in the capable hands of young Artie, the move ends as Shrek retires with Fiona to their swamp a few months later, becoming the parents of ogre triplets.
Mike Myers as Shrek
Eddie Murphy as Donkey
Cameron Diaz as Princess Fiona
Antonio Banderas as Puss In Boots
Justin Timberlake as Artie
Rupert Everett as Prince Charming
Eric Idle as Merlin
Julie Andrews as Queen Lillian
John Cleese as King Harold
Conrad Vernon as Gingerbread Man, Rumplestiltskin, Headless Horseman
Cody Cameron as Pinocchio, the Three Pigs, Baby Ogre, Bohort
Larry King as Doris the Ugly Stepsister
Christopher Knights as The Three Blind Mice
Amy Poehler as Snow White
Maya Rudolph as Rapunzel
Amy Sedaris as Cinderella
Aron Warner as Wolf
Cheri Oteri as Sleeping Beauty and Actress
Ian McShane as Captain Hook
Susanne Blakeslee as Evil Queen
Regis Philbin as Mabel the Ugly Stepsister
Mark Valley as Cyclops
Chris Miller as Puppet Master
Seth Rogen as Ship Captain
Tom Kane as Guard #1
Kari Wahlgren as Old Lady
John Lithgow as Lord Farquaad (seen in a flashback by Gingy)
John Krasinski as Lancelot
The film was met with extremely high expectations after the success of Shrek 2. Because of this, Shrek the third had the highest opening weekend of all the films to date. Many fans dislike this movie because it was bland and because of all the stupid jokes and inappropriate jokes as well. Because of this, Shrek 5 was cancelled and it was decided that Shrek should end at 4.
This is the first (and only excluding Puss in Boots) Shrek film to not open with a fairytale book.
The first and only Shrek movie to not show or mention Fiona's human form.
The last Shrek film to feature music from Eels lead singer Mark Oliver Everett.
This is the only DreamWorks Animation film that was once released on HD DVD.
Shrek • Shrek 2 • Shrek the Third • Shrek Forever After • Puss in Boots • Puss in Boots 2: Nine Lives & 40 Thieves
Shrek • Donkey • Princess Fiona • Puss in Boots • Dragon • Farkle, Fergus and Felicia
Gingerbread Man • Magic Mirror • Pinocchio • Three Little Pigs • Three Blind Mice • Wolf • Doris • King Harold • Queen Lillian • King Arthur • Merlin •Captain of Guards • Geppetto
Lord Farquaad • The Fairy Godmother • Prince Charming • Captain Hook • Rapunzel • Rumpelstiltskin • Jack & Jill
Mike Myers • Eddie Murphy • Cameron Diaz • Antonio Banderas
Andrew Adamson • Cody Cameron • Chris Miller • Christopher Knights • Jim Cummings • John Lithgow • Conrad Vernon
Aron Warner • John Cleese • Rupert Everett • Kelly Asbury • Julie Andrews • Jennifer Saunders
Eric Idle • Amy Poehler • Seth Rogen • Maya Rudolph • Justin Timberlake
Antz (1998) • The Prince of Egypt (1998) • The Road to El Dorado (2000) • Chicken Run (2000) • Shrek (2001) • Spirit: Stallion of the Cimarron (2002) • Jonah: A VeggieTales Movie (2002) • Sinbad: Legend of the Seven Seas (2003) • Shrek 2 (2004) • Shark Tale (2004) • Madagascar (2005) • Wallace & Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit (2005) • Over the Hedge (2006) • Flushed Away (2006) • Shrek the Third (2007) • Bee Movie (2007) • Kung Fu Panda (2008) • Madagascar: Escape 2 Africa (2008) • Monsters vs. Aliens (2009) • How to Train Your Dragon (2010) • Shrek Forever After (2010) • Megamind (2010) • Kung Fu Panda 2 (2011) • Puss in Boots (2011) • Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted (2012) • Rise of the Guardians (2012) • The Croods (2013) • Turbo (2013) • Mr. Peabody & Sherman (2014) • How to Train Your Dragon 2 (2014) • Penguins of Madagascar (2014) • Home (2015) • Kung Fu Panda 3 (2016) • Trolls (2016) • The Boss Baby (2017) • Captain Underpants: The First Epic Movie (2017) • How to Train Your Dragon: The Hidden World (2019) • Abominable (2019)
Trolls World Tour (2020) • The Croods 2 (2020) • The Boss Baby 2 (2021) • Spirit Riding Free (2021) • The Bad Guys (2021)
Feature Films in Development
B.O.O.: Bureau of Otherworldly Operations • Shrek 5 • Me & My Shadow • Mumbai Musical • Madagascar 4 • Puss in Boots 2: Nine Lives & 40 Thieves
Direct-to-Video Films
Joseph: King of Dreams (2000) • Little Audrey (2020)
Canceled Films
Larrikins • Zodiac • Spooky Jack
Shrek the Halls (2007) • Monsters vs. Aliens: Mutant Pumpkins from Outer Space (2009) • Merry Madagascar (2009) • Scared Shrekless (2010) • Kung Fu Panda Holiday (2010) • Dragons: Gift of the Night Fury (2011) • Madly Madagascar (2013) • Trolls Holiday (2017) • How to Train Your Dragon: Homecoming (2019)
Shrek in the Swamp Karaoke Dance Party! (2001) • Shrek 4-D (2003) • Sinbad and the Cyclops Island (2003) • Far Far Away Idol (2004) • Club Oscar (2005) • The Madagascar Penguins in a Christmas Caper (2005) • First Flight (2006) • Hammy's Boomerang Adventure (2006) • Secrets of the Furious Five (2008) • B.O.B.'s Big Break (2009) • Legend of the Boneknapper Dragon (2010) • Donkey's Caroling Christmas-tacular (2010) • Megamind: The Button of Doom (2011) • Thriller Night (2011) • The Pig Who Cried Werewolf (2011) • Night of the Living Carrots (2011) Book of Dragons (2011) • Gift of the Night Fury (2011) • Secrets of the Masters (2011) • Puss in Boots: The Three Diablos (2012) • Almost Home (2014) • Rocky and Bullwinkle (2014) • Dawn of the Dragon Racers (2014) • Kung Fu Panda: Secrets of the Scroll (2016) • Bird Karma (2018) • Bilby (2018)
Toonsylvania (1998) • Invasion America (1998) • Alienators: Evolution Continues (2001–2002) • Father of the Pride (2004–2005) • The Penguins of Madagascar (2008–15) • Kung Fu Panda: Legends of Awesomeness (2011–2016) • DreamWorks Dragons (2012-2018) • Monsters vs. Aliens (2013-2014) • Turbo FAST (2013–2016) • VeggieTales in the House (2014-2016) • All Hail King Julien (2014-2017) • The Adventures of Puss in Boots (2015-2018) • Dinotrux (2015-2018) • The Mr. Peabody & Sherman Show (2015-2017) • Dawn of the Croods (2015-2017) • Noddy, Toyland Detective (2016-present) • Voltron: Legendary Defender (2016-2018) • Home: Adventures with Tip and Oh (2016-2018) • Trollhunters (2016-2018) • VeggieTales in the City (2017) • Spirit Riding Free (2017-present) • Trolls: The Beat Goes On! (2018-present) • The Boss Baby: Back in Business (2018-present) • The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle (TV series) (2018-present) • Harvey Street Kids (2018-present) • The Epic Tales of Captain Underpants (2018-present) • She-Ra and the Princesses of Power (2018-present) • Kung Fu Panda: The Paws of Destiny (2018-present) • 3 Below (2018-2019) • Where's Waldo? (2019-present) • Archibald's Next Big Thing (2019-present) • Dragons: Rescue Riders (2019-present) • Cleopatra in Space (2019-present) • Wizards (2020)
Retrieved from "https://dreamworks.fandom.com/wiki/Shrek_the_Third?oldid=77350"
Shrek films
Sequel films
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Mining Peru’s Cerro de Pasco
September 5, 1985JPEG
October 8, 2017JPEG
View Image Comparison View Both Images
Perched at 4,330 meters (14,210 feet) above sea level, Cerro de Pasco in central Peru stands among the highest cities in the world. It is also one of the most polluted.
Traces of lead in the sediments at the bottom of nearby Lake Llamacocha indicate that the Wari Empire mined and smelted silver here as early as 600 A.D. When Incan and Spanish empires controlled the city in later centuries, Cerro de Pasco continued to be a major source of silver, copper, zinc, and other metals.
For much of the city’s history, miners worked in hundreds of small-scale silver mines scattered widely in caverns and underground tunnels throughout the area. By the 1950s, most of the small mines had been closed and replaced by large open-pit mines, including one near the center of the city.
The Thematic Mapper on Landsat 5 captured an image of Cerro de Pasco and its surroundings on September 7, 1985. The second image, acquired by the Operational Land Imager (OLI) on Landsat 8, highlights how much the area had changed by October 1, 2017.
As the pit deepened and widened, it began consuming bits of the surrounding city, including historic neighborhoods once dotted with embassies and consulates. By 2018, the pit was more than 1 kilometer wide (0.6 miles) and deep enough to hold the Empire State Building. A second open-pit mine to the south of the city, near Colquijirca, also expanded significantly.
Managing and storing waste rock, overburden, mine tailings, and mine water is a key challenge for any mining operation. (Waste rock and overburden are the excess rock and soil unearthed while reaching ore. Tailings are waste materials, often pulverized rock, leftover after the most valuable metals have been extracted from the ore. Mine water is collected in pits after being used during several parts of the mining process. Tailings are often stored as slurries with mine water in sealed containment ponds or dried and stacked in piles.)
Several tailings ponds are visible southwest of the city; the colorful Quiulacocha tailings pond is one of the most noticeable. Though new tailings have not been added since 1992, it appears reddish-brown because acidic water seeps in from a waste rock dump (just to the northeast) that is rich in pyrite. As pyrite reacts with air and water, it yields sulfuric acid and dissolved iron, which gives the water a rusty color. This mine drainage is also rich in arsenic, lead, copper, zinc, and some harmful heavy metals.
These contaminants do not necessarily stay contained in tailings ponds. A research group led by Donald Rodbell of Union College and other teams of scientists have documented widespread heavy metal contamination of the water, dust, and sediment well beyond these tailings ponds. In particular, scientists found that the sediment in the upper 50 centimeters (20 inches) of Lake Junin, part of a wildlife preserve south of Cierro de Pasco, contains extremely high levels of copper, zinc, and lead. The contamination comes from polluted waters that flowed down the San Juan River, pooled behind the Upamayo Dam, and backed up into Lake Junin. The image acquired on September 5, 1985, is an example of this happening.
Unusually high levels of lead also show up in soils, streams, animal tissues, and even the blood of Cerro de Pasco residents. In fact, lead contamination is so widespread that the Peruvian ministry of health declared a “state of environmental emergency” in 2012.
“What has happened at Cerro de Pasco is truly an environmental and public health disaster,” said Rodbell.
NASA Earth Observatory images by Joshua Stevens, using Landsat data from the U.S. Geological Survey. Story by Adam Voiland.
The city’s economic engine is also a worrisome source of pollution.
Image of the Day for March 16, 2019
Landsat 5 — TM
Image of the Day Land Human Presence
Bianchini, F. et al. (2015) Elemental contamination of an open-pit mining area in the Peruvian Andes. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. 12 (3), 1065-1074.
Cooke, C. et al. (2009) Lake-sediment geochemistry reveals 1400 years of evolving extractive metallurgy at Cerro de Pasco, Peruvian Andes. Geology, 37, 1019-1022.
Dold, B. et al. (2009) Water management for acid mine drainage control at the polymetallic Zn—Pb—(Ag—Bi—Cu) deposit Cerro de Pasco, Peru. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 100 (2-3), 133-141.
National Geographic (2015, December 15) High in the Andes, A Mine Eats a 400-Year-Old City. Accessed January 18, 2018.
Rodbell, D. et al. (2014) The heavy metal contamination of Lake Junin National Reserve, Peru: An unintended consequence of the juxtaposition of hydroelectricity and mining. GSA Today, 4-10.
Pulitzer Center (2018, April 17) Centuries of Mining Take a Toll on Health in Peruvian Communities. Accessed January 18, 2018.
PRI (2018, December 26) Centuries of mining take a toll on health in Peruvian communities. Accessed January 18, 2018.
Unearthed (2018, October 4) The City Built Around a Mine. Accessed January 18, 2018.
South Africa’s Largest Open-Pit Mine
Berkeley Pit: Butte, Montana
Going for Gold in Nevada
Jwaneng Diamond Mine, Botswana
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Posted on 29 January 2007 4 December 2018 by elinepa
Participation of G. Papandreou in International Seminar for Mahatma Gandhi
The Chairman of the Socialist International and PASOK Mr. George Papandreou travelled on the 29th January 2007 to New Delhi in order to honour with his participation one of the greatest personalities of the 20th century and the historical leader of India, Mahatma Gandhi. The visit took place during the International Conference on Mahatma Gandhi’s vision and values in the 21st Century organized by the ruling National Congress Party on the occasion of the completion of 100 years since its foundation.
During his visit, Mr. Papandreou met with the President of the Congress Party Mrs. Sonia Gandhi and the Prime Minister of India Dr. Manmohan Singh, who had as his teacher Andreas Papandreou in Berkley and one of his niece are studying in Athens. In the meeting with Mrs. Gandhi present were the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Shri Pranab Mukherjee and many members of the Cabinet of the Indian Government, since the President of PASOK was given the honours of a Prime Minister. He also met with 2006 Nobel peace laureate Muhammad Yunus, the founder of the Bangladesh-based Grameen micro-lending concept.
The result of the discussions, as noted by Mr. Papandreou, was the upgrading of the National Congress Party’s participation in the Socialist International, something which as he stressed, will give a wider voice to India, but, will at the same time strengthen the voice of the International. This way, added Mr Papandreou, the role of the Socialist International is elevated in the world discussion concerning the big issues that occupy the planet.
Also discussed were regional issues, such as the growth of Asia, something that, as he noted, interests Greece, since it is a dynamic continent.
Addressing Congress delegates and international dignitaries, Papandreou, Greece’s former foreign minister, emphasized that Gandhi’s life was in itself an example towards others. He linked his principles, beliefs and struggle in today’s globalized society and presented a policy revolving around the triptych of “peace, development and education”, all in tandem with the implementation of the values related to social justice.
He added that the international democratic and progressive movement owes a great deal to Mahatma Gandhi, whose philosophy is almost identified with the principles of the modern socialist movement, as expressed by the Socialist International.
Regarding Gandhi’s renowned promotion of “non-violence” as a lever for social and political change, Papandreou said the latter was definitely not a “weakness” of the Indian statesman’s philosophy but a “powerful practice”.
He referred to his own initiative regarding an “Olympic Truce” for the 2004 Games, a policy that led the marching of South and North Korea athletes under one banner at the Athens Games. He also said the policy of “non-violence” led to tangible results in Greek-Turkish relations, when he and the late Ismail Cem inaugurated a policy of rapprochement following the 1999 earthquakes in the two countries.
Papandreou called on delegates, and through them the international peace movement, to struggle for the elimination of three walls in the world today, which are ?none other that the walls of Nicosia, Palestine and Mexico”.
Among others, he said the SI is committed to peace efforts in the Balkans, the Caucasus, Latin America, Asia and Africa, whereas he made particular reference to strife-plagued Nepal, the focus of a SI-sponsored peace initiative in 10 days.
Read Papandreou’s speach here
CategoriesLECTURES & CONFERENCES, NEWS & EVENTS
Previous PostPrevious Gandhi’s stand, that inspired so many, was a moral one
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The opening of the CEID Europe League has received strong support from Fosun Group, a Chinese international conglomerate and investment company. Being a main sponsor of the Longines China Tour Beijing event in 2017, Fosun Group announced its official entry into international equestrian sports at the beginning of 2018. Sunvision Capital, a subsidiary of Fosun Group, acquired 51% of the equity of CEID, China Equestrian International Development (Beijing) Co., Ltd., and became the majority shareholder of CEID. “Horse sports sector” was added to the Fosun industry portfolio, achieving new breakthroughs in the consumption upgrade in the sports sector, and carrying out international cooperation. Mr. Wen Xiaodong, Assistant to the President of Fosun Group, President of Fosun Infrastructure Group and Founding Partner & CEO of Sunvision Capital, said: “We will vigorously promote the development of equestrian sports on the basis of the existing events, select and train outstanding Chinese athletes, and provide full support for the Olympic strategy of the General Administration of the Sport and the Chinese Equestrian Association.”
Along with the development of Chinese equestrian sports, the world is paying attention to this region. Ingmar De Vos, President of the International Equestrian Federation, previously stated that “Foreign established professionals are turning their attention to this region and the commitment to build the foundation is clearly present in the equestrian community in China.” CEID’ support of 20 top Chinese riders to compete in the European arena also attracted the attention of the international equestrian community. Nayla Stössel, Chairman of the Longines CSIO St. Gallen and Board Member of the European Equestrian Federation, said: “CEID’s support for top Chinese riders to gain experience in Europe is an important step for them on the world stage. It also unveils the development of Chinese equestrian sports and writes a new chapter in the cooperation of Chinese and European equestrianism.”
CEID supports the Chinese Equestrian Association (CEA) in preparing for the 2020 Tokyo Olympics and is the sole organizer of the Longines China Tour – the official international show jumping series of the CEA. The series has been held at different locations in every year since 2014. In 2018, the Longines China Tour’s Beijing event will be held at the foot of the famous Great Wall, Ju Yong Guan from 14 to 16 September, which will write a new chapter in the development of the Great Wall Cultural Belt. The second event of this year’s Longines China Tour will be held in Guangzhou from 30 November to 2 December.
Ms. Jessica Zhang, General Manager of CEID, said: “Europe is famous for its tradition and strength in equestrian sports and plays an important role in the Olympics and world equestrian events. CEID conducts equestrian sports events in Europe, which will provide opportunities for Chinese riders to learn, to gain experiences and share their experience. We will also be more exposed to rider training and event operations in those move advanced equestrian countries. All these will be of great help in further promoting the equestrian sports to Chinese youth.”
The first event of the CEID League at the Peelbergen Equestrian Center in Kronenberg, the Netherlands, was the perfect start. The center is located in the Province of Limburg, close to the famous equestrian sites like Aachen and ‘s-Hertogenbosch. The organizers of the event have welcomed many Chinese riders to participate, promising to create convenient conditions, provide good service facilities, protect welfare of the rider and horse, and cooperate further with China on training in the long term.
Since 2013, more and more international equestrian events are held in China, and the Chinese equestrian industry has shown an accelerated development trend. There are now nearly 1,500 equestrian clubs and more than three million equestrian enthusiasts according to the latest statistics.
About Fosun
Fosun builds up its core competences in China, provides global families with high quality products and services, and integrates wealth, health and happiness through advanced technology, continuing innovation and smart C2M Eco-Systems.
Fosun was founded in 1992. Fosun International (00656.HK) was listed on the Main Board of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange on July 16, 2007.
About CEID
CEID was established in 2013. The company is mainly engaged in equestrian events, horse culture communication, professional and technical advisory services, and horse product exhibitions. CEID is the organizer of the Longines China Tour – the exclusive international show jumping series in China, co-sanctioned by the FEI and CEA.
In January 2018 Sunvision Capital, a subsidiary of Fosun Infrastructure Industrial Development Group, announced that it had taken 51% of the equity of CEID and became the largest shareholder of CEID, thereby deepening its overall support of the horse sports industry. The target of Fosun is to achieve breakthroughs in the consumption upgrade in the sports sector.
Photos’ credit: ©CEID
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At Estele, we believe in the power of the modern woman.
A new era in fashion jewellery began in November 1989 when Estele was formally launched by Normark Fashions. A joint venture between Normark Fashions (P) Ltd based out of Hyderabad and Normark Fashions, Inc from Canada – Estele truly symbolizes the synergy between the two worlds, and marks the influence of Western fashions in India.
Estele stands for 'star' – and that's exactly what we aim to make our customers with our wide range of designs. The modern woman is a symbol of style and elegance, a testament to her sisters in history who have been sporting jewellery like armour and a beacon of hope for the future. At Estele, we believe in designing the kind of pieces that go beyond a simple style statement – our pieces complete the wearer, and is as much a part of them as their own self. Estele goes beyond jewellery.
It is said that there is no love as deep and true as the love you have for your own self. Estele stands a reminder of that love. Love your spirit, and the world will follow.
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Announcement of the Next Generation Event Horizon Telescope Design Program
The United States National Science Foundation (NSF) has announced the award of a $12.7M grant to architect and design a next-generation Event Horizon Telescope (ngEHT). The principal investigator of this program is the EHT Founding Director, Sheperd Doeleman at the Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian. The ngEHT will sharpen our focus on black holes, and let researchers move from still-imagery to real-time videos of space-time at the event horizon.
The new award is aimed at solving the formidable technical and algorithmic challenges required to significantly expand the capability of the EHT. The first M87 black hole images were made using the technique of Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI), in which an array of radio dishes around the world is combined to form an Earth-sized virtual telescope. By exploring new dish designs and locations, the ngEHT effort will plan the architecture for a new array with roughly double the number of sites worldwide.
Further information: announcement from the Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, NSF MSRI Award Abstract
Copyright © 2017-2019 Event Horizon Telescope.
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Michelangelo Biography
by Lauren Mitchell Ruehring
Portrait of Michelangelo (after 1535) by This portrait hints at Michelangelo's brooding temperament. See more pictures of works by Michelangelo.
Born on Sunday, March 6, 1475, Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni spent his early years in the Italian village of Caprese, a child destined to be shaped by the men in his life. His mother, Francesca Neri, inattentive and in failing health, entrusted the care of Michelangelo to the wife of a stonecutter in a town near Florence. From that moment, history has no account of her further involvement in Michelangelo's childhood or later life. His father, Lodovico, was a podestà, a minor Florentine official of noble lineage, who was consumed with keeping what little remained of the family money and properties.
Michelangelo endured a childhood lacking in affection. His mother died when he was only six years old, and Michelangelo's father, recognizing the boy's intellectual potential, enrolled him in the school of master linguist Francesco Galeota to prepare young Michelangelo for a career in business. It was here, as he studied Latin, that Michelangelo met a student of painter Domenico Ghirlandaio and decided to follow his artistic desires by agreeing to apprentice in the painter's workshop.
This life-altering decision, made by a shy and ill-tempered thirteen-year-old Michelangelo, shocked and infuriated his father, who had hoped that his son would become a respected merchant and preserve the family's tenuous position in Florentine society. In the early days of the Italian Renaissance, there was a stigma associated with the practice of art because it entailed manual labor.
Michelangelo's decision to defy his father and risk his family's social standing created a distance between the two men that would haunt the artist throughout his life. Within this conflict is found an understanding of Michelangelo the artist and, more importantly, the man. Despite his intellectual and artistic accomplishments, Michelangelo led a life punctuated by intense conflict.
Soon after joining Ghirlandaio to learn the art of fresco painting, Michelangelo left his apprenticeship to study sculpture and anatomy at the school in the Medici gardens. His early success there won him an invitation to the home of Lorenzo de' Medici, the Magnificent, and, more importantly, exposed him to noted humanists, scientists, and poets who were regulars at the Medici court. Though their radical beliefs were often at odds with the artist's strong religious faith, these men of the Renaissance, among them poet Angelo Poliziano and humanist Marsilio Ficino, intrigued the young Michelangelo. Their impact is apparent even in his earliest works.
Medici Palace, Florence. At fourteen, Michelangelo began study at the sculpture school in the Medici gardens, a milieu for the intellectuals of the day.
Michelangelo felt an almost religious calling to sculpt, to unveil the spiritual significance of physical beauty. The artist believed that this was the primary manner in which God shared his grace with humanity. But his theology was not pure, and as the temptations of science and politics whispered in his creative ear, Michelangelo struggled to reconcile these influences by giving each a powerfully balanced voice in his creations.
In his personal diary, Michelangelo reflected on his first two sculptures, each a small bas-relief, noting, "Already at 16, my mind was a battlefield: my love of pagan beauty, the male nude, at war with my religious faith. A polarity of themes and forms...one spiritual, the other earthly, I've kept these carvings on the walls of my studio to this very day."
The lifelong battles with powerful patrons, the heartbreak of artistic dreams unrealized, and the anguish of failed relationships that plagued Michelangelo's personal and professional life and fueled his seven decades of artistic genius can be traced to the underlying theme of conflict that haunted the artist until his dying day.
A fierce patriot and champion of the Florentine Republic, Michelangelo was repeatedly forced to align himself against the Medici family and their dynastic ambitions for Florence in spite of their early and important patronage of his career.
Learn more about Michelangelo's struggles in the next section of this article.
To learn more about Michelangelo, art history, and other famous artists, see:
How Art Works
Artist Stephen Wiltshire Draws Entire Cities From Memory
Art From the Heart: Portraits of Honor and Love
Why Is the World So Captivated by the Mona Lisa?
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John Hannah wasn't a huge offensive Hannah made up big. See more pictures of famous football players.
Teammates nicknamed John Hannah "Ham Hocks" in college and "Hog" in the pros. Both monikers seem appropriate for Hannah. He weighed in at 11 pounds at birth, seemingly born to play football.
A standout performer at the University of Alabama, Hannah (born 1951) won eight letters in three sports. It was, however, in football that the Canton, Georgia, native was in a class by himself.
Coach Bear Bryant once said of his two-time All-American star, "John Hannah is the best offensive lineman I ever coached."
The son of Herb Hannah, who played for the New York Giants in 1951, and the brother of Charley, a tackle with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers and Los Angeles Raiders, John had football in his blood.
John was the first-round draft pick of the New England Patriots in 1973 and quickly established himself as one of the premier guards in the league. His adjustment from the straight-ahead blocking style to the drop-back blocking and pulling required of pro guards so impressed the Patriots' coaches that they made him a starter as a rookie.
He anchored a Patriots line that in 1978 helped establish an NFL record for most yards gained rushing by a team in a season (3,165). The Pats also led the league in rushing in 1982 and 1983.
At 6'3", 265 pounds, Hannah was not exactly huge for an offensive lineman, but he played "big." "With his attitude," Patriots coach Ron Erhardt said, "John Hannah could play if he had been five feet two."
Although he battled injuries throughout his career, Hannah missed only eight games out of a possible 190 contests. The NFL Players Association's four-time Offensive Lineman of the Year, "Hog" earned All-Pro honors 10 straight years and was voted to nine Pro Bowls. In 1991, with his father Herb serving as his presenter, John Hannah was enshrined in the Pro Football Hall of Fame.
To learn more about football greats, see:
Great Football Players
Great Offensive Football Players
Great Defensive Football Players
Great Football Coaches
Turk Edwards
Tom Fears
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(11) Air
Created on Friday, 26 June 2015 02:59 | | | Hits: 1744
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC - Ozone Depletion
How Have We Depleted Ozone in the Stratosphere and What Can We Do about It?
Concept 15-6A Widespread use of certain chemicals has reduced ozone levels in the stratosphere, which allows more harmful ultraviolet radiation to reach the earth’s surface.
Concept 15-6B To reverse ozone depletion, we must stop producing ozone-depleting chemicals, and adhere to the international treaties that ban such chemicals
Human Activities Threaten the Ozone Layer
A layer of ozone in the lower stratosphere keeps about 95% of the sun’s harmful UV radiation from reaching the earth’s surface. Measurements made using balloons, aircraft, and satellites show considerable seasonal depletion (thinning) of ozone concentrations in the stratosphere above Antarctica and the Arctic. Similar measurements reveal a lower overall thinning everywhere except over the tropics.
Based on these measurements and mathematical and chemical models, the overwhelming consensus of researchers in this field is that ozone depletion in the stratosphere poses a serious threat to humans, other animals, and some primary producers (mostly plants) that use sunlight to support the earth’s food webs (Concept 15-6A).
This situation began when Thomas Midgley, Jr., a General Motors chemist, discovered the first chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) in 1930. Chemists soon developed similar compounds to create a family of highly useful CFCs, known by their trade name as Freons.
These chemically unreactive, odorless, nonflammable, nontoxic, and noncorrosive compounds seemed to be dream chemicals. Inexpensive to manufacture, they became popular as coolants in air conditioners and refrigerators, propellants in aerosol spray cans, cleaners for electronic parts such as computer chips, fumigants for granaries and ship cargo holds, and bubbles in plastic foam used for insulation and packaging.
It turned out that CFCs were too good to be true. Starting in 1974 with the work of chemists Sherwood Rowland and Mario Molina (Individuals Matter, below), scientists demonstrated that CFCs are persistent chemicals that destroy protective ozone in the stratosphere. Measurements and models indicate that 75–85% of the observed ozone losses in the stratosphere since 1976 were caused by CFCs and other ozone-depleting chemicals (ODCs) released into the atmosphere by human activities beginning in the 1950s.
Ozone Levels over the Earth’s Poles Drop for a Few Months Each Year
In 1984, researchers analyzing satellite data discovered that 40–50% of the ozone in the upper stratosphere over Antarctica disappeared each year during October and November. This observed loss of ozone has been called an ozone hole. A more accurate term is ozone thinning because the ozone depletion varies with altitude and location.
When the southern hemisphere’s winter ends and partial sunlight returns to Antarctica in October, huge masses of ozone-depleted air above Antarctica flow northward and linger for a few weeks over parts of Australia, New Zealand, South America, and South Africa. This raises biologically damaging UV-B levels in these areas by 3–10% and in some years by as much as 20%. In 2006, there was a record seasonal loss of ozone over an area of Antarctica about the size of North America.
In 1988, scientists discovered that similar but usually less severe ozone thinning occurs over the Arctic from February to June, resulting in a typical ozone loss of 11–38% (compared to a typical 40–50% loss above Antarctica). When the mass of air above the Arctic breaks up each spring, large masses of ozone-depleted air flow south to linger over parts of Europe, North America, and Asia.
Models indicated that the Arctic is unlikely to develop the large-scale ozone thinning found over the Antarctic. They also project that ozone depletion over the Antarctic and Arctic will be at its worst between 2010 and 2019.
Why Should We Worry about Ozone Depletion?
Why should we care about ozone loss? One effect is that more biologically damaging UV-A and UV-B radiation will reach the earth’s surface (Concept 15-6A). This will give people worse sunburns, more eye cataracts, and more skin cancers.
The most dangerous type of skin cancer is malignant melanoma. It kills about one-fourth of its victims (younger than age 40) within 5 years, despite surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation treatments. Each year it kills at least 48,000 people (including 7,700 Americans), mostly Caucasians, and the number of cases and deaths is rising in many countries. People who experience three or more blistering sunburns before age 20 are five times more likely to develop malignant melanoma than are those who have never had severe sunburns.
The most serious threat from ozone depletion is that the resulting increase in UV radiation can impair or destroy phytoplankton, especially in Antarctic waters. These tiny marine plants play a key role in removing CO2 from the atmosphere and when they die and sink to the ocean floor, they take their carbon out of circulation for millions of years as a part of the carbon cycle.
Furthermore, ozone depletion and global warming can interact to further decrease the vital populations of phytoplankton in Antarctic waters. Scientists project that global warming can slow down the upwelling of nutrients that support these populations of phytoplankton. In other words, populations of Antarctic phytoplankton could decrease sharply because of a combination of fewer nutrients and increased UV radiation.
We Can Reverse Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
According to researchers in this field, we should immediately stop producing all ODCs (Concept 15-6B). However, even with immediate and sustained action, models indicate it will take about 60 years for the ozone layer to return to 1980 levels and about 100 years for recovery to pre-1950 levels. Good news. Substitutes are available for most uses of CFCs, and others are being developed. In 1987, representatives of 36 nations met in Montreal, Canada, and developed the Montreal Protocol. This treaty’s goal was to cut emissions of CFCs (but not other ODCs) by about 35% between 1989 and 2000. After hearing more bad news about seasonal ozone thinning above Antarctica in 1989, representatives of 93 countries met in London in 1990 and then in Copenhagen, Denmark, in 1992. They adopted the Copenhagen Protocol, an amendment that accelerated phasing out key ODCs. These landmark international agreements, now signed by 189 countries, are important examples of global cooperation in response to a serious global environmental problem. If nations continue to follow these agreements, ozone levels should return to 1980 levels by 2068 (18 years longer than originally projected) and to 1950 levels by 2100 (Concept 15-6B). The longer healing time results from a connection between global warming of the troposphere and repair of the ozone layer.Warming of the troposphere makes the stratosphere cooler, which slows down the rate of its ozone repair.
The ozone protocols set an important precedent by using prevention to solve a serious environmental problem. Nations and companies agreed to work together to solve this global problem for three reasons. First, there was convincing and dramatic scientific evidence of a serious problem. Second, CFCs were produced by a small number of international companies. Third, the certainty that CFC sales would decline over a period of years unleashed the economic and creative resources of the private sector to find even more profitable substitute chemicals. However, the most widely used substitutes cause some ozone depletion and must also be phased out.
Sherwood Rowland and Mario Molina-A Scientific Story of Courage and Persistence
In 1974, calculations by chemists Sherwood Rowland and Mario Molina at the University of California–Irvine indicated that CFCs were lowering the average concentration of ozone in the stratosphere. They shocked both the scientific community and the $28-billion-per-year CFC industry by calling for an immediate ban of CFCs in spray cans, for which substitutes were available.
The research of these two scientists led them to four major conclusions. First, these persistent CFCs remain in the atmosphere. Second, over 11–20 years these compounds rise into the stratosphere through convection, random drift, and the turbulent mixing of air in the lower atmosphere.
Third, once they reach the stratosphere, the CFC molecules break down under the influence of high-energy UV radiation. This releases highly reactive chlorine atoms (Cl), as well as atoms of fluorine (F) and bromine (Br), all of which accelerate the breakdown of ozone (O3) into O2 and O in a cyclic chain of chemical reactions. As a consequence, ozone is destroyed faster than it forms in some parts of the stratosphere.
Fourth, each CFC molecule can last in the stratosphere for 65–385 years, depending on
its type. During that time, each chlorine atom released during the breakdown of CFC can
convert hundreds of O3 molecules to O2. The CFC industry, a powerful, well-funded adversary with a lot of profits and jobs at stake (led by DuPont), attacked Rowland’s and Molina’s calculations and conclusions. The two researchers held their ground, expanded their research, and explained their results to other scientists, elected officials, and the media. After 14 years of delaying tactics, DuPont officials acknowledged in 1988 that CFCs were depleting the ozone layer and they agreed to stop producing them.
In 1995, Rowland and Molina received the Nobel Prize in chemistry for their work. In awarding the prize, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences said that they contributed to “our salvation from a global environmental problem that could have catastrophic consequences.”
NATURAL CAPITAL DEGRADATION
Effects of Ozone Depletion Human Health
Worse sunburns
More eye cataracts
More skin cancers
Immune system suppression
Food and Forests
Reduced yields for some crops
Reduced seafood supplies from reduced phytoplankton
Decreased forest productivity for UV-sensitive tree species
Increased eye cataracts in some species
Decreased populations of aquatic species sensitive to
Reduced populations of surface phytoplankton
Disrupted aquatic food webs from reduced phytoplankton
Air Pollution and Materials
Increased acid deposition
Increased photochemical smog
Degradation of outdoor paints and plastics
While in troposphere, CFCs act as greenhouse gases
Reducing Exposure to UV Radiation
Stay out of the sun, especially between 10 A.M. and 3 P.M.
Do not use tanning parlors or sunlamps.
When in the sun, wear protective clothing and sunglasses that protect against UV-A and UV-B radiation.
Be aware that overcast skies do not protect you.
Do not expose yourself to the sun if you are taking antibiotics or birth control pills.
When in the sun, use a sunscreen with a protection factor of at least 15.
Examine your skin and scalp at least once a month for moles or warts that change in size, shape, or color and sores that keep oozing, bleeding, and crusting over. If you observe any of these signs, consult a doctor immediately.
Volcanic Eruptions, Climate Change, and Sustainability
We have seen that human activities play a major role in warming the troposphere and depleting ozone in the stratosphere. Occasional large volcanic eruptions also emit CO2 and other pollutants into the lower atmosphere. But about three-fourths of current emissions of CO2 come from human activities, especially the burning of fossil fuels. Thus, energy policy and climate policy are closely connected. The four scientific principles of sustainability can be used to help reduce the problems of air pollution, global warming, and stratospheric ozone depletion. We can reduce reduce inputs of air pollutants, greenhouse gases, and ODCs into the atmosphere by relying more on direct and indirect forms of solar energy than on fossils fuels; reducing the waste of matter and energy resources and recycling and reusing matter resources; mimicking biodiversity by using a diversity of carbon-free renewable energy resources based on local or regional availability; and reducing human population growth and wasteful resource consumption.
We can also find substitutes for ODCs and emphasize pollution prevention. Each of us has an important role to play in protecting the atmosphere that sustains life and supports our economies.
(9) Air Pollution
Created on Tuesday, 26 May 2015 08:55 | | | Hits: 1510
Air Pollution Causes, Effects And Solutions!
What Can We Do about Global Warming?
CONCEPT 15-5A We can slow the rate of warming and climate change by increasing energy efficiency, relying more on renewable energy resources, greatly reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and slowing population growth.
CONCEPT 15-5B Governments can subsidize energy efficiency and renewable energy use, tax greenhouse gas emissions, and cooperate internationally, and individuals and institutions can sharply reduce their greenhouse gas emissions.
Dealing with Climate Change Is Difficult
What to do about climate change on the only planet we have should be one of the most urgent scientific, political, and ethical issues of this century. But the following characteristics of the problem make it difficult to deal with:
• The problem is global. Dealing with this threat will require unprecedented international cooperation.
• The effects will last a long time. Once climate change is set into motion, its effects will last hundreds to thousands of years.
• The problem is a long-term political issue. Voters and elected officials generally respond well to short-term problems, but have difficulty acknowledging and coping with long-term threats.
• The harmful and beneficial impacts of climate change are not spread evenly. There will be winners and losers from moderate climate change. Winning nations are less likely to bring about controversial changes or spend large sums of money to slow down something that will benefit them.
The catch:
We will not know who will benefit and who will suffer until it is too late to avoid harmful effects, and at some temperature threshhold, essentially everyone will be harmed.
• Many actions that might reduce the threat of climate change, such as phasing out fossil fuels, are controversial because they can disrupt economies and lifestyles.
Despite these problems, most climate experts argue that the world must face up to the urgent problem of global climate change. This will require reaching a political tipping point in which individuals and elected officials shift from ignorance and denial to awareness and urgent action to deal with this serious threat.
What Are Our Options?
There are two basic approaches to global warming. One is to drastically reduce greenhouse gas emissions to slow down the rate of temperature increase and to shift to noncarbon-based energy options in time to prevent runaway positive feedback processes that set into motion major climate changes. The other is to recognize that some warming is unavoidable and to devise strategies to reduce its harmful effects. Most analysts believe
we need a mix of both approaches. In 2005, national academies of sciences from the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, Italy, France, Russia, Japan, Canada, Brazil, China, and India joined together in an unprecedented statement saying that the scientific evidence on global climate change is clear enough for government leaders to commit to prompt action now. Any delay, they said, “will increase environmental damage and likely incur a greater cost.”
In 2006, then U.N. Secretary General Kofi Annan said: “Let there be no more denial. Let no one say we cannot afford to act. It is increasingly clear that it will cost far less to cut greenhouse gas emissions now than to deal with the consequences later. And let there be no more talk of waiting until we know more. . . . The question is not whether climate change is happening or not, but whether, in the face of this emergency, we ourselves can change fast enough.”
We Can Reduce the Threat of Global Warming
The good news is that we know what to do to slow the rate and degree of global warming caused by our activities. These solutions come down to four major strategies: improve energy efficiency to reduce fossil fuel use; shift from nonrenewable carbon-based fossil fuels to carbon-free renewable energy resources; stop cutting down tropical forests; and capture and store as much CO2 as possible in soil, vegetation, underground, and in the deep ocean (Concept 15-5A). The effectiveness of these strategies would be enhanced by reducing population, which would decrease the number of fossil fuel consumers and CO2 emitters, and by reducing poverty, which would decrease the need of the poor to clear more land for crops and fuelwood. These strategies follow the four scientific principles of sustainability.
Prevention – Cleanup
Cut fossil fuel use (especially coal)
Shift from coal to natural gas
Improve energy efficiency
Shift to renewable energy resources
Transfer energy efficiency and renewable energy technologies to developing countries
Reduce deforestation
Use more sustainable agriculture and forestry
Limit urban sprawl
Reduce poverty
Slow population growth
Remove CO2 from smokestack and vehicle emissions
Store (sequester) CO2 by planting trees
Sequester CO2 deep underground
Sequester CO2 in soil by using no-till cultivation andtaking cropland out of production
Sequester CO2 in the deep ocean
Repair leaky natural gas pipelines and facilities
Use animal feeds that reduce CH4 emissions from cows (belching and flatulence)
Methods for slowing atmospheric warming during this century (Concept 15-5A). Question: Which five of these solutions do you think are the most important? Why
Let us look more closely at some of these possible solutions.
Solutions: methods for removing some of the carbon dioxide from the atmosphere or from smokestacks and storing it in plants, soil, deep underground reservoirs, and the deep ocean. Question: Which two of these solutions do you think are the most important? Why?
Is Capturing and Storing CO2 the Answer?
Have several techniques for removing some of the CO2 from the atmosphere and from smokestacks and storing (sequestering) it in other parts of the environment. One way is to plant trees to store it in biomass while controlling insects and diseases that kill trees. But this is a temporary approach, because trees release their stored CO2 back into the atmosphere when they die and decompose or if they burn.
Planting large numbers of carbon-storing trees in tropical areas and slowing tropical deforestation can help slow global warming by absorbing carbon dioxide and evaporating water into the atmosphere, which increases cloudiness and helps cool the atmosphere above them. But a 2006 study by a team of scientists from Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, Université Montpeller II, and the Carnegie Institution found that planting more trees in temperate regions such as the United States and Europe may enhance global warming.
Their models showed that the less dense canopies of these temperate forests reflect less sun light, absorb more heat, and evaporate much less cloudforming water vapor than tropical forests. Thus, they can warm the ground below and contribute to global warming.
A second approach is to plant large areas with fastgrowing plants such as switchgrass that can remove CO2 from the air and store it in the soil. But warmer temperatures can increase decomposition in soils and return some of this CO2 to the atmosphere.
A third strategy is to reduce the release of carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide from soil. This can be done through no-till cultivation and by setting aside degraded crop fields as conservation reserves.
A fourth approach is to remove some of the CO2 from smokestacks and pump it deep underground into unmineable coal seams and abandoned oil fields or to liquefy it and inject it into thick sediments under the sea floor. Cleaner coal-fired power plants that could remove some of the CO2 from smokestack emissions could be built within 5–10 years. But they are much more expensive to build and operate than conventional coal-burning plants are and thus would raise the price of electricity for consumers.
Without strict government regulation of CO2 emissions and carbon taxes or carbon-trading schemes, utilities and industries have no incentive to build such plants. According to the U.S. Department of Energy, the cur rent costs of carbon capture and storage systems have to be reduced by a factor of ten for these systems to be available and widely used.
Scientists say that no country should build any more traditional coal-burning power plants unless they are designed to be able to capture and store most of the CO2 they emit. China and India worry that making a shift to cleaner technologies will slow their economic growth by raising costs. But Rob Watson, an expert on China’s environmental problems, points out that leaders of China and India need to recognize that going green is an opportunity to save money by reducing pollution and resource waste and to make money by developing low-cost innovative solutions to environmental problems that can be sold in the global marketplace.
Governments Can Help Reduce the Threat of Climate Change
Governments can use four major methods to promote the solutions (Concept 15-5B). One is to regulate carbon dioxide as a pollutant. Second, governments could phase in carbon taxes on each unit of CO2 emitted by fossil fuel use or energy taxes on each unit of fossil fuel that is burned. Decreasing taxes on income, labor, and profits to offset such taxes could help make such a strategy more politically acceptable. In other words, tax pollution, not payrolls. In 2006, voters in the U.S. city of Boulder, Colorado, approved a plan to charge residences and businesses a carbon tax based on how much electricity they use.
The tax revenues will fund energy audits for homes and businesses and visits by energy experts to provide information on ways to save energy. Residents choosing to use electricity produced by wind power will not have to pay the tax.
A related approach is to place a cap on total CO2 emissions in a country or region, to issue permits to release CO2, and then to let polluters trade their permits in the marketplace. This cap-and-trade strategy has a political advantage, but it would be difficult to manage because there are so many CO2 emitters including industries, power plants, motor vehicles, buildings, and homes. A third strategy is to level the economic playing field by greatly increasing government subsidies to businesses and individuals for using energy-efficiency technologies, carbon-free renewable-energy technologies, carbon capture and storage, and more sustainable agriculture.
This would also include phasing out or sharply reducing subsidies and tax breaks for using fossil fuels, nuclear power, and unsustainable agriculture. A fourth strategy would focus on technology transfer. Governments of developed countries could help fund the transfer of the latest green technologies to develop developing countries, which can then bypass older energywasting and polluting technologies. Increasing the current tax on each international currency transaction by a quarter of a penny could finance this technology transfer, which would then generate wealth for developing countries and help stimulate a more environmentally sustainable global economy.
Governments Can Enter into International Climate Negotiations: The Kyoto Protocol
In December 1997, more than 2,200 delegates from 161 nations met in Kyoto, Japan, to negotiate a treaty to help slow global warming. The first phase of the resulting Kyoto Protocol went into effect in January 2005 with 189 countries (not including the United States and Australia) and the U.S states of California and Maine participating in the agreement. It requires 38 participating developed countries to cut their emissions of CO2, CH4, and N2O to an average of at least 5.2% below their 1990 levels by 2012. Developing countries were excluded from having to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in this first phase because such reductions would curb their economic growth. In 2005, countries began negotiating a second phase that is supposed to go into effect after 2012.
The protocol also allows trading of greenhouse gas emissions among participating countries. For example, a country or business that reduces its CO2 emissions or plants trees receives a certain number of credits. It can use these credits to avoid having to reduce its emissions in other areas, or it can bank them for future use or sell them to other countries or businesses.
Some analysts praise the Kyoto agreement as a small but important step in attempting to slow projected global warming. They hope that rapidly developing nations such as China, Brazil, and India will agree to reduce their greenhouse gases in the second phase of the protocol. Others see the agreement as a weak and slow response to an urgent global problem.
In 2001, President George W. Bush withdrew U.S. participation from the Kyoto Protocol, arguing that participation would harm the U.S. economy. He also objected to the agreement because it does not require emissions reductions by developing countries such as China and India, which produce large and increasing emissions of greenhouse gases.
Most analysts believe that the United States, which has the second highest CO2 emissions and highest per capita emissions of any country, should use its influence to improve the treaty rather than to weaken and abandon it. A 2006 poll by the nonprofit, nonpartisan Civil Society Institute found that 83% of Americans want more leadership from the federal government in dealing with the threat of global warming.
In 2007, the European Union put climate change at the center of its foreign policy and began focusing on developing a new treaty with China that emphasizes sharp reductions in greenhouse gas emissions.
We Can Move beyond the Kyoto Protocol
In 2004, environmental law experts Richard B. Stewart and Jonathan B. Wiener proposed that countries work together to develop a new strategy for slowing global warming. They concluded that the Kyoto Protocol will have little effect on future global warming without support and action by the United States, China, and India.
In 2005, China, India, and other developing countries accounted for 37% of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions. By 2050, the International Energy Agency projects that their share could be 55%. Stewart and Wiener urge the development of a new climate treaty among the United States, China, India, Russia, Australia, Japan, South Korea, the European Union, and other major greenhouse gas emitters. The treaty would also create an emissions trading program that includes developing countries omitted from the trading plan under the first phase of the Kyoto Protocol. In addition, it would set achievable 10-year goals for reducing emissions over the next 40 years and evaluate global and national strategies for adapting to the harmful ecological and economic effects of global warming.
Some Governments, Businesses, and Schools Are Leading the Way
Some governments, businesses, and schools are tackling climate change problems on their own (Concept 15-5B). In 2005, the European Commission proposed a plan to increase the European Union’s use of renewable energy to 12% by 2010 and cut energy use by 20% by 2020. Together these two achievements would cut EU carbon dioxide emissions by nearly one-third. Since 1990, local governments in more than 600 cities around the world (including 330 U.S. cities) have established programs to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. The first major U.S. city to tackle global warming was Portland, Oregon. Between 1993 and 2005, the city cut its greenhouse gas emissions back to 1990 levels, while national levels rose by 16%. The city promotes energy-efficient buildings and the use of electricity from wind and solar sources. It has also built bicycle trails and greatly expanded mass transit. Far from hurting its economy, Portland has experienced an economic boom, saving $2 million a year on city energy bills.
In 2006, California, with the world’s sixth largest economy, passed a law to cut its greenhouse gas emissions to 1990 levels (a 25% reduction) by 2020 and to 80% below 1990 levels by 2050. The EPA sued California, arguing that EPA and thus the state had no legal right to regulate CO2 emissions. But California won this Supreme Court case, and at least ten other states plan to adopt its standards.
In 2007, the premier of British Columbia, Canada, stated that he would cut CO2 emissions by a third by building no more coal plants, embracing wind power, toughening car emission standards, reducing pollution by the powerful oil and gas industry, and leasing hybrid cars for government use. He proposed making British Columbia the continent’s greenest spot. He also proposed forming an alliance with California to create a Pacific Coast bloc of provinces and states to deal with climate change without waiting for their federal governments to act.
A growing number of major global companies, such as Alcoa, DuPont, IBM, Toyota, General Electric, and British Petroleum (BP), have established targets to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions by 10–65% from 1990 levels by 2010. Since 1990, the chemical company DuPont has slashed its energy usage and cut its greenhouse emissions by 72%. In the process, it has saved $3 billion while increasing its business by 30%.
General Electric, BP America, Duke Energy, Caterpillar, Pacific Gas and Electric, Wal-Mart, and some firms managing large pension funds are among several major companies that in 2007 urged the U.S. Congress to regulate CO2 as a pollutant and impose mandatory carbon-emission caps on all U.S. businesses.
The goal would be to reduce U.S. greenhouse gas emissions by 60–90% from 1990 levels, mostly by using a cap-and-trade system. Such companies have established the Global Roundtable on Climate Change. Individuals can send a message to politicians and business leaders around the world by visiting the roundtable’s website at www.nextgenerationearth.org . These and many other major companies see an enormous profit opportunity by going green and developing energy-efficient and clean-energy technologies such as fuel-efficient cars, wind turbines, solar-cell panels, biofuels, and coal gasification and carbon removal and storage technologies. A 2006 study found that companies lagging behind in these efforts are putting their stockholders at risk of losses and lawsuits for failure to take advantage of the rapidly growing international marketplace for green technologies.
Some colleges and universities are also taking action. Students and faculty at Oberlin College in Ohio (USA) have asked their board of trustees to reduce the college’s CO2 emissions to zero by 2020 by buying or producing renewable energy. In the U.S. state of Pennsylvania, 25 colleges have joined to purchase wind power and other forms of carbon-free renewable energy. In 2005, the president of Yale University committed the school to cutting its considerable greenhouse gas emissions 44% by 2020. The student Task Force for Environmental Partnership handed out 2,000 compact fluorescent light bulbs in exchange for incandescent light bulbs. The program paid for itself in four months through the savings on electric bills.
You can go to sites like www.gocarbonzero.org nature www.org/climatecalculator , www.carbonfootprint.com, and www.climatecrisis.net/takeaction/carboncalculator to calculate your carbon footprint: the amount of carbon dioxide you generate. Most of these websites and others such as www.climatecare.org www.nativeenergy.com , www.myclimate.com , www.carbon-clear.com and www.clean-air-coolplanet.org suggest ways for you to offset some of your carbon dioxide emissions.
However, critics of such carbon-offset schemes say that most of them are primarily ways to ease consumer guilt while encouraging individuals to continue producing greenhouse gases instead of making carboncutting lifestyle changes.
We Can Prepare for Global Warming
According to the latest global climate models, the world needs to make a 60–80% cut in emissions of greenhouse gases by 2050 (some say by 2020) to stabilize their concentrations in the atmosphere. However, because of the difficulty of making such large reductions, many analysts believe that, at the same time, we should begin to prepare for the possible harmful effects of long-term atmospheric warming and climate change. However, critics fear that emphasizing this approach will decrease the more urgent need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Drive a fuel-efficient car, walk, bike, carpool, and use mass transit
Use energy-efficient windows
Use energy-efficient appliances and lights
Heavily insulate your house and seal all air leaks
Reduce garbage by recycling and reusing more items
Insulate your hot water heater
Use compact fluorescent light bulbs
Plant trees to shade your house during summer
Set your water heater no higher than 49°C (120°F)
Wash laundry in warm or cold water
Use a low-flow shower head
Buy products from, or invest in, companies that are trying to reduce their impact on climate
(9) Air
Created on Tuesday, 24 March 2015 06:25 | | | Hits: 1754
The structure of our atmosphere
THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATMOSPHERE
Atmospheric Structure
The late astronomer and author Carl Sagan (1934-1996) famously described Earth when viewed from deep space as ‘‘a pale blue dot.’’ His description, which was intended to highlight the fragility of the planet, points out the visual effect of Earth’s atmosphere. Viewed from space, the optical properties of the atmosphere surrounding Earth haloes the planet in a thin film of blue.
Compared to Earth’s diameter, which averages about 7,800 mi (12,550 km), the atmosphere, which peters out to the near-vacuum of space at an altitude of approximately 620 mi (1,000 km), is paper-thin. Furthermore, most of the planet’s weather is accounted for by the regions of the atmosphere within 35 mi (56 km) of the surface.
The atmosphere of the primordial Earth was different in composition from the atmosphere that cocoons the planet now. The appearance and evolution of life on Earth influenced atmospheric structure. The susceptibility of the atmosphere to change is the root of global warming, which all but a small minority of climate researchers now concede is a consequence of human activities.
Historical Background and Scientific Foundations
Earth is about 4.5 billion years old. The newly formed planet had no atmosphere, but as the planet cooled, the release of various gases created an atmosphere that was likely very different from that of the present day.
Although the composition of this primordial atmosphere is still debatable, the majority of scientists who study the early climate agree that the atmosphere was probably rich in carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), and lacked oxygen (O). As life began, the atmosphere changed, with carbon dioxide (CO2) decreasing and oxygen appearing and accumulating.
The present-day atmosphere consists predominantly of nitrogen (an average of 78% of the total material) andoxygen (average of 21%). The remaining 1% of the atmosphere consists of the so-called trace gases-argon (Ar), helium (He), hydrogen (H), krypton (Kr), neon (Ne), methane (CH4), ozone (O3), and xenon (Xe)-as well as carbon dioxide and water vapor.
The atmosphere is not a single layer. Rather, it consists of regions that are separated from one another by narrow zones of transition. The atmosphere gives way to space at an altitude of approximately 620 mi (1,000 km).
The atmosphere is also not uniform in the density of the constituent gases. Instead, over 99% of the mass of the atmosphere is concentrated within 25 mi (40 km) of Earth’s surface. Finally, the atmosphere is not uniform in temperature. As anyone who has climbed a mountain can attest, air temperature decreases with altitude, as the heat-absorbing gases become more dilute. Atmospheric temperature drops by about 11ºF (6ºC) for every 0.6 mi (1 km) of altitude in the atmospheric layer immediately above Earth’s surface.
This layer is called the troposphere. The upper range of the troposphere varies depending on latitude. At higher latitudes, it is about 5 mi (8 km) high, while at the equator it is upwards of 11 mi (18 km) high. The troposphere contains almost all (99%) of the atmospheric water vapor. Again, there is geographic variation, with water vapor concentration being up to 3% of total atmospheric content above the equator, but less toward the poles.
Weather occurs exclusively in the troposphere. Indeed, the meaning of the word troposphere (‘‘region of mixing’’) reflects the importance of air currents in this layer. Pollutants that enter the troposphere will be evenly dispersed within days; some of the chemicals will return to the surface in precipitation, as occurs in acid rain.
The troposphere is separated from the next layer of the atmosphere, the stratosphere, by a thin transition region called the tropopause. The stratosphere is approximately 25 mi (40 km) thick. It begins about 6.3 mi (10 km) above Earth’s surface, 1.5 mi (2.4 km) above the peak of Mt. Everest. Commercial aircraft cruise at altitudes that are in the lower to middle portions of the stratosphere.
The temperature within the stratosphere also varies with height, but in a different pattern to that of the troposphere. The temperature does not vary up to an altitude of about 15 mi (24 km), after which it gradually increases until reaching the next atmospheric transition zone, which is called the stratopause. This temperature pattern, with warmer air overlying colder air, is known as an inversion. Glimpsing a towering thunderhead on a summer’s day provides a visual example of the influence of the inversion; the thunderhead flattens off when the warm rising air in the cumulus cloud contacts the cooler air in the lower stratosphere, which halts the rising of the air.
The increasing temperature with altitude in the stratosphere acts to make this layer more stable than the underlying troposphere. Another contributor to this stability, and the reason for the stratospheric temperature inversion, is ozone. Ozone is a three-oxygen compound that absorbs incoming ultraviolet radiation from sunlight. This retention of heat is what maintains temperature with increasing altitude.
Beyond the stratopause lies the mesosphere. This atmospheric layer extends to approximately 50 mi (80 km) above the surface. There is little water vapor or ozone in this layer, hence, temperatures are low and keep decreasing with altitude. As well, the levels of oxycruise at altitudes that are in the lower to middle portions of the stratosphere.
Beyond the stratopause lies the mesosphere. This atmospheric layer extends to approximately 50 mi (80 km) above the surface. There is little water vapor or ozone in this layer, hence, temperatures are low and keep decreasing with altitude. As well, the levels of oxygen and nitrogen are far less than in the troposphere and stratosphere; mesospheric air pressure (the number of atoms per given area) is 1,000 times less than air pressure at sea level.
A transition layer called the mesopause separates the mesosphere from the thermosphere. The thermosphere extends to about 75 mi (121 km) above Earth’s surface. The thermosphere is home to the International Space Station and orbits of the space shuttle.
The final layer of the atmosphere is the exosphere. Beyond lies the near-vacuum of space.
Impacts and Issues
Because regions of the atmosphere determine weather patterns and the global climate, atmospheric changes can be profound. The documented increase in the atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), methane, and nitrous oxide (N2O), which are collectively known as greenhouse gases, is driving an increase in the temperature of the troposphere that has been termed global warming.
The final greenhouse compound is ozone. Degradation of ozone in the stratosphere has been accelerated from the naturally occurring rate due to the presence of human-made compounds including CFCs and hydro chlorofluorocarbons (which are used in air conditioners, refrigerators, and aerosol cans), halons (an ingredient of fire extinguishers), methyl chloroform (C2H3Cl3), and methyl bromide (CH3Br) is allowing more ultraviolet light to reach Earth’s surface.
The energy of ultraviolet light is sufficient to permit the light to penetrate into the upper layers of the skin and even to slice apart the genetic material inside cells. Consequences include skin damage such as sunburn and, more ominously, the increased tendency of the genetically damaged cells to become cancerous.
Although in the past it was argued that global warming was a natural phenomenon, only a tiny minority of scientists continue to hold this view. The vast majority of scientists now accept that human activities are at the heart of global warming today.
For example, carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere by the burning of fossil fuels and the burning of felled lumber from deforested regions, as two examples, account for almost half of the atmospheric warming caused by human activity. In another example, the build-up of CFCs not only stimulates ozone breakdown, but increases the retention of heat, since CFCs are a powerful greenhouse gas. Indeed, one molecule of CFC has about 20,000 times the heat-trapping power as a molecule of carbon dioxide.
The pollution of the atmosphere near Earth’s surface with noxious compounds can be unhealthy. An example from 2007 is Beijing, China. Air pollution in Beijing, which is mainly caused by the millions of vehicles operating daily in the mega-city, has become a great concern to officials of the International Olympic Committee responsible for ensuring that Beijing is ready to host the Summer Olympics in 2008. Events such as the marathon may need to be shifted to early morning, when air pollution is less. Alternatively, the government has proposed a ban on all vehicles in Beijing during the games.
Acid Rain: A form of precipitation that is significantly more acidic than neutral water, often produced as the result of industrial processes.
Chlorofluorocarbons: Members of the larger group of compounds termed halocarbons. All halocarbons contain carbon and halons (chlorine, fluorine, or bromine). When released into the atmosphere, CFCs and other halocarbons deplete the ozone layer and have high global warming potential.
Fossil Fuels: Fuels formed by biological processes and transformed into solid or fluid minerals over geological time. Fossil fuels include coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Fossil fuels are nonrenewable on the timescale of human civilization, because their natural replenishment would take many millions of years.
Inversion: A type of chromosomal defect in which a broken segment of a chromosome attaches to the same chromosome, but in reverse position.
Ozone: An almost colorless, gaseous form of oxygen with an odor similar to weak chlorine. A relatively unstable compound of three atoms of oxygen, ozone constitutes, on average, less than one part per million (ppm) of the gases in the atmosphere. (Peak ozone concentration in the stratosphere can get as high as 10 ppm.) Yet ozone in the stratosphere absorbs nearly all of the biologically damaging solar ultraviolet radiation before it reaches Earth’s surface, where it can cause skin cancer, cataracts, and immune deficiencies, and can harm crops and aquatic ecosystems.
Trace Gases: Gases present in Earth’s atmosphere in trace (relatively very small) amounts. All greenhouse gases happen to be trace gases, though some are more abundant than others; the most abundant greenhouse gases are CO2 (0.037% of the atmosphere) and water vapor (0.25% of the atmosphere, on average).
Water Vapor: The most abundant greenhouse gas, it is the water present in the atmosphere in gaseous form. Water vapor is an important part of the natural greenhouse effect. Although humans are not significantly increasing its concentration, it contributes to the enhanced greenhouse effect because the warming influence of greenhouse gases leads to a positive water vapor feedback. In addition to its role as a natural greenhouse gas, water vapor plays an important role in regulating the temperature of the planet because clouds form when excess water vapor in the atmosphere condenses to form ice and water droplets and precipitation.
Barry, Roger G. Atmosphere, Weather and Climate. Oxford, U.K.: Routledge, 2003.
Lutgens, Frederick K., Edward J. Tarbuck, and Dennis Tasa. The Atmosphere: An Introduction to Meteorology. New York: Prentice Hall, 2006.
Trefil, Calvo. Earth’s Atmosphere. Geneva, IL: McDougal Littell, 2005.
Ward, Peter. Out of Thin Air: Dinosaurs, Birds, and Earth’s Ancient Atmosphere. Washington, DC: Joseph Henry Press, 2006.
Created on Monday, 06 October 2014 11:48 | | | Hits: 1980
Air Pollution Causes More than 6 Million Deaths Worldwide
Air quality to suffer with global warming
Air Quality and Climate Change
Air Pollution - Comes From Many Sources
What Are Some Possible Effects of a Warmer Atmosphere?
CONCEPT 15-4 Some areas will benefit from a warmer climate and others will suffer from melting ice, rising sea levels, more extreme weather events, increased drought and floods, and shifts in locations of wildlife habitats and agricultural areas.
Global Warming Can Have Harmful and Beneficial Effects
A warmer global climate could have a number of harmful and beneficial effects for humans, other species, and ecosystems, depending mostly on where they are located and on how rapidly the temperature changes. Some areas will benefit because of less severe winters, more precipitation in some dry areas, less precipitation in wet areas, and increased food production.
Other areas will suffer harm from excessive heat, drought, and decreased food production (Concept 15-4).
According to the IPCC, the world’s poor, who are least responsible for global warming, and wild species in the tropics (especially Africa and parts of Asia) will suffer the most harm.
According to a study by Agiuo Dai and his colleagues, between 1979 and 2002, the area of the earth’s land (excluding Antarctica) experiencing severe drought tripled and affected an area the size of Asia, mostly because of global warming. This browning of the land is expected to increase sharply and decrease water supplies and biodiversity in many areas. According to the 2007 IPCC report, hundreds of millions of people would suffer from water scarcity, with just a small rise in temperatures. However, if the average temperature rose by more that 4 C°(7 F°), 1.1 to 3.2 billion people might suffer from water shortages. According to the IPCC, areas projected to have increased drought by 2080–2099 include the western United States, the Mediterranean basin, southern Africa, southern and eastern Australia, and northeastern Brazil. The same report projected more days of heavy rain with increased flooding in areas of Canada, most of Europe, and the northern parts of the United States.
RESEARCH FRONTIER
Predicting the effects of global warming in different parts of the world
Ice and Snow Are Melting in the Arctic
Environmental scientists are alarmed by recent news that parts of the Arctic are warming two to three times faster than the rest of the earth. Over the past 30 years, snow cover in the Arctic has declined by about 10%, mountain glaciers are melting and retreating, and permafrost is beginning to thaw in some areas. The melting of such reflective ice and snow exposes much darker land and water, which absorb more solar energy, and accelerates global warming.
In 2006, the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration issued a State of the Arctic report in which researchers predicted Arctic summers without floating sea ice by 2040 and perhaps much earlier. Because sea ice floats, it does not contribute to a rising sea level when it melts. However, open water reflects much less sunlight and absorbs more heat than do reflective ice or snow. Hence, floating ice turning to water during the Arctic summer will accelerate the warming of the lower atmosphere. The Arctic’s contribution to a rising sea level will come from land-based ice and snow that melts and runs into the sea. This is especially true in Greenland, a large mountainous island, which is covered almost completely by glaciers that are up to 3.2 kilometers (2 miles) deep. These glaciers contain about 10% of the world’s freshwater-enough water to raise the global sea level by as much as 7 meters (23 feet) if the glaciers all melt. This would flood many coastal cities and large areas of farmland.
Until recently scientific models of Greenland assumed that this huge solid block of ice would take thousands of years to melt. But recent satellite measurements made by scientists at the University of Kansas Jet Propulsion Laboratory show that Greenland’s net loss of ice more than doubled between 1996 and 2006 and is not being replaced by increased snowfall. Even partial melting will accelerate the projected average sea level rise during this century. Some climate scientists, such as James Hansen (Core Case Study), warn that once Greenland’s glacier starts to disintegrate they could reach a tipping point beyond which the breakup would occur very rapidly.
Mountaintop glaciers are affected by two climatic factors: snowfall that adds to their mass during the winter and warm temperatures that spur melting during the summer. As temperatures go up, melting exceeds snowfall and the glaciers begin receding. During the last 25 years, many of the world’s mountaintop glaciers have been melting and shrinking at accelerating rates. For example, climate models predict that by 2070, Glacier National Park in the United States will have no glaciers. In 2007, scientists projected that at their current rate of melting most glaciers will disappear from Europe’s Alps somewhere between 2037 and 2059. As mountain glaciers disappear, at least 300 million people in countries such as Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, and India, who rely on meltwater from such glaciers could face severe water shortages.
Sea Levels Are Rising
According to the 2007 IPCC report, the world’s average sea level is very likely (90-99% certainty) to rise 8–59 centimeters (0.6–1.9 feet) during this century-about two-thirds of it from the expansion of water as it warms, and the other third from the melting of land-based ice.
However, larger rises in sea levels of up to 1 meter (39 inches) by 2100 cannot be ruled out if glaciers in Greenland reach a tipping point and continue melting at their current or higher rates as the atmosphere warms.
According to the IPCC, the projected increases in sea levels during this century could:
Threaten at least one third of the world’s coastal estuaries, wetlands, and coral reefs,
Disrupt many of the world’s coastal fisheries,
Flood low-lying barrier islands and cause gently sloping coastlines (especially on the U.S. East Coast) to erode and retreat inland,
Flood agricultural lowlands and deltas in coastal areas where much of the world’s rice is grown,
Contaminate freshwater coastal aquifers with saltwater,
Submerge some low-lying islands in the Pacific Ocean, the Caribbean Sea, and the Indian Ocean, and
Flood coastal areas, including some of the world’s largest cities, and displace at least 100 million people, especially in China, India, Bangladesh, Vietnam, Indonesia, and Japan.
Permafrost Is Melting: Another Dangerous Scenario
Global warming could be accelerated by an increased release of methane (a greenhouse gas 23 times more potent, per volume, than carbon dioxide) from four major sources: natural decay in swamps and other freshwater wetlands, decay from garbage in landfills, melting permafrost in soils and lake beds, and ice-like compounds called methane hydrates trapped beneath arctic permafrost and on the deep ocean floor.
The amount of carbon locked up as methane in permafrost soils is 50–60 times the amount emitted as car bon dioxide from burning fossil fuels each year. Significant amounts of methane and carbon dioxide would be released into the atmosphere if the permafrost in arctic areas melts. This is already happening on a small scale in parts of North America and Asia, and as the earth gets warmer, it could accelerate. According to the 2004 Arctic Climate Impact Assessment, 10–20% of the Arctic’s current permafrost might thaw during this century and decrease the area of Arctic tundra.
A warmer atmosphere could melt more permafrost and increase emissions of CH4 and CO2. This would cause more warming and more permafrost melting, which would cause still more warming.
Ocean Currents Are Changing but the Threat Is Unknown
Ocean currents, which on the surface and deep down are connected, act like a gigantic conveyor belt, moving CO2 and heat to and from the deep sea, and transferring hot and cold water between the tropics and the poles.
Scientists are concerned that melting of land-based glaciers from global warming (especially in Greenland) and increased rain in the North Atlantic could add enough freshwater to the ocean in the arctic area to slow or disrupt this conveyor belt. Reaching this tipping point would drastically alter the climates of northern Europe, northeastern North America, and probably Japan. The exact nature and likelihood of this possible threat is still unknown, but most climate scientists do not see it as a major threat in the near future.
Extreme Weather Will Increase in Some Areas
Global warming is projected to alter the hydrologic cycle and shift patterns of precipitation, causing some areas to get more water and other areas to get less. This could shift the locations of areas where crops could be grown and where people could live (Concept 15-4).
According to the IPCC, global warming will increase the incidence of extreme weather such as prolonged, intense heat waves and droughts, which can kill large numbers of people and expand deserts. At the same time, other areas will experience increased flooding from heavy and prolonged precipitation.
Researchers have not been able to establish that global warming will increase the frequency of tropical hurricanes and typhoons. But a 2005 statistical analysis by MIT climatologist Kerry Emmanuel and six other peer-reviewed studies published in 2006 indicated that global warming, on average, could increase the size and strength of such storms in the Atlantic by warming the ocean’s surface water.
On the other hand, some researchers blame the recently increased ferocity of tropical Atlantic hurricanes on natural climate cycles. More research is needed to evaluate these opposing hypotheses. More research is needed to evaluate the scientific controversy over the effects of global warming on hurricane frequency and intensity.
Maldives in the Indian Ocean, even a small rise in sea level could spell disaster for most of its 295,000 people. About 80% of the 1,192 small islands making up this country lie less than 1 meter (39 inches) above sea level. Rising sea levels and higher storm surges during this century could flood most of these islands and their coral reefs.
Global Warming Is a Major Threat to Biodiversity
According to the 2007 IPCC report, changes in climate are now affecting physical and biological systems on every continent. A warmer climate could expand ranges and populations of some plant and animal species that can adapt to warmer climates, including certain weeds, insect pests such as fire ants and ticks, and disease-carrying organisms.
Changes in the structure and location of wildlife habitats could cause the premature extinction of as many as 1 million species during this century (Concept 15-4). One of the first mammal species to go may be the polar bear (see front cover), as arctic sea ice, on which the bears hunt seals and other marine mammals, diminishes. By 2050, polar bears may be found mostly in zoos.
The ecosystems most likely to suffer disruption and species loss are coral reefs, polar seas, coastal wetlands, arctic and alpine tundra, and high-elevation mountaintops.
Forest fires may increase in some areas. Shifts in regional climate would also threaten many parks, wildlife reserves, wilderness areas, and wetlands-wiping out more biodiversity. In other words, slowing global warming would help sustain the earth’s biodiversity.
Global Warming Will Change Locations of Areas Where Crops Can Be Grown
Farming depends on a stable climate, probably more than any other human endeavor. Global warming will upset this stability by shifting climates and speeding up the hydrologic cycle (Concept 15-4).
Agricultural productivity may increase in some areas and decrease in others. For example, models project that warmer temperatures and increased precipitation at northern latitudes may lead to a northward shift of some agricultural production from the breadbasket of the midwestern United States to midwestern Canada.
But overall food production could decrease because soils in midwestern Canada are generally less fertile than those to the south. Crop production could also increase in Russia and Ukraine. In 2007, a panel of scientists from six Chinese government agencies warned that rising temperatures during the second half of this century could slash the country’s grain production by over a third, melt glaciers, increase pressure on its already scarce water resources in many areas, change its forest industry, and cause flooding in coastal areas that include 21 of its 33 largest cities.
Models predict a decline in agricultural productivity in tropical and subtropical regions, especially in Southeast Asia and Central America, where many of the world’s poorest people live. In addition, flooding of river deltas due to rising sea levels could reduce crop and fish production in these productive agricultural lands and coastal aquaculture ponds. According to the IPCC, for a time, food will be plentiful because of the longer growing season in northern regions. But by 2050, 200–600 million people could face starvation from decreased food production.
Global Warming Could Threaten the Health of Many People
According to the IPCC and a 2006 study by U.S National Center for Atmospheric Research, heat waves in some areas will be more frequent and prolonged, increasing death and illness, especially among older people, those with poor health, and the urban poor who cannot afford air conditioning. During the summer of 2003 (based on a detailed analysis in 2006 by Earth Policy Institute), such a heat wave killed about 52,000 people in Europe-almost two-thirds of them in Italy and France.
On the other hand, in a warmer world fewer people will die from cold weather. But a 2007 study by Mercedes Medin-Ramon and his colleagues suggested that increased heat-related deaths would be greater than the drop in cold-related deaths.
Incidences of tropical infectious diseases such as dengue fever and malaria are likely to increase if mosquitoes that carry them spread to temperate and higher elevation areas that are getting warmer. A 2006 study by Nils Stenseth at the University of Oslo found that the bacterium that causes bubonic plague, which killed more than 20 million people in the Middle Ages, could spread if the flea populations increase as temperatures rise. In addition, hunger and malnutrition will increase in areas where agricultural production drops.
A 2005 WHO study estimated that each year, climate change already prematurely kills more than 160,000 people-an average of 438 people a day-and that this number could double by 2030. In addition, the WHO estimates that climate change causes 5 million sicknesses each year. By the end of this century, the annual death toll from global warming could be in the millions.
Air Quality 101: The Basics
Without the layer of air that surrounds our planet, neither we nor any of the other forms of life that have evolved on Earth could exist. The general term for this layer of air is ‘atmosphere’, a word derived from the Greek atmos (vapour) and sphaira (ball or sphere). Of all the subsystems within the environmental system, the atmosphere has a number of unique characteristics. It is continuous around the Earth, but compared with the size of the Earth, the atmosphere is a thin shell. The part of the atmosphere we know best and live in – the troposphere – is an even thinner shell, only around 12 kilometres (7.5 miles) thick. If the Earth were the size of an apple, the atmosphere would have the thickness of the apple peel, yet this thin film of gases fulfils many essential functions. It is in the troposphere that all weather occurs; it is only here that life exists. Wind systems and rainfall patterns result from the differential heating by solar energy of the Earth’s surface and, subsequently, the atmosphere. Such weather manifestations are visible from space.
Have you ever thought about how much air you need to breathe each day? We take the air for granted, but think how long you can go without food or water compared to how long you can hold your breath. The basic biological air requirements for a person weighing around 68 kg.
Air requirements for human activity at typical ground-level pressure (100 kPa)
Activity l min−1 l hour−1
Resting 7.4 444
Doing light work 28 1680
Doing heavy work 43 2580
Based on this information, if we take a working day to comprise 7 hours of heavy work, 7 hours of light work and 10 hours of rest, we need 34 260 litres or 34.26 m3 of air per day. Taking the density of air as 1.29 kg m−3, the mass of air required comes to 44.20 kg. In comparison, we eat no more than about 1.5 kg of food each day, so our air requirement is nearly 30 times our food requirement. Similarly, we probably drink no more than about 2.5 kg of water each day. This indicates why air quality is so important; any contamination needs to be much lower in air than in food and water if we are to ensure that our total intake of potentially harmful substances does not put our health at risk. We cannot choose the air we breathe.
In our modern, technological society, we also need air to burn fuels for heating and for transport.
What is air pollution?
The United Kingdom is where the industrial revolution began, bringing with it a legacy of damage to the natural environment and public health. Resources such as water, coal and minerals were exploited, and by the middle of the nineteenth century the air and water were choked with industrial emissions. Indeed, the image of a prospering industry was of smoking chimneys. The first measures to protect the environment can also be traced back to this period. The air is obviously an important part of the environment to protect – it is essential for the survival of all higher forms of life on the planet. While seemingly vast, the atmosphere accounts for only about 1% of the diameter of the Earth. It is also continuous and so may be contaminated by activities perhaps hundreds or even thousands of miles away. We usually refer to this contamination as air pollution. The World Health Organization (WHO, 2013) has defined air pollution as: chemical, physical or biological agent that modifies the natural characteristics of the atmosphere.
There are two aspects of air pollution that are of major importance to life on Earth. Some constituents of the atmosphere may have a directly harmful effect on life forms, and other constituents may cause significant damage through changing the Earth’s radioactive balance. The spatial continuity of the atmosphere makes it nearly impossible to contemplate remediation, so pollutant releases to atmosphere must be considered with caution. Pollutants can be transported great distances, having an impact far from the emission source. A well-known example of this is the catastrophic fire and subsequent explosion at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in April 1986, in what was then the Soviet Union. This had a widespread effect across much of Europe, with pastures as far away as Wales and the Lake District – around 2300 km from the source – being contaminated due to airborne pollution.
* Published in Linkedin
Concept 15-3 Evidence indicates that the earth’s atmosphere is warming rapidly, mostly because of human activities, and that this will lead to significant climate change during this century with severe and long-lasting consequences for humans and many other forms of life.
Global Warming and Global Cooling Are Not New
Changes in the earth’s climate are neither new nor unusual. Over the past 4.7 billion years, the planet’s climate has been altered by volcanic emissions (Core Case Study), changes in solar input, continents moving slowly as a result of shifting tectonic plates, impacts by large meteors, and other factors.
Over the past 900,000 years, the atmosphere has experienced prolonged periods of global cooling and global warming. These alternat ing cycles of freezing and thawing are known as glacial and interglacial (between ice ages) periods.
Some analysts hypothesize that climate change after the last ice age ended about 13,000 years ago was an important factor leading nomadic hunter–gatherers to settle down and invent agriculture. For roughly 10,000 years, we have had the good fortune to live in an interglacial period characterized by a fairly stable climate and a steady average global surface temperature, bottom left). These conditions allowed agriculture, and then cities, to flourish. For the past 1,000 years, the average temperature of the atmosphere has remained fairly stable but began rising during the last century when people began clearing more forests and burning fossil fuels. Past temperature changes such as those are estimated by analysis of: radioisotopes in rocks and fossils; plankton and radioisotopes in ocean sediments; tiny bubbles of ancient air found in ice cores from glaciers; temperature measurements taken at different depths from boreholes drilled deep into the earth’s surface; pollen from the bottoms of lakes and bogs; tree rings; historical records; insects, pollen, and minerals in different layers of bat dung deposited in caves over thousands of years; and temperature measurements taken regularly since 1861.
We Are Making the Earth’s Natural Low-Grade Fever Worse
Along with solar energy, a natural process called the greenhouse effect warms the earth’s lower atmosphere and surface. Life on the earth and the world’s economies are totally dependent on the natural greenhouse effect-one of the planet’s most important forms of natural capital. The oceans are another factor shaping the earth’s climate because they remove carbon dioxide and heat from the atmosphere and move stored heat from one place to another in water currents. Swedish chemist Svante Arrhenius first recognized the natural greenhouse effect in 1896. Since then, numerous laboratory experiments and measurements of temperatures at different altitudes have confirmed this effect-now one of the most widely accepted theories in the atmospheric sciences. It occurs primarily because of the presence of four natural greenhouse gases-water vapor (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution about 275 years ago, human actions have led to significant increases in the concentration of earth-warming CO2, CH4, and N2O in the lower atmosphere-mainly from agriculture, deforestation, and burning fossil fuels.
There is considerable and growing evidence that these inputs of greenhouse gases from human activities are causing an enhanced greenhouse effect, popularly known as global warming. In 2006, researchers at the British Antarctic Survey analyzed air bubbles in ice cores from Antarctica going back 800,000 years. Their data indicated that current levels of CO2 are higher than at any other time during that period and are now increasing at an unprecedented rate.
In 2007, the largest CO2 emitting countries in order were China, the United States, the European Union, Indonesia, Russia, Japan, and India. Global CO2 emissions are growing exponentially at an increasing rate.
United States has been responsible for 25% of the world’s cumulative CO2 emissions, compared to China’s 5% contribution. But coal-fired power plants provide over 70% of China’s electricity compared to 50% in the United States. And China’s oil consumption and use of coal to produce electricity are soaring.
China’s total CO2 emissions are high and growing rapidly, its per capita emissions are low. For example, the United States emits about seven times more CO2 per person than China does. China points out that current global warming has been caused mostly by the long-term historic emissions by developed countries and their high per capita emissions.
Critics respond that if China does not radically change to more sustainable forms of production, power generation, transport, and building design, its projected economic miracle will turn into an unsustainable econightmare. Because CO2 mixes freely in the atmosphere, every country’s climate is affected by any one country’s actions.
In 1988, the United Nations and the World Meteorological Organization established the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) to document past climate changes and project future changes. The IPCC network includes more than 2,500 climate experts from 130 nations. In its 2007 report, based on more than 29,000 sets of data, the IPCC listed a number of findings indicating that it is very likely (a 90-99% probability) that the lower atmosphere is getting warmer (Concept 15-3) and that human activities are the primary cause of the recent warming.
According to the 2007 IPCC report, here is some of the evidence that supports its conclusions.
• Between 1906 and 2005, the average global surface temperature has risen by about 0.74 C° (1.3 F°). Most of this increase has taken place since 1980.
• Actual temperature measurements indicate that the 13 warmest years since 1861 (when temperature measurements began) have occurred since 1990. In order, the five hottest years since 1861 have been 2005, 1998, 2002, 2003, and 2006.
• Over the past 50 years, Arctic temperatures have risen almost twice as fast as temperatures in the rest of the world.
• In some parts of the world, glaciers and floating sea ice are melting and shrinking at increasing rates, rainfall patterns are changing, and extreme drought is increasing.
• During the last century, the world’s average sea level rose by 10-20 centimeters (4-8 inches), mostly because of runoff from melting land-based ice and the expansion of ocean water as its temperature increases.
Enhanced Global Warming
May Have Severe Consequences:
Some Scary Scenarios
So what is the big deal? Why should we worry about a possible rise of only a few degrees in the earth’s average surface temperature? We often have that much change between May and July, or even between yesterday and today. The key point is that we are talking not about normal swings in local weather, but about a projected global change in climate-weather measurements averaged over decades, centuries, and millennia.
Climate scientists warn that the concern is not just about how much the temperature changes but also about how rapidly it occurs. Most past changes in the temperature of the lower atmosphere took place over thousands to a hundred thousand years, top and bottom left). The next problem we face is a rapid increase in the average temperature of the lower atmosphere during this century.
In other words, according to the IPCC and other climate scientists, the earth’s atmosphere is running a fever that is rising fast, mostly because of human activities. Such rapid change could drastically affect life on earth. Humans have built a civilization adapted to the generally favorable climate we have had for the past 10,000 years. Climate models indicate that within only a few decades, we will have to deal with a rapidly changing climate.
A 2003 U.S. National Academy of Sciences report laid out a nightmarish worst-case scenario in which human activities, alone or in combination with natural factors, trigger new and abrupt changes. At that point, the global climate system would reach a tipping point after which it would be too late to reverse catastrophic change for tens of thousands of years. The report describes ecosystems suddenly collapsing, low-lying cities being flooded, forests being consumed in vast fires, grasslands drying out and turning into dust bowls, premature extinction of up to half of the world’s species, prolonged heat waves and droughts more intense coastal storms and hurricanes, and tropical infectious diseases spreading rapidly beyond their current ranges. Climate change can also threaten peace and security as changing patterns of rainfall increase competition for water and food resources, cause destabilizing migrations of tens of millions of people, and lead to economic and social disruption.
Created on Thursday, 17 April 2014 09:02 | | | Hits: 2356
How Should We Deal with Air Pollution?
CONCEPT 15-2 Legal, economic, and technological tools can help clean up air pollution, but scientists call for much greater emphasis on preventing air pollution.
Laws Have Reduced Outdoor Air Pollution in the United States
The U.S. Congress passed the Clean Air Acts in 1970, 1977, and 1990. With these laws, the federal government established air pollution regulations for key pollutants that are enforced by states and major cities.
Congress directed the EPA to establish national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) for six outdoor crite Laws Have Reduced Outdoor Air Pollution in the United States The U.S. Congress passed the Clean Air Acts in 1970, 1977, and 1990. With these laws, the federal government established air pollution regulations for key pollutants that are enforced by states and major cities.
Congress directed the EPA to establish national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) for six outdoor criteria pollutants-carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, suspended particulate matter, ozone, and lead. One limit, called a primary standard, is set to protect human health. Each standard specifies the maximum allowable level, averaged over a specific period, for a certain pollutant in outdoor (ambient) air.
The EPA has also established national emission standards for more than 188 hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) that can cause serious health and ecological effects.
Most of these chemicals are chlorinated hydro- carbons, volatile organic compounds, or compounds of toxic metals.
Great news. According to a 2005 EPA report, combined emissions of the six principal outdoor air pollutants decreased by 53% between 1970 and 2005, even with significant increases in gross domestic product, vehicle miles traveled, energy consumption, and population (Concept 15-2). The decreases for the six pollutants during this period were 99% for lead, 84% for suspended particulate matter, 55% for carbon monoxide, 52% for sulfur dioxide, 29% for nitrogen oxides, and 14% for ground-level ozone. Volatile organic compounds decreased 53% in this period.
The bad news is that although photochemical smog levels dropped in the 1980s, they have fallen very little since 1994. In 2004, the EPA found that 474 of the nation’s 2,700 counties in 31 states had unacceptable levels of ground-level ozone, a major ingredient in unhealthy smog. Reducing smog will require much bigger cuts in emissions of nitrogen oxides from power and industrial plants and motor vehicles. According to the EPA, almost 60% of the U.S. population lives in areas where the air is unhealthy to breathe during part of the year because of high levels of smog pollutants, primarily ozone and very small particles.
U.S. Air Pollution Laws Can Be Improved
The reduction of outdoor air pollution in the United States since 1970 has been a remarkable success story. It occurred because of two factors. First, U.S. citizens insisted that laws be passed and enforced to improve air quality. Second, the country was affluent enough to afford such controls and improvements. Environmental scientists applaud the success of U.S. air pollution control laws but suggest the following deficiencies.
• The United States continues to rely mostly on pollution cleanup rather than prevention (Concept 15-2). The power of prevention is clear. In the United States, the air pollutant with the largest drop in its atmospheric level was lead (99% between 1970 and 2005), which was largely banned in gasoline. This has prevented a generation of children from suffering lead poisoning.
• The U.S. Congress has failed to increase fuel-efficiency (CAFE) standards for cars, SUVs, and light trucks. CAFÉ standards have been shown to reduce air pollution from motor vehicles more quickly and effectively than any other method. Congress has also failed to enact a feebate program.
• Regulation of emissions from motorcycles and two-cycle gasoline engines remains inadequate. Two-cycle engines used in lawn mowers, leaf blowers, chain saws, jet skis, outboard motors, and snowmobiles emit high levels of pollutants (although less-polluting polluting versions are becoming available). According to the California Air Resources Board, a 1-hour ride on a typical jet ski creates more air pollution than the average U.S. car does in a year, and operating a 100-horsepower boat engine for 7 hours emits more air pollutants than driving a new car 160,000 kilometers (100,000 miles).
• There is little or no regulation of air pollution from oceangoing ships in American ports. According to the Earth Justice Legal Defense Fund, a single cargo ship emits more air pollution than 2,000 diesel trucks or 350,000 cars. Ships burn the dirtiest grades of diesel fuel and threaten the health of millions of dockworkers and other people living in port cities.
• Major airports, which are among the top polluters in urban areas, are exempt from many air pollution regulations.
• As of 2007, the Clean Air Acts did not specifically regulate emissions of the greenhouse gas CO2, which can alter climate and cause numerous harmful ecological, health, and economic effects.
• The acts have failed to deal seriously with indoor air pollution, even though it is by far the most serious air pollution problem in terms of poorer health, premature death, and economic losses from lost work time and increased health costs.
• There is a need for better enforcement of the Clean Air Acts. Under the acts, state and local officials have primary responsibility for implementing federal clean air standards, based on federal funding. However, a 2006 study by the Center for American Progress found that since 1993, enforcement hás become lax because of a sharp drop in federal grants to state and local air quality agencies and relaxed federal inspection standards. According to a 2002 government study, more rigorous enforcement would save about 6,000 lives and prevent 140,000 asthma attacks each year in the United States.
Executives of companies that would be affected by implementing stronger policies claim that correcting deficiencies in the Clean Air Acts would cost too much and harm economic growth. Proponents contend that most industry cost estimates for implementing U.S. air pollution control standards have been many times the actual costs. In addition, implementing such standards hás boosted economic growth and created jobs by stimulating companies to develop new technologies for reducing air pollution emissions-many of which can be sold in the global marketplace. Without intense pressure from citizens, it is unlikely that the U.S. Congress will strengthen the Clean Air Acts. In recent years, in fact, Congress has weakened some air pollution regulations.
We Can Use the Marketplace to Reduce Outdoor Air Pollution
Allowing producers of air pollutants to buy and sell government air pollution allotments in the marketplace can help reduce emissions (Concept 15-2). To help reduce SO2 emissions, the Clean Air Act of 1990 authorizes an emissions trading, or cap-and-trade, program, which enables the 110 most polluting power plants in 21 states (primarily in the midwestern and eastern United States) to buy and sell SO2 pollution rights.
Each year, a coal-burning power plant is given a number of pollution credits, which allow it to emit a certain amount of SO2. A utility that emits less SO2 than it is allotted has a surplus of pollution credits. It can use these credits to avoid reductions in SO2 emissions at another of its plants, keep them for future plant expansions, or sell them to other utilities, private citizens, or environmental groups.
Proponents argue that this approach is cheaper and more efficient than having the government dictate how to control air pollution. Critics of this plan contend that it allows utilities with older, dirtier power plants to buy their way out of their environmental responsibilities and continue polluting. This approach also can encourage cheating, because it is based largely on self-reporting of emissions.
Scientists warn that the ultimate success of any emissions trading approach depends on how low the initial cap is set and then on the annual lowering of the cap, which should promote continuing innovation in air pollution prevention and control. Without these elements, emissions trading programs mostly move air pollutants from one area to another without achieving any overall reduction in air quality.
Good news. Between 1990 and 2005, the emissions trading system helped reduce SO2 emissions from electric power plants in the United States by 31% at a cost of less than one-tenth the cost projected by industry.
The EPA estimates that by 2010, this approach will annually generate health and environmental benefits that are 60 times higher than the annual cost of the program.
Emissions trading is also being tried for NOx and perhaps in the future for other air pollutants. However, environmental and health scientists strongly oppose using a cap-and-trade program to control emissions of mercury by coal-burning power plants and industries, because this pollutant is highly toxic and does not break down in the environment. Coal-burning plants choosing to buy permits instead of sharply reducing their mercury emissions would create toxic hot spots with unacceptably high levels of mercury.
In 2002, the EPA reported results from the country’s oldest and largest emissions trading program, in effect since 1993 in southern California. According to the report, this cap-and-trade model fell far short of projected emissions reductions. The same study also found accounting abuses. This highlights the need for more careful government monitoring of all cap-andtrade programs.
There Are Many Ways to Reduce Outdoor Air Pollution
Between 1980 and 2002, emissions of SO2 from U.S. electric power plants were decreased by 40%, emissions of NOx by 30%, and soot emissions by 75%.. However, approximately 20,000 older coal-burning plants, industrial plants, and oil refineries in the United States have not been required to meet the air pollution standards required for new facilities under the Clean Air Acts. Officials of states subject to pollution from such plants have been trying to get Congress to correct this shortcoming since 1970. But they have not been successful because of strong lobbying efforts by U.S. coal and electric power industries.
Reducing Indoor Air Pollution Should Be a Priority
Little effort has been devoted to reducing indoor air pollution even though it poses a much greater threat to human health than does outdoor air pollution. Air pollution experts suggest several ways to prevent or reduce indoor air pollution.
Motor Vehicle Air Pollution
Use mass transit
Walk or bike
Use less polluting fuels
Improve fuel efficiency
Get older, polluting cars off the road
Give large tax writeoffs or rebates for buying low-polluting, energy efficient vehicles
Cover ceiling tiles and lining of AC ducts to prevent release of mineral fibers
Ban smoking or limit it to wellventilated areas
Set stricter formaldehyde emissions standards for carpet, furniture, and building
Prevent rádon infiltration
Use Office machines in wellventilated areas
Use less polluting substitutes for harmful cleaning agents, paints, and other products
Cleanup or Dilution
Use adjustable fresh air vents for work spaces
Increase intake of outside air
Change air more frequently
Circulate a building’s air through rooftop greenhouses
Use efficient venting systems for wood-burning stoves
Use exhaust hoods for stoves and appliances burning natural gas
In developing countries, indoor air pollution from open fires and leaky and inefficient stoves that burn wood, charcoal, or coal could be reduced. People could use inexpensive clay or metal stoves that burn biofuels more efficiently, while venting their exhaust to the outside, or stoves that use solar energy to cook food. This would also reduce deforestation by cutting demand for fuelwood and charcoal.
We Need More Emphasis on Pollution Prevention
Encouraging news. Since 1970, most of the world’s developed countries have enacted laws and regulations that have significantly reduced outdoor air pollution.
Most of these laws emphasize controlling outdoor air pollution by using output approaches. To environmental and health scientists, the next step is to shift to preventing
air pollution. With this approach, the question is not “What can we do about the air pollutants we produce?” but rather “How can we avoid producing these pollutants in the first place?” Like the shift to controlling outdoor air pollution between 1970 and 2006, this new shift to preventing outdoor and indoor air pollution will not take place unless individual citizens and groups put political pressure on elected officials and economic pressure on companies through their purchasing decisions.
Test for radon and formaldehyde inside your home and take corrective measures as needed.
Do not buy furniture and other products containing formaldehyde.
Remove your shoes before entering your house to reduce inputs of dust, lead, and pesticides.
Test your house or workplace for asbestos fiber levels and check for any crumbling asbestos materials if it was built before 1980.
Do not store gasoline, solvents, or other volatile hazardous chemicals inside a home or attached garage.
If you smoke, do it outside or in a closed room vented to the outside.
Make sure that wood-burning stoves, fireplaces, and keroseneand gas-burning heaters are properly installed, vented, and maintained.
Install carbon monoxide detectors in all sleeping areas.
Improve energy efficiency to reduce fossil fuel use
Rely more on lower-polluting natural gas
Rely more on renewable energy (especially solar cells, wind, and solar-produced hydrogen)
Transfer energy efficiency, renewable energy, and pollution prevention technologies to
Distribute cheap and efficient cookstoves or solar cookers to poor families in developing countries
Reduce or Ban indoor smoking
Develop simple and cheap tests for indoor pollutants such as particulates, radon, and formaldehyde
Created on Friday, 08 November 2013 07:16 | | | Hits: 1802
Air Pollution: Photochemical Smog
Sunlight Plus Cars Equals Photochemical Smog
Photochemical reaction is any chemical reaction activated by light. Photochemical smog is a mixture of primary and secondary pollutants formed under the influence of UV radiation from the sun.
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KRUK Group structure
Board, Supervisory Board and GM
Code of Best Practices of Companies Listed
Learn more about KRUK Group core business and strategic objectives
Shareholding structure of the KRUK S.A.
Become familiar with the mission and vision of KRUK Group, as well as with the values the Group embraces in its contacts with the customers, business partners, co-workers, and shareholders.
See the KRUK Group structure
Learn more about authorities of the KRUK Group
Learn more about milestones in the history of the KRUK Group
Learn more about the associations the joint-stock companies of KRUK Group belong to in Europe ans the U.S.
Learn more about Code of Best Practices of Companies Listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange
See the corporate documents of KRUK S.A.
Current reports
Quarterly figures
See annual and quarterly reports of the KRUK Group
See selected current reports of the KRUK Group
List of recommendations and external reports about KRUK group
See financial data by year and generate an interactive chart
See financial data by quarter and generate an interactive chart
Issue Prospectus
Current stock price and historical data on charts
Take a look at translation of our IPO prospectus available
Dividend and historical data on dividend payments
FOLLOW KRUK ON TWITTER
RECORD-HIGH INVESTMENT MAKES US FLY
The KRUK Group, Polish leader of the debt management market in Central Europe, has published its performance figures for the first three quarters of 2016:
In Q1−Q3 2016, net profit reached PLN 186m, up 16% year on year, representing 91% of the full-year 2015 result. In the third quarter alone, net profit came in at PLN 74m, up 48% on the previous quarter.
Recoveries from purchased debt portfolios reached PLN 701m, up 16% year on year. In the second quarter of 2016, KRUK reported PLN 255m in recoveries, representing an 11% rise year on year. It was the best quarterly performance on record, with the growth in recoveries primarily driven by 2016 investments and a constructive macro environment.
In the first three quarters of 2016, the KRUK Group invested PLN 936m in 60 debt portfolios with a total nominal value of PLN 6.4bn. The expenditure rose 220% year on year. KRUK expects the supply of debt portfolios for sale to remain strong in the fourth quarter of 2016 and the first quarter of 2017.
After the end of Q3, KRUK made another investment in Italy. It acquired a portfolio of cases with a total nominal value of EUR 930m, or approximately PLN 4bn. Since its first investment in the Italian market in November 2015, KRUK has acquired portfolios worth PLN 5.9bn in nominal terms.
KRUK is developing its organisation in Italy and is set to acquire a debt collection company it has worked with for the past few months on portfolio valuations and debt management. The firm has a headcount of 34, and it earned EUR 2.2m in consolidated revenue for 2015.
In the first three quarters of 2016, KRUK issued PLN 643m-worth of new bonds in a retail public offering (PLN 300m) and in an institutional private placement (PLN 258m). After the end of the third quarter, KRUK privately placed a further PLN 150m-worth of bonds, which pay interest at the same rate as the previous issues.
Given the robust supply of debt portfolios and to support the organisation’s growth in Western Europe through acquisition of small and medium-sized debt collection companies, the Management Board of KRUK decided to propose to its shareholders a share capital increase by up to 1 million shares (5.6% of the existing share capital).
Key consolidated financial results for Q1−Q3 2016
(PLNm)
Q1−Q3 2016
Cash EBITDA
ROE rolling
“The last three quarters were a period of our strong growth, both in our established markets and in Western European countries − Germany, Italy, and Spain. We still have two months of hard work ahead of us. However, our performance figures at the end of the third quarter already show that 2016 will be a very successful year for us. By the end of September, recoveries exceeded PLN 700m. To compare, in the entire 2015, they amounted to PLN 825m. We made a record-high expenditure of nearly PLN 1bn on our six European markets, and this money, which is already starting to deliver returns, will support our performance in the future. On the new markets we also rely on our amicable settlement model, with debt repayment arranged in manageable instalments. I believe that our customer-friendly approach will be a factor encouraging Western Europeans to contact KRUK,” said Piotr Krupa, President of the Management Board of KRUK S.A.
Another record-high level of recoveries and investments
At PLN 257m, cash recoveries from purchased debt portfolios in Q3 2016 were 25% higher year on year, marking the best result in KRUK’s history. Between January and September, recoveries totalled PLN 701m.
“Historically, the third quarter is not usually a period of particularly strong performance for us. It was different this year, as the last three months turned out to be the best ever. This is a good outlook for the last quarter,” Piotr Krupa said.
In Q3 2016, KRUK spent PLN 205m on 16 new debt portfolios with a nominal value of PLN 2bn. All purchases made by KRUK by the end of September already totalled PLN 936m, which was spent on 60 portfolios on six European markets: Poland, Romania, the Czech Republic, Germany, Spain and Italy.
More than 160,000 debts acquired in Italy and plan to acquire a debt management company
As regards investment, KRUK was very active in Italy. Since its first investment on the Italian market in November 2015, the company has acquired portfolios with a nominal value of PLN 5.9bn. The number of cases acquired there has already exceeded 160,000. The last of these transactions was effected already after the end of the third quarter. KRUK acquired a portfolio of cases with a total nominal value of EUR 930m, or approximately PLN 4bn.
KRUK is set to acquire a company it has worked with for the past few months on portfolio valuations and debt management. Acquisition and integration of a company with 34 staff members is to support the expansion of KRUK’s operations in Italy. The company’s 2015 revenue was PLN 9.5m.
“Italy is attractive for us in terms of the size of its unsecured debt sale market and potential returns. We have already marked our presence as a key entity operating on and investing in this relatively young market. After a few successful investments in debt portfolios, we are strongly focused on expanding our operations in Italy. We want to support the recruitment and transition processes by the acquisition of an appropriate credit management company. Now we are preparing a transaction to acquire a company we have worked with for a number of months on portfolio valuations and debt management. This period gave as an opportunity not only to gain more insight into the organisation itself, but first and foremost to get to know the people we will be joined by soon. These 34 persons make up an excellent team that will join KRUK to have even more success in Italy. The company has operated in Italy since the early 1990s and has extensive experience in providing credit management services to financial institutions, involving both amicable settlement and court proceedings. The already commenced successful integration of the company with the KRUK team should give us strong foundations and step up the development of a leading organisation in Italy”, said Piotr Krupa.
Planned share capital increase
“The decision to issue new shares is dictated by KRUK’s expansion, both in Central Europe and in the new markets of Western Europe. This is the direction we took two years ago when we adopted the strategy for 2015−2019. Today, we have a unique opportunity to become one of the few Polish companies that developed and established their organisations on the largest − and also the most demanding − European markets. The increasing supply of debt portfolios and the new opportunities to acquire foreign companies may boost our organisation’s growth. That is why we want to be ready to grasp potential investment opportunities, and the share issue is to help us do it. With our high cash flows from day-to-day activities and reasonable debt financing, we will continue to expand KRUK’s footprint in Europe, making the best of what the market offers,” Piotr Krupa said.
Decision on private placement of the shares will be taken by the Extraordinary General Meeting on November 29th.
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Health in Thailand
Seal of Ministry of Public Health of Thailand
Thailand has had "a long and successful history of health development," according to the World Health Organization. Life expectancy is averaged at seventy years. Non-communicable diseases form the major burden of morbidity and mortality, while infectious diseases including malaria and tuberculosis, as well as traffic accidents, are also important public health issues.[1]
1 Water and sanitation
2 Health status
2.1 Life expectancy
2.2 Infectious diseases
2.2.1 Dengue fever
2.2.2 HIV/AIDS
2.2.3 Malaria
2.3 Nutrition
2.3.1 Food safety
2.3.2 Sugar and salt consumption
2.4 Antibiotic abuse
2.5 Teen pregnancies
2.6 Pollution
Water and sanitationEdit
In 2008, 98 percent of the population had access to an improved water source.[2] Ninety-six percent of the population have access to improved sanitation facilities.[2]
Health statusEdit
Non-communicable diseases form the major burden of mortality in Thailand, while infectious diseases including malaria and tuberculosis, as well as traffic accidents, are also important public health issues.[1] The mortality rate is 205 per 1,000 adults for those aged between 15 and 59 years.[3] The under-five mortality rate is 14 per 1,000 live births.[3] The maternal mortality ratio is 48 per 100,000 live births (2008).[3]
Years of life lost, distributed by cause, was 24 percent from communicable diseases, 55 percent from non-communicable diseases, and 22 percent from injuries (2008).[3]
Life expectancyEdit
Life expectancy in Thailand is 71 for males and 78 for females.[3]
Infectious diseasesEdit
Major infectious diseases in Thailand also include bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis, dengue fever, malaria, Japanese encephalitis, rabies, and leptospirosis.[4] The prevalence of tuberculosis is 189 per 100,000 population.[3]
Dengue feverEdit
The first case of dengue fever was recorded in Thailand in 1949. Since then, it has been controlled, but not eradicated. Dengue cases soared in 2019. During the first six months of 2019, 28,785 people contracted dengue fever in Thailand. Forty-three died. The 2019 figures are double the five-year average and exceeds 2018's full-year total of 14,900 infections and 19 deaths. There is no treatment for dengue fever.[5][6]
HIV/AIDSEdit
Main article: HIV/AIDS in Thailand
Since HIV/AIDS was first reported in Thailand in 1984, 1,115,415 adults had been infected as of 2008, with 585,830 having died since 1984. 532,522 Thais were living with HIV/AIDS in 2008.[7] In 2009 the adult prevalence of HIV was 1.3%.[8] As of 2009, Thailand had the highest prevalence of HIV in Asia.[9]
The government has begun to improve its support to persons with HIV/AIDS and has provided funds to HIV/AIDS support groups. Public programs have begun to alter unsafe behaviour, but discrimination against those infected continues. The government has funded an antiretroviral drug program and, as of September 2006, more than 80,000 HIV/AIDS patients had received such drugs.
The American Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) conducted a study in partnership with the Thailand Ministry of Public Health to ascertain the effectiveness of providing people who inject drugs illicitly with daily doses of the anti-retroviral drug Tenofovir as a prevention measure. The results of the study were released in mid-June 2013 and revealed a 48.9 percent reduced incidence of the virus among the group of subjects who received the drug, in comparison to the control group who received a placebo. The principal investigator of the study stated in Lancet, "We now know that pre-exposure prophylaxis can be a potentially vital option for HIV prevention in people at very high risk for infection, whether through sexual transmission or injecting drug use."[10]
MalariaEdit
In 2017 there were 11,440 confirmed cases of malaria in Thailand with 11 reported fatalities.[11] The nation has committed to becoming malaria-free by 2024. In 2017, the Health Ministry declared 35 of Thailand's 76 provinces malaria-free. The persistence of malaria in border regions and the increasing drug resistance of new strains jeopardize the achievement of that goal.[12][13]
NutritionEdit
Food safetyEdit
Food safety scares are common to Thailand. Besides, common is microbial contamination of street food left out in the hot sun and dusty roads as well as store food contamination by banned or toxic pesticides and fake food products.[14]
In July 2012 consumer action groups demanded four unlisted toxic pesticides found on common vegetables at levels 100 times the EU guidelines (which are banned in developed countries) be banned. Chemical companies are requesting to add them to the Thai Dangerous Substances Act so they can continue to be used, including on exported mangoes to developed countries which have banned their use.[14] In 2014, Khon Kaen University concluded after a study, that Thailand should ban 155 types of pesticides, with 14 listed as urgent: Carbofuran, Methyl Bromide, Dichlorvos, Lambda-cyhalothrin, Methidathion-methyl, Omethoate, Zeta Cypermethrin, Endosulfan sulfate, Aldicarb, Azinphos-methyl, Chlorpyrifos-ethyl, Methoxychlor and Paraquat.[15]
Sugar and salt consumptionEdit
As of 2019[update] sugar consumption in Thailand is 28 teaspoons (131 grams) per person per day, four times the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendation.[16] Excessive consumption of sugar leads to obesity, a public health issue. Thailand is number two in ASEAN, behind Malaysia, in the prevalence of obesity. In 2017, Thailand levied an excise tax on sugary drinks to pressure manufacturers to reduce the amount of sugar put in their products. A hike in the tax expected in October 2019.[16]
According to WHO in 2017, Thais consume an average of 10.8 grams of salt per day (over 4,000 milligrams of sodium), a rate more than double the recommended daily intake of salt. The main sources of salt are salt added during cooking, packaged food, and street food.[17] Researchers claim that more than 22 million Thais suffer from salt-related ailments. Each year 20,000 of them die from related diseases, costing the country losses estimated at 98.9 billion baht a year. Thai health officials are calling for a tax on high-sodium food products to reduce demand.[18]
Antibiotic abuseEdit
A study by the health ministry and Britain's Wellcome Trust released in September 2016 found that an average of two people die every hour from multi-drug resistant bacterial infections in Thailand.[19] That death rate is much higher than in Europe. The improper use of antibiotics for humans and livestock has led to the proliferation of drug-resistant microorganisms, creating new strains of "superbugs" that can be defeated only by "last resort" medicines with toxic side effects. In Thailand, antibiotics are freely available in pharmacies without a prescription and even in convenience stores. Unregulated use of antibiotics on livestock is also problematic. Drug-resistant bacteria spreads through direct contact between humans and farm animals, ingested meat, or the environment. Antibiotics are often used on healthy animals to prevent, rather than treat, illnesses.[19]
In November 2016, Thailand announced its intent to halve antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) infections by 2021, joining the global battle against "superbugs". It aims to reduce the use of antibiotics in humans by 20 percent and in animals by 30 percent. The health minister said that about 88,000 patients develop AMR infections a year. The infections claim at least 38,000 lives in Thailand each year, causing 42 billion baht in economic damage. Without measures to address the issue, he said that the world would enter a "post-antibiotic era" with at least 10 million people around the world dying from AMR by 2050, 4.7 million of them in Asia.[20]
Teen pregnanciesEdit
In 2014, some 334 babies were born daily in Thailand to mothers aged between 15 and 19.[21]
PollutionEdit
The World Bank estimates that deaths in Thailand attributable to air pollution has risen from 31,000 in 1990 to roughly 49,000 in 2013.[22][23]
Healthcare in Thailand
Childbirth in Thailand
^ a b "Thailand-Country cooperation strategy: At a glance" (PDF). World Health Organization. May 2014. Retrieved 6 October 2016.
^ a b "Thailand-Country cooperation strategy: At a glance" (PDF). World Health Organization. May 2010. Retrieved 21 December 2011.
^ a b c d e f "Thailand - Country health profile" (PDF). Global Health Observatory. World Health Organization. Retrieved 21 December 2011.
^ Thailand country profile. Library of Congress Federal Research Division (July 2007). This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^ "Alert all to dengue threat" (Opinion). Bangkok Post. 21 June 2019. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
^ "Dengue infections highest in five years – Department of Disease Control". Thai PBS. 11 July 2019. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
^ Pongphon Sarnsamak (25 November 2008). "More teenaged girls getting HIV infection". The Nation. Archived from the original on 26 November 2014. Retrieved 17 June 2013.
^ "Thailand". HIV InSite. UCSF Center for HIV Information. July 2009. Retrieved 17 June 2013.
^ "COUNTRY COMPARISON :: HIV/AIDS - ADULT PREVALENCE RATE". The CIA World Factbook. CIA. 2013. Retrieved 17 June 2013.
^ Emma Bourke (14 June 2013). "Preventive drug could reduce HIV transmission among injecting drug users". The Conversation Australia. The Conversation Media Group. Retrieved 17 June 2013.
^ World Malaria Report 2018; Thailand (PDF). World Health Organization (WHO). November 2018. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
^ Shukla, Shobha; Ramakant, Bobby (24 April 2019). "Thailand's fight to eliminate malaria by 2024". Bangkok Post. CNS. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
^ "Multidrug-resistant malaria plagues Northeast". Bangkok Post. Reuters. 23 July 2019. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
^ a b Laopaisarntaksin, Pawat (2012-07-12). "Cancer-causing chemical residues found in vegetables". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 10 December 2015.
^ http://www.biothai.org/node/302
^ a b Pisuthipan, Arusa (30 July 2019). "The problem of Thailand's sweet tooth". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 30 July 2019.
^ "Salt Reduction in Thailand". WHO Thailand. November 2017. Retrieved 30 July 2019.
^ "Govt urged to move people from high-salt diets". The Nation. 30 January 2019. Retrieved 30 July 2019.
^ a b Yee, Tan Hui (12 November 2016). "Antibiotic abuse killing thousands in Thailand". Straits Times. Retrieved 18 November 2016.
^ "Thailand joins global 'superbug' fight". Bangkok Post. 21 November 2016. Retrieved 21 November 2016.
^ Editor4 (1 December 2016). "Sex education strengthens sexual discrimination in Thailand". Prachatai English. Retrieved 4 December 2016. CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
^ The Cost of Air Pollution: Strengthening the Economic Case for Action (PDF). Washington DC: World Bank and Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. 2016. p. 101. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
^ Buakamsri, Tara (8 December 2016). "Our silent killer, taking a toll on millions" (Opinion). Bangkok Post. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Health_in_Thailand&oldid=926544729"
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470 § 7579. Officers' messes and quarters: limitations on employment of enlisted members (a) Under such regulations as the Secretary of the Navy prescribes, enlisted members of the naval service and enlisted members of the Coast Guard when it is operating as a service in the Navy may be assigned to duty in a service capacity in officers' messes and public quarters where the Secretary finds that this use of the members is desirable for military reasons. (b) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, retired enlisted members of the naval service and members of the Fleet Reserve and the Fleet Marine Corps Reserve may, when not on active duty, be voluntarily employed in any service capacity in officers' messes and public quarters without additional expense to the United States. (c) The Secretary, to the extent he considers proper, may delegate the authority conferred by this section, except the authority to prescribe regulations, to any person in the Department of the Navy, with or without the authority to make successive redelegations. §7580.
Heat and light for Young Men's Christian Association buildings The Secretary of the Navy may furnish, without charge, heat and light to any building of the Young Men's Christian Association located at a naval activity. §7581. Marine Corps post laundries: disposition of receipts (a) Money received for laundry work performed by Marine Corps post laundries shall be used to pay the cost of maintenance and operation of those laundries. Any amount remaining at the end of the fiscal year after the cost has been so paid shall be deposited in the Treasury to the credit of the appropriation from which the cost of operating the laundries is paid. (b) The receipts and expenditures of Marine Corps post laundries shall be accounted for as public funds. CHAPTER 651.—SHIPS' STORES A N D COMMISSARY STORES Sec.
7601. Sales: members of naval service and Coast Guard; widows; civilian employees and other persons. 7602. Sales: members of Army and Air Force; prices. 7603. Sales: veterans under treatment. 7604. Profits: ships' stores. 7605. Acceptance of Government checks outside the United States.
§7601.
Sales: members of naval service and Coast Guard; widows; civilian employees and other persons (a) Such stores as the Secretary of the Navy designates may be procured and sold to members of the naval service, members of the Coast Guard, and widows of such members. (b) The Secretary may, by regulation, provide for the procurement and sale of stores designated by him to such civilian officers and employees of the United States, and such other persons, as he considers proper— (1) at military installations outside the United States; and
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Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 82.djvu/647
[82 STAT. 605]
PUBLIC LAW 90-448-AUG. 1, 1968
of loans, and not more than 12i^ per centum of the funds provided for in this title for grants,". (g)(1) Section 401(g) of such Act is amended to read as follows: " (g) Except as otherwise provided in the second paragraph of section 404(b), in the case of any loan which is made under this section to a nonprofit student housing cooperative corporation referred to in clause (5) of section 404(b), or which is obtained from other sources by such a corporation and is the subject of a contract for annual grants entered into under this section, the Secretary shall require that the note securing such loan be cosigned by the educational institution (referred to in clause (1) of such section) at which such corporation is located, and that, in the event of the dissolution of such corporation, title to the housing constructed with such loan will vest in such educational institution." (2) Section 404(a) of such Act is amended by inserting "or existing" immediately after "new". (3) Clause (3)(B) of section 404(b) of such Act is amended by striking out "of any loan secured under this title" and inserting in lieu thereof the following: "of any loan which is made under section 401, or is the subject of a contract for annual grants entered into under section 401,". (4) Clause (4) of section 404(b) of such Act is amended by striking out "to obtain loans" and inserting in lieu thereof "to obtain loans or grants". (5) The second paragraph of section 404(b) of such Act is amended by inserting after "clause (5) of this subsection," the following: "and in the case of any loan which is obtained from other sources by such a corporation and is the subject of a contract for annual grants entered into under section 401,". (6) Section 404(c) of such Act is amended by inserting before the period at the end thereof the following: "; except that in the case of the purchase of facilities such term means the cost as approved by the Secretary". (7) Section 404(h) of such Act is amended by inserting "or existing" immediately after "new". (h) The last sentence of paragraph "Seventh" of section 5136 of the Revised Statutes (12 U.S.C. 24) (appearing immediately before the sentence added by section 911 of this Act) is amended by inserting after "the Asian Development Bank" the following: ", or obligations issued by any State or political subdivision or any agency of a State or political subdivision for housing, university, or dormitory purposes,"
73 Stat.esa. ^^ ^^^ ^^"*^ ^g^^*°* ^^'^' 12 USC 1749c. 73 Stat. esa.
^i Stat. 304.
irOUSING FOR THE ELDERLY
SEC. 1706. Section 202(a) of the Housing Act of 1959 is amended— (1) by inserting in paragraph (1) after "corporations," the following: "limited profit sponsors,"; (2) by inserting in paragraph (2) after "(as defined in subsection (d)(2)), " the following: "to any limited profit sponsor approved by the Secretary,"; and (3) by inserting in paragraph (3) after "Secretary" the following: ", except that in the case of other than a corporation, consumer cooperative, or public body or agency the amount of the loan shall not exceed 90 per centum of the development cost".
^ l'^'^ f^^J^ '^' ^s Stat. 162.
FEDERAL-STATE TRAINING PROGRAMS
SEC. 1707. (a) Title VIII of the Housing Act of 1964 is amended— (1) by inserting after "urban centers," in section 801(b) the following: "and with business firms and associations, labor unions, and other interested associations and organizations"; and
^s Stat. 802. ^° ^^^ sorsii.
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98 STAT. 1873
PUBLIC LAW 98-473—OCT. 12, 1984
with the jurisdiction for fire management services listed above which are previously executed shall remain valid. SEC. 314. None of the funds provided by this Act to the United States Fish and Wildlife Service may be obligated or expended to plan for, conduct, or supervise deer hunting on the Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge. Sec. 315. Funds available to the Department of the Interior and the Forest Service in fiscal year 1985 for the purpose of contracting for services that require the utilization of privately owned aircraft for the carriage of cargo or freight shall be used only to contract for aircraft that are certified as air-worthy by the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration as standard category aircraft under 14 CFR 21.183 unless the Secretary of the contracting department determines that such aircraft are not reasonably available to conduct such services. SEC. 316. None of the funds provided in this Act may be used for the augmentation of grizzly bear populations in currently occupied areas of Forest Service grizzly bear habitat or the preparation of specific augmentation proposals to establish new grizzly bear populations in areas identified as suitable grizzly bear habitat in any unit of the National Park System or National Forest System unless the appropriate General Management Plan or Forest Plan provides for such augmentation and has been adopted, including having been available for public comment and review: Provided, That such activities may be conducted only with funds specifically justified for such purpose in an agency budget justification and subsequently approved in a report accompanying an appropriation bill making appropriations for that agency, or with funds provided for through reprogramming procedures: Provided further, That this is not intended to prohibit the emergency relocation of nuisance bears into currently occupied areas of congressionally designated wilderness areas within Forest Service boundaries, or into other currently occupied situation on areas where conflict between bears and humans is not likely to occur: Provided further. That the Secretaries of Interior and Agriculture shall provide for a public meeting at each affected National Forest and National Park Headquarters and the subsequent publication of the "Guidelines for Management Involving Grizzly Bears in the Greater Yellowstone Area" in the Federal Register, reflecting the public comments: Provided further. That notwithstanding any other provision of law, agencies included in this Act are authorized to reimburse permittees for such reasonable expenses as may be incurred as a result of moving permitted animals from one location to another, as may be required by the permitting agency, in order to prevent harassment and attacks by grizzly bears. Such expenses are to be determined by the agency responsible for the permitted action. SEC. 317. The Administrator.of the General Services Administration shall transfer to the Secretary of the Interior, without reimbursement, for inclusion in the War in the Pacific National Historical Park the following parcels of land: (1) Agat Bay, parcel 2, United States Naval Station, Guam (GSA control number 9-N-GU-426); and (2) GLUP: Nimitz Hill, parcel 3, Nimitz Hill Annex Area "C", Municipality of Asan, Guam (GSA control number 9-N-GU415). SEC. 318. The Secretary of the Interior shall quantify, in cooperation with the Secretary of Agriculture and the Governor of North
Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge. Hunting. Aircraft and air carriers.
Animals. National parks, monuments, etc. National Forest System.
Federal Register, publication.
North Dakota. Conservation.
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