pred_label
stringclasses 2
values | pred_label_prob
float64 0.5
1
| wiki_prob
float64 0.25
1
| text
stringlengths 112
978k
| source
stringlengths 37
43
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
__label__wiki
| 0.828951
| 0.828951
|
The Municipal Act
This is an unofficial archived version.
This version was current from March 29, 2014 to March 31, 2014.
Note: It does not reflect any retroactive amendment enacted after March 31, 2014.
To find out if an amendment is retroactive, see the coming-into-force provisions
at the end of the amending Act.
Go to the latest version. Search this Act
C.C.S.M. c. M225
File 1: s. 1 to 249 (Parts 1 to 7)
File 2: s. 250 to 480 (Parts 8 to 17)
(Assented to November 19, 1996)
DEFINITIONS AND MUNICIPAL PURPOSES
1(1) In this Act,
"assessment" means an assessment prepared under The Municipal Assessment Act for the purpose of municipal taxation of property; (« évaluation »)
"assessment roll" means an assessment roll as defined in The Municipal Assessment Act; (« rôle d'évaluation »)
"borrowing" means a borrowing as defined in section 172; (« emprunt »)
"business" means
(a) a commercial, merchandising or industrial activity or undertaking,
(b) a profession, trade, occupation, calling or employment, or
(c) an activity providing goods or services,
whether or not carried on continuously or on an intermittent or one time basis and whether or not for profit, and however organized or formed, and includes a co-operative and an association of persons; (« entreprise »)
"by-election" means an election to fill a vacancy on a council other than at a general election; (« élection partielle »)
"capital property" means property that
(a) is used in the production or supply of goods and services or is used for a municipal purpose,
(b) has a useful life extending beyond 12 months and is intended to be used on a continuing basis, and
(c) is not intended for sale in the ordinary course of operations; (« immobilisations »)
"chief administrative officer" means a person appointed as a chief administrative officer under subsection 125(1); (« directeur général »)
"common-law partner" of a person means a person who, not being married to the other person, is cohabiting with him or her in a conjugal relationship of some permanence; (« conjoint de fait »)
"council" means the council of a municipality; (« conseil »)
"council committee" means a committee, or other body established by a council under subsection 148(2), and includes the committee of a local urban district; (« comité du conseil »)
"council meeting" means a regular meeting or special meeting of a council, but does not include a public hearing held by a council; (« réunion du conseil »)
"court" means the Court of Queen's Bench; (« tribunal »)
"designated officer" means a person appointed to a position established under section 130; (« cadre désigné »)
"family" includes a common-law partner; (« famille »)
"general election" means an election held in a municipality under section 86 (general election of council every four years); (« élections générales »)
"improvement" means an improvement as defined in The Municipal Assessment Act; (« amélioration »)
"land" means land as defined in The Municipal Assessment Act; (« bien-fonds »)
"local authority" means
(a) a planning district established under The Planning Act,
(b) a school district or school division established under The Public Schools Act,
(c) a conservation district established under The Conservation Districts Act,
(d) a health and social services district board established under The District Health and Social Services Act,
(e) the governing board of a hospital district established under The Health Services Act,
(f) a community development corporation incorporated under Part XXI of The Corporations Act, or
(g) a body designated as a local authority by regulation made by the minister under clause 7(a); (« autorité locale »)
"local improvement" means a local improvement under Division 4 of Part 10; (« amélioration locale »)
"local urban district" means a local urban district established under section 46 or Division 5 (Local Urban Districts) of Part 3; (« district urbain local »)
"members" means, when referring to a council, the councillors and the head of council; (« conseillers »)
"minister" means the member of the Executive Council who is charged by the Lieutenant Governor in Council with the administration of this Act; (« ministre »)
"municipal participation corporation" means a corporation or entity in which all the members or shareholders are municipalities and which is controlled by the municipalities; (« corporation à participation municipale »)
"municipal purposes" means the purposes set out in section 3; (« fins municipales »)
"municipal record" means any kind of recorded information that is created or received by, or in the custody or control of, a municipality, regardless of physical form or characteristics, and includes
(a) information recorded on paper, photographic film, microfilm, sound or video tape or disk, and in a computer system,
(b) a copy of the record, and
(c) a part of the record; (« document municipal »)
"municipal road" means a municipal road as defined in section 285; (« chemin municipal »)
"municipality" means a municipality that is continued or formed under this Act; (« municipalité »)
"non-profit organization" means
(a) a corporation that is prohibited from paying dividends to its members and distributing the assets to its members on a winding-up, or
(b) any other entity established under a law of Manitoba or Canada for a purpose other than to make a profit,
but does not include a credit union, caisse populaire or co-operative established under a law of Manitoba or Canada; (« organisme sans but lucratif »)
"real property" means real property as defined in The Municipal Assessment Act; (« biens réels »)
"requisition" means an amount that a municipality is required to levy and collect on behalf of another entity; (« réquisition »)
"resident" means a person whose ordinary place of residence is within the municipality; (« résident »)
"tax arrears" means tax arrears as defined in section 339; (« arriéré de taxes »)
"taxpayer" means a person liable to pay a tax imposed by a municipality; (« contribuable »)
"The Municipal Board" means The Municipal Board established under The Municipal Board Act; (« Commission municipale »)
"voter" means a person eligible under The Municipal Councils and School Boards Elections Act to vote at an election of members of a council; (« électeur »)
"youth member" means a person appointed by a council under section 81. (« jeune conseiller »)
Meaning of "must" and "shall"
1(2) Whenever this Act provides that a thing "shall" be done or "must" be done, the obligation is imperative.
References to population
1(3) A reference in this Act to the population of a municipality or other area means the population of the municipality or area as shown by the most recent census taken and available under the Statistics Act (Canada).
Registered common-law relationship
1(4) For the purposes of this Act, while they are cohabiting, persons who have registered their common-law relationship under section 13.1 of The Vital Statistics Act are deemed to be cohabiting in a conjugal relationship of some permanence.
S.M. 2002, c. 24, s. 42; S.M. 2002, c. 48, s. 28; S.M. 2004, c. 2, s. 31; S.M. 2005, c. 27, s. 158; S.M. 2013, c. 54, s. 50.
Indian Reserves excluded
2 Despite any Act of the Legislature,
(a) land within an Indian Reserve is not part of the area of any municipality;
(b) persons residing within an Indian Reserve are not residents of any municipality; and
(c) any description of the boundaries of a municipality or the area within a municipality is deemed to provide that land within an Indian Reserve is excluded from the municipality.
MUNICIPAL PURPOSES
3 The purposes of a municipality are
(a) to provide good government;
(b) to provide services, facilities or other things that, in the opinion of the council of the municipality, are necessary or desirable for all or a part of the municipality; and
(c) to develop and maintain safe and viable communities.
FORMATION, FUNDAMENTAL CHANGES AND DISSOLUTION
TYPES OF MUNICIPALITIES
Types of municipalities that may be formed
4(1) The following types of municipalities may be formed under this Part:
(a) an urban municipality;
(b) a rural municipality.
Urban municipality
4(2) An urban municipality may be formed for an area with at least 1,000 residents and a population density of at least 400 residents per square kilometre.
Rural municipality
4(3) A rural municipality may be formed for an area with at least 1,000 residents and a population density of less than 400 residents per square kilometre.
Exception for amalgamation of municipalities
4(4) A municipality may be formed by the amalgamation of two or more municipalities even though the municipality formed may have a population of less than 1,000 residents.
Municipality in remote area
4(5) A municipality may be formed for an area that is part of an existing municipality where that area is
(a) remote; and
(b) not contiguous to another municipality.
MUNICIPALITIES OUTSIDE THE BOUNDARIES OF WINNIPEG
SUBDIVISION 1
5(1) In this Division,
"contiguous" in the case of land means that the land
(a) forms a continuous and unbroken piece, or
(b) is comprised of two or more parcels or areas that would form a continuous and unbroken piece of land but for their being separated by
(i) a public road allowance,
(ii) a railway right-of-way,
(iii) a transmission or distribution line right-of-way for a power, telephone or gas utility, or
(iv) a municipal road or highway; (« contigu »)
"unorganized territory" means any part of the province that is not in a municipality, and includes unorganized territory in Northern Manitoba; (« territoire non organisé »)
"unorganized territory in Northern Manitoba" means that part of Northern Manitoba as defined in The Northern Affairs Act in respect of which the Minister of Aboriginal and Northern Affairs has the powers, rights and privileges that an incorporated community has within its boundaries under The Northern Affairs Act. (« territoire non organisé du Nord »)
Application of Division to Winnipeg and to land in Winnipeg
5(2) This Division does not apply to land within the boundaries of The City of Winnipeg, but for the purposes of this Division The City of Winnipeg is deemed to be a municipality in relation to land outside the boundaries of The City of Winnipeg to the following extent:
(a) the council of The City of Winnipeg may initiate a proposal and make application under this Division to annex land outside the boundaries of The City of Winnipeg and annexation regulations may be made in relation to the proposal and application;
(b) The City of Winnipeg is entitled to receive notice of a proposal that affects it and to participate in proceedings arising from the proposal;
(c) regulations annexing land from a municipality to The City of Winnipeg may be made under section 48.
S.M. 1999, c. 28, s. 3; S.M. 2000, c. 35, s. 59; S.M. 2006, c. 34, s. 262.
Application of Division to unorganized territory
6(1) This Division applies to unorganized territory and to the Minister of Aboriginal and Northern Affairs to the extent described in this section.
Formation and annexation proposals
6(2) Land in unorganized territory is deemed to be in a municipality for the purpose of a proposal, application or regulation under this Division for
(a) the formation of a municipality from unorganized territory; or
(b) the annexation by a municipality of land in unorganized territory.
Minister of Aboriginal and Northern Affairs as a municipality
6(3) The Minister of Aboriginal and Northern Affairs is a municipality in relation to a proposal or application that may have the result of including land that was formerly in a municipality in unorganized territory in Northern Manitoba.
S.M. 1999, c. 28, s. 4; S.M. 2000, c. 35, s. 59.
Regulations by minister
7 The minister may by regulation
(a) designate bodies as local authorities for the purpose of clause (g) of the definition "local authority" in subsection 1(1); and
(b) establish principles, standards or criteria to be taken into account in considering the formation, dissolution, change of name or amalgamation of municipalities or the annexation of land from municipalities under this Division.
Joint proposal to annex non-contiguous land
8(1) A proposal to annex to a municipality land that is not contiguous to any portion of the municipality's boundary must be made jointly by the municipality that seeks to annex the land and the municipality that seeks to surrender the land for annexation.
Only one proposal or application permitted
8(2) A person must not be the proponent or applicant of more than one proposal or application concerning the same land at the same time, but a person may make a proposal or application in the alternative for the amalgamation of municipalities or for annexation from a municipality of land that is included in an amalgamation proposal or application.
FORMATION AND DISSOLUTION
9 This Subdivision does not apply
(a) to the formation of a municipality by amalgamation; or
(b) to the dissolution of a municipality as a result of annexation.
10(1) A proposal to form or dissolve a municipality may be initiated by
(a) the minister;
(b) the council of a municipality; or
(c) at least 30% of the persons
(i) who would be voters of the municipality proposed to be formed, or
(ii) who are voters of the municipality proposed to be dissolved.
Formation proposal for Northern Manitoba
10(2) Despite clause (1)(a), the minister and the Minister of Aboriginal and Northern Affairs must jointly initiate a proposal to form a municipality from unorganized territory in Northern Manitoba.
Initiating a proposal
10(3) A proponent may initiate a proposal to form or dissolve a municipality by filing a written proposal with The Municipal Board.
Proposal by voters
10(4) A proposal by persons who would be voters of the municipality proposed to be formed or who are voters of the municipality proposed to be dissolved must be accompanied by a sufficient petition.
Sufficiency of petition
11(1) A petition is sufficient if it complies with this section.
Information about each petitioner
11(2) A petition must include the following:
(a) in printed form, the surname and given name or initials of each petitioner;
(b) each petitioner's signature;
(c) the date on which each petitioner signs the petition;
(d) the address of each petitioner's residence;
(e) in the case of a petition to form a municipality, a statement that each petitioner is eligible to be a voter of the proposed municipality;
(f) in the case of a petition to dissolve a municipality, a statement that each petitioner is a voter of the municipality.
Manner of witnessing signature on a petition
11(3) Each signature on the petition must be witnessed by an adult person who must
(a) sign opposite the signature of the petitioner; and
(b) make a statutory declaration that to the best of the witness's knowledge the signature witnessed is that of a person eligible to sign the petition.
Number of petitioners required
11(4) A petition must be signed by not less than 30% of the persons
(a) who would be voters of the municipality proposed to be formed; or
(b) who are voters of the municipality proposed to be dissolved.
Counting the number of petitioners
11(5) In determining whether the required number of persons have signed the petition, a person's name is not to be counted if
(a) the information required under subsection (2) about the petitioner is not provided or the information, other than the signature, is not legible and cannot easily be determined by the secretary of The Municipal Board;
(b) the person's signature is not witnessed, or the witness has not made the statutory declaration required under clause (3)(b); or
(c) the person signed the petition more than 90 days before the petition was filed under subsection 10(3) or more than 150 days before the petition was re-filed with The Municipal Board under subsection (10).
Representative of petitioners
11(6) The petition must have attached to it a signed statement of the individual named as the representative of the petitioners under clause 12(e) that he or she is so named and that any inquiry or notice respecting the petition may be directed to the individual at an address that is set out in the statement.
Filing of petition
11(7) A petition must be filed with the secretary of The Municipal Board.
Secretary to determine sufficiency of petition
11(8) The secretary must determine the sufficiency of the petition not later than 30 days after it is filed.
Process where petition is not sufficient
11(9) If in the opinion of the secretary a filed petition is not sufficient, the secretary must within the time set out in subsection (8) give written notice of the manner in which the petition is not sufficient to the representative named in the petition under subsection (6).
Re-filing of petition
11(10) The petition may be re-filed, with or without changes, with the secretary within 30 days after notice is given under subsection (9), and subsections (2) to (8) apply to the re-filed petition.
No change in petition after filing or re-filing
11(11) No name may be added to or removed from a petition after it is filed under subsection (7) or re-filed under subsection (10), except an addition or removal made after a notice is given under subsection (9) and before the petition is re-filed.
S.M. 1998, c. 33, s. 3; S.M. 2005, c. 27, s. 158.
Content of proposal
12 A proposal must include
(a) a statement that the proposal is
(i) to form a municipality with the status, name and boundaries set out, or
(ii) to dissolve a specified municipality;
(b) the reasons for the proposal;
(c) the name of each municipality and local authority that could be affected by the formation or dissolution of the proposed municipality;
(d) a description of a process for consulting about the proposal with
(i) local authorities that could be affected by the formation or dissolution of the municipality, and
(ii) the public; and
(e) the name of the representative of the petitioning voters if the proposal is initiated by persons who would be voters of the municipality proposed to be formed or who are voters of the municipality proposed to be dissolved.
S.M. 2005, c. 27, s. 158.
Notice when minister is proponent
13(1) When the minister is the proponent, he or she must without delay give a copy of the proposal to every municipality and local authority that could be affected by it.
Notice when council is proponent
13(2) When the council of a municipality is the proponent, it must without delay give a copy of the proposal to
(a) the minister; and
(b) every other municipality and every local authority that could be affected by it.
Notice when voters are proponents
13(3) When a proposal is initiated by persons who would be voters of the municipality proposed to be formed or are voters of the municipality proposed to be dissolved, the representative of the persons must without delay give a copy of the proposal to
(b) every municipality and local authority that could be affected by it.
REPORT BY PROPONENT
Application of section
14(1) This section does not apply to a proposal to form a municipality made by the council of the municipality in which all the land to be included in the proposed municipality is located.
Negotiations and consultations
14(2) Without delay after the proposal is filed with The Municipal Board and copies of the proposal are given under section 13, the proponent must
(a) meet with affected municipalities to discuss the proposal and to negotiate it in good faith; and
(b) consult about the proposal with local authorities and the public in a manner that substantially accords with the process for consultation set out in the proposal.
Report on negotiations and consultations
14(3) Without delay after concluding the negotiations and consultations, the proponent must prepare a report that describes the results of the negotiations and consultations and that includes
(a) a description of the negotiations undertaken and a summary of the views expressed;
(b) a description of matters agreed on and those not agreed on by the proponent and affected municipalities;
(c) a description of the consultations undertaken and a summary of the views expressed;
(d) a statement of the content of the original proposal and particulars of any amendments to the proposal made in the report and the reasons for them;
(e) a list of studies prepared by or for the proponent respecting the proposal and a summary of their findings; and
(f) a statement as to whether the proponent intends to proceed with the proposal at all or as initiated or in an amended form.
Report to Municipal Board
14(4) The proponent must without delay file with The Municipal Board the report and a copy of each study prepared by or for the proponent.
Consultations and report when no negotiations
15 A municipality that initiates a proposal for the formation of a municipality from land all of which is located in the proponent municipality must without delay
(a) consult about the proposal with local authorities and the public in a manner that substantially accords with the process for consultation set out in the proposal;
(b) prepare a report that includes the matters described in clauses 14(3)(c) to (f); and
(c) file with The Municipal Board the report and a copy of each study prepared by or for the proponent.
Notice and public availability of report
16(1) The proponent must without delay
(a) give a copy of the report filed with The Municipal Board under subsection 14(4) or clause 15(c) to every person to whom the proponent was required to give a copy of a proposal under section 13; and
(b) when requested by any person,
(i) make a copy of the report or any study prepared by or for the proponent available for inspection by the person, and
(ii) provide a copy of the report or study to the person on payment of an amount not exceeding the charge for copies of documents under Division 2 (Access to Information) of Part 9 or make a copy available for copying by the person.
Response when report inaccurate
16(2) Within 30 days after the report is submitted to The Municipal Board, any person who believes that the report does not accurately or completely satisfy the requirements of subsection 14(3) or clause 15(b), as the case may be, may file with the Board a response to the report, setting out the areas of the report that the person alleges to be inaccurate or insufficient and particulars of those matters.
Giving copies of response
16(3) The person must without delay after filing the response
(a) give a copy of the response to the proponent and any person to whom the proponent was required to give a copy of the proposal under section 13; and
(b) make a copy of the response available for inspection and copying by any person who requests it.
When report or consultation insufficient
17 If The Municipal Board determines
(a) that the report
(i) does not accurately or sufficiently meet the requirements of subsection 14(3) or clause 15(b), as the case may be, or
(ii) is inadequate in form; or
(b) that the consultation about the proposal was not sufficient in the circumstances,
it may require the proponent to remedy the deficiency in the report or consultation.
Notice when report not to be considered
18 When
(a) a proponent indicates in the report that he or she does not wish to proceed with the formation of the municipality; and
(b) The Municipal Board decides not to consider the application;
The Municipal Board must without delay give notice to the proponent, every person to whom the proponent was required to give a copy of the proposal under section 13 and anyone else the Board considers should be notified.
CONSIDERATION BY MUNICIPAL BOARD
Report to be application
19 If the proponent indicates in the report that he or she wishes to proceed with the formation or dissolution of the municipality, the report becomes the proponent's application to The Municipal Board for formation or dissolution of the municipality.
Procedure on general agreement
20(1) If the proponent wishes the formation or dissolution to proceed and The Municipal Board is satisfied that there is general agreement among the persons to whom the proponent is required to give a copy of the proposal under section 13 and the public, the Board must notify those persons, the public and anyone else the Board considers should be notified, that
(a) there appears to be general agreement with the proposal; and
(b) unless an objection is filed with The Municipal Board by a specified date by
(i) a person to whom the proponent is required to give a copy of the proposal under section 13, or
(ii) at least 25 persons who would be voters if the municipality were formed or who are voters of the municipality proposed to be dissolved,
the Board will make its recommendation to the minister without holding a public hearing.
When no objection
20(2) The Municipal Board is not required to hold a hearing unless an objection is filed by the date specified in the notice by a person referred to in subclause (1)(b)(i) or at least the number of persons referred to in subclause (1)(b)(ii).
When hearing required
21(1) The Municipal Board must hold a hearing if
(a) the Board is satisfied that there is general agreement with the application but an objection is filed with it within the specified time by
(ii) at least 25 persons who would be voters if the municipality were formed or who are voters of the municipality proposed to be dissolved; or
(b) the Board is not satisfied that there is general agreement with the application by persons to whom the proponent is required to give a copy of the proposal under section 13.
When hearing may be held
21(2) The Municipal Board may hold a hearing even though the proponent does not wish the formation or dissolution to proceed and may make any order it considers necessary as to the nature of the application and the conduct of the matter before the Board.
Notice and conduct of hearing
22(1) When The Municipal Board is to hold a hearing, the Board must
(a) notify the proponent, all persons to whom the proponent is required to give a copy of the proposal under section 13, anyone who filed an objection and anyone else the Board considers should be notified, as to why the Board will hold a hearing; and
(b) hold a hearing to consider the application and allow any affected person to appear before the Board at a hearing.
Notice of hearing
22(2) The Municipal Board must give notice of the day, time and place of the hearing in accordance with The Municipal Board Act.
Duties and powers in making decision
23(1) In deciding whether to recommend a formation or dissolution application, The Municipal Board
(a) must consider the application in relation to the principles, standards and criteria established under clause 7(b) on the formation or dissolution of municipalities;
(b) must consider the evidence and submissions made at any public hearing the Board holds;
(c) may investigate, analyse and make findings of fact about the formation or dissolution and its potential effect on each affected municipality and local authority and on the residents and property owners of the municipality proposed to be formed or dissolved;
(d) may
(i) in the case of a formation application, consider the viability, including the financial viability, of
(A) the proposed municipality operating as a separate entity, and
(B) any remaining part of a municipality continuing to operate as a separate entity, and
(ii) in the case of a dissolution application, consider the viability, including the financial viability, of the municipality continuing to operate as a municipality;
(e) may request a person, municipality, local authority or the minister to conduct such studies and seek such advice to support their position as the Board considers appropriate;
(f) may require an affected municipality or may request the minister to hold a vote of those persons who would be voters of the municipality proposed to be formed or are voters of the municipality proposed to be dissolved and may consider its results; and
(g) may do any other thing that the Board considers advisable.
Failure to conduct study
23(2) Despite anything in this Division, The Municipal Board may decline to consider the position of a person, municipality or local authority that fails to comply with a request under clause (1)(e).
Vote held by municipality
23(3) If a municipality holds a vote, the vote must be held in accordance with The Municipal Councils and School Boards Elections Act as modified by the directions given by The Municipal Board.
Vote held by minister
23(4) If the minister holds a vote, the vote must be held in accordance with The Municipal Councils and School Boards Elections Act as modified by the directions of the minister.
Regulations Act does not apply
23(5) The Regulations Act does not apply to a direction under subsection (4).
REPORT OF MUNICIPAL BOARD
Report by Municipal Board
24(1) The Municipal Board must prepare a written report of its findings, its recommendations and the reasons for the recommendations and send the report to the minister.
Content of report
24(2) A report by The Municipal Board to the minister
(a) must include a summary of the matters considered or actions taken under subsection 23(1);
(b) must make a recommendation as to whether the proposed municipality should be formed or the municipality should be dissolved and the reasons for the recommendation;
(c) if the Board recommends the formation of the proposed municipality, must set out
(i) the status of the proposed municipality as an urban or rural municipality, its name and a description of its boundaries, and
(ii) any terms, conditions and other things the Board considers necessary or desirable to implement the formation.
Notice of report
24(3) The Municipal Board must without delay
(a) give a copy of its report to the proponent and any person to whom the proponent is required to give a copy of the proposal under section 13;
(b) notify every affected municipality that it must make a copy of the report available for inspection at the municipal office on request; and
(c) notify each person who filed an objection to, or who in writing indicated support for, the application that a copy of the report is available for inspection on request at the municipal office of every affected municipality.
Availability of report
24(4) An affected municipality must make a copy of the report available for inspection at its municipal office for a reasonable period after receipt of the notice.
Copy of report to be provided on payment of fee
24(5) The chief administrative officer must provide a copy of the report to a person who pays any fee set for the report by the council.
24(6) The fee must not exceed a comparable fee payable under The Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act.
Referral of report by minister
25 The minister must refer a report of The Municipal Board to the Lieutenant Governor in Council.
Reference to Municipal Board
26 If the minister has referred a report of The Municipal Board to the Lieutenant Governor in Council, the Lieutenant Governor in Council, whether or not it has made a regulation in relation to the report, may
(a) refer any matter relating to the formation or dissolution of the municipality to The Municipal Board for its consideration and recommendations; and
(b) request the Board to make recommendations on any other matter that the Lieutenant Governor in Council considers relevant.
Notice when no regulation is made
27 If no formation or dissolution regulation is to be made in relation to a report of The Municipal Board, the minister must notify
(a) the proponent and every affected municipality and local authority; and
(b) each person who filed with the Board a document indicating support for or objection to the application.
No further proposals for one year
28 A person, other than the minister, who initiates a proposal to form or dissolve a municipality may not initiate another proposal with respect to substantially the same land for a period of one year
(a) from the date a regulation is made in relation to the proposal; or
(b) from the date of the last notice under section 27.
FORMATION AND DISSOLUTION REGULATIONS
Validity of formation or dissolution regulation
29 A formation or dissolution regulation is not invalid by reason only that it
(a) varies or does not give effect to a recommendation or is not recommended in a report; or
(b) varies or does not give effect to one or more of the other terms, conditions or things in the report.
Formation regulation
30(1) The Lieutenant Governor in Council may form a municipality by regulation.
Requirements of regulation
30(2) A formation regulation must
(a) describe the boundaries of the municipality to be formed;
(b) give the municipality the status of an urban municipality or a rural municipality;
(c) in the case of a rural municipality, give it the name of "The Rural Municipality of [insert name]";
(d) in the case of an urban municipality, give it the name of "The City of [insert name]", "The Town of [insert name]", "The Village of [insert name]" or "The Urban Municipality of [insert name]";
(d.1) in the case of a municipality that is formed by the amalgamation of a rural municipality and an urban municipality, give it the name of "The Municipality of [insert name]", or such other name as may be approved by the minister; and
(e) state the number of members of the council.
Limitation on naming cities
30(3) No regulation may name an urban municipality as a city unless it has a population of at least 7,500 residents.
Additional regulation-making powers
30(4) A formation regulation may
(a) establish wards and describe their boundaries;
(b) appoint an official administrator or chief administrative officer until the first council is sworn into office; and
(c) subject to any conditions the Lieutenant Governor in Council considers appropriate, permit the council of a municipality from which a municipality is formed or the official administrator or chief administrative officer to exercise all of the powers of the council of the municipality.
Repeal of regulation under clause (2)(e) or (4)(a)
30(5) Unless a provision of a regulation made under clause (2)(e) or (4)(a) specifies that it is repealed on an earlier day, any provision of a regulation made under clause (2)(e) or (4)(a) is deemed to be repealed on the day the council of the municipality passes a by-law under section 79 (number of councillors) or section 87 (election on basis of wards).
Dissolution regulation
31(1) The Lieutenant Governor in Council may dissolve a municipality by regulation.
31(2) A dissolution regulation may
(a) direct that all or part of the land in the dissolved municipality becomes part of another municipality; and
(b) provide for the winding up of the municipality.
PROCEDURE FOR CHANGE OF NAME
Change of name regulation
32 The Lieutenant Governor in Council may, on the request of the council of a municipality and on the recommendation of the minister, change the name of the municipality by amending the regulation forming the municipality.
Effect of name change
33(1) The change of a name of a municipality does not affect any obligation, right, action or property of the municipality.
Use of former name
33(2) The use of the former name of the municipality in any proceedings, agreements, notices or documents after the name is changed does not affect their validity.
AMALGAMATION AND ANNEXATION PROPOSALS
34(1) A proposal to amalgamate two or more municipalities or for the annexation by a municipality of land from another municipality may be initiated by
(a) the minister; or
(b) the council of a municipality.
34(2) A proponent may initiate a proposal under subsection (1) by filing a written proposal with The Municipal Board.
(a) a statement that the proposal is for the amalgamation of two or more municipalities or for the annexation by a municipality of land from another municipality;
(b) the names of the municipalities proposed to be amalgamated or a description of the area of land to be annexed and the municipality in which it is located;
(c) the reasons for the proposal;
(d) the name of each municipality and local authority that could be affected by the proposed amalgamation or annexation;
(e) if a local urban district is proposed to be formed in connection with an amalgamation, a description of the area of the proposed local urban district; and
(f) a description of a process for consulting about the proposal with
(i) local authorities that could be affected by the proposed amalgamation or annexation, and
(ii) the public.
(b) a description of matters agreed on and not agreed on by the proponent and affected municipalities;
Application of sections 16 to 22
38 Sections 16 to 22 apply with such modifications as the circumstances require to a proposal for the amalgamation of two or more municipalities or to the annexation by a municipality of land in another municipality.
39(1) In deciding whether to recommend an amalgamation or annexation application, The Municipal Board
(a) must consider the application in relation to the principles, standards and criteria established under clause 7(b) on the amalgamation of municipalities or the annexation of land from municipalities;
(c) may investigate, analyse and make findings of fact about the amalgamation or annexation and its potential effect on each affected municipality and local authority and on the residents and property owners of the proposed municipality or area proposed to be annexed;
(d) in the case of an annexation, may consider the viability, including the financial viability, of the municipality from which the land is annexed continuing to operate as a separate entity;
(f) in the case of an amalgamation, may request the minister to hold a vote or may require any one or more of the municipalities that are proposed to be amalgamated to hold a vote of the persons who would be voters of the municipality proposed to be formed;
(g) in the case of an annexation, may request the minister to hold a vote or may require a municipality to hold a vote of those persons who are voters of the area of the municipality proposed to be annexed or a vote of those persons who are voters of the municipality in which the area proposed to be annexed is located;
(h) may consider the results of a vote; and
(i) may do any other thing that the Board considers advisable.
39(4) If the minister holds a vote, the vote must be held in accordance with The Municipal Councils and School Boards Elections Act as modified by the directions given by the minister.
(a) must include a summary of the matters considered or actions taken under section 39;
(b) must set out a recommendation as to whether the proposed municipality should be formed or the land should be annexed by the municipality and the reasons for the recommendation;
(ii) any terms, conditions and other things the Board considers necessary or desirable to implement the formation; and
(d) if the Board recommends the annexation of land from the municipality, must set out
(i) a description of the land, and
(ii) any terms, conditions and other things the Board considers necessary or desirable to implement the annexation.
42 If the minister has referred a report to the Lieutenant Governor in Council, the Lieutenant Governor in Council, whether or not it has made a regulation in relation to the report, may
(a) refer any matter relating to the amalgamation of municipalities or the annexation of land from a municipality to The Municipal Board for its consideration and recommendations; and
43 If no amalgamation or annexation regulation is made in relation to a report of The Municipal Board, the minister must notify
44 A person, other than the minister, who initiates a proposal to amalgamate municipalities or to annex land from a municipality must not initiate another proposal with respect to substantially the same land for a period of one year
(a) from the date a regulation is made in relation to proposal; or
(b) from the date the last notice under section 43 is given.
AMALGAMATION AND ANNEXATION REGULATIONS
Validity of amalgamation or annexation regulation
45 An amalgamation or annexation regulation is not invalid by reason only that it
Amalgamation regulation
46(1) The Lieutenant Governor in Council may by regulation amalgamate municipalities to form a new municipality.
46(2) A regulation to amalgamate municipalities may
(a) dissolve one or more of the councils of the municipalities that are amalgamated;
(b) provide for an interim council;
(c) deal with any of the matters referred to in section 30;
(d) if the amalgamated municipality is a rural municipality, form a local urban district in the municipality and deal with any of the matters referred to in sections 64 and 69 (formation of local urban districts).
Amalgamation within three months after election
46(3) Notwithstanding sections 86 and 99, where an amalgamation takes place within three months after a general election, a regulation to amalgamate municipalities may provide that
(a) the members of the council of the amalgamated municipality are to be elected at the general election prior to the amalgamation, but their terms of office do not begin until the date of the amalgamation; and
(b) the terms of office of the members of the councils of the municipalities from which the amalgamated municipality is to be formed are extended to the date of the amalgamation, without those members being re-elected.
Amalgamation — policing services
46.1 If, prior to it being amalgamated, a municipality (in this section called the "old municipality") included in its operating budget an amount for policing services, the amalgamated municipality
(a) must
(i) include in its operating budget a comparable amount, or the amount determined in a comparable manner, and
(ii) expend the amount to pay or defray the costs of policing services in the old municipality; and
(b) may levy an additional tax against the property in the old municipality to meet the obligations under clause (a).
Annexation regulation
47 The Lieutenant Governor in Council, on the recommendation of the minister, may by regulation annex land from a municipality to another municipality.
Minor annexation
48 Despite any provision of this Act, the Lieutenant Governor in Council may by regulation annex land from a municipality to another municipality if the minister believes that
(a) the proposed annexation is of a minor nature; and
(b) there is no dispute about the proposed annexation.
Requirements of annexation regulation
49 A regulation to annex land from a municipality to another municipality may
(a) dissolve a municipality as a result of the annexation;
(b) deal with any of the matters referred to in sections 30 and 31.
GENERAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO REGULATIONS
Effect of certain regulations
50(1) When a regulation under this Division has the effect of including or placing an area of land that was in one municipality (in this section called the "old municipality") in another municipality (in this section called the "new municipality") as a result of formation, dissolution, amalgamation or annexation then, unless the regulation otherwise provides,
(a) the new municipality becomes the successor of the old municipality respecting that land and the old municipality ceases to have any jurisdiction respecting that land;
(b) the assets, liabilities, rights and obligations of the old municipality that relate to that land pass to the new municipality and cease to be those of the old municipality;
(c) if at the time when the proposal is initiated under section 10 (formation or dissolution) or 34 (amalgamation or annexation) or after the proposal but before a regulation in relation to it is made, any land or any portion of it is designated or required to be provided as a public reserve under The Planning Act, the ownership of the land becomes vested in the new municipality in place of the old municipality; and
(d) by-laws and resolutions of the old municipality continue to apply to the new municipality until repealed or others are made in their place by the new municipality.
When public reserve sold
50(2) If the land referred to in clause (1)(c) is sold or money instead of land is received by the old municipality after the proposal is initiated under section 10 (formation or dissolution) or 34 (amalgamation or annexation) or after the proposal but before a regulation is made is received, the proceeds of the sale or the money received must be paid to the new municipality.
Use of proceeds or money
50(3) The new municipality may use the proceeds of the sale or the money received only for a purpose for which the old municipality could have used it.
Powers of minister
50(4) The minister may
(a) authorize the council of the new municipality to impose an additional tax under Part 10 (Powers of Taxation) on the land to meet obligations under a borrowing made by the old municipality in respect of that land;
(b) make any provision necessary to protect any rights that any person has in relation to the land; or
(c) direct the transfer of assets and liabilities from one municipality to another.
Power to transfer land and other property
51 When a regulation or direction under this Division requires the ownership of land or other property to be transferred to a municipality, the minister may do whatever is necessary to give effect to subsection 50(1) or a direction under clause 50(4)(c).
Additional matters under certain regulations
52(1) A regulation made under section 30 (formation), 31 (dissolution), 32 (change of name), 46 (amalgamation), 47 or 48 (annexation) may, in relation to any municipality affected by the regulation, contain provisions dealing with one or more of the following:
(a) assessment and taxation — in the case of a formation, amalgamation, annexation or dissolution — which may include
(i) phasing in increases or decreases in taxes that are directly attributable to the formation, amalgamation, annexation or dissolution, and
(ii) setting different rates of taxation for areas within the municipality based on their access to services provided by the municipality;
(b) property;
(c) employees;
(d) any matter required to properly deal with the formation, dissolution, change of name, amalgamation or annexation, whether transitional or otherwise;
(e) the application, addition, change or substitution of an Act of the Legislature or any regulation under an Act of the Legislature to give effect to the regulation.
Extent of regulation-making under subsection (1)
52(2) The provisions referred to in subsection (1) may deal with rights, obligations, liabilities, assets and any other thing that the Lieutenant Governor in Council considers is appropriate to be dealt with in the regulation.
Amendment or repeal of regulation
52(3) The Lieutenant Governor in Council may amend or repeal a provision referred to in subsection (1) that is contained in a formation, dissolution, change of name, amalgamation or annexation regulation without having to comply with the requirements for passing the original regulation.
S.M. 1998, c. 33, s. 6; S.M. 2001, c. 30, s. 4.
Retroactivity and coming into force
53(1) A regulation of the Lieutenant Governor in Council under this Division may provide
(a) for the retroactive application of the regulation or any of its provisions; and
(b) that the regulation or any of its provisions come into force on different dates.
Limit on retroactivity
53(2) A regulation or any of its provisions may be made retroactive only to a date in the year immediately before the calendar year in which the regulation is made.
Correction of errors in regulations
53(3) An error in any regulation made under this Division may be corrected by subsequent regulation, and the correcting regulation may be made effective as of the date of the original regulation or on some other later date that is specified in the regulation.
LOCAL URBAN DISTRICTS: FORMATION, FUNDAMENTAL CHANGES AND DISSOLUTION
Interpretation of sufficient petition
54 In this Division, a sufficient petition means a sufficient petition within the meaning of Division 3 of Part 5.
55 [Repealed]
Requirements to form local urban district
56 A local urban district may be formed for a locality in a municipality if the locality
(a) has at least 250 residents and a population density of at least 400 residents per square kilometre or such other density as the minister may in a specific case consider sufficient for the type and level of services to be provided in the local urban district;
(b) is wholly within the boundary of a rural municipality; and
(c) is contiguous with the rest of the locality and there is no area within the boundary of the local urban district that is not part of it.
Initiating a petition
57(1) A majority of the voters of a locality in a rural municipality may initiate the formation of a local urban district by submitting to the council of the municipality a sufficient petition to form a local urban district.
Content of petition
57(2) A petition to form a local urban district
(a) must include a description of the area and the name of the proposed local urban district; and
(b) may include a proposed effective date for the formation.
Direct negotiations
58 Without delay after a sufficient petition is submitted, the council of the municipality must meet with the representative of the petitioners to discuss the petition and to negotiate it in good faith.
Procedure on agreement
59 If the council of the municipality and the representative of the petitioners agree on the description of the area and the name of the proposed local urban district, the council must submit to the minister a request to form the local urban district.
Procedure when no agreement
60(1) If the council of the municipality and the representative of the petitioners do not agree on the description of the area and the name of the proposed local urban district, the council or the representative may refer the formation petition to The Municipal Board for its recommendation.
Municipal Board
60(2) The Municipal Board must consider a petition to form a local urban district referred to it and must make a recommendation to the minister.
Referral of request or recommendation to L.G. in C.
61 The minister must refer the request of a municipality to form a local urban district or a recommendation of The Municipal Board in relation to the formation of a local urban district to the Lieutenant Governor in Council.
62 If a regulation forming a local urban district is not made in relation to a request by the council of a municipality or a recommendation of The Municipal Board,
(a) the minister must without delay notify the council and the representative of the voters named in the petition; and
(b) the voters must not initiate a petition to form a local urban district that includes substantially the same land as that described in the petition for a period of one year from the date of the notice under clause (a).
Validity of regulation
63 A formation regulation is not invalid by reason only that it varies or does not give effect to a request or recommendation or is not requested or recommended.
64(1) The Lieutenant Governor in Council may make a regulation forming a local urban district.
64(2) A formation regulation must state the name of the district and describe its area.
Initiating amendment
65(1) A committee of a local urban district may initiate an amendment to a formation regulation by submitting a request setting out the amendment to the council of the municipality in which the local urban district is located.
Amending formation regulation
65(2) Sections 58 to 61, clause 62(a) and sections 63 and 64 apply with necessary modifications to the amendment of a formation regulation.
Amendment of boundaries only once a year
65(3) The boundaries of a local urban district must not be amended more than once a year.
Initiating a dissolution of local urban district
66(1) The dissolution of a local urban district may be initiated
(a) by a sufficient petition of 2/3 of the voters of the district submitted to the council of the municipality in which the local urban district is located; or
(b) by a request to the minister from the council of the municipality in which the local urban district is located if in two consecutive general elections, there are not at least two persons nominated as members of the committee of the local urban district.
Referral of petition to minister
66(2) The council of the municipality that receives a petition under clause (1)(a) must submit the petition to the minister.
Referral of petition or request to L.G. in C.
66(3) The minister must refer a petition or request to dissolve a local urban district to the Lieutenant Governor in Council.
67(1) The Lieutenant Governor in Council may make a regulation dissolving a local urban district.
Limitation on forming local urban district again
67(2) A local urban district that is dissolved may not be reformed for a period of six years.
Notice when no regulation made
68 If a regulation dissolving a local urban district is not made in relation to a petition or request, the minister must without delay notify the council and the representative of the petitioners, in the case of a petition, and the council, in the case of a request.
Transitional and other matters
69 A regulation forming a local urban district, a regulation amending a formation regulation or a regulation dissolving a local urban district may contain a provision dealing with one or more of the following:
(a) any matter required to properly deal with the formation, amendment or dissolution of the local urban district, whether transitional or otherwise;
(b) the application, addition, change or substitution of a provision of this Act or any regulation under this Act.
FORMATION OF RURAL MUNICIPALITIES AND ANNEXATION OF LAND FROM THE CITY OF WINNIPEG
Application of Division
70 This Division applies to
(a) the formation of a rural municipality from land in The City of Winnipeg; and
(b) the annexation of land within the boundaries of The City of Winnipeg by a municipality.
Study required before making regulation
71 The Lieutenant Governor in Council must not make a regulation for the formation of a rural municipality from the land in The City of Winnipeg or for the annexation of land within the boundaries of The City of Winnipeg by a municipality unless a study of the impact of the proposed formation or the proposed annexation is conducted and made public.
Boundary alteration referred to Municipal Board
72 When the Lieutenant Governor is of the opinion that it may be advisable to alter the area or boundaries of the city
(a) by forming a rural municipality from land within the city; or
(b) by the annexation of land within the boundaries of Winnipeg by a municipality;
the Lieutenant Governor in Council may refer the matter to The Municipal Board for its consideration and recommendations and may request the Board to consider and make special recommendations on matters that the Lieutenant Governor in Council considers relevant to the proposed alteration.
Vote may be held
73(1) The Lieutenant Governor in Council may direct the minister to hold any vote that the Lieutenant Governor in Council considers appropriate about the formation of a rural municipality from land in The City of Winnipeg or about the annexation of land within the boundaries of The City of Winnipeg by a municipality.
Application of The Municipal Councils and School Boards Elections Act
73(2) A vote directed by the Lieutenant Governor in Council must be held in accordance with The Municipal Councils and School Boards Elections Act as modified by the directions given by the Lieutenant Governor in Council.
S.M. 2000, c. 35, s. 59; S.M. 2005, c. 27, s. 158.
Application of Division 2 to formation regulations
74(1) Section 30 (formation regulations) and Subdivision 5 (General Provisions Relating to Regulations) of Division 2 apply with necessary modifications to the formation of a rural municipality from land within the boundaries of The City of Winnipeg.
74(2) The powers of the minister under Subdivision 5 (General Provisions Relating to Regulations) of Division 2 are to be read as powers of the Lieutenant Governor in Council.
Initiating an annexation
75(1) The council of a municipality may request the annexation of land from The City of Winnipeg by making a request to the minister that describes the area of land to be annexed.
75(2) The Lieutenant Governor in Council may make an annexation regulation with or without a request from the council of a municipality.
Application of Division 2 to annexation regulations
75(3) Section 49 (annexation regulations) and Subdivision 5 (General Provisions Relating to Regulations) of Division 2 apply with necessary modifications to the annexation by a municipality of land within the boundaries of The City of Winnipeg.
76 Despite any provision of this Act or The City of Winnipeg Charter, the Lieutenant Governor in Council may by regulation annex land from The City of Winnipeg to a municipality if the minister believes that
Council is governing body
77(1) Each municipality is governed by a council.
Council is continuing body
77(2) A council is a continuing body.
78 A council is composed of
(a) the head of the council; and
(b) not fewer than four and not more than 10 councillors.
Number of councillors
79(1) A council may by by-law change the number of councillors.
By-law applying to next general election
79(2) If the by-law is passed 180 or more days before the next general election, it takes effect at the election.
By-law applying after next general election
79(3) If the by-law is passed fewer than 180 days before the next general election, it takes effect at the second general election after the by-law is passed.
Public notice required
79(4) The council must give public notice of the proposed by-law before third reading.
Titles of councillors and head of council
80 A councillor is to have the title "councillor" and the head of a council is to have the title "mayor", "reeve" or "head of council" as the council may designate in its organizational by-law.
Youth member
81(1) A council may appoint a person with the title "youth member" to sit with the council and to participate in its deliberations, for a term and on conditions that the council may decide.
81(2) A youth member must be less than 18 years of age or enrolled as a full-time student in a school.
Youth member not counted for quorum or vote
81(3) A youth member is not counted for the purpose of determining a quorum or deciding a vote of the council.
Council's role
82 A council is responsible
(a) for developing and evaluating the policies and programs of the municipality;
(b) for ensuring that the powers, duties and functions of the municipality are appropriately carried out; and
(c) for carrying out the powers, duties and functions expressly given to the council under this or any other Act.
General duties of members
83(1) Each member of a council has the following duties:
(a) to consider the well-being and interests of the municipality as a whole and to bring to the council's attention anything that would promote the well-being or interests of the municipality;
(b) to participate generally in developing and evaluating the policies and programs of the municipality;
(c) to participate in meetings of the council and of council committees and other bodies to which the member is appointed by the council;
(d) to keep in confidence a matter that is discussed at a meeting closed to the public under subsection 152(3) and that the committee decides to keep confidential until the matter is discussed at a meeting of the council or of a committee conducted in public;
(d.1) to comply with the code of conduct for members of council;
(e) to perform any other duty or function imposed on the member by the council or this or any other Act.
Duties of the head of council
83(2) In addition to performing the duties of a member of a council, the head of council has a duty
(a) to preside when in attendance at a council meeting, except where the procedures by-law or this or any other Act otherwise provides;
(b) to provide leadership and direction to the council; and
(c) to perform any other duty or function assigned to a head of council by the council or by this or any other Act.
Member may discuss confidential matter with C.A.O.
84 Despite clause 83(1)(d), a member may discuss with the chief administrative officer or a designated officer a matter referred to in that clause before the matter is made public as provided in that clause.
Code of conduct for members of council
84.1(1) A council must establish a code of conduct that applies to the members of council.
Content of code
84.1(2) The code of conduct is to set guidelines that define the standards and values that the council expects members to meet in their dealings with each other, employees of the municipality and the public.
84.1(3) A council may censure a member if it determines that the member has breached the code of conduct.
Approval of resolution
84.1(4) To be approved, the number of members who must affirm the resolution to censure is the majority of all the members, plus one.
Matters that a council may delegate
85(1) A council may by by-law delegate any of its powers, duties or functions under a by-law or this or any other Act to the head of council, a council committee, the chief administrative officer or a designated officer, unless the by-law or Act otherwise provides.
Matters that a council may not delegate
85(2) A council may not delegate
(a) its power or duty to pass a resolution or by-law;
(b) its power to make, suspend or revoke the appointment of a person to the position of chief administrative officer;
(c) its duty to hold a public hearing under this Act; or
(d) a duty to decide appeals imposed on it by a by-law or this or any other Act, whether generally or on a case by case basis, unless the delegation is to a council committee and authorized by by-law.
DATE OF ELECTIONS
General election of council every four years
86(1) Each municipality must hold a general election on the fourth Wednesday of October in the year 1998 and in each fourth year thereafter.
86(2) [Repealed] S.M. 2005, c. 27, s. 158.
General election in Dunnottar, Victoria Beach and Winnipeg Beach
86(3) Despite subsection (1), the following municipalities must hold a general election on the fourth Friday of July in the year 2006 and in each fourth year after that:
(a) the Village of Dunnottar;
(b) the Rural Municipality of Victoria Beach;
(c) the Town of Winnipeg Beach.
Election by whole municipality or by wards
87(1) Every member of a council is to be elected by a vote of the voters of the whole municipality unless the council by by-law provides that the councillors are to be elected on the basis of wards.
By-law for election by wards
87(2) If, on the day this Act comes into force, the councillors of a municipality are elected on the basis of wards, the council must pass a by-law under this section to continue elections on the basis of wards.
By-law effective for next general election
87(3) A by-law under this section must
(a) take effect only at a general election; and
(b) be passed at least 180 days before the general election at which it is to take effect.
Content of by-law
(a) divide the municipality into wards and establish their boundaries; and
(b) give each ward a name or number, or both.
Criteria for division into wards
88 In dividing a municipality into wards and establishing ward boundaries, or in making a change in the number of wards or ward boundaries, a council
(a) must try to achieve an approximately equal number of residents in each ward; and
(b) may take into consideration
(i) community or diversity of interests,
(ii) topographical features,
(iii) settlement patterns, and
(iv) population trends.
Review by Municipal Board
89(1) If requested in writing by at least 25 voters of the municipality, The Municipal Board may review a by-law that divides a municipality into wards and establishes ward boundaries or a by-law that eliminates wards or changes the number of wards or the ward boundaries.
89(2) The Municipal Board must hold a hearing when it conducts a review.
Power on review
89(3) If on a review The Municipal Board is not satisfied that the by-law is appropriate, the Board may
(a) refer the by-law back to the council for further consideration; or
(b) require the council to amend the by-law as directed by the Board.
ELIGIBILITY FOR NOMINATION AND ELECTION
90(1) A person is eligible to be nominated as a candidate and elected as a member of a council if the person is
(a) at least 18 years of age on the day of the election;
(b) a Canadian citizen;
(c) a resident of the province;
(d) a voter of the municipality; and
(e) not subject to any disqualification under this or any other Act.
Application to Flin Flon
90(2) Despite clause (1)(c), a person who is a resident of the boundary area defined in The Flin Flon Extension of Boundaries Act, S.M. 1989-90, c. 73, is eligible to be nominated and elected as a member of the council of the City of Flin Flon.
Persons who are disqualified
91 The following persons are disqualified from being nominated for, being elected to, and from membership on, a council:
(a) a judge of the Court of Queen's Bench or The Court of Appeal;
(b) a provincial judge or justice of the peace;
(c) a member of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba or the Senate or House of Commons of Canada; or
(d) subject to section 92, an employee of the municipality and an employee of an affiliated body of the municipality.
RIGHTS OF EMPLOYEES IN ELECTIONS
Definition of "employee"
92(1) In this section, "employee" means a person employed by
(a) a municipality; or
(b) an affiliated body — including a committee, commission, board, association or other entity — of a municipality;
but does not include a person who volunteers services to the municipality, whether or not the person receives reasonable compensation or expense money from the municipality for his or her voluntary service.
Interpretation: "affiliated body"
92(1.1) For the purpose of this section, a body is affiliated with a municipality if a majority of the members of the body, or a majority of the members of the board of management or board of directors of the body, are appointed by
(a) the council of the municipality; or
(b) the council of the municipality and the council of one or more other municipalities.
92(2) An employee may
(a) subject to subsection (3), seek nomination as, and be, a candidate in a municipal, provincial or federal election and, if elected, serve; and
(b) support, speak or write on behalf of a candidate or a political party in an election, if in doing so the employee does not reveal any information or matter concerning the municipality or affiliated body by which the employee is employed, or any information that the employee procures or that comes to the employee's knowledge solely because of the employment.
Exception of chief administrative officer
92(3) Clause (2)(a) does not apply to a chief administrative officer in respect of the municipality by which the officer is employed.
Leave of absence for municipal election
92(4) An employee who proposes to become a candidate for election as a member of the council of the municipality by which he or she is employed, or the municipality for which his or her employer is an affiliated body, may request a leave of absence and, subject to subsection (4.1), the application must be granted.
Request for leave
92(4.1) A municipality or affiliated body must grant an employee's request if the request
(a) is made to the chief administrative officer of the municipality or the administrative head of the affiliated body, as applicable; and
(b) is, as specified by the employee, for all or part of the period
(i) starting on the last day on which nomination papers may be filed in the election, and
(ii) ending not later than 30 days after the day on which the results of the election are officially declared.
Candidacy in other elections
92(5) An employee who proposes to become a candidate for election as a member of the Legislative Assembly or the House of Commons may apply to the chief administrative officer or the administrative head of the affiliated body, as applicable, for leave of absence for a period starting on the day on which the writ for the election is issued and ending
(a) where the employee is nominated as a candidate, not later than 30 days after the day on which the results of the election are officially declared; and
(b) where the employee is not nominated as a candidate, not earlier than the day fixed by law for the nomination of candidates in the election;
or a part of the applicable period of time, as requested by the employee; and every such application must be granted.
Nature of leave of absence
92(6) A leave of absence granted under subsections (4) and (5) must be granted
(a) where the employee is entitled to vacation leave with pay, and the employee so requests, as vacation leave with pay until the vacation leave with pay expires and after that time as leave without pay; or
(b) as leave without pay.
Election as member of council or committee of L.U.D.
92(7) In the following circumstances, an employee who is elected as a member of the council or the committee of a local urban district must be placed on a leave of absence without pay for a period starting on the day of the election and ending on the earlier of the day that is eight years and one month after the day of the election, or the day that is one month after the day the employee ceases to hold the elected office:
(a) if the employee is elected as a member of the council of the municipality that employs the employee;
(b) if the employee is elected as a member of the committee of a local urban district in the municipality that employs the employee;
(c) if the employee is employed by an affiliated body of the municipality, and he or she is elected as a member of the council of the municipality or the committee of a local urban district in the municipality.
Election as M.L.A. or M.P.
92(8) An employee who is elected to the Legislative Assembly or the House of Commons may apply to the municipality or affiliated body for a leave of absence without pay for a period starting on the day of the election and ending on the earlier of
(a) the expiry of five years and four months after the day of the election; and
(b) three months after the employee ceases for any reason to be a member of the Legislative Assembly or House of Commons;
and every such application must be granted.
Reinstatement of defeated candidate
92(9) An employee who is granted a leave of absence under subsection (4) or (5) and who is not elected must, on application before the expiry of the leave of absence, be reinstated to the position held immediately before the date of the leave of absence.
Reinstatement of elected candidate
92(10) An employee who is placed on or granted a leave of absence under subsection (7) or (8) may, before the expiry of the leave of absence, apply to the municipality or affiliated body to be reinstated and, as long as the employee is not a member of the council or the committee of a local urban district in the municipality, the employee must, within 60 days, be reinstated to the position held immediately before the date the leave of absence is granted or to a reasonably equivalent position.
Rights during leave of absence
92(11) Where a person is placed on or granted a leave of absence under this section,
(a) the period of service before the leave of absence begins, and the period of service after the leave of absence ends, is deemed for all purposes to be unbroken; and
(b) the period of the leave of absence, for the purpose of determining the seniority of the employee in relation to other persons in that employment, is deemed to be a period of service in the employment of the municipality or affiliated body.
92(12) The rights of an employee to benefits to which employees are entitled during the period of a leave of absence must be determined in accordance with the terms of the collective agreement or other agreement or a policy of the municipality or affiliated body under which the benefits are provided, and the period of the leave of absence must be treated, for the purpose of qualification for a benefit, in accordance with the agreement or policy.
S.M. 1998, c. 33, s. 8; S.M. 1999, c. 28, s. 7; S.M. 2012, c. 25, s. 5.
CAMPAIGN FINANCING
93.1(1) The following definitions apply in this section and in sections 93.2 to 93.18.
"campaign account" means, in respect of a registered candidate, an account that is listed in his or her application to become a registered candidate. (« compte de campagne »)
"campaign expense" means
(a) money spent or liabilities incurred; and
(b) the value of non-monetary contributions accepted;
in respect of goods used or services provided, by or on behalf of, and with the knowledge and consent of, a registered candidate during a campaign period, for the purpose of an election, but does not include expenses relating to a recount in respect of the election. (« dépenses électorales »)
"campaign period" means
(a) in a general election
(i) in Dunnottar, Victoria Beach and Winnipeg Beach, the period
(A) in the case of a candidate for head of council, beginning on February 1 and ending on December 31 of the year of the election, and
(B) in the case of other candidates, beginning on March 31 and ending on December 31 of the year of the election, and
(ii) in any other municipality, the period
(A) in the case of a candidate for head of council, beginning on May 1 in the year of the election and ending on March 31 of the year after the election, and
(B) in the case of other candidates, beginning on June 30 in the year of the election and ending on March 31 of the year after the election; and
(b) in a by-election, beginning on the day when the senior election official receives the request from council to hold the by-election and ending on the day that is 90 days after the by-election. (« période de campagne électorale »)
"contribution" means money paid, or a non-monetary contribution provided, by a contributor to or for the benefit of a registered candidate, without compensation from the candidate. (« contribution »)
"financial institution" means a bank, credit union, trust company or other similar institution. (« établissement financier »)
"non-monetary contribution" means goods or services provided to or for the benefit of a registered candidate, without compensation from the candidate, and includes
(a) services of an employee provided by an employer;
(b) goods produced or donated voluntarily by a contributor who is a commercial supplier of the goods; and
(c) services provided voluntarily by a contributor who is a commercial or occupational supplier of the services;
but does not include
(d) money;
(e) goods produced or donated voluntarily, other than in clause (b); or
(f) services provided voluntarily, other than in clause (c). (« contribution non monétaire »)
"organization" includes
(a) a trade union, a partnership and an unincorporated association;
(b) a political party registered under the Canada Elections Act, or a constituency association of such a party; and
(c) a political party registered under The Election Financing Act, or a constituency association of such a party. (« organisation »)
"registered candidate" means a candidate who has been registered under section 93.3. (« candidat inscrit »)
Value of non-monetary contribution
93.1(2) The value of a non-monetary contribution is
(a) the fair market value of the goods or services at the time of the donation; or
(b) where the non-monetary contribution is services of an employee provided by an employer, the cost to the employer of the salary or wages of the employee whose services are provided for the period during which the services are provided.
S.M. 2009, c. 35, s. 7; S.M. 2012, c. 35, Sch. A, s. 120.
By-law on expenses and contributions
93.2 A council must pass a by-law, not inconsistent with The Municipal Council Conflict of Interest Act,
(a) prescribing the limit to campaign expenses that may be incurred by a registered candidate for head of council and by a registered candidate for councillor;
(b) prescribing the portion of income from a fund-raising event that is deemed to be a contribution, and the portion that is deemed to be campaign expenses;
(c) prescribing the manner in which registered candidates must keep records of contributions received and campaign expenses incurred by them;
(d) in respect of an election finance statement required to be filed under section 93.12,
(i) prescribing additional information, if any, required to be included in the statement, and
(ii) prescribing the date by which the statement must be filed, which must not be more than 210 days after the election;
(e) prescribing the date by which any further statement requested by the chief administrative office under subsection 93.12(2) must be filed, which must not be more than 60 days after the registered candidate receives the request; and
(f) prescribing forms for the purposes of the by-law.
Registration of prospective candidates
93.3(1) The senior election official must register an individual who proposes to be a candidate in an election if
(a) during the campaign period for the election and before nominations close, the individual applies for registration in a form approved by the senior election official; and
(b) the senior election official is satisfied that the individual is eligible to be nominated in the election.
Information that must be provided
93.3(2) When applying to be registered as a candidate, the individual must provide
(a) his or her name and address;
(b) the name and address of any financial institution in which accounts are to be used by or on behalf of the individual for the purpose of the election campaign, and the numbers of every such account; and
(c) any additional information required by the senior election official.
Report of change in information
93.3(3) An individual must immediately notify the senior election official in writing of any changes in the information provided by him or her under this section.
No contribution, expenses or borrowing until registered
93.4 No individual, other than a registered candidate, and no person acting on the individual's behalf, shall, for the purpose of electing the individual,
(a) solicit or accept a contribution;
(b) borrow money; or
(c) incur an expense.
Registered candidate entitled to copy of voters list
93.5 The senior election official must give a registered candidate, on request, a copy of the voters list. The senior election official may determine the form in which the list is given.
Only individual residents may contribute
93.6(1) No person or organization other than an individual normally resident in Manitoba shall make a contribution to a registered candidate.
93.6(2) Despite subsection (1), an individual who is normally resident in the boundary area defined in The Flin Flon Extension of Boundaries Act, S.M. 1989-90, c.73, may make a contribution to a registered candidate in an election in the City of Flin Flon.
Limit on contributions by individuals
93.6(3) No individual shall make contributions that exceed
(a) $1,500. to a registered candidate who is a candidate for the office of head of council;
(b) $1,500. to a registered candidate who is a candidate for the office of councillor, if councillors are elected by a vote of the voters of the whole municipality; or
(c) $750. to a registered candidate who is a candidate for the office of councillor, if councillors are elected on the basis of wards.
Prohibited contributions not to be accepted
93.6(4) A registered candidate in an election shall not
(a) solicit or accept a contribution from
(i) a person who is not an individual normally resident in Manitoba, or
(ii) an organization;
(b) solicit or knowingly accept a contribution that exceeds the limits established in subsection (3); or
(c) incur campaign expenses in respect of the election in excess of the limit prescribed in the by-law passed under clause 93.2(a).
Return of contribution
93.6(5) A registered candidate, on learning of any contribution accepted by or on behalf of him or her is contrary to this Act, shall immediately return to the contributor
(a) the contribution; or
(b) the amount of money equal to the value of the contribution.
Candidate's personal contributions
93.7(1) A registered candidate may make a contribution
(a) to his or her own election campaign; or
(b) to the election campaign of another registered candidate.
Limit applies to contributions of candidate
93.7(2) For certainty, the limit to the contributions established in subsection 93.6(3) applies to the contributions made by a registered candidate.
Anonymous contributions
93.8 A registered candidate who is given an anonymous contribution must not spend the contribution, but rather must turn it over to the senior election official. Contributions turned over to the senior election official become part of the general funds of the municipality.
Loans only from financial institutions
93.9(1) A registered candidate shall not solicit or accept a loan for the purposes of an election, except from a financial institution.
Prohibition making loan
93.9(2) No person or organization, other than a financial institution, shall make a loan to a registered candidate for the purposes of an election.
Loans to registered candidates
93.9(3) A loan made by a financial institution to a registered candidate is not a contribution.
Loan must be paid into campaign account
93.9(4) A registered candidate shall ensure that a loan received from a financial institution is paid directly into a campaign account of the candidate.
Loan payments must be made from campaign account
93.9(5) Payments on a loan made to a registered candidate must be made from a campaign account of the candidate.
Loan payments made in different manner
93.9(6) A payment on a loan made to a registered candidate that is not made from a campaign account of the candidate is a contribution to the candidate made by the person or organization that made the payment.
No loans from registered candidates to others
93.10 A registered candidate shall not lend money raised for the purposes of an election to another person or to any organization.
Duties of registered candidate
93.11 A registered candidate in an election must ensure that
(a) proper records are kept of the contributions made to, and the campaign expenses incurred by, the candidate;
(b) monetary contributions are deposited in a campaign account of the candidate;
(c) a campaign account of the candidate is used only for the purpose of the election campaign of the candidate;
(d) all payments relating to or arising out of the campaign are made only by cheque drawn on a campaign account of the candidate; and
(e) all financial records relating to the election campaign of the candidate are retained for not less than two years after the election and made available on request to the chief administrative officer.
Candidate to file election finance statement
93.12(1) Each registered candidate in an election must file with the chief administrative officer an election finance statement that contains the following information in respect of the campaign period of the election:
(a) all contributions received and expenses incurred by the candidate;
(b) the name, address and the contribution of each contributor who has made to the candidate a contribution of more than $250.;
(c) an itemized list of campaign expenses incurred by the candidate;
(d) the contributions and expenses relating to each fund-raising event, in accordance with apportioning prescribed in a by-law passed under clause 93.2(b);
(e) particulars of any loan made to the candidate for the purpose of the election campaign, including the name of the financial institution that made the loan, the principal amount of the loan, the interest rate on the loan and the terms of repayment;
(f) any other information required by the by-law passed under subclause 93.2(d)(i).
Further statement
93.12(2) If the chief administrative officer finds an election finance statement filed by a registered candidate to be incorrect or incomplete and notifies the candidate in writing of the finding, the candidate is required, not later than a day prescribed in the by-law passed under clause 93.2(e) and specified in the notice, to file with the chief administrative officer a further statement containing the information required under subsection (1).
Audit may be required
93.13(1) A council may by by-law require election finance statements, and further statements requested under subsection 93.12(2), to be audited.
Qualifications of auditor
93.13(2) If a council has passed a by-law under subsection (1), a candidate's election finance statement and any further statement requested from the candidate under subsection 93.12(2) must be prepared by an auditor
(a) who is entitled to practise as an accountant under The Chartered Accountants Act, The Certified General Accountants Act or The Certified Management Accountants Act; and
(b) who is not involved in the election for which the statement is prepared as an election official, as defined in section 1 of The Municipal Councils and School Boards Elections Act, a candidate, or in raising funds for a registered candidate, and who certifies to that effect.
Appointment of auditor
93.13(3) If a council passes a by-law under subsection (1), the candidate must include the name and address of the candidate's auditor in the candidate's application to be registered under section 93.3.
Audit expenses are not campaign expense
93.13(4) The expense incurred by the candidate in having a statement audited is not a campaign expense of the candidate.
Effective date of by-law
93.13(5) A by-law under this section must be passed at least 180 days before the election in respect of which it is to take effect.
Claims for campaign expenses
93.14 A person who has a claim against a registered candidate in an election for payment in relation to the election must submit the claim in writing to the candidate within 30 days after the election day in the election.
Surplus payable to municipality
93.15(1) Where a registered candidate's election finance statement filed under subsection 93.12(1) shows a surplus of funds, the candidate must immediately pay the surplus to the municipality which must hold it in trust on behalf of the candidate for use by the candidate in the next general election.
Release of surplus
93.15(2) The municipality must not release money held under subsection (1) in trust on behalf of an individual who was a registered candidate in an election until the individual is registered under section 93.3 (registration of prospective candidates) for the next general election, and if the individual
(a) advises the senior election official in writing that the individual will not seek nomination;
(b) is not nominated; or
(c) is not registered under section 93.3 as a candidate;
in the next general election, the money must be paid into the general funds of the municipality.
Failure by elected candidate to file statement
93.16(1) Where a registered candidate who is elected in an election fails to file
(a) an election finance statement required under subsection 93.12(1) before the date prescribed in a by-law passed under subclause 93.2(d)(ii); or
(b) a further statement required under subsection 93.12(2) before the date prescribed in a by-law passed under clause 93.2(e);
the chief administrative officer must provide a written report of the failure to council at its next meeting, and the candidate must not sit on council until the chief administrative officer reports to council that the candidate's statement has been filed.
Forfeiture of seat
93.16(2) Every registered candidate elected in an election forfeits his or her seat on council if the candidate fails to comply with section 93.12 (filing election finance statement) within 270 days after the day of the election.
Failure of other registered candidates to file
93.16(3) Where an individual who is registered as a candidate in an election and who is not nominated, withdraws, or is not elected in the election, fails to comply with section 93.12 (filing election finance statement), the individual is disqualified from being nominated for or elected as a member of council until after the next general election.
By-law establishing tax credits and rebates for contributions
93.17(1) A council may by by-law establish a program that entitles a contributor who made a contribution to a registered candidate during a campaign period to
(a) a credit, of an amount equal to part of the contribution, against taxes that are imposed by the municipality and that are payable by the contributor; or
(b) a rebate of part of the contribution.
Contents of by-law
93.17(2) A by-law under subsection (1) may, without limiting the generality of that subsection,
(a) specify the taxes against which there may be a credit;
(b) provide for the amount, or the means of determining the amount, of the credit or rebate of contribution;
(c) establish a maximum credit for contributions, or a maximum rebate of contributions, made by a contributor to all candidates in an election;
(d) impose terms and conditions on the entitlement to the credit or rebate; and
(e) provide for any other matter respecting the credits and rebates that the council considers necessary or advisable.
By-law establishing reimbursement of campaign expenses
93.18(1) A council may by by-law establish a program that entitles a candidate to reimbursement of a portion of his or her campaign expenses.
(a) establish the campaign expenses that are eligible for reimbursement;
(b) provide for the amount, or the means of determining the amount, of reimbursement of campaign expenses;
(c) impose terms and conditions on the entitlement to the reimbursement; and
(d) provide for any other matter respecting reimbursement of campaign expenses that the council considers necessary or advisable.
Offence and penalty
93.19(1) Every person who contravenes or fails to comply with any of sections 93.4, 93.6, 93.8 to 93.12 or 93.15, or the by-law passed under section 93.2, is guilty of an offence and is liable on summary conviction to a fine of not more than $5,000.
Time limits on prosecution
93.19(2) A prosecution for an offence under this section may not be commenced later than six months after the day on which evidence sufficient to justify a prosecution for the offence came to the knowledge of the chief administrative officer. The certificate of the chief administrative officer as to the day on which the evidence came to his or her knowledge is evidence of that date.
DISQUALIFICATION OF MEMBERS
When member becomes disqualified
94(1) A member of a council is disqualified from council if he or she
(a) is absent for the full duration of three consecutive regular council meetings unless the absences are with the leave of the council, granted by a resolution passed at any of the three meetings, a prior meeting or the next meeting following the third absence;
(b) is the councillor appointed to the committee of a local urban district under clause 112(1)(a) and is absent for the full duration of three consecutive regular committee meetings unless the absences are with the leave of the committee granted by a resolution of the committee passed at any one of the three meetings, a prior meeting or the next meeting following the third absence;
(c) when nominated or elected, was not eligible as a candidate under this Act;
(c.1) forfeits his or her seat under subsection 93.16(2);
(d) is liable to the municipality under a judgment in an action under section 171;
(e) is convicted of an offence under this or any other Act and has not paid a fine imposed on conviction within 120 days after the fine was imposed or such time as the court has permitted for payment;
(f) is convicted of
(i) an offence punishable by imprisonment for five or more years, or
(ii) an offence under section 122 (breach of trust by public officer), 123 (municipal corruption), 124 (selling or purchasing office) or 125 (influencing or negotiating appointments or dealings in office) of the Criminal Code (Canada);
(g) ceases to be qualified as a voter; or
(h) breaches the requirement of confidentiality under clause 83(1)(d).
Eligibility at next election
94(2) A member of a council who is disqualified under this section is eligible to be elected at the next general election in the municipality if the person is then otherwise eligible for nomination under section 90.
Eligibility after disqualification under Conflict of Interest Act
94(3) A member of a council who is disqualified under The Municipal Council Conflict of Interest Act is eligible to be elected at the next general election in the municipality if the person is then otherwise eligible for nomination under section 90.
S.M. 2005, c. 27, s. 158; S.M. 2009, c. 35, s. 9.
Disqualified person must resign
95(1) A member of a council who is disqualified under this Act must resign immediately.
Application to court
95(2) If the member of a council does not resign immediately upon disqualification, the court may, on application, declare the member to be disqualified and his or her position on the council to be vacant.
How application made
95(3) An application for a declaration that alleges that the member
(a) is disqualified as of the day of the election must be made under Part 9 (Challenging Results of Election or Vote) of The Municipal Councils and School Boards Elections Act; and
(b) is disqualified as of a date that is after the day of the election must be made in accordance with this section.
95(4) An application for a declaration under this section may be made by the council or by 10 or more voters.
When application may be made
95(5) An application under this section must be made during the member's term of office.
Powers of court on application
95(6) After hearing an application under this section, the court may
(a) declare the member to be disqualified and the member's position on the council to be vacant; or
(b) dismiss the application.
96(1) The decision of a court under section 95 may be appealed to The Court of Appeal.
No stay
96(2) A person who is declared to be disqualified under section 95 remains disqualified until the appeal is finally determined.
96(3) If, on the final determination of the appeal, the disqualification is set aside, The Court of Appeal may reinstate the person as a member of the council for any unexpired portion of the term of office for which he or she was elected and require any person who has been elected to fill the balance of that term to vacate the office.
No reinstatement if term has expired
96(4) If, on the final determination of the appeal, the disqualification is set aside but the term of office for which the person was elected has expired, the person must not be reinstated but is eligible to be elected at the next election in the municipality if otherwise qualified.
Reimbursement of costs and expenses
97 If an application under section 95 is dismissed, the council may reimburse the person in respect of whom the application was made for any costs and expenses that the council considers reasonable, other than costs awarded to the person by the court.
TERM OF OFFICE, FIRST COUNCIL MEETING, OATH OF OFFICE
Term of office after general election
99(1) The term of office of a member of a council elected at a general election starts at 12 noon on the day following the election and ends at 12 noon on the day following the next general election.
Powers of outgoing council after election day
99(2) After a general election, the outgoing council may exercise only the powers that are required to be exercised under The Emergency Measures Act before the first meeting of the new council.
First meeting of new council after election
100 The first meeting of an incoming council after a general election must be held within 30 days after the day of the election.
101(1) A person elected as a member of a council must make and file with the chief administrative officer an oath of office in the form approved by the minister, and the person may not carry out a power, duty or function as a member of the council until the oath of office is filed.
Failure to comply
101(2) If an elected person does not, within 30 days after being elected, comply with subsection (1), the position to which the person was elected is deemed to be vacant and the person is disqualified from being nominated for, being elected to and from membership on the council until the next general election.
VACANCIES AND BY-ELECTIONS
Vacancy in councillor position after general election
102(1) If a councillor position is not filled at a general election, the members who are elected may fill the vacancy by appointing as councillor a person who was eligible to be nominated for the position at the election, and any person so appointed is deemed to have been elected at a by-election.
Vacancy in head of council position after general election
102(2) If the position of head of council is not filled at a general election, the councillors who are elected may appoint one of their number as the head of council, in which case the appointed councillor is deemed to have been elected as the head of council at the election and a by-election must be held to fill the councillor position.
Vacancy after by-election
102(3) If no person is elected at a by-election held to fill a vacancy on a council, subsections (1) and (2) apply with necessary modifications.
Section does not apply in case of a tie or death
102(4) This section does not apply
(a) if two or more candidates in an election cannot be declared elected because the same number of votes were cast for each; or
(b) if a position on a council is not filled at an election because a candidate has died.
Appointment of administrator if no council or quorum
103 Despite section 102, if the number of members of a council is fewer than is required for a quorum or if a council resigns, the Lieutenant Governor in Council may appoint an administrator for the municipality, in which case the provisions of Division 6 (Municipalities in Financial Difficulties) of Part 6 relating to administrators apply with necessary modifications.
Resignation of member
104(1) The resignation of a member must be in writing and given to the chief administrative officer.
Effective day of resignation
104(2) A resignation is effective and a vacancy on the council occurs at the time the resignation is given to the chief administrative officer despite any other date set out in the resignation, and the resignation may not thereafter be revoked.
104(3) [Repealed] S.M. 2005, c. 27, s. 158.
C.A.O. to report resignation to council
104(4) The chief administrative officer must report a resignation at the first meeting of the council after the resignation is received.
By-election to fill vacancy on council
105(1) Subject to section 102 (vacancy after election), a council must hold a by-election to fill a vacancy on the council as soon as is reasonably possible unless
(a) the vacancy occurs in the six months before the next general election; or
(b) the vacancy occurs in the 12 months before the next general election and the remaining members
(i) are a majority of the number of members comprising the council, and
(ii) decide not to hold a by-election.
Appointment of head of council by councillors
105(2) If the position of head of council becomes vacant and a by-election is not required under subsection (1), the council may appoint one of their number as the head of council.
By-election to be held on request of council
105(3) The senior election official must hold a by-election when requested to do so by a council. Election day for the election must be as soon as reasonably practicable, but in fixing the day the senior election official must consider
(a) voter participation; and
(b) availability of persons to serve as election officials, and facilities to be used as voting places.
TERM OF OFFICE
Term of office of appointed member
106(1) The term of office of a member of a council who is appointed by the council starts when the appointment is made and ends at 12 noon on the day following the next general election.
Term of office of member elected at by-election
106(2) The term of office of a person who is elected at a by-election as a member of a council starts at 12 noon on the day following the by-election and ends at 12 noon on the day following the next general election.
Appointed, elected person to file oath of office
106(3) Section 101 (oath of office) applies with necessary modifications to a person appointed by a council or elected at a by-election.
Composition of council committees
107(1) A council committee, other than the committee of a local urban district, may be composed
(a) entirely of members of the council;
(b) of a combination of members and other persons; or
(c) entirely of persons who are not members of the council.
Head of council is member of all committees
107(2) The head of council is a member of all council committees referred to in subsection (1) unless the council expressly provides otherwise in its organizational by-law.
When committee resolution binds council
108 A resolution of a council committee is not binding upon the council unless it is passed by the council as a resolution of the council.
Application of council provisions to committees
109(1) The following provisions apply to council committees, with necessary modifications:
(a) section 133 (minutes);
(b) subsections 135(1), (2) and (4) (quorum);
(c) sections 136 and 138 (voting).
Council may exempt employee committee
109(2) A council that establishes a committee composed entirely of municipal employees may exempt the committee from the application of subsection (1).
Application of Conflict of Interest Act to member of L.U.D. committee
110(1) The Municipal Council Conflict of Interest Act, except subsections 3(1) and 7(4) (application to Winnipeg), as that Act applies to a councillor, applies with necessary modifications to a person who
(a) is a member of the committee of a local urban district; and
(b) is not a councillor.
Application of Conflict of Interest Act to member of committee other than L.U.D. committee
110(2) The Municipal Council Conflict of Interest Act, except subsections 3(1) and 7(4) (application to Winnipeg), sections 9 to 13 (disclosure of assets) and subsection 18(2) (disqualification for failure to file statement), as that Act applies to a councillor, applies with necessary modifications to a person who
(a) is a member of a council committee other than the committee of a local urban district; and
Interpretation of subsection (2)
110(3) For greater certainty, in relation to a member of a council committee described in subsection (2), a reference in subsection 18(1) (disqualification for violation) and clause 21(2)(a) (penalty for violation) of The Municipal Council Conflict of Interest Act
(a) to a councillor's disqualification from office is to be read as a reference to the disqualification of a member of the council committee from sitting on a committee of the council; and
(b) to a councillor's seat becoming vacant is to be read as revocation of the membership of the member on the council committee.
Eligibility of elected member of L.U.D. committee after disqualification
111 An elected member of the committee of a local urban district who is disqualified under The Municipal Conflict of Interest Act is eligible to be elected at the next general election in the municipality if the person is then otherwise eligible for nomination under this Act.
LOCAL URBAN DISTRICTS
Status and membership of committee
112(1) The committee of a local urban district is a committee of the council of the municipality in which the district is located and consists of
(a) a councillor of the municipality appointed by the council; and
(b) not more than three members elected by the voters of the local urban district.
112(2) [Repealed] S.M. 1999, c. 28, s. 8.
Councillor when municipality has wards
112(3) If the councillors of the municipality are elected from wards, the council must appoint the councillor elected for the ward in which the local urban district, or most of the local urban district, is located.
District to vote in election of committee members
113(1) Every elected member of the committee of a local urban district is to be elected by a vote of the whole of the district.
113(1.1) To be eligible to be nominated as a candidate and elected as a member of the committee of a local urban district, a person must
(a) meet the requirements of subsection 90(1); and
(b) have been, for at least six months immediately before election day,
(i) a resident of the local urban district, or
(ii) a registered owner, as defined in The Municipal Assessment Act, of land in the local urban district;
Provisions applicable to election
113(2) The following provisions apply with necessary modifications to the election of members of the committee of a local urban district who are to be elected:
(a) section 86 (general elections);
(b) [repealed] S.M. 2012, c. 25, s. 7;
(c) section 91 (persons who are disqualified);
(d) section 92 (leave of absence);
(e) [repealed] S.M. 2005, c. 27, s. 158;
(f) section 94 (disqualification);
(g) section 95 (disqualified person must resign);
(h) section 96 (appeal);
(i) section 97 (reimbursement);
(j) [repealed] S.M. 2005, c. 27, s. 158;
(k) section 99 (term of office):
(l) section 100 (first meeting of new council);
(m) section 101 (oath of office);
(n) section 102, except subsection (2) (vacancy after election);
(o) section 104 (resignation);
(p) subsections 105(1) and (3) (by-election);
(q) subsections 106(2) (term of office of member elected at by-election) and (3) (oath of office).
Appointment when no quorum
113(3) If the number of members of the committee of a local urban district elected is fewer than is required for a quorum, the council of the municipality in which the local urban district is located may appoint as a member of the committee a person, other than a councillor, who would be qualified to be nominated for election to the local urban district.
Person eligible for only one office
113(4) A person is not eligible to be nominated for or elected
(a) to more than one office on the committee of a local urban district at any one time; or
(b) to an office on the committee of more than one local urban district.
Municipal Councils and School Boards Elections Act applies
113(5) Subject to this section, the election of members of the committee of a local urban district must be conducted in accordance with The Municipal Councils and School Boards Elections Act.
S.M. 2005, c. 27, s. 158; S.M. 2012, c. 25, s. 6 and 7.
Committee of L.U.D. to pass procedures resolution
114(1) The committee of a local urban district must by resolution establish rules of procedure and every committee must review the resolution at least once during its term of office.
Committee bound by procedures resolution
114(2) The committee must govern itself in accordance with its procedures resolution.
Application of procedures by-law
114(3) Subsection 149(3) (content of procedures by-law) applies with necessary modifications to a procedures resolution of the committee of a local urban district.
Duties of committee members
115 Subsection 83(1) (general duties of members of council) applies with necessary modifications to the members of the committee of a local urban district.
Compensation and expenses of committee members
116(1) Subject to subsection (3), section 124 applies with necessary modifications to the committee of a local urban district and its members.
Interpretation of compensation provisions
116(2) For greater certainty,
(a) a reference to a council acting by by-law is to be read as a reference to the committee of a local urban district acting by resolution; and
(b) a reference to a member of a council is to be read as a reference to the committee of the local urban district.
Limit on compensation and expenses
116(3) A local urban committee must not set a rate for a type of payment that is greater than the rate set for councillors for that type of payment under section 124.
Compensation and expenses of appointed councillor
116(4) A councillor appointed to the committee of a local urban district may accept payment under a by-law of the council under section 124 or the resolution of the committee under this section, but not both.
Responsibilities of committee
117(1) The committee of a local urban district is responsible for
(a) preparing and adopting a service plan for the local urban district;
(b) submitting the service plan to the council before it adopts its operating and capital budgets; and
(c) the exercise of those powers delegated to it by the council of the municipality.
Restriction on delegation
117(2) A council must not delegate to the committee of a local urban district or a member of a committee the power to enter into on behalf of, or administer, any contract of the municipality or to deliver any service on the municipality's behalf.
118(1) In this section, "service" means
(a) the acquisition, development, upgrading or renewal of
(i) sewage collection, treatment and disposal facilities,
(ii) water supply, treatment and distribution facilities,
(iii) waste management facilities,
(iv) municipal roads,
(v) sidewalks,
(vi) street lights, or
(vii) a public park; or
(b) the maintenance and operation of anything described in clause (a).
Content of service plan
118(2) A service plan must annually
(a) describe the proposed type and level of services to be provided in the local urban district;
(b) describe the area of the local urban district to which each of the types of service will be provided;
(c) specify that the services that are to be paid for by a tax imposed on property within the local urban district;
(d) contain an operating budget and a capital budget for the costs of the services, including the costs of the operation of the committee; and
(e) propose any local improvement or special service to be initiated in the local urban district under Division 4 (Local Improvements and Special Services) of Part 10 (Powers of Taxation).
Application of Part 6, Division 1
119(1) Division 1 (Financial Plans) of Part 6 (Financial Administration) applies with necessary modifications to the operating and capital budgets of the committee.
Consultation with council
119(2) Before adopting its service plan, the local urban committee must consult with the council.
Reserve fund
119(3) When requested by the committee of a local urban district, the council must establish one or more reserve funds under section 168 into which the money received by the municipality for the purpose of the service plan or the part of that money specified in the request is to be deposited.
Administration of fund
119(4) Despite subsection 168(2), no money may be paid out of a fund established at the request of the committee of a local urban district except
(a) in accordance with the service plan; or
(b) with the consent of the committee.
Duties of council
120(1) The council in which a local urban district is located must
(a) consult with the local urban district before adopting its annual financial plan;
(b) adopt by resolution the service plan as submitted by the local urban committee;
(c) levy in each year against the property in the local urban district the taxes as specified in the services plan;
(d) provide the services and pay the costs of the committee by expending the revenue from the taxes referred to in clause (c) in accordance with the service plan;
(e) make a separate record of all money received and disbursed for the services covered by the plan; and
(f) on request, but not more frequently than once per month, provide to the committee a current statement of money received and disbursed in relation to the service plan for the local urban district.
When tax revenue insufficient
120(2) If the tax revenue under the service plan is not sufficient to provide the services in accordance with the service plan, the council
(a) must notify the committee and meet with it to discuss the matter; and
(b) may, if the committee agrees, do one or more of the following
(i) cease to provide a type of service or reduce the level of a type of service, or
(ii) levy an additional tax against the property in the local urban district to raise the money in succeeding years, not to exceed three.
Excess tax revenue
120(3) If in any year the taxes collected by a municipality under a service plan exceed its actual cost of providing the services, the municipality must
(a) place the excess in a fund that may be used only for the benefit of the properties in the local urban district in respect of which the taxes were imposed; or
(b) refund the excess to the taxpayers.
Prohibition re taxes
121 The council of a municipality in which a local urban district is situated must not levy in any year, in the district, a tax imposed in the rest of the municipality to provide a service that is already being levied for within the district.
Resolution of disputes by Municipal Board
122 If a committee and a council disagree about any matter relating to the type, level or delivery of services or the amount or sufficiency of a tax levy for services, the committee or the council may refer the matter to the minister who may request The Municipal Board to hear and determine the matter.
123 [Repealed]
124(1) In this section,
"compensation" includes a fee, salary, wage or any other payment for labour or services, however determined; (« rémunération »)
"expense" means an expense incurred by a member of a council or council committee in attending to municipal business, and includes automobile expenses or mileage, travel expenses, living expenses, registration and tuition fees, the costs of materials for a meeting, conference or course, out-of-pocket expenditures and any other expense provided for in a by-law passed under subsection (2); (« dépenses »)
"municipal business" means a duty or function that a member of a council or council committee is required to carry out under this or any other Act or a by-law or resolution, and includes attending a meeting, conference or course of instruction that relates to municipal purposes. (« travaux de la municipalité »)
Council may set compensation and expenses
124(2) A council may by by-law set the types, rates and conditions of payments to be made to or on behalf of members of the council and council committees, other than the committee of a local urban district,
(a) as compensation for attending to municipal business;
(b) for expenses incurred while attending to municipal business; and
(c) for any other purpose relating to municipal business that the council considers appropriate.
Member may accept payment
124(3) A member of a council or council committee may be paid and may accept an amount paid under a by-law passed under subsection (2).
Financial statements to show payments to members
124(4) The annual financial statements of a municipality must show the amount of compensation, expenses and any other payment made to each person who is a member of the council or a council committee in sufficient detail that the type of each payment and the total amount of payments made to or on behalf of each member can be determined.
CHIEF ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICER, DESIGNATED OFFICERS AND CODE OF CONDUCT FOR EMPLOYEES
Establishment of position of C.A.O.
125(1) Every council must establish by by-law the position of chief administrative officer and must appoint a person to the position.
Majority of number of members required
125(2) The appointment of a person as chief administrative officer and any suspension or revocation of the appointment must be approved by a majority of the number of members comprising the council.
Council may give title other than "C.A.O."
125(3) A council may give the position of chief administrative officer any title the council considers appropriate.
C.A.O. entitlement in certain circumstances
126 A chief administrative officer whose appointment is revoked without cause is, subject to any written agreement between the council and the officer, entitled to reasonable notice or to compensation instead of reasonable notice.
C.A.O.'s responsibilities
127(1) The chief administrative officer
(a) is the administrative head of the municipality;
(b) is responsible for ensuring that the policies and programs of the municipality are implemented;
(c) is responsible for advising and informing the council on the operation and affairs of the municipality;
(d) except as the council may decide otherwise, is responsible for the management and supervision of the employees of the municipality;
(e) carries out the powers, duties and functions assigned to a chief administrative officer by the council or by this or any other Act; and
(f) must notify the council if money of the municipality is spent or invested contrary to a by-law or resolution or this or any other Act.
C.A.O.'s administrative duties
127(2) The chief administrative officer must ensure that
(a) the minutes of every council meeting are made without note or comment;
(b) the by-laws and minutes of council meetings and all other records and books of account of the municipality are kept safe and in accordance with Division 1 (Retention and Disposition of Municipal Records) of Part 9;
(c) the revenues of the municipality are collected;
(d) money belonging to or held by the municipality is deposited in the bank, credit union, caisse populaire, or trust corporation designated by the council;
(e) the accounts for authorized expenditures of the municipality are paid;
(f) accurate records and books of account are kept of the financial affairs of the municipality; and
(g) any information requested of the municipality by the minister is provided within a reasonable time.
C.A.O. duties re council committees
127(3) Except as the council may otherwise decide, the chief administrative officer must carry out, with necessary modifications, the duties referred to under in subsection (2) in respect of council committees.
Duty of C.A.O. if money not lawfully used
128(1) If a chief administrative officer gives notice to the council under clause 127(1)(f) and the council does not within a reasonable time rectify the matter, the officer must give the minister written notice of the matter as soon as is reasonably possible.
Minister's powers after receiving notice
128(2) The minister may take such action as he or she considers necessary or advisable in respect of the notice, and may charge the cost of any action to the municipality.
Delegation by C.A.O.
129 A chief administrative officer may delegate to a designated officer or other employee of the municipality a power, duty or function given to the chief administrative officer under a by-law or this or any other Act, unless the by-law or Act prohibits the delegation.
DESIGNATED OFFICERS
Establishment of designated officer positions
130 A council may by by-law establish one or more positions to carry out the powers, duties and functions of a designated officer under a by-law or this or any other Act, and may give each such position any title the council considers appropriate.
Delegation by designated officer
131 A designated officer may delegate to an employee of the municipality a power, duty or function given to the officer under a by-law or this or any other Act, unless the by-law or Act prohibits the delegation.
131.1(1) A council must establish a code of conduct for employees of the municipality that includes conflict of interest rules.
Content: conflict of interest rules
131.1(2) The conflict of interest rules must
(a) set out the types of conduct that are prohibited, which must include prohibiting an employee from
(i) using information that is obtained as a result of his or her employment and that is not available to the public to further, or seek to further, his or her private interests or those of his or her dependants, or to seek to improperly further another person's private interests, or
(ii) using his or her position to seek to influence a decision of another person so as to further the employee's private interests or those of his or her dependants or to improperly further another person's private interests; and
(b) specify the procedure an employee is to follow if the employee suspects that he or she may be in a conflict of interest and the procedure for resolving a conflict.
PRACTICE AND PROCEDURES
Council to designate municipal office
132 A council must designate a place as its municipal office.
Minutes of council meetings
133 Minutes must be made of each council meeting and signed by the person presiding at the meeting and a designated officer.
Signing agreements, cheques, instruments
134(1) Agreements and cheques and other negotiable instruments and agreements must be signed or authorized by
(a) the head of council or any other person authorized by the council; and
(b) a designated officer.
Reproduction of signature
134(2) A council may authorize a signature required under subsection (1) to be printed, lithographed or otherwise reproduced.
Quorum for council meetings
135(1) A quorum is required for and during each council meeting.
Number of councillors required for quorum
135(2) Subject to subsection (3), the quorum of a council is
(a) a majority of the number of members comprising the council; or
(b) if a position is vacant, a majority of the remaining members of the council.
Minimum number for quorum
135(3) Subject to The Municipal Council Conflict of Interest Act, the minimum number for a quorum of a council is three.
When member not to be counted
135(4) For the purpose of a quorum, a member is not counted if the member is required to abstain from voting under The Municipal Council Conflict of Interest Act.
One vote per member
136 A member of a council has one vote each time a vote is held at a council meeting at which the member is present.
Minutes of vote on third reading of a by-law
137 The minutes of a meeting at which a council votes on the third reading of a by-law must show the name of each member present, the vote or abstention of each member, and the reason given for any abstention.
Tie vote defeats by-law or resolution
138 If an equal number of members vote for and against a resolution or by-law, the resolution or by-law is defeated.
Council reconsidering decision
139(1) A council may not reconsider or reverse a decision within one year after it is made unless
(a) at the same meeting at which the decision is made, all the members who voted are present; or
(b) a member gives written notice to the council, from at least one regular meeting to the next regular meeting, of a proposal to review and reverse the decision.
Record of reconsideration in minutes
139(2) A council that reconsiders and reverses a decision under clause (1)(a) may direct that the minutes show
(a) the original decision and the decision made on reconsideration; or
(b) only the decision made on reconsideration.
BY-LAWS AND RESOLUTIONS
Methods by which a council may act
140(1) A council may act only by resolution or by-law.
Where council must act by by-law
140(2) A council that is expressly required or authorized under a by-law or this or any other Act to do something by by-law may do it only by by-law.
Where council may act by resolution
140(3) A council that is required or authorized under a by-law or this or any other Act to do something by resolution or to do something without specifying that it be done by by-law or resolution, may do it by resolution.
Effect of acting by by-law when resolution is sufficient
140(4) Anything a council does by by-law that may be done by resolution is not invalid by reason of the council doing it by by-law.
Passing a resolution
141 A resolution of a council is not valid unless it is passed at a council meeting.
Proposed by-law to be given three readings
142(1) Every proposed by-law must be given three separate readings at meetings of the council, and each reading must be put to a vote.
Limit of two readings at one meeting
142(2) A council may not give a proposed by-law more than two readings at the same council meeting.
Text to be available before first reading
142(3) Each member present at the meeting at which first reading is to take place must be given, or have had, the opportunity to review the full text of the proposed by-law before the by-law receives first reading.
Text to be available before third reading
142(4) Each member present at the meeting at which third reading is to take place must, before the proposed by-law receives third reading, be given, or have had, the opportunity to review the full text of the proposed by-law and any amendment passed after first reading.
Procedure at each reading
142(5) Only the title or an identifying number must be read at each reading of a proposed by-law.
When public hearing on by-law is to be held
143 When this or any other Act requires a council to hold a public hearing on a proposed by-law, the public hearing must be held before the by-law is given third reading.
Rescission of previous by-law readings
144 The previous readings of a proposed by-law are rescinded if the proposed by-law
(a) does not receive third reading within two years after first reading; or
(b) is defeated on second or third reading.
When a by-law is passed
145 A by-law is passed when it receives third reading and is signed by
(a) the head of council or another person authorized by the council; and
When a by-law comes into force
146(1) Subject to subsections (2) and (3), a by-law comes into force on the day after the day it is passed unless a later date is specified in the by-law.
Where approval required
146(2) If this or any other Act requires a by-law to be approved, the by-law does not come into force until the approval is given.
No retroactivity without specific authority
146(3) No by-law may come into force on a day before it is passed unless the Act that authorizes it provides that the by-law may come into force on a day before it is passed.
Power to amend and repeal a by-law
147(1) The power to pass a by-law under this or any other Act includes the power to amend or repeal the by-law.
Manner of repeal or amendment
147(2) The amendment or repeal of a by-law is subject to the same requirements that apply to passing the by-law, unless this or any other Act expressly provides otherwise.
ORGANIZATION AND PROCEDURE
Council to pass an organizational by-law
148(1) A council must establish by by-law an organizational structure for the municipality and review the by-law at least once during its term of office.
Content of organizational by-law
148(2) An organizational by-law must provide for the following:
(a) the establishment of council committees, other than committees of local urban districts, and other bodies of the council, including their duties and functions;
(b) the appointment of a deputy head of the council to act in place of the head of council when he or she is unable to carry out the powers, duties and functions of the head; and
(c) the manner of appointment of persons to council committees and other bodies.
Council to pass procedures by-law
149(1) A council must establish by by-law rules of procedure and review the by-law at least once during its term of office.
Council bound by procedures by-law
149(2) The council must govern itself in accordance with its procedures by-law.
Content of procedures by-law
149(3) The council must in its procedures by-law provide for
(a) regular meetings of the council, and the day, time and place of the meetings;
(b) the type and amount of notice to be given of regular meetings of the council;
(c) the procedure to be followed and the type and amount of notice to be given to change the day, time or place of a regular meeting of the council;
(d) rules respecting the conduct of council meetings;
(e) rules respecting public participation at council meetings;
(f) a procedure for the appointment of a member to act as head of council if the head and deputy head are unable to act or the offices are vacant;
(g) the type and amount of notice to be given of a special meeting of the council; and
(h) the time within which a special meeting of the council requested under clause 151(1)(b) must be called by the head of council and must take place.
Further content of procedures by-law
149(4) The council may in its procedures by-law provide for such other matters as the council considers necessary or desirable, including, subject to Division 5 (Local Urban Districts) of Part 3, the conduct of meetings of council committees.
Meeting through electronic communications
150(1) A council may conduct a meeting by means of an electronic or other communication facility if the facility enables the members to hear and speak to each other and the public to hear the members.
Participating member deemed to be present
150(2) A member participating in a meeting conducted by means of a communication facility is deemed to be present at the meeting.
Head of council convening special meeting
151(1) The head of a council
(a) may call a special meeting of the council whenever he or she considers it appropriate to do so; and
(b) must call a special meeting of the council if the head receives a written request for the meeting, stating its purpose, from at least two councillors.
Notice according to procedures by-law
151(2) Notice of a special meeting must be given in accordance with the procedures by-law.
Meeting to be called under procedures by-law
151(3) If the head of council does not call a special meeting as requested under clause (1)(b) within the time required under the procedures by-law, the chief administrative officer must call the meeting in the manner provided in the by-law.
Effect of notice given to absent member
151(4) A special meeting must not be held in the absence of a member unless the member has been given notice of the meeting in accordance with the procedures by-law.
Member may waive notice
151(5) A member who waives the right to be given notice of a special meeting is deemed to have been given notice of the meeting.
Agenda at special meeting
151(6) Only a matter stated in the notice of a special meeting may be transacted at the meeting unless all members of the council are present and unanimously agree to deal with other matters.
PUBLIC PRESENCE AT MEETINGS
Meetings to be conducted in public
152(1) Every meeting of a council or council committee must be conducted in public.
Public's right to be present at meetings
152(2) Everyone has a right to be present at a meeting of a council or council committee unless the person chairing the meeting expels a person for improper conduct.
When council or council committee may close meeting
152(3) Despite subsections (1) and (2), a council or council committee may close a meeting to the public
(a) if
(i) in the case of a council, the council decides during the meeting to meet as a committee to discuss a matter, and
(ii) the decision and general nature of the matter are recorded in the minutes of the meeting; and
(b) if the matter to be discussed relates to
(i) [repealed] S.M. 2004, c. 2, s. 31,
(ii) an employee, including the employee's salary, duties and benefits and any appraisal of the employee's performance,
(iii) a matter that is in its preliminary stages and respecting which discussion in public could prejudice a municipality's ability to carry out its activities or negotiations,
(iv) the conduct of existing or anticipated legal proceedings,
(v) the conduct of an investigation under, or enforcement of, an Act or by-law,
(vi) the security of documents or premises, or
(vii) a report of the Ombudsman received by the head of the council under clause 36(1)(e) of The Ombudsman Act.
Resolution to re-open a closed meeting
152(4) No resolution or by-law may be passed at a meeting that is closed to the public, except a resolution to re-open the meeting to the public.
S.M. 2004, c. 2, s. 31.
PETITIONS AND PUBLIC HEARINGS
Petitions must conform to this Division
153 Where a petition is required under this Act, other than in Part 2, the petition must meet the requirements of this Division before it is presented to the council.
154(1) A petition is sufficient if it complies with this section.
Petition's purpose to be stated on each page
154(2) A petition must contain a statement of purpose, and the statement must appear on every page.
154(3) A petition must include the following:
(e) in the case of a petition under section 57 to form a local urban district, a statement that each petitioner is a voter, or is eligible to be a voter, of the locality;
(f) in the case of a petition under clause 66(1)(a) (dissolution of a local urban district), a statement that each petitioner is a voter of the local urban district;
(g) in the case of a petition under clause 313(c) (local improvement or special service), the address of the property in respect of which each petitioner is liable to pay the tax.
154(4) Each signature on the petition must be witnessed by an adult person who must
(b) in the case of a petition under section 57 (formation of a local urban district), clause 66(1)(a) (dissolution of a local urban district) or clause 313(c) (local improvement or special service), make a statutory declaration that to the best of the witness's knowledge the signature witnessed is that of a person eligible to sign the petition.
154(5) Where a minimum number of petitioners is required, a petition must be signed by at least that number of petitioners.
Petitioners for local improvement or special service
154(6) In determining the number of petitioners required on a petition under clause 313(c),
(a) where a parcel of land or a business is owned by more than one person, only one person is counted; and
(b) a municipality, school division, school district or hospital district that is eligible to be a petitioner is not counted if it gives written notice to the chief administrative officer, not later than the day the petition is filed with the officer under section 155, that it is not to be counted.
Entity may authorize individual to sign
154(7) A petition under clause 313(c) (local improvement or special service) may be signed on behalf of a corporation, church, organization, estate or other entity by an adult person who on request produces proof that he or she is authorized by the entity to sign the petition on its behalf.
154(8) In determining whether the required number of persons have signed the petition, a person's name is not to be counted if
(a) the information required under subsection (3) about the petitioner is not provided or the information, other than the signature, is not legible and cannot easily be determined by the chief administrative officer;
(b) the person's signature is not witnessed, or the witness has not made the statutory declaration required, under subsection (4);
(c) the petition is restricted to certain persons and the person is not one of those persons, or the person's qualifications are not set out or are incorrectly set out; or
(d) the person signed the petition more than 90 days before the petition was filed under section 155 or more than 150 days before the petition was re-filed under subsection 156(3).
Petition must name representative
154(9) The petition must have attached to it a signed statement of an individual that
(a) the individual is the representative of the petitioners; and
(b) any inquiry or notice respecting the petition may be directed to the individual at an address that is set out in the statement.
155 A petition must be filed with the chief administrative officer.
C.A.O. to determine sufficiency of certain petitions
156(1) In the case of a petition that is required under this or any other Act to have a minimum number of petitioners, the chief administrative officer must determine the sufficiency of the petition not later than 30 days after it is filed.
156(2) If in the opinion of the chief administrative officer a filed petition is not sufficient, the officer must within the time set out in subsection (1) give written notice of the manner in which the petition is not sufficient to the person named in the petition under subsection 154(9) (representative's name and address).
156(3) The petition may be re-filed, with or without changes, with the chief administrative officer within 30 days after the notice is given, and sections 154 and 155 apply to the re-filed petition.
C.A.O. to advise council of notice given
156(4) If a petition is not re-filed within 30 days after the day a notice is given under subsection (2), the chief administrative officer must advise the council at the first council meeting following the expiration of the 30 days that the petition was filed and the notice given.
Presentation of petition to council
157(1) The chief administrative officer must present each petition to the council at a council meeting, with his or her opinion respecting the sufficiency of the petition,
(a) where the petition is sufficient, within 30 days after the day the petition is filed; and
(b) where the petition is not sufficient and is re-filed, within 30 days after the day the petition is re-filed.
No change in petition after presentation
157(2) No name may be added to or removed from a petition after it is filed under section 155 or re-filed under subsection 156(3), except an addition or removal made after a notice is given under subsection 156(2) and before the petition is re-filed.
Petition is received on presentation
158 A petition is received by a council on the day it is presented to the council.
Council's consideration of petition
159 A council may disregard a petition that the council decides is not sufficient, and is not required to take action in respect of a petition unless this or any other Act requires that action be taken.
160(1) This section applies in respect of a public hearing that a council is required under this Act to hold.
Attendance of members at public hearing
160(2) Each member of the council must attend the public hearing unless the member
(a) is excused by the other members from attending the hearing;
(b) is unable to attend owing to illness; or
(c) is required under The Municipal Council Conflict of Interest Act to withdraw from the hearing.
Procedure at public hearing
160(3) Subject to procedures established under subsection (4), the council must hear any person who wishes to make a presentation, ask questions or register an objection on his or her own behalf or on behalf of others.
Council may establish procedure in by-law
160(4) A council may in its procedures by-law establish procedures for public hearings, which may include
(a) prescribing a reasonable time limit for presentations, questions or objections;
(b) providing that the council may decline to hear a presentation, question or objection where the council is satisfied that the matter has been addressed at the hearing;
(c) deciding which presenters the council will hear where it is satisfied that presentations will be the same or similar;
(d) expelling a person from a hearing for improper conduct; and
(e) adjourning a hearing from time to time.
Notice of continuation of adjourned hearing
160(5) If a public hearing is adjourned, the council must give public notice of the date, time and place of the continuation of the hearing, unless that information is announced at the time the adjournment is announced at the hearing.
FINANCIAL PLANS
Fiscal year is calendar year
161 The fiscal year of a municipality is the calendar year.
Council must adopt financial plan for each fiscal year
162(1) Every council must adopt a financial plan for each fiscal year in a form approved by the minister and consisting of
(a) an operating budget;
(b) a capital budget;
(c) an estimate of operating revenue and expenditures for the following fiscal year; and
(d) a five year capital expenditure program.
Council to hold public hearing on financial plan
162(2) Before adopting the financial plan, the council must give public notice, and hold a public hearing, in respect of the plan.
New public hearing when certain items revised
162(3) A council may revise its financial plan after the public hearing, but public notice must be given and another public hearing conducted if the revision
(a) increases the estimated amount of a transfer referred to in clause 164(2)(a) or the estimated revenue from a tax referred to in clause 164(2)(c) (operating budget); or
(b) increases any of the amounts referred to in section 166 (capital budget).
Increase in requisition only
162(3.1) In each fiscal year ending before January 1, 2006, the requirement in clause (3)(a) to give notice and hold a public hearing does not apply if the increase in estimated revenue results solely from the municipality's requirement to levy and collect a requisition.
Financial plan to be filed with minister
162(4) A copy of the financial plan of a municipality for a fiscal year must be filed with the minister by May 15 of that year.
Council may request extension of time
162(5) A council that is unable for any reason to file its financial plan in accordance with subsection (4) may in writing request an extension of time, and the minister may extend the time subject to any condition the minister considers necessary or advisable.
Council may adopt interim operating budget
163 A council may adopt an interim operating budget to have effect only until the council adopts the operating budget for the fiscal year.
Expenditures to be estimated in operating budget
164(1) A council must include in its operating budget for a fiscal year the estimated amount of money required for all purposes, including amounts
(a) to provide for the council's policies and programs;
(b) to pay debt obligations in respect of any borrowings;
(c) to pay a requisition or any other amount that the municipality is required under an Act to collect;
(d) to be transferred to the capital budget or a reserve fund;
(e) to reduce or eliminate any deficiency incurred in respect of a previous fiscal year; and
(f) in respect of any uncollected tax or any debt or grant in lieu of tax that is not collectible.
Revenue and transfers to be estimated
164(2) A council must include in its operating budget the estimated amount of money from transfers and each source of revenue, including
(a) transfers from the municipality's accumulated surplus or its reserve funds;
(b) revenue from grants and transfers from other governments;
(c) revenue from taxes, including
(i) real property tax,
(ii) business tax,
(iii) personal property tax,
(iv) special services tax, and
(v) local improvement tax; and
(d) revenue from all other sources, including fees or other charges in respect of the operation of any works, improvements, services, facilities and utilities.
Expenditures not to exceed transfers and revenue
164(3) The council must ensure that the total amount of the estimated transfers and revenue is not less than the total amount of estimated expenditures unless, before adopting the operating budget, the council obtains the minister's written approval of the proposed budget, which may include any condition the minister considers necessary or advisable.
Utilities expenditures not to exceed transfers and revenue
164(4) The council must ensure that the amount of estimated revenue and transfers provided for in the utility budget is not less than the amount of estimated expenditures in respect of the utility unless, before adopting the operating budget, the council obtains The Public Utilities Board's written approval, which may include any condition the Board considers necessary or advisable.
Transfer from accumulated surplus or reserve fund
164(5) An operating budget or capital budget may provide for the transfer of money from an accumulated surplus or a reserve fund established for a general purpose, but the transfer of an amount that exceeds the maximum amount provided for by regulation may be made only if, before adopting the budget, the council obtains the minister's written approval, which may include any condition the minister considers necessary or advisable.
Council to obtain approval for anticipated deficiency
165(1) When a council determines during a fiscal year that expenditures are likely to exceed the revenue and transfers provided for in its budget, the council must immediately advise the minister in writing and may incur a deficiency with the minister's written approval, which may include any condition the minister considers necessary or advisable.
Council to obtain approval for anticipated deficiency in utility
165(2) When a council determines during a fiscal year that expenditures of a utility are likely to exceed the revenue and transfers provided for in the utility budget, the council must immediately advise The Public Utilities Board in writing and may incur a deficiency with the Board's written approval, which may include any condition the Board considers necessary or advisable.
Content of capital budget
166 A council must include in its capital budget the estimates of
(a) the amount of money required to acquire, construct, remove or improve capital property;
(b) the anticipated sources and the amounts of money to pay the costs referred to in clause (a); and
(c) the amount of money to be transferred from the operating budget.
Content of capital expenditure program
167 A council must include in its five year capital expenditure program each proposed expenditure for the next five years and the source of the money required to implement the program.
Council may establish reserve funds
168(1) A council may by by-law establish reserve funds for any general or specific purpose.
Expenditure from reserve fund with specific purpose
168(2) A council that establishes a reserve fund for a specific purpose may provide in its operating budget or capital budget for an expenditure from the fund only for that purpose unless, before making the expenditure,
(a) the council gives public notice, and holds a public hearing, in respect of the proposed expenditure; and
(b) in the case of a reserve fund that is supplemented with the approval of The Public Utilities Board, the Board approves the proposed expenditure.
Use of reserve funds after amalgamation
168(3) A council of a municipality that is formed as a result of the amalgamation of two or more municipalities (in this subsection called the "old municipalities") may, by by-law, require that a reserve fund established by an old municipality be used only in relation to expenditures that primarily benefit the area of the old municipality.
169(1) A municipality may make an expenditure only if it is
(a) provided for in the council's interim operating budget, operating budget or capital budget;
(b) made in respect of a disaster or emergency declared by the council or head of council under The Emergency Measures Act;
(c) ordered by a court or The Municipal Board to be paid; or
(d) authorized by the council under this section.
Expenditure for purpose not set out in budgets
169(2) A council may authorize the expenditure of an amount provided for in an operating budget or capital budget, other than an expenditure referred to in subsection 168(2), for a purpose other than is set out in the budget if the expenditure does not affect the total of the amounts estimated under subsection 164(1) (operating budget) and section 166 (capital budget).
Expenditure or transfer of revenue exceeding estimate
169(3) A council may authorize expenditures from its operating budget, or transfer amounts from its operating budget to the capital budget, that are not provided for in the operating budget if the total of the expenditures and transfers does not exceed the total of
(a) the amount of revenue from grants and transfers in excess of the amount estimated under clause 164(2)(b); and
(b) the amount of revenue from sources referred to in clause 164(2)(d) in excess of the amount estimated under that clause.
Expenditure from capital budget
169(4) A council may authorize expenditures from its capital budget that are not provided for in the capital budget if the total of the expenditures does not exceed the amounts transferred from the operating budget under subsection (3).
Expenditures exceeding budgets
169(5) A council may authorize an expenditure for an amount not provided for in an operating budget or capital budget, and may fund the expenditure
(a) subject to subsection 164(5), by transfer from the municipality's accumulated surplus or its reserve funds; or
(b) subject to section 174, by borrowing.
Public hearing necessary for some expenditures
169(6) Subject to subsection (7), a council must give public notice and hold a public hearing in respect of a proposed expenditure under subsection (5).
No public hearing if specific purpose reserve is used
169(7) No public notice or public hearing is required under subsection (6) for an expenditure funded by a transfer from a specific purpose reserve unless the expenditure is for a purpose other than that for which the reserve fund was established.
Content of notice
169(8) A notice under subsection (6) must include
(a) the amount and purpose of the expenditure; and
(b) the expenditure's sources of funding and the portion of its cost that will be paid by each source.
Employees who handle money to be bonded
170 Each municipality must ensure that every employee of the municipality who handles or could handle money of the municipality is bonded or otherwise insured for the faithful performance of duties.
Certain use of municipal money an offence
171(1) A member of a council is guilty of an offence under this Act who
(a) spends or invests or authorizes the expenditure or investment of money of the municipality without authorization or contrary to the authorization given under a by-law or resolution or this or any other Act; or
(b) accepts, or votes in favour of paying to a person, including a member of the council, an amount not authorized by a by-law or resolution or this or any other Act, or an amount greater than is authorized.
Civil liability of the member
171(2) In addition to any penalty imposed under subsection (1), a member of a council who is guilty of an offence under subsection (1) is liable to the municipality for the amount spent, invested or paid.
Joint and several liability
171(3) If more than one member is liable under subsection (2), those members are jointly and severally liable to the municipality.
Municipality or voter may take action
171(4) The liability under this section may be enforced by action by the municipality or by a voter of the municipality.
Exception of declared state of emergency
171(5) This section does not apply to an expenditure made in respect of a disaster or emergency declared by a council or head of council under The Emergency Measures Act.
172 In this Division,
"borrowing" means the borrowing of money, and includes
(a) borrowing to refinance, redeem or restructure existing debt,
(b) borrowing to pay for a local improvement under Division 4 (Local Improvements and Special Services) of Part 10,
(c) a lease of capital property with a fixed term beyond three years or a fixed term of less than three years but with a right of renewal that would, if exercised, extend the original term beyond three years,
(d) an agreement to purchase capital property that creates an interest in the capital property to secure payment of the capital property's purchase price if payment of the purchase price under the agreement exceeds three years, and
(e) issuing debentures; (« emprunt »)
"borrowing by-law" means a by-law referred to in clause 174(1)(a). (« règlement d'emprunt »)
Council may borrow for operating expenses
173(1) A council may by resolution borrow money for operating expenses during a fiscal year, but the amount borrowed must not exceed the amount collected in taxes and grants in lieu of taxes in the previous fiscal year.
Application to borrowing
173(2) This Division does not apply to money borrowed under subsection (1).
Borrowing must be authorized by by-law
174(1) A municipality may make a borrowing only if
(a) the borrowing is authorized by a by-law passed in accordance with section 174.1; and
(b) subject to subsection (2), the borrowing is set out as a debt obligation in the operating budget or capital budget or it is made to fund an expenditure authorized under subsection 169(5).
Council may exclude certain borrowing from budgets
174(2) A council is not required to include a proposed borrowing in its operating budget or capital budget if
(a) the borrowing refinances, redeems or restructures existing borrowings; and
(b) the amount and term of the borrowing does not exceed the unpaid principal and the longest remaining term of the existing borrowing.
Content of borrowing by-law
174(3) A borrowing by-law must set out
(a) the amount of money to be borrowed and, in general terms, the purpose for which the money is to be borrowed;
(b) the anticipated maximum rate of interest, the term and the terms of repayment of the borrowing;
(c) the source or sources of money to pay the principal and interest owing under the borrowing; and
(d) the source of any interim financing.
S.M. 1998, c. 33, s. 16; S.M. 2012, c. 25, s. 8.
Passing a borrowing by-law
174.1(1) The council must give public notice before giving first reading to a borrowing by-law that authorizes the municipality to
(a) issue debentures; and
(b) use the money borrowed to fund a capital project that has been included in the financial plan adopted under section 162.
Content of public notice of borrowing by-law
174.1(2) The public notice must
(a) state the date, time and place of the council meeting at which the borrowing by-law will be read for the first time; and
(b) include
(i) a general description of the capital project to be funded by the borrowing,
(ii) an estimate of the total cost of the capital project,
(iii) a statement of the amount to be borrowed,
(iv) a statement of the other sources of funding, if any, to be used to pay for the project, and the amount of funding to be provided from each of those sources,
(v) the anticipated maximum rate of interest, the term and the terms of repayment of the borrowing, and
(vi) the estimated rates of taxation necessary to repay the borrowing.
When public notice is not required
174.1(3) Despite subsection (1), public notice is not required for a borrowing that is made in respect of a local improvement plan, if notice of the plan has been given under section 318 (notice of plan).
Repeal or amendment of borrowing by-law
175 After money is advanced under a borrowing by-law, the council may not repeal the by-law until the advance is repaid, and may not in any amendment reduce the amount authorized by the by-law to less than the amount advanced.
Every proposed borrowing to be approved by board
176 A municipality may not make a borrowing unless the council obtains the approval of The Municipal Board before third reading of the borrowing by-law.
Use of borrowed money restricted to stated purpose
177 A council must use money obtained under a borrowing only for the purpose for which the money is borrowed, as stated in the borrowing by-law.
Application of money borrowed
178 A person lending money to a municipality does not have to verify that the money is applied to the purpose for which it is borrowed.
Term of borrowing for capital property
179 The term of a borrowing for a capital property must not exceed the probable lifetime of the capital property.
Municipality may make loans
180(1) A municipality may lend money only if
(a) the council considers that the money loaned will be used for a purpose that will benefit the municipality;
(b) the loan is made to a non-profit organization or municipal participation corporation;
(c) the loan is authorized by by-law; and
(d) the amount of money to be loaned, together with the unpaid principal of any other loan, does not exceed the maximum amount established by the minister by regulation.
Content of by-law authorizing loan
180(2) A by-law authorizing a loan must set out
(a) the amount of money to be loaned and, in general terms, the purpose for which it is to be used;
(b) the name of the organization or corporation to which the loan is to be made;
(c) the minimum rate of interest, the term and the terms of repayment of the loan; and
(d) the source or sources of the money to be loaned.
181(1) In this section, "securities" includes bonds, debentures, treasury bills, trust certificates, guaranteed investment certificates or receipts, certificates of deposit, deposit receipts, bills, notes and mortgages of real estate or leaseholds and rights or interests in respect of a security.
Authorized investments
181(2) A municipality may invest its money only in the following:
(a) securities issued or guaranteed by
(i) the Government of Canada or an agency of the Government of Canada, or
(ii) the government of a province or an agency of the government of a province;
(b) securities the payment of which is a charge on the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Government of Canada or a province of Canada;
(c) securities of a municipality in Canada;
(d) securities of a Canadian municipal participation corporation;
(e) securities issued or guaranteed by a bank, credit union or trust corporation;
(f) securities that are insured by the Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation Act;
(g) investments authorized by the minister by regulation; and
(h) units in pooled funds of all or any of the investments described in clauses (a) to (g).
Membership in non-profit organization
181(3) Nothing in this section prevents a municipality from acquiring a share or membership in a non-profit organization.
ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND AUDITOR'S REPORT
182 In this Division, "auditor" means a person appointed under section 184 to audit the records and books of account of a municipality for a fiscal year.
183(1) A municipality must in each year prepare annual financial statements of the municipality for the immediately preceding year in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles for municipal governments recommended from time to time by the Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants and any modification of those principles or any supplementary accounting standards or principles approved by the minister.
Annual financial information returns
183(2) A municipality must, no later than March 15 in each year, submit to the minister a financial information return, in a form approved by the minister, respecting the financial affairs of the municipality for the preceding year.
Council to appoint an auditor for each year
184(1) The council of a municipality must, not later than August 31 in each year, appoint an auditor to carry out the duties of an auditor under this Act in respect of the municipality for that fiscal year.
Member or employee not to be appointed
184(2) The council may not appoint a member of the council or an employee as auditor.
Council to inform minister of appointment
184(3) The council must inform the minister of the name of the auditor within 40 days after the appointment.
Minister may appoint if council does not appoint
184(4) If a council fails to appoint an auditor in accordance with subsection (1), the minister may make the appointment.
Qualifications for appointment as auditor
184(5) To qualify to be appointed as an auditor, a person must be entitled to practise as an accountant under The Chartered Accountants Act, The Certified General Accountants Act or The Certified Management Accountants Act.
Municipality to pay auditor's fees and expenses
185(1) Subject to subsection (2), a municipality must pay its auditor's fees and expenses, including any fee or expense relating to a request of the minister under section 191.
Certain bodies to pay auditor's fees and expenses
185(2) The auditor's fees and expenses relating to the audit of a body referred to in clause 186(1)(b) or (c), including any fee or expense relating to a request of the minister under section 191 in respect of the body, must be paid by the body.
Scope of auditor's examination
186(1) An auditor must examine the financial statements, financial information returns, records, books of account and other information relating to the financial affairs of the municipality for the fiscal year, including
(a) any funds of the municipality held in trust by an officer or employee of the municipality;
(b) any board, committee or other body that is established or appointed by the council and that administers funds of the municipality; and
(c) any organization or other body
(i) to which the municipality has made a grant or loan of money of $5,000. or more, and
(ii) on which the municipality is represented by one or more persons appointed by the council.
Auditor not required to audit certain bodies
186(2) Despite clauses (1)(b) and (c), the auditor is not required to examine the financial affairs of a body referred to in those clauses if the auditor is satisfied that a person who has the qualifications referred to in subsection 184(5) has audited or is auditing the financial affairs of the body for the fiscal year.
Auditor's entitlement to access
187(1) The auditor is, at all reasonable times and for any purpose related to an audit, entitled to access to the records and books of account and any other document, matter or thing relating to the financial affairs of the municipality in the fiscal year or a previous year.
Auditor's entitlement to information
187(2) The auditor is entitled to receive, for the purpose of the audit, any information that is required from a member of the council, an employee of the municipality and the members and employees of a body referred to in clauses 186(1)(b) and (c).
Financial institution to provide information
188(1) A bank, credit union, caisse populaire or trust corporation must, on the written request of the minister or the auditor, provide in writing any information in its possession or control relating to the financial affairs of the municipality.
Information from land titles offices and courts
188(2) The district registrar for a land titles district and the officer of a court must, on the written request of the minister or the auditor, provide in writing any information in their possession or control relating to the financial affairs of the municipality.
Auditor must report failure to comply
189 The auditor must without delay report to the minister and the head of the council any failure of a person or institution to comply with section 187 or 188.
Timing and content of auditor's report
190(1) The auditor must submit a report to the council not later than June 30 in the year following the fiscal year for which the audit is prepared
(a) outlining the scope of the audit;
(b) identifying the financial statements audited; and
(c) expressing an opinion as to whether the municipality's financial statements present fairly the financial position of the municipality as at the end of the fiscal year and the results of its operations for the fiscal year.
Auditor to submit supplement with report
190(2) The auditor must submit with the report a supplement containing the following:
(a) a statement of opinion as to whether the accounting procedures and systems of control employed by the municipality are adequate to preserve and protect its assets;
(b) a statement of opinion as to whether the funds of the municipality have been disbursed only under an authority granted by an Act, or by a resolution or by-law passed or an authority granted under an Act;
(c) a statement as to whether any irregularity or discrepancy came to the auditor's attention during the audit;
(d) a statement as to any matters not referred to in clauses (a) to (c) that the auditor considers the minister or council should be aware of; and
(e) any recommendation the auditor considers necessary or advisable regarding the proper performance of duties and the keeping of records and books of account by the chief administrative officer or other employees.
Auditor to provide minister with information
191 The auditor must make any further examination and submit any additional report requested by the minister.
Council to provide minister with information
192 A council must provide the minister with any information or document requested by the minister respecting the financial affairs of the municipality.
Auditor to give report to head of council and minister
193(1) The auditor must ensure that a copy of the report is given to the head of council and the minister.
Head of council to table report at next regular meeting
193(2) The head of council must table the auditor's report at the first regular meeting of the council after receiving the report.
Public notice of auditor's report
194 The municipality must without delay, after the report is tabled, give public notice that the report and the municipality's financial statements are available for inspection by any person at the municipal office during regular business hours.
Auditor to give report to head of audited body
195 If the auditor audits a body referred to in clauses 186(1)(b) and (c), he or she must ensure that a copy of the report on the body is given to the head of the body and the head of council.
Council to advise minister of action taken
196(1) If the auditor's report or the council's review of the report indicates that immediate action is required in respect of a matter, the council must
(a) take such action as it considers necessary or advisable to address the matter; and
(b) advise the minister of the matter and the action it has taken or proposes to take.
Minister may take action
196(2) If the council takes no action or the action that is taken or proposed is not satisfactory to the minister, the minister may take action that, in his or her opinion, best protects the interests of the municipality, and the municipality must pay any cost incurred in taking the action.
Auditor or minister may act as commissioner
197(1) The minister and the auditor each have, in respect of the audit, the powers of a commissioner appointed under Part V of The Manitoba Evidence Act, including the power to require persons to give evidence and to produce documents relating to the financial affairs of the municipality.
Auditor or minister may retain counsel
197(2) The minister or the auditor may retain counsel for the purpose of subsection (1), and the municipality must pay the fees and expenses of the counsel.
198 A person who contravenes this Division is guilty of an offence and is liable on summary conviction to a fine of not more than $5,000., and in default of payment, to imprisonment for not more than three years.
DIVISION 5.1
AUDIT CONDUCTED BY AUDITOR GENERAL
Audit by Auditor General
198.1(1) If the Auditor General makes recommendations regarding the operations of a municipality as a result of an audit conducted under section 15 of The Auditor General Act, the head of council of the municipality must table a copy of the report at the first council meeting after the Auditor General's report becomes public.
Response of council
198.1(2) The council must adopt a response to any recommendations of the Auditor General as soon as reasonably practicable after the report is tabled. If the response indicates that a measure is to be implemented, the response must specify the time period in which it is to be fully implemented.
Reporting on implementation
198.1(3) If the response includes a time period in which a measure is to be implemented, the head of council must report to the council on the status of the implementation at least annually until the measure is fully implemented.
MUNICIPALITIES IN FINANCIAL DIFFICULTIES
199 In sections 200 to 204, "municipality" includes a school district or school division for which a municipality collects taxes.
Order of supervision
200(1) Where the Lieutenant Governor in Council believes that a municipality is in financial difficulty and considers it to be in the best interests of the municipality, its voters and creditors that the affairs of the municipality be supervised, the Lieutenant Governor in Council may by order
(a) place the affairs of the municipality under supervision; and
(b) authorize the minister to appoint a supervisor of the affairs of the municipality.
Submission of program by municipality
200(2) Where a supervisor is appointed by the minister under subsection (1), the municipality must submit to the supervisor for approval, particulars of the following matters which constitute the program of the municipality:
(a) its financial plan;
(b) proposed taxation of the municipality;
(c) any other matter affecting the administration of the affairs of the municipality.
Directions and approval by supervisor
200(3) The municipality and its officers and officials must comply with the directions of the supervisor, and the council of the municipality must not finalize its program or pass any by-law respecting it until the program has been approved, or revised and approved, by the supervisor.
Notice of orders
200(4) Notice of an order made by the Lieutenant Governor in Council under subsection (1) must be published in The Manitoba Gazette.
Effect of Municipal Board Act
200(5) Nothing in this Division limits or otherwise affects the powers or authority of The Municipal Board under The Municipal Board Act, and if The Municipal Board, as authorized under that Act, at any time assumes supervision of a municipality or appoints a supervisor for it, from that time
(a) The Municipal Board has all the power and authority with respect to the municipality that is, or may be, given to it under that Act; and
(b) the minister ceases to have the powers and authority given to him or her under this Division.
Minister may prescribe program
201 Where a municipality fails to obtain the approval of the supervisor or fails in whole or in part to conduct its affairs in accordance with the program, the minister may prescribe a program for the municipality, which becomes effective and is binding upon the municipality, its council, the chief administrative officer, and all persons interested in or affected by it.
Amendment of program
202 The minister may amend in whole or in part a program approved by the supervisor or prescribed by the minister and the amendment is effective and binding immediately upon notice being given to the municipality.
Current borrowings
203 The minister may direct that every borrowing by the municipality is subject to the minister's approval and that no money may be borrowed for purposes other than, or in amounts greater than, those approved from time to time, and the municipality must comply with the direction.
Ministerial directions
204 In appointing a supervisor the minister may
(a) give directions respecting approval of the program set out in subsection 200(2);
(b) give directions for the deposit and disbursement of all money of, or received on account of, the municipality;
(c) give directions regarding the approval and execution of all by-laws, security documents and other documents; and
(d) impose such terms or conditions or give such other directions as the minister considers advisable.
Borrowing in contravention of order
205 Where a municipality that is under supervision borrows or applies money in contravention of a direction made by the minister or a supervisor under this Division, or under The Municipal Board Act, the members of the council who vote for the borrowing or misapplication are jointly and severally liable to repay the amount so borrowed or misapplied and the liability may, with the consent of the minister, be enforced by an action by the municipality, a voter, a person holding security issued by the municipality, or any creditor of the municipality.
Municipality remains subject to Act
206 Subject to this Part, the members of the council and the chief administrative officer of a municipality the affairs of which are under supervision remain subject to this and any other Act.
Payment of expenses
207 The minister may require that the expenses incurred under this Division be paid wholly or in part by the municipality under supervision and included in the operating budget of the municipality.
Appointment of administrator
208(1) Where the Lieutenant Governor in Council believes that a municipality is in serious financial difficulty and considers it to be in the best interests of the municipality, its voters and creditors, that the affairs of the municipality be administered by an independent administrator, the Lieutenant Governor in Council may by order
(b) appoint an administrator of the affairs of the municipality.
Notice in Manitoba Gazette
Effect of appointment
208(3) When an administrator is appointed under subsection (1), the then existing council and chief administrative officer of the municipality are deemed to have resigned from office and are no longer qualified to act for or on behalf of the municipality or to exercise the powers, duties or functions given to councils, members of council or a chief administrative officer under this or any other Act.
Powers of administrator
209 Subject to this Part, an administrator has the powers and authority and is subject to the restrictions and responsibilities of the council of a municipality under this or any other Act or a by-law.
Administrator may demand books
210 The administrator may demand from the chief administrative officer of the municipality all money, securities, evidences of title, and municipal records.
Administrator to be bonded
211 The administrator must be bonded as determined by the minister for the faithful performance of his or her duties.
Administrator under control of minister
212 The administrator must consult the minister and be guided by his or her advice and directions.
213 The minister may
(a) appoint or make provision for the election of a local committee of voters whom the administrator may consult respecting the affairs of the municipality; and
(b) fix the remuneration of the members of the local committee, to be paid from the funds of the municipality.
Supervision by minister
214 Section 204 (ministerial directions) applies with necessary modifications to the supervision of the administrator by the minister.
Approval of administrator's by-laws
215 No by-law passed by the administrator is effective until approved by the minister.
216 Section 207 (payment of expenses) applies with necessary modifications to the expenses of the administrator.
Restoration of municipal status
217 Where the Lieutenant Governor in Council considers it advisable to provide that the affairs of the municipality again be conducted by a council, the Lieutenant Governor in Council may by order
(a) make suitable provisions for the election of a new council for the municipality;
(b) revoke the appointment of the administrator effective upon such election; and
(c) authorize the minister to require the municipality and its chief administrative officer to submit annually to the minister particulars of its program as set out in clauses 200(2)(a) to (c).
Dissolution of municipality
218 Where the Lieutenant Governor in Council believes that a municipality is insolvent or is in imminent danger of insolvency and considers it to be in the best interests of the municipality, its voters and creditors that the municipality be dissolved and its affairs wound up, the Lieutenant Governor in Council may by order
(a) dissolve the municipality; and
(b) authorize the minister to appoint a receiver.
Effect of dissolution
219(1) When a receiver is appointed under section 218, the municipality is deemed to be dissolved and the then existing council and chief administrative officer of the municipality are deemed to have resigned from office and are no longer qualified to act for or on behalf of the municipality or to exercise the powers, duties or functions given to councils, members of council or a chief administrative officer under this or any other Act.
Publication in Manitoba Gazette
219(2) Notice of an order made by the Lieutenant Governor in Council under section 218 must be published in The Manitoba Gazette.
Receiver under control of minister
220 The receiver must consult the minister and be guided by his or her advice and directions.
Receiver may demand books
221 The receiver may demand from the chief administrative officer of the municipality, all money, securities, evidences of title, and municipal records.
Powers to realize upon assets
222 The receiver may
(a) realize upon the assets of the municipality; and
(b) with the approval of the minister, sell the assets of the municipality and execute, in the name of and on behalf of the municipality, all documents.
Receiver to be bonded
223 The receiver must be bonded as determined by the minister for the faithful performance of his or her duties.
Application of money
224 The receiver must apply all money received by him or her in payment of the liabilities of the municipality as far as circumstances permit, in the following order of priority:
(a) costs and expenses incidental to the receivership, including expenses of the receiver;
(b) salaries owing to employees of the municipality;
(c) amounts owing by the municipality to the Crown and to the several school districts or school divisions for which the municipality collects taxes;
(d) other just debts of the municipality, rateably and without preference or priority.
225 Section 207 (payment of expenses) applies with necessary modifications to the expenses of the receiver.
Distribution of assets for school purposes
226 The minister may order the receiver of a dissolved municipality to assign and transfer all or any portion of the assets of the dissolved municipality to the respective school districts or school divisions for which the municipality collects taxes, or to a trustee of them, in the manner provided in the order, in settlement of all claims of the respective school districts or school divisions against the municipality.
227 The Lieutenant Governor in Council may make regulations respecting any matter that the Lieutenant Governor in Council considers necessary or advisable to carry out the intent and purpose of this Division.
228 A member of a council or a chief administrative officer who fails to comply with a demand of a supervisor, administrator or receiver of the municipality that he or she is authorized to make is guilty of an offence and is liable on summary conviction to a fine of not more than $500. or to imprisonment for a term of not more than three months, or both.
BY-LAWS: GENERAL JURISDICTION
Geographic application of by-laws
229 A by-law of a municipality applies only within its boundaries unless
(a) the municipality agrees with another municipality that a by-law passed by one has effect within the boundaries of the other and the council of each municipality passes a by-law approving the agreement; or
(b) this or any other Act provides that the by-law applies outside the boundaries of the municipality.
By-law inconsistent with other legislation
230 A by-law that is inconsistent with an Act or regulation in force in the province is of no effect to the extent of the inconsistency.
SPHERES OF JURISDICTION
Guide to interpreting power to pass by-laws
231 The power given to a council under this Division to pass by-laws is stated in general terms
(a) to give broad authority to the council and to respect its right to govern the municipality in whatever way the council considers appropriate, within the jurisdiction given to it under this and other Acts; and
(b) to enhance the ability of the council to respond to present and future issues in the municipality.
232(1) A council may pass by-laws for municipal purposes respecting the following matters:
(a) the safety, health, protection and well-being of people, and the safety and protection of property;
(b) people, activities and things in, on or near a public place or a place open to the public, including parks, municipal roads, recreation centres, restaurants, facilities, retail stores, malls, and private clubs and facilities that are exempt from municipal taxation;
(c) subject to section 233, activities or things in or on private property;
(c.1) subject to section 233.1, the condition and maintenance of vacant dwellings and non-residential buildings;
(c.2) subject to section 233.2, the conversion of rental units into units under The Condominium Act;
(d) municipal roads, including naming the roads, posting the names on public or private property, and numbering lots and buildings along the roads;
(e) private works on, over, along or under municipal roads;
(f) property adjacent to highways or municipal roads, whether the property is publicly or privately owned;
(g) the operation of off-road vehicles on public or private property;
(h) drains and drainage on private or public property;
(i) preventing and fighting fires;
(j) the sale and use of firecrackers and other fireworks, the use of rifles, guns, and other firearms, and the use of bows and arrows and other devices;
(k) wild and domestic animals and activities in relation to them, including by-laws differentiating on the basis of sex, breed, size or weight;
(l) public utilities;
(m) local transportation systems;
(n) businesses, business activities and persons engaged in business;
(n.1) the establishment of a program of property tax credits to encourage and assist in the renovation of buildings that have been designated as municipal heritage sites under The Heritage Resources Act;
(o) the enforcement of by-laws.
Exercising by-law-making powers
232(2) Without limiting the generality of subsection (1), a council may in a by-law passed under this Division
(a) regulate or prohibit;
(b) adopt by reference in whole or in part, with any changes the council considers necessary or advisable, a code or standard made or recommended by the Government of Canada or a province or a recognized technical or professional organization, and require compliance with the code or standard;
(c) deal with any development, activity, industry, business, or thing in different ways, or divide any of them into classes and deal with each class in different ways;
(d) establish fees or other charges for services, activities or things provided or done by the municipality or for the use of property under the ownership, direction, management or control of the municipality;
(e) subject to the regulations, provide for a system of licences, permits or approvals, including any or all of the following:
(i) establishing fees, and terms for payment of fees, for inspections, licences, permits and approvals, including fees related to recovering the costs of regulation,
(ii) establishing fees for licences, permits and approvals that are higher for persons or businesses who do not reside or maintain a place of business in the municipality,
(iii) prohibiting a development, activity, industry, business or thing until a licence, permit or approval is granted,
(iv) providing that terms and conditions may be imposed on any licence, permit or approval, and providing for the nature of the terms and conditions and who may impose them,
(v) providing for the duration of licences, permits and approvals and their suspension or cancellation or any other remedy, including undertaking remedial action, and charging and collecting the costs of such action, for failure to pay a fee or to comply with a term or condition or with the by-law or for any other reason specified in the by-law, and
(vi) providing for the posting of a bond or other security to ensure compliance with a term or condition;
(f) except where a right of appeal is already provided in this or any other Act, provide for an appeal and the body that is to decide the appeal, and related matters;
(g) require persons who do not reside or have a place of business in the municipality to report to the municipal office before conducting business in the municipality; and
(h) require pawnbrokers to report all transactions by pawn or purchase to the head of council or to the police.
S.M. 2001, c. 30, s. 5; S.M. 2010, c. 2, s. 10; S.M. 2011, c. 30, Sch. D, s. 2.
Content of by-laws under clause 232(1)(c)
233 A by-law under clause 232(1)(c) (activities or things in or on private property) may contain provisions only in respect of
(a) the requirement that land and improvements be kept and maintained in a safe and clean condition;
(b) the parking and storing of vehicles, including the number and type of vehicles that may be kept or stored and the manner of parking and storing;
(c) the removal of top soil; and
(d) activities or things that in the opinion of the council are or could become a nuisance, which may include noise, weeds, odours, unsightly property, fumes and vibrations.
Content of by-laws under clause 232(1)(c.1)
233.1(1) A by-law under clause 232(1)(c.1) (vacant dwellings and non-residential buildings) may establish a system to regulate the condition and maintenance of vacant dwellings and non-residential buildings, and may include provisions respecting
(a) the manner in which the dwellings or buildings must be secured by owners or, on default, may be secured by the municipality;
(b) inspections by the municipality of the condition of the dwellings or buildings, including their interior condition; and
(c) the length of time that dwellings or buildings may remain boarded up.
233.1(2) A by-law under clause 232(1)(c.1) may not
regulate the condition and maintenance of vacant dwellings and non-residential buildings that are located on property that is classified as Farm Property under The Municipal Assessment Act.
233.2(1) A by-law under clause 232(1)(c.2) (condominium conversions) may require a person who proposes to engage in a condominium conversion in respect of land that contains, or has contained within the prescribed time period, one or more rental units to obtain the approval of the municipality before submitting a declaration in respect of that land to the appropriate land titles office.
Application of Condominium Act definitions
233.2(2) In subsection (1), the terms "condominium conversion", "declaration" and "rental unit" have the same meaning as in The Condominium Act.
233.2(3) A by-law under clause 232(1)(c.2) must
(a) authorize the body, which must be a council committee composed entirely of members of council, to consider and decide applications for the approval of proposed condominium conversions; and
(b) establish the form and content of certificates of approval that must be issued by the municipality when such applications are approved.
233.2(4) A by-law under clause 232(1)(c.2) may
(a) provide that approvals of proposed condominium conversions are time-limited, and establish such a time limit;
(b) establish criteria, in addition to the criteria under clause (5)(a), that are to be considered when deciding if a proposed condominium conversion is to be approved; and
(c) prescribe a time period within which the land must have contained one or more rental units in order for the proposed condominium conversion to be subject to the approval of the municipality.
233.2(5) The council committee may approve a proposed condominium conversion if it is satisfied that the conversion
(a) will not
(i) significantly reduce the availability of rental units in the area, or
(ii) create significant hardship for any of the occupants of the land that is the subject of the proposed condominium conversion; and
(b) will comply with any other criteria established by by-law.
S.M. 2011, c. 30, Sch. D, s. 3.
Content of by-laws under clause 232(1)(f)
234 Without limiting the generality of clause 232(1)(f) (property adjacent to highways or municipal roads), a by-law passed under that clause may include provisions respecting signs, survey monuments, landscaping and setbacks, including
(a) the growing of trees and shrubs and the construction of improvements;
(b) the control and removal of trees, shrubs, weeds, grass, snow, ice and obstructions; and
(c) the construction, repair and removal of fences and snow fences.
Charge re local transportation system under clause 232(1)(m)
235 Despite The Public Utilities Board Act, including section 106 (conflict of interest) of that Act, a rate, toll, fare or other charge established by a council in respect of a local transportation system referred to in clause 232(1)(m) is not subject to that Act.
Requirements prior to passing by-law under clause 232(1)(n.1)
235.1(1) A council may pass a by-law under clause 232(1)(n.1) only after it has
(a) adopted a development plan under The Planning Act that includes objectives and policies respecting the preservation, protection or enhancement of buildings by reason of their historical significance; and
(b) passed a by-law under The Heritage Resources Act providing for the issuance, suspension and cancellation of municipal heritage permits.
Content of heritage tax credit by-law
235.1(2) A by-law under clause 232(1)(n.1) (tax credits for heritage buildings) may, without limiting the generality of that clause,
(a) specify the taxes against which there may be a tax credit;
(b) determine the types of renovations and costs associated with renovations that are eligible for a tax credit;
(c) impose terms and conditions on the entitlement to a tax credit;
(d) provide for the amount, or the means of determining the amount, of a tax credit;
(e) establish a maximum annual tax credit for each building;
(f) fix the period of time during which a tax credit may be applied to taxes;
(g) make provision for any other matter that council considers necessary or advisable.
Content of by-laws under clause 232(1)(o)
236(1) Without limiting the generality of clause 232(1)(o) (enforcement of by-laws), a by-law passed under that clause may include provisions
(a) providing for procedures, including inspections, for determining whether by-laws are being complied with; and
(b) remedying contraventions of by-laws, including
(i) creating offences,
(ii) subject to the regulations, providing for fines and penalties, including the imposition of a penalty for an offence that is in addition to a fine or imprisonment, so long as the penalty relates to a fee, rate, toll, charge or cost that is associated with the conduct that gives rise to the offence, or related to enforcing the by-law,
(iii) providing that an amount owing under subclause (ii) may be collected in any manner in which a tax may be collected or enforced under this Act,
(iv) seizing, removing, impounding, confiscating and selling or otherwise disposing of plants, animals, vehicles, or other things related to a contravention,
(v) charging and collecting costs incurred in respect of acting under subclause (iv),
(vi) imposing a sentence of imprisonment for not more than six months for the commission of offences or nonpayment of fines.
Application of clause 232(1)(o)
236(2) Clause 232(1)(o) applies only in respect of a by-law passed under this Part.
No licence required for sale of own produce
237 Despite clause 232(2)(e) (by-laws respecting licences, permits, approvals), a municipality may not require that a licence, permit or approval be obtained to sell produce grown in Manitoba if the sale is by the individual who produced it or an immediate family member or employee of the individual.
Fee in addition to business or amusement tax
238 A fee imposed under this Division is in addition to, and not in lieu of, a business tax imposed under Division 3 of Part 10 or an amusement tax imposed under Division 6 of Part 10.
ENFORCEMENT OF BY-LAWS
Municipal inspections and enforcement
239(1) If this or any other Act or a by-law authorizes or requires anything to be inspected, remedied, enforced or done by a municipality, a designated officer of the municipality may, after giving reasonable notice to the owner or occupier of land or the building or other structure to be entered to carry out the inspection, remedy, enforcement or action,
(a) enter the land or structure at any reasonable time, and carry out the inspection, enforcement or action authorized or required by the Act or by-law;
(b) request that anything be produced to assist in the inspection, remedy, enforcement or action; and
(c) make copies of anything related to the inspection, remedy, enforcement or action.
239(2) The designated officer must display or produce on request identification showing that he or she is authorized to make the entry.
239(3) In an emergency, or in extraordinary circumstances, the designated officer need not give reasonable notice or enter at a reasonable hour and may do the things referred to in clauses (1)(a) and (c) without the consent of the owner or occupant.
Court authorized inspections and enforcement
240(1) The municipality may apply to the court for an order under subsection (2) if a person
(a) refuses to allow or interferes with the entry, inspection, enforcement or action referred to in section 239; or
(b) refuses to produce anything to assist in the inspection, remedy, enforcement or action referred to in section 239.
240(2) On an application under subsection (1), the court may issue any order it considers appropriate, including
(a) restraining a person from preventing or interfering with the entry, inspection, enforcement or action; or
(b) requiring the production of anything to assist in the inspection, remedy, enforcement or action.
Inspection of meters
241(1) If a designated officer of a municipality believes that a meter or other device that measures a utility or other service has been tampered with, the designated officer may apply to the court for an order authorizing
(a) entry of the land or structure in which the device is located; and
(b) inspection and testing of the device.
241(2) The judge may issue the order on being satisfied by evidence of the designated officer under oath that he or she has reasonable grounds to believe the meter has been tampered with.
Order to remedy contravention
242(1) If a designated officer finds that a person is contravening a by-law or this or any other Act that the municipality is authorized to enforce, the designated officer may by written order require the person responsible for the contravention to remedy it if, in the opinion of the officer, the circumstances so require.
Content of order
242(2) The order may
(a) direct a person to stop doing something, or to change the way in which the person is doing it;
(b) direct a person to take any action or measure necessary to remedy the contravention of the Act or by-law, including the removal or demolition of a structure that has been erected or placed in contravention of a by-law and, if necessary, to prevent a reoccurrence of the contravention;
(c) state a time within which the person must comply with the directions; and
(d) state that if the person does not comply with the directions within a specified time, the municipality will take the action or measure at the expense of the person.
Order to remedy dangers and unsightly property
243(1) If, in the opinion of a designated officer, a structure, excavation or hole is dangerous to public safety or property, or because of its unsightly condition, is detrimental to the surrounding area, the designated officer may by written order
(a) in the case of a structure, require the owner
(i) to eliminate the danger to public safety in the manner specified, or
(ii) remove or demolish the structure and level the site;
(b) in the case of land that contains the excavation or hole, require the owner
(ii) fill in the excavation or hole and level the site;
(c) in the case of property that is in an unsightly condition, require the owner
(i) to improve the appearance of the property in the manner specified, or
(ii) if the property is a building or other structure, remove or demolish the structure and level the site.
Further content of order
(a) state a time within which the person must comply with the order; and
(b) state that if the person does not comply with the order within the specified time, the municipality will take the action or measure at the expense of the person.
Review by council
244(1) A person who receives a written order under section 242 or 243 may request the council to review the order by written notice within 14 days after the date the order is received, or such longer period as a by-law specifies.
Powers of council
244(2) After reviewing the order, the council may confirm, vary, substitute or cancel the order.
Municipality remedying contraventions
245(1) A municipality may take whatever action or measures are necessary to remedy a contravention of a by-law or this or any other Act that the municipality is authorized to enforce or to prevent a re-occurrence of the contravention, if
(a) the designated officer has given a written order under section 242;
(b) the order contains a statement referred to in clause 242(2)(b);
(c) the person to whom the order is directed has not complied with the order within the time specified in the order; and
(d) the appeal period respecting the order has passed or, if an appeal has been made, the appeal has been decided, and it allows the municipality to take the action or measures.
Closure of premises
245(2) If the order under section 242 directs that premises be put and maintained in a sanitary condition, the municipality may, under this section, close the premises and use reasonable force to remove occupants.
245(3) The costs of an action or measure taken by a municipality under this section are an amount owing to the municipality by the person who contravened the Act or by-law.
Remedying dangers and unsightly property
246(1) A municipality may take whatever actions or measures it considers necessary to eliminate the danger to public safety caused by a structure, excavation or hole or to deal with the unsightly condition of property if
(a) the municipality has given a written order under section 243;
(d) the appeal period respecting the order has passed or, if an appeal has been made, the appeal has been decided and it allows the municipality to take the action or measures.
Removal of occupants
246(2) If a structure is being removed or demolished by a municipality under this section, the municipality may use reasonable force to remove occupants.
246(3) The costs of an action or measure taken by a municipality under this section are an amount owing to the municipality by the person who was required to do something by the order under section 243.
Proceeds of sale
246(4) If the municipality sells all or part of a structure that is removed under this section, the proceeds of the sale must be used to pay the expenses and costs of the removal, and any excess proceeds must be paid to the person entitled to them.
247(1) Despite sections 243, 245 and 246, in an emergency a municipality may take whatever actions or measures are necessary to eliminate the emergency.
247(2) This section applies whether or not the emergency involves a contravention of this or any other Act that the municipality is authorized or required to enforce, or a by-law.
Compliance with order
247(3) A person who receives an oral or written order under this section requiring him or her to provide labour, services, equipment or materials must comply with the order.
Remuneration for service or materials
247(4) A person who provides labour, services, equipment or materials under this section and who did not cause the emergency is entitled to reasonable remuneration from the municipality.
247(5) The costs of actions or measures taken to eliminate an emergency, including the remuneration referred to in subsection (4), are an amount owing to the municipality by the person who caused the emergency and may be collected by the municipality in the same manner as a tax may be collected or enforced under this Act.
247.1(1) The following definitions apply in this section and in sections 247.2 to 247.13.
"derelict building by-law" means a by-law passed under clause 232(1)(c.1) that regulates the condition and maintenance of vacant dwellings or non-residential buildings. (« règlement sur les bâtiments abandonnés »)
"derelict property" means real property upon which is located a vacant dwelling or non-residential building that is not in compliance with the municipality's derelict building by-law. (« bien abandonné »)
"registered owner" has the same meaning as in The Municipal Assessment Act. (« propriétaire »)
"second notice" means the second notice of a preliminary derelict building order, issued under section 247.4. (« deuxième avis »)
Interpretation: evidence property is derelict
247.1(2) For the purposes of this section and sections 247.2 to 247.13, a property is a derelict property if
(a) the registered owner of the property has been found guilty of contravening the municipality's derelict building by-law; and
(b) a designated officer certifies by statutory declaration that the property continues to be in contravention of the municipality's derelict building by-law.
S.M. 2010, c. 2, s. 12; S.M. 2013, c. 11, s. 75.
By-law re derelict building orders, second notices and certificates
247.2(1) A council may by by-law establish a process for issuing preliminary derelict building orders, second notices and derelict building certificates in respect of derelict properties.
Public hearing required
247.2(2) A council must give public notice and hold a public hearing in respect of a proposed derelict building by-law.
247.2(3) A by-law made under subsection (1) must include provisions respecting
(a) the issuance of preliminary derelict building orders by designated officers, including
(i) the form and content of the order, which must include the legal description of the property, a statement that the property is a derelict property and a statement that the property may be transferred to the municipality if it is not brought into compliance with the municipality's derelict building by-law,
(ii) the minimum time period within which the registered owner must bring the property into compliance with the derelict building by-law, which must be at least 90 days,
(iii) the right of a person served with an order to have the council review it, or to have the council review the time period set out in it for bringing the property into compliance, and
(iv) the deadline for requesting council to review the order, which must be at least 90 days after the order is served;
(b) the issuance of second notices of preliminary derelict building orders by designated officers, including the form and content of the notice;
(c) subject to section 247.7, the process that designated officers must follow when applying for derelict building certificates; and
(d) the form and content of statutory declarations that designated officers must make under clause 247.1(2)(b).
Issuing preliminary derelict building orders
247.3(1) A designated officer may issue a preliminary derelict building order in respect of a property if satisfied that
(b) the property continues to be in contravention of the by-law.
Preliminary order must be registered and served
247.3(2) The designated officer who issues a preliminary derelict building order must ensure that a copy of the order is
(a) promptly registered against the derelict property in the land titles office; and
(b) personally served on the registered owner of the derelict property and on every other person who, on the day the order is registered, appears from the records in the land titles office to have an interest in the property.
Exception re service
247.3(3) Despite clause (2)(b), a person who holds a registered interest listed in subsection 45(5) of The Real Property Act is not required to be served with a copy of the order.
Second notice of preliminary order
247.4(1) A designated officer may issue a second notice of the preliminary derelict building order if a property continues to remain a derelict property for more than 30 days after the day on which the preliminary derelict building order was served on all the persons required to be served under clause 247.3(2)(b).
Content of second notice
247.4(2) The second notice must include a copy of the preliminary derelict building order and must clearly indicate the following:
(a) that unless the property is brought into compliance with the municipality's derelict building by-law within 60 days, or such longer period as may be established by by-law, after the second notice is served on the registered owner and the interested persons,
(i) title to the property may be issued in the name of the municipality, and
(ii) the person served with the notice may be forever estopped and debarred from setting up any claim to or in respect of the property;
(b) the right of a person served with the notice to have the council review the preliminary derelict building order, or to have the council review the time period set out in it for bringing the property into compliance with the municipality's derelict building by-law;
(c) the deadline for requesting the council to review the order, which must be at least 60 days after the second notice is served.
Registration and service of second notice
247.4(3) The designated officer must ensure that a copy of the second notice is
(b) personally served on the registered owner of the derelict property and on every other person who, on the day the notice is registered, appears from the records in the land titles office to have an interest in the property.
247.4(4) Despite clause (3)(b), a person who holds a registered interest listed in subsection 45(5) of The Real Property Act is not required to be served with a copy of the second notice.
District registrar to register order or notice
247.5(1) On receiving a preliminary derelict building order or a second notice, the district registrar must register it against the title of the land described in the order.
Subsequent purchasers are deemed served
247.5(2) A person who acquires an interest in land on or after the date on which a preliminary derelict building order or a second notice is registered is deemed to have been personally served with the order or notice on the date of registration.
Change in ownership does not affect process
247.5(3) If a person acquires an interest in a derelict property on or after the date on which a preliminary derelict building order or a second notice is registered, the property does not cease to be a derelict property because the person acquiring the interest has not been convicted of contravening the municipality's derelict building by-law.
Substitutional service
247.6(1) If a municipality has been unable to effect personal service of a preliminary derelict building order or a second notice after having made reasonable attempts to do so, the district registrar may, on application made by a designated officer, grant an order of substitutional service of the order or notice.
Compliance with order for substitutional service
247.6(2) Proof of compliance with an order of substitutional service under subsection (1) is deemed to be proof of service of the order or notice on the person served.
Substitutional service orders may be made at the same time
247.6(3) Under subsection (1), the district registrar may make a separate order of substitutional service of the second notice at the same time he or she makes an order of substitutional service of the preliminary derelict building order.
Application for derelict building certificate
247.7(1) A designated officer may apply to the council for a derelict building certificate in respect of a derelict property if
(a) a preliminary derelict building order and a second notice have been issued, registered and served in accordance with sections 247.3, 247.4 and 247.6;
(b) the time period for bringing the property into compliance with the municipality's derelict building by-law provided in the second notice of the preliminary derelict building order has expired;
(c) the time period for requesting a review by council, as set out in the second notice, has expired or, if a review was requested, the council has reviewed the order and
(i) confirmed the order, or
(ii) varied the order, but the order, as varied, has not been complied with; and
(d) the designated officer is satisfied that the property continues to be in contravention of the municipality's derelict building by-law.
Issuance of derelict building certificate
247.7(2) On receiving an application for a derelict building certificate, the council may by resolution issue the certificate if
(a) there is evidence that the property continues to be a derelict property; and
(b) in the opinion of the council, there is a satisfactory plan for redeveloping the property.
Registration of certificate and application for title
247.8(1) When a derelict building certificate is issued, the designated officer may
(a) register the certificate against the derelict property in the land titles office; and
(b) apply to the district registrar for title to the derelict property to be issued in the name of the municipality.
Content of application
247.8(2) When applying for title, the designated officer must include evidence satisfactory to the district registrar of the following:
(a) the date the council issued the derelict building certificate;
(b) that the preliminary derelict building order and second notice were issued, registered and served in accordance with sections 247.3, 247.4 and 247.6;
(c) that the property continues to be in contravention of the municipality's derelict building by-law.
How application to be treated
247.8(3) An application for title must be dealt with as an application for transmission under The Real Property Act.
Deemed notice etc.
247.8(4) Section 247.5 applies, with necessary changes, to the registration of the derelict building certificate.
Deadline for application
247.8(5) An application for title must be made within 120 days after the council issues the derelict building certificate. If no application is made in that period,
(a) the property ceases to be affected by the derelict building certificate; and
(b) the district registrar may, without notice to the municipality, vacate the registration of the preliminary derelict building order, second notice and derelict building certificate.
No claim in respect of property
247.9 Every person required to be served with a preliminary derelict building order or second notice who does not, before the expiry of 30 days after the municipality applies for title to the property to be issued in the municipality's name, challenge the derelict building certificate under section 247.12, is forever estopped and debarred from setting up any claim to or in respect of the property.
Issue of title
247.10(1) On receiving an application for title under section 247.8, the district registrar must, as soon as reasonably practicable after the deadline for challenging the derelict building certificate under section 247.12 expires, issue a title under The Real Property Act vesting the derelict property in the municipality's name.
Court application operates as stay
247.10(2) If a pending litigation order is registered because of an application brought to set aside the derelict building certificate under section 247.12, the district registrar must not issue a title under subsection (1) until the court deals with the application.
Validity of title
247.10(3) Except for the registered instruments listed in subsection 45(5) of The Real Property Act, a title to real property issued under subsection (1) extinguishes every interest in, and right in respect of, the property that arose or existed in the property before it was transferred to the municipality.
District registrar not obliged to inquire
247.11(1) The district registrar is not obliged to ascertain or inquire into the designation of a designated officer or the regularity or lawfulness of any proceedings in respect of
(a) a preliminary derelict building order, second notice or derelict building certificate issued under a derelict building by-law; or
(b) evidence that a property does not comply with a derelict building by-law.
No action against district registrar
247.11(2) No action may be brought or maintained against the district registrar, the land titles office, a service provider under The Real Property Act, or the government for damages that may accrue because of any action by the district registrar or the land titles office under this section or sections 247.5 to 247.10.
Application to set aside derelict building certificate
247.12(1) A person wishing to challenge a derelict building certificate must, within 30 days after the date the derelict building certificate was registered under section 247.8,
(a) bring an application in court to set aside the derelict building certificate; and
(b) obtain a pending litigation order and register it in the land titles office.
Setting aside derelict building certificate
247.12(2) A derelict building certificate shall not be annulled, set aside or declared illegal except on the grounds that
(a) the conditions for applying for a derelict building certificate in respect of the property, as set out in section 247.7(1), were not complied with; or
(b) on the day the application was filed with the court, the property complied with the municipality's derelict building by-law.
Discharge of orders and certificates by municipality
247.13(1) If, at any time before title is issued under section 247.10, a designated officer is satisfied that a derelict property has been brought into compliance with the municipality's derelict building by-law, the designated officer must promptly register a discharge of
(a) any preliminary derelict building order, second notice or derelict building certificate registered against the property, in a form approved under The Real Property Act; and
(b) any application for title commenced under section 247.8.
Process must recommence
247.13(2) If a preliminary derelict building order, second notice or derelict building certificate registered by a municipality is discharged, no new order may be registered against the property unless the registered owner is again found guilty of contravening the municipality's derelict building by-law.
Application to court to enforce by-law
248 A municipality may apply to the court for an injunction or other order to enforce a by-law of the municipality or to restrain a contravention of it, and the court may grant or refuse the injunction or other order or make any other order that it considers fair and just.
Contravention of by-law is an offence
249(1) A person who contravenes a by-law of a municipality is guilty of an offence and, if the by-law imposes no other penalty, is liable on summary conviction to a fine of not more than $500. or to imprisonment for a term of not more than three months, or both.
Continuing offence
249(2) Where a contravention continues for more than one day, the person is guilty of a separate offence for each day it continues.
Disposition of fines
249(3) A fine imposed for contravening a by-law of a municipality must be paid to the municipality.
Proof of boarding up
249.1 If, in any proceeding relating to the enforcement of a by-law passed under clause 233(c.1), there is evidence that a building was boarded up on two separate dates, the onus is on the registered owner to prove that the building was not continuously boarded up between those dates.
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25254
|
__label__wiki
| 0.897197
| 0.897197
|
The Department of Justice Act
This is an unofficial version.
If you need an official copy, use the bilingual (PDF) version.
This version is current as of July 16, 2019.
It has been in effect since June 2, 2017.
Show previous versions Hide previous versions
Previous versions:
1 Jun 2014 to 1 Jun 2017 — Bilingual version (PDF)
1 May 2014 to 31 May 2014 — Bilingual version (PDF)
17 Jun 2010 to 30 Apr 2014 — Bilingual version (PDF)
3 Nov 1995 to 16 Jun 2010
Note: Earlier consolidated versions are not available online.
Search this Act
Remove table
C.C.S.M. c. J35 The Department of Justice Act
(formerly The Attorney General's Act, C.C.S.M. c. A170)
RSM 1987, c. A170
• in force: 1 Jun 2014 (proc: 21 May 2014)
SM 2013, c. 39, Sch. A, s. 68
• in force: 1 May 2014 (Man. Gaz.: 3 May 2014)
C.C.S.M. c. J35
Table of Contents Bilingual (PDF) Regulations
ORGANIZATION AND FUNCTIONS OF DEPARTMENT
1 In this Act,
"department" means the Department of Justice; (« ministère »)
"minister" means the Minister of Justice. (« ministre »)
Department continued
1.1 The department of the Government of Manitoba known as the Department of Justice is continued, and the minister shall preside over the department.
S.M. 1993, c. 48, s. 47; S.M. 1995, c. 33, s. 13.
Her Majesty's Attorney General
1.2 The Minister of Justice is ex officio Her Majesty's Attorney General for Manitoba and the Deputy Minister of Justice is ex officio the Deputy Attorney General.
1.3 Renumbered as section 1.2.
Duties of minister
2 The minister
(a) is the official legal adviser of the Lieutenant Governor and the legal member of the Executive Council;
(b) shall see that the administration of public affairs is in accordance with law;
(c) shall superintend all matters connected with the administration of justice in the province that are not within the jurisdiction of the Government of Canada;
(d) shall advise on the legislative acts and proceedings of the Legislature, and generally advise the Crown on all matters of law referred to the minister by the Crown;
(e) shall advise the heads of the several departments of the government on all matters of law connected with those departments; and
(f) is charged, generally, with any duties that may be at any time assigned by law or by the Lieutenant Governor in Council to the minister.
Duties of Attorney General
2.1 The Attorney General
(a) is entrusted with the powers and charged with the duties that belong to the offices of the Attorney General and Solicitor General of England by law or usage, so far as those powers and duties are applicable to the province, and also with the powers and duties that, by the laws of Canada and of the province to be administered and carried into effect by the government of the province, belong to the office of the Attorney General and Solicitor General;
(b) shall regulate and conduct all litigation for or against the Crown or any department of the government in respect of any subjects within the authority or jurisdiction of the Legislature;
(c) is charged with the settlement of all instruments issued under the great seal; and
(d) is charged generally with any duties that may be assigned by law or by the Lieutenant Governor in Council to the Attorney General.
Appointments and remuneration
3 A deputy minister and such other officers and employees as may be required to carry on the business of the department may be appointed as provided in The Civil Service Act.
S.M. 2013, c. 39, Sch. A, s. 68.
Limit on proceedings against Crown attorneys, etc.
3.1(1) No action or other proceeding for damages shall be commenced by a person who is or was the subject of a prosecution, in respect of any act done or omitted to be done in the performance or purported performance of a duty or authority in relation to the prosecution, against any of the following:
(a) a Crown attorney appointed under The Crown Attorneys Act;
(b) a person appointed under subsection 3(3) of The Crown Attorneys Act or directed under subsection 5(2) of that Act;
(c) an officer or employee appointed under section 3;
(d) a person who formerly held an appointment under clause (a), (b) or (c) or was formerly directed under clause (b).
Proceedings against Attorney General
3.1(2) An action or other proceeding may be commenced against the Attorney General by a person who is or was the subject of a prosecution. The Attorney General stands in the place of the person against whom the action or other proceeding would have been brought but for subsection (1) and may be found liable in his or her stead.
Limit on proceedings against Attorney General
3.1(3) An action or other proceeding may be brought against only the Attorney General if, but for subsection (1), the action or proceeding could have been brought against a person referred to in clauses (1)(a) to (d).
Liability without prejudice
3.1(4) A finding of liability against the Attorney General is without prejudice to the right of the Attorney General or the Crown to indemnity or other relief from the person in whose place the Attorney General stood in the action or other proceeding.
Application of other Acts
3.1(5) Sections 9, 11 and 18 of The Proceedings Against the Crown Act and section 41 of The Financial Administration Act apply, with necessary changes, to an action or proceeding under subsection (2). A reference to the Crown or the government in any of these provisions is to be read as a reference to the Attorney General.
Appointment of committees and duties
4(1) The Lieutenant Governor in Council may, by order in council, appoint such committees as may be required
(a) to inquire into, investigate, report, and advise on any matter referred to any such committee by the minister; and
(b) to perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the Lieutenant Governor in Council.
Personnel of committees and terms of office
4(2) A committee appointed under subsection (1) shall consist of such number of persons, each of whom shall hold office for such term, as the Lieutenant Governor in Council may prescribe in the order.
Chairman and vice-chairman
4(3) On appointing a committee under subsection (1), the Lieutenant Governor in Council shall, by order, appoint or provide for the appointment or selection of the chairman and, if deemed advisable, a vice-chairman thereof.
Reports of committees
4(4) A committee appointed under subsection (1) shall report to the minister within such period as he may direct, or may report to him periodically or from time to time as he may require.
Powers of committees
4(5) If so provided by order of the Lieutenant Governor in Council, the members of a committee appointed under subsection (1) have the powers and authority, and are subject to the requirements and obligations, granted to, and charged on, commissioners appointed under Part V of The Manitoba Evidence Act or such portions thereof as may be specified in the order.
Remuneration and expenses
4(6) From and out of the Consolidated Fund, with moneys authorized by an Act of the Legislature to be so paid and applied, the Minister of Finance, on the written requisition of the minister, may pay to persons appointed as members of any committee appointed under subsection (1) such sums as remuneration for their services, as may be fixed by order of the Lieutenant Governor in Council, together with the amount of such reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred by them in discharging their duties as may be approved by the Minister of Finance and certified by the minister.
5 to 7 [Repealed]
S.M. 1993, c. 48, s. 47; S.M. 2013, c. 39, Sch. A, s. 68.
8 [Repealed]
Recovery of legal costs
9 Where the government or any person is represented in any suit or proceeding by a barrister-at-law or a solicitor whose remuneration is paid from the Consolidated Fund, whether by way of salary or otherwise, the government or the person may collect and recover lawful costs in the suit or proceeding in the same manner and to the same extent as if the barrister-at-law or solicitor were not being remunerated from the Consolidated Fund, whether or not those costs are by the terms of the employment or retainer of the barrister-at-law or solicitor payable to the barrister-at-law or the solicitor in addition to the remuneration he is paid from the Consolidated Fund.
Legal aid scheme
10(1) The minister may establish and administer a scheme for assisting persons
(a) who are charged with indictable offences under the Criminal Code (Canada) including such indictable offences that are tried summarily; and
(b) who are unable to pay for legal advice and services in respect of proceedings related to the charges;
to obtain legal advice and services in respect of the prosecution of the charges, including appeals arising therefrom and applications for prerogative writs or any other proceedings connected therewith.
10(2) For the purpose of administering a scheme established under subsection (1), the minister, for and on behalf of the government, with the approval of the Lieutenant Governor in Council, may enter into agreements and arrangements with The Law Society of Manitoba and such other persons, organizations and associations, whether incorporated or unincorporated, as the Lieutenant Governor in Council deems advisable, and the agreements or arrangements may provide that any party thereto is responsible for determining the persons who are eligible for assistance under a scheme established under subsection (1) and may relate to the selection and remuneration of barristers and solicitors to advise and act for persons eligible for the assistance.
10(3) For the purpose of carrying out the provisions of this section, the Lieutenant Governor in Council may make such regulations as are ancillary thereto, and are not inconsistent therewith, and every regulation made under, and in accordance with the authority granted by, this section has the force of law; and without restricting the generality of the foregoing, the Lieutenant Governor in Council may make such regulations
(a) prescribing procedures for administering the scheme established under subsection (1);
(b) prescribing a tariff of fees payable to barristers and solicitors advising or acting for persons under the scheme established under subsection (1);
(c) establishing standards for determining persons eligible for assistance under the scheme established under subsection (1).
Definition of "trial"
11 For the purposes of sections 12, 13, 14, 15 and 15.1, "trial" means any proceeding in a criminal matter in a court or before a justice of the peace and includes a prosecution for an offence against any Act of the Legislature or regulations made thereunder.
Payment of fees to witnesses
12 Witnesses attending trials at the instance of the Crown may be paid such fees and allowances as may be prescribed by regulations made by the Lieutenant Governor in Council.
Fees to interpreters
13 The Crown, where it is necessary for the purposes of a trial, may employ an interpreter who shall be paid such fees and allowances as may be prescribed in the regulations.
14 For the purposes of sections 12 and 13 the Lieutenant Governor in Council may make regulations
(a) prescribing fees and allowances for witnesses and interpreters; and
(b) exempting certain persons from the application of sections 12, 13 and 15.
Additional fees and allowances
15 Notwithstanding any regulation made under section 14 where the deputy minister is of the opinion that the fees and allowances payable to a witness or an interpreter as prescribed by the regulations are insufficient having regard to special circumstances, he may authorize and there may be paid to the witness or interpreter, as the case may be, such higher fee or allowance or both as he considers just.
Retaining lawyer for person unable to get legal aid
15.1(1) If a court finds that a person who is not able to obtain legal aid is entitled by law to government-funded legal representation,
(a) the lawyer for the person is to be retained in accordance with a prescribed process; and
(b) the lawyer is to be paid at a prescribed rate, subject to subsection (3).
Payment for lawyer assisting court
15.1(2) If a court
(a) directs that a lawyer be appointed to perform certain functions in a trial under authority of a statute or to preserve a person's rights under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms; and
(b) directs the government to pay the lawyer's fees and disbursements;
the lawyer is to be paid at a prescribed rate, subject to subsection (3).
Legal aid lawyer may act
15.1(3) A lawyer employed with Legal Aid Manitoba may act in the circumstances set out in subsection (1) or (2). If this occurs, the government is to pay Legal Aid Manitoba for the lawyer's services at a prescribed rate.
15.1(4) The Lieutenant Governor in Council may make regulations
(a) prescribing the process for retaining a lawyer in the circumstances set out in subsection (1);
(b) prescribing the rate to be paid to lawyers acting in the circumstances set out in this section.
Definition of "legal aid"
15.1(5) In this section, "legal aid" means legal advice and services provided under The Legal Aid Manitoba Act.
C.C.S.M. reference
16 The Act shall no longer be referred to as chapter A170 of the Continuing Consolidation of the Statutes of Manitoba, but may be referred to as chapter J35 of the Continuing Consolidation of the Statutes of Manitoba.
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25255
|
__label__wiki
| 0.800742
| 0.800742
|
Alan Marriott
Home Voices Improv Upcoming Shows & Workshops Will Shakespeare's Impro Musical The SantaLand Diaries Bio Gallery Contact
HomeVoicesImprovUpcoming Shows & WorkshopsWill Shakespeare's Impro MusicalThe SantaLand DiariesBioGalleryContact
Alan has been performing and teaching improv in North America and Europe for over 20 years, alongside improv legends such as Keith Johnstone, Colin Mochrie, Eddie Izzard and Jeremy Hardy.
Original Production of Suspect (Vancouver TheatreSports League)
Alan got his first taste of improvisation with Vancouver Theatresports and, as they say, things were never the same again! Alan spent four amazing years with V.T.S.L., where he was taught by Keith Jonstone and worked closely with (among others) Colin Mochrie and Ryan Styles. He also originated the character of Aldous Bacon in VTSL's original production of 'Suspect' (an improvised murder mystery). From his start at Vancouver Theatresports (where he was taught by Keith Johnstone, Phil Savath and many impro pioneers), Alan has worked with or taught many groups in London, Vancouver and throughout Europe including:
Showstopper,The Comedy Store Players, Grand Theft Impro, South of the River and Holsten Impro (with Steve Frost and Jeremy Hardy), Scratch(with Ruth Bratt) Impropera (a two act improvised opera), Lust Boulevard(an improvised soap opera directed by Phelim McDermott), Alliances (London's first 2 act improvised play), The Impro Musical, Friday Night Live, Vancouver Theatresports League, The Chip Butcher Quartet, Made Up Like Tarts, Dogs on Holiday, Hamlet Improvised, Impro Lear,Brickbats Volunteers, and Omelette Broadcasting (with Lee Simpson).
As a teacher Alan has been spreading improvisation and impro thinking, world wide for over 25 years. Some of his clients include the Society of London Theatres (SOLT), Independent drama schools, Sibelius Academy in Helsinki, Springmaus in Germany, Whose Line is it Anyway in Belgium ,Snell Theatre in Amsterdam, Rock Paper Scissors Vancouver. Alan was the original Artistic Director of Theatresports London at the Donmar Warehouse.
A list of Alan's former students includes Eddie Izzard, Alan Davies, John Sparks, Jake Arnott, Stella Duffy, Gordon Kennedy, Neil Ashdown, Fay Ripley, Ben Keaton, Dylan Emery, Pippa Evans, Ruth Bratt, Phillip Pellew, Andy Stanton, Steve Roe, Abandoman and many more.
In 2015 Alan began teaching improvisation and voice-overs at School Creative in Vancouver and became the school's first head of the Comedy Conservatory program.
Alan regularly performs in London and throughout Europe with the Grand Theft Impro Team and Slattery Night Fever (with Tony Slattery). He recently directed and performed in Will Shakespeare's Impro Musical for the 2017 Edinburgh Fringe Festival.
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25260
|
__label__wiki
| 0.725609
| 0.725609
|
Palestinian Authority Rushes Payment to Terrorist’s Family Hours After Attack Kills Father of Four
by Steven Emerson
Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas speaks during a meeting of the Palestinian Central Council in Ramallah, January 14, 2018. Photo: Reuters / Mohamad Torokman.
The Palestinian Authority (PA) rushed to transfer an advance of roughly $3,300 to the family of terrorist Khalil Jabarin, who killed American-Israeli citizen Ari Fuld in a stabbing attack on Sunday, Eliran Tal reported for Israel’s Channel One News.
Fuld was born in New York before moving to Israel in 1994. He lived in Efrat with his wife and was the father of four children. The PA transfer reportedly occurred hours after the attack, during Fuld’s funeral service.
A diplomatic source speaking to Channel One said that “this is an outrageous and angry step by Abu Mazen [Mahmoud Abbas], who proves to us all again that his face is not peace or arrangement with Israel, but rather the continuation of the armed struggle against us,” according to a translation of the original Hebrew-language article.
PA media was quick to paint the terrorist as a young victim. One official PA daily headline read: “The shooting and wounding of the boy Khalil Jabarin, and his arrest claiming that he killed a settler next to ‘Etzion [sic],” according to Palestinian Media Watch.
Palestinians often refer to all Israeli civilians as settlers in order to justify their murder.
Fuld managed to shoot the terrorist before succumbing to his injuries at Jerusalem’s Shaare Zedek Medical Center. The terrorist is being treated in an Israeli hospital, and is in fair condition.
The Jabarin family reportedly notified the Palestinian security forces of the terrorist’s plans to carry out an attack at the Tomb of the Patriarchs in Hebron. However, the PA’s security forces were unable to find him in time.
But his family received a generous advance from the PA, and will continue being paid a salary for Jabarin’s deadly attack.
This is another example of the PA glorifying and promoting terrorism by paying significant sums of money to Palestinian terrorists and their families. Payments to released prisoners and jailed Palestinians are based on the length of a prison sentence, which is a function of their action’s severity. The more brutal the attack or murder, the more money that a Palestinian prisoner receives. Based on historical precedent, Jabarin’s cold-blooded stabbing could lead to more generous payments.
This practice is one of the main reasons why the Trump administration has taken specific measures against the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) in recent weeks. On Monday, the administration revoked residency permits for the family of the PLO’s envoy to the United States, and reportedly shut down all PLO bank accounts in the country. The White House announced the closure of the PLO office in Washington last week.
Steven Emerson is considered one of the leading authorities on Islamic extremist networks, financing, and operations. He serves as the Executive Director of The Investigative Project on Terrorism, a non-profit organization that serves one of the world’s largest storehouses of archival data and intelligence on Islamic and Middle Eastern terrorist groups.
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25262
|
__label__wiki
| 0.975981
| 0.975981
|
Lockerbie families divided on Libya move
Families of victims of the Lockerbie bombing have given a mixed reception to news that the US is to restore diplomatic ties with Libya.
Libya has been taken off the list of state sponsors of terrorism
In 2003, Libya accepted responsibility for the 1988 attack on the Pan Am flight 103 that killed 270 people. Tripoli agreed to pay the families of the dead victims millions of dollars each in compensation.
Two Libyan intelligence agents were turned over to an international court in The Hague in 1999. One of the men, Abdel Basset Ali Al Megrahi, was sentenced to 27 years in prison in 2003, which prompted the UN Security Council to vote unanimously to lift sanctions imposed on Libya in 1992.
But some of the American relatives of those killed voiced outrage and complained that they had not been told in advance.
Susan Cohen, whose 20-year-old daughter was killed in the attack, said: "It is a dangerous move and now they have rewarded the terrorists. The only reason they are doing this is oil."
Some considered the move with resignation. Robert Monetti, who lost his son, said: It's not a surprise. It's surprising it took this long... Countries cannot stop doing business just because of things like this."
Others welcomed the decision.
John Zwynenburg, who also lost a son, said: "It's a positive step. It's better to make peace with other nations than going at war with them. Hopefully, we'll continue to help them improve their relations with other nations."
David Welch, the US assistant secretary of state, said he understood relatives' anger but said that Libya had fulfilled its obligations. "Libya is out of the terrorist business."
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25263
|
__label__wiki
| 0.917545
| 0.917545
|
Iraqi police slain in attacks
At least 28 people have died in heavy fighting between police and unidentified fighters in the Iraqi town of Baquba, north of Baghdad.
Iraq's police force is often targeted in sectarian attacks (file)
Police officials said that the men ambushed an Iraqi police convoy, killing 28 policemen, including the commander, and wounding 25 more, although some reports said that the number of dead included the attackers.
The identity of the fighters is not clear, although recent clashes in the town have reportedly involved fighters believed to be members of the Mahdi Army militia who are loyal to Moqtada al-Sadr, the Shia cleric.
Baquba, a mixed Sunni and Shia town, has seen heavy clashes between police forces and militia groups from both sides in recent months.
Earlier on Thursday unknown gunmen attacked a station for an Iraqi special police force in the town, killing six police and wounding 10.
Around 50 more policemen have been reported missing following the attack, police sources told Reuters news agency.
US deaths
Meanwhile, at least four US marines and one US sailor have died in fighting in Iraq's volatile al-Anbar province, while 11 policemen were also killed in attacks north of Baghdad.
military said in a statement that the five military personnel all died from wounds suffered in attacks on Wednesday in the western province.
The latest deaths have pushed October's death toll to 96, the highest for US forces since the same month last year when the same number were killed.
US officials have attributed the higher death toll to a spike in violence during the holy Muslim month of Ramadan, which ended this week, as well as additional patrols launched as part of a security drive in Baghdad.
Attack fears
Also on Thursday, the Iraqi interior ministry has ordered the holiest shrine in Shia Islam in the southern city of Najaf to close on Thursday, the last day of the Eid al-Fitr holiday, following fears of an imminent attack.
Authorities also ordered pilgrims to stay away from mosques and shrines in Najaf - including the revered mausoleum of Imam Ali, the most important site of worship in the Shia world.
Sunni extremists inspired or led by the al-Qaeda network have carried out several attacks on Iraqi Shia shrines, including the mausoleum, as part of a successful attempt to foment sectarian violence.
In August, a suicide bomber blew himself up at the police gate of the Imam Ali shrine, killing 35 people, while two years ago a huge car bomb in the same place killed more than 80, including Mohammed Bakr Hakim, the then head of the powerful Shia party the Supreme Council for the Islamic Revolution in Iraq (SCIRI).
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25264
|
__label__wiki
| 0.974701
| 0.974701
|
Thousands flee fire at refugee camp on Greece's Lesbos
More than 3,000 people forced to flee as blaze rips through one of Greece's main refugee camp on the island of Lesbos.
Thousands of people were forced to flee to safety on Monday after a fire, set on purpose according to police, tore through a refugee camp on the Greek island of Lesbos.
No casualties were reported but tents at the Moria camp were "almost entirely destroyed" and containers that provide additional accommodation and health and registration services were damaged, a police source in Athens told AFP.
Greek news agency ANA said the arson began because of fighting between different nationalities in the camp, while Athens-based newspaper Kathimerini said the fires were lit after rumours circulated that refugee deportations to Turkey were being planned.
Desperate journeys: 3,034 refugees die in seven months
"Between 3,000 and 4,000 migrants fled the camp of Moria," to the surrounding fields, with firefighters being hampered by strong winds that fanned the flames, the police source said.
Police were sent out after the migrants and were in the process of returning them to the camp, the officer added.
The officer said there was "no doubt" that the fire had been set on purpose by those inside.
Some 150 minors housed at the camp were taken to a children's village on the island, the officer said.
Another two fires broke out in the olive groves near Moria but were brought under control before the third blaze erupted at the camp.
Between 3,000 and 4,000 migrants fled Moria refugee camp [Reuters]
There are now more than 60,000 refugees and migrants in Greece, most of them seeking to travel to Germany and other EU countries.
But they are unable to do so after several eastern European and Balkan states shut their borders earlier this year.
The business of people smuggling in Turkey
Human rights groups have repeatedly criticised the condition of Greek camps for migrants and refugees, pointing to overcrowding and unsanitary living conditions.
The situation is particularly acute on Lesbos and other eastern Aegean islands facing Turkey, where most of the refugees and migrants land and are held for registration.
Island residents have staged protests to demand the transportation of the migrants to the mainland.
The procedure is part of an EU-Turkey deal designed to limit the flow of refugees and migrants to Greece's shores.
According to government data, there are more than 13,000 people on five islands in facilities built to house fewer than 8,000.
Most of them are Syrian refugees fleeing civil war, in addition to Iraqis, Afghans, and Pakistanis fleeing violence and persecution at home, who, along with others from the Indian subcontinent and north Africa, are not automatically entitled to asylum in Europe.
READ MORE: The fishermen of Lesbos saving refugee lives
On Lesbos itself there are in excess of 5,600 people, more than 2,000 more than the nominal capacity of the camps.
Risking everything to make it to Europe
Brawls are common, with many desperate to avoid being returned to Turkey or their home countries after spending a small fortune and risking their lives trying to escape poverty and persecution.
The fire comes as UN member states on Monday promised to try to improve the plight of millions of refugees around the world.
Speaking at the first UN refugee summit in New York, Greek Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras warned that failure to confront the refugee crisis would unleash xenophobia.
"If we fail to support this, the political repercussions will be felt not only in Greece but everywhere," he said.
"We will give space to nationalistic, xenophobic forces to show their face for the first time since World War II."
More than 850,000 migrants arrived on the Greek islands last year, many after risking their lives in unseaworthy boats and dinghies.
Inside Story - Desperate journeys
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25265
|
__label__wiki
| 0.799777
| 0.799777
|
Kristen Stewart Reveals The Ambiguity Of Her Sexuality
Kirsten Steward peaked our interest as Bella Swan in the “Twilight” series. She went on to date her fellow co-star Robert Pattinson. Since then Kristen Stewart’s love life has been a subject of interest. Following the couple split and R-Patz moved on, it saw Kirsten remain silent on her love life. She has been pictured many times with visual effects producer Alicia Cargile, which fuelled speculation over Kirsten’s sexuality. Then Stewart’s mother, , confirmed the romantic relationship between the two in the Sunday Mirror. Kristen remains silent, she has not confirmed the status or label her relationships with Cargile. However K-stew during a recent shoot with Nylon:
“Google me,” she said. “I’m not hiding.”
“If you feel like you really want to define yourself, and you have the ability to articulate those parameters and that in itself defines you, then do it,” she illuminated. “But I am an actress, man. I live in the f–king ambiguity of this life and I love it. I don’t feel like it would be true for me to be like, ‘I’m coming out!’ No, I do a job. Until I decide that I’m starting a foundation or that I have some perspective or opinion that other people should be receiving… I don’t. I’m just a kid making movies.”
Stewart like many is refusing to define her sexuality as a binary postion. Like Miley Cyrus, Kiristen idenifeid with sexuality fluidity. Being Gay, Straight or Bi is not a defined state but rather more about falling in love with people rather than gender. Kirsten added: “I think in three or four years, there are going to be a whole lot more people who don’t think it’s necessary to figure out if you’re gay or straight. It’s like, just do your thing.”
Billy Joel’s Latest Wife Gives Birth to Baby Girl
It is National Middle Child Day
Video: Air New Zealand And The All Black Slayin it in Hilarious Video
Anna Faris 'Stung' by Chris Pratt Cheating Rumors
Khloe Kardashian Verbally Assaulted by Ex Lamar
Taylor Swift Shares Birthday Love to Her BFF Cara Delevingne
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25266
|
__label__wiki
| 0.915874
| 0.915874
|
Bill Shorten maintains Labor's stance on boat turnbacks but offers more refugee places, cash to UNHCR
By political reporter Jane Norman
Updated December 17, 2018 18:06:07
Photo: Mr Shorten promised to give the UN's refugee agency an extra $500 million over five years. (AAP: Lukas Coch)
Related Story: Welfare scheme forcing remote jobseekers into poverty 'cannot continue'
Related Story: Pressure mounts on Labor's left to end offshore detention ahead of party conference
Opposition Leader Bill Shorten has managed to head off a potentially damaging debate over asylum seekers, securing support for Labor's existing policies and negotiating some minor changes.
Labor sticks to hardline border protection policy at national conference
Bill Shorten offers more funding to international refugee agency and more humanitarian places
Labor also pledges to scrap Indigenous work-for-the-dole scheme if it wins the election
On the second day of the ALP conference in Adelaide, Mr Shorten got in early and made it clear he would stare down any push to end offshore processing or boat turnbacks.
"We cannot, we must not, and we will not permit the reopening of their trade in human desperation and the drownings and the irreplaceable loss of life that it brings," he told delegates.
In keeping with that theme, Mr Shorten promised to give the UN's refugee agency an extra $500 million over five years, and accept more refugees by increasing the Community Sponsored Refugee Scheme from 1,000 places to 5,000.
His message was that strong borders did not have to come at the expense of humanity.
"If we are elected, Labor will offer policies that are strong, compassionate and sustainable," he said.
"It means pursuing regional resettlement, turning back boats where it is safe to do so and maintaining offshore processing.
"But keeping our borders secure and keeping the people smugglers out of business … has never meant leaving men, women and children to languish for years and years in indefinite detention in substandard facilities and unacceptable conditions."
Australia would accept New Zealand's offer to resettle some of the refugees on Manus Island and Nauru if Labor is elected, he said, and the number of Australian Federal Police officers deployed overseas to disrupt people smuggling activities would be tripled.
On the floor of the conference, delegates approved further changes, committing Labor to restoring social services for asylum seekers waiting for their claims to be assessed, and improving the medical transfer process for sick refugees in offshore processing.
Labor MP Ged Kearney choked up as she hailed the "progressive Labor policy", one that the party had "moved mountains" to achieve.
"Whilst I know that this motion is not perfect and many may argue that, it does get us closer and it is an important statement because we need this on the record from this conference," she told delegates.
"We cannot continue to sit by while this Government tortures people on Manus and Nauru — and it must be condemned."
In the end, it was a highly stage-managed affair. The amendments had been settled before the debate began and only one was rejected.
With an election due in just five months, Labor leaders are working hard to present a united team and resolve any policy fights behind closed doors.
Replacing Indigenous work-for-the-dole
Labor's national conference has also committed to abolishing the Abbott government's controversial Indigenous work-for-the dole scheme and replacing it with a fairer program.
The Community Development Programme (CDP) forces unemployed people in remote areas to work up to three times longer than city-based jobseekers to receive welfare.
Introduced by the Abbott government in 2015, the CDP has been criticised as a "racist" and "deeply flawed" scheme, with figures showing hundreds of thousands of fines have been handed out in its first three years.
Labor's assistant Indigenous affairs spokesman, Pat Dodson, opened the second day of the conference by attacking the scheme as "discriminatory, punitive and ineffectual" and promising to replace it.
"A Shorten Labor government will abolish the current CDP and replace it with a new program," he said to applause in the audience.
"A program that creates jobs, meets community needs and delivers meaningful training and community development and proper working conditions."
Photo: Labor senator Patrick Dodson said the CPD would be replaced with a program that meets community needs. (AAP: Lukas Coch)
ACTU president Michele O'Neil hailed the commitment as a win for the tens of thousands of participants who had been "racially discriminated against for the last three years".
"This program discriminated against people on the basis of the colour of their skin and the place they chose to live," Ms O'Neil said.
"This scheme is an appalling example of state-sanctioned racial discrimination and worker exploitation and Australia will be a better place without it."
Currently, CDP participants can be fined about $50 a day — or have their payments suspended for up to eight weeks — for missing activities, turning up late to work or repeatedly failing to meet appointments.
Since it began operating in 2015, more than 400,000 financial penalties have been issued to people enrolled in the CDP, about 75,000 more than other, city-based jobseekers.
Those participating in the scheme must complete jobs and activities to receive their Newstart Allowance in remote New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia and the Northern Territory.
Winun Ngari Aboriginal Corporation delivers the CDP across 19 Aboriginal communities in the remote north of Western Australia.
Chief executive officer Susan Murphy said any commitment without detail will leave providers and clients in limbo.
"Don't stand up there and say you're going to abolish it, unless you have some detail," she said.
"If the Labor Party can't give us the detail, then they shouldn't make statements like this.
"We will have 1,100 clients in limbo if they are in government."
Topics: government-and-politics, federal-government, community-and-society, indigenous-aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander, welfare, work, australia
First posted December 17, 2018 13:06:19
Contact Jane Norman
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25268
|
__label__cc
| 0.603283
| 0.396717
|
Alison Jiear
Alison Jiear: A Centenary Celebration of Ella Fitzgerald
The Laurence Olivier Award-nominated vocalist pays tribute to the First Lady of Song
Following sell-out shows in London, Laurence Olivier Award nominated vocalist Alison Jiear returns to her home country. Accompanied by her phenomenal jazz quartet, she’ll perform music made famous by the First Lady of Song. The show is packed full of iconic standards such as A Tisket A Tasket, Ev’ry Time We Say Goodbye, Lady be Good, Hernando’s Hideaway and That ‘Ol Black Magic. One of the greatest voices in cabaret you’ll ever hear, Alison is a class act, and will move you to tears.
Additionally, on one exclusive night, Alison Jiear joins musical director Michael Tyack to present their insights into creating and crafting a cabaret show. Working with 2 emerging Australian cabaret artists on their act and interpretation of material and patter, this is a behind-the-scenes look at how cabaret is created. Alison’s warm and wonderful sense of humour will shine as she nurtures and inspires the next generation.
Also hosting a masterclass on Thursday 11 July, 4pm to 6pm.
Corner of City Road and Cleveland Street, Chippendale
Friday 12 July 2019 from 9pm to 10.30pm
Saturday 13 July 2019 from 8.30pm to 10pm
Premium: $59.77
A reserve: $49.64
B reserve: $45.59
People who are blind or have low vision
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25273
|
__label__wiki
| 0.804526
| 0.804526
|
WikiIslam β
Contemporary Pedophilic Islamic Marriages
Revision as of 12:24, 12 September 2015 by Axius (talk | contribs) (Reverted edits by 58.97.196.43 (talk) to last revision by Sahab)
A checked version of this page, approved on 12 September 2015, was based on this revision.
The Islamic faith condones pedophilia. Therefore, contemporary pedophilic Islamic marriages are common practice around the globe.
In many Islamic countries, child marriages are common practice. Girls far below the age of puberty are often forcibly married to older persons (sometimes in their 50s and later) for various personal gains by the girls' guardian or with the intention to preserve family honor by helping her avoid pre-marital sex. Pedophilic Islamic marriages are most prevalent in Pakistan and Afghanistan, followed by other countries in the Middle East and Bangladesh.[1][2] This practice may also be prevalent to a lesser extent amongst other Muslim communities, and is on the rise among the growing Muslim populations in many non-Muslim countries, such as the United Kingdom[3] and the United States.[4]
In Afghanistan, despite the law against child brides, more than half of all girls are married before they turn 15, usually to settle disputes.
A Unicef study from 2000 to 2008 found that more than 43 per cent of women in Afghanistan were married under age, some before puberty.
In 2009 Human Rights Watch and Unifem, a UN agency, classified 57 per cent of all brides as under age, which is below 16. Despite the changes in the state law, not much seems to have changed since then[5]
93% of Azerbaijan's population identify as Muslim.[6]
Officials in Azerbaijan are so concerned by the number of women getting married under-age that parliament is discussing raising the minimum age for marriage to 18.
Women’s rights activists say corrupt religious officials are prepared to conduct Islamic ceremonies for couples when the woman is too young for a state service, leaving her unprotected if her husband leaves her, uneducated and vulnerable to medical complications.
In Khachmaz, a city near Azerbaijan’s border with Russia, of 2,500 pupils in their final year of school, almost 130 girls were not attending since they had already married. The headmaster, she said, took no action, although education is compulsory.
But her organisation’s research shows that the problem of young marriages is most pronounced in the southern regions bordering Iran.[7]
According to statistics from 2005, 45% of women then between 25 and 29 were married by the age of 15 in Bangladesh. According to the “State of the World’s Children-2009” report, 63% of all women aged 20–24 were married before the age of 18.[8][9]
According to an article in the Toronto Sun, Muslim child brides in Canada are on the rise:
Federal immigration officials say there’s little they can do to stop “child brides” from being sponsored into Canada by much older husbands who wed them in arranged marriages abroad.
Top immigration officials in Canada and Pakistan say all they can do is reject the sponsorships of husbands trying to bring their child-brides to Canada. The men have to reapply when the bride turns 16. The marriages are permitted under Sharia Law.
Muslim men, who are Canadian citizens or permanent residents return to their homeland to wed a “child bride” in an arranged marriage in which a dowry is given to the girl’s parents. Officials said some of the brides can be 14 years old or younger and are “forced” to marry. The practice occurs in a host of countries including: Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan and Lebanon.
Not valid in Canada
Canadian visa officer Steve Bulmer said in classified documents he refused to allow one Pakistani man to sponsor his 15-year-old bride in August 2009.
“I can find no section (of law) that states the marriage is ‘invalid’ or ‘void,” Bulmer wrote in e-mails obtained by lawyer Richard Kurland under Access of Information. “I am afraid the age does not invalidate the marriage even if it is illegal to marry.”
Abdul Hameed, of the Canadian embassy in Islamabad, said child marriages are not valid in Canada.
“A child marriage is punishable but it does not render the marriage invalid,” Hameed said. “We are refusing such application on grounds the marriage will not be valid as per Canadian laws.”
William Hawke, of immigration’s Permanent Resident Unit, said the young brides won’t be allowed in Canada.
“Sponsorship applications submitted for a spouse under 16 will be refused,” he said.[10]
More than 3,000 women and girls in Germany, most from Muslim families and many of them minors, faced forced marriage in the course of a year, official research released this week indicates.
The first federal study of its kind found 3,443 recorded cases in 2008 - the most recent year with sufficient data - in which people living in Germany were forced to wed or threatened with a forced marriage.
Most were between the ages of 18 and 21, although nearly a third of them were under the age of 17.
More than half were beaten or otherwise physically abused to convince them to marry, while more than one in four were threatened with weapons or told they would be killed if they did not go through with the marriage.[11]
Data in the 2010 progress report to the United Nations on HIV in Malaysia prepared by the Ministry of Health reveals shocking statistics on the number of Muslim girls under the age of 14 who have undergone pre-marital HIV screening in order to get married.
The data shows that 32 girls under the age of 10 and 445 girls between the ages of 10 and 14 went through this testing in 2009 alone in preparation for marriage!
What is also significant is that this phenomenon is taking place in the more developed states in Malaysia, with the highest numbers recorded in Penang (195), Malacca (103) and Johor (87).[12]
There was an increase in marriages involving underage Muslims in the Federal Territory last year.
This goes against the assumption that child marriages are now on the decline due to changing cultural trends.
Last year [2009], 49 Muslim girls under 16 years of age and 39 boys under 18 tied the knot.
According to the statistics provided by the Federal Territory Religious Department, this number was higher compared with the previous year.
In 2008, 40 girls and 28 boys below the permitted age registered their marriages.
It was also reported last week that, according to the 2000 Census, there were 11,400 children below 15 years of age who were married -- 6,800 girls and 4,600 boys.[13]
The legal minimum age for marriage in Morocco is 18 years, although family judges are empowered to allow exceptions. This loophole has enabled thousands of families to marry off their daughters prematurely.
According to figures from the justice ministry, over 31,000 under-age girls were married in 2008, compared with 29,847 in 2007.[14]
Northern Nigeria has one of the highest rates of child marriage in the world: nearly half of all girls here are married by the age of 15.
The consequences have been devastating. Nigeria has the highest maternal mortality rate in Africa and one of the world’s highest rates of fistula, a condition that can occur when the pressure of childbirth tears a hole between the vagina and the bladder or rectum. Many women are left incontinent for life. Up to 800,000 women suffer from fistula in Nigeria.
Dr Waaldijk operates on up to 600 women a year, with no electricity or running water... Some have been divorced by their husbands - it is estimated that up to half of adolescent girls in northern Nigeria are divorced... The Nigerian federal Government has attempted to outlaw child marriage. In 2003 it passed the Child Rights Act, prohibiting marriage under the age of 18. In the Muslim northern states, though, there has been fierce resistance to the Act, with many people portraying it as antiIslamic.
Half of Nigeria’s 36 states have passed the Act, but it has been adopted by only one of the dozen Muslim states - and even that one made a crucial amendment substituting the age of 18 for the term “puberty”.
Each state in Nigeria has the constitutional right to amend legislation to comply with its local traditions and religion, meaning that central government is powerless to impose a minimum age of marriage.[15]
Palestinian Authority area
According the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, 682 girls aged 14 and younger were legally married in 2000. Two of them were married to men who were 35 or older, 13 to men 30 to 34, 117 to men 25 to 29, 378 to men 20 to 24 and 172 to men 15 to 19. Child marriages of girls 14 and younger made up 2.9 per cent of the total number of registered marriages. In the same year, 13,163 Palestinian girls between 15 and 19 were legally married, surpassing 55 per cent of all registered marriages.
Local human rights organizations are deeply concerned about child marriage in Palestinian society. Participants of a conference in Gaza dedicated to this issue in January 2008, organized by the Palestinian Medical Relief Society (PMRS), warned of the “significant rise in child marriage rate” and its severe psychological and physical implications on the youth.[16][17]
Though there has been no exact figure of child marriages, some studies published in the media suggested that no less than 3,000 girls in the Kingdom were under 13 when they got married, while their husbands were at least 25 years their senior.[18]
[As of November 2008] Thirty-nine percent of married women in the southern province of Şanlıurfa were 16 or younger on their wedding day, according to the Istanbul-based Social Democracy Foundation, which is campaigning against the practice.
They typically marry in religious ceremonies and delay civil marriage until they’re of age, according to the foundation. "As long as you have people in Turkey who say this is okay and who use Islam to justify it, it remains a big problem," says Amanda Akçakoca, an analyst at the European Policy Center in Brussels.[19]
The number of forced marriages has increased more than ten-fold in just four years, government figures have revealed.
More than 770 suspected cases were reported to the Forced Marriage Unit this year, up from 152 in 2005.
If the trend continues, by the end of this year more than 1,540 Britons will have been coerced into a marriage they do not want to enter - an increase of more than 913 per cent.
The practice affects mainly young Asian women, with more than a third of cases involving those aged under 18. One in six victims are under 16.
Advisors said they are dealing with hundreds of schoolchildren who have confided to teachers that they fear they will be taken abroad in the summer holidays and forced to marry.[20]
Yemeni parliament had actually approved a law last year that set a minimum marriageable age of 17 for boys and 18 for girls. (Significantly, the family of Elham Mahdi al Assi lied that she was 18 years old). According to the UN statistics, more than half of Yemeni girls got married before reaching puberty. That means more than half of all marriages in Yemen are child marriages. In line with the UN statistics, the Gender Development Research and Studies Centre at Sana’a University carried out a study on early marriage in 2008 and found that 52.1 per cent of girls are under 18 when they wed, compared with 6.7 per cent of boys.
But following the approving of the law by Parliament, thousands of conservative Yemeni women actually demonstrated outside parliament last month to protest the implementation of a minimum marriageable age [They were holding up copies of the Qur'an while stating that the proposed law is un-Islamic].[21] Because of the opposition to the proposed law, it did not come into force. Had that law been approved, parents of children involved in child (underaged) marriage could be fined $500 or jailed for a year.[22]
Yemen is full of child brides. Roughly half of Yemeni girls are married before 18, some as young as eight.[23]
Justification by Muslims
Permitted in the Qur'an
Main Article: Pedophilia in the Qur'an
Muslims justify pedophilic marriages with tender aged girls using verses from the Qur'an, that clearly advocates this abominable practice. The Qur'an cannot be questioned by Muslims since it's not simply considered to be 'inspired' but the very words of Allah, uttered by his final messenger Muhammad. In Islam, moral relativism cannot be applied, as the Qur'an is Allah's eternal message to mankind and is as relevant today as it were when the revelations first escaped Muhammad lips.
And (as for) those of your women who have despaired of menstruation, if you have a doubt, their prescribed time shall be three months, and of those too who have not had their courses; and (as for) the pregnant women, their prescribed time is that they lay down their burden; and whoever is careful of (his duty to) Allah He will make easy for him his affair.
Quran 65:4
The term "courses" mentioned above (indicated in bold italic text) is most accurately translated as "menstruation", which is the exact meaning of the Arabic word used in that context (i.e. 'Yaĥiđna يَحِضْنَ).
Permitted by Muslim Scholars and Leaders
Main Article: Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Pedophilia
It is incorrect to say that it's not permitted to marry off girls who are 15 and younger. A girl aged 10 or 12 can be married. Those who think she's too young are wrong and they are being unfair to her.
We hear a lot in the media about the marriage of underage girls. We should know that Shariah law has not brought injustice to women.[24]
Grand Mufti of Saudi Arabia, Sheikh Abdul Aziz Al-Sheikh
Our mothers and before them our grandmothers married when they were barely 12. Good upbringing makes a girl ready to perform all marital duties at that age.[25]
A nine-year-old girl has the same sexual capacities like a woman of twenty and over.[26]
Skeikh Mohamed Ibn Abderrahmane Al-Maghraoui
Getting married at an early age is something that is confirmed by the book of Allah, the Sunnah of his Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi wa Sallam), the consensus of the scholars and the actions of the companions, and the Muslims who came after them...
There are many Ahadith which confirm that marriage at an early age was widespread among the companions and no one denied its permissibility. Getting married at an early age was not peculiar to the Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi wa Sallam) as some people think, but it was general for him and for his Ummah.
The following are some of the actions of the Sahaba (companions):
1. Ali Ibn Abi Talib, may Allah be pleased with him, married his daughter, Um Kulthum to Omar Ibn Al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, and she mothered a child before the death of the Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi wa Sallam). Omar got married to her while she was young before reaching the age of puberty. This is reported by Ibn Saad in 'Al-Tabaqat'.
2. From Urwa Ibn Zubair: that Zubair, may Allah be pleased with him, married his daughter when she was very young. Reported by Saeed Ibn Mansour, in his Sunnah, and Ibn Abi Shaibah, in Al-musannaf, with a Sahih chain of narration.
Al-Shafie said in the book of Al-Um: "Many companions of the Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi wa Sallam) married their daughters while these were still young."
Delaying the marriage of girls in many Muslim countries is something new and contradictory to what Muslims used to do over many centuries. This is because of westernization and the application of man-made laws. This caused a change in understandings and customs within a considerable number of the population, and it is absolutely not permissible to consider the customs and traditions in a given country as the standard by which people abide, and fail to obey the absolute evidences of Shariah.
In some Muslim countries, the marriage for girls has been delayed by many years beyond the age of puberty. This has indeed led to an increase in the removal of the veil from the face, and increased fornication and adultery, as well as the emergence of deviation in conduct and religion among the youth. They had become morally unstable as they lack affection, chastity, and protection their private parts from illegal sexual relations.
By delaying marriage, there is also a reduction in the number of Muslims in the Ummah, and this is contrary to the order of the Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi wa Sallam), as he ordered us to have many children so that the Muslim nation will be greater in number than the previous nations.
Child marriage in Islam
Islamweb, Fatwa No. 88089, June 24, 2004
A man can marry a girl younger than nine years of age, even if the girl is still a baby being breastfed. A man, however is prohibited from having intercourse with a girl younger than nine, other sexual acts such as foreplay, rubbing, kissing and sodomy is allowed. A man having intercourse with a girl younger than nine years of age has not committed a crime, but only an infraction, if the girl is not permanently damaged. If the girl, however, is permanently damaged, the man must provide for her all her life. But this girl will not count as one of the man's four permanent wives. He also is not permitted to marry the girl's sister.[27]
The late Ayatollah Khomeini of Iran, Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution
The Saudi religious establishment is generally supportive of child bride marriages. Some clerics who addressed this issue cited the example of the Prophet's marriage to 'Aisha. For example, Jeddah marriage and divorce official Ahmad Al-Ma'abi said on a June 2008 program on Lebanon's LBC TV that a girl may marry and have sexual intercourse from the age of nine, arguing that the Prophet Muhammad had married 'Aisha when she was six and had consummated the marriage when she was nine. Al-Ma'abi added that, in Yemen, girls often married at the age of nine or 10. He concluded that as long as the father of the bride consents to the marriage and is present at the ceremony, as required by religious law, "the marriage is obviously legal."[28][29]
You can have a marriage contract even with a 1-year-old girl, not to mention a girl of 9, 7 or 8. But is the girl ready for sex or not? What is the appropriate age for sex for the first time? This varies according to environment and tradition.[30]
Dr. Ahmad al-Mu’bi, Saudi marriage officiant
The marriage of nine-year-old girls is not forbidden because according to the Hadith (the Prophet Mohammed's sayings), Mohammed married Aisha when she was only seven-years-old and he consummated his union when she was nine.[31]
Sheikh Mohamed Ben Abderrahman Al-Maghraoui
According to the Shari'ah, if a girl is a minor (did not attain puberty), she may be given in marriage by her father. When she attains puberty, she has the right to maintain the marriage or discontinue the marriage. There is no age limit to be intimate with one's wife even if she is a minor.
I would like to marry a woman who is 12 years old, her father and she has also agreed. What is your advise?
Islamic Q & A Online with Mufti Ebrahim Desai, Ask-Imam, Question No. 6737
Child marriage in Islam is permissible. In the Koran there is no specific age of marriage...[If the government imposed new laws against child marriage] There will be violent conflict from the Muslims, saying that 'no, we will not accept this, we'd rather die than accept something which is not a law from Allah.'[15]
Ahmed Sani Yerima, former governor and current senator of Zamfara State, Nigeria
Nigeria has many uncountable problems and none of them is early marriage. As a matter of fact early marriage (is) the solution to about half of our problems. For those who wonder if I can give my daughter(s) out in marriage at the age of 9 or 13, I tell you most honestly, I can give her out at the age of 6 if I want to and it’s not your business. This is because I am a Muslim and I follow the example of the best of mankind, Muhammad ﺻَﻠَّﻰ ﺍﻟﻠَّﻪُ ﻋَﻠَﻴْﻪِ ﻭَﺳَﻠَّﻢَ...
Ahmed Sani Yerima, former governor and current senator of Zamfara State, Nigeria[32]
...it is permitted to contract marriage with a young girl and to hand her over to her husband to stay with him before she reaches adolescence.
Ruling on marrying young women
Sheikh Muhammed Salih Al-Munajjid, Islam Q&A, Fatwa No. 1493
m3.13 Guardians are of two types, those who may compel their female charges to marry someone, and those who may not.
The only guardians who may compel their charge to marry are a virgin bride's father or father's father, compel meaning to marry her to a suitable match (def: m4) without her consent.
Those who may not compel her are not entitled to marry her to someone unless she accepts and gives her permission.
Whenever the bride is a virgin, the father or father's father may marry her to someone without her permission, though it is recommended to ask her permission if she has reached puberty. A virgin's silence is considered as permission.[33]
Reliance of the Traveller: The Classic Manual of Islamic Sacred Law
Everything that is not forbidden is permitted. [The new law in Yemen that set the minimum marriage age at 17] is a Western plot aimed at Westernizing our culture. The West wants to teach us how to marry, conceive and divorce. This is cultural colonization that we reject.[34]
Sheik Mohammed al-Hazmi, a legislator in Yemen, 2009
...If she is married without her permission, by threat or coercion, then the marriage is not valid. The only exeption is in the case of the father and his daughter who is less than nine years of age. There is no harm if he gets her married while she is less than nine years old, according to the correct opinion. This is based on the messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) marrying Aisha without her consent when she was less than nine years old, as is stated in authentic Hadith...[35]
Shaikh ibn Baz's answer on the Q & A site of the Muslim Students Organization of the University of Houston
Scholars have discussed at length the marriage of a young girl who has not attained puberty and whether her father may marry her away without her permission. If such a marriage takes place it is valid. However, it is perhaps best if the marriage is not allowed to be consummated until the girl attains puberty, when she is given the choice whether to continue with this marriage or not.[36]
Adil Salahi
Because this happened to the Prophet, we cannot tell people that it is prohibited to marry at an early age.[37]
Sheikh Hamoud Hashim al-Tharihi, general secretary of the Vice and Virtue Committee and member of the Islah Party in Yemen
Banning child marriage will cause challenging the marriage of the holy prophet of Islam, who also married minor Ayesha, when she was just eight years old. The new law [seeking to ban child marriages] initiated by the current government [of Bangladesh] will put the moral character of the prophet into controversy and challenge. Islam permits child marriage and it will not be tolerated if any ruler will ever try to touch this issue in the name of giving more rights to women.[38]
Mufti Fazlul Haque Amini
Committed by Muhammad
Main Article: Muhammad and the Clinical Definition of Pedophilia
Another justification is that Muhammad, who is considered the Uswa Hasana (perfect example) by all Muslims, at the age of 54, also indulged in a pedophilic marriage with Aisha, a 9 year old girl.
A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported that Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) married her when she was seven years old, and he was taken to his house as a bride when she was nine, and her dolls were with her; and when he (the Holy Prophet) died she was eighteen years old.
Sahih Muslim 8:3311
Committed by Muhammad's Companions
Main Article: Muhammad's Companions and Pedophilia
Umar ibn al-Khattab, the 2rd Caliph of Islam, at the age of 55 married Umm Kulthum bint Ali when she was between 10 and 12 years old. Some sources even say that she was five years old when Umar married her.
"'Umar asked 'Ali for the hand of his daughter, Umm Kulthum in marriage. 'Ali replied that she has not yet attained the age (of maturity). 'Umar replied, 'By Allah, this is not true. You do not want her to marry me. If she is underage, send her to me'. Thus 'Ali gave his daughter Umm Kulthum a dress and asked her to go to 'Umar and tell him that her father wants to know what this dress is for. When she came to Umar and gave him the message, he grabbed her hand and forcibly pulled her towards him. 'Umm Kulthum asked him to leave her hand, which Umar did and said, 'You are a very mannered lady with great morals. Go and tell your father that you are very pretty and you are not what he said of you'. With that 'Ali married Umm Kulthum to 'Umar."
In Tarikh Khamees, Volume 2, p. 384 ('Dhikr Umm Kalthum') and Zakhair Al-Aqba, p. 168
Example Cases Around the World
In September 2010, a 14-year-old girl from Melbourne was saved from an arranged marriage to an adult stranger by a court's ban on her travelling overseas until she turns 18. Her Muslim family (originally from Macedonia) was also forced to surrender the child's passport and cannot apply for a new one.[39]
September 4 2009, in Barisal, Bangladesh, 75-year old moneylender Lokman Sikder was given 13-year old Akhinur in marriage, by her father, as payment for his unpaid loan of Tk 4,000. Lokman Sikder was previously known to the child as 'Lokman Nana' (grandfather).[40]
In 2011, Mufti Fazlul Haque Amini threatened to wage jihad in the country if the government passed any law banning child marriage. He said, two hundred thousand Jihadists of his group are ready to 'sacrifice' lives if any such law, which goes against "Qur'an and Sunnah" be passed by the government.[38]
In Indonesia, a 43-year-old Muslim cleric married a 12-year-old girl in front of thousands of people in the Central Java Province in August of 2008. Not long after the marriage ceremony, police returned the girl to her parents' care. The cleric also announced his intention to marry two other girls aged 7 and 9. In March 2009, he and the girl's father were arrested. The cleric argued that he had committed no crime because he intended to wait until she reached puberty before consummating their relationship.[41]
In Iran a 13 year old girl is old enough to legally marry and considered as an adult at age 8 years and 9 months, old enough to be sentenced to stoning, flogging and hanging for adultery and fornication. Iranian gender biased law favors men where pedophiles are likely to prevail over the girls and women they victimized facing the risk of being convicted should they go to courts.[42]
The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, Los Angelos, California, August 2009
In August, 2010, the Malaysian State of southern Malacca legalized child marriages specifically between Muslim men and Muslim girls below the age of 16. In a country where Muslims now amount to 60% of the total population, they enforce "Sharia law which operates in parallel with the civil legal system." Ivy Josiah, the executive director of the Women's Aid Organisation, says "It is really a regressive move. It is turning back the clock." [43] News like this leaves one wondering what will happen to child abuse laws in Western countries once Muslims form a sizable portion of the population. In February 2010, two girls aged 10 and 11 were wed to middle-aged men in the state of Kelantan. The 11-year-old was found outside a mosque and was taken to hospital for treatment. Sharia court officials have said that her marriage was not officially approved.[44] In December 2010, 23-year-old teacher Abdul Manan Othman married 14-year-old Siti Maryam Mahmod in a mass wedding at a major mosque, after being given permission in an Islamic Sharia court. The Minister in the Prime Minister's Department in charge of legal affairs has shot down calls to ban underage marriage, stating "If the religion allows it, then we can't legislate against it."[45]
In some cases, daughters are sold to other tribesmen by their own fathers as an alternative way of settling debt, which is usually accumulated as a result of gambling. The benefactor as a result marries his young bounty so that she may not have any excuse for returning to her native home (in the same concept as how ordinary people spend money that they acquire) [46].
There have also been cases, especially in Pakistan where daughters (sometimes as young as 3)[47] have been sold to others for personal gain, usually to raise money for gambling, drinking, smoking and consuming drugs. Prices for child brides usually range from PKRs 80,000 to PKRs 200,000 (~US$ 1,340 to ~US$ 3,350). In March 2004 in Sindh province, Pakistan, a man was charged for selling his 7 year old daughter to a 35 year old man for marriage. In another rather peculiar case, a 13-year old girl, bought for PKRs 53,000 (~US$ 888) was later rejected by her buyer on the ground that the girl was not "healthy" enough, and he demanded a "healthier" girl from the seller[48].
Another form of pedophilic marriage is linked to a tribal custom called Vani, which is a common practice in the Punjab province of Pakistan and the tribal areas bordering Afghanistan. This custom is tied to blood feuds among the differing tribes and clans where the young girls are forcibly married-off in order to resolve the feuds. The Vani could be avoided if the clan of the girl agrees to pay money in lieu, called Deet. Otherwise the young bride will have to pay for the crime of her male relatives by spending the rest of her life with a rival tribesman.[49] In early January of 2010, ten people including a Muslim cleric and the father of the girls, were arrested for participating in "a jirga that declared two girls vani" in Pakistan. The girls (ages 9 and 3) were being used to resolve a marriage dispute.[50]
Another rather similar concept is called Badal, or revenge. This custom is strong in Pashtun society native to northern Pakistan and Afghanistan, and leads to a need for disputes to be settled quickly to avoid further bloodshed. Girls are treated as second-class citizens when they are sent to be a bride in a new family to mend ties.[48]
Finally, we have forced conversions of minors via marriage. This is when children from minority communities, such as the Hindus' and Christians, are kidnapped, forcibly converted to Islam, and married off to one of the kidnappers. These types of marriages have seen a sharp rise in recent years, due to the general indifference among the police forces towards the plight of the non-Muslim, and laws which prevent the return of 'Muslim' children to their non-Muslim parents. As was the case for the Christian mother Sajida Masih,[51] who's 12 year-old daughter Huma was abducted at gunpoint by Muhammad Imran on the 23rd of February, 2009. When the terrified mother reported the crime to Sadar police station in Gujranwala, the police ridiculed her, and told her there was nothing they could do as she is now a Muslim.
In September 2011, a 12-year-old girl was given in marriage to an 85-year-old man in Chiniot. Rani was sold to her fathers rival for five acres of land, thus a blood debt. Langrana Station House Officer (SHO) Zafar Bhatti said that he had conducted a raid at the marriage ceremony but found that no laws were broken. “I cannot arrest anyone here because the girl is an adult as per Islamic Law and Shariah. She is 12-years-old and that is not too young for marriage.”[52]
In October 2011, Kot Shakir police arrested three men for marrying a 1-year-old infant to a 24-year-old man.[53]
As recent as May 2009, A Saudi sheikh performed a wedding ceremony between a 10-year-old girl and a 26-year-old man. The reason for this? The girl's father said that he married off his daughter, as he feared she would remain a spinster.[54]In 2008 in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, another marriage between an 8 year old girl and a 58-year old-man was validated by a local court (other sources place his age at 47), and a plea by the girl's mother to nullify the marriage was rejected. The girl was apparently sold into the marriage by her father for SR 30,000 (~US$ 7,994) to ease the financial difficulty he was facing.[55] A second attempt to have the marriage annulled was struck down by the same judge who denied the girl's mother as a witness in court because she was separated from her husband and therefore not the girl's legal guardian (under Shari'a). The judge ruled that the girl could seek a divorce when she reached puberty, and he required that the husband sign an agreement not to consummate the marriage until the girl reached puberty.[56] In August 2009, a Saudi father returned his 10-year-old daughter to her elderly husband who was reportedly 80 years old. The girl had been hiding with her aunt for over a week until she was discovered by her father. Originally the girl's older sister was betrothed to the man, but when the elder girl chose instead to further her education, their father gave the 10-year-old to him as a replacement bride. The husband insisted that "My marriage is not against Shariah. It included the elements of acceptance and response by the father of the bride."[57] In February 2010, a 12-year-old girl, fighting to divorce an 80-year-old man who paid her father $22,000 for permission to marry her, suddenly dropped her divorce request. She failed to appear in court on the day the judge was supposed to issue his decision. No news was further reported as to why she dropped the case.[58]
According to 2009 government figures in the UK, forced marriages have seen a ten-fold rise in just four years. One-third of these cases involve victims aged under 18, and one-sixth under the age of 16.[3] While it is reported to be a problem mainly concentrated within the "Asian" communities, this is usually a politically-correct term given to any sensitive issues concerning the Muslim population. This has been previously witnessed with the media handling of the 2001 "race riots" in Oldham, Bradford and Burnley. The government, and the then home secretary David Blunkett, were secretly warned by the head of the Commission for Racial Equality, Gurbux Singh, that more violence was to be expected from "Young Muslims who feel disenfranchised" living among the many "Muslim" hotspots in the UK.[59]
On the 4th of August 2009, 23 year-old Vincent Mosby paid a dowry (consisting of a watch and a ring purchased from Wal-Mart) and married a 14-year-old child in a religious ceremony held in her parents home, and attended by two other members of the Kansas City mosque the child bride's step-father belongs to. The parents say they pressured their daughter into the marriage, due to fears of her becoming sexually active with a boy her own age. Mosby was charged with statutory rape in November 2009.[60]
In September 2009, a 12-year-old Yemeni girl who was forced into marriage died during a painful childbirth which also killed her baby.[61] In 2008, 10-year-old Nujood Ali went to a courthouse by herself, after attempts to get help from relatives failed, and demanded a divorce, generating a landmark legal case. The judge granted the girl a permanent divorce from her 30-year-old husband who had raped and beaten Nujood on their wedding night. Her lawyer said that they were "lucky with this judge. Another judge might not have accepted her in court, and would have asked her father or brother to come instead." Had that happened, Nujood would probably still be married. However, based on the principles of Shariah law, her husband was compensated, not prosecuted. Nujood was ordered to pay him more than $200 -- a huge amount in a country where the United Nations Development Programme says 15.7 percent of the population lives on less than $1 a day. She also feels like an outcast among her relatives and friends.[62] Just weeks after Nujood's case, 9-year-old Arwa Abdu Muhammad Ali ran away from her 35-year-old husband to a local hospital and reported that she had been beaten and sexually abused for eight months. The judge who heard her case briefly jailed the local judge who had approved the marriage contract. Arwa's husband refused to show up to court.[63] Also in 2008, Reem, a Yemeni girl married at 12, sought a divorce from her 30-year-old husband after he choked her, bit her, dragged her by the hair, and raped her when she resisted his demands for sex. He imprisoned her in his house for 11 days during which time she tried to kill herself with a kitchen knife before being rescued by her mother.[64] Her father had forced her into the marriage with her cousin, resorting to a gag and tying her up twice. He also threatened to kill the girl for defying him.[65]
In countries like Yemen, Bangladesh, Iran, and Northern Nigeria, attempts at reforming laws and banning child marriages have been opposed and stopped on the grounds that such a ban would be un-Islamic,[15][32][38][22][21] and in the case of Malaysia, the growing Muslim population has effectively turned back the clock on social progress by passing new laws which allow for the practice of pedophilic marriages specifically between followers of Islam.[43] So one has to agree that whatever reasons and justification people may give for the prevalence of child marriages in Muslim-majority nations, without Islam this practice would have long been discarded as immoral and unacceptable in the modern world.
This page is featured in the core article, Islam and Pedophilia which serves as a starting point for anyone wishing to learn more about this topic
Pedophilia in the Qur'an
Marriage - A hub page that leads to other articles related to Marriage
Photo op: Child brides in Afghanistan - Images of pedophilic Islamic marriages
Child Brides - Child Marriage: What We Know - PBS, October 12, 2007
Before She's Ready: 15 Places Girls Marry by 15 - World Vision, 2008
Muhammad, Aisha, Islam, and Child Brides - Silas, Answering-Islam
Child Marriage Fact Sheet - International Center for Research on Women
↑ America Magazine: Child Marriage in Afghanistan and Pakistan, by Andrew Bushell; March 11, 2002
↑ Americans For UNFPA: Virtual Slavery: The Practice of “Compensation Marriages” by Net Community of AfUNFPA; last retrieved Monday, 08 December 2008
↑ 3.0 3.1 Ten-fold rise in forced marriages in just four years - The Daily Mail, July 2, 2009
↑ Christine Vendel - Man charged with statutory rape in ‘marriage’ to 14-year-old girl - The Kansas City Star, November 8, 2009
↑ Robert Fox - Girl, eight, sold to Afghan police officer as his bride - London Evening Standard, October 6, 2011
↑ Middle East :: Azerbaijan - The World Factbook, August 19, 2010
↑ Diana Isayeva - Early Marriages Worry Azerbaijan Officials - Institute for War & Peace Reporting, November 6, 2009
↑ Child Marriage Factsheet: State of World Population 2005 - UNFPA
↑ Child Protection - UNICEF
↑ Tom Godfrey - Muslim child brides on rise - Toronto Sun, March 11, 2010
↑ Young women face forced marriage in Germany - Agence France-Presse, November 12, 2011
↑ Zainah Anwar - Nothing divine in child marriage - Sisters in Islam,
↑ Joanne - Too young to wed? - International Campaign Against Honour Killings, June 20, 2010
↑ Sarah Touahri - Child marriage in Morocco criticised - Magharebia, May 5, 2009
↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 "Nigeria Child Brides-Broken Lives", Times Online, November 28, 2008 (archived), http://www.wunrn.com/news/2008/11_08/11_24_08/112408_nigeria.htm.
↑ Jonathan Dahoh-Halevi - Antonia Zerbisias and Pedophilia in Palestinian Society - ShalomLife, February 26, 2010
↑ aryouth - Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics Website, 2001
↑ Fatima Sidiya - Saudi Child marriages, an issue still not resolved - Arab News, March 9, 2011
↑ Sex case grips country amid young-brides split - Hürriyet Daily, November 26, 2008
↑ Ten-fold rise in forced marriages in just four years - The Daily Mail, July 2, 2009
↑ 21.0 21.1 YEMEN: Deep divisions over child brides - IRIN, March 28, 2010
↑ 22.0 22.1 yessir - Child Marriage - Death Of 13 Year Old Bride After Wedding - A BIG MESSAGE, April 10, 2010
↑ Carla Power - Nujood Ali & Shada Nasser win “Women of the Year Fund 2008 Glamour Award” - Glamour Magazine, November 13, 2008
↑ Top Saudi cleric: OK for young girls to wed - CNN, January 17, 2009
↑ Carlyle Murphy - Child marriage case showcases deep splits in Saudi society - GlobalPost, April 16, 2009
↑ Fatwa in favour of 9-year-old girl marriage, Polemics - ANSAmed, September 8, 2008
↑ Parvin Darabi - Ayatollah Khomeini's Religious Teachings on Marriage, Divorce and Relationships - Dr. Homa Darabi Foundation
↑ Y. Admon - Rising Criticism of Child Bride Marriages in Saudi Arabia - MEMRI: Inquiry and Analysis No. 502
↑ Saudi cleric condones child rape! - YouTube
↑ LBC TV (Lebanon) - June 19, 2008 - 03:08 - MEMRI TV, Video Clip No. 1798
↑ Moroccan theologian: Muslim girls can wed at nine - Middle East Online, September 15, 2008
↑ 32.0 32.1 "I Could Marry Off My Six Year Old Daughter If I So Wished, Senator Ahmed Yerima Replies Critics", The Nigeria Today, July 21, 2013 (archived), http://thenigeriatoday.net/i-could-marry-off-my-six-year-old-daughter-if-i-so-wished-senator-ahmed-yerima-replies-critics/.
↑ Reliance of the Traveller/Book M: Marriage - (full text online)
↑ Islamists Fight Yemen Law Banning Child Marriage - Fox News, April 16, 2009
↑ Questions Related to Marriage/ Is it allowed for a father to force his daughter to marry a specific man that she does not want to marry? - Muslim Students Organization of the University of Houston
↑ Adil Salahi - Marriage in Islam/Marriage at an early age - Islamic Voice, Vol 12-08 No:140, August 1998
↑ Jenny Cuff - Child marriage and divorce in Yemen - BBC, November 6, 2008
↑ 38.0 38.1 38.2 Islamist leader threatens of waging Jihad - Weekly Blitz, April 20, 2011
↑ Peter Mickelburough - Father banned from marrying off 14-year-old daughter - Herald Sun, September 15, 2010
↑ Rafiqul Islam - Loan shark's awful act - The Daily Star, September 13, 2009
↑ Indonesia Muslim Cleric Detained for Marriage to 12-Year-Old - Associated Press, Fox News, March 18, 2009
↑ Azad Moradian - Domestic Violence against Single and Married Women in Iranian Society - Iranian.com, September 10, 2009
↑ 43.0 43.1 Outcry over Malaysian child marriages - Sydney Morning Herald, August 4, 2010
↑ Joanne - Religion minister rejects child marriage reform - International Campaign Against Honour Killings, March 17, 2010
↑ Underage marriages are allowed in Islam, says Nazri - Daily Express, December 9, 2010
↑ Nadia Usman - Nazim, NGO, police intervene to stop child marriage - Daily Times Pakistan, April 17, 2008
↑ Guardian UK: 15 child brides used to settle Pakistan feud, by Declan Walsh in Islamabad (Pakistan); Thursday June 5 2008
↑ 48.0 48.1 Giraldus Cambrensis - Pakistan- Muslim Child Bride For Sale - Western Resistance, April 17, 2006
↑ Barbara Plett - Forced child marriage tests Pakistan law in Sultanwala - BBC News, December 5, 2005
↑ Cleric among 10 held in vani case - The News, January 4, 2010
↑ Pakistani Muslim Forces 12-year-old Girl to Convert, Marry Him - Compass Direct News, June 4, 2009
↑ Shamsul Islam - Child marriage: 12-year-old girl given in wani to 85-year-old - The Express Tribune, October 1, 2011
↑ Shamsul Islam - Wani tradition: 3 arrested for marrying infant to 24-year-old - The Express Tribune, October 11, 2011
↑ thememriblog; In Saudi Arabia, Girl, 10, Wed To Man, 26 - MEMRI blog (Al-Watan, Saudi Arabia, May 6, 2009)
↑ Ian Black - Saudi girl, eight, married off to 58-year-old is denied divorce - The Guardian, December 23, 2008
↑ Mohammed Jamjoom - UNICEF 'deeply concerned' about marriage of 8-year-old - CNN, April 14, 2009
↑ Child bride turned over to 80-year-old husband - Arab News, August 26, 2009
↑ Joel Brinkley - Child marriage still an issue in Saudi Arabia - The San Francisco Chronicle, March 14, 2010
↑ Home affairs editor, Alan Travis- 'Summer of race riots' feared after clashes in 2001 - The Guardian, December 28, 2006
↑ Mohammed Jamjoom - Yemeni girl, 12, dies in painful childbirth - CNN, September 14, 2009
↑ Paula Newton - Child bride's nightmare after divorce - CNN, September 4, 2009
↑ Robert F. Worth - Tiny Voices Defy Child Marriage in Yemen - The New York Times, June 29, 2008
↑ Child Bride Fights Against Forced Marriage - America.gov, March 6, 2009
Retrieved from "http://wikiislam.net/index.php?title=Contemporary_Pedophilic_Islamic_Marriages&oldid=112926"
Content is available under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported (CC BY-NC 3.0) unless otherwise noted.
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25276
|
__label__wiki
| 0.918935
| 0.918935
|
Last updated July 12, 2019
This article is about the women's association football tournament. For the men's tournament, see FIFA World Cup.
Association football competition for women's national teams
1991;28 years ago (1991)
FIFA (International)
24 (finals)
(4th title)
Most successful team(s)
(4 titles)
BC Place in Vancouver, Canada, hosting a group stage match in 2015.
The FIFA Women's World Cup is an international football competition contested by the senior women's national teams of the members of Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), the sport's international governing body. The competition has been held every four years since 1991, when the inaugural tournament, then called the FIFA Women's World Championship, was held in China. The tournament's current format, national teams vie for 23 slots in a three-year qualification phase. The host nation's team is automatically entered as the 24th slot. The tournament proper, alternatively called the World Cup Finals, is contested at venues within the host nation(s) over a period of about one month.
The Fédération Internationale de Football Association is a non-profit organization which describes itself as an international governing body of association football, fútsal, beach soccer, and efootball.
The 1991 FIFA Women's World Cup was the inaugural FIFA Women's World Cup, the world championship for women's national association football teams. It took place in Guangdong, China from 16 to 30 November 1991. FIFA, football's international governing body selected China as host nation as Guangdong had hosted a prototype world championship three years earlier, the 1988 FIFA Women's Invitation Tournament. Matches were played in the state capital, Guangzhou, as well as in Foshan, Jiangmen and Zhongshan. The competition was sponsored by Mars, Incorporated. With FIFA still reluctant to bestow their "World Cup" brand, the tournament was officially known as the 1st FIFA World Championship for Women's Football for the M&M's Cup.
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia and the world's most populous country, with a population of around 1.404 billion. Covering approximately 9,600,000 square kilometers (3,700,000 sq mi), it is the third- or fourth-largest country by total area. Governed by the Communist Party of China, the state exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four direct-controlled municipalities, and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau.
Hosts and results
Teams reaching the top four
Best performances by confederations
Broadcasting and revenue
Most goals
Most tournaments
Most matches
The eight FIFA Women's World Cup tournaments have been won by four national teams. The United States has won four times, including the last one in 2019. The other winners are Germany, with two titles; and Japan and Norway with one title each.
The United States women's national soccer team (USWNT) represents the United States in international women's soccer. The team is the most successful in international women's soccer, winning four Women's World Cup titles, four Olympic gold medals and eight CONCACAF Gold Cups. It medaled in every World Cup and Olympic tournament in women's soccer history from 1991 to 2015, before being knocked out in the quarterfinal of the 2016 Summer Olympics. The team is governed by United States Soccer Federation and competes in CONCACAF.
The 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup was the eighth edition of the FIFA Women's World Cup, the quadrennial international football championship contested by 24 women's national teams representing member associations of FIFA. It took place between 7 June and 7 July 2019, with 52 matches staged in nine cities in France, which was awarded the right to host the event in March 2015, the first time the country hosted the tournament. The tournament was the first Women's World Cup to use the video assistant referee (VAR) system.
The Germany women's national football team is governed by the German Football Association (DFB).
Six countries have hosted the Women's World Cup. China and the United States have each hosted the tournament twice, while Canada, France, Germany, and Sweden have each hosted it once.
The first instance of a Women's World Cup dates back to 1970 with the first international tournament taking place in Italy in July 1970. [1] This was followed by another unofficial tournament the following year in Mexico, where Denmark won the title after defeating Mexico in the final. [2] [3] [4] In the mid-1980s, the Mundialito was held in Italy across four editions with both Italy and England winning two titles. [5]
The 1970 Women's World Cup was a non-FIFA-sanctioned association football tournament for women which took place in Italy in July 1970. It was won by Denmark, represented by Boldklubben Femina.
The 1971 Women's World Cup was a non-FIFA-sanctioned association football tournament for women which took place in Mexico in August and September 1971. Denmark won the tournament.
The Denmark women's national football team represents Denmark in international women's football. The team is controlled by the Danish Football Association (DBU).
Several countries lifted their ban on women's football in the 1970s, leading to new teams being established across Europe and North America. After the first international women's tournaments were held in Asia in 1975 [6] and Europe in 1984, Ellen Wille declared that she wanted better effort from the FIFA Congress in promoting the women's game. [7] This came in 1988 in the form of an invitational tournament in China as a test to see if a global women's World Cup was feasible. Twelve national teams took part in the competition – four from UEFA, three from AFC, two from CONCACAF, and one each from CONMEBOL, CAF and OFC. After the opening match of the tournament between China and Canada was attended by 45,000 people, the tournament was deemed a success, with crowds averaging 20,000. Norway, who was the European champion, defeated Sweden, 1–0, in the final, while Brazil clinched third place by beating the hosts in a penalty shootout. [8] The competition was deemed a success and on 30 June FIFA approved the establishment of an official World Cup, which was to take place in 1991 again in China. Again, twelve teams competed, this time culminating in the United States defeating Norway in the final, 2–1, with Michelle Akers scoring two goals. [9]
The FIFA Congress is the supreme legislative body of the International Federation of Association Football, commonly known by the acronym FIFA. FIFA is the international governing body of association football, futsal and beach soccer. The congress may be ordinary or extraordinary.
The 1988 FIFA Women's Invitation Tournament, or International Women's Football Tournament, was organized by FIFA in China from 1 to 12 June 1988. The competition was a test to study if a global women's World Cup was feasible following the experience of non-FIFA invitational competitions such as the Mundialito (1984–88) and the Women's World Invitational Tournament (1978–87). The competition was a success and on 30 June FIFA approved the establishment of an official World Cup for 1991, which would also be held in China.
The 1995 edition in Sweden saw the experiment of a time-out concept throughout the tournament which was later tightened mid-tournament to only occur after a break in play. The time-out only appeared in the one tournament which saw it scrapped. The final of the 1995 edition saw Norway, who scored 17 goals in the group stage, defeat Germany, 2–0, to capture their only title. [10] In the 1999 edition, one of the most famous moments of the tournament was American defender Brandi Chastain's victory celebration after scoring the Cup-winning penalty kick against China. She took off her jersey and waved it over her head (as men frequently do), showing her muscular torso and sports bra as she celebrated. The 1999 final in the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California, had an attendance of 90,185, a world record for a women's sporting event. [11]
The 1995 FIFA Women's World Cup, the second edition of the FIFA Women's World Cup, was held in Sweden and won by Norway. The tournament featured 12 women's national teams from six continental confederations. The 12 teams were drawn into three groups of four and each group played a round-robin tournament. At the end of the group stage, the top two teams and two best third-ranked teams advanced to the knockout stage, beginning with the quarter-finals and culminating with the final at Råsunda Stadium on 18 June 1995.
Brandi Denise Chastain is an American retired soccer player, two-time FIFA Women's World Cup champion, two-time Olympic gold-medalist, coach, and sports broadcaster. She played for the United States national team from 1988–2004. In her 192 caps on the team, she scored 30 goals playing primarily in the defender and midfielder positions. She scored a World Cup-winning penalty shootout goal against China in the 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup final.
The China women's national football team, recognized as China PR by FIFA, is governed by the Chinese Football Association. The team is colloquially referred to as "Zhōngguó Nǚzú".
The 1999 and 2003 Women's World Cups were both held in the United States; in 2003 China was supposed to host it, but the tournament was moved because of SARS. [12] As compensation, China retained its automatic qualification to the 2003 tournament as host nation, and was automatically chosen to host the 2007 FIFA Women's World Cup. Germany hosted the 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup, as decided by vote in October 2007. In March 2011, FIFA awarded Canada the right to host the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup. The 2015 edition saw the field expand from 16 to 24 teams. [13]
The 2003 FIFA Women's World Cup was the fourth edition of the FIFA Women's World Cup, the quadrennial championship of women's association football teams organized by FIFA. It was held in the United States from 20 September to 12 October 2003 at six venues in six cities across the country. The tournament was won by Germany, who became the first country to win both men's and women's World Cup.
The 2007 FIFA Women's World Cup, the fifth edition of the FIFA Women's World Cup, was an international association football competition for women held in China from 10 to 30 September 2007. Originally, China was to host the 2003 edition, but the outbreak of SARS in that country forced that event to be moved to the United States. FIFA immediately granted the 2007 event to China, which meant that no new host nation was chosen competitively until the voting was held for the 2011 Women's World Cup.
The 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup was the sixth FIFA Women's World Cup competition, the world championship for women's national association football teams. It was held from 26 June to 17 July 2011 in Germany, which won the right to host the event in October 2007. Japan won the final against the United States on a penalty shoot-out following a 2–2 draw after extra time and became the first Asian team to win a senior FIFA World Cup.
During the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup, both Formiga of Brazil and Homare Sawa of Japan appeared in their record sixth World Cup, [14] a feat that had never been achieved before by either female or male players. Christie Pearce is the oldest player to ever play in a Women's World Cup match, at the age of 40 years. [15] In March 2015, FIFA awarded France the right to host the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup over South Korea. [16]
The current trophy was designed in 1998 for the 1999 tournament, and takes the form of a spiral band, enclosing a football at the top, that aims to capture the athleticism, dynamism and elegance of international women's football. In the 2010s, it was fitted with a cone-shaped base. Underneath the base, the name of each of the tournament's previous winners is engraved. [17] The trophy is 47 cm (19 in) tall, weighs 4.6 kg (10 lb) and is made of sterling silver clad in 23-karat yellow and white gold, with an estimated value in 2015 of approximately $30,000. By contrast, the men's World Cup trophy is fabricated in 18-karat gold and has a precious metal value of $150,000. However, a new Winner's Trophy is constructed for each women's champion to take home, while there is only one original men's trophy which is retained by FIFA with each men's champion taking home a replica trophy. [18]
Main article: FIFA Women's World Cup qualification
Qualifying tournaments are held within the six FIFA continental zones (Africa, Asia, North and Central America and Caribbean, South America, Oceania, Europe), and are organised by their respective confederations: Confederation of African Football (CAF), Asian Football Confederation (AFC), Confederation of North, Central America and Caribbean Association Football (CONCACAF), South American Football Confederation (CONMEBOL), Oceania Football Confederation (OFC), and Union of European Football Associations (UEFA). For each tournament, FIFA decides beforehand the number of berths awarded to each of the continental zones, based on the relative strength of the confederations' teams. The hosts of the World Cup receive an automatic berth in the finals. Since the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup, the number of finalists increased from 16 to 24. [19]
The final tournament has featured between 12 and 24 national teams competing over about one month in the host nation(s). There are two stages: the group stage followed by the knockout stage. [20]
In the group stage, teams are drawn into groups of four teams each. Each group plays a round-robin tournament, in which each team is scheduled for three matches against other teams in the same group. The last round of matches of each group is scheduled at the same time to preserve fairness among all four teams. In the 2015 24-team format, the two teams finishing first and second in each group and the four best teams among those ranked third qualified for the round of 16, also called the knockout stage. Points are used to rank the teams within a group. Since 1994, three points have been awarded for a win, one for a draw and none for a loss (before, winners received two points).
The ranking of each team in each group is determined as follows: [20]
Greatest number of points in group matches
Greatest goal difference in group matches
Greatest number of goals scored in group matches
If more than one team remain level after applying the above criteria, their ranking will be determined as follows:
Greatest number of points in head-to-head matches among those teams
Greatest goal difference in head-to-head matches among those teams
Greatest number of goals scored in head-to-head matches among those teams
If any of the teams above remain level after applying the above criteria, their ranking will be determined by the drawing of lots
The knockout stage is a single-elimination tournament in which teams play each other in one-off matches, with extra time and penalty shootouts used to decide the winner if necessary. It begins with the round of 16. This is followed by the quarter-finals, semi-finals, the third-place match (contested by the losing semi-finalists), and the final. [20]
1991 China 26 510,000 18,344 65,000 [21]
1995 Sweden 26 112,213 4,316 17,158 [21]
1999 United States 32 1,214,209 37,944 90,185 [21]
2003 United States 32 679,664 21,240 34,144 [21]
2007 China 32 1,190,971 37,218 55,832 [21]
2011 Germany 32 845,751 26,430 73,680 [21]
2015 Canada 52 1,353,506 26,029 54,027 [21] [22]
2019 France 52 1,131,312 21,756 57,900 [23]
The 2003 Women's World Cup was originally planned to be hosted by China, but was awarded to the United States in May 2003 after a major SARS outbreak.
The 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup set a new attendance record for all FIFA competitions besides the men's FIFA World Cup. [22]
See also: FIFA Women's World Cup hosts and List of FIFA Women's World Cup finals
Score and venue
No. of teams
1 1991 China
Tianhe Stadium, Guangzhou
Provincial Stadium, Guangzhou
2 1995 Sweden
Råsunda Stadium, Solna
Strömvallen, Gävle
China PR 12
3 1999 United States
United States 0–0 ( a.e.t. )
(5–4 p )
Rose Bowl, Pasadena
Brazil 0–0 [A]
Germany 2–1 (a.e.t.)
Home Depot Center, Carson
Hongkou Stadium, Shanghai
6 2011 Germany
Japan 2–2 ( a.e.t. )
Commerzbank-Arena, Frankfurt
Rhein-Neckar-Arena, Sinsheim
7 2015 Canada
BC Place, Vancouver
England 1–0( a.e.t. )
Commonwealth Stadium, Edmonton
8 2019 France
Parc Olympique Lyonnais, Lyon
Allianz Riviera, Nice
A No extra time was played. [24]
In all, 36 nations have played in at least one Women's World Cup. Of those, four nations have won the World Cup. With four titles, the United States is the most successful Women's World Cup team and is one of only seven nations to play in every World Cup. They have also had the most top four finishes (8), medals (8) and final appearances (5), including the longest streak of three consecutive finals in 2011, 2015, and 2019.
Main article: National team appearances in the FIFA Women's World Cup
United States 4 (1991, 1999, 2015, 2019) 1 (2011) 3 (1995, 2003, 2007) 8
Germany 2 (2003, 2007) 1 (1995) 2 (1991, 2015) 5
Norway 1 (1995) 1 (1991) 2 (1999, 2007) 4
Japan 1 (2011) 1 (2015) 2
Sweden 1 (2003) 3 (1991, 2011, 2019) 4
Brazil 1 (2007) 1 (1999) 2
China PR 1 (1999) 1 (1995) 2
Netherlands 1 (2019) 1
England 1 (2015) 1 (2019) 2
Canada 1 (2003) 1
France 1 (2011) 1
See also: FIFA Women's World Cup results by confederation
As of 2019 [update] , four of the six FIFA confederations have made it to a Women's World Cup final, the only exceptions being CAF (Africa) and the OFC (Oceania). CONMEBOL is the only confederation to have made a World Cup final without winning, following Brazil's defeat in the 2007 final. The farthest advancing African team was Nigeria, who were eliminated in the quarter finals in 1999. Oceania has sent two teams, Australia and New Zealand, to the World Cup but neither team were able to advance from the group stage.
The United States and Norway are the only teams to have won the tournament in their own confederations, with the U.S. winning in 1999 (at home) and 2015 (in Canada), and Norway in 1995 (in Sweden).
Round reached
Final 3 0 5 1 0 7 16
Semi-finals 4 0 9 2 0 17 32
Quarter-finals 14 1 10 4 0 35 64
Round of 16 (since 2015) 7 3 4 3 0 15 32
Total appearances 29 16 20 15 8 48 136
See also: List of FIFA Women's World Cup broadcasters
As of 2017 [update] , the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup Final was the most watched football match in American history with nearly 23 million viewers, [25] more than the 2015 NBA Finals and Stanley Cup. [26] It was also the most watched Spanish-language broadcast in tournament history. [25] More than 750 million viewers were reported to have watched the tournament worldwide. [27]
The 2015 Women’s World Cup generated almost $73 million, the 2018 men’s tournament generated an estimated $6.1 billion in revenue. [28]
Main article: FIFA Women's World Cup awards
At the end of each World Cup, awards are presented to select players and teams for accomplishments other than their final team positions in the tournament. There are currently seven awards:
The Golden Ball for the best player, determined by a vote of media members (first awarded in 1991); the Silver Ball and the Bronze Ball are awarded to the players finishing second and third in the voting respectively.
The Golden Boot (also known as the Golden Shoe) for the top goalscorer (first awarded in 1991). The Silver Boot and the Bronze Boot have been awarded to the second and third top goalscorers respectively.
If two or more players finish the tournament with the same number of goals, tiebreakers are used in the following order:
Most assists.
Fewest minutes played.
The Golden Glove Award for the best goalkeeper, decided by the FIFA Technical Study Group. First awarded in 2007 as "Best Goalkeeper"; current award name adopted in 2011.
The Best Young Player Award for the best player no older than age 21 as of 1 January of the year of the final tournament, decided by the FIFA Technical Study Group (first awarded in 2011).
The FIFA Fair Play Award for the team with the best record of fair play, according to the points system and criteria established by the FIFA Fair Play Committee (first awarded in 1991).
The All-Star Team , consisting of the best players of the tournament as determined by the FIFA Technical Study Group (first selected in 1999).
The Dream Team , consisting of the best players of the tournament as chosen by users of fifa.com (first selected in 2015).
Another award is presented a week after the final match:
The Goal of the Tournament , consisting of the tournament's best goal, as chosen by users of fifa.com from a shortlist of 12 goals selected by FIFA's web administrators (first awarded in 2015).
One past award is no longer presented:
The Most Entertaining Team Award for the team that has entertained the public the most during the World Cup, determined by a poll of the general public (awarded in 2003 and 2007).
Main article: FIFA Women's World Cup records and statistics
Boldface indicates a player still playing.
Main article: List of FIFA Women's World Cup goalscorers
Marta of Brazil is the all-time leading scorer of the World Cup.
Birgit Prinz is tied for the second most goals in all tournaments, and won the title twice representing Germany.
1 Marta 3 7 4 1 2 17
2 Birgit Prinz 1 1 7 5 0 14
Abby Wambach 3 6 4 1 14
4 Michelle Akers 10 0 2 12
5 Cristiane 0 5 2 0 4 11
Sun Wen 1 2 7 1 11
Bettina Wiegmann 3 3 3 2 11
8 Ann Kristin Aarønes 6 4 10
Carli Lloyd 0 1 6 3 10
Heidi Mohr 7 3 10
Christine Sinclair 3 3 1 2 1 10
Formiga is the only player to appear in seven Women's World Cups, followed by Homare Sawa's six tournaments.
Main article: List of players who have appeared in multiple FIFA Women's World Cups
1 Formiga 7 (1995, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019)
2 Homare Sawa 6 (1995, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015)
3 Kristine Lilly 5 (1991, 1995, 1999, 2003, 2007)
Bente Nordby 5 (1991*, 1995, 1999, 2003, 2007)
Birgit Prinz 5 (1995, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011)
Christie Rampone 5 (1999, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015)
Karina LeBlanc 5 (1999*, 2003, 2007*, 2011, 2015*)
Nadine Angerer 5 (1999*, 2003*, 2007, 2011, 2015)
Cristiane 5 (2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019)
Marta 5 (2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019)
Christine Sinclair 5 (2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019)
Onome Ebi 5 (2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019)
*Did not play but was part of the squad.
1 Kristine Lilly 30
2 Formiga 27
3 Carli Lloyd 25
Abby Wambach 25
5 Julie Foudy 24
Birgit Prinz 24
Homare Sawa 24
8 Joy Fawcett 23
Mia Hamm 23
10 Bente Nordby 22
Hege Riise 22
Bettina Wiegmann 22
FIFA Women's Club World Cup
FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup
The FIFA World Cup, often simply called the World Cup, is an international association football competition contested by the senior men's national teams of the members of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), the sport's global governing body. The championship has been awarded every four years since the inaugural tournament in 1930, except in 1942 and 1946 when it was not held because of the Second World War. The current champion is France, which won its second title at the 2018 tournament in Russia.
The CAF Africa Cup of Nations, officially CAN, also referred to as AFCON, or Total Africa Cup of Nations for sponsorship reasons, is the main international association football competition in Africa. It is sanctioned by the Confederation of African Football (CAF) and was first held in 1957. Since 1968, it has been held every two years. The title holders at the time of a FIFA Confederations Cup qualify for that competition.
The AFC Asian Cup is an international association football tournament run by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC). It is the second oldest continental football championship in the world after Copa América. The winning team becomes the champion of Asia and until 2015 qualified for the FIFA Confederations Cup.
The OFC Nations Cup is an international association football tournament held among the Oceania Football Confederation (OFC) member nations. It was held every two years from 1996 to 2004; before 1996 there were two other tournaments held at irregular intervals, under the name Oceania Nations Cup. No competition was held in 2006, but in the 2008 edition, which also acted as a qualification tournament for the 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup and for a play-off for the 2010 FIFA World Cup, the New Zealand national football team emerged as winners.
The 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup was the third edition of the FIFA Women's World Cup, the world championship for women's national association football teams. It was hosted as well as won by the United States and took place from 19 June to 10 July 1999 at eight venues across the country. The tournament was the most successful FIFA Women's World Cup in terms of attendance, television ratings, and public interest.
Sun Wen is a retired Chinese professional football (soccer) player. She previously captained the China women's national football team and the Atlanta Beat of the Women's United Soccer Association (WUSA).
The FIFA Confederations Cup was an international association football tournament for men's national teams, held every four years by FIFA. It was contested by the holders of each of the six continental championships, along with the current FIFA World Cup holder and the host nation, to bring the number of teams up to eight.
The FIFA U-20 World Cup is the biennial football world championship for male players under the age of 20, organised by FIFA. The competition has been staged every two years since the first tournament in 1977 held in Tunisia. Until 2005 it was known as the FIFA World Youth Championship.
The Netherlands women's national football team is directed by the Royal Dutch Football Association (KNVB), which is a member of UEFA and FIFA.
The 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup was the 10th and final FIFA Confederations Cup, a quadrennial international men's football tournament organised by FIFA. It was held in Russia, from 17 June to 2 July 2017, as a prelude to the 2018 FIFA World Cup.
The 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup was the seventh FIFA Women's World Cup, the quadrennial international women's football world championship tournament. The tournament was hosted by Canada for the first time and by a North American country for the third time. Matches were played in six cities across Canada in five time zones. The tournament began on 6 June 2015, and finished with the final on 5 July 2015 with a United States victory over Japan.
The association football tournament at the 2016 Summer Olympics was held from 3 to 20 August in Brazil.
The 2018 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup was the ninth edition of the FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup, the biennial international women's youth football championship contested by the under-20 national teams of the member associations of FIFA, since its inception in 2002 as the FIFA U-19 Women's World Championship.
This is a list of records of the FIFA Women's World Cup and its qualification matches.
The 2018 OFC Women's Nations Cup was the 11th edition of the OFC Women's Nations Cup, the quadrennial international football championship organised by the Oceania Football Confederation (OFC) for the women's national teams of the Oceanian region. The tournament was held in New Caledonia between 18 November – 1 December 2018.
The Asian section of the 2022 FIFA World Cup qualification will act as qualifiers for the 2022 FIFA World Cup, to be held in Qatar, for national teams which are members of the Asian Football Confederation (AFC). Apart from Qatar, who qualified automatically as hosts, a total of 4 or 5 slots in the final tournament are available for AFC teams.
↑ Garin, Erik (26 February 2015). "Coppa del Mondo (Women) 1970". RSSSF. Retrieved 14 May 2019.
↑ Wilson, Bill (7 December 2018). "Mexico 1971: When women's football hit the big time". BBC . Retrieved 14 May 2019.
↑ Garin, Eric (29 February 2004). "Mundial (Women) 1971". RSSSF. Retrieved 14 May 2019.
↑ Kessel, Anna (5 June 2015). "Women's World Cup: from unofficial tournaments to record-breaking event". The Guardian . Retrieved 14 May 2019.
↑ Garin, Erik (11 April 2019). "Mundialito (Women) 1981–1988". RSSSF. Retrieved 14 May 2019.
↑ "Foundation of Asian brilliance". AFC. 15 February 2018. Retrieved 21 May 2019.
↑ "Ellen Wille, mother of Norwegian women's football". FIFA. 30 June 2011. Retrieved 21 May 2019.
↑ "A green and gold shirt steeped in history". 16 December 2015. Retrieved 22 May 2019.
↑ "When Akers and USA got the party started". FIFA.com. 13 December 2018. Retrieved 22 May 2019.
↑ "Norway take gold in Sweden". FIFA.com. 22 March 2007. Retrieved 24 May 2019.
↑ "Women's World Cup History". The Sports Network. Retrieved 25 March 2007. [ permanent dead link ]
↑ Koppel, Naomi (3 May 2003). "FIFA moves Women's World Cup from China because of SARS". USA Today. Retrieved 27 March 2007.
↑ Molinaro, John F. (3 March 2011). "Canada gets 2015 Women's World Cup of soccer". CBC Sports . Retrieved 9 May 2011.
↑ "Japan legend Sawa makes cut for sixth World Cup". Reuters. 1 May 2015.
↑ "USWNT'S Christie Rampone Is Now The Oldest Player To Appear In The Women's World Cup". Huffington Post. 17 June 2015.
↑ "France to host the FIFA Women's World Cup in 2019". FIFA.com. 19 March 2015.
↑ "The Official Womens World Cup Trophy". www.fifa.com. Retrieved 2 October 2018.
↑ "Women's World Cup Trophy Is Made of Gold-Clad Sterling Silver; Men's Version Is 18-Karat Gold". The Jeweler's Blog. 5 July 2015. Retrieved 13 October 2018.
↑ "World Champions: USA Wins 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup". U.S. Soccer. 5 July 2004. Retrieved 27 June 2017.
1 2 3 "Regulations FIFA Women's World Cup Canada 2015" (PDF). FIFA.com. Fédération Internationale de Football Association. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "FIFA Women's World Cup Canada 2015" (PDF). FIFA. p. 148. Retrieved 22 May 2019.
1 2 "Key figures from the FIFA Women's World Cup Canada 2015™". FIFA. 7 July 2015. Retrieved 3 October 2016.
↑ "FIFA Women's World Cup France 2019". FIFA. p. 148. Retrieved 22 May 2019.
↑ "Brazil takes third". SI/CNN. 10 July 1999. Archived from the original on 28 February 2002. Retrieved 2 July 2011.
1 2 "Women's World Cup Final Is Most-watched football Match in U.S. History". U.S. Soccer. 8 July 2015. Retrieved 27 June 2017.
↑ Hinog, Mark (6 July 2015). "More Americans watched the Women's World Cup final than the NBA Finals or the Stanley Cup 24". SB Nation. Retrieved 27 June 2017.
↑ "Record-breaking FIFA Women's World Cup tops 750 million TV viewers". FIFA. 17 December 2015. Retrieved 27 June 2017.
↑ "US Women's Soccer Fans Demand 'Equal Pay' After 13-0 Win – Brutally Reminded of Loss to U15 Boys". Pluralist.com. Retrieved 3 July 2019.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to FIFA Women's World Cup .
FIFA official site
UEFA's page on the FIFA Women's World Cup
RSSSF's pages
FIFA Anthem
FIFA Congress
FIFA Council
FIFA Ethics Committee
FIFA headquarters
Football at the Summer Olympics
List of football federations
International Football Association Board
Timeline of association football
Football codes
Men's tournaments
FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup
Blue Stars/FIFA Youth Cup
Women's tournaments
FIFA eWorld Cup
Robert Guérin (1904–1906)
Daniel Burley Woolfall (1906–1918)
Jules Rimet (1921–1954)
Rodolphe Seeldrayers (1954–1955)
Arthur Drewry (1955–1961)
Stanley Rous (1961–1974)
João Havelange (1974–1998)
Sepp Blatter (1998–2015)
Issa Hayatou (2015–2016, acting)
Gianni Infantino (2016–present)
Louis Muhlinghaus (1904–1906)
Wilhelm Hirschman (1906–1931)
Ivo Schricker (1932–1951)
Kurt Gassmann (1951–1960)
Helmut Käser (1961–1981)
Michel Zen-Ruffinen (1998–2002)
Urs Linsi (2002–2007)
Jérôme Valcke (2007–2015)
Markus Kattner (2015–2016, acting)
Fatma Samoura (2016–present)
FIFA Ballon d'Or
FIFA Club of the Century
FIFA Development Award
FIFA Fair Play Award
FIFA Female Player of the Century
FIFA FIFPro World XI
FIFA Order of Merit
FIFA Player of the Century
FIFA Presidential Award
FIFA Puskás Award
FIFA Women's World Cup awards
FIFA World Coach of the Year
FIFA World Cup All-Time Team
FIFA World Cup Dream Team
FIFA World Cup awards
FIFA World Player of the Year
FIFA World Rankings
(Former systems: 1999–2006
2006–2018)
FIFA Women's World Rankings
51st (Paris 1998)
53rd (Seoul 2002)
61st (Zürich 2011)
65th (Zürich 2015)
Extraordinary (Zürich 2016)
69th (Paris 2019)
"FIFA's Dirty Secrets"
Garcia Report
2015 FIFA corruption case
List of banned football officials
FIFA (video game series)
List of FIFA country codes
FIFA Disciplinary Code
FIFA Fan Fest
FIFA Futbol Mundial
FIFA eligibility rules
FIFA International Match Calendar
FIFA International Referees List
FIFA Transfer Matching System
FIFA World Cup Trophy
United Passions
Sweden 1995
Team appearances
Goalscorers
hat-tricks
Multiple winners
Penalty shoot-outs
1970 Women's World Cup
1988 FIFA Women's Invitation Tournament
List of world sports championships
race walking
Bobsleigh and skeleton
Boxing (amateur)
artificial track
natural track
mixed relay
ODI (men)
ODI (women)
T20 (men)
T20 (women)
Amputee football
Blind football
CP football
Para ice hockey
Cue sports
Three-cushion
five-pin
English billiards
Pocket billiards
eight-ball
nine-ball
ten-ball
six-red
Mind sports
draughts-64
draughts-64 women
WRC-2
Motorcycle sports
Sidecarcross
Aeroplane sport
Aerobatic GP
Air Race
Powerboating
Radio-controlled racing
1:10 electric off-road
Formation Latin
Indoor field hockey
Roll Ball
Sepaktakraw
Long Distance Mountain running
Snowshoe running
Tenpin
Ninepin (Single's, Team)
Bowls (outdoor)
Bowls (indoor)
mountain bike marathon
Finswimming
Kickboxing (Amateur)
Mounted games
practical handgun
practical rifle
practical shotgun
aggressive roller freestyle
artistic skating
inline alpine
inline downhill
inline freestyle
inline speed skating
ESWC
World cup competitions
List of world cups
ConIFA
men ODI
men Twenty20
women ODI
women Twenty20
FIFA men
AMF men
AMF women
Pitch and putt
Pool (nine-ball)
Touch football
Road bicycle racing
Ten-pin bowling
ski flying
Ski orienteering
See also: Template:Main world championships
World association football championships
Football at the Youth Olympics
FIFA Confederations Cup (defunct)
FIFA Club World Cup (Intercontinental Cup)
FIFA Women's Club World Cup (International Women's Club Championship)
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25277
|
__label__wiki
| 0.744268
| 0.744268
|
List of objects that have gone over Niagara Falls
This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: consider merging this into a bigger article related to Niagara Falls and using this as a refirect, very trivial Please help improve this article if you can. (August 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Numerous objects, both natural and artificial, have gone over the Niagara Falls. These events have been the result of both stunts and accidents, most of which have resulted in fatalities. The first recorded person to survive going over the falls was school teacher Annie Edson Taylor, who went over the falls in a barrel in 1901. While her main motives were financial she never made much money for the endeavor. 72 years previously, however, Sam Patch had jumped from a platform adjacent to Goat Island.[1][2]
An estimated 5,000 bodies were found at the foot of the falls between 1850 and 2011,[3] and an estimated 40 people are killed each year when they are swept over the falls—most of which are suicides.[4] Other figures suggest that the number of suicides is between 20 and 30, many of which are not publicized by officials.[5] The majority of jumps take place from the Canadian Falls, which account for between 55% and 70% of suicides.[5]
Mortality rate for the daredevil attempts over the falls is approximately 25%.[6][3]
2 Animals
3 Inanimate objects
People[edit]
Avery stranded in Niagara River
1853 – On July 19, Joseph Avery went over the falls having spent 18 hours clinging to a log in the rapids above the waterfall.[7] He and one or two other men had been drinking and attempted to row from Goat Island to the mainland when their boat capsized; the other occupants of the boat went over the falls immediately. Despite several attempts at rescue, Avery was eventually swept over the falls. A daguerreotype of Avery holding onto the log was made by Platt D. Babbitt.[7]
1892 – On July 29, the body of Victor Freiman was recovered from the river below falls; the Pittsburgh Dispatch reported that Freiman's death was a suicide.[8][9]
Annie Edson Taylor posing with her wooden barrel (1901)
Delahanty with the Senators in 1903
1901 – On October 24, Annie Edson Taylor went over the falls in a barrel. She was mostly unharmed, but exited the barrel bleeding.[10]
1903 – On July 2, Ed Delahanty, a baseball player, was swept over the falls. He had fallen from the International Railway Bridge, after having been kicked off a night train for drunk and disorderly conduct and threatening passengers. Delahanty's body was later recovered near the Maid of the Mist's berth; his body was mangled and one leg was severed.[11]
Bobby Leach posing with his steel barrel (1911)
1911 – On July 25, Bobby Leach went over the falls in a barrel. He spent the following six months in hospital, recovering from two broken knee caps and a fractured jaw.[10]
1920 – On July 11, Charles Stephens from Bristol went over the falls in a barrel. Bobby Leach and William "Red" Hill, Sr. urged Stephens to test his barrel over the falls before attempting the stunt, but he refused. When the barrel was recovered at the foot of the falls, the ballast had pulled Stephen's body out of the barrel, leaving just his right arm in the safety harness.[12]
1928 – On July 4, Jean Lussier went over the falls in a large ball with a spring steel frame and a rubber covering.[13]
1930 – On July 4, George Stathakis, a Greek immigrant working as a chef in Buffalo, New York, went over the falls in a barrel. Upon impact, the barrel was stuck behind a curtain of water and could not be recovered for 18 hours. Stathakis had an air supply of up to eight hours – although he had survived the initial fall, he died of suffocation.[14] Stathakis took the plunge with his pet turtle, which was said to be around 150 years old. The turtle survived the ordeal.[15][16]
1930 – On September 5, the body of an unidentified woman went over the American Falls; the remains were seen in the lower river but sank.[17]
1951 – On August 5, William "Red" Hill, Jr. (son of William "Red" Hill, Sr.) went over the falls in a craft he named "The Thing". The vessel broke apart on impact and Hill was killed; his body was found the following day.[18]
1960 – On July 9, a seven-year-old American boy named Roger Woodward was swept over the falls. Woodward, his sister Deanne and boat driver James Honeycutt were in a 12-foot (3.7 m) aluminium fishing boat powered by a 7.5 horsepower (5.6 kW) motor which capsized. Roger, who was wearing a lifejacket and remained buoyant, was rescued by the Maid of the Mist at the bottom of the falls; Deanne was pulled from the river 20 feet (6.1 m) from the lip of the falls by two bystanders—John Hayes and John Quattrochi.[3][19] Honeycutt died in the accident.[19]
1961 – On July 15, Nathan Boya (also known as William Fitzgerald) went over the falls in a rubber ball nicknamed the "Plunge-O-Sphere". The ball hit rocks on impact and bounced, but Boya was uninjured.[20]
1981 – On August 29, Dunia Sayegh, a 28-year-old resident of Toronto, dropped her two-month-old son, Hesham, over the railing and into the river just up from the brink of Horseshoe Falls on the Canadian side, whereupon he was quickly swept over the falls. The boy's body was never found. Sayegh was arrested and charged with second-degree murder.[21][22][23] The charges were dismissed after Sayegh claimed she accidentally dropped the child after suffering a dizzy spell.
1984 – On July 3, Karel Soucek went over the falls in a barrel. He emerged with only minor injuries to his face, caused by his wristwatch on impact with the water.[24] Soucek's descent was reported to be 75 miles per hour (121 km/h), and it took 45 minutes for the barrel to be recovered.[24]
1985 – On August 18, Steve Trotter went over the falls in a barrel. It was his second attempt – his first, in November 1984, was foiled by the police.[25] Trotter's third attempt (on June 18, 1995) was also successful, when he went over the falls with Lori Martin.[25]
1985 – On October 5, David Munday went over the falls in a barrel.[26] During his second attempt, in 1990, the barrel became lodged at the top of the falls and was removed by crane. His third attempt, in 1993, was successful.[26]
1989 – On September 28, Peter De Bernardi and Jeffery James Petkovich went over the falls in a reinforced barrel. Their stunt was to draw attention to an anti-drugs campaign.[10][27]
1990 – On June 5, Jesse Sharp went over the falls in a whitewater canoe. He intended to continue paddling downriver after the fall, and had made dinner reservations at a restaurant in Lewiston, 4 miles (6.4 km) downstream. After beginning the plunge he quickly disappeared into the falls and although his kayak was later found; his body was never recovered. Sharp decided not to wear a life jacket in case it impeded an escape should he get trapped under the falls, and refused to wear a helmet in order to keep his face recognizable to cameras.[28]
1995 – On October 1, Robert Overacker went over the falls on a Jet Ski to raise awareness for the homeless. His rocket-propelled parachute failed to open and he plunged to his death. Overacker's body was recovered the next day and he was pronounced dead at Niagara General Hospital.[29][30]
2003 – On October 22, Kirk Jones went over the falls. He became the first person to survive the drop without any aid in the fall, having swum from approximately 100 yards (91 m) before swimming over the falls. Jones and his friends had been drinking before the incident, and had planned to record the event—although his friends were not able to operate the recorder. Jones was fined $2,300 and banned for life from entering Canada.[10] Jones has said that his going over the falls was a suicide attempt rather than a stunt.[31]
2009 – On March 10, an unnamed man attempted suicide over the falls. In the attempt, his clothes were ripped from his body and he suffered shock and a laceration to the head, but survived.[3]
2011 – On May 26, an unidentified woman was killed after she was swept over Horseshoe Falls. Reports suggest that she appeared alive on approaching the brink, but was declared dead on arrival of the rescue boat.[32]
2011 – On August 14, Ayano Tokumasu—a Japanese exchange student—was swept over the falls. Niagara Parks Police surveillance cameras show Tokumasu climbing onto the railing near the water's edge and sitting on a pillar block. At about 8:30 p.m. she stood up, lost her footing, and fell over the edge into the Niagara River, approximately 20 metres (66 ft) upstream from the falls.[33][34][35] Her body was recovered on August 18.[36]
2012 – On May 21, an unidentified man in his early 40s became the fourth person[5] to survive an unprotected trip over Horseshoe Falls. Eyewitness reports indicate that he "deliberately jumped" into the Niagara River after climbing over a railing. He suffered broken ribs, a collapsed lung and lacerations.[37]
2017 – On April 19, Kirk Jones, the same man who went over the falls unprotected in 2003, attempted it again, this time inside an inflatable ball. He did not survive. The ball was picked up afterward by boat, and Jones's body was recovered on June 2.[38]
2017 – On October 15, an unnamed 10-year-old boy fell between 30 and 60 metres (98 and 197 ft) into the Niagara gorge after losing his balance on a railing along the gorge. He was airlifted to hospital with non life-threatening injuries.[39]
2018 – On December 16 at roughly 10:30 am, an elderly man was seen entering the Canadian side of the falls. His body was briefly seen at the base of the falls but disappeared shortly after.[40][41]
2019 – On July 8 at roughly 4 am, officers responded to a report of a person in crisis at the brink of the Canadian side of the falls. Once officers got to the scene, the man climbed the retaining wall, jumped into the river and went over the Horseshoe Falls. Authorities subsequently began to search the lower Niagara River basin, where the man was found sitting on the rocks at the water’s edge.[42]
Animals[edit]
Fish regularly swim down the falls. The rapids upstream are rich in nutrients which draw fish in, and the currents can disorient them sufficiently to cause them to go over the falls. More fish survive the fall over Horseshoe Falls than the American Falls, due to the latter's talus.[3] At one point, a tourist was grazed at the Cave of the Winds when a salmon was swept over the falls and hit him.[43]
Instances of waterfowl being swept over the falls have been recorded, particularly when disoriented in foggy weather.[43]
In 1827, William Forsyth, a hotel owner, bought a schooner called Michigan. He filled it with a buffalo, two small bears, two raccoons, and a dog. Some reports say two foxes, fifteen geese, and an eagle were also included. After the schooner was sent adrift, the two bears jumped free and swam to Goat Island. The rest of the animals, with the exception of the goose, perished going over the Falls.[44][45]
On October 19[46] or 22, 1901, a cat named Lagara (or Iagara) was sent over the falls in a barrel and survived; the trip was just days before Annie Edson Taylor's attempt and was a test of the barrel's strength.[46]
On July 5, 1930, a turtle named Sonny went over the falls in a barrel with its owner, George Stathakis. The massive barrel survived the fall, but became trapped beneath the falls for hours. Stathakis suffocated and died, but the turtle, believed to be around 150 years old, survived.[15][16]
Inanimate objects[edit]
George Tattersall's The Destruction of the Caroline (c. 1837), a depiction of the Caroline aflame before going over the falls
1829 – On November 23, a schooner named the Superior went over the falls. It was a deliberate event that was originally scheduled to coincide with Sam Patch's stunt, but the ship was caught in the falls' whirlpools and rested on rocks in shallow water for a month until stronger currents took it over the falls.[44]
1837 – On December 29, the steamer Caroline was set alight and sent over the falls during the Upper Canada Rebellion. The events were part of the Caroline affair.[3]
1990 – In the March 30, 1990 television special The Magic of David Copperfield XII: The Niagara Falls Challenge, an enclosed raft allegedly containing famous illusionist David Copperfield was shown going over the falls. Moments later, Copperfield is seen rising triumphantly over the lip of the falls suspended from a helicopter. As is customary among professional magicians, Copperfield has not revealed the mechanics behind the illusion. Since it was billed as an illusion rather than a stunt, it is likely that Copperfield was not actually in the raft when it plunged over the falls.
^ Rosenberg-Naparsteck, Ruth (1991), "The Real Simon Pure Sam Patch" (PDF), Rochester History, LII (3): 7, ISSN 0035-7413, retrieved July 29, 2011
^ a b c d e f Conheady, Matthew (2011), Niagara Falls Frequently Asked Questions, NYFalls, retrieved July 29, 2011
^ Croisdale, Frank Thomas (2009), God Plays Joke on Suicidal Loser, Niagara Falls Reporter, retrieved August 1, 2011
^ a b c Lendon, Brad (2012), After Niagara suicide attempts, questions about how and why, CNN, retrieved May 26, 2012
^ Lee, Stacy (2014), You'll Be Shocked How Many People Die on Niagara Falls!, The Key 98.3, retrieved November 16, 2018
^ a b Zeller, Bob (2005). The Blue and Gray in Black and White: A History of Civil War Photography. Greenwood. pp. 11–13. ISBN 9780275982430. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
^ "Pittsburg dispatch. (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, July 30, 1892, Image 7". Pittsburgh dispatch. 30 July 1892. p. 7. Retrieved 1 April 2019.
^ Pittsburg dispatch., July 30, 1892, Page 7, Image 7 accessed March 15,2019
^ a b c d Niagara Falls Live (2011), Daredevils of Niagara Falls, Buffalo Republican, archived from the original on July 23, 2011, retrieved July 29, 2011
^ New York Times (1903), DELEHANTY'S BODY FOUND, New York Times, retrieved August 14, 2012
^ Obringer, Lee Ann (2011), How Going Over Niagara Works, How Stuff Works, p. 7, retrieved July 29, 2011
^ Obringer, Lee Ann (2011), How Going Over Niagara Works, How Stuff Works, p. 9, retrieved July 29, 2011 }
^ a b Critical Past (1930), George L Stathakis smothers to death plunging over Niagara Falls in a barrel with his pet 150-year-old turtle. Turtle lives, Critical Past, retrieved February 18, 2013
^ a b Niagara Daredevils (2012), George Stathakis, Niagara Daredevils, retrieved February 18, 2013
^ Body Over Falls, The Telegraph, 1930, retrieved November 15, 2018
^ Obringer, Lee Ann (2011), How Going Over Niagara Works, How Stuff Works, p. 10, retrieved July 29, 2011
^ a b Info Niagara (2011), Account of Roger Woodward's Niagara Falls Incident, retrieved July 29, 2011
^ New York Times (1981), AROUND THE WORLD; Mother Drops Infant Into Niagara Falls, New York Times, retrieved April 12, 2013
^ Lewiston Journal (1981), Bail denied to mother who threw baby over falls, Lewiston Journal, retrieved April 12, 2013
^ Lewiston Journal (1981), Mother drops baby into Niagara Falls, Lewiston Journal, retrieved April 12, 2013
^ a b Obringer, Lee Ann (2011), How Going Over Niagara Works, How Stuff Works, p. 12, retrieved July 29, 2011
^ Info Niagara (2011), Peter Debernardi & Geoffrey Petkovich, retrieved July 29, 2011
^ Info Niagara (2011), Jesse Sharp, retrieved July 29, 2011
^ Baker, David R (1995), Californian Killed in Niagara Falls Stunt, Los Angeles Times, retrieved August 17, 2013
^ Info Niagara (2011), Robert Overacker, retrieved July 29, 2011
^ Niagara Frontier (2012), Kirk Jones – Interview with a Daredevil, retrieved February 1, 2016
^ Lendon, Brad (2011), Woman swept to death over Niagara Falls, CNN, retrieved July 29, 2011
^ CBC (2011), Niagara Falls victim identified as Japanese student, CBC News, retrieved August 17, 2011
^ Associated Press (2011), Woman swept over Niagara Falls, presumed drowned, Yahoo! News, retrieved August 15, 2011
^ BBC (August 15, 2011), Japan student swept over Canadian Niagara Falls, BBC News, retrieved 16 August 2011
^ Associated Press (2011), Body of Japanese teen found below Niagara Falls, MSNBC News, retrieved August 20, 2011
^ Warner, Gene (2012), Woman swept to death over Niagara Falls, Buffalo News, retrieved May 26, 2012
^ Davis, Clint (June 16, 2017), Man dies taking Niagara Falls plunge inside inflatable ball, Buffalo, NY: WKBW News, retrieved August 5, 2017
^ "Boy tumbles from railing at Niagara Falls, police investigate". 16 October 2017.
^ "Search underway for man who went over Niagara Falls". WKBW. 16 December 2018.
^ Ross, Franz (17 December 2018). "Crews searching for man who went over Canadian side of Niagara Falls". WIVB.
^ "Man goes over Horseshoe Falls, survives with non-life threatening injuries". WIVB. 8 July 2019.
^ a b Berketa, Rick (2011), Frequently Asked Questions, Niagara Falls - Thunder Alley, retrieved July 29, 2011
^ a b Rosenberg-Naparsteck, Ruth (1991), "The Real Simon Pure Sam Patch" (PDF), Rochester History, LII (3): 8, ISSN 0035-7413, retrieved July 29, 2011 }
^ Censor, Fredonia (1829), Superior (Schooner), went over falls, Buffalo Republican, retrieved July 29, 2011
^ a b Adams, Guy (March 13, 2009), Man survives plunge over Niagara Falls, London: The Independent, retrieved July 29, 2011
Ontario portal
New York portal
Retrieved from "https:/w/index.php?title=List_of_objects_that_have_gone_over_Niagara_Falls&oldid=905531641"
Articles needing cleanup from August 2018
All pages needing cleanup
Cleanup tagged articles with a reason field from August 2018
Wikipedia pages needing cleanup from August 2018
Related to List of objects that have gone over Niagara Falls
Matthew Webb
Captain Matthew Webb was the first recorded person to swim the English Channel for sport without the use of artificial aids. In 1875, Webb swam from Dover to Calais in less than 22 hours. This brought him great celebrity, and he performed many stunts in public. He died trying to swim the Whirlpool Rapids below Niagara Falls, a feat declared impossible.
David Copperfield (illusionist)
David Seth Kotkin, known professionally as David Copperfield, is an American magician, described by Forbes as the most commercially successful magician in history.
Sam Patch
Sam Patch, known as "The Jersey Jumper", "The Daring Yankee", or the "Yankee Leaper" became the first famous American daredevil after successfully jumping from a raised platform into the Niagara River near the base of Niagara Falls in 1829.
Annie Edson Taylor
Annie Edson Taylor was an American schoolteacher who, on her 63rd birthday, October 24, 1901, became the first person to survive a trip over Niagara Falls in a barrel. Her motives were financial but she never made much money from her adventure.
Lincoln Beachey
Lincoln Beachey was a pioneer American aviator and barnstormer. He became famous and wealthy from flying exhibitions, staging aerial stunts, helping invent aerobatics, and setting aviation records.
Steve Trotter
Steve Trotter is a daredevil who is the youngest person to have gone over Niagara Falls in a barrel. He is one of only a few people to have performed the stunt twice. He has also performed other illegal stunts.
Bobby Leach
Bobby Leach born Cornwall, England was the second person to go over Niagara Falls in a barrel, after Annie Taylor, accomplishing the feat on July 25, 1911. He spent six months in the hospital recovering from injuries he sustained during the fall, which included two broken knee caps and a fractured jaw. Leach had been a performer with the Barnum and Bailey Circus and was no stranger to stunting. Prior to his trip over the falls he owned a restaurant on Bridge Street and would boast to customers that anything Annie could do, he could do better.
Karel Soucek
Karel Soucek was a Canadian professional stuntman who went over Niagara Falls in a barrel in 1984. He lived in Hamilton, Ontario.
Pirate Treasure
Pirate Treasure is a 1934 Universal film serial. It was the twenty-first sound serial released by Universal, of the sixty-nine they released in total. It was a rare example of the swashbuckling genre in the film serial medium.
William "Red" Hill Sr.
William "Red" Hill Sr. was a Canadian daredevil and rescuer, born in Niagara Falls, Ontario in 1888. In 1896 he received his first medal for bravery when he rescued his sister from their burning house which was followed by a life-saving medal in 1912, achieving the status as a local hero. Hill would go on to receive a total of four medals in addition to being credited with saving 28 lives and the recovery of 177 accident and suicide victims from the Niagara River just below the Falls. His reputation grew as a renowned Canadian daredevil in 1930 with a five-hour journey in a 6-foot-long (1.8 m) steel barrel which began just below the falls at the Maid of the Mist boat landing and through the treacherous Niagara lower rapids ending up several miles down stream at Queenston, Ontario.
Nikolas Wallenda is an American acrobat, aerialist, daredevil, high wire artist, and author. He is known for his high-wire performances without a safety net. He holds nine Guinness World Records for various acrobatic feats, but is best known as the first person to walk a tightrope stretched directly over Niagara Falls.
Niagara Fools
Niagara Fools is the 71st animated cartoon short subject in the Woody Woodpecker series. Released theatrically on October 22, 1956, the film was produced by Walter Lantz Productions and distributed by Universal International.
Suzette Mayr
Suzette Mayr is a Canadian poet and novelist who has written three critically acclaimed novels. Currently an associate professor at the University of Calgary's Faculty of Arts, Mayr's writing and teaching is often focused on issues of race and ethnicity in Canadian culture. Mayr's works have been nominated for several literary awards.
Charles Stephens (daredevil)
Charles Stephens or Demon Barber of Bedminster was an English barber and daredevil. Stephens was the first person to die attempting to go over Niagara Falls in a barrel. He is also the third person and second man to attempt this stunt. A barber living and working in Bristol, Stephens started performing stunts to support his family, which included his wife, Annie, and their 11 children. Charles moved to Ferndale in the Rhondda Valleys where he worked as a barber.
Patalpani waterfall
The Patalpani Waterfall is located in Mhow Tehsil of Indore district in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India. The waterfall is approximately 300 feet high. The area around Patalpani is a popular picnic and trekking spot.
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25278
|
__label__cc
| 0.742163
| 0.257837
|
Who Knew? Not All Acne is the Same, Are You Treating Yours Wrong?
Acne has several different faces—and, as you’re probably aware, none of them are pretty. Because we’re constantly receiving questions from readers as to why their blemishes persist, we’ve been able to gain some insight into how many people go about treating different types of acne. Here, we’re calling out the most common mistakes we come across. Are you guilty?
WHAT THEY LOOK LIKE: Appropriately, blackheads look like small, black dots—and there’s no redness or inflammation associated with them.
MOST COMMON TREATMENT MISTAKE: Because many people don’t think of blackheads as a type of acne, they tend not to use products with acne-fighting ingredients. They often reach for pore-cleansing strips, whose results usually prove mediocre at best.
HOW TO GET RID OF THEM THE RIGHT WAY: When you consider why this form of acne appears black (because a pore has become clogged with excess oil and bacteria that has oxidized) it makes sense that one recommended course of action entails pore-clearing salicylic acid.
WHAT THEY LOOK LIKE: Like blackheads, whiteheads pop up because a pore is clogged with oil and bacteria. Unlike blackheads, whiteheads are covered by a thin layer of skin, which prevents the pore’s contents from becoming oxidized and turning black. That’s why they look white, flesh-toned, or yellowish.
MOST COMMON TREATMENT MISTAKE: We get it: squeezing whiteheads is tempting. But it’s far and away the most common mistake there is in treating the issue. When you squeeze a whitehead, bacteria from your hands can get into the blemish, causing further irritation. The acne bacteria can also spread to other areas of your face, which will result in more blemishes.
HOW TO GET RID OF THEM THE RIGHT WAY Whiteheads don’t stand a chance against the classic combination of salicylic acid and benzoyl peroxide. The former provides a means of gentle chemical exfoliation, so that the latter has the opportunity to get in the pore and do what it’s great at: killing the bacteria that causes acne in the first place.
PAPULES AND PUSTULES
WHAT THEY LOOK LIKE: They’re not classified as inflammatory acne for nothing: inflammation and redness are the main characteristics of these two types of acne. If you see pus, it’s a pustule; if you see just a red blemish that seems to live beneath the surface of your skin, that’s a papule.
MOST COMMON TREATMENT MISTAKE: This sort of acne represents the final phase in a cycle that actually takes about two weeks from start to finish. With that in mind, using a spot treatment is an exercise in futility—these products will help to get rid of visible blemishes, but do nothing to keep them from coming back.
HOW TO GET RID OF THEM THE RIGHT WAY: The best approach for treating these incredibly bothersome blemishes is a comprehensive regimen designed to treat and prevent at the same time. Also, it’s important that anyone suffering from severe or cystic acne see a dermatologist for a recommended course of action.
A COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH TO TREATING ACNE
Because it’s a simple 3-step regimen—you cleanse, you treat, and you moisturize—Proactiv+ takes all the guesswork out of getting clear skin for those suffering from mild to moderate acne. It leverages salicylic acid and benzoyl peroxide to clear and help prevent blemishes—and given that it utilizes a unique delivery system to administer benzoyl peroxide in step 2, it does so while minimizing irritation.
Here’s the real kicker, though: Proactiv+ has been shown to clear acne four times faster than a leading topical prescription. *Pretty impressive, if you ask us. But, considering this is a brand that was invented by dermatologists and has been around for 20 years, it’s not that surprising, either.
If you’re ready to give Proactiv+ a try, you’ll be thrilled to know that they’re actually offering the 3-step regimen—plus free shipping and a free gift—for only $29.95 right now. And, in the event that you get it, try it, and it doesn’t work for you, you can send back the bottles within 60 days and get a full refund less shipping and handling. So,there’s no worry.
Click here to take advantage of this special offer and try Proactiv+ now!
*Based on a user perception study after a total of 13 weeks of use.
Still Have Questions? Get More Info Here ...
Is Soap Hurting Your Skin? 3 Tips For Choosing A Better Cleanser
Are Hormones Making You Break Out?
$200 vs. $20: How To Get More For Your Money
Should I Pop My Pimple? Fact vs. Fiction
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25282
|
__label__cc
| 0.729888
| 0.270112
|
Home » Large Animal Health Topics
Sinusitis in Horses
Dental disease, Empyema, Endoscopy (sinoscopy), Nasal discharge, Sinus disease, Trephination, Sinusitis
The sinuses are air-filled cavities within the head of the horse. The sinuses also accommodate some of the maxillary premolar and molar tooth roots (upper cheek teeth), facilitate passage of facial nerves, and extend around (above and below) the horse’s eyes and end around the facial crest. The horse’s head has uniquely adapted itself and developed six pairs of paranasal sinuses—the frontal, sphenopalatine and maxillary sinuses, and the dorsal, middle and ventral conchal sinuses. The maxillary sinus is the largest paranasal sinus and is divided into two parts (rostral and caudal) by a thin septum. Many of the sinuses also communicate with one another: the maxillary sinus communicates with the frontal sinus, and the frontal sinus has a large communication with the dorsal conchal sinus. In healthy horses, mucus produced by the lining of the sinuses flows freely through the sinuses and into the nasal passages. The bone overlying the sinuses is very thin, and can be easily distorted by disease.
Sinusitis refers to inflammation or infection of one or more of the paranasal sinuses, and it is the most commonly encountered disease of the paranasal sinuses. It is classified as either primary or secondary, and acute or chronic. Primary sinusitis is defined as an infection in the sinus, usually bacterial in origin, which results in a buildup of pus within the sinus. Primary sinusitis is typically the result of an infection in the upper respiratory tract and it is most frequently caused by Streptococcus species of bacteria. It usually involves all paranasal sinus cavities, but may be confined to the ventral conchal sinus. More commonly however, is secondary sinusitis. Secondary sinusitis is an infection of the paranasal sinuses as a result of another primary cause, such as tooth root infection, bone fracture, or sinus cyst. The last four cheek teeth are most likely to cause a secondary sinusitis, as these teeth are contained within the maxillary sinuses. Empyema refers to purulent exudate within the sinus, but is not necessarily synonymous with chronic sinusitis.
The most common sign of sinusitis (either primary or secondary) is nasal discharge. The nasal discharge usually occurs on the side of the affected sinus (unilateral) only (Figure 1). The appearance and character of the discharge is variable, and may contain pus or blood, with or without an odor. Other clinical signs include:
Unilateral facial swelling (Figure 2)
Epiphora (tearing of the eye
Dull percussion of the sinuses
Inspiratory noise
Your veterinarian will start by performing a complete physical examination before any other diagnostics. Additional diagnostics may include.
Endoscopy: Endoscopy of the nasal passages and throat can help characterize where the nasal discharge is originating. Purulent material, a mass, or blood can sometimes be seen in the nasal passages originating from the nasomaxillary opening (Figure 3).
Radiographs (X-rays): Head radiographs may reveal fluid lines, sinus cysts, solid masses, or changes in the surrounding bone associated with dental disease or neoplasia (Figure 4). If there is a large amount of exudate, it may be difficult to identify the cause of the sinusitis on radiographs, and the exudate may need to be removed to enhance radiographic evaluation.
Sinocentesis: Sinocentesis involves making a small hole through the bone into the sinus and is used to obtain a sample of fluid from the sinus for examination and culture. This can usually be performed standing. The hole can also be used to lavage the sinus if purulent material (pus) is present.
Sinoscopy: Sinoscopy is performed by making a small opening through the bone overlying the sinus and inserting a flexible endoscope into the sinus to evaluate (and potentially treat) the underlying condition. This is usually performed under standing sedation.
Computed Tomography (CT): A CT scan can help characterize sinus disease most completely by providing a 3D image of the sinuses and surrounding structures. Typically CT scans require general anesthesia but they are rarely indicated in the initial stages of diagnosis.
Regardless of whether the sinusitis is primary or secondary, the goal of treatment is to treat the underlying cause of the sinusitis and to restore the horse’s natural sinus drainage mechanisms.
Primary paranasal sinusitis usually resolves with systemic antibiotic therapy and lavage. The exception is when the exudate becomes inspissated and obstructs appropriate flow through the nasal passages. In cases of secondary sinusitis, the primary disease must also be treated in order to fully resolve the sinusitis. Surgical treatments that may be used to remove exudate and provide additional drainage, if necessary, include sinus trephination and sinusotomy.
Sinus trephination: Trephination of the affected sinus allows the sinus to be lavaged and antibiotics instilled directly into the sinus if indicated. Trephination is performed under standing sedation and local anesthesia. A small circle of bone overlying the affected sinus is removed (~10 mm) and a catheter can be inserted into the hole and maintained for multiple days to facilitate regular irrigation and flushing (Figure 5). Fluid and discharge produced from the nostrils is a good sign, and indicates a patent route for drainage from the sinus. The number of flushes depends on the degree and character of infection. Repeat endoscopy and lack of continued nasal discharge are two ways to assess the sinusitis has resolved..
Sinusotomy: If the sinusitis persists or if good drainage cannot be established, more aggressive surgical management may be required. A sinusotomy, or bone flap is created under general anesthesia into the affected sinus (Figure 6). The sinus may be cleaned and appropriate drainage into the nasal passage can be established. Bleeding can be a complication of sinus surgery, but this depends on the exact cause of the sinusitis. The sinus may be packed to help reduce bleeding, and this pressure packing is typically removed a day or two after surgery through the nostril with the horse standing.
In cases of secondary sinusitis caused by dental disease, the affected tooth may be removed under standing sedation or general anesthesia. The tooth socket is typically flushed and packed with a non-absorbable material after removal to prevent recontamination of the sinus.
Anti-inflammatories are typically used for all cases of sinusitis, to help reduce any swelling or discomfort associated with the condition or surgical procedures. Ideally bacterial culture and sensitivity are used to select an appropriate antibiotic for lavage of the affected sinus(es). In some cases, systemic antibiotics or antifungal medications may also be indicated.
The duration of hospitalization for sinusitis depends on the underlying cause for the condition, and ranges from less than a day to several days. Repeat evaluation is likely needed to confirm the sinusitis has completely resolved. If the cause for the sinusitis was related to a tooth, repeat dental evaluation will likely be necessary.
Overall, the cosmetic results of equine sinus surgery are usually good. A small depression may be palpable at the surgical site, but is typically not noticeable to the naked eye. Horses with primary or secondary sinusitis typically have a good to excellent prognosis for return to function/athletic performance after appropriate treatment. If the cause of the sinusitis is treated appropriately and completely, it is unlikely the condition will recur in the future.
Dental disease
Endoscopy (sinoscopy)
Nasal discharge
Sinus disease
Trephination
Large Animal Health Topic Feedback Form
Back to large animal health topics
Search Large Animal Health Topics
Large Animal Health Topics
- Select a Health Topic - Abomasal Displacement and Abomasal Volvulus in Cows Angular Limb Deviation in Horses Cesarean Section in Cattle Colic in Adult Cattle Colic in Horses Cryptorchidism (Undescended Testicles) in Horses Dorsal Displacement of the Soft Palate Fractures in Horses (Surgical Repair) Fractures in Horses - Emergency First Aid and Stabilization General Wound Management in Horses Granulosa Cell Tumors of the Equine Ovary Guttural Pouch Mycosis Lameness in Horses Laminitis in Horses Laryngeal Hemiplegia in Horses Ophthalmology Surgical Emergencies in Horses Osteochondritis Dissecans (OCD) in Horses Patent Urachus in Foals Regenerative Medicine in Equine Surgery Septic Synovitis Sinusitis in Horses Skin Tumors in Horses Standing Equine Laparoscopic Ovariectomy Subsolar Abscess and Coffin Bone Osteomyelitis Temporohyoid Osteoarthropathy Umbilical Masses / Hernias in Calves Urolithiasis in Small Ruminants
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25283
|
__label__wiki
| 0.713623
| 0.713623
|
Addiction Relapse
Addicts Living in Fear of Addiction Relapse
Drug addiction in the UK is on the rise, and it is extremely concerning for the many experts who have recorded the rapidly increasing trend. With drug addiction comes the fear of addiction relapse, frustrated loved ones, and a host of drug-related illnesses. In many cases, the addict is so wrapped up in his or her substance abuse that he/she does not even realise the strain being put on relationships, ultimately leaving loved ones extremely distressed and upset.
A recent investigation conducted by the Liverpool Echo has found that Liverpool has the highest rate of hospital admissions due to drugs in the country – a statistic that comes as a shocking revelation to many of the city’s residents.
Comparisons in Different Factors
The purpose of this investigation was to look into the effects of drug use in Liverpool. The Echo looked at the comparisons in different factors to establish which areas were the most negatively impacted by drugs, and how these same factors are affecting communities across the UK. These included hospital admissions due to drugs or alcohol, drug- or alcohol-related deaths, car accidents due to drugs or alcohol, the volume of drugs seized by police, and drug-related crime in each area.
Not Surprising
Liverpool was branded the third worst area in the UK for drug issues, behind Middlesbrough and top-of-the-list Hartlepool. Liverpool had the highest rate of hospital admissions due to drugs, with a concerning 2,300 admissions in the period between 2014 and 2015. Most of these were because of behavioural disorders or mental health issues that were linked to substance abuse, although a few were admitted for overdoses. Many of these individuals went on to have an addiction relapse in the following months. Between 2013 and 2015, there were around 110 drug-related deaths in Liverpool, which is a shocking figure.
Alcohol and drug expert for Liverpool council’s public health team, Ian Canning, explained that these statistics were ‘not surprising’, although he had seen a noticeable drop in young drug abusers. He added, “People have been taking opiates for their whole life. Historically, Liverpool has had this problem – people have been using heroin for decades – and we’re starting to narrow the gap. Addicts are physically demising at an earlier age than non-addicts.”
Very Challenging Times
Dr Yasir Abbasi, director and consultant at rehabilitation centre Addaction Services, explained, “These are very challenging times for the NHS in general, and we are doing a lot more with a lot less and making the public pound stretch further. Reduction in funding for [the centre’s] services is likely to have an impact on society as a whole.”
He added that the stigma around addiction and the media portraying addicts as criminals as opposed to people who are suffering from an illness is partially to blame for the issue. He said, “We need to provide a full set of holistic treatment packages for people with addiction problems and reduce harm as much as we can. It is clear providing treatment alone, without additional support like employment, housing and skills, has limited and inconsistent outcomes.”
Robust and Proactive Approach
Liverpool was found to be the seventh worst city for drug-related crime in the UK. Up to August 2016, there were 3,079 drug-related crimes that took place in the city in a twelve-month period. The research has also found that there are less young drug abusers and that it is older users who are finding that they have an array of health issues requiring medical assistance. In 2012 and 2013, 32 per cent of behavioural disorder and mental health hospital admissions due to drug use were under 40s, while in 2015 and 2016, this figure had decreased to just 25 per cent.
Merseyside Police revealed that they had seized 49kg of cannabis and resin, 23kg of heroin and almost 25,000 cannabis plants, among other drugs. A spokesperson commented, “We will continue to take a robust and proactive approach, to arrest those involved, bring them to justice and remove these drugs, to keep our streets safe.”
Successfully Helped Many
If you are suffering from a drug addiction but do not want to go through treatment because you are worried about an addiction relapse, then contact us here at Addiction Helper. Please do not let the fear of an addiction relapse prevent you from accessing the help you need. We have helped many people in the same situation as you who have gone on to successfully lead a happy, sober life, with relapse prevention forming a large part of their rehabilitation treatment.
Our staff are dedicated to helping you overcome your addiction and want nothing more than for you to go on to live a sober life afterwards. If you have any further queries, contact us here today.
Source: Liverpool worst in UK for drug admissions to hospital, ECHO investigation reveals (Liverpool Echo)
Myths About Relapse
Preventing Alcohol Relapse
The Risk of Relapse for Recovering Addicts
Addiction Relapse and Overdose
Picking Yourself up after an Addiction Relapse
Mindfulness Meditation Might Help Prevent Relapse
Why You Need to Be Alert to Addiction Relapse Triggers
Why It Is So Important to Avoid Addiction Relapse
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25285
|
__label__wiki
| 0.900577
| 0.900577
|
Trump suggests he’s open to border deal as lawmakers scramble to resolve late snags
Author: Erica Werner, John Wagner, Mike DeBonis, The Washington Post
WASHINGTON - Lawmakers slogged toward completion of a massive spending bill and border security compromise Wednesday, preparing to pass it and send it to President Donald Trump in time to avoid a government shutdown Friday at midnight.
The mood in the Capitol was less of enthusiasm than relief as negotiators finalized legislation that would end, for now, political brinkmanship over Trump's demands for money for a southern border wall. Those demands produced the nation's longest partial government shutdown before it ended late last month after 35 days.
The days of negotiations that followed produced a deal offering Trump less than a quarter of the $5.7 billion he wanted for barriers along the U.S.-Mexico border. Nevertheless, Trump is expected to sign the bill - although the president has changed his mind at the last minute before, creating a level of uncertainty.
Lawmakers were aiming to finalize the legislation late Wednesday, and votes were expected in the House and the Senate on Thursday. The bill is expected to pass. Trump said that he has to see the final deal before deciding whether he can support it, but he reiterated his insistence that regardless of what Congress does, the border wall will get built.
"We will get the job done. The wall is very, very on its way. It's happening as we speak," Trump said at an event with law enforcement officials.
"It's a big wall. It's a strong wall. It's a wall that people aren't going through very easy," Trump said. "They would be able to climb Mount Everest easier."
Despite Trump's claims, the government has not completed any new sections of wall under his administration.
Earlier, addressing reporters at the White House, Trump repeated his suggestion that he will be taking some type of executive action to get additional money for the wall, saying, "We have options that most people don't understand." Republicans widely expect the president to try to move money from existing accounts, including one or more within the Pentagon budget, to add to the border barrier money appropriated by Congress, although Democrats say they will challenge such efforts.
Trump also said: "I don't want to see a shutdown. A shutdown would be a terrible thing."
Lawmakers grappled with a series of last-minute disputes Wednesday as they sought to finalize the deal, including an ultimately unsuccessful push by Democrats to include back pay for thousands of federal contractors who were caught up in the last shutdown, and - unlike the 800,000 affected federal workers - have not been able to recoup their lost wages. There was also a dispute over whether to include an extension of the Violence Against Women Act, which expires Friday. Ultimately, negotiators omitted an extension, but Democrats who are working on a stronger stand-alone bill argued there will now be a greater impetus to get it done and said the expiration will have little impact because grants under the law will continue.
The overall compromise, struck by a bipartisan group of lawmakers on Congress's spending committees, includes $1.375 billion for 55 miles of new fences along the border in Texas, compared with $5.7 billion Trump had sought for 234 miles of steel walls. It contains language Democratic negotiators say should limit detention capacity by the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement agency, although Republicans insist ICE will be able to maintain and even increase existing detention levels, and some liberals said Wednesday they oppose the legislation for that reason.
According to a document outlining some details of the deal, viewed by The Washington Post, the bill will provide $49.4 billion for the Homeland Security Department for the 2019 budget year, an increase of $1.7 billion above 2018 levels. The legislation also includes policy provisions specifying that members of Congress cannot be barred from accessing any facility housing children, and it contains language aimed at making it easier for separated children to reunite with family members in the U.S.
Combined spending on ICE and the Customs and Border Protection agency is around $23 billion, a figure Trump has begun touting to praise the legislation's spending on border security.
The legislation wraps up Homeland Security spending with six other uncompleted appropriations bills for 2019, funding nine Cabinet departments and dozens of other agencies for a total price tag of around $324 billion. The other agencies covered include Commerce, Agriculture, Housing, State and the IRS, all of which would be funded through Sept. 30, the end of the fiscal year, presuming Trump signs the legislation. At that point, another fight over government funding - and, perhaps, the wall - will await.
Few lawmakers, even those who helped write it, had effusive praise for the package Wednesday. Instead, supporters described it as the best deal that could be achieved under the circumstances, and better than the alternatives: another government shutdown or a "continuing resolution" that would extend existing funding levels. House Democrats, in particular, argued against a continuing resolution because that approach would perpetuate spending agreements struck when Republicans controlled the House.
"We're not asking anybody to hold their nose, and we're not asking anybody to vote against their district," said Rep. Pete Aguilar, D-Calif., one of the negotiators. "I think what we're asking them to do is to weigh the competing interests of what's in this bill versus also what would happen if this bill didn't move forward and you had a continuing resolution. That's not ideal either for our values."
Some liberals said they would oppose the legislation, arguing there should be no money at all for new border barriers, and a stronger stand against the Trump administration's aggressive immigrant detentions.
"We shouldn't give him a penny for his wall. It was a political stunt," said Rep. Juan Vargas, D-Calif. "It's a total waste of money."
Some Republicans were also unenthusiastic, but Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., argued on the Senate floor in favor of passing the legislation anyway.
"It goes without saying that neither side is getting everything it wants. That's the way it goes in divided government," McConnell said. "If the text of the bill reflects the principles agreed to on Monday, it won't be a perfect deal - but it will be a good deal."
For some conservatives, though, the deal represented an abandonment by Trump of his core campaign promise to build a wall along the U.S.-Mexico border, a wall he long claimed Mexico would pay for. Some conservatives said it was crucial for Trump to take whatever additional steps he could on his own to fulfill that promise to his base.
"If he signed the bill, based on what has been reported and suggested is in the bill, and did nothing else, it would be political suicide," said Rep. Mark Meadows, R-N.C., a leader of the conservative House Freedom Caucus. "If he signed the bill, based on the way that we believe the bill to be, and takes other methods to obtain funding for additional border security measures, then I think there's very little political liability from conservatives."
A U.S. defense official, speaking on the condition of anonymity because of the sensitivity of the discussions, said Tuesday night that the administration is considering drawing Defense Department money from several accounts, including some that support High Intensity Drug Trafficking Areas, a program created by Congress in 1988 to provide assistance to local jurisdictions with demonstrated drug problems.
It was unclear Wednesday how much Defense Department funding the White House wants to reallocate. The Pentagon's 2019 budget includes $807.5 million for all of the U.S. military's counterdrug efforts. The defense official predicted there will be some friction if money used for programs like the drug trafficking initiative are reallocated for other purposes.
"There is a finite amount of money available, and it is definitely going to affect someone's operations," the defense official said. "If you were planning for something and now it's not there, that's going to change what you can do."
Democrats made clear they would object to efforts by the administration to reallocate funding appropriated by Congress, although some Republicans argued the administration could do so without congressional assent.
Aguilar said Democrats would call administration officials to testify on the Hill if they start moving money around in a way that violates the constitutional separation of powers.
"We're going to respect Article One of the Constitution here and do our job, which is to make sure that we appropriate funding to these agencies, and if they don't, they can expect to be up here quite a bit," he said.
The Washington Post’s Rachael Bade, Dan Lamothe, Damian Paletta, Robert Costa, Seung Min Kim and David Nakamura contributed to this report.
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25287
|
__label__wiki
| 0.512541
| 0.512541
|
Saskatoon student wins provincial competition for second time for lentil research
Ground-breaking research by a 17-year-old Saskatoon student investigating lentil disease resistance earned top prize in the Saskatchewan competition of the 2012 Sanofi BioGENEius Challenge Canada (SBCC).
Rui Song, a grade 11 Walter Murray Collegiate student, went on to win 2nd place in the national competition, held at the headquarters of the National Research Council in Ottawa on May 7, 2012. On June 18, Rui will join first place winner Janelle Tam from Ontario, to represent Canada in Boston at the Sanofi-sponsored International BioGENEius Challenge, taking place in conjunction with the BIO Annual International Convention.
In Saskatoon, Rui won the top $2,000 regional prize with her lentil research. Second place, earning a $1,200 prize was Kelly Zheng, Bedford Road Collegiate in Saskatoon for a project focusing on wheat research. The third prize went to Rebecca Green from St. Joseph’s High School in Saskatoon for a project that explored biogas production from canola straw.
“The most important thing that I feel I have received from the SBCC is an understanding and appreciation of the tremendous potential of research to change the world for the better, and the motivation to make myself a part of that potential,” commented Song. Rui also won the regional and national competitions in 2010 and was named one of the “Top 20 Under 20” by Youth in Motion last year. “The students in this competition represent some of the brightest young scientists in Saskatchewan and in Canada.
I congratulate them all on their outstanding achievements. Initiatives like these are key in encouraging youth to consider science as a career path and in fostering new talent in the innovative life sciences sector in our province,” said Carol Reynolds, regional coordinator for SBCC Saskatchewan.
“Over the past 19 years, we have helped more than 4,000 Canadian youth bring their passion, creativity and scientific ideas to life,” said Rick Levick, Executive Director, Bioscience Education Canada. The Sanofi BioGENEius Challenge Canada (SBCC) is unique because it partners participating students with mentors who have access to quality lab equipment and supplies. With the help of our community and sponsors across this country, we are creating a vital talent pool in Canada’s growing and important biotechnology sector.”
The 2012 Sanofi BioGENEius Challenge Canada (SBCC) saw students compete in nine regional competitions throughout April. This year, more than 240 high school and CEGEP students across Canada submitted 192 projects that range from exploring potential new drug treatments for Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis and cancer to using mold fungi as an alternative to traditional pesticides.
Read more For more information, please visit sanofibiogeneiuschallenge.ca
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25289
|
__label__wiki
| 0.91877
| 0.91877
|
TEST VALLEY BOROUGH COUNCIL
Parliamentary General Election Thursday 7 May 2015 North West Hampshire and Romsey & Southampton North Constituencies
3rd July 2015, 00:51 to 2nd August 2015, 00:51
Parliamentary General Election Thursday 7 May 2015
North West Hampshire and Romsey & Southampton North Constituencies
Return of Candidate Expenses
Notice is given that the returns and declarations as to expenses of the candidates standing in the UK Parliamentary general election held on Thursday 7 May 2015 in the constituencies above are available for public inspection at the Electoral Services Office (located at Test Valley Borough Council, Beech Hurst, Weyhill Road, Andover, Hampshire, SP10 3AJ) between the hours of 10:00am and 4:00pm on Mondays to Fridays (excepting bank holidays) for a period of two years after the date each respective return and declaration was submitted to me.
Roger Tetstall, Acting Returning Officer
TEST VALLEY BOROUGH COUNCIL Town and Country Planning Act 1990 (As Amended by Localism Act 2011) The Neighbourhood Planning (General) Regulations 2012, as amended
TEST VALLEY BOROUGH COUNCIL Town and Country Planning Act 1990 (As Amended by Localism Act 2011) The Neighbourhood Planning (General) Regulations
Town and Country Planning Act 1990 (As Amended by Localism Act 2011) The Neighbourhood Planning (General) Regulations 2012, as amended
Notice effective from Fri 18 Mar 16 to Sun 17 Apr 16
TEST VALLEY BOROUGH COUNCIL Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004
TEST VALLEY BOROUGH COUNCIL Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004 Town and Country Planning (Local Planning) (England) Regulations 2012
TEST VALLEY BOROUGH COUNCIL Town and Country Planning Act 1990 (As Amended by Localism Act 2011)
Test Valley Borough Comminity Infrastructure Levy
TEST VALLEY BOROUGH COUNCIL Town and Country Planning Act 2008 (Part 11) (as amended) Localism Act 2011 (Part 6) The Community Infrastructure
PLANNING AND COMPULSORY PURCHASE ACT
PLANNING AND COMPULSORY PURCHASE ACT 2004 (AS AMENDED) THE TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING (LOCAL PLANNING) (ENGLAND) REGULATIONS 2012 (AS AMENDED)
PLANNING AND COMPULSORY PURCHASE ACT 2004 (AS AMENDED) THE TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING (LOCAL PLANNING) (ENGLAND) REGULATIONS 2012 (AS AMENDED) (REGULATION 26)
Test Valley Bourough Council
Notice effective from Sat 30 Jan 16 to Mon 29 Feb 16
TEST VALLEY BOROUGH COUNCIL Town and Country Planning Act 1990 (As Amended by Localism Act 2011) The Neighbourhood Planning (General)
TEST VALLEY BOROUGH COUNCIL Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004 (as amended) Test Valley Borough Revised Local Plan (2011 - 2029)
Test Valley Borough Council THE COMMUNITY INFRASTRUCTURE LEVY REGULATIONS 2010 (AS AMENDED) REGULATION 21: NOTIFICATION OF THE EXAMINATION OF
Test Valley Borough Council THE COMMUNITY INFRASTRUCTURE LEVY REGULATIONS 2010 (AS AMENDED) REGULATION 21: NOTIFICATION OF THE EXAMINATION OF THE
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25295
|
__label__cc
| 0.653326
| 0.346674
|
Publishers and Copyright
Illuminating Schönberg
On Schönberg
Schönberg World Map
Paintings and Drawings
Schönberg-House Mödling
Music Manuscripts
Satellite Collections
Voice Recordings
Arnold Schönberg - Biographie
Arnold (hebr. Avraham) Schönberg, born on September 13, 1874
There is little that stands out in the biographies of my parents. My father was born in 1838. When he was fourteen he came to Vienna, where he became an apprentice in a business, and then had his own small business. He married when he was thirty-two. I was the second child, born when he was thirty-six. He died of pulmonary influenza during the 1890 epidemic (on New Year’s Eve) when he was fifty-two. I was sixteen and knew relatively little from my own observations. […] My mother was born in 1848 in Prague. When she was young, she moved to Vienna with her father’s family. She lived to the age of seventy-four.(Arnold Schönberg, Biographical Note, November 28, 1931)
Schönberg attended the secondary school “k. k. Staats-Oberrealschule” in the 2nd district, Vienna, between 1885 and 1891.
I had begun violin at the age of eight and almost immediately I had started composing. […] All my compositions up to about my seventeenth year were nothing more than imitations of such music as I could become acquainted with. My only sources had been violin duets and duet-arrangements of operas on the one hand and the repertory of military bands which played in public parks on the other hand. One must not forget that at this time printed music was extremely expensive, that there were not yet records nor radios, and that Vienna had only one opera theater and one cycle of eight Philharmonic concerts a year.
(Arnold Schönberg, My Evolution, 1949)
Julikäfer, Polka française, around 1885
Schönberg was employed by the private bank Werner & Co. between 1891 and 1895.
Review of the first concert with the Mödling choral society Freisinn, which was conducted by Schönberg, November 22, 1896
Zwei Gesänge für eine Baritonstimme und Klavier [Two Songs for Baritone and piano] op. 1 (1899)
»Verklärte Nacht«. Sextett für 2 Violinen, 2 Violen und 2 Violoncelli [String sextet "Transfigured night"] op. 4 (1899)
Your poems have had a decisive influence on my development as a composer. They were what first made me try to find a new tone in the lyrical mood. […] My first attempts to compose settings for your poems contain more of what has subsequently developed in my work than there is in some of my later compositions. (Arnold Schönberg to Richard Dehmel, December 13, 1912)
Gavotte und Musette (im alten Style) [Gavotte and Musette (in the old Style] for String Orchestra (1897)
Quartett (d-Moll) für 2 Violinen, Viola und Violoncello [First string quartet in d-minor] op. 7 (1904/05)
Frühlings Tod [Spring’s Death] after Lenau for great orchestra (Fragment, 1898)
Only when I had met three young men of about my own age and had obtained their friendship my musical and literary education started. First Oskar Adler, whose talent as a musician was as great as his capacities in science. Through him I learned that there exists a theory of music and he directed my first steps therein. […] My second friend at that time was David Bach: A linguist, philosopher, conoisseur of literature and mathematician, who also was a good musician. […] The third friend is the one to whom I owe most of my knowledge of the technique and the problems of composing: Alexander von Zemlinsky. (Arnold Schönberg, My Evolution, 1949)
Meyers Konversationslexikon (an encyclopedia, which we bought on installments) had reached the long-hoped-for letter “S,” enabling me to learn under “Sonata” how a first movement of a string quartet should be constructed. (Arnold Schönberg, Notes about the Four String Quartets, 1949)
On March 25, 1898 Arnold (baptized Franz Walter) Schönberg converted to Protestantism.
I came to the Stern Conservatory through Richard Strauss’ intercession. I am especially indepted to Richard Strauss who is the most noble and warm-hearted person. […] He also obtained the Liszt Stipend for me. (Arnold Schönberg to Karl and Josephine Redlich, April 1, 1903)
Between December 1901 and July 1902 Schönberg worked as music director for Ernst von Wolzogen’s variety stage Buntes Theater / Überbrettl in Berlin.
Brettl-Lieder [Cabaret Songs]
On October 18, 1901 Schönberg married Mathilde Zemlinsky (1877 – 1923), the sister of his friend Alexander Zemlinsky.
»Pelleas und Melisande op. 5«. Symphonische Dichtung für Orchester [Pelleas and Melisande, symphonic poem for orchestra] op. 5 (1902/03)
I consider this music far more advanced […] than the Gurrelieder and Verklärte Nacht, which is just as beautiful. (Schönberg, 1947)
Sechs Orchesterlieder [Six orchestral songs] op. 8 (1903–1905)
At this time I gave myself the task of uniting all the artistic elements of part writing and instrumentation. (Schönberg, 1904)
Gertrude (Trudi, 1902 – 1947), Arnold Schönberg’s daughter, around 1904
Beginning of friendship with Gustav Mahler (1860 – 1911)
Schönberg’s varied sphere of musical activity: piano scores, instrumentations, arrangements and figured bass realizations of works by other composers
Schönberg is definitely one of those fiery people who arouse opposition, but just as certainly provoke stimulation and movement, and who have always had an inspiring and beneficial influence on people’s minds.(Gustav Mahler, 1910)
Alban Berg (1885 – 1935) and Anton Webern (1883 – 1945) became Schönberg’s students in the fall of 1904.
Friede auf Erden für gemischten Chor a cappella ["Peace on Earth" for mixed chorus a cappella] op. 13 (1907/11)
I cannot say that I remember consciously feeling all these nuances while I was composing. But as they are there now, I see them as more than just a happy coincidence: they are rather a merciful gift of which I endeavor to be worthy. (Schönberg, 1913)
Kammersymphonie für fünfzehn Soloinstrumente op. 9 (für grosses Orchester op. 9b) [Chamber symphony for fifteen solo instruments (Chamber symphony for orchestra op. 9b)] (1906/1936)
This work is a real turning point of my development […] the last work of my first period that existed as a single through-composed movement. (Schönberg, 1949)
Arnold Schönberg, portrait of his son Georg (Görgi), born on September 22, 1906 oil on cardboard, around 1907
This large form was to include all the four characters of the sonata type in one single, uninterrupted movement. (Schönberg, 1949)
Richard Gerstl, Portrait of Arnold Schönberg, oil on canvas, 1906 (Wien Museum)
1908: Mathilde Schönberg’s affair with the 25-year-old painter Richard Gerstl; Gerstl’s suicide on November 4 of the same year.
Schönberg’s varied interests and their results: music typewriter, blueprint of his design, 1909
Zweites Quartett (fis-Moll) für zwei Violinen, Viola, Violoncello und eine Sopranstimme [Second string quartet in f sharp minor] op. 10 (1907/08)
This quartet played a great role in my development. However, the decisive progress toward so called atonality was not yet carried out. (Schönberg, 1949)
Drei Klavierstücke [Three piano pieces] op. 11 (1909/10)
Every chord is a compulsion of my need for expression, but possibly also a compulsion of an inexorable but unconscious logic in the harmonic construction. (Schönberg, 1911)
15 Gedichte aus »Das Buch der hängenden Gärten« von Stefan George für eine Singstimme und Klavier [The book of the hanging gardens] op. 15 (1907–1909)
With the George Lieder, for the first time, I have succeeded in approaching an ideal of expression and form that has been in my mind for years. Now that I have set out along this path once and for all, I am conscious of having broken through every restriction of a bygone aesthetic. (Schönberg, 1910)
Fünf Orchesterstücke [Five orchestral pieces] op. 16
They are short orchestral pieces (between one and three minutes long), not cyclically related. […] a bright, uninterrupted interchange of colors, rhythms and moods. (Schönberg to Richard Strauss, 1909)
»Erwartung«. Monodram in einem Akt ["Expectation", monodrama] op. 17 (1909)
The intention in Erwartung is to present that which takes place in one second of intense emotional agitation in slow motion, extending it to half an hour. (Schönberg, 1930)
Death of his friend, mentor and revered artist: Gustav Mahler died on May 18, 1911
Sechs kleine Klavierstücke [Six little piano pieces] op. 19 (1911), No. 6, an epitaph-like tribute to Gustav Mahler, June 17, 1911
Brief, incredibly delicate and expressive creations. (Anton Webern, 1912)
Theory of Harmony, 1911
I learned this book from my students. […] I have taken from composition pupils a bad aesthetics, and have given them in return a good course in handicraft. (Schönberg, 1911)
The paintings of Schönberg fall into two categories: those which are drawn perfectly to nature, such as people or landscapes; and those which are intuitively conceived heads, which he calls “Visions.” […] These two kinds are outwardly quite different. Inwardly they stem from one and the same soul, which sometimes is made to vibrate by external nature, and at other times, by nature within him. (Wassily Kandinsky, 1912)
Paintings and drawings by Arnold Schönberg
At Kandinsky’s invitation, in 1911 /12 Schönberg exhibited four of his paintings at the first exhibition of Der Blaue Reiter in Munich.
Dreimal sieben Gedichte aus Albert Girauds »Pierrot lunaire« op. 21 (1912)
I sense that I am definitely moving towards a new way of expression. The sounds become a truly animalistic immediate expression of sensual and psychological emotions. (Schönberg, 1912)
Relocation to Berlin: rnold Schönberg with his children Trudi and Görgi outside Villa Lepcke, Machnower Chaussee & Dietloffstraße, Zehlendorf, 1912
Gurre-Lieder für Soli, Chor und Orchester Gurre-Lieder (Jens Peter Jacobsen) for soli, chorus and orchestra] (1900–03/11)
Remarkably artistic and with sound effects that have never been heard before. (Anton Webern, 1912)
The premiere of Schönberg’s Gurre-Lieder was a virtually unrivalled triumph, the likes of which are unlikely to be matched in the annals of the concert hall in the near future. (Neues Wiener Journal, 1913)
»Die glückliche Hand«. ["The lucky hand"] Drama mit Musik op. 18 (1910–1913); text, music and stage set designs: Arnold Schönberg
It is not meant to be symbolic, but merely observed, felt. […] Most of all I would like to write for a magic theater. (Schönberg to Alma Mahler, 1910)
»Herzgewächse« [Foliage of the Heart] op. 20 for high soprano, harp, celesta and harmonium (1911)
We reveled in those sounds, sounds we had scarcely dreamed of. It is so wonderful; every one of your works creates an unprecedented sensation in the listener on first hearing. (Alban Berg to Schönberg, 1928)
September 1915: Return to Vienna; at the invitation of Alma Mahler’s friend Lilly Lieser, the Schönberg family lived in Gloriettegasse, Hietzing.
Schönberg once again has a wonderful idea: […] to establish a society whose mission it is to present weekly performances of music from ‘Mahler to the present’ to its members. (Alban Berg to his wife Helene, July 1, 1918)
The Society for Private Musical Performances set new standards by fostering new ideas and by its unconventional structure. The list of works to be presented was not disclosed beforehand (in order to “ensure regular attendance”). Works were repeated. The Society concerts were not open to the public, in order “to provide artists and art lovers a true and exact knowledge of modern music.” Displays of approval or disapproval were prohibited.
Between 1918 and 1920 Schönberg taught over 100 pupils at Schwarzwald schools, established and led by the educational reformer Eugenie Schwarzwald.
Arnold Schönberg’s conscription to military service, 1915
Spring 1918: Moved to Mödling, a small town south of Vienna.
Die Jakobsleiter (nach einer Dichtung des Komponisten) für Soli, Chor und Orchester ["Jacob's Ladder" Oratorio for soli, mixed chorus and orchestra]
Because of your work, it had become crystal-clear to me, just what the fate of man is. (Anton Webern to Schönberg, 1917)
Religion. During these years, it was my only support. (Schönberg, 1922)
Serenade, op. 24, for clarinet, bass clarinet, mandolin, guitar, violin, viola, violoncello and a low male voice, 1920 – 1923
Can almost be compared with Mozart […] The lightweight serenade character is preserved in the whole work despite the boldest combinations and ingenious contrapuntal figures. (Erwin Stein, 1924)
Fünf Klavierstücke [Five piano pieces] op. 23 (1920/23)
From September 1920 to March 1921 Schönberg spent time in Zandvoort / Holland; private teaching.
Anti-Semitic attack; Arnold Schönberg was forced to leave the Salzburg summer holiday resort of Mattsee, summer 1921.
Toward the end it got very ugly in Mattsee. The people there seemed to despise me so much, it was as though they knew my music. (Schönberg to Alban Berg, July 1921)
Suite für Klavier [Suite for piano] op. 25 (1921–1923) Prelude; first written copy dated July 24 – 29, 1921 in Traunkirchen. Schönberg’s first work in which the “Method of composing with twelve tones which are related only with one another” is realized.
Schönberg´s wife Mathilde dies on October 18, 1923.
On August 28, 1924, Schönberg married Gertrud Kolisch (1898 – 1967), the sister of his pupil Rudolf Kolisch.
I didn’t know why I was allowed to be so happy! (Schönberg, 1924)
Quintett für Flöte, Oboe, Klarinette, Horn und Fagott [Quintet for flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon and horn] op. 26 (1923/24)
dedicated to his grandson, “Bubi” Arnold
The thematic work, the differentiated elaboration of the secondary ideas […] is reminiscent of the classics. (Felix Greissle, 1925)
Suite für Kleine Klarinette, Klarinette, Baßklarinette, Geige, Bratsche, Violoncello und Klavier [Suite for piano, piccolo clarinet, clarinet, bass clarinet, violin, viola, and cello] op. 29 (1925/26)
A wealth of musical ideas […] a masterpiece of the highest order (Erwin Stein, 1927)
Vier Stücke für gemischten Chor [Four pieces for mixed chorus] op. 27 (1925)
Drei Satiren für gemischten Chor [Three satires for mixed chorus] op. 28 (1925/26)
Music that is entirely the music of the present must also belong to the future. (Schönberg, 1926)
Arnold Schönberg is appointed professor of a masterclass for composition at the Academy of Arts in Berlin, successor to Ferruccio Busoni (1866 – 1924).
Variationen für Orchester [Variations for orchestra] op. 31 (1926–28)
The Variations are like an album with scenes from a place or a landscape that illustrates individual aspects. (Schönberg, 1931)
Drittes Streichquartett [Third string quartet] op. 30 (1927)
dedicated to Mrs Elizabeth Sprague Coolidge
I cannot say it often enough: my works are twelve-tone compositions, not twelve-tone compositions. (Schönberg to Rudolf Kolisch, 1932)
The Biblical Way, Zionist spoken drama with stage sketches, 1926 – 1927
The situation experienced by Judaism makes it an obligation for every able person to work with all their strength for the continued existence of our people.(Schönberg to Max Reinhardt, 1933)
»Von heute auf morgen«. Oper in einem Akt ["From Today till Tomorrow", opera in 1 act (Text by Max Blonda, recte Gertrud Schönberg)] op. 32 (1928/29)
Von heute auf morgen is intended to be a light comic opera: reflecting only what takes place from one day to the next, something ephemeral, impermanent. (Schönberg, 1930)
Klavierstücke [Piano Pieces] op. 33a & 33b (1929/31)
Combinations on the instrument which are wholly unexpected and colorful, and also sound appealing. (Else Kraus, soloist at the premiere, 1932)
Begleitungsmusik zu einer Lichtspielscene ["Accompaniment to a Cinematographic Scene"] op. 34 (1929/30)
Threatening Fear – Danger – Catastrophe
People do seem to like the piece: ought I to draw any conclusions from that as to its quality? (Schönberg to Heinrich Jalowetz, 1931)
I lived in the south for a long time because of my health and for this reason, but also because of the political situation, I would be very unwilling to return to Germany right now. (Schönberg to Joseph Asch, May 1932)
Moses und Aron (Opera in three acts) (1923 – 1937)
Moses and Aron is one of my major works. The material and its treatment are purely of a religious, philosophical nature. (Schönberg, 1951)
On April 7, 1933 the “Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service” was passed. This law allowed the National Socialist leaders to force Jewish civil servants to leave their positions.
In the meeting of March 18 at the Academy, formulations were made known from which it was evident that my remaining in a leading position here is no longer desired. Pride and the awareness of my achievement, would have moved me to voluntary resignation long ago. […] Whoever was my pupil gained a sense of a serious and moral concept of art which, if he knows how to maintain it, will do him honour in all circumstances of life!
(Arnold Schönberg to the Prussian Academy of The Arts, March 20, 1933)
Document showing Arnold Schönberg’s re-entry into the Jewish faith, witnessed by Marc Chagall, Paris, July 24, 1933
I now call myself a Jew with pride; but I know how difficult it is to really be one. (Schönberg, 1932)
Birth of daughter Dorothea Nuria on May 7, 1932 in Barcelona
The child is naturally “just like its father” as far as its beauty is concerned. (Schönberg, May 1932)
Final preparations for leaving Germany and the hasty departure in the night before May 17, 1933, after Rudolf Kolisch telegraphed to recommend a “change of air.”
Schönberg’s passport Schönberg’s passport with a temporary visa for entry to New York, October 1933
After travelling by ship from Le Havre, the Schönbergs arrived in New York on October 31, 1933. Arnold Schönberg would never again return to Europe.
Suite im alten Stile (G-Dur) (Suite in the old style [G major]) for string orchestra (1934)
Without exposing students to injury from the “poison of atonality” for the time being, this work should be a preparation for modern playing technique within a harmonic system which leads toward modern sentiments. (Schönberg, 1934)
In 1933/34 Schönberg taught music theory and composition at Malkin Conservatory in New York and Boston.
12 – 14 students, including total beginners. (Schönberg, 1934)
In September 1934 Arnold Schönberg, who had battled with major health problems during this year spent teaching on the East Coast, moved to California with his wife and child.
On December 24, 1935 Schönberg’s student Alban Berg died.
Concerto for Violin and Orchestra op. 36 (1934–36)
dedicated to “My dear friend and comrade-in-arms Dr Anton von Webern”
Studying and playing this work makes one twenty years younger. (Louis Krasner, 1940)
Directly after his arrival on the West Coast, Schönberg initially taught a class with six private students, including John Cage. In 1935 and 1936 Schönberg held the “Alchin Chair” at the University of Southern California, a guest lectureship for composition.
Starting in the fall of 1936 until he retired in 1944 Schönberg taught at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA).
Fourth String Quartet op. 37 (1936)
I am very content with the work and think it will be much more pleasant than the third. But – I believe always so! (Schönberg to Elizabeth Sprague Coolidge, 1936)
In May 1936 the Schönbergs moved to Brentwood, 116 North Rockingham Avenue.
We have found a beautiful house with a garden. (Schönberg to Gertrud Greissle, May 21, 1936)
Birth of his son Rudolf Ronald on May 26, 1937 in Los Angeles
Ronny is very cute and bright. He is very musical and picks everything out by himself on the piano, even chords. (Schönberg, 1941)
Kol nidre für Sprecher (Rabbi), gemischten Chor und Orchester (g-Moll) op. 39 (1938)
One of my main tasks was […] to give the decree the dignity of a law, of an “edict.” I think it must be tremendously effective both in the synagogue and in the concert hall. (Schönberg, 1941)
Zweite Kammersymphonie (in es-Moll) für kleines Orchester [Chamber Symphony No. 2 (in e-flat-minor) for small orchestra) op. 38 [Version for two pianos op. 38B] (1906–1916/1939)
A longing to return to the old style was always powerful in me; and I was forced to yield to that urge from time to time. So sometimes I compose tonal music. (Schönberg, 1948)
Schönberg receives the American citizenship in 1941.
Variations on a Recitative for Organ (in D) op. 40 (1941)
I have written this music in about the same manner as I write for orchestra. […] Of course it is an unusual manner of writing for organ. (Schönberg, 1944)
Ode to Napoleon Buonaparte (Lord Byron) for String Quartet (Orchestra), Piano and Reciter op.41 (1942/43)
I had long speculated about the more profound meaning of the nazi philosophy. […] I knew it was the moral duty of intelligencia to take a stand against tyranny. (Schönberg, 1942)
Concerto for Piano and Orchestra op. 42 (1942)
One of the landmarks of musical history. (Leopold Stokowski, 1944)
Birth of his son Lawrence Adam on January 27, 1941 in Los Angeles
We all, Mrs. Schoenberg, Nuria, Ronald and I enjoy this growth of our house very much. (Schönberg, 1941)
Models for Beginners in Composition, 1942
The main objectives of this syllabus are: ear-training, development of a sense of form, and understanding of the technique and logic of musical construction. (Schönberg, 1943)
Theme and Variations for Full Band op. 43a & for orchestra op. 43B (1943)
When I promised to write such a piece, I knew at once that my ordinary manner of writing would be much too difficult. […] Accordingly I decided I had to resolve a pedagogical task. (Schönberg, ca. 1944)
Schönberg is named professor emeritus at UCLA; he continues to teach privately.
String Trio (for Violin, Viola and Cello) op. 45 (1946)
On August 2 of this year it will be three years since what I jokingly call “my fatality.” […] I began the Trio, of which I have told many people that it is a “humorous” representation of my sickness, soon after I was over the worst. (Arnold Schönberg, 1949)
A Survivor from Warsaw for Narrator, Men’s Chorus and Orchestra op. 46
Now, what the text of the Survivor means to me: it means at first a warning to all Jews, never to forget what has been done to us. (Schönberg, 1948)
Prelude for Mixed Chorus and Orchestra op. 44 (1945)
Introduction to a cantata on the biblical Creation story
On September 15, 1945, Schönberg’s student Anton Webern died.
Schönberg is named Honorary President of the Israeli Academy of Music in Jerusalem
Preliminary Exercises in Counterpoint, 1942 – 1950
o train the mind of the student, to give him possession of this sense of form and balance and of an understanding of musical logic – that is the main purpose of this present study. (Schönberg, 1950)
Structural Functions of Harmony, 1939 – 1948
This book contains in condensed form the methods of teaching harmony as presented in my Harmonielehre. (Schönberg, 1948)
Fundamentals of Musical Composition, 1937 – 1948
It is intendend to be thoroughly practical, though each recommendation and each process described has been carefully verified by analysis of the practice of master composers. (Gerald Strang, 1954)
Dreimal tausend Jahre für gemischten Chor a capella ["Thrice a Thousand Years" for mixed chorus a cappella] op. 50A (1949)
Psalm 130 for Mixed Chorus a cappella (six voices) op. 50B (1950)
Moderner Psalm für Sprecher, gemischten Chor und Orchester [Modern Psalm, for speaker, fourt-part mixed chorus and orchestra, unfinished] op. 50C (1950)
Publication of the collection of essays Style and Idea, edited by Schönberg’s pupil Dika Newlin, by the Philosophical Library in New York, 1950
Arnold Schönberg died in Los Angeles on July 13, 1951.
© 2019 Arnold Schönberg Center
>>More information
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25303
|
__label__cc
| 0.680677
| 0.319323
|
I met Maya Corrigan through the SinC Chesapeake Chapter. We both enjoyed having stories in the chapter’s anthologies. When several members formed a critique group, I joined it and served as one of Maya’s beta readers. Suffice it to say—I pigged my way through her book within a day savoring the many mysteries within its covers, slurping in the setting, which I knew well, and chomping on the five-ingredient recipes. There are few books that I’ve devoured with as much swine-like abandon.
Please welcome Maya Corrigan to WWK. E. B. Davis
Would you give a short synopsis of your plot?
Yes, but first I’d like to thank you for inviting me to WWK, for your kind words about the book, and for your great interview questions.
Val Deniston gave up her career as a cookbook-publicist and moved from New York to Bayport, a tourist town on Maryland’s Eastern Shore. She shares a large Victorian house with her curmudgeonly grandfather and manages the Cool Down Café at a racket and fitness club. When she arrives at a club member's home to discuss catering a club function, she finds the woman, Nadia, murdered with an unusual weapon.
Val is determined to find the killer who framed her cousin for the murder. As she dredges for secrets at the club and on Main Street, two men vie for her attention—an old flame and the club’s newest member, the debonair Gunnar from D.C. Meanwhile, her grandfather takes up cooking, creating havoc in the kitchen even when trying recipes that have only five ingredients. But kitchen disasters are the least of Val's problems after a killer targets her, arranging “accidents” that will put an end to her sleuthing for good.
What happened to Val in NYC to bring her back to Bayport?
Val left New York after a car crash nearly killed her celebrity chef passenger. The accident occurred
the same weekend that she broke off her engagement, having discovered her fiancé cheating. With her career and her love life both in tatters, she leaves the city and moves in with her grandfather. Her café job allows her time to relax, play tennis, make new friends, and write her long-planned cookbook. Expecting life in Bayport to be deadly dull, she’s surprised when it turns deadly and far from dull.
Is Bayport real or based on an Eastern-Shore town?
Bayport is a fictional town, named after the Hardy Boys’ hometown. It resembles St. Michaels, Maryland, a tourist haven with historic buildings and a waterfront. Though not far from either Washington, D.C. or Baltimore, the Eastern Shore is a world away from those hectic urban areas. It attracts tourists who enjoy boating, birding, fishing, and hunting for antiques and waterfowl. It appeals to me because of its history, its beautiful vistas, and its cuisine based on fresh local food.
Val’s granddad is a wonderful character and a film buff. He’s also a classic curmudgeon, but he changes as the book progresses. Why?
He’s at a point of change in his life, just as Val is in hers, but the changes have come over several years, not in a single weekend. First, he lost his business. Then his wife died. Then his best friend left the neighborhood and moved into a retirement village. He no longer has a central role in the community. Val’s presence gives him opportunities to pursue different interests. He exploits those opportunities to define a new role for himself in the community and a new-found status in town. Does this make him less crotchety? Slightly less.
Your stories have unique modus operandi. A tennis racket? Any symbolism there?
I didn’t plan it as a symbol, but it certainly reflects the character of Nadia, who is highly competitive on the tennis court and elsewhere. Because Val knows Nadia and many of the suspects from the club, she can help the police uncover what’s hidden beneath the surface.
Irene is an irritant. How does she rival both Val and Granddad?
Irene is approaching retirement age. After her tea shop in town went bankrupt, she was the front-runner for the café job that Val won. Not only did she lose that opportunity to Val, but Granddad’s new status in town comes at her expense as well. She feels robbed and believes Val has undermined her with underhanded tactics.
Nadia is the perfect victim, apt for the area, because of her power-broker mentality. Did you base her on anyone?
While I didn’t base her on any specific person, I’ve known a number of competitive and controlling people in my professional and social life. Having played on tennis teams for many years, I’m familiar with the group dynamics. When you’re part of any kind of a team, you sometimes face competitors who behave badly. But within a team, there’s a camaraderie. Nadia betrayed the bond that exists among team members. Other groups that meet with a common purpose have similar bonds—book clubs, craft circles, bridge or poker players. The book deals with the consequences of a betrayal within a group.
Gunner Swensen is a very “DC” kind of guy. Did you know any IRS investigators or is the character based on research?
I don’t know any IRS investigators, but I know they exist through my research. Once I’d done the basic research and developed the character’s role, I checked with a Federal agent who talked at a Sisters in Crime meeting and asked if he’d ever worked with IRS investigators. He confirmed that he did. Much of what Gunnar does is, I’m sure, not according to the book.
How did you conjure the Five-Ingredient Mystery concept? Did you make the five-ingredient recipes at home?
I began collecting easy recipes when I was a Mom with two part-time jobs and two preschoolers. I
also simplified other recipes that had many ingredients so that I could cook fast. After the kids were older, I had the time to make more elaborate meals, but not the inclination.
My large collection of recipes with few ingredients gave me the theme for my series. I have many more six-ingredient recipes, but the five ingredients dovetailed nicely with the mystery genre. In classic whodunits, five is often the number of suspects remaining when the detective summons everyone to expose the culprit. As a writer, I like limiting the cast of suspects to five, enough to explore a variety of motives without overwhelming the reader.
I didn’t know about your RWA experience until I read your website. Did you win the Daphne Du Maurier Award?
The Romance Writers of America’s Kiss of Death Chapter sponsors the Daphne du Maurier Awards. There are award categories for romantic suspense and for mainstream mysteries in two divisions, for published and unpublished titles. My book, The Art of Deceit, won the 2013 Mainstream Mystery / Suspense award in the unpublished division. The book combines suspense and romance with more emphasis on the suspense. By the time I won the award, I was already under contract for the Five-Ingredient Mystery series and, since then, I haven’t had the time to pitch The Art of Deceit to publishers, but someday . . .
What’s next for Val in Scam Chowder?
Scam Chowder, the second of the Five-Ingredient Mysteries, is scheduled for publication in June, 2015. Frauds against senior citizens are central to the story. Val’s grandfather has a larger role in this book than in the first one because of the subject matter and because he’s a scene stealer. Whereas Val consulted her friends and teammates from the racket club in solving the murder in By Cook or By Crook, she teams up with her grandfather in Scam Chowder.
If you love the Eastern Shore, does this mean you’re a beach gal?
Definitely. I haven’t missed a summer beach vacation in the forty years I’ve lived in this area. But the location of the beach has moved south over the years from Delaware to Virginia to North Carolina, and now even South Carolina if we’re up for a long drive.
Maya’s launch party for By Hook or By Crook will be held on Tuesday, November 11, 2014, 6:30-8 PM at One More Page Books, 2200 N Westmoreland Street #101, Arlington, VA 22213.
She will also appear with Susan O'Brien and Sherry Harris (look for her WWK interview on 11/26) on breaking into publishing Sunday, November 16, 2-3:30 PM at the Loudoun County Library Ashburn Branch, 43316 Hay Rd, Ashburn, VA 20147. On Thursday, December 4, 7-8:30 PM, she will also appear for a Panel and Book Signing at Fairfax County Kings Park Library, 9000 Burke Lake Rd, Burke, VA 22015.
Please drop by and support these authors. I bet there will be great snacks!
Labels: book promotion, E. B. Davis, Maya Corrigan, Welcome Wednesday
Thanks for sharing with us at WWK and good luck with your writing.
Welcome to Writers Who Kill, Maya. Your series sounds like a good one I'd like to rad.
Thanks for participating n the interview! It sounds like a great series, and I feel like I'm getting to know the characters, just from the interview!
Thank you for your kind words and support. I always enjoy the posts on this blog.--Maya
Your series sounds terrific, Maya! I love the idea of five-ingredient recipes and how it dovetails with the mystery genre. Best of luck with your book launch.
Thank you, Kara.
Carolyn Mulford said...
A great interview. You've let people know the heart of the book. It also has quite a bit of gentle humor.
I'm not kidding about pigging my way through the book. I started it and everything else went the wayside. Dirty clothes, sheets, towels, dishes in the dishwasher, dust bunnies hopped--until I finished. Maya gave us the ms. on Monday. I gave her my edits and comments on Tuesday. I had no doubts that Kensington signed her on!
Hi Mary Ann!
Can't wait to get my hands on your book - sounds fantastic. I love your nod to the Hardy Boys with Bayport and the connection between the five ingredients and the five suspects of a traditional mystery. That's the kind of interesting detail and depth I like in a mystery.
Thanks for stopping by WWK - hope to see you soon.
Thank you for inviting me to the WWK blog and for your support, E.B. and Shari. I appreciate it.
Thanks for your comment, Carolyn.
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25306
|
__label__wiki
| 0.682089
| 0.682089
|
John Bolton: Another war criminal joins Trump’s regime - Learn the facts about his criminal history
John Bolton Photo: Gage Skidmore, (CC BY-SA 2.0)
The appointment of the notorious warmonger John Bolton as National Security Advisor is the latest move in reorganizing the Trump inner circle as a war cabinet. The Bolton announcement came just days after the naming of Central Intelligence Agency director Mike Pompeo as Secretary of State replacing Rex Tillerson, and Pompeo’s replacement at the CIA by Gina Haspel. Both Pompeo and Haspel are advocates of torture, and Haspel personally supervised torture at a CIA secret site in Thailand, later destroying the video tapes documenting waterboarding and other abuse of prisoners kidnapped and brought there.
Bolton is the sworn enemy of all progressive and independent governments and movements in the world. He is especially well-known for his virulent and abiding campaign for launching new wars against Iran and North Korea. Less-known is his contempt for working people, illustrated by his call to dismantle all domestic social programs, “root and branch.”
As an Assistant Secretary of State under President George W. Bush, Bolton was asked in 2002 what administration policy was toward North Korea. Bolton responded by placing a book titled “The End of North Korea” on a table next to the reporter, saying, “That is our policy.”
Bolton has a long history of advocating the most belligerent policies toward Russia and earlier the Soviet Union. He has called Russia’s alleged “meddling” in the U.S. election “a casus belli, a true act of war, and one Washington will never tolerate,” a statement that highlights what a menacing character Bolton is. A U.S.-Russia war would be one between the leading nuclear weapons states and would have the potential of destroying life on the planet, a consequence that doesn’t faze Bolton–just the opposite.
“The next step in the bilateral relationship with Russia,” he recently wrote, “is for this administration to abrogate the New START Treaty,” a nuclear arms reduction agreement between Russia and the U.S. in 2010.
A gung-ho supporter of the Iraq War, Bolton advocated that it be followed by similar regime-change wars against Syria and Iran, as well as North Korea. Bolton worked closely with Israeli intelligence to fabricate a falsified “weapons-of-mass-destruction” justification for an assault on Iran after the occupation of Iraq, which top Bush officials had predicted would be a “cakewalk.” It was anything but, and it was the fierce resistance in Iraq that was the key factor in preventing a new war on Iran at that time.
Bolton, like Trump and Pompeo, wants to overturn the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, signed in 2015 by the five permanent members of the UN Security Council, Germany and Iran. It called for severe limitations on Iran’s nuclear program for 15 years in exchange for an end to the harsh sanction that were strangling Iran’s economy. According to the International Atomic Energy Agency which conducts on-going inspections, Iran has met all the requirements of the agreement.
But Bolton calls the JCPOA agreement “the worst act of appeasement in American history,” and said, “The only thing that will stop Iran from getting nuclear weapons is regime change in Tehran.” While the JCPOA negotiations were underway, Bolton authored a New York Times op-ed headlined, “To Stop Iran’s Bomb, Bomb Iran.”
It is expected that Trump will pull the U.S. out of the JCPOA in May 2018, heightening the threat of a new war in the Middle East.
On February 28, when he undoubtedly already knew that Trump was preparing to appoint him, Bolton published a piece in the Wall Street Journal under the headline, “The Legal Case for Striking North Korea First.” The op-ed reads, “It is perfectly legitimate for the United States to respond to the current ‘necessity’ posed by North Korea’s nuclear weapons by striking first.” In fact, of course such an attack would be a war crime of the highest order.
While Trump surprised many by announcing that he would meet with North Korean leader Kim Jong-Un, by May of this year, a recent Bolton interview with a Washington DC radio station raised serious questions about whether the negotiations will actually take place.
“I think this session between the leaders will be a fairly brief session where Trump says, ‘Tell me you have begun total denuclearization, because we’re not going to have protracted negotiations. You can tell me right now or we’ll start thinking of something else.’”
Such a contemptuous approach would not be “negotiations” at all, and would of course be rejected by the North Korean leaders. Clearly, this is what Bolton want to see happen, as underlined by another recent statement: “The only way to resolve the North Korean problem is to change the regime.”
The most extreme Zionists in both Israel and the U.S. are celebrating the Bolton appointment. Bolton has expressed undying support for the apartheid Israeli state and complete disdain for the Palestinian people and their right to self-determination. He has advocated what he calls the “three-state solution,” turning over remnants of the West Bank that Israel doesn’t want to annex to Jordan, and Gaza to Egypt.
The elevation of Bolton, Pompeo and Haspel can only be seen as a turn in the direction of new war and intensification of the seven wars the U.S. is already engaged in. Now is the time to intensify the resistance.
Reposted from Liberation News
Korea Anti-War Iran john bolton
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25314
|
__label__cc
| 0.556833
| 0.443167
|
The Dream Bearer
Abridged Audiobook
Written By: Walter Dean Myers
Narrated By: Peter Francis James
Publisher: HarperCollins
For a young adolescent, David Curry has a lot to contend with. He loves and fears Reuben, his troubled father. His older brother, Ty, is turning into someone David doesn't know anymore -- or trust. And his mom is struggling to hold everything together.
But then David meets Mr. Moses, an elderly man who tells him that dreams are the key to understanding reality. And with Mr. Moses's gift of dreams, David begins to see the world through his father's eyes.
Printz Award winner Walter Dean Myers weaves a richly layered tale of a boy's journey of self-discovery and the acceptance and compassion he learns along the way.
Teen >
Dream Bearer
This title is due for release on February 22, 2005.
This title is due for release on February 22, 2005
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25317
|
__label__cc
| 0.745829
| 0.254171
|
If AKG makes a USB microphone, does it mean that the time has come for USB mics?
AKG makes some of the best mics in the world. AKG also makes a USB mic. A great USB mic?
Friday April 26, 2013
If much of the world divides into Manchester United, Chelsea or one of the minor teams, much of the audio world divides into AKG or Neumann. AKG, in the world of microphone design and manufacturing, is one of the very top teams.
So when AKG decides to create a USB microphone, or at least a USB version of one of its microphones, perhaps it signals that the era of the USB microphone has come, and we can finally put away our XLR cables.
The microphone in question is the AKG Perception 120 USB, which you can buy with an XLR connector as the Perception 120, for less money I might add. Perhaps in time the standard 120 will be dropped from the range in favor of the 'digital-era' version. Perhaps other AKG microphones will be transitioned to USB. Perhaps eventually XLR microphones will be a thing of the past.
You have to remember though why AKG makes microphones. AKG makes microphones in order to make a profit for its shareholders. Indeed this is the only objective of a public company - to make a profit for the shareholders. If there was more profit to be made by selling food mixers, then AKG would be retooling its production lines and saying goodbye to audio.
So in the AKG boardroom the scenario goes like this...
"Are there any spaces in the market that we aren't occupying at the moment?"
"Yes, USB microphones. There's a market for them and we don't have one."
"But that isn't the best way to make a microphone. It might damage our brand if we get it wrong."
"Don't worry - we'll position it in the right market segment..."
What? No preamp?
As you might realize, there is no role for a microphone preamplifier when using a USB mic. That doesn't mean that there isn't one though - it's inside the microphone. All capacitor microphones have an internal amplifier, and this one has what we would normally recognize as a microphone preamplifier as well, or perhaps the two are combined.
The problem is however that there is no gain control. So there is no way of optimizing the signal level going into the analog-to-digital converter (also inside the microphone). There is a -20 dB pad, but this is a crude means of protecting against clipping caused by very loud inputs.
So the designers at AKG have to set the gain to suit the most likely use of the mic. Podcasting would seem like a sensible use, or software tutorial videos. The gain will be set so that someone with a loudish voice, at a closest distance of 15 cm or so, will not clip the converter, and will allow a reasonable amount of headroom, say 10 dB.
24-bit is king
Suppose now that a USB microphone has an internal 16-bit converter, and the gain is set to allow 10 dB of headroom, on a loudish speaking voice at a close distance. The maximum signal-to-noise ratio achievable in theory is 86 dB. Suppose that the person speaking has a quieter voice, and a greater mic distance is used to achieve a more natural quality. The level could easily drop by 15 dB, maybe 20.
So now the signal-to-noise ratio is degraded to 66 dB. This is on the point of noise becoming audible. Take this same mic and record a classical guitar in a pleasant acoustic from two meters away and you can definitely hear the noise. There is no gain control to bring the level up going into the converter.
But this is where the AKG Perception 120 USB scores... It has a 24-bit converter. The maximum theoretical signal-to-noise ratio of a 24-bit converter is 144 dB. So in a situation where a 16-bit converter could offer a signal-to-noise ratio of 66 dB, the 24-bit converter's will be 114 dB. Well this won't be achievable in practice, but you should certainly be able to see the value of having a 24-bit converter in a USB microphone. AKG know about these things, you know.
Other USB issues
Of course there are other issues with USB microphones. You can't choose a preamp to achieve a certain sonic texture that you want. Using multiple USB mics isn't going to be something that is achieved easily, at least not yet. Oh, and you can forget about cable runs of more than five meters.
But for the simple purpose of recording a podcast or tutorial voice over, a USB microphone could be a very convenient solution. And if it has a 24-bit converter, then for this type of use the lack of a gain control should be no problem.
By David Mellor Friday April 26, 2013
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25318
|
__label__cc
| 0.679388
| 0.320612
|
Participatory Budgeting: The Next ‘Big Thing’ in Australian Local Government?
by Helen Christensen and Bligh Grant
Image by Wang-Hsin Pei CC 2.0 via Flickr https://goo.gl/zxUETa
Australian governments of all levels are increasingly familiar with two trends in public budgeting. Firstly, the pressure to deliver ‘more with less’ in public budgets; secondly, an increased realisation by communities that they have a democratic right to participate in public policy decisions. In local government, processes of participatory budgeting (PB) are emerging, designed to assist meeting the challenge of these trends.
Simply defined, PB is a process in which the community can contribute to decision-making over part, or all, of a government budget. Somewhat famously now, the first PB process was run in Porto Alegre, Brazil in 1989. It was designed as an element of democratisation in a country that was emerging from a period of authoritarian rule. The Porto Alegre PB processes ran for over a year and involved local direct voting, neighbourhood meetings and regional assemblies where the budget was decided and where representatives conducted vigorous oversight of spending to ensure that practices favouring specific groups did not return.
The practice spread throughout South America, propelled by visible improvements in social justice, wealth redistribution and social wellbeing. These were evident in decisions by communities to improve basic community infrastructure such as sanitation and paving. By the mid-2000s, PB was proliferating through the developing world, led by international lenders such as the World Bank and United Nations Development Program. These organisations made PB a condition of their loans as a means of promoting good governance.
The more recent wave of PB processes has seen it gain a foothold in the cities of established Western democracies in Europe, North America and now Australia. In these countries, the practice is billed as addressing the ‘wicked problem’ of how to involve communities that are equally distrustful and demanding in the face of declining sub-national budgets.
Australia has come relatively late to PB, with the first documented process occurring in 2012. While Australian practice has shown some similarities with those conducted in other Western democracies, there is still wide variation in practice, with local governments grappling with how to adapt the practice to best suit their needs.
Our paper examines six Australian local government PB processes in some detail. A summary is provided below.
As the table shows, variation exists in the following:
[i] which part of the council’s budget is available to the community for decision-making ($100,000 in the City of Melville, WA; $5.9 billion over 10 years in the City of Melbourne);
[ii] the time of the budget outlay (1 to 10 years);
[iii] the proportion of the total budget; and
[iv] the key methods used in the engagement with the community (workshops, community panels, citizens’ juries).
While these disparities make individual PBs difficult to compare precisely, it also raises a number of questions that will need to be addressed as the practice continues to be adapted to the Australian local government context.
What is the role of deliberative practices in Australian PBs?
Examining the tabular summary in more detail, five of the six processes have attempted to ensure the authenticity of deliberative processes by randomly selecting participants to ensure they represent a microcosm of the wider community. Deliberative processes are designed to allow space and time for participants to test assumptions, question sources, set criteria, deliberate and form consensus and given the complexity of the work and spending of local government, this deliberative atmosphere is convivial in assessing what can at times be politically controversial decisions.
Interestingly, deliberative methods were not a key feature of the early PBs in South America, with a direct vote used instead. Deliberation is, however, fast becoming a dominant feature of PBs in established democracies. While this is an exciting development, a drawback is that deliberative processes are more resource-intensive than, say, direct voting and the random selection of a representative group can be criticised as exclusionary.
What is required of organisations and leaders to facilitate PB?
Like other participatory processes, PB requires a fair amount of resourcing in terms of time, money and skills; more-so for deliberative processes. Additionally, PB requires that the organisation and its leaders understand PB, how to support it and what the consequences of community involvement are. Government organisations are, by their very nature, risk-averse and consequently may lack the ‘organisational readiness’ to commit to such processes.
Is PB is a sustainable practice in Australia?
With PB now having been practiced globally for over 25 years, researchers are able to identify markers for its success. One of the most concerning trends is that the processes do not stand the test of time, with many being one-off or disappearing after a short time, often as a result of political change. Of the six Australian processes summarised in our table, only one (Melville) has committed to a subsequent process. It may be the realisation of the resource-intensive nature of deliberative practices has seen a decline in political will, and realisation of this might hinder the take-up of PB by other local governments.
How might PB impact the roles and responsibilities of local and state governments?
In half of the PB processes studied, recommendations were made by the community that had a direct bearing on legislative powers outside of local government. These included recommendations about transport infrastructure, planning legislation, provision of schools and community services. In response to these requests, local governments have offered to adopt an advocacy role, yet there is a risk that participants may think that the state government ought to be more responsive.
Of particular interest are the cases of Canada Bay and Melbourne, where both groups recommended a rate increase; in the case of Melbourne, this was in direct contradiction to the-newly introduced policy of rate-capping. This development highlights a further risk, namely that deliberative PB processes may be used by councils to introduce rate increases which have historically been a point of contention between state and local governments.
Over and above this controversy, there is no doubt that PB is an exciting development, not only in the democratic practices of local government but also as a means to collaboratively tackle problems of public spending in an environment characterised by both austerity and scrutiny.
A number of PBs are currently underway or planned in local governments across Australia and if previous practice is any indication, further adaptations can be expected. Nevertheless, regardless of the shape, or shapes, PBs in Australia take, their ability to involve the public in addressing the difficult problem of public spending make them more likely to be accepted by the greater public. As such, PB as an element of local government practice in Australia is likely to continue to increase.
This article is drawn from Christensen, H. E. and Grant, B. (2016). ‘Participatory Budgeting in Australian Local Government: An Initial Assessment and Critical Issues’. Australian Journal of Public Administration 75(4): 457-475. DOI: 10.1111/1467-8500.12219
Christensen, Helen & Grant, Bligh, (2017), Participatory Budgeting: The Next ‘Big Thing’ in Australian Local Government?, Austaxpolicy: Tax and Transfer Policy Blog, 2 February 2017, Available from: https://www.austaxpolicy.com/participatory-budgeting-next-big-thing-australian-local-government/
Human Rights, Inequality, Participatory budgeting, Transparency
Helen Christensen
Helen Christensen is an Associate and a PhD Candidate at the Institute of Public Policy and Governance, University of Technology Sydney. Her research is in the professionalisation of community engagement in local government.
See all articles by Helen Christensen
Bligh Grant
Bligh Grant is Senior Lecturer at the UTS Centre for Local Government (CLG). He holds a PhD and BA (Hons, Politics) from the University of New England.
See all articles by Bligh Grant
Ryan Menner
Great read Helen and Bligh – in particular the impact on the roles and responsibilities of government. It comes as no surprise that many community needs could not be met by one-tier of government. It is fantastic to see local government respond to these, as opposed to simply passing the buck. The Public Service creates confidence and authority when it can respond quickly, and responsibly. City of Melbourne recently explored its role in facilitating a eco-system for start-ups https://mindhive.org/topic/how-does-local-government-create-an-enabling-ecosystem-for-startups, in inviting participation you are undoubtedly going to collect ideas that your tier of government does not have the ability, appetite or authority to act on. In these situations it is reassuring to see continued participation from all, including the actual tier of government responsible.
Warren Ross
The next big thing in Government? Probably not. It perpetuates the scrabbling over limited funds. It will just highlight the lack of money in the system. A more encompassing concept would be the Job Guarantee which would include the following:
1. A plan that would address unemployment and under-employment
2. Development of local projects using the employment created in step 1
3. Identify the need for an expanded Federal Government budget.
This seems obvious. We currently have an expanding deficit. Regardless, of the the Federal Government does or says, as long as the Private and Foreign Sectors are draining money, the budget must expand and will whether they want it to or not. Better to plan how it is spent. We have run deficits 80% of the time since 2001. It is the norm.
Excellent idea and thank you Warren.Yes we need to create more employment and the resources are there, we just need to harness them to undertake sustainable environmental, community projects. Warren is right in the fiscal history of Australia deficits have been the norm not the exception.
That should have read, “We have run deficits 80% of the time since 1901. It is the norm.”
Thanesh
Enjoyed reading this article. 🙂
Martin Butcher
It is a shame that PB in Australia has been both hi-jacked by the New Democracy Movement (Citizen Juries are simply another small group of people making a decision on behalf of others) and seen as something that should be attached to the major spending projects of councils. It is no wonder they are not entirely successful. As an alternative, I would like to see the discretionary grants programs that many councils hold being run as a genuine PB process. This would enable all to submit proposals and those same people that put in the proposals making the decisions on what should be funded by how much. It would still allow for deliberation, not just a voting exercise. Being less money, and only a small proportion of the LGA budget, it would provide a real learning opportunity to build on into the future.
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25319
|
__label__wiki
| 0.918829
| 0.918829
|
Harper Lee's estate is suing Aaron Sorkin's Broadway production of To Kill A Mockingbird
Filed to: BooksFiled to: Books
Screenshot: To Kill A Mockingbird (1962)
A new Broadway production of To Kill A Mockingbird won’t be in previews until November, but the script from Aaron Sorkin has already raised some serious objections from the estate of the late Harper Lee.
The New York Times reports Tonja B. Carter, an attorney and executor of Lee’s estate, filed suit in Alabama against Rudinplay, the production company founded by Scott Rudin that’s behind the adaptation. Carter’s complaint states that the adaptation, written by Sorkin, “deviates too much from the novel, and violates a contract, between Ms. Lee and the producers, which stipulates that the characters and plot must remain faithful to the spirit of the book.”
Carter raised concerns about two characters that appear in the play but were not in the source material, but what she’s really taken exception with is the revised arc of Atticus Finch, who’s long been considered one of American literature’s most noble characters. In Sorkin’s adaptation, Atticus is “a man who begins the drama as a naïve apologist for the racial status quo, a depiction at odds with his purely heroic image in the novel,” which Lee’s estate believes runs counter to his original characterization. Carter caught wind of the changes after reading an interview with Sorkin, in which he said the character of Calpurnia would have an expanded role in the play, including informing Atticus’ sense of social justice. So she met with the production team last month, but left the meeting without a sense of resolution.
The contract between Lee’s estate and Rudinplay clearly states that “the Play shall not derogate or depart in any manner from the spirit of the Novel nor alter its characters.” The lawsuit notes that Atticus Finch was modeled after Lee’s father, so this is major sticking point. Rudin’s lawyer pointed to the Pulitzer Prize-winning author’s own changes to the Atticus character in Go Set A Watchman, while the producer told the NYT that he “can’t and won’t present a play that feels like it was written in the year the book was written in terms of its racial politics: It wouldn’t be of interest. The world has changed since then.”
R.I.P. Harper Lee, author of To Kill A Mockingbird
To Kill A Mockingbird is the quintessential American novel
To Kill A Mockingbird found two paths to masterpiece status
Deputy TV Editor
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25320
|
__label__wiki
| 0.944099
| 0.944099
|
Current location: [Sheet music] Here's to the–! (Toasts to the Untoasted)
[Sheet music] Here's to the–! (Toasts to the Untoasted)
Current page of 6
Download Low Res Image
RC10862
Sheet Music Collection 377
Published Collection
Overall - closed: 35.9 cm x 26.3 cm
David, Worton
Lee, Bert
Recording provided for personal, non-commercial and commemorative use. Permission from copyright holder must be sought for commercial use. Attached digital images provided for personal non-commercial use
Sheet music for the song titled, 'Here's to the–! (Toasts to the Untoasted)', written and composed by Worton David and Bert Lee. This copy was published by Francis, Day and Hunter in 1915, and sung by Whit Cunliffe.
The lyrics of 'Here’s to the—!' are humorous in tone and celebrate people who are implied to have less fortune in life. This version of the music is written in the key of D and is housed in a handmade cover of brown cardboard cover. The title has been cut out from the original copy of the sheet music used and pasted on the top half of the cover. Inside the cover, are typed lyrics of the song, complete with lyrics.
This copy of the music originally belonged to Private Ernest Alfred Nicholls and features his name at the top of the front cover. It is part of a collection of sheet music that was donated to the Memorial in 1971, and is symbolic of the concerts, theatre and other musical performances that Australian soldiers took in whilst on leave in London during the First World War.
Bert Lee collaborated with Robert Patrick Weston in the art of songwriting between 1915 until 1935 after meeting at the offices of Francis Day & Hunter. Robert Harris Weston, the son of Robert Patrick Weston, subsequently collaborated with the duo in the production of 'Harmonica Dan' in 1936. The Weston and Lee duo also went on to work with Stanley Holloway and Gracie Fields. One of their earliest songs was 'Paddy McGinty's Goat', while later works included several popular wartime songs such as the tongue twister 'Sister Susie's Sewing Shirts for Soldiers', the tribute to farewells 'Good-Bye-Ee' and the original song 'Hush here comes the dream man', that was later reworked by soldiers into the parody 'Hush here comes a whizzbang'.
Ernest Worton David, commonly known as Worton David, produced his first hit song at the age of 17. Around this time he started working in a solicitor’s office but dedicated his spare time to writing stories, and subsequently joined The Leeds Mercury. As his talents extended to illustrations, his job also involved attending the Leeds Empire Theatre to draw cartoons of the entertainers. After selling a few of his songs to the entertainers he moved to London with his wife and son. He collaborated with many other artists and produced songs for several music hall stars in London including Marie Lloyd and Florrie Ford. One of these collaborations involved the publisher, Lawrence Wright, who is reported to have described Worton David as the best writer of lyrics in Britain. Together they produced ‘Are we downhearted? – No!’ and the very popular ‘That old-fashioned mother of mine’. When the partnership ended, David started his own music publishing business.
Towards the bottom of this page is a sound recording of this sheet music, or a parody, that was created as part of the Music and the First World War project. More information about this recording, including names of the performers, can be found on the catalogue record for the sound recording. A link to the catalogue record for the sound recording can be found at the bottom of this page, under the heading ‘Related objects’ where it can be identified with the prefix [sound recording].
History / Summary
This song appears to have been referred to with different names during the First World War. One of these shortened the title to 'Toasts to the untoasted'. This was the case with a group known as 'The Pink Dandies' who performed this song in Adelaide on 28 June 1917. Another group, believed to be the same group, referred to only as The Dandies, also performed this song over twelve months earlier, also in Adelaide, on 3 February 1916. The song was performed by a trio of three entertainers – Mr Lawrence, Mr Agnew and Mr Ford Waltham.
Within the circles of the Australian Imperial Force, there was a song referred to as 'The Toast'. This song appeared at two concerts during 1918 and 1919. The first performance was at a Christmas concert given by the 7 Australian Field Artillery Brigade at Hautmont, France, on 26 December 1918. During this concert, the song was performed by Driver Francis Jeremiah Westwood. The second performance occured aboard HMAT Port Napier on 25 May 1919, during a concert by the Napierrots concert party while returning to Australia after the war. The song was performed by Private Ernest Gittus during this concert.
Download PDF document of [Sheet music] Here's to the–! (Toasts to the Untoasted) (file)
Listen to [Sheet music] Here's to the–! (Toasts to the Untoasted)
Your browser does not support the audio element, please update your browser
Functions, ceremonies and events
Worton, David
Here's to the–! (Toasts to the Untoasted)
[Sound recording] Here's to the -! Toasts to the untoasted
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25321
|
__label__cc
| 0.728946
| 0.271054
|
Bank of Southern California Names John Chung Group Managing Director
San Diego, Calif., January 30, 2019 – Bank of Southern California, N.A. (OTC Pink: BCAL), a community business bank headquartered in San Diego, has announced the appointment of John Chung as Regional Managing Director of the Business Banking Group. He will be responsible for expanding the group’s client base, growing customer relationships and leading the team’s impact and presence throughout Southern California.
Mr. Chung is an accomplished and effective banking leader with more than 17 years of commercial banking experience. Most recently, he served as Executive Vice President, National Sales Director for Crossroads Small Business Solutions covering the Los Angeles and Orange County markets. Prior to that, he maintained leadership positions with Banc of California and City National Bank. Mr. Chung holds a bachelor’s degree from Northwestern University.
“John is a deeply rooted and experienced banker with a long history of building, developing, and leading successful business banking teams throughout Southern California,” said Tony DiVita, Executive Vice President and Chief Banking Officer. “The addition of John to our business banking group is a necessary step in further advancing our team and strengthening our growing presence in the region,” concluded DiVita.
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25324
|
__label__wiki
| 0.563137
| 0.563137
|
Client Value & Strategic Pricing
Firm Blogs
Bass, Berry & Sims Adds Timothy J. Browne, Former NBA Vice President of Legal & Business Affairs
Browne Joins Nashville Office to Bring Extensive Legal Experience in Technology, Media and Professional Sports
Nashville, Tenn. (January 31, 2017) – Bass, Berry & Sims PLC is pleased to announce that Timothy (Tim) J. Browne has joined as Counsel in the firm’s Nashville office. After more than 10 years at the league office of the National Basketball Association (NBA) in New York, Browne brings to the firm extensive experience providing counsel on matters related to the businesses of media, entertainment, technology, professional sports and marketing & advertising. His most recent NBA title was Vice President of Legal & Business Affairs and co-head of the Media Legal Group.
“Tim’s unique experience handling a wide range of media, technology and marketing legal matters at the highest level was very attractive to our firm and significantly bolsters our ability to provide the best, results-driven service for our clients both locally and across the country,” said Todd Rolapp, managing partner at Bass, Berry & Sims. “As the media, marketing and technology landscapes continue to evolve, we are committed to growing our outstanding roster with high-caliber attorneys such as Tim.”
At Bass, Berry & Sims, Browne will focus on advising clients on their production, acquisition, protection and distribution of various forms of intellectual property. He also offers counsel on a broad range of related legal matters, such as events and entertainment; use of social media platforms and related compliance; rules and regulations of professional sports leagues and amateur associations; joint ventures, collaborations and strategic alliances; general corporate governance; non-disclosure agreements; and sponsorship and advertising transactions.
During his time at the NBA, Browne advised the league and its teams on a variety of licensing and business matters in the areas of digital and social media, content production and distribution, marketing and advertising, and events and entertainment. He also negotiated and administered some of the NBA’s most significant media partnerships, including national media rights agreements between the NBA and major content companies, such as ESPN, Turner Broadcasting, YouTube, Facebook and SiriusXM.
Prior to the NBA, Browne worked as a corporate associate at Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP in New York.
Outside of the firm, Browne is an active member of the Sports Lawyers Association and the Georgetown Entertainment and Media Alliance.
Browne earned his undergraduate degree from Harvard University and his law degree from Georgetown University Law Center.
Browne is admitted to practice only in New York; Tennessee bar application pending.
About Bass, Berry & Sims PLC
With more than 270 attorneys representing numerous publicly traded companies and Fortune 500 businesses, Bass, Berry & Sims PLC has been involved in some of the largest and most significant business transactions and litigation matters in the country. For more information, visit www.bassberry.com.
In Case You Missed It:
Brian Iverson and Matt Zapadka Discuss Importance of Trademark Protection in Brewing Industry
Brian Iverson Provides Insight on Supreme Court’s Decision in Scandalous Trademark Case
U.S. Supreme Court Strikes Down Ban on Registering Immoral and Scandalous Trademarks
Timothy J. Browne
Sports & Media
Digital Media, Content & Marketing
Intellectual Property & Technology
Intellectual Property & Technology Transactions
Compliance & Government Investigations
Healthcare Disputes
Regulatory & Administrative Proceedings
Copyright © 2019 Bass, Berry & Sims PLC.
@BassBerrySims
@BassBerryHealth
@BassBerryHRLaw
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25327
|
__label__wiki
| 0.911355
| 0.911355
|
Virtual Museum Clubs, Societies and Associates Room
The first urology association
On 16 October 1886, at 1 Park Avenue, New York, several American surgeons with an interest in urology met to found an American society to be devoted to the study of genitourinary and venereal diseases. This initial meeting was the idea of Edward L Keyes Snr of New York (right) who was made temporary Chairman of the organizing committee for the fledgling society.
The first meeting of the new America Association of Genitourinary Surgeons was held at Lakewood New Jersey, on 17 & 18 May 1887. Edward Keyes was made first President. The AAGUS is the oldest urological society.
In 1890, the name of the Society was temporarily changed to “The American Association of Andrology and Syphilology” because many of the papers presented at the meetings were of this nature. In 1892, however, the name of the association reverted to the original one.
The purpose of the Association is to promote the study of diseases of the genitourinary system and the membership is limited in number.
There are 75 active members, academic surgeons who have distinguished themselves in urology. Fellows, Active Members who have reached the age of 65, International Members and Honorary Members are elected, based on outstanding contributions to Urology.
The AAGUS Mallet
The AAGUS mallet (gavel) was presented to the British Clinical Society of Urologists. This Society no longer exists but it may have been a precursor of the Urology Section of the Royal Society of Medicine. The mallet (gavel) is now in the "History of BAUS Room" under "BAUS Paraphernalia".
Click here to see the AAGUS gavel & read about its history ...
The original members of the AAGUS were:
Dr John R Brinton, Philadelphia, PA Dr Edward L Keyes, New York City, NY
Dr John P Bryson, St Louis, MO Dr Claudius H Mastin, Mobile, AL
Dr Arthur T Cabot, Boston, MA Dr Prince A Morrow, New York City, NY
Dr George Chismore, San Francisco, CA Dr Fessenden N Otis, New York City, NY
Dr Algeron S Garnett, Hot Springs, AR Dr Roswell Park, Buffalo, NY
Dr Francis B Greenough, Boston, MA Dr Frank W Rockwell, Brooklyn, NY
Dr Gilbert C Greenway, Hot Springs, AR Dr Nicholas Senn, Chicago, IL
Dr SW Gross, Philadelphia, PA Dr Frederick R Sturgis, New York City, NY
Dr Moses Gunn, Chicago, IL Dr Robert W Taylor, New York City, NY
Dr William H Hingston, Montreal, Canada Dr J William White, Philadelphia, PA
Dr J Nevins Hyde, Chicago, IL
← Back to Clubs, Societies and Associates Room
AAGUS gavel Keyes mallet
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25328
|
__label__wiki
| 0.965302
| 0.965302
|
Blue plaque on 'important' John Wesley Methodist site
https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-dorset-25056530
Image caption An old drawing of the building was found with the deeds that identified its connection with John Wesley
A blue plaque has been placed on to a building believed to be the first in Dorset used by the founder of the Methodist Church.
According to deeds discovered by new-age shop owners John Conway and Allison Chan, John Wesley preached at Epworth Villa in Weymouth in 1776.
Methodist archivist John Russell called it "historically very important".
Ms Chan said she was "proud and privileged" to be working and living at the property.
The business partners bought the building last year.
Mr Conway said: "I was looking at the deeds because they were beautifully written - the way people used to write, with the proper penmanship.
"And as we were going through them Wesley's name jumped out and I thought 'that's interesting'.
Image caption Business partners John Conway and Allison Chan are proud of their shop's historical importance
"This was a lost house that Wesley wasn't on the radar as having visited."
Mr Russell, archivist and conservator for the Southampton Methodist district, spent 15 months examining deeds and indentures for the Grade-II listed Georgian residence.
He also cross-referenced them with passages in the sixth of Wesley's eight journals.
In it he described the "new house at Melcombe Regis" where he preached to an audience "that the house would well contain".
Mr Russell said: "John Wesley went to that house on the 6th of September 1776 and preached to a large group of people, thereby making it the very first Methodist meeting house in Weymouth, if not in Dorset."
The "four alls" of Methodism
All need to be saved - the doctrine of original sin
All can be saved - Universal Salvation
All can know they are saved - Assurance
All can be saved completely - Christian perfection
Neither of its new owners practise Methodism.
Ms Chan describes herself as "spiritual-minded", and "open to any religion, staying neutral", whilst Mr Conway was brought up Roman Catholic but is now more "liberal-minded".
Ms Chan said: "There was something about the building. You could feel the atmosphere. It's a very special place."
The Methodist Church has a global membership of 70 million people.
The plaque was unveiled in the presence of Weymouth and Portland Mayor Ray Banham.
Bust of Methodist founder John Wesley unveiled in Monmouthshire
How might one brush up on British history's Christian bits?
BBC - Religions - Methodist Church
The Methodist Church in Britain
The Wesley Historical Society
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25330
|
__label__wiki
| 0.789966
| 0.789966
|
Rabah Arezki
Senior Fellow, Middle East Initiative
Rabah Arezki is the Chief Economist for the Middle East and North Africa Region at the World Bank and a Senior Fellow at Harvard University’s John F. Kennedy School of Government.
Previously, Rabah Arezki was the Chief of the Commodities and Environment Unit in the Research Department at the International Monetary Fund and a non-resident fellow at the Brookings Institution. He is also an external research associate at the University of Oxford, a research fellow at the CESifo, a resource person at the African Economic Research Consortium and a research fellow at the Economic Research Forum.
Mr. Arezki is the author and co-author of numerous academic journal publications and other publications, including the Quarterly Journal of Economics, the Economic Journal, the European Economic Review, the Journal of International Economics, the Journal of Development Economics, and Economic Policy. Mr. Arezki’s research covers a wide array of topics including the macro-development of resource rich countries, energy and the environment, the economics of the Middle-East and Africa, institutions, human capital, innovation and economic growth.
Mr. Arezki is the co-editor, and co-author of five books including Beyond the Curse: Policies to Harness the Power of Natural Resources, Commodity Price Volatility and Inclusive Growth in Low-Income Countries, Shifting Commodity Markets in a Globalized World, Coping with the Climate Crisis: Mitigation Policies and Global Coordination, and Rethinking the Macroeconomics of Resource Rich Countries.
Many of Mr. Arezki’s research papers have been cited extensively in academic circles and in prominent media outlets such as the Economist, the Financial Times, the New York Times, the New Yorker, the Wall Street Journal, and the Washington Post. Mr. Arezki is also a frequent contributor to Project Syndicate, VoxEU, Finance and Development, an associate editor of the Revue d’Economie du Développement and was the Editor of the IMF Research Bulletin.
Mr. Arezki received his M.S. from the Ecole Nationale de la Statistique et de l’Administration Economique in Paris , M.A. from the University of Paris-1 PantheonSorbonne and Ph.D. in economics from the European University Institute.
Last Updated: Jul 11, 2019, 9:45am
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25335
|
__label__wiki
| 0.576005
| 0.576005
|
November 14, 2018 News » Local News
In Local Races, a Huge Jump in Voting from the Last Midterm Election
Whether due to 'Motor Voter' registrations or an influx of newcomers, numbers went way up
By Nicole Vulcan
Midterm elections—the elections that take place in between presidential election years—traditionally see lower voter turnout rates than presidential election years. That holds true for the 2018 election cycle, compared to 2016, but in terms of sheer numbers, voters in Deschutes County turned out in far bigger numbers this year than they did in 2014.
Deschutes County's drive-through ballot drop site was a busy place Nov. 6.
Here are some stats on voting from this year's unofficial ballot results, compared to years past.
-In 2016—the year that pitted Donald Trump against Hillary Clinton for the presidency—voter turnout in Deschutes County was 82.04 percent, with 100,261 of the 122,216 eligible voters in the county voting in that election.
-This year, 2018, voter turnout was 69.21 percent—though the voter numbers went way up. This year, there were 135,414 eligible voters in Deschutes County, with 93,715 of them turning out for this midterm election.
-Compare that to the last midterm election in 2014, when there were 99,298 eligible voters in the county, and 72.63 percent of them—or 72,125 voters voted in the 2014 election.
Here's another look at that data:
Voter Turnout %
# of Voters Who Voted
2014 72.63 72,125 of 99,298
2016 82.04 100,261 of 122,216
2018 69.21 93,715 of 135,414
From those numbers, it's clear that far more people voted—at least numbers-wise, if not percentage-wise—in this election than did in the last midterm election.
What's with the staggering rise in the number of eligible voters in the county?
People are moving to Deschutes County at a high rate, and Bend was rated the 4th-fastest growing city in the United States by WalletHub this year. That's one reason for an increase in eligible voters. According to U.S. Census data, the population of Deschutes County was 169,497 in 2014. In 2017—the most recent data available from the U.S. Census—186,875 people lived in the county.
That's an increase of just 17,378 people from 2014 to 2017—far fewer than the increase in voter registrations. From the 2014 election to the 2018 election, Deschutes County added 36,116 more voters.
Confused yet? Why would the number of voters increase at a far higher rate than the population?
Nicole Vulcan
A big change happened in Oregon in 2015. That year, Governor Kate Brown signed Oregon's "Motor Voter" law, which made it possible for Oregonians to automatically register to vote when they get a driver's license or state I.D. Voter numbers went way up by the next year, by 300,000 people in one year statewide.
Voting in Local Races Way Up
Across the board, the number of voters voting in local elections in Deschutes County were way up in terms of the numbers of people voting in those elections. Here's a look at the numbers, using the most recent unofficial elections results from the Deschutes County Clerk.
Congressional District 2 Race:
(+24,031 voted this year)
Oregon Governor:
Oregon House District 53:
(+8,546 voted this year)
Deschutes County Commissioner Pos. 1:
2014: 47,446 (unopposed race)
2018: 88,989 (two-candidate race)
More Local News »
Latest in Local News
Local News »
Source Weekly Update Podcast 7/18/19
by Tyler Anderson
Central Oregon and the Space Race, the East Trails Project and how Flooding will not stop Library Lovers. More »
by Chris Miller
Of those who filled out the City's online questionnaire, most ID transportation as the biggest issue More »
by Magdalena Bokowa
Diving deep into the history of Crater Lake, Oregon's only national park More »
More by Nicole Vulcan
Food Preservation Hotline Open
For all your canning and preserving needs
The programs help keep kids fed who might not otherwise have access to adequate nutrition
A Food Cart Run by Kids
Kid Made Camp in Bend and Sisters
Meanwhile, Back at the Ranch...
It was once an over-grazed range that became the home of Rajneeshpuram. Now another type of religion occupies the space, along with ranchers committed to land restoration
Is it the "Year of The Woman" Again?
A record number of women are running for public office
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25336
|
__label__wiki
| 0.819692
| 0.819692
|
▪ Unlawful possession of a stolen vehicle
St. Clair County Circuit Judge Stephen Rice set bail for Lawrence at $500.000. He is currently being held at St. Clair County Jail.
Caseyville Police Chief Frank Moore said the home invasion occurred about 2:30 a.m. Christmas day in the 2700 block of Cliff Drive. The victim reported to police that “someone broke into his home and shot him,” Moore said.
Officers rendered aid to the victim until paramedics arrived. The victim, who was not identified by police, was taken by ambulance to a St. Louis hospital where he was treated and admitted to the Intensive Care Unit, Moore said.
A police investigation identified Lawrence and another possible suspect, who has not been charged.
Both suspects allegedly entered the victim’s home with the intent to steal money that they believed he had, Moore said.
“The victim who was sleeping, woke up thinking it was one of his kids dropping off presents. He went out to the front room area where the suspects confronted him with a gun and threatened to kill him,” Moore said.
Police say Lawrence allegedly demanded money and asked where the safe was. The victim told the intruders there was no money.
“Lawrence forced the victim into the bedroom where he saw a fire safe in the closet. He demanded the key to the safe firing more than one shot at and near the victim,” Moore said.
Police say the victim, fearing the suspect was going to kill him, charged at Lawrence and struggled with him for the gun, Moore said.
“Lawrence fired several more shots, striking the victim once. The victim continued to fight with Lawrence and was able to get the gun away from him,” Moore said.
The gun didn’t have any bullets left in it, police said.
Lawrence’s alleged accomplice fled in the getaway car, according to Moore.
“Lawrence stole the victim’s car out of the driveway. It was located a shortime later engulfed in flames by the Collinsville Police Department,” he said.
Moore said police located Lawrence on Friday in the 300 block of North Main in Caseyville and arrested him. He was in a stolen vehicle from Missouri, according to police.
Meet the 2019 Miss O’Fallon Pageant candidates, say farewell to reigning 2018 Queen
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25341
|
__label__cc
| 0.73425
| 0.26575
|
Arkansas Congressional Delegation Asks Energy Secretary to Address Oversight Concerns
WASHINGTON— U.S. Senators John Boozman and Tom Cotton—along with Congressmen Rick Crawford, French Hill, Steve Womack and Bruce Westerman—are asking Secretary of Energy Ernest Moniz to address their detailed concerns about the federal government’s possible unprecedented partnership with a third party to construct an electrical transmission project through Arkansas.
The Department of Energy (DOE) is considering the use of Section 1222 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (P.L. 109–58) to partner in an energy transmission project in Arkansas, Oklahoma and Tennessee. Throughout the history of electric transmission siting, transmission projects have been reviewed and approved at the state level.
In the letter, the members outline their opposition to the use of Section 1222 in this context, seek answers to a number of related concerns and call on DOE to legally justify its potential actions.
“Again, we believe the Project does not meet the statutory requirements of Section 1222, and state-level reviews of many serious concerns are necessary. Therefore, in our federal lawmaking and oversight role, we oppose the use of Section 1222 in this context and we urge you to disapprove it. We recognize that in many contexts the development of new electric transmission infrastructure is necessary despite costs and adverse impacts. We are not taking a position on whether this Project or any other should move forward under non-federal authorities. Such decisions regarding electric transmissions are appropriately left to elected officials at the state and local level, where they have resided for generations. State and local officials can most effectively weigh the questions and concerns raised in this letter—and more importantly, concerns raised by our constituents—and determine whether such projects should be permitted,” the delegation states in its letter.
Before asking a series of pointed oversight questions related to Section 1222, the letter urges the Department to protect each state’s authority to review transmission projects. Specifically, the letter states that this authority is important because it allows states to consider and reduce the impact of a number of potential factors, including: (1) harmful environmental impacts; (2) disproportionate impacts on rural, poor, and disadvantaged communities; (3) reduced property values on lands adjacent to the project; (4) infringements upon private property rights; (5) negative impacts to energy exploration, development, and production, including harmful impacts to existing energy infrastructure; (6) increased land fragmentation; (7) degraded public safety; (8) tribal opposition and concerns; (9) impacts to migratory birds and threatened or endangered species; (10) the exclusion of many Arkansas and Oklahoma power customers from use of the proposed transmission line; (11) the exclusion of Regional Transmission Organizations (i.e. the Southwest Power Pool and the Midcontinent Independent System Operator) from appropriate control of the transmission line; (12) decreased productivity on farms, ranches and forests; and (13) adverse socio-economic impacts associated with each of the issues addressed in this letter.
Read the letter in its entirety here.
AR Delegation Sec 1222 Oversight Letter - 20150914 - FINAL.pdf (2.0 MBs)
ICYMI: SW Times-Record Editorial in Support of APPROVAL Act
Federal Lawmakers Request More Time for Comment Period on Plains & Eastern Clean Line Transmission Project
Boozman, Cotton Introduce Bill Giving States Power to Reject Federal Electric Transmission Projects
Arkansas Delegation Requests Extension for Public Comment Period on Plains & Eastern Clean Line Transmission Project
Press Releases Energy Regulatory Reform
Permalink: https://www.boozman.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/2015/9/arkansas-congressional-delegation-asks-energy-secretary-to-address-oversight-concerns
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25344
|
__label__wiki
| 0.955407
| 0.955407
|
The deadliest disaster in Boston’s history happened 75 years ago. Some worry the city is forgetting.
"This cannot get lost."
Aftermath of the fire at Cocoanut Grove on November 28, 1942. –File
Nik DeCosta-Klipa
It all happened in less than 15 minutes.
Just a few blocks from the Boston Common, the city witnessed the worst-ever tragedy in its long history when a rapid inferno engulfed Cocoanut Grove, a popular nightclub packed with people out on the holiday weekend, exactly 75 years ago Tuesday.
Now, even those with close ties to the 1942 disaster — the second deadliest building fire in American history — say it’s tough to locate the nightclub’s former location where rows of indistinct Bay Village apartment buildings now stand.
“The sands of time are basically covering over an event that is of huge importance historically locally, but also nationally,” said Dr. Ken Marshall, a local surgeon and chairman of the Cocoanut Grove Memorial Committee.
Marshall, whose mother spent several days as a City Hospital nurse treating victims of the fire, said that not only was the sheer loss of life hard to fathom, but the events left an important legacy.
“This changed fire laws and safety rules and building code regulations, and monumental things in medicine,” he told Boston.com, adding that “95 percent of people” don’t even know where it happened.
The astonishingly quick blaze overtook most of its victims trapped inside the club, sent others enveloped in flames fleeing into the cold streets, and swamped Boston’s hospitals with hundreds of burn victims. In the midst of World War II, The Boston Globe described the horrific scenes as a “dress rehearsal” for first responders if the city was ever blitzed.
“If the young private and his girl friend were dead, maybe it was best,” the Globe wrote the following morning, describing the injuries of those burned in the fire. The paper described unrecognizable bodies that were “blackened [trunks] without arms or legs.”
In the end, 492 people — mostly young adults out on a Saturday night — were counted dead. More than 400 people were additionally hospitalized.
The names of those killed reportedly filled 11 pages of documents; bodies of the trapped victims were found literally piled up inside the club. The fire still stands as Boston’s deadliest disaster, as well as the worst ever non-natural disaster in New England. It’s second only to Chicago’s Iroquois Theatre blaze, which killed 602 in 1903, as the country’s worst building fire.
Located in what is now Bay Village, Cocoanut Grove was one of the largest nightclubs in Boston. According to the Globe, the 15-year-old destination had a retractable roof over the main floor that could be rolled open during the summer. The inside was adorned with fake palm trees and other tropical decorations. The Globe described it as a “mecca for politicians” and a venue favored for celebrations by the Red Sox and Bruins.
“You’d find collegians shagging on the dance floor,” the paper wrote. “Jitterbugs performing. The town’s leading racket men frequently visited there, mingling with Back Bay society folk. The atmosphere was always gay.”
The Globe estimated that more than 1,000 people were in the club that Saturday night. Its legal capacity was 460.
According to the Boston Fire Department’s official report a year later, the blaze began around 10:15 p.m. in the Melody Lounge, the club’s basement bar. It was first seen burning in an artificial palm tree and on the fake cloth ceiling in the corner of the room.
According to the Globe, witnesses in the club said a busboy had just restored a lightbulb in the same corner after a couple unscrewed it, and had lit a match in an attempt to find the socket. It was never substantiated that anything the 16-year-old did actually caused the fire.
However it sparked, fire officials said the intense fire “immediately” spread throughout the basement lounge along the ceiling. As it traveled along the low ceiling, it scorched heads and ignited the hair of some people inside the lobby, officials said.
Within five minutes, the blaze — which was described by witnesses as a yellow or blue “ball of fire” — had reached and spread throughout the crowded first floor. Some people were burned to death before they were even able to escape their tables, according to Marshall.
“The flames poured out of the exits on Piedmont Street, Shawmut Street, and Broadway,” said the fire department’s report. “It was at these exits as well as in the low passageway leading from the Caricature Bar to the Broadway Lounge where the bodies of many of the patrons were found piled up.”
John Rizzo, who was a 21-year-old waiter at the Grove, recounted the scenes inside the club as the fire quickly spread in a 1992 Globe article.
“Everybody panicked,” he said. “I knew there was a door across the dining room, but about 150 people were headed for it, and everybody was pressed together, arms jammed to our sides. The flame came down the side of the dining room like a forest fire, and within minutes, the stage was consumed with fire.”
Those trying to escaped were trapped at many exits, most of which were locked to prevent club-goers from skipping out on their bills. The revolving doors leading to Shawmut Street became a “death trap,” according to the Globe.
The portico was a furnace, and firefighters were unable to get under the three arches of stucco, unable to penetrate nine feet to the revolving door, jammed with bodies, where they could see, through the glass, flames, smoke and men and women, succumbing and falling in a stack. Officer Elmer Brooks recalled that when rescuers tried to pull bodies from the door, arms and legs came off in their hands.
According to the Globe, club-goers were seen jumping from the Grove’s roof onto adjacent cars. Others who managed to get out were seen running down Piedmont Street with their clothes and hair in flames. The streets were reportedly lined with bodies.
Ironically, many of the people who remained in the basement as the flames spread — rather than attempting desperate escapes — were able to safely find their way out once the fireball traveled to the rest of the club.
Scores of firefighters and police officers, later aided by local military personnel, responded to the scene within minutes of the first alarm. However, the fire was over so quickly that the majority of the response centered around treating the victims. (It burned so quickly, in fact, that there is only one existing photo of the flames, Marshall said.)
Firemen inspect the ruins of the nightclub November 28, 1942. —File
Local traffic was virtually completely stopped to give way for the “steady stream” of ambulances racing back and forth between the scene and nearby hospitals, according to the Globe.
“My mother didn’t come home for four days,” Marshall said.
A legacy with a silver lining
The exact cause of what started the fire is still unclear. However, 51 years later in 1993, the Boston Fire Department concluded that methyl chloride, an extremely flammable gas from a faulty air conditioning system, was the reason the blaze spread through the club.
According to the Globe, 11 men were indicted in the aftermath of the fire for a myriad of infringements, in addition to allowing the club to be over its legal capacity:
Busboys were under legal age. A firefighter said he had inspected the club eight days before and found everything satisfactory. And yet, not only were decorations not fireproof, they were highly inflammable. The electrician who wired the Cocoanut Grove had no license, and he testified that the owner, Barney Welansky, had told him not to worry, that Welansky was “in with the mayor.” Taxes had been cut mysteriously from $18,000 to $9,000. Not only did a revolving door become jammed, but other exits were locked, trapping scores of screaming victims. A plate-glass window that would have provided egress for 200 people was boarded up. The Portland Press Herald called it a “perfectly stupid way to learn elementary public safety.”
Welansky, the owner, was the only one convicted, serving less than four years and later telling reporters that, “I wish I’d died with the others in the fire.”
Marshall, who is leading a movement to build a free-standing memorial to the Cocoanut Grove fire says that while his generation remembers the horrific events well, it’s less well known among Greater Boston’s younger population, despite its enormous historical significance.
“This is a huge loss of life, and their legacy is the improvements that happened afterward,” he said.
The fire department’s 1943 report made a number of future safety recommendations, many of which were later passed into law, such as requiring automatic sprinklers, illuminated “EXIT” signs, and banning flammable fabric and false cloth ceilings. Revolving doors were banned, unless they had two doors that opened out immediately adjacent.
Additionally, Marshall says the medical response revolutionized treatment of burn victims and pulmonary injuries. It was also the first large-scale use of penicillin to treat civilians.
For all this to happen — both the tragedy and the improvements — in the heart of Boston without any significant lasting marker, Marshall says, is “ridiculous.” Currently, there is only a plaque and a street marking the tragedy in the changing neighborhood. The plaque was even relocated down the street last year to make way for new luxury condos.
“It is absolutely incomprehensible that […] there is not a large, stand-alone memorial to an event that dramatically changed the way that buildings are constructed and how burn victims are treated,” Globe columnist Kevin Cullen wrote last year. “Laws were changed to encourage public safety. If hundreds died at the Cocoanut Grove, tens of thousands are alive today because of the advances that followed the disaster.”
More than 400 people, including former Boston Mayor Raymond Flynn, attended a 75th anniversary event Saturday organized by Marshall’s committee. The group is hoping to get a free-standing memorial built in nearby Statler Park, an effort which Marshall says Mayor Marty Walsh was supportive of during his first campaign. However, progress has since stalled.
“It’s frustrating,” he said.
Currently, the memorial plaque near the site reads “Phoenix out of Ashes,” which Marshall says refers to the legacy of the victims.
“This is a monumentally important event,” he said. “And certainly one of the biggest events in the history of Boston. … This cannot get lost.”
TOPICS: History Obsessions
This photo shows just how close a shark was to shore in Truro before beach closure July 17, 2019 | 11:28 AM
Sanders defends 'Medicare for All' after criticism by Biden July 17, 2019 | 11:06 AM
House holds 2 Trump officials in contempt in census dispute July 17, 2019 | 10:44 AM
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25346
|
__label__wiki
| 0.988507
| 0.988507
|
Keolis lost $9.9m on commuter rail in 2014, audit says
Commuter rail operator looking to reduce costs
By Nicole Dungca Globe Staff,June 16, 2015, 7:14 p.m.
Some passengers have been forced to stand up during rush-hour rides on commuter rail trains.(Harrison Hill for The Boston Globe)
An independent audit shows that the MBTA's commuter rail operator is losing money and has been borrowing from its international parent company to make ends meet — revealing a company that must cut costs even as it tries to repair an aging fleet and make its trains run on time.
An audit obtained by the Globe shows that Keolis Commuter Services ended 2014 with a net loss of $9.97 million after taking over the T's commuter rail service in July. The company expects to lose more money in 2015, according to the audit completed by PricewaterhouseCoopers, the accounting firm.
Leslie Aun, a spokeswoman for the company, revealed few specifics about how the company is cutting back, saying such information was private and competitive.
She also said such losses are typical in the first few years of such a large contract.
"You don't walk into a situation like this and start making money off the bat," she said. "These are big contracts. You have to make a lot of changes."
Keolis Commuter Services, the Boston outpost of the French transit group Keolis, took over in July, after it was chosen for a $2.68 billion, eight-year contract over the former operators, the Massachusetts Bay Commuter Railroad Company.
Pressed for specifics on how the company is reducing expenses, Aun provided a list of ways that Keolis is trying to improve upon practices under Massachusetts Bay they consider outdated and inefficient.
In one example, she said Massachusetts Bay used to schedule employees using an Excel spreadsheet that was time-intensive and inefficient. Since taking over, Keolis has implemented a "modern system" to streamline the process and save money, she said.
"We're looking at literally every aspect of the commuter rail operations for ways to operate more efficiently and to reduce unnecessary costs — from how we schedule employees to how we order supplies," she wrote in an e-mail.
But Joseph A. English, who heads the local chapter of the Association of Railroad and Airline Supervisors union, said he worries that such fine-tuning avoids the real problem: That Keolis bid too little for the contract and doesn't have enough resources to properly operate the rail system. "You just don't have enough people," he said.
Aun said the company is still hiring for positions left open by Massachusetts Bay and there are a number of one-time expenses that will not exist next year.
"Most expenses were investments in operational improvements such as a new safety program and the opening of the first dedicated customer service call center," Aun wrote in an e-mail.
The total operating expenses of Keolis Commuter Services in 2014 amounted to $175.8 million in 2014, with about $131.2 million going toward wages and benefits. It employs about 2,000 workers, and about 1,800 are in unions, according to the audit, which is required under the terms of its contract.
The company had about $166 million in net revenue for 2014, according to the audit. The recent losses amount to about 6 percent of that amount.
Aun said some of the losses stem from the fines the company has had to pay the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority for trains that are late, dirty, or subpar in other ways. Since October, Keolis has paid the maximum amount for late trains every month. The company has also been fined for other shortcomings every month.
The company had to pay $2.6 million in total fines for the year of 2014, according to the audit.
Extreme weather, old trains and tracks, and leadership troubles have all contributed to Keolis's problems in late 2014 and this year. A series of relentless snowstorms slammed the company in late January and February. Even after the snow melted, the T released figures saying about 14 percent of Keolis trains ran late in May. [The MBTA has since said some of those trains were late because of factors outside of Keolis's control.] Keolis has also warned that delays will persist because of the hot weather.
Aun said the company has been challenged by many "unpleasant surprises" after taking over the contract. Though she did not mention the previous operator by name, she alluded to "poor maintenance of the locomotive fleet" and a "lack of modern business processes" of Keolis's predecessor.
"We're here for the long term and are making changes that we know from experience will lead to a better service," she wrote in an e-mail.
Michael Verseckes, a spokesman for the state Department of Transportation, said the MBTA is reviewing the finances of Keolis Commuter Services to make sure the company lives up to its contract.
"The MBTA does not believe that the losses at KCS will adversely affect customer service," he said.
Keolis S.A., the French parent company of Keolis Commuter Services, has a lot on the line with the operation of Boston's commuter rail system, one of the largest in the country.
The T's commuter rail represents one of the company's first major forays into the American rail market. Keolis S.A., which is owned in part by the French National Railroad Company, is also the parent company of a separate subsidiary that runs a commuter railroad in Virginia. But the MBTA's commuter rail — which provides more than 129,000 rides every weekday — overshadows that operation.
The audit shows that both the international company and the French national railroad have subsidized the Boston operation.
Keolis Commuter Services repaid $20 million in principal to its parent company and $8.8 million in principal to the French National Railroad Company, according to the audit. Keolis Commuter Services also paid the entities for consulting and interest on the loans.
Asked about the funding from the parent company, Aun said Keolis Commuter Services fully expects to be profitable.
"They provided the initial funding to make the investments as a strategic business decision because they believe this is an important piece of business," Aun said.
Nicole Dungca can be reached at nicole.dungca@globe.com. Follow her on Twitter @ndungca.
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25347
|
__label__wiki
| 0.986327
| 0.986327
|
Needham Olympian Aly Raisman addresses her abuser
By Dylan McGuinness and Danny McDonald Globe Correspondent and Globe Staff ,January 19, 2018, 11:57 a.m.
Former Olympian Aly Raisman on Friday called the systematic abuse of gymnasts by team doctor Larry Nassar the “worst epidemic of sexual abuse in the history of sports.”
Former Olympian Aly Raisman on Friday called the systematic abuse of athletes by former USA Gymnastics team doctor Larry Nassar the “worst epidemic of sexual abuse in the history of sports” and called on the organization to take more action in addressing the abuse and its survivors.
“Larry, you do realize now that we, this group of women you so heartlessly abused over such a long period of time, are now a force, and you are nothing,” the Needham native said before staring directly at her abuser in a Michigan courtroom. “The tables have turned. . . . Larry, it’s time for you to listen to me.”
The comments were part of Raisman’s victim impact statement at Nassar’s sentencing hearing in Michigan, where he was found guilty of molesting girls at Michigan State University and his home. Raisman said she did not initially plan on testifying but decided to do so after hearing the statements of other victims.
The six-time Olympic medalist, who was team captain at the 2012 and 2016 games, is among more than 130 women who have made abuse claims against Nassar. She has taken on an increasingly high-profile role in criticizing Nassar, and the sport’s organizers, telling her story in a recent book and in television appearances.
Raisman, now 23, said Nassar had abused her since she was a little girl, including at the 2012 Olympic Games in London.
Nassar, who worked with USA Gymnastics for more than two decades, is facing a minimum sentence of 25 to 40 years in prison. In a different criminal case in December, Nassar, 54, was sentenced to 60 years in federal prison. In that, case a federal judge said he should “never again have access to children.”
Dozens of women and girls have spoken of Nassar’s abuse. Judge Rosemarie Aquilina announced on Friday that at least 120 victims’ statements would be read, and more were being added every day.
Raisman’s fellow Olympians Simone Biles, McKayla Maroney, Jordyn Wieber, and Gabby Douglas have also said they were among Nassar’s victims as teens.
Nassar pleaded guilty to molestation charges in November. He has admitted to sexually assaulting female gymnasts and possessing child pornography.
Raisman pleaded with the judge to give him the “strongest possible sentence.”
“There is no map that shows you the pathway to healing. Realizing that you’re a survivor of sexual abuse is really hard to put into words,” Raisman said. “I cannot adequately capture the level of disgust I feel when I think about how this happened.’
Raisman called herself a survivor, not a victim.
“I’m also here to tell you, Larry, that you have not taken gymnastics away from me. I love this sport and that love is stronger than the evil that resides in you and those who enabled you to hurt many people,” she said. “You already know that you’re going to a place where you won’t be able to hurt anybody ever again, but I’m here to tell you that I will not rest until every last trace of your influence on this sport has been destroyed like the cancer it is.”
Raisman called for an investigation into the people in positions of power who enabled and protected Nassar, whom she called the architect of some of the policies and procedures used by USA Gymnastics and the US Olympic Committee. She said USA Gymnastics was “rotting from the inside.’’
“If over these many years, just one adult listened and had the courage and character to act, this tragedy could have been avoided,” she said.
The adults instead protected Nassar, Raisman said. “This is like being violated all over again.”
USA Gymnastics, the national governing body for the sport, said Thursday it would cut ties with Karolyi Ranch, a renowned training facility that was one of the places where Nassar had molested the gymnasts.
But Raisman said the organization had “neglected to mention” that it had athletes training there the day that the statement was released. “Why must the manipulation continue?” she asked.
“To believe in gymnastics is to believe in change, but how are we supposed to believe in change when the organizations won’t even acknowledge the problem?” she asked.
She then specifically addressed a statement from USA Gymnastics CEO Kerry Perry, in which she said the victims’ statements have left an indelible effect on her daily job.
“This sounds great, Ms. Perry, but at this point, talk is cheap,” Raisman said, before calling for independent investigations into the abuse and adjustments to safety policies she said Nassar himself helped create.
“That was well-deserved,” the judge told Raisman after her statement. “You were never the problem, but you are so much the solution.”
Raisman had previously detailed Nassar’s abuse in her book “Fierce,” which was released in November. In the book, Raisman wrote she dreaded her time with him.
“‘Treatment sessions’ with him always made me feel tense and uncomfortable,” she wrote.
In a “60 Minutes” interview in November, Raisman pushed for a culture change at USA Gymnastics.
“What did USA Gymnastics do, and Larry Nassar do, to manipulate these girls so much that they are so afraid to speak up?” she said during the interview.
Nassar’s cases prompted Pat Miles, the former US attorney for Michigan who first charged Nassar, to issue a statement Friday, calling for an independent investigation into “who knew what when” about his crimes at Michigan State University and elsewhere.
“We must not let up in this fight until justice is served,” said Miles, now a Democratic candidate for attorney general in Michigan.
Material from the New York Times and the Associated Press was included in this report. Danny McDonald can be reached at daniel.mcdonald@globe.com. Dylan McGuinness can be reached at dylan.mcguinness@globe.com.
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25348
|
__label__wiki
| 0.714881
| 0.714881
|
Warren, Markey join other senators in requesting an update on Puerto Rico from federal agencies
By Felicia Gans Globe Staff,March 15, 2018, 9:02 a.m.
Fernando Muniz looked out from his hotel room, where he has taken refuge for months after Hurricane Maria caused damage to his San Juan residence.(Carlos Giusti/Associated Press)
On Wednesday morning, about 140,000 Mass. utility customers were left without power in the wake of a nor’easter that brought whipping winds and heavy snow to the region. But on the same day, a similar number of residents were without power in Puerto Rico — except they have been in the dark for six months.
This week, five senators, including Elizabeth Warren and Ed Markey of Massachusetts, expressed their own concern about the US territory in a letter to federal officials about efforts to restore electricity on the island, where more than 130,000 residents are still without power.
The letter, sent on Wednesday to the Federal Emergency Management Agency and the US Army Corps of Engineers, requested an overview of the agencies’ efforts to restore power, a description of the difficulties they’re facing, and an updated time estimate for full restoration, among many other items.
Senators Bernie Sanders of Vermont, Richard Blumenthal of Connecticut, and Catherine Cortez Masto of Nevada also signed onto the letter.
“Federal and local responders have struggled to provide relief to citizens living in the mountainous, more sparely populated regions of central Puerto Rico, where transporting supplies and vehicles is more difficult than in coastal towns,” the senators wrote in the letter. “Without power, hard-to-reach areas have struggled to access clean water and preserve food, leading some areas and schools to disconnect from the PREPA [Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority] grid entirely.”
Hurricane Maria struck Puerto Rico on Sept. 20, 2017, as a Category 4 storm, leaving nearly 1.5 million customers without power. At the end of the year, 100 days after the hurricane, about 55 percent of customers had their power restored.
Now, about 92 percent of customers have their power back, according to the senators’ letter. Federal and territory agencies have said they hope to restore electricity to up to 95 percent of customers by the end of March.
The senators asked in their letter what materials and resources will be necessary to reach this goal and also looked ahead at the next hurricane season, which will start on June 1.
“Do you believe that the Puerto Rican electrical grid will be capable of withstanding and rapidly recovering from a Category 4 or Category 5 hurricane during the 2018 hurricane season?” the senators asked.
Puerto Rico Letter (PDF)
Puerto Rico Letter (Text)
Felicia Gans can be reached at felicia.gans@globe.com. Follow her on Twitter @FeliciaGans.
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25349
|
__label__cc
| 0.554701
| 0.445299
|
You can’t miss Bill Rawn. On the beach near his second home in Provincetown, on the street by his downtown office, even inside the Cambridge Public Library (where he’s pictured), his 6-foot-7 frame is usually the tallest around. His building designs—including Boston’s elegant W Hotel and Residences and the Ozawa Concert Hall at Tanglewood—share a similar prominence. It’s for this reason that his firm, William Rawn Associates, has earned 181 awards in the past 26 years. We caught up with the lawyer turned architectural hero to learn more about his inspirations.
By Madison Kahn· 6/4/2013, 4:23 a.m.
Photo by Matt Kalinowski
Were you always interested in design?
As a kid, I would draw up buildings, floor plans, models, and city plans. And I was a big sports fan, so I did some journalism, too, writing about sports in my own self-published newspaper. But when I was 15, my dad told me that if I kept these hobbies up I would starve.
So you went to Harvard Law School instead, and became deeply entrenched in Washington politics. What made you return to your passion?
I found my calling when I took a couple of art courses at Harvard’s Carpenter Center. I had those other passions, but I found that what I really cared about was architecture—at the city-planning level and at the doorknob level.
What’s the most important thing you learned in school?
Working in the community-affairs office at UMass taught me the most important thing: how to listen. You don’t start drawing until you’ve listened for a very long time. The minute you draw, you get invested in those drawings and you risk losing your openness.
So how do you incorporate listening into your practice?
We figure out what we call the patterns of place. Every building, every city, every neighborhood has a feeling of place, and we have to plug into it. The community knows better than I do what its needs are, its desires, and its aspirations. The citizenry, the taxpayers—it’s their building. The audience is what makes it go. The best architects don’t start drawing until they’ve talked to the soul.
What else do you do besides listen? The only way to get to know a place is to go
there. Our team lives in a place for three days maybe three times during the design process, so we really soak in the spirit. It’s the way we institutionalize listening.
We call it contemporary modernism. We believe in basic modernist principles, but feathered through the sieve of the patterns of place. The two work hand in hand, because if we get the patterns of place right, most clients are going to let us do a more-contemporary building. Likewise, if we give the contemporariness warmth and natural light, that kind of makes it more acceptable to people. Architecture, ultimately, is a public art.
Where do you find inspiration?
I like to think that our eyes, and the connections of our eyes to our mind to our hands, which draw, are so well developed that it all comes from life experience—of seeing so many things. What’s second is trying to interpret place. Where is this space? It’s all about making places that people want to be.
Place seems quite integral to your work. What spots have influenced you most?
I’ve lived in cities since I was 18, and I find them fascinating places on all levels—experientially and the energy and all that. I spent a summer in Barcelona, and I fell in love with the Catalan culture, the artistic quality of that city, the visual arts. It’s no accident that Picasso came of age in Barcelona. At the same time, I love water. Especially where the city meets the water, like San Francisco or Rio de Janeiro—touching the water in an urban way.
Cities on the water are at a greater risk these days. Did Hurricane Sandy change your architectural philosophy on the interaction between the two?
It’s an incredibly powerful question. We, as architects, need to think about new ways to build in light of this—and it’s not just putting houses on stilts. To suddenly separate a building from its landscape simply because it’s near a beach is not the right solution.
Tracy Kidder made you an architectural hero in his nonfiction book House. Did this fame affect your career?
The house in the book was the office’s first project. So I’m proudest that Tracy hired us to build his home on the coast of Maine after writing the story. That’s the best affirmation right there. It could’ve easily led to a career of building single-family houses, but I wanted to do bigger projects that were a part of the public realm.
Are you especially proud of one project in particular?
That’s like asking someone which child is his favorite. We make sure we always choose interesting projects. We like buildings that extend our skills and knowledge in a way that, in retrospect, becomes really meaningful architecturally. The Ozawa Hall at Tanglewood was an important breakthrough building—we’re proud of the fact that musicians love the building. Leo Beranek, a famous acoustician and writer, rated it as one of the best buildings in this country in the past 50 years. Life’s too short to spend time on mediocre projects.
What’s on your wish list?
We’d love to do an art museum. We spend a huge amount of time in them, since we’re all visual artists. I’ve visited zillions of the world’s great museums—and they’re quite in my psyche. I think the small museum is the thing of the future because the visitor experience is much easier and more relaxed. It has a remarkable ability to make for a really pleasant afternoon that’s thought-provoking at the same time.
What’s one skill you wish you had?
The more I’m around pianists, the more amazed I become at their talent. But for something I know I can’t do at all that might’ve been fun, I would’ve liked to have been a very good first baseman at one time.
Is that the 12-year-old sports journalist talking?
What about building a baseball stadium?
It would be fun, but the constraints are quite limiting. I’d like to see the beautiful Olympic stadium in Beijing. It’s like a bird’s nest!
If you could have lunch with anyone—dead or alive—who would it be?
Louis Kahn. He was a modern, contemporary architect who designed some splendid, splendid buildings. We’re lucky to have built Phillips Exeter Academy’s Forrestal-Bowld Music Center across the lawn from one of his buildings. Evidently, he was just a mystical person to talk to.
Home Design Q&A
Editors' Picks: Blonde Ambition
Editors' Picks: Summer Glamp
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25350
|
__label__wiki
| 0.956522
| 0.956522
|
Ex-Cambridge United and Aston Villa player denies sexually assaulting 12-year-old boy
Brian Boggis, 75, was in also charge of Cambridge United’s youth team for the 1970/71 season
Tommy Lumby
Ex-Cambridge United player Brian Boggis has denied sexually assaulting a 12-year-old boy more than 45 years ago.
The 75-year-old former U's player and youth team coach appeared at Cambridge Crown Court today (September 5) accused of gross indecency with a boy under the age of 14.
It is said to have happened in Cambridge between July 1, 1968, and June 30, 1970.
The defendant entered the dock dressed in a dark suit, blue shirt and a blue striped tie, helped by a woman.
RECAP: Ex-Cambridge United player Brian Boggis denies sexually assaulting boy
Boggis, of Suffield Road, Gorleston in Great Yarmouth previously indicated a plea not guilty to the same charge at Cambridge Magistrates’ Court on August 8.
Presiding magistrate Dr Christine Shaw gave Boggis the option of being tried at the magistrates’ court, but the defendant opted for a jury trial at Cambridge Crown Court.
The case forms part of an investigation into non-recent allegations related to football in Cambridgeshire.
Former Cambridge United star in court this morning over a child sex charge
Brian Boggis as a Cambridge Utd player
Legendary former Cambridge United and Aston Villa player denies gross indecency with a 12-year-old
Boggis began his career in football with Aston Villa before moving to Crystal Palace and then Cambridge.
Boggis later became assistant secretary of the Abbey Sports and Social Club and the Rex Ballroom.
He became the steward of Royston Town Supporters’ Club and then took over Cambridge United’s youth team for the 1970/71 season.
Boggis later became a publican and at one time ran the Blackmoor’s Head in Cambridge.
Mr Boggis is due to stand trial at Cambridge Crown Court on March 26.
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25359
|
__label__cc
| 0.551381
| 0.448619
|
Stop the traffic chaos at start and end of the school day
Penylan's Liberal Democrat councillors are continuing to campaign for Cardiff Council to introduce a solution to the problem of traffic chaos in the streets around Howardian Primary School at the start and end of the school day.
Because the school is only accessed via cul-de-sacs on either side, this means that parents have to undertake three-point-turns after picking up or dropping off their children to school by car.
We believe the planning application for the new housing development alongside the school presents an opportunity for a new traffic solution to be introduced.
We have therefore launched a petition calling for the plans to be amended so that a transport solution is incorporated into the development that could avoid the need for parents dropping off or collecting their children to undertake three-point turns.
Please sign the petition below to put pressure on the Council and its developer partners to incorporate this change into their plans.
I/we, the undersigned, call for a transport solution to be incorporated into the proposed housing development of the former Howardian Adult Learning Centre site (which is the subject of planning application 18/02500/MJR) that could avoid the need for parents dropping off or collecting their children from Howardian Primary School to undertake three-point turns.
Do you want to be updated by email about our campaigns and ways to get involved?
We will include your name and address when submitting the petition to Cardiff Council and their developer partners Wates Residential.
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25362
|
__label__wiki
| 0.570011
| 0.570011
|
How does these changes affect Kells?
From the 17 September 2017 the main service’s linking Navan to Dublin City Centre will be Route 109 and 109x. Combined these routes will provide a service every 30mins to Dublin City Centre with Route 109x services operating via the M3 motorway. Route 109a will remain unchanged and these 3 routes will provide public transport services 24/7 along the corridor.
This service will follow the routing of the current Route 109 and will provide an hourly service linking Kells to the City Centre via the R147 via Navan, Dunshaughlin, Clonee, Blanchardstown & the Navan Rd terminating at Busaras. Additional services will operate in the morning & evening peak with some of these services extended to UCD.
This service will follow the routing of the current Route 109 between Cavan and Kells before accessing the M3 Motorway south of Kells to continue its journey to the city stopping at Blanchardstown before entering the city via the Finglas QBC & O’Connell St before terminating at Busaras. This service will operate an hourly frequency from 05:45 from Kells until 22:45 from the city centre. Additional services will operate in the morning & evening peak.
Routes 107, 108 & 187 - These routes will continue to operate as at present
Connections to Navan & Dunshaughlin
Combined Route 109 & 109a services will provide linkages between Kells and Navan & Dunshaughlin 24/7 with a service every 30 mins during the day and hourly throughout the night.
As part of this service change Route 109 & 109x will provide enhanced linkages to the Mater Hospital. However the location of stops for certain services will change:
Routes 109, 109a & 109x will provide close connectivity to numerous third level colleges including the following:
Leapcard is available on all services and offers best value to our customers, a Yellow Zone 7 Day Ticket offers unlimited travel on all services from Kells to the City Centre for 7 consecutive for only €69 including the late night Route 109a service. All Leapcard tickets can be bought in any Payzone Leap Agent.
Bus Éireann would like to thank our customers for their continued support of the public transport network in Kells and we look forward to welcoming you on board our improved services in the near future.
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25364
|
__label__wiki
| 0.587062
| 0.587062
|
People living in the Northeast are paying nearly twice as much for college because of the schools they choose
Tanza Loudenback
Where you're from influences how much you pay.
Andrew Burton/Getty Images
Attending college is a cornerstone of the American Dream, but the path to get there looks different for everyone.
A new report from student loan lender Sallie Mae found that families living in the Northeast are more likely than the rest of the US to consider the quality of a university's academic program when choosing a school, rather than the price tag.
Notably, families in the Northeast spend about 70% more on college than those living in the West, Midwest, and South, borrowing money and using parent contributions at a higher rate to cover the cost.
The typical family in the Northeast pays $35,431 for college. That's nearly twice the average amount spent by families in the West — $19,181 — while families in the Midwest and the South pay $21,577 and $20,953, respectively.
The higher price tag is likely a result of student enrollment at four-year private schools — where highly-rated academic programs are easier to come by. Attendance at these schools is highest among Northeasterners, with 40% selecting a private college, compared to 22% in the Midwest, 19% in the South, and 14% in the West.
The average annual tuition for a private college in the US is about $45,370 today, including fees, and room and board. That's about $10,000 more than an out-of-state public school, and $25,000 more than an in-state public university.
Andy Kiersz/Business Insider
Plus, 97% of students from the Northeast attend college full-time, compared to the national average of 88%, significantly increasing costs.
But many can afford it: Families in the Northeast reported higher household incomes, with 53% coming from middle-income families versus 45% of the overall US average. An even smaller share of students from the Northeast come from low-income families, compared to the rest of the country.
Still, to afford the higher cost of college, Northeasterners reported having increased work hours and reducing their personal spending more than residents of the other regions, according to Sallie Mae.
By contrast, students in the West are the least likely to attend private colleges. In fact, 43% of students in the West are enrolled at a four-year public school, and 42% at a two-year public school. That may explain why they borrow much less than their cross-country counterparts.
SEE ALSO: Here's how much you need to save for college every year depending on when you start
DON'T MISS: The 14 best colleges for your money
More: Sallie Mae College College Savings College Tuition
Your Money Saving
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25365
|
__label__cc
| 0.677227
| 0.322773
|
Home News There’s...
There’s new evidence that fossil fuels are getting crushed in the ongoing energy battle against renewables
Jeremy Berke, Shayanne Gal, Business Insider US
Xinyi photo-voltaic power station on August 21, 2016 in Songxi, China.
Feature China / Barcroft Images / Barcroft Media via Getty Images
The world added more solar power capacity than fossil fuels in 2017, a sign of the sector’s strength.
The sector attracted $160.8 billion in investment in 2017.
China was the biggest investor in renewable energy in 2017, sinking $126.6 billion into the industry, a 30% increase over 2016.
The world added more solar power capacity than any other type of energy in 2017, outpacing all fossil fuels, according to a new report from the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).
In 2017, solar energy attracted $160.8 billion in investment in 2017, an 18% increase over 2016.
Renewable energy, including wind, hydro, and solar, supplied a record 12% of the world’s energy needs, according to the report.
Global investment in renewable energy held steady over last year, with over $200 billion invested. China was the biggest contributor, sinking $126.6 billion alone into the sector, a 30% increase over 2016, according to the report.
Since 2004, the world has invested over $2.9 trillion into renewable energy.
The chart below shows net capacity growth for different electricity sources, factoring in power plant closures. Coal was the hardest hit, according to Carbon Brief:
Shayanne Gal/ Business Insider
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25366
|
__label__wiki
| 0.979746
| 0.979746
|
Home Newsletters Daily Report PM Twistlock acquired by California-based tech firm
Twistlock acquired by California-based tech firm
Deanna B. Narveson
Cybersecurity startup Twistlock is being acquired by Santa Clara-based Palo Alto Networks for $410 million, according to an announcement from Palo Alto Networks.
Palo Alto Networks announced in May that it had entered into definitive agreements to acquire the Portland-based company, which has an office in Baton Rouge at Innovation Park.
The move adds Twistlock’s technology, which focuses on securing IT infrastructure tools to Palo Alto Networks’ Prisma cloud security product.
Twistlock, founded in 2015, has raised a $63.1 million from investors. Last year, on the heels of a $33 million raise the company moved its headquarters from San Francisco to Portland, Portland Business Journal reports. Twistlock opened its Baton Rouge office in 2018, and the company’s chief technology officer, John Morello, is an LSU graduate.
The company was expected to hire about 20 people for its Baton Rouge location with the state offering Twistlock Digital Interactive Media and Software Development tax credits to secure the deal.
Neither Twistlock nor Palo Alto Networks representatives could be reached for comment prior to this afternoon’s deadline.
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25367
|
__label__wiki
| 0.570961
| 0.570961
|
Pamela Anderson: Will She Ask Trump To Pardon Romantic Interest, Wikileaks’ Julian Assange?
Now that Donald Trump has pardoned Alice Johnson, Pamela Anderson is considering asking him to do the same for Julian Assange! Find out why here!
It’s been a victorious day for Kim Kardashian and Alice Marie Johnson. After serving time in prison for a first-time drug offense, Alice was freed on June 6 thanks to President Donald Trump and the help of Kim. So, what does that mean for others who have been wrongfully imprisoned? Hours after Alice’s big release, paparazzi caught up with Pamela Anderson and asked her if she would ask POTUS to pardon her pal Julian Assange. “I think that would be the smartest move,” Pamela said answering the question. While Julian has yet to be charged, Trump’s recent pardoning spree is making it easier to believe that Julian’s name may in fact be cleared soon. Take a look at Pamela’s clip below!
For those of you who don’t know, the United States opened up a criminal investigation against Julian in 2010 after his site, WikiLeaks, published a series of leaks and classified documents including the Collateral Murder video, the Afghanistan war logs, the Iraq war logs, and Cable gate all provided by Chelsea Manning, according to CNN. Julian later turned himself in to London authorities only to be released on bail and put on house arrest. However, he was then extradited to Sweden, but became a naturalized citizen of Ecuador in 2017. Julian and Wikileaks are reportedly also responsible for the release of more than 1,200 emails from Hilary Clinton’s private server, which was the primal focus of the 2016 presidential election.
Throughout it all, Pamela has been an avid supporter of Julian, and the two were even rumored to be romantically involved after Pamela was spotted visiting the Ecuadorian embassy in 2016. “Julian is trying to free the world by educating it,” Pamela said during an interview with PEOPLE. “It is a romantic struggle– I love him for this,” Pamela continued. So, it looks like she really might consider asking Trump to clear his name!
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25368
|
__label__wiki
| 0.665906
| 0.665906
|
Home » Local People » Dr. Dudley Keever
Dr. Dudley Keever
By Celia Elliott, Native
The Curator, July/August 2012
An old-fashioned country doctor in the best American tradition, Dr. Dudley Keever practiced medicine at the northeast corner of Main and Franklin Streets for 63 years. His residence and office were located in a Victorian house, where City Barbecue now stands and is perhaps the fifth building on this site. He faced his counterpart, Dr. Charles Slagel just across the street. (He was profiled preciously in the "The Curator")
Dr. Keever served his patients as physician, surgeon, dentist and pharmacist, traveling throughout the community by horseback, horse and buggy and in later years by automobile. His pay was often in produce, meat or commodities. His son told this story to me; "Father went on a labor case north of town and stayed the night, as was often the case, until the baby was born. As he was leaving, the new father pointed to a skinned rabbit in a crock of salt water on the kitchen table. 'There's your pay, doc.' he said."
His auto driving frightened many. Backing out of his barn, he revved up his Chrysler and children in the neighborhood scattered. When someone reminded the doctor that he had run a red light which was newly installed in the center of town, his son remembered him replying, "I came before traffic lights!"
He lived to be 93, one of the most revered men the community ever knew, and in later years recalled that at the age of 30 he had been refused life insurance because an examiner said he had a "bad heart." The Medical Society tribute to him read: "A peaceful man of Quaker parentage, in his full strength, he gave himself over a wide area in all kinds of weather. A rugged good-humored man, he achieved a record, which is truly a medical saga."
Dr. Keever's Chair
By Ferne Reilich, Curator
The Curator, April 2009
Isn’t it fun to make a discovery? As bits and pieces of our history come out of our archives here we make discoveries about people and places every day. During January a donation to the Society had us digging into the files and learning about an outstanding citizen in our community that many newer members may not know about.
At that time we received an unusual chair of leather and wood with wheels on the legs. The note which accompanied it stated that it was Dr. Keever’s desk chair. We had several references in our files about Dr. Keever, in relation to a house which had been at #2 North Main Street many years ago. However, we realized we knew little about the man and were eager to learn more.
In 1859 Dudley Keever was born on a farm in Ridgeville, Ohio, where his great-grandfather had settled. Dr. Keever’s parents were Quakers, and his father, Moses, was also a doctor. He served the people in Ridgeville and Springboro starting in 1836, so Dudley saw his father going out every day with his black bag. In his early years, Dudley went to one-room schools and we can imagine that by the time he finished, he decided he would like to become a doctor, too. In Springboro there was a Miami Valley Institute, mainly run by the Quakers, so Dudley next went there. By 1884, he graduated from the Miami Medical College in Cincinnati, which later became part of the University of Cincinnati.
Dr. Keever began his practice in Springboro and while working there he met and married Ida Wright, also a Quaker. Our records show that in 1890, Dr. Keever moved to Centerville. He and Ida settled in a house on the northeast corner of Franklin and Main Street. They had two sons, Edward and Wynne. The doctor practiced in a small, one-story office which was attached to their Victorian house. Patients came to him for all their ills, including the pulling of teeth. He made house calls with his horse and buggy, just as his father had. In 1902, the township trustees hired Dr. Keever for $75 a year to “perform all surgical work and medical services to the poor of Washington Township.” The doctor was a physician, surgeon, and a pharmacist as well. For many years -- with no drug store in town -- he mixed his own prescriptions. Often he was paid in produce or meat from the farm. He worked long hours and, if necessary, he stayed overnight with a patient.
In 1939 the Journal Herald newspaper featured the doctor in an article titled “MAY WE PRESENT…Dr. Dudley Keever, Country Doctor.” He was asked if his practice was easier now, and he replied: “Yes, yes, much better. In the old days, a call would come in the middle of the night, and I’d have to go out to the barn and get the horse out and harness him and drive over usually impassable roads to a sickbed.” By that time the doctor was driving a car, although many in his neighborhood thought he was in too much of a hurry. His son, Edward tells the story that someone reminded the doctor that he had run the red light, newly installed in the center of town, and Dr. Keever replied: “I came before traffic lights!”
In 1940 Dr. Keever was honored by the Montgomery County Medical Society as the physician with the longest service to patients in the county. The program chairman, Dr. Austin felt he was “symbolic of the family physician who has been the bulwark of medicine in its great development.” He continued to practice until 1946, when he was 87. In 1953 Dr. Keever passed away, but his memory lives on, and we are pleased to honor him by keeping his chair.
Local People
Benjamin Archer
Mary Gerhard Creamer
Colonel Edward Deeds
Margaret Delaney
Enos Doolittle
August F. Foerste
Dr. John Hole
Noah Johnson
Jesse Kelsey, Jr.
Robert G. McEwen
General Edmund Munger
Jonathon Munger
Aaron Nutt Beck
Aaron Nutt Sr.
Henry Reece
Benjamin Robbins
Dr. C.D. Slagle
Henry Stansel
Thomas Owen Stolz
Peter Sunderland
Miriam S. Walton
Pauline Webster
Ida A. Weller
Asahel Wright
William S. Yeck
Lois Wilson Murray Zizert
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25369
|
__label__wiki
| 0.950194
| 0.950194
|
Final Fantasy Fans Have Translated The Japanese Exclusive Final Fantasy VII Prequel
In 2004, Square Enix released a prequel to Final Fantasy VII called Before Crisis. If you haven't heard of it, there's a reason why: The mobile title was a Japanese exclusive and has never made its way to North America. However, that hasn't stopped people from doing their best to translate the game into English and make it playable.
A group of fans have spent the last three years porting Before Crisis into the popular developer tool RPG Maker, complete with an English translation. Its legality is dubious, so we're not going to link to the game, but this fan-ported version of Before Crisis is available (for now) and can be played in RPG Maker 2003.
You can watch the original trailer for the game right here:
For more on Final Fantasy, check out our preview of the upcoming Final Fantasy VII Remake here.
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25370
|
__label__cc
| 0.590431
| 0.409569
|
BY Phillip M. Perry March 15, 2013
Retail companies should expect this year and 2014 to be a wild roller coaster ride of health insurance changes for retailers. That assessment came from Neil Trautwein, VP, employee benefits, National Retail Federation, who said that retailers need to take prudent actions to comply with the requirements of the Affordable Care Act (ACA).
"It will be an extremely interesting time as we move toward open enrollment in the fall of this year, and then into 2014 when the health insurance exchanges are supposed to open," said Trautwein. "There are many different issues coming into play very quickly. There are not a lot of clear-cut answers."
CHANGING PLANS: Retailers are expected to be uniquely impacted by the ACA, given their high reliance on part-time and seasonal workers. That’s because the legislation requires employers to extend coverage to all employees working 30 or more hours per week.
"Some 46% of retail and restaurant companies participating in our recent survey say they will have to change their current health insurance offerings in some way to comply with the law," reported Joan Smyth, partner, Mercer, a New York City-based benefits consulting firm (mercer.com).
The 46% response from retailers is notably higher than the average for other industries, where some 24% of survey respondents anticipate a similar need to change their insurance programs. Such changes might be to whom the coverage is offered, what coverage is offered or how much is charged to employees.
Furthermore, 47% of retailers and hospitality companies participating in the Mercer survey expect health insurance premiums to rise by at least 3% because of the law, according to Smyth. That figure is considerably higher than the comparable 34% for all employers.
MURKY REGS: Retailers face a critical problem in re-engineering their health insurance plans: insufficient regulatory guidance. Despite the steady stream of communications from federal agencies since the last presidential election, many requirements remain murky.
"One of the bigger headaches for retailers is figuring out how to translate the requirements of the ACA in a way that makes sense for their operations," said Trautwein. "To date, they don’t have all the information needed to make plans."
Here are some areas that remain unsettled:
Guidelines on the constitution of an "essential benefits package," the minimum health insurance coverage employers must offer.
Parameters for "rate bands," ratios determining how much more a plan can charge older/sicker people versus younger/healthier ones.
Guidelines for settling conflicts between state and federal law: For example, will provisions on benefits adopted by individual states automatically become essential benefits under federal law? Will the exclusion of certain medical treatments end up conflicting with federal anti-discrimination laws?
Retailers will deal with uncertainty not only in matters of legislation and regulation, but also in marketplace dynamics. For example, what will happen with the new competitive statewide insurance marketplaces?
"Will they succeed or fail?" posed Mercer’s Smyth. "The result will affect the future of employer-sponsored plans."
Another uncertainty is the participation levels of employees, added Smyth. "Who will join the employer plan, and who will say ‘I will just pay my individual penalty because I can always join the exchange later if I get sick.’ "
Many observers believe that younger, healthier people will opt out of the system, resulting in premium increases for everyone else.
"They may do the math, see that the penalty is not high,and decide they don’t need health insurance," Smyth explained. "After all, employers are allowed to charge up to 9.5% of employee income for the plan, and that is a good amount of money."
Taken as a group, these uncertainties pose a considerable challenge. "One of my biggest concerns is that the legislation will put too much change in the hands of employers," Trautwein said. "It will be difficult for them to keep all of the different pieces straight."
KEY CONCERNS: Will the continuing confusion about the ACA lead to a delay in its implementation?
"It would not surprise me if there were an effort to provide time for a greater transition to the requirements of the law," said the NRF’s Trautwein. "But that will likely not develop until late in 2013. So I keep telling retailers, ‘Plan as if the law will go into effect on schedule.’ "
Retailers can take steps to ease the transition to the new world of health insurance. (See related story.) No matter how carefully retailers tread, though, the ACA is likely to have a negative impact on the bottom line.
"The retail industry operates with thin profit margins," Trautwein said. "People are one of the biggest overhead costs. Health benefits, next to wages, are the largest part of those costs, and there is very little room to absorb additional expenses or pass those along to customers. So it’s not a pretty picture."
Phillip M. Perry is a New York City-based business writer.
Retailers are expected to be uniquely impacted by the ACA, given the industry’s high reliance on part-time and seasonal workers.
Toys ‘R’ Us in comeback — with a different business model and smaller format
Amazon touts Prime Day 2019 as ‘largest shopping event’ in its history
Publix expanding its organic and natural foods store format
Butler Town Center adds Sephora
Walgreens tops on Disability Equality Index
For a third consecutive year, Walgreens has been given the top-score of 100% on the 2019 Disability Equality Index.
The retail brands that connect most with customers on an emotional level are…
An online giant is tops when it comes to forming emotional bonds with customers.
Regulatory Wrap-Up: Weekly review of retail-related legislative, judicial developments-July 15
The city of Emeryville, Calif., raises its minimum wage to $16.30 per hour — the highest in the nation.
Starbucks to stop selling newspapers
Starbucks Corp. is getting out of the newspaper business.
Regulatory Wrap-Up: Weekly review of retail-related legislative, judicial developments-July 8
Governor of Oregon likely to sign bill requiring 12 weeks of paid family leave, with program's cost split between employers and employees.
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25372
|
__label__wiki
| 0.613236
| 0.613236
|
Bishop Conley of Lincoln: “Success breeds success” when it comes to vocations
The head of a vocational powerhouse explains what his diocese is getting right.
January 17, 2018 Nicholas LaBanca Interview 10 Print
Bishop James D. Conley of Lincoln, Neb., in March 2017. (CNS photo/Dave Hrbacek, The Catholic Spirit)
The Diocese of Lincoln, Nebraska has become well-known in recent years for its high number of priestly vocations relative to its small size; it also has a reputation as a bastion of orthodoxy and liturgical excellence in the Latin Rite. Bishop James Conley, the bishop of Lincoln since 2012, was among the attendants of the Fellowship of Catholic University Students’ (FOCUS) SLS 18 conference in Chicago earlier this month. His Excellency graciously made time to answer a few questions about the reasons his diocese is thriving.
Nicholas LaBanca, for CWR: I’d like to center our conversation today on how young people in the Church have begun to discover the riches of their liturgical patrimony in the Latin Rite. We can’t fail to observe that your diocese has consistently produced many vocations to the priesthood; the Diocese of Lincoln saw 17 men ordained to the priesthood in a two-year period, outpacing much larger archdioceses like Los Angeles, for instance. What would you say has contributed to this relative boom of priestly vocations in your diocese?
Bishop James Conley: Well there’s a lot of reasons for that, I believe. Grace, lots of grace, obviously. But I’d say one of the several things that we can directly attribute this to is the episcopal leadership. We’ve had basically 40-plus years of good bishops. Two of my most immediate predecessors come to mind: Bishop Fabian Bruskewitz, who was bishop of Lincoln for 20 years, and Bishop Glennon Flavin, who was bishop for about 22 years [beginning in] 1967. So in those turbulent post-conciliar years since the end of the Second Vatican Council, we had our diocese led by bishops who really were very clear in their teaching and were very faithful to the Magisterium and what the Church’s patrimony was as far as doctrine goes. And [also] the liturgy. You know the revolution after the Second Vatican Council took many shapes and forms. You had the sexual revolution but you also had the liturgical revolution, you had the doctrinal revolution, everything was up for grabs.
In Lincoln, they steered a steady course and so there was never any liturgical aberrations. The priests were told very clearly that they would follow and would celebrate the Mass the way the Church wants it celebrated, and there were no exceptions to that. As far as teaching goes, the schools and the priests taught very sound doctrine. And the result is two things. One, our vocations stayed steady. So even though I’ve had the privilege of ordaining I think about 25 men in the last five years since I’ve been to Lincoln, we still have the highest number of seminarians per Catholic in the country. We have 96,000 Catholics and we have currently 39 seminarians. We’re a small diocese. But the result of that leadership—and I have inherited that so I don’t attribute that to myself at all, I just don’t want to mess it up. I want to keep it going. But I really have been the beneficiary of the great leadership of those two bishops. The result has been those vocations. Success breeds success. We have 146 active priests in the Diocese of Lincoln and the average age is 41. That’s more than 20 years younger than I am. So I’m the old guy in the diocese.
And when you have all these young priests who are in the parishes, and in the schools, and in the university, then young people see an example of religious life. And we have religious sisters. Bishop Flavin started a community of school sisters who teach in our schools, School Sisters of Christ the King. I just elevated them to the level of a diocesan rite, and they continue to teach. Four of them are principals in our grade schools and they teach in our grade schools. We have 37 religious sisters in full habit teaching in our schools and we have 48 priests that are either administrators or teaching in our schools. So Catholic education has been a very important part of the success of the Diocese of Lincoln. So to summarize: liturgy and worship, where people feel that when they come to Mass, they are in contact with the Transcendent. This is where I think Sacred Liturgy is so important.
You talked about our patrimony. We have this rich liturgical tradition and you go back throughout the history of the Church. What is the Sacred Liturgy supposed to do? Sacred Liturgy is supposed to put us in contact with the transcendent God. We’re supposed to have an experience of the holy. That’s what the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass is. That’s why the Lord said, “Do this in remembrance of me.” And the beauty of that experience, the beauty of the music, the beauty of the worship and the reverence and the piety—it takes people out of the everyday, mundane world that we live in. A lot of suffering and hardship. And they have this contact for a while with the holy. And that’s key. People have to be nourished. Our souls desire contact with the holy. If we’re deprived of that, we wither away, and so we need that.
People, when they discover it, need more of it. So one of the initiatives I’m trying to promote is Eucharistic Adoration, in as many of our parishes as we can. Because when we come before our Lord and His Eucharistic face—the Sacrament of Divine Friendship as it’s sometimes called—our Lord’s heart speaks to our hearts. And we need those moments. There are very few places left today where we can be relatively certain that we’re not going be interrupted. And a Eucharistic Adoration chapel—as long as you turn your phone off—is one of the last places, one of the last oases of silence. People need that. Here at SLS 18…and also youth retreats and Engaged Encounter and all the different apostolates of the Church—and in applications for seminaries—people say that where they really heard the Lord speak to their hearts was in the quiet moments of Eucharistic Adoration. People in parishes whose marriages are falling apart—they go before the Lord, and they’re just in shambles—they let the Lord speak to them and heal them. This is where it all happens. That’s why Eucharistic Adoration is so important.
CWR: I’m happy that you had brought up the subject transcendence in the liturgy. You’ve been celebrating the Ordinary Form of the Mass ad orientem each Advent for several years now, and several other priests have done the same in your diocese, and around the country as well. This past summer, I was able to sit down with a Byzantine Rite priest, Father Thomas Loya of the Ruthenian Catholic Eparchy in Parma. We had talked about ad orientem worship and the life of the Church. In the course of our conversation, he had noted that turning the altars back around is of the upmost importance, and that doing so was “holding the key to everything in the Latin Rite Church.” Do you believe that in worshiping ad orientem, laypeople and priests alike are more apt to feel that they are being lifted up to partake in the Heavenly Liturgy?
Bishop Conley: I do agree with that, and I’ve experienced that in my own priesthood. Way back in the 1990s I was chaplain at Wichita State University. And I, during Advent one year, began celebrating ad orientem, facing east, with the Advent theme of looking to the east and the star and everything. I just continued to do it…I did catechesis and I explained to everyone why this tradition has been so prevalent in the Church, just up until recent times, and how we are all worshiping together. We’re all facing the Lord together and the priest is leading us to the New Jerusalem, to Heaven. We stand in solidarity with one another, offering worship to God. It’s not the priest facing the people and speaking to them, it’s all of us facing God. So I’ve always been a big fan of ad orientem. When I came to Lincoln, I introduced it at the cathedral for Advent and I encouraged priests. I said, “If you believe that this would help you and your people, by all means do this as long as you give the catechesis and explain it to the people.” So like you said, we have a number of pastors who have done that. I do it now every time I celebrate Mass at the cathedral, at the Newman Center, at our seminary, and at our retreat house. And I don’t force it. And there are some times you can’t do it because architecturally it’s hard. But it’s catching on more and more. And I think the people really do respond to that. I think as a priest, we think it’s going to be really shocking to people, and it’s not. People are just like, “Fine, Father.” The funny thing is, you end up facing the people during a normal Mass longer than you don’t face them. Because you begin the Mass, and you do the Introductory Rite, and the readings, and the homily, and then you go to the altar. I timed it once. It’s basically three-fifths of the time you’re facing the people, two-fifths of the time you’re facing the altar.
CWR: Pretty much just for the Liturgy of the Eucharist.
Bishop Conley: That’s it. And when you’re giving Communion, you’re facing the people. But I would agree that it’s very helpful for the priest because it’s less distracting for the priest. He’s focused on really the most important thing that he’s doing—the most important thing that he ever does—and that is offering the Holy Sacrifice. And when you’re focused on the action of the Mass and that’s all you see—over the Host and the Precious Blood—then you’re more tuned in, than I think when you’re facing the whole congregation of people. Not that you can’t be focused in that way. You can. But it’s harder. You have to concentrate more.
CWR: Now you mentioned that for priests, and for laypeople, returning to certain traditions has been both helpful and warmly received. But let’s talk specifically about young people—do you believe that they are more open to the liturgical patrimony of the Latin Rite than older generations? Have you seen an uptick in the amount of young people embracing these Latin traditions in the past five or 10 years?
Bishop Conley: Well, one example, just a couple weeks ago during Advent, one of our priests celebrated a Rorate caeli Mass. A Saturday morning Mass at 6:00 am, in the dark, just candlelit, in the Extraordinary Form. It was a Solemn High Mass and they had the choir. Four hundred and fifty college students showed up for that.
It was amazing. I thought, fine, go ahead, you’re not going to get college students up at six o’clock in the morning. But the word went out on Facebook and Twitter, and they all showed up. They said it was amazing because they had this beautiful choir singing sacred polyphony and chant. They loved it. They had a great experience of the transcendent and the holy.
CWR: What advice would you give to young people who are really trying to uncover and share their legitimate traditions and patrimony, in indifferent or possibly even hostile environments?
Bishop Conley: I would say to be patient, and to pray, and to not give up. I think that sometimes it’s hard, especially for priests, to be open to some of the great liturgical traditions that, maybe in their minds, the Church has put aside. But I can tell you this [about] the younger generation of priests, those priests that have been ordained in the last 10 years, let’s say: it’s my generation that is not open; the younger generation is open. And that means that younger bishops are open. Because so go priests, so go bishops. There’s going to be a whole new generation of bishops that are going to be serving the Church as shepherds in the next 10 years who are also much more open to this great liturgical patrimony, and who have not sort of been through the liturgical wars like those in my generation have. So, I think, just be patient, be kind, be charitable, but be persistent.
Bishop James Conley
Church in America
Diocese of Lincoln
About Nicholas LaBanca 5 Articles
Nicholas LaBanca is a millennial cradle Catholic and serves as a catechist at his local parish. He currently writes for multiple Catholic outlets, including the Diocese of Joliet’s monthly magazine Christ Is Our Hope.
Peace and progress start with education, Francis says at Chilean university
Christ statue in Peru suffers smoke damage
A young Zimbabwean reflects on the pre-synodal meeting in Rome
May 3, 2018 Allen Ottaro 4
Pope Francis encouraged the young people present to be “protagonists” in the life of the Church. […]
A bishop of consequence
April 5, 2017 George Weigel 4
When I first met Charles J. Chaput, O.F.M. Cap., more than twenty years ago, I was struck by his boyish demeanor, his exquisite courtesy, and his rock-solid faith. Then the bishop of Rapid City, South […]
These Ohio Catholics are working to meet the needs of refugees
June 1, 2018 Jeanette Flood 23
Catholics in the Diocese of Cleveland help hundreds of refugees resettle and integrate into the US every year. […]
A powerful testament by Bishop Conley that simple faithful practice brings manifold reward.
Bravo, Bishop Conley. May God grant him many years!
Brigette Pietro
Beautifully said. I also think their diocese must have an awesome policy that forbids the guitars, pianos, altar girls and communion in the hand to have ended up so blessed with vocations.
I live in Lincoln. The thing that Bishop forgot to mention, and which is equally important alongside his other points, is the healthy spiritual lives of Catholic families here. Not only are children encouraged to think about becoming priests/religious by their parents but the laity here also often pray for vocations as part of their own spirituality. The “domestic church” in this diocese is very healthy and benefits the Church.
Bishop Conley is missed in Denver where he served as Apostolic Administrator following Archbishop Chaput’s transfer to Philadelphia. Many of the faithful were greatly disappointed when he was not elevated to Archbishop and Aquila was selected by Pope Benedict XVI instead. Lincoln is blessed to have him as their shepherd.
morganB
Dear Bishop, given all that has happened to the church over several decades of priestly misdeeds how is the church to properly screen our new candidates? Chile presents a real horror story for Pope Francis when he visits South America soon.
Soon after his coronation the Holy Father said he had no tolerance for child pedophilia and would “clean house” of the criminals in the hierarchy. I don’t see that happening.
John Germain
The article title on “Spirit Daily” read; “Good bishops equal vocations” I guess this pretty much explains the priest shortage in most places. I would like to say “sacredness” in church (especially concerning the Holy Mass) inspires vocations, need to do the red and read the black and leave out all the secular stuff. “Alter boys” rather than “female servers” inspire vocations, a masculine clergy rather than an effeminate one inspires vocations. Keeping families (truly) Catholic inspires vocations, and teaching piety rather than a social agenda inspires vocations. This all seemed to work prior to the 1960’s, Are so many of our bishops too blind to see it. If it works in Lincoln it will work elsewhere. This article is spot on and Lincoln is the good example for the rest of the bishops. Apparently most diocese have denounced “Roman Catholicism” and formed the “American Catholic Church” where they ignore the requests of the Roman Church and do according to American societal trends.
Ana Braga-Henebry
And the families who were and are taught to follow the teachings of the Church! SO many large families! Vocations flourish in a community of trust and generosity.
For many years (1970-1998), the Diocese of Lincoln owed its great success in having large numbers of vocations to the strong personality of its Vocation Director. This priest, now deceased, was an addicted gambler, chain smoker, and extremely heavy drinker who modeled and encouraged addictive behavior among the seminarians, who of course became the priests of the diocese. He also constantly put himself in “inappropriate” situations with the young men under his supervision, seeking out their personal and private companionship. The conservative and orthodox surface of Lincoln masks a deep dysfunction in its clergy and the relationship between its bishops and priests. Conley’s two predecessors were impeccably orthodox and enjoyed high prestige and reputation, but in the experience of many of the priests they lacked love. They also protected the position and authority of the dysfunctional Vocation Director. The present power structure in the diocese remains closely tied to those who were protected and promoted by the former Vocation Director. There is a saying in 12-step Recovery literature, “the better it looks the worse it really is.” This statement is in many ways applicable to at least some aspects of the dysfunctional “family” of the Diocese of Lincoln, which has used its outward image of “success” to ignore the deep pain and alienation which continues to be experienced by many of its priests. Please pray for the priests of the Diocese of Lincoln for healing in their relationships with each other and with ecclesiastical authority.
Morning Catholic must-reads: 22/01/18 | WTLM Autodesk
Leave a Reply to Gary Lockhart Cancel reply
A Tale of Two Bishops
Mark Brumley October 6, 2012 0
The Episcopalian Bishop of San Francisco, Marc Andrus, did not participate in Thursday’s installation Mass for Archbishop Salvatore Cordileone of San Francisco, according to a post on Bishop Andrus’ website. Bishop Andrus reports how he […]
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25377
|
__label__wiki
| 0.707264
| 0.707264
|
(-) House Committee on Ways and Means (24)
H.R. 4738, A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to extend certain expiring provisions, provide tax relief for farmers and small businesses, and for other purposes
Cost estimate for the bill as ordered reported by the House Committee on Ways and Means on October 9, 1998, with two modifications
H.R. 4567, Medicare Home Health Care Interim Payment System Refinement Act of 1998
Cost estimate for the bill as ordered reported by the House Committee on Ways and Means on September 18, 1998
H.R. 4377, A bill to amend title XVIII of the Social Security Act to expand the membership of the Medicare Payment Advisory Commission to 17
H.R. 3511, A Bill to amend title XI of the Social Security Act to authorize the Secretary of Health and Human Services to provide additional exceptions to the imposition of civil monetary penalties in cases of payments to beneficiaries
H.R. 4579, Taxpayer Relief Act of 1998
H.R. 4578, An Act to Establish the Protect Social Security Account
H.R. 4558, Noncitizen Benefit Clarification and Other Technical Amendments Act of 1998
H.R. 4342, Miscellaneous Trade and Technical Correction Act of 1998
Cost estimate for the bill as ordered reported by the House Committee on Ways and Means on July 29, 1998
H.R. 3249, Federal Retirement Coverage Corrections Act
Cost estimate for the bill as ordered reported by the House Committee on Ways and Means on June 25, 1998
H.J. Res. 120, A joint resolution disapproving the extension of the waiver authority contained in section 402(c) of the Trade Act of 1974 with respect to Vietnam
Cost estimate for the bill as ordered reported adversely by the House Committee on Ways and Means on June 25, 1998
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25381
|
__label__wiki
| 0.545013
| 0.545013
|
(-) 700 - Veterans' Benefits/Services (9)
House Committee on the Judiciary (8)
House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure (1)
(-) Senate Committee on the Budget (9)
H.R. 299, a bill to amend title 38, United States Code, to clarify presumptions relating to the exposure of certain veterans who served in the vicinity of the Republic of Vietnam, and for other purposes
Budgetary effects of H.R. 299, as ordered reported by the House Committee on Veterans’ Affairs on May 8, 2018
Amendment SA 2669 to H.J.Res. 61 (Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2016)
Amendment SA 2669 to H.J.Res. 61, Proposed by Mr. McConnell for Mr. Cochran on September 22, 2015
Senate Amendment 927 to H.R. 674
Cost estimate for the amendment as proposed on November 8, 2011
S. 914, Veterans Programs Improvement Act of 2011
Pay-As-You-Go table for S. 914 with an amendment provided to CBO on October 13, 2011
H.R. 3219, Veterans' Benefits Act of 2010
Pay-as-you-go table for the bill as provided by the Senate Committee on the Budget on September 27, 2010
S. 407, Veterans' Compensation Cost-of-Living Adjustment Act of 2009
Direct spending and revenues effects estimate for the bill as cleared by the Congress on June 23, 2009, and signed by the President on June 30, 2009
S. 2617, Veterans' Compensation Cost-of-Living Adjustment Act of 2008
Estimate of the direct spending and revenue effects of the bill as cleared by the Congress on September 10, 2008, and signed by the President on September 24, 2008
S. 2562, Veterans' Compensation Cost-of-Living Adjustment Act for 2006
Estimate of direct spending and revenues effects for the bill as cleared by the Congress on September 30, 2006, and signed by the President on October 16, 2006
H.R. 2475, Veterans Health Care Full Funding Act
Cost estimate for the bill as introduced on June 16, 2003
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25384
|
__label__wiki
| 0.759264
| 0.759264
|
250 - General Science/Space/Tech (106)
(-) 400 - Transportation (11)
(-) House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology (11)
H.R. 5346, Commercial Space Support Vehicle Act
As ordered reported by the House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology on March 22, 2018
H.R. 4489, FLIGHT R&D Act
Cost Estimate February 23, 2016
As ordered reported by the House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology on February 11, 2016
H.R. 970, Federal Aviation Research and Development Reauthorization Act of 2011
Cost Estimate March 22, 2011
Cost estimate for the bill as ordered reported by the House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology on March 17, 2011
H.R. 5161, Green Transportation Infrastructure Research and Technology Transfer Act
Cost Estimate March 7, 2008
Cost estimate for the bill as ordered reported by the House Committee on Science and Technology on February 27, 2008
H.R. 2698, Federal Aviation Research and Development Reauthorization Act of 2007
Cost estimate for the bill as ordered reported by the House Committee on Science and Technology on June 22, 2007
H.R. 3551, Surface Transportation Research and Development Act of 2004
Cost estimate for the bill as ordered reported by the House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology on February 4, 2004
H.R. 3752, Commercial Space Launch Amendments Act of 2004
Cost estimate for the bill as ordered reported by the House Committee on Science on February 4, 2004
H.R. 2734, Federal Aviation Administration Research and Development Reauthorization Act
Cost estimate for the bill as ordered reported by the House Committee on Science on July 22, 2003
H.R. 3929, Energy Pipeline Research, Development, and Demonstration Act
Cost estimate for the bill as ordered reported by the House Committee on Science on March 20, 2002
H.R. 1551, Civil Aviation Research and Development Authorization Act of 1999
Cost estimate for the bill as ordered reported by the House Committee on Science on April 29, 1999
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25385
|
__label__wiki
| 0.884946
| 0.884946
|
(-) House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform (37)
H.R. 6407, Postal Accountability and Enhancement Act
Estimate of direct spending and revenues effects for the bill as cleared by the Congress on December 9, 2006, and signed by the President on December 20, 2006
H.R. 5883, Drake Well Sesquicentennial Commission Act
Cost estimate for the bill as ordered reported by the House Committee on Government Reform on September 21. 2006
H.R. 4969, District of Columbia Hatch Act Reform Act of 2006
Cost estimate for the bill as ordered reported by the House Committee on Government Reform on September 21, 2006
H.R. 5711, A bill to permit the Joint Committee on Judicial Administration in the District of Columbia to establish a program of voluntary separation incentive payments for nonjudicial employees of the District of Columbia courts
Cost estimate for the bill as ordered reported by the House Committee on Govenment Reform on June 29, 2006
H.R. 5697, Federal Wildland Firefighter Classification Act
Cost estimate for the bill as ordered reported by the House Committee on Government Reform on June 29, 2006
H.R. 4846, A bill to authorize a grant for contributions toward the establishment of the Woodrow Wilson Presidential Library
Cost estimate for the bill as ordered reported by the House Committee on Government Reform on July 20, 2006
H.R. 5766, Government Efficiency Act of 2006
H.R. 5525, Reservists Pay Security Act of 2006
Cost estimate for the bill as ordered reported by the House Committee on Government Reform on June 8, 2006
S. 193, Broadcast Decency Enforcement Act of 2006
Cost estimate for the bill as cleared by the Congress on June 7, 2006, and signed by the President on June 15, 2006
H.R. 5216, Preservation of Records of Servitude, Emancipation, and Post-Civil War Reconstruction Act of 2006
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25387
|
__label__wiki
| 0.637852
| 0.637852
|
What were the reasons for the abolition of Zamindari system in U.P. ?
Category : Land Laws Including Ceiling And Other Local Laws
Reason for the abolition of Zamindari system according to the U.P Zamindari abolitions Committee Report, the following are the most important causes which led to the passing of the U.P.Z.A & L.R. Act, 1950:-
1. Abolition of Zamindari system was Necessary for increasing Agricultural Production –It may be noted that there exists an intimate relationship between land – tenures and agricultural production and the latter cannot be materially improved without mending the former . The peasant will not work to his full capacity nor will he invest his resources in improving his land unless he is certain that he will enjoy fruits of his labour and the benefits accruing from the investment. Under the zamindari system, peasants were not recognized as owner of the land. In most cases tenants could be ejected by the zamindars who were rent-receiving non-cultivating but still the owners of the land .The zamindar had the right to cultivate the land assiduously or indifferently .The zamindar (landlord) had the right to keep the land idle. He had a right to fix initially any rent he pleased but after the expiry of ten years the rent becomes liable to enhancement or abatement .In certain cases he had right to eject the tenants thus the cultivators had no fixity of tenure and fixity of rent. This defective land system was one of the causes of low productivity of agriculture in India during British period. Thus in order to increase the agricultural production it was necessary to remove the intermediaries who were parasites racketeers operators of the tenantry and the source of all the ills of rural society.
2. Everybody must work- The concept that who does not make a return in the share of produce or social service equivalent to or more than what he consumes is a drone and drag on social and economic progress . Every section of people must perform a definite economic function .The various classes of intermediaries functioning as rent-receivers whether as zamindars or taluqdars or under-proprietors or other subordinate holders, did nothing to improve the land and left the land and the tenantry where they were and indeed in a plight worse than before. In order to make everybody work it was desirable to remove the zamindars.
3. The zamindari-system was uneconomical to the state- it may be noted that in order to collect Rs. 682 lakhs as land-revenue and Rs. 71 lakhs as local rates the state forwent no less than Rs. 1000 lakhs in maintaining the landlord-system for the collection for its dues .None but a most extravagant person would employ an agent which costs him about one and a half times the amount collected. Moreover the land revenue received by the state from the zamindars (landlord) was less than 7 crores of rupees whereas the rent received by the zamindars from tenants amounted to 18 crores of rupees thus zamindars appropriated more than 11 corers of rupees annually. Thus in order to increase the state revenue, the abolition of zamindari become necessary.
4. Landlordism was British evil- It may be noted that the zamindar class was created as a social base by the British to help them in consolidation and maintaining their rule and acted as a check on progressive forces. History tells that in Avadh after the first independence war of 1857, the estates (taluqas) were given to those who had given shelter to English people during the revolution or who had handed over the freedom fighters to the British Government .Thus zamindars were granted lands as a bakshish (reward) for their act, which may be called a treachery to the nation therefore the abolition of zamindari system was necessary to prevent any further accrual of benefit to treacherers descendants since the evil of landlordism was a British creation hence it must end with the British rule of India.
5. Zamindars have betrayed the trust reposed in them- The Britishers in India had expressed a pious hope that the landlord would look after the welfare of the tenant and improvement of the soil. That he would act like an English landlord who provides homestead and improves the quality and fertility of land. But these hopes have however remained expressions of pious wishes. Instead of improving the condition of the cultivator and the soil the landlords have been responsible for the steady impoverishment of both . They have indulged in rack renting and illegal exactions. While on the one hand, the state share in the rent collected has progressively decreased, the margin of profit left to the landlords has increased.
6. Further Continuance of Zamindari may have Led to a Bloody Revolution- It may be noted that the zamindari system had reached a stage when it would not have been tolerated by the peasantry any longer without putting our national economy and social security in danger. The zamindars had always been oppressors of the tenantry and the source of all the evils of rural economy. The age –long simmering discontent occasionally bursting into acts of open defiance and sometimes of violence in our state had reached a critical stage. The discontent might develop into revolt and our social security might be threatened by the outbreak of violence. If the zamindari abolition was held over for a few years . Abolition might mean expropriation without compensation and quite possibly bloodshed and violence.
The system of Zamindari was believed to have become obsolete and out dated institution hence discredited everywhere in the world. All through the world there was a wave flowing a process operating to break the larger estates and handing over land to landless labourers in order to solve the problem of poverty. In the context of these world developments ,it was sheer folly for the zamindars in India to insist upon the inviolability of their rights.
« Discuss the provision pertaining to “Payment of Purchase Price by the Tenant” under the Agriculture Tenancy Act, 1964 Summarize in brief the salient features of U.P. Zamindari Abolition and Land Reforms Act, 1950. »
Who is bhumidhar under the U.P.Z.A & L.R. Act1950?
Summarize in brief the salient features of U.P. Zamindari Abolition and Land Reforms Act, 1950.
Discuss the provision pertaining to “Payment of Purchase Price by the Tenant” under the Agriculture Tenancy Act, 1964
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25392
|
__label__wiki
| 0.923238
| 0.923238
|
Puerto Rico stresses pride, performance ahead of U.S. friendly
Joseph Marrero (pictured) looks to dribble during Puerto Rico's Caribbean Cup match against visiting Guyana on March 29, 2016, in Bayamon. (Photo courtesy of the Federación Puertorriqueña de Fútbol)
BAYAMON, Puerto Rico -- As it prepares for the resumption of Scotiabank CFU Men’s Caribbean Cup play next month, Puerto Rico will be tested by a team that expects to make a run at the Copa America Centenario title.
The Huracán Azul will host the United States in an international friendly at the Estadio Juan Ramon Loubriel on Sunday in the first-ever meeting between the sides
It will be the biggest match on the island since Puerto Rico welcomed Spain in 2012, a game won by the then-World Cup champion, 2-1.
"The U.S. team is definitely matching the popular energy that the Spain game had," interim head coach Jack Stefanowski told CONCACAF.com. "It's a great experience, a great opportunity, not only for myself, but for the players, even for the fans on the island, who have the opportunity to see one of the best teams in the world come and play in their stadium. It's definitely a big game. There is a lot of pride and passion involved around the game."
Stefanowski will use the encounter to sort out his line-up for two vital Caribbean Cup, second-round games against Group 1 rivals Grenada (June 1, away) and Antigua & Barbuda (June 4, home). The five group winners will advance to the third round, as will the four best second-place finishers.
"We're going to focus on just playing together as a team for the whole 90 minutes," said Stefanowski. "We're going to come up with a plan on what we need to do defensively and where we feel we can hurt the U.S. The key for us is to just stay compact as possible, play together as a team, not get into an individual game."
Puerto Rico has never qualified for the CONCACAF Gold Cup, progressing as far as the group stage of the CFU finals in 1993. That’s a trend Stefanowski would like to change.
"We have been talking about making history," the 41-year-old finished. "That's something we talked about in the first round. The ultimate goal is the Gold Cup. We have that target in mind. If that happens great. If it doesn't, we know we tried. So there's a little bit of pride in that. That's something we're focused on."
See also: 2016 CONCACAF Jack Stefanowski Joseph Marrero Scotiabank CFU Men’s Caribbean Cup Scotiabank CFU Men’s Caribbean Cup 2016
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25393
|
__label__cc
| 0.745954
| 0.254046
|
Sex discrimination during interviews
In one of the first ‘hypothetical male comparator’ cases, a woman from a pool of all female candidates has won her claim for sex discrimination arising from the questions she was asked at her job interview.
Claimant Ms MacDonald was one of five women interviewed for the post of Cultural and General Information Assistant at the Japanese Consulate. No men were interviewed. During the interview Ms MacDonald was asked if she had any children and when she confirmed this, she was asked a number of questions:
What she would do if one of her sons was sick?
What she would do about her children if she was expected to work at night?
Whether she could afford the childcare and nursery costs charged locally?
If any family members lived nearby who could help her with the children?
Overall, half the interview was about her childcare arrangements and, although Ms MacDonald was subsequently offered the role, she decided to turn it down and claimed sex discrimination in a Scottish Tribunal.
The Tribunal ruled in Ms MacDonald’s favour, noting that she had been asked a large number of questions about her ability to cope with the job as a mother of young children. For this she was awarded £2,000 together with her costs.
It is interesting to note that in this case, despite the fact that all the candidates were women, the claim was for sex discrimination. In cases of sex discrimination, a woman can use a hypothetical male comparator and in this case the tribunal found that even though no men were interviewed for the job, one might have been and the tribunal concluded that “he” would not have been treated in the same way as the woman.
Laura Burnett, Employment Law Team Manager, says:
“This case shows that discrimination claims can be brought even before the employment relationship has commenced. This ruling does not necessarily mean an employer cannot enquire about childcare arrangements.
However, it is a risky route to take as an employer must demonstrate that any questions
Are relevant and reasonable (be able to explain why it is necessary to ask such questions)
Put to all candidates and/or
Demonstrate they would have been put to a man if a man had been interviewed for the role
It is best practice for employers to take each candidate at face value and assume that they will sort out any external arrangements necessary to allow them to attend work.”
If you are concerned about what you are able to ask during an interview process, please contact us.
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25396
|
__label__wiki
| 0.938325
| 0.938325
|
The killing of Gauri Lankesh
What the assassination of a Bangalore journalist says about media complacency in the face of Hindu nationalism’s violent rise in India
By Siddhartha Deb
A candlelight vigil organized for the journalist Gauri Lankesh on September 6, 2017 in New Delhi, India. (Photo by Burhaan Kinu/Hindustan Times via Getty Images)
Last September, as the journalist Gauri Lankesh was returning to her home from work, a man approached her in the driveway, his face obscured by a motorcycle helmet. He fired a pistol as she ran toward her house, about 10 feet away. She collapsed before she made it inside. Autopsy reports suggested she had been shot twice in the chest and once in the back. A fourth shot had missed or misfired. The footage from security cameras showed only two men on a motorcycle, including the helmeted shooter, a man about five feet tall, but the police suggested that two other men had also been involved, following the first pair on a second motorcycle.
Lankesh, the editor and publisher of a Bangalore weekly, the Gauri Lankesh Patrike, was an outspoken left-wing journalist working in an India that, since the 2014 election of Narendra Modi, leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), as prime minister, has become one of the world’s most dangerous countries to be a reporter. But the BJP is only the most overt face of a Hindu right that comprises more than 30 loosely affiliated organizations. Together, they all subscribe to the virulent brand of Hindu nationalism known as Hindutva, and they have in recent years been associated with activities ranging from lynchings, riots, and bomb blasts to threats of rape, dismemberment, incarceration, and hanging of people critical of them and their sectarian idea of India.
ICYMI: Freelancing abroad in a world obsessed with Trump
According to the 2017 Press Freedom Index compiled by Reporters Without Borders, India ranked 136 out of 180, a position quite out of keeping with India’s image as the world’s most populous democracy. Zimbabwe, before the fall of Robert Mugabe, came in at 127, while Afghanistan, mired in a grinding war, ranked 120th. Since 1992, according to the Committee to Protect Journalists, 43 journalists have been killed in India. The number tallied by the International Federation of Journalists is far higher: 73 journalists killed since 2005. Nine journalists were killed in 2015, one of them allegedly set on fire by policemen working for a politician accused of rape. Five were murdered in 2016. In the cases of 30 journalists murdered since 2010 being tracked by the Indian media watchdog The Hoot, there has been exactly one conviction.
But who was Gauri Lankesh? Her assassination made her briefly, startlingly, visible everywhere, a slender figure with short, cropped hair, sometimes looking animated and sometimes appearing deeply introspective. Protests and vigils broke out throughout India, under posters and giant, colorful puppets proclaiming “I am Gauri.” Within a month of her death, her work had been posthumously granted the Anna Politkovskaya Award, named in honor of a Russian journalist who was assassinated in Moscow in 2006. By December, Navayana, a progressive publishing house in Delhi, had brought out a collection of Lankesh’s writings and a Bangalore-based singer, Aarti Rao, released “Song for Gauri.”
Gauri Lankesh was an outspoken left-wing journalist working in an India that has become one of the world’s most dangerous countries to be a reporter.
One understands why people might have responded in this way: Lankesh’s life lends itself easily to the dramatic, a biopic, a novel, a narrative illustrating through a single, individual portrait the tectonic shifts of a vast, populous country. It is important to remember that her struggle was connected to a larger reality, in life and in death, beyond even the apparent serial assassination of critics of Hindutva. Lankesh was dangerous to a Hindu right that, in spite of its vigorous claims to represent a majority, remains keenly aware of how recent its widespread dominance is.
Yet the fact remains that while Lankesh’s work was known to, and admired by, those connected to progressive politics and causes in India—people critical of Hindu nationalism, crony capitalism, sexism, and casteism—it was largely invisible beyond those realms. This was particularly true in the domain of national television and print media, outlets that seesaw between tawdry consumerism and rancorous nationalism, between retreating into strategic silence on controversial matters of the day and actively cheering on the right-wing politics of the BJP and its various vigilante armies.
Lankesh, who grew up in Bangalore, worked for The Times of India, the nation’s largest daily newspaper, in the mid ’80s, first in her home city and then in Delhi. She returned to Bangalore in 1989 and began reporting for Sunday, a now-defunct English-language magazine, before switching to Kannada-language television in the late ’90s. Kannada was not a language she was initially comfortable in, according to her friends and associates, a detail of some significance because her father P. Lankesh, a polymath who was a literature professor, poet, playwright, filmmaker, and publisher of a weekly tabloid called Lankesh Patrike, was a well-known figure in the world of Kannada letters. The Lankesh Patrike did not accept advertisements, and it expressed what the Kannada-speaking journalist Krishna Prasad, former editor of the newsmagazine Outlook and writer of the incisive media and politics blog, Churumuri, described to me as an “eclectic world view,” erudite and literary while also being political and punchy.
When Lankesh’s father died in 2000, she and her brother, Indrajit, took the paper over, the editorial duties going to her while he became the publisher. (Their third sibling, Kavitha, a filmmaker, did not take a role at the paper.) This new responsibility involved a significant transition for Lankesh, not only in her beginning to write in Kannada and her first position as an editor, but also, Prasad notes, a shift in focus from the urban, fluffy issues dominating the corporate English media to rural issues that involved a more critical, engaged kind of journalism. In an interview she gave shortly after she took over the post, she said she had deliberately distanced herself from the weekly while her father was running it “because it is such a strident, hard-hitting paper, and I was working for the mainstream English media.” She added that she had been stagnating in English-language journalism, while her slightly cryptic references to “being alone” and “personal confusions” also hinted at the difficulty of being a single—her marriage to the journalist Chidanand Rajghatta had ended in divorce in the early ’90s—independent-minded woman in a patriarchal, conservative milieu.
While some skeptics questioned at the time whether Lankesh, given her lack of editing experience and previous involvement with the paper, could fill her father’s role, by all accounts, she embraced the transformation. She took an increasingly critical position on what Prasad calls “the upsurge of Hindutva forces of polarization” around the country and in particular in Karnataka. In 2002, she protested the Hindu right’s attempt to claim that the 11th century Sufi shrine of Baba Budan Giri, 170 miles west of Bangalore, where both Hindus and Muslims had worshipped for centuries, belonged exclusively to Hindus. “She courted arrest on the streets during the protest,” says her former husband Rajghatta, who remained friends after their divorce and is now a Washington-based columnist for The Times of India. “She was taking an increasingly leftist stand, always siding with the underdog.”
As Lankesh became more involved in political questions, she traveled in June 2004 to the southwestern region of Malnad to attend a press conference held by members of the Indian ultra-left movement variously referred to as Naxalites or Maoists. One of the Naxalites she met there was Saketh Rajan, a former Bangalore classmate and the son of an army officer, a radical who had written histories of Karnataka and worked as an environmentally conscious, muckracking journalist before becoming a guerrilla. Eight months after the meeting, Rajan was dead, shot down in the kind of extrajudicial execution referred to by the police in India as “encounters.” Lankesh wrote an article about the killing. Her brother Indrajit, an occasional filmmaker and television personality who last year officially joined the BJP, citing Modi as the inspiration behind his decision, refused to publish the article, apparently for being much too sympathetic to the Naxalites. Lankesh claimed he threatened her with a revolver.
Gauri Lankesh was an outspoken left-wing journalist working in an India that has become one of the world’s most dangerous countries to be a reporter. Photo courtesy of Kavaitha Lankesh.
Following the dispute, she left her father’s former paper and decided to start her own, the Gauri Lankesh Patrike. The seemingly minor adjustment in title had a wider significance. It brought into even sharper focus her status as a woman who had positioned herself against the dominant currents in India. Instead of denigrating the Naxalites, she attempted to get the government into dialogue with them. An op-ed she wrote for her paper in 2003, translated and republished by The New York Times in the weeks following her death, talked about the commonality and mutual curiosity of Indians and Pakistanis staring at each other across the heavily militarized border between the two nations. Younger activists who often split along lines of identity and ideology spoke of Lankesh’s successful attempts to mediate between them—leftists, Muslims, Dalits, women, the indigenous—on the basis of their common antipathy to Hindutva and its dystopian blueprint for the future. Rana Ayyub, an independent journalist whose book, Gujarat Files, is an account of her undercover investigation of bureaucrats and police officials involved in the anti-Muslim pogroms of 2002, recalled in an email about her friendship with Lankesh, “She published my book Gujarat Files in Kannada despite the threats and intimidation she was subjected to.”
In spite of a lack of coordination of investigators, certain patterns have emerged that connect the killings of journalists.
Although the southern state of Karnataka, of which Bangalore is the capital, is currently run by the centrist Congress Party, it remains a hotbed of activity of the Hindu right. This often manifests itself in violent forms. Two years before Lankesh’s murder, the scholar M. M. Kalburgi was gunned down in his living room in Dharwad, a small city 260 miles northwest of Bangalore. Before that, in the neighboring state of Maharashtra, Govind Pansare, an author and left-wing trade unionist, and Narendra Dabholkar, a doctor and an activist, were murdered.
Like Lankesh, all three were critics of Hindutva and wrote in local languages (Lankesh and Kalburgi in Kannada; Pansare and Dabholkar in Marathi). All were killed in a similar manner, shot by motorcycle-borne, helmeted men who had used a 7.65mm pistol of the kind referred to in India as “improvised” in recognition of their local, illegal, manufacturing origins. Nevertheless, there were some efforts at the beginning to suggest that Lankesh’s violent death was sui generis, with the police claiming the men they suspected of the crime were contract killers. The Congress chief minister of Karnataka, K. Siddaramaiah, also initially suggested that Lankesh’s death was the work of “organized crime,” but added his government was “confident of nabbing the culprits and bringing them to book at the earliest.” Months later, the culprits have not been nabbed and brought to book. At the same time, the stalled state of investigations into the murders of Kalburgi, Pansare, and Dabholkar—the latter was assassinated in August 2013, more than four years ago—as well as the ongoing intimidation in India of the media, public intellectuals, activists, and ordinary citizens, raises the question of whether justice will be carried out any time soon, or at all.
In recent years, Lankesh’s opposition to right-wing Hinduism had taken the form of claiming that the Lingayats, the community in Karnataka to which she belonged, should be given the status of a separate religion, an argument that would have angered the powerful, conservative faction of the Lingayats, the Veerashaivas, who saw themselves and, by extension, all Lingayats as part of the Hindu fold. Kalburgi, the scholar assassinated in August 2015, had also been a Lingayat. Using the 12th-century texts central to the Lingayat movement, Kalburgi too had made a similar argument about Lingayats being quite distinct from caste-based Hinduism. After receiving threats, he had been provided with police protection. Fifteen days after he asked his bodyguards to be withdrawn, he was killed.
“Lingayats have been recruited as the BJP’s largest voting bloc,” Raghu Karnad, an editor at the nonprofit news site The Wire who was friendly with Lankesh, tells me in an email, making the issue especially controversial in the run-up to Karnataka’s state assembly elections in May. Karnad, who first met Lankesh in person at a vigil for Kalburgi, thinks it was this nexus of local and national politics that led to Lankesh’s death. “A declaration that Lingayats are a minority religion is the single worst thing that could happen to the BJP, when it was planning to eliminate the Congress in Karnataka.”
ICYMI: “Suddenly, the car jerks back as a fiery explosion rips through the front seats”
Yet whatever specific combination was involved, the broad finger of suspicion points, inexorably, to members of the Hindu right, people determined to eliminate those it considers its ideological enemies, stubbornly standing in the way of India as a Hindu nation. Pansare and Dabholkar, who had been assassinated in the neighboring state of Maharashtra, were not involved specifically in the Lingayat question. They were part of what is referred to as the rationalist tradition of southern and western India, strongly committed to a scientific temperament, debunking superstition and the power of godmen and gurus, and opposed to both the political violence of Hindu majoritarianism as well as its social practice of enforcing caste and gender hierarchy. Pansare had promoted intercaste marriages. Dabholkar had been attempting to get the state government to introduce a law banning superstitious practices. His death finally provoked the government into action, and in December 2013, it passed the astonishing-sounding “Maharashtra Prevention and Eradication of Human Sacrifice and Other Inhuman, Evil and Aghori Practices and Black Magic Act.”
Yet the investigation of the killings of Dabholkar, Pansare, and Kalburgi remained tardy, often at cross purposes. The inquiry into Dabholkar’s killing, the oldest of the four cases, was botched by the Maharashtra Police and transferred, through the orders of the Bombay High Court, to the Central Bureau of Investigation, a federal agency. The Maharashtra Police continues, however, to investigate the Pansare killing, while the Karnataka Police handles the Kalburgi and Lankesh killings. The National Investigation Agency, a federal counter-terrorism body, is also involved. The involvement of different police agencies, with coordination required across bureaucratic boundaries, may be one of the factors responsible for the slow pace of the investigations. Abhay Nevagi, who has been representing the Dabholkar, Pansare, and Kalburgi families pro bono in a public interest litigation urging the Bombay High Court to demand accountability from the investigating bodies, says that there have been 24 court hearings to date.
And yet, in spite of the lack of coordination, cross-communication, and perhaps even unwillingness of the investigating bodies to dig very deep or very far, certain patterns have emerged that connect all four killings. According to the ballistic report of the Karnataka police, which looked at the bullets fired in the assassinations, two 7.65mm pistols were used in the killing of Pansare in February 2015. One of those pistols matched with the single weapon used to kill Dabholkar in August 2013, while the other matched with the weapon used to kill Kalburgi in August 2015. “The CBI laboratory has confirmed these matches,” Nevagi tells me. Now, reports from the forensic labs in Bangalore appear to have confirmed that the weapon used to kill Pansare and Kalburgi was also the weapon used to murder Lankesh. A Bangalore-based reporter who did not wish to be identified told me his own sources in the Karnataka police had confirmed this match as well.
The suspects around these linked pistols are members of a shadowy Hindu organization called the Sanatan Sanstha (SS), with headquarters in Goa, a state bordering Maharashtra and Karnataka. Two members of the SS, Vinay Pawar and Sarang Akolkar, are suspected of being the gunmen in the Pansare and Dabholkar cases. They are also wanted in connection with a bomb blast in a Goa marketplace in 2009 where two other members of the SS died—this explains the involvement of the counter-terrorism NIA—but the government has so far been unable to trace them. Two other SS members were also arrested for involvement in the Dabholkar and Pansare murders, a doctor called Vinay Tawade and a man called Samir Gaikwad, with the latter currently out on bail.
The SS has responded to the charges by parading 31 lawyers at a court hearing and threatening on social media to sue media organizations. One of its websites claims it “exposed corrupt practices of Comrade Pansare and Dr Dabholkar.” Dabholkar’s son, Hamid, however, noted in his affidavit to the Bombay High Court that his father’s photograph had been displayed on the SS website before the murder with a “red cross across his face.”
Lankesh was the third journalist killed in India in 2017, but not the last. Even as I spoke on the phone to Prasad about her death, he was on his way to Agartala, capital of the northeastern state of Tripura, to cover the murder of a cable television reporter who had been killed during a political demonstration. Tripura, like Karnataka, holds assembly elections this year, and the BJP is also a prime contender.
In other states on the frontline of armed conflicts between the government and the local population, such as Kashmir and Chattisgarh, it is dangerous to be a journalist even when there are no elections on the horizon. Under the pretenses of protecting national security, soldiers and police personnel (not to mention gangsters and vigilantes) intimidate media critical of government policies with complete impunity. In Kashmir, the government regularly shuts down social media, television channels, and newspapers. Of the 45 attacks on journalists in India recorded in 2017 by The Hoot, six were in Kashmir. In Chattisgarh, where mining companies, encouraged by the state and paramilitary forces, are facing off against indigenous populations and Naxalite guerrilla forces, journalists face dangers ranging from being denied hotel rooms and their phones being tapped to threats and arbitrary arrests by the police.
Journalists, however, are not the only ones under threat, as the killings of Kalburgi and the rationalists make clear. Sometimes, it appears as if the enemy is information itself, along with transparency, exposure, critical thinking—anything and everything that might be seen as characteristic of a free, open society. In the central Indian state of Madhya Pradesh, in a scandal involving admission to medical colleges that implicated the top BJP officials in the state, including the chief minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan, more than 40 whistleblowers, accused, and witnesses—doctors, medical students, policemen, and civil servants—turned up mysteriously dead over a period of three years. Ironically, national media took notice of the case, known as the Vyapam scam, only in 2015 when Akshay Singh, a television reporter investigating the death of a 19-year-old medical student—a death that had been passed off by the police as a suicide in spite of the strangulation marks on her body—himself collapsed and died in the middle of an interview with the student’s family.
The Vyapam deaths, at least, sparked a brief phase of outrage within India’s mainstream media. But this was an exception. More recently, the national media has largely refused to touch two recent stories involving Amit Shah, president of the BJP and Modi’s consigliere. In October, The Wire reported that a company owned by Shah’s son, Jay Shah, had increased its revenues from approximately $780 in 2014/2015 to $12.5 million the year following Modi’s election. A year later, the company ceased business altogether. Their scoop received scant attention from other English and Hindi outlets.
The same was true of an article in the Delhi-based magazine Caravan in November 2017 about the suspicious circumstances surrounding the death of Brijgopal Harkishan Loya, a 48-year-old judge. Apparently a healthy man, Loya was said to have died suddenly of a heart attack on December 1, just weeks before he was scheduled to try Shah in a case about an extrajudicial execution that had taken place in Gujarat under his watch as home minister. An unknown functionary of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Organization (RSS), the mass organization that serves as the fountainhead of the Hindu right, helpfully turned up out of nowhere to contact Loya’s family and explain that the body was being sent to them for funeral rites. Less than a month later, Shah was acquitted by the judge who took over the case from Loya.
The Hindu right has in recent years been associated with lynchings, riots, bomb blasts, threats of rape, and incarceration of anyone critical of its sectarian idea of India. (Photo by Debajyoti Chakraborty/NurPhoto via Getty Images)
The caution of the national media can in part be explained by pressure and intimidation. The Wire was served with a criminal defamation suit by lawyers for Jay Shah, with the court issuing a gag order in the case until the trial is complete. A CBI raid was ordered last June on the residence of the owners of NDTV, a television channel perceived as being critical of the BJP. The same channel was forced off the air for 24 hours in November 2016 as punishment for allegedly revealing strategic details about an anti-terror operation. Yet external pressure is only a partial explanation for the complacence of the national media, which from the owners down to editorial staff often seems to be a willing participant in the project of Hindu nationalism.
Many of the journalists I interviewed for this story had been forced out from earlier positions when articles they wrote or published ran afoul of the Hindu right. Prasad stepped down from Outlook in 2016 because a report he had published had resulted in a defamation lawsuit filed by a BJP functionary. He left voluntarily, he tells me, out of respect for the owners who had come under immense pressure. The story, a five-part investigation painstakingly reported over three months by independent journalist Neha Dixit, detailed the trafficking of 31 indigenous girls, ages 3 to 11, by the RSS, ostensibly for the purpose of Hinduizing them. Hartosh Singh Bal, the political editor of Caravan who published the Loya story only after it was brought to him by a journalist who had it turned down at the magazine he worked for, was fired from his previous job at Open magazine just before the 2014 election that brought Modi and the BJP to power. He was seen as being too critical of the BJP, he told me, and has since taken his previous employers to court for being dismissed without being given a reason.
The Hindu right has in recent years been associated with lynchings, riots, bomb blasts, threats of rape, and incarceration of anyone critical of its sectarian idea of India.
Lankesh’s work and life take on even greater significance against this wider context. By most accounts, she and her tabloid were struggling by the time of her death. Its circulation was low, somewhere between 10,000 and 15,000. She published textbooks and nonfiction to finance her paper, and her own English writing subsidized her Kannada journalism. But in November 2016, her column for Bangalore Mirror was canceled, reducing her income even further.
Friends and associates of Lankesh mention her calls, often connected to efforts to raise money for the paper. She had stopped paying her insurance premiums, Karnad wrote in a tribute published by n+1 shortly after her death. The house she lived in, Lankesh’s sister Kavitha tells me, had been a gift to her from their mother. Prasad, who blogged about Lankesh in the immediate aftermath of her killing, wrote that Lankesh had called him in April and said that she had only enough money left to cover a month’s expenses. The sudden cancellation of large denomination banknotes by the Modi government in November 2016 had devastated newsstand sales which her publication depended on. “When her end came, the ignition was on in Toyota’s cheapest offering in India,” Prasad wrote.
If there was this, a steady erosion of the material conditions of her journalism, there were also the shock waves consisting of lawsuits, threats, and character assassination. In 2016, Lankesh was found guilty by a lower court in a defamation case filed by two BJP politicians who had been accused, in an article published in 2008, of defrauding a jeweler. “Hope other journos take note,” the head of the BJP’s information and technology tweeted after the verdict. Lankesh felt she was being targeted for her politics and intended to challenge the verdict.
The virulence did not ease up after her death. Because she was buried rather than cremated, in keeping with Lingayat practices, there were attempts to argue that she was Christian, as if this justified her killing. A man from Gujarat describing himself as a “garment manufacturer” and “Hindu Nationalist,” one of 1,779 accounts followed at the time by Modi, tweeted, “One bitch dies a dog’s death all the puppies cry in the same tune.” Another man posted on Facebook, “Not an iota of sympathy for Lankesh, and the killers should have shredded her body with bullets and even blasted apart her apartment.” He also issued a hit list demanding that five women, all publicly visible authors, journalists, and commentators with politics ranging from liberal to left-wing, also be killed.
There is no reason to believe these comments, and the people who make them, are anomalies. The Hindu right, in the run up to the 2014 elections, popularized the term “presstitute,” a word that captures perfectly its loathing of a free press as well as the underclass, marginalized women who make a living as sex workers. It remains a depressingly popular hashtag on Indian social media, accompanied by demented rants and fake news attempting to incite violence against its enemies.
The final issue of Gauri Lankesh Patrike had, in fact, been called “In the Age of False News,” with an editorial by Lankesh that called out the Hindu right and its “lie factories.” She had noted the proliferation of rumors and right-wing abuse, and the deliberate stoking of violence, including by troll farms that target women, religious minorities, and people of opposing ideologies. There is no doubt the Hindu right is at the forefront of this.
Yet the possibility that the Sanatan Sanstha (SS), a relatively recent entrant into the fold of right-wing Hinduism, might have been behind the murders of Lankesh and the others, raises an even more disturbing possibility. It suggests that under the tutelage of the BJP, a model of entrepreneurial Hindutva has been unleashed, with new organizations that carry out independent acts of violence, though with the tacit support and encouragement of establishment Hindutva. Dhirendra Jha, a political journalist with the news site Scroll and author of the book Shadow Armies: Fringe Organizations and Foot Soldiers of Hindutva, notes that Hindu right groups like the SS are connected to their parent organization and yet are not “direct projections.” The SS, set up as a charitable trust in 1991, was founded by Jayant Balaji Athavale. Beginning as a hypnotherapist in Britain in the seventies, Athavale transformed himself first into the founding guru of the SS before achieving, in 2015, an even more remarkable transformation: He became, Jha’s book notes, a living god as manifested by his “hair turning golden; divine particles falling from his body; the symbol of OM appearing on his fingernails, forehead and tongue; and various fragrances from his body.” The seizure of psychotropic drugs from an SS ashram complex in Maharashtra in September 2016—in quantities, Dabholkar’s son, a psychiatrist, noted in his affidavit to the Bombay High Court, “only required by a mental hospital”—adds to the perception that the group has many of the characteristics of a cult.
The larger ambition of the SS, however, is the establishment of a Hindu Rashtra or Hindu Nation by 2023, which suggests the point where cult and Hindutva converge, where the shadow world of assassinations meets the realm of electoral politics. “The choice of the date,” Jha says, “seems to be connected to the assumption that Modi will win the election in 2019 and give them another five years to achieve their target, around 2023 or 2024.”
According to those close to the investigation into Lankesh’s killing, there are signs the police may be close to solving the crime. “They are looking at a little more evidence,” Lankesh’s sister Kavitha tells me. If so, it will be a welcome change from the stasis that seems to have infected the investigations into other slain critics of Hindutva. But will solving the Lankesh case offer answers or will it open up further questions?
Because whoever the killers turn out to be, Lankesh’s death has to be attributed to more than the men who pulled the trigger and rode the motorcycles, or even those shadowy figures who planned the assassination. She was killed by the culture of impunity promoted by India’s Hindu right, and that goes not just all the way up to the heads of states and political leaders but also includes the complacent media, the talking heads who rationalize Hindutva, as well as, most distressingly, a broad swath of Hindu society—mostly well-to-do, urban, professional, upper-caste—that gives this violence its wider base, whether by choosing to ignore it or by actively cheering on the violence.
There is no police force in the world that can address such widespread social and political malaise. Perhaps, all that is available is what Lankesh herself did, the forging of connections with and between people, and giving importance to politics, and ideas, and words. Kavitha tells me she asked her sister to act a small part in Summer Holidays, a Kannada children’s film she directed and is set to be released this summer. “She played an activist,” Kavitha says, laughing. “She was very good at it.”
ICYMI: Can the digital revolution save Indian journalism?
Siddhartha Deb is a novelist, journalist, and essayist. He received the PEN Open Book Award for his 2012 book The Beautiful and the Damned: A Portrait of the New India, which was published in India without its first chapter because of a lawsuit.
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25398
|
__label__wiki
| 0.676603
| 0.676603
|
As Ludlow school re-vote nears, info meeting sparsely attended
Shawn Cunningham | Jan 30, 2018 | Comments 0
By Shawn Cunningham
© 2018 Telegraph Publishing LLC
A little over two months ago, voters in Ludlow and Mount Holly went to the polls and approved – by wide margins – a merger that would keep their elementary schools open but close Black River High School by July 2020.
But, in late December, a group of Ludlow residents gathered the required signatures to force a re-vote in their town, saying that many voters had misunderstood the wording of the November ballot. That vote will take place on Feb. 6.
Black River alum Marissa Selleck outlines the plan to crreate a new independent high school in Ludlow should BRHS close. Photos by Shawn Cunningham
Yet on Monday evening, with little more than a week before the vote, only 20 people showed up to the Ludlow Auditorium for an information meeting on the question. And among that score were several school board members, school employees and members of the public who had already attended many of the meetings held on the topic.
Since the do-over goes by a different set of rules than the Nov. 28 vote, last night’s turnout may not bode well for those hoping to overturn the vote. Instead of winning by a straight majority, killing the merger will take more than two-thirds of the winning vote from the November balloting. In November, Ludlow voters approved the merger 344-172. That means that on Feb. 6, nixing the merger will require that the “no” vote is larger than the “yes” vote, but also that the “no” side gets at least 230 votes, which is two-thirds of 344 and 58 more than the 172 the “no” vote got in November.
BRHS alum Marissa Selleck kicked off the comments with a thumbnail sketch of the efforts of a private committee to create an independent high school for Ludlow – to be called Black River Academy – which could accept tuitioned students from both Ludlow and Mt. Holly after BRHS would close.
Sharon Bixby, who helped petition the re-vote, told the board that she was sorry to put them through this, but that it was their last-ditch effort to save the high school.
Study committee chair Mariel Meringolo told Bixby that she respected the political process, but was disappointed to see so few people.
“Why aren’t there people here tonight?” asked Meringolo.
For anyone who has followed the discussion to date, the arguments were substantially unchanged.
Merger consultant Dan French explains that the state is not in the business of keeping small schools open regardless of what the text of Act 46 says.
As in past meetings, Ludlow resident Chris Miele claimed that Act 46 was not designed to close small schools like Black River and that the towns should see if there could be legislative changes this session that would offer a reprieve. And, he added, even without a change in the laws, there is a 90-day window to negotiate terms of a state-imposed merger before it becomes final.
Merger consultant Dan French disagreed, telling the audience that he sees the Agency of Education pushing for greater financial controls and shrinking both school districts and supervisory unions. French said that the state is not trying to keep small schools open and that there is a proposal under consideration to create a “school closing commission.”
French also said that the 90 days was a time for school boards — not the voting public — to have “limited opportunities to negotiate.”
Having had discussions with the AOE, French noted that some supervisory union boundaries are likely to be redrawn as part of the statewide plan to be proposed in July and approved by November 2018. French suspected that could have an effect in this area.
French predicted that a “no” vote would result in Ludlow and Mt. Holly being forced into a merger with the new Green Mountain Unified School District. With minority representation on that board, Ludlow could see Black River closed by that district and the two elementary schools would be under the control of that larger district board rather than locals.
French confirmed that, under the current law, the four towns that comprise the GMUSD could not be forced into a merger and would vote on whether to accept Ludlow and Mt. Holly. As such, they could make it a condition of the merger to close Black River.
U39 board member Dan Buckley floats his idea of a local option tax that would support both a local private high school and – indirectly – the public school.
One relatively new and novel idea floated by Black River High (U39) board member Dan Buckley would be to enact a 1 percent local option sales tax to help fund the private Black River Academy.
The tax would raise about $900,000, he said. With one-third going to the state of Vermont, the remaining $600,000 would not only help the new school operate, but also fund the elementary schools through income that school district would receive by leasing the current high school to the new private school.
Saying he was not a lawyer, French congratulated Buckley on the “good homework” but noted that, “You are operating a very expensive little high school right now.” French called on the group not to confuse the issue and noted that the current situation is not sustainable.
The merger re-vote will take place from 10 a.m. to 7 p.m. Tuesday, Feb. 6 at the Ludlow Town Hall, 37 Depot St.
Filed Under: Education News • Featured
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25400
|
__label__wiki
| 0.887445
| 0.887445
|
Arts & Entertainment Books
The emperor rules again in "Ernie K-Doe"
Jake Austen
In 1961, R&B; entertainer Ernie K-Doe had a massive hit with the whimsical, infectious "Mother-In-Law," and for most of America that's where the story ended. But in his native New Orleans that was chapter one in an epic. Not only did his next few records become regional favorites, but for the next four decades, the braggadocious, dynamic fireball became a local institution.
This piece first ran in Printers Row Journal, delivered to Printers Row members with the Sunday Chicago Tribune and by digital edition via email. Click here to learn about joining Printers Row.
Though alcohol sometimes drowned his voice, K-Doe continuously managed to swim to the surface, most notably in the '80s when he showcased his verbal gymnastics as a community radio DJ, and ultimately in the '90s when his marriage to an ambitious woman named Antoinette led to him opening the Mother-In-Law Lounge and reinventing himself as a bewigged Emperor of the Universe, the Big Easy's out-of-this-world answer to Sun Ra.
Because the colorful icon, his city and live R&B; are so richly visual, a coffee table book of glossy photos of K-Doe destroying stages, cavorting with a Beatle ("Paul MacArther (sic) … I taught him how to play"), and holding court at the Mother-In-Law would be a joy even with minimal captions. But Ben Sandmel's new book, "Ernie K-Doe: The R&B; Emperor of New Orleans," features a lengthy, brilliantly researched biography that manages to make facts as intriguing as myths. It is a triumph. Sandmel's status as a veteran New Orleans scenester allows for a book that gets lively during the surreal Mother-In-Law Lounge days — which the author observed firsthand. It also means he has relationships with the musicians who played alongside K-Doe in his heyday and could gain the trust of the soul man's bevy of intriguing exes.
After K-Doe died in 2001, Antoinette began dressing a life-size statue of K-Doe in his finest clothes, and this faux version of the singer continued to make public appearances, with locals speaking of K-Doe's comings-and-goings as if he'd never left. Like that statue, Sandmel's book is a magnificent work of art that helps guarantee the Emperor's immortality.
Jake Austen is editor of Roctober magazine and co-author of "Darkest America: Black Minstrelsy from Slavery to Hip-Hop." He lives in Chicago.
"Ernie K-Doe: The R&B; Emperor of New Orleans"
By Ben Sandmel, Historic New Orleans Collection, 285 pages, $39.95
25 hottest new books for summer
Chicagoland best-sellers: 'Where the Crawdads Sing' by Delia Owens holds on at No. 1
National best-sellers
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25401
|
__label__wiki
| 0.86029
| 0.86029
|
Seahawks create eight turnovers in 58-0 rout
SEATTLE -- Vociferous and talented Seattle Seahawks cornerback Richard Sherman ran side by side with Arizona receiver Larry Fitzgerald early in the second quarter when Cardinals quarterback John Skelton zipped a pass their way.
Sherman broke on the underthrown spiral. Fitzgerald did not. The interception turned into a 19-yard touchdown for Sherman, one of several highlights for the Seahawks and among the litany of lowlights for the woeful Cardinals in Seattle's 58-0 rout of Arizona at a cool, damp CenturyLink Field on Sunday afternoon.
The 58 points were a Seahawks single-game record, breaking the previous high of 56 points against Buffalo on Oct. 30, 1977. The final score represented the Seahawks' largest margin of victory, and the third-largest margin of victory in the NFL in the modern era.
Seattle running back Marshawn Lynch scored three touchdowns, and Lynch and Robert Turbin each topped 100 yards on the ground.
Arizona (4-9) has lost nine consecutive games. It's no wonder. The Cardinals turned the ball over eight times Sunday. The Seahawks scored on offense, defense and special teams before halftime, helping Seattle to a 38-0 lead at the break. That was the third-most points scored in a first half in Seahawks history.
"Ass kicking," Skelton said. "That's the only thing you can say. For them to come out and dominate the way they did in every phase of the game, it's embarrassing."
Sunday was a spectacle encapsulated by Sherman's theatrics. Sherman danced, pranced and woofed all over the field. He had two interceptions and a fumble recovery. After one pass breakup, he made a gesture as if he were turning a key in a lock before tucking the key back into his pocket.
He said afterward his touchdown dance is called the "Sherman Shuffle." He also performed the "Gravedigger" with teammate Kam Chancellor following his second interception.
"Gotta have some fun out there," Sherman said.
More stoic teammate Earl Thomas almost smiled when talking about Sherman.
"Sherm had a great game," Thomas said. "He's a little crazy ..."
He was able to do that because of the Seahawks' dominance and the appeal of his suspension for a reported positive drug test resulting from Adderall consumption. ESPN reported Sunday that Sherman's appeal hearing, originally scheduled for Dec. 14, could be pushed back further.
When the score reached 45-0 after Lynch's 33-yard touchdown run early in the third quarter, the Seahawks (8-5) pulled quarterback Russell Wilson. Matt Flynn then took his first snaps of the season.
Arizona made a quarterback change for a different reason. Skelton went 11-for-22 for 74 yards and four interceptions. Ryan Lindley relieved him and went 8-for-17 for 59 yards.
When Arizona head coach Ken Whisenhunt was asked postgame what he will do next week about the quarterback situation, he responded to the reporter with a question of his own.
"Do you play?"
An unlikely series of tips ended Arizona's first drive and were a harbinger of the problems to come. Skelton first tried to hit Fitzgerald on third-and-2 at the Seahawks' 37-yard line. Seattle linebacker K.J. Wright was trailing Fitzgerald, and he initially broke up the pass. Seahawks cornerback Walter Thurmond dived to keep the loose, spinning ball off the ground, digging it like a volleyball player. That allowed linebacker Bobby Wagner to snag it, wheel and head 45 yards downfield.
Skelton tripped Wagner, saving the touchdown. Seattle kicker Steven Hauschka turned the turnover into three points with a 31-yard field goal to give the Seahawks the early lead. Hauschka also hit 28- and 32-yard field goals later in the game.
"Opposite of Murphy's Law," Sherman said. "Everything that could go right, went right."
Lynch pushed the lead to 10-0 when he cut back and scored a 20-yard touchdown with 2:04 left in the first quarter. He gained 15 yards on the previous play, but that progress was nullified by a personal foul on right tackle Breno Giacomini. No matter. Lynch, who rushed for 128 yards on 11 carries, scored on the next play.
Turbin gained 108 yards on 20 carries.
A 67-yard completion to tight end Anthony McCoy -- he had a career-high 105 receiving yards on three catches -- set up Lynch again. Lynch's 4-yard touchdown vaulted Seattle in front 17-0 with 14:53 to go in the second quarter and made it clear this is not the same Arizona squad that started the season with a win over the Seahawks.
Wilson hit tight end Zach Miller down the middle for a 24-yard touchdown and a 38-0 Seahawks lead with six seconds left in the half.
The Cardinals gifted another score to Seattle when Patrick Peterson muffed a punt midway through the second quarter. Seattle's Malcolm Smith plucked the ball out of the air on his way into the end zone to make the score 31-0. The play was so odd, referee Carl Cheffers explained it this way:
"After several muffs by the receiving team, the kicking team recovers in the end zone."
That about summed up the day.
NOTES: Seattle's Brandon Browner, who was suspended for the same violation as Sherman, began serving his four-game suspension Sunday. ... Former Seahawks quarterback Jon Kitna raised the 12th Man flag. ... The Cardinals' Dan Williams suffered a hamstring injury. ... Wilson threw his first interception at home this season when Peterson picked him off in the second quarter. ... The Seahawks' inactives were Charly Martin, Marcus Trufant, DeShawn Shead, Ron Parker, Rishaw Johnson, Mike Person and Jaye Howard. ... The Cardinals' inactives were Kevin Kolb, LaRon Byrd, Jamell Fleming, Senio Kelemete (who is from the Seattle area and played at the University of Washington), Pat McQuistan, Kory Sperry and Ronald Talley.
Robert Turbin
Steven Hauschka
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25402
|
__label__wiki
| 0.892421
| 0.892421
|
Roster rundown: Danny Trevathan remains anchor for Bears at inside linebacker
By Brad Biggs
Feb 15, 2018 | 7:25 AM
Part 8 of an 11-part review of the 2017 Bears season.
The Bears made a major investment in inside linebackers before the 2016 season, and Danny Trevathan remains as a solid contributor at the heart of the unit while a one-time undrafted free agent has proved to be proficient and valuable for his versatility.
Christian Jones wound up starting 11 games, two of them at outside linebacker at the end of the season after injuries created depth issues there, and finished second on the team with 84 tackles. Jones almost certainly would have been the Bears’ leading tackler had he not been shifted to the outside for the final four games of the season when his playing time dipped dramatically; Jones totaled only 72 snaps over the final four games.
While the Bears ultimately might seek an upgrade over Jones as a full-time starter alongside Trevathan, and would likely consider former fourth-round pick Nick Kwiatkoski first for the role, the versatility of Jones and his additional value as a core special teams player enhances his value as he prepares to become an unrestricted free agent.
The signing of Jerrell Freeman to a three-year deal when Trevathan was added as a major piece (four-year, $28 million contract with $15.5 million guaranteed) has not worked out. Freeman was celebrated for leading the team in tackles in 2016 despite missing four games to suspension for violating the NFL’s policy on performance-enhancing drugs, but the metrics used by those who supported Freeman simply didn’t add up. He lacked the athletic ability to be a dynamic player in the middle of the defense and didn’t play with the same range as Trevathan.
Inside linebackers in this scheme should pile up tackle statistics, so that alone didn’t make Freeman anything more than an average player. Now at 31 and coming off a second PED suspension as well as a concussion suffered in the season opener against the Falcons when he tore a pectoral muscle, it would be a stunner if Freeman returned under new coach Matt Nagy. If Freeman does not retire, the Bears will almost certainly terminate his contract.
That creates definite need for the Bears, who have gotten 13 starts out of Kwiatkowski over the last two seasons with six coming in 2017 when he missed five games from Week 3 through Week 7 after suffering a pectoral injury that, fortunately, did not lead to surgery.
Roll call: Danny Trevathan (signed through 2019), Christian Jones (unrestricted free agent), Nick Kwiatkoski (signed through 2019), Jonathan Anderson (signed through 2018), John Timu (restricted free agent), Jerrell Freeman (signed through 2018).
2018 salary-cap figures: Trevathan $7.15 million, Kwiatkoski $773,780, Anderson $705,000, Freeman $4 million.
2017 season review: Credit to Trevathan for returning in time for the start of the season from a serious injury. Late in the 2016 season, he ruptured the patellar tendon in his right knee, which the kind of injury that can derail a player’s career. It can be a more grueling and lengthy rehabilitation than players face returning from more common ACL tears, and Trevathan proved able to get back in good time and good shape to anchor the center of the defense. He missed the Week 5 game for suspension after an illegal hit on Packers wide receiver Davante Adams and was sidelined from Weeks 9 through 11 with a calf muscle injury.
Durability is a concern for Trevathan, who has missed 10 games because of injury in two seasons with the Bears and has been held out of a total of 25 games over the last four seasons after competing in all 32 games in his first two seasons in the league. Trevathan, who led the position with 713 snaps (67.4 percent), made a season-high 13 tackles in the Week 4 loss in Green Bay and again in the Week 8 loss in New Orleans. His 60 solo tackles tied for the team lead with cornerback Kyle Fuller and safety Adrian Amos and he added four tackles for a loss, four quarterback hits, two sacks and five passes defenses with one interception.
Kwiatkoski was promoted first when Freeman was lost for the season after the opener. He showed improvement over his rookie season and does a nice job of playing physically and downhill. He figures to be in the mix for a starting job if a clear improvement is not brought in. Kwiatkoski was on the field for 382 snaps (36.1 percent) and made 45 tackles (eighth) with two sacks and two pass breakups. He made a career-high 10 tackles (nine solo) with a sack in the Nov. 12 loss to the Packers at Soldier Field.
Jones finally settled in after moving from outside to inside linebacker. As defensive coordinator Vic Fangio explained, that was a difficult process because there is so much more happening on the interior. With more experience, Jones improved in the middle, and while he still lacks the instinct you’d probably want, he has missed only one game in four seasons and for a team with so many durability issues, Jones’ health cannot be overstated. He was second at the position with 623 snaps (58.9 percent) and had 57 solo tackles with five tackles for loss, two sacks and two passes defensed.
Timu was promoted from the practice squad in Week 3 and played sporadically on defense with only 136 snaps while contributing on special teams. Timu’s instincts are very good, but he’s undersized and limited athletically which limits his upside. It’s unlikely the Bears will tender him as a restricted free agent, but it’s not out of the realm of possibility that he could return on a lesser deal.
Anderson was on the taxi squad for much of the season, appearing in 12 games but spending three different stints on the practice squad. He was primarily used on special teams and totaled only 31 snaps on defense.
Free agency/draft priority: Medium to low. The key here is how the Bears evaluate Kwiatkowski and his viability as a starter moving forward. Teams aim for fourth-round picks to ultimately rise into starting roles by Year 3 or be primary backups and if nothing else, Kwiatkowski is a solid backup and quality special teams player. It’s difficult to rank this as a high need when you consider the moves the team will need to make at outside linebacker and cornerback, not to mention the holes that must be filled on offense.
Change in coaching staff means: Nagy will naturally have input on all areas of the defense, but there shouldn’t be a lot of shifting here in terms of what Fangio and the Bears are doing.
Latest Bears
Ranking the 100 best Bears players ever: No. 50, Larry Morris
Ranking the 100 best Bears players ever: No. 51, Dick Barwegan
Devin Hester’s 6-year-old son, Dray, is going viral after flashing jukes and stutter-steps: ‘Nobody can stop you’
Ranking the 100 best Bears players ever: No. 52, Wally Chambers
Robbie Gould signs a long-term deal with the 49ers, closing the door on a possible Bears reunion
Bottom line: The Bears have a quality player in the middle of their defense in Trevathan. With a little luck, he will be more durable in 2018. The Bears need to determine what direction they want to head to replace Freeman, but know this: Even at the start of last season, there were some in the organization who believed he was going to cede playing time to Kwiatkowski during the 2017 season, and this was said before things kicked off. If the belief is the arrow is still pointing up for Kwiatkowski, he could step into that role while the team makes a move for a backup. Whether that means re-signing Jones, we’ll have to wait and see.
Coming Friday: Cornerbacks
bmbiggs@chicagotribune.com
Twitter @BradBiggs
Roster rundown: Bears forced to juggle as injuries hit outside linebackers »
Roster rundown: Defensive line at the center of improvements made in 2017 »
Roster rundown: Bears invested in tight ends in 2017 but didn't get needed production »
Roster rundown: Wide receivers missed the mark leaving Bears with much work to do »
Roster rundown: After injury-plagued year, decisions to be made on Bears' O-line »
Roster rundown: Jordan Howard's skills could be perfect fit in Bears new offense »
Roster rundown: Bears QB Mitch Trubisky's rookie year stands as reason for hope »
Danny Trevathan
Jerrell Freeman
Nick Kwiatkoski
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25403
|
__label__wiki
| 0.554267
| 0.554267
|
Minister Sacramento Hosts Debriefing Session for Participants of the Women’s Mentorship Programme
By Chronicle Staff Share
The Minister for Equality, Samantha Sacramento, held a debriefing and networking session for all participants of the pilot cycle of the Ministry of Equality’s Women’s Mentorship Programme.
The Women’s Mentorship Programme was first announced on International Women’s Day 2018 by Ms Sacramento as a call-to-action for professionals to give back to the community by mentoring women and thereby supporting them professionally.
The programme is part of the Gender Equality Strategy and is one of the various strands devised to close the gender pay gap and to promote the advancement of women in the workplace. The long-term goals of the programme are to achieve a stronger economy and a fairer society.
“The pilot cycle which is now entering its final stages has been enthusiastically received by the local community and is well supported by a number of organisations, including the Gibraltar Federation of Small Businesses, the Gibraltar Chamber of Commerce, Girls in Tech Gibraltar, Women in Business, and EY Gibraltar,” said a statement from the Government.
After a short address Ms Sacramento opened the floor for discussion in which participants were very engaged.
“I am delighted to be able to address the participants of the programme and to hear their initial and positive feedback first hand. Everyone at the debrief and feedback session engaged positively and openly,” she said.
“I would like to express my gratitude to all those who have participated in and contributed to the success of the programme, I am very pleased that the programme has been so well supported by a wide cross section of the community and that both mentors and mentees are reporting high levels of engagement and mutually enriching experiences,” she added.
As Iran condemns British 'piracy', Israeli organisation launches legal bid to seize Grace 1
Secret files record Major's 'outrage' at ECHR decision on IRA shootings
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25407
|
__label__cc
| 0.685247
| 0.314753
|
New Orleans By-Laws
Events – RSVP
ARTICLE I – NAME AND OBJECT
The name of this Society shall be “COPAS OF NEW ORLEANS”
Section 2. OBJECT
The object of this Society shall be to (1) study and analyze accounting and the other related issues of the Petroleum Industry & develop recommended guidelines and interpretations, (2) advance the individual capabilities of it’s current and prospective members through educational and professional development programs, (3) provide a forum for the exchange of information and ideas, and (4) participate in and support national Council Of Petroleum Accountants Societies (COPAS) in its activities.
ARTICLE II – MEMBERSHIP
Section 1. PARTICIPATING MEMBERS
Any person over twenty-one (21) years of age who is actively engaged in Petroleum Accounting, Public Accounting or Education, directly affiliated with the petroleum industry’s accounting functions, and approved for membership in accordance with Section 4 of this Article II. This membership allows participation in all activities of the Society.
(a) A member of the petroleum industry is defined as any individual,
partnership, corporation, or association actively engaged in the exploration
for, or the production, transportation, refining or marketing of oil and gas.
The geographical area of the petroleum industry as it pertains to
membership in the Society includes work locations in Orleans, Jefferson,
and St. Tammany and St. Bernard parishes.
(b) Those Petroleum Accountants who qualify for membership under this
section who attend the initial meeting of this Society shall automatically
become charter members by voting for the adoption of this Constitution
and By-Laws.
(c) Any Petroleum Accountant who qualifies for membership under this
Section and does not attend the initial meeting of this Society may
automatically become a charter member by filling his/her written
application for membership with the Secretary of the Society at any time
on or before December 31, 1955.
Section 2. ASSOCIATE MEMBERS
Any person who would normally qualify for regular membership, whose place of employment is outside the geographical area defined in Section 1 (a) of this Article II, and approved for membership in accordance with Section 4 of this Article II. Associate Members are not entitled to be elected or appointed to serve on the Board of Directors, Council Representatives, or Committee Chairpersons.
Section 3. ACADEMIC MEMBERS
Students in the academic field of accounting desiring an affiliation for educational purposes, and approved for membership in accordance with Section 4 of this Article II.
Academic Members are not entitled to vote or hold office in the Society, or serve on the Board of Directors, as Council Representatives or as a chairperson or voting member of a committee.
Section 4. APPLICATIONS FOR MEMBERSHIP
Applications for membership shall be made in writing to the Secretary on form(s) provided for that purpose. Applications shall be forwarded to the Executive Committee. Each applicant whose application is approved by the Executive Committee shall become a member effective as of the date of such approval. New members should be notified in writing by the Chairperson of the Membership Committee and be provided a copy of this Constitution and By-Laws.
Section 5. HONORARY MEMBERS
The Board of Directors may elect any past member or other person who has distinguished himself/herself in exceptional service rendered to the Society or to the Petroleum Industry to honorary membership in this Society. Honorary Members shall be entitled to all privileges of the Society except voting or holding office in the Society and shall be exempt from the payment of dues.
Section 6. RESIGNATION
Any member may sever his/her connection with the Society but such action on the part of a member shall not require the Society to refund any fees or dues.
Section 7. FORFEITURE OF MEMEBRSHIP
The non-payment of Society dues or assessments shall be grounds to forfeit the membership of any individual. The Executive Committee shall review and determine appropriate action for each case referred by the Treasurer.
Section 8. EXPULSION
Any member adjudged by the Board of Directors to have violated the Constitution and By-Laws of this Society, or who shall be guilty of conduct detrimental to the Society, may be expelled from the membership in the Society by the Board of Directors.
ARTICLE III – BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Section 1. NUMBER AND DUTIES OF DIRECTORS
The Board of Directors of the Society shall consist of nine (9) Participating Members who shall be elected by the Society’s Participating and Associate Members. The Board of Directors shall maintain continuous surveillance over the affairs of the Society to assure that policies, projects and other activities are being properly and timely executed, and shall continually review objectives of the Society.
Section 2. NOMINATIONS
The Nominating Committee for the Board of Directors election shall consist of the First Vice President as Chairperson and two other Participating Members of the Society, appointed by the President. Profiles of nominees shall be mailed to the Participating Members in at least 30 days prior to the election. Nominations may also be accepted from the floor at each May meeting.
Section 3. ELECTION AND TERMS OF OFFICE
At each May meeting there shall be elected, by secret ballot of Participating and Associate Members present and voting, directors to replace the directors whose terms expire May 31 of that year. Each director elected shall serve for a term of three (3) years from June 1 of the year in which such director is elected. Provided, however that any Participating Member elected to complete the unexpired term of a director shall serve as adirector only for such unexpired time.
Section 4. VACANCIES AND REPLACEMENTS
Director shall hold office until their successors are elected and have qualified. If any director’s office should be vacant his/her unexpired term shall be filled by a majority vote of the members of the Board of Directors then serving as such. If for any reason the required number of directors are not elected at the May meeting, they may be elected at any special meeting called for this purpose by the Board of Directors.
Section 5. MEETINGS AND QUORUM
The Board of Directors shall meet at least monthly at such times and places as it may select. At such meeting five directors present in person shall constitute a quorum. At all meetings of the Board of Directors, the President of the Society, if present, shall act as Chairperson. Notices of Director’s meetings shall be mailed by the Secretary or as the Board of Directors may otherwise direct, not less than seven (7) days prior to the meeting date; but no defect in such notice nor the failure to give such notice shall invalidate the meeting or any proceeding taken thereat so long as a quorum is present. Any of the meetings of this Board shall be open to all members of the Society.
Section 6. RE-ELECTION OF DIRECTORS
Directors shall be eligible to succeed themselves. A retiring director who is also the retiring Director-President shall remain an Ex-Offcio member of the Board of Directors for a period of one year but shall not be a voting member of the Board.
Section 7. COMPANY REPRESENTATION ON BOARD
Not more than two employees of any employer shall be eligible to serve on the Board of Directors at any given time. For purpose of this section all subsidiary or affiliated companies shall be considered as on employer. Public Accounting and Education will be limited to three seats in total on the nine member Board of Directors.
Section 8. BOARD AUTHORITY/EMPLOYMENT& PAYMENTS
The Board of Directors may authorize the Secretary to employ such clerical assistants as may, in its discretion, be necessary. These assistants shall perform such duties and be subject to such regulations as the Board of Directors may from time to time prescribe. They shall receive such compensation as may be designated by the Board of Directors.
Section 9. REMOVAL OF DIRECTOR
Any Director may be removed by vote of six (6) members of the Board of Directors at a special meeting called for that purpose, after such proceedings as the Board of Directors may determine. Upon such removal of a Director, his/her office shall be filled for the unexpired term thereof as provided for in Section 4 of this Article III.
Section 10. RESTRICTED POWER TO ASSUME LIABITLITIES
The Board of Directors shall not have the power to assume any liability on behalf of the Society for the amount in excess of the funds in the hands of the Treasurer at the time such liability incurred, unless expressly authorized by the three-fourths vote of all Participating and Associate Members in good standing at a regular meeting or at a special meting called for that purpose.
Section 11. COPAS REPRESENTATION
The Board of Directors shall designate one Participating Member to be the official voting Council Representative to COPAS. The President shall serve as the alternate Council Representative and shall attend all Council meetings.
ARTICLE IV – OFFICERS
Section 1. OFFICERS
The officers of the Society shall be a President, a First Vice President, a Second Vice President, a Secretary and a Treasurer, all whom shall be members of the Board of Directors.
Section 2. ELECTION
The officers of the Society shall be elected by the Directors at the first Board f Directors’ meeting following the election of new Directors at the May meeting. The term of office of each shall expire on May 31 of the calendar year following the year in which elected, except that each officer shall continue to serve until a successor is duly elected and qualified. Officers shall not be eligible for re-election to the same office more than two consecutive years, unless held for less than the full year.
Section 3. VACANCY & REPLACEMENT
In case of a vacancy in the office of the President, the First Vice President and the Second Vice President shall automatically advance, the First Vice President to the office of President and the Second Vice President to the office of First Vice President. Vacancy in any other office shall de filled, for the unexpired term thereof, by a majority vote of the Board of Directors.
Section 4. REMOVAL OF OFFICIERS
Any Officer may be removed for cause by a vote of six (6) members of the Board of Directors at a special meeting called for that purpose, after such proceedings as the Board of Directors may determine. Upon such removal of an Officer, this office shall be filled for the unexpired term thereof by a majority vote of the Board of Directors, subject to provisions of Article IV, Section 3.
ARTICLE V – EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
Section 1. MEMBERS
At the June Board of Directors meeting, the President shall designate, and the Board of Directors shall approve two directors; and these two directors, together with the President as Chairperson, shall constitute an Executive Committee of the Board of Directors. Not more than one employee of any employer shall be eligible to serve on the Executive Committee at any given time. For purposes of this section, all subsidiary or affiliated companies shall be considered as one employer.
At any meeting of the Executive Committee, two members thereof present in person shall constitute a quorum for all purposes. Any of the meetings of this Committee shall be open to all Members.
Section 3. REPORT OF ACTION TAKEN
At each meeting of the Board of Directors, the Executive Committee shall report any action taken by it since the last preceding meeting of the Board of Directors.
Section 4. CHANGE IN MEMBERSHIP
The members of the Executive Committee may be changed by the President at any time when, in his/her sole discretion, such change is desirable for the best interests of the Society; provided, however, that the Executive Committee shall always consist of two (2) directors and the President as Chairperson.
Section 5. DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
To act for and on behalf of the Board of Directors during the interim between board meetings on any and all matters which may be delegated by the Board of Directors.
Section 6. RESTRICTED POWER TO ASSUME LIABILITIES
The Executive Committee shall not have the power to assume liability on behalf of the Society for an amount in excess of the funds in the hands of the Treasurer at the time such liability is incurred, unless expressly authorized by the three-fourths vote of all Participating and Associate Members in good standing at a regular meeting or at a special meeting called for that purpose.
ARTICLE VI – DUTIES OF OFFICERS
Section 1. PRESIDENT
The President shall be the executive head of the Society, and when present, shall preside at all meetings of the Society, of the Board of Directors, and of the Executive Committee. He/She shall exercise a general supervision over the affairs of the Society and shall see to the enforcement of the Constitution and By-Laws and to the carrying out of all resolutions and proceedings of the Society, of the Board of Directors, and of the Executive Committee. He/She shall keep the Executive Committee fully informed and shall frequently consult it concerning the business activities of the Society. The President shall serve as the alternate Council Representative and shall attend all Council meetings as well as the Presidents’ Leadership Conference and the President’s Forum.
Section 2. FIRST VICE PRESIDENT
In case of the absence or disability of the President, the First Vice President shall perform his/her duties. He/She shall serve as Parliamentarian of the Society, assist in enforcing the By-Laws, and serve as the Chairperson of the Nominating and Program Committees. The First Vice President shall be responsible for Board Liaison with the Nominating, Program, Joint Interest, Education, Financial Reporting and International Committees. The First Vice President shall have such other powers and duties as may be prescribed by
the Board of Directors or by the Executive Committee.
Section 3. SECOND VICE PRESIDENT
In case of the absence or disability of the First Vice President, the Second Vice President shall perform his/her duties. He/She shall serve as the Chairperson of the Membership Committee. The Second Vice President shall be responsible for Board Liaison with the Membership, Audit, EDI, Publicity, Refining & Marketing, Revenue, and Tax Committees. The Second Vice President shall have such other powers and duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors or by the Executive Committee.
Section 4. SECRETARY
The Secretary shall keep a roll of the members, give notices of meetings of the Society, of the Board and of the Executive Committee, keep a written record of proceedings at such meetings which shall be available to members of the Board on or before the next meeting, preserve all communications pertaining to the affairs of the Society and perform such other duties as shall pertain to the office of Secretary as may be prescribed by the Executive Committee. The membership roll, and all other records, documents, or other things relating to the Society, in the custody of the Secretary, shall be open at all times to inspection by an officer of the Society and shall be subject to audit at any time.
Section 5. TREASURER
The Treasurer shall keep proper books of account showing dues receivable and collected from members, and all other funds receivable and collected, together with record of payments made by him/her from time to time under authority of the Executive Committee. He/She shall collect such dues and all other funds receivable by the Society, subject to the supervision and control of the Executive Committee. The books of account, and all other records, documents, or other things relating to the Society, in the custody of the Treasurer, shall be open at all times to inspection by an Officer of the Society and shall be subject to audit at any time. The funds received by the Treasurer shall be deposited in a bank to be selected by the Executive Committee in an account in the name of the Society and the same may be withdrawn from said bank on signature of any two Officers. He/She shall be responsible for the preparation of the annual budget and arranging for the annual audit. He/She shall be responsible for contracting, in the name of the Society, for the serving of meals and refreshments to persons attending monthly meetings and reasonable expenses incidental to the holdings of such meetings.
The Treasurer shall perform other duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors.
ARTICLE VII – COMMITTEES
Section 1. STANDING COMMITTEES
The permanent Standing Committees of the Society shall be AUDIT, EDUCATION, ELECTRONIC DATA INTERCHANGE (EDI), FINANCIAL REPORTING, INTERNATIONAL, JOINT INTEREST, MEMBERSHIP PROGRAM, PUBLICITY, REFINING & MARKETING, REVENUE & TAX. The President shall appoint a Chairperson and such members of the committees as deemed necessary and in the best interest of the Society.
Section 2. SPECIAL COMMITTEES
Special committees may at any time be created by the Board of Directors or appointed by the President.
These committees shall be charged with the responsibility of researching and reporting in a timely manner on their respective areas of interest to the Society and acting as a liaison with the corresponding National Standing or Special Committee, where applicable. These duties shall include research and surveys of industry issues, written opinions on current topics, and dissemination of information on significant developments. The specific objectives, duties and voting procedures for each committee shall be defined by such committee and be approved by the Board of Directors. Any subsequent revisions also require Board of Director approval.
ARTICLE VIII – FINANCES
Section 1. FISCAL YEAR
The fiscal year shall begin on the first day of July.
Section 2. ANNUAL DUES
A. AMOUNT
The Board of Directors shall fix the amount of the annual dues of the Society
which shall be paid by Participating, Associate and Academic Members and shall, in its discretion have the power to suspend, reduce or increase said annual dues when, in its judgment such suspension, reduction or increase shall be in the best interest of the Society, provided that the amount of the annual dues shall not be changed except at the beginning of a fiscal year. A candidate who is admitted to Participating Membership on or after January 1 of any fiscal year shall be charged a prorated amount of the prevailing annual dues; and the member shall be invoiced for such dues at the time he/she is notified of his/her election to membership in the Society.
B. EXEMPTIONS
Honorary Members of the Society shall be exempt from the payment of annual dues.
C. PAYMENT
All Society charges are payable within thirty days of the invoice date.
Section 3. AUDITING
An annual audit of the accounts and records of COPAS of New Orleans shall be
conducted by a Member of the Society who was not a member of the Board of Directors for the period being audited. He/She shall be appointed by the incoming Executive Committee and shall cover the financial operations and transactions for the preceding year. A report reflecting the results of such an audit shall be directed to the Executive Committee by the Member making the audit. The audited financial statement is to be presented at the September meeting of the Society. The annual audit shall include the preparation and the filing of all applicable federal and state tax returns.
Section 4. ASSESSMENTS
The Board of Directors shall have the power to impose, suspend, reduce or increase any assessments, as it deems necessary. No assessments are to be prorated. All assessments are due in full.
ARTICLE IX – MEETINGS
Section 1. MONTHLY MEETINGS
Regular meetings of the Society shall be held monthly except for the months of June, July, August and December. That dates and places will be designated by the Board of Directors prior to each meeting. The Board of Directors, at its discretion, has the power to change the date of any meeting.
Section 2. SPECIAL METINGS
A special meeting of the Society may be called at any time by the Board of Directors which shall direct the Secretary to give notice thereof. The Board of Directors shall call a special meeting of the Society at the time and at the place stated in any written request delivered to the Secretary and signed by ten (10) or more Participating or Associate Members.
Section 3. MEETING NOTICE
The Secretary shall mail a notice of each meeting stating the time and place of such meeting to each member not less than seven days prior to the meeting date, but no failure or defect in notice of such meeting shall invalidate the same or any procedure taken threat.
Section 4. ORDER OF BUSINESS
The order of business at all meetings of the Society, of the Board of Directors, of the Executive Committee, and of all other committees, shall be such as may prescribed by the presiding Officer, and if objection be made thereto, then a majority vote of the meeting.
Robert’s Rule of Order shall govern all meetings of the Society, of the Board of
Directors, of the Executive Committee, and of all other committees, on any point not covered by this Constitution and By-Laws.
Section 5. VOTING
At each meeting of the Society, each Participating or Associate Member present shall be entitled to one vote. All voting for elective positions of the Society shall be by secret ballot except in those instance where there is only one nominee for an elective position.
Oral voting is permissible in all other motions put forth to the Society.
At each meeting of the Society, except for meetings of the Board of Directors and Executive Committee, a quorum shall consist of one fourth of the Participating and Associate Members; but those present at any meetings, although less than a quorum, may adjourn the meeting, without further notice, to any given place and from time to time.
ARTICLE X- VISITORS
Section 1. GUESTS OF MEMBERS
Members may bring guests to meetings of the Society under such rules and regulations as the Board of Directors may from time to time prescribe. The cost of the dinners or luncheons of a member’s guest shall be paid by the member.
Section 2. GUESTS OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS
The Board of Directors may invite to any meeting of the Society a guest speaker or any executive officer or department head of any petroleum company or organization who is genuinely interested in the activities and objectives of the Society. The cost of meals for guests so invited by the Board of Directors shall be borne by the Society. In the event that out-of-town speakers are invited to participate, the Board of Directors may, at its discretion, direct the Treasurer to reimburse such speaker from the funds of the Society, for reasonable and necessary expenses incurred in connection therewith.
Section 3. OTHER GUESTS
Other persons who are interested in attending a general publicized meeting of the Society may do so. The cost of dinner or luncheon shall be borne by the guest.
ARTICLE XI – AMENDMENTS
Section 1. AMENDMENT PROPOSALS
Amendments to the Constitution and the By-Laws of the Society may be proposed by any ten (10) Participating or Associate Members in good standing. Each proposed amendment shall be filed by its proponents with the Secretary, who shall in turn submit such amendment to the Members of the Society not less than thirty (30) days prior to the meeting at which action is to be taken on the proposed amendment.
The Constitution and By-Laws may be amended at any regular monthly meeting, or special meeting called for that purpose, if the proposed amendment receives the approval of two thirds of the Participating and Associate Members present at such meeting.
Any amendment to the Constitution and By-Laws shall immediately become a constituent part of the Constitution and By-Laws of the Society, and the Secretary shall send official notice of this fact to all members.
ARTICLE XII – LIMITATIONS OF LIABILITY AND INDEMNIFICATION
Any person providing services or any act of assistance, without compensation to the Society in the capacity of a Director or Officer, shall not be deemed to have assumed a duty of care where none existed and shall not be liable to the Society or its members, or to any third party, for acts or omissions in good faith.
No member of the Board of Directors or any Officer of the Society shall be liable for actions taken or omissions made in the performance of his or her duties in such capacity, except for wanton, willful or unlawful acts or omissions.
The Society, acting by or through its Board of Directors or Executive Committee upon the vote of a quorum of disinterested Directors, shall have the power and authority to indemnify any Director or Officer of the Society for and against any liability (including reasonable fees, cost and expenses) to a third party incurred as a result of any act of omission of such individual in connection with his or her service in such capacity for and on behalf of the Society, if such act or omission was in good faith, was reasonably believed by the Director or Officer, as the case may be, to be in the best interest of the Society and was not wanton , willful or unlawful or involved in the accrual of an improper personal benefit to the Director or Officer. The Board of Directors shall have the power and authority to purchase and maintain, on behalf of the Society or any person serving in the capacity of a Director or Officer, such policies of insurance insuring against any liability, fee, cost or expense with respect to which the Society may indemnify as permitted as permitted by this Article.
This Article is intended to afford the fullest legal protection rights and power pertaining to the limitation of liability and permissive indemnification of Directors and Officers of nonprofit organizations as shall be permitted by applicable statutes and laws governing the Society.
ARTICLE XIII – DISSOLOUTION
In case of dissolution of the Society and liquidation of its affairs, and money or other assets remaining after payment of all obligations shall be distributed to the COPAS National Office.
ARTICLE XIV – GENERAL PROVISIONS
Section 1. NOTICES
Any notice to Members of the Society or to any Director or Officer, shall be deemed sufficiently given if mailed to the last post office address furnished by him to the Secretary, or if no address has been so furnished, then to his last known post office address. The Secretary may give any notice whatsoever to be given by or on behalf of the Society.
Section 2. ABSENCE OF LEADERHSIP
If, at any meeting of the Society, of the Directors, or the Executive Committee, the President is absent and no one authorized to perform his/her duties is present, then a Chairperson or a Secretary pro tem or both (as a case may require) may be elected by the majority vote of the Members present and voting.
Section 3. SOCIETY STATUS
The society shall at all times remain non-political and non-sectarian. This is a non-profit organization, whereby no financial benefits shall be given to any Member.
Your membership provides educational and networking advantages, along with the opportunity to participate in establishing Accounting guidelines and procedures utilized in the oil & gas industry.
Apply to COPAS
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25409
|
__label__wiki
| 0.955815
| 0.955815
|
Flyers trade Scott Hartnell to Columbus for R.J. Umberger, draft pick
Umberger returns to Philly after six years in Columbus
Flyers trade Scott Hartnell to Columbus for R.J. Umberger, draft pick Umberger returns to Philly after six years in Columbus Check out this story on courierpostonline.com: http://on.cpsj.com/T3kxE4
Flyer Files
Dave Isaac, @davegisaac Published 12:28 p.m. ET June 23, 2014 | Updated 3:08 p.m. ET June 23, 2014
Hartnell was the second-longest tenured Flyer to defenseman Braydon Coburn. (Photo: USA TODAY Images)
R.J. Umberger had a feeling his phone would ring soon.
The 32-year-old forward who was once a big part of the Columbus Blue Jackets saw his minutes dwindle and could see young talent in the rear-view window, ready for more opportunity with the team.
Scott Hartnell, on the other hand, probably wasn't expecting the call, although he had more control in the situation. The All-Star left wing, who had just completed the first of a six-year, $28.5 million extension with the Flyers, also had a no-move clause.
He signed off on the trade that sent him to Columbus in exchange for Umberger and a 2015 fourth-round draft pick.
In seven years with the Flyers, the 32-year-old Hartnell had 157 goals and 326 points in 517 games. He was on the Flyers' top line with Claude Giroux and Jake Voracek for most of last season.
Umberger, a Flyer from 2005 to 2008, probably won't fill that role in his second tour of duty. The versatile forward, who has three years left with a $4.6 million cap hit, thought last year was going great in Columbus until after the Olympics, when his minutes dwindled and his power-play time vanished.
"I never really got a reason why, but I do think I have a lot to give," said Umberger, who had 18 goals in 74 games last season. "I've always kept myself in great shape. I still consider myself pretty young. I can still skate well. My testing times and all my skating tests this year were the fastest in my career. To me, I've still got a lot left in the tank."
The Flyers are banking on that, also. In fact, Umberger's quick feet are what made him so attractive to the Flyers.
"The No. 1 thing was we wanted to get quicker up front," said Ron Hextall after making his first trade as Flyers general manager. "Whenever you make a deal there's a lot of considerations that come into the mix, but I guess the one driving the bus was quickness."
Umberger had 120 goals and 250 points in 445 games with the Blue Jackets in six seasons. He began his career with three years in Philadelphia, where he had 49 goals and 116 points in 228 games.
"R.J. is a versatile guy who can play all positions," coach Craig Berube said in a press release. "He's a good penalty killer who skates well. He's a veteran who has been around a long time and knows how to play the game properly. He'll be used in a lot of different areas. I think, with our team, it is nice to have a real versatile guy like him."
Still, the deal is a head-scratcher because Hartnell and Umberger have almost the same cap hit and Umberger probably won't play on the top line. Although Hextall said Umberger is capable of filling any scoring void Hartnell leaves, the GM isn't sure what his new player's role will be.
"I have no idea," Hextall said. "That's up to the coach. The good thing about R.J. is that he can play up there. He can play on your checking line. He can play both wings. He can play the middle, but we view him as more of a winger. He can play up and down your lineup on both sides. That's part of the reason he was attractive to us."
Hextall has about $4.36 million to play with and a couple holes to fill. He has said that re-signing Brayden Schenn is his top priority and also needs to find a backup goaltender, which might mean re-signing Ray Emery.
The week of the draft always tends to be one in which there a higher volume of trades. Perhaps Hextall makes another this week and the logic to this one becomes clearer. For now, it just looks like yet another former Flyer has come home.
"It's a new start to my career," Umberger said. "I'm very anxious. I'm comfortable. I know a couple of the guys that played here in Columbus. That's exciting. I'm looking forward to it.
"Honestly, this is a team that is just waiting to win another Stanley Cup and I want to be a part of that."
Reach Dave Isaac at disaac@courierpostonline.com. Follow him on Twitter @davegisaac.
Read or Share this story: http://on.cpsj.com/T3kxE4
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25414
|
__label__wiki
| 0.571322
| 0.571322
|
Grants Funded
Grants Process
Home > Oversight Committee > David Cummings
Oversight Committee Meetings Subcommittees Code of Conduct Bylaws
David A. Cummings, M.D.
Appointed By:
August 27, 2018 - January 31, 2023
Subcommittee Membership:
Audit, Prevention
David A. Cummings, M.D. is a practicing medical oncologist in San Angelo, TX. He is the co-medical director of the Shannon Oncology Center at Shannon Health Systems of San Angelo. He is Board Certified in Medical Oncology by the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM). He is a member of the Texas Medical Association and past president of the Concho Valley County Medical Society. Dr. Cummings is a member of the American Society of Clinical Oncologist (ASCO) and the American Society of Hematology (ASH). His community involvements include appointment to the City of San Angelo Development Corporation (COSADC), the immediate past president of the board of the San Angelo Symphony and past president of the Texas Southwest Council of the Boy Scouts of America. Dr. Cummings received his bachelor’s degree from Baylor University, medical degree from Texas Tech University Health Science Center School of Medicine, and completed residency and fellowship training at Scott & White/Texas A&M Health Sciences Center.
Upcoming Meeting
CPRIT will host its next Oversight Committee Meeting on August 21, 2019 at 10:00AM at the Texas State Capitol Extension. The public is invited!
Texas Cancer Plan
CEO Cancer Gold Standard
NCI Approved Funder
Search Texas Sites
Texas Online
1701 North Congress Avenue, Suite 6-127
cprit@cprit.texas.gov
© Copyright 2019 Cancer Prevention & Research Institute of Texas
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25415
|
__label__wiki
| 0.65737
| 0.65737
|
Zombie apocalypse preparedness
Updated 2:26 PM ET, Thu February 23, 2012
Do you have a plan for when zombies attack?
Editor's note: Aaron Sagers is a New York-based entertainment writer and nationally syndicated pop-culture columnist. He has specialty knowledge in "paranormal pop culture," has lectured at conventions across the country on the topic and is a media pundit on supernatural entertainment. He covers pop culture daily at ParanormalPopCulture.com and can be found on Twitter @aaronsagers.
Look at you, all plump and fleshy, with a quickening pulse and body jam-packed with sweet meats. That brain of yours, with the scrumptious gray matter and thinking cap makes certain re-animated corpses crave a dining bib.
So what are you to do when the formerly living awaken with a hunger for a little human takeout? Are you ready for the zombie apocalypse?
Probably not. If you have to ask yourself that question, or took a moment before answering, then definitely not. In the time it took you to hesitate, even the slowest zombie could pull a dine and dash – or shamble – on you.
On the upside, you’re in luck since most people haven’t made the adequate preparations for Z-day.
Here’s the deal: A zombie can be a member of the walking dead or a barely living victim from a curse, virus, etc., and alternately run or shamble. They can be the creation of stupid humans, angry gods, black magic, mad science, cosmic events or – as is most often the case – comic book/sci-fi/horror nerds. But whatever their origin, they are a problem that must be dealt with.
But not even the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention thinks the masses are ready for the onslaught of the undead.
“There are insufficient people prepared for emergencies in the United States,” said Rear Adm. Ali S. Khan of the CDC.
A multi-credentialed doctor, assistant surgeon general and director of the CDC’s Office of Public Health Preparedness and Response, Khan was behind the zombie preparedness guide the organization published online May 2011.
Inspired by zombie-related social media buzz after the Fukushima Daichii nuclear disaster in Japan last March, and released days before Harold Camping’s predicted rapture, the preparedness guide is a tongue-in-cheek plan. Its message boils down to the idea that if you’re ready for a zombie apocalypse, you’re ready for any more likely crisis or disaster. The CDC website received 2 million page views the first week as a result, and the guide went viral.
The CDC has also recently partnered with AMC’s zombie drama “The Walking Dead” – based on Robert Kirkman’s comic book series – to utilize clips from the TV show and add helpful tips such as, “Clean water is zombie-free water.”
Apparently, according to TV Land, another tip to survive the zombie apocalypse is to not work at the CDC, which may have been the last hope for humanity in “The Walking Dead,” and went kablooey in a giant explosion at the end of Season One.
Khan reminded us, however, that the real deal is “alive and well” and that even in any scenario where the CDC would be blown up, they would have “contingency plans” to make sure they’re still addressing public health – which might be a subtle way of suggesting the government agency has a way cooler underground bunker than we originally thought.
Still, being prepared for a zombie uprising isn’t the same as surviving, and thriving, in one.
Author Max Brooks is the father of zombie survival after he literally wrote the book on it in 2003. Set against recorded attacks throughout history, “The Zombie Survival Guide” gives practical tips on defensive and offensive strategies against the ghouls whether you’re at home, in a public space, on the move or living in an overrun world.
Brooks goes a step further than the CDC (which he toured in October) and gives an extensive breakdown of weapons and combat techniques for life among the dead, but he still equates a zombie apocalypse to a natural disaster or -- more likely, he said -- a viral outbreak.
“People prepare for the obvious threat,” he said. “It’s the ones they underestimate that kill them.”
Also the author of “World War Z” -- the book about a global undead pandemic which will be released as a film starring Brad Pitt in December -- Brooks gives zombie self-defense lectures that he said remain packed with a diverse crowd of teenagers, middle-aged housewives and other hopeful survivors.
As an esteemed member of the advisory board of the Zombie Research Society, (alongside director George A. Romero) Scott Kenemore (author of “The Art of Zombie Warfare”), describes members of the zombie survivalist subculture as "super Boy Scouts" who will be armed head-to-toe and skilled at hunting, fishing and camping.
“Zombie enthusiasts have been preparing woodland hideouts, remote bunkers and treetop deer stands where they can use their skills to live zombie-free well into the apocalypse,” he said. “Accordingly, the zombie apocalypse nerd is likely to be wearing a combination of protective gear to shield against zombie bites, and half the winter section of an REI to facilitate their outdoor survival plans.”
If you haven’t been training since 1968 when “Night of The Living Dead” debuted, or since 2003 when Brooks released his book, there’s no need to panic – even if your name is Barbra and they are indeed coming to get you.
For about $100 and a plane ticket to England, you can attend Wish.co.uk’s Zombie Boot Camp in Droitwich, Worchestershire, for training with military instructors. Utilizing body armor and weaponry, you learn battle tactics and unarmed combat and sniper skills as you train for an attack on a zombie den. Tea, coffee and light snacks are available for nonzombies to eat during training.
A little closer to home for American survivors-to-be is the Run For Your Lives “zombie infested 5k obstacle course race,” which advertised on “The Walking Dead” midseason premiere February 12. After launching in Baltimore last October, RFYL is hosting races across the country, with the first of 2012 taking place on March 3 in Atlanta.
The American Red Cross and CDC will be present at the race, as will IronE [sic] Singleton (“T-Dog”) from “The Walking Dead.” And Dr. Khan from the CDC will also be running. He said he plans to stay with a large group of buffers.
But really, to survive zombies is to understand zombies. Education is key, and learning the difference between an enchanted Voodoo zombie and flesh-eating monster could be tough for newbies not already prepped.
Luckily there are resources such as Ross Payton’s “Zombies of the World: A Field Guide to the Undead,” which gives a handy visual reference to everything from the Common Gray Shambler to the Nordic Draugr and Chinese Hopping Corpse. He also provides a helpful guide of types of humans not to trust when the dead begin to roam. For the more scientific minded, Harvard psychiatrist Steven C. Schlozman, M.D. has documented the biology of zombies in “The Zombie Autopsies.”
So at the end of the day, or at the end of human existence as we know it, if you’re unprepared for the zombie apocalypse, it’s your own fleshy fault. There are resources to build muscles and train your tasty brain for when corpses come back to life.
© 2019 Cable News Network, Inc. A Time Warner Company. All Rights Reserved.
CNN Sans ™ & © 2016 Cable News Network.
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25417
|
__label__wiki
| 0.972897
| 0.972897
|
Buerkle and Wetmore earn initial honors
More news about: St. Mary-s (Minn.) | Western New England | Western New England
Senior outfielder Ben Buerkle, St. Mary's (Minn.)
Sophomore righthander Paul Wetmore, Western New England
St. Mary’s University of Minnesota’s Ben Buerkle and Western New England’s Paul Wetmore were tabbed the National Collegiate Baseball Writers’ Association Division III Hitter and Pitcher of the Week for the period of Feb. 27-March 5.
D3baseball.com Team of the Week
Buerkle, a senior outfielder from Roseville, Minn., hit .704 (19-for-27) in eight games (5-3) last week, which included his 200th career hit, with 12 runs scored, six RBI, five doubles, two home runs and four stolen bases. His on-base percentage was .778 and he slugged at a 1.111 clip. Altogether, the Minnesota Intercollegiate Athletic Conference’s Hitter of the Week hit safely in all 10 of Saint Mary’s spring trip games and currently leads the MIAC in basically every offensive category – batting average (.694), hits (25), runs (16), RBI (11), home runs (four), doubles (five), walks (seven), total bases (44), stolen bases (four), on-base percentage (.756) and slugging (1.222).
Wetmore, a sophomore righthander from Hamden, Conn., made the most of his first career start for the Golden Bears on March 5, tossing a no-hitter to earn WNE a doubleheader split with SUNY Old Westbury. The Commonwealth Coast Conference Pitcher of the Week struck out six and walked four in his seven-inning, complete game performance and became the just the third individual in the program over the past 13 seasons to record a no-no.
Honorable Mention Hitter: Garrett Shea, fr., infielder, Illinois Wesleyan - Helped lead the Titans to a 4-0 record as he batted .526 (10-for-19) with five runs, two doubles, three home runs, 12 RBI and a 1.105 slugging percentage. He finished 2-for-4 with one run and one RBI in a 7-6 win over Loras in the season opener on March 4. Later in the day, he was 1-for-6 with an RBI in a 6-5 win over Grinnell. The next day, during a 12-9 win over Lawrence, Shea hit 3-for-5 with a run, four RBI, one double and a two-run home run. He finished the day with a 4-for-4 performance with three runs, one double, two home runs (one grand slam and one three-run homer) and six RBI in a 16-6 win over Chicago. The six RBI tied for the third most in a single game in Illinois Wesleyan history.
Honorable Mention Pitchers: Tommy Parsons, jr., RHP, Adrian - On the week went 1-1 while compiling a 1.80 earned-run average and 18 strikeouts in 15 innings of work. He did not issue a single walk. His highlight game was a two-hit shutout over Transylvania, 3-0, in which he struck out a MIAA season- and career-high 15 batters. That number represents the second-best mark in NCAA Division III this season and ranks among the top-five single-game performances in Adrian history.
Christopher Arcos, so., LHP, La Verne - Fired a seven-inning no-hitter as the La Verne baseball team routed Claremont-Mudd-Scripps for a 10-0 win in the second game of a doubleheader at Ben Hines Field March 4. The Chino Hills native struck out five batters and was perfect in the last five innings of the game after issuing two walks in the first two innings. He was economical with his pitches, too, throwing only 88.
Founded in 1962, the NCBWA is dedicated to the advancement of college baseball. Membership is open to writers, broadcasters and publicists of the sport. Members receive a membership card, directory, newsletter updates and official votes in the Dick Howser Player of the Year Award, Regional Player of the Year and NCBWA All-America voting. The NCBWA also sponsors preseason All-America awards, publication and writing contests.
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25419
|
__label__wiki
| 0.98202
| 0.98202
|
Don't look now: Website for 'beautiful people' hit by virus that allowed ugly applicants to sign up
By Daily Mail Reporters
Updated: 15:45 EDT, 20 June 2011
A social networking site for 'beautiful' people has been hit by a Shrek virus which allowed tens of thousands of ugly applicants to sign up.
Members of BeautifulPeople.com must pass a strict rating stage where existing users vote on whether someone is attractive enough to be accepted into the online community.
But this screening process was brought down last month, allowing anyone to join, regardless of their looks.
Virus: beautifulpeople.com was designed just for the most attractive daters, but a cyber-attack meant tens of thousands of ugly people were able to sign-up
Owners today apologised to more than 30,000 unfortunate people who were wrongly admitted to the site and subsequently banished.
'We got suspicious when tens of thousands of new members were accepted over a six-week period, many of whom were no oil painting,' managing director Greg Hodge said.
Face ache: The virus was named after the famously ugly character Shrek
'We responded immediately, repairing the damage from the Shrek virus and putting every new member back into the rating module for a legitimate and democratic vote. The result is that we have lost over 30,000 recent members.
'We have sincere regret for the unfortunate people who were wrongly admitted to the site and who believed, albeit for a short while, that they were beautiful.'
Dotcom set to become .history as regulators vote to allow huge expansion of domain names
It must be a bitter pill to swallow, but better to have had a slice of heaven then never to have tasted it at all.
The ugly need not apply: BeautifulPeople.com has a strict vetting process
The origin of the Shrek virus is still being investigated internally but it is believed a former employee may have been responsible.
A spokesman said the sabotage was initially believed to have been caused by one of the 5.5million people rejected from the site.
Safeguards are now in place to prevent any further infiltrators who do not come up to the expected standards, the site said.
It insisted member privacy and security was never breached and has set up a hotline to help recently rejected applicants come to terms with the news.
BeautifulPeople.com has more than 700,000 members worldwide. On average one in seven applicants is accepted.
The majority of successful new members come from the USA, Denmark and France, it claims
The UK is among the countries with the highest rate of rejections, alongside Russia and Poland.
'Beautiful people' website hit by Shrek virus that allowed ugly applicants to sign up
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25420
|
__label__wiki
| 0.812837
| 0.812837
|
LawNews
EXCLUSIVE: Citizenship Question Used on Census for 175 Years, GOP Report Shows
Rachel del Guidice / @LRacheldG / April 11, 2019 / Leave a comment
“From 1970 to 2000, the long-form census—sent to a segment of the population—inquired about citizenship,” according to the report. (Photo: liveslow/Getty Images)
A new report from House Republicans shows a citizenship question appeared on the U.S. census in one form or another for nearly 175 years, and argues that its addition to the 2020 census should not be controversial despite Democrats’ objections.
“Every decennial census from 1820 to 1950 inquired about citizenship,” the minority staff report released Thursday by the House Committee on Oversight and Reform says, adding:
From 1970 to 2000, the long-form census—sent to a segment of the population—inquired about citizenship. Since 2005, the Census Bureau has asked 3.5 million Americans about their citizenship every year.
Those census appearances cover almost 175 of the 229 years since the first U.S. census in 1790.
“This report analyzes the history of the citizenship question and demonstrates that Democrats’ efforts to sow fear and controversy around its reinstatement are without any merit beyond scoring political points,” the minority committee staff says in a press release.
Rep. Jim Jordan, R-Ohio, ranking member on the committee, authorized release of the nine-page report and appendix.
Mike Gonzalez, a senior fellow at The Heritage Foundation’s Allison Center for Foreign Policy, said 1950 was the last time the government asked the citizenship question on the “short form” census that goes to all American households.
After 1950, the citizenship question “migrated to the long form that went to a select group of households,” Gonzalez said.
“When the long form was replaced by the American Community Survey—which is sent every year to about 3.5 million households across the country—in 2006, the question then migrated to the ACS,” Gonzalez added.
The long-form questionnaire “provides socio-economic detail needed for a wide range of government programs and federal requirements,” according to Census.gov.
The Supreme Court will hear arguments this month on including the citizenship question in the 2020 census, bypassing an appeals court hearing, with a ruling expected in June, The Daily Signal previously reported.
Congressional Democrats have fought Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross on his decision to restore the citizenship question to the census.
“Everything about adding the question doesn’t pass the smell test,” Rep. Jimmy Gomez, D-Calif., told NBC News. “I want to really get to the bottom of that.”
Some, including Rep. Elijah Cummings, D-Md., chairman of the Oversight and Reform Committee, have called the citizenship question unconstitutional.
“The key question we will ask Secretary Ross today is, what was he hiding from the Congress?” Cummings said March 14 during a committee hearing on the citizenship question. “What’s the real reason that the Trump administration wanted to add this unconstitutional citizenship question?”
>>> Related: Supreme Court Expedites Citizenship Question in Census Case
The report from the committee’s Republican staff is titled “Democrat Fear-Mongering on the Citizenship Question: Gathering Census Information About Citizenship Is Not New and Should Not Be Controversial.”
The report notes that Rep. Michael Cloud, R-Texas, addressed the constitutionality question with Ross during the March hearing.
“There’s been an argument that this question is unconstitutional, yet we’ve used it several times over the last 100 years and it’s not been brought into question before,” Cloud said. “Is that correct?”
Ross responded: “Oh, it’s been used multiple times over the last 120 years, and the exact wording of this [question] is what’s been used each year on the ACS.”
The report from committee staff “demonstrates that we’ve had a long history of asking a citizenship question on the census and the claim that it is somehow unprecedented or unconstitutional has no basis in fact or law,” Hans von Spakovsky, a senior legal fellow at The Heritage Foundation’s Meese Center for Legal and Judicial Studies, told The Daily Signal in an email.
The report lists myriad ways that state and federal institutions use citizenship questions to gather information, among them:
U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services requires each prospective employee in the United States to submit an Employment Eligibility Verification Form (I-9 form), which asks about the person’s citizenship status.
The District of Columbia solicits citizenship status for individuals applying for a driver’s license.
Wisconsin requests citizenship status for those applying for a driver’s license.
California asks about an individual’s citizenship when he or she applies to obtain a firearm.
Ohio requires an applicant for a concealed carry license to state his or her citizenship.
The report also notes that federal law permits the commerce secretary to choose questions for the decennial census, as long as the secretary “meets certain statutory deadlines.”
A question about citizenship on the census shouldn’t be remotely controversial, Gonzalez told The Daily Signal in an email.
“The basic unit of a democracy is the citizen,” Gonzalez said, adding:
A republic should not take account of any other category, whether racial, ethnic, or sexual, when it considers rights and responsibilities. Citizenship bestows rights and responsibilities, and citizens vote in governments. Why anyone would want to ask questions on race and ethnicity in the census, but fear questions on citizenship, is beyond belief.
>>> Commentary: Trump Must Go to the Mat Over Liberal Judge’s Ruling on Census Question
@LRacheldG
Rachel del Guidice
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25421
|
__label__cc
| 0.579895
| 0.420105
|
Changes to Golf Croquet Ranking System
[<<] [>>] by Stephen Mulliner
Two changes have been made to the Golf Croquet International Grading System, which are reflected in the 12 March 2008 ranking lists:
Grades and indices are now based on the same scale as the Association Croquet rankings. An old grade/index of N will now be expressed as N x 10 + 1000. Hence, grades of 80, 100 and 150 will now be 1,800, 2,000 and 2,500 respectively.
Appearance in the International and UK ranking lists now requires 10 games played in the last 24 months.
Discussions were held at Cape Town about the possible inclusion of Egyptian domestic data in the International Rankings. If this becomes reality, consideration will be given to adopting a variable alpha as currently used in the Association Croquet rankings.
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25426
|
__label__cc
| 0.589035
| 0.410965
|
Home Daily News COS CEO: Aram Benyamin, Colorado Springs Utilities
COS CEO: Aram Benyamin, Colorado Springs Utilities
Helen Robinson
Colorado Springs Utilities CEO Aram Benyamin has always been a man on a mission — with big goals and in a hurry to reach them.
When he arrived in the United States from Lebanon as a 19-year-old in 1977, he’d left a civil war that had been raging for more than two years. Within a month of landing in Los Angeles, he was accepted into the engineering program at California State University, where he sped through the degree.
Benyamin had a job offer in hand from the city of Los Angeles months before his graduation, and the recruiter encouraged him to take a week off after his finals.
“I said, ‘This is not the time for me to take off. I want to start work,’” he recalled. “So I had a weekend between my final exam and my Monday report.
“Coming as an immigrant, going through engineering school in less than three and a half years, I’d been doing nothing but running to get the degree and looking forward for a job. Jumping from the last day in school to a career, it was a scary moment. I had no clue what I was getting into my first day — but it’s been nothing but blessings from Day 1.
“I think it was the mindset that I had. … You have to fight, in a good way. You have to fight and not let things stop you from going forward — whether it’s the language barrier, or it’s a culture barrier, or new country, new setting, new vision of what to do or what not to do, trying to go through doors, tribulations as you adjust your personality.
“I was 22 years old when I first got into the job market; I was a young engineer, the world was unlimited potential. It was scary to get in and get all these realities surrounding you — [being told] what you cannot do. And I wasn’t going to sit down and take that.”
Over the following decades, Benyamin worked his way up to become senior assistant general manager at the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, the nation’s largest municipal utility. He also earned an MBA from University of La Verne and a master’s in public administration from California State University, Northridge.
Benyamin joined CSU in 2015 and was appointed CEO in September 2018 — and he’s still in a hurry to do the things people tell him can’t be done.
Where did your drive come from?
It’s a combination of many things. It’s the upbringing; I had no desire to waste a minute. I was just ready to go to school and finish — very, very focused on studies. I practically lived on campus because I was taking 16, 17, 18 units every quarter. I had no choice at that time, because of all these things — coming from Lebanon with the civil war and all the things that were going on there. Part of it was fear, part of it was fear of failure, part of it was upbringing, part of it was motivation. It was many, many of these things.
What’s your proudest achievement?
When I look back at my career, I see some of the major policy implementation [in Los Angeles] that was extremely painful and very hard to do — but from a rallying of stakeholders and bringing people together, I see that as a very proud moment. When people tell me that something cannot be done, that’s a huge sign for me to get those things done and be proud of it. This was one of those moments. People told me, ‘You can’t get L.A. off coal or [carbon fuel] or the fossil fuel economy that fast.’ And I said, ‘We can do it; we will do it, and we will put a plan together to do it.’ Before I left L.A., the entire plan was put in place. It’s been almost four years now since I’ve left and I look back and the policies and the plans that I put together are still rolling forward, they’re being implemented.
What was a pivotal moment in your career?
The realization of how much you don’t know. When I graduated from engineering school I thought the world revolved around technical know-how and skills. Very quickly I found out that that itself is a very, very limited skill set. You could be very good technically, but the entire world around what happens in organizations is the politics and the policy and the execution — everything that I had no clue that I should be either aware of or trained in. That was a realization that hit me pretty hard, because I thought ‘I’ve arrived’ when I became an engineer and I was very good at the technical side. I found out that I [was] not even close to the beginning of the line.
How would you describe your leadership style?
I’m very aware of the front-line employees. I’ve been a field engineer for many decades and I understand the effort and the focus and the struggles that the front-line employees go through. … The other thing I always tell the employees is we are a publicly-owned utility, so the people of the city own us. I think the humility and the honor that somebody has as a public servant is such a huge responsibility that I don’t take it lightly. … It anchors you to something that is very important. You are the holder of the trust of the entire city.
Tell us about the best advice you’ve received.
I had a boss, David Freeman, who is extremely resilient. So one day I asked him: ‘What’s the secret of life that you can give me?’ He said, ‘I look at life as: Today is the beginning of the rest of my life. I don’t hold grudges, I don’t look back. I don’t look at negative stuff that will bring me down. Get over what has happened in the past. Learn from it, but look at life as the beginning of the rest of your life, and live it the way you want to live it.’ And I always thought about that for many years and it’s probably the best advice that I could give anybody. … We’re all full of faults, all of us. Don’t dwell on setbacks that long. Dwell enough to learn but don’t let it bring you down. Pick yourself up and move forward — the rest of your life is a blank sheet of paper.
Join the Colorado Springs Business Journal, iHeartRadio, UCCS and Amnet for the 2019 COS CEO Leadership Lessons with Aram Benyamin, 4:30-6:30 p.m., July 11, at The Warehouse, 25 W. Cimarron St. A portion of the proceeds go to the 2019 Give! Campaign. Sponsors also include the Colorado Springs Chamber of Commerce and EDC and Stockman Kast Ryan + Co.
Aram Benyamin
Colorado Springs Utilities
COS CEO 2019
Previous articleFrost Ranch cultivates awareness in its ethical approach
Next articleList of Lists: Department of Defense Contractors
Helen Robinson is a graduate of The University of Queensland, Australia. She worked in print media in Australia, Canada and the United States before joining the Colorado Springs Business Journal in 2016. She became digital editor in 2017 and associate editor in 2019. Her beats include cybersecurity and aerospace and defense.
Polis and local officials: Build more roads for military bases
Children’s Hospital celebrates with ribbon cutting
Military leaders involved in county master plan process
Colorado Springs named 14th-best “big city”
Construction starts on Bancroft Park improvements
BLM will move some functions to Grand Junction
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25427
|
__label__cc
| 0.546094
| 0.453906
|
Meet Our Principle Officer Bob Kelley
How Did Bob Get Involved with Home Inspections?
The principle officer, Bob Kelley, of Dixie Home Inspections has a long history of background and experience in the construction and inspection industry. After graduating from the University of Central Florida in Orlando, he initially worked for his father in the general construction trade. Working with a general contractor, he was involved in working with various subcontractors such as electrical, mechanical (air conditioning), plumbers, roofers, framers, drywall, flooring and carpet layers, tile setters, and painters. Eventually, he ended up going to work for one of the mechanical contractors in the air conditioning (A/C) trade.
The Start of Florida Mechanical & Air Conditioning, Inc.
After a few years working in and learning the mechanical trade, he took and passed the Florida state certification exam to get his own state mechanical contractors’ license. In 1983, he set up his own mechanical contracting business as Florida Mechanical & Air Conditioning, Inc. in Orlando. As the mechanical business grew and as time passed, he saw the importance of having other licenses to supplement his A/C license and he took and passed state certification exams for being a state certified building contractor as well as being a state certified plumbing contractor. Both of these additional licenses helped with the growing of Florida Mechanical & A/C as a business.
During these years, Bob was able to gain hands on field experience not only in the air conditioning and heating trade but also in the important trades of general construction, electrical, plumbing, and roofing. Every project he was involved in was a learning opportunity not only for how things are constructed and work together, but he also obtained the skill of managing and inspecting other trades as the work progressed.
As the prime contractor on the vast majority of the projects he undertook, he was responsible not only for performing, inspecting, and completing his own A/C work, but he also had to oversee and inspect the work of all of his subcontractors. It was his responsibility to ensure as the project moved along that things were completed on time and in an orderly fashion. Most of his contracts were with the Federal Government performing work for the Air Force at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station and for NASA at the Kennedy Space Center. At these government facilities, he honed his construction and inspection skills under their demanding standards of excellence and optimum performance.
The Strong Work Ethic Bob Brings to Dixie Home Inspections
When every project reached its end, it was Bob’s responsibility to see to it that everything was in place and fully functional so the project could be turned over to the owner as a completed job. Latent defects were not an acceptable outcome as that required more time to go back and correct problems. His philosophy was to do things right the first time so they don’t have to be addressed a second time.
This work ethic has rolled over into our Dixie Home Inspection business. With our inspections, you’ll receive the same attention to details and reporting skills we developed along our journey to excel at what we do.
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25433
|
__label__cc
| 0.508323
| 0.491677
|
The American Marketing Association defines marketing as "the process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion, and distribution of ideas, goods, and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organizational objectives." Marketers use an assortment of strategies to guide how, when, and where product information is presented to consumers. Their goal is to persuade consumers to buy a particular brand or product.
Successful marketing strategies create a desire for a product. A marketer, therefore, needs to understand consumer likes and dislikes. In addition, marketers must know what information will convince consumers to buy their product, and whom consumers perceive as a credible source of information. Some marketing strategies use fictional characters, celebrities, or experts (such as doctors) to sell products, while other strategies use specific statements or "health claims" that state the benefits of using a particular product or eating a particular food.
Impact and Influence
Marketing strategies directly impact food purchasing and eating habits. For example, in the late 1970s scientists announced a possible link between eating a high-fiber diet and a reduced risk of cancer. However, consumers did not immediately increase their consumption of high-fiber cereals. But in 1984 advertisements claiming a relationship between high-fiber diets and protection against cancer appeared, and by 1987 approximately 2 million households had begun eating high-fiber cereal. Since then, other health claims, supported by scientific studies, have influenced consumers to decrease consumption of foods high in saturated fat and to increase consumption of fruits, vegetables, skim milk, poultry, and fish.
Of course, not all marketing campaigns are based on scientific studies, and not all health claims are truthful. In July 2000 a panel of experts from the U.S. Department of Agriculture supported complaints made by the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine that the "Got Milk" advertisements contained untruthful health claims that suggested that milk consumption improved sports performance, since these claims lacked scientific Companies often use characters to appeal to young consumers. Ronald McDonald first appeared on T.V. in 1963, portrayed by Willard Scott. The clown is known worldwide, and according to McDonald's, is the most recognizable figure next to Santa Claus. [Photograph by Tim Clary. AP/Wide World Photos. Reproduced by permission.]
support. In addition, the panel agreed with the physicians' claim that whole milk consumption may actually increase the risk of heart disease and prostate cancer, and recommended that this information be included in advertisements.
The tremendous spending power and influence of children on parental purchases has attracted marketers, and, as a result, marketing strategies aimed at children and adolescents have increased. Currently, about one-fourth of all television commercials are related to food, and approximately one-half of these are selling snacks and other foods low in nutritional value. Many of the commercials aimed at children and adolescents use catchy music, jingles, humor, and well-known characters to promote products. The impact of these strategies is illustrated by studies showing that when a majority of television commercials that children view are for high-sugar foods, they are more likely to choose unhealthful foods over nutritious alternatives, and vice versa.
Inappropriate Advertisements
Attempts to sell large quantities of products sometimes cause advertisers to make claims that are not entirely factual. For instance, an advertisement for a particular brand of bread claimed the bread had fewer calories per slice than its competitors. What the advertisement did not say was that the bread was sliced much thinner than other brands.
Deceptive advertising has also been employed to persuade women to change their infant feeding practices. Advertisers commonly urge mothers to use infant formula to supplement breast milk. Marketing strategies include One strategy used by advertisers is to feature a celebrity in their advertisements or on their packaging. The implicit message is that the celebrity endorses the product, uses the product, and may even depend on the product for success. [AP/Wide World Photos. Reproduced by permission.]
giving women trial packs or coupons for several months of free formula. Often, women are not aware that supplementing breast milk with formula will reduce or stop their milk supply. When the samples and coupons are no longer available, women may try to "stretch" the formula by mixing it with water, unaware that diluting the formula places their infant at risk for malnutrition. Many groups have objected to the use of marketing strategies that include free formula and coupons, and infant-formula manufacturing companies have been forced to modify their marketing practices.
Other marketing strategies involve labeling foods as "light," meaning that one serving contains about 50 percent less fat than the original version (or one-third fewer calories). For example, a serving of light ice cream contains 50 percent less fat than a serving of regular ice cream. As a result, consumers mistakenly believe that eating light food means eating healthful food. However, they fail to realize that a serving of the light version of a food such as ice cream can still contain more fat and sugar than is desirable.
Food labels with conflicting information often confront consumers. For example, labels claiming "no fat" do not necessarily mean zero grams of fat. Food labeling standards define low-fat foods as those containing less than 0.5 gram of fat per serving. Therefore, consuming several servings may mean consuming one or two grams of fat, and people are often unaware of what amount of a food constitutes a "serving." In addition, foods low in fat may be high in sugar, adding additional calories to one's daily caloric intake. Too often, consumers mistakenly translate a claim of "no fat" into one of "no calories."
Other examples of conflicting claims include labels advertising foods as "high in fiber," without specifically indicating the presence of high levels of salt, sugar, or other nutrients. Also, labels advertising dairy products as high in calcium, and thus offering protection from osteoporosis, are often missing information relating to the high fat content and its possible contribution to the risk of heart disease.
Consumers are also misled by food comparisons. For example, one fruit drink may be advertised as containing more vitamin C than another, when in reality neither of the drinks are a good source of the vitamin. In addition, labels on some fruit drinks claim that the product "contains real fruit juice" when, in reality, the fine print reveals that one serving contains "less than 10% fruit juice."
Recommendations for Responsible Food Marketing
Consumers rely on product advertisements and food labels for nutritional education. The American Association of Advertising Agencies states that responsible food marketing strategies should: (1) avoid vague, false, misleading, or exaggerated statements; (2) avoid incomplete or distorted interpretations of claims made by professional or scientific authorities; and (3) avoid unfair product comparisons. Advertisers must also consider the long-term consequences or potential for harm stemming from their claims. While these recommendations are important in developed countries, they become even more critical in international marketing campaigns.
It is also important for consumers to recognize their role in evaluating health claims and product comparisons. While advertisers are aware of the need for truth in advertising, sometimes their desire to sell products over-shadows an accurate disclosure of product attributes. Advertisers should bear in mind that inaccurate or vague health claims have the potential to cause economic hardship, illness, and even death. Lastly, marketing strategies used in developing nations should be subjected to the highest standards of truth in advertising.
Virginia Jones Noland
Belch, George E., and Belch, Michael A. (1995). Introduction to Advertising and Promotion: An Integrated Marketing Communications Perspective. Boston: Irwin.
Boyle, Marie A., and Morris, Diane H. (1994). Community Nutrition in Action. St. Paul, MN: West Publishing.
Chetley, Andrew (1986). The Politics of Baby Foods: Successful Challenges to an International Marketing Strategy. New York: St. Martin's.
Connor, John M., et al. (1985). The Food Manufacturing Industries: Structure, Strategies, Performance, and Policies. Lexington, KY: D.C. Heath.
Elder, John P. (2001). Behavior Change and Public Health in the Developing World. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
EPM Communications (1998). "TV Is the Most-Often-Used Source of Health Information." Research Alert 16:7.
Goldberg, Jeanne P., and Hellwig, Jennifer P. (1997). "Nutrition Scientists in the Media: The Challenge Facing Scientists." Journal of the American College of Nutrition 16:544–550.
Jeffrey, D. B.; McLellarn, R. W.; and Fox, D. T. (1982). "The Development of Children's Eating Habits: The Role of Television Commercials." Health Education Quarterly 9:174–189.
Mathios, Alan D., and Ippolito, Pauline M. (1998). "Food Companies Spread Nutrition Information through Advertising and Labels." Food Review 21(2):38–44.
Nestle, Marion. (2000). "Soft Drink 'Pouring Rights': Marketing Empty Calories to Children." Public Health Reports 115:308–319.
Sutton, Sharon M.; Balch, George I.; and Lefebvre, Craig (1995). "Strategic Questions for Consumer-Based Health Communications." Public Health Reports 110:725–733.
Taras, H. L., et al. (1998). "Television's Influence on Children's Diet and Physical Activity." Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics 10:176–180.
Taylor, Anna (1998). "Violations of the International Code of Marketing Breast Milk Substitutes: Prevalence in Four Countries." British Medical Journal 316:1117–1122.
Baker, Linda (2000). "Breast-Feeding vs. Formula Feeding: Message in a Bottle." Available from <http://www.zipmall.com/bab-bott.html>
Center for a New American Dream. "Just the Facts About Advertising and Marketing to Children." Available from <http://www.newdream.org/campaign/kids/facts.html>
Infant Feeding Action Coalition (INFACT) Canada (2002). "Infant Foods and Health Claims." Available from <http://www.infactcanada.ca/claimsfall1998.htm>
Medical College of Wisconsin. "Health Claims on Food Labels: What Do They Really Mean?" Available from <http://healthlink.mcw.edu/article/974663611.html>
Optimal Wellness Center (2002). "USDA Confirms Milk Ads Make False Health Claims." Available from <http://www.mercola.com/2001/oct/3/milk_ads.htm>
Alternative Medicines and Therapies
Alternatives to conventional medical care are increasingly popular in the United States, and their growing use by consumers represents a major trend in Western medicine. Alternative therapies appear to be used most frequently for medical conditions that are , such as back pain, , sleep disorders, headache, and digestive problems. Surveys of U.S. consumers have shown that more people visit alternative practitioners each year than visit conventional primary-care physicians. Consumers do not necessarily reject conventional medicine, however. Many simply feel that alternative modalities offer complementary approaches that are more in line with their personal health philosophies.
Diet.com Premium
Take a sneak peek at Diet.com's Premium Benefits!
Liquid Diets
3-Day Diet
Glycemic index diets
Pacific Islanders, Diet of
1200 Calorie Plan
1200 Calorie Gluten Free Plan
1500 Calorie Vegetarian Plan
1500 Calorie Low Carb Plan
See All Meal Plans
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25436
|
__label__wiki
| 0.851432
| 0.851432
|
Funeral Announcement For USS Oklahoma Sailor Killed During World War II (Kvidera, W.)
Release No: 18-185 Oct. 31, 2018
William Kvidera
WASHINGTON — The Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency (DPAA) announced today that the remains of a U.S. serviceman, accounted-for from World War II are being returned to his family for burial with full military honors.
Navy Carpenter’s Mate 3rd Class William L. Kvidera, 22, of Traer, Iowa, accounted for on July 3, 2018, will be buried November 16 in Traer, Iowa. On Dec. 7, 1941, Kvidera was assigned to the battleship USS Oklahoma, which was moored at Ford Island, Pearl Harbor, when the ship was attacked by Japanese aircraft. The USS Oklahoma sustained multiple torpedo hits, which caused it to quickly capsize. The attack on the ship resulted in the deaths of 429 crewmen, including Kvidera.
In September 1947, tasked with recovering and identifying fallen U.S. personnel in the Pacific Theater, members of the American Graves Registration Service (AGRS) disinterred the remains of U.S. casualties from the two cemeteries and transferred them to the Central Identification Laboratory at Schofield Barracks. The laboratory staff was only able to confirm the identifications of 35 men from the USS Oklahoma at that time. The AGRS subsequently buried the unidentified remains in 46 plots at the National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific, known as the Punchbowl, in Honolulu. In October 1949, a military board classified those who could not be identified as non-recoverable, including Kvidera.
In April 2015, the Deputy Secretary of Defense issued a policy memorandum directing the disinterment of unknowns associated with the USS Oklahoma. On June 15, 2015, DPAA personnel began exhuming the remains from the Punchbowl for analysis.
To identify Kvidera’s remains, scientists from DPAA and the Armed Forces Medical Examiner System used mitochondrial (mtDNA) and Y-chromosome (Y-STR) DNA analysis, dental and anthropological analysis, as well as circumstantial evidence.
DPAA is grateful to the Department of Veterans Affairs for their partnership in this recovery.
Of the 16 million Americans who served in World War II, more than 400,000 died during the war. Currently there are 72,784 (approximately 26,000 are assessed as possibly-recoverable) still unaccounted for from World War II. Kvidera’s name is recorded on the Courts of the Missing at the Punchbowl, along with the others who are missing from WWII. A rosette will be placed next to his name to indicate he has been accounted for.
For additional information on the Defense Department’s mission to account for Americans who went missing while serving our country, visit the DPAA website at www.dpaa.mil, find us on social media at www.facebook.com/dodpaa or call (703) 699-1420/1169.
Kvidera’s personnel profile can be viewed at
https://dpaa.secure.force.com/dpaaProfile?id=a0Jt0000000XdztEAC
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25441
|
__label__cc
| 0.683012
| 0.316988
|
Look out for your things!
Cut adrift
Cinderella enjoyed herself, danced and quite
forgot about the fairy godmother`s command.
It seemed to her that it was not even eleven o’clock
when it stroke twelve.
Each developer has its own policy for supporting its software. Terms of support are stipulated in user license agreements. But how many people read them?
For example, Google believes that Android updates must be distributed by device manufacturers that use this OS. The result is to be expected—critical security updates do not always reach the end-user, and, perhaps, they never do. And when the company unilaterally ceases to support old versions of Android, the user is forced to buy a new gadget with a new system version, or permanently move into a danger zone.
Recently, the Internet was all atwitter over an incident that makes one wonder whether there’s any sense in buying devices whose continued operation depends not on the devices themselves, but on the mercy of the manufacturer.
Revolv is a system consisting of software and external devices that is designed to automate residential buildings. The user can communicate via radio with their home’s light switches, garage door opener, alarm system and alarm clocks, motion sensors, and air conditioning equipment. The house can be controlled over the Internet from a mobile phone application. Fine tuning allows the house to live a life of its own, for example, by turning lights on and off in a manner that would indicate that people are at home, and, thus, deter burglars.
In 2014, Google acquired Revolv. On the basis of this system, other products—better, safer, and more useful—have been developed. Resources ran out to keep Revolv going, and as of May 15, 2016, the central device and the application are defunct.
revolv.com
One user discovered this information by accident while checking the status of a request they’d filed on a completely different topic. The end of support in this case means not just a lack of updates or repair options—the situation is far more serious: a smart house will lose its capabilities and stop working, and the owner will have to search for and buy a new device, and configure everything again from scratch. The warranty has expired; all the data will be deleted; and security will be reduced to zero.
The most important condition when working with software is to be sure that the manufacturer issues updates. If they don’t, there’s a daily risk of infection since cybercriminals know that the existing vulnerabilities will never be closed.
If your device is not receiving updates, but is still operational, you can install an anti-virus on it—do this, and then switch all the anti-virus settings to the most paranoid mode.
Minimize interaction between this device and the network.
Updates are necessary and important.
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25442
|
__label__wiki
| 0.944322
| 0.944322
|
A GLANCE THROUGH THE ARCHIVES
When the West Riding FA celebrated its Centenary in 1996 it was quickly followed by Member Districts like Bradford and Huddersfield reaching the same milestone.
Why then is Leeds, the largest district within the County, lagging some 5 years behind? The answer lies in the County FA records which show that at the outset, Leeds was represented by two separate Associations. viz Leeds North and Leeds South.
In the interests of uniformity the two bodies were encouraged to merge and in 1901 a constitution was drawn up which was acceptable to all parties and Leeds & District FA was formed, the President being Mr. A Tordoff and Secretary, Mr, W Rawlinson.
Unfortunately, due to the absence of early minute books, there is no record of the Associations progress up to the First World War. However, after the war the Association resumed its efforts to promote football in the area by encouraging clubs, old and new, to play the game and persuade all Leagues and Competitions to become members.
Another innovation following the war, which is a good indication of the social climate of the times, was the introduction of the ‘Footballers Sunday’, when in March each year players and officials attended a Memorial Service at the YMCA followed by the laying of a wreath at the War memorial. These services continued into the 1930’s when, presumably due to lack of support, they were discontinued.
In 1926 the Association elected Mr. E Rickerby as President, an office he held until 1961 (35 years). The following year Mr. W Dickinson was elected Treasurer and he also remained in office until 1961 (34 years). In addition, Mr. Dickinson fulfilled the duties of Secretary for 10 years from 1951 to 1961. The many years of service from these two gentlemen had a very stabilising effect on the Association and gave strong leadership.
As far back as the 1920’s the Association had the foresight to create the Accident Fund. In fact, the Treasurer’s Report of 1927 records 130 clubs in membership with claims amounting to £241.00 and a surplus on the year of £27.00. The accident Fund is today as strong as ever and continues to provide a great service to local clubs.
In 1927 the County FA inaugurated a Cup Competition for the District Association Minor players under the age of 16. Leeds FA were the first winners beating Huddersfield, Halifax and Wakefield.
In the same year Whitehall Printers FC won the Leeds FA Senior Cup. They were undoubtedly one of the strongest teams of that era and in 1936 reached the semi-final of the FA Amateur Cup.
In those early years the Association had strong links and good relations with Leeds United AFC and regularly played the Senior Cup Final at Elland Road during the Easter period.
These fixtures were usually well attended and the gate receipts formed the main source of the Associations income. In the 1930’s it was the Associations ambition to achieve a ‘Gate’ of 10,000 at the Final but this figure was not realised until 1947 when the Final between Yorkshire Amateur and Leeds UYMI was watched by spectators in excess of that figure. The teams were so evenly matched that the game went to a second replay before UYMI won. All three games being played at Elland Road.
Further indications of the strong ties between the Association and Leeds United are that in 1935 a match between the two took place on Jubilee day for the King George Jubilee Trust Fund and the following season a similar game was played on behalf of the Leeds Workpeoples Hospital Fund.
We may think that player misbehaviour is a product of present times, but at the 1931 AGM the President appealed for clubs to “dispense with players who offend against referees” – Nothing changes !
In 1932 the Association recognised the need for organised football for boys in the 14/16 age group and the Leeds Minor League grew steadily in strength and numbers and in 1937 the Association broke new ground by organising a Youth Summer Coaching Camp at Abergale, North Wales, for young boys. This was repeated in 1938 when 150 boys attended and caught the interest of the Football Association to the extent that Sir Stanley Rous visited the camp. The 1939 camp was held at Blackpool.
The steady growth of football in Leeds was creating problems in finding pitches and the Association was regularly taking the Local Authority to task over the lack of pitches or suitable changing facilities within the local parks.
The outbreak of war in 1939 decimated local football, but the Association was determined to keep going with a reduced number of teams plus a number of Service’s teams from military units based in the area. Again the President demonstrated his wisdom and foresight by stating “I am certain that the future of football will depend on what is done now for boys and junior players”
The next season the Association launched a “Play Football” campaign supported by the local press. The campaign was instrumental in gaining 20 teams for the Minor League.
Throughout its history the Association had shown a keen interest in the recruitment and training of Referees and has worked closely with the Referee’s Association in its aim to have sufficient Referees to staff all games. For many years Referee training was in the capable hands of Mr. G Wilson whose reputation as an instructor spread country wide.
He was later assisted by Mr. J J Russell who also became the first Referees Appointment Secretary when in 1950 the Association started its own Appointments system to try to alleviate shortages in the West Yorkshire, Red Triangle, Combination and Allied Churches leagues.
Referees from the Association who have attained the highest honours include… A Luty, J J Russell, H Webb, H Jackson, R E Raby, G Kew, T L Morris and J McAulay.
The 1948 season saw the revival of the Inter League Competition which was won by the Red Triangle League, defeating the West Yorkshire League in the Final. Also that year a revision of the District boundaries by the County FA brought Halton, Seacroft and Crossgates within the Leeds FA when they had hitherto been part of Barkston Ash FA.
Problems of insufficient or inadequate playing areas still persisted and in 1952 the Playing Fields Committee was formed with the aim of continuing to press the Local Authority for improvements.
With the number of clubs in membership growing, the need for a second Cup Competition was recognised and 1952 saw the creation of the “District Cup” for teams eliminated in the first round of the Senior Cup plus reserve teams.
By the mid 1950’s many of the people whose names are familiar to us today were established as Members of the Council, men like E Armitage, R Bates, W Else, F Escritt, R G Everitt, W Hollingworth, K Houlden, C pagdin, D Pickersgill, W Paley, J Riggs, W Riminton, J J Russell, H Copley, W Collier – and its pleasing to record that one of them is celebrating with us this evening.
In 1960 the death of Mr. W Dickinson left the Association without a Secretary and, after interviewing the applicants on 6th December 1960, Mr A C Taylor was appointed to the position and remained in office as Secretary or Treasurer until 1991 when he became President.
The most significant event in football for the last 50 years was when the FA sanctioned Sunday Football and in 1962 the Leeds Sunday league and its affiliated clubs were accepted as members of the District FA.
By the 1963/64 season there were 50 Sunday teams registered and the District Sunday Cup Competition was established with Shaftesbury United the first winners. The next 15 years saw the number of Sunday teams grow, whilst Saturday football suffered a decline, some Leagues folding as a result. The increased participation on Sunday led to the start of a second Cup Competition in 1971 – The Sunday District Cup – and a third in 1978 – The Sunday Jubilee Cup. The predominance of Sunday football over Saturday still exists.
Another major milestone in the Associations history occurred in 1968 when, at the request of the City Council, a representative side travelled to Lille to take part in a Twin Town Tournament.
These visits were repeated in 1970, 72, 74 and 76 when, having remained unbeaten throughout the group games, Leeds lost to Lille in the Final by 2-1.
In 1977 an International Twin Town Committee was formed with A C Taylor as Vice Chairman with the object of having the Competition in other locations.
In 1977 it was staged at Beauvois and 1978 Leeds hosted the tournament and won. 1979 saw the team visit Dortmund and we returned to Lille in ’81, after which the competition faltered due to the retirement of Committee Members. In 1988 the Leeds FA along with the City Council attempted to revive the competition by inviting the twinned Cities to Leeds but we met with only partial success, with Lille, Dortmund and Siegen being the only foreign acceptances.
The game of football continues to flourish at grass roots level and, under the guidance of the Football Association, is adaptable to changes witnessed in recent years by the development of Mini-Soccer for children up to the age of 11 years and by the moves to encourage and develop the involvement of women and girls in the game.
The Association has been fortunate over the years to have excellent guidance and leadership from its principal officials and these have been capably supported by so many others in offices such as Referee’s Appointments, Youth, Accident Fund and Playing Fields secretaries and by Council Members. As we move into the 21st Century we are confident that future generations will continue to produce people of dedication and commitment ready to meet the challenges which lie ahead.
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25446
|
__label__cc
| 0.694101
| 0.305899
|
Sacha London Women's Orlando Black 8 M
stylehaute (1823 )
stylehaute has no other items for sale.
Details about Sacha London Tess Women's Black Patent Leather Peep Toe Heels Size 9
Sacha London Tess Women's Black Patent Leather Peep Toe Heels Size 9
Sterling Heights, Michigan, United States
Stuart Weitzman Womens Peep Toe High Heel Pumps Black Patent Leather Size 9
Women's Lilly Pulitzer Black Patent Leather Peep Toe Wedges size 9
Cole Haan Women's NikeAir Tali Black Patent Leather Peep Toe Wedge Heel Size 9
VIA SPIGA Size 9 Black Patent Leather Bow Peep Toe High Heels
SALVATORE FERRAGAMO SLINGBACK HEELS BLACK PATENT LEATHER PEEP TOE WOMEN'S SIZE 8
Stuart Weitzman Size 8.5 M Women's Black Patent Leather Peep Toe Pumps Heels
Sofft Women's Black Patent Leather Peep Toe Slingback Heels Pumps Size 9.5
ALDO Womens Black Heels Pumps Stiletto Peep Toe Patent Leather Size 40 US 9
Nine West Black Leather Classic Peep Open Toe Heel Women's Shoes Size 9 M Patent
Via Spiga Size 9M Red Patent Leather Peep Toe Heels EUC
LK Bennett Women's Heels Size 36 3 Nude Patent Leather T-Stap Peep Toe Stiletto
Cole Haan Black Patent Leather Peep Toe Slingback Heels - Women's 7B
Material: Patent Leather Style: Pumps, Classic
US Shoe Size (Women's): US 9 Width: Medium (B, M)
Style Haute
Item location: Sterling Heights, Michigan, United States
Shipping to: United States, Canada, United Kingdom, China, Mexico, Germany, Japan, Brazil, France, Australia, Denmark, Romania, Slovakia, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Finland, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Estonia, Greece, Portugal, Cyprus, Slovenia, Sweden, Korea, South, Indonesia, Taiwan, South Africa, Thailand, Belgium, Hong Kong, Ireland, Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Italy, Austria, Bahamas, Israel, New Zealand, Philippines, Singapore, Switzerland, Norway, Saudi Arabia, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Kuwait, Bahrain, Croatia, Republic of, Malaysia, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Panama, Trinidad and Tobago, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Jamaica, Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Belize, Dominica, Grenada, Saint Kitts-Nevis, Saint Lucia, Montserrat, Turks and Caicos Islands, Barbados, Bangladesh, Bermuda, Brunei Darussalam, Bolivia, Ecuador, Egypt, French Guiana, Guernsey, Gibraltar, Guadeloupe, Iceland, Jersey, Jordan, Cambodia, Cayman Islands, Liechtenstein, Sri Lanka, Luxembourg, Monaco, Macau, Martinique, Maldives, Nicaragua, Oman, Peru, Pakistan, Paraguay, Reunion, Vietnam, Uruguay
Excludes: Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan Republic, Georgia, India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Nepal, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Laos, Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Democratic Republic of the, Congo, Republic of the, Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast), Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon Republic, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mayotte, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Saint Helena, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Western Sahara, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Albania, Andorra, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, San Marino, Serbia, Svalbard and Jan Mayen, Vatican City State, Argentina, Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela, Greenland, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Anguilla, British Virgin Islands, Haiti, Netherlands Antilles, Puerto Rico, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Virgin Islands (U.S.), Iraq, Lebanon, Turkey, Yemen, American Samoa, Cook Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Nauru, New Caledonia, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna, Western Samoa
Patent Leather Heels for Women,
Sacha London Indiana Women's Heels,
Peep Toe Boots for Women,
Women's Peep Toe Booties,
Sacha London Heels,
Jessica Simpson Women's Patent Leather Black Heels,
Booties Peep Toe Black Boots for Women,
Booties Women's Peep Toe 9 Women's US Shoe Size,
Peep Toe Heels Indiana Women's Heels,
Block Heel Booties Peep Toe Boots for Women
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25447
|
__label__wiki
| 0.624755
| 0.624755
|
RFE/RL – Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
Four Russian Prison Guards Jailed For Killing Inmate
November 15, 2018 19:35 GMT
Four Russian Prison Guards Jailed For Killing Inmate share
Four guards at a penitentiary in the Russian city of Chelyabinsk have been handed prison terms for beating an inmate to death.
A court in Chelyabinsk on November 15 found the four men guilty of abuse of power with violence and sentenced them to prison terms between three and eight years.
Inmate Sultan Israilov was found dead in the Corrective Colony No. 2 penitentiary in December 2015.
The prison authorities initially claimed the death was a suicide.
But some 500 inmates started a hunger strike, demanding an investigation into Israilov's death, which led to a probe in which five prison guards were arrested.
One of the guards committed suicide in May 2016 while under house arrest.
Abuses by prison guards, police, and other law enforcement officers have long been rife in Russia.
The issue turned into a hot topic in recent months across Russia after a video showing at least 17 guards beating an inmate at a prison in Yaroslavl became public in July.
On November 13, deputy head of Russia's Federal Penitentiary Service (FSIN) Valery Maksimenko said Russia needs more prisons to hold police officers and other law enforcement agents who have been convicted of crimes.
Based on reporting by Znak and Interfax
Copyright (c) 2010-2018. RFE/RL, Inc. Reprinted with the permission of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, 1201 Connecticut Ave., N.W. Washington DC 20036.
Tscheljabinsk: 4 Wärter einer Strafkolonie erhalten wegen Tötung eines Insassen im Jahr 2015 Haftstrafen zwischen 3 und 8 Jahren
https://www.rferl.org/a/four-russian-prison-guards-jailed-for-killing-inmate/29603009.html
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25450
|
__label__wiki
| 0.829987
| 0.829987
|
Back to Business Listing Page
MOXI Welcomes New Director of Development
byEdhat Staff
0 Comments"> 0 Comments
Reads 815
MOXI, The Wolf Museum of Exploration + Innovation, has hired Amanda Allen, a veteran Santa Barbara museum and nonprofit leader, as its director of development. In this role, Allen will oversee all aspects of the museum’s fundraising efforts including annual, major and planned giving, membership, corporate relations, and special and private events. MOXI, recently named one of the “10 Best New Museums in the World” by Fodor’s Travel, opened earlier this year and has already welcomed more than 120,000 guests in its first six months. The nonprofit museum relies on revenue from daily ticket sales and memberships as well as contributions from individuals, businesses and foundations to fund its ongoing operations and educational programming. Allen will work closely with MOXI’s Board of Directors and staff to seek local, regional and national support for the museum’s mission to ignite learning through interactive experiences in science and creativity.
“Amanda brings the perfect mix of experience, creativity and passion for education to MOXI. We’re excited to have her on our team as MOXI wraps up its first summer and gears up for a new school year,” said Alixe Mattingly, interim president and CEO of MOXI. “I look forward to helping Amanda craft strategies to allow us to offer world-class programming and ensure MOXI is accessible to all.”
Allen brings more than 15 years of experience in the science education field to MOXI. Prior to joining the MOXI team, Allen was the Sea Center Director for the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History where she served for almost 10 years overseeing the administration, operations, sales, maintenance, fundraising and strategic planning for the marine science facility on Stearns Wharf. Prior to that, she was the events and membership manager for the Waikiki Aquarium and has also held a variety of leadership roles in Santa Barbara with The Princeton Review and Ocean Adventures.
“I am absolutely thrilled to be joining a team of dedicated and talented professionals working in such a dynamic space. MOXI is clearly meeting a very important need in our community,” said Allen. “I look forward to meeting the many donors who have helped get MOXI to where it is today and am excited to inspire others to continue to support this true gem for the Santa Barbara community.”
Allen holds a master’s degree in business administration from California State University Channel Islands and a bachelor’s degree in anthropology from the University of California, Santa Barbara. She resides in Santa Barbara with husband Simon and their three sons.
About MOXI
MOXI, The Wolf Museum of Exploration + Innovation is a 21st century museum dedicated to igniting learning through interactive experiences in science and creativity. Located in the heart of Santa Barbara’s redeveloped tourist area at 125 State Street, it is LEED-certified Gold and serves children of all ages as well as lifelong learners. The museum’s interactive exhibits, designed by award-winning museum planning firm Gyroscope, Inc. align with the national agenda to boost student achievement in math and science. MOXI is now open daily from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. For more information, or to learn how to get involved, visit moxi.org or contact MOXI at 805-770-5000.
Business Category:
Fun Stuff/Entertainment
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25451
|
__label__cc
| 0.545539
| 0.454461
|
Home Posts tagged "Syria"
Justifying Self-defense against Assisting States: Conceptualizing Legal Consequences of Inter-State Assistance
Published on May 23, 2019 Author: Benjamin Nussberger and Paula Fischer
Cause for thought: Israel’s airstrikes directed against Iran and Syria
Israel has acknowledged to have repeatedly struck Iranian military targets in Syria. While confrontations occur frequently, the incident of January 21, 2019 has received particular attention. Israeli guided missiles, apparently fired over Lebanese territory (UN Doc. S/PV.8449, p. 31f), hit Iranian military targets in Syria, also leading to personal and material damage of Syria. Israel invoked its right to self-defense, apparently reacting to Iran firing a surface-to-surface missile towards the Golan Heights on Sunday, January 20 from Syrian territory. Syria’s precise role in the Iranian action beyond this territorial link remains murky.
The problem: self-defense affecting assisting states
The Israeli claim to self-defense faces various legal questions (e.g. whether the attack meets the necessary threshold or whether annexed territories can be defended). This contribution does not aim to assess the Israeli claim, but shall use this example to shed light on one problem only: May the victim of an armed attack defend itself not only against the attacker state, but also against an “assisting” state?
Even if the use of force by the defending state (here Israel) against the attacking state (here Iran) is assumed to be justified by self-defense, it also forcefully infringes upon the territorial integrity of the assisting State (here Syria), as protected under Article 2(4) UNC, and warrants justification, too. The claim that strikes directed against an actor within the territory of another state are not a prohibited use of force against the territorial state has been repeatedly rebutted.
In fact, in the Security Council debate on the January incident, Syria labelled the Israeli strikes as “acts of aggression targeting the Syrian Arab Republic”, a “gross violation of international law” (S/PV.8449, p. 31f). Iran like Russia condemned the Israeli action, emphasizing the infringement of Syria’s sovereignty. Interestingly, Israel (unlike the USA or Germany) showed awareness of the problem by holding “the Syrian regime responsible for the missile that was launched against Israel from Syrian territory” (S/PV.8449, p. 8). The IDF added that “Syria paid the price for allowing Iran to conduct attacks from its soil.”
While the permissibility of self-defense against states supporting non-state actor violence is being extensively discussed, self-defense against states assisting another state has received little attention Read the rest of this entry…
Filed under: Armed Conflict, EJIL Analysis, Iran, Israel, Non-State Actors, Self Defence, Use of Force
Tags: Iran, Israel, Syria
Private Investigators Helped Germany Arrest Two Former Syrian Secret Service Officers
Published on February 26, 2019 Author: Alexander Heinze
On 7 February 2019, the investigative judge of the German Federal Court of Justice issued arrest warrants against two former secret service officers from the Syrian government, since they were strongly suspected of having carried out or aided torture and crimes against humanity. On 12 February 2019, the German Federal Prosecutor – through officers of the Federal Criminal Police Office (Bundeskriminalamt) – arrested the two suspects in Berlin and Zweibrücken. As a result of the creation of a French-German Joint Investigation Team, another Syrian alleged to have worked for the secret service was arrested by Parisian prosecutors. This is the first time western criminal prosecutors have arrested alleged torturers working for Bashar al-Assad.
The strong suspicion that the suspects had carried out the alleged crimes is based – to a considerable extent – on evidence that has been collected by private individuals and entities: First, the photographs taken by the “Group Caesar”, the code name of a former Syrian military photographer who brought over 50,000 photographs out of the country, 28,000 of which show detainees in Syrian prisons killed by torture, outright execution, disease, malnutrition or other ill-treatment. Second, the assistance of the European Center for Constitutional and Human Rights, which provided the testimony from six survivors of torture in Al Khatib detention center in Damascus. Third, the Commission for International Justice and Accountability (CIJA), who provided documentary evidence against one of the two former secret service officers. Nerma Jelacic, CIJA’s deputy director, announced on Twitter: “#CIJA is proud to have supported the #German prosecutor’s investigation and arrest of the first high-ranking Syrian regime official”.
This shows that the appeal of private investigations has now reached the level of International Criminal Justice. Of course, investigatory work done by private non-state agencies is not novel, considering that there are countless Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) and Inter-Governmental Organisations (IGOs) who interview witnesses and collect documents. The aim is that this material may be used in International(ised) Criminal Tribunals or before a national court trying international crimes. Private investigations are indispensable on the international level, and privately funded international human rights organisations have been crucial to hold perpetrators of international crimes accountable. Read the rest of this entry…
Filed under: International Criminal Law, Syria
Tags: International Criminal Law, private investigators, Syria
Comments Off on Private Investigators Helped Germany Arrest Two Former Syrian Secret Service Officers
Pigs, Positivism, and the Jus ad Bellum
Published on April 27, 2018 Author: Monica Hakimi
Now that the dust from the U.S.–U.K.–French operation against Syria has settled, I want to follow up on something I said when news of it first broke. Like most commentators, I argued that the operation did not satisfy the formal legal doctrine on the use of force. By this I meant that it was inconsistent with the longstanding interpretation of Article 2(4) of the UN Charter and not justifiable under any of the recognized exceptions. Yet I also contended that the doctrine was not the end of the legal inquiry. Given how the jus ad bellum actually operates, I argued, “the best answer to the question of whether the Syria strikes were lawful is not a simple ‘yes’ or ‘no.’”
Many international lawyers took issue with that claim, so I want to defend it—and use it to expose what I consider to be a fairly fundamental flaw in how the jus ad bellum is usually analyzed. To do this, I’ll take a detour through one of my all-time favorite law review articles: Hendrik Hartog’s Pigs and Positivism.
Pigs and Positivism
Hartog’s article is not about international law. It uses the 19th century practice of keeping pigs in New York City as a case study for thinking about law and legal analysis. Here is the background: pigs were once an ordinary and integral part of life in New York City. People ate the pigs, and the pigs ate the waste that lined city streets. But pigs were “mean, dangerous, and uncontrollable beasts” (p. 902). In 1819, after various efforts to legislate against them had failed, a court determined, in a case called People v. Harriett, that loose pigs in public streets were a public nuisance and, for that reason, prohibited. The decision established that “[t]o keep pigs on municipal streets was to commit a crime” (p. 920). Read the rest of this entry…
Filed under: Armed Conflict, Syria, Use of Force
Tags: Syria
The Attack on Syria and the Contemporary Jus ad Bellum
The United States, Britain, and France have attacked various chemical weapons facilities in Syria. Even before they acted, a number of commentators claimed that any such attack would be internationally unlawful. Below, I explain why that claim is too simplistic and how we should situate the operation in the jus ad bellum going forward. Let me say at the outset that I don’t support this operation and have serious doubts about the capacity of the United States, in particular, to implement a coherent policy in Syria. (I also think the operation violates U.S. law.) So, I’m not arguing that the operation was a good idea or even that it should be lawful. I’m making an analytic argument about how the jus ad bellum works.
The April 2017 Incident
This was not the first attack against Syria for its use of chemical weapons. In April 2017, the United States struck Syria for the same asserted reason: as a reprisal for the regime’s use of chemical weapons in violation of international law. At the time, most commentators said that the U.S. operation was unlawful. It was inconsistent with the longstanding interpretation of Article 2(4) of the UN Charter and not covered by the Charter exceptions. Assad didn’t consent to the operation, the Security Council hadn’t authorized it, and it wasn’t taken in self-defense.
There is an ongoing debate about whether the jus ad bellum contains another exception for humanitarian interventions. The dominant view is that it does not. States (as a group) have periodically condoned unilateral operations that can be labeled “humanitarian,” but the vast majority of them have declined to support a generally applicable humanitarian exception to 2(4). They have instead insisted that no such exception exists. Further, even if there were one, its application to the 2017 operation would have been dubious. The operation looked more like a reprisal than like what we usually mean by a “humanitarian intervention.” President Trump said that it was designed “to prevent and deter the spread and use of deadly chemical weapons,” not to avert the many other atrocities that were being committed in Syria. Forcible reprisals are by almost all accounts unlawful. Read the rest of this entry…
Filed under: Syria, Use of Force
Tags: Syria, use of force
Unlawful Reprisals to the Rescue against Chemical Attacks?
Published on April 12, 2018 Author: Mary Ellen O'Connell
Donald Trump has threatened Syria with a ‘big price to pay’ for an alleged chemical attack on 7 April in a Damascus suburb. Last year, in similar circumstances, Trump authorized an attack of 59 Tomahawk missiles that reportedly killed 9, including 4 children. The French and German governments responded with a joint press release finding it a ‘just and proportionate’ response. They did not say ‘lawful’–nor could they.
Armed reprisals are uses of military force that follow an incident, usually to punish or in retaliation or revenge and which do not fit the exception to the prohibition on the use of force for self-defence. See the same conclusion here and here. Reprisals need Security Council authorization to be lawful. The Security Council has never authorized a reprisal and will not in the case of Syria.
In 1970, the General Assembly stated clearly in its Declaration on Principles of International Law Concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation among States that among the fundamental rights and duties of states, is the ‘duty to refrain from acts of reprisal involving the use of force’ against other States. The International Court of Justice found in its 1994 advisory opinion on the Legality of Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons that ‘armed reprisals in time of peace […] are considered to be unlawful.’ In the Oil Platforms case, it further held that US attacks on Iranian sites were not lawful acts of self-defense because of their retaliatory nature.
Thus, unauthorized reprisals are always unlawful Read the rest of this entry…
Filed under: EJIL Analysis, Pre-emptive Self Defence, Security Council, Self Defence, Syria, Use of Force
Tags: armed attack, chemical weapons, necessary and proportionate, Syria, Trump
Turkey’s Military Operations in Syria
Published on February 20, 2018 Author: Lokman B. Çetinkaya
Turkish Armed Forces (TAF) carried out ‘Operation Euphrates Shield’ for 216 days from August 2016 to March 2017 in the triangle between Azaz, Jarablus and al-Bab in northern Syria. Thanks to this military operation, Turkey cleared Daesh from the region and halted the risk of the PYD/YPG exercising control of the Syrian side of the shared 911km border by wedging itself between two PYD/YPG controlled areas. In addition, some displaced Syrians voluntarily returned to this region from Turkey, which currently hosts around 3.5 million Syrian refugees — more than any other country.
In line with this previous operation, the TAF launched ‘Operation Olive Branch’ on 20 January 2018 in Afrin, which has been controlled by the YPG. In its letter to the UN Security Council (UN Doc. S/2018/53), Turkey justified this operation on the basis of self-defence and various Security Council resolutions calling on Member States to fight terrorism.
Since the indicated UN Security Council resolutions do not explicitly authorize the cross-border use of force, Turkey’s reliance on it as a justification of its extraterritorial military operation is unacceptable in international law. As far as I see in legal discussions, there is no dispute over this. However, the question of whether Operation Olive Branch can be justified on the basis of self-defence has brought with it some controversy.
Armed attack
According to both Article 51 of the UN Charter and related customary international law, occurrence of an ‘armed attack’ is required for the activation of the inherent right of self-defence. The ICJ identified ‘scale and effects’ as the criteria that ‘distinguish the most grave forms of the use force (those constituting an armed attack) from other less grave forms,’ but has not specified indicators of these criteria (Nicaragua judgment, 1986, para. 191). It should be noted that the scale and effects criteria have nothing to do with numbers. Rather, it is a legal assessment depending on facts and circumstances at hand. Read the rest of this entry…
The Turkish Operation in Afrin (Syria) and the Silence of the Lambs
Published on January 30, 2018 Author: Anne Peters
On 20th January 2018, the Turkish military started to attack the Kurdish-populated region of Afrin in Syria (“Operation Olive Branch“). With its letter to the Security Council of 22nd January 2018, Turkey justified this action as self-defence in terms of Art. 51 UN Charter. The relevant passage of the letter is: “[T]he threat of terrorism from Syria targeting our borders has not ended. The recent increase in rocket attacks and harassment fire directed at Hatay and Kilis provinces of Turkey from the Afrin region of Syria, which is under the control of the PKK/KCK/PYD/YPG terrorist organization, has resulted in the deaths of many civilians and soldiers and has left many more wounded.” (UN Doc. S/2018/53; emphasis added). Two elements are troublesome in this official Turkish justification.
Non-state armed attacks?
First, it is controversial whether armed attacks of the YPG, a non-state actor, suffice to trigger self-defence in terms of Article 51 UN Charter and underlying customary law. The current law (both Charter-based and treaty-based) is in flux, and still seems to demand some attribution to the state from which the attacks originate. (See for a collection of diverse scholarly opinion, ranging from “restrictivists” to “expansionists”: Anne Peters, Christian Marxsen (eds), “Self-Defence Against Non-State Actors: Impulses from the Max Planck Trialogues on the Law of Peace and War”, Heidelberg Journal of International Law 77 (2017), 1-93; SSRN-version in Max Planck Research Papers 2017-17).
The ICJ case-law has not fully settled the question (see for state-centred statements: ICJ, Oil platforms 2003, paras. 51 and 61; ICJ Wall opinion 2004, para. 139). Read the rest of this entry…
Filed under: Customary International Law, EJIL Analysis, Non-State Actors, Self Defence, Syria, Terrorism, Use of Force
Tags: armed attacks, Article 51, Syria, Turkey
Excusing Illegal Use of Force: From Illegal but Legitimate to Legal Because it is Legitimate?
Published on April 14, 2017 Author: Jure Vidmar
The US missile strikes on Syria have, inter alia, revived the debates on humanitarian intervention, the argument of ‘illegal but legitimate’ and more generally on the exceptions to the prohibition of the use of force. For some examples see here, here and here. Some contributors have pointed out that the US did not even try to bring this action within the ambit of the Charter rules on the use of force, and that the absence of Charter-based arguments may even be a good thing as it preserves the strength of Article 2(4). Others have cautioned that the strength of the rules on the use of force might nevertheless be undermined, as singular ‘exceptional’ cases result in a pattern.
This post argues that, analogous to the concept of defences in municipal legal systems, international law on the use of force should adopt a systematic distinction between justifications and excuses. As responses to the US missile attack in Syria demonstrate, the two concepts are conflated. The result is that legality is often assessed on the basis of excuses. If the trend of conflation continues, the controversial doctrine of ‘illegal but legitimate’ will move toward an even more controversial doctrine of ‘legal because it is legitimate’.
Justifications are legally-warranted exceptions to the general prohibition. As such, they are a way out of illegality. Excuses, on the other hand, are not a way out of illegality, but act as mitigating circumstances that preclude responsibility for an otherwise illegal conduct. Under some circumstances, breaching the law may indeed be the choice of a lesser evil. As noted by Vaughan Lowe in his 1999 EJIL article, a legal system may wish to provide a defence for emergency drivers who breach the speed limit on the way to hospital. There are two ways of achieving this goal. One way is to give them an explicit authorization to breach the speed limit. The other one, however, does not authorize speeding, but rather ensures that emergency drivers are not prosecuted upon such a breach of traffic rules. The first (justification) relaxes the norm itself and may well result in wider disobeying of the speed limit than the second, which merely provides for a carefully weighed excuse of culpability where the norm was doubtlessly breached. In other words, it is better if the general norm is strong and ‘catches’ more violators whose excuses are then considered on a case-by-case basis. I elaborate on these issues in more details in this 2015 concept paper. In the present context, might the ‘emergency driver logic’ apply to the US strike in Syria? Even if it did, it would not make this action legal. Possibly, the US could only escape responsibility for this internationally wrongful act. Read the rest of this entry…
Filed under: State Responsibility, Syria, Use of Force
Tags: humanitarian intervention, Syria
Justice for Syria? Opportunities and Limitations of Universal Jurisdiction Trials in Germany
Published on August 12, 2016 Author: Patrick Kroker & Alexandra Lily Kather
During the ongoing conflict in Syria, horrific international crimes are being committed on a daily basis. With impunity for these crimes prevailing on an international level, the attention of Syrian and international actors is turning towards trials under the principle of universal jurisdiction in national courts. This blog post provides a systematic overview of current trials and investigations in Germany relating to Syria and discusses the possibilities and limitations of such trials.
Impunity Prevailing on International Level
Many of the grave human rights violations in Syria are well documented by international bodies, international NGOs such as Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch (which rely on evidence from Syrian activists who are documenting these kind of crimes under great personal risk), and national organizations such as the Syrian Network for Human Rights, the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights and the Violations Documentations Centre.
However, geopolitical concerns impede effective and timely prosecution of human rights violations and international crimes: The hands of the International Criminal Court (ICC) appear to be tied and a double Security Council Veto by the permanent members, Russia and China, blocked a resolution to refer the situation to the Court. Despite the draft of a Statute as early as 2013, the call for the establishment of a hybrid tribunal by the UN Commission of Inquiry and academic support for this approach as the next best alternative (Van Schaack, Just Security; Sayapin, EJIL Talk), no tangible mechanism has resulted thus far. It follows that the only remaining and realistic avenue to seek justice for international crimes perpetrated in Syria is for other countries to prosecute these crimes by way of universal jurisdiction. Read the rest of this entry…
Filed under: Armed Conflict, EJIL Analysis, Human Rights, Jurisdiction, Syria, Universal Jurisdiction
Tags: Syria, universal jurisdiction
The Use of Force Against People Smugglers: Conflicts with Refugee Law and Human Rights Law
Published on June 22, 2015 Author: Julian Lehmann
On 18 May, EU ministers agreed on a military operation (EU NAVFOR Med) that could comprise, in its final phase, the boarding, seizure and destruction of suspected migrant smuggling vessels, subject to approval by the UN Security Council. Negotiations before the Security Council appear to have halted until both the Libyan government in Tobruk and the ruling authorities in Tripoli give consent. Meanwhile, a diplomatic source involved in the EU internal talks on the matter stated that a military operation could be decided on 22 June at the Foreign Affairs Council in Luxembourg.
In earlier EJIL talk! posts, Melanie Fink and Sergo Mananashvili argued that a Security Council Resolution would be questionable under the law of the use of force. But a resolution would also raise issues of compliance with refugee and human rights law and thus would produce a norm conflict between a Security Council Resolution and other international law.
The Likely Need to Have Forces Close to the Libyan Shore
Let’s look at the most likely scenarios around the use of force, were the EU move forward and the UN Security Council to approve of the plans.
An earlier EU strategy paper had foreseen ‘intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance; boarding teams; patrol units (air and maritime); amphibious assets; destruction air, land and sea, including special forces units.’ Since then, the EU’s High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, Federica Mogherini, has pointed out that the operation would not include ‘boots on the ground’ in Libya. At the same time, it is clear that EU diplomats seek more than approval to destroy vessels intercepted at sea, and from which all migrants have disembarked. The EU seeks a UN resolution for destroy smuggling vessels before they have departed.
Identifying smuggling vessels before they have departed will be challenging without deploying people on the ground in Libya. Smuggling vessels can clearly be identified as such only at or shortly before the time they are being used for smuggling. Read the rest of this entry…
Filed under: EJIL Analysis, European Convention on Human Rights, Extraterritorial Application, Human Rights, Human Rights Council, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Libya, Migration, Refugee Law, Right to Life, Security Council, Syria, United Nations, Use of Force
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25452
|
__label__wiki
| 0.909891
| 0.909891
|
Further talks on ‘village’ plans
PROPOSALS for 398 new homes in Lyde Green are still awaiting a decision.
Further discussions are taking place on Edward Ware Homes’ plans to build the houses next to the M4, Henfield Road and a section of the Mangotsfield to Yate cycle path.
The development would include 159 three-bedroom houses, one-bedroom flats, two-bedroom flats and houses, and houses with four or five bedrooms. Within the plans, the developers say the only neighbours who would be affected are people with homes at Lyde Green Farm, which has already been converted for housing, stating: “The residents of Lyde Green Farm have been engaged through the process to ensure that their concerns and views are taken into consideration in the final design.”
Some residents have expressed concerns about the houses adding further strain on the road network, the fact that community facilities may not be able to meet added demand and that too much green space will be taken away by the plans.
The determination deadline for the application (reference P19/1275/F) was June 3. However, the developer has told The Voice that there is still work to be done before the proposal goes before South Gloucestershire Council planners for a decision.
Simon Jenkins, land director for Edward Ware Homes said: “It is very rare that a decision is issued by the statutory determination date, especially in respect of larger applications.
“What normally happens, and is happening in this case, is the applicant and the council informally extend the period in order to deal with matters arising from the consultation responses, in some cases this requires further technical input from consultants, redrawing aspects of the scheme. and these modifications are then considered further by the council and other statutory consultees.
“We are presently in this period of ‘adjustment and refinement’ and when both parties are satisfied with the modifications these will be added to the planning portal.”
He also added: “With regard to the local representations from existing residents in Lyde Green, these were largely making points about the failure of the consortium to meet their ‘obligations’ in respect of the continuation of the noise barrier, provision of services (such as a Doctors Surgery), which clearly we are not in a position to address.
“The Pucklechurch Parish Council, whose Parish our part of Lyde Green falls under, made a number of comments with regard to our application which replicated some of the individual responses.
“As a result we held a presentation with them in May, which was open to the public to attend.”
A spokesman for South Gloucestershire Council also confirmed that the application will take longer to decide than the statutory determination deadline, due to the scale of the application, and that it may also need to go to committee before a decision is made.
To find out more about the plans, visit South Gloucestershire Council’s planning website: https://developments.southglos.gov.uk/online-applications/
THIS is the damage caused when a double-decker bus took a wrong turn and collided with a building in Downend... Read More
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25458
|
__label__cc
| 0.526871
| 0.473129
|
Erich Erber honoured by receiving PhD hc from Kasetsart University
January 2015 - In a dignified ceremony graced by the presence of HRH Princess Chulabhorn, a total of 2,450 students of Kasetsart University (Bangkok) received their degrees on Thursday, January 8th, 2015. Erich Erber, the founder of BIOMIN and Erber Group, was the sole recipient of the prestigious PhD hc from 2014.
The university council had already decided on June 23rd, 2014, to award him the degree “Doctor of Philosophy in Animal Nutrition and Food Technology Honoris Causa”. BIOMIN and ERBER GROUP have collaborated with Kasetsart University for many years. Erich Erber has held talks at the campus and various trials and other research work have been jointly conducted. This fact and the overall contribution to the field of Thai agriculture and animal nutrition development led the university council to bestow the honorary degree. Kasetsart University, the oldest and largest agricultural university in Thailand, is also a talent pool from which BIOMIN Thailand is continuously able to tap.
“I feel very proud of this recognition and honour bestowed by this title to my lifelong work in the improvement of animal and human nutrition. I am now a proud member of the KU alumni!” says Erich Erber about this distinction.
Related info
2017-03-22 ERBER Group Plans New Clinical Pig Health Research Center at Kasetsart University
PR_2015_ErichErber_receivesPhd_EN.doc 608 KB
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25461
|
__label__wiki
| 0.849246
| 0.849246
|
Shaqiri 'like Messi,' can be Reds' best - ex-boss
248dGlenn Price
LIVE Transfer Talk: Neymar turns to Juventus for PSG exit
Xherdan Shaqiri 'like Lionel Messi,' could become Liverpool's best player - ex-Basel manager
Glenn PriceLiverpool correspondent
Former Basel manager Thorsten Fink has told ESPN FC that Xherdan Shaqiri possesses world-class natural footballing ability like Lionel Messi does and believes he can go on to become the "best player for Liverpool."
Shaqiri has continued to impress in a Liverpool shirt after the Merseyside club triggered a £13.5 million release clause in his Stoke City contract in July.
The ex-Basel attacker scored his second goal for Liverpool against Fulham on Sunday and has been directly involved in five goals in his last six appearances.
"Cristiano Ronaldo, he worked for what he achieved," Fink, who managed the Swiss international between 2009-2011, said. "But Messi, he had it.
Top 30 players under 21 in men's soccer
Freddy Adu: 'I'm not ready to give it up'
- Viewers' guide: Stream ESPN+ in U.S.
- Follow Transfer Talk LIVE
- Fantasy: Set lineups, check scores!
"He didn't have to work for this talent. Ronaldo must work for this -- work with this body, work with everything. For me, Messi has this talent. That's also for Shaqiri.
"He has this talent to play. If he works very professionally, he can be the best player for Liverpool -- not only a player. Every time the aim must to be better and make the next step. If you play for Liverpool not every week, it cannot be enough for him. His aim must be to play every week."
Fink, who is now manager of Swiss side Grasshoppers, managed Shaqiri when he was teenager, having broken through from the Basel academy. The German initially used him as a left-back before moving him further up the pitch, where he could have a greater impact.
"He's smart and it was pleasure to work with him," Fink said. "He played very well as a left-back. I thought he was the best left-back I saw after Roberto Carlos. But every time his aim was to play forward.
"He was very creative. He did things what you were not aware [he could do]. Sometimes he plays passes in deep, he shoots very well. He could cross very well, his ball control was very good. He had everything what you need for a perfect player. He was explosive.
"My aim was for him to be more professional. He was professional, but there were small things what I wanted to give the player on his way to be one of the best players, to play for Liverpool or Bayern Munich.
"With his possibilities, it's not enough to play for Stoke. He can play for the biggest club in the world because of the talent he has. That's what I wanted.
"In this time I had him, we were like twins because I know what he thinks, I know what he wanted to do. But he also gave me everything what I wanted. When I say: 'You play left-back', he played there fantastic. When he played in the offense on the right side, he played fantastic.
"Everything [is there] for the perfect footballer. The only thing is: 'Can you make the next step, Xherdan?' If you want to play for Liverpool or Real Madrid, Bayern Munich or Man United, and you want to play every time -- not just be the man who sits on the bench -- you need more professionalism.
"Now he had it, what I heard, and it's important that he had a good coach and looked to him."
Liverpool's Xherdan Shaqiri celebrates putting his side 2-0 up against Fulham. Alex Livesey/Getty Images
In 2012, the sought-after Shaqiri left Basel at the age of 20 to join Bayern Munich, where he would face stiff competition in the form of Franck Ribery and Arjen Robben for regular game-time.
Liverpool made an approach to sign Shaqiri in 2014 but were blocked by the Bundesliga side. Shaqiri later joined Inter Milan in a six-month spell before ending up at Stoke in the summer of 2015.
"For me, I think it was a little bit too early to go to a big club," ex-Bayern defender Fink said. "It's normal, as a young player, that you need one step more. Bayern Munich had Ribery and Robben, and they couldn't let him out. Then Xherdan didn't have this patience that you need at this age.
"But I understand at this age of 19 or 20, you have to play because the best thing is to play, you need practice. At this time, he didn't have the right patience for this. Maybe another club was the right step for him, now like Stoke City and then he goes to Liverpool.
"Now he made the right step -- go to Stoke. He worked on his fitness I think and he plays with the same style as when he was 17. I like his style. He's a street footballer. Teams need more street footballers."
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25462
|
__label__wiki
| 0.672043
| 0.672043
|
The Budget Kabuki and Our Too-Broken Government
By Charles P. Pierce
There are days on which I feel very much like I could become one of those people who turns off the computer, unplugs the phone, cuts up the credit cards, buys some gold, runs into the woods with canned goods and a short-wave, and lives off whatever the lumber trucks killed last night on the highway. This is one of those days. On Thursday, in the House of Representatives, that half of the national legislature that currently has organized itself as a pre-school for Visigoths, we saw the latest chapter in an act of such naked ideology-drenched cynicism that I wonder if the whole system isn't utterly beyond hope.
On Thursday, the House, by a vote of 228-191, passed the "budget" concocted by Rep. Paul Ryan, the zombie-eyed granny-starver from Wisconsin. All 228 people who voted for the "budget" did so full in the knowledge that it will never become law. It never will pass the Senate, and this president never will sign it. That the "budget" exists at all is because, last year, those same House Republicans turned a routine raising of the debt ceiling into siege of Verdun. In an attempt to keep the government from being repossessed by the Chinese — you want the local sheriff showing up at, say, NORAD with a stack of boxes and some bolt cutters? — the Congress passed and the president signed the Budget Control Act of 2011, a silly-ass sucker's play that, in exchange for raising the debt ceiling, something Congress had done in its sleep for virtually the entire century, mandated a joint bipartisan Congressional committee to find $1.2 to $1.5 trillion dollars in cuts. If this committee failed to do so, then "triggers" would kick in that, through a process called "sequestration," would result in across the board spending cuts that would include a $55 billion cut in the defense budget. This latter was supposed to be the sword dangling about conservative lawmakers to concentrate their minds on negotiating in good faith. In fact, the White House quite openly bragged about what a fine deal it cut — neglecting to mention that fact that, had not one party completely lost its mind, nobody would have had to jerry-rig this doomed and useless system in the first place.
(Let's leave aside for the moment the fact that deficit-reduction ought not to be the desired end of all U.S. economic policy because, as the blog's basic economic theorem goes, Fk The Deficit. People Got No Jobs. People Got No Money. Democrats shouldn't make it their first priority, and the Republicans aren't really serious about it either, as demonstrated by their voting for the Ryan "budget," which would sent the deficit into orbit around Ganymede.)
Well, a lot of people, including someone looking very similar to me and wearing my socks, argued that the deal was preposterous. The Republicans left their "good faith" in the pocket of Howard Baker's overcoat 30 years ago. There was no possible way they would ever cooperate in an effort to reduce spending that protected in any way the programs the president wanted protected, because that might mean raising taxes on some rich guy somewhere at some time, and there was no possible way they ever would let those defense cuts kick in. By the end of March, Speaker of the House John Boehner already had announced that his caucus had no intention of honoring the deal. He did so in such a way as to guarantee that everyone watching would lose whatever faith they had left in our battered republic....
"We should never have had the sequester," Boehner told reporters at his weekly press availability Thursday. "I always thought that the Super Committee had a real chance to do good work, to produce savings so that the sequester wouldn't kick in. I think that the sequester will hurt our Department of Defense, will hurt our ability to do what Americans believe is our most basic responsibility, and that's to provide security for the American people.
That Boehner would cite the abandoned "Super Committee," a previous Rube Goldberg variation on the budget process that both Newt Gingrich and I thought was a terrible idea, as an excuse for reneging on the deal showed nothing if not the fact that The Weeper believes strongly in the proposition that the American people have the collective civic memory of a flea. The Super Committee, stupid idea that it was, collapsed because the Republicans refused to roll back the Bush-era tax cuts for the wealthiest Americans at the same time as the Democrats were offering up a "Grand Bargain" that included politically suicidal cuts to Medicare. That Boehner would use the failure of one phony gimmick as an excuse to why he was abandoning an agreement to abide by a subsequent phony gimmick was positively breathtaking in its raw dishonesty.
Which brings us to the "budget" passed on Thursday by the House. In addition to its being the nocturnal emission at the end of all those nights the teenage Paul Ryan spent playing circus tent under the covers with Atlas Shrugged, it is constructed specifically to avoid having to make the $55 billion in cuts to the defense department mandated by the debt ceiling deal, a committment, I would argue, that the Republicans never intended to honor, as is obvious from Boehner's statement last March. Rather than agree to those reductions, the Ryan "budget" does the following:
1) Cuts $83 billion in benefits to federal retirees.
2) Saves $49 billion in "capping" medical malpractice suits, the Dalkon Shield Protection Plan Of 2012.
3) Cuts $48 billion from Medicaid.
4) Cuts $36 billion from the food stamp program.
5) Drops approximately 300,000 children from school-lunch programs, and eliminates health-care coverage for just about as many.
This is not about Paul Ryan's dread of mounting deficits. This is about Paul Ryan's believing that the government has no role in providing the services listed above. (He does believe in national defense, though, which is why his hard-eyed cipherin' about how much money we're wasting feeding poor people goes all mushy when he starts talking about how defense spending should depend on "strategic" and not "budgetary" calculations. The man is a complete charlatan.) This is about ideology refining itself into a secular cult. And the Republicans have committed themselves to this cult so thoroughly that I half-expect to be accosted by a claque of chanting House Republicans in an airport some day.
(And don't be fooled by the fact that 10 Republicans voted against this brainlocked nonsense, either. To use only one example, Rep. Denny Rehberg, the blog's former favorite politician, is locked in a tight race for the U.S. Senate in Montana, and, on Thursday, used his vote against the Ryan plan to come out against, well, everything: From ending bailouts to reducing taxes, there are some good things in Congressman Ryan's plan, but I simply refuse to gamble with something as important as Medicare. After President Obama and his Congressional allies cut half a trillion dollars from Medicare to pay for their new health care programs, I promised Montana's seniors that any plan to change Medicare would need their support before it got mine. It was wrong when Democrats pushed through harmful changes to Medicare in 2009, and it's wrong for Republicans to try and do the same thing in 2012. Does this mean Denny Rehberg is in favor of maintaining Medicare in perpetuity in its current form? Stay tuned.)
So, in summation, we have one side reneging on a gimmicked-up agreement that was necessary because that side refused to perform a routine task of the Congress, and because it wouldn't take "yes" for an answer and walked out of a previous gimmicked-up agreement. One entire half of our political system has planted itself firmly on the position that it will do nothing to govern the country until it can do whatever it wants to do to govern the country. The "budget" will not pass the Senate, but it will live on as an inspiration to further obstinate vandalism over the next decade. The government today is a broken thing. I wonder what that is out in the breakdown lane? Mmmmmmm, possum!
(Photo Illustration by DonkeyHotey via Flickr/Special to The Politics Blog)
Charles P. Pierce Charles P Pierce is the author of four books, mostly recently Idiot America, and has been a working journalist since 1976.
More From Politics With Charles P. Pierce
John Paul Stevens Saw What Was Coming
The Officer's 'Misperception' of Eric Garner
All the Best People Are Getting Shipped Away
Politics With Charles P. Pierce
The New Adventures Of Old Paul Ryan
This is What Your Underwear Can Tell Us About the Economy
The Abortion Ministry of Dr. Willie Parker
Bitcoin Wound Up Being Just As Broken as the Corrupt Banking System It Was Trying to Kill
The Drugging of the American Boy
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25463
|
__label__wiki
| 0.581103
| 0.581103
|
FantasySites.com
Fantasy Sites and Restricted States
Although daily fantasy sports are exempt from federal anti-gaming laws, individual states are free to deem the activity legal or illegal. Some states have banned daily fantasy outright while others define “gambling” so broadly that fantasy sites are not willing to accept customers from those states.
The reason some fantasy websites accept customers from states that other site ban is because each site must determine its own level of risk and reward. Different opinions from each site’s legal team are also responsible for not all sites having the same list of restricted states. It can be a confusing mess, so we put together this chart to show which states are restricted by which fantasy sites.
We do our best to keep this chart up to date, but please feel free to contact us any time if you notice any errors.
FanDuel.com DraftKings.com Star Fantasy Leagues StarsDraft Yahoo Daily Fantasy
States Arizona
Washington Arizona
Washington Alabama
Washington All states restricted
New York Arizona
Yahoo Season Fantasy RealTime Daily
Canada (excluding Quebec) Puerto Rico
State by State Legislative Efforts
An increasing number of states are taking up the issue of daily fantasy sports. In 2015, the major daily fantasy sites put themselves on the radar with an advertising blitz executed in conjunction with the beginning of the NFL season. A number of state attorney generals decided to take a closer look and came out with decisions regarding the legality of DFS and whether or not the business model contradicts state gambling laws.
The major fantasy sites have since responded by sending lobbyists to various states with the goal being to defend their interests in the legal arena. Several states have banned DFS contests, others have introduced legislation to legalize the industry and many others have pending legislation that could pave the way for outright legalization.
The thing to remember is that state attorneys general do not create laws; they only enforce existing laws. Even if an attorney general appears hostile to daily fantasy sports, lawmakers in that state can still enact legislation to legalize the industry. So while things may seem bad in the short term, it is possible that an increasing number of states will in fact become friendlier to daily fantasy contests.
Our purpose with this page is to keep you up to date on legislative efforts across the United States. Below you will see short overviews of the legal situation in each state along with links to legislative efforts and pending bills.
In April of 2016, Alabama Attorney General Luther Strange issued an opinion stating that daily fantasy sports contests constitute illegal gambling under Alabama law. He then ordered DraftKings and FanDuel to exit the Alabama market by May 1st, 2016.
A pair of bills that seek to legalize DFS contests are currently making their way through the house and senate. These bills seek to establish the Fantasy Contests Act to regulate daily fantasy sports, provide consumer protections, provide civil penalties for violating the law and exempt fantasy contests from penalties associated with gambling activity.
AG Office Press Release
SB 114: Fantasy Contests Act
HB 56: Fantasy Contests Act
There’s not much to report in Alaska. The state attorney general there has issued no opinion on the legality of DFS and there is no pending legislation addressing the topic. Fantasy sports operators continue to operate in Alaska with no trouble at this time.
Arizona is one of a handful of states in which all DFS sites have refused to operate thanks to gaming laws with broad interpretations of what constitutes illegal gambling. Several bills have been introduced to legalize the industry, but so far none have made it into law.
The latest bill to be introduced into the AZ legislature is SB 1515. This bill would amend existing law to provide an exemption for daily fantasy sports. Tribal gaming interests argue that this bill would trigger a “poison pill” clause written into a gaming compact with the state. The poison pill states that if Arizona allows any expansion of gambling offered by non-tribal groups, the tribes would no longer be required to pay gaming taxes to the state (which total to roughly $100 million per year).
SB 1515 most recently failed in the Senate Rules committee by a vote of 2-5.
FantasySites.com Post
SB 1515 Current Status
Daily fantasy sports sites operate in Arkansas under the assumption that DFS is legal. Major DFS sites operate openly in Arkansas even though state law does say “if a person bets any money or any valuable thing on any game of hazard or skill, upon conviction he or she is guilty of a violation” and will be find as little as $10 or as much as $25. Even so, no state officials have come out against fantasy sites or prosecuted anyone for playing.
Nearly all DFS sites operate in California today. This could change at any time as the state is waiting for an opinion from Attorney General Kamala Harris. Meanwhile, a bill that seeks to regulate the industry is slowly making its way through state legislature. AB 1437 lays out a set of regulations designed to protect consumers, but it does not seek to legalize DFS. Instead, the bill will leave that determination up to the attorney general.
Several Californian tribes have expressed opposition to the bill and indicate they plan to fight it at every step. The bill has so far successfully passed three votes. Most recently, the bill made it through the Assembly Floor on a vote of 68-1.
AB 1437: Internet Fantasy Sports Game Protection Act
Vote History
Colorado is considered friendly to DFS sites at this time. Lawmakers have introduced one bill, HB16-1404, and it most recently passed a committee vote 9-4 on April 7, 2016. The bill has been referred to the Committee on Finance.
HB16-1404 will create an office of fantasy contests to oversee the industry and issue licenses to operators. The bill will require background checks, annual third party audits and provide penalties for operators that violate the law.
HB16-1404: Fantasy Contests Act
Denver Post Bill Overview
Connecticut legalized and regulated daily fantasy sports as a part of a budget passed by Governor Dannel Malloy on 31 October of 2017. The budget the governor approved included a section that formally legalized daily fantasy sports, assigned the job of issuing regulations to the Commissioner of Consumer Protection and established a licensing process for daily fantasy operators.
Budget and bill text
DFS sites operate freely in Delaware, but state lawmakers are expected to take up the issue soon. State Finance Secretary Tom Cook said that they are “analyzing the facts” and that it is a “complicated issue and I want to make sure we have all the facts before we make a decision.” There are no pending bills to report on at this time.
Florida is a tough market with a complicated legal situation, but the biggest DFS sites do operate there today. Last year, an investigation into daily fantasy threatened to singlehanded destroy the DFS industry altogether. Legal Sports report has a nice overview of that case here.
In other news, two bills to legalize and regulate daily fantasy sports have been introduced. HB 707 and SB 832 would exempt DFS contests from state anti-gambling laws and require sites to seek licenses before hosting real money games. These bills have made some progress since being introduced, but the future of DFS in Florida remains uncertain.
In 2016, the Georgia lottery asked the office of the attorney general for an opinion on the legality of daily fantasy sports. The AG office responded with a letter that said it is their opinion that DFS contests are not legal under Georgia law. The letter was not a formal opinion and therefore had no immediate impact on the ability of FanDuel and DraftKings to operate in the state, but it does indicate which way the state is leaning.
The good news for DFS players in Georgia is that there is a bill pending to legalize and regulate daily fantasy sports. SB 352 will offer a formal definition for legal DFS contests, require operators to apply for a license and adhere to regulations designed for consumer protection.
Hawaii has traditionally been opposed to anything that even resembles gambling, and this includes fantasy sports. The major operators stopped doing business in Hawaii after a local prosecutor sent cease-and-desist letters to FanDuel and DraftKings.
However, hope does remain for sports fans in Hawaii. Representatives introduced HB 1838 in January with the goal being to exempt DFS contests from the state’s definition of gambling. The bill also includes a set of standard consumer protection measures such as setting a minimum age of 18, preventing employees of DFS sites from sharing confidential information and more.
HB 1838: Fantasy Contests Act
In May of 2016, Idaho’s attorney general issued an opinion stating that daily fantasy contests constitute illegal gambling according to state law. The AG also struck a deal with FanDuel and DraftKings requiring them to exit the state immediately in return for not facing legal action.
Daily fantasy operators had a close call in Illinois this past Christmas. Attorney General Lisa Madigan opined that DFS contests violate state gaming laws and are illegal in Illinois. DraftKings and FanDuel immediately went to court and sued to allow them to continue operations until courts could decide the issue one way or another. DraftKings and FanDuel remain open for business in Illinois for now.
Illinois lawmakers have since introduced several bills that seek to legalize daily fantasy contests and institute “best practices” policies to regulate the industry.
com Post
SB 2193: Fantasy Contests Act
SB 2843: Amends the Riverboat Gambling Act
Indiana is one of the few states to have fully enacted legislation legalizing daily fantasy sports. Governor Mike Pence signed SB 339 into law in March of 2016. Under this bill, operators may apply for a license and must adhere to a variety of regulations such as setting a minimum age of 18 and preventing employees of fantasy sites from entering paid contests with entry fees greater than $5.
Iowa has long been considered “off limits” by most major fantasy sites due to unfavorable gaming laws. This may not be the case forever. Several pro-fantasy bills have been introduced in recent years. One of these to make progress is Iowa Senate File 166, originally introduced in 2015 and could go into effect as early as July 1, 2016.
More recently, Iowa lawmakers introduced Senate Study Bill 3181 in April of 2016. This bill proposes to legalize online fantasy sports contests and give the State Racing and Gaming Commission authority to regulate the industry.
Senate File 166
SSB 3181
Daily fantasy sports are explicitly legal in Kansas. Attorney General Derek Schmidt issued an opinion in 2015 declaring that fantasy sports do not violate Kansas gambling laws. That same year, the Kansas legislature passed HB 2155 to formally legalize DFS contests.
AG Opinion
Kentucky has never formally addressed the legality of daily fantasy sports. DFS sites operate in Kentucky under the assumption that the activity is legal. A proposal for a bill to legalize and regulate daily fantasy was submitted in March of 2016, but it does not yet contain any details.
Louisiana is one of five states that have been restricted by daily fantasy sports sites since the beginning. Back in 1991, the AG’s office issued an advisory opinion that declared fantasy sports leagues with real money prizes illegal. That opinion remains in effect to this day, and is the primary reason DFS sites avoid Louisiana.
State Representative Joe Lopinto introduced a bill to legalize fantasy sports in 2015. HB 475 sought to exempt fantasy sports from the state’s definition of gambling. The bill ultimately failed to pass. There are currently no active bills in Louisiana.
Maine has yet to address daily fantasy sports at all. Nearly all fantasy sites operate openly in Maine and none of them have faced any legal challenges to date. There are no pending bills to address the issue at this time.
In January 2016, the Maryland Attorney General’s office issued an advisory opinion stating that a 2012 bill addressing season-long fantasy contests was unclear regarding daily fantasy sports. The AG’s office then recommended the state legislature to take up the issue.
Two bills were introduced in the following month. Senate Bill 976 would legalize DFS contests and provide consumer protection regulations. House Bill 930 would move regulatory authority from the Comptroller to the Director of the Lottery and Gaming Control Agency.
The Massachusetts Attorney General set the tone for the fantasy sports debate when she proposed a set of regulations in November of 2015. Two months later, the Massachusetts Gaming Commission released a white paper detailing its vision of a regulated industry and asked the AG to issue an opinion regarding the legality of daily fantasy sports.
Although AG Healey has yet to issue that opinion, she finalized the proposed regulations in March of 2016. Fantasy sites were given until July 1, 2016 to comply with the regulations.
In 2015, the executive director of the Michigan Gaming Control Board said he believes daily fantasy sports contests violate state gaming laws. This was not a formal opinion and has had no impact on DFS sites in Michigan to date. Meanwhile, lawmakers have introduced a short bill that exempts fantasy sports contests from the state’s definition of gambling.
Minnesota is shaping up to be a DFS-friendly state. The state attorney general has no jurisdiction over fantasy sports or gambling and the Department of Public Safety has gone on record saying it has no reason to investigate fantasy sports websites. HF 2540 was introduced in March of 2016 and seeks to formally legalize DFS contests and enact regulations for consumer safety.
HF 2540
Fantasy sports are now legal in Mississippi. The state AG issued an opinion in January of 2016 that fantasy sports constitute illegal gambling. The major fantasy sites then exited Mississippi while lawmakers debated a legalization bill. Lawmakers came back with SB 2541, also called the Fantasy Contests Act.
The bill stipulates that fantasy sports sites will be authorized in Mississippi for a one-year period running from July 1st 2016 to July 1st 2017. During that period, the state will create a task force whose job it will be to consider more permanent regulations moving forward.
FantasySites.com Follow-Up Post
In his 2016 State of the State address, the Missouri governor called fantasy sports gambling and then later said we need to tax and regulate it if we’re going to legalize it. He sounds friendly to the idea, and lawmakers have responded with House Bill 1941 to legalize fantasy sports. That bill passed the legislature and was sent to the governor’s desk for his signature.
Montana is a rare case in that state law explicitly forbids playing in real money fantasy sports contests. Fantasy sites have long barred Monatana residents from signing up and playing. Unfortunately, it doesn’t look like this situation will change any time soon. A state representative introduced a bill in 2015 that would have legalized online fantasy games, but it later died in the chamber.
HB 181 (dead)
The legal status of fantasy sports remains unclear in Nebraska. State lawmakers seem mostly friendly to the idea of legalization although there is considerable opposition from the usual anti-gambling types. Senator Tyson Larson introduced Legislative Bill 862 in January of 2016, but that effort appears to have stalled.
The Nevada Gaming Control Board declared fantasy sports to be a form of gambling in 2015 and immediately required fantasy operators to acquire a sports pool license from the board or exit the state. No fantasy sites have applied for a sports betting license to date and residents of Nevada remain restricted from all the major fantasy sites. However, the governor has urged gaming regulators to consider other regulatory measures specifically for daily fantasy.
Nevada Gaming Control Board Statement
New Hampshire lawmakers have yet to address the DFS issue. Fantasy sites continue to operate in New Hampshire for now. There are no pending bills to report on at this time.
New Jersey Governor Chris Christie has his sights on legalizing traditional sports betting and DFS regulation has taken a back seat. Even so, Senator Jim Whelan introduced a bill in March of 2016 that would legalize and regulate daily fantasy sports if passed. The proposal includes a number of the usual regulations such as segregation of funds, preventing employees of DFS operators from sharing confidential information and more.
Fantasy sports remain in a legal grey area at this time in New Mexico. The major DFS sites still operate in New Mexico today, but their legal status is questionable. In early 2016, House Majority Leader Nate Gentry introduced HB 314 to legalize and regulate daily fantasy sports, but action on the bill has since been postponed indefinitely.
New York was at one point the state most hostile to daily fantasy sports. Attorney General Eric Schneiderman started things off by declaring DFS to be contrary to NY law and issuing a cease-and-desist order to FanDuel and DraftKings. The sites challenged the order in court, received the go-ahead to continue operating until the court could issue a ruling and then later pulled out again while lawmakers consider legalization bills.
In February of 2016, Senator John Bonacic introduced Senate Bill 6793 to legalize and regulate the industry. This bill was eventually combined with another bill and then passed into law in August of 2016. Daily Fantasy is now officially legal in New York state.
FantasySites.com First Post
Final Follow-up Post: DFS Legal in New York
No legal action has been taken in North Carolina and the major DFS sites remain open for business in the state today. When asked about the issue, Attorney General Roy Cooper said that he will only issue an opinion if a district attorney asks for one. So far, no opinions have been issued and no bills have been presented.
North Dakota has yet to take up the daily fantasy issue. The state attorney general has chosen to defer questions of legality to federal authorities. Federal law (specifically the UIGEA) grants fantasy sports contests an exemption from anti-gambling laws at the national level. North Dakota state law is unclear on the issue, but there are no pending bills to address the issue.
Add Ohio to the list of states that still need to tackle DFS. Lawmakers there have issued no opinion on the matter, but the state’s joint committee on gaming and wagering did promise to issue a public report on daily fantasy by the end of 2015. The year-end report failed to deliver anything beyond a passing mention of daily fantasy sports. Ohioans have access to DFS sites in the meantime.
Joint Committee on Gaming and Wagering 2015 Annual Report
Oklahoma lawmakers tried to pass two pieces of legislation in early 2016, but both were blocked by tribal opposition. Tribes there say that legalization of real money DFS contests is an expansion on gambling. Doing so interferes with compacts between the state and tribes regarding gambling.
Fantasy sports have not been addressed by Oregon lawmakers. Residents have access to all the major fantasy sites for now. In January of 2016, one Oregon resident filed a class action suit against FanDuel and DraftKings on behalf of himself and more than 100 other residents. The lawsuit alleges fantasy sports sites offer illegal sports gambling and give employees of sites an unfair advantage over the players.
One bill to regulate and license daily fantasy sites was introduced in 2015. Momentum on that effort has died down, but the bill is not yet officially dead. Lawmakers held a couple of years in 2015 and are still considering what to do next. Pennsylvania could go either way, but those hearings and the introduction of that bill last year indicate that lawmakers are at least open to considering the idea of regulation.
Rhode Island is definitely leaning towards legalization and regulation. In February of 2016, Attorney General Peter Kilmartin issued a letter of opinion stating that he believes fantasy sports do not constitute illegal gambling according to state law. That same letter from the AG also called for strict regulations to counter the “infiltration of the criminal element, youth participation, and addiction issues.”
Two bills were introduced in 2015. One of those called for a study while another called for regulations to be applied to the industry. The latter of those remains alive.
Daily fantasy sports are legal in South Carolina and there have been no real efforts to put an end to the industry in the state. Eighth Circuit Deputy Solicitor Warren Mowry told a local news station that “it’s legal until it’s declared otherwise. I have not heard of any groundswell against it in South Carolina. I’m not sure how much energy there is to do something about it.”
One bill was introduced into the senate in February of 2016. That bill seeks to officially legalize fantasy sports contests and apply consumer protection regulations.
No legislation is pending in South Dakota at this time and it is difficult to predict which way the state will go. Attorney General Marty Jackley released a statement in late 2015 in which he indicated that fantasy sports are not legal according to South Dakota law, but that it is not his “intent to seek felony indictments here in South Dakota absent a clearer directive from our state legislature. I will continue to consider other alternatives including potential civil remedies and National Attorney General joint action aimed at protecting the intent of our Constitutional and statutory provisions.”
Attorney General’s Press Release
In April of 2016, the TN attorney general issued an opinion stating that daily fantasy sports contests are illegal in Tennessee under current law. Later that same month, the Tennessee legislature passed a bill to legalize, regulate and tax the DFS industry and sent it to the governor’s desk for a signature.
The governor signed off on the “Fantasy Sports Act” later that same month. Tennessee is now one of the first states to have fully embraced, legalized and regulated online fantasy sports contests.
SB 2109 (Fantasy Sports Act)
FanDuel and DraftKings took a big hit in Texas in 2016. That year, the state attorney general issued an opinion stating that daily fantasy sports contests run afoul of state gambling laws. FanDuel reached an agreement with Attorney General Ken Paxton to leave the state and avoid legal action.
DraftKings decided to fight for the right to stay in Texas until the matter is resolved. FanDuel exited the state for two years, but reopened its contests to customers from Texas in August of 2018.
Texas Attorney General Statement
Utah is one of the staunchest anti-gaming states in the Union, but FanDuel, DraftKings and the other major sites continue to operate openly in Utah. Lawmakers there have yet to address daily fantasy sports and no legislation is pending at this time.
In January of 2016, a lawyer for the Vermont AG’s office stated that DFS contests violate state anti-gambling laws. The statement was not a formal opinion, but it did show which way the attorney general is leaning. In the meantime, a bill seeking to legalize and regulate fantasy sports has been slowly making its way through the legislature.
Virginia is now one of the most DFS-friendly states. Senate Bill 646 was introduced in January, made its way through the legislative process and was signed into law by Governor Terry McAuliffe. The bill requires a $50,000 registration fee from operators and employs a number of consumer protection measures such as preventing employees from participating, setting a minimum age of 18 and more.
Washington is one of the few states that most fantasy sites have avoided since the beginning. The state has some of the toughest anti-gaming laws on the books and operators are steering clear for now. Three different bills were introduced in 2016 but none of them made any progress.
One bill sought to exempt season-long leagues with 50 players or fewer and an entry fee of $50 or less from current gambling laws. A second sought to make it a Class C felony to participate in fantasy sports games. The third bill sought to actually legalize and regulate the industry in a manner that most fantasy sites would probably see as acceptable. In any case, we’ll have to wait until the next legislative season to see how things shape up in Washington.
West Virginia appears to favor the regulatory approach over prohibition. A bill introduced in February of 2016 seeks to exempt DFS contests from the state’s definition of gambling. That bill made it through a Senate vote earlier this year but is still waiting to go to the House of Delegates for a vote.
Representative Tyler Vorpagel introduced a bill in January of 2016 that exempts fantasy sports contests from the state’s definition of illegal gambling as long as those contests meet the UIGEA-compliant definition of DFS contests. This bill is still pending.
Assembly Bill 800
Wyoming has taken absolutely no action on daily fantasy sports. Neither the state attorney general’s office nor lawmakers have even addressed the issue. Until something changes, residents have access to all the online fantasy sports they can handle.
Copyright © 2000 - 2019 Contact Us | Responsible Gambling: 18+ | BeGambleAware | GamCare
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25466
|
__label__wiki
| 0.929095
| 0.929095
|
Miniature Tractor Masterpieces
An Iowa man returns to an old hobby of building museum-quality miniature tractors and implements by hand.
By J.O. Parker
This miniature display depicts a typical farm shop, where an Allis-Chalmers Model WC is torn down for repair — complete with life-like tools.
Photo by J.O. Parker
A display of miniatures created by Beryl. From left to right: a gravity flow box, a New Idea manure spreader, an Artsway feed grinder, a Cockshutt 35 and an Allis-Chalmers road grader.
A trio of four-wheel-drive articulated drive dual-wheel tractors. Left to right: a John Deere 8030, a Ford and an Allis-Chalmers 440.
Beryl’s hand-built replica of a Sargent dragline crane shows the engine in detail.
A miniature replica of a Kelly-Springfield self-propelled road roller.
Beryl’s John Deere MC crawler. The tools of Beryl’s trade include small knives with snap-off blades, needle-nose pliers and a full line of woodworking tools.
Beryl’s interpretation of a farmer-built modification of dual Farmall H tractors.
Beryl’s display of early John Deere tractors starts at the beginning with a Waterloo Boy (left).
This display shows a New Idea hay loader being used to load hay on a horse-drawn wagon. Beryl Buffington uses various plastics in creating his handmade tractors and implements.
Beryl hand-built this Claas Lexion 770 self-propelled combine.
A full-size version of this International Harvester haybine would have been used to rake hay into rows.
Beryl’s pair of four-wheel-drive articulated dual-wheel tractors: Big Bud HN 320 (left) and an International 9350.
This set of tractors includes an Oliver Super 88, Oliver 1650 with a front-mounted cultivator and a Massey-Harris Pony.
The full-size version of this International Harvester threshing machine with a Hart Cleaner would have been powered by a steam engine.
Beryl spent about three weeks crafting this Gaar-Scott 20-30 steam engine.
Beryl Buffington.
Growing up on a farm in the northern Iowa community of Woden, Beryl Buffington learned at an early age how to make his own toys and keep himself entertained.
“I had a little section of ground behind our house that I turned into a play farm,” recalls Beryl, now 75. “I would cut down little twigs and branches and make fence posts and use a piece of wire for the fencing.”
When a neighbor or friend passed along an old toy tractor, Beryl – one of 10 kids in his family – designed a little trailer or wagon to pull behind it using things he found on the farm. “I remember finding a rolled-up piece of tin that looked like a spout on a corn picker,” he says. “I would improvise from there.”
Those toys of his childhood are long gone, but Beryl’s imagination remains as active today as it was years ago. Now retired, in recent years he’s built nearly 200 miniature tractors, farm implements and steam engines that could find a home in any museum.
“You look at things different than other people do,” Beryl says of his hobby. “I’ve always been that way.”
Work puts hobby on hold
Born in Crystal Lake, Iowa, Beryl spent most of his life in nearby Woden, where he went to high school, married and, with his wife, Sharon, raised two daughters. His first job was working for his father-in-law at the Woden hardware store. He landed the job after his brother-in-law went into the military during the Vietnam era.
“After my brother-in-law returned from the service, a good friend in the lumber business asked me to go to work for him,” Beryl says. He spent 20 years working at Woden Lumber Co., and then managed a lumberyard in Garner, Iowa. After 13 years there, he purchased the Britt lumberyard, a business he owned for 10 years.
In the late 1990s, Beryl rekindled his creative spirit. He started making miniature tractors and other farm implements in his spare time, his first creations since boyhood. “After I bought the lumberyard in Britt, I had time to pursue building the miniatures,” he says. “When I worked for someone else, I didn’t have time.”
In 2007, Beryl sold the business and retired. An auction was held and all the miniatures he had created were sold. Later, Beryl returned to his hobby as a way to keep his mind active. He turned his basement into a workshop and display area and started building miniatures again.
Ten years later, Beryl finds himself in a small world, surrounded by dozens of detailed miniatures, including 125 farm-related pieces. His creations include Waterloo Boy, Oliver, Farmall, Allis-Chalmers, Massey-Harris and Cockshutt tractors. His collection also features several four-wheel-drive articulated dual-wheel tractors, including the Big Bud HN 320, John Deere, Ford and International giants.
His miniature collection even has a custom-built frame with two Farmall H tractors mounted on it. “Farmall didn’t build this dual tractor,” he said. “It’s something a farmer would build for himself.”
The variety of subjects Beryl has tackled is astonishing: a Claas Lexion 730 combine, a New Idea hay loader with horse-drawn wagon, a Kelly-Springfield self-propelled road roller, an International Harvester threshing machine complete with a Hart Cleaner, an Artsway feed grinder and an International haybine that would have been used to rake the hay into rows. He’s also crafted a replica of a dragline crane and various pieces of earthmoving equipment.
One of Beryl’s current projects is a John Deere 3010, a popular row-crop tractor in Deere’s New Generation Series built from 1961-63. “I try to focus on my life span,” he says. “I create things that I would have grown up with or been familiar with.”
Beryl is quick to note that his creations are miniatures, not toys. “I have always been fascinated by miniatures,” he says. “I don’t think of them as toys. They are all built from scrap material.”
Keeping it in proportion
Beryl gets ideas for projects from magazines like Farm Collector. Sometimes he’s inspired by something he sees when he’s travelling or doing errands. Sometimes friends suggest a project.
After he settles on a project, Beryl looks for pictures of the piece online. Pictures taken from different angles are a definite plus. “To build a miniature, I need front, back, left and right angles,” he says. “On some implements, I have to get creative where clutches or levers go. It takes a lot of imagination.”
None of his miniatures are scale models. Everything is crafted by proportion. “Once you build a tractor, like a John Deere A,” he explains, “it is close to a Farmall H or some other type of tractor.”
Scavenging for materials
Beryl uses varied materials, primarily plastics. “Some of the plastics come from advertising signage I have had access to from various material suppliers my lumber company did business with,” he says. He also puts slats from vertical window blinds to work. “Most of them are thin, malleable and strong,” he says.
He even uses pieces of siding from construction sites to craft his creations. “Plastics are easier to work with than wood,” he says. The main factor in material selection is the material’s capacity to bond using Super Glue. His glue of choice is Loctite industrial glue.
Beryl is careful to use correct colors, and he uses a computer to produce his own decals. After printing the decals on regular white copy paper, he coats them several times with acrylic spray. “Once the decal dries, it has a nice finish, almost a luminous finish,” Beryl said. “It looks like I bought them at the store.”
Some pieces are complete in several days of work. More complex creations take as long as three weeks. “I have a Gaar-Scott 20-30 steam engine that took two to three weeks to build,” he says. “Some of the simpler miniatures will take a week.”
Beryl does not limit himself to farm implements. After his sister gave him a team of miniature horses formed from cast iron, he built a replica of the Budweiser wagon complete with 60 beer kegs. He’s also crafted a circus train filled with wild animals he’s purchased.
Other projects include miniature airplanes and a pool table complete with pool balls and cues. “The pool table has genuine felt on it,” he says, “and a Budweiser light.” He’s also been inspired by music: He’s built a miniature drum and guitar set, a grand piano, a juke box and horse-drawn sleigh that plays Jingle Bells.
Beryl also enjoys model railroads. He’s created various backgrounds – towns, cities and mountains – for a 400-foot HO-scale model railroad track layout.
Keeping his mind active
None of Beryl’s miniature creations are for sale, and each is special to him. “One day this one is my favorite and the next day it might be another,” he says. “I can tell a story about everything I’ve built.”
But he is happy to show them off. He enjoys giving tours of his miniatures to friends or visitors passing through the area. “People find out about it,” he says. “We’ve had a fair amount of people through. People will see the miniatures and reflect on the old days.”
It’s a hobby he enjoys, and one that he says helps him keep his mind active. “I’m like a dog,” he says. “Once I get hold of a bone, I have to pursue it.” FC
For more information, contact Beryl Buffington at P.O. Box 111, Woden, IA 50484.
Freelance writer J.O. Parker has extensive experience as a community newspaper editor and photographer. He enjoys telling people’s stories through photographs and words, attending steam engine shows and antique collecting with his wife, Debbie. Email him at goodthingsJO@zumatel.net.
How fantastic!! As a Farm Museum in Fort Langley BC, preserving pioneer and farming heritage, we appreciate the meticulous attention to detail of Mr. Buffington's creations.
The Calf Path
Low-Profile Canadian IH Crawlers
How Old is This Associated Engine?
Binding Flax in the 1930s
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25467
|
__label__wiki
| 0.634142
| 0.634142
|
How Tech Companies Can Engage Their Users In Human Rights Issues
When every single user is at risk for having their human rights violated, how is a tech company supposed to respond?
[Illustrations: Vira Mylyan-Monastyrska via Shutterstock]
By Ariel Schwartz 1 minute Read
The UN’s Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights directs companies to engage with “rights holders” on human rights issues as part of their due diligence. That sounds straightforward enough, but for tech companies like Google and Facebook that have billions of users, it’s not so simple. Every single user is a rights holder, since their human rights could be at risk simply by using the product (i.e., if a national government requests personal data).
That’s the quandary discussed in a new paper written by the nonprofit sustainable business network BSR and funded by Microsoft’s Technology and Human Rights Center.
“One of the key points is the importance of engaging with a wide variety of different audiences. In many ways, there aren’t always right or wrong decisions, but there are well-informed and ill-informed decisions,” says Dunstan Allison-Hope, co-author of the paper and managing director of advisory services at BSR.
The paper doesn’t include any case studies since human rights projects are often undertaken in confidence. But BSR does offer up eight principles for engagement with rights holders, including being timely, inclusive to vulnerable groups, focused on relevant rights issues, and committed to safety of participants. Companies also need to make sure that they include relevant intermediary stakeholders in their human rights discussions–that is, local community members who can best represent their community’s needs.
One of the biggest challenges for tech companies, says Allison-Hope, is in disclosing the results of their human rights due diligence (one of the UN”s Guiding Principles). “Some of this is just newness. There’s an element of caution there as a result. Some of it is commercial confidentiality. You often undertake human rights assessments prior to major business decisions. Another reason is wanting to keep certain discussions behind the scenes to maintain leverage,” he says.
Allison-Hope believes that human rights issues can only be undertaken successfully when human rights groups and tech companies come together. ” “It’s about making sure the right people are at the table,” adds Allison-Hope. “It’s easy to restrict discussions to people in policy and legal. In the tech industry, there are also engineering and product issues, so it’s about bringing engineers, technicians, and product people to the table.”
Ariel Schwartz is a Senior Editor at Co.Exist. She has contributed to SF Weekly, Popular Science, Inhabitat, Greenbiz, NBC Bay Area, GOOD Magazine and more
Ideas Newsletter
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25468
|
__label__wiki
| 0.674088
| 0.674088
|
Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Montana; Revisions to Administrative Rules of Montana
A Proposed Rule by the Environmental Protection Agency on 07/08/2019
Written comments must be received on or before August 7, 2019.
EPA-R08-OAR-2019-0326
FRL-9995-94-Region 8
Supporting/Related Materials:
MT Permit Appeals SIP Clarification June 26 2019
Email from State of Montana to the EPA_September 30 2016
Submittal_MT PermitAppeals_February 23 2017
II. Analysis of State Submittal
III. The EPA's Proposed Action
IV. Incorporation by Reference
V. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
Proposed rule.
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is proposing to approve State Implementation Plan (SIP) revisions submitted by the State of Montana on February 23, 2017. The revisions are to the Administrative Rules of Montana (ARM) open burning and permitting regulations to align the ARM with the current Montana Code Annotated (MCA) procedures for appealing a permit and requesting a hearing. The EPA is taking this action pursuant to the Clean Air Act (CAA).
Submit your comments, identified by Docket ID No. EPA-R08-OAR-2019-0326, to the Federal Rulemaking Portal: https://www.regulations.gov. Follow the online instructions for submitting comments. Once submitted, comments cannot be edited or removed from www.regulations.gov. The EPA may publish any comment received to its public docket. Do not submit electronically any information you consider to be Confidential Business Information (CBI) or other information whose disclosure is restricted by statute. Multimedia submissions (audio, video, etc.) must be accompanied by a written comment. The written comment is considered the official comment and Start Printed Page 32362should include discussion of all points you wish to make. The EPA will generally not consider comments or comment contents located outside of the primary submission (i.e., on the web, cloud, or other file sharing system). For additional submission methods, the full EPA public comment policy, information about CBI or multimedia submissions, and general guidance on making effective comments, please visit http://www2.epa.gov/dockets/commenting-epa-dockets.
Docket: All documents in the docket are listed in the www.regulations.gov index. Although listed in the index, some information is not publicly available, e.g., CBI or other information whose disclosure is restricted by statute. Certain other material, such as copyrighted material, will be publicly available only in hard copy. Publicly available docket materials are available either electronically in www.regulations.gov or in hard copy at the Air and Radiation Division, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Region 8, 1595 Wynkoop Street, Denver, Colorado 80202-1129. The EPA requests that if at all possible, you contact the individual listed in the FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT section to view the hard copy of the docket. You may view the hard copy of the docket Monday through Friday, 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m., excluding federal holidays.
Jaslyn Dobrahner, Air and Radiation Division, EPA, Region 8, Mailcode 8ARD-QP, 1595 Wynkoop Street, Denver, Colorado 80202-1129, (303) 312-6252, dobrahner.jaslyn@epa.gov.
On February 23, 2017, the State of Montana submitted a SIP revision containing amendments to open burning and permitting regulations in the ARM at 17.8.610, Major Open Burning Source Restrictions; 17.8.612, Conditional Air Quality Open Burning Permits; 17.8.613, Christmas Tree Waste Open Burning Permits; 17.8.614, Commercial Film Production Open Burning Permits; 17.8.615, Firefighter Training; and 17.8.749, Conditions for Issuance or Denial of Permit.[1] The amendments: (1) Add references to sections 75-2-211, Permits for Construction, Installation, Alteration, or Use and 75-2-213, Energy Development Project—Hearing and Procedures of the MCA pertaining to the process for appealing air quality permits, including requesting a hearing; (2) remove duplicative language in the ARM; and (3) and make minor editorial changes. The Montana Board of Environmental Review adopted the amendments on June 3, 2016 (effective July 9, 2016).
We evaluated Montana's February 23, 2017, submittal regarding amendments to the State's ARM. The amendments to ARM 17.8.610(3), 17.8.612(10) and (11), 17.8.613(8) and (9), 17.8.614(8) and (9), and 17.8.615(6) and (7) incorporate by reference section 75-2-211 of the MCA pertaining to the permit appeals process, including requesting a hearing. These statutes provide as follows:
That a person who is directly and adversely affected by the issuance or denial of a permit may request a hearing within 15 days after the state renders a decision;
that a request for hearing does not stay the state's decision on an application unless the board orders a stay; and
an affidavit supporting the request for hearing must be filed within 30 days after the issuance or denial of a permit.
The revisions also remove corresponding duplicative language between the ARM and MCA and make editorial changes.
The language in the revisions to 17.8.610, 17.8.612, 17.8.613, 17.8.614, and 17.8.615 referencing 75-2-211, MCA, is equivalent to the language being removed from these sections of the ARM except for 17.8.610. According to the State,[2] 17.8.610 had not been updated during the last State revision in 2011, whereas 17.8.612, 17.8.613, 17.8.614, and 17.8.615 had been amended by the State and subsequently approved into the SIP on August 20, 2015.[3] The revisions to 17.8.610 in the February 23, 2017, submittal are identical to the revisions we approved in our August 20, 2015 rulemaking to 17.8.612, 17.8.613, 17.8.614, and 17.8.615 in that they require a hearing request affidavit to be filed within 30 days after the department renders a decision, remove an automatic stay of the department's decision to issue a permit upon a permit appeal, and add conditions and procedures for when the board may order a stay.
We are proposing to approve the revisions in ARM 17.8.610(3), 17.8.612(10) and (11), 17.8.613(8) and (9), 17.8.614(8) and (9), and 17.8.615(6) and (7) because these revisions are either equivalent to the current federally-approved SIP (for 17.8.612, 17.8.613, 17.8.614, 17.8.615) or have been previously approved into the SIP in similar sections (for 17.8.610). In both instances, we previously determined that the revisions do not conflict with the CAA.[4]
The amendments to ARM 17.8.749(7) incorporate by reference section 75-2-213 of the MCA pertaining to the hearing and appeals procedures for permit applicants of energy development projects. The permit appeals procedures in 75-2-213 pertain to air quality permit decisions on energy development projects that differ from the general procedures described in 75-2-211, MCA. Specifically, the statutes proposed for approval within 75-2-213, MCA allow a permit applicant the following hearing procedures:
The applicant may request a hearing within 30 days after the department renders a decision;
a request for hearing must be limited to those issues presented to the state during the public comment period unless the issue is related to a material change in federal or state law made during the public comment period, to a judicial decision issued after the comment period, or to a material change to the draft permit finalized after an opportunity for comment;
an affidavit supporting the request must be filed with the request for a hearing; and
the applicant may, by filing a written election to the board within 15 days of receipt of request for hearing, elect a hearing before the board or have the matter submitted directly to the district court for judicial review.
The revisions also make a minor editorial change.
An important consideration before the EPA approves programs under the CAA is that the state must provide the same opportunity for judicial review of the air permitting actions in state court as would be available in federal court. The proposed revisions to 17.8.749, to incorporate the applicable statutes in 75-2-213, MCA, are in accordance with CAA sections 307(b) and 307(d)(7)(B) which provide for the judicial review of an air quality action and limits objections to an action to those that were raised with reasonable specificity during the public comment period, respectively. Additionally, if the Administrator refuses to convene a proceeding, a person may seek review in Start Printed Page 32363the United States court of appeals.[5] Similarly, 75-2-213, MCA provides permit applicants with the election to have the matter proceed to hearing before the state board or to have the matter submitted directly to the district court for judicial review. We therefore conclude that the revisions do not conflict with CAA requirements for judicial review of air permitting actions and propose to approve the revisions to 17.8.749.
In this action, the EPA is proposing to approve SIP amendments to Administrative Rules of Montana, shown in Table 1, submitted by the State of Montana on February 23, 2017.
Table 1—List of Montana Amendments That the EPA Is Proposing To Approve
Amended Sections in the February 23, 2017 Submittal Proposed for Approval
17.8.610(3), 17.8.612(10) and (11), 17.8.613(8) and (9), 17.8.614(8) and (9), 17.8.615(6) and (7), 17.8.749(7).
In this document, the EPA is proposing to include regulatory text in a final EPA rule that includes incorporation by reference. In accordance with requirements of 1 CFR 51.5, the EPA is proposing to incorporate by reference the amendments described in section III. The EPA has made, and will continue to make, these materials generally available through www.regulations.gov and at the EPA Region 8 Office (please contact the person identified in the FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT section of this preamble for more information).
Under the CAA, the Administrator is required to approve a SIP submission that complies with the provisions of the Act and applicable federal regulations. 42 U.S.C. 7410(k); 40 CFR 52.02(a). Thus, in reviewing SIP submissions, the EPA's role is to approve state choices, provided that they meet the criteria of the CAA. Accordingly, this action merely proposes to approve state law as meeting federal requirements and does not impose additional requirements beyond those imposed by state law. For that reason, this action:
Is not a “significant regulatory action” subject to review by the Office of Management and Budget under Executive Orders 12866 (58 FR 51735, October 4, 1993) and 13563 (76 FR 3821, January 21, 2011);
Is not an Executive Order 13771 (82 FR 9339, February 2, 2017) regulatory action because SIP approvals are exempted under Executive Order 12866;
Does not impose an information collection burden under the provisions of the Paperwork Reduction Act (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.);
Is certified as not having a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities under the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.);
Does not contain any unfunded mandate or significantly or uniquely affect small governments, as described in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (Public Law 104-4);
Does not have federalism implications as specified in Executive Order 13132 (64 FR 43255, August 10, 1999);
Is not an economically significant regulatory action based on health or safety risks subject to Executive Order 13045 (62 FR 19885, April 23, 1997);
Is not a significant regulatory action subject to Executive Order 13211 (66 FR 28355, May 22, 2001);
Is not subject to requirements of section 12(d) of the National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act of 1995 (15 U.S.C. 272 note) because application of those requirements would be inconsistent with the CAA; and
Does not provide the EPA with the discretionary authority to address, as appropriate, disproportionate human health or environmental effects, using practicable and legally permissible methods, under Executive Order 12898 (59 FR 7629, February 16, 1994).
In addition, the SIP is not approved to apply on any Indian reservation land or in any other area where the EPA or an Indian tribe has demonstrated that a tribe has jurisdiction. In those areas of Indian country, the proposed rule does not have tribal implications and will not impose substantial direct costs on tribal governments or preempt tribal law as specified by Executive Order 13175 (65 FR 67249, November 9, 2000).
Reporting and recordkeeping requirements
End List of Subjects Start Authority
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.
End Authority Start Signature
Gregory Sopkin,
Regional Administrator, EPA Region 8.
1. The February 23, 2017, submittal also included revisions to 17.8.1210, General Requirements for Air Quality Operating Permit Content. However, the state does not want us to act on 17.8.1210, because it is not part of the federal SIP. (Memorandum from State of Montana to the EPA (June 26, 2019)).
Back to Citation
2. Email from State of Montana to the EPA (September 30, 2016).
3. 80 FR 50582 (August 20, 2015).
4. 80 FR 30987 (June 1, 2015).
5. CAA 307(d)(7)(B).
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25470
|
__label__wiki
| 0.701181
| 0.701181
|
The Latest News from the page to the screen.
marvel movie
Michael Christine
movie, comic movie, marvel movie
Third GUARDIANS OF THE GALAXY Movie Confirmed by GUNN
Writer/director James Gunn has confirmed that there will be a third Guardians of the Galaxy film. The writer/director had previously been on the fence about a third film and even his involvement in it, but in a new interview with Complex the 46-year-old filmmaker said he and Marvel have agreed and are "trying to figure it out" in the next few weeks.
"There will be a Guardians 3, that's for sure. We're trying to figure it out," said Gunn. "I'm trying to figure out what I want to do really, that's all it is. I got to figure out where I want to be, what I want to spend the next three years of my life doing. You know, I'm going to make another big movie; is it the Guardians or something else? I'm just going to figure it out over the next couple of weeks."
Gunn is currently out promoting the new film The Belko Experiment, which he wrote and produced for MGM.
Source: http://www.newsarama.com/33602-third-guardians-of-the-galaxy-movie-confirmed-by-gunn.html
Tagged: movie, marvel, guardians, groot, rocket
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25473
|
__label__cc
| 0.567515
| 0.432485
|
Kremlin Watch Briefing: Lies travel fast
In recent months, our team has been trying to enhance and adjust our weekly newsletter to better accommodate the needs and wishes of our readers. In order to evaluate our effort, we would like to kindly ask you to fill out this questionnaire. Filling it out will not take more than 10 minutes and the results will tell us if there is something that could still be improved and which parts of our product are useful for you.
Thank you very much in advance,
The Kremlin Watch team
Social media companies should have national offices in order to better understand local environments and norms. This would prevent their making mistakes while working to avert the spread of disinformation and hate speech on their platforms.
A new groundbreaking study about fake news on Twitter reveals that lies spread remarkably faster than truth, reach more people, and penetrate deeper into the social network. Perhaps most notably of all, the study finds that humans as opposed to bots are primarily responsible for this trend.
Europe as presented on Russian TV: horrifying, dangerous, terrorist attacks daily, in economic decline.
Why do KGB agents always work in groups of 3? One can read, another can write, and the last one serves to keep an eye on the two intellectuals.
To remove or not?
Social media companies, sometimes pressured by national governments and other times out of a voluntary sense of social responsibility, are trying to tackle the problem of disinformation and hate speech in their content. A few days ago, Facebook removeda video posted by János Lázár, the chief of staff of Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán. In that video, he says that there are no “white Christians” left in some Viennese neighbourhoods and that Budapest might end up the same way. Facebook explained that the video violated community standards, but reversed its decision and allowed the video to gain traction just a few hours later, allegedly because it was “newsworthy”.
This VICE News article provides several viewpoints on the pros and cons of social media activities over recent months, with a special emphasis on the lack of clear definitions for hate speech and accompanying lack of transparency in decisions to remove questionable content. The article also quotes European Values Director Jakub Janda: “Again, we can see one of the core problems Facebook has: It doesn’t have national offices that would understand the local environment and norms, so they often make mistakes.”
How do the French plan on tackling disinformation?
The French government is working on drafting the new bill that will address disinformation in the media, especially during the pre-election period. Le Mondereports new details about what has been included in the draft so far. Apart from the new option for the government to request a court order in real time to remove disinformation during elections and added pressure on social media companies to report and flag disinformation, it also forces these tech firms to disclose funding of election-related content and permits the suspension of foreign state-controlled broadcasting during elections.
“Sleeper agents” in the West
Victor Madeira, senior fellow at The Institute for Statecraft, testified before the UK’s House of Commons Defence Committee about the numbers and modus operandi of “sleeper agents” posted in Britain and the US by the Russian Federation. According to Madeira, there are likely many more of them than during the Cold War, especially because travelling internationally is very easy nowadays. These agents or so-called “illegals”, often deployed by competing Russian intelligence agencies, usually live unremarkable and ordinary lives under false foreign identities. After their activation, they are usually tasked with collecting intelligence from people “on the edge of power.”
From the biggest-ever study of fake news: lies spread faster than truth
This is the conclusion of an unprecedented and groundbreaking new study published by the journal Science: on social media, truth almost always loses out to falsehoods, which enjoy greater audience reach and faster spread. The study analyzed every major contested news story throughout the entirety of Twitter’s existence, totaling 126,000 stories tweeted by 3 million users over 10 years (2006-2016). The Atlantic writes that “by every common metric, falsehood consistently dominates the truth on Twitter […] Fake news and false rumors reach more people, penetrate deeper into the social network, and spread much faster than accurate stories.”
Other findings include:
A fake story is far more likely to go viral than a real story.
On average, a fake story reaches 1,500 people six times quicker than a real one. Fake stories outperform the truth on every subject (including business, terrorism and war, science and technology, and entertainment), but fake news about politics consistently does the best.
And, perhaps most notably of all, fake news flourishes because humans, not bots, are more likely to spread it. (Twitter bots amplified true stories as much as they did false ones.)
Predictably, the study’s results have elicited alarm from social scientists. In another piece for Science, 16 experts write, “We must redesign our information ecosystem in the 21st century” and ask, “How can we create a news ecosystem […] that values and promotes truth?” They also call for interdisciplinary research “to reduce the spread of fake news and to address the underlying pathologies it has revealed.”
More fodder for the trolls – the GMO debate
Mother Jones reports the findings of a study that reveals how Russian news outlets exploited the debate over genetically modified foods in the US. While the majority of scientists have deemed GMOs safe for human consumption, many Americans don’t agree – a 2015 poll found that 57% of the US public considers GMOs unsafe to eat. Wanting to understand the root causes of these attitudes, the researchers analyzed articles containing references to GMOs from news outlets across the US political spectrum (Breitbart, Fox, CNN, HuffPost, and MSNBC), as well as RT and Sputnik. They found that the two Russian sites produced more content on GMOs than all the other outlets combined.
In contrast to US coverage of GMOs, which was more balanced, RT and Sputnik consistently portrayed them in negative terms. Furthermore, most of the Russian stories with ‘GMO’ in the title served the purpose of clickbait and had nothing to do with the topics of genetic engineering or agriculture. An article posted on RT led readers to a link titled “READ MORE: GMO mosquitos could be cause of Zika outbreak, critics say.” (This conspiracy theory has been debunked.)
Source: Iowa State University
While GMOs are controversial in the US, they are not a source of political polarization in the same way as other topics Russian media and trolls exploit (e.g., race, gun reform, etc.). In this case, the anti-GMO coverage is likely driven by Russia’s established opposition to GMOs and the fact that they are a predominantly American agricultural innovation. After all, the Kremlin couldn’t possibly condone support for an American accomplishment!
Putin ‘doesn’t care’ about Russia’s election meddling
The Russian president continues dismissing accusations of Russia’s meddling in the US election. Most recently, in an interview with NBC’s Megyn Kelly, Mr. Putin claimed he “couldn’t care less” about the charges resulting from Mueller’s special investigation: “So what if they’re Russians? There are 146 million Russians. So what? […] I don’t care. I couldn’t care less. […] They do not represent the interests of the Russian state.”
Then, taking (im)plausible deniability to new heights, he said he wanted to see hard evidence of Russian involvement – as if the Mueller indictment weren’t exactly that! “At least send us a piece of paper,” he told Kelly. “Give us a document. Give us an official request. And we’ll take a look at it.”
Well then!
Putin gets the attention he wanted
Last week we wrote about Putin’s pompous presentation of new weaponry, which RT called “cutting-edge weapons systems”. Putin ended his announcement speech by saying, “Nobody wanted to talk to us about the root of the problem. Nobody listened to us; so listen now!” Later, Russian media and Putin himself tried to tone this rhetoric down a bit, stating that Russia isn’t initiating a new arms race but is “calling for peace and talks”. Nota bene, this is so Russian: announcing a new-age destruction weapon but claiming to want peace talks!
Let’s be honest, Putin wanted Western countries to approach to him and negotiate terms acceptable for Russia. Even more so, he wanted to inspire fear of Russia and its new weaponry. While reasonable voices pointed out the bravado of the display, some leaders in the West quickly gave Putin exactly the validation he wanted.
RT happily shared a letter signed by US Senators that called for urgently engaging with Russia. “A US-Russia Strategic Dialogue is more urgent following President Putin’s public address on March 1st when he referred to several new nuclear weapons Russia is reportedly developing, including a cruise missile and a nuclear underwater drone… the United States should urgently engage with Russia to avoid miscalculation and reduce the likelihood of conflict”, says the letter. Of course, trying not to look too pleased that someone else was doing RT’s job of reiterating the Kremlin’s narratives, RT criticized the authors of the letter for failing to list American shortcomings. Nevertheless, Kremlin media outlets eagerly promote every single speech that fits the Kremlin’s intentions: now you come and talk to us but on our terms.
Image of the EU and Eastern Partnership countries on Russian TV
Our reading suggestion this week is an analysis by the Ukraine Crisis Media Center, offering numerous interesting facts about the current state of Russian TV and, most importantly, about how EU and Eastern Partnership countries are depicted in its coverage. The authors point out that TV is the main instrument of public opinion formation in Russia. The average daily time of individual TV viewership in Russia is more than 4 hours, and since international events constitute an abnormally large share of Russian news programs, the impact on the public’s views of foreign countries is significant. Through analyzing the top Russian TV channels for three and a half years, the authors compiled a list of key narratives about EU and EaP countries, which, unsurprisingly, are not very flattering.
Europe is consistently portrayed as a horrifying place, where dangers come unexpectedly but constantly from different sides. Terrorist attacks are happening on a daily basis, millions of refugees are displacing locals, and the sanctions against Russia (imposed by the United States and beneficial only there) are badly hurting the European economy. Moreover, Europe is allegedly falling apart, and Russia has to be aggressive in ensuring that Europe does not impose its perverted values within the country. Take a look to find out more!
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25474
|
__label__wiki
| 0.605291
| 0.605291
|
Kremlin Watch Briefing: “Normal course of diplomacy” between the United States and Russia?
“Normal course of diplomacy”: The Trump administration has scheduled talks to be held in late January between the head of US forces in Europe, Army General Curtis Scaparrotti, and the chief of the Russian armed forces and deputy defense minister, General Valery Gerasimov.
The Senate Intelligence Committee, which is investigating Russian meddling in the 2016 election, is expected to provide electoral security recommendationswithin one to two months. The urgency of ensuring protections for upcoming elections resonates strongly in Europe as well.
The French Conservatives consider Macron’s law on “fake news” dangerous for press freedom. Mainstream media seem to share the president’s view that disinformation targets democratic principles in the country, but believe Macron is entering dangerous territory with his initiative. The Times reports.
In an article for the US Military Review, Lt. Cols. Jon Herrmann and Brian Steed present a virtual reality model for describing “the information battlespace in physical terms”.
“Words and Wars” (Internews) offers an overview of the Ukrainian experience of dealing with Russian propaganda and information warfare.
“Evergreen MH17”: Bellingcat carefully analysed most of the claims made by Kremlin authorities and pro-Kremlin media outlets. Here they offer a summary of these narratives and why they are false, with a special focus on the position currently held by the Kremlin.
Stalin is giving a long speech at an event, naturally in front of a huge audience. While he’s in full flow, somebody near the front of the hall sneezes. Stalin stops and surveys the crowd.
“Who sneezed?” he asks. Deathly silence.
“I repeat,” says Stalin, “who sneezed?” Not a peep.
“Very well,” says Stalin. “First row, stand up!” Everyone in the first row stands up. “Guards! Open fire!” A few seconds later, the entire first row of the audience is lying in bloody heaps on the ground.
“Now, who sneezed?” Still not a whimper. “Second row, stand up! Guards! Open fire!” The second row writhes and breathes its last.
“Now, comrades: who sneezed?” Absolute silence.
“Third row! Stand up! Guards! Op….”
“Wait! Wait!” From the sixth row a man rises, shaking so hard with fear that he can barely stay on his legs. “Please! Comrade Stalin! It was me. I sneezed.”
Stalin fixes his eye on the wretch. The entire audience watches, paralysed. “You sneezed?”
“Yes, Comrade Stalin, yes. It was me.”
“Bless you, comrade!”
Senate Intelligence Committee readies election security plan for 2018
The chairman and vice chairman of the Senate Intelligence Committee – one of three congressional committees investigating Russian meddling in the 2016 election – have stated that they expect the committee to provide electoral security recommendationsto states in the next one to two months. According to the vice chairman, Mark Warner (D-VA), the urgency of ensuring protections for upcoming elections (beginning with congressional primaries in March) led the committee to release these recommendations early, before completion of the full investigation. The chief of the CIA, Mike Pompeo, has accused Russia of seeking to interfere in this year’s congressional elections – a charge that Russian officials have of course vehemently denied.
The Senate Intelligence Committee is likely to be the only committee to produce a bipartisan final report; the House Intelligence and Senate Judiciary committees have been fraught with partisan tensions that render bipartisan conclusions unlikely.
Renewed talks to be held between US and Russian military officials
The Trump administration has scheduled talks to be held in late January between the head of US forces in Europe and Supreme Allied Commander Europe, Army General Curtis Scaparrotti, and the chief of the Russian armed forces and deputy defense minister, General Valery Gerasimov. This will be the first such get-together between top-level US and Russian military officials since such meetings were banned by the Obama administration in 2013, following Russia’s interference in Ukraine and support for pro-Kremlin Ukrainian president Viktor Yanukovych.
The renewed talks are being described by the State Department as a “normal course of diplomacy”. Topics of discussion are to include America’s $41.5 million sale of lethal defense weapons to Ukraine – a sore spot for Russia – and mutual accusations regarding violations of the 1987 Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty.
US-based reading suggestion:
In an article for the US Military Review, Lt. Cols. Jon Herrmann and Brian Steed present a virtual reality model for describing “the information battlespace in physical terms”. Given the simultaneously abstract and dynamic nature of the extant information environment, which renders its features and challenges often difficult to grasp, Herrmann and Steed advocate the use of a simulation model that can help military actors map the information landscape and formulate appropriate counterstrategies.
“Regardless of the specific metaphors, commanders are finding the informational environment difficult to grasp and even more difficult as a battlespace. Using a model that explains the information battlespace in physical terms could enrich understanding. Granted, no model can depict every aspect of a complex environment. Misuse or misunderstanding of a model can lead a commander astray. However, if the limitations of the model are well understood, there are lessons to be learned. Regardless of the model used, America has to get a better understanding of the information battlespace. If this model can advance that cause, then it is worth considering.”
Iran uprising and American elections
‘Repetition is the mother of every lie’ – this is a fundamental tenet of propaganda strategy. It is also especially handy to repeat the same lies in the most unexpected places. For example, drawing parallels between regime change in Iran and … reiterating that Russia didn’t meddle in American presidential elections: unexpected? Not in the world of propaganda, where you use every occasion to attack your enemy and accuse it of the very thing it accuses you: “As US-based social media companies crack down on dissent at home in the name of fighting phantom ‘Russian meddling,’ Washington seeks to leverage them for regime change in places like Iran. The laughable irony of this is that American politicians and news media have been banging on for over a year with allegations of Russian meddling in US internal affairs, notwithstanding that no credible evidence has been provided for these American claims”.
Orban talks, Kremlin rejoices
Moscow has exploited the refugee crisis many times in order to create an atmosphere of fear and exacerbate fault lines between European states. No wonder, then, that speeches by European politicians that follow this line are warmly welcomed by Russian media. RT quickly followed up an interview Viktor Orban gave to German newspaper Bild about his attitude towards refugees. RT selected a few of Orban’s quotes, such as: “Refugees in Europe are just ‘Muslim invaders’ and economic migrants seeking better lives, the large number of Muslims in the EU had led to the appearance of ‘parallel societies’”, his criticism of Merkel’s open-door policy: “I’ve never understood how chaos, anarchy and illegal border crossings are viewed as something good in a country like Germany, which we view as the best example of discipline and the rule of law”, and his earlier quote that refugees are “a Trojan horse for terrorism”. Indeed, it is good to have high-profile friends who will speak according to your narrative lines.
Macron’s plan for a law against disinformation under scrutiny
We wrote last week that the French President has announced an upcoming law against “fake news”, which would make transparency rules before elections stricter and enable judges to remove disinformation content. But Macron’s opposition is less enthusiastic about this move, The Times reports: the French Conservatives consider Macron’s plan “dangerous for press freedom”. French mainstream media seem to share the President’s view that disinformation seeks to undermine democratic principles in the country, but believe that Macron is entering dangerous territory with his initiative. Predictably, the strongest opposition came from Macron’s presidential rival and Kremlin favourite, Marine Le Pen:
Control of free speech on the internet, additional judicialization of society: Is France still a democracy if it muzzles its citizens? Very disturbing! MLP
Russia tries to hold on in the Balkans
Coda Story presents a brief summary of the book by Dimitar Bechev, Rival Power: Russia´s Influence in Southeast Europe. It is contextualized with the recent giveaway of Russian ageing military aircraft to Serbian authorities, who would probably prefer purchasing Western weapons but cannot afford them. In this way, the Kremlin is trying to improve its public perception in Serbia. According to the author, Vladimir Putin has also had a relative PR success in the country, achieving a sort of a “cult status” among portions of Serbian society. But without a clear strategy – and considering that the West is highly unlikely to abandon the Balkan region – he will have a tough job holding on to his popularity.
The downing of MH17: Best of
Western investigations of the MH17 crash, notably that conducted by the Dutch government, have repeatedly and definitively concluded that a Russian-made BUK missile, launched by Russian forces or pro-Russian separatists, was responsible for the tragedy. There has been no variation in these findings. The same does not apply for the Kremlin’s narratives about the crash, which have changed several times over the past year and typically rely on presenting contradicting evidence, highly altered digital images, or fabricated witnesses to instil doubt about the official (Western) version of events. Investigative reporters at Bellingcat have long been working to expose these lies, carefully analysing claims made by Kremlin authorities or pro-Kremlin media outlets. Here, they offer a summary of all these narratives and why they are false, with a special focus on the Kremlin’s current position.
Words and Wars: Ukraine Facing Kremlin Propaganda
This week, we recommend a piece that is longer than usual, but that we guarantee is worth your time! Words and Wars is a book by a group of Ukrainian authors that provides an overview of the Ukrainian experience of dealing with Russian propaganda and information warfare. Since Ukraine experienced the impact of Russian information warfare earlier and on a larger scale than other European or Western states, understanding Russian tactics and learning lessons from countermeasures employed by Ukraine can be very useful for anyone facing the Russian threat today.
The book is divided into seven chapters focusing on different aspects of the Ukrainian experience, and even features a handy overview of existing research into the topic of Russian propaganda and disinformation. If you just want to learn about the to-do’s in fighting Russian information warfare, you can find extensive recommendations for both the international community and Ukraine in the last chapter.
The authors present the following key messages: Russian propaganda has deep roots, which can be traced back at least to Soviet times, and “post-truth” strategies are not the invention of the Putin era. However, the propaganda of today is different in various aspects from the propaganda of the past. It does not provide its own narrative but rather tries to show that Western narratives are flawed. Moreover, the authors point out that that Russian propaganda goes further than fake news; it uses a specific discourse that has a clear semi-militarist tonality and is aimed at winning a war.
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25475
|
__label__cc
| 0.51407
| 0.48593
|
Coming Out Party
CEMB Partners
Tag: terrorism
Fundamentalism and White Nationalism: the same, just wearing different clothes, Vrij Links, 29 March 2019
Written by CEMB on March 20, 2019 . Posted in Media Coverage, Press Releases.
Below is the English version of an interview with Marieke Hoogwout published in Dutch in Vrij Links on 29 March 2019. The interview was conducted before the Christchurch and Utrecht terrorist attacks this month. You can read the Dutch interview here.
In January, Iranian-British human rights activist Maryam Namazie gave the 24th Freedom Lecture at De Balie in Amsterdam. Hers was a fierce plea for solidarity from the left with all dissenters, ex-Muslims, feminists, secularists, in short: with anyone challenging repression of political Islam.
An interview on how politicians, media and all of us citizens can contribute to, in her own words, this ‘movement of secularism and shared humanity’.
First, to get this out of the way – secularism, at least in Dutch, is open to two interpretations: one is ‘non-believing’, or even ‘atheism’, the other is ‘creating a level playing field for all beliefs and convictions’. How would you define the concept of secularism in your movement?
‘I would say: secularism is the complete separation of religion from the state, including state institutions and policy. Religion or lack thereof is a private affair and not the remit of the state. We should all insist on this.’
You called on all of us, on the left, to support the dissenters, the secularists and anyone challenging political Islam. And you feel this support is lacking, still. What would you, for starters, want politicians to do, in order to bring change about?
‘I would tell politicians and policy makers that they should insist on universal values and secularism for all and to not see these values as ‘European values’ or ‘Dutch values’ or ‘British values’. They are universal. People have fought for, and continue to fight for them, sometimes at great risk to their lives, including in countries under Islamic rule.
‘If you think ‘their culture is different’ and so ‘they don’t want the same freedoms and rights as we do’, then you will not be able to show solidarity with those who are dissenting and fighting on the front lines for change. If you homogenise communities and societies and see those in power as representing the ‘authentic culture’, you will end up supporting the Islamists, those that are in power, those that are anti-universal values and anti-secularism rather than the dissenters.
‘I would also urgently call on politicians to insist on citizenship rights. When I came to De Balie, I fell in love with Amsterdam, this beautiful city and wonderful people. But what really affected me, too, was the day after, I spoke to two groups of students. One from a wealthier school in a wealthier area, and one from a school with a lot of students with Muslim parents. And to me, the difference was very stark – from the level of education, access to resources and information, to whether one was more open to different ideas or not.
‘Our societies are sleepwalking into disaster because of the segregation of our children, based on their families’ background and beliefs. It does lead to huge inequalities in the access that people get, and also in the way that people feel particularly on whether they belong in a society. If you are treated as an outsider, even if you were born in that society, you will begin to feel like that. That is a key issue – education has to be secular and level the playing field for all children despite any differences.
‘We have to start insisting on secular education, on treating children and people as citizens no matter what their backgrounds, on making people feel they really belong and that they are really equal – rather than say ‘well that’s their culture’, as if they are separate from the rest of society.’
‘In Britain, for example, a primary school that taught pupils about homosexuality as part of a programme to challenge homophobia has been forced to stop the lessons after Muslim parents complained and withdrew their children. In another primary school, a play on Darwin and evolution was cancelled after complaints by Christian parents. This is the influence of the Christian-Right and Islamism to the detriment of our societies as clearly not all Christian or Muslim parents think this way. Some will feel that their children have lost valuable lessons as a result of the cancellations but the religious-Right are always the loudest though they by no means represent a majority. The only response can be to insist that education be secular and that respect for human rights and citizenship be essential learning despite what parents think. Also access to the latest advances in science and human knowledge is key. The insistence on universal values and secularism is crucial in all aspects of society but particularly education and the law. It’s really a minimal framework for us all. Also with regards children, it is important to see them as human beings with rights separate from their parents. Children are not the property of their parents to do with them as they wish and they have a right to an education worthy of our century.’
What would you like to say to us, as citizens? What can all of us do today?
‘I would say – be brave. We have to stand up against the racists, against dehumanization and against ghettoization of people based on their background. For citizenship rights. And also to stand up for the dissenters within minority communities, for those who are speaking up, and who are at great risk of threats, violence, shunning and ostracization even in Europe. We have to stand up against all fundamentalists and in defense of our common humanity.
‘It is very important for people on the left who are concerned about throwing flames onto the fires of racism, to understand that the fundamentalists are our far right. They are, fundamentally, very similar to the white supremacists and the racists – similar in their reliance on religion, on violence, on scapegoating and on othering anyone who doesn’t look and speak like them; they are similar in their misogyny, their homophobia and their anti-Semitism. They are the same, just wearing different clothes. Look underneath and it’s the same thing.
‘We, the progressives, are fighting all manifestations of beliefs that violate people’s rights, and so we are also fighting the religious right. We are defending universal values, we are defending secularism and we are defending the dissenters who are challenging the status quo. As any left person should be doing and has historically done.’
And what would you ask of the media?
‘In the media, it is always the most regressive and reactionary voices that are brought to the table as the so-called ‘representatives of the community’. The dissenting voices, the feminist voices, the socialist voices within the so-called minorities are almost never heard. And by feminist voices, I mean those for whom women’s rights trumps religion and belief. I do not mean ‘Islamic feminists’, an oxymoron, who are more interested in defending Islam.
‘Unfortunately, when it comes to the dissidents, we don’t fit the media’s narrative to speak about issues that we have put our lives on the line for. Thankfully, the internet has opened up the space for us, even if the media ignores us and acts like we don’t exist. As I have said before, the Internet is doing to Islam what the printing press did to Christianity.
‘To support dissenters, you’ve got to see them first. If you cannot even believe that they exist, how can you support them? Only when you see there are lots of people who don’t agree with repression, and who are fighting for real equality, who are fighting against racism and against discrimination, including in religion, then you will side with the people who are dissenting rather than regressive community leaders and Islamists.’
Sometimes I think some people on the left do not want to see. It would mean having to acknowledge there are power structures within minority communities. I feel some people would rather see all Muslims, in a simple good guy/bad guy-scenario, as one homogeneous ‘community’, deserving of their protection against the far right. To see otherwise, to them would be – uncomfortable.
‘Of course it is uncomfortable! Do you think I feel comfortable every day? I do not. It is very, very uncomfortable saying things that are not acceptable. It is not something that is very easy, we all feel very uncomfortable. But you know – some things need to be said and done. How would the Dutch feel about being seen as one and the same as Geert Wilders? That’s how I feel being seen to be one and the same as an Islamist. There is no homogeneity, and much dissent including amongst minorities. Do you think brown and black people are unable to think freely or dissent against the status quo?
When I speak out for instance on women’s rights in Islam, I sometimes am told that I, as a non-Muslim white woman, have no right to do so. What helped me a lot were the words of Zineb el Rhazoui: ‘If you let yourself be silenced for fear of being called Islamophobic, or a racist – then you’re siding with our oppressors.’ But I think, too many people on the left still are hesitant to speak out about this.
‘One of the problems of identity politics is it seen to be progressive and left but it actually promotes far right politics. It feeds into the narrative of both the fundamentalists and the far right or the white supremacists. Identity politics sees Muslims as a monolith, as a homogeneous group. So the far-Right wants to deport and hate all Muslims as they see them as one and the same as the fundamentalists. This is the problem with identity politics. It doesn’t allow us to see people’s humanity. And some on the left think they must support the Islamists in order to support a ‘Muslim minority’.‘Identity politics only allows you to see those in power as they ‘represent’ the community and determine or impose ‘authentic’ culture. But they are really only self-appointed. People have many characteristics that define them – there is no homogeneity in any society or community or culture. I mean, does everyone in the Netherlands think exactly the same way?
We do not. We have 17 million ‘bondscoaches’ [coaches of our national football team], and 13 political parties in parliament, last I counted.
‘Does everyone in Britain think the same way? I mean – look at Brexit! There is dissent and lots of it. So why would someone think that does not exist in minority communities? Are we less then you? How patronizing first of all, to say or to think that we all agree with our ayatollahs. Do Dutch people all agree with the pope? Are they all Catholics, and hard core ones at that, who are anti-abortion and anti-gay rights and anti-women’s rights?‘Of course not! So why is it that they would think that we are like that? How patronizing. How racist. To see us all as one and the same as our oppressors.
‘Identity politics does not see the dissent. It doesn’t see those political and social movements fighting for change. How can you show solidarity with dissenters when you are too busy looking at the mullahs and the imams and the ayatollahs? You won’t be able to see the feminists and the socialists and the labour activists and the apostates who are risking their lives to challenge the status quo.’
Kenan Malik said: ‘What is called ‘offence to a community’ is more often than not actually a struggle within communities’. For instance, a political cartoon can be considered ‘offensive’, when basically it is challenging power. As it has always done. In your lecture at De Balie you showed a rather old Arabic cartoon mocking religious leaders. Do you agree with Malik’s point of view?
‘One hundred percent. First of all, what does ‘offensive’ even mean – is being against Brexit an offense to the British community? Or is not caring about Brexit an offense to the English or the Christian community? Universal values, the concept of citizenship, are not about ‘group rights’; they’re about individual rights. There are very different types of people and beliefs within the so called ‘Muslim community’ – as is the case in any society.
‘Many ex-Muslims are told we are not allowed to talk about Islam, because we aren’t ‘real Muslims’. You know how many times I have been told: ‘you come from a Shia tradition and Shia’s are not even Muslims, so you were never a Muslim to begin with’? Which I find interesting because when they count the statistics of Muslims, they count everybody in. That is the problem with identity politics – you are never Muslim enough, you’re never black enough, you’re never woman enough, you’re never minority, enough to speak about these issues.
‘But I will speak about any issue that affects human beings – because before anything, I am a human being. I see our common humanity and I see the universality of our struggles and fights. Identity politics does not see those commonalities. It just wants to defend identity at any cost. It will defend culture and religion at any cost. But I think we should be defending human rights and human lives, as best we can. And hold human beings sacred, rather than beliefs, culture, religion and very specific often imagined identities.’
‘On the issue of offence, we are all offended by somethings but somehow most of us never see the need to kill for it. The fundamentalists, however, are offended by everything that has to do with 21st century lives and will threaten or kill anyone who doesn’t agree. Also, interestingly, they are never offended by stonings and decapitations and book burnings but always by unveiled women or gay sex or singing and dancing. The whole offence industry here in the west is really not about religious sensibilities but Islamists demands to impose blasphemy and apostasy laws where they don’t exist.’
I find it very difficult to explain this concept of the ‘regressive left’ to people who I feel, are being – just that. They say ‘That’s a right-wing framework! No one on the left supports forced hijab!” And that in itself, is indeed absolutely true. But in the Netherlands, I feel, it is like a fault by omission, a fault of not speaking out. We always speak out about anything except – when it comes to dissent or emancipation in Muslim communities. And then, people on the left say: ‘Welllll … it has to come from within the communities, we cannot impose our values, these things take time, and look at where we were in the Netherlands 50 years ago.’
‘The point is not that some on the left – and I say this as someone firmly on the left – is not against forced hijab. Of course, they are against that. The point is: they never criticize hijab as a tool to manage, control, and police women’s bodies. When you say: ‘Look at where we were 50 years ago, we have to be tolerant’ – that’s tolerance of the intolerable. We are in the 21st century after all. Doesn’t everyone deserve the same rights and freedoms?
‘When you say ‘That is their culture, that is their religion’ – you are seeing them as something that is different from the rest of ‘white’ Dutch society. If ‘white’ girls in Holland were made to wear religious symbols because their parents were religious or segregated from boys because their parents thought they would bring chaos in society if there was mixing of the sexes – would they say ‘well, you know, it’s the parents’ culture’? Of course not! Why say it when it comes to girls from Muslim backgrounds?’
People also say: ‘Of course we are against oppression, but that is in other countries. In the Netherlands, all women are free to choose, so wearing the veil must be their free choice and if we speak against it, we would be no different from the authoritarian regimes.’ What is your point of view on this?
‘Framing it in the language of choice is actually part of the narrative of the fundamentalists. And if you do that, then you don’t see all the pressures, all the subtle and sometimes not so subtle threats, and all the coercion that takes place behind the scenes, in order to impose this on women and girls or on gay people, or on apostates, or on any other minorities within minorities, to show conformity within that community. And particularly when it comes to children, using the language of choice is an excuse to ignore child abuse.
‘Of course there are women who ‘choose’ to wear the veil, like there are women who refuse to leave a violence relationship, but seeing it as a free choice misses the point. The veil is an instrument to control and police women – like foot-binding, like suttee, like FGM. By focusing on a woman ‘choosing’ to throw herself on the burning pyre of her deceased husband, one ignores and even legitimizes women’s oppression and misogyny.
‘People who say ‘it’s their culture, it’s a choice, it’s not our place’ think that if they don’t rock the boat, it will keep some sort of social peace. But actually, it will not. There is a battle going on. Isn’t it better that all of us, as progressives, have a stake in that fight? So that the society that comes out of it, is one where progressive people have been involved, and not just the fascists – be they either the white supremacists, or the Islamists, or the Christian right.
‘Things can change fundamentally if more people will be involved who are anti-racist and pro-human rights, irrespective of background and belief. That would make that fight so much more human. And the results would be so much more human.’
Outrage at #ChristchurchMosqueAttack
Written by CEMB on March 15, 2019 . Posted in Press Releases.
We are outraged at the far-Right terrorist attacks on mosques in New Zealand. Those killed could have been our beloved; our hearts go out to the victims and survivors of these heinous attacks.
We recognise the xenophobic, anti-migrant and anti-Muslim, white nationalists in the Islamists. Both are far-Right movements that rely on religion, violence, hate, misogyny, homophobia, anti-Semitism… and both use terrorism to sow fear and division. We will continue to fight both and defend universal values, the right to live and think as one chooses, and our common humanity.
Whatever our differences, we are one race: Human.
We stand with Muslims everywhere who face discrimination, violence and terror.
#OneRace_HumanRace
#ChristchurchMosqueAttack
Atheist & Agnostic Alliance Pakistan
Atheist Refugee Relief
Atheist Republic
Black Ducks Channel
Bread and Roses TV
Council of Ex-Muslims of Britain (CEMB)
Council of Ex-Muslims of Sri Lanka
Dutch Freethinkers Association De Vrije Gedachte
Ex-Muslims of Jordan
Ex-Muslims of Norway
Ex Muslims Of Scandinavia
Faithless Hijabi
One Law for All
Mouvement Alternatif pour les Libertés Individuelles – Maroc
Tunisian Freethinkers
Council of Ex-Muslims of Britain is a limited by guarantee Company registered in England & Wales.
Designed with ♥ in London
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25478
|
__label__wiki
| 0.936036
| 0.936036
|
Beechcraft Again Protests USAF Contract
Beechcraft "perplexed" by Air Force's decision.
Beechcraft AT-6
After losing out twice before, Beechcraft is again protesting the U.S. Air Force's decision to award a contract for light attack airplanes for the Afghan military to Brazil's Embraer.
Embraer and its U.S.-based partner, Sierra Nevada, won a $427 million deal on February 27 to supply 20 Super Tucano turboprops to be used in Afghanistan for counterinsurgency missions.
In a statement, Beechcraft CEO Bill Boisture said his company is “perplexed” by the Air Force decision and will file a protest with the U.S. Government Accountability Office based on concerns that there were mistakes in the selection process.
“We simply don't understand how the Air Force can justify spending over 40 percent more — over $125 million more — for what we consider to be less capable aircraft,” Boisture said.
Embraer won an initial $355 million contract in December 2011, but Hawker Beechcraft challenged the decision after losing the bid. That led to the second selection process. Beechcraft is complaining that the choice of the Super Tucano over its own AT-6 Texan II turboprop will cost 1,400 U.S. jobs. Embraer counters that argument by pointing out that it plans to hire 1,200 workers in Florida to fulfill the Air Force contract.
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25479
|
__label__wiki
| 0.93122
| 0.93122
|
Starting With Manchester United Vs. Leicester City, 5 Must-See Premier League Games On TV In August
Bobby McMahon Contributor
NBC Sports Network presenters Rebecca Lowe, Robbie Earle, and Robbie Mustoe, (right), at work in the NBC Sports Network studios in Stamford, Connecticut, during Saturday morning live broadcasts of English Premier League games. Photo Tim Clayton (Photo by Tim Clayton/Corbis via Getty Images)
The 27th edition of the Premier League kicks-off on Friday with Manchester United at home to 2016 champions Leicester City. Three hundred and seventy-nine games later, the season will end on May 19, 2019.
Only six teams have won the Premier League since its inaugural season in 1992/93. Manchester United has won 50% of the titles (13). Chelsea is next with 6, followed by Manchester City and Arsenal with three each, and Blackburn Rovers and Leicester with one apiece.
The debate as to the relevant merit of the top leagues in Europe is a constant but one thing that is irrefutable is that no other league generates revenue quite like the Premier League.
Just two months ago the Guardian reported that consolidated revenue for the Premier League in 2016/17 (the latest available year for financial information) hit a record high of £4.5b ($5.85b).
Initially, the Guardian reported that only three teams had not recorded a profit. League champions Chelsea and Sunderland recorded a loss while the status of Crystal Palace was unclear as the club had not submitted audited accounts.
When Palace finally got round to it, the number of profitable teams increased to 18 with the London team announcing a £11.8m ($15.3m) profit.
Fuelling revenue and profit growth in 2016/17 was TV revenue worth £8.4b ($10.9m)over a three-year cycle.
This season is the last under the current set of broadcast deals and new deals start next year at this time.
The domestic deals in the UK have already been set and the revenue is slightly down. Any overall increase depends on the auction of overseas rights that sold for £3.3b ($4.3m) last time.
To set up your viewing schedule here are five matches you don’t want to miss in August.
Manchester United vs. Leicester City - Friday, August 10, 3:00 pm ET
Not winning the Premier League is one thing, but watching your city rival win and finish 19 points ahead is something else.
Such is the reality for Manchester United and manager Jose Mourinho. Jose has spent much of the pre-season complaining about the lack of new signings but by the time this game kicks off the transfer window will have closed for Premier League teams (players can be sold to other leagues until the end of the August) and Jose will need to do the best with what he has got.
It is a statistic that flew under a lot of radars but there was some good news masked by a trophy-less 2018 season.
Last season, Manchester won 15 league games at home (also drew 2), the most since Sir Alex Ferguson signed off in 2013 with Manchester United’s 13th and last Premier League championship title.
If Manchester United has any chance of knocking off Manchester City then the same level of consistency – or even an improvement – is mandatory.
If you believe that past results are an indicator of what might happen you will be placing a wager on Manchester United.
Jose Mourinho is unbeaten in nine opening-weekend matches during his Premier League career and Leicester is winless (4 losses, 3 draws) in last seven meeting between the two teams.
What’s more, Leicester performed poorly away from home against the top six last season – one draw in six matches.
It will be the second straight time Leicester has opened the Premier League season. A year ago Leicester went to Emirates Stadium and led Arsenal 3-1 only to lose 4-3.
U.S. – NBCSN; Canada – TSN 2
Manchester United head coach Jose Mourinho with his "please Mr. Woodward, can I have some new players," look. (Photo by TF-Images/Getty Images)
Arsenal vs. Manchester City - Sunday, August 12, 11:00 am ET
Some believe that this is a great opportunity for Arsenal on account of Manchester City suffering from a World Cup hangover. Personally, I think the Word Cup “excuse” has been overblown.
Every season we get a number of surprise results, particularly in the first few rounds of play. Take last season for example. Rounds 1 and 2 generated these score lines – Chelsea 2-3 Burnley; Watford 3-3 Liverpool; Stoke 1-0 Arsenal; Manchester City 1-1 Everton.
Nonetheless, it is a great opportunity to gauge Arsenal’s new boss, Unai Emery’s initial work with his new team.
Martin Keown: “I’ve been impressed with Emery. He has worked his players hard in pre-season. Arsenal’s away form was embarrassing but they will have a better balance this year. They have a warrior in Sokratis while Torreira can bring bite to the midfield.” https://t.co/j0I8nsm8e3 pic.twitter.com/jaHqxLSQug
— AFCPressWatch (@AFCPressWatch2) August 7, 2018
Chelsea vs. Arsenal - Saturday, August 18, 12:30 pm ET
It doesn’t get much easier for Arsenal in round two. Chelsea’s opening game is at Huddersfield and then comes this London derby and this will be Coach Maurizio Sarri's first Premier League game at Stamford Bridge.
Arsenal’s results against Chelsea have shown a marked improvement in the last couple of seasons over the previous ten seasons when Chelsea regularly feasted on an opponent that found so many different ways to lose.
U.S. – NBC; Canada – Sportsnet World Live
Sarri: “In two or three months, I think we can become a very good side.” #CFC
— Vaishali Bhardwaj (@VaiBhardwaj) August 7, 2018
Wolverhampton Wanderers vs. Manchester City - Saturday, August 25, 7:30 am ET
Wolves return to the Premier League in one of the most anticipated for some time. The club has undergone an overhaul and a remarkable recovery under new ownership and has become home to a colony of Portuguese players – 7 at the last count and with another loaned out. Midfielder Rueben Neves dominated the Championship last season and if he can replicate something close to that form then neutral fans are in for a treat.
Wolves were one of the few teams to shut out Manchester City last season. A 0-0 Carabao Cup match was decided in Manchester City’s favor in a penalty kick decider. City went on to lift the trophy.
U.S. – NBCSN; Canada – Sportsnet Live
Players of Portugal and Wolverhampton Wanderers celebrate promotion to the Premier League back in April. (Photo by Sam Bagnall - AMA/Getty Images)
Manchester United vs. Tottenham - Monday, August 27, 3:00 pm ET
Tottenham plays three of its first four games away from home (the first home game is at Wembley against Fulham) before opening its new $1b+ stadium on September 15 against Liverpool.
This match is the pick of the round three games and is a Monday matchup.
From earlier this week "10 Big Premier League Storylines That Will Decide The New Season's Winners And Losers."
Follow me on Twitter or LinkedIn.
Bobby McMahon
Soccer Analyst for Fox Soccer Report and Fox Soccer News from 2001 to 2013. I have been a soccer writer and broadcaster for 25 years and have followed the world's game f...
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25481
|
__label__cc
| 0.584927
| 0.415073
|
megaman legends 3
Megaman Legends 3 new video footage is all about Speed
Capcom has released a new off-screen video footage of Megaman Legends 3 on Nintendo 3DS. The video features tons of Japanese speech and stuff.
By Alex Smith on Mon, 05/16/2011 - 01:00
Megaman Legends 3 Announced for 3DS
Capcom today announced that Megaman Legends 3 will be coming onto Nintendo 3DS. The details was reveal on the blog post from Capcom which said that this time gamers will be part of the development process like never before as they interact directly with the team.
The post also said that more details on the game will be reveal at New York Comin Con which kicks off next week.
Here is what the blog post reads:
"Hi everyone! This is Masakazu Eguchi, director of MEGA MAN LEGENDS 3!
So, how about that Keiji Inafune special interview? Did you like that?
As you can see, Inafune is very enthusiastic about this project. And that new development style that he said he would go into more detail about later, I'm sure you won't be disappointed by that. We think not only fans of the series, but anyone interested in Mega Man Legends will be like, "What? ...OMG!!!"
When I and the rest of the staff first heard that were that we were doing this, we were shaking in our boots. All of us were asking our bosses, "Are you guys serious?"
But the proposition was interesting to say the least. So, now here we are making intense preparations and trying to stay on schedule.
...Having said that, there are so many details about the project that I am dying to tell all of you... but you'll have to wait and let your imaginations run wild for just a little longer, until the Comic Con in New York next month!
Until then, I'll use this blog to introduce to members of my team, and tell you a little about what's going on here in the Dev Lab. I'll do my best to update it at least once a week, so check back often!
I'm also looking forward to hearing comments from all of you!
By Raiz Khan on Wed, 09/29/2010 - 08:18
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25483
|
__label__wiki
| 0.526243
| 0.526243
|
How to Pre-order Cyberpunk 2077 Standard and Collector's Editions
By Bryan Lawver on Sun, 06/09/2019 - 19:10
Batman: Arkham City pre-order bonus detailed
Warner has revealed some pre-order bonus details for their much awaited and highly anticipated game title "Batman: Arkham City".
All those gamer who purchase it from Best Buy will get a combo pack along with the game, while those to buy it at GameStop will get access to Joker's Carnival challenge map.
Batman: Arkham City will launch on October 18 in United States and on October 21 in United Kingdom for PS3, Xbox 360 and PC.
By Sehran Shaikh on Tue, 03/22/2011 - 11:05
Pre-Order Call of Duty: Black Ops for £39.90 from Tesco
The price war for buying Call of Duty: Black Ops has begun and Tesco has fired the first shot, as today's Metro and The Sun newspaper carried an advertisment of pre-ordering Black Ops from Tesco for a price of only £39.90.
The deals looks great as Activision has priced the game for £55
Going by the details reveal in the ads gamers will be able to get their copies of the game at midnight from Tesco Stores.
Update: Save £5 More
VoucherCodes.co.uk is offering a voucher code which will help you to get £5 off on Call of Duty: Black Ops and free delivery when you pre-order at Tesco.
By Sehran Shaikh on Wed, 10/27/2010 - 08:57
THQ Offers Digital Delivery Pre-Order Darksiders PC Bonuses
There are some pre-order offer for Darksiders is going around. Many well known retailers are offering an additional game with it free of cost.
Here is the detail of what you get if you pre-order Darksiders from the following retailers:
Steam: Titan Quest: Gold Edition
Direct2Drive: Red Faction Guerrilla
Gametap: Company of Heroes
Darksiders comes out on PC on September 23.
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25484
|
__label__cc
| 0.7066
| 0.2934
|
OverPCGames
A video game is an electronic game that involves interaction with a user interface to generate visual feedback on a two- or three-dimensional video display device such as a TV screen or computer monitor. Since the 1980s, video games have become an increasingly important part of the entertainment industry, and whether they are also a form of art is a matter of dispute. The electronic systems used to play video games are called platforms. Video games are developed and released for one or several platforms and may not be available on others. Specialized platforms such as arcade games, which present the game in a large, typically coin-operated chassis, were common in the 1980s in video arcades, but declined in popularity as other, more affordable platforms became available. These include dedicated devices such as video game consoles, as well as general-purpose computers like a laptop, desktop or handheld computing devices.
Download the Game from here
What Is A Video Game?
There are two ways to explain what exactly a video game is: the easy, simple way, and the really complex way. The easy answer is that a video game is interactive digital entertainment that you “play” via a computer, a game console (like the Xbox or PlayStation) or a phone or tablet. There, you can go home now because class is over and we’re done. That really does sum it all up — but it’s not a very good explanation otom clancy's the divisionf everything going on here. As the new person covering video games for TheWrap, I aim to provide good explanations for you, our readers. So I’m going to dive into the more complicated explanation here.
Gaming devices provide a variety of interesting activities and ways for young people to engage with their friends and families. However, it is important to be aware of what these devices can do and how you can talk with your child to help them to use this technology in safe and positive way. All modern gaming devices offer parental controls to help you manage how your child uses their device, but these do need to be set up in order for them to be operational. All modern gaming devices offer parental controls to help you manage how your child uses their device, but these do need to be set up in order for them to be operational.
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25486
|
__label__cc
| 0.543803
| 0.456197
|
Francis LaMorte, MD
Francis.LaMorte@fticonsulting.com
Boston, MA, 02109
B.A., Physiological Psychology, Princeton University
M.B.A., School of Management, Yale University
M.D., Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School
Healthcare Financial Management Association (HFMA)
Dr. Francis LaMorte is a Managing Director in the Health Solutions segment. With over thirty years of experience in healthcare as a management consultant, healthcare chief executive, and emergency physician, Dr. LaMorte brings an extraordinarily distinguished understanding of the healthcare industry to every engagement, and the credibility to lead boards, executives, physicians, and nurses together around the vision and strategy of their organization.
Prior to working for FTI Consulting, Dr. LaMorte was a Director in Alvarez & Marsal’s Health Industry Group for ten years, during which time his work spanned the provider sector of the healthcare industry with experience in large-scale hospital inpatient and ambulatory care operations and profitability improvement, FQHCs, telemedicine; and physician productivity.
Dr. LaMorte's focus has been on improving financial profitability and clinical operations to investors and operators of hospitals & health systems, academic medical centers, large physician practices, and medical services companies. He has led high-profile collaboratives between teaching hospitals and their sponsoring medical schools to identify and remediate deficiencies in ED operations, EMTALA compliance, patient flow, GME resident oversight, and inpatient safety.
Dr. LaMorte designed and implemented corporate transformation plans for national physician practice management companies, and conducted M&A due diligence for private equity investors in nation-wide providers of wound care, proton therapy, and hospital medicine. He has provided both M&A due diligence and expert advisory on compliance matters for publicly listed hospital operators.
Prior to joining A&M, he was the executive chairman and chief compliance officer of EMA, L.P. for whom he designed and led multiple transformational initiatives that enabled it to become the nation’s second largest equal share physician partnership, and one of its most respected emergency medicine practice management companies.
Dr. LaMorte served for twenty years as attending physician in the emergency department of the flagship hospital of the St. Barnabas Health Care System, New Jersey’s largest health care system. Dr. LaMorte was president of its 1,000-member independent physician association, and chairman of the System’s utilization management committee with oversight of nearly 10,000 network physicians.
Dr. LaMorte earned a B.A. from Princeton University, and his M.B.A. in business administration from the Yale University School of Management. He received his M.D. from the Robert Wood Johnson Medical School.
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line25490
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.