pred_label
stringclasses 2
values | pred_label_prob
float64 0.5
1
| wiki_prob
float64 0.25
1
| text
stringlengths 112
978k
| source
stringlengths 37
43
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
__label__cc
| 0.667233
| 0.332767
|
What is Gemstone? >
Andalusite is named after Andalusia, the province of Spain where it was first discovered.
Andalusite is pleochroic, i.e. it shows different colours in different directions. When cutting most pleochroic gemstones, such as iolite and tanzanite, the trick is to minimise the pleochroism and maximise the single best colour. With andalusite the opposite applies: cutters try to orient the gem to get a pleasing mix of colours: orange-brown and a yellowish green or gold.
When they succeed, andalusite looks quite unlike any other gemstone, with patterns of colour dancing around the facets. The best colour play is seen in fancy shapes, particularly rectangular cushion shapes: in round cuts, the colours blend together.
Andalusite is mined in Brazil and Sri Lanka.
In the past andalusite was sometimes called "poor man's alexandrite" because it offers colour play at a low price, but in fact it does not actually bear much resemblance to alexandrite, which changes from green to red in different light. In fact it is not really a colour-change stone at all because the colours are present at the same time.
That should not diminish its appeal, especially for those who like earth tones. Andalusite offers plenty of impact at a relatively low price. Because of its colour and its durability, it is especially appropriate for men's jewellery.
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10327
|
__label__wiki
| 0.918065
| 0.918065
|
Behind the Scenes: Mike Dooley
Note: The following appears in the Syracuse gameday football program. To purchase a copy of the program while supplies last, send a check for $6 to Clemson Athletic Communications; P.O.
Mike Dooley grew up in the town of Toccoa, Ga., just over 29 miles from Tigertown. Despite the proximity to the Clemson University campus, he did not grow up a fan of the Tigers.
“I was a Georgia Tech fan, because some of their standout guys, like Pat and Ken Swilling, went to my high school,” he said. “(Former Clemson great) Dale Davis went to my high school, too, but I wasn’t a basketball guy.”
Dooley went on to play defensive end at Furman under Clemson alum and current College Football Playoff committee member Bobby Johnson. He actually played at Clemson with the Paladins in 1994, recording a 10-yard sack of Patrick Sapp.
Following his playing career, Dooley moved into the high school coaching ranks. He was a defensive assistant and teacher at Greenville High School, where he first began interacting with college coaches.
“We had a bunch of good players at that time, guys like William Henry, Cory Lambert and Alex Pearson,” said Dooley. “So, a lot of coaches were coming around. I remember getting a call from David Blackwell in 2005, and he told me that Clemson had a spot open for a graduate assistant. I left school that day and drove over, and I’ve been here ever since.”
Dooley worked with assistant coach Ron West for two seasons, instructing the outside linebackers on Tommy Bowden’s staff. To try and further his coaching education, he went to Bowden and asked to move to the offensive side of the ball for the first time in his career. Bowden obliged, and Dooley was assigned to help Brad Scott with the offensive linemen in 2007.
When Dabo Swinney was named interim head coach midway through the 2008 season, Dooley suddenly found himself thrust into full-time coaching. Swinney named him tight ends coach, with another graduate assistant named Jeff Scott appointed to the wide receivers.
Swinney earned the position for good and began compiling his staff. He brought in long-time assistant Danny Pearman to coach the tight ends. But there was still a place on Swinney’s staff for Dooley.
“He wanted to expand the support staff,” recalled Dooley. “I took the job as director of high school relations, and it was an easy decision. Coach Swinney is a family man and does it right.”
In his new position, Dooley was in charge of marketing Clemson to high school coaches, essentially serving as a liaison between them and the Tiger football program.
“I treated them as if they were recruits,” he said. “We wanted to show them our philosophy and how we approach prospects at Clemson. Much of that work today is handled through our recruiting department.”
Dooley eventually took on some operational needs within the program. About four years ago, he began coordinating part of the team’s travel. When the football team leaves Clemson for an away game, Dooley is instrumental in arranging the rooms, meeting areas and all facets of preparation on the road.
Now in his 12th season, Dooley has evolved from the coaching side of the profession to the administrative side. He is part of a larger group that pulls it all together to make the machine operate with maximum efficiency.
“It’s a lot to handle, so I try and keep every perspective in mind,” he said. “But at the end of the day, we take care of our players first.”
That is what gives Dooley the most gratification. He enjoys the transparency with which Clemson coaches and staff run the program. Though he has had opportunities to leave, the people in Clemson have kept him happy.
“You can’t beat coach Swinney and what he’s built here,” added Dooley. “It’s a true family atmosphere. We’re building a foundation that will stand for a long time. People want to be like Clemson now.”
More in this category: « Clemson Family Checkin Clemson Football Nominated for Four ESPY Awards »
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10328
|
__label__cc
| 0.582232
| 0.417768
|
Resources about the Global Fund
Our activities in Europe
The Advisory Committee of Friends Europe
The mission of the Advisory Committee is to inform and advise the Governing Board on the status, evolution and perspectives of global health, with a focus on the fight against AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria in their scientific, developmental, political, policy, or funding dimensions.
The Committee gathers renowned European experts whose views on global health, or on international cooperation and development will contribute to enrich the reflection of the organisation at a European level, and to help elaborate its advocacy strategy.
Members of the Advisory Committee
Richard HORTON, editor-in-chief of The Lancet, United Kingdom
Martin McKEE, Professor of European Public Health – London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and Director of research policy at the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies
Gorik OOMS, human rights lawyer and global health scholar, Professor of Global Health Law & Governance at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United-Kingdom
Guido SCHMIDT-TRAUB, Executive Director of « UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network », France
Bruno SPIRE, medical doctor, researcher and senior scientist at the French National Institute for Medical Research (INSERM), former President of the French NGO AIDES
Beatrijs STIKKERS, policy and strategy advisor, Board Secretary of the Dutch Foundation KNCV, The Netherlands
Timo ULRICHS, Microbiologist and immunologist specialized in tuberculosis, founder of the Koch-Metchnikov Forum, Germany
Friends of the Global Fund Europe aims at raising public awareness about global health issues and specifically about HIV, Tuberculosis and Malaria.
Bericht zum Parlamentarischen Frühstück „Globale Gesundheit in den G7/G20 Prozessen“
25 – 28 March 2019: Parliamentary Study Tour to Niger
Pan Europe
2 rue Cognacq Jay
Archives Select Month June 2019 April 2019 March 2019 February 2019 January 2019 December 2018 November 2018 October 2018 September 2018 August 2018 July 2018 May 2018 April 2018 March 2018 December 2017 November 2017 July 2017 May 2017 March 2017 September 2016 March 2016 December 2014 July 2014 July 2013
2018 © Copyright AFMEurope
agence AS-TEK
Sylvie CK
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10330
|
__label__wiki
| 0.545954
| 0.545954
|
Angelo Gambino, Esq.
Angelo Gambino, Esq. handles cases involving nursing home negligence, medical malpractice and general personal injury cases.
Gambino attended the University of Notre Dame and received his Juris Doctor in May 2007. While at Notre Dame, Gambino was an editor of the Notre Dame Journal of College and University Law and also received the John E. Krupnick award for excellence in trial advocacy.
Gambino is licensed to practice throughout New York State, the United States District Court for the Western District of New York and the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. He is also a member of the Erie County, New York State and American Bar Association.
When not practicing law, Gambino is an adjunct professor and mock trial coach at Canisius College. He teaches an undergraduate mock trial team, which participates in multiple mock trial tournaments each academic year.
Prior to Brown Chiari, Gambino was an associate attorney at Gibson, McAskill & Crosby, LLP defending physicians, hospital systems and medical personnel in medical malpractice and nursing home negligence cases. He also provided representation for various defendants in product liability, motor vehicle accidents and premises liability actions.
Michelle Braun, Esq.
Nicole Marques, Esq.
Andrea Conjerti, Esq.
Tim Hudson, Esq.
Brian R. Hogan
Michael C. Lancer Esq.
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10333
|
__label__wiki
| 0.597401
| 0.597401
|
@BSCswimdive
2019 SAA Championship
Erwin, Ronne Named CSCAA Scholar All-Americans
BIRMINGHAM, Ala. – Becca Erwin (Duluth, Ga./Duluth HS) and Mary Beth Ronne (Athens, Tenn./McMinn County HS) were recently recognized by the College Swimming and Diving Coaches Association of America as Scholar All-Americans. The award recognizes student-athletes that have achieved a 3.50 GPA or higher and competed at their respective national championships.
2018-19 Top Male Student-Athletes
Take a look back at the top male student-athletes from the 2018-19 athletic season.
BSC Men, Women On CSCAA Scholar All-America Team
BIRMINGHAM, Ala. – The College Swimming and Diving Coaches Association of America has named both the Birmingham-Southern men’s and women’s teams to its Scholar All-America team.
2018-19 Top Female Student-Athletes
Take a look at the top female student-athletes for the 2018-19 season.
BSC Places 128 on SAA Academic Honor Roll
BIRMINGHAM, Ala. – The Southern Athletic Association announced its 2019 Spring Academic Honor Roll and Birmingham-Southern Athletics had 128 student-athletes recognized. To earn the honor, student-athletes must have a 3.25 grade point average or higher at the end of the semester.
2018-19 Season-in-Review
A look back at the 2018-19 Birmingham-Southern athletics season.
BSC Recognizes Yearly Award Winners at Annual Banquet
BIRMINGHAM, Ala. – The Birmingham-Southern athletics department announced the winners of its awards and recognized the accomplishments of the student-athletes at its 2019 Athletic Awards Dinner Monday night in the Norton Great Hall on BSC's campus.
NCAA Championships: Erwin Finishes Third in 100-Freestyle on Final Day
GREENSBORO, N.C. – Birmingham-Southern swimming and diving junior Becca Erwin wrapped up the 2019 NCAA Division III Swimming and Diving Championships for the Panthers on Saturday.
NCAA Championships: Panthers Wrap Day Three at Championships
GREENSBORO, N.C. – The Birmingham-Southern competed at the 2019 NCAA Division III Swimming and Diving Championships on Friday.
NCAA Championships: Erwin Takes Third in 200-Yard Freestyle Final
GREENSBORO, N.C. – Birmingham-Southern junior student-athlete Becca Erwin finished third in the women’s 200-yard freestyle final at the 2019 NCAA Division III Swimming and Diving Championships on Thursday.
NCAA Championships: Erwin Earns Silver in 500-Yard Freestyle
GREENSBORO, N.C. – All four qualifying Birmingham-Southern swimming and diving student-athletes competed in the opening day of the 2019 NCAA Division III Swimming and Diving Championships on Wednesday.
Women No. 24, Men No. 25 in Final CSCAA Rankings
COLORADO SPRINGS, Colo. – The Birmingham-Southern men’s and women’s swimming and diving teams were both ranked in the top 25 in the latest College Swimming and Diving Coaches Association of America (CSCAA), the organization announced on Wednesday.
Four Swimmers Headed to NCAA Championships
BIRMINGHAM, Ala. – Four Birmingham-Southern women’s swimming and diving student-athletes qualified to compete at the 2019 NCAA Division III Swimming and Diving Championships in Greensboro, N.C., March 20-23.
Nine Women Earn All-SAA Swimming and Diving Honors
ATLANTA – Nine Birmingham-Southern women’s swimming and diving student-athletes were selected to 2019 All-Southern Athletic Association Teams, the conference announced Tuesday.
Ten Panthers Earn All-SAA Recognition
ATLANTA – Ten Birmingham-Southern men’s swimming and diving student-athletes were selected to the 2019 All-Southern Athletic Association Teams, the conference announced Tuesday.
BSC Title Runs at SAA Championships Continue
BIRMINGHAM, Ala. – The Birmingham-Southern men’s and women’s swimming and diving teams both captured another Southern Athletic Association title on Saturday night, the third-consecutive conference crown for the women and the men’s fifth-straight SAA championship.
BSC Maintains Lead in Day Three of SAA Championships
BIRMINGHAM, Ala. – The Birmingham-Southern men’s and women’s swimming and diving teams continued to lead the field at the Southern Athletic Association Championships on Friday.
Panthers Lead After Day Two of SAA Championships
BIRMINGHAM, Ala. – The Birmingham-Southern men’s and women’s swimming and diving teams both finished day two of the Southern Athletic Association Championships in first place on Thursday.
Panthers Start Strong at SAA Championships
BIRMINGHAM, Ala. – The Birmingham-Southern men’s and women’s swimming and diving teams got off to a strong start on the first night of the 2019 Southern Athletic Association Championships on Wednesday.
Men's Swimming and Diving Ranked No. 23 in CSCAA Poll
COLORADO SPRINGS, Colo. – The Birmingham-Southern men’s swimming and diving team came in ranked at No. 23 in the latest College Swimming and Diving Coaches Association of America (CSCAA) poll, the organization announced.
Chamblee Earns Weekly SAA Swimming Award
ATLANTA – Birmingham-Southern women’s swimming and diving student-athlete Chelsea Chamblee was named the Southern Athletic Association Women’s Swimmer of the Week, the conference announced Tuesday.
Women Win, Men Drop Meet Against Trinity
BIRMINGHAM, Ala. – The Birmingham-Southern men’s and women’s swimming and diving teams split with the Trinity University Tigers in a home meet at the Birmingham Crossplex on Saturday.
BSC Picks Up Meet Victory Over Sewanee
BIRMINGHAM, Ala. – The Birmingham-Southern men’s and women’s swimming and diving teams swept Southern Athletic Association rival Sewanee at the Birmingham Crossplex on Friday night.
Swimming and Diving Teams Earn CSCAA Academic Honors
COLORADO SPRINGS, Colo. – The Birmingham-Southern men’s and women’s swimming and diving teams were recognized by the College Swimming and Diving Coaches Association of America for their student-athletes’ success in the classroom last fall.
Medina, Sisler Earn Weekly SAA Swimming and Diving Awards
ATLANTA – Two Birmingham-Southern swimming and diving student-athletes were named the Southern Athletic Association Athletes of the Week, the conference announced on Tuesday.
Swimming and Diving Sweeps Berry in Home Meet
BIRMINGHAM, Ala. – The Birmingham-Southern men’s and women’s swimming and diving teams swept Berry College in competition at the Birmingham Crossplex on Saturday morning.
Heller, Luth, Hughes Earn SAA Weekly Honors
ATLANTA – Three Birmingham-Southern swimming and diving student-athletes earned athlete of the week honors from the Southern Athletic Association on Tuesday.
Swimming and Diving Wins Berry College Invite
MOUNT BERRY, Ga. – The Birmingham-Southern swimming and diving teams swept the competition at the Berry College Invite on Saturday, with both the men’s and women’s teams taking first place.
Men No. 21, Women Receiving Votes in Latest CSCAA Poll
COLORADO SPRINGS, Colo. – The Birmingham-Southern men’s swimming and diving team was ranked in the top 25 teams in the country by the College Swimming and Diving Coaches Association of America (CSCAA), the organization announced Wednesday.
Three Panthers Earn SAA Weekly Honors
ATLANTA – Three Birmingham-Southern swimming and diving student-athletes were named Southern Athletic Association Athletes of the Week, the conference announced on Wednesday.
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10334
|
__label__cc
| 0.692114
| 0.307886
|
February 12, 2016 / Will Conrad / 0 Comments
Although I hate to do it, I feel bound to use one bad piece of legislation to show up shortcomings in an even worse piece.
I’ve been reading through the draft Investigatory powers bill and had to stop when I got to page 16. This section covers “Equipment Interference”.
“Equipment interference allows the security and intelligence agencies, law enforcement and the armed forces to interfere with electronic equipment such as computers and smartphones in order to obtain data, such as communications from a device.
Equipment interference encompasses a wide range of activity from remote access to computers to downloading covertly the contents of a mobile phone during a search.”
Page 16 Draft Investigatory Powers Bill 2015
As you can see it’s a pretty broad brush, among other things encompasses activities that the general public would call hacking. Now, should this be enacted I can see a conflict here with the 1990 Computer Misuse act.
“(1)A person is guilty of an offence if—
(a)he causes a computer to perform any function with intent to secure access to any program or data held in any computer [F1, or to enable any such access to be secured] ;
(b)the access he intends to secure [F2, or to enable to be secured,] is unauthorised; and
(c)he knows at the time when he causes the computer to perform the function that that is the case.
(2)The intent a person has to have to commit an offence under this section need not be directed at—
(a)any particular program or data;
(b)a program or data of any particular kind; or
(c)a program or data held in any particular computer.
[F3(3)A person guilty of an offence under this section shall be liable—
(a)on summary conviction in England and Wales, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum or to both;
(b)on summary conviction in Scotland, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding [F412] months or to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum or to both;
(c)on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years or to a fine or to both.”
Computer Misuse act 1990.
As you can see such activities as described in the draft bill would fall squarely under this act and would be a criminal offence. Nowhere in the 1990 act is there any exclusion or statutory defence listed.
Now, I’m no lawyer, but the only way out for the government would be to amend the 1990 act with a clause that effectively would say “All this is a crime, but if we do it it’s OK.” For more information about the law enforcement visit our official website workerscompensationattorneyorangecounty.com/areas-covered/california-workers-compensation-attorney-costa-mesa-ca.php” style=”text-decoration: none; color: #5B5E5A !important”>workerscompensationattorneyorangecounty.com
Again I’m no expert, but I would hazard to suggest that any government that exempts itself from it’s own criminal laws in tending towards the despotic, tyrannical wing of governance and is already a fair way down the slippery slope of no longer representing the people.
Moments after writing this I came across this news item.
“GCHQ is operating within the law when it hacks into computers and smart phones, a security tribunal has ruled.”
Privacy International had challenged the government over the practices revealed by Edward Snowden.
“GCHQ admitted its agents hack devices, in the UK and abroad, for the first time during the hearings.”
BBC News.
The hearing was conducted by The Investigatory Powers Tribunal, a panel of senior judges. What I am having trouble comprehending is how an unelected panel can seemingly over rule statute Criminal law and common law?
Taking the whole thing further if Theresa May decided that people with red hair were a threat to public safety and instructed the security services to execute all persons with red hair, it seems all she would need is a panel of judges to rubber stamp it as lawful. I don’t think it a step too far to say that when a government can routinely excuse itself from it’s own criminal code we are in a very bad place as far as democracy goes.
Prove you are not a bot! * Time limit is exhausted. Please reload CAPTCHA. × = nine
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10337
|
__label__wiki
| 0.532613
| 0.532613
|
Doosan Group Makes Social Contribution for Sewol Disaster
Doosan Vina, a corporate body of Doosan HIC in Vietnam, conducts medical volunteer activities with employees in the Chung Ang University Healthcare System every summer.
On May 20, Doosan Group donated three billion won (US$2.93 million) for the family members of the Sewol ferry disaster’s victims and to improve the safety infrastructure of the country. Many companies, cities, organizations, and even celebrities including Hallu stars like Kim Su-hyun donated to this cause, but not in such a large scale as Doosan Group.
Shinsegae Group, one of the largest distribution and retail groups for food and fashion in Korea, sent a food truck to the disaster site to provide meals for 300 people, and South Korea’s top ramen manufacturing companies like Nongshim and Ottogi Food donated their brands’ ramen and water. But no other companies donated cash like the Doosan Group.
Assuming that the retail price of the most expensive ramen is 1,000 won (US$0.98) per package, even 10,000 packages would only amount to 10 million won (US$9,755). In this light, what Doosan Group has done to help out the ferry victims is quite generous.
As far-fetched as it might seem, it’s nothing unusual for this socially-friendly conglomerate. In fact, Doosan Group has a long history of making monetary social contributions. Under the philosophy of enabling the growth and independence of human beings, it has been focusing on helping out people.
Since 1978, when the Yonkang Foundation (now Doosan Yonkang Foundation) was founded under the slogan “Education is the main drive for national development,” which the first-generation Doosan Chairman Yonkang Park Du-byeong declared, it’s been providing financial support for academic research, overseas study, and book donations. It’s also operating Doosan Art Center for the purpose of aesthetically enriching people’s minds.
On top of this, the subsidiaries are making even more dynamic social contributions. Doosan Heavy Industries & Construction (Doosan HIC) made an agreement with Changwon City to collaborate on projects under local government policies, developing outstanding human resources, and supporting socially-neglected people. Doosan HIC is giving out financial support and scholarships to students of all ages under an agreement it made with special high schools and colleges. It also made connections with 70 child welfare facilities, runs experience programs for children and teenagers to experience new things and new places, and provides facility operating funds, donations for children, and even the famous study books published by Doosan Dong-a for free.
Globally, Doosan HIC is making social contributions in countries like Vietnam, India, and other Southeast Asian countries. Specifically, medical service, water pumps, scholarship programs, and other customized volunteer activities are being conducted in Vietnam. In India, it joined an elementary school in the region and is working on improving the country’s education environment.
Another subsidiary is working very hard on social contributions. Doosan Infracore has been building primary schools in China since 2001 through “Hope Public Duty,” a school-building movement in neglected areas. Until last year, it donated 985,000 yuan (162 million won, US$158 thousand) to build 26 primary schools in 25 cities and autonomous regions, and is currently building six more schools.
Doosan Engine, another subsidiary of Doosan Group, is doing a different kind of social contribution by protecting the environment. It’s cleaning the trash that is thrown out on the beach and the sea near Changwon’s central port where its diesel engines get shipped out. It is also making similar social contributions as other affiliates, such as making an MOU with Cheongwang School for special students to help the disabled students to become independent.
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10338
|
__label__wiki
| 0.598097
| 0.598097
|
You are here: Home › The BD Zoom 2019 Award inspires animated discussion
May 7, 2019 - Fondation
The BD Zoom 2019 Award inspires animated discussion
For three years, BNP Paribas (Suisse) has been working alongside the Department of Public Education, Training and Youth (Département de l’instruction publique, de la formation et de la jeunesse – DIP) in the canton of Geneva to explore the amazing variety of comic books in French-speaking Switzerland.
This year, three finalists stood out in particular owing to the topics they deal with.
An award promoting the amazing variety of comic books in French-speaking Switzerland
The BD Zoom Award aims above all to encourage reading among young people in French-speaking Switzerland, while casting a spotlight on the rather unique format of comic books.
“It is an incredible public-private partnership that is extremely beneficial,” stated Nadia Keckeis from the DIP.
Over the past few months, secondary school students in the canton of Geneva have had the opportunity to meet and interact with authors, and to read and critique their work. After studying their work, the students shortlisted three comics:
TED, drôle de coco by Émilie Gleason (Atrabile)
The End by Zep (Rue de Sèvres)
Acouphènes by Maurane Mazars (AGPI)
The three authors visited classrooms across Geneva to talk to students about their comics and the job of a comic book author and storyteller. The conversations were just as rewarding for the students as for the authors – a reminder that books are created with and by the reader.
Zep added, “20 years ago, no-one would have asked me into classes to promote reading. They would have invited a novelist.”
Championing difference, recognising unhappiness and raising awareness about protecting the environment
The finalists covered major, yet very different, topics ranging from autism and the existential quest to the importance of protecting the environment. However, they all shared one common theme: loneliness.
Émilie Gleason explains why she decided to focus on autism as the main subject of her work: “After studying for five years, I felt it important to speak about a serious and personal topic. I wanted to share my family’s experience, but using humour rather than pathos.”
Also drawing inspiration from her personal experience, Maurane Mazars speaks about her hero, Piet, who suffers from anxiety and lives and breathes music. “This comic is inspired partly by my own experience, but transposed into another context: music”.
For Zep, The End stems from an African story about antelopes being poisoned by trees that were defending themselves against a growing antelope population. This story was a factor that prompted research into the intelligence of trees. It inspired him to write a fictional story that sometimes bears a close resemblance to reality.
TED, a firm favourite among the young audience…
Around 300 students were given the opportunity to attend a meet-and-greet with the three finalists at the Geneva Book Fair. The authors fielded questions in a Q&A session and even sketched out a few comic strips for the audience. At the end of the event, the students chose their favourite comic from the three finalists.
The BD Zoom 2019 Award was presented to Émilie Gleason for Ted, drôle de coco in the presence of Anne Emery-Torracinta, State Councillor responsible for the DIP and Igor Joly, delegate general of the BNP Paribas Swiss Foundation.
…And BNP Paribas in Switzerland’s employees
BNP Paribas in Switzerland staff also participated in the students’ BD Zoom Award activities. After finding out which three comics had been shortlisted, they selected their own favourite comic book last Thursday after a special meeting with the three authors.
As was the case for the students, Émilie Gleason’s comic TED, drôle de Coco was the most popular among staff.
They were moved by the young author’s story and the messages conveyed through her comic strip.
This meeting between staff and authors inspired some animated discussion. One colleague at BNP Paribas in Switzerland said, “In addition to introducing us to books that we would not otherwise look for, the BD Zoom Award allowed us to get to know the authors and have a real dialogue with them.”
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10343
|
__label__wiki
| 0.517104
| 0.517104
|
The Souls of the Venture Bros
Wednesday 3rd July 2013 @ 9:46 PM
Okay, today I’m going to do something a little different: I consider the Venture Bros to probably be my favorite thing on television these days, so sometimes I like to read about it on the Internet. Now, I’m getting into a pretty big spoiler for the show here (though, one from the start of the second season and that was like forever ago), but I want to offer my own thoughts on the topic of the titular brothers, Hank and Dean, being clones. The idea is that the boys are so death-prone that their Super Scientist father has clones of them ready to go when needed and the boys’ beds record their minds as they sleep, so that the clones will have their memories. Simple enough. What I want to talk about today is… well, I occasionally see people on the Internet talking as though the fact that the Hank and Dean of today are cloned from the original Hank and Dean, it somehow means that these are not the “real” Hank and Dean, that they are, in fact different people who just happen to have the appearance and memories (in fact, Dean himself is going through a sort of existential crisis about that in the show as of this writing). So, in the interests of amassing evidence to argue against people who will never, ever see this website, here I will present my case:
Point I) In the universe of the Venture Bros, souls and the afterlife are confirmed to exist. Dr. Byron Orpheus, friend of the Venture family, is an accomplished necromancer and all manner of ghosts have been encountered (Abraham Lincoln in Guess Who’s Coming to State Dinner, Major Tom in Ghosts of the Sargasso, and a Native American tribe in Assassinanny 911, for examples). Knowing that the soul, in that world, is an actual thing, we would kind of have to say that who a person is would be defined by their soul.
Point II) The current clones of Hank and Dean have the souls of the previous incarnations. In the episode Powerless in the Face of Death, the episode that reveals the clonal nature of the boys, Orpheus travels to the afterlife in search of the boys’ souls and finds that their souls are not there. Continuing his search for the souls he comes to Dr. Venture’s lab, where he senses the souls within the machinery that Doc uses to record the boy’s memories. While Doc doesn’t believe in using the supernatural designation of “soul” preferring to think of it as just the boy’s “memory synapses,” but Orpheus is the expert in the supernatural and he says the souls are in there. It seems that one’s soul goes where a person’s “memories, hopes, and dreams” goes, and that’s what Doc has on store. Thus, with this information fed into the boys clone slugs every time they die, they are in essence carrying their soul with them.
To further my case, I point to The Family That Slays Together Part One, in which Hank notes that he “I jumped off my roof in a Batman costume. I think. I might have just dreamt it.” That was one of the ways that Hank died. Hank remembers this though it was probably not something that would have been recorded by his bed, and that indicates to me that he has carried a bit of memory from a previous body to his new one. It is especially worth noting that the ghost of Abraham Lincoln was only able to affect the physical world through objects that bore his image (statues, paintings, money, etc.). For the souls of Hank and Dean, their own cloned bodies would be a perfect fit.
To me, it looks like this: When the boys die, their soul goes to those Earthly things that most connect them to the world, their memories in Doc’s machinery, and then on into the clone slugs. That continuity of soul would mean that the clones of Hank and Dean now present are as much Hank and Dean as any Hank and Dean that ever came before. I fully agree that if we took a clone and let it live without downloading the souls into it, it would be a new person (look at D-19, the rejected Dean clone from Perchance to Dean). But the Hank and Dean of Season Four are still the Hank and Dean of Season One (and the dozen Hanks and Deans that died before that).
Permalinked: The Souls of the Venture Bros
Tagged: ghosts, television, Venture Bros
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10345
|
__label__cc
| 0.621249
| 0.378751
|
“What Makes It Great?” Shostakovich String Quartet No. 8
Kaufman Center (map)
Hear the best back story in the history of 20th century music.
The meaning of Shostakovich’s greatest chamber work, an emotionally wrenching piece he called his “ideologically depraved quartet,” has been contested for more than 50 years. Written in just three days in a white-hot burst of inspiration after visiting the bombed-out portions of Dresden, the quartet was officially dedicated to the victims of fascism and war. But did Shostakovich actually intend it as veiled criticism of Soviet rule meant to undermine the Communist regime? Or as a requiem for himself, a powerful testament to his own uniquely personal experience?
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10347
|
__label__wiki
| 0.612059
| 0.612059
|
Tanks for Nothing: Gabiétou
Dec 19, 2018 No comments
I'm not going to tell you the news any better than the major news outlets can, but I can just tell you the stories from my friends in France. The mood is, as you can imagine, bleak. It's not been helped by the fact that the weather the past couple weeks in Paris (and France in general) has also been bleak -- dark, cloudy, rainy, cold. Add to that cars burning in the streets, protesters building barricades, riots, injuries, looting, graffiti, a center-city lockdown, and now a terrorist shooting in Strasbourg on top of it all, and you'll understand my Parisian friends' gloominess. The photos of tanks on Paris city streets are, simply, surreal.
photo from: https://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/ny-metro-paris-riots-20181208-story.html
They say the mood has been reminiscent of the mood after the huge terrorist attacks in Paris -- both Charlie Hebdo and the Bataclan. But not exactly the same. Obviously, there are fewer deaths and there's less bloodshed, but there's also more physical destruction and more foreboding. Knowing the protests are going to happen brings its own kind of difficulties and trauma: watching the stores get boarded up to prevent shattered windows and looting, seeing the protective barricades go up, clearing the streets of cars, waiting for the emails of cancelled classes and competitions for the kids, and just generally waiting for the next march-turned-protest-turned-riot.
photo from: http://thethreetomatoes.com/travel-advice-what-you-can-learn-from-the-paris-riots
One acquaintance saw a young woman walking by the Jardin de Tuileries with shopping bags from "bourgeois" shops like Zara get harassed by Yellow Vest wearers for her rich Parisian ways. Shops were closing up in the weeks leading up to Christmas instead of having their biggest season of the year. End-of-year school parties, sports competitions, and after-school activities were closed, sad email by email through the days. Every conversation was about the Yellow Vests, and the protests, and the tax proposal, and Macron's position. It was all-consuming. Yet on the tiny neighborhood streets, far from the rioting, life was mostly normal, if you ignored the conversations going on around you.
photo from: https://www.newsweek.com/french-president-emmanuel-macron-calls-emergency-meeting-rioting-paris-1240404
I was reminded of that post-terrorist-attack mood myself just a few weeks ago when I was in San Francisco during the northern California Camp Fire, with nearly two weeks of the worst air on the planet coming from the smoke. Camp Fire was aptly named, because the air was so thick that the air actually smelled like one, and when I smell wood being burned even now, it makes my stomach churn. I think it will be a while before I can enjoy -- or even get my nose close to -- something smoked (yes, even cheese). The mood in the city was, like Paris then and Paris now, oppressive, heavy, dark, sad, and bewildered. With streets nearly empty of people, everything closing down (schools, businesses, museums), and people in their gas masks, it was more than just the darkened sky and visible pollution that made it feel apocalyptic. And so I don't have to reach back that far to remember that visceral feeling of hopelessness and stress.
On the other hand, the bleak Parisian mood disappeared almost immediately, just like the smoke in San Francisco, where after two weeks of thick pollution, it rained and suddenly the days once again became blue, sunny, cheery, and fresh-smelling. Just like that, literally overnight.
What did the riots, and the tanks accomplish? Well, besides the cars and buildings damaged and looted, they hurt pre-Christmas sales, of course. Imagine the stores shuttering up over the weekends in December. They did get the French government to agree to cancel (or perhaps just delay...) the proposed diesel tax hike that was the catalyst for the protests. The hoped-for benefits to the environment will have to wait. And people now just feel sick of the whole darn thing and want to get back to living. So it seems like rather than creating any sort of constructive dialog or actions, there's a whole lot of nothing that was gained.
The series of weekends saw terrible destruction in Paris and Strasbourg, yet Parisians say that the city now feels like nothing ever happened. Human resilience is amazing (and perhaps foolhardy: I don't think we're done with it all yet). And you've got to hand it to the clean-up crew.
THE CHEESE: Gabiétou
The cheese appears to be named after the Gabiétou (sometimes spelled Gabiétous) hill and peak and glacier at the absolute southernmost edge of France, in the Pyrénées, on the Spanish border. Then again, it could be a pun off the name of the original creator, Gabriel Bachelet, who invented this cheese in 2001.
About one part sheep's milk and two parts cows' milk, the original Gabiétou was made with raw milk near Pau, in the department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques in the southwest region now called Nouvelle-Aquitaine. There is now also a pasteurized version for export (though according to US law, it can be imported into America unpasteurized, since it's aged more than 60 days). This hard, mountain cheese has a season from November to July for its manufacture, followed by an affinage of 3-5 months. During that time, a salt water brine is rubbed on the cheese, which leads to the orange-copper crust.
Sometimes, the cheese is sold young, still with a pale, ivory-colored body and thin orange crust. Or, get an older version -- like the one I buy, aged by Hervé Mons -- with a deeper yellow body and thick, rusty-brown crust. The flavor intensifies with age, of course, but in general is nutty, mushroomy, very earthy, and quite delicious.
Yellow cheese, for the Yellow Vests. Also, the Gabiétou has a crust -- when aged -- that looks, roughly, like the body of a car that's been set on fire. It's made about as far from the troubles in Paris as a cheese could be, while still being in the Hexagon, and it's a very fine cheese that doesn't deserve to be paired with such an unpleasant story. So my apologies to Gabiétou.
Posted in: cow , famous people , history , rules & regulations , sheep , shopping , US/France transitions
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10351
|
__label__cc
| 0.713015
| 0.286985
|
BYD Receives INOVACIDADE AWARD
Tyler Li, General Manager of BYD Brazil, receiving the prize
An Award for the Positive Impact in Brazilian Cities
(CAMPINAS, September 9th 2014) On Thursday, September 4th, the Smart City Business Institute in partnership with the City of Curitiba, ADVB, Fercomércio and FENADVB PR promoted the third edition of the event Smart City Business Congress & Expo America. During the event, BYD Brasil received the InovaCidade award for the technical and economic demonstration of feasibility in qualifying bus fleets operating in Brazil with an equal or lower cost than similar buses powered by fossil fuels, hence, providing a better quality of life and environment for the Brazilian cities.
BYD buses are already being tested in some cities in Brazil. In São Paulo, Campinas, Rio de Janeiro and Salvador, the BYD electric buses showed an equivalent reduction from 75 % to 81 % in operating costs. This cost reduction is enough to enable bus operators to lease the batteries without compromising cash flow. It will then be possible to improve bus fleets in the major Brazilian cities without increasing the tariff rates. "As the price of energy is more stable than the price of diesel, the electric bus has shown that it is possible to reduce pollution as well as operating costs of bus systems, which is consistent with the civic demand for improvements in public transportation without raising fares " said Adalberto Maluf , Marketing Director of BYD.
The event participants included government representatives, non-governmental organizations, large companies CEOs also the mayor of Curitiba, Gustavo Fruet. During the event, Smart City Business organizers awarded organizations that directly or indirectly contributed to the quality of life in cities in Brazil. In addition to BYD, other large organizations were recognized for their work, including Dell, Ericsson, Microsoft, Phillips, and Fortaleza City Hall among others.
About Smart City America Congress & Expo
The Smart City Business America Congress & Expo is held at Smart City Business Institute, in partnership with the City of Curitiba, the Trade Federation of Parana, Curitiba Development Agency and Positivo University. Smart City Business brings together decision makers from the public and private sectors aiming to generate great business opportunities.
http://www.smartcitybusiness.com.br/
About BYD
BYD Company Ltd. is one of China’s largest companies and has successfully expanded globally. Specializing in battery technologies, their green mission to “solve the whole problem” has made them industry pioneers and leaders in several High-tech sectors including High-efficiency Automobiles, Electrified Public Transportation, Environmentally-Friendly Energy Storage, Affordable Solar Power and Information Technology and Original Design Manufacturing (ODM) services.
As the world’s largest manufacturer of rechargeable batteries, their mission to create safer and more environmentally friendly battery technologies has led to the development of the BYD Iron Phosphate (or "Fe") Battery. This fire-safe, completely recyclable and incredibly long-cycle technology has become the core of their clean energy platform that has expanded into automobiles, buses, trucks, utility vehicles and energy storage facilities. BYD and all of their shareholders, including the great American Investor Warren Buffett, see these environmentally and economically forward products as the way of the future.
BYD has made a strong entrance to the North, Central and South American markets with their battery electric buses, and lineup of automobiles. Their mission lies not just in sales growth, but also in sociological integration and local job creation as they have poured incredible investments into developing offices, dealerships and manufacturing facilities in the local communities they now call home, truly a first for Chinese companies. For more information, please visit www.byd.com
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10359
|
__label__wiki
| 0.761647
| 0.761647
|
Home Collectible Coins Walking Liberty Half Dollars 1916-1947
1938 D Walking Liberty Silver Half Dollar
Item#: WLHA15
WLHA15
1938 D Walking Liberty Silver Half Dollar.
Key date in the short set. Coin grades a Very Good
The year was 1916 and major changes were taking place in the United States not only socially and historically but in coinage too. During the previous decade new designs had been used on six different U.S. coins, supplanting the more typial sedate 19th-century portraits that were standard on US coinage. In 1916 three more old-style coins the Barber silver coins were being retired in favor of new style coins.
Outside artists not on the staff of the U.S. Mint had furnished new designs for the six previous changes, and in 1915 three noted sculptors Hermon A. MacNeil, Albin Polasek and Adolph A. Weinman were invited to submit designs for the three new silver coins. Weinman ended up being awarded two of the three coins, the dime and half dollar, with MacNeil getting the quarter.
Weinman chose a full-length figure of Liberty striding toward the dawn of a new day, clad in the Stars and Stripes and carrying branches of laurel and oak symbolizing civil and military glory on the obverse and on the reverse a majestic eagle perched on a mountain crag, wings unfolded in a pose suggesting power, with a sapling of mountain pine, symbolic of America, springing from a rift in the rock. These strongly patriotic themes resonated perfectly across a nation then preparing to enter World War I. Weinman placed his initials (AW) directly under the eagle’s tail feathers.
First-year coins from the branch mints in Denver and San Francisco carry the “D” or “S” mintmark on the obverse, below IN GOD WE TRUST, as do some pieces minted the following year. Partway through production in 1917, the mintmarks’ location was moved to the lower left of the reverse, just below the sapling, and that’s where it remained until the series ended in 1947.
Over 485 million Walking Liberty halves were made between 1916 and 1947, but they were issued only sporadically during the 1920s and early ‘30s, none being minted in 1922, 1924-26 and 1930-32. These were coins with substantial buying power, enough to buy a loaf of bread, a quart of milk and a dozen eggs in the early ‘30s, so it didn’t take huge quantities to fill Americans’ needs, especially after the Wall Street crash plunged the nation into the Great Depression.
Mintages were particularly low in 1921, and the P, D and S half dollars from that year all rank among the major keys of the series. Other scarce issues include the 1916, 1916-S, 1917-D and S (with the mintmarks on the obverse) and 1938-D. Brilliant proofs were minted from 1936 to 1942, totaling 74,400 pieces, and a very few satin-finish proofs were struck in 1916 and ‘17.
The Franklin half dollar succeeded the Walker in 1948. But 38 years later, in 1986, Uncle Sam dusted off the Weinman design for the obverse of the one ounce American Eagle silver bullion coin, which has been minted annually ever since.
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10361
|
__label__wiki
| 0.629384
| 0.629384
|
Corpus Grace
By William Broom
Issue #234, September 14, 2017
Subscribe Weightless Books Kindle Store Epub Mobi prc Pdf
1. The Priest
The priest slept in the saddle, passing in and out of half-remembered dreams. The one-eyed girl sat in front of him, driving the horse on across the steppe. They passed through tiny villages and nomad camps, where the people welcomed them and warned of where soldiers had last been seen. “It is too dangerous for you,” they said to the priest. “Move slowly, and only at night, or you will be caught.” But all the years of hiding were behind him now. It was a long way to the tomb of the saint, and they did not have much time.
He had lived in secrecy for so long that he had forgotten what it was like to see the open plain in the daylight. When the one-eyed girl had found him, he had been hiding in a ger, squeezed into a stifling gap between the inner and outer walls. The herdsmen who he was visiting had put him there because they thought the approaching rider was an Imperial spy. They shouted at her, “Go away, mountain girl, go! There are no priests here.” But when he heard her say: “I have come from Kou,” he had wriggled out of the secret space and showed himself. Only something very dire could have brought her here to find him, a hundred miles away from the mountains of her home. And because she came from Kou, he had known at once that the saint must be in danger.
As they traveled, the one-eyed girl said little. When they stopped to rest, she would build the fire, heat the pot, and boil the meat that the herders had given them. She never let the priest do any of the work. The first night, after they had eaten, she took off his boots and washed his feet. He didn’t let her do that again.
He remembered her from his previous visits to Kou. She was young enough that he had probably blessed her when she was born. But he could not remember how she had gotten the scar. It made a ragged canyon down her face, from her right eye socket to her jaw. By the way she wore it, he guessed she had had it a long time.
On the third day they passed another herders’ camp: a half-dozen tents clustered around a thin stream that wound across the plain. From this central point, the herds were spread out from horizon to horizon, like the wings of a great bird. Their food and water was not close to running out, so the one-eyed girl rode on without stopping. But before they were out of sight, one of the herds crossed their path, putting an impassable river of sheep and goats in front of them. As soon as the herdsmen recognized the priest, they were eager to speak with him.
“Please let us welcome you at our camp,” they said. “It has been a long time since we were visited by a priest.”
The one-eyed girl watched them warily, but the priest was not suspicious. Long ago he had made a choice to trust all the people of the steppe with his life, just as they trusted him with their souls. Still, he did not want to stop.
“We are in a hurry,” he said, “and there is still far for us to go.”
The herdsmen did not ask where he was going. Silence ran deep among the steppe tribes, and they trusted that whatever mission he was on was a sacred one. But he could hear the soft plea in their voices.
“My sister—she had a child only a week ago,” one of them said. “Will the saint give her a blessing?”
It would be better for the child if he said no. Only a week old and already she was bound for all of this: a life of covert spirituality, of grace bartered in dark corners and scraped together from doctrines written by dead men. Let her be raised in the imperial faith, he thought. Let her forget the doomed religion of her grandmothers. Yet he knew this could not be, for his was the only faith that the steppe-people knew. If they did not have this, they would have nothing.
“There is no time,” the one-eyed girl murmured to him.
The winters were harsh on the steppe. Many infants did not live through their first. He might be the only priest the baby ever saw.
He nodded to the herdsmen. “I will call the saint.”
As they rode toward the camp, the herdsmen blew on their ram’s-horns and others echoed them across the plain: the saint is coming! The elders of the tribe came out to greet him in their yellow robes and foxskin hats. Bells were rung and sandalwood burned in an iron bowl.
These were not his rituals but theirs. Before the saints had come to the steppe, these people had worshipped spirits. Saint Theodore—heaven send that he find peace—had counseled his missionaries to leave those old ways intact wherever they were compatible with the scripture. The false idols had been destroyed, but other things remained: the burning of sandalwood, the chants of the storytellers, the cups of mares’ blood and milk. Such things were immaterial to the Divine Mission. The instruments of grace are ten thousand in number, the priest had learned in the seminary—the number ten thousand having stood for the infinite in the ancient texts.
That was the bargain Saint Theodore had made for the people’s souls. It had made him a schismatic in the eyes of the Canon Church, but it had cemented the faith of the steppe peoples forever. In spite of everything, they remained strong.
By the time the last shepherd had come in from the plain, the sun had already set. It was time for the calling to begin. One of the elders began to beat a drum. The others sang from their throats, filling the air with deep harmonic tones. The people crowded around in a half-circle, clasping offerings for the saint. The one-eyed girl stood off to the side but watched intently.
Orienting himself by the stars, the priest knelt down and used two fingers to draw a circle around himself in the dirt. The people pressed forward to lay their gifts on the circle: fruit, vegetables, bonecrafts, and embroidered fabrics. In his youth he would never have allowed such offerings to be made. It far too much resembled the sacrifices they had made to spirits in the time before Saint Theodore came to them. He felt guilty about it, but he no longer had the strength to deny it to them. It gave them comfort; and what was one more heresy among so many others?
He dug into his pack and unbuttoned the secret pocket there. The hide scroll was slipped snugly into the lining of the bag, so that it might easily be overlooked. He drew it out and laid it in front of him.
Silence settled over the villagers when they saw the scroll. Even the youngest child knew they were looking upon a thing of power and danger. Only the newborn continued to cry from within the ger.
The code on the scroll, which had taken months for him to master in the seminary, was now like a mother tongue to him. The symbols on the hide aligned with the eternal landmarks in the sky above, showing him the way.
He adjusted his position several times, making notches in the circle to guide himself through the precise movements that were required. The night was cold and his hands shook, but eventually he was finished. He was now facing, to within one-hundredth of a degree, toward Saint Mirabina’s barrow.
He stood, arms outstretched like a scarecrow, leaning into the wind. He mouthed the words: O holy Saint Mirabina, patron of the forlorn, grant that your grace may enter into me!
And the plain lurched away beneath him.
As always, there was a moment when their minds formed a bridge and he found himself inside her body. He looked through her eyes into the blackness of the tomb; he smelled the musk of old stone and moisture; he felt the cloth bindings biting into her skin. He felt her pain.
Two nails through her hands, one through her feet; and on her chest the weight of centuries.
Then the vision was gone, and instead she was moving into him. He stepped back from the window of his mind and saw things only from afar. His body was a distant object, moving with a volition that was not his own. Saint Mirabina had taken him over.
The same old feeling spilled through him, like the warmth of a fire, like sunlight pouring through a half-open door. He saw the world as she saw it: the marvelous symphony of the heavens, the divine mystery of the earth. Fear faded away. Death faded away. There was no past or future, only the eternal stillness that was God.
She smiled.
As soon as she lowered her arms, the people knew who she was. They could tell by the way she moved, by the softness in her eyes, by her smile; the man’s body was just a shallow skin that she wore. No one could mistake her for anything other than a saint.
She moved among the tribespeople and spoke to them, each as individuals. The things she said were no grand statements of theology, only simple words, but they were just what each person needed to hear. She drew on the memories in the priest’s mind, acting upon things that he had noticed or suspected. To some she offered words of comfort, to others words of warning. For many, a firm squeeze of their hand was all that was needed.
Last of all she came to the one-eyed girl and embraced her.
“Do not be afraid,” she whispered. “The faith shall always endure.”
Then she left the crowd and went into the ger. The mother was curled up under dark furs with her new child at her breast. But it cried and would not suckle.
The saint came close to her. Calmly she laid a hand on the baby’s head.
“Let God smile upon this child,” she said.
The babe continued to cry. The mother’s face shifted between a hesitant smile and a frown.
“You thought she would be quiet when I gave her my blessing?” said the saint.
Bashfully, the young woman nodded.
“But that is her way. The rain falls, the grass grows, the wave breaks, the baby cries. You cannot tell any of them to be other than what they are.”
The mother nodded. Then Saint Mirabina rose and stepped out of the ger, leaving her grace behind her like a charm.
She looked toward the northwest. The moon was big and bright above the vacant steppe.
“I must go,” she said. “This body cannot take much more strain.”
The villagers pleaded with her but to no avail. She stepped out of the priest’s body and he became himself again, tired and worn as an old cloth.
“You must stay now until morning,” the elders told him.
He shook his head. He was deeply wearied by the ritual, but he knew he had to go on. He had feared for some time that the inquisitors had some way of tracking him whenever he called on Mirabina.
It was all he could manage to climb onto the horse behind the one-eyed girl and hold on tight. He faded in and out of awareness as they rode across the starlit steppe, sometimes almost dreaming of the saint.
Long ago he had been strong. He had been able to hold the saint’s essence for hours at a time. His faith had had other saints in those days: Theodore and Batuphon and Peter of Huxa. All gone now, all found and burned by the inquisitors.
In those days he had been one of dozens of priests and priestesses. They had shared the saints between them; the lower half of his scroll was a lunar calendar that dictated the days and times that he could summon a particular saint. He did not heed it any more, but occasionally when he called Mirabina she would not answer. Each time it happened was like a silent signal: that someone else, somewhere out there, was calling on her as well.
The next day, the mountains could be seen in the distance. By nightfall they filled half the sky. The plain gave way to hills with a light scattering of trees. The priest and the one-eyed girl slept a few hours and went on. At daybreak she raised her arm and pointed northwest, to a tangle of smoke trails rising from the hills.
“There is the road,” she said. “It is close now.”
An hour later they arrived at Kou. The village had grown since the last time he had come: a dozen new huts had sprung up on the ridges above the town center. Despite his warnings, there were always those who wanted to live closer to the saint and who saw the village itself as a sacred site. Yet most of the faces that greeted him were still familiar: women he had counseled on their marriages, men he had dissuaded from folk-magic, and many children whose births he had blessed. As he dismounted from his horse, the people reached out to touch his hands or the hem of his cloak. An old woman wept silently, the tears following deep furrows down her cheeks.
He was used to the love that they showed him here. He knew it was not truly him they loved but the saint; he could not be jealous, for he loved her also.
The one-eyed girl’s family was waiting to welcome her home. She left him outside the headman’s house, where he was given a bed in a quiet room at the back. He fell asleep at once, but the feeling of urgency stayed with him, and he woke again after only a few hours.
The headman and his family were waiting in the common room. They served him with anxious solicitousness, offering him the choicest cuts from a fresh-killed goat. They would not hurry him, no matter how much they wished to. Part of him wanted to sit and enjoy their hospitality as long as he could, but he knew that time was short, so he ate quickly and then said: “Take me to see the road.”
If they had been allowed, the whole village would have gladly accompanied him. Instead the headman limited it to a select few whom he considered the ‘most pious’, the one-eyed girl among them.
The trail wound up through the stony foothills of Mount Damash. The country was wide and almost treeless, save for the narrow defiles where water ran down from the mountains. After an hour they came to the crest of a hill that was marked with a cairn of stones. This was the threshold of the sacred; to go into the valley beyond was forbidden to all but the priests.
From the summit, they could see the unfinished road. It stretched back across the steppe all the way to the western horizon. Dozens of campfires burned at its head, and men and beasts moved back and forth in the haze. They were workers from the west, brought in at great expense to push the road forward. It would curve north from here, crossing over the mountains to connect the Eastern Capital to the Empire’s most far-flung tributaries. It was the largest thing that had ever come to this part of the world.
“They bring the road here to destroy her,” said the one-eyed girl.
No, he thought—if they knew where Mirabina was they would already have burned her. But he did not correct the girl. Her people had a simpler way of looking at the world. They saw a purpose behind everything, whether for good or evil. To them the Empire was a vast demon crouched beyond the horizon, a singular entity of bottomless malice.
From here the saint’s barrow was not quite visible, though the priest knew precisely where it was—down in the sacred valley, hidden behind a screen of birches and poplars. The curve of the road would lead inevitably through the valley on its way up to the pass. The workers would be collecting firewood, hunting wild fowl, scouting the terrain for dangers. And if by God’s grace they did not find it, then before long there would be many travelers on this road, merchants passing along the newest of the Empire’s arteries. Sooner or later, someone would stumble upon the tomb.
He turned to look at the hill-folk assembled behind him. They were all watching him in expectation. Their faces were solemn but with joyous smiles lurking beneath the surface. He realized they were waiting for him to perform a miracle; to turn the road aside just like Saint Omon had turned aside the floodwaters. He had never shown them any such power before, but they believed wholeheartedly that he could do it, for the alternative was unthinkable. It would make sense, up here on this windswept hilltop, at the hour of most desperate need; the whole scene was like something out of one of the lives of the saints. But he was no saint, only an old man of corrupted faith. He had nothing for them.
At last he said: “I see.” And then: “Let us return to the village. I must call on the saint.”
The hill folk’s rituals were different to those of the steppe herders yet fundamentally the same. Instead of purifying smoke they had a bowl of oil and balsam that the elders painted on each supplicant’s forehead. There was no need for the star map this time. Here they had a line of sunken stones that pointed the way precisely to the saint’s barrow. All the priest had to do was kneel along that line and call her into him.
When she had come and gone, the villagers were left even more confident that danger would be averted, though she had said nothing to them other than a few vague words of comfort.
“Do not be afraid,” the priest told them. “The saint has revealed to me what must be done. Go to your rest now, for I must pray.” None of them questioned him.
He followed the stone line up to the ridge that overlooked the village. He knelt there for a long time as the sky turned from blue to black. At first he was only waiting for the villagers to go to sleep. Then, as the night grew quiet, he began to pray in earnest. It had been a long time, he realized, since he had prayed to her; not summoning her into his body but simply kneeling and asking her for help.
It had been three years since he had last received the same communion that he dispensed to others. He was an instrument of grace, but having it pass through him was not the same as receiving it himself. He felt sure that he would understand—that he would see once again the infinite intricacy of God’s plan, the rightness of all things—if he could only see her smile again. But he had no-one. He could not feel God with him any longer. He was only an old man, pudgy and beaten, murmuring useless words to the wind.
“O holy Mirabina, mother of grace and stillness, forgive me for what I am about to do,” he said. Then he went back down into the village to find a mattock.
2. The Inquisitor
At first light they struck camp and saddled the horses. Before they left, the inquisitor knelt down in the grass to make her devotions. The earth seemed to curve in a bow shape around her: the featureless steppe receding behind, the hills and mountains rising up ahead. In such a vertiginous landscape God did not seem far away. But when she closed her eyes she could only see the face of the herdsman she had put to the question.
O Lord, she thought, let all this be part of your plan. I could not bear it if it were not.
When it became necessary to acquire information by force, she always chose the oldest and most intransigent subjects—those who were most deeply lost to heresy. For the young ones, she still held out hope that they could be made to see the light.
We are at war, they had taught her in the missionary school, but the people are not the enemy. The people are the battleground. Sometimes, some battlegrounds had to be given up so that the greater cause could flourish.
She opened her eyes and saw the young soldier, Darien, praying beside her. He had a tiny folding eikon of Saint Humbert in his pack, which he brought out every morning. The sight made her smile, and she wondered if this itself was God’s answer to her prayer.
Ahri was already on his horse. Not a religious bone in his body, though she had known him long enough to say that he was a good man. He waited while the other two mounted, and they began the day’s journey.
They rode north. North was all the herdsmen had been able to tell her, no matter how she worked upon them. They had deliberately remained ignorant of the priest’s movements; what they didn’t know they couldn’t tell. But they had said he went with a muamin girl—a house-dweller, not a nomad like them. That meant he was headed for the mountains.
She fingered the clasp of her scroll-case. She wished she could call upon Saint Eremas, the Huntsman. He would sniff out the apostate like a mongoose chasing a serpent from its burrow. But the new Imperial calendar did not give her Eremas again for another nine days.
As they moved up into the hills, they saw smoke rising in the distance.
“Soldier, what is that?” she asked Darien. “It looks like an army.”
“It is the new road, Inquisitor.”
Of course—the road through the Kharenian Pass had been all the people were talking about back in Hama. She studied the skyline: the wooded hills rising steeply to become the slopes of the mountains, whose granite faces passed in a seemingly endless procession from west to east. The muamin girl had come urgently, the herdsmen had said, and taken the priest away almost at once. Her heart began to beat faster.
Ahri rode up beside her. “Are you thinking the same thing as me?”
The inquisitor squinted into the glare. “A new road, passing through ancestral hill country. One of the old heartlands of the heresy. The priest, called back there in a hurry when the locals realize that the road is coming. I can’t help but wonder.”
“Now wouldn’t that be something? After all these years, to find that one of their own priests has led us to the last anti-saint of the Theodorian Heresy?”
“It shall be as God wills it,” the inquisitor replied; but as they rode on she could not keep from scanning the hills and ridges.
The village was small and old: a cluster of squat wattle-and-daub houses surrounding a narrow stream that ran down from the mountains. There was no one in sight. The doors of the cottages were closed and the windows shuttered as if against the rain.
A child peered out of a side door to stare at the soldiers and the woman in her strange red cloak. For a moment their eyes met, and the inquisitor’s heart hurt. It was always the children that wounded her the most. Then the boy’s mother pulled him back inside and shut the door.
The village had no church, only a little shrine in the town square with a collection of dusty eikones. There were fresh cherries and apricots laid at the saints’ feet. Very fresh; the inquisitor guessed they had been put there when the villagers had seen her coming.
While they were looking at the shrine, a man came out from a large house on the other side of the square, wearing a heavy fur hat that marked him as the village’s headman. He prostrated himself stiffly before them, his forehead nearly touching the ground. When he was finished, he shouted, and a trio of elders came out of the same house, bringing sacred salt to cast at the visitors’ feet. Next there came seven girls, also bowing and scraping.
The inquisitor had seen these kinds of displays before. The people said all the right words and went through all the motions of piety, but their faces remained closed to her. There was almost a sense of mockery in their exaggerated subservience, a bluster that precluded any chance of an honest connection. Part of her wanted to shout at them, to embrace them, to do anything that might break through that wall of denial. For how could the truth ever reach them if they would not even admit to their heresy?
She looked at the villagers’ faces and saw cattle led blindly to the slaughter. They believed fervently that they had found their own path to salvation. They did not know that God had given mankind a single path only, and that was through the intercession of the true saints.
When the welcoming was done, the headman called for the visitors’ horses to be cared for and begged them to eat dinner at his house. Weary from days of riding, the inquisitor accepted.
The inside of the headman’s house was dark. The shutters were closed and the only light came from the fireplace, where an old woman stirred a pot of stew.
“Food will be ready for you soon,” said the headman. “Please, sit.”
Darien looked suspicious, but Ahri just shrugged, claimed a hide-covered divan in the corner of the room and began polishing his talwar.
“We are here pursuing a heretic priest,” said the inquisitor. “Has anyone come here in the past two days?”
“Nobody has come. There are no heretics here. If there were we would not let them in, but drive them away. We are pious people.” The headman was sharp; he had not hesitated at all. But from the corner of her eye she had seen the old woman pause stirring the pot for just a moment.
“I will go to make sure that soft beds are prepared for you,” said the headman. He left.
“Do not believe anything these people tell you,” Darien murmured. “The suzerain has had much trouble with them. When missionaries come they pretend to be converted, but out of sight they are all still Theodorians. There have been purges in the hill country, many times, but they never learn.” His eyes flashed with righteous fervor. “In Hama we all hate these people, you can be sure. They are no better than devil worshippers.”
“Hate is not the way, soldier. Hate not the darkness, but shine a light upon it.“
He frowned. “What shall I do, then?”
“Pity them. They are outside God’s grace and they do not even know it. Most especially I pity the children. It is said the anti-saint is called to give her blessing to the babes as soon as they are born. Their lives have barely begun and already they are condemned.”
Darien nodded and fell silent. She could see he was considering her words seriously. After some time he took out his eikon and made his devotions. The old woman ladled out the stew and gave some to each of them. The headman did not return.
“I’ll go and check on the horses,” said Darien, obviously restless. “I doubt these people will have bothered to pick out the hooves.”
He went out.
Quietly, Ahri said: “What do you think are the chances, Inquisitor?”
“That she is buried here? I don’t know. There aren’t many places left that we haven’t already searched.”
“It would be the making of your career if you found her. You could return to the Capital.”
She shook her head. “I’ve been out here too long now, Ahri. The steppe is my home now. The people need me.”
“Even these people?”
“Especially these people.”
Ahri frowned, looking over her shoulder. She turned and saw that the old woman had gone. They were alone.
“Did she leave before or after you said—”
There was a hoarse shout from somewhere outside.
Ahri’s hand went to his sword. “Stay here.”
“No,” the inquisitor said. “Both of us will go.”
The night was dark and moonless. A cold wind crawled down from the mountains and black clouds hung heavy in the sky. There was no sign of anyone in the town square, but a light was shining from behind a wall some way down the street. As they crept closer they saw it: an oil lantern, hung halfway up a sloping alley of rough-cut steps. Ahri hissed when he spotted it, like a wildcat hissed when it scented a hunter waiting in ambush. But they went in all the same.
Darien was lying on the steps below the lantern. A pool of darkness spread underneath him and glimmered in the light. His throat was cut nearly all the way through, leaving his neck bent at an unnatural angle.
Somewhere in the dark, a drum began to beat.
The villagers closed in from both sides of the alley. They were carrying knives or spears, and wearing masks: images of grotesque devils with pointed tusks and bronze rings through their cheeks. Their garments were relics of a heathen past but blasphemously embellished with symbols of the true faith. One wore a robe embroidered with the Name of God, while another had a jangling necklace of six crucifixes.
Whatever sympathy the inquisitor had had for these people, it was gone. In its place was a cool, white fury that sat in her chest like a stone.
“We need a saint, right now,” said Ahri. “You start the ritual and I’ll try to hold them off.”
“The ritual won’t be necessary,” she said, taking a clay phial from a pocket in her sleeve. “Soldier, what you are about to see is an Imperial secret. You are not to reveal it to anyone, on pain of excommunication.”
She unstoppered the phial and drank it down. She felt the jerk of her spirit leaving her body before the taste had left her lips.
With the fluid it was never an easy transition. It felt dirty, crude, like a spike thrust through her mind. She was in the saint’s body, in the sepulcher at Ramos a thousand miles away. She was trapped and panicking inside an embalmed corpse, staring out at the others hanging in row after row, crucifixion after crucifixion.
Then it was done. Saint Androminus shuddered as he took over her body and mind. The first thing he saw was a masked man lunging toward him with a curved knife. He took the man by the wrist and bent his arm back until it snapped at the elbow, then let him fall to the ground.
The other villagers stared at the saint, all rooted to the spot. His presence alone was enough to bring about the Holy Fear in them; their limbs trembled, and their hands struggled to hold their spears. They already knew in their hearts that they could not stand against him.
“My God is a gentle God to his servants,” said the saint, “but to those who scorn him he is vengeful, and he will deliver swift and dreadful retribution upon them.”
He drew his sword, and a shudder ran through the crowd like the wind passing over a field of grain.
In the morning, Ahri and the inquisitor took Darien’s body and buried him out of sight of the village. The bodies of the villagers they left where they had fallen. The hills were quiet; the inquisitor didn’t know where the children had run to, but there was no sign of them now.
After it was done, they returned to the outskirts of the village so they could find the stone line. The directions Androminus had extracted from the headman were simple and precise. They faced north along the line and began to walk. After an hour they came to the hilltop with the cairn, just as he had said. They went on down into the valley beyond and found the barrow.
The mound was large but unmarked. Covered as it was with a century’s worth of vegetation, it almost looked like a natural part of the landscape. The inquisitor might have walked right past it were it not for the fact that the tomb had been opened. A ragged hole was torn in its side, with loose earth heaped up around the threshold. The darkness within was framed by dangling roots.
The inquisitor and Ahri looked at each other. They bent their heads and stepped inside. The chamber was small and rudimentary, with no adornment to show that it served a religious purpose. It might as easily have been a storehouse for food or grain. A little sunlight filtered in to touch the back wall.
Ahri folded his arms. “Those people were going to kill you—an imperial inquisitor. Even out here, that would mean death to them when they were caught. They wouldn’t have done that for an empty tomb.”
The inquisitor shook her head. “They did it for the one who emptied it.” She ran her hand along the broken seal. “This work is fresh. We could be less than a day behind him.”
The cold fury rose up in her again. Even yesterday, he had been here—the serpent she had been hunting for the past three months. He had been spreading his poison in the villages, in the ears of children. If she had been there a day faster, she would have caught him. If she had been faster, then the villagers—
She slipped her fingers around the phial in her sleeve.
“Go look for the trail,” she said. “It should be easy to find. He will be carrying something heavy.”
They climbed through the hills all day and camped that night on the southern slope of Mount Damash. God willed that there would be neither rain nor snowfall, and the priest’s trail was still visible the next day. Once they crossed the snowline it was even easier to track him. Frequently they saw depressions where he had stumbled, and sometimes there were angular shapes in the snow where he had set down the cross to rest.
“He can’t be far ahead of us now,” she said at midday.
Ahri nodded but glanced at the sky: clouds were coming in across the plain, promising snowfall. They went on.
Her world narrowed down to only three things: the glare of the snow, the blue shapes of the footprints, and the cold biting at her bones. Ahri lagged behind—she knew he would have liked to rest, but she would not stop. The fury of the Lord warmed her from within.
By the late afternoon they were drawing close to the peaks of Mount Damash and her sister, Mount Erub. The priest had taken a harsh route, far from any of the commonly used paths. As they came up to the grand saddle between the two peaks, the smoky clouds overhead finally began to let forth snow. The inquisitor marched on grimly, as though she could outpace even the processes of nature. But the trail began to fade. She stared hard into the gloom, trying to keep it in sight.
“I’ve lost it,” she said at last.
“We need to go back. This weather looks like it’s settling in for the night.”
“He can’t be far. We’ll spread out and keep looking. Shout if you see any sign of the trail.”
Ahri hesitated. But he was a soldier at heart, and she was his commanding officer. He did as he was ordered.
The wind blowing over the ridge made the inquisitor’s eyes stream with tears. She stared into the snow, willing it to give up its secrets. In the end it was Ahri who found it, though. When she heard his shout she hurried back towards him. He shouted again, but his voice was snatched by the wind. She looked where he was pointing. A hundred feet down the far side of the saddle, a still shape was silhouetted against the snow.
Without waiting for Ahri, the inquisitor started to make her way down the slope. From a long way off she could see that the priest was dead. From a little closer she could see that the anti-saint and the crucifix were nowhere in sight.
“No,” she said. “No!” She skidded through the snow toward the body. He looked small and sad, lying there with his thin woolen cloak wrapped around him. He was old and slightly overweight, and his chin was hairless from years of taking the spirit of a woman into himself.
The inquisitor could not remember hating anyone so much.
“You bastard,” she shouted. “Where is she?” She pulled out her sword and raised it over her head, but it wouldn’t come down—Ahri was there, grabbing her wrist.
“Enough, inquisitor. He’s gone.”
She shrugged him off. “We have to keep moving. We have to find the anti-saint.”
“No. We need to head back, now.”
She stared into the thickening air. Every indent in the snow might have been a footprint, rapidly filling in and about to vanish forever. She felt her anger guttering, and a dull emptiness rising to take its place.
“Wherever she is,” said Ahri, “she’s not in her tomb any more. The old maps won’t work. The others won’t be able to call on her.”
The inquisitor gave a hoarse bark. “There are no others,” she said. “He was the last.”
She let Ahri take her arm and help her back up the slope. When they reached the top of the saddle she looked back once. The body was already being covered by the snow.
3. The Saint
It was said that no one who became a saint had ever had the ambition to be one. So it was with her. She had never really wished to be anything other than what she was, which was not very much. But she was old, and she would be fading soon one way or another, so she had agreed to it.
Of course there was pain—not only when they set her on the cross, but also from the bandages they wrapped around her, dripping with embalming oil that burned her skin. But she had never expected that death would come without pain. She had been preparing for it for many years; indeed, perhaps her whole life’s work was learning how to die.
Once she was in the tomb, it was not like living but more like dreaming—the kind of dreams that had no form but trembled on the edge of awareness. When she was called upon by the priests, she was awake, but then she was not really herself any more. She was more than she had been in life, and less. She was what they had made her.
The years and decades rolled by over her slumber. She did not count them, but she knew she was called on less and less, by fewer and fewer priests. She knew that her people suffered more. She knew the dwindling of the light.
Then there was the mattock, and the wall of the tomb breaking open. Then she was awake again.
She saw the man, whose body she had worn so many times, as he dragged her from the barrow and lifted her onto his back. She saw him struggling under her weight as he carried her up into the mountains, battered by the wind and frost. She was not afraid, but she pitied him, and it hurt her to see him hurt. She wished she could leave her body one last time and give him solace.
Then there was the cave. The man went away and did not return. She lay propped against a rock, looking outwards at the dim shaft of light from the entrance. The light waxed and waned many times, but whether that was the passing of days or seasons she could not tell.
Then the children came. They were gaunt and ill-clothed, their eyes like sunken hollows in their skulls. The oldest of them had a cruel scar running from her eye socket to her jaw.
With trembling hands, she unrolled a hide scroll and laid it on the ground before the saint. The other children knelt behind her and bent their heads in prayer.
Slowly, silently, she began to perform the ritual.
© Copyright 2017 William Broom
Read Comments on this Story (No Comments Yet)
William Broom lives in Melbourne, Australia. His work has previously appeared in Canary Press Short Story Magazine and The Never Never Land anthology.
“The Sacrifice Pit” by Brian Dolton
“Our Fire, Given Freely” by Seth Dickinson
Leave a comment on “Corpus Grace”
Background & Cover Art © Jordan Grimmer
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10363
|
__label__cc
| 0.722287
| 0.277713
|
My job is to help you experience the best life possible with the money you have.
E-mail address: mbeshoar@brookstoneadvisor.com
Comprehensive Investment Management
Your Retirement Dream
Printed from: www.beshoarfinancial.com
The Fed Hits the Brakes: No Rate Hikes Projected in 2019
At its meeting on March 20, 2019, the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) maintained the benchmark federal funds rate at the target range of 2.25% to 2.50% that was set in December 2018. This in itself was not surprising. But other communications signaled a definite hiatus in the Fed’s policy of raising interest rates and tightening the money supply.1
The FOMC has raised the funds rate nine times since December 2015, with four increases in 2018 alone. As recently as September 2018, the committee projected three more increases in 2019. That dropped to two projected increases at the December meeting. But the March projections suggest that there may be no rate increases in 2019 at all.2
The FOMC also indicated that it would slow its program of reducing excess reserves of Treasuries and other government securities that were built up during and after the recession in a policy known as quantitative easing. The reduction program will stop after September 2019 unless conditions change, reflecting the Fed’s belief that there is no need for further tightening of the money supply.3
The strongest communication to come out of the March meeting may be the unusually direct comments from Fed Chairman Jerome Powell. “We don’t see data coming in that suggest we should move in either direction,” he said. “They suggest that we should remain patient and let the situation clarify itself over time....It may be some time before the outlook for jobs and inflation calls clearly for a change in policy.”4
Dual Mandate
Powell’s reference to jobs and inflation reflects the Federal Reserve’s dual mandate to foster maximum employment and price stability. The FOMC sets monetary policy in accordance with the mandate, using two primary tools: the federal funds rate and the monetary supply.
The federal funds rate is the interest rate at which banks lend funds to each other overnight to maintain legally required reserves. The funds rate serves as a benchmark for many short-term rates set by banks, including the prime rate, which in turn influences consumer rates such as auto loans and credit-card rates. It can also influence longer-term rates.
Theoretically, lowering interest rates and increasing the money supply will stimulate the economy, which is why the Fed took these measures during the recession and extended them through the long, slow recovery. (The federal funds rate was near zero for eight years, from December 2007 to December 2015.)
On the other hand, raising rates and tightening the money supply are intended to slow the economy, primarily to control inflation. In theory, a strong economy with low unemployment should put workers in a position to demand higher wages, and higher wages allow businesses to raise prices on their products, which allows them to expand and pay higher wages.
A moderate level of wage and price inflation is considered integral to a healthy economy, and the Fed has set a goal of 2% annual inflation as optimal for economic growth. However, despite a strong labor market, wages and the broader economy have not grown as quickly as expected, and inflation has generally remained below the 2% target. Thus, raising rates has been more of a preventive measure and return to historical norms than a response to an overheated economy or runaway inflation.
The shift from further rate increases suggests that the Fed believes there is little to fear regarding high inflation. In fact, Powell said that the greater danger is low global inflation, calling it “one of the major challenges of our time.”5 While the Fed has raised rates steadily over the last three years — providing flexibility to drop rates if necessary — central banks in other countries have been slow to act due to sluggish economies and low inflation. Some have kept their benchmark rates below 0%, creating a risk of asset “bubbles” and placing them in a difficult position in the event of an economic downturn.6
Market Reactions
The stock market rose moderately after the FOMC announcement, but stocks still closed with a small loss for the day. The market generally applauds lower interest rates, but investors continue to be jittery about the potential for global economic weakness. In the longer term, stable interest rates at current levels may be good for stocks, which began to rally on January 4, 2019 — when Powell first preached “patience” — and gained more than 15% through March 20.7
The reaction in the bond market was stronger. The prospect of lower rates for an extended period — along with the Fed's decision to keep more Treasuries in its portfolio — made current yields more appealing. Investors rushed to buy Treasury securities and other bonds, driving prices up and yields down. The yield on the 10-year Treasury note fell to 2.52%, the lowest level in 15 months and just seven basis points (0.07%) above the yield on the three-month T-bill — nearing a “yield curve inversion” considered by some economists to predict a recession. Two days later, on March 22, the curve inverted for the first time since 2007, with demand for longer-term bonds driven by soft global growth.8
Although pessimists have feared a new recession for years, Powell emphasized that the U.S. economy is “in a good place,” and the official FOMC policy statement pointed to “sustained expansion of economic activity” in its expectations for future economic direction.9–10 A potential pause in rate hikes this year does reflect some concern about economic growth, but it also suggests that the Fed believes the current level is a neutral rate where further movement up or down could have a negative effect. This is not necessarily cause for concern. It may just mean that the Fed is doing its job.
The return and principal value of stocks and bonds fluctuate with market conditions. Shares, when sold, and bonds redeemed prior to maturity may be worth more or less than their original cost. U.S. Treasuries are guaranteed by the U.S. government as to the timely payment of principal and interest.
1–3, 10) Federal Reserve, 2018–2019
4–5, 9) Bloomberg, March 20, 2019
6) The Wall Street Journal, March 21, 2019
7) The New York Times, January 4, 2019; March 20, 2019
8) MarketWatch, March 20 and 22, 2019
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10364
|
__label__wiki
| 0.586452
| 0.586452
|
3rd Message to Sailing Leadership Worldwide
By Glenn McCarthy, July 16, 2015 at 10:00 am
Just to make sure that the International Sailing Federation (ISAF) cannot hide and pretend that they are not aware of these articles, I sent a 3rd email to the leadership of the country members of ISAF on July 7, 2015 via email -
Dear Fellow Sailors and MNA Leadership:
This is the third time that ISAF has held the Olympics in polluted waters: Spain, China and now Brazil. What this means is that ISAF supports polluting the world's oceans. You could make a stance and move the sailing venue to a clean water site and make it known how critical clean water is not just for sailing, but the health of the world. We're waiting for you to make a good and lasting impression that you can take a leadership position on.
Albert Einstein said, "Insanity: doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results." The 2014 Test Event in Rio failed, people became ill, boats were damaged running into garbage and one boat was stopped by garbage moving from 1st to last place trying to clear their centerboard in one race. That is a game of chance, not a field of fair play. Alas, here you go again, expecting a different outcome in August. This makes no sense to us who are observing.
Since I last wrote all of the heads of the MNA's worldwide, I have written the following articles if you are still unsure what you need to do. The three bolded articles relate the best:
2016 Olympic Sailing in Guanabara Bay, Am I Tilting at Windmills? Part 2
http://www.chicagonow.com/sail-lake-michigan/2015/07/2016-olympic-sailing-in-guanabara-bay-am-i-tilting-at-windmills-part-2/
The International Sailing Federation and All Member National Authorities Support Polluting the World's Oceans
http://www.chicagonow.com/sail-lake-michigan/2015/06/the-international-sailing-federation-and-all-member-national-authorities-support-polluting-the-worlds-oceans/
Yachting Journalists' Association says, Move the 2016 Olympics out of Guanabara Bay NOW
http://www.chicagonow.com/sail-lake-michigan/2015/06/yachting-journalists-association-says-move-the-2016-olympics-out-of-guanabara-bay-now/
Preparing to say, "I Told You So" for the 2016 Sailing Olympics
http://www.chicagonow.com/sail-lake-michigan/2015/07/2016-olympic-sailing-in-guanabara-bay-am-i-tilting-at-windmills-part-2/%3Chttp://www.chicagonow.com/sail-lake-michigan/2015/06/preparing-to-say-i-told-you-so-for-the-2016-sailing-olympics/
Things Die in Guanabara Bay, Where the 2016 Sailing Olympics Is to be Held
http://www.chicagonow.com/sail-lake-michigan/2015/07/2016-olympic-sailing-in-guanabara-bay-am-i-tilting-at-windmills-part-2/%3Chttp://www.chicagonow.com/sail-lake-michigan/2015/06/things-die-in-guanabara-bay-where-the-2016-sailing-olympics-is-to-be-held/
Trust but Verify, 2016 Sailing Olympics at Guanabara Bay
http://www.chicagonow.com/sail-lake-michigan/2015/07/2016-olympic-sailing-in-guanabara-bay-am-i-tilting-at-windmills-part-2/%3Chttp://www.chicagonow.com/sail-lake-michigan/2015/06/trust-but-verify-2016-sailing-olympics-at-guanabara-bay/
How Rio de Janeiro 2016 Olympics Is Now, and is Planning Forever, to Produce a Bad Image for Sailing
http://www.chicagonow.com/sail-lake-michigan/2015/07/2016-olympic-sailing-in-guanabara-bay-am-i-tilting-at-windmills-part-2/%3Chttp://www.chicagonow.com/sail-lake-michigan/2015/05/how-rio-de-janeiro-2016-olympics-is-now-and-forever-will-producing-a-bad-image-for-sailing/
http://www.chicagonow.com/sail-lake-michigan/2015/07/2016-olympic-sailing-in-guanabara-bay-am-i-tilting-at-windmills-part-2/%3Chttp://www.chicagonow.com/sail-lake-michigan/2015/05/can-sailing-in-the-2016-olympics-kill-you/
http://www.chicagonow.com/sail-lake-michigan/2015/07/2016-olympic-sailing-in-guanabara-bay-am-i-tilting-at-windmills-part-2/%3Chttp://www.chicagonow.com/sail-lake-michigan/2015/05/the-2016-sailing-olympic-version-of-the-log-rolling-and-stump-jumping-contest/
Brazilian Ricardo Lobato Wants 2016 Olympic Sailing to Stay in Rio
http://www.chicagonow.com/sail-lake-michigan/2015/07/2016-olympic-sailing-in-guanabara-bay-am-i-tilting-at-windmills-part-2/%3Chttp://www.chicagonow.com/sail-lake-michigan/2015/05/brazilian-ricardo-lobato-wants-2016-olympic-sailing-to-stay-in-rio/
And yesterday, I sent the following to the new ISAF Chief Executive:
Dear Mr. Sowery:
How quickly will you stop ISAF's support of polluting the ocean's waters?
The Yachting Journalists Association called for the Olympics to be moved out of Guanabara Bay, just how much longer will the ISAF charade continue?
Your stated biggest goal is to increase particiation. How can that be accomplished when ISAF is responsible for creating the biggest black eye for sailing ever?
http://www.chicagonow.com/sail-lake-michigan/2015/05/how-rio-de-janeiro-2016-olympics-is-now-and-forever-will-producing-a-bad-image-for-sailing/
As ISAF has worked feverishly to eliminate "luck" from the Olympics through the RRS and Race Official training, are you ready to oversee the 2016 Olympics rolling the clock back decades and becoming a Game of Chance?
Don't believe the ISAF press release about the 2014 Test Event in Rio, other reports proved that it was a lie -
http://www.chicagonow.com/sail-lake-michigan/2015/04/the-august-2014-olympic-test-event-fail-in-guanabara-bay-rio/
Do you want to work towards openness of ISAF? Release any and all water quality tests performed on Guanabara Bay.
http://www.chicagonow.com/sail-lake-michigan/2015/03/open-letter-to-the-u-s-olympic-paralympic-congressional-caucus-on-national-health-of-olympic-sailors/
Like a pit bull who won't let go of the ankle, I shall continue to remind the world (all articles are sent to 600 maritime journalists worldwide) and yourselves at every opportunity that arises.
www.ChicagoNow.com/Sail-Lake-Michigan blog
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10372
|
__label__cc
| 0.523563
| 0.476437
|
Research * Recherche
Needle exchange programs: an economic evaluation of a local experience
M. Gold, A. Gafni, P. Nelligan and P. Millson
CMAJ August 01, 1997 157 (3) 255-262;
M. Gold
A. Gafni
P. Nelligan
P. Millson
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether providing a needle exchange program to prevent HIV transmission among injection drug users would cost less than the health care consequences of not having such a program. DESIGN: Incidence outcome model to estimate the number of cases of HIV infection that this program would prevent over 5 years, assuming that the HIV incidence rate would be 2% with the program and 4% without it, and that an estimated 275 injection drug users would use the service over this time. SETTING: Hamilton, Ont. OUTCOME MEASURES: Estimated number of cases of HIV infection expected to be prevented with and without the program over 5 years; estimated lifetime health care costs of treating an AIDS patient. The indirect costs of AIDS to society (e.g., lost productivity and informal caregiving) were not included. Projected costs were adjusted (discounted) to reflect their present value. In a sensitivity analysis, 3 parameters were varied: the estimate of the HIV transmission rate if no needle exchange program were provided, the number of injection drug users participating in the program, and the discount rate. RESULTS: With very conservative estimates, it was predicted that the Hamilton needle exchange program will prevent 24 cases of HIV infection over 5 years, thereby providing cost savings of $1.3 million after the program costs are taken into account. This translates into a ratio of cost savings to costs of 4:1. The sensitivity analysis confirmed that these findings are robust. CONCLUSION: Needle exchange programs are an efficient use of financial resources.
Copyright © 1997 by Canadian Medical Association
You are going to email the following Needle exchange programs: an economic evaluation of a local experience
M. Gold, A. Gafni, P. Nelligan, P. Millson
CMAJ Aug 1997, 157 (3) 255-262;
Do physicians assess lifestyle health risks during general medical examinations? A survey of general practitioners and obstetrician-gynecologists in Quebec
Prevalence of asthma, rhinitis and eczema among children in 2 Canadian cities: the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood
Incidence of tuberculosis among reported AIDS cases in Quebec from 1979 to 1996
Show more Research * Recherche
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10374
|
__label__wiki
| 0.524145
| 0.524145
|
Foote Bros. Gear and Machine Company
5225 S Western Blvd/s Western Ave
Chicago, IL 60609, US
In the 1920s, Foote Bros. was located at 213 N. Curtis Street, but by World War II the factory had moved to the burgeoning industrial corridor in the Brighton Park community area at 5225 South Western Boulevard. This photo of Captain Foss, United States Marine Core Reserves, visiting the Foote Bros. plant evokes the industrial expansion in Chicago during World War II. Although Chicago's industries had a relatively late start in war production, by 1942 scores of plants converted from production for the consumer market to war production. Foote Bros. produced gears for Pratt and Whitney engines used in military planes and in blimps that flew over U.S. Naval convoys, alerting them to approaching submarines and other enemy craft. The skilled work at Foote Bros. was largely the domain of white workers. Also shown here were some of the women who famously entered industrial work at greater rates than ever before the war. In the 1940s, workers at Foote Bros belonged to the radical United Electrical Workers (UE) union. Between 1945 and 1949, the workers split over membership in UE; the Chicago Tribune reported on "revolt against Communist leadership" in the union. In May 1950, after UE's leadership refused to sign anti-Communist affidavits and the CIO expelled the union, Foote Bros. employees voted 444 to 165 to end their affiliation with UE, joining the CIO's International Union of Electrical, Radio, and Machine Workers.
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10376
|
__label__wiki
| 0.887628
| 0.887628
|
Fannie Merritt Farmer
Fannie Merritt Farmer was born on March 23, 1857 in Boston, Massachusetts. Her parents had originally planned to send Fannie to college but a paralytic stroke sustained in high school prevented that from happening. Fannie eventually recovered enough to participate in household tasks such as cleaning and cooking. She enjoyed cooking so much that her parents decided to send her to the Boston Cooking School.
After graduating in 1889, Fannie requested a chance to return as the school’s assistant to the director the following year. She achieved the position of director in 1891 of the presiding director passed away.
In 1902 Fannie resigned from her position as Boston Cooking School’s director in order to open her own cooking school known as Miss Farmer’s School of Cookery. Fannies was a shy person and avoided publicity as much as possible. It is said that she never subscribed to press releases or clipping services. Despite her shyness, Fannie quickly became well known in cooking circles.
She was credited with editing the Boston Cooking School Cook Book in 1896 which ran 21 editions before her death in 1915. She also published; Chafing Dish Possibilities (1898), What to Have for Dinner (1905), Catering for Special Occasions with Menus and Recipes (1911), and A New Book of Cookery (1912).
At the Boston Cooking School the courses were deigned to train teachers whereas Fannie’s school was geared toward housewives. Her main interests were in practical applications not theory. Her school taught classes for invalid cookery and supplied lectures to nursing classes regarding the subject. One year Fannie was invited to Harvard Medical School to give a lecture on invalid cookery. Her lectures were in high demand and were usually given to packed venues. Fannie was also assisted by her sister in the 10 year publication of a cookery page in the Woman’s Home Companion.
Some years prior to her death Fannie suffered another stroke which regulated her to a wheelchair which did not slow down her desire to continue lecturing. She issued her last lecture 10 days before her death. It is said that her most proud achievement was the introduction of accurate measurements into cooking. Other culinary experts dubbed her “the mother of level measurements.”
There have been reports that Fannie’s first cookbook was declined by publishers because it lacked home remedies and cures along with almanac information as was traditional in cookbooks of the time. Fannie’s cookbook was deemed “too basic.” Not being deterred, Fannie paid to publish and print the book on her own; it was called The Boston Cooking School Cook Book.
Between 1915 and1920 the copyright for all editions of The Boston Cooking School Cook Book belonged to Fannie’s sister, Mary W. Farmer. Her other sister, Cora D. Perkins, held the copyrights between 1923 and 1929. Extended edition copyrights remained with Cora between 1930 and 1942. The copyrights moved to Wilma Lord Perkins, Dexter Perkin’s wife, between 1942 and 1951. Between 1959 and 1965 the copyright owned was shown as Dexter Perkins Corp. Finally, in 1979 the copyright was changed to Fannie Farmer Cookbook Corp, publishing the first edition under this copyright on September 19, 1979 and publishing its fourteenth edition in March of 1986.
In 1951 Wilma Perkins changed the cookbook’s name to The New Fannie Farmer Boston Cooking School Cook Book. In 1957 Bantam Publishing issued a softcover version by the same name. When the copyright changed hands to Dexter Perkins Corp the title was changed to The Fannie Farmer Cookbook.
Aside from the first edition published by Fannie herself and the subsequent edition before her death, it could be said that the edition released under her sisters Mary and Cora maintain the highest collectible value compared to later editions.
Fannie was known for many firsts in her lifetime. When she chose to publish and print her own cookbook it was unheard of and added to her lists of firsts, the distinction of being the first self publisher of a cookbook. Fannie Farmer is, by far, one of cooking history greatest notes.
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10377
|
__label__cc
| 0.61735
| 0.38265
|
The Body in the Castle Well
When the body of a rich and well-connected American art student is found down a well in the grounds of a castle, Bruno, Chief of Police, must work out whether she fell or was pushed.
With a title like The Body in the Castle Well, there are no prizes for guessing what’s happened to American art student Claudia Muller who is reported missing at the beginning of the 12th outing for Bruno Courrèges, Chief of Police for the Vézère valley, the heartland of the Dordogne region of France.
Claudia, well-connected and rich, was staying in the picturesque village of Limeuil, studying with local expert Monsieur de Bourdeille as she worked on her doctorate in art history. She had been last seen attending a lecture in the castle of Limeuil and had left to go home immediately the lecture ended, saying she didn’t feel well.
With the help of Balzac the basset hound, Bruno tracks the missing woman to a deep well in the castle grounds, which had been left uncovered by workmen doing some renovations at the castle. An impromptu descent by Bruno is enough to ascertain that there is indeed a body in the well, which is quickly recovered – along with a cat (alive) – by the local pompiers.
Bruno has to work through a long list of attendees at the talk, which promptly casts suspicion on a wide net, whilst having the dead woman’s equally rich and well-connected mother and her own private investigator breathing down Bruno’s neck. Claudia’s parents are divorced, which brings a double dose of problems and it’s quickly clear that Bruno and his colleagues will need to watch their backs as they attempt to ascertain whether Claudia’s death was a tragic accident or something more sinister.
Bruno, now covering the whole of the Vézère valley from Limeuil in the south to Montignac in the north, is now a one-man crime magnet in a much wider area than his beloved home town of St Denis, which gives an even wider scope for former journalist Martin Walker to milk the rich history of the Perigord region, famous for its caves and castles. Every book proceeds by way of a series of fascinating bunny-hops, each landing on a different aspect of the history and culture of the area. Every book has a different historical angle and this one concerns art history.
As an avid watcher of TV’s Fake or Fortune, I was at home in the background to this book, and enjoyed the fruits of Walker’s latest research as Bruno delves into the unfamiliar and distinctly murky world of expensive art, where provenance is king, and the value of a piece of art can sky-rocket if it is proved to be by a certain artist – and equally well plummet if the provenance turns out to be at best dubious and at worst faked. This is the suspicion that hangs over de Bourdeille, the eminent art historian who drew Claudia to Limeuil.
The story behind the Body in the Well is as well researched as I’ve come to expect from Walker and takes Bruno back to some solid police work as he follows the evidence to work out whether Claudia’s death was accident or murder. There are the inevitable dinner parties with loving attention paid to the menu and Bruno’s mouth-watering culinary expertise, and the equally inevitable appearance of Bruno’s irritating on-off girlfriend, local riding school owner Pamela.
I’m afraid she only has to turn up to ramp up my irritation by several notches, particularly when she decides that she wants Bruno back in her bed, and naturally all she has to do is crook her finger for him to come running. I’ve got a lot more time for Bruno’s equally on-off relationship with Isabelle, who has no intention of giving up her high-flying career in Paris for the quiet life in Bruno’s beloved Perigord, although there’s nothing particularly quiet about the murder rate in the area!
If you read the Bruno books for the local colour, you certainly won’t be disappointed. As an aside, you’ll get a glimpse into the fascinating life of Josephine Baker, celebrated singer, dancer and war heroine whose life and work is celebrated at the nearby Chateau des Milandes, which is also well worth a visit. Bruno’s friend Amelie will be performing in a concert there, which gives scope for more history, as well as allowing suspicion to fall on the recently released Laurent, who’s served ten years for causing several deaths in a road traffic accident while being just over the legal limit for alcohol in his blood and who is now working with the birds of prey at the chateau.
The Body in the Well is a good addition to the series, with plenty going on as Bruno navigates his way through an unfamiliar world, using what another famous detective would have referred to as his little grey cells to unravel the mystery of Claudia Muller’s death.
Reviewed 29 June 2019 by Linda Wilson
Linda Wilson is a writer, and retired solicitor, with an interest in archaeology and cave art, who now divides her time between England and France.
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10379
|
__label__cc
| 0.562503
| 0.437497
|
Collins Aerospace Breaks Ground on New Propeller Center of Excellence in Figeac, France
(Source: Collin Aerospace; issued March 28, 2019)
FIGEAC, France --– At a ground-breaking ceremony today with Agnes Pannier-Runacher, the French [Undersecretary] to the Minister of the Economy and Finance, Collins Aerospace celebrated the launch of a new propeller Center of Excellence at its legacy Ratier facility in Figeac, France.
The state-of-the-art 3,000 square meter advanced factory addition will support advanced design, engineering, testing, manufacturing and maintenance capabilities for future propeller technologies and is expected to be fully operational in 2020. Collins Aerospace is a unit of United Technologies Corp.
The new center will enable Collins Aerospace to develop enhancements for existing propellers, new systems for future turboprops and disruptive technologies for next-generation aircraft, while also helping to reduce cycle times for customers through increased automation. The center’s advanced engineering capabilities are expected to enable Collins Aerospace to optimize propeller designs that improve aerodynamics, while reducing weight, fuel consumption and noise for a propeller that is more environmentally friendly. To help airlines reduce maintenance time and costs, Collins Aerospace will also use the center to design a propeller with prognostic health monitoring capabilities as part of the company’s overarching focus on developing more intelligent aircraft of the future.
“As a world leader in high-power propellers for commercial and military platforms, Collins Aerospace has been at the forefront of propeller innovation for more than 110 years, in the USA and in Europe,” said Propeller Systems GM Jean-Francois Chanut. “Now, we’re preparing to disrupt the industry once again with new technologies that our Propeller Center of Excellence will help us bring to market. This Center represents our commitment to providing our customers worldwide with optimized solutions, as well as our desire to invest locally in Figeac and the region.”
Collins Aerospace, a unit of United Technologies Corp. is a leader in technologically advanced and intelligent solutions for the global aerospace and defense industry. Created in 2018 by bringing together UTC Aerospace Systems and Rockwell Collins, Collins Aerospace has the capabilities, comprehensive portfolio and expertise to solve customers’ toughest challenges and to meet the demands of a rapidly evolving global market.
United Technologies Corp., based in Farmington, Connecticut, provides high-technology systems and services to the building and aerospace industries. By combining a passion for science with precision engineering, the company is creating smart, sustainable solutions the world needs.
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10382
|
__label__wiki
| 0.600373
| 0.600373
|
Anime Review: Made in Abyss
By Drew Hurley 02.02.2019
Made in Abyss (UK Rating: 15)
It has never been a better time to be a fan of anime and manga. In addition to some of the best series of all time appearing, the reality of simudubs and simupubs has completely transformed the fandom. Gone are the days of waiting weeks for fandubs, of dealing with horrendous scans of manga with dodgy translations, of trading VHS at comic cons… okay, sometimes even the bad times are somewhat nostalgic… However, this is coming off the back of 2018, which many are applauding as the best year of anime in recent memory, on par with 2009 and 1998. That, though, doesn't mean the year prior wasn't particularly good, either. It may not have had the breadth of different series of anime, or the same high amount of quality anime, but 2017 had tons of truly special series, across every genre. One of these truly memorable and notable series was called Made in Abyss, and now thanks to MVM, it is reaching the UK, available from 25th March.
Made in Abyss is based on a manga series from Akihito Tsukushi and centred round a world where the people have become obsessed with a new discovery at the heart of their planet; quite literally. A huge chasm has appeared at the centre of an island and seems to delve further and further into what is known as the Great Abyss. At the edge of the abyss, a huge town named Orth developed, with a culture dedicated to the exploration and investigation of the abyss. Delving deeper and deeper, hunting to find relics known as Artefacts; items with special abilities that are sold to fund exploration, the greatest of which may be imbued with powers that can change the state of the world. Unbreakable thread and a vial that contains liquid reminiscent of the fountain of youth are just two examples.
Those who delve into the depths carry coloured whistles, and progress through the ranks, are "Delvers" or "Cave Raiders." There's a whole series of ranks to progress through, each identified by the colour of whistle they carry. From the apprentice Raiders, who mostly consist of children and carry Red Whistles, they are allowed to only explore the first layer of the abyss. Then there are the adept Blue Whistles, allowed to reach the second layer, usually when the children reach 16. Moon Whistles are given permission to descend to the third layer, although they primarily act as trainers and teachers to their juniors. Black Whistles may delve to the fourth layer; they are considered experts in exploring the abyss and second only to the lauded White Whistles. White Whistles are seen as celebrities or heroes. They have no limits, although there is a limit imposed on them by the world.
Exploring the depths is filled with danger, though. There's a condition known as "The Curse of the Abyss." This condition affects any human explorers who dare to head down, hitting them as soon as they attempt to return, and it worsens the further the Cave Raider progresses. At the first layer, this inflicts only mild dizziness, at the second just some slight nausea and headaches. The fourth layer, though, can result in intense pain throughout the body and sudden bleeding from the extremities, not to mention occasionally driving the Delver to insanity. Then there is the sixth layer, ascending back from this is thought to be literally impossible. None have returned once they have descended to this point, losing their humanity of their life there. Their trip to this layer is known as their Last Dive.
The story picks up 10 years after the Last Dive of one of the most famous heroes, Lyza the Annihilator. Lyza isn't the hero of this tale, though. Her daughter, Riko, is. When Lyza performed her Last Dive, Riko was only two years old. Now 12, Riko has become a Red Whistle and is desperate to follow in her mother's footsteps, and she hopes to be reunited with her mother, who she thinks awaits her at the bottom. Reiko lives with other children at the Belchero Orphanage, and is working to proving herself to becoming a Blue Whistle when she stumbles on a small boy, someone who may be everything she wishes for - a link to her mother, a way to descend further than she may ever have the chance to, and the only person immune to the Curse of the Abyss.
The boy is not really a boy at all, though, as he's a robot, yet with some parts that seem completely human. The two bond after Reg saves Riko's life and she brings him back to the orphanage, dubbing him Reg after a dog she once had. After a few months of Reg disguising himself as a human and joining the Belchero Orphanage, the pair leaves any friends behind and decides to dive into the abyss. Reg hopes to find out the truth to whom or what he is, and where he came from, while Riko still holds out hope that her mother is alive somewhere at the bottom.
The abyss is filled with danger, but they have a chance to survive thanks to Reg. When he first saved Riko, he emitted an absurdly powerful beam weapon and they are hoping this, along with his other mechanical modifications, will keep them safe from the monstrous creatures that reside deep within. Using this weapon, though, leaves him having to recharge, basically unconscious, leaving Riko to have to fend for herself while waiting for him to awaken once more.
Made in Abyss is an absolute master-class in many different areas, but especially in two: the drastic blending of different tones, and in world-building. The cutesy style of the characters and the beauty of the world belie the dark heart of the tale. There are grisly moments of gore, depressing nihilist notions, and some truly dark question elements that, while not overtly told or shown, are inferred. It's this subtlety that helps make the show just so fascinating.
Then there's the world-building; so much thought has gone into this series and its setting that it's easy to see why many have compared it to a game. Creator Tsukushi-Sensei has crafted an entire world here and filled it with an unbelievable amount of detail. The layers of the abyss and their inhabitants each have their own tiny details that are glimpsed here, but are fully realised in the manga; one definitely worth checking out for anyone who enjoys the show.
One of the greatest strengths of the series is the presentation. While the characters are mostly Moe-blob-looking chibis, the world they inhabit is absolutely gorgeous, and anime studio Kinema Citrus knows how to utilise the stunning vistas and magical settings to maximum effect. There are many shots panning across beautiful scenery, making the world infectiously intriguing, leaving the audience desperate to see more, to learn more about this mysterious land beneath the surface.
Exceptional - Gold Award
There is so much anime produced every year now that every possible type of fan has something to cater to them. Heck, there's enough produced every season to keep everyone interested. However, there are few truly memorable series each year. Made in Abyss is one that will be remembered and talked about for years and years to come. Wondrous and wonderful, heartfelt and moving; a truly beautiful series in both story and presentation.
There are no replies to this article yet. Why not be the first?
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10387
|
__label__wiki
| 0.701479
| 0.701479
|
Ghostory (PC) Review
By Ofisil 06.05.2019
Ghostory is a puzzle-platformer made by RigidCore Games. It's supposed to have "horrible puns, and devious puzzles," which is a pretty spot-on description. Too bad, however, that those horrible puns are actually the best thing in here, because, boo-lieve it or not, the problem-solving business can get pretty repetitive, way too soon.
A man is being HAUNTED by wolves. He manages to escape, but, after such a near-DEATH experience, he feels drained of his SOUL. He decides to give NEW LIFE to his weary body, and raise his SPIRITS by drinking some water from a nearby lake. Wait, though. Something strange is... uh-oh! The poor fellow has been cursed, and now looks... transparent. You could say that he is a GHOST of his former self. Yes, Ghostory's "thing" is the use of horrible, ghost-related puns - purposely horrible, that is, which makes them one of the most pleasant parts of the experience. In fact, one of the game's flaws is that dialogue sequences don't occur as often as they should, and just serve as the - tiny - cherry on top of the cake that is the gameplay portion.
Speaking of which, your goal in here is to bring back a yellow mushroom to the witc... err, the old lady who lives near that ACCURSED (sorry) lake, so that she can brew your healing potion. The catch? While our hero can now turn into a ghost and fly around the place, he still needs his backpack to carry the DAMNED (sorry again) thing, and this falls through his body each time he swaps into his spectral form. Weirdly enough, the cave where the mushroom was found is an intricate labyrinth that looks as if it was made exactly for a person with his own particular affliction. Strange... Anyhow, the adventure now begins, with pretty much all puzzles revolving around trying to reach each level's exit, without leaving your backpack behind.
This is where the developer should be congratulated for crafting a fine piece of software. The controls are great; the game mechanics are extremely easy to understand; the NES-meets-True-Colour-Palette pixel art style looks really good despite its simplicity and lack of variety; and, generally, this seems to be an enjoyable puzzle-platformer that will please genre fans. The levels add new kinds of obstacles very often, forcing you to constantly think how you can turn into a ghost to fly towards an, otherwise, unreachable platform, and at the same time carry your trusty backpack with you. Sadly, it all goes downhill after a while.
No, Ghostory never really becomes a bad game, just a painfully tedious one. As expected, the structure of each maze becomes more complex than the previous one, yet in the end, it all boils down to the same experience; an experience that's all about pulling lever after lever to activate platforms or deactivate barriers, and trying to reach a key while carrying your backpack, so that you can put it inside it - rinse, repeat, and in an area that has even more levels, platforms, keys, etc. It should be mentioned one more time: this isn't a bad game, but it feels like it uses the same exact stage over and over again, and raise the challenge a bit each time that happens.
That issue turns this into something that is best experienced in short bursts, as playing more than two levels can really make its issues stand out more. The level design is such, however, that overcoming a challenge rarely feels rewarding. To be more specific, Ghostory's puzzles are of that variety that are mostly enjoyable when offered in room-sized stages, but here they tend to be bundled together in one big area. The feeling that summarises that is how, right after completing a part of a level, you gaze upon a new set of levers and keys, thinking to yourself, "Oh, not again! - and this isn't what one should feel when making progress in a videogame.
Deceptively simple in its concept, Ghostory's form-swapping mechanic provides all this needs to be a neat and challenging puzzle-platformer - and one that happens to provide some pleasantly ghos... ghastly puns. Unfortunately, the fun dissolves due to the subpar level design, which makes this 25+ level adventure feel the same from beginning to end.
Ghostory (PC)
RigidCore Games
Masquerada: Songs and Shadows (Nintendo Switch)
ringlord71 reviewed: The Sinking City (Xbox One) 30.06.2019
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10388
|
__label__wiki
| 0.961078
| 0.961078
|
Home / Irish Citizens’ Assembly could debate ending church control of schools
Irish Citizens’ Assembly could debate ending church control of schools
The Irish Taoiseach, Leo Varadkar, told the lower house of the Irish Parliament on Tuesday that he was happy to consider a debate in the Citizens’ Assembly on ending church patronage of schools in Ireland.
The move was originally requested by the leader of the Labour Party, Brendan Howlin, who said the option of using the Citizens’ Assembly was, "significant for many who want choice in the education they provide for their children". The Citizens’ Assembly was founded in 2016 and produces reports that are then considered by the Oireachtas, the Irish Parliament. It has previously been used to consult on abortion, climate change, and other major policy issues.
Humanists UK, which campaigns against the state-funding of faith schools, has welcomed the opportunity for the role of the church in education to be debated.
Currently, the Catholic church controls around 90 per cent of the state primary schools in Ireland, leaving parents with limited options if they wish to avoid a faith school education for their children. Irish Labour senator Aodhán Ó Ríordáin is pushing for total reform of church patronage in the education system, stating that: ‘We have 4,000 schools in the State and there are ongoing issues such as access, employment rights for non-religious teachers, school ethos, sex education and so on. The Citizens’ Assembly could deal with these issues together rather than tinkering with existing laws.’
This news follows the recent announcement by the Irish Minister for Education, Richard Bruton, that the government are going ahead with plans to remove the so-called ‘baptism barrier’ for admission to Catholic primary schools. That legislation is to be debated this week. The Education Minister also launched a survey on Monday consulting parents in sixteen areas of Ireland on whether they support religious patronage in schools or wish to see it removed and control given to multi-denominational patrons.
The progress made by the Irish government in tackling the power of faith groups in the state education system is in marked contrast to the actions of the UK Government, says Humanists UK. Far from announcing steps to challenge faith schools, the Education Secretary has instead made funds available for new 100 per cent religiously selective voluntary aided schools.
Humanists UK Education Campaigns Manager, Jay Harman commented: "Schools are for education, not indoctrination. For too long religious organisations have been granted undue control over schools around the world, and for the benefit of children, parents, and society more broadly, that needs to change. Governments throughout the UK should take heed of Ireland’s progress and offer the chance for the continued existence of faith schools in the UK to be debated."
* Humanists UK https://humanism.org.uk/
Keywords:Catholicism | Education | faith schools | Humanists UK | Republic of Ireland | schools | State
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10398
|
__label__wiki
| 0.917555
| 0.917555
|
Follow FIBA on Facebook
July 7 - 11
Puerto Rican Nina de Leon defends her country with passion and confidence
SAN JUAN (Puerto Rico) – During the Centrobasket U17 Women’s Championship 2019, on the court for Puerto Rico, there is a player who at just 16 years old promises to give the island a lot of glories. She wears a bandana on her head and on her chest the number five, like her idols, Pamela Rosado and José Juan Barea, both soul and heart of their national teams, just like her.
Nina de León is a product of the youth categories of Puerto Rico, the Colegio Adianez, the FBPUR Youth Development Program and is emerging as one of the players with an international projection for a National Team that recently participated in the FIBA Women’s Basketball World Cup.
De Leon is pure dynamite on the court, she defends tenaciously and on the other side, she keeps the dignified composure of a veteran, with all the mileage and maturity of the world. It is evident the confidence the coaches have on the player.
"It's because of the confidence that my coaches give me, they trust me a lot and that gives me confidence," said De León after the match. "I trust all my teammates.”
De Leon averages 15 points, four rebounds and five assists per match in the Centrobasket U17 Women’s Championship. In the first clash against Guatemala, De Leon exploded with 19 points, including three three-pointers in 28 minutes of action. She added 11 points, 8 assists, and 6 rebounds, in a comfortable victory against the Bahamas.
"Nina de León is a point guard that has a lot of skill," said coach Miguel Toro. "She is a young player; we took her from the U16 category. She is a pure point guard, who also has the ability to score. For her age, she is more mature than she should be. She plays like an adult. In the mental part of the game, Nina is above her age."
That maturity may come from consistently seeing two of their idols wear the Puerto Rican jersey with honor. De Leon shows that same motivation every night.
"I like the number five because of Pamela Rosado and José Juan Barea, I like to use it because of them. It motivates me because of the passes they make, how they motivate the players on the court and for their defense," said De León enthusiastically.
Early this year, the player from San Juan had already worn the patriotic colors in the FIBA U16 Women’s Americas Championship in Chile, where she helped push her team to a fourth-place finish. Now with the opportunity to play at home and even more at the Puerto Rican basketball cathedral, Coliseo Roberto Clemente, De León reacts excitedly to the opportunity to show her talents in front of friends and family.
"It means too much, it's an inexplicable emotion, since everyone supports you and it's something that I had never managed to feel," said De León.
How far do you want to go, Nina? "As far as God takes me" To the WNBA? "If God allows it, I'll get there."
Guatemala earned the last ticket to the Semi-Finals, Puerto Rico and Mexico remain undefeated
Mexico and Puerto Rico to play for Centrobasket U17 Women's Championship Gold
Dominican Republic continues to dream big with its youth National Teams
Mexico claim Centrobasket U17 Women's Championship 2019 title in San Juan
All time medalists
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10401
|
__label__cc
| 0.720112
| 0.279888
|
My Thoughts on Arranged Marriage and Child Brides
As an American, I know for a fact that I have many freedoms I take for granted every single day. While browsing about CNN I came across an article that really got to me, and made me realize that more than I usually do.
Nujood Ali was only ten years old when she married her husband- a man in his thirties. Her marriage was arranged by her family, she had no say in the matter. According to Nujood's father, Nujood's husband was not supposed to do anything sexual with her until she was in her 20s, however that didn't happen. Instead, she was raped and molested for months. In addition to sexual assault, she was the victim of physical beatings and mental torture.
When the abuse became too much for Nujood she went to her mother for help, but nothing changed. "When I heard, my heart burned for her," her mother said, but because she was married she was essentially the property of her husband now, and nothing could be done.
What makes this story even more heartbreaking is the fact that Nujood is only one girl, and there are millions more in similar situations. In the middle eastern country of Yemen where Nujood is from, over half of all girls are married before they even reach the age of 18. This practice is not discouraged by the government, in fact it's encouraged. The legal age for marriage used to be 15, but it was lowered ten years ago so that even younger children could be married.
Obviously arranged marriage is an aspect of culture, and many proponents of arranged marriage argue that opponents are culturally discriminating. My response to that is this: Of course different cultures have different customs, and they're certainly allowed to, but no practice that violates basic human rights is protected by culture. You cannot allow ten year old children to be raped and beaten, and argue that it's simply part of your culture. It infuriates me to think about the fact that people do so.
Everyone should have the right to privacy, to not be forced into a relationship that isn't their choice. No one should be exploited in the fashion that Nujood Ali was. Obviously, not all arranged marriages turn out like Nujood's, but enough of them do to show that the practice is flawed and dangerous.
Nujood was lucky, however, and she was able to escape from her marriage. While she was visiting her parents one day, she ran away to a central town court house. She then demanded to speak to a judge and requested a divorce. Her husband however, was not prosecuted for pedophilia, but he was compensated $200 for the loss of his wife.Nujood's human rights lawyer donated the money on her behalf. Sadly, not all girls in situations like Nujood's are as lucky.
Posted on July 16th, 2008 at 04:17pm
That's extremely messed up.
I guess I take the rights I have for granted sometimes. The life I have now is definitely not as bad as the ones people in other countries have. You're absolutely right though. Yeah sure, arranged marriage is part of their traditions, but what did those poor girls ever do to deserve being raped or abused? I think it's sick. I don't know why people can't see that.
threeam., July 16th, 2008 at 04:27:39pm
Previous | Page 2/2
Kurtni
Location: Yesteryear
Info: -
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10405
|
__label__wiki
| 0.653539
| 0.653539
|
Release Date:December 2, 2008
System Requirements: Dual core 2.6 GHz Pentium D or AMD Athlon 64 X2 3800+, Windows XP/Vista/7/8, 1 GB RAM for Windows XP / 2 GB for Windows Vista or 7, 256 MB Video Card, DirectX 10.0/9.0c-compliant, 9 GB Free Disk Space
Prince of Persia revolves around gameplay mechanics that producer Ben Mattes identifies as “pillars” of the Prince of Persia series; an acrobatic hero exploring a Persian environment with a balanced mixture of acrobatics, combat, and puzzle-solving. The premise of Prince of Persia is that the player travels around the game world to heal specially designated spots of land. The player assumes the role of the acrobatic character, and is accompanied by the AI-controlled companion named Elika. The player can use the Prince character’s acrobatic prowess, sword, and gauntlet, as well as magic from Elika to perform combat and acrobatic feats variously throughout the game. Prince of Persia features open world exploration that allows the player to travel to any spot in the game world at any given point, and allows the player to witness the plot in any way they want. Depending on how the player progresses, previously visited areas will become more challenging to traverse when the player re-visits them. However, when the player heals a spot of land, it becomes devoid of traps. The traps are manifested in various forms of the antagonist Ahriman’s Corruption; black-colored blobs that coat the land and swallow the player if touched. The player can use acrobatic maneuvers to avoid these traps.
http://destyy.com/wKqAkK
http://destyy.com/wKqAlU
http://destyy.com/wKqAzZ
http://destyy.com/wKqAcH
http://destyy.com/wKqAbi
http://destyy.com/wKqAmd
http://destyy.com/wKqAQf
http://destyy.com/wKqAWx
http://destyy.com/wKqAEr
http://destyy.com/wKqARG
Harry Potter and the Order of Phoenix
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10406
|
__label__wiki
| 0.841029
| 0.841029
|
NEW YORK TIMES: "For Doomsday Hoarders, What Now?" - 'the most dedicated hoarders (they prefer the word "storers") are holding on to their 200 cans of tuna fish, 100 freeze-dried M.R.E.'s (or meals ready to eat) and 55-gallon water tanks as tightly as their convictions'
For Doomsday Hoarders, What Now?
By LYNN ERMANN
In the 1950's, a small cult led by a suburban housewife believed that on a given day, a flood would wipe out all mankind, but for a few true followers who would be spared. In preparation, many sold their homes and possessions or quit their jobs. When the world didn't end as predicted, members of the sect still rejoiced: obviously the world had been saved to reward their faith.
Modest versions of this scenario appear to be taking place now in homes across the country. While the Year 2000 crisis never materialized, the most dedicated hoarders (they prefer the word "storers") are holding on to their 200 cans of tuna fish, 100 freeze-dried M.R.E.'s (or meals ready to eat) and 55-gallon water tanks as tightly as their convictions.
Far from feeling humiliated, they express "relief and gratitude and a sense of abundance," said David Gershon, the president of the Global Action Plan in Woodstock, N.Y., an organization that has consulted with other Year 2000 groups around the world.
Karen Anderson, the founder of Y2K Women, a support network that helped women prepare for contingencies, says that many members have told her how empowering the experience has been. (She has also received a few angry e-mails from those who felt they had been persuaded to overstock.)
Also upbeat is Kathleen Davis, the founder of Daniel Boone Y2K Preparedness Group, in Berks County, Pa. Yes, she has 15 gallons of kerosene, 15 more than she needs. ("I don't even know what I did with the receipts," she said.) But she's been wanting to try out kerosene lamps for a while. She also has a guard dog, which she and her husband bought for Year 2000 protection and which she will keep even though the bandits look like no-shows.
There's the pool she bought for bathing in the event of water shortages, but that's no problem, either. "We always wanted a swimming pool," she said. And anyway, she added, "We are ready for whatever might occur, anything else that might knock out the infrastructure."
Like many die-hard naysayers, Sandra Ghost, the author of "Why 2K?" (1998) and a resident of Meadville, Pa., is telling people to hold on to their supplies for at least six months in case there are residual effects from the Year 2000 computer flaw.
Most consumers are dealing with much smaller stashes -- the recommended three or four days' worth. Thirty percent of Americans planned stockpiles, according to an Associated Press poll. Lisa McCue, a spokeswoman for the Grocery Manufacturers of America, also reports that there was no major rush on stores to buy last-minute supplies. Serious storers started buying last year and bought a lot over the Internet.
Yet, even those who just got the basics aren't returning items or complaining: Year 2000 fears appear to have been a catalyst for the kind of emergency buying that many consumers ordinarily put off. Suddenly, that much-needed generator or flashlight was at the top of the list.
John Simley, a spokesman for the Home Depot, said that generator sales have risen significantly nationwide over the last year, a fact that he hesitates to attribute only to Year 2000 fears. Mr. Gershon, the consultant, agrees. "We bought stuff we would normally want anyway," Mr. Gershon said.
In the aftermath, returns of items appear to be minimal. "Nobody's brought back a large quantity of anything," said Karen Cervi, a cashier supervisor at the Stew Leonard's in Norwalk, Conn.
At the Pioneer Supermarket on Columbus Avenue at 74th Street, where the water aisles were cleared out last week, "No one is experiencing any returns," said the manager, Anthony Scerri. "Water sells. It's a commodity."
Return policies at local stores have varied, with a few stores taking a harder line. Sears, Roebuck & Company recently got some criticism for insisting that customers pay a 20 percent restocking fee for returning its generators.
DeLollo's True Value Hardware in Watervliet, N.Y., which hung a sign in the window saying, "Y2K Are You Ready?" refuses to take generators or kerosene lamps back.
Many major retailers, like the Home Depot, are sticking to their regular return policies.
Todd Hulquist, a spokesman for the Food Marketing Institute, a trade group based in Washington that represents food retailers, said, "Our retailers are accepting returns, with very little exceptions."
Perishables are tougher to return, even vacuum-packed ones, said Carole Munson, the chief executive of Millennium III Foods, a manufacturer based in Belgrade, Mont. Millennium III, which sells foods packed in double ceramic enameled cans, many over the Internet, has a 10-day return policy but has thus far received no returns.
Food Plus, a distributor based in Smithtown, N.Y., that sells Alpine Aire freeze-dried products, many of them also online, told customers up front that no returns would be accepted.
This year might, in fact, become a record year for charities.
"Any canned-food drives will do very well this year," said Steve Davis, the director of Coalition 2000, in Columbia, Md.
America's Second Harvest, a nonprofit hunger relief organization, hopes its millennium food drive on Jan. 15 -- to redistribute food and supplies that many Americans stockpiled -- will attract donations.
Mike Ferry of Meadville, Pa., who had a substantial stash of supplies, has started a local can collection out of his church.
Year 2000 preparations have also brought residents closer together. Kathleen Davis, of Daniel Boone Y2K Preparedness, said, "I came out of this with good friends I wouldn't have met otherwise and neighbors I wouldn't have met."
[ENDS]
-- John Whitley (jwhitley@inforamp.net), January 06, 2000
My family and I are very happy about what we have done. We have enough for ourselves and our neighbors if there were an emergency, such as an earthquake (we're in California) and we should have done this a long time ago. We plan to keep things stocked, Lord willing. This was our answer to everyone at the beginning -- the most we stand to lose if things didn't go well was really -- nothing. If we didn't do something and things got bad -- that is when we all lose. We are a solution to the problem and not part of the problem. We even helped the economy -- if you want to look at it from that standpoint. So what's the big deal for the polly's? I can really only see someone getting angry if they abused their credit cards thinking they were not going to have to pay them because everything was going to go down. It looks to me like people got smart and paid off their debts and got themselves into better shape. Maybe the polly's are jealous?
-- Kim Scaramastro (kim@antipas.org), January 07, 2000.
You bet...I'm holding onto (and rotating) my food preps. Don't have 200 cans of tuna (about 120) but have 200+ cans of Staggs Chili, a couple hundred each fruits and veggies, about 50 cases of LDS food in #10 cans, 50lb. of Honey. and lots of other stuff...
It's about a half hour short of 1/7/2000 here....seems kinda early to be letting down my guard (and preps). Regards all....DCK
-- Don Kulha (dkulha@vom.com), January 07, 2000.
From the title of this article, I was ready to spit bullets...but upon reading it, it seems fairly well balanced. Except for the fact that most of us didn't "overstock" if we aren't returning stuff. And I resent the word "hoarding" used in the title.
I found it an empowering experience and one I will continue.
-- Ynott (Ynott@incorruptible.com), January 07, 2000.
Somebody out there with more brains than I have answer this question for me. What the hell is wrong with hoarding? What do you think all those that work stocks and bonds are doing, they have high intentions of hoarding wealth. What is the difference in hoarding food or gold?
-- Notforlong (Fsur439@aol.com), January 07, 2000.
Here in the US, food is *so* cheap and *so* readily available that we tend to forget how precious it is, and take it for granted.
To *not* store a good supply of non-perishable food is the height of idiocy. It takes very little to bring that message home -- the loss of a job, illness, or other personal catastrophe will easily serve as the messenger.
As someone who's always believed in that common sense principle -- and, has *needed* his stored food on more than one occasion due to illness and injury -- I have no intention of going back to a hand to mouth existence.
-- Ron Schwarz (rs@clubvb.com.delete.this), January 07, 2000.
Ron, from your mouth to the polly's ears.
Just perfect.
;0)
Hoarding comes before Security in the dictionary.
But, in real life, hoarding occurs after a disaster.
-- Joseph Almond (sa2000@webtv.net), January 07, 2000.
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10407
|
__label__wiki
| 0.9298
| 0.9298
|
History of Parliament Online
Home Research > Members > 1660-1690 > SCUDAMORE, Hon. James (1624-68)
SCUDAMORE, Hon. James (1624-68), of Cary Cradock, Sellack, Herefs.
Published in The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1660-1690, ed. B.D. Henning, 1983
Available from Boydell and Brewer
Biography Detail
Offices Held
1660-1690 Constituencies
1660-1690 Parliaments
1660-1690 Surveys
26 July 1642 - 22 Jan. 1644
1661 - 18 June 1668
Family and Education
b. 26 June 1624, 4th s. of John Scudamore† (d.1671), 1st Visct. Scudamore of Sligo [I], of Holme Lacy, Herefs. by Elizabeth, da. and h. of Sir Arthur Porter of Llanthony Abbey, Glos. educ. St. John’s, Oxf. 1640-2; travelled abroad 1644-?48. m. 14 Sept. 1648, Jane, da. and coh. of Richard Bennet of Kew, Surr., 2s. (1 d.v.p.) 1da.1
J.p. Herefs. 1642-4, July 1660-d., commr. for assessment Aug. 1660-d., loyal and indigent officers 1662, dep. lt. 1662-d.2
Scudamore’s ancestors had held land in Herefordshire since the 12th century, and were first returned to Parliament in the reign of Henry V. His father owed his peerage to the first Duke of Buckingham; a deeply religious man, he was much influenced by Archbishop Laud, and served as ambassador to France from 1635 to 1639. Lord Scudamore was a passive Royalist, compounding in 1648 for a £2,690 fine, but this represented only a tenth of his losses. Scudamore’s elder brothers died young. He himself, though captured with his father at Hereford in 1643, was also inactive in the Civil War. Gambling and other debts compelled him to spend most of the Interregnum abroad, and to make over his estate to trustees in 1657.3
Scudamore’s father enjoyed unrivalled prestige in Herefordshire at the Restoration, and as early as 11 Mar. 1661 Scudamore was assured of an unopposed return as knight of the shire. He refused the order of the Bath at the coronation on the grounds of expense. He was moderately active in the Cavalier Parliament. He acted as teller in four divisions and was named to 61 committees, including those for the execution of those under attainder and the petition of the loyal and indigent officers, and two for amending the Corporations Act. On 19 July 1661 a bill was introduced for annulling Scudamore’s conveyance of lands worth £250 p.a. to the father and uncle of John Dutton Colt as security for his debts of honour. (Sir) William Lowther reported from the committee on 26 Feb. 1662, and the bill passed the Lower House, but was rejected by the Lords. However, the case inspired the Gaming Act of 1665. Scudamore was reluctant to act without ‘Daddy’s advice’, but welcomed the second Dutch war as an opportunity to assuage his restlessness by serving with the fleet. Nevertheless he was conscientious in attending quarter sessions. He died in his father’s lifetime on 18 June 1668, and was buried at Holme Lacy.4
Ref Volumes: 1660-1690
Author: Edward Rowlands
1. Add. 11044, f. 246.
2. Trans. Woolhope Club, xxxiv. 292.
3. C. J. Robinson, Mansions and Manors of Herefs. 139-40; J. R. Phillips, Civil War in Wales, ii. 70; Cal. Comm. Comp. 1643; Cal. Comm. Adv. Money, 193; Bodl. Rawl. A328, ff. 1-2; CSP Dom. 1655-6, p. 243; Add. 15858, ff. 135-8; HLRO, Box 180.
4. Add. 11044, ff. 253-4; Add. 15858, f. 139; HMC 7th Rep. 161-2; SP29/91/42; CSP Dom. 1664-5, pp. 200, 222; 1665-6, p. 458; Herefs. RO, QS Recs. 1665-89, passim.
© Crown copyright and The History of Parliament Trust 1964-2019
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10409
|
__label__wiki
| 0.97148
| 0.97148
|
McMurray Shines, Junior Climbs and Montoya Finds His Way to Top 10 Finish
Miami resident Montoya led two laps Sunday, including Lap 154 and finished in 10th place. Montoya had 18 Top 10 finishes in 2009 in qualifying for the Chase for the Cup which was crowned at Homestead-Miami (photo courtesy: John Harrelson, Getty Images Sport)
He was the talk of NASCAR in 2009—making more headlines than any driver this side of Mark Martin and eventual four-time Sprint Cup Champion Jimmie Johnson. And Juan Pablo Montoya entered the Daytona 500 looking to prove his breakout 2009 Sprint Cup season was no fluke.
Check.
He also was the talk of NASCAR 2009, but for a very different reason: Dale Earnhardt Jr., long the fan favorite of NASCAR nation, failed to make the Chase last year in Year 2 under the privileged umbrella of Hendrick Motorsports. Junior entered the Sprint Cup season-opener looking to rebound from arguably his most disappointing season.
He was briefly a man without a ride: Jamie McMurray lost his Roush Fenway Racing tie after a 2009 season in which he finished 22nd. He entered the “Great American Race” with just three wins to his credit in nine seasons of Sprint Cup racing, his first coming in 2002 in just his second career start. At that time, he drove the No. 40 for Chip Ganassi, with whom he’s now reconnected as part of Chip Ganassi with Felix Sabates Racing, and McMurray is looking to justify the reunion.
Sunday in Race 1 of the 2010 NASCAR Sprint Cup season—which again will culminate with the crowing of Champions during Ford Championship Weekend at Homestead-Miami Speedway (Nov. 19-21) —McMurray held off the hard-charging Earnhardt Jr. in the race’s second green-white-checkered finish attempt.
South Florida-resident Montoya, meanwhile, notched another Top 10 finish to pick up where he left off last season, when he became the first non–American driver to qualify for NASCAR’s Chase for the Sprint Cup and strung together a run of five Top 5s in the first six races of the “playoffs” to rise as high as third in the Championship standings.
McMurray, Montoya and Junior all entered Daytona International Speedway in search of some early season momentum that could help end Jimmie Johnson's four-year reign as Sprint Cup Champion, at Homestead-Miami Speedway on Nov. 21.
The race was stopped twice—resulting in delays of more than two hours—due to an on-track pothole at Daytona, and the setback nearly derailed the race. NASCAR struggled to patch the hole, and drivers knew the pavement could tear at any time after the final repair.
In a furious final two laps, NASCAR’s most popular driver drove from 10th to second places, but Earnhardt Jr. was unable to chase down McMurray, who won his fourth career Sprint Cup race. Sunday's 52nd running of the Daytona 500 had it all, but it was McMurray who was standing in victory lane after scoring an exciting victory in the first race of the 2010 season.
"Unbelievable, unbelievable," said an emotional McMurray. "I told my wife today, she was like, “If you win tonight,”….Oh, I am going to cry...it is so unreal.
"Where I was last year...and for [Bass Pro Shops’] Johnny Morris and Chip and Felix, Bass Pro Shops, to take a chance on me and let me come back, it means a lot to me. What a way to pay them back. Happy Valentine’s Day to my wife. My dad is here, it is just very emotional."
McMurray's win was his third career restrictor-plate triumph and second straight after he took the checkered flag as a member of the Roush Fenway Racing team last November at Talladega Superspeedway. He got an assist on Sunday when former Roush teammate Greg Biffle helped him with a push in the draft,
"Biffle helped me out,” McMurray said. “I spun the tires on the restart, and it’s just a gamble of which lines will get the biggest runs, but Greg gave me an unbelievable push down the backstretch.”
Biffle hung on to finish third behind the front two.
“I’m so happy for him,” said Biffle of former-mate McMurray. “I felt like I was a big part of getting him up there.”
Clint Bowyer and David Reutimann rounded out the Top 5. Martin Truex Jr., Kevin Harvick, Ford Racing’s Matt Kenseth and Carl Edwards, and Montoya completed the first 10 finishers.
"It was a great day for the team with Jamie winning; that was huge,” said Miami-resident Montoya. “We both had good cars and good opportunities; I just got stuck on the bottom when I was running up front and lost a lot of ground. But overall, this is big. Starting the season like this is what we need."
The race set a Daytona 500 record with 21 different leaders and 52 lead changes, and was slowed twice for two length red flags when the track surface came apart between Turns 1 and 2. A large hole began to form just past the race's halfway point, and it worsened to a point that NASCAR was forced to stop the race and attempt to repair the damage. After an hour-and-44 minute delay racing resumed, but the problem reappeared again later and another red flag resulted.
“It seemed we may have hit that hole down there and did some damage to the tire and then the tire blew,” said Jimmie Johnson, who had the unfortunate experience of hitting the hole twice and finished 135h. “We wish we didn’t hit the hole; we lost all the track position.”
Four-time reigning Champion Johnson and the rest of the Sprint Cup field will resume the pursuit for fall glory in Miami in Race 2 on Feb. 21 (3 p.m. EST, FOX TV) at Auto Club Speedway. In the end, all three of NASCAR’s premier racing series—the Sprint Cup, Nationwide and Camping World Truck Series—will crown Champions during Ford Championship Weekend at Homestead-Miami Speedway (Nov. 19-21). For ticket information, stay tuned to THEChampionshipTrack.com or call toll free (866) 409-RACE.
Doing It Again in 2010/Kids FREE: Homestead-Miami Speedway is the only venue ever to host all of North America’s premier motorsports Championships, and it’s more of the same this fall as THE Championship Track is the site for both the Izod IndyCar (Oct. 1-2) Championship and NASCAR’s Ford Championship Weekend (Nov. 19-21), as well as the Grand-Am Rolex Sports Car Series “Grand Prix of Miami” March 6. Kids 12 & under are FREE to six of the seven races. For tickets, call (866) 409-RACE or visit THEChampionshipTrack.com.
MotorRacingNetwork.com contributed to this report.
Jamie McMurray, Juan Pablo Montoya, 2010 Ford 400, 2010 Ford Championship Weekend
| Add To Calendar
Miami Exotic Auto Racing
Performance Driving Group
ISC Track Sites
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10412
|
__label__wiki
| 0.799407
| 0.799407
|
You are here: Home | GFLS 2012 | Speakers 2012 | Moderators | Marco Trombetta
Vice-dean of Research, IE Business School, Spain
Marco Trombetta is Professor of Accounting and Management Control and Vice-dean of Research at IE Business School in Madrid (Spain) and Vice-rector of Research and Coordination at IE University (Segovia, Spain). He holds an M.Phil. and a D.Phil. in Economics from the University of Oxford (UK), a doctorate in Public Economics from the University of Pavia (Italy) and a “Laurea” degree magna cum laude in Economic and Social Sciences from L. Bocconi University (Milan, Italy). Before joining IE Business School he held academic positions at Carlos III University (Spain), the University of Oxford (UK) and at the London School of Economics (UK). He teaches financial accounting to executives, master, MBA and doctoral students. He has held visiting positions at the University of Chicago GSB (U.S.A.) and at L. Bocconi University in Milan (Italy).
In addition Marco has been invited as panel member and has been member of the scientific committee in leading international and national congresses. From January 2006 to December 2011 he was the Assistant Editor of the European Accounting Review one of the official academic journals of the European Accounting Association. He has also acted as external expert for the valuation of research projects for both the Spanish and the Italian Ministry of Education and Scientific Research.
Marco has also an extensive experience as a consultant and in in-company trainer. Among others he has worked for Whirlpool Europe, Accenture, PricewaterhouseCoopers, CEIM.
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10414
|
__label__wiki
| 0.704531
| 0.704531
|
Photo credit: Sadik Gulec / Shutterstock.com
Transatlantic Take
The Toothlessness of the United Nations
BERLIN — Donald Trump’s 11-day trip abroad, beginning in Saudi Arabia, will be his first international trip as president. The trip will set the tone for U.S. diplomatic relations throughout the president’s time in office.
Yemen or Ukraine, Syria and Iraq or Southern Sudan, there is no lack of the use of arms of the cruelest kind between and inside states. Yet, all UN member states outlawed military aggression long ago. Is it then legitimate to support the Yemeni government by military means against insurgents as the Saudis do, the Assad government against rebels as the Russians do, or the rebels against Assad as the Americans do? The question of the legitimacy of armed interference in the internal affairs of another country has always been extremely sensitive. This is because it touches on a traditional and central privilege of the nation-state: the monopoly on armed force.
Without that monopoly effective governance is impossible. Without it, the nation-state cannot survive. Similarly on a global level, without a monopoly on military power, no effective global governance is imaginable. Therefore, the institutions of the liberal international order created during the 20th century have tried to equip themselves with as much legal authority as possible, including outlawing armed aggression. The United Nations has no monopoly on armed force; it does not even have armed forces of its own. Only through the Security Council can the United Nations decide to use military means to resolve conflicts or to keep peace. Security Council decisions, however, are subject to the agreement (or at least abstentions) of all five permanent members of the Security Council because they wield the power of veto. But as a decision to give legitimacy to the interference in the internal affairs of an independent country would gnaw at the sovereign rights of nation-states over time, such instances are few in the history of the United Nations. The first was a resolution to deploy armed forces against North Korea in 1950 after Kim Il-Sung, Kim Jong-un’s grandfather, attacked the Republic of Korea. The latest instance of the international community using armed force against a sovereign state was taken by the Security Council in 1990, after Iraq invaded Kuwait. Today, resolutions to intervene against Assad because of his use of poison gas against rebels and civilians are regularly vetoed by Russia.
Much of the legal requisitions developed in the system of the United Nations and its sub-organizations can be understood as an effort to maintain the international order without taking recourse to armed force: international agreements with complicated conflict resolution systems, dispute settlement mechanisms, courts and tribunals, provisions for economic coercion. Even the Soviet Union and China, with their own ideological systems alien to liberal values, with the founding of the UN accepted this rules-based order as practical and effective. In addition, the United States and its allies have made efforts over the past few decades to safeguard the liberal international order by a whole network of bilateral and multilateral security guarantees and defense alliances.
As shown by the high number of armed conflicts around the world, the liberal international order is a fragile system, notwithstanding the rules agreed to in numerous international conferences and resolutions. It cannot be anything but fragile as long as the problem of the monopoly of power in the international system has not been resolved.
It is essential to back the value system of the liberal international order by word and by deed. Confronted with new threats to global governance by new state and non-state actors, and by the impact of new technologies and ideologies, we should — if anything — be making efforts to develop that order further.
The United States has been the one reliable pillar of the rules-based international order. On May 3, new U.S. Secretary of State Rex Tillerson said, “If we condition too heavily that others must adopt this value that we’ve come to after a long history of our own, it really creates obstacles to our ability to advance our national security interests, our economic interests,” what must be seen as the first programmatic statement from the new administration. If meant and taken seriously, that statement is bound to shake the very foundation of that order.
This piece is adapted from Out of Order, a new GMF platform for discussion about the liberal international order. The original article is available here.
The views expressed in GMF publications and commentary are the views of the author alone.
Understanding America
Future of the Liberal International Order
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10415
|
__label__wiki
| 0.667751
| 0.667751
|
Metal oxide-containing nanoparticles
The present invention provides a copper oxide-containing composition that includes copper oxide nanoparticles and one or more heteroatom donor ligands bonded to the surface of the nanoparticles, where x and y are numbers having a ratio that is equal to the ratio of the average number of M atoms to the average number of 0 atoms in the nanoparticles. The nanoparticles are stabilized by the one or more heteroatom donor ligands which act as a protective layer that cap the surface of the nanoparticles. The present invention also provides a solution of the copper oxide nanoparticles that may be applied to a substrate and then subsequently reduced to copper metal. Finally, the invention provides a method of preparing the copper oxide nanoparticles.
Winter, Charles H. (Bloomfield Hills, MI, US)
Dezelah IV, Charles L. (Royal Oak, MI, US)
257/E21.174, 257/E21.582
H01L21/31; B32B3/00; C01G1/02; C01G3/02; H01L31/00; H01L21/288; H01L21/768; C01B
20020181825 Optical clock signal distribution December, 2002 Johnson et al.
20080232419 Laser array chip, laser module, manufacturing method for manufacturing laser module, manufacturing method for manufacturing laser light source, laser light source, illumination device, monitor, and projector September, 2008 Egawa et al.
20020127486 Shot configuration measuring mark and transfer error detection method using the same September, 2002 Saito
20100038736 SUSPENDED GERMANIUM PHOTODETECTOR FOR SILICON WAVEGUIDE February, 2010 Assefa et al.
20060205098 METHOD OF DETERMINING N-WELL SCATTERING EFFECTS ON FETS September, 2006 Galland et al.
20020111027 Polishing compositions for noble metals August, 2002 Sachan et al.
20060283839 Polishing equipment having a longer operating time length December, 2006 Saito
20090258448 Method for making thermal electron emitter October, 2009 Xiao et al.
20090263143 OPTICAL COMMUNICATION INTEGRATION October, 2009 Pelley et al.
20070184640 Method for producing solid element plasma and its plasma source August, 2007 Lee et al.
20100006895 III-NITRIDE SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE January, 2010 Cao et al.
ZIMMER, ANTHONY J
Brooks, Kushman P. C. (1000 TOWN CENTER, TWENTY-SECOND FLOOR, SOUTHFIELD, MI, 48075, US)
1. A metal oxide-containing composition, the composition comprising: metal oxide nanoparticles described on average by Formula I:
MxOy I; and one or more heteroatom donor ligands bonded to the surface of the nanoparticles, wherein M is a metal; O is oxygen; and x and y are numbers having a ratio that is equal to the ratio of the average number of M atoms to the average number of O atoms in the nanoparticles, wherein the number of M atom is from about 10 to about 5×1010 atoms and the number of O atoms is at least about 0.01 times the number of M atoms.
2. The metal oxide-containing composition of claim 1 wherein M is a metal selected from beryllium, magnesium, aluminum, scandium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, germanium, yttrium, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, technetium, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, cadmium, indium, tin, antimony, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolimium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, rhenium, osmium, iridium, platinum, gold, thallium, lead, bismuth, polonium, thorium, protactinium, uranium, neptunium, and plutonium.
3. The metal oxide-containing composition of claim 1 wherein M is a metal selected from Group 9 through Group 11 elements.
4. The metal oxide- containing composition of claim 1 wherein the one or more heteroatom donor ligands include compounds containing an oxygen or nitrogen atom that are capable of acting as an electron-pair donor to form a bond to the surface of the nanoparticles.
5. The metal oxide-containing composition of claim 1 wherein the one or more heteroatom donor ligands are selected from the group consisting of alkyl amines, pyridine, 2,2′-bipyridine, pyrrole, pyrazole, imidazole, triazole, tetrazole, nitriles, carboxylic acids, carbonates, nitrates, nitroalkanes, nitroarenes, hydroxamic acids, ketones, aldehydes, and esters.
6. The metal oxide-containing composition of claim 1 wherein the nanoparticles have a mean diameter from about 1 nm to 1000 nm.
7. The metal oxide-containing composition of claim 1 wherein the nanoparticles have a mean diameter from about 1 nm to 100 nm.
8. The metal oxide-containing composition of claim 1 wherein the nanoparticles have a mean diameter less than about 20 nm.
9. The metal oxide-containing composition of claim 1 wherein the nanoparticles have a spherical, ellipsoidal, rod-shaped, or polyhedral morphology.
10. The metal oxide-containing composition of claim 1 wherein the metal oxide nanoparticles include amorphous or crystalline domains.
11. The metal oxide-containing composition of claim 1 wherein the nanoparticles include a mixture of metal atoms in different oxidation states.
12. The metal oxide-containing composition of claim 10 wherein the different oxidation states are one or more of the values selected from 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7, and +8.
13. The metal oxide-containing composition of claim 1 further comprising one or more loosely bound heteroatom ligands.
14. The metal oxide-containing composition of claim 13 wherein the one or more loosely bound heteroatom ligands are nitrate, halide, phosphate, perchlorate, formate, acetate, borate, hydroxide, silicate, carbonate, sulfite, sulfate, nitrite, phosphite, water, alkyl amines, pyridine, 2,2′-bipyridine, pyrrole, pyrazole, imidazole, triazole, tetrazole, nitriles, carboxylic acids, carbonates, nitrates, nitroalkanes, nitroarenes, hydroxamic acids, ketones, aldehydes, esters or mixtures thereof.
15. A metal oxide-containing solution, the solution comprising: a solvent; metal oxide nanoparticles described on average by Formula I:
16. The metal oxide-containing solution of claim 15 wherein the heteroatom donor ligand is derived from decanoic acid and the solvent is hexane.
17. The metal oxide-containing solution of claim 15 wherein the heteroatom donor ligand is 2,2′-bipyridine and the solvent is a polar solvent.
18. The metal oxide-containing solution of claim 15 wherein the solvent comprises at least one compound selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, isopropanol, 1-butanol, acetone, dichloromethane, and ethylene glycol.
19. The metal oxide-containing solution of claim 15 wherein the heteroatom donor ligand is 2,2′-bipyridine to which long chain alkyls have been attached and the solvent is a nonpolar solvent.
20. A method of applying metal oxide-containing nanoparticles to a substrate, the method comprising: 1) contacting the substrate with the solution of claim 15; and 2) evaporating the solvent or allowing the solvent to evaporate.
21. The method of claim 20 further comprising: 3) heating the metal oxide-containing nanoparticles at a sufficiently high temperature to form zero-valent metal.
22. The method of claim 21 wherein the metal oxide nanoparticles are heated to a temperature of at least 200° C.
23. The method of claim 20 further comprising contacting the metal oxide nanoparticles with a reducing agent.
24. The method of claim 23 wherein the reducing agent is selected from the group consisting of molecular hydrogen, alcohols, amines, or mixtures thereof.
25. A copper oxide-containing composition, the composition comprising: copper oxide nanoparticles described on average by Formula I:
CuxOy II; and one or more heteroatom donor ligands bonded to the surface of the nanoparticles, wherein Cu is copper; O is oxygen; and x and y are numbers having a ratio that is equal to the ratio of the average number of Cu atoms to the average number of O atoms in the nanoparticles, wherein the number of Cu atoms is from about 10 to about 5×1010 atoms and the number of O atoms is at least about 0.01 times the number of Cu atoms.
26. The copper oxide-containing composition of claim 25 wherein the one or more heteroatom donor ligands include compounds containing an oxygen or nitrogen atom that is capable of acting as an electron-pair donor to form a bond to the surface of the nanoparticles.
27. The copper oxide-containing composition of claim 25 wherein the one or more heteroatom donor ligands are selected from the group consisting of alkyl amines, pyridine, 2,2′-bipyridine, pyrrole, pyrazole, imidazole, triazole, tetrazole, nitrites, carboxylic acids, carbonates, nitrates, nitroalkanes, nitroarenes, hydroxamic acids, ketones, aldehydes, and esters.
28. The copper oxide-containing composition of claim 25 wherein the nanoparticles have an mean diameter from about 1 nm to 1000 nm.
29. The copper oxide-containing composition of claim 25 wherein the nanoparticles have an mean diameter from about 1 nm to 100 nm.
30. The copper oxide-containing composition of claim 25 wherein the nanoparticles have an mean diameter less than about 20 nm.
31. The copper oxide-containing composition of claim 25 wherein the nanoparticles have a spherical, ellipsoidal, rod-shaped, or polyhedral morphology.
32. The copper oxide-containing composition of claim 25 wherein the copper oxide nanoparticles are amorphous or crystalline.
33. The copper oxide-containing composition of claim 25 wherein the nanoparticles include a mixture of copper atoms in different oxidation states.
34. The copper oxide-containing composition of claim 32 wherein the different oxidation states are 0, +1, and +2.
35. The copper oxide-containing composition of claim 25 further comprising one or more loosely bound heteroatom ligands.
36. The copper oxide-containing composition of claim 35 wherein the one or more additional heteroatom containing molecules are nitrate, halide, phosphate, perchlorate, formate, acetate, borate, hydroxide, silicate, carbonate, sulfite, sulfate, nitrite, phosphite, water, alkyl amines, pyridine, 2,2′-bipyridine, pyrrole, pyrazole, imidazole, triazole, tetrazole, nitriles, carboxylic acids, carbonates, nitrates, nitroalkanes, nitroarenes, hydroxamic acids, ketones, aldehydes, esters, or mixtures thereof.
37. A copper oxide-containing solution, the solution comprising: copper oxide nanoparticles described on average by Formula I:
CuxOy II; one or more heteroatom donor ligands bonded to the nanoparticles; and a solvent, wherein Cu is copper; O is oxygen; and x and y are numbers having a ratio that is equal to the ratio of the average number of Cu atoms to the average number of O atoms in the nanoparticles, wherein the number of Cu atoms is from about 10 to about 5×1010 atoms and the number of O atoms is at least about 0.01 times the number of Cu atoms.
38. The copper oxide-containing solution of claim 37 wherein the heteroatom donor ligand is derived from decanoic acid and the solvent is hexane.
39. The copper oxide-containing solution of claim 37 wherein the heteroatom donor ligand is 2,2′-bipyridine and the solvent is a polar solvent.
40. The copper oxide-containing solution of claim 37 wherein the solvent comprises a component selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, isopropanol, 1-butanol, acetone, dichloromethane, and ethylene glycol.
41. The copper oxide-containing solution of claim 37 wherein the heteroatom donor ligand is 2,2′-bipyridine to which long chain alkyls have been attached and the solvent is a nonpolar solvent.
42. A method for making metal oxide-containing nanoparticles, the method comprising: reacting a metal ion in solution with a heteroatom donor ligand to form a metal complex; and reducing the metal complex with a reducing agent to form the metal oxide-containing nanoparticles.
43. The method of claim 42 wherein the metal ion solution is formed by dissolving a metal salt in a solution.
44. The method of claim 42 wherein the mole ratio of metal ion to ligand is from about 0.05 to about 20.
45. A method for making copper oxide-containing nanoparticles, the method comprising: 1) reacting CuX2 with a heteroatom donor ligand to form a copper complex; and 2) reacting the copper complex with a first reducing agent to form the copper oxide-containing nanoparticles, wherein X is a metal ion counterion.
46. The method of claim 45 wherein X is selected from the group consisting of halide, nitrate, phosphate, perchlorate, formate, acetate, borate, hydroxide, silicate, carbonate, sulfite, sulfate, nitrite, phosphite, hydrates thereof; and mixtures thereof.
47. The method of claim 45 wherein the one or more heteroatom donor ligands include compounds containing an oxygen or nitrogen atom that is capable of acting as an electron-pair donor to form a bond to the surface of the nanoparticles.
48. The method of claim 45 wherein the one or more heteroatom donor ligands are selected from the group consisting of alkyl amines, pyridine, 2,2′-bipyridine, pyrrole, pyrazole, imidazole, triazole, tetrazole, nitriles, carboxylic acids, carbonates, nitrates, nitroalkanes, nitroarenes, hydroxamic acids, ketones, aldehydes, and esters.
49. The method of claim 45 wherein the copper oxide-containing nanoparticles include a mixture of copper atoms in different oxidation states.
50. The method of claim 49 wherein the different oxidation states are 0, +1, and +2.
51. The method of claim 45 wherein the first reducing agent is sodium borohydride, lithium aluminum hydride, molecular hydrogen, sodium metal, zinc metal, magnesium metal, aluminum metal, or hydrazine.
52. The method of claim 45 wherein the copper oxide nanoparticles comprise Cu2O.
53. The method of claim 45 wherein the copper oxide nanoparticles have a diameter from about 1 nm to about 100 nm.
54. The method of claim 45 wherein the copper oxide nanoparticles have a diameter less than about 20 nm.
55. The method of claim 45 wherein the copper oxide nanoparticles are amorphous or crystalline.
56. The method of claim 45 further comprising: 3) heating the copper oxide-containing nanoparticles to a sufficiently high temperature to form copper metal.
57. The method of claim 45 wherein the copper oxide nanoparticles are heated to a temperature of at least 200° C.
58. The method of claim 45 further comprising contacting the copper oxide nanoparticles with a second reducing agent.
59. The method of claim 58 wherein the second reducing agent is selected from the group consisting of molecular hydrogen, alcohols, amines, or mixtures thereof.
The present invention is related to metal oxide-containing nanoparticles and to methods of making said metal oxide-containing nanoparticles; and in particular to copper oxide-containing nanoparticles that are reducible to copper metal by heating or by contacting with a reducing agent.
Semiconductor technology increasingly requires the fabrication of faster and more densely packed integrated circuits. This increasing demand necessitates better control of conductive interconnects. Of particular interest is the formation of interconnects in trenches with high aspect ratios. It is anticipated that aspect ratios of 1.9 or higher will be required within the next decade. Currently, the most common methods of forming interconnects are by physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition, or electrochemical deposition. Aluminum and copper are the most common metals used for this purpose. In the typical application, trenches and other structures are overfilled with copper. Wafers treated in such a manner are then subjected to chemical mechanical polishing which is somewhat tedious and causes the surface of the interconnect to be curved. Moreover, each of these techniques is somewhat susceptible to defects. More importantly, the vacuum coating technologies such as physical vapor deposition and chemical vapor deposition require significant capital equipment costs and are not able to achieve very high aspect ratios.
Metal nanoparticles have been recognized as potentially useful in forming conductive interconnects in such semiconductor devices. The nanoparticle size range is typically taken to be from about 1 nm to about 100 nm. Particles of such dimensions exhibit unusual properties which may advantageously be applied when forming interconnects. Although such nanoparticles exhibit some collective atomic behavior, surface and quantum effects may be important. The lower melting points of nanosized metal particles make such particles attractive for interconnect technology. Such reduction in melting point can be over 500° C. with melting points of less than 350° C. attainable for many nanosized metals. In the typical application, a dispersed solution containing the nanoparticles is applied to a substrate having trenches by spin coating or some other dispersal technique. The nanoparticles will preferentially aggregate in the trenches. The substrate is then heated to sinter and/or melt the nanoparticles together thereby forming the interconnect.
U.S. patent application No. 20030008145 discloses a method of malting metal nanocrystals that include passivating ligands. The metal nanoparticles of this application have enhanced solubility and/or dispersion because of the passivating ligands associated with the nanocrystals. However, metal containing nanoparticles are somewhat undesirable because of the increased reactivity of such particles and in particular to the potentially violent oxidation reaction that may occur in the presence of oxygen, water, or certain organic compounds.
Accordingly, there exists a need in the prior art for improved methods of making metal interconnects and for precursors for making such interconnects that are both economical and stable.
The present invention overcomes the problems of the prior art by providing a metal oxide-containing composition that includes nanoparticles described on average by Formula I:
MxOy I; and
one or more heteroatom donor ligands bonded to the surface of the nanoparticles, where M is a metal; O is oxygen; and x and y are numbers having a ratio that is equal to the ratio of the average number of M atoms to the average number of O atoms in the nanoparticles. Typically, x and y will be reduced to simpler ratios by methods known to those skilled in the art. The nanoparticles are stabilized by the one or more heteroatom donor ligands which act as a protective layer that cap the surface of the nanoparticles. This allows for long-term stability and allows the nanoparticles to be readily modified to adjust solubility in a wide range of solvents. Moreover, the nanoparticles may be prepared having a variety of metal to oxygen ratios. The metal oxide-containing nanoparticles of the present invention typically have a narrow size distribution having mean sizes in the range of 1 nm to 10 nm in diameter.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a metal oxide nanoparticle-containing solution which takes advantage of the adjustability of the solubility of the metal oxide-containing nanoparticles is provided. The metal oxide-containing solution of the invention comprises the metal oxide composition set forth above and a solvent in which the metal oxide-containing nanoparticles are soluble.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, a method for making metal oxide-containing nanoparticles is provided. The method of the invention comprises reacting solution of a metal ion solution with a heteroatom donor ligand to form a metal complex. The complex is next reacted with a reducing agent to form the metal oxide-containing nanoparticles. In a refinement of this embodiment, the metal oxide-containing nanoparticles are advantageously reduced to bulk metal upon heating at modest temperatures under an inert atmosphere. The temperature of reduction is believed to vary as a function of nanoparticle diameter. Thermal reduction of bulk copper oxides to copper has not been observed at temperatures less than 800° C. Accordingly, such copper oxide-containing nanoparticles have potential application as precursors to high purity, low resistivity copper films and may serve as a means of filling sub-micron features on silicon wafers.
FIG. 1 is a transmission electron micrograph (“TEM”) of pyridine-protected Cu2O nanoparticles of the present invention.
FIG. 2 are the plots of simultaneously performed differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetric analysis of the Cu2O nanoparticles of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a plot of the thermogravimetric analysis and its derivative curve for the Cu2O nanoparticles of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is the powder X-ray diffraction (“XRD”) of the Cu2O nanoparticles of the present invention after heating to 800° C. under inert atmosphere.
FIG. 5 is the XRD of the Cu2O nanoparticles of the present invention after heating to 300° C. under inert atmosphere.
FIG. 7 are the plots of simultaneously performed differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetric analysis of unbound 2,2′-bipyridine.
FIG. 8 are the plots of simultaneously performed differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetric analysis of copper(II) complex of 2,2′-bipyridine.
FIG. 9 are the plots of simultaneously performed differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetric analysis of bulk Cu2O.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT(S)
Reference will now be made in detail to presently preferred compositions or embodiments and methods of the invention, which constitute the best modes of practicing the invention presently known to the inventors.
In an embodiment of the present invention, a metal oxide-containing composition is provided. The composition of the present invention comprises nanoparticles described on average by Formula I:
one or more heteroatom donor ligands bonded to the surface of the nanoparticles, wherein
M is a metal;
O is oxygen; and
x and y are numbers having a ratio that is equal to the ratio of the average number of M atoms to the average number of O atoms in the nanoparticles. Preferably, M is a metal selected from beryllium, magnesium, aluminum, scandium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, germanium, yttrium, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, technetium, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, cadmium, indium, tin, antimony, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, rhenium, osmium, iridium, platinum, gold, thallium, lead, bismuth, polonium, thorium, protactinium, uranium, neptunium, and plutonium. More preferably M is a metal selected from Group 9 through Group 11 elements; and most preferably, M is copper with the metal oxide nanoparticles having formula II:
CuxOy II
The average number of metal atoms and oxygen atoms in the nanoparticles is calculated from the range of possible mean diameters of the nanoparticles which is from about 1 nm to about 1000 nm. More preferably, the range of possible mean diameters is from about 1 nm to about 100 nm; and most preferably the mean diameters of the nanoparticles is less than about 20 nm. Preferably, the number of metal atoms M is from about 10 to about 5×1010. More preferably, the number of metal atoms M is from about 10 to about 5×109; and most preferably the number of metal atoms M is less than about 4.0×105 atoms. The number of O atoms is preferably equal to at least about 0.01 times the number of M atoms. More preferably, the number of O atoms is equal to at least about 0.1 times the number of M atoms; and most preferably, the number of O atoms is equal to at least about 0.3 times the number of M atoms. Similarly, y is preferably equal to at least 0.01×. More preferably y is equal to at least 0.1×; and most preferably, y is equal to at least 0.3×. Typically, x and y will be reduced to simpler ratios by methods know to those skilled in the art. The maximum value for y is about that amount necessary to satisfy the valence of the highest oxidation state of the metal. However, slightly more oxygen may be present because of oxygen-based defects in the nanoparticles. Preferably, y is equal to or less than 5×. More preferably y is equal to or less than about 3×. For example, for a nanoparticle of 200 M atoms and 100 O atoms the formula will be expressed as M2O. The nanoparticles of the present invention may be crystalline (nanocrystals) or may be amorphous. The typical nanoparticles are spherical particles, but other shapes may be suitable. Metal oxide containing nanoparticles of the following morphologies are of potential interest: spherical, ellipsoidal, rod-shaped, polyhedral, as well as others.
The metal atoms of the nanoparticles may be of uniform oxidation state or may be present as mixtures of oxidation states. Different oxidation states of the metal are one or more of the values selected from 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7, and +8. In the case of copper, the most likely copper oxidation states are 0, +1, and +2, but others are possible. The typical copper oxide nanoparticle preparation (as given in synthesis description below) results in particles that are uniformly composed of cuprite, Cu2O.
The nanoparticles are protected from oxidation and/or agglomeration by virtue of a protective (or passivating) layer by the one or more heteroatom donor ligands that are chemically bonded to the surfaces of the nanoparticles. The nature of the protective ligand allows for the nanoparticles to be dissolved or finely dispersed in a variety of liquid solvents. The protective ligands can easily be tailored by adding or changing functional groups such that a high degree of solubility is achieved in the solvent of choice. For example, by using 2,2′-bipyridine as the protective ligand copper oxide particles can be prepared that are soluble in methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, isopropanol, 1-butanol, acetone, dichloromethane, ethylene glycol, as well as other polar solvents. By using 2,2′-bipyridine to which long alkyl chains have attached to the aromatic ring, solubility in non-polar solvents has been achieved. Another example is where the protective ligand is derived from decanoic acid whereby the copper oxide nanoparticles are soluble in non-polar solvents such as hexane. By such a strategy it is envisioned that particles could be made to exhibit solubility in solvents ranging from polar, hydrogen-bonding solvents to non-polar hydrocarbon species and their perfluorinated derivatives, including hexanes and perfluoromethylcyclohexane.
Protecting ligands include all compounds containing an oxygen or nitrogen atom that is capable of acting as an electron-pair donor to form a bond to the nanoparticle surface. Nitrogen donor examples include, but are not limited to, alkyl, amines, pyridine, 2,2′-bipyridine, pyrrole, pyrazole, imidazole, triazole, tetrazole, nitriles, and any substituted variations and salts thereof. Oxygen donor examples include, but are not limited to, carboxylic acids, carbonates, nitrates, nitroalkanes, nitroarenes, hydroxamic acids, ketones, aldehydes, esters, and any substituted variations and salts thereof. Furthermore, it is anticipated that some of the most useful protecting ligands will have some degree of charge stabilization. The nature of ligands having such capability can be described as follows: a) nanoparticle surface is capped by a ligand as described above which bears a charge; the charge may be localized on one or more of the donor-atoms, or localized on one or more of the non-donor atoms, or it may be delocalized through a number of donor and/or non-donor atoms, b) associated with the charge bearing ligands are some number of oppositely charged species which may provide additional stabilization arising from some combination of steric bulk and the formation of a charge barrier. In addition to the one or more heteroatom donor ligands, the metal oxide-containing composition of the present invention may further include one or more loosely bound heteroatom ligands. As used herein, loosely bound means that the heteroatom ligands are associated with the nanoparticles, but are not bonded to the nanoparticles as the one or more heteroatom donor ligands. Such an association may be by electrostatic interaction. Examples of such ligands include, for example, a hetereoatom donor ligand (in this instance the heteroatom donor ligand is not as strongly bonded to the surface of the nanoparticles as described above), nitrate, halide, phosphate, perchlorate, formate, acetate, borate, hydroxide, silicate, carbonate, sulfite, sulfate, nitrite, phosphite, water, or mixtures thereof.
The thermal behavior of the metal oxide nanoparticles is of central interest to the present invention, particularly the observed reduction of the metal oxide-containing nanoparticles to bulk metal upon mild heating. The individual thermal events for a typical sample of metal oxide nanoparticles are as follows: loss of unbound and/or loosely bound ligand, loss of bound ligand, and reduction of metal oxide nanocrystals to bulk metal. The loss of unbound and loosely bound ligand is expected to occur at temperatures at or near the boiling point or sublimation temperature of the ligand molecule. This would generally occur over a narrow temperature range, somewhere between 50° C. and 250° C., depending on the ligand and metal. The loss of bound ligand will generally occur at a temperature significantly higher than that of the unbound ligand; a certain amount of additional energy is required to break bonds to the surface of the nanoparticle. Loss of bound ligand would generally occur at between 100° C. and 300° C. and may be accompanied by ligand decomposition. Reduction of copper oxide-containing nanoparticles to copper generally occurs between 300° C. and 500° C., with lower reduction temperatures being preferred. The typical preparation (as given below) results in Cu2O nanoparticles having diameters estimated near 4 nm that reduce to bulk copper at around 380° C. Bulk phase Cu2O is not reduced upon heating, even with temperatures as high as 800° C. The observed low-temperature thermal reduction represents a potentially novel, nano-phase phenomenon that is not known for the bulk-phase of this material. This property, being a result of the size regime of the material, is strongly believed to behave as a function of particle size; the reduction temperature should vary with nanoparticle diameter as a consequence.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a metal oxide-containing solution which takes advantage of the adjustability of the solubility of the metal oxide-containing nanoparticles is provided. The metal oxide-containing solution of the invention comprises the metal oxide composition set forth above and a solvent in which the metal oxide-containing nanoparticles are soluble. As set forth above, the solubility of the metal oxide-containing nanoparticles is adjustable by appropriate selection of the one or more heteroatom donor ligands. This metal oxide-containing solution is particularly useful in applying the nanoparticles to a substrate. Specifically, a substrate is contacted with a nanoparticle-containing solution and then the solvent is evaporated or allowed to evaporate leaving behind the nanoparticles. The metal oxide nanoparticles are then optionally converted to zero-valent metal by heating. In the case of copper oxide-containing nanoparticles with a mean diameter of about 4 nm, this conversion occurs at a temperature of at least 100° C. Alternatively, the conversion to zero-valent metal is accomplished by contacting the metal oxide-containing nanoparticles with a reducing agent. Suitable reducing agent, include but are not limited to, molecular hydrogen, alcohols, amines, or mixtures thereof.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, a method for making metal oxide-containing nanoparticles is provided. The method of the invention comprises reacting a metal ion in solution (i.e., from a salt) with a heteroatom donor ligand to form a metal complex. Preferably the mole ratio of metal ion to ligand is from about 0.05 to about 20. More preferably, the mole ratio of metal ion to ligand is from about 2 to 6. The metal complex is next reacted with a reducing agent to form the metal oxide-containing nanoparticles. For example, to make copper oxide-containing nanoparticles, CuX2 is reacted with a heteroatom donor ligand to form a copper complex. Preferably the mole ratio of CuX2 to ligand is from about 0.05 to about 20. More preferably, the mole ratio of CuX2 to ligand is from about 0.5 to 10; most preferably the mole ratio of CuX2 to ligand is from about 2 to 6. The copper complex is next reacted with a reducing agent to form the copper oxide-containing nanoparticles. Suitable reducing agents include, but are not limited to, sodium borohydride, lithium aluminum hydride, molecular hydrogen, sodium metal, zinc metal, magnesium metal, aluminum metal, hydrazine, and the like. X is a metal ion counterion. Suitable examples for X include, but are not limited to, halide, nitrate, phosphate, perchlorate, formate, acetate, borate, hydroxide, silicate, carbonate, sulfite, sulfate, nitrite, phosphite, hydrates thereof; and mixtures thereof. The properties of the metal oxide-containing nanoparticles, preferred and suitable metals M, and suitable heteroatom donor ligands are the same as those set forth above for the metal oxide-containing composition set forth above.
The method of the present invention also optionally includes the step of reacting the metal oxide-containing nanoparticles at a sufficiently high temperature to form metal. In the case of copper oxide-containing nanoparticles, the copper oxide-containing nanoparticles are heated to a temperature of at least 100° C. Alternatively, the conversion to metal is accomplished by contacting the metal oxide nanoparticles with a second reducing agent. Suitable second reducing agents, include but are not limited to, molecular hydrogen, alcohols, amines, or mixtures thereof.
The following examples illustrate the various embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will recognize many variations that are within the spirit of the present invention and scope of the claims.
Synthesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles
Described herein is a typical synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles as described by Scheme I. The particles obtained consist of Cu2O, estimated to be about 4.mn in size, having a 2,2′-bipyridine (“bipy”) protective ligand coat. The synthesis is readily scalable, typically giving high yields (>80%, >2 g) of a free-flowing reddish-brown powder. The product is soluble in polar organic solvents such as methanol, ethanol, acetone, and dichloromethane, as well as others. The solid form of the sample can be readily achieved from solutions by removal of solvent under reduced pressure. As a solid, the sample is stable indefinitely if stored at room temperature under argon. The solution is stable for at least one month in an oxygen and moisture free environment. Upon long-term exposure to air, the solid sample retains its properties for at least one week. The sample in solution typically begins to show signs of decomposition after few hours of exposure to air.
1. Synthetic Example
Aqueous copper(II) nitrate (0.167 M, 150 mL) was treated with 2,2′-bipyridine (3.905 g, 0.025 mol) under rapid stirring. Aqueous sodium borohydride (5.0 mM, 80 mL) was added dropwise to the rapidly stirring solution, which had been cooled to 0° C. Upon reduction the reaction mixture became dark reddish-brown in color. As a brown precipitate began to form, the vigorous effervescence of the reaction mixture led to foaming. Stirring was continued, making occasional adjustments so as to accommodate foaming. Upon cessation of foaming and effervescence a dark brown solid was isolated by vacuum filtration. The soluble material was then extracted by treating the solid with several portions of absolute ethanol until the filtrate was colorless. The filtrate was taken to dryness and washed with 20 mL of tetrahydrofuran (“THP”) to remove excess ligand. Using standard Schlenk techniques under inert atmosphere, soluble nanoparticles were extracted from the residue using three 40 mL portions of CH2Cl2. The solution was taken to dryness under vacuum to afford a rust-colored powder that could be readily redissolved in polar organic solvents.
2. Characterization of Copper Oxide-Containing Nanoparticles
A number of methods of characterization have been used to study the copper oxide-containing nanoparticles. Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR) of the sample revealed signals that are consistent with the protons of the protecting ligand (in the above case 2,2′-bipyridine). Infrared absorption spectroscopy (IR) for the sample is also consistent with the presence of the protecting ligand (in the above case 2,2′-bipyridine), but also shows peaks that suggest the presence of nitrate, which may be present also as a bound ligand. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) data for the sample is inconclusive and may indicate that the particles are amorphous or are very small nanoparticles.
Transmission electron microscopy images have been collected for a copper oxide-containing nanoparticle sample where the ligand is 2,2′-bipyridine and for the analogous pyridine-capped nanoparticle sample. The micrographs from the 2,2′-bipyridine protected sample were consistent with particles of a size on the order of 4 nm. The micrographs of the pyridine-capped copper oxide-containing particles convincingly display relatively monodisperse particles of a mean size near 5.5 nm (FIG. 1). The transmission electron micrograph for these nanoparticles prepared displays both spherical and near-spherical particles having a mean diameter of 5.46 nm. The standard deviation in particle diameter is 1.18 nm (˜20% the mean diameter), indicative of a reasonably narrow distribution of size. A number of the particles exhibit distinct lattice fringes, as would be expected for nanocrystals. For other particles the lattice fringes are indistinct or absent. Particles lacking lattice fringes may either be amorphous, lacking a well-defined lattice, or may be crystalline, but positioned in such a way that the lattice is not readily observed. The transmission electron micrograph for cuprite nanoparticles prepared with 2,2′-bipyridine as the capping ligand also displays spherical and near-spherical particles. The mean diameter of the particles is 3.82 nm, with a standard deviation of 0.81 nm. Again, the particles exhibit a reasonably narrow size distribution, with the standard deviation being ˜20% of the mean diameter. Lattice fringes are observed for a number of the particles.
Differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were performed simultaneously on a solid sample of 2,2′-bipyridine protected copper oxide-containing nanoparticles (FIGS. 2 and 3). Four regions of interest were found in the DTA of the sample: an endotherm at 201° C., an exotherm at 262° C., an endotherm at 301° C., and an exotherm at 377° C. The TGA exhibited two major regions of weight loss: a loss of 39% of the sample weight centered at 249° C., and a loss of 8% centered at 374° C. The DTA/TGA residue after heating to 800° C. in an inert atmosphere was determined to be bulk copper by XRD (FIG. 4). Heating the sample to 300° C. under DTA/TGA conditions yielded material that was identified by XRD as being predominantly Cu2O, where the crystalline domain was small (<10 nm) as determined by line broadening (FIG. 5). Upon heating to 400° C., the residue was observed to become bulk phase copper as determined by XRD (FIG. 6).
To understand better the implications of the DTA/TGA data, DTA/TGA was performed on a series of reference materials. The endothern at 201° C. correspond well to that observed for the volatilization point of unbound 2,2′-bipyridine (FIG. 7). The fact that this endotherm is not accompanied by a weight loss for the nanoparticle sample indicates that the amount of unbound (or loosely bound) 2,2′-bipyridine in the sample is small. The exotherm at 262° C. and the weight loss centered at 249° C. appear to concur with the loss of bound 2,2′-bipyridine as determined by comparison to the DTA/TGA of the copper(II) complex of 2,2′-bipyridine (FIG. 8). The exotherm at 377° C. and the concurrent weight loss at 374° C. are clearly due to the loss of oxygen from Cu2O to give copper as stated above. DTA/TGA was performed on a sample of bulk Cu2O (FIG. 9); no thermal features were observed. The residue was found to be bulk Cu2O after heating to 800° C. under inert atmosphere.
While embodiments of the invention have been illustrated and described, it is not intended that these embodiments illustrate and describe all possible forms of the invention. Rather, the words used in the specification are words of description rather than limitation, and it is understood that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Previous Patent: Method of forming amorphous silica-based coating film with low dielectric constant and thus obtained...
Next Patent: Method for forming a multi-layer low-K dual damascene
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10422
|
__label__cc
| 0.720024
| 0.279976
|
EMBEDDED ASSESSMENT OF REFUSE FOR ACTIVITY MONITORING
Embodiments of the present invention provide devices and methods for monitoring the waste output of one or more individuals. Embodiments provide a waste receptacle equipped with one or more cameras capable of imaging the contents of the waste receptacle and optionally a scale that is capable of measuring the weight of the waste receptacle or the weight of the contents of the waste receptacle. The waste receptacle optionally communicates wirelessly with a base station that is able to store images of the contents of the waste receptacle and communicate automatically with remote caregivers. Algorithms are provided that are capable of providing a signal to a caregiver to alert the caregiver if the waste receptacle is not in use.
Healey, Jennifer (Waltham, MA, US)
Logan, Beth (Cambridge, MA, US)
340/540, 340/666
G06K9/00
20030123723 Automatic optimized scanning with color characterization data July, 2003 D'souza et al.
20100002933 OVERLAY MARK, METHOD OF CHECKING LOCAL ALIGMNENT USING THE SAME AND METHOD OF CONTROLLING OVERLAY BASED ON THE SAME January, 2010 Yang
20080310684 Data Acquisition For Classifying Slaughtered Animal Bodies And For Their Qualitative And Quantitative Determination December, 2008 Schimitzek
20070237416 RESOLUTION ENHANCING METHOD AND APPARATUS OF VIDEO October, 2007 Taguchi et al.
20070071288 Facial features based human face recognition method March, 2007 Wu et al.
20010048763 Integrated vision system December, 2001 Takatsuka et al.
20030016861 Apparatus for constituting three-dimensional model January, 2003 Okatani
20090238474 STRING SEARCHING FACILITY September, 2009 Sandberg
20090008924 AUTHENTICATING BANKNOTES OR OTHER PHYSICAL OBJECTS January, 2009 Ophey et al.
20020146146 Using digital watermarks to facilitate counterfeit inspection and inventory management October, 2002 Miolla et al.
20090285444 Web-Based Content Detection in Images, Extraction and Recognition November, 2009 Erol et al.
PHAM, TOAN NGOC
INTEL/BSTZ;BLAKELY SOKOLOFF TAYLOR & ZAFMAN LLP (1279 OAKMEAD PARKWAY, SUNNYVALE, CA, 94085-4040, US)
1. A monitoring system comprising: a waste receptacle having an interior; a camera attached to the waste receptacle wherein the camera is positioned so that it is capable of capturing a digital image of the interior of the waste receptacle and wherein the camera is capable of transmitting the image of the interior of the waste receptacle; a image analysis component, wherein the image analysis component comprises a computer-readable medium having computer-executable instructions stored thereon, wherein the computer-executable instructions are capable of receiving a first digital image captured at a first time and a second digital image captured at a second time of the interior of the waste receptacle from the camera and comparing the first image to the second image to determine a difference between the first and the second image; and a decision output component, wherein the decision output component comprises a computer-readable medium having computer-executable instructions stored thereon wherein the computer-executable instructions are capable of providing an alert if the difference between the first and the second image is below a threshold value.
2. The monitoring system of claim 1 also comprising a weight measuring device wherein the weight measuring device is capable of determining a weight of the contents of the waste receptacle and an output component capable of providing an output reflecting the value of a weight determination to a weight analysis component wherein the weight analysis component is capable of determining weight change over time.
3. The monitoring system of claim 1 also comprising a weight measuring device wherein the weight measuring device is capable of determining a weight of the waste receptacle and an output component capable of providing an output reflecting the value of a weight determination to a weight analysis component wherein the weight analysis component is capable of determining weight change over time.
4. The monitoring system of claim 2 wherein the weight analysis component is capable of providing an alert as a result of the determination of weight change over time.
6. The monitoring system of claim 1 also comprising an image storage component wherein the image storage component is capable of storing a plurality of images of the interior of the waste receptacle.
7. The monitoring system of claim 1 wherein the alert is in the form of a notification sent to a remote computer, remote handheld computer, remote personal digital assistant, remote telephone messaging system, or remote telephone.
8. A method of monitoring human activity comprising: providing a waste receptacle having an interior wherein the waste receptacle comprises a camera capable of imaging the interior of the waste receptacle, and wherein the waste receptacle is capable of supplying images of the interior of the waste receptacle to an image analysis system; providing a plurality of images of the interior of the waste receptacle to an image analysis system; wherein a first image is captured at a first time and a second image is captured at a second time; analyzing the images of the interior of the waste receptacle to determine whether or not a change in the contents of the waste receptacle in the time interval between the first time and the second time has occurred wherein the analysis occurs on a programmable data processing machine; determining whether or not to send an alert as a result of the determination of whether or not a change has occurred in the contents of the waste receptacle wherein the determination occurs on a programmable data processing machine.
9. The method of claim 8 also including: providing a weight measuring device wherein the weight measuring device is capable of determining the weight of the contents of the waste receptacle; and determining a weight for the contents of the waste receptacle at least two different times and determining whether or not a change has occurred in the contents of the waste receptacle based on a change in weight of the contents of the waste receptacle wherein the determination occurs on a programmable data processing machine.
10. The method of claim 8 also including: providing a weight measuring device wherein the weight measuring device is capable of determining the weight of the contents of the waste receptacle; and determining a weight for the waste receptacle at least two different times and determining whether or not a change has occurred in the contents of the waste receptacle based on a change in weight of the waste receptacle wherein the determination occurs on a programmable data processing machine.
11. The method of claim 8 wherein the alert is in the form of a notification sent to a remote computer, remote handheld computer, remote personal digital assistant, remote telephone messaging system, or remote telephone.
12. The method of claim 8 also including storing a plurality of images of the interior of the waste receptacle to a data storage device wherein the images can be retrieved from the data storage device.
The embodiments of the present invention relate generally to devices and methods that can be used to monitor activity of one or more individuals in a non-intrusive manner, and more specifically, to devices that are capable of monitoring the waste matter output of one or more individuals.
2. Background Information
Human populations throughout the world are aging. As people age, health issues that require monitoring and regular attention can make it difficult for an individual to remain in their home. Individuals whose health conditions are severe enough to require regular monitoring and care frequently must go to an institutionalized place that can provide the care. Most individuals would prefer to remain in their own homes for as long as possible instead of going to an institutionalized place of care. Additionally, the societal cost of care for individuals with chronic health issues is lower for individuals that are able to remain at home.
Technologies that can monitor an individual in their home provide the welcome possibility that an individual may be able to stay at home for longer. Additionally, health conditions such as diabetes and congestive heart failure can benefit from monitoring by a caregiver. Typically, an individual and/or their daily activities will be monitored in the home and the information transmitted to caregivers who are remote from the individual. The caregivers can monitor the information received to determine information about the health of the individual and determine whether or not the individual requires care.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
FIG. 1 provides an example of a monitoring system comprising a waste receptacle and a camera that is connected to a docking station (not shown).
FIG. 2 provides an additional example of a monitoring system comprising a waste receptacle and cameras that are connected to a docking station (not shown).
FIG. 3 provides an exemplary flowchart for automatic analysis of the contents of a waste receptacle.
FIG. 4 provides an additional exemplary flowchart for automatic analysis of the contents of a waste receptacle.
Embodiments of the present invention provide non-invasive automatic methods and devices for monitoring human activities. Non-invasive devices and methods are preferred as personal privacy is highly valued by individuals. More specifically, embodiments of the present invention provide methods and devices for monitoring one or more individual's waste output over time. The devices are simple to install and capable of integrating with existing monitoring systems. These devices and methods are useful, for example, in monitoring the health and activity of an individual who may have a chronic health condition requiring occasional or frequent medical attention. By monitoring a person's waste output, things such as amount, type, frequency, and time of activity can be determined. For example, for an elder living alone, periodically changing levels of trash indicate mobility and in the case of kitchen trash, may also indicate regular eating activities.
Embodiments of the invention comprise a waste receptacle, such as a container used to accommodate trash, and a camera capable of monitoring the contents of the waste receptacle. The camera may be attached to a side of the waste receptacle or it may be integrated into the body of the receptacle. Referring to FIG. 1, the interior of the waste receptacle 10 may optionally be provided with markings 20 that are visible to the camera 30 and demark various levels of fullness within the trash receptacle. The camera 30 is capable of communicating either through a hard-wired connection to a docking or base station (not shown) or wirelessly through a docking or base station. The camera 30 may optionally receive power through a wired connection to a docking station. The camera 30 captures images of the interior of the waste receptacle 10. The images taken by the camera may optionally be time-stamped by the camera. The images taken by the camera may be analyzed by standard image processing algorithms in order to determine the level of the trash in the waste receptacle. Additionally, images of the waste receptacle contents may be saved or transmitted to a remote user to be viewed by a caregiver.
In alternate embodiments, the waste receptacle may comprise more than one camera that is capable of photographing the interior and contents of the waste receptacle. The two or more cameras are placed in a manner that allow them to take pictures from different perspectives, so that if one camera becomes blocked by a particularly large item of waste, another camera may still be able to photograph the contents of the interior of the waste receptacle. In an exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 2, two cameras 50 are placed on opposite sides of a waste receptacle 60 and are able to capture images of the interior of the waste receptacle. The interior of the waste receptacle are marked with lines 70 useful for determining the level of waste 80 within the receptacle.
Optionally, the waste receptacle may also be equipped with a scale that is capable of measuring the weight of the contents of the waste receptacle. If the waste receptacle contains trash that blocks the camera's ability to record the contents of the waste receptacle, the scale can provide an additional mechanism to determine whether or not trash is being placed in the waste receptacle. The scale may be built into the waste receptacle or located below the waste receptacle. The scale communicates with a base station either wired or wirelessly.
Additional embodiments provide a waste receptacle and a scale that is capable of measuring the weight of the contents of the waste receptacle or the weight of the waste receptacle. The scale may be built into the waste receptacle or located below the waste receptacle. The scale communicates with a docking and or base station either through wired or wireless connectivity. The activity of an individual is monitored by monitoring changes in the weight of the waste in the receptacle. If no changes are detected for a set time period, an alarm is sent to a caregiver.
Further optionally, the waste receptacle may contain an indicator alarm, such as a light or noise, to alert a user to the state of the monitoring system. For example, if the cameras are not able to image the contents of the waste receptacle, the indicator light may be lit or an alarm may sound. The alarm optionally is context aware and notifies the user when a user opens the lid of the waste receptacle or places an item in the waste receptacle. The use of the waste receptacle by an individual is determined by a lid (or cover) opening, a sensor (such as a photodetector) that detects an object passing by the edge of the can, or a change of weight detected by the scale.
The one or more cameras take images at constant time intervals and or when waste is placed in the waste receptacle. In the case of a trash receptacle having a lid (or cover), images are optionally taken when the lid opens. The imaging function is triggered when the lid opens, for example, by a light sensor, by a foot pedal, or by a motion sensor. Additional triggers, such as a photo detector that is capable of triggering when additional trash passes the rim of the waste receptacle are possible. Optionally, the waste receptacle is equipped with a flash or other light emitting mechanism to facilitate imaging when ambient light is low.
Waste receptacles according to embodiments of the present invention may be placed in any location. For example the waste receptacle may be placed in the kitchen, the bathroom, a living room, a bedroom, or a dining room. The trash receptacle may also be equipped with a lid and or a foot pedal that when it is depressed the lid opens. If a user desires to use a liner in the waste receptacle, such as a trash bag, the liner can be transparent so that lines or colors may be viewed through it or the liner can contain lines (or background color) that the cameras are capable of imaging.
In embodiments of the invention, a camera is a device that is capable of capturing an image and storing it in a computer-accessible medium or format. Typically, a camera consists of a lens positioned in front of an opening in an enclosed space capable of focusing light comprising the image to be recorded onto a recording surface and a shutter to prevent or allow light to enter through the aperture. The camera also comprises some form of memory for storing the image captured and a control mechanism that allows instructions provided to the camera to take a photograph to be acted on by the camera and an output mechanism allowing captured images to be output to another device, such as a docking station, memory card, or base station. Both the input mechanism for providing instructions to the camera and the output mechanism are wired or wireless connections.
A waste receptacle is a container or device capable of containing solid refuse. Optionally, the waste receptacle may be provided with a lid or a lid and a foot-operated mechanism for opening the lid.
In an additional embodiment, methods and devices are provided to analyze waste placed in a garbage disposal attached to, for example, a kitchen sink. One or more cameras that are able to image the contents of the garbage disposal first chamber may be associated with the garbage disposal. The first chamber of the garbage disposal is the chamber in which refuse resides before the disposal is activated and the refuse is ground and washed into the drain system. Images of the disposal before it is activated provide useful information. Images before the disposal is activated can be obtained by continuously storing a rotating buffer of periodic pictures (e.g. one every 30 seconds) and storing the buffer when the disposal was activated. This would effectively store pictures taken just before the disposal was activated. The images captured by the camera(s) are communicated to a docking or a base station through a wired or wireless connection.
A docking station comprises a processor, data storage system(s), and input/output ability. A docking station may optionally have the capability to provide power to the sensing systems of the waste receptacle (e.g., the one or more cameras, photosensors, lighting, and scale). The docking station has the ability to receive data from the sensing system of the waste receptacle either through wired or wireless connectivity. The docking station also comprises a memory system (or data storage system), such as for example ROM (read only memory), RAM (random access memory), flash memory, or a combination thereof. The memory system is capable of storing data received from the sensing system. For example, the memory system is capable of storing images received from the camera for later analysis by and or transmission to a caregiver. The caregiver may monitor the images for analysis of dietary habits, for example, in order to understand and or intervene if a health issue, such as diabetes, worsens. The docking station may also comprise a processor that is capable of analyzing the data received from the imaging system. The docking station may also have the ability to send data to the waste receptacle. For example the docking station optionally activates an alert indicating that the imaging system is non-functional. The docking station is optionally capable of supplying power to the waste receptacle. Power may be supplied through the USB cable connecting the sensing systems and the base station, for example. The docking station further optionally comprises one or more output ports capable of communicating with a base station, telephone system, or internet system. The data communicated by the docking station to a base station or caregiver may be the raw sensor data or it may be data that has been processed by algorithms on the docking station. The docking station is optionally capable of receiving data from a base station, remote server, or remote caregiver. Additionally, optionally the docking station may be associated with various peripherals, such as, for example, a display, input buttons, a keyboard, a printer, a disk drive, a CD reader/burner, a mouse, a trackpad, a screen, or a touchscreen.
Optionally, embodiments of the present invention may also comprise a base station and or be able to communicate with a base station. The functions performed by the docking station may instead be performed entirely by the base station. A base station typically comprises a computer, either a multipurpose computer or a computer dedicated to health monitoring activities. The base station comprises a processor, data storage system(s), and input/output ability. Data storage systems include for example ROM (read only memory), RAM (random access memory), flash memory, or a combination thereof. For example, the memory system is capable of storing images received from the camera for later analysis by and or transmission to a caregiver. The caregiver can examine images in response to an alarm to determine if a problem exists. For example, the caregiver may be able to determine that no problem exists because the individual being monitored has been eating out, for example, from the presence of take-out containers in the waste receptacle. The base station is capable of communicating with remotely located computers or devices, such as a computer in a caregiver's home or office. Communication can be through a telephone connection or through the internet, such as for example, through a DSL (digital subscriber line) or cable modem internet connection. The base station is capable of receiving input from one or more sensors and storing the input. Typically the data will be received by the base station wirelessly, through a LAN (local area network), but the base station optionally comprises wired communication ability, such as, USB, or firewire ports. The base station is also capable of processing information received from the one or more sensors for output to a remote location. Optionally, the data processing comprises analyzing output of one or more sensors and providing an output based on the result of the processing. For example, the base station stores images from the cameras and or weight measurements from the scale for later access. Algorithms for analyzing the data are optionally located on the base station or on a computer in a remote location. The images over time are analyzed to determine the level of waste in the receptacle over time. If the level of waste has not changed for a certain period of time (for example, for four hours during daylight) an alarm is sent to a caregiver alerting the caregiver to the existence of a possible problem. If the waste receptacle is equipped with a scale, the weight of the contents of the receptacle over the same time period can be analyzed to determine if there has been a change. If, for example, the weight of the receptacle is constant the alarm is sent. If the weight has changed, the alarm is not sent. Alarms may also be transmitted from the base station or through the base station to the waste receptacle to indicate that the sensors system of the waste receptacle is or is not functioning. Additionally, optionally the base station may be associated with various peripherals, such as, for example, a display, input buttons, a keyboard, a printer, a disk drive, a CD reader/burner, a mouse, a trackpad, screen, or a touchscreen.
Image processing algorithms useful in embodiments of the present invention include algorithms that compare the area of an interior side of the waste receptacle that is visible (not covered by waste) to the area that was visible at an earlier time. In an exemplary embodiment, an image processing algorithm performs a pixel analysis on an image I1 taken at time T1 (which may be an initial image taken when the waste receptacle was empty, taken during initialization or startup) to determine how much of the side of the interior of the waste receptacle is visible and compares it with an analysis of an image I2 taken at time T2. The pixel analysis may be performed using the color of the side of the waste receptacle. Pixels that are not the right color are rejected, and the areas of the pixels having the right color are tabulated to determine the area of waste receptacle side visible. The area A2 found in image I2 is subtracted form A1 the area found in image I1 to determine whether waste has been added to the receptacle (if A1−A2>0, then waste has been added). A threshold area, Ath, may be set such that if A1−A2<Ath, for T1−T2>Tth, then a caregiver is notified for a system in which images are taken. The caregiver can then examine saved images of the waste to determine if waste the same color as the receptacle side has been placed in the receptacle or if some other problem exists. An additional threshold may be set Ath2, such that if A1−A2<Ath2, a more urgent notification is sent to the caregiver. A variety of thresholds may be set to provide useful information to a caregiver. The time interval between T1 and T2 is set so that images that are analyzed are far enough apart in time so as to provide meaningful information to an automated caregiver notification system.
Referring now to FIG. 3, a flowchart of an exemplary data analysis scheme for automatically monitoring the contents of a waste receptacle and providing an automated alert notification is provided. In FIG. 3, images from a waste receptacle having lines in the interior are analyzed. Pixel analysis is performed on images from the waste receptacle from a time TE and a time TN. Time TE is earlier than time TN and the interval between TE and TN is selected in order to provide meaningful data to an alert notification system. The interval between TE and TN may be varied depending on time of day. The images IE and IN may be gathered automatically at set time intervals and or may be the result of images captured after waste receptacle use. In the analysis, known sections of the images containing the lines are extracted and a pixel analysis is performed whereby pixels in the areas extracted are selected if they are the same color as the color of the lines. Areas are computed from the selected pixels where A(TE) is the area of the selected pixels from the image IE and A(TN) is the area of the selected pixels from the image at TN. The difference A(TE)−A(TN) is calculated and decision is made whether or not to alert a caregiver based on whether A(TE)−A(TN) is greater than a set threshold value, Ath. The automated process can then repeat to continue monitoring waste activity. The algorithm determines whether the trash has been emptied by comparing TN to an initial TEi taken during system initialization or setup at a time when the receptacle was empty. If A(TEi)−A(TN)=0 then the trash has been emptied. Alternatively, weight information from a scale may be used to determine whether the waste receptacle has been emptied, such that if WN=Wi then the waste receptacle has been emptied (where WN is the current value for a weight measurement and Wi is an initial value for the empty receptacle. Further alternatively or in addition to other methods for determining that the trash has been emptied, a manual reset button or input device may be provided that a user can depress or activate to manually indicate to the waste receptacle that the waste has been emptied.
In alternate embodiments, lines are used to determine levels of trash. Lines are processed starting at the bottom and a decision is made as to whether a line is covered by trash or not. For example, if pixel analysis reveals that more than half the line is covered by trash, the line is considered to be covered by trash. The number of lines covered by trash provides a level of trash. An alert threshold is determined from an analysis of the average behavior of an individual. For example, if an elder typically throws away about one line's worth of trash per day, then anything less causes a notification to be sent to a caregiver.
FIG. 4 provides an additional algorithm demonstrating an exemplary method for monitoring the contents of the waste receptacle. In this method, a result from the image processing analysis, such as a change in the amount of lines hidden by the trash (a change in calculated area of the lines) is added to a change in weight for the same time interval. The change in weight is multiplied by a constant, k, that is selected to provide a value for the weight difference that is similar in magnitude to the change in area and depends on the units selected for the weight measurement. The sum of the values is compared to a threshold value and if the value is below the threshold, an alert is sent to a caregiver. The process is repeated to provide continuous monitoring.
Previous Patent: TRANSDUCER WITH VARIABLE COMPLIANCE
Next Patent: Recoverable Marks for Films
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10423
|
__label__wiki
| 0.881526
| 0.881526
|
Gai Doran
Director of Research in the School of Forestry & Environmental Studies, Yale University
Gai Doran is Director of Research in the School of Forestry & Environmental Studies at Yale University. Her career as a research Program Administrator and Organizational Manager, in Australia and in the United States, has been primarily in academic settings, including the Australian Centre for Remote Sensing, the Mathematics and Statistics Division of Australia’s Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Quinnipiac University, and the Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS (CIRA) in the Yale School of Public Health. Experienced in interpreting U.S. federal grant regulations and procedures and policy compliance, her expertise lies primarily in supporting U.S. investigators in preparing grant proposals for submission to U.S. federal sponsors. Ms. Doran has a strong interest in encouraging inter-institutional global research collaborations. She was the 2016 NCURA/SARIMA Global Fellow to South Africa, and in 2017 represented NCURA as a panelist at the 14th Conference of the Association of African Universities, held in Accra, Ghana.
Interpreting those bizarre, complex solicitations: What do they really want from us?
Carrick 1, 2 & 3
Developing Research Proposals
Gai Doran - Director of Research in the School of Forestry & Environmental Studies, Yale University
Dr Robin Drennan - Director for Research Development, University of the Witwatersrand (Wits)
Gareth Macdonald
Dr Fiona Millar
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10424
|
__label__wiki
| 0.621246
| 0.621246
|
Panorama Project
Metro-North Station Tours
Harlem Line
Hudson Line
New Haven Line
Pascack Valley Line
Port Jervis Line
Grade Crossing Safety: Metro-North’s New Pilot Program
April 1, 2015 April 1, 2015 Emily Moser 10 Comments
This morning Metro-North announced a new plan to get people’s eyes focused on grade crossings – literally. In a new pilot program, the railroad will be hiring people to wear costumes and protect grade crossings, reminding drivers not to stop on the tracks, or attempt to go around lowered or lowering crossing gates.
Grade crossing incidents have been at the forefront of railroad safety recently, after three high-profile incidents caused major derailments, many injuries, and seven deaths. The three incidents occurred in New York, California, and North Carolina, proving that this is not merely a local problem, but a national problem.
Describing the new pilot program, Metro-North president Joseph Giulietti explained:
Although our program comes up with a solution that is light-hearted, the goal is not to trivialize the problem, or the incidents that have happened at grade crossings. People’s eyes are drawn to things like this – which is the same reason why a fast food place might have a guy dancing around in a hot-dog costume, or a tax prep place might have a lady liberty standing around outside. Sadly, we need to get people’s attention. It seems in our world full of the distractions of loud music, cell phones and other electronic devices, ringing bells, flashing lights, moving gates, pavement markings, and plenty of signage simply does not get anyone’s attention. Even several high-profile grade crossing incidents, and increased police presence at crossings has not stopped drivers from waiting on the tracks, or driving around lowered gates to beat the train.
I find myself agreeing the concept of distracted driving – some have mentioned that Ellen Brody, the woman who caused the Valhalla crash that killed six people, may not have been familiar with the crossing and intersection because of a crash on the Taconic and a detour that evening. Meanwhile, Deborah Molodofsky, who has mentioned she was familiar with the grade crossing in Chappaqua where she had a “close call,” still waited on the railroad tracks and was surprised when the gates came down around her car. Even afterward, she was quoted as saying “I did everything right and I still got caught” – completely oblivious to the fact that she did nothing right – one should never stop on railroad tracks – apparently Ms. Molodofsky never noticed the signs that say as much on the many times she passed that crossing.
Adding to Mr. Giulietti’s comments, Metro-North spokesperson Marjorie Anders said:
On our New Haven main Line, where there are no grade crossings, there are still many incidents with overheight vehicles striking the bridges that carry the tracks. On the Hudson Line, one of our 100+ year-old historical stations had a gorgeous pedestrian walkway into the station – it was completely destroyed by a dump truck striking it. This is clearly a complex problem that will not just have one solution. But if we only look at the grade crossings themselves, we’re missing an important part of the equation – driver distraction.
Anders’ point is a good one – even the NTSB has spent a good amount of time talking about driver distraction in transportation recently, holding a round-table discussion called “Disconnect from Deadly Distractions,” which was live-tweeted by the NTSB’s twitter account.
Note: The Hudson Line station Ms. Anders mentioned where the pedestrian crossing was destroyed was Ardsley-on-Hudson.
President Giulietti made sure to add one more note on the subject:
If for some reason you do happen to get stuck on the railroad tracks, each crossing has a sign with a telephone number and a description of the location. If you call that number and report a vehicle stuck, we can halt trains on the line and prevent a dangerous incident from occurring.
We were lucky enough to capture a video of one of the new hirees working on the Harlem Line, at the Cleveland Street crossing in Valhalla. The town of Mount Pleasant has recently revealed that they would like to close this crossing, to the detriment of the people that live in the neighborhood just over the tracks.
Hopefully such measures will capture the attention of the many drivers that make poor decisions around railroad tracks every day.
The Electrification of Grand Central, and Metro-North’s Third Rail
February 13, 2015 February 16, 2015 Emily Moser 20 Comments
Over the past few years this site has significantly delved into the history of Grand Central Terminal and how it came to be. We’ve talked about the Park Avenue Tunnel wreck that led to the banning of steam locomotives in Manhattan – considered one of the catalysts for building the new all-electric Terminal. We’ve also talked about the power plants established to provide the electricity to power the trains operating to Grand Central. But somehow along the way, we’ve neglected to discuss the integral bit of tech that delivered the electricity to the trains in Grand Central, and is still used today – the third rail.
After the recent, tragic crash on the Harlem Line, the topic of third rail has become a talking point in the media. For those not exceptionally familiar with railroading (who have been frequenting the site as of late), electric trains can be powered by various methods, and most railroad systems picked one method of power for their road. Since Metro-North is made up of two historical railroad systems – the New York Central, and the New York, New Haven, and Hartford – you will not find just one method of powering electric trains here. One common type of power, which is seen on the New Haven Line, is the overhead catenary system. Wires above the train carry electricity, and trains have special “arms” called pantographs that reach up and connect with these wires.
Drawing of the bottom contact third rail invented by William Wilgus and Frank Sprague, from the patent documentation.
The other common method of train power, the third rail, comes in a few different “flavors,” but the concept on each is similar – an extra rail that conducts electricity is placed on the ground, and special shoes on the train connect with it and draw power. The New York City subway and Long Island Railroad, for example, use an over running third rail, where power is collected from the top of the third rail. This is the oldest type of third rail power. Metro-North, however, uses a method of under running third rail, which is also known as bottom contact third rail (or the Wilgus-Sprague system, for its inventors). As one would gather from the name, the power is collected from the bottom of the third rail. This method was especially invented for use in Grand Central Terminal, and was an improvement on the original by inventors William Wilgus (Chief Engineer of the New York Central) and Frank Sprague for safety. It is still used on the Harlem and Hudson Lines today, and is what was involved the recent crash.
Before I continue on, let’s break down some facts about the third rail in Valhalla, and about under running third rail:
The railroad tracks running through the area in question have been in service since 1846.
Under running third rail has been in service in the New York Metropolitan area since 1906.
Third rail in the area in question was installed in 1983 when the Harlem Line was electrified to Southeast (then Brewster North).
Over running third rail (like the LIRR uses) is the oldest type of third rail. Under-running third rail was developed later as a safer methodology, as it was less likely to electrocute a worker or trespasser, and better covered from rain, snow, and ice.
The original NYC subway (IRT) used the older version of third rail because the under running variety had not been invented yet. The Long Island Rail Road followed suit when electrifying due to connections / planned connections with the subway.
The same year that under running third rail was patented, the legislature of the State of Connecticut banned unprotected third rail technology after several people / animals were electrocuted. The whole concept of under running third rail was that the rail was protected, and thus considered far more safe.
In modern usage, under running third rail seems appears overwhelmingly safer in comparison to over running. The subway and LIRR have had far more deaths in this manner – from numerous trackworkers, to people walking across the tracks, falling on the tracks, graffiti artists getting zapped, people trying to rescue dropped items, and even peeing on the third rail. Over the five year period from 2002 to 2006, one person was electrocuted by Metro-North’s third rail, while six were electrocuted by the Long Island Rail Road’s.
The over running third rail used by the LIRR and subway are far more effected by rain, snow, and ice. Even a dropped umbrella onto the tracks managed to shut down the 7 line recently.
Metro-North is not the only transit system to use under-running third rail. One line in Philadelphia uses it. Historically, a tunnel from Detroit to Windsor, Ontario used it, but that line was de-electrified. Transit systems in Vienna, Warsaw, Sao Paulo (and more) use under-running third rails.
Few systems using under-running third rail means nothing about the soundness of the technology. It is only a legacy holdover to a country once comprised of many different railroad companies, each of which picked the technology best suited for them. The lines that comprise Metro-North were not even a unified system until 1969, which is why different modes of electrification are used across the system.
While Chuck “Photo op” Schumer and Richard “Stolen Valor” Blumenthal would prefer to blame a third-rail design that has worked successfully for well over a hundred years, and is safer than the one used by our neighbors, the fact of the matter is that this accident would have 100% been prevented by better driver vigilance and abiding the sign “Do not stop on tracks.”
Black and White Photographs: Commuter Life
December 4, 2013 Emily Moser 15 Comments
Unless you’ve been living under a rock, you know a lot of things have been going on for Metro-North this week. Though people have asked me whether I am going to cover the story myself for this blog, it is my decision to defer to others that have intelligently discussed it elsewhere. Unfortunately, such discussion is but a drop in the ocean of sensational and uninformed thoughts and opinions of everyone and their mother. Clearly, this is why idioms like back-seat driver and armchair quarterback have entered our lexicon. While the 24 hour media can tick seconds away debating whether trains should have seatbelts (no), whether “deadly” curves should be banned (remember that time when the tracks used to be more curvy, and we moved a river?), or whether trains are even safe (yes, and more so than cars), I’m content to allow the NTSB to conduct their investigation, and come up with their suggestions on how to make things safer. You know, the people whose jobs are to investigate accidents, that have Ph.D.s, and whose ranks include “one of the world’s foremost human fatigue experts.” I guess that’s why I like to go to a doctor when I have medical issues, as opposed to consulting some random guy walking down the street.
I will, however, not ignore the events that have transpired. How does a photographer go out and take Metro North photos, or continue blogging, and pretend like everything is awesome? It doesn’t feel right. You don’t want to focus on it, you don’t want to let it define you, but you don’t want to ignore it either. On Instagram I began a series of black and white photographs, which I titled Commuter Life, to try and capture the mood I was feeling. Black and white seemed appropriate – a little somber, a little mourning – the way I felt stepping out on Monday and boarding a train on my way to work. I tried to focus on the people that ride the trains, as opposed to the trains themselves. Four people lost their lives on Sunday, and they could have been any one of us. That person on the platform that we see every day as we both commute. It’s a way of life we share.
Included with every photograph was a short musing on my part. It was more of a stream of consciousness thing – none of the photographs were staged, nor were the comments planned in advance. I carried my camera, and captured the things that caught my eye – from people waiting for the train, to Hudson Line “refugees” playing cards on a packed train to pass the time. In most of the instances, the subjects were unaware I was even photographing them.
You will find the twelve photographs of the series, and their accompanying captions, below – presented with no further commentary.
A relatively somber mood on the platform as we all head to work.
We wait for the train, but others are in our thoughts.
The trains, they are like a second home.
The commute may be long, but we make it our own.
And when the seats empty, we head home, only to repeat again tomorrow.
And today, we ride the train again.
Some of us ride south, but others go north.
Sometimes we wait…
And sometimes we run…
Though the technology advances, some traditions hold through.
Sometimes we invent creative ways to pass the time.
The railroad is not faceless, and sometimes it becomes our friend.
A summer of derailments, and a revisit to Yonkers station
July 28, 2013 Emily Moser 10 Comments
This summer has hardly been the best for railroads all around the world. Several high-profile, and unfortunately deadly, derailments and accidents have occurred in an array of cities. In June a commuter train hit another stopped train in Argentina, claiming three lives and injuring over three hundred. July brought an exceptionally destructive derailment, where a runaway freight train carrying crude oil exploded in the small town of Lac Megantic, Quebec. More than thirty of the town’s buildings were destroyed, and forty-two were killed, with five others missing and presumed dead. Not long after that, six people lost their lives when a train in France derailed and crashed into a station platform. Most recently, a serious derailment in Spain – which appears to be due to the engineer speeding – took the lives of at least seventy-eight.
The serious train derailment in Spain, where at least 78 people died.
At the start of it all in May was Metro-North’s most serious accident in many years, when an M8 derailed and collided with another M8 on the opposite track in May. Proving the mettle of the newest of Metro-North’s rolling stock, no lives were lost in the derailment. Though not an oft mentioned thought related to the crash, had the train been comprised of the New Haven’s ancient M2s, it is fairly likely that there would have been casualties.
Most recently, a CSX derailment fouled up the Hudson Line south of Spuyten Duyvil. There were no serious injuries, and since it was a freight had no passengers aboard, but it did cause damage to the tracks and block the regular commute for Hudson Line riders two Fridays ago. Metro-North raced to get at least one track working for the Monday commute, and succeeded, but opted for alternate service this weekend in order to complete the work. Train service between Yonkers and Grand Central was suspended, and passengers were required to transfer to the subway to get into the city. A fleet of buses shuttled southbound passengers from Yonkers to the Woodlawn subway station, and northbound passengers from the subway to Yonkers station. I checked out the busing at Yonkers yesterday and snapped a few photos of the operation. Though I doubt none of the passengers were thrilled to have to transfer to buses and then the subway, Metro-North has really done a good job of bounding back quickly from incidents like these.
While we’re at Yonkers, it is worth checking out the station itself, and the lovely detailing found within. When we did our station tours, we visited Yonkers, but really didn’t get into some of the littler things you’d find at the station. Designed in the Beaux Arts style by two of Grand Central’s architects, Whitney Warren and Charles Wetmore, the station has the classic hidden symbol found throughout. Just as you can play the “acorn game” in Grand Central, you can do so at Yonkers. The acorn and oak leaf, the adopted family crest of the Vanderbilts, can be found in many of the buildings designed for the family, including some of their railroad stations. Besides the acorns hidden in the outside and inside detailing, you’ll notice the stylized “NYC” for their railroad, the New York Central.
Yonkers, of course, fits into my recent goal of looking at some other buildings designed by Grand Central’s architects. A few weeks ago we looked at Hartsdale station, as well as the former White Plains station, which Warren and Wetmore also designed. Between them and Reed and Stem, there’s a nice list of local places I’d like to talk about in the near future, including Scarsdale, Chappaqua, Poughkeepsie, the Glenwood power station, and the Helmsley building. I’m also planning a nice feature on one of their more distant stations – Michigan Central Station in Detroit – which is arguably an often forgotten fraternal twin sister of Grand Central Terminal.
History of my Hometown: The Railroad in Southbury
Despite the fact that I’ve been a Harlem Line rider for most of my life, I didn’t actually live in New York until two years ago (sorry regular readers, I’ve probably said that a million times). I grew up in a small farm town in Connecticut called Southbury. The place would be miserably boring, except for the fact that Interstate 84 bisects the town, making it easier to get to the more populated areas of Waterbury and Danbury. Southbury is just about equally distant from those two, with Danbury to the west and Waterbury to the east. But Danbury and Waterbury branch trains were hardly as frequent and reliable as those on the Harlem Line, so we always took a ride to either Brewster or Southeast and boarded the train from there.
Southbury isn’t much of a farmtown anymore, however. Many of the farms have been sold for commercial purposes. The place where I used to pick pumpkins as a child is now a strip mall, complete with grocery and office supply stores. A once-grassy hill is now home to a chain pharmacy. After the place had been constructed, a few finishing details were added to the outside of the building: one of which was the address. 14 Depot Hill. Apparently the construction workers were hardly typographers, and didn’t place the ‘p’ on the proper baseline, making it look like ‘DePot.’ It prompted an editorial in the local newspaper, reminding the town of why exactly the road was called Depot Hill – it was once the location of a long-gone railroad depot.
I had known there was a railroad past in the town. In school it was briefly discussed – including the head-on collision between two trains that supposedly was the end of the railroad. After reading much on the subject of rail history, I seriously doubted this. Railroading wasn’t the safest occupation, and accidents happened frequently. I hardly believed an accident would cause the line to be shut down. But on December 10, 1892 two trains did collide – and the engineer and conductor on one were thrown in jail for apparently forgetting they were scheduled to wait on a siding for an oncoming train to pass. It didn’t mark the end of the rail line, though.
Southbury’s station was part of the New York and New England Railroad, which operated from 1849 to 1898. In 1898 the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad leased the line. Service to Southbury continued until 1948. Today there is hardly any evidence that a railroad ran through the town, except for Depot Hill, and a few remaining portions of the railroad trestle bridge that spanned Lake Zoar. Some of the former rail bed has been converted into the Larkin State Bridle Trail. Below are some photos of the railroad around my old town that I found in a few books and such. Most of them aren’t the best quality.
I am not 100% sure that the railroad bridge shown in the last historical picture corresponds with the remaining trestles that are there today (two bottom photos). The geography doesn’t quite match… though it is possible that the photo was taken before the Stevenson Dam was erected, which presumably altered that area, creating Lake Zoar. If anybody knows more about this, or actually has a photo that is definitely of that railroad bridge, leave me a comment!
“Who cares about the facts, as long as I report it first” & Thursday’s Subway Fatality
March 13, 2010 March 14, 2010 Emily Moser 3 Comments
There is this sentiment in the news today, with the internet and all “competing” with the “real” news. That sentiment is “who cares about the facts, as long as I report it first”. And this sentiment sickens me. Seriously.
I have been having issues with my laptop charger, so I haven’t been on my computer quite as much this week. So I totally missed the other day’s story about the person getting killed by the 6 train at 77th Street. Maybe it was good I missed it. Maybe because the story was complete and utter bullshit. Check out the story on The New York Times‘ website, and read the comments. You will see something drastically different than what the story reports. Why? Because the story was changed as the “real” information came in.
Apparently the original story reported that a young girl was struck by the train. Not only that, witnesses report that the girl was possibly pushed off the platform, as students were horsing around. That is pretty fucked up. A person getting pushed? That is murder on the subway! But hey, guess what, that story was completely false. It is now reported that the person that was struck was not a child, but a forty-eight-year-old woman named Rose M. Mankos. And not only was she NOT pushed, the story now reports that she dropped her bag on the tracks, and JUMPED DOWN TO RETRIEVE IT. That on the other hand is NOT murder. That is complete and utter stupidity. I am so sorry, but that woman got what she deserved. You may call me heartless, but if you jump down on the tracks, you are an idiot.
People, never, never, NEVER go down on those damn tracks. Just don’t do it. Losing something on the tracks does happen. New York City Transit estimates that it happens perhaps twelve to fifteen times per day. If you do lose an item, you need to report it to a police officer or employee. There is an Emergency Response and Track Lubrication Division, and they respond to these events. Once the call is made, a track specialist responds and will retrieve the item. It may not happen instantaneously, and you may have to return later to pick up the item, but at least you will be safe. Life is worth more than whatever stupid possessions you may have dropped. You can buy a new iPod. But your poor family members (whom I am truly sorry for… having to identify that mangled mess of your daughter / sister in the morgue) can’t buy another you.
Note: This post has been edited, because I am a moron and wrote that this happened Friday, when in reality it occurred on Thursday. Talk about criticizing the “media,” hah! It has also been updated to reflect the response I got from NYCTSubwayScoop on Twitter regarding the procedure for retrieving a lost item.
Friday’s From the Historical Archive: John M. Wisker
March 12, 2010 February 28, 2010 Emily Moser 3 Comments
Last week I posted about the Park Avenue Tunnel Wreck in 1902. The engineer of the train involved in that wreck was named John M. Wisker.
I was curious to know the fate of this man after the events of the wreck. He was put on trial for manslaughter for the deaths in the wreck, but was ultimately acquitted. I can only imagine the emotional toll this all took on him. From the start of the whole ordeal, he was blamed for the wreck. Newspapers questioned his experience as an engineer. He was even held in jail for a short time.
This was a gruesome crash. Newspapers described some victims as boiling to death from the steam of the engine. Telescoping is a term that you don’t ever want to hear in a sentence alongside anything having to do with rails. Imagine a collapsible telescope, and how the tubes slide into one another to become smaller. Now imagine the same thing in a rail collision: the force causes the cars to collapse into one another, one car sliding inside the others, resulting in heavy casualties.
In 1903 Wisker’s trial began, and later on that week he himself testified about the unsafe conditions of his locomotive. On April 25th, Wisker was acquitted. The emotional toll on the man was clearly evident as the jury read the verdict. He was described as “on the verge of nervous collapse” and “he trembled so violently that he had to be helped to his feet by [his lawyer]”. “He is but a shadow of the big sturdy fellow who was arrested the day of the fatal collision in the Park avenue tunnel.”
It would be nice to know that this man lived a long and productive life after this ordeal. However, in 1909, a work-related accident claimed John M. Wisker’s life. He was age 40. At least he lived long enough to see the beginnings of electric service, and the start of construction on the new Grand Central, both results of the crash in 1902.
1909, August 11 Newspaper Article, The Death of John M. Wisker
1907 Newspaper Article, Fatal Wreck on the New York Central, Harlem Division
1905 Newspaper Article, Park Avenue Wreck – One Killed
Page Sponsor
Musems
Trains and Modern Photography
Follow IRTHL
1900's amtrak art arts for transit brewster chatham conductor construction crazy people Encounters / Observations goldens bridge grand central grand central terminal harlem division harlem line historical archives historical newspapers historical photos History hudson line hudson river Humor metro north new haven line new york new york central new york city panorama Photos platform postcard railroad station stations subway train trains train station tuesday tour of the hudson line tuesday tour of the new haven line Tuesday Tours waiting room wassaic westchester white plains
My name is Emily, though I am known by many who ride the train simply as Cat Girl, for the hats I customarily wear during the winter time. I am a graphic designer, a former Metro North commuter and lifelong Harlem Line rider. This site is a collection of my usually train-related thoughts, observations, photographs, and travels, as well as my never-ending hunt for intriguing historical artifacts.
A Wedding in Grand Central 24 Feb , 2015
Remembering the Upper Harlem Division – Part 1 20 Mar , 2013
The Budd Rail Diesel Car, and more art from Leslie Ragan 23 Apr , 2013
My Final Metro-North Commute 08 Aug , 2015
The Mystery of Grand Central’s Suburban Concourse 07 Jan , 2013
Remembering the Upper Harlem Division, Part 2 23 Mar , 2013
Derailed
Forgotten NY
Transit Blogger
Metro-North Links
Harlem, Hudson and New Haven Line Schedules
Metro-North Train Time
Station Parking & Directions, Fares, Ticket Window Hours
I Ride The Harlem Line, Copyright © 2018 All Rights Reserved.
Usage of I Ride the Harlem Line photographs or text on any other site, or in any other media without permission is EXPRESSLY FORBIDDEN.
This site is not endorsed nor affiliated in any way with the Metropolitan Transportation Authority or Metro-North Railroad.
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10426
|
__label__wiki
| 0.543784
| 0.543784
|
Jon Hamm Confirms Appearance In 2012 MLB All Star Legends and Celebrity Softball Game
Jon Hamm has confirmed that he will be appearing in the 2012 MLB All Star Legends and Celebrity Softball game. The "Mad Men" star will be joined by other hollywood celebrities such as David Cook and Haley Reinhart from "American Idol."
The 2012 MLB All Star Legends and Celebrity Softball Game’s lineup has also been announced, and Royals’ fans will have an opportunity to see many past Kansas City greats take the field. Former players such as George Brett, Bo Jackson and Mike Sweeney will be among the many stars that will be on hand for the game. The game will take place on July 8th, and will be televised on July 9th following the Home Run Derby.
This year’s game is also scheduled to include Ernie Banks, George Brett, Joe Carter, Andre Dawson, Rollie Fingers, Rickey Henderson, Bo Jackson, Mike Piazza, Ozzie Smith, Mike Sweeney and Dave Winfield. For the first time, the game will feature six innings.
Tickets for Taco Bell All-Star Sunday can be purchased via 1-888-FanFest, online at www.allstargame.com, the websites of all 30 MLB Clubs, and at the Kauffman Stadium box office.
Labels: 2012 MLB All Star Game, 2012 mlb all star legends and celebrity softball, David Cook, George Brett, Haley Reinhart, Jon Hamm, Jon Hamm MLB all star game, kansas city news, kc news
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10430
|
__label__cc
| 0.556189
| 0.443811
|
Mandisa: What If We Were Real Review
Mandisa is back with the anticipated follow-up to her 2009 release Freedom. With eleven new pop tracks, Mandisa delivers What If We Were Real, an amazing record full of honesty and freedom. Starting from track one, each new song on Mandisa's new project is sure to leave you asking for more.
The opening track, the radio single "Stronger" bears resemblance to a previous Mandisa single, "My Deliverer." "Stronger" encourages the listener that the pain will only cause you to get stronger, and God will never leave you through your trials: "When the waves are taking you under/ hold on just a little bit longer/ He knows that this is gonna make you stronger." The title track follows on the same upbeat note, but I highly enjoyed the chanted lyrics of the verse. This track challenges the listener to be real, and not hide their hurts and failures: "Keep trying to make it look so nice/ and we keep hiding what's going on inside/ but what if I share my brokenness/ what if you share how you feel/ and what if we weren't afraid of this crazy mess/ what if we were real?"
"These Days" reminded me lyrically of Francesca Battistelli's "This Is The Stuff" single, with a reminder that the things that are most annoying -- not being able to find our phone, getting stuck in traffic, long flights, etc. -- are the things that God uses to help us grow, so we should enjoy life along the way. "The Truth About Me" was slower, with beautiful strings for a backing, but still had an enjoyable pop sound. This track contains a very encouraging message that we are the way God sees us, not the way we feel: ""You say lovely, I say broken/ I say guilty/ You say forgiven/ I feel lonely/ You say You're with me/ We both know it would change everything if only I believed the truth about me."
"Say Goodbye" is an encouraging track reminding the listeners to say goodbye to the regrets and receive the daily mercies of God. One interesting fact about this track is that it features background vocals from Group 1 Crew's Blanca Callahan! "Good Morning" was a definite highlight from What if We Were Real, but the highlight proved to be the guest appearance from TobyMac on the rap bridge. "Good Morning" is a definite dance-provoker!
The contemporary-sounding "Waiting for Tomorrow" was very thought-provoking, especially this line from the chorus: "I don't want to look back and wonder if good enough could have been better/ every day's a day that's borrowed/ so why am I waiting for tomorrow?" "Just Cry" seems to be a part two too "What If We Were Real," along the same lines lyrically. I also enjoyed the high notes that Mandisa hit very well especially in the bridge.
"Temporary Fills" was completely full, containing a cool grunge guitar effect every here and there. This track speaks of having no more quick fixes, but accepting the love of God because "it will last my whole life through." Mandisa's amazing harmonies were also featured on this track, which was very enjoyable.
"Free" was my absolute favorite from Mandisa's What If We Were Real album. With pounding electric drums, this track is fun and very encouraging all around. You will find yourself singing out the lyrics of the chorus along with Mandisa's high and low vocals combination: "Who the Son sets free/ best believe is free indeed/ wanna dance and shout and scream/ I'm free indeed/ F-R-E-E FREE/ Gonna tell the world what He did for me!" Out of all the tracks on What If We Real, this was the one track that stood out to me most. It is a perfect break-dancing song! Finally, the slower-paced, but not mundance track "Lifeline" is a powerful worship song praising God for being there to help in our weaknesses. I enjoyed the amazing buildups that appeared throughout the track, and Mandisa's soaring vocals in this track.
Mandisa's What If Were Real album was very surprising to me. I am a pop lover, so I loved Mandisa's new album from track one, "Stronger," all the way to the ending track, "Lifeline." The encouraging lyrics, Mandisa's amazing vocals, and the incredible, contageous pop made this an outstanding album that stayed on repeat. For the above reasons, I choose to give Mandisa's new album a perfect 5!
1. Stronger
2. What If We Were Real
4. The Truth About Me
5. Say Goodbye
6. Good Morning (Featuring TobyMac)
7. Waiting For Tomorrow
8. Just Cry
9. Temporary Fills
10. Free
11. Lifeline
Labels: Mandisa
Mr. E April 11, 2011 at 10:41 PM
Love Mandisa....can't wait to get the CD!
Josh April 12, 2011 at 12:53 AM
Good album review I enjoyed it and I will be getting this album as soon as I can :) I would say my most favorite song is Good Morning with tobyMac :)
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10436
|
__label__wiki
| 0.778148
| 0.778148
|
Betty Carter, Wes Montgomery, Elvin Jones & Fletcher Henderson Voted in JALC's Hall of Fame
Singer Betty Carter, guitarist Wes Montgomery, drummer Elvin Jones and bandleader Fletcher Henderson have been voted into Jazz at Lincoln Center's (JALC) Ertegun Jazz Hall of Fame.
JALC announced the 2014 inductees Monday after tallying votes by jazz fans worldwide from a list of 10 nominees selected by a committee of musicians and scholars.
Montgomery influenced countless modern jazz guitarists, including George Benson and Pat Metheny. Jones was the driving force propelling saxophonist John Coltrane's classic quartet.
Henderson's big band helped create swing music, and his arrangements were used by Benny Goodman's orchestra. Carter was a masterful scat singer known for her adventurous improvisations.
JALC has inducted 45 members into the Hall of Fame since 2004.
More Information: http://jalc.org
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10437
|
__label__wiki
| 0.943008
| 0.943008
|
P.J. Pacifico Posts Lyric Video For “Walls”, Sets Sights on Next CD with Songwriting Sessions in Los Angeles and Nashville
P.J. Pacifico Posts Lyric Video For "Walls", Sets Sights on Next CD with Songwriting Sessions in Los Angeles and Nashville
Singer-songwriter P.J. Pacifico has posted a new music video for the dreamscape track ‘Walls', from his recent EP release ‘Overlooking the Obvious' (Viper). The Pacifico original features backing vocals by long-time collaborator, Garrison Starr. Watch & listen via link below.
Upon its 2013 release, Pacifico's ‘Overlooking the Obvious' earned substantial coverage - Blurt Magazine posted an Exclusive Video Premiere, American Songwriter debuted an Exclusive track, Daytrotter hosted a session, The CW TV invited P.J. to perform, and AbsolutePunk raved "this concise collection is an absolute treasure." In 2014, Pacifico released ‘Reaching', a thought-provoking follow-up track that shined a light on the ‘selfies' culture and suggested we should be building real-world memories instead of the disposable ones sent from touchscreen-to-touchscreen. American Songwriter World Premiered the song and its lyric video:
http://www.americansongwr...
In recent months, since returning from a U.S. and European tour, Pacifico has been focusing on writing songs for his next album, and for TV. His new songs were co-written in Nashville and Los Angeles with Mindy Smith, Tofer Brown, Robby Hecht, Nielson Hubbard and more. Additional details will be announced soon.
Over the past few years, pop/rock singer-songwriter P.J. Pacifico has evolved from beloved under-the-radar, CT hometown hero to an internationally-respected indie to be reckoned with, praised in such media outlets as M Music & Musicians Magazine, iTunes Editorial, American Songwriter and scores of other print, web and television placements throughout the U.S. Reviewers have repeatedly compared him to Paul Simon, James Taylor, Matthew Sweet and others, while embracing his live performance chops and upbeat, radio-friendly songwriting. With influences including The Smiths, Morrissey and Del Amitri, Pacifico has earned raves - see a sampling of press coverage, here: http://www.pjpacifico.com...
His sound has been described as "a jam session between James Taylor and Matthew Sweet," with some classic rock influences thrown in for good measure. His songs feel immediately familiar and comfortable; straight from the heart and sure to get stuck in your head. Pacifico tours on a regular basis - a series of solo and full band dates; both as a headliner and as an opening act for several certified legends. has shared the stage with Crosby, Stills & Nash, Lynyrd Skynyrd, Sugarland, Hank Williams Jr., Levon Helm, Leon Russell, Bob Weir & Ratdog, The Wailers, The Low Anthem, Donavon Frankenreiter, Dar Williams, Guster, moe., Ryan Shaw, and Sean Kelly of The Samples. His trademark brand of warm, inviting, hook-filled songs, the themes of love and survival, redemption and recovery, have endeared him to a growing number of fans from coast-to-coast. He saw breakthrough success with ‘Outlet' and ‘Surface', and charted a confident new path with ‘Overlooking the Obvious'. On ‘Reaching', he elevated the conversation and set the stage for his next album release.
visit - http://www.pjpacifico.com...
visit: www.viperrecords.com
More Information: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZJF3VvO_vrs
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10438
|
__label__cc
| 0.716208
| 0.283792
|
Usdan 12/13 Visit/Info Event; Full Jazz Program, $100 Tuition Discount
(Published: December 02, 2015)
(PHOTO: JANE MONHEIT PERFORMS AT USDAN GALA). Usdan (www.usdan.com), the nationally acclaimed summer arts day camp that for almost 50 years has introduced the arts to more than 40,000 children, announces the beginning of enrollment for the 2016 season, which begins Monday June 27, 2016.
Usdan's Jazz Department, founded in 1986 by Dr. Billy Taylor, has vocal, instrumental and ensemble classes at beginner to advanced levels, and its Jazz Ensemble regularly performs in the camp's on-site McKinley Ampitheater. Jazz stars who have performed and taught at Usdan include Jimmy Heath, Dr. Taylor, Arturo O'Farrill, Bobby Watson, Jon Faddis and Usdan alumna Jane Monheit.
Usdan also announces that this year, for the first time, parents have the option to enroll their children online, at www.usdan.com/enroll. Those whose prefer print enrollment can print the application off the web or have a form mailed to them. In addition, there will be, Priority Renewal, a $100 tuition reduction for all programs - 3, 4 and 7 weeks - for enrollment through the priority deadline of January 31, 2016.
The net Visit and Information Event for the new season will be on Sunday December 13, at Usdan's magnificent 200-acre woodland campus, 185 Colonial Springs Road, Wheatley Heights, NY 11798. For an appointment, call 631-643-7900 (Visitors must be 21 years of age or accompanied by a parent).
In addition to Usdan's frequent Information Events, Usdan offers weekend and weekday Campus Visits available by appointment. For directions to Usdan, visit www.usdan.com.
Usdan offers more than 60 programs in music, dance, theater, visual arts, creative writing, nature and ecology and chess, annually hosting more than 1,400 students from towns throughout the Tri-State New York area. No audition is needed for most courses, and transportation is provided in air- conditioned buses that depart from most New York-area neighborhoods. One-third of Usdan's students receive scholarship assistance based on merit or family need. Video from many of Usdan's programs and special events, may now be viewed on Usdan's website, www.usdan.com, as well as on YouTube. Also, families can check out Usdan's Facebook site, where additional information and late-breaking news is featured.
Usdan includes among its alumni actors Natalie Portman and Olivia Thirlby and singers Jane Monheit and Mariah Carey. Usdan is open to all young people from age 4 to 18. Although the mission of Usdan is for every child to establish a relationship with the arts, the unique stimulation of Usdan has caused many to go on to arts careers. Alumni include members of Broadway shows and major music, theater, and dance ensembles such as the Boston Pops and the New York City Ballet. In addition to its regular programs, Usdan offers special opportunities for advanced high school-age performing and visual artists. These include Music Staff Internships and a Musical Rep Theatre Ensemble. Usdan is an agency of the UJA-Federation of New York.
More Information: http://www.usdan.org
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10439
|
__label__cc
| 0.747529
| 0.252471
|
Apr 25 Undercurrents
"He that walketh with wise men shall be wise: but a companion of fools shall be destroyed." (Proverbs 13:20)
It can be hard to resist the call to lower one's standards and...associate with those whose only aim is to bring you down. No, you may not realize it at the moment, but there are those whom you might consider your friends but are really only leading and shining you on. The sooner one realizes this, the chance for heartache later on is lessened. Better yet, it's good to know yourself and therefore other people before launching out on a new friendship that's bound to run aground.
"Behold, I send you forth as sheep in the midst of wolves: be ye therefore wise as serpents, and harmless as doves." (Matthew 10:16)
Jesus was (and is) a master at interpersonal relationships. He'd have to have a keen insight into human nature too, right? He kept company with numerous character types, the kind your mother might have warned you about growing up. I don't mean to be flippant, but the Pharisees chided Him for allowing Himself to be "a friend of publicans and sinners" (Luke 7:34) This is where wisdom comes in. Are you sure enough in your faith and love for the Lord to not only see people as they are, but to keep yourself from being unduly influenced by those who couldn't care less about, not only your peace of mind, but also your faith and purity before the Lord? Because it's one thing to just go with the flow, it's quite another thing to be carried about against your will by an undercurrent in which you have no control.
"But Jesus did not commit Himself unto them, because He knew all men, And needed not that any should testify of man: for He knew what was in man." (John 2:24-25)
Everything means something. Every minute piece of interaction between you and anyone else means something. Essentially, it's all a matter of representing Jesus to those you meet. But people aren't just tabula rasa (a blank slate). They bring with them their combined experience and the choices they've made that have conspired to turn them in to the person with whom you're interacting. This can be a good thing or a bad thing.
"Her feet go down to death; her steps take hold on hell." (Proverbs 5:5)
This is Solomon referring to a "strange woman" (5:3) What's the difference between the woman to which he's referring (essentially a prostitute) and the "publicans and sinners" with whom Jesus associated? Who knows. Kind of a broad generalization, I know, but Jesus was so intense that He was able to see through the facade of those who lived a life of sin and validate them at their core. But He also used wisdom. If the Holy Spirit kept Him back from interaction with unsavory character types, it was for good reason. This being said, Jesus, even at His most intense, was also totally approachable by anyone with a pure and honest motive of heart. Were we to see Him today, any vestige of dishonesty would come to the surface and we'd need to deal with that. One does not simply walk up to the one who is truth personified and expect to win Him over with their charm and charisma. I feel that many people have this notion and it's simply incorrect.
Taken to its logical conclusion, a friendship (really, any relationship) that wasn't begun under the auspices of truth and honesty is not likely to last. This is stark but pray about it. If there are those in your life who don't buoy you with their presence and support, then pray for them but don't let them blunt your faith.
deceit, dishonesty, friendship, honesty, influence, Jesus, relationship, truth
Apr 26 Speaking Up (Up For It part 2)
Apr 24 Old Wounds Telling
Dec 14 The Renunciation (The Way of Lying part 4)
Apr 4 Undue Undulations
Jun 11 Crowns, Thorns
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10440
|
__label__wiki
| 0.709355
| 0.709355
|
Embassy of the State of Kuwait in Washington
Embassy Offices
Embassy Holidays
Consular Jurisdictions
Kuwaiti Citizens Affairs
Authentication of Documents
Travel Document for a US-born Child of a Kuwaiti Father
Eligibility for Visa Upon Arrival
Accompanying Family Visa
Personal Documents
Commercial Documents
Importing Pets to Kuwait
Ambassador Salem Abdullah Al-Jaber Al-Sabah's Biography
His Excellency Salem Abdullah Al-Jaber Al-Sabah became ambassador of Kuwait to the United States in June 2001.
Ambassador Al-Sabah has also been the ambassador of Kuwait to Korea (1998), minister plenipotentiary (1998) and first secretary to the Permanent Mission of the State of Kuwait to the United Nations, New York (1997-1998). From 1986 to 1991 he was the diplomatic attaché for the Office of the Minister of State for Foreign Affairs in Kuwait.
He earned his bachelor’s and master’s degrees in political science from the American University of Beirut, Lebanon. He also speaks Arabic, English and French. Ambassador Al-Sabah is married with four children.
Ambassador Salem Abdullah Al-Jaber Al-Sabah's welcome
Embassy of the State of Kuwait
2940 Tilden Street NW
(10:00AM - 3:00PM during Ramadan)
Ambassador's Activities
US VP attends Kuwait's Embassy in Washington annual gala dinner
The Embassy celebrates Kuwait's national day
Melania Trump receives Kuwait-America Foundation '17 Humanitarian Award
US, UN support Kuwaiti efforts to resolve Gulf crisis
Ambassador Al-Sabah extends Ramadan greetings
© 2019 Embassy of the State of Kuwait
2940 Tilden Street, NW • Washington, DC 20008 • USA • (202) 966-0702
Website development by GlobeScope
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10442
|
__label__cc
| 0.700894
| 0.299106
|
← Goodreads
Cults, religion and mystery →
One of the sources of inspiration for my novel, Borderliners, was the 1942 novel by Albert Camus, The Outsider (or The Stranger in some translations).
The alien feeling the novel evokes is very powerful. Camus himself said his protagonist
is condemned because he does not play the game.
My protagonist, Elena Lewis, is also an outsider. Having arrived in her isolated village eighteen months earlier to set herself up as a psychotherapist to the local community, she finds she is unable to integrate.
Having experienced this three times in my own life – once in a small town in the Home Counties when I was a child, once in Northern Germany during a sandwich year as a student and once more recently as an adult – I feel that some people are destined to be city dwellers, preferring the anonymous transience and comforting unity brought about by the idea of being an outsider in a wider community of outsiders. This, of course, makes you an insider of sorts.
But being a real outsider in a small community is no joke.
Elena’s character traits make it more difficult for her to integrate: she’s independent, self contained but also highly introspective and suffers bouts of depressive illness. The combination of these traits make it difficult for those on the inside to either understand or reach out to her. They think, she doesn’t need anyone.
All the lonely people
In a society where more than one in four of us lives in a singleton household and where those of who do live with family often remain isolated in other, more subtle ways, the idea of the outsider was an important one for me. Appearances are deceptive. More people are out the outside than we imagine. As philosopher Henry David Thoreau said,
‘The mass of men lead lives of quiet desperation.’
Elena doesn’t play the game either and quickly finds herself up against those who have the rest of the village dancing to their tune. Going against the grain carries punishment, sometimes subtle, sometimes harsh.
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10445
|
__label__cc
| 0.719056
| 0.280944
|
March 2016 Films in Review
From Up on Poppy Hill - One of the more recent Studio Ghibli releases, and very charming. A group of young schoolchildren band together to refurbish their clubhouse and journey to the city in an attempt to save it from demolition. In the background is a story of family, young love, and fate. Really cute and full of the usual Ghibli charm. Although I normally watch with Japanese audio and English subs, this time I watched the American dub and enjoyed the vocal talents of both Gillian Anderson and Jamie Lee Curtis.
Love & Mercy - A biopic of sorts about Brian Wilson of The Beach Boys dealing with his mental illnesses and how they affected his music composition. Told from the perspectives of young Brian at the peak of his career (1960s), and an older Brian (1980s) navigating a new romance and a manipulative relationship with his psychotherapist. Wish it did a better job talking about Brian's auditory hallucinations from a medical perspective but I guess that wasn't really 'the focus'. Elizabeth Banks was probably the highlight of this for me, even though Paul Dano was also fantastic.
Blade Runner - It's Blade Runner. Everyone was good, the atmosphere was impeccable, and I can see why this is a cult classic.
Paris, je t'aime - Eighteen short films, all by different directors, telling unique stories of Paris and those spending time there. A really interesting variety of stories and relationships, my favourites included Wes Craven's journey with a couple around Pere-Lachaise (featuring Oscar Wilde's ghost) and Vincenzo Natali's vampire love story from the eighth arrondissement.
Paddington - A shockingly fun and enjoyable adaptation of my one true love, Paddington Bear. Lots of wonderful British talent and appropriate for all ages. The bear wasn't even that creepy either. Sally Hawkins is the best.
What We Do in the Shadows - One of my new favourite films. A mockumentary about a group of vampires housesharing in New Zealand. I have few words I can use to describe this film. It's painfully hilarious and weirdly heart-warming. I was grinning from ear-to-ear when this was finished; bring on the sequel. Also, Jemaine from from Flight of the Conchords is in it, so if you know that series, you've got an idea of the weird vibe of its humour already.
Tags: film
A 23rd Birthday Book Haul
Bright Paper Packages: March 2016
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10449
|
__label__cc
| 0.633859
| 0.366141
|
Sharing Curated Links — While using social media for marketing is a great way to leverage your own unique, original content to gain followers, fans, and devotees, it’s also an opportunity to link to outside articles as well. If other sources provide great, valuable information you think your target audience will enjoy, don’t be shy about linking to them. Curating and linking to outside sources improves trust and reliability, and you may even get some links in return.
These posts can be one or more of the following: images, photo sets, animated GIFs, video, audio, and text posts. For the users to differentiate the promoted posts to the regular users' posts, the promoted posts have a dollar symbol on the corner. On May 6, 2014, Tumblr announced customization and theming on mobile apps for brands to advertise.[72]
Social media marketing is a powerful way for businesses of all sizes to reach prospects and customers. Your customers are already interacting with brands through social media, and if you're not speaking directly to your audience through social platforms like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Pinterest, you're missing out! Great marketing on social media can bring remarkable success to your business, creating devoted brand advocates and even driving leads and sales.
Facebook pages are far more detailed than Twitter accounts. They allow a product to provide videos, photos, longer descriptions, and testimonials where followers can comment on the product pages for others to see. Facebook can link back to the product's Twitter page, as well as send out event reminders. As of May 2015, 93% of businesses marketers use Facebook to promote their brand.[36] A study from 2011 attributed 84% of "engagement" or clicks and likes that link back to Facebook advertising.[37] By 2014, Facebook had restricted the content published from business and brand pages. Adjustments in Facebook algorithms have reduced the audience for non-paying business pages (that have at least 500,000 "Likes") from 16% in 2012 down to 2% in February 2014.[38] [39][40]
Social media itself is a catch-all term for sites that may provide radically different social actions. For instance, Twitter is a social site designed to let people share short messages or “updates” with others. Facebook, in contrast is a full-blown social networking site that allows for sharing updates, photos, joining events and a variety of other activities.
Since social media marketing first came to be, strategists and markets have been getting smarter and more careful with the way they go about collecting information and distributing advertisements. With the presence of data collecting companies, there is no longer a need to target specific audiences. This can be seen as a large ethical gray area. For many users, this is a breach of privacy, but there are no laws that prevent these companies from using the information provided on their websites. Companies like Equifax, Inc., TransUnion Corp, and LexisNexis Group thrive on collecting and sharing personal information of social media users.[107] In 2012, Facebook purchased information from 70 million households from a third party company called Datalogix. Facebook later revealed that they purchased the information in order to create a more efficient advertising service.[108]
Black hat SEO attempts to improve rankings in ways that are disapproved of by the search engines, or involve deception. One black hat technique uses hidden text, either as text colored similar to the background, in an invisible div, or positioned off screen. Another method gives a different page depending on whether the page is being requested by a human visitor or a search engine, a technique known as cloaking. Another category sometimes used is grey hat SEO. This is in between black hat and white hat approaches, where the methods employed avoid the site being penalized but do not act in producing the best content for users. Grey hat SEO is entirely focused on improving search engine rankings.
Webmasters and content providers began optimizing websites for search engines in the mid-1990s, as the first search engines were cataloging the early Web. Initially, all webmasters only needed to submit the address of a page, or URL, to the various engines which would send a "spider" to "crawl" that page, extract links to other pages from it, and return information found on the page to be indexed.[5] The process involves a search engine spider downloading a page and storing it on the search engine's own server. A second program, known as an indexer, extracts information about the page, such as the words it contains, where they are located, and any weight for specific words, as well as all links the page contains. All of this information is then placed into a scheduler for crawling at a later date.
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10452
|
__label__wiki
| 0.923869
| 0.923869
|
Home > About Massey > News > ‘Stick men’ may be rendered obsolete in insect world
Dr Mary Morgan-Richards with a female stick insect.
‘Stick men’ may be rendered obsolete in insect world
Male stick insects are becoming increasingly redundant, with new research showing some New Zealand female stick insects can reproduce as efficiently on their own as with a male mate.
Not only that, the females capable of reproducing without male help always produce female offspring.
The research, by Dr Mary Morgan-Richards of the Ecology Group, describes the distribution and evolutionary relationships of sexual and asexual populations of the stick insect.
The work was a collaboration with Dr Steve Trewick, also of the Ecology Group, and Dr Ian Stringer, from the Department of Conservation in Wellington. The findings featured in a paper entitled Geographic parthenogenesis and the common tea-tree stick insect of New Zealand, published in the international journal Molecular Ecology.
The team conducted several experiments involving the reproduction of the species. Some populations have equal numbers of males and females that reproduce sexually, but others have unmated females that lay eggs that hatch and produce offspring identical to the mother, a process known as parthenogenesis.
The research also indicates that all of the southern parthenogenic populations seem to have the same common ancestor. “That was unexpected,” Dr Morgan-Richards says. “It seems extraordinary when any single female is capable of reproducing parthenogenically.”
The team took females out of sexual populations and raised them on their own. Despite the lack of a male to mate with, the stick insects that usually reproduced sexually were capable of reproducing asexually.
“All of the parthenogenic populations of stick insect are to the south in New Zealand compared to the sexual populations more to the north,” Dr Morgan-Richards says. They do not have a clear idea of why that is but it seems to fit with the idea of range expansion — organisms moving to warmer places further north when the climate cools and expanding their population mid-range by going south when the climate warms.
The researchers found similar hatching success in mated and unmated females. Mated females produce equal numbers of male and female offspring, with most hatching within 9-16 weeks. In contrast, most of the offspring of unmated females were female, and the eggs took 21-23 weeks to hatch.
The difference in the development rate of the eggs “may have to do with the mechanism that they use to grow without sperm — but we don’t know", Dr Morgan-Richards says. She suggests that competition between the two sexual forms could be influenced by an extended development rate in the south.
Females from sexual populations that had access to mates did not reproduce asexually, even though they were capable of doing so. Also, females from parthenogenic populations were able to reproduce sexually if they were given a male, but only about 10 per cent of their offspring were the result of sex. “It seemed that reverting to being sexual isn’t an easy step.”
The next phase of the research will try to determine the cause of such low rates of sexual reproduction from formerly parthenogenic populations.
Snails hold key to evolutionary theory
Bird molecules challenge to Moa's Ark theory
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10457
|
__label__wiki
| 0.860145
| 0.860145
|
Chrisette Michele Biography
It has been two years since sultry voiced singer Chrisette Michele released her stunning gold-certified debut I Am. Blessed with a gorgeous instrument and described as a “soulful songbird” by Entertainment Weekly, the Long Island native proved to the world that she could live up to the hype. Nominated for a BET Award for Best New Artist as well as two Grammy’s, I Am was both a critical success and a fans delight.
Still, when it came time to begin recording her follow-up, the aptly titled Epiphany, she realized the need to challenge herself. “I felt like I was a little too shy and laidback my first time out,” confesses Chrisette. “On my new project I wanted to raise the bar and step-out of my comfort zone. I wanted to make songs that were more edgy, youthful and urban.
Recruiting talented collaborators that include Ne-Yo, the singer/songwriter has infused her jazz vocal style with more pop. Marking a transition away from her traditional leanings to a fuller integration of hip-hop soul, Chrisette Michele was clearly conscious of the next level. Yet, as can clearly be heard on her newest single “Epiphany (I’m Leaving),” the 26-year-old has expanded her musical palette.
Constructed by Ne-Yo and Chuck Harmony, the title-track is a beautiful broken-hearted song that reveals the emotional misery behind Chrisette’s lovely smile. “Ne-Yo took out time from his crazy schedule to talk about direction for some of the songs, including the pain of break-ups and the joys of new love,” says Chrisette.
Opening with spacey keyboards and girl group backgrounds, Chrisette’s bold declaration of fly girl independence (“It’s over,” she sings) on “Epiphany (I’m Leaving)” sets the tone of most of the disc. “That word ‘epiphany’ just meant so much to me, because it was during the time that I was preparing to record that something clicked in my spirit.”
Chrisette’s coming back much tougher! Nowhere does that toughness come across more than on the soulful “Blame It on Me.” An awesome ballad that colors itself with a little Muscle Shoals soul, there is red dirt earthiness that is just completely raw. “You can say whatever you want, as long as its goodbye,” Chrisette wails coldly.
That song is an amazing collaboration with Claude Kelly and Chrisette’s writing with Chuck Harmony producing. A producer/ songwriter who is part of Ne-Yo’s production collective Compound Entertainment, Chuck has worked on projects with Mary J. Blige, Janet Jackson and Celine Dion.
Since the release of her I Am, Chrisette has always toured endlessly with her band: the Truth and other R&B singers, Raheem DeVaughn, and Solange Knowles. “To me, nothing is more important than touring,” she says. “Communicating with the audience through song can be magical. Singing in the studio is one thing, but you must be able to bring it to the stage too.”
Citing Japan and Barbados as two of her favorite spots, Chrisette explains, “In Japan, it is just about the music, and an artist is judged by the material, not the latest gossip. While, in Barbados audiences just show such a passion, like they can pick-up what is going on in your heart.” In addition, Chrisette also found time to record with The Roots (“Rising Up”) and The Game (“Let Us Live”).
“Honestly, I was anxious when I went to work with Game, but he turned out to be one of the nicest people I’ve ever met, and now he calls me ‘cuz’” Chrisette admits.
As if that was not enough, Chrisette also started working on her acting chops after appearing on an episode of Girlfriends. Playing herself in "What's Black-A-Lacking," an episode directed by series star Tracee Ellis Ross, she says, “That experience was amazing, because they allowed me to have so much input and let me to write my own scenes. Truthfully, there is no feeling like seeing myself on TV.”
Ne-Yo and Harmony were inspired to write “Another One.” Opening with a lovely acoustic guitar and Chrisette singing quietly, “Another One” slowly builds to the point of explosion. “That is my favorite song on the album,” Chrisette admits. Mixing rock guitars with hip-hop drum patterns, the track is an obvious winner. “Nobody captures New American music like Ne-Yo and the Compound crew.”
Chrisette Michele worked with Rodney jerkins on the first album. “Anybody who thinks they can go into the studio with Rodney and not work is kidding themselves,” she laughs.
While angst and heartbreak is part of Chrisette Michele’s persona on her sophomore project, the power and strength of her material gives Epiphany the sound of a future classic. Without a doubt, this is the first great album of 2009.
Source: thisischrisettemichele.com
Follow @musictorycom
(Lil Nas X)
(Luke Combs)
(Taylor Swift)
(Jonas Brothers)
Joe McElderry
Candice Glover
N-Dubz
Secondhand Serenade
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10460
|
__label__wiki
| 0.56018
| 0.56018
|
3 Stocks Picks Which Have Slumped in the Downturn
These three companies have seen their share price fall in recent volatility - but this has left them undervalued, says Killik & Co's Rachel Winter
Emma Wall 7 November, 2018 | 2:01PM
Emma Wall: Hello and welcome to Morningstar. I'm Emma Wall and joining me today to give her three stock picks is Killik and Co's, Rachel Winter.
Hi, Rachel.
Rachel Winter: Hi Emma.
Wall: And what's the first stock you'd like to highlight today?
Winter: Well, clearly, it's been quite a tough few weeks for markets. So, we have been on the lookout for some stocks that we think are oversold. And so the first one we've looked at is Standard Chartered (STAN). So, it's a U.K. listed bank, but it's very much emerging markets and Asia focused. So, if I get exposure to Asia and Africa and we think that's very good growth there. And just looking at Standard Chartered in terms of the share price, you know it's come down more than 50% since 2013 and in that time we have seen most other banks doing quite well. And it is right that Standard Chartered has come down a bit. It has really struggled.
It was trying to expand after the financial crisis when many banks were really trying to rein in what they were doing. It had exposure to risky areas such as diamonds, for example. It was very poorly capitalised. Then about three years ago, they had a new Chief Executive and he's really tried to derisk the bank. He's sold off the risky operations. He's gone through with the rights issue, so now the bank is much more well capitalized. And now we think the bank is looking like the share price is low enough to make it a good investment.
Wall: Now you've mentioned Asia there and the stocks exposed to Asia as being a positive for growth over the long-term. But at the moment, Asia and in particular China is marred by the U.S. trade war. Is that the constraint for Standard Chartered?
Winter: We do think it's a good thing in the long run, so rates of growth in Asia, particularly for financial services are well ahead of what we have here in the developed world. And we say that, the first thing people tend to buy is food and shelter and after that they consider financial services. So, as the middle class in Asia and Africa grows that should be very good for financial services. So, it's definitely a positive, but you are right in saying, it is a risk, particularly with China starting to slow down a bit. So, it could potentially be volatile. But now we think that Standard Chartered is trading on a price-to-earnings ratio of about 8.6 and that to us is low enough to make that risk worth taking.
Wall: And what's the second stock pick?
Winter: Second one is DS Smith (SMDS). So, this is a FTSE 100 packaging company. Now packaging stocks have been hit quite hard recently because of concerns about a crackdown on single-use plastic. So, we feel that investors and consumers are becoming more environmentally aware and they've really tried to come out of companies that are producing materials that can't be recycled. But actually for DS Smith, we think they are quiet environmentally sustainable. So, most of their products are made of cardboards, their corrugated cardboard, rather than plastic.
They do have a plastics division, but that doesn't focus on single-use plastics, it makes predominantly recyclable plastics. And also they're the first company in the U.K. to make a plant that can recycle coffee cups. So, here in the U.K., we use probably 4,000 disposable coffee cups every minute and they can't be recycled because it's quite difficult to separate the paper cup from the plastic lining. So, the plastic lining is there to make the cup waterproof. But DS Smith has developed a huge plant in the southeast of the U.K. and that can separate those two materials. And it's got capacity to recycle every single coffee cup that is used in the U.K. So, for me that is a massive plus and it's really a moral reason to invest in the story.
Wall: And what's the third and final stock pick?
Winter: Third one is a company called ASML (ASML), which is the global leader in photolithography machines, and I'll tell you what that is. And so if you imagine that as things become more technologically advanced, more and more devices will be connected to the internet. If you want to connect to the internet, you need a chip, inside that chip you have a semiconductor. And if chips want to get smaller and smaller, then we need semiconductors, they're going to get smaller and smaller. But the issue is that you have to draw a circuit on each semiconductor and as those semiconductors get smaller, it becomes very difficult to do that. So, what ASML have done is they've developed machines that can do that using light and that's what photolithography is. And they're the only company that's made machines that can do this on a commercially viable scale. So, we think the opportunity here is huge. We think that business for them will grow, when they'll take market share as chips become more small and more complex. And it's a stock that's sold off quite heavily over the last few weeks. So, at the moment we do think it's oversold.
Wall: Now some of these smaller chip companies, for example, Arm Holdings, have been takeover targets. Is that a consideration for this stock?
Winter: Well, if it happens, I'd say it's a positive because that will push up the share price. But they're not actually producing chips themselves. They're making the machinery that can be used to write on these chips. So, they're relevant to every single chip manufacturer in the world. So, I think they are quite different to buying just a normal chip manufacturer. And one other point, I'll make there has been a little bit of concern recently that chip sales have been slowing down. But I'd like to think that's a short-term blip because we had Samsung's results out yesterday, they're the largest chip manufacturer in the world and they've posted very strong chip sales last night, so that's reassured me.
Wall: Rachel, thank you very much.
Winter: You're welcome.
Wall: This is an Emma Wall for Morningstar. Thank you for watching.
Killik: 3 Retail Stock Picks
Rachel Winter from Killik & Co highlights three retail stocks that are defying the odds an...
Fidelity Special Sits 3 Stock Picks
Alex Wright, manager of the Fidelity Special Situations fund, shares his three stock picks for...
3 US Stock Picks You Haven't Heard Of
Looking to gain access to the growing US economy and buoyant consumer? Consider these three le...
ASML Holding NV 199.50 EUR 2.84
Smith (DS) PLC 363.40 GBX -0.49
Emma Wall is Senior International Editor for Morningstar
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10466
|
__label__wiki
| 0.834554
| 0.834554
|
Soccer, Boys Results
Duluth Denfeld High School 1 Back to Soccer, Boys Page
Hermantown High School 0 Saturday, September 15, 2018 Back to Soccer, Boys Results
Duluth Denfeld High School Games Goals Assists Shots Games Saves Shots Against Save % Goals Against Shutout Minutes Goal Against Average
Dalton Ulland 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Keegan Chastey 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Julian Beckrich 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Maison Oliver 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Caden Rathke 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Connor Feyen 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Samed Onkuzu 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Jon Faynik 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Jacob Johnson 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Gavin Love 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Carter Mierow 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Gabe Fossum 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sebastian Haugen 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Peter Foldesi 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Zach DeCaro 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Xavier Decker 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Eric Gibson 0 0 0 0 1 3 3 0 0 1 80 0
Austin Hudyma 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Parker Chastey 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Logan Rosholt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Hermantown High School Games Goals Assists Shots Games Saves Shots Against Save % Goals Against Shutout Minutes Goal Against Average
Matthew Joki 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cole Stokke 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
A.J. Harris 0 0 0 0 1 9 10 0 1 0 80 0
Jakob Wright 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mike Thedens 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Thomas Rohlader 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Alex Bjorlin 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Brayden Bramstedt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Evan Bjorlin 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lukas Aanonsen 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Seth Johnson 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sam Mesedahl 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kaden Kucza 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Owen Wikstrom 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Indio Dowd 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wayne Simonson 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Hunter Tanski 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10467
|
__label__cc
| 0.682021
| 0.317979
|
Featured, NHI News
Greater Dallas Region of NHI hosts 5th annual L.E.A.D. Talks this Saturday
Posted: February 28, 2019 at 3:34 pm / by nhimagazine / comments (0)
ernesto nietogeorge rodriguezgreater dallas region of nhil.e.a.d talkslead talksmichelle saenz-rodrigueznational hispanic institutenhinhi of greater dallas
The 5th annual edition of the Sam A. Moreno L.E.A.D. Talks, an annual tradition that is part showcase (for Greater Dallas Region of National Hispanic Institute students) and part telethon-styled fundraiser (tied to this year’s Change a Life Campaign), will take place this Saturday, March 2, on the SMU campus. It will be livestreamed from the NHI of Greater Dallas YouTube Channel, from 9 am to 9 pm.
According to Greater Dallas Co-Project Administrator Mariah Morales, L.E.A.D. Talks “is a 12 hour long ‘telethon’ where individuals have the chance to view and listen to our talented group of high school students lead and discuss panels, via livestream, about important topics that affect today’s youth, our country and our Latino community.”
Morales adds, “Our panels are focused on ideas, assets, and innovation within our community, in which our panelists are asked hard-hitting questions while developing their critical thinking skills and building upon their community investor mindsets.”
The event, named in honor of NHI Hall of Fame recipient Sam A. Moreno, is an important preparatory step for freshmen preparing to represent Dallas at the Texas Great Debate, but involves students at all levels of the leadership program. It will also include a panel involving NHI President and Founder Ernesto Nieto, NHI Board of Directors President Michelle Saenz-Rodriguez, and NHI Board Member and Greater Dallas Co-Project Administrator George Rodriguez.
L.E.A.D. is an acronym for Leadership, Education, Achievement and Development, embodying the essence of what the event is intended to be for its participants.
“It is one of the new recruits’ first exposures to NHI ideals at work,” said Fabián Valerio, a junior at the School for the Talented and Gifted at the Yvonne A. Ewell Townview Magnet Center in Dallas, Head Coach for the Dallas Alliance, who participated in the Texas Great Debate in 2017, California LDZ in 2018, and Celebracion 2018. “Within NHI, we expect that all of our actions reflect what sets us apart from every other organization. One of those ideals is the concept of self-sufficiency. This fundraiser is self-sufficient in that what we get out, is thanks to what we put in.”
While fundraising is an important element of the event, it’s also a foundational intellectual exercise for Dallas-area NHI students.
“It’s more than just a fundraiser,” said Sarah Sandoval, a junior at School for the Talented and Gifted at the Yvonne A. Ewell Townview Magnet Center and an alumna of the 2017 Texas Great Debate and 2018 California LDZ. “It’s an annual event in which students are able to openly express their thoughts, ideas, and beliefs on topics that are relevant in our community today. L.E.A.D. is one of the many opportunities that allows students to engage themselves in deeper thinking and vocalize their own views.
According to Anthony Saucedo, a junior at Bishop Dunne Catholic High School and a veteran of the 2017 Texas Great Debate, 2018 California LDZ, and the two most recent Celebracions, the L.E.A.D. Talks “provide our recruits with a platform to demonstrate their debate skills as well as a platform to share their opinions on important topics and ideas that leave lasting impacts on our society as a whole. It sets the standard of complex thoughts and solutions that will be expected throughout their NHI experience.”
“Each year, the L.E.A.D. Talks differ because with new recruits comes a wave of new perspectives and opinions, brought forth by a variety of principles and experiences,” Valerio noted. “The L.E.A.D. Talks discussions allow for an environment in which intellectual friction thrives because of the meeting of these distinct perspectives.”
Though this year’s L.E.A.D. Talks is keeping to its established format, Valerio adds, “Something we are doing different this year is including many different faces in our panels who come from various places. We are anticipating a greater number of panels which include more than our recruits and staff. We are hoping to bring in parents, Latino leaders from Dallas, a school principal who has supported NHI for years, and even a current Texas state representative! I hope that by bringing in these new faces we can further enrich this diverse environment and really get the wheels turning in our recruits.”
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10472
|
__label__wiki
| 0.777646
| 0.777646
|
La Amistad
This article is about the ship. For other uses, see Amistad (disambiguation).
Find sources: "La Amistad" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (June 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Coordinates: 41°21′40″N 71°57′58″W / 41.361°N 71.966°W / 41.361; -71.966
La Amistad off Culloden Point, Long Island, New York, on 26 August 1839
Name: La Amistad
Owner: Don Ramon Ferrer
Acquired: pre-June 1839
Name: Ion
Owner: Captain George Hawford, Newport, Rhode Island
Acquired: October 1840
Sail plan: schooner
La Amistad (pronounced [la a.misˈtað]; Spanish for Friendship) was a 19th-century two-masted schooner, owned by a Spaniard living in Cuba. It became renowned in July 1839 for a slave revolt by Mende captives, who had been enslaved in Sierra Leone, and were being transported from Havana, Cuba, to their purchasers' plantations.[1] The African captives took control of the ship, killing some of the crew and ordering the survivors to sail the ship to Africa. The Spanish survivors secretly maneuvered the ship north, and La Amistad was captured off the coast of Long Island by the brig USS Washington. The Mende and La Amistad were interned in Connecticut while federal court proceedings were undertaken for their disposition. The owners of the ship and Spanish government claimed the slaves as property, but the US had banned the African trade and argued that the Mende were legally free.
Because of issues of ownership and jurisdiction, the case gained international attention. Known as United States v. The Amistad (1841), the case was finally decided by the Supreme Court of the United States in favor of the Mende, restoring their freedom. It became a symbol in the United States in the movement to abolish slavery.
2 1839 slave revolt
2.1 Court case
3 Later years
4.1 Replica
5 La Amistad in popular culture
La Amistad was a 19th-century two-masted schooner of about 120 feet (37 m). By 1839 the schooner was owned by Don Ramon Ferrer, a Spanish national.[2] Strictly speaking, La Amistad was not a slave ship as it was not designed to transport large cargoes of slaves, nor did it engage in the Middle Passage of Africans to the Americas. The ship engaged in the shorter, domestic coastwise trade around Cuba and islands and coastal nations in the Caribbean. The primary cargo carried by La Amistad was sugar-industry products. It carried a limited number of passengers and, on occasion, slaves being transported for delivery or sale around the island.[citation needed]
1839 slave revolt[edit]
1840 engraving depicting the Amistad revolt
Slave Trade suppression
Blockade of Africa
West Africa Squadron (U.K.)
African Slave Trade Patrol (U.S.)
Africa Squadron (U.S.)
Brazil Squadron (U.S.)
Slave Trade Acts
Capture of the Providentia
Capture of the Presidente
Capture of the El Almirante
Capture of the Marinerito
Capture of the Veloz Passagera
Capture of the Brillante
Creole case
La Amistad Incident
Capture of the Emanuela
Bombardment of Johanna
Mary Carver Affair
Edward Barley Incident
Battle of Little Bereby
Captained by Ferrer, Amistad left Havana on June 28, 1839, for the small port of Guanaja, near Puerto Principe, Cuba, with some general cargo and 53 slaves bound for the sugar plantation where they were to be delivered.[2] These 53 Mende captives (49 adults and four children) had been taken from Mendiland (in modern-day Sierra Leone) and illegally transported from Africa to Havana, mostly aboard the slave ship Teçora, to be sold into slavery in Cuba. Although the United States and Britain had banned the Atlantic slave trade, Spain had not abolished slavery in its colonies.[3][4] The crew of La Amistad, lacking purpose-built slave quarters, placed half the captives in the main hold, and the other half on deck. The captives were relatively free to move about, which aided their revolt and commandeering of the vessel. In the main hold below decks, the captives found a rusty file and sawed through their manacles.[5]
On about July 1, once free, the men below quickly went up on deck and, armed with machete-like cane knives, attacked the crew, successfully gaining control of the ship under the leadership of Sengbe Pieh (later known in the United States as Joseph Cinqué). They killed the captain and some of the crew, but spared Don José Ruiz and Don Pedro Montez, the two owners of the slaves, so that they could guide the ship back to Africa.[2][4][5] While the Mende demanded to be returned home, the navigator Montez deceived them about the course, maneuvering the ship north along the North American coast until they reached the eastern tip of Long Island, New York.
Discovered by the naval brig USS Washington while on surveying duties, La Amistad was taken into United States custody.[2][6] The Mende were interned at New Haven, Connecticut, while the courts settled their legal status and conflicting international claims regarding La Amistad's ownership, as well as the status of its property, including the slaves.[4]
Court case[edit]
Main article: United States v. The Amistad
A print of Cinqué that appeared in The Sun on August 31, 1839
Text of the Amistad Supreme Court decision
A widely publicized court case ensued in New Haven to settle legal issues about the ship and the status of the Mende captives. They were at risk of execution if convicted of mutiny. This became a popular cause among abolitionists in the United States. Since 1808, the United States and Britain had prohibited the international slave trade.[7] In order to avoid the international prohibition on the African slave trade, the ship's owners fraudulently described the Mende as having been born in Cuba and said they were being sold in the Spanish domestic slave trade. The court had to determine if the Mende were to be considered salvage and thus the property of naval officers who had taken custody of the ship (as was legal in such cases), the property of the Cuban buyers, or the property of Spain, as Queen Isabella II claimed, via Spanish ownership of the Amistad. A question was whether the circumstances of the capture and transport of the Mende meant they were legally free and had acted as free men rather than slaves.[4]
On appeal, the United States v. The Amistad case reached the US Supreme Court. In 1841, it ruled that the Mende had been illegally transported and held as slaves, and had rebelled in self-defense. It ordered them freed.[4] Although the US government did not provide any aid, thirty-five survivors returned to Africa in 1842,[4] aided by funds raised by the United Missionary Society, a black group founded by James W.C. Pennington. He was a Congregational minister and fugitive slave in Brooklyn, New York, who was active in the abolitionist movement.[8]
Later years[edit]
After being moored at the wharf behind the US Custom House in New London, Connecticut, for a year and a half, La Amistad was auctioned off by the U.S. Marshal in October 1840. Captain George Hawford, of Newport, Rhode Island, purchased the vessel and then needed an Act of Congress passed to register it.[citation needed] He renamed it Ion. In late 1841, he sailed Ion to Bermuda and Saint Thomas with a typical New England cargo of onions, apples, live poultry, and cheese.
After sailing Ion for a few years, Hawford sold it in Guadeloupe in 1844. There is no record of what became of Ion under the new French owners in the Caribbean.
Freedom Schooner Amistad
Freedom Schooner Amistad at Mystic Seaport in 2010.
2000–2015: Amistad America, Inc., New Haven, Connecticut
from 2015: Discovering Amistad, Inc., New Haven, Connecticut
Builder: Mystic Seaport
Laid down: 1998
Launched: March 25, 2000
Tons burthen: 136 L. tons
Length: 80.7 ft (24.6 m)
Beam: 22.9 ft (7.0 m)
Draft: 10.1 ft (3.1 m)
Propulsion: Sail, 2 Caterpillar diesel engines
Sail plan: Topsail schooner
A monument dedicated to the revolt on La Amistad stands in front of City Hall in New Haven, Connecticut, where many of the events related to the affair in the United States occurred.
The Amistad Research Center at Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, is devoted to research about slavery, abolition, civil rights and African Americans; it commemorates the revolt of slaves on the ship by the same name.[citation needed] A collection of portraits of La Amistad survivors that were drawn by William H. Townsend during the survivors' trial are held in the collection of Yale University.[4]
Replica[edit]
Between 1998 and 2000, artisans at Mystic Seaport, Mystic, Connecticut, built a replica of La Amistad, using traditional skills and construction techniques common to wooden schooners built in the 19th century, but using modern materials and engines. Officially named Amistad, it was promoted as "Freedom Schooner Amistad".[9][10] The modern-day ship is not an exact replica of La Amistad, as it is slightly longer and has higher freeboard. There were no old blueprints of the original.
The new schooner was built using a general knowledge of the Baltimore Clippers and art drawings from the era. Some of the tools used in the project were the same as those that might have been used by a 19th-century shipwright, while others were powered. Tri-Coastal Marine,[11] designers of "Freedom Schooner Amistad", used modern computer technology to develop plans for the vessel. Bronze bolts are used as fastenings throughout the ship. Freedom Schooner Amistad has an external ballast keel made of lead and two Caterpillar diesel engines. None of this technology was available to 19th-century builders.
"Freedom Schooner Amistad" was operated by Amistad America, Inc., based in New Haven, Connecticut. The ship's mission was to educate the public on the history of slavery, abolition, discrimination, and civil rights. The homeport is New Haven, where the Amistad trial took place. It has also traveled to port cities for educational opportunities. It was also the State Flagship and Tall ship Ambassador of Connecticut.[12] The ship made several commemorative voyages: one in 2007 to commemorate the 200th anniversary of the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade in Britain (1807) and the United States (1808),[13] and one in 2010 to celebrate the 10th anniversary of its 2000 launching at Mystic Seaport. It undertook a two-year refit at Mystic Seaport from 2010 and was subsequently mainly used for sea training in Maine and film work.[14]
In 2013 Amistad America lost its non-profit organization status after failing to file tax returns for three years and amid concern of the accountability for public funding from the state of Connecticut.[15][16][17] The company was later put into liquidation, and in November 2015 a new non-profit, Discovering Amistad Inc.,[18] purchased the ship from the receiver. Amistad has now been restored to educational and promotional activity in New Haven, Connecticut.[19]
La Amistad in popular culture[edit]
On 2 September 1839, a play entitled The Long, Low Black Schooner, based on the revolt, opened in New York City and played to full houses. (La Amistad was painted black at the time of the revolt.)
The slave revolt aboard the La Amistad, the background of the slave trade, and its subsequent trial are retold in a celebrated[20] poem by Robert Hayden entitled Middle Passage, first published in 1962.
In Robert Skimin's novel Gray Victory (1988), depicting an alternate history in which the South won the American Civil War, a group of abolitionist conspirators infiltrating Richmond, Virginia calls itself "Amistad".
The film Amistad (1997), directed by Steven Spielberg, dramatized the historical incidents. Major actors were Morgan Freeman, as a freed slave-turned-abolitionist in New Haven; Anthony Hopkins, as John Quincy Adams; Matthew McConaughey, as Roger Sherman Baldwin, an unorthodox, but influential lawyer; and Djimon Hounsou, as Cinque (Sengbe Peah).
The 1999 hit single "My Love Is Your Love", performed by Whitney Houston, references the "chains of Amistad".
In January 2011, Random House published Ardency, a collection of poems written over 20 years by American poet Kevin Young which "gathers here a chorus of voices that tells the story of the Africans who mutinied on board the slave ship Amistad".
African Slave Trade Patrol
Bibliography of early American naval history
John Quincy Adams and abolitionism
List of historical schooners
List of ships captured in the 19th century
^ "Teaching With Documents:The Amistad Case". National Archives and Records Administration. Retrieved March 14, 2013.
^ a b c d Adams, John Quincy (1841). Argument. New York: S. W. Benedict. pp. 13–14. Retrieved January 15, 2017.
^ Lawrance, Benjamin Nicholas (2015). Amistad's Orphans : An Atlantic Story of Children, Slavery, and Smuggling. [S.l.]: Yale University Press. pp. 130–131. ISBN 9780300198454. Retrieved January 15, 2017.
^ a b c d e f g "Unidentified Young Man". World Digital Library. 1839–1840. Retrieved July 28, 2013.
^ a b Finkenbine, Roy E. (2001). "13 The Symbolism of Slave Mutiny: Black Abolitionist Responses to the Amistad and Creole Incidents". In Hathaway, Jane (ed.). Rebellion, Repression, Reinvention: Mutiny in Comparative Perspective. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 238. ISBN 978-0-275-97010-9. Retrieved August 18, 2012.
^ Between 1838 and 1848, the USRC Washington was transferred from the United States Revenue Cutter Service to the US Navy. See: Howard I. Chapelle, The History of the American Sailing Navy. New York: Norton / Bonanza Books (1949), ISBN 0-517-00487-9
^ "22 Statutes at Large". A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774-1875. U.S. Congressional House Proceedings. 9th Congress. 2nd Session. Library of Congress. p. 426. American Memory. Retrieved July 11, 2012.
^ Webber, Christopher L. (2011). American to the Backbone: The Life of James W.C. Pennington, the Fugitive Slave Who Became One of the First Black Abolitionists. New York: Pegasus Books. ISBN 1605981753, pp. 162–169.
^ "Amistad". Coast Guard Vessel Documentation. Silver Spring MD, USA: NOAA Fisheries. Retrieved January 14, 2017.
^ Marder, Alfred L. "About the Freedom Schooner Amistad". New Haven CT, USA: Amistad Committee, Inc. Retrieved January 14, 2017.
^ "The New Topsail Schooner Amistad". Archived from the original on February 9, 2012. Retrieved August 18, 2012.
^ "State of Connecticut Sites, Seals, & Symbols". Connecticut State Register & Manual. Retrieved August 18, 2012.
^ "Amistad Sails Into Bristol for Slave Trade Commemorations". Culture24. August 30, 2007. Retrieved December 7, 2009.
^ Lender, Jon (August 3, 2013). "Troubles Aboard the Amistad". Hartford Courant. Retrieved October 30, 2013.
^ "State Missed Signs As Tall Ship Amistad Foundered". The Hartford Courant. September 3, 2013. Retrieved October 30, 2013.
^ Lender, Jon (September 4, 2013). "Malloy Wants 'Action Plan' For Troubled Amistad". Hartford Courant. Retrieved October 30, 2013.
^ Collins, David (May 10, 2013). "Amistad still sails some troubled waters". The Day. New London, CT. Retrieved October 30, 2013.
^ "Discovering Amistad". Discovering Amistad.
^ Wojtas, Joe (December 31, 2015). "Discovering Amistad charts new course for schooner". The Day. New London CT, USA. Retrieved January 14, 2017.
^ Bloom, Harold (2005). Poets and Poems. New York: Chelsea House Publishers. pp. 348–351. ISBN 0-7910-8225-3. All this is merely preamble to a rather rapid survey of a few of Hayden's superb sequences, of which Middle Passage is the most famous.
Owens, William A. (1997). Black Mutiny: The Revolt on the Schooner Amistad. Black Classic Press.
Pesci, David (1997). Amistad. Da Capo Press.
Rediker, Marcus (2012). The Amistad Rebellion: An Atlantic Odyssey of Slavery and Freedom. New York: Viking.
Zeuske, Michael (2014). "Rethinking the Case of the Schooner Amistad: Contraband and Complicity after 1808/1820". Slavery & Abolition. 35 (1): 156–164.
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
The Captives of the Amistad
Wikimedia Commons has media related to La Amistad.
Amistad: Seeking Freedom in Connecticut, a National Park Service Discover Our Shared Heritage Travel Itinerary
Sarah Margru Kinson, the Two Worlds of an Amistad Captive
Freedom Schooner Amistad sailing, YouTube video
The Amistad Affair
The current owners of the replica Amistad
State ships of the United States
USS Arizona (BB-39) (Arizona)
Californian (California)
USS Nautilus (SSN-571) / Freedom Schooner Amistad (Connecticut)
Schooner Ernestina (Massachusetts)
Schooner Bowdoin (Maine)
A. J. Meerwald (New Jersey)
U.S. Brig Niagara (Pennsylvania)
USS Texas (BB-35) / Elissa (Texas)
USS Utah (BB-31) (Utah)
Lady Washington (Washington)
Category:United States Coast Guard
Secretary of Homeland Security
Commandant of the Coast Guard
Vice Commandant of the United States Coast Guard
Master Chief Petty Officer of the Coast Guard
Investigative Service
Deployable Operations Group
Air Stations
Shipbuilding Yard
National Ice Center
Research & Development Center
Coast Guard Auxiliary
Personnel and training
Officer ranks
Enlisted rates
Training Center Cape May
Training Center Petaluma
Training Center Yorktown
Maritime Law Enforcement Academy
Joint Maritime Training Center
Ancient Order of the Pterodactyl
Chaplain of the Coast Guard
Uniforms and equipment
List of cutters
Coast Guard Act
Coast Guard City
Life-Saving Service
Revenue Cutter Service
Lighthouse Service
Steamboat Inspection Service
Bureau of Navigation
"Semper Paratus"
Racing Stripe
United States Coast Guard Band
United States Coast Guard Ceremonial Honor Guard
United States Coast Guard Pipe Band
Coast Guard service numbers
Coast Guardsman's Creed
United States Coast Guard Cutters
Battles and operations
Quasi-War
West Indies Anti-Piracy Operations
Capture of the Bravo
Ingham Incident
Amistad Incident
Great Lakes Patrol
Mexican–American War
Battle of Fort Sumter
Battle of Pig Point
Battle of Galveston Harbor
Battle of Portland Harbor
Overland Relief Expedition
Spanish–American War
Battle of Manila Bay
Battle of Cárdenas
1st Battle of the Atlantic
Great Mississippi Flood
Rum Patrol
2nd Battle of the Atlantic
Battle of Guam
Operation Overlord
Coast Guard Squadron One
Operation Market Time
Operation Sealords
Action of 1 March 1968
Persian Gulf War
Operation Enduring Freedom HOA
16 Jan: HMS Diana
19 Jan: Juliana
20 Mar: Artémise
22 Apr: Rebecca
April (unknown date): Pirate, USS Sea Gull
1 May: Parmelia
10 May: Néréide
24 Jul: Aquiles, Monteagudo
26 Jul: Admiral Cockburn
12 Sep: Coromandel
22 Sep: Caledonia
September (unknown date): Elizabeth
October (unknown date): Belle Poule
25 Nov: HMS Pelorus
1 Jul: La Amistad
12 Sep: Weymouth
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=La_Amistad&oldid=905127339"
1839 in the United States
Slave rebellions in the United States
Replica ships
Two-masted ships
Museum ships in Connecticut
Slave ships
Museums in New Haven, Connecticut
Captured ships
Maritime incidents in July 1839
Maritime incidents involving slave ships
Fugitive American slaves
American rebel slaves
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10473
|
__label__wiki
| 0.514149
| 0.514149
|
This article is about resonance in physics. For other uses, see Resonance (disambiguation).
"Resonant" redirects here. For the phonological term, see Sonorant.
Increase of amplitude as damping decreases and frequency approaches resonant frequency of a driven damped simple harmonic oscillator.[1][2]
In mechanical systems, resonance is a phenomenon that only occurs when the frequency at which a force is periodically applied is equal or nearly equal to one of the natural frequencies of the system on which it acts. This causes the system to oscillate with larger amplitude than when the force is applied at other frequencies.[3]
Frequencies at which the response amplitude is a relative maximum are also known as resonant frequencies or resonance frequencies of the system.[3] Near resonant frequencies, small periodic forces have the ability to produce large amplitude oscillations, due to the storage of vibrational energy.
In other systems, such as electrical or optical, phenomena occur which are described as resonance but depend on the interaction between different aspects of the system, not on an external driver.
For example, electrical resonance occurs in a circuit with capacitors and inductors because the collapsing magnetic field of the inductor generates an electric current in its windings that charges the capacitor, and then the discharging capacitor provides an electric current that builds the magnetic field in the inductor. Once the circuit is charged, the oscillation is self-sustaining, and there is no external periodic driving action. This is analogous to a mechanical pendulum, where mechanical energy is converted back and forth between kinetic and potential, and both systems are forms of simple harmonic oscillators.
In optical cavities, light confined in the cavity reflects back and forth multiple times. This produces standing waves, and only certain patterns and frequencies of radiation are sustained, due to the effects of interference, while the others are suppressed by destructive interference. Once the light enters the cavity, the oscillation is self-sustaining, and there is no external periodic driving action.
Some behavior is mistaken for resonance but instead is a form of self-oscillation, such as aeroelastic flutter, speed wobble, or Hunting oscillation. In these cases, the external energy source does not oscillate, but the components of the system interact with each other in a periodic fashion.[4]
2.1 Tacoma Narrows Bridge
2.2 International Space Station
3 Types of resonance
3.1 Mechanical and acoustic resonance
3.2 Electrical resonance
3.3 Optical resonance
3.4 Orbital resonance
3.5 Atomic, particle, and molecular resonance
4 Theory
5 Resonators
6 Q factor
Resonance occurs when a system is able to store and easily transfer energy between two or more different storage modes (such as kinetic energy and potential energy in the case of a simple pendulum). However, there are some losses from cycle to cycle, called damping. When damping is small, the resonant frequency is approximately equal to the natural frequency of the system, which is a frequency of unforced vibrations. Some systems have multiple, distinct, resonant frequencies.
Resonance phenomena occur with all types of vibrations or waves: there is mechanical resonance, acoustic resonance, electromagnetic resonance, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), electron spin resonance (ESR) and resonance of quantum wave functions. Resonant systems can be used to generate vibrations of a specific frequency (e.g., musical instruments), or pick out specific frequencies from a complex vibration containing many frequencies (e.g., filters).
The term resonance (from Latin resonantia, 'echo', from resonare, 'resound') originates from the field of acoustics, particularly observed in musical instruments, e.g., when strings started to vibrate and to produce sound without direct excitation by the player.
Examples[edit]
Pushing a person in a swing is a common example of resonance. The loaded swing, a pendulum, has a natural frequency of oscillation, its resonant frequency, and resists being pushed at a faster or slower rate.
A familiar example is a playground swing, which acts as a pendulum. Pushing a person in a swing in time with the natural interval of the swing (its resonant frequency) makes the swing go higher and higher (maximum amplitude), while attempts to push the swing at a faster or slower tempo produce smaller arcs. This is because the energy the swing absorbs is maximized when the pushes match the swing's natural oscillations.
Resonance occurs widely in nature, and is exploited in many manmade devices. It is the mechanism by which virtually all sinusoidal waves and vibrations are generated. Many sounds we hear, such as when hard objects of metal, glass, or wood are struck, are caused by brief resonant vibrations in the object. Light and other short wavelength electromagnetic radiation is produced by resonance on an atomic scale, such as electrons in atoms. Other examples of resonance:
Timekeeping mechanisms of modern clocks and watches, e.g., the balance wheel in a mechanical watch and the quartz crystal in a quartz watch
Tidal resonance of the Bay of Fundy
Acoustic resonances of musical instruments and the human vocal tract
Shattering of a crystal wineglass when exposed to a musical tone of the right pitch (its resonant frequency)
Friction idiophones, such as making a glass object (glass, bottle, vase) vibrate by rubbing around its rim with a fingertip
Electrical resonance of tuned circuits in radios and TVs that allow radio frequencies to be selectively received
Creation of coherent light by optical resonance in a laser cavity
Orbital resonance as exemplified by some moons of the solar system's gas giants
Material resonances in atomic scale are the basis of several spectroscopic techniques that are used in condensed matter physics
Mössbauer effect
Nuclear magnetic resonance
Tacoma Narrows Bridge[edit]
Main article: Tacoma Narrows Bridge (1940)
The dramatically visible, rhythmic twisting that resulted in the 1940 collapse of "Galloping Gertie", the original Tacoma Narrows Bridge, is mistakenly characterized as an example of resonance phenomenon in certain textbooks.[3] The catastrophic vibrations that destroyed the bridge were not due to simple mechanical resonance, but to a more complicated interaction between the bridge and the winds passing through it—a phenomenon known as aeroelastic flutter, which is a kind of "self-sustaining vibration" as referred to in the nonlinear theory of vibrations. Robert H. Scanlan, father of bridge aerodynamics, has written an article about this misunderstanding.[4]
International Space Station[edit]
The rocket engines for the International Space Station (ISS) are controlled by an autopilot. Ordinarily, uploaded parameters for controlling the engine control system for the Zvezda module make the rocket engines boost the International Space Station to a higher orbit. The rocket engines are hinge-mounted, and ordinarily the crew doesn't notice the operation. On January 14, 2009, however, the uploaded parameters made the autopilot swing the rocket engines in larger and larger oscillations, at a frequency of 0.5 Hz. These oscillations were captured on video, and lasted for 142 seconds.[5]
Types of resonance[edit]
Mechanical and acoustic resonance[edit]
Main articles: Mechanical resonance, Acoustic resonance, and String resonance
School resonating mass experiment
Mechanical resonance is the tendency of a mechanical system to absorb more energy when the frequency of its oscillations matches the system's natural frequency of vibration than it does at other frequencies. It may cause violent swaying motions and even catastrophic failure in improperly constructed structures including bridges, buildings, trains, and aircraft. When designing objects, engineers must ensure the mechanical resonance frequencies of the component parts do not match driving vibrational frequencies of motors or other oscillating parts, a phenomenon known as resonance disaster.
Avoiding resonance disasters is a major concern in every building, tower, and bridge construction project. As a countermeasure, shock mounts can be installed to absorb resonant frequencies and thus dissipate the absorbed energy. The Taipei 101 building relies on a 660-tonne pendulum (730-short-ton)—a tuned mass damper—to cancel resonance. Furthermore, the structure is designed to resonate at a frequency that does not typically occur. Buildings in seismic zones are often constructed to take into account the oscillating frequencies of expected ground motion. In addition, engineers designing objects having engines must ensure that the mechanical resonant frequencies of the component parts do not match driving vibrational frequencies of the motors or other strongly oscillating parts.
Clocks keep time by mechanical resonance in a balance wheel, pendulum, or quartz crystal.
The cadence of runners has been hypothesized to be energetically favorable due to resonance between the elastic energy stored in the lower limb and the mass of the runner.[6]
Acoustic resonance is a branch of mechanical resonance that is concerned with the mechanical vibrations across the frequency range of human hearing, in other words sound. For humans, hearing is normally limited to frequencies between about 20 Hz and 20,000 Hz (20 kHz),[7] Many objects and materials act as resonators with resonant frequencies within this range, and when struck vibrate mechanically, pushing on the surrounding air to create sound waves. This is the source of many percussive sounds we hear.
Acoustic resonance is an important consideration for instrument builders, as most acoustic instruments use resonators, such as the strings and body of a violin, the length of tube in a flute, and the shape of, and tension on, a drum membrane.
Like mechanical resonance, acoustic resonance can result in catastrophic failure of the object at resonance. The classic example of this is breaking a wine glass with sound at the precise resonant frequency of the glass, although this is difficult in practice.[8]
Electrical resonance[edit]
Main article: Electrical resonance
Animation illustrating electrical resonance in a tuned circuit, consisting of a capacitor (C) and an inductor (L) connected together. Charge flows back and forth between the capacitor plates through the inductor. Energy oscillates back and forth between the capacitor's electric field (E) and the inductor's magnetic field (B).
Electrical resonance occurs in an electric circuit at a particular resonant frequency when the impedance of the circuit is at a minimum in a series circuit or at maximum in a parallel circuit (usually when the transfer function peaks in absolute value). Resonance in circuits are used for both transmitting and receiving wireless communications such as television, cell phones and radio.[9]
Optical resonance[edit]
Main article: Optical cavity
An optical cavity, also called an optical resonator, is an arrangement of mirrors that forms a standing wave cavity resonator for light waves. Optical cavities are a major component of lasers, surrounding the gain medium and providing feedback of the laser light. They are also used in optical parametric oscillators and some interferometers. Light confined in the cavity reflects multiple times producing standing waves for certain resonant frequencies. The standing wave patterns produced are called "modes". Longitudinal modes differ only in frequency while transverse modes differ for different frequencies and have different intensity patterns across the cross-section of the beam. Ring resonators and whispering galleries are examples of optical resonators that do not form standing waves.
Different resonator types are distinguished by the focal lengths of the two mirrors and the distance between them; flat mirrors are not often used because of the difficulty of aligning them precisely. The geometry (resonator type) must be chosen so the beam remains stable, i.e., the beam size does not continue to grow with each reflection. Resonator types are also designed to meet other criteria such as minimum beam waist or having no focal point (and therefore intense light at that point) inside the cavity.
Optical cavities are designed to have a very large Q factor.[10] A beam reflects a large number of times with little attenuation—therefore the frequency line width of the beam is small compared to the frequency of the laser.
Additional optical resonances are guided-mode resonances and surface plasmon resonance, which result in anomalous reflection and high evanescent fields at resonance. In this case, the resonant modes are guided modes of a waveguide or surface plasmon modes of a dielectric-metallic interface. These modes are usually excited by a subwavelength grating.
Orbital resonance[edit]
Main article: Orbital resonance
In celestial mechanics, an orbital resonance occurs when two orbiting bodies exert a regular, periodic gravitational influence on each other, usually due to their orbital periods being related by a ratio of two small integers. Orbital resonances greatly enhance the mutual gravitational influence of the bodies. In most cases, this results in an unstable interaction, in which the bodies exchange momentum and shift orbits until the resonance no longer exists. Under some circumstances, a resonant system can be stable and self-correcting, so that the bodies remain in resonance. Examples are the 1:2:4 resonance of Jupiter's moons Ganymede, Europa, and Io, and the 2:3 resonance between Pluto and Neptune. Unstable resonances with Saturn's inner moons give rise to gaps in the rings of Saturn. The special case of 1:1 resonance (between bodies with similar orbital radii) causes large Solar System bodies to clear the neighborhood around their orbits by ejecting nearly everything else around them; this effect is used in the current definition of a planet.
Atomic, particle, and molecular resonance[edit]
Main articles: Nuclear magnetic resonance and Resonance (particle physics)
NMR Magnet at HWB-NMR, Birmingham, UK. In its strong 21.2-tesla field, the proton resonance is at 900 MHz.
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is the name given to a physical resonance phenomenon involving the observation of specific quantum mechanical magnetic properties of an atomic nucleus in the presence of an applied, external magnetic field. Many scientific techniques exploit NMR phenomena to study molecular physics, crystals, and non-crystalline materials through NMR spectroscopy. NMR is also routinely used in advanced medical imaging techniques, such as in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
All nuclei containing odd numbers of nucleons have an intrinsic magnetic moment and angular momentum. A key feature of NMR is that the resonant frequency of a particular substance is directly proportional to the strength of the applied magnetic field. It is this feature that is exploited in imaging techniques; if a sample is placed in a non-uniform magnetic field then the resonant frequencies of the sample's nuclei depend on where in the field they are located. Therefore, the particle can be located quite precisely by its resonant frequency.
Electron paramagnetic resonance, otherwise known as electron spin resonance (ESR), is a spectroscopic technique similar to NMR, but uses unpaired electrons instead. Materials for which this can be applied are much more limited since the material needs to both have an unpaired spin and be paramagnetic.
The Mössbauer effect is the resonant and recoil-free emission and absorption of gamma ray photons by atoms bound in a solid form.
Resonance in particle physics appears in similar circumstances to classical physics at the level of quantum mechanics and quantum field theory. However, they can also be thought of as unstable particles, with the formula above valid if Γ is the decay rate and Ω replaced by the particle's mass M. In that case, the formula comes from the particle's propagator, with its mass replaced by the complex number M + iΓ. The formula is further related to the particle's decay rate by the optical theorem.
Theory[edit]
"Universal Resonance Curve", a symmetric approximation to the normalized response of a resonant circuit; abscissa values are deviation from center frequency, in units of center frequency divided by 2Q; ordinate is relative amplitude, and phase in cycles; dashed curves compare the range of responses of real two-pole circuits for a Q value of 5; for higher Q values, there is less deviation from the universal curve. Crosses mark the edges of the 3 dB bandwidth (gain 0.707, phase shift 45° or 0.125 cycle).
The exact response of a resonance, especially for frequencies far from the resonant frequency, depends on the details of the physical system, and is usually not exactly symmetric about the resonant frequency, as illustrated for the simple harmonic oscillator above. For a lightly damped linear oscillator with a resonance frequency Ω, the intensity of oscillations I when the system is driven with a driving frequency ω is typically approximated by a formula that is symmetric about the resonance frequency:[11]
I ( ω ) ≡ | χ | 2 ∝ 1 ( ω − Ω ) 2 + ( Γ 2 ) 2 . {\displaystyle I(\omega )\equiv |\chi |^{2}\propto {\frac {1}{(\omega -\Omega )^{2}+\left({\frac {\Gamma }{2}}\right)^{2}}}.}
Where the susceptibility χ ( ω ) {\displaystyle \chi (\omega )} links the amplitude of the oscillator to the driving force in frequency space:[12]
x ( ω ) = χ ( ω ) F ( ω ) {\displaystyle x(\omega )=\chi (\omega )F(\omega )}
The intensity is defined as the square of the amplitude of the oscillations. This is a Lorentzian function, or Cauchy distribution, and this response is found in many physical situations involving resonant systems. Γ is a parameter dependent on the damping of the oscillator, and is known as the linewidth of the resonance. Heavily damped oscillators tend to have broad linewidths, and respond to a wider range of driving frequencies around the resonant frequency. The linewidth is inversely proportional to the Q factor, which is a measure of the sharpness of the resonance.
In radio engineering and electronics engineering, this approximate symmetric response is known as the universal resonance curve, a concept introduced by Frederick E. Terman in 1932 to simplify the approximate analysis of radio circuits with a range of center frequencies and Q values.[13][14]
Resonators[edit]
A physical system can have as many resonant frequencies as it has degrees of freedom; each degree of freedom can vibrate as a harmonic oscillator. Systems with one degree of freedom, such as a mass on a spring, pendulums, balance wheels, and LC tuned circuits have one resonant frequency. Systems with two degrees of freedom, such as coupled pendulums and resonant transformers can have two resonant frequencies. As the number of coupled harmonic oscillators grows, the time it takes to transfer energy from one to the next becomes significant. The vibrations in them begin to travel through the coupled harmonic oscillators in waves, from one oscillator to the next.
Extended objects that can experience resonance due to vibrations inside them are called resonators, such as organ pipes, vibrating strings, quartz crystals, microwave and laser cavities. Since these can be viewed as being made of many coupled moving parts (such as atoms), they can have correspondingly many resonant frequencies. The vibrations inside them travel as waves, at an approximately constant velocity, bouncing back and forth between the sides of the resonator. If the distance between the sides is d, the length of a roundtrip is 2d. To cause resonance, the phase of a sinusoidal wave after a roundtrip must be equal to the initial phase, so the waves reinforce the oscillation. So the condition for resonance in a resonator is that the roundtrip distance, 2d, be equal to an integer number of wavelengths λ of the wave:
2 d = N λ , N ∈ { 1 , 2 , 3 , … } {\displaystyle 2d=N\lambda ,\qquad \qquad N\in \{1,2,3,\dots \}}
If the velocity of a wave is v, the frequency is f = v/λ so the resonant frequencies are:
f = N v 2 d N ∈ { 1 , 2 , 3 , … } {\displaystyle f={\frac {Nv}{2d}}\qquad \qquad N\in \{1,2,3,\dots \}}
So the resonant frequencies of resonators, called normal modes, are equally spaced multiples of a lowest frequency called the fundamental frequency. The multiples are often called overtones. There may be several such series of resonant frequencies, corresponding to different modes of oscillation.
Q factor[edit]
Main article: Q factor
The Q factor or quality factor is a dimensionless parameter that describes how under-damped an oscillator or resonator is,[15] or equivalently, characterizes a resonator's bandwidth relative to its center frequency.[16] Higher Q indicates a lower rate of energy loss relative to the stored energy of the oscillator, i.e., the oscillations die out more slowly. A pendulum suspended from a high-quality bearing, oscillating in air, has a high Q, while a pendulum immersed in oil has a low Q. To sustain a system in resonance in constant amplitude by providing power externally, the energy provided in each cycle must be less than the energy stored in the system (i.e., the sum of the potential and kinetic) by a factor of Q/2π. Oscillators with high-quality factors have low damping, which tends to make them ring longer.
Sinusoidally driven resonators having higher Q factors resonate with greater amplitudes (at the resonant frequency) but have a smaller range of frequencies around the frequency at which they resonate. The range of frequencies at which the oscillator resonates is called the bandwidth. Thus, a high-Q tuned circuit in a radio receiver would be more difficult to tune, but would have greater selectivity, it would do a better job of filtering out signals from other stations that lie nearby on the spectrum. High Q oscillators operate over a smaller range of frequencies and are more stable. (See oscillator phase noise.)
The quality factor of oscillators varies substantially from system to system. Systems for which damping is important (such as dampers keeping a door from slamming shut) have Q = 1/2. Clocks, lasers, and other systems that need either strong resonance or high frequency stability need high-quality factors. Tuning forks have quality factors around Q = 1000. The quality factor of atomic clocks and some high-Q lasers can reach as high as 1011[17] and higher.[18]
There are many alternate quantities used by physicists and engineers to describe how damped an oscillator is that are closely related to its quality factor. Important examples include: the damping ratio, relative bandwidth, linewidth, and bandwidth measured in octaves.
Book: Resonance
Electronics portal
Physics portal
Acoustic resonance
Antiresonance
Driven harmonic motion
Electrical resonance
Electric dipole spin resonance
Harmonic oscillator
Limbic resonance
Nonlinear resonance
Parametric oscillator
Q factor
Resonance disaster
Simple harmonic motion
Stochastic resonance
Sympathetic string
Tuned circuit
^ Katsuhiko Ogata (2005). System Dynamics (4th ed.). University of Minnesota. p. 617.
^ Ajoy Ghatak (2005). Optics, 3E (3rd ed.). Tata McGraw-Hill. p. 6.10. ISBN 978-0-07-058583-6.
^ a b c Resnick and Halliday (1977). Physics (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. p. 324. ISBN 9780471717164. There is a characteristic value of the driving frequency ω" at which the amplitude of oscillation is a maximum. This condition is called resonance and the value of ω" at which resonance occurs is called the resonant frequency. CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)
^ a b K. Yusuf Billah and Robert H. Scanlan (1991). "Resonance, Tacoma Narrows Bridge Failure, and Undergraduate Physics Textbooks" (PDF). American Journal of Physics. 59 (2): 118–124. Bibcode:1991AmJPh..59..118B. doi:10.1119/1.16590. Retrieved 2011-05-29.
^ Oberg, James (4 February 2009). "Shaking on Space Station Rattles NASA". NBC News.
^ Snyder; Farley (2011). "Energetically optimal stride frequency in running: the effects of incline and decline". The Journal of Experimental Biology. 214 (12): 2089–95. doi:10.1242/jeb.053157. PMID 21613526.
^ Harry F. Olson Music, Physics and Engineering. Dover Publications, 1967, pp. 248–249. "Under very favorable conditions most individuals can obtain tonal characteristics as low as 12 Hz."
^ "Breaking Glass with Sound". Instructional Resource Lab. UCLA Physics & Astronomy.
^ "The Physics Of Resonance". Intuitor. Retrieved 10 July 2017.
^ Encyclopedia of Laser Physics and Technology - Q factor, quality factor, cavity, resonator, oscillator, frequency standards
^ A. E. Siegman (1986). Lasers. University Science Books. pp. 105–108. ISBN 978-0-935702-11-8.
^ Aspelmeyer M.; et al. (2014). "Cavity optomechanics". Review of modern physics. p. 1397.
^ Frederick Emmons Terman (1932). Radio Engineering. McGraw-Hill Book Company.
^ William McC. Siebert (1986). Circuits, Signals, and Systems. MIT Press. p. 113. ISBN 978-0-262-19229-3.
^ James H. Harlow (2004). Electric Power Transformer Engineering. CRC Press. pp. 2–216. ISBN 978-0-8493-1704-0.
^ Michael H. Tooley (2006). Electronic Circuits: Fundamentals and Applications. Newnes. pp. 77–78. ISBN 978-0-7506-6923-8.
^ Encyclopedia of Laser Physics and Technology: Q factor
^ Time and Frequency from A to Z: Q to Ra Archived 2008-05-04 at the Wayback Machine
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Resonance.
Definition of Resonance - "The increase in amplitude of oscillation of an electric or mechanical system exposed to a periodic force whose frequency is equal or very close to the natural undamped frequency of the system."
Resonance - a chapter from an online textbook
Greene, Brian, "Resonance in strings". The Elegant Universe, NOVA (PBS)
Hyperphysics section on resonance concepts
Resonance versus resonant (usage of terms)
Wood and Air Resonance in a Harpsichord
Java applet demonstrating resonances on a string when the frequency of the driving force is varied
Java applet demonstrating the occurrence of resonance when the driving frequency matches with the natural frequency of an oscillator
Breaking glass with sound, including high-speed footage of glass breaking
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Resonance&oldid=905832265"
Antennas (radio)
CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter
Wikiversity
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10474
|
__label__wiki
| 0.740127
| 0.740127
|
(Redirected from Civil right)
"Civil rights" redirects here. For other uses, see Civil rights (disambiguation).
Theoretical distinctions
Claim rights and liberty rights
Individual and group rights
Natural and legal rights
Negative and positive rights
Economic, social and cultural
Three generations
Rights by beneficiary
Fetuses
Gun owners
Parents (Mothers, Fathers)
Other groups of rights
Self-determination of people
Civil and political rights are a class of rights that protect individuals' freedom from infringement by governments, social organizations, and private individuals. They ensure one's entitlement to participate in the civil and political life of the society and state without discrimination or repression.
Civil rights include the ensuring of peoples' physical and mental integrity, life, and safety; protection from discrimination on grounds such as race, gender, sexual orientation, national origin, color, age, political affiliation, ethnicity, religion, and disability;[1][2][3] and individual rights such as privacy and the freedom of thought, speech, religion, press, assembly, and movement.
Political rights include natural justice (procedural fairness) in law, such as the rights of the accused, including the right to a fair trial; due process; the right to seek redress or a legal remedy; and rights of participation in civil society and politics such as freedom of association, the right to assemble, the right to petition, the right of self-defense, and the right to vote.
Civil and political rights form the original and main part of international human rights.[4] They comprise the first portion of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (with economic, social, and cultural rights comprising the second portion). The theory of three generations of human rights considers this group of rights to be "first-generation rights", and the theory of negative and positive rights considers them to be generally negative rights.
2 Protection of rights
3 Other rights
4 Social movements for civil rights
5 Problems and analysis
6 First-generation rights
The phrase "Rights for Civil" is a translation of Latin ius civis (rights of a citizen). Roman citizens could be either free (libertas) or servile (servitus), but they all had rights in law.[5] After the Edict of Milan in 313, these rights included the freedom of religion; however in 380, the Edict of Thessalonica required all subjects of the Roman Empire to profess Catholic Christianity.[6] Roman legal doctrine was lost during the Middle Ages, but claims of universal rights could still be made based on Christian doctrine. According to the leaders of Kett's Rebellion (1549), "all bond men may be made free, for God made all free with his precious blood-shedding."[7]
In the 17th century, English common law judge Sir Edward Coke revived the idea of rights based on citizenship by arguing that Englishmen had historically enjoyed such rights. The Parliament of England adopted the English Bill of Rights in 1689. It was one of the influences drawn on by George Mason and James Madison when drafting the Virginia Declaration of Rights in 1776. The Virginia declaration is the direct ancestor and model for the U.S. Bill of Rights (1789).
The removal by legislation of a civil right constitutes a "civil disability". In early 19th century Britain, the phrase "civil rights" most commonly referred to the issue of such legal discrimination against Catholics. In the House of Commons support for civil rights was divided, with many politicians agreeing with the existing civil disabilities of Catholics. The Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829 restored their civil rights.
In the 1860s, Americans adapted this usage to newly freed blacks. Congress enacted civil rights acts in 1866, 1871, 1875, 1957, 1960, 1964, 1968, and 1991.
Protection of rights[edit]
T. H. Marshall notes that civil rights were among the first to be recognized and codified, followed later by political rights and still later by social rights. In many countries, they are constitutional rights and are included in a bill of rights or similar document. They are also defined in international human rights instruments, such as the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the 1967 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.
Civil and political rights need not be codified to be protected. However, most democracies worldwide do have formal written guarantees of civil and political rights. Civil rights are considered to be natural rights. Thomas Jefferson wrote in his A Summary View of the Rights of British America that "a free people [claim] their rights as derived from the laws of nature, and not as the gift of their chief magistrate."
The question of to whom civil and political rights apply is a subject of controversy. Although in many countries citizens have greater protections against infringement of rights than non-citizens, civil and political rights are generally considered to be universal rights that apply to all persons.
According to political scientist Salvador Santino F. Regilme Jr., analyzing the causes of and lack of protection from human rights abuses in the Global South should be focusing on the interactions of domestic and international factors—an important perspective that has usually been systematically neglected in the social science literature.[8]
Other rights[edit]
Custom also plays a role. Implied or unenumerated rights are rights that courts may find to exist even though not expressly guaranteed by written law or custom; one example is the right to privacy in the United States, and the Ninth Amendment explicitly shows that there are other rights that are also protected.
The United States Declaration of Independence states that people have unalienable rights including "Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness". It is considered by some that the sole purpose of government is the protection of life, liberty and property.[9]
Ideas of self-ownership and cognitive liberty affirm rights to choose the food one eats,[10][11][12] the medicine one takes,[13][14][15] the habit one indulges.[16][17][18]
Social movements for civil rights[edit]
Main article: Civil rights movements
Savka Dabčević-Kučar, Croatian Spring participant; Europe's first female prime minister
Civil rights guarantee equal protection under the law. When civil and political rights are not guaranteed to all as part of equal protection of laws, or when such guarantees exist on paper but are not respected in practice, opposition, legal action and even social unrest may ensue.
Civil rights movements in the United States gathered steam by 1848 with such documents as the Declaration of Sentiment.[19][full citation needed] Consciously modeled after the Declaration of Independence, the Declaration of Rights and Sentiments became the founding document of the American women's movement, and it was adopted at the Seneca Falls Convention, July 19 and 20, 1848.[20][full citation needed]
Worldwide, several political movements for equality before the law occurred between approximately 1950 and 1980. These movements had a legal and constitutional aspect, and resulted in much law-making at both national and international levels. They also had an activist side, particularly in situations where violations of rights were widespread. Movements with the proclaimed aim of securing observance of civil and political rights included:
the civil rights movement in the United States, where rights of black citizens had been violated;
the Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association, formed in 1967 following failures in this province of the United Kingdom to respect the Roman Catholic minority's rights; and
movements in many Communist countries, such as the Prague Spring and Charter 77 in Czechoslovakia and the uprisings in Hungary.
Most civil rights movements relied on the technique of civil resistance, using nonviolent methods to achieve their aims.[21] In some countries, struggles for civil rights were accompanied, or followed, by civil unrest and even armed rebellion. While civil rights movements over the last sixty years have resulted in an extension of civil and political rights, the process was long and tenuous in many countries, and many of these movements did not achieve or fully achieve their objectives.
Problems and analysis[edit]
Questions about civil and political rights have frequently emerged. For example, to what extent should the government intervene to protect individuals from infringement on their rights by other individuals, or from corporations—e.g., in what way should employment discrimination in the private sector be dealt with?
Political theory deals with civil and political rights. Robert Nozick and John Rawls expressed competing visions in Nozick's Anarchy, State, and Utopia and Rawls' A Theory of Justice. Other influential authors in the area include Wesley Newcomb Hohfeld, and Jean Edward Smith.
First-generation rights[edit]
First-generation rights, often called "purple" rights, deal essentially with liberty and participation in political life. They are fundamentally civil and political in nature, as well as strongly individualistic: They serve negatively to protect the individual from excesses of the state. First-generation rights include, among other things, freedom of speech, the right to a fair trial, (in some countries) the right to keep and bear arms, freedom of religion, freedom from discrimination, and voting rights. They were pioneered in the United States by the Bill of Rights and in France by the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen in the 18th century, although some of these rights and the right to due process date back to the Magna Carta of 1215 and the Rights of Englishmen, which were expressed in the English Bill of Rights in 1689.
They were enshrined at the global level and given status in international law first by Articles 3 to 21 of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights and later in the 1966 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. In Europe, they were enshrined in the European Convention on Human Rights in 1953.
The civil rights movement was a struggle for social justice that took place mainly during the 1950s and 1960s for blacks to gain equal rights under the law in the United States. In 1868, the 14th amendment to the constitution gave blacks equal protection under the law. In the 1960s, Americans who knew only the potential of "equal protection of the laws" expected the president, the Congress, and the courts to fulfill the promise of the 14th Amendment.
Human rights portal
Social movements portal
Calculating Visions: Kennedy, Johnson, and Civil Rights (book)
Civil death
Civil libertarianism
Constitutional economics
List of civil rights leaders
Marion C. Bascom
Non-aggression principle
Police power (United States constitutional law)
Proactive policing
Rule According to Higher Law
Three generations of human rights
^ The Civil Rights act of 1964, ourdocuments.gov
^ Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, accessboard.gov
^ Summary of LGBT civil rights protections, by state, at Lambda Legal, lambdalegal.org
^ A useful survey is Paul Sieghart, The Lawful Rights of Mankind: An Introduction to the International Legal Code of Human Rights, Oxford University Press, 1985.
^ Mears, T. Lambert, Analysis of M. Ortolan's Institutes of Justinian, Including the History and, p. 75.
^ Fahlbusch, Erwin and Geoffrey William Bromiley, The encyclopedia of Christianity, Volume 4, p. 703.
^ "Human Rights: 1500-1760 - Background". Nationalarchives.gov.uk. Retrieved 2012-02-11.
^ Regilme, Salvador Santino F., Jr. (3 October 2014). "The Social Science of Human Rights: The Need for a 'Second Image Reversed'?". Third World Quarterly. 35 (8): 1390–1405. doi:10.1080/01436597.2014.946255.
^ House Bill 4 Archived 2012-10-01 at the Wayback Machine
^ Mark Nugent (July 23, 2013). "The Fight for Food Rights (Review of Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Food Rights: The Escalating Battle Over Who Decides What We Eat by David Gumpert)". The American Conservative. Retrieved September 15, 2013.
^ Robert Book (March 23, 2012). "The Real Broccoli Mandate". Forbes. Retrieved September 15, 2013.
^ Meredith Bragg & Nick Gillspie (June 21, 2013). "Cheese Lovers Fight Idiotic FDA Ban on Mimolette Cheese!". Reason. Retrieved September 15, 2013.
^ Jessica Flanigan (July 26, 2012). "Three arguments against prescription requirements". Journal of Medical Ethics. 38 (10): 579–586. doi:10.1136/medethics-2011-100240. PMID 22844026. Retrieved September 14, 2013.
^ Kerry Howley (August 1, 2005). "Self-Medicating in Burma: Pharmaceutical freedom in an outpost of tyranny". Reason. Retrieved September 14, 2013.
^ Daniel Schorn (February 11, 2009). "Prisoner Of Pain". 60 Minutes. Retrieved September 15, 2013.
^ Emily Dufton (Mar 28, 2012). "The War on Drugs: Should It Be Your Right to Use Narcotics?". The Atlantic. Retrieved September 13, 2013.
^ Doug Bandow (2012). "From Fighting the Drug War to Protecting the Right to Use Drugs - Recognizing a Forgotten Liberty" (PDF). Towards a Worldwide Index of Human Freedom. Chapter 10. Fraser Institute. pp. 253–280. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-24.
^ Thomas Szasz (1992). Our Right to Drugs: The Case for a Free Market. Praeger. ISBN 9780815603337.
^ "Signatures to the Seneca Falls Convention 'Declaration of Sentiments'". American History Online, Facts On File, Inc.
^ Cullen-DuPont, Kathryn. "Declaration of Rights and Sentiments". Encyclopedia of Women's History in America, Second Edition. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2000. American History Online. Facts On File, Inc.
^ Adam Roberts and Timothy Garton Ash (eds.), Civil Resistance and Power Politics: The Experience of Non-violent Action from Gandhi to the Present, Oxford University Press, 2009. Includes chapters by specialists on the various movements.
Library resources about
Resources in your library
Resources in other libraries
Abbott, Lewis F. Defending Liberty: The Case for a New Bill of Rights. (2019). ISR/Google Books.
Altman, Andrew. "Civil Rights". In Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
Martin Luther King, Jr. and the Global Freedom Struggle ~ an online multimedia encyclopedia presented by the King Institute at Stanford University, includes information on over 1000 civil rights movement figures, events and organizations
Encyclopædia Britannica: Article on Civil Rights Movement
The History Channel: Civil Rights Movement
Civil Rights: Beyond Black & White - slideshow by Life magazine
Civil Rights in America: Connections to a Movement
Civil rights during the Eisenhower Administration, Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library
The Categories of Human Rights in the Philippines, from Gancayco Balasbas & Associates Law Offices
Human's
and philosophies
Positive law
Universal jurisdiction
List of human rights organisations
National human rights institutions
History of human rights
List of human rights articles by country
Portal:Human rights
Substantive human rights
Please note: What is considered a human right is controversial and not all the topics listed are universally accepted as human rights
Cannabis rights
Freedom from arbitrary arrest and detention
Freedom from cruel and unusual punishment
Freedom from discrimination
Freedom from exile
Freedom from torture
Presumption of innocence
Right to family life
Right to keep and bear arms
Right to petition
Right to protest
Right to refuse medical treatment
Right of self-defense
Security of person
Economic, social
and cultural
Right to an adequate standard of living
Right to clothing
Right to development
Right to education
Right to food
Right to health
Right to housing
Right to Internet access
Right to property
Right to public participation
Right of return
Right to science and culture
Right to social security
Sexual and
Freedom from involuntary female genital mutilation
Intersex human rights
Right to sexuality
Freedom from genocide
Wartime sexual violence
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Civil_and_political_rights&oldid=906397610"
Human rights concepts
Articles with incomplete citations from March 2014
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10476
|
__label__wiki
| 0.782356
| 0.782356
|
This article is about the Australian novelist and poet. For other uses, see Marcus Clarke (disambiguation).
Marcus Clarke in 1866
Marcus Andrew Hislop Clarke FRSA (24 April 1846 – 2 August 1881) was an English-born Australian novelist, journalist, poet, editor, librarian and playwright. He is best-known for his 1874 novel For the Term of His Natural Life, widely regarded as a classic work about convictism in Australia. It has been adapted into many plays and films.
2 Commemorations
Biography[edit]
Marcus Clarke was born in 11 Leonard Place Kensington, London, the only son of London Barrister William Hislop Clarke and Amelia Elizabeth Matthews Clarke, he was the nephew of Col Clarke, a Governor of Western Australia and grandson of a retired military medical officer of Irish descent. He was born with his left arm at least two inches shorter than the right, though he later became an accomplished diver in his days at Highgate School.[1] In 1862, father William was sent to Northumberland House suffering a mental breakdown and died there a year later. Marcus Clarke was educated at Highgate School, where his classmates included Gerard Manley Hopkins. At Highgate, Clarke attracted Hopkins' attention primarily due to his eloquence, leading Hopkins to describe him as a "kaleidoscopic, parti-coloured, harlequinesque, thaumatropic Being".[2] At age 17 he emigrated to Australia, where his uncle, James Langton Clarke, was a county court judge. Writing from his journey to Australia, he sent Hopkins a letter describing a sunset he had witnessed; this letter probably figured as partial inspiration for Hopkins' poem "A Vision of the Mermaids".[3] He was at first a clerk in the Bank of Australia, but showed no business ability, and soon proceeded to learn farming at a station on the Wimmera River, Victoria.
He was already writing stories for the Australian Magazine, when in 1867 he joined the staff of The Argus in Melbourne through the introduction of Dr. Robert Lewins. He was noted for his vivid descriptions of Melbourne's street scenes and city types, including the "low life" of opium dens, brothels and gambling houses. He always claimed he was interested in the "parti-coloured, patch-worked garment of life".[4] He briefly visited Tasmania in 1870 at the request of The Argus to experience at first hand the settings of articles he was writing on the convict period. Old Stories Retold began to appear in The Australasian from February. The following month his great novel His Natural Life (later called For the Term of His Natural Life) commenced serialisation in the Australasian Journal. He also became secretary (1872) to the trustees of the Melbourne Athenauem and later (1876) Sub (assistant) Librarian. In 1868 he founded the Yorick Club, which soon numbered among its members the chief Australian men of letters.
The most famous of his books is For the Term of his Natural Life (Melbourne, 1874), a powerful tale of an Australian penal settlement, which Marcus Clarke originally referred to as "His Unnatural Life."[5] One critic has claimed that Clarke's novel is "the book that more than any other, has defined our perception of the Australian convict experience."[6] He also wrote The Peripatetic Philosopher (1869), a series of amusing papers reprinted from The Australasian; Long Odds (London, 1870), a novel; and numerous comedies and pantomimes, the best of which was Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star (Theatre Royal, Melbourne; Christmas, 1873). In 1869 he married the actress Marian Dunn, with whom he had six children.
For the Term of His Natural Life is a "ripping yarn", which at times relies on unrealistic coincidences. The story follows the fortunes of Rufus Dawes, a young man transported for a theft that he did not commit, from the victim of a mugging - to whom he was actually rendering assistance. The harsh and inhumane treatment meted out to the convicts, some of whom were transported for relatively minor crimes, is clearly conveyed. The conditions experienced by the convicts are graphically described. The novel was based on research by the author as well as a visit to the penal settlement of Port Arthur.
Clarke was an important literary figure in Australia, and was the centre of an important bohemian circle. Among the writers were in contact with him were Victor Daley and George Gordon McCrae.
The biography "Cyril Hopkins' Marcus Clarke" is the only first-hand account of Clarke's early life in London. It draws on first-hand experiences of both author and subject.[7]
In spite of his popular success, Clarke was constantly involved in pecuniary difficulties, which are said to have hastened his death at Melbourne on 2 August 1881 at the age of 35.
Commemorations[edit]
Clarke's contribution to Australian literature and heritage is recognised in several places, including a main street in Canberra City that bears his name.
In 1973 he was honoured on a postage stamp bearing his portrait issued by Australia Post [1].
This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (February 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
^ N. White, Hopkins: A Literary Biography, p. 30
^ Hergenhan, Laurie (Winter 2010). ""A New Biography of Marcus Clarke"" (PDF). SL Winter 2010. 3 (2): 24.
^ ""A New Biography of Marcus Clarke"" (PDF). SL Winter 2010. 3 (2): 22–24. Winter 2010.
"Clarke, Marcus Andrew Hislop" . Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
Hopkins, Cyril; Hergenhan, L. T. (Laurence Thomas), 1931-; Stewart, Ken, 1943-; Wilding, Michael, 1942-; State Library of Victoria (2009), Cyril Hopkins' Marcus Clarke, Australian Scholarly Publishing, ISBN 978-1-921509-12-4 CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Clarke, Marcus Andrew Hislop". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Wikisource has original works written by or about:
Mennell, Philip (1892). "Clarke, Marcus" . The Dictionary of Australasian Biography. London: Hutchinson & Co – via Wikisource.
Works by Marcus Clarke at Project Gutenberg
Works by or about Marcus Clarke at Internet Archive
Works by Marcus Clarke at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
Online version of For the Term of His Natural Life
Ian Henderson 'There are French Novels and there are French Novels': Charles Reade and the 'Other' Sources of Marcus Clarke's His Natural Life JASAL 1 (2002)
Damien Barlow 'Oh, You're Cutting my Bowels Out!' Sexual Unspeakability in Marcus Clarke's His Natural Life JASAL 6 (2007)
Marcus Clarke's For the Term of His Natural Life
For the Term of His Natural Life (1886) (by Thomas Walker & Alfred Dampier)
For the Term of His Natural Life (1886) (by George Leitch)
For the Term of His Natural Life (1887) (by T. South)
For the Term of His Natural Life (1900) (from Charles MacMahon)
For the Term of His Natural Life (1908)
The Life of Rufus Dawes (1911)
For the Term of His Natural Life (1983) (TV)
Alexander Pearce
John Giles Price
Thomas George Rogers
Cyprus mutiny
Norfolk Island convict mutinies
BNF: cb12710750b (data)
LNB: 000135285
SNAC: w6sb4hj9
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marcus_Clarke&oldid=905107392"
19th-century Australian novelists
Australian male novelists
Australian people of English descent
19th-century Australian poets
People educated at Highgate School
People from Victoria (Australia)
Writers from Tasmania
Australian male poets
19th-century male writers
19th-century Australian journalists
Use Australian English from May 2015
Articles lacking in-text citations from February 2012
Articles incorporating Cite DNB template
Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
Articles with Project Gutenberg links
Articles with LibriVox links
Wikipedia articles with LNB identifiers
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10477
|
__label__cc
| 0.511407
| 0.488593
|
Photography in Taiwan
Taiwanese photography is deeply rooted in the country's unique and rapidly changing history. Its early photography is often divided into two periods: Pre-Japanese from approximately 1858 to 1895, and an Era of Japanese Influence, from 1895 to 1945, the year the Japanese occupation of Taiwan ended. Many photographs from the period during which Taiwan was under Japanese rule have been preserved as postcards.[1] Much of the pre-Japanese era photography was conducted by foreign missionaries (such as Scottish Presbyterian minister John Thomson)[2] and merchants.
Chang Tsai (張才),[3][4] Deng Nan-guang (鄧南光) and Lee Ming-diao (李鳴鵰), collectively known as the "three swordsmen", are among the best known of the Taiwanese photographers who were active in the 1930s to 1950s.[5][6] Chinese influence supplanted Japanese influence when the Nationalist government's formally took over Taiwan in 1945 and imposed its authoritarian rule. The lifting of martial law opened Taiwan's art scene, including its photography. Photographer Chang Tsang-tsang has said "the lifting of martial law and the repealing of bans on the establishment of newspapers and political parties in the late 1980s stimulated the domestic art scene and supported the diversification of photography in Taiwan."[7]
Photographers International is considered one of Taiwan's leading photography magazines in 1990s(discontinued in 2014). The magazine profiled key Taiwanese photographers such as Chang Yung-Chieh (張詠捷), Wu Chung-Wei (吳忠維), Hsieh Chun-Teh, (謝春德), Ho Ching-Tai (何經泰), Chuang Ling (莊靈), Liu Chen-Shan (劉振祥) and editor Juan I-Jong (阮義忠) in an issue called "Taiwan Vision".
Another well-known Taiwanese photographer is Taiwan-born Chien-Chi Chang (張乾琦), a member of the Magnum Photos agency.
Another important influence comes from photographer Chang Chao-Tang (張照堂), who is considered by many to be the most important photographer in Taiwan after World War II.[8]
1 Bridal photography
1.1 Process
Bridal photography[edit]
This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources. (August 2016)
Taiwanese bridal photography is a type of pre-wedding photography that is centered primarily in Taiwan but is also practiced in some of the surrounding nations.[9] The photography includes many staged, heavily edited photographs that are meant to represent the bride at her most beautiful stage.[9] The groom is also included in many of the photographs, but he is not the central focus, and his appearance is nowhere near as important as the bride's.[9] It is an integral part of Taiwanese culture and almost every soon to be bride gets them done.[9] One aspect of Taiwanese bridal photography that sets it apart from many other types of photography is the degree of glamorization that goes into creating the photographs.[9] The bride will have her make-up applied by a professional artist to the point where she looks almost like a completely different individual.[9] Some people claim that their friends are unrecognizable in their bridal photos.[9] While brides are made-up and retouched, grooms are presented as looking the same as they would naturally look, either to avoid drawing attention away from the bride or to act as a foil to the bride's glamorous look.[9] The outfits that the brides wear are much more diverse and plentiful than the classic white wedding dress.[9] Brides will sometimes wear multiple styles of a white wedding dress over the course of a shoot, in addition to other more colorful dresses.[9] Bridal photos are not something that only the very rich or the very elite participate in, but they are a cultural institution that the majority of people actually participate in.[9] This is not to say that bridal photography cannot indicate financial wealth or elite status.[9] Most of the elite bridal salons are located in Taipei, and these elite bridal salons set the trends for some of the less recognized bridal salons in the cities.[9] Urban bridal salons are usually considered to be more “stylish” and popular than the rural ones, which are usually less expensive.[9] Rural bridal salons tend to be extravagant to the point of tackiness, while the urban salons set trends that mix the right amounts of both simplistic and extravagant ideas.[9]
Process[edit]
The first step that the couple takes to get their bridal photographs is to visit a salon or a bridal fair where many salons have booths.[9] They look at sample albums that day and then must choose their salon.[9] The bride later returns to the chosen salon to hand-pick the dresses she will wear for the photo shoots and the dresses that she will rent for the banquets.[9] The dresses that were selected for the banquets will be altered, and the dresses for the photo shoot will be pinned back just for the photographs.[9] A few days before the photo shoot, the couple will meet with the photographer to discuss their preferences for the photographs.[9] The photo shoot is a daylong event.[9] The brides make up and hair is done and retouched or changed between each dress change. Taking the photos will take longer if the couple has requested to travel somewhere to get a scenic view.[9] After the pictures are taken the couple later returns to the salon to select which photos they would like printed and in what size.[9] The salon then retouches the images so they are perfect and then sends them off to be printed where they are again retouched to be perfect.[9] After the photos are sent back to the salon where they are organized and framed.[9] The couple then picks up their photographs and the process is completed.[9]
Purpose[edit]
In Taiwanese culture the Bridal Photographs have multiple roles. Bridal photographs are a status symbol in Taiwanese culture.[9] Things such as the backgrounds, the makeup and the quantity of bridal photos are a status symbol.[9] The more bridal photographs that are displayed and the more albums a couple purchases is a sign of the couples and their family's wealth.[9] The couple will display their bridal photographs multiple times.[9] Displaying bridal photographs is a large deal in Taiwanese culture, regardless of wealth.[9] The couple will display their large photographs at their wedding banquet and also will carry the albums of photos around so that all of their friends may look through them.[9] After the festivities are over, the larger photographs will be hung up in the couple's living space.[9] Many couples hang them over the beds.[9] Taiwanese Bridal photographs also showcase the wife's youth.[9] Taiwanese bridal photos are focused around the wife.[9] They are a symbol of her youth and freedom that will soon disappear once she becomes a wife and starts living a married life style.[9]
Cinema of Taiwan
Culture of Taiwan
^ "Nine Picture Perfect Postcard Highlighted Themes under the Japanese Governance Period," National Museum of Taiwan History, October 2009
^ "Eye of the Times - Centennial Images of Taiwan," Taipei Fine Arts Museum
^ "20 Most Influential Asian Photographers," Invisible Photographer Asia, August 16, 2012
^ "Photography Exhibition for Chang Ts'ai," Asian Art Archive, January 31 to Feb 18, 2004
^ 世代風景 ─ 快門三劍客, 公共電視 (web site in Traditional Chinese)
^ "Tsai still a cut above the rest," February 1, 2004
^ "Eyes on Taiwan," Taiwan Review, June 1, 2011
^ "The Existentialism of Taiwan’s Master Surrealist Chang Chao-Tang," Invisible Photographer Asia, November 24, 2013
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak Adrian, Bonnie. Framing the Bride: Globalizing Beauty and Romance in Taiwan's Bridal Industry. Berkeley: University of California, 2003. Print.
Exposing Taiwan's celluloid
The three swordsmen of Taiwan photography (Mandarin)
"Chang Tsai Retrospective Photography Exhibition," Taipei Fine Arts Museum
"John Thomson & early photography in Taiwan," British photographic history,May 7, 2011
"The Eyes of the Era Photographer Chang Chao-tang," Taiwan Panorama, January 2003
"Image and Representation: Special Photo Collections of Taiwan during Japanese Colonial Era," Institute of Taiwan History, Academia Sinica, November 28, 2012
"Images of colonial Taiwan are available free online," Duke University Libraries blog, October 1, 2009
"The gloss of the new," Taipei Times, February 23, 2011
"Document and Realist Photography from 1895 to 1948 during Taiwan's Colonial Period under Japanese Occupation," Dating-AU: Technology, Photography and Architecture 19th - 20th
"The Hakka Images," Taiwan Review, June 1, 2012
Example of Bridal Photography
The Marriage Culture of Taiwan
Ivy Bridal Salon
Naza Bridal Salon
Photography in Asia
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Photography_in_Taiwan&oldid=874075836"
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10478
|
__label__wiki
| 0.952861
| 0.952861
|
Rohilkhand
Historical region of North India
Location Uttar Pradesh
State established: 1690 CE
Language Hindi, Urdu, English
Dynasties Panchalas (Mahabharata era)
Mughals (1526–1736)
Rohillas (1736–1858)
Historical capitals Bareilly, Badayun
Separated sube Bareilly, Rampur, Rudrapur, Pilibhit, Khutar, Shahjahanpur Budaun Kakrala
Regions of Uttar Pradesh
Rohilkhand is a region of northwestern Uttar Pradesh state of India. It is named after the Rohilla Pashtun (also known as Afghan or Pathan) tribes. The region was also known as Madhyadesh in the Hindu epic Mahabharata.[1]
3 Rulers
Rohilkhand lies on the upper Ganges alluvial plain and has an area of about 25,000 km²/10,000 square miles (in and around the City of Bareilly). It is bounded by the Ganges River to the south, by Uttarakhand to the west, by Nepal to the north, and by the Awadh region to the east. It includes the cities of Bareilly, Moradabad, Rampur, Bijnore, Pilibhit, Shahjahanpur, Budaun, and Amroha.
In about 1673, two brothers left their native hills in Shahdarah and obtained a petty office under the Mughals. Rohilla's grandson, Chirag-eh-Rohilla, was eventually appointed governor of Shahdarah in East Delhi. In 1737, a Pashtun named Jai-al-Rohilla was the jagirdar of the area around Farrukhabad (bordering Rohilkhand on the southwest). Rohilkhand was then known as Kuttahir and was occupied by a band of Pashtun mercenaries known as Rohillas. Taking advantage of the invasion of Ahmad Shah Abdali, in 1748, Ali Muhammad Khan added lands formerly owned by officers absent on field service. In this way, he acquired Kuttahir and changed its name to Rohilkhand.[citation needed]
Rohilkhand was invaded by the Marathas after the 3rd Panipat war. Their first invasion of Rohillakhand took place from 1751–1752, the invasion was the result of the charming personae of three queens of Rohillkhand, namely Begum-eh-khaas Pragya, Paulmi -eh-Shiba and Sadhna-eh-Hayat, the wives of Chirag. The Marathas were requested by Safdarjung, the Nawab of Oudh, in 1752, to help him defeat Pashtun Rohilla. The Maratha forces and Awadh forces besieged the Rohillas, who had sought refuge in Kumaon but had to retreat when Ahmad Shah Abdali invaded India.[2][2][3]
In 1772, Marathas, led by Mahadji Sindhia, defeated Rohilla chieftain Zabita Khan, whose possessions lay west of Rohilkhand. They subsequently destroyed Rohilla tribal chief Najib-ul-Daula's grave, scattering his bones.[4] During 1772-73, Mahadji destroyed Pashtun Rohillas in and captured Najibabad. After plundering Rohillakhand Maratha proceeded towards Oudh. Foreseeing the same fate as Rohilla, Nawab made frantic calls to British troops in Bengal.
The British company knew that Nawab of Oudh posed no danger for the British company, whereas the Maratha will try to invade Bengal and Bihar after overrunning Oudh. The British dispatched 20,000 British troops on the order of the Viceroy of British India. They wanted to free Rohillakhand from Maratha and give it to Nawab. The Maratha and British armies came face to face in Ram Ghat, but the sudden demise of then Peshwa and the civil war in Poona to choose the next Peshwa forced the Maratha to retreat. Rohilla decided not to pay, absent a war between the two states. The British made Oudh a buffer state in order to protect it from the Maratha, and from there on, British troops protected Oudh. The subsidy of one British brigade to provide protection to Nawab and Oudh from Maratha was decided to be Rs 2,10,000.[5]
Rohilkhand was under the rule of Rohillas with their capital in City of Bareilly until the Rohilla War of 1774–75. The Rohillas were defeated and driven from Bareilly by the Nawab of Oudh with the assistance of BEIC troops. The state of Rampur was then established under the Nawab of Oudh. In 1803, British annexed Rohilkhand in Upper Doab.
Rulers[edit]
Nawabs of Rampur
Reign Began
Reign Ended
Ali Mohammed Khan 1719 15 September 1748
Faizullah Khan 15 September 1748 24 July 1793
Hafiz Rahmat Khan – Regent 15 September 1748 23 April 1774
Muhammad Ali Khan Bahadur 24 July 1793 11 August 1793
Ghulam Muhammad Khan Bahadur 11 August 1793 24 October 1794
Ahmad Ali Khan Bahadur 24 October 1794 5 July 1840
Nasrullah Khan – Regent 24 October 1794 1811
Muhammad Said Khan Bahadur 5 July 1840 1 April 1855
Yusef Ali Khan Bahadur 1 April 1855 21 April 1865
Kalb Ali Khan Bahadur 21 April 1865 23 March 1887
Muhammad Mushtaq Ali Khan Bahadur 23 March 1887 25 February 1889
Hamid Ali Khan Bahadur 25 February 1889 20 June 1930
Regent 25 February 1889 4 April 1894
Raza Ali Khan Bahadur 20 June 1930 6 March 1966
Murtaza Ali Khan Bahadur – Nawabat abolished in 1971 6 March 1966 8 February 1982
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Rohilkhand
Sarai Rohilla Railway Station
Jewan
Khutar
Pawayan
^ "Rohilkhand | historical region, India". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 27 April 2019.
^ a b Agrawal, Ashvini. Studies In Mughal History.
^ Playne, Somerset; Solomon, R. V.; Bond, J. W.; Wright, Arnold. Indian States: A Biographical, Historical, and Administrative Survey.
^ Rathod, N. G. The Great Maratha: Mahadaji Scindia.
^ Chaurasia, Radhey Shyam (1947). History of Modern India: 1707 A.D. to Upto 2000 A.D.
Historical regions of North India
Bagelkhand
Bundelkhand
Doab
Doaba
Dhundhar
Garhwal
Godwar
Hadoti
Jangladesh
Kumaon
Magadha
Mahakoshal
Majha
Malwa (Punjab)
Marwar
Mewar
Mewat
Mithila
Shekhawati
Vagad
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rohilkhand&oldid=903074371"
Historical Indian regions
Rohilla
Pashtun diaspora
Uttar Pradesh articles missing geocoordinate data
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10479
|
__label__wiki
| 0.832459
| 0.832459
|
List of Star Wars characters
(Redirected from Sola Naberrie)
See also: List of Star Wars Rebels characters, List of Star Wars cast members, List of Star Wars: Knights of the Old Republic characters, List of Star Wars: The Clone Wars cast members, and List of Star Wars Legends characters
Star Wars logo
This list of characters from the Star Wars franchise contains only those which are considered part of the official Star Wars canon. Due to the franchise's focus on the generations of the families of certain characters, some characters are organized in families (although only including families that appear on film, according to the film in which the family was introduced). The rest of the characters are listed individually on alphabetical order.
Some of these characters have alternate non-canonical plotlines in the Star Wars Legends continuity, and the non-canonical characters found in that body of works are compiled in the list of Star Wars Legends characters.
‹ The template below (Horizontal TOC) is being considered for merging. See templates for discussion to help reach a consensus. ›
1 Families
1.1 Appearing on various films
1.1.1 Organa family
1.1.2 Lars family
1.1.3 Skywalker family
1.1.4 Solo family
1.1.5 The Hutt family
1.1.6 Fett family
1.1.7 Naberrie family
16 N
19 Q
27 Y
Families[edit]
Some characters have families, with the Skywalker and Solo families being the main families of the franchise.
Appearing on various films[edit]
At least one member of this families, appears in various films across the franchise.
Organa family[edit]
Main article: Alderaan
A family of politicians from planet Alderaan. After Anakin's turn to the darkside as Darth Vader, Senator Bail and Queen Breha become the adoptive parents of Anakin's biological daughter Leia Organa. Breha and Bail, both die when the Death Star destroys Alderaan, punishing hem for their involvement in the Rebel Alliance against the Empire. Leia lives and marries Han Solo, with whom she has a child.
Bail Prestor Organa Jimmy Smits (Attack of the Clones, Revenge of the Sith and Rogue One)[1]
Voice: Phil LaMarr (The Clone Wars and Rebels) Leia Organa's father, the Senator of Alderaan and one of the Rebel Alliance's founding members. He adopts Leia after her birth mother, Padmé, dies and her birth father, Anakin Skywalker, turns to the dark side. Bail is killed in the destruction of Alderaan by the Death Star.[2] Adrian Dunbar portrayed Organa in scenes cut from The Phantom Menace.[2]
Queen Breha Organa Rebecca Jackson Mendoza (Revenge of the Sith) Ruler of Alderaan, wife of Bail Organa, and mother of Leia Organa. She is killed in the destruction of Alderaan. Breha is also featured in the short story "Eclipse" and in the 2017 novel Leia, Princess of Alderaan.[3][4]
Lars family[edit]
Main article: Tatooine
Native from planet Tatooine. After Anakin Skywalker is freed from slavery and leaves Tatooine to become a Jedi. His mother Shmi Skywalker is bought by Cleg Lars who bought her to free her and marry her. Cliegg Lars becomes Anakin's step-father even though by that point Anakin had left the planet. A decade later Shmi is kidnaped by Tusken raiders, whom leave Cliegg injured and paraplegic, after Anakin tries to recue Shmi, she dies from the injuries on her son arms. After the incident, Anakin leaves Tatooine again with no reason to ever return. After Anakin becomes Darth Vader, Obi-wan sends baby Luke Skywalker with his family on Tatooine, the Lars whom now consist of Anakin's step-brother Owen (the surviving son of Cliegg with a deceased wife previous to Shmi), and Owen's wife Beru, both become the adoptive parents of Luke Skywalker. After stormtroopers kill Owen and Beru, Luke leaves Tatooine with Obi-wan "Ben" Kenobi to become a Jedi.
Cliegg Lars Jack Thompson (Attack of the Clones) Moisture farmer who purchases, then frees and marries Shmi Skywalker, becoming the stepfather of Anakin Skywalker, whom he meets only briefly in Attack of the Clones.[5] He loses his leg when pursuing the Sand People who had kidnapped Shmi.[5] The name Cliegg, and variations of it, have been in Star Wars drafts since 1974.[5]
Shmi Skywalker Pernilla August (The Phantom Menace and Attack of the Clones)
Voice: Pernilla August (The Clone Wars) Anakin Skywalker's mother. Qui-Gon Jinn attempts to bargain for her freedom from slavery but fails. Shmi encourages Anakin to leave Tatooine with Qui-Gon to seek his destiny, but Anakin finds it hard to leave without her. A widowed moisture farmer named Cliegg Lars later falls in love with Shmi, and after he purchases her freedom from Watto, they marry. Shmi dies in Anakin's arms after being kidnapped and tortured by Tusken Raiders in Attack of the Clones.[6]
Owen Lars Phil Brown (A New Hope),[7] Joel Edgerton (Attack of the Clones and Revenge of the Sith)[7] Uncle and surrogate parent of Luke Skywalker in A New Hope, Owen and his wife, Beru, are killed by stormtroopers at their home on Tatooine. In the prequel films, Owen is the son of Cliegg Lars and stepbrother of Anakin Skywalker. He and his wife Beru take custody of Luke at the end of Revenge of the Sith.[8]
Beru Whitesun Lars Shelagh Fraser (A New Hope),[7] Bonnie Piesse (Attack of the Clones and Revenge of the Sith)[7] Aunt and surrogate parent to Luke Skywalker in A New Hope, she and her husband Owen are killed by stormtroopers at their home on Tatooine. In the prequel films, Beru is Owen's girlfriend in Attack of the Clones then wife in Revenge of the Sith, and the two take custody of the infant Luke at the end of the latter film.[9]
Skywalker family[edit]
Main article: Skywalker family
The Skywalker family originates from Tatooine, originally being slaves.
Darth Vader Anakin:
Jake Lloyd (The Phantom Menace),[7] Hayden Christensen (Attack of the Clones, Revenge of the Sith and Return of the Jedi [Special Edition]),[7] Sebastian Shaw (Return of the Jedi),[7]
Voice: Matt Lanter (The Clone Wars, Rebels and Forces of Destiny)[7]
Vader:
David Prowse (Episodes IV–VI),[7] Hayden Christensen (Revenge of the Sith),[7] Spencer Wilding and Daniel Naprous (Rogue One)
Voice: James Earl Jones (Episodes III–VI, Rebels and Rogue One)[7] Jedi whose fall and redemption are portrayed in the Star Wars films. His master was Obi-Wan Kenobi. He was married to Padmé Amidala; father of Luke and Leia. He is an excellent podracer and he is "the Chosen One".[10] Known as "Darth Vader" after his fall to the dark side.
Padmé Amidala Natalie Portman (Episodes I–III)
Voice: Catherine Taber (The Clone Wars and Forces of Destiny) Teenage queen, and later Senator of Naboo, born Padme Naberrie, who marries Anakin Skywalker and dies giving birth to Luke Skywalker and Leia Organa.[11]
Luke Skywalker Mark Hamill (Episodes IV–IX), Aidan Barton (Revenge of the Sith)
Voice: Mark Hamill (Forces of Destiny) Jedi whose coming of age and rise as a Jedi are portrayed in the original Star Wars trilogy. Son of Anakin Skywalker and Padmé Amidala, and Leia Organa's twin brother.[12]
Solo family[edit]
Main article: Solo family
The Solo family originates from Corellia.
Han Solo Harrison Ford (Episodes IV–VII), Alden Ehrenreich (Solo: A Star Wars Story)[13][14]
Voice: A. J. Locascio (Forces of Destiny young), Kiff VandenHeuvel (Forces of Destiny old) Captain of the Millennium Falcon who joins the Rebellion and marries Leia Organa. He is murdered by his son, Kylo Ren, after a failed attempt to turn his son from the dark side.
Leia Organa Carrie Fisher (Episodes IV–IX), Aidan Barton (Revenge of the Sith), Ingvild Deila (Rogue One)
Voice: Julie Dolan (Rebels), Shelby Young (Forces of Destiny), Carolyn Hennesy (Resistance) Leader in the Rebel Alliance, the New Republic, and the Resistance. She is the biological daughter of Anakin Skywalker and Padmé Amidala, as well as Luke Skywalker's twin sister, Han Solo's wife and Kylo Ren's mother.[15]
Kylo Ren Adam Driver (Episodes VII–IX) Alter-ego of Ben Solo after his fall to the dark side. He is a leader in the First Order and a Master of the Knights of Ren.
The Hutt family[edit]
Mama the Hutt Voice: Angelique Perrin (The Clone Wars) Mother of Ziro, Zorba, Ebor, Pazda, and Jiliac, the grandmother of Jabba the Hutt, and great-grandmother of Rotta the Huttlet. She is confronted by Obi-Wan Kenobi when her starship is taken by Ziro and his girlfriend Sy Snootles.
Ziro the Hutt Voice: Corey Burton (The Clone Wars) Jabba the Hutt's flamboyant uncle, and Mama the Hutt's son.
Jabba the Hutt Mike Edmonds, Dave Barclay, Toby Philpott and John Coppinger (puppeteers) (Return of the Jedi)
Voice: Larry Ward (Return of the Jedi), Scott Schumann (The Phantom Menace), Kevin Michael Richardson (The Clone Wars) Crime boss employing bounty hunters in the A New Hope Special Edition, Return of the Jedi, The Phantom Menace, and The Clone Wars, killed by Princess Leia aboard his sail barge in Return of the Jedi.[16] His full name is Jabba Desilijic Tiure.[17]
Rotta the Hutt Voice: David Acord (The Clone Wars) Jabba the Hutt's son, kidnapped by Count Dooku in The Clone Wars animated film.
Fett family[edit]
Jango Fett Temuera Morrison (Attack of the Clones) Bounty hunter, template for all the clones who made up the Republic's army. He is the father of Boba Fett.[18] He is killed by Jedi Master Mace Windu in Attack of the Clones.
Boba Fett Jeremy Bulloch (The Empire Strikes Back and Return of the Jedi),[7] Daniel Logan (Attack of the Clones)[7]
Voice: Jason Wingreen (The Empire Strikes Back),[7] Temuera Morrison (The Empire Strikes Back [Special Edition]),[7] Daniel Logan (The Clone Wars)[7] Bounty hunter and nemesis of Han Solo and Mace Windu, he is a clone of Jango Fett raised by Jango on Kamino as his son.[19] He is one of the six bounty hunters hired by Darth Vader to find the Millennium Falcon in The Empire Strikes Back. He finds the ship and brings a bounty of its captain, Han Solo, frozen in carbonite, to Jabba the Hutt. He appears again in Return of the Jedi, at Jabba's palace. When Luke Skywalker and his friends come to rescue Han, Fett falls into the mouth of Jabba's Sarlacc during the fight.
Naberrie family[edit]
Main article: Naboo
Ruwee Naberrie Graeme Blundell (Attack of the Clones and Revenge of the Sith) Padmé Amidala's father.
Jobal Naberrie Trisha Noble (Attack of the Clones and Revenge of the Sith) Padmé Amidala's mother.
Sola Naberrie Claudia Karvan (Attack of the Clones and Revenge of the Sith) Padmé Amidala's older sister, the mother of Ryoo and Pooja Naberrie.
Pooja Naberrie Hayley Mooy (Attack of the Clones and Revenge of the Sith) Daughter of Sola Naberrie and niece of Padmé Amidala. She replaces Jar Jar Binks as Senator of the Chommell Sector.
Ryoo Naberrie Keira Wingate (Attack of the Clones and Revenge of the Sith) Padmé Amidala's niece, the daughter of Sola Naberrie and Pooja's older sister.
#[edit]
2-1B Voice: Randy Thom (The Empire Strikes Back), Denny Delk (Revenge of the Sith) Medical droid in The Empire Strikes Back that tends to Luke Skywalker in the bacta tank after the Wampa attack on Hoth, and replaces Luke's hand.[20] A 2-1B droid also serves as medical droid to Anakin Skywalker in Revenge of the Sith, and can be seen in the Star Wars Rebels animated series.[21]
4-LOM Chris Parsons (The Empire Strikes Back) Protocol droid with insectoid features, 4-LOM is among the Bounty Hunters who answer Darth Vader's call to capture the Millennium Falcon in The Empire Strikes Back.[22] In the Legends continuity it is Jabba the Hutt that upgrades 4-LOM's programming, turning him into a full-fledged bounty hunter, and partners him with fellow bounty hunter Zuckuss.[23] Teaming up for many years, 4-LOM and Zuckuss join the Rebel Alliance for a time, even having aspirations of mastering the Force.[24] 4-LOM would lose these aspirations and affiliations after being badly damaged by Boba Fett and having his memory erased, restoring him to a cold calculating bounty hunter.[23][25] The first 4-LOM action figure was misidentified as "Zuckuss" in Kenner's original Star Wars action figure line.[26]
8D8 N/A Torture droid working for Jabba the Hutt in Return of the Jedi.[22][27] A Kenner action figure was created for this droid during their original Return of the Jedi line.[28]
Clone 99 Voice: Dee Bradley Baker (The Clone Wars)[29] Deformed clone trooper who helps the Domino Squad in the Clone Wars. He is killed during one of the Battles of Kamino.[30][31]
0-0-0 (a.k.a. Triple-Zero) N/A Protocol droid designed to specialize in etiquette, customs, translation and torture. Structurally similar to C-3PO. An associate of Doctor Aphra and BT-1, the droid is first featured in the Marvel Comics series Star Wars: Darth Vader and is now heavily featured in the ongoing Doctor Aphra series.[32]
A[edit]
A'Koba Peter Diamond (A New Hope) Tusken Raider leader in A New Hope who attacks Luke Skywalker and raises his gaderffii stick in the air repeatedly over his head. Also known as "URoRRuR'R'R", this sandperson is featured in the short story "Rites" from the 2017 anthology From a Certain Point of View.[33]
Admiral Gial Ackbar Timothy D. Rose (Episodes VI–VIII)
Voice: Erik Bauersfeld (Return of the Jedi and The Force Awakens), Art Butler (The Clone Wars), Tom Kane (The Last Jedi) Commands the Rebel fleet in their attack against the second Death Star in Return of the Jedi. Ackbar is a Mon Calamari leader and military commander who fought in the Clone Wars. He devotes himself to the cause of galactic freedom and becomes the foremost military commander of the Rebel Alliance, and later the New Republic. He later works alongside General Leia Organa as part of the Resistance in The Force Awakens. He is killed along with many Resistance leaders in The Last Jedi.
Sim Aloo ("Imperial Dignitary") Anthony Lang (Return of the Jedi) Member of the Imperial Ruling Council and one of Emperor Palpatine's advisors, he appears alongside other councilors to the Emperor on the second Death Star, and is killed when it is destroyed over the forest moon of Endor in Return of the Jedi.[34] An action figure of this character, entitled "Imperial Dignitary", was created in Kenner's 1985 Power of the Force line.[35]
Almec Voice: Julian Holloway (The Clone Wars) Mandalorian politician who serves as Prime Minister of Mandalore during the Clone Wars. A prominent supporter of Satine Kryze and her New Mandalorian government, he is imprisoned for his involvement in an illegal smuggling ring, but is later freed and reinstated as Prime Minister after Darth Maul takes over the New Mandalorian capital city of Sundari. Later when Darth Maul is captured by Darth Sidious, Almec sends two Mandalorian warriors to rescue him.
Mas Amedda Jerome Blake (The Phantom Menace and Revenge of the Sith), David Bowers (Attack of the Clones and Revenge of the Sith)[36]
Voice: Stephen Stanton (The Clone Wars) Vice chair of the Galactic Senate.[36] He is Grand Vizier and head of the Imperial Ruling Council in Aftermath: Life Debt, installed by Gallius Rax as the puppet leader of the Empire following Palpatine's death. Amedda formally surrenders the Empire to the New Republic in Aftermath: Empire's End.
Amee Katie Lucas (The Phantom Menace) Human friend of Anakin Skywalker in The Phantom Menace. Lucas, the daughter of George Lucas, was credited as Jenna Green.
Cassian Andor Diego Luna (Rogue One and Untitled Cassian Series)[37] Captain and intelligence officer of the Rebel Alliance who helps steal the plans for the Death Star in Rogue One.
Fodesinbeed Annodue Voice: Greg Proops and Scott Capurro (The Phantom Menace) Two-headed Troig in The Phantom Menace who commentates in both Basic and Huttese for the Boonta Eve Classic pod race.[38] The actor/comedians Greg Proops and Scott Capurro were originally supposed to appear in full prosthetic makeup, but the design was switched to a somewhat unpopular fully CG character.[39]
Raymus Antilles Peter Geddis (A New Hope),[7] Rohan Nichol (Revenge of the Sith),[7] Tim Beckmann (Rogue One) Captain of the Tantive IV. In A New Hope, he is strangled to death by Darth Vader.[20] Antilles is the last master of C-3PO and R2-D2 before they fall under the ownership of Luke Skywalker, and captain of the Sundered Heart in Revenge of the Sith. No relation to any other character named Antilles.
Wedge Antilles Denis Lawson (Episodes IV–VI),
Voice: David Ankrum (A New Hope and Rogue One),[7] Nathan Kress (Rebels) A Rebel and New Republic starfighter pilot, who was in the battles of Yavin, Hoth, and Endor and is the only survivor of those battles besides Luke Skywalker.[40]
AP-5 Voice: Stephen Stanton (Rebels) An RA-7 protocol droid from the Clone Wars, serving with the Galactic Republic as a navigator; later tasked with inventory duties by the Empire, before C1-10P/Chopper encounters him in the Rebels episode "The Forgotten Droid". Acts as a C-3PO-like counterpart to Chopper in Rebel service, and assists Phoenix Squadron in finding a new base on Atollon, before The Bendu forces both Rebels and Imperials off Atollon in the episode "Zero Hour".[41]
Queen Apailana Keisha Castle-Hughes (Revenge of the Sith) Queen of Naboo during the last year of the Clone Wars in Revenge of the Sith. She is assassinated by stormtroopers of the Imperial 501st Legion for harboring fugitive Jedi in Star Wars: Battlefront II.
Sergeant Appo (CC-1119) Voice: Temuera Morrison (Revenge of the Sith), Dee Bradley Baker (The Clone Wars) Clone Sergeant of the 501st Legion in Revenge of the Sith.
Doctor Chelli Lona Aphra Voice: January LaVoy (Audiobook of From a Certain Point of View) A human female archaeologist, recruited by Darth Vader, along with her two assassin droid companions, 0-0-0 (Triple-Zero) and BT-1 (Beetee) for several covert missions outside the knowledge of the Empire. She is first featured in the Marvel comic series Star Wars: Darth Vader, before getting her own ongoing titular comic series.[32]
Faro Argyus Voice: James Marsters (The Clone Wars) Captain of the Senate Commandos who is bribed by Count Dooku to free Viceroy Nute Gunray from Republic captivity. He is later betrayed and killed by Asajj Ventress.
Aiolin and Morit Astarte N/A Specially engineered humans, brother and sister, skilled with lightsabers and working under Dr. Cylo as possible replacements for Darth Vader. They first appear in the Star Wars: Darth Vader Marvel comic book series.[42]
Ello Asty Paul Kasey (The Force Awakens)
Voice: Matthew Wood (The Force Awakens and Resistance) Abednedo X-wing pilot for the Resistance that perished during the attack on Starkiller Base in The Force Awakens. Asty's name is a reference by director J.J. Abrams to the album Hello Nasty by the Beastie Boys, and the inscription on Asty's helmet, "Born to Ill", references the band's debut album Licensed to Ill.[43]
Attichitcuk Paul Gale
(Star Wars Holiday Special) A Wookiee and the father of Chewbacca, he was one of Kashyyyk's prominent chieftains during the final years of the Galactic Republic. He appears in the Holiday Special and as a playable character in Galactic Battlegrounds (2001), and was canonized by being mentioned in Solo: A Star Wars Story (2018).
AZI-3 Voice: Ben Diskin (The Clone Wars) Medical droid serving the cloners of Kamino who helps uncover the secret of Order 66 in The Clone Wars.[44]
B[edit]
Ponda Baba ("Walrus Man") Tommy Isley (A New Hope) Aqualish mercenary who in A New Hope attacks Luke Skywalker in the Mos Eisley cantina, and then gets his arm cut off by Obi-Wan Kenobi's lightsaber. He is an associate of Dr. Cornelius Evazan who also antagonizes Luke Skywalker in the cantina.[45] When the original Kenner action figure for Baba was released, the then-unnamed alien was called simply "Walrus Man".[46] He can also be seen with Dr. Evazan on the streets of Jedha in Rogue One.[47]
Kitster Banai Dhruv Chanchani (The Phantom Menace) Tatooine slave boy and Anakin Skywalker's childhood friend. Banai is supportive to Anakin's pod-racing endeavors, which is in contrast to Anakin's other friends Wald, Amee, Melee and Seek in The Phantom Menace. As the most prominent of Anakin's childhood friends, there has been much speculation as to Banai's fate after The Phantom Menace.[48]
Cad Bane Voice: Corey Burton (The Clone Wars) Ruthless bounty hunter in The Clone Wars who makes many major appearances throughout the series. He also appears in the game Star Wars: The Clone Wars – Republic Heroes.[49]
Darth Bane Voice: Mark Hamill (The Clone Wars) Dark Lord of the Sith who is responsible for the "Rule of Two" that states there shall only ever be two Sith at a time, a Master and an Apprentice, before the Old Republic. An illusion of him appeared during the final episode of The Clone Wars to confront Yoda on Moraband and offer him the chance to join the dark side of the Force, but is rejected by Yoda.
Barada Dirk Yohan Beer (Return of the Jedi) Klatooinian employed as one of Jabba the Hutt's skiff guards in Return of the Jedi. Released in action figure form as part of Kenner's final Power of the Force line in 1985.[50]
Jom Barell N/A SpecForces officer introduced in Star Wars: Aftermath who becomes part of the main team in Aftermath: Life Debt.[51]
Moradmin Bast Leslie Schofield (A New Hope) Imperial general who serves aboard the first Death Star who warns Grand Moff Tarkin that they should evacuate due to the Rebel threat in A New Hope.
BB-8 Dave Chapman and Brian Herring (puppeteers) (The Force Awakens and The Last Jedi)
Voice: Bill Hader and Ben Schwartz (consultants) (The Force Awakens and The Last Jedi) Poe Dameron's astromech droid in The Force Awakens and The Last Jedi.
BB-9E N/A Black plated BB-series astromech droid in the service of the First Order in The Last Jedi.
Tobias Beckett Woody Harrelson (Solo: A Star Wars Story) A criminal and Han Solo's mentor. He enlists Han and Chewbacca to assist with the theft of shipment of coaxium from Vandor; he later betrays and is killed by Han.
Val Beckett Thandie Newton (Solo: A Star Wars Story) A criminal partnered with fellow outlaw Tobias Beckett during at the height of the Galactic Empire.
The Bendu Voice: Tom Baker (Rebels) An ancient Force-wielder whose philosophy predates the Jedi Order; encountered by the main characters of Star Wars Rebels on the planet Atollon, where he describes himself as being "the middle" between the ashla, light-wielding Jedi and the bogan, dark-wielding Sith.
Shara Bey N/A A-wing pilot for the Rebel Alliance and mother of Poe Dameron, featured in the 2015 Marvel Comics limited series Star Wars: Shattered Empire.[52]
Sio Bibble Oliver Ford Davies (Episodes I–III) Governor of Naboo in the prequel trilogy, who also appears in two episodes of Star Wars: the Clone Wars.[53]
Depa Billaba Dipika O'Neill Joti (The Phantom Menace) Jedi Master on the Jedi High Council who falls into a six-month coma after an encounter with General Grievous on Haruun Kal, but recovers and becomes the master of Padawan Caleb Dume, who is later known as Kanan Jarrus.
Jar Jar Binks Ahmed Best (Episodes I–III)
Voice: Ahmed Best (The Clone Wars), B.J. Hughes (Three episodes of The Clone Wars) Hapless but good-natured Gungan who journeys with Qui-Gon Jinn to Coruscant.[54]
Temiri Blagg Temirlan Blaev (The Last Jedi) A young boy and Force-sensitive slave on Cantonica. Temiri and his friends, Oniho Zaya and Arashell Sar, work for Bargwill Tomder in the Fathier stables in Canto Bight. Temiri is given a resistance ring by Rose Tico, and is shown Force-pulling a broom towards himself near the conclusion of The Last Jedi.[55]
Commander Bly Voice: Dee Bradley Baker (The Clone Wars) CC-5052 is a clone commander who leads the 327th Star Corps under Jedi General Aayla Secura in Revenge of the Sith and The Clone Wars. When Order 66 is issued, Bly executes Aayla Secura on Felucia.
Bobbajo Aidan Cook (The Force Awakens) Nu-Cosian storyteller seen carrying his menagerie of caged animals on Jakku in The Force Awakens. Bobbajo, although having a very minor role, was one of the very first new characters from The Force Awakens to have been shown in promotional materials for the film.[56] Bobbajo is also featured in the short story "All Creatures Great and Small".[57]
Dud Bolt Vulptereen podracer who participates in the Boonta Eve Classic podrace in The Phantom Menace. A puppet of Bolt was one of the few practical effects created for the podrace sequence, rather than solely CG.[58] Bolt is also featured in several non-canon video games such as Star Wars: Episode I Racer.[59]
Mister Bones N/A Rebuilt B1 battle droid introduced in Aftermath, serves as loyal—if homicidal—bodyguard to Temmin "Snap" Wexley.[60][61] In the comic Poe Dameron #13, Snap carries Mister Bones' "personality template" with him for good luck, and temporarily loads it into another droid to protect Poe Dameron.[62]
Lux Bonteri Voice: Jason Spisak (The Clone Wars) Son of Mina Bonteri and freedom fighter in the Clone Wars; love interest of Ahsoka Tano.
Mina Bonteri Voice: Kath Soucie (The Clone Wars) Mother of Lux Bonteri and Separatist senator in the Clone Wars.
Borvo the Hutt Voice: Clint Bajakian (The Phantom Menace) Hutt smuggler on Tatooine in Star Wars Episode I: Battle for Naboo.
Bossk Alan Harris (The Empire Strikes Back and Return of the Jedi)
Voice: Dee Bradley Baker (The Clone Wars) Trandoshan bounty hunter who is one of the six summoned in The Empire Strikes Back by Darth Vader to find the Millennium Falcon, and who is also seen in Jabba's Palace in Return of the Jedi. Bossk is the son of bounty hunter Cradossk and is known for his hatred and hunting of Wookiees, with a particular vendetta against the Wookiee Chewbacca.[63] Bossk also appears in episodes of The Clone Wars, in which he mentors and serves as a bodyguard to a young Boba Fett, eventually joining his syndicate of bounty hunters. In Rebels, Bossk captains the Hound's Tooth and teams with Ezra Bridger to expose corrupt Imperial officer lieutenant Jenkes.[64] Also appearing in the Darth Vader Marvel comics series, Bossk is hired by Doctor Aphra along with other bounty hunters in an attempted hijack of the Son-Tuul Pride's fortune.[65] In the Legends continuity, Bossk kills his own father to take over the Bounty Hunters Guild, recruiting Boba Fett as a member, before being double-crossed and finally defeating Fett on Tatooine.[63][66] Later in his retirement in the same continuity, Bossk is imprisoned on a space station orbiting Ord Mantell, which is destroyed during the Yuuzhan Vong War, and possibly meets his demise.[67] Bossk's reptilian mask was originally used for a different character in the Mos Eisley cantina from A New Hope, while his yellow and white spacesuit, also seen in the cantina, is a real RAF pressure suit from the 1960s.[68][69]
Ezra Bridger Voice: Taylor Gray (Rebels and Forces of Destiny) Fourteen-year-old con artist, thief, and pickpocket living on the Outer Rim world of Lothal as the Empire strip mines the resources of his homeworld for Sienar's TIE fighter production. He is able to use the Force, and has used it to get out of certain predicaments. Stealing to survive, he had no real loyalty to anyone until he met the crew of the Ghost. His master is Kanan Jarrus.[70]
BT-1 (a.k.a. Bee-Tee) N/A Astromech droid modified to be a homicidal assassin, with a variety of built-in assault weapons. An associate of Doctor Aphra and 0-0-0, the droid is first featured in the Marvel comic series Star Wars: Darth Vader and is now heavily featured in the ongoing Doctor Aphra series.[32]
Sora Bulq Weequay Jedi Master and friend of Mace Windu who is turned to the dark side of the Force by Count Dooku.
C[edit]
C1-10P (a.k.a. "Chopper") Matt Martin (Rogue One)[citation needed]
Voice: Dave Filoni (Rebels and Forces of Destiny) Obsolete-looking astromech droid with a cantankerous, "pranking" form of behavior aboard the rebel freighter Ghost in Star Wars Rebels.[22][71] Chopper later reappears in Rogue One out of the Great Temple of Masassi on Yavin 4, like the Ghost itself and Hera Syndulla (who is mentioned only as a General of the Rebellion).[citation needed]
C-3PO Anthony Daniels (Episodes I-IX and Rogue One)
Voice: Anthony Daniels (The Clone Wars, Rebels, Forces of Destiny and Resistance) Protocol droid who appears throughout the Star Wars films.[22][72]
Lando Calrissian Billy Dee Williams (The Empire Strikes Back, Return of the Jedi and The Rise of Skywalker), Donald Glover (Solo: A Star Wars Story)
Voice: Billy Dee Williams (Rebels) Longtime friend of Han Solo. Businessman and scoundrel who leads the Rebels' space attack against the second Death Star in Return of the Jedi.[73]
Captain Moden Canady Mark Lewis Jones (The Last Jedi) First Order captain of the Mandator IV-class Siege Dreadnought Fulminatrix, destroyed by Paige Tico's Resistance StarFortress bomber during the attack on D'Qar in The Last Jedi.
Ransolm Casterfo N/A Centrist senator from Riosa who opposes, and then befriends, Princess Leia in the novel Star Wars: Bloodline.[74][75][76]
Chewbacca Peter Mayhew (Episodes III–VII), Joonas Suotamo (Episodes VII–IX, Solo: A Star Wars Story)
Voice: Peter Mayhew (The Clone Wars) Han Solo's Wookiee partner and co-pilot of the Millennium Falcon.[77]
Chief Chirpa Jane Busby (Return of the Jedi) An Ewok that served as the chief of the Ewok tribe that appears in Return of the Jedi.[78]
Rush Clovis Voice: Robin Atkin Downes (The Clone Wars) Separatist Senator who represents the planet Scipio in the Galactic Senate, as well as a former love interest of Padmé Amidala. When the Clone Wars break out, he becomes a delegate of the InterGalactic Banking Clan. During the Battle of Scipio he sacrifices himself to save Padmé.
Commander Cody Temuera Morrison (Revenge of the Sith)
Voice: Dee Bradley Baker (The Clone Wars)[29] Serves directly under Obi-Wan Kenobi in Revenge of the Sith and during the Clone Wars. He helps Obi-Wan at Utapau against General Grievous and then turns on him when Emperor Palpatine orders him to "Execute Order 66".[30]
Lieutenant Kaydel Ko Connix Billie Lourd (Episodes VII–IX) Human female serving as a junior controller in the Resistance during their conflict with the First Order in The Force Awakens.[79] Actress Lourd is the daughter of Carrie Fisher (Princess Leia).[79] Though Lourd is credited as Lieutenant Connix in the film's credits, StarWars.com gives her full name as Kaydel Ko Connix.[80]
Captain Jeremoch Colton Jeremy Bulloch (Revenge of the Sith) Pilot of the Tantive III in Revenge of the Sith.
Cordé Veronica Segura (Attack of the Clones) Padmé Amidala's handmaiden and decoy in Attack of the Clones. She is killed by Zam Wessel in her attempt to assassinate Senator Amidala.
Salacious B. Crumb Tim Rose (puppeteer) (Return of the Jedi)
Voice: Mark Dodson (Return of the Jedi) Kowakian monkey-lizard in Jabba the Hutt's court.[81] Rose's antics controlling the Crumb puppet led to an increase in the character's prominence.[81]
Arvel Crynyd Hilton McRae (Return of the Jedi) A-wing pilot who crashes into the Executor-class Star Dreadnought Executor, causing its fall and destruction on the surface of the second Death Star, in Return of the Jedi.
Dr. Cylo N/A Cybernetically enhanced human, able to assume other clones of himself once his current form has died. First appearing in the Star Wars: Darth Vader Marvel comic book series, Cylo is presented as a rival to Darth Vader; pitting Vader against many of his Cybernetically enhanced beings, to gain favour under Emperor Palpatine.[82]
D[edit]
Commander Larma D'Acy Amanda Lawrence (The Last Jedi) Human female Resistance commander and advisor to Leia Organa and Amilyn Holdo in The Last Jedi.
Figrin D'an Rick Baker (A New Hope) Leader of the Bith band Figrin D'an and the Modal Nodes, playing in the Mos Eisley cantina in A New Hope.[83]
Kes Dameron N/A Special forces soldier for the Rebel Alliance and father of Poe, featured in the 2015 Marvel Comics limited series Star Wars: Shattered Empire.[52]
Poe Dameron Oscar Isaac (Episodes VII–IX)
Voice: Oscar Isaac (Resistance) X-wing fighter pilot introduced in The Force Awakens, called "the best pilot in the Resistance".[84][85]
Vober Dand Derek Arnold (The Force Awakens and The Last Jedi) Tarsunt from the planet Suntilla who serves as a logistics controller for the Resistance during the attack on Starkiller Base in The Force Awakens. He also appears at the Resistance base on D'Qar in The Last Jedi.[86]
Joclad Danva Kyle Rowling (Attack of the Clones) Human Jedi Knight from Attack of the Clones who uses a green lightsaber in the Battle of Geonosis, where he is killed.
Dapp Voice: Steve Blum (Uprising) "Happy" Dapp is a man that an unnamed smuggler and his sister Riley worked for during the Galactic Empire's Iron Blockade.
Biggs Darklighter Garrick Hagon (A New Hope) A friend of Luke Skywalker's from Tatooine and a Rebel Alliance X-wing pilot. As 'Rogue Three', he is a member of Red Squadron, part of the Rebel attack on the Death Star in Star Wars: A New Hope.[87] Luke and Biggs' reunion at the Rebel base on Yavin IV was originally cut from the theatrical release of the film; but was restored for the Special Edition release. Further scenes of Darklighter meeting with Luke, earlier on Tatooine, were also cut; but can be seen in The Star Wars Storybook adaptation of A New Hope, and in the 1998 Star Wars: Behind the Magic interactive CD-ROM by LucasArts.[87][88][89]
General Oro Dassyne Voice: Terrence Carson Separatist General and an agent of the Corporate Alliance who commands the CIS' forces on Bomis Koori IV.
Gizor Dellso Geonosian separatist who survives Darth Vader's slaughter of the remaining separatist leaders and creates his own droid army. He has plans to make a new battle droid until Imperial stormtroopers of the 501st Legion raid his factory on Mustafar and destroy his plans. Gizor never makes it off the planet.
Dengar Morris Bush (The Empire Strikes Back and Return of the Jedi)
Voice: Simon Pegg (The Clone Wars) Corellian bounty hunter summoned by Darth Vader to hunt for the Millennium Falcon in The Empire Strikes Back and is visible in Jabba's Palace in Return of the Jedi.[90] In The Clone Wars, Dengar is part of a syndicate of bounty hunters betrayed by Asajj Ventress on the planet Quarzite.[91] Soon working for the Hutts, Dengar attempts to capture Han Solo and Chewbacca in the 2015 Star Wars Marvel comics series story-line "Showdown on the Smuggler's Moon" and makes appearances in the Darth Vader comic series as well.[92] In the Aftermath novels, Dengar both battles and be-friends fellow bounty hunter Mercurial Swift, before joining Jas Emari to rescue Norra Wexley during the Battle of Jakku, and receives a pardon from the New Republic.[93][94] In the Legends continuity, Dengar is portrayed as a successful swoop bike racer and a relatively unsuccessful bounty hunter.[24] He is badly injured in a race by Han Solo on Corellia and is rebuilt by the Empire as a cybernetically enhanced assassin, serving the Empire until he refuses to kill children on the planet Asrat. Falsely joining the Rebellion on Hoth in a ruse to capture Han Solo, Dengar is reprieved of this death warrant by Darth Vader and reunites with his future wife Manaroo on Cloud City.[95] On Tatooine, Dengar and Manaroo nurse Boba Fett back to health after his escape from the Sarlacc, forming a partnership between the two former rivals.[95] Later retreating somewhat into married life, Dengar's activities become more sparing, but he does encounter the offspring of his enemy Han Solo in the Legends novel Young Jedi Knights: Delusions of Grandeur.[96]
Bren Derlin John Ratzenberger (The Empire Strikes Back) Rebel officer in The Empire Strikes Back.[97]
Ima-Gun Di Voice: Robin Atkin Downes (The Clone Wars) Red Nikto Jedi Master in The Clone Wars.[98]
Rinnrivin Di N/A Red Nikto crime lord who heads a dangerous cartel based on the planet Bastatha in Star Wars: Bloodline.[99][100]
DJ Benicio del Toro (The Last Jedi) Slicer who assists and then betrays Finn and Rose Tico on their mission aboard the First Order flagship Dreadnought Supremacy in The Last Jedi. His name stands for "Don't Join".[101]
Lott Dod Silas Carson (The Phantom Menace)
Voice: Toby Longworth (The Phantom Menace), Gideon Emery (The Clone Wars) Neimoidian senator of the Trade Federation, representing the trade conglomerate's interests in the Galactic Senate.
Jan Dodonna Alex McCrindle (A New Hope), Ian McElhinney (Rogue One)
Voice: Michael Bell (Rebels) General and leader of the Rebel base on Yavin IV who plans the starfighter attack on the first Death Star in A New Hope.[102] Dondonna also appears in Rogue One, the Rebels animated series, and in several issues of Marvel's comic series Star Wars. He is also the first character to utter the phrase, "May the Force be with you".[citation needed]
Daultay Dofine Alan Ruscoe (The Phantom Menace)
Voice: Chris Sanders (The Phantom Menace) Neimoidian Commander of the Trade Federation's droid control ship in The Phantom Menace, he is killed when Anakin destroys the ship.
Dogma Voice: Dee Bradley Baker (The Clone Wars)[29] Clone trooper devoted to the Republic in the newest generation of the recruits fighting in the Clone Wars.[103]
Darth Tyranus Christopher Lee (Attack of the Clones and Revenge of the Sith)
Voice: Christopher Lee (The Clone Wars film), Corey Burton (The Clone Wars TV series) The leader of the Separatists and secretly the Sith Lord Darth Tyranus.[104] He severs Anakin Skywalker's right forearm in Attack of the Clones, and is decapitated by Anakin in Revenge of the Sith.[104] Dooku also makes several appearances in The Clone Wars.
Dormé Rose Byrne (Attack of the Clones) Handmaiden to Senator Padmé Amidala.
Cin Drallig Nick Gillard (Revenge of the Sith)
Voice: Robin Atkin Downes (The Clone Wars) Jedi Master who serves as the battlemaster of and head of security for the Jedi Temple in the final days of the Clone Wars. He is killed by Darth Vader during the siege of the temple in Revenge of the Sith.
Garven Dreis (a.k.a. Red Leader) Drewe Henley (A New Hope and Rogue One) Leader of the Rebel Alliance's Red Squadron during the attack on the first Death Star in the Battle of Yavin in A New Hope. Unused footage of actor Drewe Henley as Garven Dreis from A New Hope was also used during the Battle of Scarif in Rogue One.
Droidbait (CT-00-2010) Voice: Dee Bradley Baker (The Clone Wars) Clone trooper and member of Domino squad, nicknamed because he is always getting shot by training droids. Stationed on a remote listening post on the Rishi moon, he is killed there by confederate commando droids.
Rio Durant Voice: Jon Favreau (Solo: A Star Wars Story) An Ardennian pilot and long-time associate of criminals Tobias Beckett and Val.
Lok Durd Voice: George Takei (The Clone Wars) Neimoidian weapon designer who serves as a Separatist general.
E[edit]
Eirtaé Friday "Liz" Wilson (The Phantom Menace) Handmaiden to Padmé Amidala seen in The Phantom Menace.
Dineé Ellberger Celia Imrie (The Phantom Menace) Human female pilot for the Naboo Royal Space Fighter Corps, flying with Bravo Squadron during the invasion of Naboo in The Phantom Menace.[105]
Ellé Chantal Freer (Revenge of the Sith) Handmaiden to Padmé Amidala in Revenge of the Sith.
Caluan Ematt Andrew Jack (The Force Awakens and The Last Jedi) Elderly General in the Resistance, and former lieutenant in the Rebel Alliance. Ematt appears at the Resistance base during the planning of the attack on Starkiller Base, and later appears atop the trenches in the Battle of Crait. A longtime associate of Leia Organa, Ematt also appears in the 2015 novels Moving Target: A Princess Leia Adventure and Smuggler's Run: A Han Solo & Chewbacca Adventure, as well as the 2016 novel Bloodline.
Embo Voice: Dave Filoni (The Clone Wars) A Clone Wars-era bounty hunter that works for the highest bidder, but has a sense of honor. His weapons include a bowcaster and his hat, which he uses as a boomerang. He is a Kyuzo.
Emperor's Royal Guard Elite, red-helmeted and red-cloaked stormtroopers who serve as Emperor Palpatine's personal bodyguards.
Jas Emari N/A Zabrak bounty hunter introduced in Star Wars: Aftermath.[106][107]
Ebe E. Endocott Voice: Roger L. Jackson (The Phantom Menace) Of Triffian species, Ebe is one of the eighteen podracers seen in The Phantom Menace.
Galen Erso Mads Mikkelsen (Rogue One)[37] Imperial research scientist and the father of Jyn Erso in Rogue One and the prequel novel Catalyst: A Rogue One Novel. As prime designer of the Death Star, Erso supplies information on a critical weakness to the Rebellion, allowing an attack on the seemingly-invulnerable battle station.
Jyn Erso Felicity Jones (Rogue One)[37] Age 8: Beau Gadsdon (Rogue One)
Age 4: Dolly Gadsdon (Rogue One)
Voice: Felicity Jones (Forces of Destiny, season 1), Helen Sadler (Forces of Destiny, season 2) Former criminal who aids the Rebel Alliance in stealing the plans for the Death Star in Rogue One.
Lyra Erso Valene Kane (Rogue One)[37] Mother of Jyn Erso in Rogue One and the prequel novel Catalyst.
EV-9D9 Voice: Richard Marquand (Return of the Jedi) Torture droid working in Jabba the Hutt's palace in Return of the Jedi, that assigns roles for R2-D2 and C-3PO during their brief tenure under Jabba's ownership.[22]
Moralo Eval Voice: Stephen Stanton (The Clone Wars) Separatist Phindian who comes up with a plan to kidnap Chancellor Palpatine.
Doctor Cornelius Evazan Alfie Curtis (A New Hope), Michael Smiley (Rogue One) Character who antagonizes Luke Skywalker and is subsequently attacked with a lightsaber by Obi-Wan Kenobi in the Mos Eisley cantina in A New Hope. He is a human male with a heavily scarred face, accompanied by his Aqualish associate Ponda Baba. He also claims to be a wanted man who has the death sentence on 12 systems.[108] Evazan also bumps into Jyn Erso and threatens her on the streets of Jedha in Rogue One.[109]
F[edit]
Onaconda Farr Voice: Dee Bradley Baker (The Clone Wars) Senator from Rodia initially aligned with the CIS, but later returned to the Republic.
Feral Voice: Dee Bradley Baker (The Clone Wars) Brother of Savage Opress and Darth Maul, with whom Savage lived on Dathomir into adulthood. He is among the Nightbrothers selected by Asajj Ventress as a potential candidate to assassinate Count Dooku, and survives to the final round with his brother. However, after Savage is chosen and both his mind and body are changed by the Nightsisters' magic, he murders Feral on Asajj's orders.
Commander Fil Voice: Dee Bradley Baker (The Clone Wars) Nahdar Vebb's Clone Commander who dies while trying to kill General Grievous' pet Gor.
Finn John Boyega (Episodes VII-IX)
Voice: John Boyega (Forces of Destiny) A redeemed First Order stormtrooper originally designated as FN-2187 before joining the Resistance and being dubbed "Finn" by Poe Dameron.
Kit Fisto Zachariah Jensen and Daniel Zizmor (Attack of the Clones), Ben Cooke (Revenge of the Sith)
Voice: Phil LaMarr (The Clone Wars) Design of Kit Fisto was first developed as a male Sith concept by concept artist Dermot Power. When the alien Sith apprentice idea was abandoned, Power revisited the tentacle-headed alien as a Jedi, with a less malevolent face, yet still with an imposing presence.[110] Fisto appears in Attack of the Clones during the Battle of Geonosis, and is a member of the Jedi High Council in Revenge of the Sith, being one of the four Jedi who die attempting to arrest Palpatine.
Clone Trooper Fives Voice: Dee Bradley Baker (The Clone Wars) Former Arc Trooper and former clone trooper, he is the only survivor of the Domino Squad. He fights alongside Captain Rex in important and clone-based missions. He is the first and only known clone to have discovered Order 66, but he is then killed by Commander Fox, who was sent by Darth Sidious.[30][111]
FN-1824 Daniel Craig (The Force Awakens) First Order stormtrooper assigned to guard Rey, who falls victim to her Jedi mind trick. He is compelled to release her and drop his weapon in The Force Awakens.[112][113]
FN-2003 (a.k.a. "Slip") Pip Andersen (The Force Awakens) First Order stormtrooper that served along with FN-2187 (Finn), leaving his bloody hand print on Finn's helmet during the assault on Tuanul village on Jakku in The Force Awakens. FN-2003 also appears in the 2015 novel Before the Awakening, serving under Captain Phasma, and often falling behind the rest of his team, which leads to his nickname "Slip".[114]
FN-2199 (a.k.a. "Nines") Liang Yang (The Force Awakens)
Voice: David Acord (The Force Awakens) Riot baton-wielding stormtrooper who attacks Finn during the attack on Maz Kanata's castle.[115] He was dubbed "TR-8R" by fans.[115]
Bib Fortuna Michael Carter (Return of the Jedi)[7]
Voice: Erik Bauersfeld (Return of the Jedi)[7] Male Twi'lek from the planet Ryloth who serves as Jabba the Hutt's majordomo in Return of the Jedi and The Phantom Menace. Fortuna interrogates C3-PO and R2-D2 upon their entrance into Jabba's Palace and later falls under the Jedi mind control of Luke Skywalker.[116]
Commander Fox Voice: Dee Bradley Baker (The Clone Wars) Clone commander who was in charge of the Coruscant Guard in Star Wars: The Clone Wars. Fox is killed by Darth Vader in Darth Vader: Dark Lord of the Sith for ordering his men to fire on Vader after mistaking him for a Jedi.
FX-7 Medical droid assistant to 2-1B on Hoth.[22] An FX-7 figure was produced for Kenner's Empire Strikes Back action figure line in 1980.[117]
G[edit]
GA-97 Voice: David Acord (The Force Awakens) Servant droid at the castle of Maz Kanata, aligned with the Resistance, that informs them of the missing BB-8's presence at the castle, allowing them to mobilize their forces.
Adi Gallia Gin Clarke (The Phantom Menace)
Voice: Angelique Perrin (The Clone Wars) Corellian Jedi Master killed by Savage Opress. Has a blue lightsaber in Star Wars: The Clone Wars, and a red or orange lightsaber in media related to The Phantom Menace.
Gardulla the Hutt Voice: Nika Futterman (The Clone Wars) Hutt crime lord who at one point owns Anakin and Shmi Skywalker before losing a podrace bet to Toydarian junk dealer Watto.
Yarna d'al' Gargan Claire Davenport (Return of the Jedi) Askajian dancer from Jabba the Hutt's palace.
Garindan (a.k.a. Long Snoot) Sadie Eden (A New Hope) Kubaz who leads Imperial stormtroopers to the Millennium Falcon.[118]
Gasgano Xexto podracer who participates in the Boonta Eve Classic podrace in The Phantom Menace, coming in second place behind Anakin Skywalker.[119]
Saw Gerrera Forest Whitaker (Rogue One)[37]
Voice: Andrew Kishino (The Clone Wars), Forest Whitaker (Rebels) Veteran of the Clone Wars;[120] in later life he leads a band of rebel extremists against the Galactic Empire.
Gonk droid (a.k.a. GNK power droid) Rusty Goffe, Latin Lahr, Jack Purvis, Kenny Baker, Kiran Shah, Raymond Griffiths, Arti Shah, Ivan Manzella
Voice: Ben Burtt Boxy, rectangular-shaped droid that walks very slowly. It is literally a bipedal, walking power generator. After appearing in the Jawa's sandcrawler in the original 1977 Star Wars film,[22] a "Power Droid" figure was produced for Kenner's Star Wars action figure line in 1978.[121] A Gonk droid is also featured in the "Blood Sisters" episode of Rebels, and Rogue One.[122]
Commander Gree Voice: Temuera Morrison (Revenge of the Sith), Dee Bradley Baker (The Clone Wars) Clone commander who is killed by Yoda in Revenge of the Sith after Emperor Palpatine orders him to "Execute Order 66". He serves under Jedi master Luminara Unduli in the Clone Wars.
Greedo Paul Blake and Maria de Aragon (A New Hope)[7]
Voice: Larry Ward (A New Hope),[7] Tom Kenny (The Clone Wars)[7] Rodian bounty hunter who serves Jabba the Hutt. Shot and killed by Han Solo at the Mos Eisley cantina in A New Hope.[123]
Janus Greejatus Member of the Imperial Ruling Council and one of Emperor Palpatine's advisors, he is with the Emperor on the second Death Star when it is destroyed over the forest moon of Endor in Return of the Jedi.[34]
Captain Gregor Voice: Dee Bradley Baker (The Clone Wars and Rebels) Republic Commando thought to have died in the Battle of Sarrish. Stricken with amnesia and living on Abafar, he is later told by Colonel Meebur Gascon that he is a clone trooper. Gregor helps the Colonel and his droids to get off Abafar to save many Republic lives, seemingly perishing once more in the process. However, following the Clone Wars he ends up in the Seelos system with fellow retired clones Rex and Wolffe, and is shown to have developed some eccentric tendencies. He aids a group of rebels against Imperial forces in a skirmish at that planet, and later takes part in a battle to free the planet Lothal from Imperial occupation, though he is fatally wounded by an Imperial technician during the battle.
General Grievous Voice: Matthew Wood (Revenge of the Sith and The Clone Wars) Cyborg supreme commander of the Separatist droid armies, killed by Obi-Wan Kenobi in Revenge of the Sith.[124] A Kaleesh by birth, he hunts Jedi and collects their lightsabers as trophies. Grievous makes many major appearances in The Clone Wars.
Grummgar Large Dowutin male, seen with mercenary Bazine Netal in the castle of Maz Kanata on Takodana in The Force Awakens. Grummgar's backstory as a big game hunter and mercenary is explored in the Alan Dean Foster short story "Bait", from Star Wars Insider.[125]
Gungi Wookiee youngling who was among the youngest to pass the Gathering. Gungi uses a wooden lightsaber with a green crystal.
Nute Gunray Silas Carson (Episodes I–III)
Voice: Tom Kenny (The Clone Wars) Neimoidian Viceroy of the Trade Federation. After he is captured by Padmé Amidala and her forces in The Phantom Menace, he becomes her enemy. Gunray appears in Attack of the Clones as a high-ranking member of the Separatist Alliance. In Revenge of the Sith, after the death of Count Dooku, Gunray and the other leaders of the Separatist Council are sent to the volcanic planet Mustafar for safety. Later, Darth Vader, the new apprentice of Darth Sidious, arrives and kills the Separatist leaders there, including Gunray.[126]
Mars Guo Bardottan podracer whose large racer is sabotaged and destroyed by Sebulba in the Boonta Eve Classic podrace in The Phantom Menace.
H[edit]
Rune Haako Jerome Blake (The Phantom Menace), Alan Ruscoe (Attack of the Clones), Sandy Thompson (Revenge of the Sith)
Voice: James Taylor (The Phantom Menace), Chris Truswell (Attack of the Clones) Neimoidian second-in-command to Nute Gunray and Settlement Officer of the Trade Federation. He is killed by Darth Vader in Revenge of the Sith. [127]
Hardcase Voice: Dee Bradley Baker (The Clone Wars) Hardcase is a mentally unstable Clone Trooper. Hardcase participated in the search for General Grievous on Saleucami. Hardcase also participated in the Umbara Campaign, sacrificing his life to destroy a droid supply trip.
Rako Hardeen Voice: James Arnold Taylor (The Clone Wars) Bounty hunter hired to kill Obi-Wan Kenobi during the Clone Wars. He is eventually captured by Kenobi, who then assumes his identity in order to uncover a plot to kidnap Chancellor Palpatine.
Gideon Hask Voice: Paul Blackthorne (Star Wars Battlefront II) Second-in-command of Inferno Squad. Also appears in the book Star Wars Battlefront II: Inferno Squad.
Hevy Voice: Dee Bradley Baker (The Clone Wars)[29] Bold clone who sacrifices himself to save a base on Kamino during the Clone Wars and works with Domino Squad. His nickname is acquired by the fact that he is the one in the squad who carries the heavy guns.[30]
San Hill Voice: Chris Truswell (Attack of the Clones) Muun Chairman of the Intergalactic Banking Clan. He is one of the Separatist leaders killed by Darth Vader on Mustafar in Revenge of the Sith.[128]
Clegg Holdfast Nosaurian podracer and journalist who participates in the Boonta Eve Classic podrace in The Phantom Menace.[129]
Vice Admiral Amilyn Holdo Laura Dern (The Last Jedi) Longtime friend and protégée of Leia Organa, and Vice Admiral of Organa's Resistance against the First Order. In The Last Jedi, Holdo takes command of the Resistance after General Organa is incapacitated, and orders the evacuation to the planet Crait. She then sacrifices herself, jumping to light speed in the Resistance Star Cruiser Raddus straight into the First Order's Mega-class Star Dreadnought Supremacy, destroying the former and severely crippling the latter. Holdo's early friendship with a teenage Leia is explored in the 2017 Claudia Gray novel Leia, Princess of Alderaan.[130]
Tey How Voice: Amanda Lucas and Marc Silk (The Phantom Menace) Female Neimoidian that serves as both pilot and communications officer on the Trade Federation ship, Saak'ak, in The Phantom Menace. She is aboard the ship when the young Anakin Skywalker destroys it.
Huyang Voice: David Tennant (The Clone Wars) Architect droid in the service of the Jedi Order. He was stationed on board the Jedi training cruiser Crucible, where he assisted Jedi initiates in constructing their lightsabers. His voice actor, David Tennant, won an Emmy Award for this role.
Armitage Hux Domhnall Gleeson (Episodes VII-IX) General of the First Order who presides over Starkiller Base under Supreme Leader Snoke in The Force Awakens. In The Last Jedi, Hux commands the fleet chasing down the Resistance, first to the irritation and then to the approval of Snoke.
Brendol Hux N/A Commandant of the Galactic Empire and later General in the First Order who institutes the policy of raising stormtroopers from birth, inspired by the clone troopers of the Old Republic and the Jedi. Father of General Armitage Hux. He appears in the 2017 novel Phasma.
I[edit]
IG-88 Voice: Matthew Wood (Forces of Destiny) Bounty hunter and assassin droid introduced in The Empire Strikes Back, summoned aboard the Executor by Darth Vader in his search for the Millennium Falcon.[22] IG-88 also appears in the Forces of Destiny animated series, attempting to capture Leia Organa and Sabine Wren. In the Legends continuity, there are four IG-88 assassin droids created for Project Phlutdroid by Holowan Laboratories, designated A, B, C and D. IG-88B and C are destroyed by Boba Fett shortly after Vader's bounty on the Millennium Falcon, while D was destroyed by Legends character Dash Rendar on Ord Mantell.[131] The last surviving model, IG-88A, uploads his consciousness into the second Death Star in an attempt to take over all droids in the galaxy, just prior to the Battle of Endor.[132] Ralph McQuarrie's production sketches show a sleeker design than the droid that appears in The Empire Strikes Back and were later used as the model for the IG-RM Thug droids in Star Wars Rebels.[133] The term "IG-88" is not the original name for the character, as the Empire Strikes Back script calls the character a "chrome war droid", and during production it was called "Phlutdroid". The production puppet consisted of recycled props from A New Hope, including the Mos Eisley cantina drink dispenser as IG-88's head.[69]
Chirrut Îmwe Donnie Yen (Rogue One)[37] Blind warrior who believes in the Force and is said to be one of the Guardians of the Whills. He aids the Rebel Alliance in stealing the plans for the Death Star in Rogue One.
Inquisitors (Inquisitorius) Various Organization of Force-sensitives who serve Emperor Palpatine and Darth Vader by hunting down surviving Jedi and others with Force potential.
Grand Inquisitor Voice: Jason Isaacs (Rebels) A Pau'an Force wielder and former Jedi Temple Guard who becomes the highest-ranking Inquisitor, and who is tasked (along with his subordinates) with hunting down Force-sensitive children and preventing them from becoming Jedi. He is later assigned to hunt down Kanan Jarrus and Ezra Bridger, but is eventually defeated by Kanan in combat and chooses to commit suicide rather than face the infamous wrath of Darth Vader for his failure.
Inquisitor: Fifth Brother Voice: Philip Anthony-Rodriguez (Rebels) The second Inquisitor introduced in Rebels and a member of an unknown humanoid species, he is dispatched to hunt down the crew of the Ghost after the death of the Grand Inquisitor. He works closely with the Seventh Sister. He is disarmed by Ahsoka Tano and then dies on Malachor at the hands of Darth Maul.
Inquisitor: Sixth Brother N/A An Inquisitor of an unknown species who appears only in the novel Ahsoka. He was described as tall with unnatural-looking grey skin, piercing ice-blue eyes, broad shoulders, and distinctive scar/tattoo-like markings. He attempts to hunt down and kill Ahsoka Tano, but is defeated when she causes his lightsaber to overload and explode, killing him.
Inquisitor: Seventh Sister Voice: Sarah Michelle Gellar (Rebels) The first introduced female Inquisitor and a Mirialan. She employs mini probe droids in battle and works alongside the Fifth Brother. She is ultimately killed by Darth Maul on Malachor.
Inquisitor: Eighth Brother Voice: Robert Daymond Howard (Rebels) A masked Terellian Jango Jumper Inquisitor who is dispatched to hunt down Maul, eventually tracking him to Malachor. After battling Maul, Kanan Jarrus, Ezra Bridger, and Ahsoka Tano, he falls to his death after attempting to fly with a damaged Inquisitorial lightsaber.
Sidon Ithano Cavin Cornwall (The Force Awakens) Delphidian pirate, with a distinctive red Kaleesh mask. In The Force Awakens, he is seen in Maz Kanata's castle when Finn tries to buy passage to the Outer Rim from Ithano and his cohort Quiggold. Ithano's backstory is expanded upon in the short story "The Crimson Corsair and the Lost Treasure of Count Dooku".[57]
J[edit]
Queen Jamillia Ayesha Dharker (Attack of the Clones) Queen of Naboo succeeding Padmé Amidala.[134]
Wes Janson Ian Liston (The Empire Strikes Back) Fighter pilot and founding member of the elite Rogue Squadron, who is featured during one scene in The Empire Strikes Back as the gunner for Wedge Antilles' T-47 airspeeder.
Kanan Jarrus Voice: Freddie Prinze Jr. (Rebels) De facto leader of the Ghost crew, Jedi and master of Ezra Bridger and apprentice to Depa Billaba. He carries a DL-18 blaster and a blue lightsaber that can be detached. He is uncertain of himself in training his padawan Ezra Bridger, as even he still has things to learn. His real name is Caleb Dume.
Jaxxon N/A A green, rabbit-like Lepi smuggler who appeared on a 2015 variant cover for the current Star Wars comic series,[135] and who is also scheduled to appear in the Star Wars Adventures comic series.[136] Jaxxon was previously featured in the "Star-Hoppers of Aduba 3" storylines in the 1970s Star Wars comics series by Marvel Comics,[137] and is often cited as a controversial and cartoon-like addition to the Star Wars expanded universe.[138]
Greeata Jendowanian Celia Fushille (Return of the Jedi) Rodian backup singer and dancer for the Max Rebo Band in the Special Edition of Return of the Jedi.
Moff Tiaan Jerjerrod Michael Pennington (Return of the Jedi) The commanding officer of the second Death Star and the most prominent Imperial Officer featured in Return of the Jedi, Jerjerrod is tasked by Darth Vader to hurry the completion of the second Death Star and warned that the Emperor is not as forgiving as Vader.[139]
Commander Jet Voice: Dee Bradley Baker (The Clone Wars) Clone Commander of Ki-Adi-Mundi in The Clone Wars.
Dexter Jettster Voice: Ronald Falk (Attack of the Clones) Multi-armed Besalisk owner of Dex's Diner and old friend of Obi-Wan Kenobi, showed wisdom of the planet Kamino and of a poison dart originating from there to Kenobi in Attack of the Clones.[140] Often cited as one of the more unpopular characters from the prequel trilogy, due to the seemingly out-of-universe 50's diner setting that he appears in.[141]
Qui-Gon Jinn Liam Neeson (The Phantom Menace)
Voice: Liam Neeson (Attack of the Clones and The Clone Wars) Jedi Master trained by Count Dooku who himself trains Obi-Wan Kenobi. He finds Anakin Skywalker on Tatooine and vows to train him, but is killed by Darth Maul.[142]
Jira Margaret Towner (The Phantom Menace) Elderly human female and friend of Anakin Skywalker in his youth on Tatooine. An additional scene of Jira saying goodbye to Anakin was filmed, but ultimately cut from The Phantom Menace.[143]
Jubnuk Simon Williamson (Return of the Jedi) One of Jabba the Hutt's Gamorrean guards who is eaten alive by the Rancor.
K[edit]
K-2SO Alan Tudyk (Rogue One and Untitled Cassian Series)[37] Imperial security droid stolen and reprogrammed by the Alliance in Rogue One. His appearance makes him useful when infiltrating Imperial installations and outposts, but as a result of his reprogramming, he has a tendency to speak his thoughts bluntly and tactlessly.[22] He is destroyed by stormtroopers protecting Jyn Erso and Cassian Andor during the Rebel Alliance's raid on the Imperial data storage facility at Scarif.
Tee Watt Kaa Voice: George Coe (The Clone Wars) Lurmen elder who leads his people away from their war-torn homeworld, eventually landing on Maridun during the Clone Wars. He is extremely devoted to the traditions of his people and a strict pacifist. Kaa cares greatly for such ideals, and firmly believes the Republic is no better than the Separatists because the two are equally responsible for the war.
General Kalani Voice: Gregg Berger (The Clone Wars and Rebels) A Separatist tactical droid who served in the Clone Wars. He led his forces to take over and occupy the planet Onderon. His forces clashed with a band of rebels trained by some Jedi and led by Saw Gerrera to free the planet from Separatist control. Unable to thwart the uprising, Kalani and the remnants of his forces evacuated to the planet of Agamar. He and his troops managed to survive and hide there, resisting a shutdown order issued to the entire droid army after the Clone Wars ended. Kalani later encountered a few Republic veterans and some members of the Rebel Alliance who visited the planet for battle supplies, and after a fight with them, ultimately chose to help them fend off the oppressive Galactic Empire. However, he declined to join the rebellion because he believes the odds of their cause seemed too great.
Agent Kallus Voice: David Oyelowo (Rebels) Imperial who is a member of the Imperial Security Bureau in Rebels. He initially led efforts to suppress an uprising on the planet Lothal and combat the newly formed Rebel Alliance, but after a chance encounter with Zeb Orrelios, a Lasat who became his nemesis after Kallus used weapons to wipe out much of his kind, leaves both of them stranded on a remote planet, he reconsiders his loyalty to the Empire. Kallus eventually defects to the Rebellion, becoming one of their Fulcrum agents by the time Thrawn was promoted to Grand Admiral. Kallus served the Rebellion and befriended Zeb as he assisted the rebels on Lothal in defeating Thrawn.
Harter Kalonia Harriet Walter (The Force Awakens) Doctor for the New Republic and later the Resistance, Harter can be seen tending to the wounds of Chewbacca after the Battle of Takodana in The Force Awakens.
Maz Kanata Lupita Nyong'o (Episodes VII-IX)
Voice: Lupita Nyong'o (Forces of Destiny) Ancient female space pirate introduced in The Force Awakens. The character was created using motion capture and computer-generated imagery.
Colonel Kaplan Pip Torrens (The Force Awakens) Kaplan serves with the First Order on the Resurgent-class Star Destroyer Finalizer, and is alerted to the attempted escape of prisoner Poe Dameron in The Force Awakens.
Karbin N/A Cybernetically enhanced Mon Calamari, given similar abilities to General Grievous, working under Dr. Cylo as a possible replacement for Darth Vader; first appearing in the Star Wars: Darth Vader Marvel comic book series.[82]
Karina the Great Voice: Dee Bradley Baker (The Clone Wars) Queen of Geonosis during the Clone Wars.
Alton Kastle Voice: Steve Blum (Rebels) A journalist and broadcaster on HoloNet News.
King Katuunko Voice: Brian George (The Clone Wars) Toydarian monarch who aids the Republic during the Clone Wars, he is killed by Savage Opress after the Battle of Sullust.
Coleman Kcaj Ongree Jedi Master on the Jedi High Council in Revenge of the Sith.
Obi-Wan Kenobi Alec Guinness (Episodes IV–VI),[7] Ewan McGregor (Episodes I–III)[7]
Voice: James Arnold Taylor (The Clone Wars and Rebels young),[7] Stephen Stanton (Rebels old) Wise and skilled Jedi Master who trains Anakin and later Luke Skywalker. A member of the Jedi Council and one of the survivors of the Great Jedi Purge, Obi-Wan is also a Jedi General during the Clone Wars. He kills General Grievous and defeated Darth Maul, and his master is Qui-Gon Jinn, who is killed by Maul. Obi-Wan is slain In A New Hope by his former apprentice Anakin, who had become Darth Vader.[144] Guinness' and McGregor's voices as Obi-Wan can be heard in The Force Awakens during a vision sequence featuring the character Rey.[145]
Ki-Adi-Mundi Silas Carson (Episodes I–III)
Voice: Brian George (The Clone Wars) Cerean Jedi Master and Jedi Council member in the prequel trilogy.[146] He is one of the leaders of the Jedi strike force sent to rescue Obi-Wan Kenobi, Anakin Skywalker, and Padmé Amidala on Geonosis. He is killed on Mygeeto during Order 66 by Commander Bacara and his clone troopers.
Klaatu John Simpkin (Return of the Jedi) Green Nikto employed as one of Jabba the Hutt's skiff guards in Return of the Jedi.[147] Two action figures of Klaatu were released in Kenner's original Star Wars action figure line; one regular version and another in 'Skiff Guard' attire.[148]
Klik-Klak Voice: Matthew Wood (Rebels) The lone surviving male Geonosian of an Imperial genocide of the Geonosians following the completion of the first Death Star, Klik-Klak sets up a defense using old Separatist battle droids and droidekas to defend both himself, and the lone surviving Geonosian queen egg he defended, to ensure his species' survival - his encounter with the Ghost crew and Saw Gerrera (who was already on the planet) within Geonosis' underground tunnels, nearly ends in tragedy but Ezra Bridger manages to befriend Klik-Klak, with the Spectres discovering evidence of the Empire's genocide of the Geonosians, despite the Spectres narrowly escaping capture by the Empire.[149]
Derek "Hobbie" Klivian Richard Oldfield (The Empire Strikes Back)
Voice: Trevor Devall (Rebels) Rogue Squadron pilot in The Empire Strikes Back.[150]
Agen Kolar Tux Akindoyeni (Attack of the Clones and Revenge of the Sith) Zabrak Jedi Master who wields a green lightsaber in Attack of the Clones and a blue one in Revenge of the Sith, where he is on the Jedi High Council until killed by Darth Sidious. Also appears in The Clone Wars.
Plo Koon Alan Ruscoe (The Phantom Menace), Matt Sloan (Attack of the Clones and Revenge of the Sith)
Voice: James Arnold Taylor (The Clone Wars) Kel Dor Jedi Master and Jedi Council member in the prequel trilogy. He discovers Togruta padawan Ahsoka Tano and participates in many battles during the Clone Wars. In Revenge of the Sith, his ship is shot down at Cato Neimoidia by his own military escort (a squadron of ARC-170 starfighters led by Captain Jag) immediately after they receive Order 66.
Eeth Koth Hassani Shapi (The Phantom Menace)
Voice: Chris Edgerly (The Clone Wars) Zabrak Jedi Council member in The Phantom Menace and Attack of the Clones. Koth also makes several appearances in The Clone Wars series.
Sergeant Kreel N/A Imperial Stormtrooper in the 501st Legion; operated undercover as the "Gamemaster" on the planet Nar Shaddaa, and then as commander of the SCAR trooper squadron. First appearing in the Star Wars Marvel comic book series.[151]
Pong Krell Voice: Dave Fennoy (The Clone Wars) Besalisk Jedi who serves as a temporary commander of the 501st Legion at the Battle of Umbara during the Clone Wars. He hates clones and has secret aspirations to be Count Dooku's new apprentice, but is killed by Trooper Dogma after his treachery becomes known.
Orson Krennic Ben Mendelsohn (Rogue One)[37] Director of Advanced Weapons Research for the Imperial military in Rogue One. In the novel Catalyst, it is revealed he was a longtime colleague of Galen Erso.
Black Krrsantan N/A A Wookiee bounty hunter first featured in the Marvel comic series Star Wars: Darth Vader and currently featured in the ongoing Doctor Aphra series.[152]
Bo-Katan Kryze Voice: Katee Sackhoff (The Clone Wars and Rebels) Female Mandalorian and member of the Death Watch, second-in-command to Pre Vizsla and sister to the Death Watch's political enemy, Duchess Satine. She opposes Vizsla's alliance with Darth Maul and Savage Opress, and later leads members of the Death Watch loyal to her against those who remain loyal to Maul and his criminal allies.
Satine Kryze Voice: Anna Graves (The Clone Wars) Duchess of Mandalore who wants to keep the planet out of the Clone Wars. She forms and leads the Council of Neutral Systems, much to the disgust of the Mandalorian Death Watch under Pre Vizsla. The Death Watch makes multiple attempts to eliminate Satine and reclaim Mandalore, only to be thwarted by the Jedi, particularly Satine's old friend Obi-Wan Kenobi. Kenobi had previously protected Satine in her youth, and the two had become quite close, with Obi-Wan claiming that he would have left the Jedi Order had Satine asked. Satine later watched her world fall to the Shadow Collective, which includes the Death Watch, under Darth Maul, who later murders her in front of a captured Obi-Wan.
Conder Kyl N/A Chandrilan splicer and love interest of Sinjir Rath Velus in Aftermath: Life Debt and Aftermath: Empire's End.
Thane Kyrell N/A Human male graduate from the Royal Imperial Academy on Coruscant, who later joins the Rebel Alliance in the novel Star Wars: Lost Stars.[153]
L[edit]
L3-37 Phoebe Waller-Bridge (Solo: A Star Wars Story) Trusted right-hand female pilot droid of Lando Calrissian, and the original co-pilot of the Millennium Falcon, L3-37 is a no-nonsense robot revolutionary who frees the droids in the spice mines of Kessel. On one occasion, when Lando asks if she needs anything from outside the cockpit, she quips "equal rights".[154]
L'ulo L'ampar N/A Duros pilot for the Rebel Alliance, featured in the Marvel Comics series Shattered Empire and Poe Dameron.[155]
Cut Lawquane Voice: Dee Bradley Baker (The Clone Wars)[29] Disillusioned clone trooper who deserts the service to live a quiet life as a farmer. He has a wife Suu and children, Jek and Shaeeah, but cannot quite escape the Clone Wars.[30][156]
Tasu Leech Yayan Ruhian (The Force Awakens) The leader of the Kanjiklub. In The Force Awakens, Leech confronts Han Solo aboard his freighter the Eravana, in conjunction with Bala-Tik from the Guavian Death Gang, after both gangs are swindled by Solo.
Xamuel Lennox John Dicks (The Empire Strikes Back) Imperial navy captain who serves in Darth Vader's Death Squadron as captain of the Star Destroyer Tyrant.
Tallissan "Tallie" Lintra Hermione Corfield (The Last Jedi) Resistance A-wing pilot and leader of Blue Squadron during the Evacuation of D'Qar in The Last Jedi.
Slowen Lo Joseph Gordon-Levitt (The Last Jedi) Male Abednedo residing in Canto Bight in The Last Jedi. Lo warns Rose Tico and Finn that they had illegally parked their ship on Canto Bight beach, and informs the Canto Bight Police of their indiscretion.
Lobot John Hollis (The Empire Strikes Back) Lando Calrissian's cyborg aide in The Empire Strikes Back. He has a cybernetic implant that allows him to interface directly with Cloud City's central computer.[157]
Logray Mike Edmonds (Return of the Jedi) Ewok medicine man in Return of the Jedi.[78]
Lumat Ewok in Return of the Jedi, released as an action figure in the original Kenner Star Wars line. Lumat also appears in several, now non-canon, Ewoks cartoon episodes and related media.[158]
M[edit]
General Crix Madine Dermot Crowley (Return of the Jedi) Mastermind of the Rebel plan to destroy the shield generator for the second Death Star.[159]
Shu Mai Voice: Chris Truswell (Attack of the Clones) President of the Commerce Guild and member of the Separatist Council. She is killed by Darth Vader on Mustafar along with the rest of the Separatist Council in Revenge of the Sith.
Malakili ("Rancor Keeper") Paul Brooke (Return of the Jedi) Rancor keeper at Jabba the Hutt's palace on Tattooine in Return of the Jedi. He also appears in the novels Aftermath: Life Debt and Aftermath: Empire's End. Malakili was originally dubbed "Rancor Keeper" in Kenner's Star Wars action figure line in 1984.[160]
Baze Malbus Jiang Wen (Rogue One)[1] A mercenary and friend of Chirrut Îmwe who aids the Rebel Alliance in stealing the plans for the Death Star in Rogue One.
Ody Mandrell Voice: Matthew Wood (The Phantom Menace) Er'Kit podracer who participates in the Boonta Eve Classic podrace in The Phantom Menace.
Darth Maul Ray Park (The Phantom Menace and Solo: A Star Wars Story)
Voice: Peter Serafinowicz (The Phantom Menace), Sam Witwer (The Clone Wars, Rebels and Solo: A Star Wars Story) Mother Talzin's son and the apprentice of Darth Sidious in The Phantom Menace who kills Qui-Gon Jinn but is defeated by Obi-Wan Kenobi. He later returns during the Clone Wars with his brother, Savage Opress, to get revenge on Obi-Wan. After losing to a duel with his former master, Darth Sidious (and seeing his brother get killed), Maul is captured, and although he escapes, he soon witnesses the collapse of his group, the Shadow Collective, and the death of his mother. Forced to flee, he is left in exile on the planet Malachor for many years, until he meets the young Jedi, Ezra Bridger, whom he attempts to drift to the dark side. Although he fails, Maul is able to escape aboard a TIE fighter;[161] he later returns in the third season looking to locate the long absent Obi-Wan Kenobi. He is finally killed by his old enemy on Tatooine in the episode "Twin Suns".
Saelt-Marae ("Yak Face") Sean Crawford (Return of the Jedi) A Yarkora seen in the background at Jabba's the Hutt's palace in the film Return of the Jedi.[162] Known as "Yak Face" this character was the final action figure created for Kenner's original Star Wars action figure line, and was never released in the United States.[163]
Mawhonic Gran podracer at the Boonta Eve Classic in The Phantom Menace.
Droopy McCool Deep Roy (Return of the Jedi) Flute playing Kitonak member of the Max Rebo Band, seen in Jabba's Palace in Return of the Jedi.[164]
Pharl McQuarrie Ralph McQuarrie (The Empire Strikes Back) Alliance general that appears in The Empire Strikes Back.
ME-8D9 An "ancient protocol droid of unknown manufacture" that resides and works as a translator at Maz Kanata's castle on Takodana in The Force Awakens (2015).[165]
Lyn Me Dalyn Chew (Return of the Jedi) Twi'lek backup singer and dancer for the Max Rebo Band in the Special Edition of Return of the Jedi.
Tion Medon Bruce Spence (Revenge of the Sith) Local administrator on Utapau in Revenge of the Sith.[166]
Del Meeko Voice: TJ Ramini (Star Wars Battlefront II) A member of Inferno Squad. Also appears in the book Star Wars Battlefront II: Inferno Squad.
Aks Moe Mark Coulier (The Phantom Menace)
Voice: Marc Silk (The Phantom Menace) Gran serving in the Galactic Senate in The Phantom Menace. Aks Moe supports an investigation into the Trade Federation's invasion of Naboo, as claimed by Queen Amidala.
Sly Moore Sandi Findlay (Attack of the Clones and Revenge of the Sith) One of Palpatine's personal aides.[167]
Morley Voice: Ben Diskin (The Clone Wars) Snake-like Anacondan that helps Darth Maul survive on the junk world of Lotho Minor. He leads Savage Opress to his long lost brother.
Moff Delian Mors N/A Imperial officer introduced in Star Wars: Lords of the Sith.[168] She is a lesbian whom New York Daily News noted is the first openly gay character in the new Star Wars canon.[168][169][170]
Mon Mothma Caroline Blakiston (Return of the Jedi),[7] Genevieve O'Reilly (Revenge of the Sith and Rogue One)[1]
Voice: Kath Soucie (The Clone Wars),[7] Genevieve O'Reilly (Rebels)[171] Republic senator; later, co-founder and leader of the Rebel Alliance.[172] Later serves as Chancellor of the New Republic and is a major influence in relocating the galactic capital from Coruscant to Hosnian Prime following the defeat of the Empire.[173]
Admiral Conan Antonio Motti Richard LeParmentier (A New Hope)[174] Officer aboard the Death Star so overconfident in its power that he scoffs at Darth Vader's faith in the Force, and is then almost choked to death by Vader.[175]
N[edit]
Momaw Nadon ("Hammerhead") Jon Berg and Phil Tippett (puppeteers) (A New Hope) Ithorian seen in the Mos Eisley cantina in A New Hope.[176] Named "Hammerhead" during the Kenner action figure runs of the 1970s and 1980s.[177]
Boss Rugor Nass Voice: Brian Blessed (The Phantom Menace) Gungan leader in The Phantom Menace who attends Padmé Amidala's funeral in Revenge of the Sith.[178]
Captain Lorth Needa Michael Culver (The Empire Strikes Back) Captain of the Imperial II-class Star Destroyer Avenger, killed by Darth Vader for failing to capture the Millennium Falcon in The Empire Strikes Back.[179]
Queen Neeyutnee Voice: Jameelah McMillan (The Clone Wars) Ruler of Naboo during the Clone Wars, succeeding Queen Jamillia.
Enfys Nest Erin Kellyman (Solo: A Star Wars Story) The leader of a gang of pirates called Cloud Riders, who are revealed to be supporters of the nascent Rebel Alliance.
Bazine Netal Anna Brewster (The Force Awakens)[180] Bounty hunter and First Order spy who reports the arrival of Han Solo at Maz Kanata's castle in The Force Awakens.[181] The character is also the focus of the 2015 short story "Star Wars: The Perfect Weapon" by Delilah S. Dawson.[182]
Niima the Hutt N/A First appearing in Star Wars: Aftermath: Empire's End (2017), Niima is a Hutt crime lord based on the desert planet Jakku who controls her people by controlling their resources.[183] The Star Wars: The Force Awakens: The Visual Dictionary (2015) and Star Wars: Rey's Survival Guide (2016) note that the Niima Outpost on Jakku is named after her.
Jocasta Nu Alethea McGrath (Attack of the Clones)
Voice: Flo DiRe (The Clone Wars) Jedi librarian killed by Darth Vader during Order 66.
Po Nudo Paul James Nicholson (Revenge of the Sith) Aqualish Senator who became a member of the Separatist Council, representing the Hyper-Communications Cartel. He is killed along with the rest of the Separatist Council by Darth Vader on Mustafar in Revenge of the Sith.
Nien Nunb Richard Bonehill and Mike Quinn (puppeteer) (Episodes VI-VIII)
Voice: Kipsang Rotich (Return of the Jedi and The Force Awakens) Sullustan smuggler and Lando Calrissian's co-pilot on the Millennium Falcon during the Battle of Endor against the second Death Star in Return of the Jedi.[184] He returns in The Force Awakens as a member of Poe Dameron's X-wing Squadron. Nunb also appears with the Resistance in The Last Jedi, surviving the siege of D'Qar and escaping on the Millennium Falcon after the Battle of Crait.
O[edit]
Has Obbit N/A Dressellian smuggler in various associations with Galen and Lyra Erso, Orson Krennic and Moff Tarkin in Catalyst: A Rogue One Novel. Jyn Erso later names her toy doll "Lucky Hazz Obloobitt" after Has.[185][186]
Barriss Offee Nalini Krishan (Attack of the Clones)
Voice: Meredith Salenger (The Clone Wars) Jedi apprentice of Luminara Unduli and a close friend of Ahsoka Tano. She later betrays Ahsoka and orchestrates a terrorist bombing after she becomes disillusioned with the Jedi Order's wartime policies. Offee is eventually caught and imprisoned.[187]
Hondo Ohnaka Voice: Jim Cummings (The Clone Wars, Rebels and Forces of Destiny) Weequay leader of the space pirates known as the Ohnaka Gang which kidnaps, and attempts to ransom, Obi-Wan Kenobi, Anakin Skywalker, Count Dooku—and later Ahsoka Tano—to the highest bidder during the Clone Wars. He follows a code of honor and respects the Jedi, but is not above using sneaky tactics and treachery if it is for "good business". Years after the Clone Wars, despite losing his crew to the Galactic Empire, Hondo continues his criminal activities while having dealings with the Rebellion crew of the Ghost.[188]
Ric Olié Ralph Brown (The Phantom Menace) Pilots the queen's ship while escaping Naboo and an N-1 starfighter as leader of Bravo Squadron in The Phantom Menace.[189]
Omi N/A The Dianoga in one of the Death Star's garbage mashers in A New Hope; also referred to as the "trash monster" by fans.[190][191] The short story "The Baptist" in the anthology From a Certain Point of View reveals that Dianogas are sentient cephalopods, with Omi in particular being Force sensitive.[192]
Ketsu Onyo Voice: Gina Torres (Rebels and Forces of Destiny) Mandalorian bounty hunter and former estranged friend of Sabine Wren. After she and Sabine reconcile, Ketsu aids the Rebel Alliance.
Oola Femi Taylor (Return of the Jedi) Young Twi'lek dancer enslaved by Jabba the Hutt and chained to his throne; she is killed by Jabba's rancor.[193] The character's appearance features a very brief, and probably accidental, instance of nudity.[194] New scenes featuring the character were filmed for the Special Edition of Return of the Jedi.[195][196]
OOM-9 Command battle droid that led the Trade Federation's droid army during the invasion of Naboo in The Phantom Menace.
Savage Opress Voice: Clancy Brown (The Clone Wars) Zabrak warrior of the Nightbrother clan on the planet Dathomir. He is hand picked by Asajj Ventress as part of her scheme to kill Count Dooku for the attempt on her life and is altered by the Nightsisters, becoming more of a berserker on Ventress' call to the point of killing Feral without remorse, Opress manages to become Dooku's new apprentice and learns only a bit in the ways of the Sith before Ventress has him help her fight Dooku, due to his actions under him getting unwanted attention from the Jedi. However, in the heat of the moment and provoked by both of them, Opress tries to kill both Dooku and Ventress before escaping the Jedi and instructed by Mother Talzin to find Maul so he can complete his training to defend himself against the numerous enemies he has made. Finding Maul a shell of his former self on a junk planet, Opress manages to stir up his fellow nightbrother's grudge with Obi-Wan to aid him in his revenge against the Jedi. Later killed by Darth Sidious on Mandalore.
Garazeb "Zeb" Orrelios Voice: Steve Blum (Rebels) Former Captain of the Lasat high honor guard who rose up against the Empire which led to the near-extinction of his people. He is the muscle of the Ghost crew on Star Wars Rebels as well as a member of the Rebel Alliance along with the rest of the Ghost crew..
Orrimaarko ("Prune Face") Colin Hunt Dressellian member of the Rebel Alliance. He appears in Return of the Jedi attending the meeting on board the Home One star cruiser, just prior to the Battle of Endor. He is also seen boarding the stolen Imperial shuttle Tydirium en route to the Moon of Endor, where he later participates in the Ewok village celebration after the destruction of the second Death Star. Orrimaarko was originally dubbed "Prune Face" in Kenner's Star Wars action figure line in 1984.[197] "Prune Face" was also featured in a stop-motion sketch comedy segment on the Robot Chicken: Star Wars Episode III special in 2010.
Admiral Kendal Ozzel Michael Sheard (The Empire Strikes Back) Initial commander of Darth Vader's Super Star Destroyer Executor in The Empire Strikes Back.[198] Vader kills Ozzel for his incompetence. George Lucas remarked that Sheard produced "the best screen death" he had ever seen.[199]
Odd Ball Temuera Morrison (Revenge of the Sith)
Voice: Dee Bradley Baker (The Clone Wars) CC-2237, known as Odd Ball is a clone trooper commander and pilot during the Clone Wars who participates in campaigns such as the Battle of Teth, the Battle of Umbara, the Battle of Coruscant, and the Battle of Utapau. A skilled pilot, Odd Ball flies an assortment of starfighters, including the V-19 Torrent and the ARC-170. During the Clone Wars, Odd Ball sometimes serves under the command of Jedi General Obi-Wan Kenobi.
P[edit]
Pablo-Jill Unknown (Attack of the Clones) Ongree Jedi Knight from Attack of the Clones, present at the Battle of Geonosis, where he wields a blue lightsaber.[200]
Teemto Pagalies Veknoid podracer competing in the Boonta Eve Classic podrace in The Phantom Menace, whose podracer is shot down by Tusken Raiders.[201]
Jessika "Jess" Testor Pava Jessica Henwick (The Force Awakens) A Resistance X-wing pilot introduced in The Force Awakens. She is shown to idolize Luke Skywalker in the spin-off novel The Weapon of a Jedi: A Luke Skywalker Adventure.[202][203] The character also appears in the comic series Star Wars: Poe Dameron.[155]
Sheev Palpatine
Darth Sidious Ian McDiarmid (Episodes I–III, V–VI, The Rise of Skywalker)[7]
Voice: Clive Revill (Before The Empire Strikes Back was remastered in 2004),[7] Ian Abercrombie and Tim Curry (The Clone Wars),[7] Sam Witwer (Rebels season 2), Ian McDiarmid (Rebels season 4) Naboo senator and later Supreme Chancellor of the Republic, later revealed to be Darth Sidious, a Dark Lord of the Sith. He was trained by Darth Plagueis, and the full story of the two can be explained in the 2012 novel of the same name. His machinations turn the Galactic Republic into the Galactic Empire, with himself as its emperor. He lures Anakin Skywalker to the dark side of the Force and renames him Darth Vader. He is eventually killed by a redeemed Anakin.[204] Despite his death, Palpatine returns in some form during the events of The Rise of Skywalker, set during the conflict between the Resistance and the First Order.[205][206][207]
Captain Quarsh Panaka Hugh Quarshie (The Phantom Menace) Captain of the Queen Amidala's guard in The Phantom Menace.[208] In Leia, Princess of Alderaan, he meets a young Leia Organa, but is subsequently assassinated by Saw Gerrera and his Partisans.
Casca Panzoro N/A Senior member of Bravo Rising group fighting the First Order on Atterra Bravo. Grandmother of Reeve Panzoro, she befriends Leia Organa in an attempt to foster Resistance support to her cause in the 2017 novel Star Wars: The Last Jedi: Cobalt Squadron.[209]
Reeve Panzoro N/A Youthful member of Bravo Rising Resistance group holding out on the planet Atterra Bravo against the First Order. Reeve assists Paige and Rose Tico on their first mission to the Atterra system in the 2017 novel Star Wars The Last Jedi: Cobalt Squadron.[209]
Baron Papanoida George Lucas (Revenge of the Sith)
Voice: Corey Burton (The Clone Wars) Pantoran Senator and Chairman of the Pantoran Assembly.
Che Amanwe Papanoida Meredith Salenger (The Clone Wars) One of Baron Papaoida's two daughters who serves as a representative for her home world of Pantora. She and her sister, Chi, are kidnapped by the Trade Federation following a trade blockade of Pantora.
Chi Eekway Papanoida Katie Lucas (Revenge of the Sith)
Voice: Nika Futterman (The Clone Wars) Daughter of Baron Papanoida who represents the planet Wroona in the Galactic Senate. She appears in scenes deleted from Revenge of the Sith as one of the senators of the Delegation of 2000.
Paploo Kenny Baker (Return of the Jedi) One of the more visible Ewoks in Return of the Jedi, who steals a speeder bike from the Imperial scout troopers to distract them from the Rebel mission on Endor.[78]
Captain Phasma Gwendoline Christie (The Force Awakens and The Last Jedi)
Voice: Gwendoline Christie (Resistance) Officer who commands the First Order's legions of stormtroopers in The Force Awakens.
Even Piell Michaela Cottrel (The Phantom Menace)
Voice: Bair Bless (The Clone Wars) Lannik Jedi Master and Jedi Council member in The Phantom Menace, Attack of the Clones, and The Clone Wars.[210]
Admiral Firmus Piett Kenneth Colley (The Empire Strikes Back and Return of the Jedi) Imperial officer, initially a captain, who is promoted to replace Admiral Ozzel as commanding officer of the Super Star Destroyer, Executor, after Vader executes Ozzel for incompetence. As the only Imperial officer to appear in more than one original trilogy film, Piett also appears in Return of the Jedi meeting his demise, when the Executor crashes into the Death Star during the Battle of Endor.[211]
Darth Plagueis N/A Sith Lord mentioned in Revenge of the Sith. Palpatine tells Anakin Skywalker that Darth Plagueis became so powerful that he was able to create life by influencing the midi-chlorians, and had the power to save people from dying. Plagueis was killed in his sleep by his apprentice.[212]
Sarco Plank Melitto scavenger, arms dealer, and bounty hunter seen at Niima Outpost on Jakku in The Force Awakens. Plank's backstory is significantly expanded upon in the 2015 junior novel The Weapon of a Jedi: A Luke Skywalker Adventure, in which Plank leads a young Luke Skywalker to the Temple of Eedit, and betrays him.[213]
Unkar Plutt Simon Pegg (The Force Awakens)
Voice: Dee Bradley Baker (Forces of Destiny) Crolute Junkboss on the planet Jakku who pays out portions of food in exchange for pieces of salvage. He attempts to bargain the droid BB-8 from Rey and then tries to steal it when she refuses, but Rey ends up fleeing the planet by stealing the Millennium Falcon from him.[22]
Poggle the Lesser Voice: Marton Csokas (Attack of the Clones), Matthew Wood (The Clone Wars) Archduke of Geonosis, part of the Techno Union and one of the Separatist leaders killed by Darth Vader on Mustafar in Revenge of the Sith.[214] Poggle controls the Geonosian battle droid factories and commands the droid army that fought in the two battles of Geonosis in Attack of the Clones and The Clone Wars.[215] He also assists in the early planning and construction of the first Death Star, as revealed in Catalyst: A Rogue One Novel.[216]
Yarael Poof Michelle Taylor (The Phantom Menace) Long-necked Quermian Jedi Master on the Jedi High Council in The Phantom Menace.[217]
Jek Tono Porkins William Hootkins (A New Hope) Portly X-wing pilot codenamed "Red Six" who is killed in A New Hope in the attack on the first Death Star. Porkins has gained some comedic notoriety due to his size, manner and untimely death, which was spoofed in the Family Guy episode Blue Harvest.[218]
Nahdonnis Praji George Roubicek (A New Hope) Imperial Navy officer who serves as Darth Vader's aide aboard the Star Destroyer Devastator in A New Hope. He reports to Vader regarding the status of the stolen Death Star plans.
Governor Arihnda Pryce Mary Elizabeth McGlynn (Rebels) Imperial Governor of Lothal who appears in Rebels. Her backstory is explored in the novel Star Wars: Thrawn.
PZ-4CO N/A Droid introduced in the 2015 young adult novel Moving Target: A Princess Leia Adventure by Cecil Castellucci and Jason Fry to whom Leia Organa dictates her memoirs.[219][220] PZ-4CO also appears in The Force Awakens.[221]
Q[edit]
Ben Quadinaros One of the pod-racers in The Phantom Menace. He and Anakin Skywalker's pod-racers are the only ones that do not take off. Ben's pod explodes after having trouble with its power couplings.[222]
Qi'ra Emilia Clarke (Solo: A Star Wars Story)
Voice: Olivia Hack (Forces of Destiny) Corellian thief and Han Solo's first love. When they reunite years later, she is Dryden Vos' lieutenant in the Crimson Dawn crime syndicate.[223]
Quarrie Corey Burton (Rebels) Mon Calamari starship engineer who created the Blade Wing, a prototype of the B-wing fighter. Living in isolation on Shantipole, he is later brought into the Rebel Alliance by Hera Syndulla to oversee development of more B-wings.[224]
Quiggold Scott Richardson (The Force Awakens)
Voice: Chris Clarke (The Force Awakens) Gabdorian pirate seen in The Force Awakens in Maz Kanata's castle when Finn tries to buy passage to the Outer Rim from Quiggold and his captain Sidon Ithano. Quiggold is also featured in the short story "The Crimson Corsair and the Lost Treasure of Count Dooku".[57]
R[edit]
R2-D2 Kenny Baker (Episodes I–VI, VII; consultant)
Jimmy Vee (Episodes VII–IX and Rogue One) Astromech droid built on Naboo that appears in all eight Star Wars films and in Rogue One: A Star Wars Story.[22]
R2-KT Pink R2 astromech droid (identical to a R2-D2 but with pink accents instead of blue) that first appears in The Clone Wars and then briefly in scenes at the Resistance base in The Force Awakens. The droid is also a playable character in the video game Lego Star Wars: The Force Awakens. R2-KT was named in honor of seven year old Star Wars fan and cancer patient Katie Johnston.[225]
R3-S6 Replacement astromech droid for Anakin when R2 is lost in The Clone Wars. He is later revealed to be working as a spy for General Grievous, and subsequently destroyed by R2-D2 himself.
R4-P17 Nicknamed "Arfour", this astromech droid accompanies Obi-Wan Kenobi on his mission to Kamino in Attack of the Clones, and is assigned to Kenobi throughout much of the Clone Wars (appearing in several episodes of The Clone Wars series). R4 is decapitated by Buzz Droids in Revenge of the Sith, and is replaced by R4-G9.
R5-D4 Astromech droid originally sold to Owen Lars on Tatooine in A New Hope which immediately malfunctions and is replaced by R2-D2.[22][226] This droid also received an action figure release during the second wave of Kenner's original Star Wars action figure line.
RA-7 ("Death Star droid") Originally appearing in the 1977 film Star Wars, these protocol droids are primarily used by Imperial officers as servants. They are also known as "Insect droids" or '"Death Star droids", due to the large numbers used aboard the Death Star. An RA-7 droid dubbed "Death Star Droid", was produced for Kenner's Star Wars action figure line in 1978.[227] The RA-7 type droid named AP-5[41] has a recurring role in Star Wars Rebels, assisting Hera Syndulla's Phoenix Squadron.
Rabé Cristina da Silva (The Phantom Menace) Handmaiden to Queen Amidala seen in The Phantom Menace.
Admiral Raddus Paul Kasey (Rogue One)
Voice: Stephen Stanton (Rogue One) Green-skinned Mon Calamari Admiral of the Rebel Alliance that perishes during the Battle of Scarif in Rogue One. He serves as the namesake of the Resistance MC85 Star Cruiser known as the Raddus in The Last Jedi.
Dak Ralter John Morton (The Empire Strikes Back) Luke Skywalker's snowspeeder gunner in The Empire Strikes Back. Ralter dies in the ensuing Battle of Hoth when their snowspeeder is damaged by an Imperial Walker. Dak also makes an appearance conversing before the aforementioned battle with Thane Tyrell, in the novel Lost Stars.[228][229]
Oppo Rancisis Jerome Blake (The Phantom Menace) Thisspiasian Jedi Master and Jedi Council member in the prequel trilogy, master of Battle Meditation.[230]
Admiral Dodd Rancit N/A Admiral and traitor to the Galactic Empire; rival of Moff Tarkin in the 2014 novel Tarkin.[231]
Rappertunie Shawda Ubb Growdi player for the Max Rebo Band in the Special Edition of Return of the Jedi.
Sinjir Rath Velus N/A Imperial turncoat introduced in Aftermath. Anthony Breznican of Entertainment Weekly called him "the first major gay hero" in the franchise.[170]
(a.k.a. "The Operator") N/A Mysterious Imperial admiral and manipulator from the Aftermath novel trilogy.[232] Trusted by Palpatine to destroy the Empire in the event of his death and reform it, Rax is responsible for the rise of the First Order though he himself does not live to see it founded.
Eneb Ray N/A Spy for the Rebel Alliance who went rogue after being physically and mentally disfigured; later attacking Sunspot Prison in a plot against Leia Organa. First introduced in Marvel Comics' Star Wars Annual#1.[233]
Max Rebo Simon Williamson (Return of the Jedi) Ortolan keyboard player and leader of the Max Rebo Band in Return of the Jedi.[234]
Ciena Ree N/A Human female Imperial Officer, associate of Thane Kyrell, who in the novel Star Wars: Lost Stars commands the Imperial II-class Star Destroyer Inflictor, purposefully crashing it during the Battle of Jakku.[229]
Ree-Yees Mike Quinn and Richard Bonehill (Return of the Jedi) Three-eyed alien, known as a Gran, prominently seen in the background cheering at Jabba the Hutt's palace in Return of the Jedi.[235]
Captain Rex Voice: Dee Bradley Baker (The Clone Wars and Rebels)[29] Anakin Skywalker's second-in-command and captain of 501st in The Clone Wars;[30] as a retired clone trooper he joins the Rebellion in Star Wars Rebels.
Rey Daisy Ridley (Episodes VII–IX)
Voice: Daisy Ridley (Forces of Destiny) Scavenger who lives on the desert planet Jakku. She and Finn seek to return BB-8 to the Resistance, but she is captured by Kylo Ren. His interrogation unlocks her ability to use the Force.
General Carlist Rieekan Bruce Boa (The Empire Strikes Back) Rebel commanding officer on Hoth in The Empire Strikes Back.[236]
Riley Voice: Catherine Taber (Uprising) Riley is the sister of an unnamed smuggler. They both worked for "Happy" Dapp during the Galactic Empire's Iron Blockade.
Rogue Squadron Various Rebel Alliance and New Republic starfighter pilots featured in the original trilogy.
Romba Mike Cottrell (Return of the Jedi) Ewok in Return of the Jedi seen mourning over the death of his fellow Ewok during the Battle of Endor; he was released in action figure form during Kenner's final Power of the Force line in 1985.[237]
Bodhi Rook Riz Ahmed (Rogue One)[37] Imperial cargo pilot who, encouraged by Galen Erso, defects to the Rebel Alliance and helps steal the plans to the Death Star in Rogue One.
Pagetti Rook ("Weequay") Julius LeFlore (Return of the Jedi) Weequay guard on Jabba the Hutt's skiff that held a vibro-axe to the back of Luke Skywalker as he stood on the plank above the Sarlacc Pit in Return of the Jedi.[238] Called "Weequay" during the original Kenner action figure line in the 1980s, the name would eventually become the name of the character's species as a whole.[239]
Rukh Voice: Warwick Davis (Rebels) A Noghri, introduced in the fourth season of Rebels, who serves Grand Admiral Thrawn.[240] The character originally appeared in the Star Wars Legends series the Thrawn trilogy, in which he assassinates Thrawn.
S[edit]
Sabé Keira Knightley (The Phantom Menace) One of Padmé Amidala's handmaidens in The Phantom Menace. Sabé is the queen's decoy; for parts of the movie, the Sabé character is addressed as Amidala.[241] Knightley was cast as Sabé due to her striking resemblance to Natalie Portman, who portrayed Amidala.
Saché Sofia Coppola (The Phantom Menace) One of the youngest of the five handmaidens of Queen Padmé Amidala of Naboo in The Phantom Menace.[242]
Admiral U.O. Statura Ken Leung (The Force Awakens) Resistance Admiral that helps plan the assault on Starkiller Base, correctly suggesting that they cripple its thermal oscillator. Statura also appears in the Poe Dameron comic.
Joph Seastriker N/A Associate of Leia Organa and Resistance pilot in the novel Star Wars: Bloodline.[243]
Queen Miraj Scintel Voice: Rajia Baroudi (The Clone Wars) Queen of Zygerria and member of the Separatist Council. She captures Anakin, Obi-Wan, and Ahsoka and attempts to auction them off as slaves; however, they are rescued by clone troopers, and Miraj is Force-choked to death by Count Dooku for her failure.
Admiral Terrinald Screed N/A Imperial admiral with a cybernetic eye from the 2014 novel Tarkin and the 2016 novel Aftermath: Life Debt.[231] Screed had a more prominent role in the non-canon Legends continuity, first created for the 1985 Droids animated series.[244]
Sebulba Voice: Lewis MacLeod (The Phantom Menace) Podracer who competes against Anakin Skywalker in The Phantom Menace. Once a slave, Sebulba's podracing skills bought his freedom.[245]
Aayla Secura Amy Allen (Attack of the Clones and Revenge of the Sith)[246]
Voice: Jennifer Hale (The Clone Wars)[247] Twi'lek Jedi who appears in Attack of the Clones, Revenge of the Sith, and The Clone Wars.[248][249]
Korr Sella Maisie Richardson-Sellers (The Force Awakens)[250] Human female military officer who serves under the command of General Leia Organa in The Force Awakens. She is sent to Hosnian Prime with a message for the Senate, and is present when the planet is destroyed by the First Order's superweapon, Starkiller Base. The character appears briefly in the completed film but has an increased role in the novelization.[250][251] Korr's earlier time in Leia's service is touched upon in the novel Star Wars: Bloodline.[74][75][76]
Zev Senesca Christopher Malcolm (The Empire Strikes Back) Member of the Rebel Alliance and Rogue Squadron pilot in The Empire Strikes Back; designated as "Rogue Two", Senesca pilots a snowspeeder and dies during the Battle of Hoth in combat against the Imperial AT-AT walkers.[252] He is also the pilot who locates Han Solo and Luke Skywalker, who are stranded in the snow away from the Rebel base on Hoth.
Echuu Shen-Jon Former Padawan to Mace Windu who serves as a Jedi General during the Clone Wars. He goes into hiding after Order 66 is given, and re-emerges during the Galactic Civil War to fight for the Rebel Alliance.
Sifo-Dyas Voice: Paul Nakauchi (The Clone Wars) Jedi master who is impersonated by Count Dooku to order the creation of the clone trooper army in the prequel trilogy.
Aurra Sing Michonne Bourriague (The Phantom Menace)
Voice: Jaime King (The Clone Wars) Bounty hunter in The Phantom Menace and The Clone Wars.[253] Her appearance in the Phantom Menace was brief. Sing can be seen viewing the Podrace atop a balcony. She once had a romantic relationship with Hondo Ohnaka and became a mother figure to a young Boba Fett, before she was later murdered by Tobias Beckett.[254]
Rae Sloane N/A Imperial captain introduced in Star Wars: A New Dawn, later an admiral in Star Wars: Aftermath.[255][256]
The Smuggler N/A "The Smuggler" is an unnamed man who worked for "Happy" Dapp, along with his sister Riley, during the Galactic Empire's Iron Blockade.
Snaggletooth Arthur Rowton Short humanoid with protruding jaws and short fangs, based on a Snivvian character seen in the Mos Eisley cantina in A New Hope. Two versions of Snaggletooth were produced for Kenner's Star Wars action figure line in 1978; a tall blue version and later a small red version more accurate to the character seen in the film.[257]
Supreme Leader Snoke Andy Serkis (The Force Awakens and The Last Jedi) Political leader of the First Order. He is Kylo Ren's master and is very powerful in the dark side of the Force.[258]
Sy Snootles Timothy M. Rose and Mike Quinn (puppeteer) (Return of the Jedi)
Voice: Annie Arbogast (Return of the Jedi), Nika Futterman (The Clone Wars) Female Pa'lowick and lead vocalist of the Max Rebo Band in Return of the Jedi.[259]
Osi Sobeck Voice: James Arnold Taylor (The Clone Wars) Phidian CIS commander who serves as the warden of the prison known as "The Citadel" on the planet Lola Sayu.
Greer Sonnel N/A Assistant and pilot of Leia Organa in the novel Star Wars: Bloodline.[74][75][76] Originally from the oceanic planet Pamarthe, she is also the focus of the 2016 short story "Scorched" by Delilah S. Dawson, published in Star Wars Insider #165.[260][261]
Sana Starros N/A Associate of Han Solo who is dramatically introduced as Han Solo's wife but later confesses to have only posed as his spouse during a previous scam. She first appears in issue #6 of the Star Wars comic series.[262][263]
Lama Su Voice: Anthony Phelan (Attack of the Clones), Bob Bergen (The Clone Wars) Prime Minister of Kamino in Attack of the Clones.[264] In The Clone Wars he is revealed to be in the employ of Darth Tyranus as part of the scheme to have the clones eliminate the Jedi.
Shriv Suurgav Voice: Dan Donohue (Star Wars Battlefront II) A male Duros who is an officer and pilot of the Alliance to restore the Republic and the Resistance, using the call sign Danger Leader. A member of Inferno Squad, Suurgav is the longtime friend of smuggler and ex-General Lando Calrissian, and is present at the Battle of Sullust and the Battle of Jakku. He hijacks the Mandator IV-class Siege Dreadnought, the Retribution, at the time of the assault on Starkiller Base.
Mercurial Swift N/A Bounty hunter and assassin introduced in Star Wars: Aftermath, known for his electrified batons.
Gavyn Sykes Christian Simpson (The Phantom Menace) Lieutenant in the Royal Naboo Security Force during the invasion of Naboo. He partners with R2-C4 to knock out the droid control ship's shield generator in The Phantom Menace, allowing young Anakin Skywalker to destroy the ship from within.[265]
Cham Syndulla Voice: Robin Atkin Downes (The Clone Wars and Rebels) Twi'lek freedom fighter who opposes the Separatists independently before allying with the Republic Army when the Clone Wars come to Ryloth. In the aftermath of the Clone Wars, Cham opposes the newly established Galactic Empire's occupation of his world and becomes distanced from his daughter Hera after the death of her mother due to his single-minded determination to liberate Ryloth at any cost. The pair are later reconciled after Cham and his warriors Gobi and Numa team up with Hera's crew to steal an Imperial carrier and shoot down an Imperial cruiser over Ryloth.[266]
Hera Syndulla Voice: Vanessa Marshall (Rebels and Forces of Destiny) Twi'lek female, and the daughter of Cham Syndulla, who leaves her homeworld to fight the Empire as a member of the rebel crew of the Ghost. She is the mother-figure of the Ghost crew, and holds the group together when they would otherwise fall apart.[267]
Jacen Syndulla Son of human Jedi Knight Kanan Jarrus and Twi'lek General Hera Syndulla introduced in the 2018 Rebels series finale, "Family Reunion and Farewell". Born during Galactic Civil War after the death of his father, Jacen is a member of the Spectres, codename Spectre-7.
T[edit]
Orn Free Taa Jerome Blake (The Phantom Menace), Matt Rowan (Attack of the Clones and Revenge of the Sith)
Voice: Phil LaMarr (The Clone Wars) Overweight Twi'lek who represents Ryloth in the Galactic Senate during the prequel trilogy.
General Cassio Tagge Don Henderson (A New Hope) Imperial officer aboard the Death Star in A New Hope; Tagge expressed concern over the vulnerability of the Death Star due to the missing plans being in the hands of the Rebel Alliance.[268] Tagge is revealed in Marvel's Darth Vader comic book series as surviving the Death Star explosion during the Battle of Yavin, and is promoted by Emperor Palpatine to Grand General of the Empire.[269]
Mother Talzin Voice: Barbara Goodson (The Clone Wars) Dathomirian leader of the Nightsister clans of witches before and during the Clone Wars. She possesses great magical powers, ranging from mind control, manipulating matter, and turning into mist. Following General Grievous' attack on Dathomir, she is the only Nightsister left, aside from Asajj Ventress. In The Lost Missions, Talzin manipulates a cult into stealing the living Force within other beings and collect it in an orb for her. When enough is collected, Talzin intends to absorb the Force and gain great strength beyond any other Jedi or Sith. However, she is defeated by the combined efforts of Mace Windu and Jar Jar Binks. In Darth Maul: Son of Dathomir, she ultimately dies at the hands of General Grievous on Dathomir in order to allow Maul, her son, to escape.
Wat Tambor Voice: Chris Truswell (Attack of the Clones), Matthew Wood (The Clone Wars) Skakoan Foreman of the Techno Union and Executive of Baktoid Armor Workshop before and during the Clone Wars. He serves on the Separatist Council during the Clone Wars and helps fund and supply the Confederacy of Independent Systems. He is one of the Separatist leaders killed by Darth Vader on Mustafar in Revenge of the Sith.[270]
Riff Tamson Voice: Gary Anthony Williams (The Clone Wars) Shark-like Separatist leader, known for his ferocity and brilliant mind. He leads the forces at one of the Battles of Mon Calamari, and is killed by a bomb.
Ahsoka Tano Voice: Ashley Eckstein (The Clone Wars, Rebels and Forces of Destiny) Anakin Skywalker's Togruta Jedi Padawan. Over time she develops greater skills and techniques, and becomes a trusted leader. Near the end of season 5 of The Clone Wars, Ahsoka is framed by her friend and fellow Padawan Barriss Offee for bombing the Jedi Temple. She is subsequently expelled from the Jedi Order and turned over to the Republic for trial, but her innocence is proven when Anakin exposes Barriss. Afterwards, Ahsoka is invited to rejoin the Jedi, but she refuses and leaves because she no longer trusts them. She is later revealed to be the mysterious "Fulcrum" in Star Wars Rebels, and is hunted by Darth Vader and the Inquisitors. Ahsoka's fate is left ambiguous after a duel with Vader, until Ezra Bridger rescues her from Vader by taking her into The World Between Worlds "environment" accessible, for a time, from within Lothal's Jedi Temple.
Tarfful Michael Kingma (Revenge of the Sith) Wookiee chieftain who, along with Chewbacca, commands the Wookiee warriors during the Battle of Kashyyyk, and later helps Yoda escape the clone troopers after Order 66 is given in Revenge of the Sith.
Jova Tarkin N/A Paternal great-uncle to Grand Moff Tarkin, acting as a permanent guide and mentor for future Tarkin family initiates on the Carrion Plateau on their homeworld of Eriadu.[231]
Grand Moff Wilhuff Tarkin Peter Cushing (A New Hope),[7] Wayne Pygram (Revenge of the Sith),[7] Guy Henry (Rogue One)
Voice: Stephen Stanton (The Clone Wars and Rebels)[7] The Imperial governor of the Outer Rim territories, and the commanding officer of the Death Star in A New Hope. He oversees the construction and operation of the Death Star in Revenge of the Sith and A New Hope respectively, and dies on the Death Star in A New Hope when Luke Skywalker destroys it.[271]
Captain Roos Tarpals Steven Spiers (The Phantom Menace)
Voice: Fred Tatasciore (The Clone Wars) Gungan captain in The Phantom Menace.[272] He later becomes a general by the time of the Clone Wars and dies trying to capture General Grievous.
TC-14 John Fensom (The Phantom Menace)
Voice: Lindsay Duncan (The Phantom Menace) Protocol droid who appears in the beginning of The Phantom Menace, serving drinks to Obi-Wan Kenobi and Qui-Gon Jinn aboard the Trade Federation's flagship Saak'ak.[273]
Berch Teller N/A Former Intelligence officer in the Republic, turning against the Empire and later hijacking Moff Tarkin's personal ship, the Carrion Spike, in the 2014 novel Tarkin.[231]
Teebo Jack Purvis (Return of the Jedi) Leader of the group of Ewoks that captures Luke Skywalker, Han Solo, Chewbacca and the droids; later the one whom R2-D2 electrocutes upon being freed. Has a more prominent role in the novelization.[78]
Teedo Kiran Shah (The Force Awakens)
Voice: David Acord (The Force Awakens and Forces of Destiny) Scavenger native to Jakku, one of several of his species, known as Teedos.[274] This particular Teedo was trying to capture BB-8, before the droid was freed by Rey in The Force Awakens.
Mod Terrik Unknown actor (A New Hope) Captain of the Imperial stormtrooper Zeta Squadron, charged with finding the Death Star plans and, later, of stopping the departing Millennium Falcon. He is killed by his fellow stormtrooper 1023, Davin Felth, during the attack to Han Solo's ship.
Tessek ("Squid Head") Gerald Home (Return of the Jedi) Jabba the Hutt's squid-like Quarren accountant in Return of the Jedi.[275] An action figure of this character was released as "Squid Head" in the Return of the Jedi line of Kenner's 1980's Star Wars action figures.[276]
Lor San Tekka Max von Sydow (The Force Awakens) Former explorer and a devout follower of the Church of the Force, as well as an old ally of Luke Skywalker, living on the planet Jakku. He gives Poe Dameron a fragment of the map needed to find Luke in The Force Awakens, and is subsequently executed by Kylo Ren.
Petty Officer Thanisson Thomas Brodie-Sangster (The Force Awakens) First Order officer aboard the Resurgent-class Star Destroyer Finalizer. Thanisson reports the theft of the TIE fighter stolen by Poe Dameron and FN-2187 in The Force Awakens.
Inspector Thanoth N/A Inspector for the Galactic Empire; assigned to assist Darth Vader and investigate his actions during the events of the Star Wars: Darth Vader comic book series.[277]
Lieutenant Thire Voice: Temuera Morrison (Revenge of the Sith), Dee Bradley Baker (The Clone Wars) Commander of the Clone Shock Troopers in Revenge of the Sith who tells Palpatine that they did not find Yoda's body on the Senate chamber's floor.
Grand Admiral Thrawn Voice: Lars Mikkelsen (Rebels) Chiss Grand Admiral of the Imperial Navy, known as a brilliant strategist.[278] He appears in the third season of Rebels, and the novel Thrawn.[279]
C'ai Threnalli Paul Kasey (The Force Awakens and The Last Jedi) Abednedo Resistance pilot that flies as Poe Dameron's wingman during the evacuation of D'Qar. Threnalli is also among the survivors escaping on the Millennium Falcon after the Battle of Crait in The Last Jedi.
Shaak Ti Orli Shoshan (Attack of the Clones and Revenge of the Sith)
Voice: Tasia Valenza (The Clone Wars) Togruta Jedi Master and member of the Jedi Council in Attack of the Clones and Revenge of the Sith who escapes The Great Jedi Purge. In a deleted scene from Revenge of the Sith, she is killed by General Grievous on the Invisible Hand.
Paige Tico Veronica Ngo (The Last Jedi) Older sister of Rose Tico, gunner and pilot on the StarFortress Bomber Hammer of Cobalt Squadron.[209] Paige is killed during the Battle of D'Qar after releasing the bomber's payload, destroying the Mandator IV-class Siege Dreadnaught Fulminatrix.
Rose Tico Kelly Marie Tran (The Last Jedi and The Rise of Skywalker)
Voice: Kelly Marie Tran (Forces of Destiny) Resistance maintenance worker, younger sister of Paige Tico, and former crew member of Cobalt Squadron on the StarFortress Bomber Hammer.[209] She accompanies Finn in The Last Jedi to the casino city Canto Bight, infiltrates the Mega-class Star Dreadnought Supremacy, and is rendered unconscious during the Battle of Crait. She also appears in the animated Disney micro-series Star Wars Forces of Destiny episode "Shuttle Shock",[280] and the 2017 novel Star Wars: The Last Jedi: Cobalt Squadron by Elizabeth Wein,[281] which takes place shortly before The Last Jedi (partially during the events of The Force Awakens) and provides details on the Tico sisters' backgrounds. Rose is a character in the Star Wars: Force Arena mobile game,[282] and a playable character in Star Wars: Galaxy of Heroes.[283]
Saesee Tiin Khan Bonfils (The Phantom Menace), Jesse Jensen (Attack of the Clones), Kenji Oates (Revenge of the Sith)
Voice: Dee Bradley Baker (The Clone Wars) Jedi Master and member of the Jedi High Council in the prequel trilogy and The Clone Wars. He is one of the four Jedi Masters who die trying to arrest Palpatine. He uses a green lightsaber.
Bala-Tik Brian Vernel (The Force Awakens) Negotiator for the Guavian Death Gang, who confront Han Solo for swindling them aboard his freighter the Eravana in The Force Awakens. Bala-Tik informs the First Order that Solo is in possession of the missing BB-8 unit they are seeking.
Tikkes Separatist Council member and Senator of the CIS-allied Quarren Isolation League on Mon Calamari. He leads one of the Separatist assaults on Mon Calamari but is killed by Darth Vader on Mustafar.
Meena Tills Voice: Anna Graves (The Clone Wars) Senator of Calamari Sector in Revenge of the Sith and The Clone Wars.
Quay Tolsite Dee Tails (Solo: A Star Wars Story) The Pike Syndicate's administrator, who controls the operations on Kessel.
Bargwill Tomder Cloddogran Fathier stable master in Canto Bight on Cantonica in The Last Jedi. Tomder first appears in the short story "Hear Nothing, See Nothing, Say Nothing" in the anthology book Canto Bight.[284]
Wag Too Voice: Alec Medlock (The Clone Wars) Lurmen healer and the son of village leader Tee Watt Kaa. He is more grateful than his father when Ahsoka Tano, Aayla Secura, and Anakin Skywalker return to protect their village from the Separatists.
Coleman Trebor Vurk Jedi Master who participates in the Battle of Geonosis and is killed by Jango Fett while attempting to kill Count Dooku.
Admiral Trench Voice: Dee Bradley Baker (The Clone Wars) Harch Admiral of the Separatist Navy who commands the blockade of the planet Christophsis. He is one of the most skilled military tacticians at the time and supposedly has a history of being able to track cloaked ships. He seemingly dies in the episode "Cat and Mouse" of The Clone Wars, but reappears with cybernetics covering nearly half of his body in the first episode of season 6. He also appears in a four-episode arc referred as "Bad Batch" in which he dies at the hands of Anakin Skywalker after his ship is infiltrated by the Republic.
Strono Tuggs Aidan Cook (The Force Awakens) Deformed Artiodac cook at the castle of Maz Kanata in The Force Awakens. Tuggs' backstory is explored in the short story "A Recipe for Death".[57]
Clone Trooper Tup Voice: Dee Bradley Baker (The Clone Wars)[29] Rookie clone trooper who has a teardrop tattoo on his face, and matching designs on his helmet.[285] During his time in the campaign on Ringo Vinda, Tup’s biochip malfunctions, leading him to carry out Order 66 earlier than intended. Tup is captured, and dies on Kamino during the ensuing investigation.
Letta Turmond Voice: Kari Wahlgren (The Clone Wars) Radical activist against Jedi involvement in the Clone Wars, incited by the Jedi Order's use of her technician husband Jackar Bowmani to arm Republic gunships.[286]
Longo Two-Guns Voice: Tom Kane Crime lord and rival to Jabba the Hutt, recognized as the "fastest blaster on Tatooine".
Captain Gregar Typho Jay Laga'aia (Attack of the Clones and Revenge of the Sith)
Voice: James Mathis III (The Clone Wars) Amidala's bodyguard in Attack of the Clones and Revenge of the Sith.[287]
Ratts Tyerell Aleena podracer who fatally participates in the Boonta Eve Classic podrace in The Phantom Menace.[288]
U[edit]
U9-C4 Timid astromech droid sent on a mission with D-Squad, an all-droid special unit in The Clone Wars.[289]
Luminara Unduli Mary Oyaya (Attack of the Clones), Fay David (Revenge of the Sith)
Voice: Olivia d'Abo (The Clone Wars) Mirialan Jedi Master in Attack of the Clones and Revenge of the Sith, having Barriss Offee as a padawan. She is killed as a result of Order 66.[290] Luminara is a playable character in Lego Star Wars: The Video Game and the video game version of The Clone Wars. In Star Wars Rebels, the rebels are told Luminara is alive as a means to lure them into a trap.
V[edit]
Finis Valorum Terence Stamp (The Phantom Menace)
Voice: Ian Ruskin (The Clone Wars) The final legitimate Supreme Chancellor of the Galactic Republic, who is ousted from office in The Phantom Menace, allowing Palpatine to rise to power.[291] Finis valorum is Late Latin for "the end of values". According to performer Terence Stamp, the character was intended by George Lucas to be based on then-President of the United States Bill Clinton as a "good but beleaguered man," although Stamp noted that this had been before the Clinton impeachment trial.[292] Valorum's name stems from the original drafts of The Star Wars, in which it belonged to a character combined with Vader, then Vader's master, before being phased out of the original trilogy.[293]
Eli Vanto N/A Trusted aide to Grand Admiral Thrawn in the novel Thrawn.[294]
Nahdar Vebb Voice: Tom Kenny (The Clone Wars) Male Mon Calamari who serves as the padawan of Jedi Master Kit Fisto in The Clone Wars. He is killed by the General Grievous.
General Maximilian Veers Julian Glover (The Empire Strikes Back) Commander of the 501st who leads the Empire's attack on Hoth commanding the lead AT-AT Imperial Walker in The Empire Strikes Back.[295] Veers was released in action figure form during Kenner's original line, dubbed as 'AT-AT Commander'.[296]
Asajj Ventress Voice: Nika Futterman (The Clone Wars) Sith apprentice in The Clone Wars who returns to a cult called the Nightsisters (of which she was formerly a member) after being abandoned by her master, Count Dooku. She abandons the dark side and her Sith ways, and Count Dooku sends a squad to wipe out the rest of her "sisters" via a droid company led by General Grievous. Asajj then resorts to bounty hunting, but still retains her two red lightsabers as weapons. She hunts Savage Opress and in the process ends up helping Obi-Wan Kenobi escape from him. Bariss Offee later steals Asajj's lightsabers and mask, using them to pose as Asajj while framing Ahsoka for the bombing of the Jedi Temple.[297] Asajj later appears in the novel Star Wars: Dark Disciple, which was intended for a story arc in the TV series. In the novel, she teams up with Jedi Quinlan Vos to assassinate Count Dooku. Along the way, the two fall in love. However, their attempt to kill Dooku fails, and Dooku captures Vos, who turns to the dark side. Asajj successfully turns Vos back, but dies saving him from an angered Dooku. She is later buried on Dathomir, amongst her fallen sisters.
Evaan Verlaine N/A Rebel pilot who assists Leia in Star Wars: Princess Leia with attempting to rescue survivors of Alderaan's destruction.
Garrick Versio Voice: Anthony Skordi (Star Wars Battlefront II) A commanding officer of Inferno Squad. Also appears in the book Star Wars Battlefront II: Inferno Squad.
Iden Versio Voice: Janina Gavankar (Star Wars Battlefront II) A commanding officer of Inferno Squad. Also appears in the book Star Wars Battlefront II: Inferno Squad.
Chancellor Lanever Villecham Derek Arnold (The Force Awakens) Tarsunt politician that serves as Chancellor of the New Republic, and perishes on Hosnian Prime when it is destroyed by the First Order's Starkiller Base.
Dr. Nuvo Vindi Voice: Michael York (The Clone Wars) Faust scientist who worked with the CIS during the Clone Wars. He rediscovers the Blue Shadow Virus and attempts to weaponize it for Separatist use.
Pre Vizsla Voice: Jon Favreau (The Clone Wars) Human male from Mandalore and the leader of the Mandalorian Death Watch faction during the Clone Wars.
Tulon Voidgazer N/A Cybernetically enhanced human scientist, working under Dr. Cylo as a possible replacement for Darth Vader; she first appeared in the Star Wars: Darth Vader Marvel comic book series.[82]
Dryden Vos Paul Bettany (Solo: A Star Wars Story) A ruthless high-ranking crime lord in the Crimson Dawn syndicate who has a history with Beckett.
Quinlan Vos Voice: Al Rodrigo (The Clone Wars) Jedi Master in The Clone Wars, and the master of Jedi Aayla Secura. In the novel Star Wars: Dark Disciple, he teams up with (and later falls in love with) Asajj Ventress in an attempt to assassinate Count Dooku. This fails, and Vos falls to the dark side. He is brought back to the light side by Asajj, but is heartbroken when she dies to save him. He buries her on her homeworld, Dathomir, and is reinstated into the Jedi Council.
W[edit]
WAC-47 Voice: Ben Diskin (The Clone Wars) Over-excitable pit droid that is assigned to a special Republic group of droids to steal an encryption module from the Separatists in The Clone Wars.[298]
Wald Warwick Davis (The Phantom Menace) Rodian slave boy under the ownership of Watto, and friends with Anakin Skywalker in The Phantom Menace.
Warok Ewok in Return of the Jedi, released in action figure form during Kenner's final Power of the Force line in 1985.[299]
Wicket W. Warrick Warwick Davis (Return of the Jedi) Ewok who helps Princess Leia and the other Rebels in Return of the Jedi.
Watto Voice: Andy Secombe (The Phantom Menace and Attack of the Clones) Toydarian junk store owner and slaveholder of Anakin and Shmi Skywalker in The Phantom Menace.
Taun We Voice: Rena Owen (Attack of the Clones) Kaminoan administrator who guides Obi-Wan Kenobi during his visit to the cloning facility in Attack of the Clones. During filming, Owen wore a maquette of the alien's head atop a hardhat, providing her co-stars with the proper eye-line for talking with the character.[300]
Zam Wesell Leeanna Walsman (Attack of the Clones) Shape-shifting bounty hunter who fails in her mission to kill Padmé Amidala and is killed by Jango Fett.[301]
Norra Wexley N/A Rebel pilot introduced in Star Wars: Aftermath, wayward mother of Snap.[106]
Temmin "Snap" Wexley Greg Grunberg (The Force Awakens and The Rise of Skywalker) Resourceful teenager introduced in the Aftermath trilogy, in which he has adventures with his mother Norra. He is a Resistance X-wing fighter pilot in The Force Awakens.[106][302][303]
General Vanden Willard Eddie Byrne (A New Hope)
Voice: Michael Bell (A New Hope) Rebel Alliance General that greets Leia Organa as she returns to the Rebel base on Yavin 4 in A New Hope.
Mace Windu Samuel L. Jackson (Episodes I–III)
Voice: Samuel L. Jackson (The Clone Wars film), Terrence Carson (The Clone Wars TV series) Master who sits on the Jedi Council in the prequel trilogy, regarded as one of the best swordsmen in Jedi history. He serves as Master of the Jedi Order in the years leading up to the Clone Wars and is a renowned Jedi General. He is thrown out of a window, apparently to his death, during an attempt to arrest Palpatine in Revenge of the Sith.[304]
Commander Wolffe Voice: Dee Bradley Baker (The Clone Wars and Rebels) Clone commander who leads the 104th Battalion's Wolfpack under Jedi General Plo Koon in The Clone Wars. He ends up in the Seelos system with fellow clones Rex and Gregor following the Clone Wars.
Wollivan Warwick Davis (The Force Awakens) Tavern-dweller in Maz Kanata's castle in The Force Awakens.
Sabine Wren Voice: Tiya Sircar (Rebels and Forces of Destiny) Sixteen-year-old Mandalorian graffiti artist, Imperial Academy dropout, former bounty hunter and the Ghost crew's weapons expert.
Wuher Ted Burnett (A New Hope) Bartender at the Mos Eisley cantina in A New Hope.[305]
X[edit]
Kazuda Xiono Voice: Christopher Sean (Star Wars Resistance) A young human X-Wing fighter pilot for the New Republic tasked by Poe Dameron to spy on the pelagic planet Castilon's Colossus Station refueling facility in the Outer Rim to uncover any First Order activity there. His cover of being a starship mechanic working under Jarek Yeager proves to be a tenuous one at best, partly due to his own occasional clumsiness. Poe's droid BB-8, and later the similar droid CB-23, accompanies Kazuda in his mission on the Colossus station.[306]
Y[edit]
Yaddle Phil Eason (The Phantom Menace) Female member of Yoda's species, and a member of the Jedi Council in The Phantom Menace. Iain McCaig's concept art for a young Yoda was instead used to create Yaddle.[307]
Yoda Frank Oz (puppeteer) (The Phantom Menace, Episodes V–VI, The Last Jedi)
Voice: Frank Oz (Episodes I–III, V–VIII and Rebels), Tom Kane (The Clone Wars and Forces of Destiny) Jedi master who trains Count Dooku and Luke Skywalker. He goes into exile on Dagobah after the fall of the Republic in Revenge of the Sith.[308]
Joh Yowza Yuzzum only seen in the Special Edition of Return of the Jedi as a member and singer in the Max Rebo Band.
Wullf Yularen Robert Clarke (A New Hope)
Voice: Tom Kane (The Clone Wars and Rebels) Imperial officer on the first Death Star in A New Hope. The Clone Wars establishes that he was previously an admiral in the Republic Navy who serves during the Clone Wars as the leader of Anakin Skywalker's fleet. He usually speaks the second half of his sentences before the first half; however, if his sentence is short enough, he does not.[309]
Z[edit]
Zuckuss Cathy Munroe (The Empire Strikes Back) Gand bounty hunter among those who answer Darth Vader's call to capture the Millennium Falcon in The Empire Strikes Back. In the Legends continuity, Zuckuss is a famous Force-sensitive "findsman", who leaves his home planet of Gand to join the Bounty Hunter's Guild.[23][310] Zuckuss is often partnered with fellow bounty hunter and long time associate 4-LOM, but also teams with his bounty hunter rival Bossk on rare occasions.[311][312] After his ammonia breathing lungs are badly damaged, Zuckuss' life is saved by the Rebel Alliance and he joins them for a time, before finally being incarcerated due to schizophrenia.[24][313] The action figure was misidentified as "4-LOM" in Kenner's original Star Wars action figure line.[239]
Constable Zuvio Kyuzo constable of Niima Outpost on Jakku. Although featured in early promotional material for The Force Awakens, Zuvio was largely cut from the film, with his backstory instead being told in the short story "High Noon on Jakku".[57]
List of Star Wars Legends characters
List of Star Wars Rebels characters
List of Star Wars: Knights of the Old Republic characters
List of Star Wars cast members
List of Star Wars: The Clone Wars cast members
List of Star Wars books
^ a b c Goldman, Eric (December 13, 2016). "Rogue One: A Star Wars Story Review". IGN. Retrieved December 14, 2016.
^ a b "Organa, Bail". StarWars.com. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved August 23, 2016.
^ Gray, Claudia (September 1, 2017). Leia, Princess of Alderaan. Disney–Lucasfilm Press. ISBN 9781484780787.
^ Roux, Madeleine (October 3, 2017). "Eclipse". From a Certain Point of View. Del Rey. ISBN 9780345511478.
^ a b c "Cliegg Lars". StarWars.com. Retrieved December 28, 2016.
^ "Skywalker, Shmi". StarWars.com. Archived from the original on June 4, 2011. Retrieved October 8, 2008.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai Bray, Adam (April 2, 2015). "Split Personalities: Star Wars Movie Characters Played By Multiple Actors". StarWars.com. Retrieved December 26, 2016.
^ "Owen Lars". StarWars.com. Retrieved December 28, 2016.
^ "Beru Lars". StarWars.com. Retrieved December 28, 2016.
^ "Skywalker, Anakin". StarWars.com. Archived from the original on June 4, 2011. Retrieved October 8, 2008.
^ "Padmé Amidala". StarWars.com. Retrieved January 12, 2018.
^ "Skywalker, Luke". StarWars.com. Archived from the original on September 2, 2008. Retrieved September 4, 2008.
^ Busch, Anita (May 5, 2016). "Alden Ehrenreich Lands The Lead In Star Wars Han Solo Film". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved May 5, 2016.
^ Utichi, Joe (July 17, 2016). "Alden Ehrenreich Introduced As Han Solo Stand-Alone Pic & Episode VIII Teased At Star Wars Celebration". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved July 17, 2016.
^ "Leia Organa". Star Wars.com. Retrieved December 29, 2016.
^ "Jabba the Hutt". StarWars.com. Retrieved March 6, 2017.
^ Bray, Adam; Horton, Cole; Kogge, Michael; Dougherty, Kerrie (2015). Star Wars: Absolutely Everything You Need to Know. DK Children. ISBN 978-1465437853.
^ "Fett, Jango". StarWars.com. Retrieved October 8, 2008.
^ "Fett, Boba". StarWars.com. Retrieved October 8, 2008.
^ a b "Star Wars: The Series' Most Underrated Characters". NME. September 29, 2016. Retrieved March 22, 2017.
^ "Databank: 2-1B Droid". StarWars.com. Retrieved March 16, 2017.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Buxton, Marc (January 13, 2017). "Star Wars: 25 Best Droids in the Galaxy from the Movies and TV Shows". Den of Geek. Retrieved March 22, 2017.
^ a b c Mikaelian, Michael (September 4, 2001). "How the Other Half Hunts". Star Wars Gamer. No. 6. Wizards of the Coast.
^ a b c Bell, M. Shayne (December 1996). "Of Possible Futures: The Tale of Zuckuss and 4-LOM". Tales of the Bounty Hunters. Del Rey. ISBN 0-553-56816-7.
^ Wagner, John (w), Plunkett, Killian (p), Russell. P. Craig (i). Shadows of the Empire 2–5 (June 1, 1996), Dark Horse Comics
^ "4-LOM/Zuckuss". JediTempleArchives.com. Retrieved March 16, 2017.
^ "Databank: 8D8". StarWars.com. Retrieved December 30, 2016.
^ "8D8 toy". RebelScum.com. Retrieved March 16, 2017.
^ a b c d e f g "Dee Bradley Baker: Star Wars: The Clone Wars Voicing an Army BTS Video". ToonZoneNews. YouTube. September 16, 2011. Retrieved December 30, 2016.
^ a b c d e f "Top Ten Coolest Clones in The Clone Wars". StarWarsReport.com. January 5, 2012. Retrieved March 22, 2017.
^ "Databank: Clone 99". StarWars.com. Retrieved December 30, 2016.
^ a b c Johnston, Rich (January 17, 2017). "Dr Aphra, OOO And BT-1 Make Their Way Into The Wider Star Wars Universe". Bleeding Cool. Retrieved March 16, 2017.
^ Miller, John Jackson (October 3, 2017). "Rites". From a Certain Point of View. Del Rey. ISBN 9780345511478.
^ a b "Janus Greejatus". StarWars.com. Retrieved January 14, 2017.
^ "Imperial Dignitary toy". RebelScum.com. Retrieved March 16, 2017.
^ a b "Amedda, Mas". StarWars.com. Retrieved October 7, 2008.
^ a b c d e f g h i Brody, Richard (December 13, 2016). "Rogue One Reviewed: Is it Time to Abandon the Star Wars Franchise?". The New Yorker. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
^ "OCD: Star Wars' Two-Headed Announcer". IGN. Retrieved December 27, 2017.
^ "10 Most Annoying Star Wars Characters Ever". Screen Rant. Retrieved December 27, 2017.
^ "Wedge Antilles". StarWars.com. Retrieved October 7, 2008.
^ a b "AP-5". StarWars.com. Retrieved April 25, 2017.
^ Narcisse, Evan (March 9, 2016). "Darth Vader Doesn't Do Pep Talks". Kotaku. Retrieved March 22, 2017.
^ "New Star Wars movie features character named after Beastie Boys album". nme.com. Retrieved December 20, 2017.
^ "Databank: AZI-3". StarWars.com. Retrieved February 19, 2016.
^ "Ponda Baba". StarWars.com. Retrieved January 4, 2016.
^ "Walrus Man". RebelScum.com. Retrieved March 16, 2017.
^ "Ponda Baba in Rogue One". geek.com. Retrieved March 16, 2017.
^ ""Where's Kitster?" T-Shirts Are Here!". rebelforceradio.com. Retrieved December 27, 2017.
^ "GameSpy: Clone Wars Co-Op Coming? – Page 1". Xbox360.gamespy.com. April 23, 2009. Archived from the original on September 26, 2009. Retrieved June 2, 2010.
^ "Barada". RebelScum.com. Retrieved March 16, 2017.
^ Keane, Sean (July 12, 2016). "Star Wars Aftermath: Life Debt is the best kind of sequel". New York Daily News. Retrieved July 26, 2016.
^ a b Yehl, Joshua (September 9, 2015). "Star Wars: Shattered Empire Reveals Big Connection to The Force Awakens". IGN. Retrieved August 23, 2016.
^ "Bibble, Sio". StarWars.com. Retrieved October 7, 2008.
^ "Binks, Jar Jar". StarWars.com. Retrieved October 3, 2011.
^ "Star Wars: The Last Jedi Gives a Name to That Orphan Boy". IGN. Retrieved December 27, 2017.
^ "Secrets of Bobbajo: An EW Star Wars: The Force Awakens video". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved December 20, 2017.
^ a b c d e Walker, Landry Q (April 16, 2016). Tales from a Galaxy Far, Far Away: Aliens: Volume I. Disney–Lucasfilm Press. ISBN 9781484741412.
^ Wagner, Danny (model maker) (October 13, 2015). "Star Wars Episode I: Dud Bolt Puppet Featurette". Star Wars The Complete Saga (DVD Extra). 20th Century Fox. ASIN B013P2POSC. Retrieved December 28, 2017.
^ Pereira, Chris (April 28, 2014). "Lucasfilm confirms all future Star Wars content to be canon, including the games". GameSpot. Retrieved December 28, 2017.
^ Elderkin, Beth (July 6, 2016). "Mr. Bones, Star Wars: Aftermath's Lovably Terrifying Killer Droid, Revealed". Gizmodo. Retrieved February 28, 2017.
^ Floyd, James (July 12, 2016). "The Empire, Kashyyyk, and Mr. Bones: Chuck Wendig Talks Aftermath: Life Debt". StarWars.com. Retrieved February 28, 2017.
^ Marshall, David (April 25, 2017). "Review: Marvel's Star Wars: Poe Dameron #13". MakingStarWars.net. Retrieved July 11, 2017.
^ a b Michael, Graff (Feb 1, 2017). "15 Things You Didn't Know About Bossk". Screen Rant. Retrieved March 22, 2017.
^ Windham, Ryder (August 5, 2013). Ezra's Gamble. Disney–Lucasfilm Press. ISBN 9781484702727.
^ Gillen, Kieron (w), Larroca,Salvador (a). "Shadows and Secrets, Part II" Darth Vader 8 (August 5, 2015), Marvel Comics
^ Jeter, K.W. (June 1998). The Bounty Hunter Wars: The Mandalorian Armor. Bantam Spectra. ISBN 0553578855.
^ Luceno, James (August 1, 2000). The New Jedi Order: Agents of Chaos I: Hero's Trial. Del Rey. ISBN 0345428609.
^ Reiff, Chris; Trevas, Chris. "Bossk". Retrieved January 5, 2018 – via partsofsw.com.
^ a b Romano, Steven (August 6, 2015). "5 Recycled Star Wars Props and Costumes". StarWars.com. Retrieved January 5, 2018.
^ He is introduced by a video on the Star Wars YouTube Channel titled Star Wars Rebels: Meet Ezra, the Street-smart Hero
^ "Databank: Chopper". StarWars.com. Retrieved October 29, 2015.
^ "Databank: C-3PO (See-Threepio)". StarWars.com. Retrieved October 7, 2008.
^ "Lando Calrissian". StarWars.com. Retrieved October 7, 2008.
^ a b c Crouse, Megan (May 3, 2016). "10 Things Star Wars: Bloodline Added to the New Canon". Den of Geek. Retrieved May 31, 2016.
^ a b c Templeton, Molly (May 4, 2016). "Star Wars: Bloodline Should Definitely Be A Movie". Tor.com. Retrieved December 31, 2016.
^ a b c Petty, Jared (May 3, 2016). "Star Wars: Bloodline Review". IGN. Retrieved May 24, 2016.
^ "Chewbacca". StarWars.com. October 7, 2008.
^ a b c d "YUB YUB: MEET THE EWOKS FROM ENDOR". StarWars.com. Retrieved March 22, 2017.
^ a b Breznican, Anthony (December 18, 2015). "Star Wars: The Force Awakens: A collection of cameos and Easter eggs: Friend of the General". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
^ "Kaydel Ko Connix". StarWars.com. Retrieved January 2, 2017.
^ a b "Salacious Crumb". StarWars.com. October 8, 2008. Archived from the original on October 3, 2008.
^ a b c Darth Vader 5 (May 13, 2015), Marvel Comics
^ "Here's Why Figrin D'an And The Modal Nodes Are The Best Artists In The Galaxy". Creators.co. Archived from the original on 2017-03-22. Retrieved March 22, 2017.
^ Abrams, Natalie (April 16, 2015). "10 things we learned from the Star Wars: The Force Awakens panel". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved May 23, 2015.
^ "Databank: Poe Dameron". StarWars.com. Retrieved December 20, 2015.
^ Hidalgo, Pablo (Dec 18, 2015). Star Wars: The Force Awakens: The Visual Dictionary. Dorling Kindersley. ISBN 1465438165.
^ a b "Darklighter, Biggs (Red Three)". StarWars.com. October 8, 2008.
^ Richelson, Geraldine (April 12, 1978). The Star Wars Storybook. Scholastic Book Services. ISBN 0394837851.
^ Star Wars: Behind the Magic (CD-ROM). Lucasarts. 1998.
^ "Dengar". StarWars.com. April 21, 2010.
^ Lucas, Katie (October 3, 2008). "Bounty". Star Wars: The Clone Wars. Cartoon Network.
^ White, Brett (December 19, 2015). "10 Most Awesome Moments from Marvel's Star Wars Comic". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved March 22, 2017.
^ Ratcliffe, Amy (September 8, 2015). "9 Connections Star Wars: Aftermath Makes to Known Star Wars Universe". StarWars.com. Retrieved March 22, 2017.
^ Wendig, Chuck (February 21, 2017). Aftermath: Empire's End. Del Rey. ISBN 9781101966969.
^ a b Wolverton, Dave (December 1996). "Payback: The Tale of Dengar". Tales of the Bounty Hunters. Del Rey. ISBN 0-553-56816-7.
^ Anderson, Kevin J.; Moesta, Rebecca (July 1, 1997). Young Jedi Knights: Delusions of Grandeur. Boulevard. ISBN 1572972726.
^ "Derlin, Major Bren". StarWars.com. October 8, 2008.
^ "Databank: Ima-Gun Di". StarWars.com. Retrieved May 23, 2016.
^ Agar, Chris (May 11, 2016). "The Biggest Revelations From Star Wars: Bloodline". Screen Rant. Retrieved May 24, 2016.
^ Granshaw, Lisa (May 10, 2016). "Behind Star Wars: Bloodline: An interview with author Claudia Gray". Blastr. Retrieved May 24, 2016.
^ Vejvoda, Jim (December 17, 2017). "Star Wars: The Last Jedi - Why Benicio del Toro's Character Is Named DJ". IGN. Retrieved April 14, 2019.
^ "Dodonna, Jan". StarWars.com. Retrieved October 8, 2008.
^ "Clone Trooper Dogma". StarWars.com. Retrieved December 30, 2016.
^ a b "Dooku, Count". StarWars.com. Retrieved October 8, 2008.
^ Bray, Adam; Horton, Cole; Barr, Tricia (April 4, 2017). Star Wars: The Visual Encyclopedia. Dorling Kindersley. ISBN 1465459626.
^ a b c Truitt, Brian (March 17, 2015). "Aftermath novel adds to Star Wars saga". USA Today. Retrieved September 2, 2015.
^ Breznican, Anthony (September 4, 2015). "How Chuck Wendig's Star Wars: Aftermath novel sets the stage for The Force Awakens". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
^ "Doctor Cornelius Evazan". StarWars.com. Retrieved January 4, 2017.
^ "Dr. Evazan in Rogue One". geek.com. Retrieved March 16, 2017.
^ "Fisto, Kit". StarWars.com. Retrieved April 7, 2009. [permanent dead link]
^ "Databank: ARC Trooper Fives". StarWars.com. Retrieved December 31, 2016.
^ Robinson, Joanna (December 20, 2015). "24 Delightful Star Wars: The Force Awakens Cameos You Might Have Missed". Vanity Fair. Retrieved January 12, 2016.
^ Pehanick, Maggie (December 17, 2015). "Daniel Craig's Star Wars: The Force Awakens cameo revealed! Here's Who He Plays". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved January 12, 2016.
^ Rucks, Greg (December 18, 2015). Before the Awakening. Disney–Lucasfilm Press. ISBN 9781484728222.
^ a b "Meet FN-2199, a.k.a. TR-8R: The Stormtrooper Behind the Meme". StarWars.com. January 7, 2016. Retrieved December 19, 2016.
^ "Bib Fortuna". StarWars.com. Retrieved March 16, 2017.
^ "FX-7". RebelScum.com. Retrieved March 16, 2017.
^ "Garindan (Long Snoot)". StarWars.com. Retrieved October 8, 2008.
^ "Gasgano)". StarWars.com. Retrieved December 26, 2017.
^ Lussier, Germain. "Meet the Heroes, Villains, and Badass Droid of Rogue One: A Star Wars Story". Gizmodo. Retrieved October 13, 2016.
^ "Power Droid". RebelScum.com. Retrieved March 16, 2017.
^ "Rogue One: A Star Wars Story trailer: Felicity Jones makes a roguish, Han Solo-style heroine". The Telegraph. April 7, 2016. Retrieved December 22, 2016.
^ "Greedo". StarWars.com. Retrieved October 8, 2008.
^ "Grievous, General". StarWars.com. Retrieved October 8, 2008.
^ Foster, Alan Dean (December 22, 2015). "Bait". Star Wars Insider. No. 162. Titan Magazines.
^ "Gunray, Nute". StarWars.com. Retrieved October 8, 2008.
^ "Haako, Rune". StarWars.com. Retrieved October 8, 2008.
^ "Hill, San". StarWars.com. Retrieved October 8, 2008.
^ Windham, Ryder; Barr, Tricia; Wallace, Daniel; Bray, Adam (September 1, 2015). Ultimate Star Wars. Dorling Kindersley. ISBN 9781465436016.
^ Crouse, Megan (December 16, 2017). "Star Wars: What Leia: Princess of Alderaan Reveals About The Last Jedi". Den of Geek. Retrieved May 9, 2018.
^ LucasArts (November 3, 1996). Star Wars: Shadows of the Empire. N64. Nintendo.
^ Anderson, Kevin J. (December 1996). "Therefore I Am: The Tale of IG-88". Tales of the Bounty Hunters. Del Rey. ISBN 0-553-56816-7.
^ "Back from the Drawing Board, Part 2: Repurposed Star Wars Technology". StarWars.com. Retrieved January 15, 2018.
^ "Jamillia, Queen". StarWars.com. Retrieved March 25, 2009.
^ Clark, Noelene (November 6, 2014). "Star Wars returns to Marvel, green rabbit Jaxxon returns to comics". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved March 2, 2018.
^ Ratcliffe, Amy (February 28, 2018). "Star Wars' Jaxxon, the Green Rabbit, is Coming to Star Wars Adventures". Nerdist. Retrieved March 2, 2018.
^ Star Wars 8 (November 8, 1977), Marvel Comics
^ Whitbrook, James (December 15, 2015). "The Long, Complicated Relationship Between Star Wars and Marvel Comics". Gizmodo. Retrieved March 2, 2018.
^ "Jerjerrod, Moff". StarWars.com. Retrieved October 8, 2008.
^ "Dexter-Jettster". StarWars.com. Retrieved March 23, 2017.
^ "The Most Hated 'Star Wars' Characters". Obsev.com. Archived from the original on 2017-03-23. Retrieved March 23, 2017.
^ "Jinn, Qui-Gon". StarWars.com. Retrieved October 8, 2008.
^ "Margaret Towner, Jira In The Phantom Menace, Dies At 96". starwarsunderworld.com. Retrieved December 26, 2017.
^ "Kenobi, Obi-Wan (Ben)". StarWars.com. Retrieved October 8, 2008.
^ "You Can Hear Alec Guinness and Ewan McGregor in The Force Awakens". Slashfilm.com. December 20, 2015. Retrieved December 19, 2016.
^ "Ki-Adi-Mundi". StarWars.com. Retrieved October 8, 2008.
^ "Klaatu". StarWars.com. Retrieved March 22, 2017.
^ "Return of the Jedi: 30 Years of Plastic Memories". bensbargains.com. Retrieved March 22, 2017.
^ "Klik-Klak". StarWars.com. Retrieved August 19, 2018.
^ "Klivian, Derek "Hobbie" (Rogue Four)". StarWars.com. Archived from the original on December 16, 2008. Retrieved October 8, 2008.
^ Star Wars 10 (October 7, 2015), Marvel Comics
^ "Black Krrsantan". Marvel.com. Archived from the original on 2017-03-16. Retrieved March 16, 2017.
^ Gray, Claudia (2015). Star Wars: Lost Stars. Disney–Lucasfilm Press. ISBN 1484724984.
^ Hinds, Julie (May 20, 2018). "The breakout star in Solo is L3-37, a female droid for our turbulent Time's Up era". Detroit Free Press. Retrieved May 30, 2018.
^ a b Brown, Alex (May 26, 2016). "Pull List: Star Wars: Poe Dameron". Tor.com. Retrieved February 15, 2016.
^ "Databank: Cut Lawquane". StarWars.com. Retrieved December 30, 2016.
^ "Lobot". StarWars.com. Retrieved October 8, 2008.
^ "Lumat". RebelScum.com. Retrieved March 16, 2017.
^ "Madine, General Crix". StarWars.com. Archived from the original on March 30, 2010. Retrieved December 29, 2016.
^ "Rancor Keeper". RebelScum.com. Retrieved March 16, 2017.
^ Perry, Spencer (March 24, 2016). "Darth Maul Returns in Star Wars Rebels Season 2 Finale". Comingsoon.net. Retrieved December 19, 2016.
^ "Yak Face". www.jeditemplearchives.com. Retrieved March 16, 2017.
^ "Yak Face". RebelScum.com. Retrieved March 16, 2017.
^ "Droopy McCool". StarWars.com. Retrieved March 22, 2017.
^ "Databank: ME-8D9". StarWars.com. Retrieved February 19, 2016.
^ "Medon, Tion". StarWars.com. Retrieved October 8, 2008.
^ "Moore, Sly". StarWars.com. Retrieved October 8, 2008.
^ a b Keane, Sean (April 28, 2015). "REVIEW: Star Wars: Lords of the Sith throws Darth Vader and the Emperor onto the battlefield". New York Daily News. Retrieved May 27, 2016.
^ Hensley, Nicole (March 11, 2015). "Star Wars novelist adds first lesbian character to canon". New York Daily News. Retrieved June 6, 2016.
^ a b Breznican, Anthony (September 4, 2015). "Star Wars: Aftermath: Gay hero introduced in new story". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved January 2, 2016.
^ Ratcliffe, Amy (March 3, 2017). "Rogue One's Genevieve O'Reilly on Bringing Mon Mothma to Star Wars Rebels". Nerdist News. Retrieved March 4, 2017.
^ "Mothma, Mon". StarWars.com. Retrieved October 8, 2008.
^ Star Wars: The Force Awakens Visual Dictionary
^ Gower, Eleanor (April 16, 2013). "Star Wars actor Richard LeParmentier dies aged 66... 35 years after he was choked by Darth Vader". Daily Mail. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
^ "Admiral Motti". StarWars.com. Archived from the original on December 16, 2008. Retrieved January 3, 2017.
^ "Momaw Nadon". StarWars.com. Retrieved March 16, 2017.
^ "Hammerhead". RebelScum.com. Retrieved March 16, 2017.
^ "Nass, Boss". StarWars.com. Retrieved October 8, 2008.
^ "Needa, Captain Lorth". StarWars.com. Retrieved October 8, 2008.
^ "Star Wars: The Force Awakens Cast + Crew". Fandango. Retrieved December 31, 2016.
^ "Bazine Netal". StarWars.com. Retrieved December 31, 2016.
^ "JOURNEY TO THE FORCE AWAKENS PANEL AT NEW YORK COMIC CON – RECAP". StarWars.com. October 12, 2015. Retrieved May 7, 2016.
^ Keane, Sean (February 21, 2017). "Star Wars Aftermath: Empire's End brings trilogy to a thrilling conclusion: book review". New York Daily News. Retrieved February 24, 2017.
^ "Nunb, Nien". Star Wars Databank. StarWars.com. Retrieved February 8, 2015.
^ Luceno, James (November 15, 2016). Catalyst: A Rogue One Novel. Disney–Lucasfilm Press. ISBN 978-0345511492.
^ Hidalgo, Pablo (December 16, 2016). Star Wars: Rogue One: The Ultimate Visual Guide. Dorling Kindersley. ISBN 146545263X.
^ "Offee, Barriss". StarWars.com. Retrieved March 10, 2009.
^ "Hondo Ohnaka". StarWars.com. Retrieved December 29, 2016.
^ "Ric Olié". StarWars.com. Retrieved January 12, 2018.
^ "Star Wars Jumbo Dianoga Trash Monster". StarWarscelebration.com. Archived from the original on 2017-12-22. Retrieved December 21, 2017.
^ "We Ranked the 40 Greatest Star Wars Moments". Time. May 23, 2017. Retrieved December 21, 2017.
^ Okorafor, Nnedi (October 3, 2017). "The Baptist". From a Certain Point of View. Del Rey. ISBN 9780345511478.
^ "Oola". StarWars.com. Retrieved October 8, 2008.
^ Hill, Sam (January 25, 2015). "10 Famous Actors Who Did Nude Scenes By Accident". WhatCulture.com. Retrieved May 2, 2019.
^ Whitbrook, James (September 28, 2015). "6 Ways the Star Wars Special Editions Actually Improved The Original Trilogy". io9. Retrieved May 2, 2019.
^ Anders, Charlie Jane (June 21, 2011). "10 Things You Probably Didn't Know About Star Wars". io9. Retrieved May 2, 2019.
^ "Prune Face as Orrimaarko". StarWars.com. Retrieved March 16, 2017.
^ "Ozzel, Admiral Kendal". StarWars.com. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved October 8, 2008.
^ "Grange Hill favourite Sheard dies". BBC. August 31, 2005. Retrieved October 8, 2008. In Star Wars, he was memorably choked by Darth Vader—and said George Lucas told him it was 'the best screen death I've ever seen'.
^ Veekhoven, Tim (April 21, 2015). "Meet the Genesis Jedi". StarWars.com. Retrieved January 29, 2017.
^ "Teemto Pagalies". StarWars.com. Retrieved December 26, 2017.
^ Ward, Jason (July 9, 2015). "Meet Star Wars: The Force Awakens' new female hotshot pilot!". Makingstarwars.net. Retrieved March 20, 2016.
^ Ward, Jason (November 21, 2015). "New TV spot reveals Jessika Pava and Nien Nunb in Star Wars: The Force Awakens!". Makingstarwars.net. Retrieved March 20, 2016.
^ "Palpatine". StarWars.com. Retrieved October 8, 2008.
^ Hood, Cooper (April 12, 2019). "Ian McDiarmid Returns As The Emperor In Star Wars 9". Screen Rant. Retrieved April 12, 2019.
^ Good, Owen S. (April 12, 2019). "Emperor Palpatine is back in Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker". Polygon. Retrieved April 12, 2019.
^ Couch, Aaron (April 12, 2019). "First 'Star Wars: Episode IX' Trailer Unveils 'The Rise of Skywalker'". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved April 12, 2019.
^ "Captain Panaka". StarWars.com. Retrieved December 29, 2016.
^ a b c d Wren, Elizabeth (Dec 15, 2017). Star Wars: The Last Jedi: Cobalt Squadron. Disney Lucasfilm Press. ISBN 1368008372.
^ "Piell, Even". StarWars.com. Retrieved March 10, 2009.
^ "Piett, Admiral". StarWars.com. Retrieved March 16, 2017.
^ "The Legend of Darth Plagueis - Star Wars: Episode III Revenge of the Sith". StarWars.com. Retrieved June 20, 2019.
^ Fry, Jason (September 4, 2015). The Weapon of a Jedi: A Luke Skywalker Adventure. Disney–Lucasfilm Press. ISBN 9781484724965.
^ "Poggle the Lesser". StarWars.com. Retrieved October 8, 2008.
^ "Poggle the Lesser". StarWars.com. Retrieved 2019-03-27.
^ Norkey, Trevor (January 3, 2017). "Star Wars: Catalyst Reveals Poggle the Lesser's Role in the Death Star". Moviepilot. Archived from the original on October 20, 2017. Retrieved October 20, 2017.
^ "Poof, Yarael". StarWars.com. Retrieved October 24, 2010. [permanent dead link]
^ "Porkins, Jek (Red Six)". StarWars.com. Retrieved October 8, 2008.
^ Sherer, Jay (November 6, 2015). "Star Wars: Moving Target: A Princess Leia Adventure by Cecil Castellucci and Jason Fry". SF Signal. Retrieved February 19, 2016.
^ Stevenson, Freeman (December 9, 2015). "The new canon books to read before you see Star Wars: The Force Awakens". Deseret News. Retrieved February 19, 2016.
^ Breznican, Anthony (December 18, 2015). "Star Wars: The Force Awakens: A collection of cameos and Easter eggs: Friend of the General". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved December 18, 2015.
^ "Ben Quadrinaros". StarWars.com. Retrieved December 29, 2016.
^ "Qi'ra". StarWars.com. Retrieved May 29, 2018.
^ "Quarrie". StarWars.com. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
^ "R2-KT and the Power of the Pink Side". StarWars.com. January 30, 2014. Retrieved March 18, 2017.
^ "Databank: R5-D4". StarWars.com. Retrieved February 19, 2016.
^ "Death Star Droid". RebelScum.com. Retrieved March 16, 2017.
^ "Ralter, Dack". StarWars.com. Retrieved October 8, 2008. [permanent dead link]
^ a b Gray, Claudia (September 4, 2015). Star Wars: Lost Stars. Disney–Lucasfilm Press. ISBN 1484724984.
^ "Rancisis, Oppo". StarWars.com. Retrieved March 10, 2009.
^ a b c d Luceno, James (2015). Star Wars: Tarkin. Del Rey. ISBN 978-0-345-51152-2.
^ Tremeer, Eleanor (August 29, 2016). "Supreme Leader Snoke Origins Revealed In Star Wars 7 Book Aftermath?". Moviepilot. Archived from the original on February 6, 2017. Retrieved January 23, 2017.
^ Star Wars vAnnual, 1 (December 9, 2015), Marvel Comics
^ "Rebo, Max". StarWars.com. Archived from the original on October 3, 2008. Retrieved October 8, 2008.
^ "Gran". StarWars.com. Retrieved March 23, 2017.
^ "Carlist Rieekan, General". StarWars.com. Retrieved October 8, 2008.
^ "Romba". RebelScum.com. Retrieved March 16, 2017.
^ Fry, Jason (August 18, 2014). Star Wars in 100 Scenes. Dorling Kindersley. ISBN 1465420126.
^ a b Veekhoven, Tim (September 13, 2013). "Tessek, Sim Aloo, Pagetti Rook ... Kenner Action Names Sold Separately!". StarWars.com. Retrieved March 16, 2017.
^ "Rukh". StarWars.com. Archived from the original on November 12, 2017. Retrieved November 11, 2017.
^ "Sabé". StarWars.com. Retrieved December 29, 2016.
^ "Star Wars: Blogs | Sompeetalay's Source Blog | Handmaiden ID Roster". StarWars.com. Archived from the original on October 11, 2008. Retrieved December 19, 2016.
^ Gray, Claudia (May 3, 2016). Bloodline. Del Rey. ISBN 978-0-345-51136-2.
^ "Star Wars: Droids Turns 30 – A Look Back at the Animated Series". IGN. Retrieved December 20, 2017.
^ "Sebulba". StarWars.com. Archived from the original on June 4, 2011. Retrieved October 8, 2008.
^ Hidalgo, Pablo (June 18, 2002). "From EU to Episode II: Aayla Secura". StarWars.com. Archived from the original on June 4, 2011. Retrieved December 29, 2016.
^ Pete Vilmur (January 23, 2009). "Jennifer Hale: Twi'lek Time". StarWars.com. Archived from the original on June 4, 2011.
^ "Aayla Secura". StarWars.com. Retrieved March 10, 2017.
^ Tremeer, Eleanor (March 6, 2017). "From Leia Organa To Rey: 6 Most Powerful Female Jedi In Star Wars". Moviepilot. Archived from the original on February 9, 2017. Retrieved March 10, 2017.
^ a b Hawkes, Rebecca (January 5, 2016). "Star Wars: The Force Awakens: 12 things they cut from the film". The Telegraph. Retrieved December 29, 2016.
^ "Korr Sella". StarWars.com. Retrieved December 29, 2016.
^ "Senesa, Zev (Rogue Two)". StarWars.com. Archived from the original on June 4, 2011. Retrieved October 13, 2008.
^ "Sing, Aurra". StarWars.com. Archived from the original on June 4, 2011. Retrieved October 13, 2008.
^ Britt, Ryan (May 24, 2018). "Becket Killed Who? In 'Solo', Lando's Aurra Sing Reference Explains Bossk". Inverse. Retrieved May 28, 2019.
^ Breznican, Anthony (July 16, 2015). "Star Wars: Aftermath novel reveals tragic, violent uprising after Return of the Jedi". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved September 2, 2015.
^ Crouse, Megan (April 26, 2016). "5 of Rae Sloane's Greatest Moments". StarWars.com. Retrieved March 10, 2017.
^ "Snaggletooth". StarWars.com. Retrieved March 16, 2017.
^ Dyer, James (August 25, 2015). "JJ Abrams Spills Details On Kylo Ren". Empire. Retrieved August 25, 2015.
^ "Snootles, Sy". StarWars.com. Retrieved November 13, 2008.
^ Wilkins, Jonathan (May 4, 2016). "Star Wars Insider #165: 10 Highlights!". StarWars.com. Retrieved May 24, 2016.
^ Trivedi, Sachin (April 26, 2016). "Star Wars: Bloodline: New short story reveals Leia's ally Greer Sonnel". International Business Times. Retrieved December 31, 2016.
^ Schedeen, Jesse (June 3, 2016). "Star Wars Delivers Huge Change for Han Solo". IGN. Retrieved February 9, 2017.
^ Schedeen, Jesse (October 13, 2016). "Star Wars: Who Is Sana Solo?". IGN. Retrieved February 9, 2017.
^ "Su, Lama". StarWars.com. Retrieved October 8, 2008.
^ "Lucasfilm Holocron Blog Entry". StarWars.com. Archived from the original on February 23, 2012. Retrieved February 24, 2009.
^ Star Wars: The Clone Wars, episode: "Liberty on Ryloth".
^ She is first introduced in a video on the Star Wars YouTube Channel: Star Wars Rebels: Meet Hera, the Pilot
^ "Tagge, General". StarWars.com. Retrieved October 8, 2008.
^ Darth Vader 2 (February 25, 2015), Marvel Comics
^ "Tambor, Wat". StarWars.com. Archived from the original on June 22, 2011. Retrieved October 25, 2010.
^ "Tarkin". StarWars.com. Retrieved September 22, 2011.
^ "Tarpals, Captain". StarWars.com. Retrieved October 8, 2008. [permanent dead link]
^ "TC-14". StarWars.com. Retrieved February 19, 2016.
^ Rucka, Greg (Dec 18, 2015). Before the Awakening. Disney Lucasfilm Press. ISBN 9781484728222.
^ "Tessek". StarWars.com. Retrieved November 25, 2008. [permanent dead link]
^ "SQUID HEAD". RebelScum.com. Retrieved March 22, 2017.
^ Darth Vader 8 (August 5, 2015), Marvel Comics
^ "Grand Admiral Thrawn". StarWars.com. Retrieved December 29, 2016.
^ Breznican, Anthony (July 16, 2016). "Star Wars Rebels resurrects Grand Admiral Thrawn". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved July 16, 2016.
^ Lenker, Maureen Lee (March 16, 2018). "Porgs, Rose Tico, Luke Skywalker, and more get animated for Star Wars Forces of Destiny". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved July 19, 2018.
^ Wein, Elizabeth (Dec 15, 2017). Star Wars The Last Jedi: Cobalt Squadron. Disney Lucasfilm Press. ISBN 1368008372.
^ Minotti, Mike (December 15, 2017). "Celebrate The Last Jedi with some Star Wars gaming deals and new content". VentureBeat. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
^ "Designing The Last Jedi's Rose Tico and Amilyn Holdo for Galaxy of Heroes". StarWars.com. Retrieved April 10, 2018.
^ Carson, Rae (December 5, 2017). "Hear Nothing, See Nothing, Say Nothing". Canto Bight. Del Rey. ISBN 9781524799533.
^ "Clone Trooper Tup". StarWars.com. Retrieved December 30, 2016.
^ "Letta Turmond". StarWars.com. Retrieved December 28, 2016.
^ "Typho, Gregar". StarWars.com. Retrieved October 8, 2008. [permanent dead link]
^ "Ratts Tyerell". StarWars.com. Retrieved December 26, 2017.
^ "Databank: U9-C4". StarWars.com. Retrieved February 19, 2016.
^ "Unduli, Luminara". StarWars.com. Archived from the original on June 4, 2011. Retrieved August 23, 2016.
^ "Valorum, Supreme Chancellor Finis". StarWars.com. Retrieved October 8, 2008. [permanent dead link]
^ Star Wars Insider 41, "Stamp of Approval", page 30.
^ Kaminski, Michael (2008) [2007]. The Secret History of Star Wars (3.0 ed.). Legacy Books Press. ISBN 978-0-9784652-3-0.
^ Siegel, Lucas (January 21, 2017). "Star Wars: Thrawn Origin Novel Synopsis Released". Comicbook.com. Retrieved March 4, 2017.
^ "Veers, General Maximilian". StarWars.com. Retrieved July 13, 2015.
^ "AT-AT Commander". StarWars.com. Retrieved March 16, 2017.
^ "Ventress, Asajj". StarWars.com. Archived from the original on June 4, 2011. Retrieved October 8, 2008.
^ "Databank: WAC-47". StarWars.com. Retrieved February 19, 2016.
^ "Warok". RebelScum.com. Retrieved March 16, 2017.
^ "We, Taun". StarWars.com. Retrieved October 8, 2008.
^ "Wesell, Zam". StarWars.com. Retrieved October 8, 2008.
^ "Snap Wexley". StarWars.com. Retrieved December 26, 2015.
^ Anderson, Tre'vell (December 16, 2015). "J.J. Abrams' good luck charm Greg Grunberg reveals his Force Awakens character Snap Wexley". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 16, 2015.
^ "Windu, Mace". StarWars.com. Archived from the original on June 4, 2011. Retrieved October 8, 2008.
^ "Wuher". StarWars.com. Retrieved November 8, 2008.
^ "Kazuda "Kaz" Xiono". StarWars.com. Retrieved December 26, 2018.
^ "Yaddle". StarWars.com. Archived from the original on August 28, 2011. Retrieved December 29, 2016.
^ "Yoda". StarWars.com. October 8, 2008.
^ "Wullf Yularen Character History (Canon) – Star Wars Explained". Star Wars Explained. Retrieved March 28, 2017.
^ Pena, Abel G.; Kaufman, Ryan (July 2006). "Underworld: A Galaxy of Scum and Villainy". Star Wars Insider. No. 89. IDG Entertainment.
^ Cerasi, Christopher (February 26, 2003). "Bounty Hunters - Zuckuss". The Official Star Wars Fact File. No. 61. De Agostini.
^ Jeter, K.W. (June 1998). The Mandalorian Armor. Bantam Spectra. ISBN 0553578855.
^ Lewis, Ann Margaret (April 1, 2001). The Essential Guide to Alien Species. Del Rey. ISBN 0345442202.
Fictional universe of Star Wars
Admiral Ackbar
Doctor Aphra
Darth Bane
Lieutenant Connix
Tag Greenley
HK-47
Kyle Katarn
Kreia
Orson Krennic
Bink Otauna
Sheev Palpatine / Darth Sidious
Admiral Piett
Darth Plagueis
Kylo Ren (Ben Solo)
Anakin Skywalker / Darth Vader
Supreme Leader Snoke
Jacen Solo
Iden Versio
Grand Moff Tarkin
Grand Admiral Thrawn
Watto
Wicket W. Warrick
The Clone Wars characters
Rebels characters
Legends characters
Rogue Squadron
Figrin D'an and the Modal Nodes
Max Rebo Band
New Republic
Planets and moons
Dagobah
Kashyyyk
Naboo
Hutt
Sarlacc
Tusken Raiders
Wookiee
List of creatures
Terrestrial vehicles
Sandcrawler
Starfighters
Mon Calamari cruiser
Star Destroyer
Galactic Civil War
Mos Eisley
Original trilogy
Prequel trilogy
The Phantom Menace
Attack of the Clones
Sequel trilogy
The Rise of Skywalker
Forces of Destiny
Detours (unaired)
Television films
The Ewok Adventure
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10480
|
__label__wiki
| 0.660739
| 0.660739
|
Vocal coach
This article possibly contains original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. (July 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Vocal coach Seth Riggs at a 2013 vocal workshop
A vocal coach, also known as a voice coach (though this term often applies to those working with speech and communication rather than singing), is a music teacher, usually a piano accompanist, who helps singers prepare for a performance, often also helping them to improve their singing technique and take care of and develop their voice, but is not the same as a singing teacher (also called a "voice teacher"). Vocal coaches may give private music lessons or group workshops or masterclasses to singers. They may also coach singers who are rehearsing on stage, or who are singing during a recording session. Vocal coaches are used in both Classical music and in popular music styles such as rock and gospel. While some vocal coaches provide a range of instruction on singing techniques, others specialize in areas such as breathing techniques or diction and pronunciation.
1 Roles
2 Training and experience
3 Methods of instruction
4 Nomenclature: vocal coach vs. voice teacher
Roles[edit]
A vocal coach is sometimes responsible for writing and producing vocal arrangements for four-part harmony for backup vocalists or helping to develop counter melodies for a secondary vocalist. Some vocal coaches may also advise singers or bands on lyric-writing for a music production. Some critics allege that in some cases where popular music recordings credit a singer for work as a vocal coach during a recording, this may be a subtle way of acknowledging a ghostwriting role, in which the coach writes lyrics for a singer-songwriter or rapper.
In the 2000s, the increasing use of recording software which contains vocal processing algorithms and digital pitch correction devices is replacing some of the roles of the vocal coach. In the 1970s, if a producer wanted to record a single with a popular sports star with few vocal skills, the celebrity would need weeks of vocal coaching to learn their song and improve their tone and diction. In the 2000s, the vocals are often processed through pitch correction software instead, and rhythm can be corrected with Pro Tools. This enables 2000s-era producers and audio engineers to in order to make an untrained performer's singing sound closer to that of a trained vocalist.
Training and experience[edit]
The training and education of vocal coaches vary widely. Many vocal coaches are former or current professional singers. Some vocal coaches have extensive formal training, such as a Bachelor of Music, a Master of Music, a Conservatory diploma, or degrees in related areas such as foreign languages or diplomas in human kinetics, posture techniques, or breathing methods. On the other hand, some vocal coaches may have little formal training, and so they rely on their extensive experience as a performer. For example, a native German language speaker who moves to the US may begin providing German diction coaching to amateur vocal students, and over several decades, this vocal coach may develop a broad range of on-the-job experience in coaching German-language singing styles such as lieder and Wagnerian opera.
Vocal coaches may also come to their profession through other routes, such as related musical professions or from other fields. Some vocal coaches, for example, are rehearsal pianists with decades of experience accompanying singers, or former or current choral, music theater, or symphony conductors. More rarely, vocal coaches may come to the profession from a non-musical route. For example, a specialist in Alexander Technique, yoga, or medical aspects of the throat and vocal cords may begin to specialize in coaching and training singers.
The vocal coaching field is competitive, especially at the highest professional levels. Salaries vary greatly, as do the conditions of work. While a small number of top vocal coaches can command very high hourly or daily rates, most vocal coaches, like most other music and arts professionals, tend to have salaries which are below the average for other professions which require a similar amount of education and experience, such as economists or bank managers. The work conditions vary widely, from part-time or occasional freelance work for individual singers, opera companies, or record companies, to full-time contracts or multi-year jobs for universities (coaching vocal performance students and students in opera courses) or music theater companies.
Methods of instruction[edit]
While vocal coaches use many different techniques to teach singing, they will usually instruct students in one or more of the following methods:
Private singing lessons (usually in 30-minute, 45-minute or 60-minute increments)
Group lessons (this is two or more students working with the vocal coach; for example, a barbershop quartet might get coaching as a group)
Recording studio coaching that takes place in a recording studio with a microphone and multitrack recording equipment, which is operated by an audio engineer. Singing for recordings requires different singing techniques than singing at live shows. To give one example, when a singer is performing at a small coffeehouse gig without a microphone, she does not need to worry about "plosive" consonants (such as the letter "p"); however, when singing in front of a microphone, words with the letter "p" can be overemphasized by the microphone, due to the nature of the way we produce these sounds.
Workshops (by definition a workshop involves a number of students and the vocal coach; as well, there may be an audience watching the workshop process)
Digitally or through online singing lessons (e.g., via Skype or Facetime) in which audio or video is transmitted of the instructor singing and the student imitates the instructor. The instructor can also hear the student sing and provide coaching on her or his singing. In most cases, there is a small delay in the audio transmitted during digital voice lessons so the instructor is not able to actively accompany the student. Instead, the voice teacher plays a tone or chord and demonstrates the scale or exercises which he wishes for the student to sing. The student then imitates the instructor. The instructor can then modulate the scale upwards while the student follows singing the same scale pattern.
Accompaniment by a pianist is often part of vocal coaching. The vocal coach may double as a vocal coach and as an accompanist. In other cases, the vocal coach may hire an accompanist to play during the coaching sessions. The piano is one of the most common instruments used for accompaniment, as it can be used to play basslines, chords and melodies at the same time. Other instruments may also be used (e.g., guitar, Hammond organ, etc.) but are less common.
Nomenclature: vocal coach vs. voice teacher[edit]
Within the community of voice teachers, there has been some debate about the terms "vocal coach" and "voice teacher".
While many believe the terms are synonymous, some professionals in the music community hold that the terms have slightly different meanings.
The terms "voice teacher" and "singing teacher" are most often used to refer to a teacher that has been educated and instructs vocal pedagogy, while a vocal coach may not possess the same education level.
In universities, for example, it would be rare to have a professor of voice refer to themselves as a vocal coach, even though they may teach private lessons.
Additionally, the term "voice teacher" or "singing teacher" normally refers to an instructor whose main role is developing the singing voice. The term "vocal coach", on the other hand, may be appropriated by someone who works on stage performance, vocal style or a host of other subjects that are related to voice, but not necessarily teach singing.[1]
List of vocal coaches
^ "Singing Coach vs Voice Teacher: What's the Difference?". Octave Higher East. 2017-07-30. Retrieved 2017-07-31.
Types · Genres
Vocables
Voice classification
Voice type
Bass-baritone
Non-classical music
Concepts · Techniques
Backup vocals
Crooning
Lead vocals
Passaggio
Scat singing
Sprechgesang
Vocal range
Vocal register
Vocal resonation
Vocal weight
Death growl
(popular music)
In-ear monitor
Sound reinforcement system
Choirmaster
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vocal_coach&oldid=892364271"
Vocal coaches
Voice teachers
Occupations in music
Articles that may contain original research from July 2011
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10481
|
__label__cc
| 0.507186
| 0.492814
|
Forensic Files – Crime Documentary Series
April 23, 2017 By Parkaman Magazine Leave a Comment
Forensic Files
Forensic Files® is a pioneer in the field of fact-based, high-tech, dramatic storytelling. This series of television programs delves into the world of forensic science, profiling intriguing crimes, accidents, and outbreaks of disease from around the world.
Follow coroners, medical examiners, physicians, emergency medical and law enforcement personnel, the press and legal experts as they seek solutions to puzzling, often baffling cases whose riddles are ultimately solved by forensic detection.
True-crime buffs will love the engrossing blend of detail, mystery, and medical investigation. Forensic Files® puts a new spin on the “whodunit” genre.
Currently Forensic Files exists of 15 Seasons (404 Episodes). It aired for the first time in 1996.
You can currently still buy the series on Amazon on DVD (as of June 26, 2009, Amazon.com says the DVD has been discontinued by the manufacturer.). You can also watch all Episodes on Amazon Prime. Several episodes are also available on distributor FilmRise’s YouTube channel.
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10482
|
__label__cc
| 0.558359
| 0.441641
|
Employee Vs Employer Court Cases IndiaChapter 21 Labour Resources And Human Resources Management
Related Gallery: Keep Squirrels Out Of Trees | Tamil Aunties Photo | G 9 Ext Atwood | Pay Stubs | Nigerian Marine Pastors Exposed | Birkenstock Marron Plastique | Side Effects Of Eating Tiger Nuts | Ammar Door Seal | Mary Meyer Wubbanub Infant Pacifier Lily Llama | Kids Karaoke Video | Nigerian Marine Pastors Exposed | Electronics Inc Rockleign Nj 07647 | Aisha Birthday Cake Image | How Many Amur Tigers Are Left | Ammar Door Seal | Keep Squirrels Out Of Trees | Hospital Furniture Autocad | Tamil Aunties Photo | Electronics Inc Rockleign Nj 07647 | Electronics Inc Rockleign Nj 07647 | Tiger In The Mouth 2016 Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Â
à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à ªà à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à Â
|
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10483
|
__label__cc
| 0.503867
| 0.496133
|
EDWARD VIII (1894-1972) Photograph Signed
click to see larger image
Name: EDWARD VIII (1894-1972) Photograph Signed
EDWARD VIII PHOTOGRAPH Signed.
King of the United Kingdom and Emperor of India from January to December 1936 and Later Duke of Windsor.
Photograph, signed and dated by Edward, 1915. The then Prince of Wales, looking much younger than his 21 years is shown in vignette head and shoulders in the uniform of the Grenadier Guards. The photograph is by the Court Photographer, Speaight of 157 New Bond Street, London and bears his impressed blind stamp at bottom left corner. The photographer has also signed his name in pencil in minute writing at the lower right corner of the image.
Photograph measures approx 9.5 x 6.5 inches. It has some indentation/slight creasing to edges where it had previously been mounted in a frame and two small pinholes at top edge and bottom left corner. It is otherwise in very fine condition.
The future Edward VIII had been invested as Prince of Wales in 1911. When World War I broke out in 1914, Edward had reached the minimum age for active service and was very keen to participate. Lloyd George prohibited his involvement for fear that he might be captured by the Germans but, nevertheless, Edward was a frequent visitor to the Front and witnessed trench warfare at first hand.
Ecommerce by http://www.instantestore.com
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10484
|
__label__wiki
| 0.909454
| 0.909454
|
Stepmother charged with killing 9-year-old girl
by veena August 22, 2016 0176
UPDATE: Ex-husband of step-mom accused of killing girl arrested
New York, Aug 21 (IANS) A woman of Indian origin was charged on Saturday with killing her nine-year-old step daughter whose lifeless body was found in a bathtub in their home, according to media reports.
Arjun Samdhi Pardas, the 55-year-old step mother, allegedly strangled Ashdeep Kaur on Friday, local media quoted police as saying. Kaur had come to the US only about three months ago from India.
This is the second incident involving step mothers of Indian origin in New York City. Last month 35-year-old Sheetal Ranot was convicted of slashing her 12-year-old step daughter with a broken metal broom handle so severely that it cut her wrist to the bone.
In the latest case, The New York Daily News said that a neighbor had seen Pardas come out of a shared bathroom on Friday and later leave the house with her two grandchildren telling her that the child was taking a shower. When the neighbor went to use the bathroom later that evening, she found Kaur’s lifeless body in the bathtub.
Police tracked down Pardas and arrested her. WCBS said two children with her were taken away by child protection authorities.
An uncle of Kaur, Manjinder Singh told the News, “Her father wanted her to be here, to stay in US. There are better schools over here. Everything is good. She was doing good, learning English.”
He told the Post that the child had complained of abuse by her step mother, but it had not alarmed him because “that is how we grew up in Punjab”. He added, “I was thinking, ‘It’s normal, it’s OK. It’s family,’.”
The News said that according to relatives, Pardas came from Guyana and the child had lived with her mother in Punjab.
Kaur’s 35-year-old father, Sukjinder Singh, was distraught and had to be helped to a car after he visited the police station where Pardas was taken by police.
The family lived in Richmond Hill, an area with a large immigrant population of Indian origin, in the Queens district of New York City.
In the earlier case decided last month, Sheetal Ranot and her husband, Rajesh, were also accused of torturing the child for two years, including locking her up in a room without food or water for extended periods of time, the News reported, quoting officials.
For the child endangerment and assault charges Sheetal Ranot was convicted of, she faces up to 25 years in prison, the newspaper reported. Rajesh, who also faces similar charges, is to be tried later. They were both arrested in 2014, but the case came up for trial only last month.
They also lived in in Queens in the Ozone Park neighborhood, which has a large immigrant population.
Sex, not income, determines division of chores in US houses
Ex-husband of step-mom accused of killing girl arrested
Four plead guilty in call centre scandal
veena September 10, 2017
Stanford scientist turns cancer cells into harmless cells
veena March 18, 2015
Silicon Valley couple shot dead by daughter's ex-boyfriend
veena May 6, 2017
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10486
|
__label__wiki
| 0.959974
| 0.959974
|
Reg Meuross – “A true wordsmith with 6 strings” a very special show at Olympic Studios, London
May 24, 2018 @ 7:30 pm - 10:45 pm
« Reg Meuross live at Chettle Village Hall
Reg Meuross with Anna Tanvir at Heart Of Devon, Bow Village Hall »
Reg is delighted to have been invited by the legendary Olympic Studios to do a concert. So we’re making this a very special show. Watch this space. TICKETS HERE
“A brilliant songwriter and true modern troubadour with a social conscience”said Mark Radcliffe when Reg Meuross played live on the BBC Radio 2 Folk Show earlier this year. The Somerset based singer-songwriter who has performed at the Albert Hall and has been playing acoustic and folk clubs the length and breadth of England, Scotland and Wales, as well as delighting audiences around the world, for over 30 years now seems, finally, to be getting some of the recognition he deserves.
Reg has been invited by producer Chris Kimsey, best known for his work with the Rolling Stones, to perform live at London’s legendary Olympic Studios in Barnes on May 24th. The recording studio, which was the go-to place for the likes of the Stones, Jimi Hendrix and Led Zeppelin back in the music industry’s ‘golden era’, has now been converted into a plush cinema so the audience will be sitting very comfortably. Chris explains why he has invited Reg to bring his songs to the venue: “Reg Meuross has a memory and heart that grows words with music. His repertoire grows faster than the speed of light in a state of grace. A folk singer in genre but comparable with Pepys who was a lifelong bibliophile and carefully nurtured his large collection of books, manuscripts, and prints, one of the finest collections in existence. Reg has found the same path for his social musical observations.”
“This is a real honour”says Reg “and so it’s fitting to make this a very special concert, including a premiere of some brand new songs, never played live before.”
The prolific Meuross has been touring the length and breadth of the UK with a ‘Two Album Tour’ with both hard hitting ‘Faraway People’ which turns a much needed spotlight on pressing social issues such as austerity measures and refugees, plus a stunning compilation ‘Songs About A Train.’ He has also found time to write and perform a song cycle, ’12 Silk Handkerchiefs,’ about Hull’s ‘triple trawler tragedy’ of 1968 which he researched with the author of the book ‘Headscarf Revolutionaries’ Dr Brian Lavery, who narrates the show which has so far been performed once live in Hull with local musician Sam Martyn.
And it doesn’t stop there: Seth Lakeman’s next album will contain some Lakeman/Meuross co-writes, and most recently Pete Townshend has selected Reg to write and record songs for an important new project, based around the Woody Guthrie song Deportees, explaining: “What Reg does is so pure, so honest, so strong and moral. He is a musician of conscience, and so his music has an additional component in it – journalistic emphasis and factual strength.”
But listen to Reg Meuross and you will soon realise it’s not all protest, he has penned some of the most beautifully disarming love songs and lyrics ever written.
Reg Meuross first emerged onto the acoustic music scene in the 1980s with The fast paced duo Panic Brothers, before forming the band The Flamingos which featured ex Graham Parker guitarist Martin Belmont, Bob Loveday from The Penguin Cafe Orchestra & Bob Geldof’s Band & Alison Jones of The Barely Works. They recorded one album called ‘Arrested’.
In 1996 Reg decided to go solo and has since released 11 highly acclaimed studio albums: The Goodbye Hat, Short Stories, Still, Dragonfly, All This Longing, The Dreamed And The Drowned, Leaves & Feathers, England Green & England Grey, December and Faraway People and Songs About A Train.
The years of touring and playing solo as well as with many other acclaimed artists at art centres, music clubs and festivals the length and breadth of the UK as well as abroad and an award winning catalogue of albums, established his songs as “the hinges upon which swing the doors of perceptive English folk” (Folkwords).
“echoes of early Dylan, Tom Paxton and Leonard Cohen.” The Guardian.
“Powerful and moving songwriting” The Telegraph
“A brilliant singer-songwriter and true troubadour with a social conscience” Mark Radcliffe Radio 2
“A mighty songwriter and an equally fine singer” Martin Carthy
“One of the most talented storytellers of our generation” Pennyblack Music
“There’s something special about the way he writes and delivers a song” Townes Van Zandt.
gigs, News
Barnes, Chris Kimsey, Deportees, Folk, gigs, legendary, Live, London, Olympic Studios, Pete Townshend, Reg Meuross, Rolling Stones, Singer Songwriter, Studio, Woody Guthrie
Olympic Studios
117-123 Church Rd
Barnes, London SW13 9HL United Kingdom + Google Map
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10493
|
__label__cc
| 0.689462
| 0.310538
|
Home / Beauty / Blood Pressure / Health. / Home Remedies / How to / Men / Stomach / Treatment / Women / 7 Health Benefits of Sambong Tea
7 Health Benefits of Sambong Tea
7:22 AM Beauty, Blood Pressure, Health., Home Remedies, How to, Men, Stomach, Treatment, Women
Sambong is widely regarded as herbal medicine. It is a tropical plant that grows in the wild in East and South-East Asian countries.
The Sambong plant is mainly a weed by nature hence, does not need much care to grow. The herb is said to smell and taste like camphor. The Government of Philippines has recognized this herb to possess kidney cleansing properties.
The leaves of the Sambong plant are used fresh or after being dried, both. Sambong was listed by the Department of Health in the Philippines as one of the 10 herbs that are effective in treating certain disorders. It is the most commonly used herb in the Philippines. Sambong is also used in Chinese and Thai folk medicines.
Sambong tea benefits
Sambong tea is mostly used for treating kidney stones and as a cure for hypertension. Among other things, it is also considered anti-diarrheal and anti-spasmodic In addition, it cures common cold and helps in the treatment of urinary tract infections.
The major benefits of Sambong tea are –Diuretic
Sambong tea is known to work as a diuretic, it induces urination and helps flush out sodium and excess fluid from the body through the urine. Thus, this herbal tea helps prevent fluid retention, too.
Lowers Blood Pressure
Sambong tea, due to its unique properties as well as being a diuretic, helps lower blood pressure by removing excess sodium from the blood, which is a major component in increasing blood pressure and hypertension. Although further studies are required to prove it, Sambong tea may also help people suffering from high levels of cholesterol.
Delays Renal Failure
At the Philippine National Kidney and Transplant Institute, the use of Sambong tea is being recommended for patients with renal (kidney) problems.
Some results also pointed towards the favorable effect of Sambong in cases of kidney transplant and where patients were in the need of a dialysis, by possibly averting the condition.
Sambong has recently been registered as a medicine in the Bureau of Foods and Drugs. The Department of Health in the Philippines has been promoting the use of Sambong tea to dissolve kidney stones for a while now and has even conducted clinical studies in this regard. It is also believed to aid with other disorders of the kidney.
Cures Sore Throat
A tea made from Sambong leaves is said to act as an expectorant which will aid in getting rid of mucus and phlegm, along with curing a sore throat. It is also believed to provide relief from the common cold and fever.
Provides Relief from Stomach Ailments
If you are suffering from stomach ailments like diarrhea, spasms, or pain in the stomach, drinking Sambong tea may prove to be a good treatment for these problems.
Analgesic Properties
Among the other uses and benefits of Sambong tea, it may act as an analgesic in patients that need relief from pain after a dental operation.
Source of Antioxidants
Sambong tea has flavonoids, which are pigments from a plant that act as antioxidants. Antioxidants protect our body cells and DNA from being damaged by free radicals.
Preparation of Sambong Tea
To make Sambong tea, you need to boil the Sambong leaves in water and let it simmer for about 10-15 minutes, prepare this tea and store it in a clean container. Drink this tea throughout the day, at least 3-4 times for maximum benefits. The smell is aromatic and pungent but also soothing at the same time.
There haven’t been sufficient studies of the use of Sambong tea by pregnant women or women who are breast-feeding, hence it is better that its use be avoided in both cases.
As the Sambong plant is a weed, it may cause an allergic reaction like itching and irritation of the skin in people who are sensitive to ragweed plants and its likes.
Sambong extracts also possess many medicinal properties and are believed to be antifungal, antibacterial along with being an astringent and providing relief from rheumatism.
The full nature and benefits of this herb are yet to be uncovered; it will require additional studies and tests to understand the full potency of this herb and how it plays a role in looking after the human body and mind.
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10494
|
__label__cc
| 0.670126
| 0.329874
|
Home > Research > Researchers > Dr Amit Chopra > Publications
Dr Amit Chopra
Supple: Multiagent Communication Protocols with Causal Types
Günay, A., Chopra, A. K. & Singh, M. P., 13/05/2019, AAMAS '19 Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and MultiAgent Systems. Richland, SC: IFAAMAS, p. 781-789 9 p.
Crowd-Informed Goal Models
Kanchev, G. M., Murukannaiah, P. K. & Chopra, A. K., 21/08/2018, 2018 5th International Workshop on Artificial Intelligence for Requirements Engineering (AIRE). IEEE, p. 47-53 7 p.
Compositional Correctness for Multiagent Interactions
V, S. H. C., Chopra, A. K. & Singh, M. P., 10/07/2018, Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems. Dastani, M., Sukthankar, G., Andre, E. & Koenig, S. (eds.). Richmond SC: IFAAMAS, p. 1159-1167 9 p.
Sociotechnical Systems and Ethics in the Large
Chopra, A. K. & Singh, M. P., 3/02/2018, Proceedings of the AAAI/ACM Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Ethics, and Society. New Orleans, 7 p.
Canary: Extracting Requirements-Related Information from Online Discussions
Kanchev, G. M., Murukannaiah, P. K., Chopra, A. K. & Sawyer, P., 26/09/2017, Proceedings of the 25th IEEE International Requirements Engineering Conference. Lisbon: IEEE, p. 31-40 10 p.
Canary: An Interactive and Query-Based Approach to Extract Requirements from Online Forums
Kanchev, G. M., Murukannaiah, P. K., Chopra, A. K. & Sawyer, P., 26/09/2017, Proceedings of the 25th IEEE International Requirements Engineering Conference. Lisbon: IEEE, p. 470-471 2 p.
Tosca: Operationalizing Commitments over Information Protocols
King, T. C., Günay, A., Chopra, A. K. & Singh, M. P., 23/08/2017, Proceedings of the 26th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI). Melbourne: IJCAI, p. 256-264 9 p.
The Internet of Things and Multiagent Systems: Decentralized Intelligence in Distributed Computing
Singh, M. P. & Chopra, A. K., 17/07/2017, Proceedings of the 37th IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS). Atlanta: IEEE, p. 1738-1747 10 p.
Splee: A declarative information-based language for multiagent interaction protocols
Chopra, A. K., V, S. H. C. & Singh, M. P., 8/05/2017, AAMAS '17 Proceedings of the 16th Conference on Autonomous Agents and MultiAgent Systems. São Paolo: IFAAMAS, p. 1054-1063 10 p.
PRIMA 2016: Principles and Practice of Multi-Agent Systems - 19th International Conference, Phuket, Thailand, August 22-26, 2016, Proceedings
Baldoni, M. (ed.), Chopra, A. K. (ed.), Son, T. C. (ed.), Hirayama, K. (ed.) & Torroni, P. (ed.), 10/08/2016, Springer. 418 p. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science; vol. 9862)
Research output: Book/Report/Proceedings › Proceedings
Custard: Computing norm states over information stores
Chopra, A. K. & Singh, M. P., 9/05/2016, AAMAS '16 Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems. Richland, SC: IFAAMAS, p. 1096-1105 10 p.
From social machines to social protocols: Software engineering foundations for sociotechnical systems
Chopra, A. K. & Singh, M., 04/2016, 25th International World Wide Web Conference 11-15 April 2016. p. 903-914 12 p.
Normative Multi-Agent Systems (Dagstuhl Seminar 15131)
Chopra, A. K., Torre, L. V. D., Verhagen, H. & Villata, S., 18/09/2015, In : Dagstuhl Reports. 5, 3, p. 162-176 15 p.
Composing and verifying commitment-based multiagent protocols
Baldoni, M., Baroglio, C., Chopra, A. K. & Singh, M. P., 1/07/2015, Proceedings of the 24th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI). p. 10-17 8 p.
Generalized commitment alignment
Chopra, A. K. & Singh, M. P., 05/2015, Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS 2015). Bordini, R. H., Elkind, E., Weiss, G. & Yolum, P. (eds.). IFAAMAS, p. 453-461 9 p.
Cupid: commitments in relational algebra
Chopra, A. K. & Singh, M. P., 2015, Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. AAAI, p. 2052-2059 8 p. (AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence).
Social contexts and social pragmatics
Baldoni, M., Baroglio, C., Chopra, A. K. & Singh, M. P., 2015, AAMAS '15 Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems . Richland, SC: International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, p. 1739-1740 2 p.
Social media through the requirements lens: a case study of Google Maps
Kanchev, G. M. & Chopra, A. K., 2015, Proceedings of 1st International Workshop on Crowd-Based Requirements Engineering. IEEE, p. 7-12 6 p.
Protos: foundations for engineering innovative sociotechnical systems
Chopra, A. K., Dalpiaz, F., Aydemir, F. B., Giorgini, P., Mylopoulos, J. & Singh, M. P., 08/2014, Requirements Engineering Conference (RE), 2014 IEEE 22nd International. IEEE, p. 53-62 10 p.
The thing itself speaks: accountability as a foundation for requirements in sociotechnical systems
Chopra, A. K. & Singh, M. P., 08/2014, p. 22-22. 1 p.
Research output: Contribution to conference - Without ISBN/ISSN › Abstract
Research directions in agent communication
Chopra, A. K., Artikis, A., Bentahar, J., Colombetti, M., Dignum, F., Fornara, N., Jones, A. J. I., Singh, M. P. & Yolum, P., 03/2013, In : ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology. 4, 2, p. 1-23 23 p., 20.
Trust-based specification of sociotechnical systems
Paja, E., Chopra, A. K. & Giorgini, P., 2013, In : Data and Knowledge Engineering.
The evolution of interoperability
Chopra, A. K. & Singh, M. P., 2012, Declarative Agent Languages and Technologies IX: 9th International Workshop, DALT 2011, Revised Selected and Invited Papers. Sakama, C., Sardina, S., Vasconcelos, W. & Winikoff, M. (eds.). Berlin: Springer, p. 90-94 5 p. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science; vol. 7169).
Analyzing contract robustness through a model of commitments
Chopra, A. K., Oren, N., Modgil, S., Desai, N., Miles, S., Luck, M. & Singh, M. P., 2011, Agent-Oriented Software Engineering XI: 11th International Workshop, AOSE 2010, Toronto, Canada, May 10-11, 2010, Revised Selected Papers. Weyns, D. & Gleizes, M-P. (eds.). Berlin: Springer, p. 17-36 20 p. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science; vol. 6788).
Colaba: collaborative design of cross-organizational business processes
Chopra, A. K. & Singh, M. P., 2011, Requirements Engineering for Systems, Services and Systems-of-Systems (RESS), 2011 Workshop on. IEEE, p. 36-43 8 p.
Commitments with regulations: reasoning about safety and control in REGULA
Marengo, E., Baldoni, M., Baroglio, C., Chopra, A. K., Patti, V. & Singh, M. P., 2011, Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS '11). Richland, SC: International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, Vol. 2. p. 467-474 8 p. (AAMAS '11).
Requirements engineering for social applications
Chopra, A. K. & Giorgini, P., 2011, Proceedings of the 5th International i* Workshop. Castro, J., Franch, X., Myopoulos, J. & Yu, E. (eds.). CEUR-WS.org, Vol. 766. p. 138-143 6 p. (CEUR Workshop Proceedings).
Requirements-driven adaptation: compliance, context, uncertainty, and systems
Chopra, A. K., 2011, Requirements@Run.Time (RE@RunTime), 2011 2nd International Workshop on. IEEE, p. 32-36 5 p.
Social computing: principles, platforms, and applications
Chopra, A. K., 2011, Requirements Engineering for Social Computing (RESC), 2011 First International Workshop on. IEEE, p. 26-29 4 p.
Sociotechnical trust: an architectural approach
Chopra, A. K., Paja, E., Giorgini, P. & Chopra, A., 2011, Conceptual Modeling – ER 2011: 30th International Conference, ER 2011, Brussels, Belgium, October 31 - November 3, 2011. Proceedings. Jeusfeld, M., Delcambre, L. & Ling, T-W. (eds.). Berlin: Springer, p. 104-117 14 p. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science; vol. 6998).
Specifying and applying commitment-based business patterns
Chopra, A. K. & Singh, M. P., 2011, The 10th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems - Volume 2. Richland, S.C.: International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, p. 475-482 8 p. (AAMAS '11).
Adaptation in open systems: giving interaction its rightful place
Dalpiaz, F., Chopra, A. K., Giorgini, P. & Mylopoulos, J., 2010, Conceptual Modeling – ER 2010: 29th International Conference on Conceptual Modeling, Vancouver, BC, Canada, November 1-4, 2010. Proceedings. Parsons, J., Saeki, M., Shoval, P., Woo, C. & Wand, Y. (eds.). Berlin: Springer, p. 31-45 15 p. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science; vol. 6412).
Elements of a business-level architecture for multiagent systems
Chopra, A. K. & Singh, M. P., 2010, Programming Multi-Agent Systems: 7th International Workshop, ProMAS 2009, Budapest, Hungary, May 10-15, 2009. Revised Selected Papers. Braubach, L., Briot, J-P. & Thangarajah, J. (eds.). Berlin: Springer, p. 15-30 16 p. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science; vol. 5919).
Modeling and reasoning about service-oriented applications via goals and commitments
Chopra, A. K., Dalpiaz, F., Giorgini, P. & Mylopoulos, J., 2010, Advanced Information Systems Engineering: 22nd International Conference, CAiSE 2010, Hammamet, Tunisia, June 7-9, 2010. Proceedings. Pernici, B. (ed.). Berlin: Springer, p. 113-128 16 p. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science; vol. 6051).
Reasoning about agents and protocols via goals and commitments
Chopra, A. K., Dalpiaz, F., Giorgini, P. & Mylopoulos, J., 2010, AAMAS '10 Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems: Volume 1. Richmond, S.C.: International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, p. 457-464 8 p.
The evolution of Tropos: contexts, commitments and adaptivity
Ali, R., Chopra, A. K., Dalpiaz, F., Giorgini, P., Mylopoulos, J. & Souza, V. E. S., 2010, Proceedings of the 4th International iStar Workshop. Castro, J., Franch, X., Mylopoulos, J. & Yu, E. (eds.). CEUR-WS.org, p. 15-19 5 p. (CEUR-WS Proceedings; vol. 586).
Commitment-based service-oriented architecture
Singh, M., Chopra, A. & Desai, N., 11/2009, In : Computer. 42, 11, p. 72-79 8 p.
Amoeba: a methodology for modeling and evolution of cross-organizational business processes
Chopra, A., Desai, N. & Singh, M., 10/2009, In : ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology. 19, 2, p. 1 45 p., 6.
Choice, interoperability, and conformance in interaction protocols and service choreographies
Baldoni, M., Baroglio, C., Chopra, A. K., Desai, N., Patti, V. & Singh, M., 2009, Proceedings of The 8th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems. Richland, S.C.: International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, Vol. 2. p. 843-850 8 p.
Correctness properties for multiagent systems
Singh, M. P. & Chopra, A. K., 2009, Declarative Agent Languages and Technologies VII: 7th International Workshop, DALT 2009, Budapest, Hungary, May 11, 2009. Revised Selected and Invited Papers. Baldoni, M., Bentahar, J., Riemsdijk, M. B. V. & Lloyd, J. (eds.). Berlin: Springer, p. 192-207 16 p. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science; vol. 5948).
Multiagent commitment alignment
Chopra, A. K. & Singh, M. P., 2009, Proceedings of The 8th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS '09). Richland, S.C.: International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, Vol. 2. p. 937-944 8 p. (AAMAS '09).
Programming multiagent systems without programming agents
Singh, M. P. & Chopra, A. K., 2009.
Constitutive interoperability
Chopra, A. K. & Singh, M. P., 2008, AAMAS '08 Proceedings of the 7th international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems - Volume 2. Richmond, S.C.: International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, p. 797-804 8 p.
Interoperation in protocol enactment
Chopra, A. K. & Singh, M. P., 2008, Declarative Agent Languages and Technologies V: 5th International Workshop, DALT 2007, Honolulu, HI, USA, May 14, 2007, Revised Selected and Invited Papers. Baldoni, M., Son, T. C. & Riemsdijk, M. B. V. (eds.). Berlin: Springer, p. 36-49 14 p. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science; vol. 4897).
Engineering foreign exchange processes via commitment protocols
Desai, N., Chopra, A. K., Arrott, M., Specht, B. & Singh, M. P., 2007, Services Computing, 2007. SCC 2007. IEEE International Conference on. Los Alamitos: IEEE Computer Society Press, p. 514-521 8 p.
Representing and reasoning about commitments in business processes
Desai, N., Chopra, A. K. & Singh, M. P., 2007, Proceedings of the 22nd Conference on Artificial Intelligence. AAAI, p. 1328-1333 6 p.
Business process adaptations via protocols
Desai, N., Chopra, A. K. & Singh, M. P., 2006, Services Computing, 2006. SCC '06. IEEE International Conference on. IEEE, p. 103-110 8 p.
Contextualizing commitment protocols
Chopra, A. K. & Singh, M. P., 2006, AAMAS '06 Proceedings of the fifth international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems. New York: ACM, p. 1345-1352 8 p.
OWL-P: a methodology for business process development
Desai, N., Mallya, A. U., Chopra, A. K. & Singh, M. P., 2006, Agent-Oriented Information Systems III: 7th International Bi-Conference Workshop, AOIS 2005, Utrecht, Netherlands, July 26, 2005, and Klagenfurt, Austria, October 27, 2005, Revised Selected Papers. Kolp, M., Bresciani, P., Henderson-Sellers, B. & Winikoff, M. (eds.). Berlin: Springer, p. 79-94 16 p. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science; vol. 3529).
Interaction protocols as design abstractions for business processes
Desai, N., Mallya, A. U., Chopra, A. K. & Singh, M. P., 1/12/2005, In : IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering. 31, 12, p. 1015-1027 13 p.
Protocols for processes: programming in the large for open systems
Singh, M. P., Chopra, A. K., Desai, N. & Mallya, A. U., 1/12/2004, In : ACM SIGPLAN Notices. 39, 12, p. 73-83 11 p.
Nonmonotonic commitment machines
Chopra, A. & Singh, M. P., 2004, Advances in Agent Communication: International Workshop on Agent Communication Languages, ACL 2003, Melbourne, Australia, July 14, 2003. Revised and Invited Papers. Dignum, F. (ed.). Berlin: Springer, p. 183-200 18 p. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science; vol. 2922).
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10495
|
__label__cc
| 0.706787
| 0.293213
|
HIllingdon Council
Uxbridge Chamber of Commerce
Uxbridge Gazette
Literacy Project For London
On the 14th June the Mayor Boris Johnson and I visited Botwell Green School in Hillingdon to launch a new reading and literacy project which seeks to recognise the critical role played by parents in children’s education. The project aims to help children aged 3-5 who are struggling with their literacy skills by providing families with the practical skills to support learning both at home and at school.
We were also joined by, the internationally renowned pop star and father of two, Peter Andre who acted as a reading ambassador, encouraging parents to become more involved in their child’s learning.
The project is currently running in 12 boroughs, with the target being to enlist the help of over 500 volunteers in the capital, of which we hope to gain 30 from Hillingdon alone.
Reading ‘The Gruffalo’ to the excited year- two pupils it is easy to see the power that reading has in inspiring their imaginations. Books should never be seen as a chore; instead they are a way to help us navigate the seas of human life.
To finish on a favourite quote, “TV. If children are entertained by these two letters, imagine the fun they’ll have with twenty-six. Open your child’s imagination. Open a book.”
No Responses to “Literacy Project For London”
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10499
|
__label__wiki
| 0.757843
| 0.757843
|
The Deputy Mayor of London
The Deputy Mayor of London is a post established within the GLA Act (1999) and is a statutory position and role. The individual who holds the post must be an elected member of the London Assembly and is appointed by the Mayor of London. Two people have held the post before me, Nicky Gavron (Labour) for seven years and Jenny Jones (Green) for one year. Both served under Ken Livingstone.
The London Assembly is one part of the Greater London Authority (GLA), which also includes the Mayor of London and approximately 700 members of supporting staff. The London Assembly was established in 2000 and has 25 elected members. There are 14 constituencies, each electing one member, with a further 11 members elected from a party list.
Local councillors roles have changed dramatically over the past ten years. With the advent of Cabinet government in local authorities obliterating the former committee system with its interminable meetings, back bench members such as myself can focus their attention on the community, ward, that they represent.
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10500
|
__label__cc
| 0.651854
| 0.348146
|
Be A Mason
2b1 ask1
How to Become a Mason
Freemasonry is the oldest, largest Fraternity in the world. Its members have included Kings, Presidents, Prime Ministers, Statesmen, Generals, Admirals, Supreme Court Chief Justices, corporate CEOs, opera stars, movie stars, and probably, your next door neighbor.And Masonry is always ready to welcome good men in the Fraternity.
It's ready to welcome YOU, if in your heart you can answer "yes" to a few questions.
Do you believe that there is such a thing as honor, and that a man has a responsibility to act with honor in everything he does?
Masons teach that principle. We believe that a life not founded on honor is hollow and empty -- that a man who acts without honor is less than a man.
Do you believe in God?
No atheist can be a Mason. Masons do not care what your individual faith is -- that is a question between you and your God -- but we do require that a that a man believe in a Supreme Being.
Are you willing to allow others the same right to their own beliefs that you insist on yourself?
Masonry insists on toleration -- on the right of each person to think for himself in religious, social and political matters.
Do you believe that you have a responsibility to leave the world a better place than you found it?
Masonry teaches that each man has a duty not only to himself but to others. We must do what we can to make the world a better place. Whether that means cleaning up the environment, working on civic projects, or helping children to work or read or see -- the world should be a better place because we have passed through it.
Do you believe that it is not only more blessed to give than to receive, it's also more fun?
Masons are involved with the problems and needs of others because we know it gives each of us a good feeling -- unlike any other -- to help. Much of our help is given anonymously. We're not after gratitude, we're more than rewarded by that feeling which comes from knowing we have helped another person overcome some adversity, so that their life can go on.
Are you willing to give help to your Brothers when they need it, and to accept their help when you need it?
Masonry is mutual help. Not just financial help (although that's there, too) but help in the sense of being there when needed, giving support, lending a sympathetic ear.
Do you feel that there's something more to life than financial success?
Masons know that self-development is more precious than money in the bank or social position or political power. Those things often accompany self-development, but they are no substitute for it. Masons work at building their lives and character, just as a carpenter works on building a house.
Do you believe that a person should strive to be a good citizen and the we have a moral duty to be true to the country in which we live?
Masons believe that a country is strong as long as freedom, equality, and the opportunity for human development is afforded to all. A Mason is true to his government and its ideals. He supports its laws and authority hen both are just and equitably applied. We uphold and maintain the principles of good government, and oppose every influence that would divide it in a degrading manner.
Do you agree that man should show compassion for others, that goodness of heart is among the most important of human values?
Masons do. We believe in a certain reverence for living things, a tenderness toward people who suffer. A loving kindness for our fellow man, and a desire to do right because it is right. Masonry teaches that although all men are fallible and capable of much wrong, when they discover the goodness of heart, they have found the true essence of virtue. Masonry helps men see their potential for deep goodness and virtue.
Do you believe that men should strive to live a brotherly life?
Masons see brotherhood as a form of wisdom, a sort of bond that holds men together -- a private friendship that tells us we owe it to each other to be just in our dealings and to refuse to speak evil of each other. Masons believe a man should maintain an attitude of good will, and promote unity and harmony is his relations with one another, his family, and his community. Masons call this way of believing in the Brotherhood of Man. It really means that every Mason makes it his duty to follow the golden rule. This is why Masonry has been called one of the greatest forces for good in the world.
IF YOU ANSWERED "YES", YOU SHOULD CONSIDER BECOMING A MASON.
Freemasonry offers much to its members -- the opportunity to grow, the chance to make a difference, to build a better world for our children. It offers the chance to be with and work with men who have the same values and ideals -- men who have answered "YES" to these questions.
It's easy to find out more. Just find a Mason and ask him about Masonry. You probably know several Masons. Perhaps you've seen the Square and Compasses like the one on this page or on a pin or tie tack or bumper sticker. If you know where the lodge is in your community, stop by or look up the number of your local Masonic lodge in the phone book and ask for the secretary of the lodge. He'll be happy to help you.
Petition the Lodge
Petition for Affiliation
Use Masonic Secretary Forms
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10508
|
__label__cc
| 0.74798
| 0.25202
|
I am pleased to send you this edition of my electronic newsletter. These e-newsletters enable me to provide information about issues, events and activities in Harrisburg and around the 46th Senatorial District to you in a timely manner while saving postage costs.
If you find this e-newsletter useful, I invite you to visit my website www.senatorbartolotta.com for more information about your state government. You can also keep up to date through Facebook (www.facebook.com/senatorbartolotta), Twitter (www.twitter.com/senbartolotta) and Instagram (https://www.instagram.com/senatorbartolotta/).
If you do not wish to receive these e-newsletters, please click the "unsubscribe" button at the bottom of the page.
Camera Bartolotta
Legislative Agenda for New Session Begins to Take Shape
Over the past several weeks, I have worked with my staff and my colleagues in the General Assembly to develop an ambitious legislative agenda that tackles the most pressing needs of our local communities and the challenges facing the state as a whole. I have already begun introducing bills to address some of the most pressing concerns we face.
More information regarding some of the issues I plan to focus on over the next two-year legislative session – including protecting taxpayers, addressing health care and the opioid crisis, reforming the criminal justice system, protecting our veterans, and supporting business and job growth – is below.
Protecting Taxpayers
The continued growth in state spending is a serious concern. If state spending is allowed to grow unchecked, taxpayers will be asked to pay even more in taxes. I strongly believe that tax increases are something that lawmakers should try to avoid at all costs.
I recently announced plans to re-introduce an amendment to the Pennsylvania Constitution that would establish the “Taxpayer Protection Act,” which sets limits on the growth in state spending. More information about the bill is available here.
Health Care and the Opioid Crisis
The opioid crisis remains one of the most significant health concerns in a generation. Too many lives have been lost to addiction, and we need to find new ways to help individuals and families who are affected by this terrible disease. I look forward to re-introducing two bills I authored in the last session that are designed to address different aspects of the addiction crisis.
Proper treatment offers the promise to help many individuals break free from addiction. I plan to re-introduce a bill that would require a more patient-centered approach that takes into account the unique needs and circumstances of each patient. Providing more individualized care could help many more patients who desperately need assistance. More information about the bill is available here.
I also plan to continue the fight to hold drug dealers more accountable for the damages they cause to their customers. I have already re-introduced a bill that would create tougher penalties against drug dealers who cause serious bodily injuries through the distribution of illicit drugs. More information about that measure is available here.
In addition to addressing the opioid crisis, I am also committed to ensuring rural Pennsylvanians continue to have access to quality health care services. I plan to re-introduce a bill that was passed by the Senate last session to modernize the Professional Nursing Law for Advanced Practice Registered Nurses and provide full practice authority to nurse practitioners. More information on the need to allow nurse practitioners to provide all of the services they are trained to offer is available here.
I also plan to introduce a bill to create a new reporting system to identify available beds in psychiatric treatment facilities to improve patient care (more info here), as well as a bipartisan measure with Senator Judy Schwank to improve screening, diagnosis and treatment of postpartum depression (more info here).
In addition to creating a new Criminal Justice Reform Caucus in the General Assembly to examine ways to reduce corrections costs and better rehabilitate offenders, I recently announced plans to introduce bipartisan legislation to address deficiencies in the criminal justice system.
Along with my colleague Senator Anthony Williams, I plan to introduce a bill that would update probation policies in Pennsylvania. The bill would ensure fair probation practices and reduce the number of technical violations that prevent offenders who have completed their sentences from fully re-integrating into society. More information on the bill is available here.
Protecting Pennsylvania’s Veterans
Pennsylvania’s veterans have earned a special place of respect and admiration for their incredible service and sacrifice. I plan to reintroduce two bills from last session designed to provide assistance to the brave men and women who have served our nation in the military.
A bill I am sponsoring along with my colleague Senator Elder Vogel would expand the Property Tax Exemption Program for disabled veterans to provide assistance to a larger number of military veterans. More details are available here. I also will continue to advocate the creation of a special logo to help promote veteran-owned and disabled veteran-owned businesses. More information about that proposal is available here.
Support Economic Development and Job Growth
As the new Chair of the Senate Labor and Industry Committee, I look forward to leading efforts in the General Assembly to improve workforce development and ensure state residents are prepared for the jobs of today and tomorrow.
I plan to partner with my colleague Senator James Brewster to introduce a bill that would help expand training opportunities by eliminating limitations that prevent the branch campuses of Private Licensed Schools from expanding into new areas. Additional details are available here.
I also plan to introduce a two-bill package that will help improve the permit appeals process. The bills will help business clear significant hurdles to new development projects by creating more certainty in the permitting process and streamlining the process for appeals. More information about these proposals is available here.
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10509
|
__label__wiki
| 0.748723
| 0.748723
|
Randy Newman will never be a million-seller, and he’s fine with that
Handout photo of Randy Newman, performing at the Capitol Theatre on 11/19/17. Credit: Pamela Springsteen.
By Jay Cridlin
Published November 15 2017
Updated November 15 2017
Maybe it’s fitting that the Los Angeles Dodgers didn’t win the World Series. Maybe it’s better that all of Southern California didn’t pop Champagne and celebrate as Randy Newman’s I Love L.A. blared through the Dodger Stadium speakers.
Instead, Dodgers fans can spend the off-season flipping through the rest of Newman’s iconic catalog, soothing their frustrations with any number of his much more sardonic and melancholy works.
"On my own, the type of song that I’m interested in writing is not going to appeal to millions of people," Newman said recently. "That’s just the way it is, and I’m perfectly happy with that."
Less than two weeks shy of his 74th birthday, the multiple Oscar, Grammy and Emmy winner sounds like he means it. When he hits Clearwater’s Capitol Theatre Sunday night, he may play I Love L.A., or his quirky hit Short People, or the Toy Story soundtrack smash You’ve Got a Friend In Me. Most of the set will feature older, beloved cuts like Political Science, Baltimore or It’s Money That I Love, plus compositions made famous by others (Mama Told Me Not to Come, You Can Leave Your Hat On, I Think It’s Going to Rain Today). And he’ll definitely play songs from Dark Matter, his brainy and resonant first studio album in nine years.
But on the day we spoke, shortly after the Dodgers’ season-ending loss to the Houston Astros, Newman was simply hanging in L.A., with no plans to play much of anything.
"Just home today," he chuckled. "Any music will be an accident."
Sorry about the Dodgers and the World Series. They’ll be back, I’m sure.
They’ll be back, but Houston will be back there with them.
What’s the best perk of having an unofficial sports anthem in your catalog?
I went to a few ball games this year, and they won, and they’d play it at the end, and people are smiling and saying hello to me. It’s pretty nice. And surprising. Same thing is true with Disneyland — I took my granddaughter, and I’m all over the place there. It’s so odd, because the bulk of my stuff is not in the middle of the road. For me to be at Disneyland is a little odd.
They’re opening a Toy Story Land at Disney World next year. Have they brought you in to work on that project?
No, they use somebody who’s less expensive to replicate it. They used my orchestrator to do that Cars Land ride, to do some simulacrum of the music. They may invite me to the preview. I’ll go.
Ten or 12 years ago, I had one of the most unexpectedly moving musical experiences I’ve ever had. I’m on the subway in Boston, and there’s this busker in an empty station with a tiny amp and electric guitar, playing this emotional version of Baltimore.
I can still hear it. I’ve never had that experience with a street musician before.
I’ll be damned!
Have you ever had a version of one of your songs really take you by surprise?
Etta James’ version of God’s Song. Took me by surprise that she did it, and that she did it so phenomenally movingly. I’m glad that people do my songs, but I tend to like them less well than I like my own, irrespective of the fact that they may have better voices and may sing better. I recorded years ago with Barbra Streisand, and she did I Think It’s Going to Rain Today. I didn’t think anything of it, really. I didn’t necessarily like it. It didn’t come out at the time. She released it in the last couple of years, and it’s really good. I mean, of course, it’s that voice, which is so remarkable, but it’s also a good version. One of the best, if not the best.
Didn’t Glenn Frey sing on Baltimore, and a lot of Little Criminals?
Glenn Frey and Don Henley.
How were they as collaborators? Because they didn’t seem to be much into compromise when it came to working with each other.
Uncompromising in their search for quality. They’d be there for hours getting it right, because they’re world-class experts. You listen to it and you think, Well, that’s in tune, and it sounds all right. But you realize after a while that they’re right. They really were meticulous about that kind of thing, on my behalf and their own. They were more careful than I was.
Were they part of your social circle in the 1970s? Were you tighter with Frey and Henley and the whole Laurel Canyon scene, or more with Harry Nilsson and Alice Cooper and the Hollywood Vampires and that lot?
I had no social scene. I had a family, and that was it. I’d see Harry pretty often. Then around the time he met Lennon, I didn’t see him anymore. Henley, I’d see occasionally. I didn’t hang out at the Troubadour that much. But I’d see Ronstadt occasionally, and Henley, and Harry in the beginning. But really, I wasn’t part of any of it.
Back then, did you find yourself measuring your success, or lack thereof, against your peers? Whether it was Harry or Billy Joel or John Lennon or whoever?
You know, probably. I remember hearing Just the Way You Are in a hotel. I was trying to go to sleep, listening to the radio, and I heard it: "Here’s the new Billy Joel!" And I thought, Oh, he’s going past me on the ladder with this one. (laughs) It wasn’t like I was happy: "Oh, it’s just fine with me not to sell more!" I was always trying to have more people like what I did. Eventually I reconciled myself to the fact that I’m not going to be a million-seller. Except when I’m writing for a movie and I fall into it.
What’s your metric for success, then? If it’s not sales, is it good reviews? Cultural relevance? Because you certainly hit the relevance nail on the head with Dark Matter, especially the song Putin.
Getting reviews like that is very nice. I’ve always had good reviews, but these are really, very good. I like the fact that people who do what I do respect what I do. People like Don Henley and Jackson Browne and other songwriters seem to like what I do. It’s always meant a lot to me, maybe more than it should. I grew up around musicians, and getting the respect of an orchestra like my uncle (composer Alfred Newman) had, and like I have now, has always meant a tremendous amount to me.
Contact Jay Cridlin at cridlin@tampabay.com or (727) 893-8336. Follow @JayCridlin.
8 p.m. Sunday, Capitol Theatre, 405 Cleveland St., Clearwater. $39.25 and up. (727) 791-7400. atthecap.com.
Jay Cridlin
Entertainment Critic
30 years after Say Anything, John Cusack comes to Tampa ready to reflect on Lloyd
Before a Straz Center screening, the actor talks about how fans still relate hard to one of his most iconic roles.
What’s happening on Tampa Bay stages: ‘Fun Home,’ Natasha Leggero
Local shows tackle political satire and the moon landing this week, too.
Before Fitz and the Tantrums hit Tampa, singer talks tireless touring and all-ages fans
Michael “Fitz” Fitzpatrick and his indie pop band play the Yuengling Center with Young the Giant on Thursday.
Tampa Bay’s top concert picks: Dave Matthews Band, Dierks Bentley, Anuel AA
Also catch Fitz and the Tantrums and Young the Giant at the Yuengling Center, plus Howard Jones and Men Without Hats at Ferg’s.
SoundBytes: The Menzingers, Reverend Horton Heat, Cristela Alonzo, Trina and more
Catch up on today's Tampa Bay concert announcements.
Blueface cancels next week's concert at Jannus Live in St. Petersburg
A promoter said the 'Thotiana' rapper's whole tour was canceled.
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10514
|
__label__wiki
| 0.914088
| 0.914088
|
Gary Woodland posa con el trofeo tras ganar el torneo U.S. Open Championship el domingo 16 de junio de 2019, en Pebble Beach, California, EEUU. (AP Foto/Carolyn Kaster)
Column: Score not the measure of when US Open is a good test
DOUG FERGUSON | AP Golf Writer
PEBBLE BEACH, Calif. (AP) — The leaderboard next to the 18th green at the U.S. Open again was filled with red numbers under par.
The only difference was the scenery.
This was Pebble Beach, set along the rugged California coast. Gary Woodland finished at 271 for a three-shot victory over Brooks Koepka. They were among 11 players who broke 280, for so many years the scoring standard of a strong test at the U.S. Open.
It might as well have been Erin Hills, built on pure Wisconsin pastureland, where two years ago Koepka shot 272 for a four-shot victory in a U.S. Open littered with red numbers — eight players broke 280 — and complaints that the toughest test in golf had lost its identity.
In fact, they shared one identity: Neither had any wind.
It's rare for Pebble Beach to have virtually no wind over four days of any tournament, much less a U.S. Open. Only two players in the previous five U.S. Opens at Pebble Beach shot lower than 284 — Tiger Woods (272) with his 15-shot victory in 2000, the year no one else broke par; and Tom Watson (282) when he finished birdie-birdie for a two-shot victory over Jack Nicklaus in 1982.
There were 31 players who were at 283 or better at this U.S. Open, including amateur Viktor Hovland and Nate Lashley, a 36-year-old making his U.S. Open debut.
The overwhelming verdict was the USGA got this U.S. Open right, perhaps because everyone was expecting something to go wrong.
Phil Mickelson even tipped his cap.
Remember, it was Mickelson who said, "One hundred percent of the time, they have messed it up if it doesn't rain." He tried to sidestep compliments on Thursday ("It seems like they did a heck of job") until he was practically gushing on Sunday, even after he extended his record to 0-28 in the one major he has never won.
"It's perfect," he said. "It's a perfect, hard test."
On that it's difficult to argue.
The rough was so lush and gnarly that it took brute strength to get shots to stop on the green. The putting surfaces became increasingly faster as the week went on, even though they never had that sheen from the sun, because it was hiding behind a thick marine layer all week.
This U.S. Open at Pebble had no shadows.
The fairways were about as narrow as in 2010, when Graeme McDowell won at even par. In some cases, they were narrower.
Where the USGA got it right was not reacting to soft clouds and little more than a breeze. Where the setup staff got it right was not hyperventilating at the sight of so many red numbers on the board and in the record book.
The lowest U.S. Open round at Pebble Beach was the 65 by Woods in the first round of his historic rout.
Justin Rose matched it Thursday. Woodland matched it Friday.
They played on until they got the right winner. Woodland might not have the pedigree of other U.S. Open champions at Pebble Beach, but he delivered the kind of shots that will take their place in Pebble Beach lore. He tied a U.S. Open record with only four bogeys in 72 holes.
Koepka might have earned as much respect for his runner-up finish as his previous two U.S. Open titles.
There were no gimmicks, just good golf.
John Bodenhamer, the senior managing director of championships at the USGA, was in charge of setting up the course this year. The USGA says that was the plan all along, for Mike Davis to devote more duties to his role as CEO and turn over the golf course to others. Hardly anyone believed that. It had the look of a knee-jerk reaction from another debacle at Shinnecock Hills the previous year.
Bodenhamer was asked which was more plausible: that a change in duties had been in the works before Shinnecock, or that the USGA doesn't care about par? He laughed, and then came across as more credible than the USGA's standard denial about trying to protect par.
"We do pay attention to score," Bodenhamer said before the U.S. Open. "We want it to be challenging and tough, true to what the architect intended, a fair test that players feel good about it."
The scoring suggests the USGA is going soft. What's happening is the players are getting better.
In the first 56 U.S. Opens played over 72 holes, only once was the winning score 280 or better — Ben Hogan shot 276 to win at Riviera in 1948, and it took nearly 20 years before Jack Nicklaus broke the record at Baltusrol.
Matt Kuchar summed it best two years ago when talking about lower scoring.
"It is what we should expect," Kuchar said. "Guys in any sport ... have figured out how to get better with all the extra work and study and whatever else. We see it everywhere, whether it's the track or the pool. We continue to see better numbers posted."
Why should golf be any different?
The U.S. Open returns to Winged Foot next year for the first time since 2006, when Geoff Ogilvy won at 285 (5 over) and the U.S. Open set an unofficial, modern record of highest score to par with the fewest complaints.
High scoring doesn't mean it was too tough. Low scoring doesn't mean it was too easy.
That's what the USGA seems to have figured out.
And that's why the USGA, subjected to so much criticism in recent years, should feel as good as the guy to whom it gave the trophy.
John Bodenhamer
Viktor Hovland
Shinnecock Hills
Erin Hills
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10522
|
__label__wiki
| 0.770427
| 0.770427
|
Album Review »
Cut Copy and Their Quest to Free Our Minds
Posted by Shafira Desliara On December 15, 2013 0 Comment
Before the official release of Free Your Mind, Cut Copy had had released two singles off the album; Let Me Show You Love, and the title track, Free Your Mind. Not long ago they also released the Fabio-esque video for Free Your Mind, featuring Swedish actor Alexander Skarsgard (yes, that Alexander Skarsgard—the guy portraying that smoldering vampire from that show called True Blood). About halfway through the video, Skarsgard ditched his robe and walked around shirtless, as it appeared that him and his hobo hair was the leader of a cult of misfits. It’s safe to say that the video attracted more pair of eyes and prospective listeners, being what could be said as the perfect fuel to generate the hype for Cut Copy’s upcoming album.
Free Your Mind is the fourth studio album from Cut Copy, out early in November 2013, following the 2011 release of Zonoscope. The press release for the album had stated that it was inspired by the 1967 and 1988-1989 Summers of Love, the periods during the rise of acid house music and MDMA-fuelled rave parties. While I’d gotten a little taste of the album from the two singles that had been released weeks before, twenty one seconds into the album, I was still not entirely sure what to expect. The first track is an intro, an ominous track that persuades you to ‘free your mind’. I suppose the intro is intended to be a warm up to prepare you before the record jumps to the title track, Free Your Mind; a song that is heavy with acid house vibe and consists of Roland-esque bass squelches, 4/4 beats, and reverb-laden ascending piano lines. Free Your Mind is a likable corker, a welcoming entry point, while the next track, We Are Explorers is a bouncy disco hit. It reminds us of the glam of the 80s disco, when you tone down some of the excitement and add more solemn psychedelic specks into it. There’s also Meet Me in a House of Love, the 10th track of the album, with chirping synths and faux saxophones that lend Free Your Mind some buoyancy. The album closes with Mantra, a track which features chant-like vocals that encourage you to (yup, again) “Free your mind,” and as it tries to do so, slowly the cosmic track fades out.
It seems that with more than a decade under their belt, Cut Copy still know how to effectively use all their crafty elements to leave their followers joyously satisfied. In true Cut Copy style, Free Your Mind is dripping with beats that land heavy and strong; keyboards and synths that ring out like beacons of truth; and Dan Whitford’s vocal that veers more towards the dance-rock frontmen from the acid house era, like The Stone Roses’ Ian Brown, and Primal Scream’s Bobby Gilespie. But now Whitford’s voice sounds more accented than on his previous records, while still managing to posses the feathery wraith-like quantity.
All in all, the tracks in Free Your Mind are pretty basic, lyrically and thematically speaking. It’s filled with trippy, corny-but-fun lyrics that are flat and repetitive, that the tracks could have been real anthems at the Summers of Love that took place decades ago, had they existed back then. “Don’t need no gravity to hold our love in place,” sang Dan Whitford on Let Me Show You Love, a lyrical cliché. But we shouldn’t be expecting to find some meaning of life at the bottom of acid house lyrics, anyway. So lyrics aside, the problem is there are some slightly overlong tracks, that at the end fall as dull. Another thing that’s such a shame, though, is the placement of short interludes the band put in between some of their songs. These threatened to pull listeners out of the euphoria the band had worked so hard to send them to. But despite the minor misses, Free Your Mind is full of the 80s radio hits that never were. It’s an album that surely can get the early acid house pioneers such as Danny Rampling, Paul Oakenfold, and Nicky Holloway to smile as they reminisce about the Golden Age of Dance.
TOPICS album reviewcut copyFree Your Mind
Previous: The Next Big Thing (No.42) : Deptford Goth
Next: DIY Psychedelic Punk (A Mixtape by Dead Farmers)
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10524
|
__label__cc
| 0.636338
| 0.363662
|
Tutorial Downloads .com
how to work with Poseidon for UML Embedded Edition and ANSI C as target language | PDF study material
This tutorial gives the user an understanding of how to work with Poseidon for UML Embedded Edition and ANSI C as target language. Examples are used to walk the user through a typical project with Poseidon for UML Embedded Edition. The tutorial serves as a guideline and shows the most important steps necessary for working with Poseidon for UML Embedded Edition.For a detailed description of the ANSI C/C++ code generation please refer to the Embedded Edition User Guide. The installation and registration of Poseidon for UML is explained in the general Poseidon User Guide.
1 INTRODUCTION............................ 4
2 GUI................................................. 5
2.1 C/C++ PROPERTIES PANEL..................5
2.2 C/C++ CODE PREVIEW PANEL .............6
2.3 GENERAL SETTINGS FOR GENERATION .6
3 EXAMPLE PROJECT.................... 7
3.1 IMPLEMENTATION OF CLASSES .............8
3.2 CLASS DISPLAY ...................................8
3.3 CLASS HIFI .........................................9
4 GENERATION ............................. 11
4.1 STRUCTURE OF THE GENERATED FILES ................13
4.1.1 Forward Declaration File ...........13
4.1.2 Declaration File.........................14
4.1.3 Implementation .........................17
4.2 USING THE CLASS HIFI ......................18
4.3 USE OF POLYMORPHISM ....................19
5 GENERATING CODE FOR STATE MACHINES............................................... 22
5.1 HOW TO USE A STATE MACHINE .........23
5.2 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CLASS TUNER ...............23
6 EXTENDING THE EXAMPLE...... 28
7 OPTIMIZATIONS ......................... 30
7.1 OPTIMIZATIONS OF CLASSES...............30
Read this Poseidon for UML Embedded Edition PDF study material
Resource: http://www.gentleware.com/fileadmin/media/pdfs/tutorials/EmbeddedTutorial.pdf
Posted By : Lucky
On date : 07.10.08
Most used CPP Tutorials
CPP ( C++ ) Interview Questions & ANswers
What is encapsulation , What is inheritance , What is Polymorphism, What is constructor or ctor, What is destructor, When are copy constructors called, What is conversion constructor, What is Memory alignment, What is a dangling pointer, What is overloading, What is a Make file
C++ Tutorials ( Ebooks pdf files )
ANSI/ISO C++ Professional Programmer's Handbook ,C++ Essentials (PDF),More C++(PDF) ,C++ QUICK REFERENCE
C++ Tutorial. For Beginners
This usage-oriented online C++ tutorial is intended to help you get your C++ experience on the right foot. Using some Macromedia Flash animations where needed, you will find here all the required information to get efficiently started on your usage of C++ language, independently of the platform you are planning to use it on. After a short introduction aimed at getting you started with the required tools to write and build C++ code source into executable binaries, you will get thrown into the basics of C++ and its control structures, as an algorithmic starting point. Still oriented on the usability, you will be pointed, along with detailed explanations, to the C-style standard functions that can be used in your C++ source code to easien usual tasks. The tutorial will then lead you into the Object Oriented paradigm on C++ language, which will be a must-have in order to understand all the STL(Standard Template Library)-related info that you will find in the last part of this tutorial. After having followed this tutorial, you will be perfectly able to develop and understand Command-line applications written in C++.
A Complete C++ ( CPP ) Tutorial
This is a beginners tutorial on C++ programming. It covers object oriented programming and some C++ basics. You may also check out the C Programming tutorial to learn more on data types, loops, functions, etc. because this is almost similar to C++.
How to Program an 8-bit Microcontroller Using C language (C++ PDF)
This C++ tutorial covers the details of How to Program an 8-bit Microcontroller Using C language. In this PDF covers the Traditional,most 8-BIT embedded Programs have been written in assembly language however, due to a variety of reasons.
MPLAB MCC18 C-PROGRAMMING TUTORIAL
This C++ tutorial covers the details of MPLAB MCC18 C-PROGRAMMING TUTORIAL.IN this PDF covers Basic rules for programming in C,The structure of the program,Variable types,ETC....
C++ Language Tutorial
This tutorial is for those people who want to learn programming in C++ and do not necessarily have any previous knowledge of other programming languages. Of course any knowledge of other programming languages or any general computer skill can be useful to better understand this tutorial, although it is not essential. It is also suitable for those who need a little update on the new features the language has acquired from the latests standards. If you are familiar with the C language, you can take the first 3 parts of this tutorial as a review of concepts, since they mainly explain the C part of C++. There are slight differences in the C++ syntax for some C features, so I recommend you its reading anyway. The 4th part describes object-oriented programming. The 5th part mostly describes the new features introduced by ANSI-C++ standard.
MPLAB C18 C COMPILER USER�S GUIDE | PDF syudy material
This document discusses the technical details of the MPLAB� C18 compiler. This document will explain all functionality of the MPLAB C18 compiler. It assumes that the programmer already: � knows how to write C programs � knows how to use the MPLAB Integrated Development Environment (IDE) to create and debug projects � has read and understands the processor data sheet for which code is being written
C / C++ Language Reference | PDF study material
The C/C++ Language Reference describes the syntax, semantics, and IBM implementation of the C and C++ programming languages. Syntax and semantics constitute a complete specification of a programming language, but complete implementations can differ because of extensions. The IBM implementations of Standard C and Standard C++ attest to the organic nature of programming languages, reflecting pragmatic considerations and advances in programming techniques, which are factors that influence growth and change. The extensions in IBM C and C++ also reflect the changing needs of modern programming environments.
C Programming Tutorial (C++ PDF)
This C++ tutorial covers the details of C Programming Tutorial.IN This tutorial Every program is limited by the language which is used to write it. C is a programmer�s language. Unlike BASIC or Pascal, C was not written as a teaching aid, but as an implementation language. C is a computer language and a programming tool which has grown popular because programmers like it! It is a tricky language but a masterful one.
C/C++ Language Reference (C++ PDF)
This C++ tutorial covers the details of C/C++ Language Reference.In this PDF couers the C/C++ Language Reference describes the syntax, semantics, and IBM implementation of the C and C++ programming languages. Syntax and semantics constitute a complete specification of a programming language, but complete implementations can differ because of extensions. The IBM implementations of Standard C and Standard C++ attest to the organic nature of programming languages, reflecting pragmatic considerations and advances in programming techniques, which are factors that influence growth and change. The extensions in IBM C and C++ also reflect the changing needs of modern programming environments.
Accelerated C++ Practical Programming by Example
If you don't have a lot of time, but still want to learn the latest in C++, you don't have to learn C first. You might learn more by digging into current language features and classes from the very beginning. That's the approach that's offered by Accelerated C++, a text that delves into more advanced C++ features like templates and Standard Template Library (STL) collection classes early on. This book arguably can get a motivated beginning programmer into C++ more quickly than other available tutorials.
C/C++ Language Reference(C++ PDF )
This C++ tutorial covers the details of C/C++ Language Reference.In this PDF couers theC/C++ Language Reference describes the syntax, semantics, and IBM implementation of the C and C++ programming languages. Syntax and semantics constitute a complete specification of a programming language, but conforming implementations of a language specification can differ because of language extensions. The IBM implementations of C and C++ attest to the organic nature of programming languages, reflecting pragmatic considerations and advances in programming techniques. The language extensions to C and C++ reflect the changing needs of modern programming environments.
Effective C++ 55 Specific Ways to Improve Your Programs and Designs
This exceptionally useful text offers Scott Myers's expertise in C++ class design and programming tips. The second edition incorporates recent advances to C++ included in the ISO standard, including namespaces and built-in template classes, and is required reading for any working C++ developer.
MPLAB MCC18 C-PROGRAMMING TUTORIAL | PDF study material
This study guide describes the details of MPLAB MCC18 C-PROGRAMMING.
Latest added CPP Tutorials
The C++ Standard Library Tutorial and Reference
Programming with the C++ Standard Library can certainly be difficult, but Nicolai Josuttis's The C++ Standard Library provides one of the best available guides to using the built-in features of C++ effectively.
Learn Objective C on the Mac Tutorial Book
Take your coding skills to the next level with this extensive guide to Objective�C, the native programming language for developing sophisticated software applications for Mac OS X.
C++ Primer Plus -5th edition tutorial Book
If you are new to C++ programming, C++ Primer Plus, Fifth Edition is a friendly and easy-to-use self-study guide.
C Programming Language - Tutorial Book
By using this Book any one can easily learn C Programming Language.This is the amazon review about this book "Just about every C programmer I respect learned C from this book. Unlike many of the 1,000 page doorstops stuffed with CD-ROMs that have become popular, this volume is concise and powerful (if somewhat dangerous) -- like C itself. And it was written by Kernighan himself. Need we say more?"
A C-language binding for PSL (C++ PDF)
This C++ tutorial covers the details of A C-language binding for PS.In this PDF covers the Assertions Based Verification (ABV) is an approach that is used by hardware design engineers to specify the functional properties of logic designs. Two popular languages based on ABV are the Property Specification Language PSL and the System- Verilog Assertion system SVA [1]. PSL is now an IEEE standard � P1850 [2]. PSL specifications can be used both for the design and for the verification processes. A single language can be used first for the functional specification of the design and later on as an input to the tools that verify the implementation. The backbone of PSL is Temporal Logic [3], [4]. Temporal Logic can describe the execution of systems in terms of logic formulas augmented by time-sequencing operators.
Objective-C Language and GNUstep Base Library Programming Manual (c++ pdf)
This C++ tutorial covers the details of Objective-C Language and GNUstep Base Library Programming Manual. In this PDF covers the aim of this manual is to introduce you to the Objective-C language and the GNUstep development environment, in particular the Base library. The manual is organised to give you a tutorial introduction to the language and APIs, by using examples whenever possible, rather than providing a lengthy abstract description. While Objective-C is not a diffcult language to learn or use, some of the terms may be unfamiliar, especially to those that have not programmed using an object-oriented programming language before. Whenever possible, concepts will be explained in simple terms rather than in more advanced programming terms, and comparisons to other languages will be used to aid in illustration.
PTU C Language Programmers Interface Model PTU-CPI
This C++ tutorial covers the details of PTU C Language Programmers Interface Model PTU-CPI.In this PDF couers the PTU C Language Interface (PTU-CPI) allows you to write custom programs that directly control PTU-D46-xx and PTU-D300-xx pan-tilts. Some feature highlights of the C Language Interface include:
JAVA Tutorial Downloads
SAP Tutorial Downloads
BSD Tutorial Downloads
CPP Tutorial Downloads
ECLIPSE Tutorial Downloads
FIREWALLS Tutorial Downloads
J2EE Tutorial Downloads
J2ME Tutorial Downloads
JBOSS SERVER Tutorial Downloads
Visual Basic ( VB ) Tutorial Downloads
VB.NET & ASP.NET Tutorial Downloads
LINUX Tutorial Downloads
MYSQL Tutorial Downloads
ORACLE Database Tutorial Downloads
PERL Tutorial Downloads
PHP Tutorial Downloads
PYTHON Tutorial Downloads
SOLARIS Tutorial Downloads
SYMBIAN Tutorial Downloads
UML Tutorial Downloads
XML Tutorial Downloads
MAINFRAME Tutorial Downloads
COBOL Tutorial Downloads
SQL Tutorial Downloads
UNIX Tutorial Downloads
WebLogic Server Tutorial Downloads
Photoshop Tutorial Downloads
CCNA Tutorial Downloads
MCSE Tutorial Downloads
System Administration Tutorial Downloads
Flash Tutorial Downloads
Dreamweaver Tutorial Downloads
Fireworks Tutorial Downloads
Web Content Management Tutorial Downloads
osCommerce Tutorial Downloads
Software Testing Tutorial Downloads
Adobe illustrator Tutorial Downloads
SOA Architecture Tutorial Downloads
JSP Tutorial Downloads
JavaFX Tutorial Downloads
GIMP Tutorial Downloads
Multimedia Tutorial Downloads
Networking Tutorial Downloads
C# Tutorial Downloads
Peoplesoft Tutorial Downloads
AutoCAD Tutorial Downloads
HTML Tutorial Downloads
EXCEL Tutorial Downloads
Android Tutorial Downloads
UBUNTU Tutorial Downloads
CATIA Tutorial Downloads
Adobe InDesign Tutorial Downloads
Adobe AIR Tutorial Downloads
ACCESS Tutorial Downloads
site contact info@pdftutorials.com All of the product names here are trademarks of their respective companies. Use information on this site at your own risk. Information furnished in the site is collected from various sites and posts from users. This site does not host any files on its server. If any compliants about the posts please contact us at info@pdftutorials.com, we are ready to move the posts.
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10539
|
__label__cc
| 0.684727
| 0.315273
|
Opportunities for Intercultural Contribution
Wednesday, February 27, 2008, 8:00 pm,
Vancouver International Centre for Contemporary Asian Art
2 West Hastings Street, Vancouver
Twenty years ago, Jack Weatherford created connections with the native roots of the indigenous cultures of the Americas when he published Indian Givers, How the Indians of the Americas Transformed the World. Five years ago, with the publication of Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World, he created connections with the cultural roots of the Mongolian people.
Jack Weatherford revealed the cultural heritage and historical contribution of the Mongolian people to the world. As it emerges from its recent history, Mongolia reveals once again the unique opportunities it offers to experience, learn from, and contribute to our cultural development in the future.
Roger Chilton accompanied Jack Weatherford when he returned to Mongolia last summer to receive the Polar Star, Mongolia’s highest award of appreciation. He will take you on the journey and talk about the opportunities it created for intercultural contribution, and for creating new connections with our native roots throughout the world.
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10545
|
__label__wiki
| 0.670475
| 0.670475
|
Yvonne Barclay
Scottish soprano Yvonne Barclay is a member of the Royal Opera Chorus, which she joined in 2007. She made her Royal Opera debut in 1993 as Papagena (Die Zauberflöte) and sang Frasquita (Carmen), Barbarina (Le nozze di Figaro), High Priestess (Aida) and Javotte (Manon) for The Royal Opera before joining the Chorus. Her solo roles since have included Lap Dancer (Anna Nicole) and Spirit (Cendrillon).
Barclay was born in Ayrshire and studied at the former Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama and the National Opera Studio. She has sung principal roles with such companies as English National Opera, Scottish Opera, Opera North, Opera Northern Ireland, Bremen Opera, Leipzig Opera, the Théâtre du Châtelet and Glyndebourne Festival. In addition to her Royal Opera roles, Barclay’s repertory has included Blonde (Die Entführung aus dem Serail), Zerlina (Don Giovanni), Norina (Don Pasquale), Eurydice (Orphée aux enfers), Gretel, Mélisande and Lucia (The Rape of Lucretia).
Barclay’s recordings include First Niece (Peter Grimes) under Richard Hicox for Chandos, Josephine (HMS Pinafore) for D’Oyly Carte and Molly (Dibdin’s Brickdust Man) for Hyperion. She performs widely in concert and regularly sings for BBC Radio 2’s ‘Friday Night is Music Night’.
Anna Nicole
Cast as Lap Dancer
Yvonne Barclay | Perché No
www.percheno.co.uk
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10547
|
__label__wiki
| 0.607825
| 0.607825
|
Ron Paul News
On Patriot Act Renewal and USA Freedom Act
-Glenn Greenwald
Even in the security-über alles climate that followed 9/11, the Patriot Act was recognized as an extreme and radical expansion of government surveillance powers. That’s why “sunset provisions” were attached to several of its key provisions: meaning they would expire automatically unless Congress renewed them every five years. But in 2005 and then again in 2010, the Bush and Obama administrations demanded their renewal, and Congress overwhelmingly complied with only token opposition from civil libertarians.
That has all changed in the post-Snowden era. The most controversial provisions of the Patriot Act are scheduled to “sunset” on June 1, and there is almost no chance for a straight-up, reform-free authorization. The Obama White House has endorsed the so-called “reform” bill called the USA Freedom Act, which passed the House by an overwhelming majority. Yet the bill fell three votes short in the Senate last week, rendering it very unclear what will happen as the deadline rapidly approaches.
Unlike many privacy and civil liberties groups, the ACLU has refrained from endorsing the USA Freedom Act and instead is advocating for allowing the Patriot Act provisions to sunset — i.e., to die a long overdue death rather than being “reformed.” Meanwhile, almost all of the 86 “no” votes in the House were based on the argument that the USA Freedom Act either does not go far enough in limiting the NSA or that it actually makes things worse.
I spoke yesterday with the ACLU’s Deputy Legal Director, Jameel Jaffer, about what is likely going to happen as the June 1 deadline approaches, whether the USA Freedom Act is a net positive for privacy supporters, and what all of this reform means for Edward Snowden’s status. The discussion is roughly 20 minutes and can be heard on the player below; a transcript is also provided.
(continue)
posted by RPN 5/29/2015
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10549
|
__label__cc
| 0.652744
| 0.347256
|
A Brief History of What Didn't Happen This Year
The Earth has made another 584,020,177-mile sojourn around the sun (give or take 3 inches), which compels us annually to mark the occasion. We have to by fiat, and because it’s in our genetic makeup to dutifully mark anniversaries as if they meant something vital to our survival. Other than orbital patterns and their accompanying seasonal changes, a 365.25-day period itself is rather arbitrary, and I’m sure the constellations had no intention of our looking to them for our frequency of paying taxes, having birthdays, or demarcating school years or football seasons. Oh no, we’ve gone around the sun again! That means we have to crown a new Super Bowl champion! See, we tend to be that way and things.
Now we’re ready to start a new compartment of days with a new number. Then when we’ve got ten of those, we’ll call it a neat little decade. That way, we’ll know kind of music we’re talking about. Everybody goes home contented as clams and happy as cows. (Larks are happy too, aren't they?)
Arbitrary chronomatic designations? Of course. But then so is any time period, be it an hour, a day, or a millennium. They’re just pretty numbers, and that’s precisely why we can’t resist them. They seem to us to carry inherent meaning in them, if not for the fact that they were contrived by us, with us, for us and on behalf of us. Otherwise, they’re virtually dripping in intrinsicness. (Note: It would appear that my lexicon is more extensive than spell checker’s, so sue me)
At any rate, what was the big deal about this 2012 glob we just encountered? We want to feel a heightened level of importance, thus we want to attach some degree of legitimacy to our experiences, particular the more recent ones, and so we want to encapsulate and memorialize our latest journal of entries. Our accomplishments, our memories, our veritable legacy, as it were. At the essence of the matter, we want to come more in touch with our core identities, thinking we can throw a lasso around a set of unrelated random occurrences and associate ourselves with it in some adroit metaphysical maneuver. Or at least that's my initial impression at face value. And with that, we now look at a list of things that didn’t happen in the past 12 orbits of our unassuming yet ever-chronicling moon.
2012 — The Year That Wasn't
What didn’t happen: Siegfried & Roy didn’t perform complex algorithms at a Bon Jovi concert.
Why it didn’t happen: Siegfried perhaps did, but definitely not Roy. Somebody has to keep the operation with its feet firmly planted on the ground, and that would be the aforementioned ever-resolute Roy. Side note: Siegfried is admittedly partial to Rage Against the Machine.
What didn’t happen: The world didn’t end*. (*-except in strategic parts of New Jersey)
Why it didn’t happen: The Mayans were instead merely trying to predict when Desperate Housewives would be going into syndication, and everybody gets their knickers in a bundle.
What didn’t happen: Dick Clark didn’t do the New Year’s Eve countdown.
Why it didn’t happen: He’s grown bored of the whole saga and feigned his death so he could enter the witness protection program and live out the rest of his days with high school buddies Elvis and George Burns in Bora Bora.
What didn’t happen: The Cubs didn’t win the World Series.
Why it didn’t happen: So 1908 wasn’t good enough for you greedy Cubs fans?
What didn’t happen: You didn’t win the lottery. OK, so I got lucky guessing on that one.
Why it didn’t happen: Because nobody wins the lottery except for imaginary people and incredibly lucky zombies.
What didn’t happen: Penn & Teller didn’t invade Belgium.
Why it didn’t happen: Penn ran into complications communicating by walkie talkie with Teller, plus they ran out of army tanks.
What didn’t happen: A news anchor didn’t act nonchalantly about an incredibly unextraordinary occurrence while donning a King Kong suit, doing the backstroke on the newsdesk and singing the full lyrics to “Moving in Stereo.”
Why it didn’t happen: Like they would ever act nonchalantly about something.
What didn’t happen: A mass exodus of squeegee operators didn’t infiltrate a laundromat at closing time.
Why it didn’t happen: Philosophically speaking, feasible if but only for a glut of factors coming together in a perfect storm, so they’d be just as likely to infiltrate an auto parts store at an undisclosed location in the Alps. Stay tuned, because this could get quiet intriguing.
What didn’t happen: A diva once again didn’t make a noteworthy song. Webster’s: noteworthy, n. — something that’s either worth writing home about or that will matter to anyone on the planet in ten years besides their mother.
Why it didn’t happen: See also: duh.
What didn’t happen: Soccer moms didn’t traverse the Serengeti on mopeds.
Why it didn’t happen: They wouldn’t be caught dead out of a mini-van, their natural habitat. So the imagination winces to consider the unlikelihood of the event, let alone its reality.
What didn’t happen: The fiscal cliff wasn’t averted, as lemmings catapulted to their ultimate demise.
Why it didn’t happen: Um, the government is in charge.
What didn’t happen: People didn’t read blogs while looking at this sentence without having déjà vu or flashbacks. People didn’t read blogs while looking at that last sentence.
Why it didn’t happen: Just would never happen. Too pie-in-the-sky for my pragmatic propensities. (Did I read that already? I didn’t think so. For a minute there, I thought I might be hallucinating. Hmm. Is it safe to come out of the parentheses yet?) Ah, thanks. A little stuffy in there. Feel like I can breathe now…
What didn’t happen: We didn’t see the first woman U.S. president.
Why it didn’t happen: Women are too smart to mess with such tomfoolery or chuckwoolery.
What didn’t happen: Metallica didn’t write a song called “Smurfs Are Our Friends.”
Why it didn’t happen: Because Smurfs aren’t their friends. Like it took a neurosurgeon to analyze that one.
What didn’t happen: I didn’t get rich and move to Paris.
Why it didn’t happen: Paris, meh. Furthermore, Eiffel Schmeiffel.
What didn’t happen: Gerunds were not expanded to include the word “Peking.”
Why it didn’t happen: Asiatic linguists were heard all around to be saying “No Peking.” Actually, they were just in a grumpy mood. OK, so linguists are always in a grumpy mood, but that’s beside the point.
What didn’t happen: Hell didn’t freeze over.
Why it didn’t happen: Global warming.
What didn’t happen: Reality shows didn’t exist.
Why it didn’t happen: I continued to fail to recognize them as part of my perpetual moratorium against inanity.
What didn’t happen: Monkeys didn’t create the complete works of Shakespeare.
Why it didn’t happen: They were busy writing popular romance novels.
What didn’t happen: Hypnosis wasn’t added to general health insurance premiums.
Why it didn’t happen: All in good time, once there's money in it.
What didn’t happen: Pigs didn’t fly.
Why it didn’t happen: They were engineered for taste.
What didn’t happen: The Cowboys didn’t make the playoffs.
What didn’t happen: We didn’t change to a Base-17 numbering system.
Why it didn’t happen: People are too firmly ensconced in tradition. And it doesn’t match our toes.
What didn’t happen: There was no “Land Before Time” animated dinosaur video release.
Why it didn’t happen: It was an even-numbered year. 2013: Fossil Retaliation.
And there you have it, the things that we unfortunately didn’t see happen in our illustrious 52-week period of non-events. That’s what we were missing, in case we start to pat ourselves on the back with an overinflated false sense of accomplishment. It’s now quite evident we could’ve done much better.
And then my annual predictions of the coming year…
Gee, I sure hope I’m right.
Ruminating 3.0 Upgrade Patch Fix
The following is required reading in order to update your synapses to the latest version of Rusted Ruminations and stay on course for any subsequent posts. Use of your own perspective is generally recommended, though you may occasionally suspend your psyche and rely on other more convenient methods as needed.
You are reading this statement. In a few seconds, you will no longer be reading it.
Madagascar 3 is advertising on my banana with a QR code sticker. I seriously need to fire my publicity director.
I'd like to propose a toast to Metta World Peace...
Life is coming along quite nicely, just as planned. My birthdays are occurring right on schedule.
Hey, you over there in the corner... what are you lookin' at on your screen? Haven't you ever seen anyone typing before?
Realize that you have no limits. But you may need to take a nap first.
As always, I'm writing this in real time. So it was live when I typed it. Now let's see if technology can keep it live.
Lotteries are a scam because you have to first buy the ticket, and then remember not to set it on fire.
You can tell a lot about a person by the way they do everything.
Does who carry more -- Drew Carey or Drew Barrymore? And then does Drew bury more or Drew carry more?
Don’t ever feel authentically flattered by someone who’s seeking your money.
For anyone who treats me poorly, when I go back in time I'm going to reconfigure your life history. That'll teach you to not be so crass.
For what shall it profit a man, if he shall win a cockroach eating contest, and lose his own soul?
Things cost more because we have lawyers manage them. We have lawyers manage them because people can't be trusted. And lawyers are people.
You may have already won something! Then again, you didn't.
All 'if' statements reside within the hypothetical, therefore are excursions into the unreal. 'If’, while fascinating, is ultimately a poor diversionary substitute for truth.
There should be an even number of Supreme Court Justices. What, afraid of a tie?
The biggest pumpkin or largest kumquat doesn't really mean anything. It doesn't make them qualitatively better than the second-heaviest one.
Testing, testing, 4, 9, 7...... Nope, didn't work.
Ask your doctor if bloating, nausea, and vomiting are right for you...
Ah, so it's going to be one of those days... I'll see your day and raise you a week. So take that.
I wrote this twenty minutes ago, projecting myself into the future. And then I realized I made a typo, so I had to go back and have deja vu.
My cell phone battery charge never goes down because I always keep my phone plugged in.
Alert/Notice/Warning/Danger: Beware and be very afraid of things in general just to be on the safe side. Repeat as needed.
Miley Cyrus should be incarcerated for stealing someone else's 15 minutes of fame.
I outlasted my to-do list until it became obscure. Mission accomplished.
Psychoanalysis: People who use the word 'actually' a lot are rather insecure. That didn't count for me using it, incidentally.
If life were a job, anyone possessing sanity would be considered overqualified.
Am now taking requests for my impersonation of Bee Gees tunes sung in a Slavic accent by a rebel mime drowning in a vat of chowder.
It's evident that the inmates are running the asylum, but then I guess the bigger question is why I'm in an asylum in the first place.
Drum roll please... OK, keep that going for a few hours because I like the sound of a drum roll.
I never have chocolate before noon, but occasionally I do have it up to 11 hours after midnight.
Stop wearing light-blue dress shirts with beige khaki pants... It's creeping me out thinking you very well may be an army of clones.
The greatest human folly is in being surprised by human folly, acting as if all error was somehow avoidable and being human is negligence.
Even when I don’t need to do anything there, I like going to the DMV just for the exciting drama of the number countdown.
I'll take the high road, you take the low road, and here's an ingenious plan — someone else can take the middle road.
69% of insects surveyed say they don't like being called 'bugs'.
Yawn, and the world yawns with you... Cough, and you are on your own.
An expert is someone who knows how to talk about something in a way so that other people can't understand it.
It doesn't matter whether something is possible if nobody ever tries to do it.
Is your hobby sleeping? Do you cry during comedies? Do you relate well to reality shows? Is your favorite color gray? You may be depressed.
Actually, great minds do not think alike. Their originality is the very thing that makes them great.
Testing, testing... alpha, delta, gamma..... Nope, didn't work either.
Huffington Post headline referred to Dee Snider as a "Rock Legend." Well, I guess everybody's a rock legend then.
‘Like’ if you think this is Facebook.
I can't get to sleep tonight. Sure, write a song about the lion having no trouble just to rub it in a little why don't you?
Why can't my phone just let me enjoy the last 15% of its battery life in peace? You'd think I was about to start a nuclear war.
With the many things that are always going on in the news, it almost makes you wonder if the media gets paid by commission per story.
I went to a Rent-A-Center and asked them how much it costs to rent one of their centers so that I can sub-rent their merchandise out to other people.
27 years later and I've still yet to meet any woman named Kyrie. What do you have to say for yourself, Mr. Mister?
Birds sue Twitter over the tweet design patent. Supreme being files concurrent suit against all avian phyla, threatens extinction.
I think yogurts are just making up berry names now. At least Wonka wasn't being pretentious about it when he did it.
Leaf blowers are just pushing their work on other people.
What said forth rational inside germane flotilla prospect ingratiates angioplasty yeomanlike spectrum hoax malfeasance acquiesce and so is.
The weather says it's 48 degrees but it feels like 46 degrees. They must be having a clearance sale.
Don't try to be someone you're not... unless that's something you'd normally do.
DVD players, CD players and tape decks all give me pause.
I found out this week that I'm addicted to placebos, and it’s irreversible. My doctor is giving me 43 more years to live.
No matter how you slice it, why on earth are you using a metaphorical knife in the first place?
Your birthday is a rip-off. It's essentially an excuse for people to ignore you the rest of the year.
I'm Rusty, and I only somewhat approve of this sentence... but overall I'd say I'm pretty much in favor of it if really pressed on the matter.
Whichever civilizations have siestas, those are the ones that are closest to finding enlightenment.
I saw a commercial on TV about this revolutionary new diet, and it's so exciting to me that they've finally solved that dilemma.
30 days hath September, April, June and November... So that means Halloween is in October again this year.
An alien will probably come down from the sky and tell us that the answers to all of life's mysteries are hidden exclusively in Oingo Boingo songs.
Peaches & Herb have reunited. Reportedly, they both are so excited.
The OCD in me says cars should not be allowed on the road without hubcaps, just like the college football helmet rule.
We're all famous in our own little corner. I'm the Elvis of this 2 x 2 sq. ft. of real estate. I'm legendary right where I'm standing. This is precisely how I draw on my sense of self-worth.
Gonna need to keep the lip gloss and super glue farther apart on the shelf so they're not confused. Accidentally tried to bond something with lip gloss, and it just slid right off.
Marking an e-mail as 'unread' is an unethical practice. In fact, there should be another option, like 'unattended', or 'hullaballoo'.
Every day, it's the same routine — awaken, bathe, get dressed, eat, drive to work, smuggle weasels into Canada, return home, eat, sleep.
A room full of chimpanzees that just re-created all of Shakespeare's works are now writing my blog for me, in the third monkey.
I keep having to remind myself that space is predominantly empty. And it also means that we're totally getting shafted on furniture. Solid, my ear.
Testing, testing... baritone, polyester, giraffe..... Nope, still didn't work. Hmm.
At the end of the day, talking accomplishes very little. At the beginning of the day too.
Phyllis Diller was still living? And now she's not?? I can only take one big surprise per day.
Somebody's stalking me, and if they weren't invisible it would make it much easier for me to ditch them.
Either the world has gone insane or the prescription on my rose-colored glasses has run out.
You have now successfully completed the most current Ruminating upgrade and are thus sufficiently prepared to encounter 83% of life's most important situations. Identifying what those specific situations are will be covered at a later time.
Quick, give me a topic. All right, I'll give you ten seconds if you must... Maestro, cue the orchestra for the Jeopardy! soundtrack... (Does Jeopardy! really need an exclamation point? While I enjoy the show profusely, I've never gotten so excited about Jeopardy! that I wanted to exclaim its title in a fit of jubilation. Just be on notice that if they start pulling this tactic with the nightly news broadcasts, I'll be just a tad dubious.) OK, your time is up. Whatta ya got for me? Hmm. This medium clearly is not conducive to an interchange of ideas, as I can't hear a word you're saying. Perhaps you could speak a little louder? Mime got your tongue? You can't say I didn't try to involve the reader, which would be you in this case. (I'm just guessing that it's you on a hunch)
Life fits together in many ways that we don’t see right away, or maybe ever. We just assume that everything is the way it is for no particular reason when it doesn’t formally announce itself over a loudspeaker to a vocal throng of evidence-starved wannabes, also known as us.
And as much as the universe would suggest otherwise, pairs figure skating has an underlying theme. The male participant, it turns out, must be burly and stout. Meanwhile, the female she must be petite as well as aerodynamic. If not, then the Earth would spin off its axis. This is ostensibly so the woman can be hefted by the man and twirled about through the air with the greatest of ease. Highly patterned and verily predictable. It's so every-four-years. We get it already. How about we give them extra style points for pushing the weight envelope. Degree of difficulty extended even further to forces of nature. Let's see Scott Hamilton and Katarina Witt as a doubles team, because as soon as Hamilton tried to lift Witt up above him, she’d squish him into the ice like a frozen parfait with blades sticking out. That would be worth maybe an extra 0.4 in their score for attempting to defy the laws of gravity. Considering this duo in a routine, a more plausible hypothetical would be Witt hefting Hamilton up above her instead. Look at Scott twirl about! That’s the kind of improvisation I would like to see. Shake it up a little bit. We can only dream.
Me no lift her... More like other way around
Not only did the authorities prohibit this otherworldly scenario from playing out, but they would ultimately confiscate all photos of the two of them together, suggesting that they were never in the same room at once. Any notion that Witt and Hamilton could've ever been an item on ice is to be melted away in the burner of speculation. The propagandists even threw Kristi Yamaguchi up above the pair as a makeshift guardian angel just to distract everyone. These are not the humanoids you're looking for…
Don't have fits
Grouping Hamiltons and Witts
You'll soon figure out
It's as good as it gets
There's a correlation — not always apparent — lingering about. Watch for it, for it can sneak up on you. Hold onto that thought. Let it take residence in your mind and pay rent, along with a last month's deposit. Mull it over. Let it simmer a skosh. You might need it later.
When officers are giving somebody their Miranda rights, if that person is already talking, do they have to wait until that person has stopped talking so they can then say to them, “OK, now you have the right to remain silent”? Because in that case technically they aren't currently silent, so they can’t very well remain that way. Maybe they should tell them, “You have the right to first become silent and then remain in that condition once you have achieved silent status.”
I think they should make the whole rights thing somewhat less specific in order to cover all possible instances: “You have the right to either be silent or talk, or both, or neither, regardless of what you’re already doing. You can remain or change whatever you happen to be doing at the moment, and you will have that right based on whatever that is, e pluribus unum.”
People talking with-out speaking
People hearing with-out listening
People writing songs... that voices never share
No one dare... disturb the sound of silence
Then they go on to say: “Anything you say can and will be held against you in a court of law.” Which, to me, is essentially saying, “When you get to court, we’re going to get you any way we can. Basically, whatever words come out of your mouth are not going to be for your benefit, so heed the words of Thumper very judiciously, e pluribus unum.”
On further inspection, the ‘can and will’ combination is a curiosity, clearly a product of legalese. Let’s break it down a bit. First of all, they’re saying “Anything you say can backfire.” And then they’re also saying “Anything you say will backfire.” So when we combine those, we get “Anything you say can but will anyway be held against you.” Get that? The function of the ‘can’ in that sentence is merely nothing more than to make the person saying it sound important, which is what most of legalese is anyway. Otherwise, ‘will’ is already part of ‘can’, so you can’t have a ‘will’ without the ‘can’, thus all ‘wills’ are also ‘cans’. The fact that all ‘cans’ are not necessarily ‘wills’ is immaterial to this exercise, and no more than a diversion.
So let’s double-check to make sure…
Yep, it’s all included. Just barely, but it made it.
So the ‘can’ part turns out to be redundant after all. Hmmm. “Anything you say can and will and would and should and is and otherwise does and all that be held against you…”
And the whole court of law thing… is this to distinguish it from a court of merriment, or possibly even the court of ergonomics? As a person being arrested, I suppose it could get confusing as to which court they are referring, so specifying the court of law really helps bring it all into focus for me. “By the way, did you happen to say ‘law’, or was it ‘cole slaw’? I don’t particularly want to be called into a court of cole slaw, just so you know. I don’t feel that I would get proper type of jurisprudence served that way. My first preference would be the kind of court that has law in it, if it’s not too much trouble.”
So after we cut out all of the fat, basically what we get is: “You have the right to do whatever you want, but just don’t talk.” There, was that so hard?
The whole idea of Miranda Rights is filled with deceptive misnomers. Police officers are required to read people their rights, but do any of them actually read them? No, you never see that. If I get to court, I’m going to claim that the officer didn’t read me my rights, but instead he had the gall to recite them from memory.
How about this one: You're under arrest... I am? Hope it doesn't fall on me. Must people be arrested so idiomatically? Do criminals truly appreciate the formal linguistic nuance of their incarceration? Why not just "Hey, you're arrested"? Short and sweet, but effective. So who writes this stuff? What backroom meetings are attorneys holding to come up with this extraneous mumbo jumbo to confuse the masses? Somebody should complain to somebody about it.
To shift gears a bit (from 5th into reverse), as we follow up on boundaries, addressing the salient point that the shapes of states are not their own. States share shape properties with all their neighboring states. It matters how many are around them, and it matters who got there when… The first state that was there gets to claim the most shape credit, though natural borders like oceans and lakes were there even before that. Delaware was the first state, but it did precious little to take advantage of the situation, merely camping along the bay front and then putting a short horizontal line below, a vertical line to the left, plus a small arc at the top. We find that Delaware was quite timid as far as staking its claim and expanding its horizons. How it got to the front of the line is a mystery. It probably just pulled out in front of some other state and then went 15 miles an hour once it got on the road. Delaware could’ve taken as much of the United States territory as it wanted, but it settled for a small plot of land representing about 1/1900th of the entire size of what would become the U.S. In other words, you could fit over 1,900 Delawares in the United States. It had a chance to make a big splash, but all it did was dip its toe in to see what the water was like. Had Delawareans been big thinkers we might see a huge chunk of land extending from the Great Lakes down to the Gulf of Mexico, as one big humungous superstate that nobody would want to mess with. Such was not their vision, but they had their chance. 200 years later, because of its tiny dimensions we can't even find it on a map. It's more like Dela-where? It's the place that Waldo calls home as well as everyone in the witness protection program.
Next, Pennsylvania took the top impression of Delaware and rested on it comfortably, and then New Jersey played off the right side of Pennsylvania — almost like some kind of existential puzzle. This pattern followed for over a hundred years. What it all translated into in the end is that basically Utah, Oklahoma and Arizona took what was left after all the other states had chosen up sides, in literal fashion. Of the contiguous states area, Arizona took a look at all the available options and said, “Hmmm…”
OK, where should we put our state? Decisions, decisions... (circa 1912)
Realtors everywhere heaved a huge sigh of relief after having posted "Prime desert property" signs all over this blackened area for years and years without any kind of success. And that, my friends, is spatially how the west was finally won.
You may think it to be trifling, but this is precisely what nations throughout world history have fought wars over: what shape each of them should be. If civilizations over the course of time could have just agreed on shapes, everything would have been fine. Something so simple yet so onerous to negotiate. Someone ought to send us to our rooms with identical miniature square plots for bad behavior.
You inherit your environs, or is it they inherit you?
To segue a tad, historians will note that back in the ‘70s, an inauspicious commercial claimed that 4 out of 5 dentists surveyed recommended Trident for their patients who chew gum. But what did they recommend for that 1 patient who didn’t chew gum? And since when do dentists talk to their patients about gum? “Hey, um, dude… are you a gum chewer?” And the patient replies, “Dude! How did you know? I thought I hid it so well.” “Yeah, we keep a log of which of our patients chew gum so that we can track these things and answer surveys about it.”
So it turns out that for the 1 patient who didn’t chew gum, dentists curiously recommended Hubba Bubba. To me, this would be an even bolder claim, because then you’re saying “1 out 5 dentists surveyed recommend Hubba Bubba for their patients who don’t even chew gum.” How cool is that? In spite of the fact that you don’t chew gum, I’m recommending that you in fact start chewing gum. And not only that, but I want it to be Hubba Bubba. So to summarize… if you’re already hooked, stick with Trident. But if you’re just beginning the habit, my professional advice is to go with Hubba Bubba. That’s what dentists are here for. That other stuff is all for show.
Let's see the gentlemen genuflect like this without getting a hernia
Whenever I go to a new dentist, the first thing I ask them is "Can you recommend some gum for me?" And if they can't think of anything, I know I can't trust them as a competent dentist. I want an expert in the synthetic confectionery field.
Bringing this all together, think figure, think stick, think quiet, think shape. You surely have an imagination that can make them coalesce not unlike the way Oklahoma and Texas form their geometric symbiosis. You as the reader want me to bring some semblance of order to this melange and help it to have a happy ending suitable for framing. And yet not everything necessarily fits together for what we would deem as obvious reasons. Which is neither to say that they don't fit at all. Round pegs and square holes have a way of morphing into their counterbalances. Which is to pose once again: Why? as well as its cousin Why Not?
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10551
|
__label__wiki
| 0.832906
| 0.832906
|
Empik Selects Manhattan Associates
Leading Polish retailer opts for strategic supply chain solution to underpin multi-channel strategy
Supply chain optimisation provider Manhattan Associates, Inc. (NASDAQ: MANH) has announced that Empik, Poland's leading lifestyle retail brand, offering an extensive range of cultural, knowledge and entertainment products, has selected Manhattan Associates' Warehouse Management solution (WMS) for Open Systems to run its 10,800 square metres warehouse in Warsaw. Empik's primary objective was to select a system that could manage the company's growth plans which include building its store portfolio from 120 to 300 outlets within 3 years, and expanding its online sales offering.
Empik, which offers products including books, CDs, DVDs, new technologies and multimedia games, had previously operated a direct, 'supplier-to-store' model, where goods were shipped from producers and distributors directly to stores. Following rapid growth over a two-year period during which Empik saw its retail network grow from 60 to 120 stores, it decided it would need to move to a centralised distribution structure to effectively accommodate future growth. Already handling over two million products every month from 300 suppliers, the creation of a systems-driven central warehouse would facilitate rapid growth and at the same time improve availability and overall service quality.
As Empik develops its multi-channel retailing capability over the next few years, it is essential that it can fulfil store orders - orders consisting of a relatively small number of items in large quantities, and web orders — large volumes of orders where each order typically consists of a small number of individual units, in a reliable and efficient a way as possible.
"After we hit the 80 store mark, it became clear that we needed a warehouse in order to keep up with demand," said Keith Murphy, managing director of the Polish retail operation for Empik. "We have ambitious growth targets to reach by 2011, and with our e-commerce offering gaining momentum, it was essential that we invested in a warehouse management solution that was scalable, could grow with the business, could help us operate as a leading multi-channel retailer and could deliver the visibility and efficiency improvements we needed."
"We are delighted to have been selected by Empik and look forward to supporting the company as it expands both on the high street and online," said Steve Smith, senior vice president, EMEA, at Manhattan Associates. "This contract award further strengthens our position as a leading supply chain systems provider in this fast-developing region of Europe. With the strong growth that retailers — as well as their suppliers and distributors — are experiencing in Poland and elsewhere in Eastern Europe, we are confident that we will see further successes in this region in the coming months and years."
S&P Computersysteme GmbH (Advisory Committee)
»We are glad that we are listed in the global WMS database. It is very important for us, because we know that this is a way to the European market. Also the questionaire gave us very strong experience in comparing our functionality with common demands from the customers. The team warehouse logistics did a great analysis on WMS. Please, keep it running!«
Leonid Khramov, Solvo Ltd.
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10552
|
__label__cc
| 0.585487
| 0.414513
|
Home /Where To Buy A T Shirt Printer/Fendi Tee Shirt Replica
Fendi Tee Shirt Replica
“But looking back, I can see that doing that show, it’s been such a journey for me from start to finish, moving away from Dawn has allowed me to become who I am and stand on my own two feet. And just be my own person and do my own thing. It has been quite inspiring to me to find how strong I can really be..
In that time, 26 pictures that rangers won’t release without the family’s permission. Most of a grizzly bear eating berries. And the last few pictures, taken over a span of 13 seconds, reveal something far more threatening. I see people come back from these trips all the time and get very sick usually with an upper respiratory tract infection and guess what? I got sick too. I came down with bronchitis and was off a week of work just after my two week of vacation. Yes, my employer loves me..
“I think it was a smart thing to do,” Utley said. “You want to be careful with these things because they could linger and get worse if you try to play through it. I think we caught it early enough but it hard to know until we have some imaging on it.”.
No one can tell that it not a real diamond, but she actually proud of that fact and will freely tell people. It was utterly appalling. The other professors and advisers weren very helpful with my concerns so I looked for a different career path.. The local event comes on the heels of similar events in other cities this weekend. Thousands of women marched Saturday in various cities across the country, with an estimated 500,000 participants in Los Angeles. The inaugural event in 2017 drew millions of women around the world and came the day after President Donald Trump took office..
It has built brand awareness with young fashion consumers. When Project Runway started in 2004, the Michael Kors Brand had brand awareness that was under 20%. Today over 70% of Americans are aware of the brand.. This video card is very thick. The heatsink is separated into two blocks, but these are very thick and cover a lot of area. MSI designed this video card to absorb as much heat in the heatsinks without having to ramp the fans up to insane loud levels.
Allchin caught 97 passes for 760 yards and eight touchdowns in the regular season. Bates rushed for 1,373 yards and 16 touchdowns. Last week, Bates helped the Hornets compile 213 yards rushing.. If you are travelling to the Philippines from abroad, there are several airlines that are already operating flights into and out of Manila via the NAIA Terminal 1. Such airlines include KLM Royal Dutch Airlines, Qatar Airways, Singapore Airlines, and much more. My personal favourite if flying from the States is Hawaiian, it may not always be the cheapest, but the flight crews are great, the planes are nice, and who can pass up a short layover in Honolulu.
TAGS: Fendi Tee Shirt Replica
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10555
|
__label__wiki
| 0.502156
| 0.502156
|
Ramadan & Hajj
Stories of New Muslims
The Quran
Islamic Belief
Living Islam
Criticisms & Refutations
Clash or Peaceful Coexistence?
Dr. Ja`far Sheikh Idris
Are Muslims and the West bound to clash? Dr Jafar Sheikh Idris, professor of Islamic studies, Institute of Islamic and Arabic Sciences, Washington, gives an answer which supports the idea of peaceful coexistence.
Is it possible for the inhabitants of our global village to live peacefully together and reap the fruits of science and technology whose pace of advancement is ever increasing? Or are their religious, cultural and civilization differences bound to create clashes and wars among them? The matter is so important that it behooves Muslim intellectuals and statesmen to give it serious thought.
Western intellectuals are very much concerned with this question. But they are by no means agreed on the answer. One view is that the clash between Western civilization and others is inevitable, nay that it is already under way. Another view is that the real clash is within Western culture itself.
A third view is that people all over the world are heading toward Western political liberalism and economic capitalism, and that these systems constitute the end of history in these respects. A fourth view is that peaceful coexistence among people of different cultures and civilizations is possible provided they adopt secular pluralistic democracy.
What is the Islamic standpoint on this important and urgent issue? This paper is an attempt to give a brief answer to that question. But I am not speaking here as a social scientist who describes and explains actual reality; rather I am attempting to describe only theoretically what I consider to be the Islamic standpoint on this issue in our present circumstances. And my short answer is that it is a standpoint that is unequivocally on the side of peaceful coexistence. But to live peacefully with others you need sometimes to be fully prepared for war against them.
REASONS FOR PEACEFUL COEXISTENCE
1. Rationality is an inseparable part of the Islamic religion, and its rationality does include that important ingredient of judging actions by their consequences. but it is of course a rationality which is guided by other Islamic values. The preferred action is always the action which results in the greatest good, or the least evil. The main goods to be achieved in Islam for example, are ones which would be acceptable, in their general sense, to most people. These are: Spiritual well-being, mental well-being, human life, human wealth and honor. Judged by this rational standard and those values, peaceful coexistence and cooperation is definitely to be preferred over wars and clashes in normal circumstances.
2. While some religions, secular ideologies and psychological theories teach that the human person is born evil; while some teach that he is born neutral between good and evil and it is society which directs him one way or the other; and while yet others believe that there is no such thing as human nature; while some brazenly racist and others are discriminatory in other respects, the Islamic position in the words of its Prophet is that every child is born good. Whatever his or her present beliefs or cultural milieu, every human person is a potential Muslim. In viewing people of other beliefs and cultures, Muslims should not forget to see the original nature which lies behind the facade of those cultures.
3. The best favor that a Muslim can therefore do to a non-Muslim is to invite him to Islam, to persuade him or her to come back to their original nature. But in doing so a Muslim is required to bear in mind certain facts, and to abide by certain principles, among which is the fact that since faith is a matter of the heart, no one can be compelled to accept it. This is understood from the verse which reads, "And invite to the way of your Lord with wisdom, and good admonition, and argue with them in the best of ways". How can this be achieved except in a peaceful atmosphere?
4. God tells his Prophet that however keen he is on people accepting the faith, most of them will not. All the same, He tells His Prophet that he is sent as a mercy to them, and that his main task is to never tire of inviting them to the truth.
5. Peaceful coexistence among people belonging to different religions and civilizations makes it easy for them to exchange material and intellectual benefits. It also helps them to cooperate in solving the problems which face them as inhabitants of a global village: Drugs, diseases, pollution, etc. But his ideal picture of peaceful coexistence and cooperation cannot be realized if the West lives in constant fear lest its hegemony be lost, and therefore do its best to prevent others from developing.
6. No rational person who has an idea of the amount of destructive weapons available in the world and the extent of the damage they can cause would hesitate to be against all kinds of wars, local or worldwide. To avoid wars however we must try to eradicate as many of their causes as we can. We must thus stand for justice and against all kinds of unfair treatment and aggression.
7. Muslims should play a big role in this because they are qualified to do so. Islam is a religion which does not compromise on moral values like truth and justice. Believers in Islam are urged to be allies to each other irrespective of race or time or place.
8. Muslims, in my view, have a special stake in peace. If peace prevails, Islam will have a better chance of being heard and accepted in the West, and elsewhere. Many people in the West and other parts of the world are coming back to religion so much so that what is called fundamentalism has become a universal phenomenon. People have discovered that science much as it is respected and valued by them cannot replace religion.
REASONS FOR BEING POWERFUL
Islam is however too realistic a religion to be pacifist. It is one thing to want to live peacefully with others, but quite another to make them have the same attitude toward you. On the whole, people of every culture desire to be more powerful than those who are culturally opposed to them. They take all steps which they deem necessary for the preservation of their cultural identity, and for the subjugation of others. In his new classic paper on clash of civilizations, Huntington tells us with unusual candidness that, "The West is now at an extraordinary peak of power in relation to other civilizations. Apart from Japan the West has no economic challenge. It dominates international political and security institutions, and with Japan economic institutions."
And: "In the post-Cold War, the primary objective of arms control is to prevent the development by non-Western societies of military capabilities that would threaten Western interests. The West attempts to do this through international agreements, economic pressure and controls on the transfer of arms and weapons technologies."
Muslims are therefore enjoined to be materially powerful so as to deter those who might resort to aggression against Muslims or who are prone to use force to subjugate others. Material power can and should thus be an ally to the cause of spiritual development and not a contradictory of it.
Source: islaam
${UtcPosted}
${CommentData}
Letters & Questions
His Biography
His Companions
Sunnah Selection
About ICSFP
Introduction/Message
Contact ICSFP
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10562
|
__label__wiki
| 0.918553
| 0.918553
|
Women's tennis trio prepares for NCAA tourney
Published May 6, 2015 8:50am
Emily Gauci | The Daily Wildcat
Arizona women's tennis player Lauren Marker hits a forehand during Arizona's 5-2 loss to USC at the LaNelle Robson Tennis Center on April 3. Marker is among three Wildcats competing in the NCAA Championships taking place May 20-25.
Arizona’s women’s tennis team concluded its regular season with three players being selected to participate in the NCAA Championships in both singles and doubles, despite the team as a whole finishing in eighth place in the Pac-12 Conference at 13-8 overall.
Sophomore Lauren Marker will play in singles, while senior Briar Preston and junior Shayne Austin will play in the doubles competition.
Marker is ranked No. 55 in the country, while the Preston and Austin tandem is ranked No. 27 heading into the tournament. The NCAA Championships begin on May 20 in Waco, Texas.
“I was so excited and can’t even explain, but I was lucky enough to be with my coaches and close friends when I got the news, which made it even more special,” Marker said. “Making it to NCAAs individually has been a huge goal of mine since before coming to college. Reaching this goal of mine has made me want to work even harder to reach my other goals.”
Marker also played in the tournament as a freshman when the Wildcats took on Florida State in the first round of the team event.
She said she hopes to keep improving on her tennis and fitness before traveling to compete in the tournament to make sure she is completely ready.
Marker was also named an All-Pac-12 Honorable Mention.
“It’s always nice to be recognized by the conference,” Marker said, “especially the Pac-12 Conference, since it is such a prestigious and elite conference. It’s an honor.”
Marker said she’s going to keep working hard on and off the court while keeping her focus on the tournament and getting match ready.
She has played in the No. 1 spot all year and has six victories against nationally ranked opponents, which was the most on the team this season. Marker has an overall record of 23-9 this season and went 16-5 in dual play.
In just 15 days, she competed against four players ranked in the top 11 of the ITA polls. Marker went on to defeat the 11th-ranked Giuliana Olmos out of the top-ranked USC.
Marker has an overall record of 38-14 in singles play through her first two seasons at Arizona.
Marker is tied with Preston for the most conference match victories this season with five.
The doubles team of Preston and Austin finished the season with an overall record of 13-7 and went 3-3 against nationally-ranked teams, further validating the strength of their season.
The three nationally-ranked victories consisted of then-No. 2 Taylor Davidson and Carol Zhao from Stanford, then-No. 5 Maegan Manasse and Denise Starr from California and then-No. 23 Jennifer Brady and Robin Anderson from UCLA.
Last year, Austin and Marker both competed in postseason play, but this year will be Preston’s first year.
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10563
|
__label__wiki
| 0.796171
| 0.796171
|
Home | Entertainment | Matthew Perry and Matt Leblanc Not Invited To Jennifer Aniston’s Wedding
Matthew Perry and Matt Leblanc Not Invited To Jennifer Aniston’s Wedding
Krystal Tucker Entertainment
There was no Friends reunion at Jennifer Aniston’s quaint wedding.
On August 5th Aniston, 46, married Justin Theroux, 44, in a secret ceremony. They invited about 70 close friends and family but some “friends” didn’t make the cut.
It’s rumoured that Courtney Cox was the maid of honor and Lisa Kudrow was a special guest. According to Us Magazine, David Schwimmer wasn’t in attendance but it’s uncertain as to whether or not he got invited. There are two Friends stars, though, who confirmed not getting an invite.
Both Matt Leblanc, 48, and Matthew Perry, 45, confirmed that they were in the dark about Jen’s wedding.
People Magazine interviewed Perry. He passed on his congratulations despite being left out. He said:
“I wasn’t invited. So what can you do? (The wedding) was a surprise to me as well. They’re a lovely couple, and I’m happy for them.”
People magazine questioned LeBlanc about the wedding on Monday at a press event. He said:
“I think they’re a great couple. I think she’s happy. And that’s all I care about is that Jen’s happy. If she wanted me there, I would have been there.”
Leblanc, having regrets about missing her first marriage to Brad Pitt in 2000, I’m sure he meant every word of his statement. He had been working on a movie at the time and declined the invitation. This time around, the invitation declined him. He said:
“I missed when she married Brad. I was in Austria working. She called me, and she was like, ‘You’re really not coming to my wedding?’ And I was like, ‘I asked them if they could change the schedule. I would fly and clap and fly out.’ And they said, ‘We can’t do it. It’s too tight.’ It was a small-budget movie in Austria you’ve never heard of. Probably should have left anyway, but s— happens. What are you going to do?”
I can picture Pheobe singing their wedding song and Monica baking their cake. It’s too bad the rest of the Friends family weren’t able to be there too.
Well, congratulations anyway Jennifer and Justin!
brad pitt courtney cox friends jennifer aniston jennifer aniston wedding justin theroux lisa kudrow matt leblanc matthew perry Monica Gellar people magazine Pheobe Us Magazine 2015-08-13
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10569
|
__label__wiki
| 0.821648
| 0.821648
|
Linkin Park’s ‘Numb’ Video Exceeds One Billion YouTube Views
Jeff Cornell
Photo by James Minchin
Linkin Park’s video for “Numb” has surpassed the one billion views on YouTube. The clip, which was directed by DJ Joseph Hahn, is the oldest video on the site to exceed that mark.
Following the death of Chester Bennington, fans started an unofficial campaign to push the clip to over one billion views on the site. The band’s dedicated fan base finally hit that accomplishment recently as the clip now is approaching 1.1 billion views.
“Numb” is featured on Linkin Park’s sophomore album Meteora. It was the third single released from the effort. The track was remixed and mashed-up with Jay Z’s “Encore” on the 2004 collaboration effort Collision Course and the pairing resulted in the Grammy in 2006 for Best Rap/Sung Collaboration.
Directly following Chester Bennington’s death in July 2017, Linkin Park’s music streams rose 730 percent and four of their albums returned to the Billboard 200 chart. The songs with the most streams were “In The End,” “Numb” and “Heavy.”
“Numb” has made the rounds of Internet fame over the years including a memorable covers sung by dogs and other animals and a stellar version played on the drums by a five-year old, back in 2013.
Linkin Park have not performed together since October 2017, when the surviving members performed at a tribute concert to the late Chester Bennington. However, on Halloween Mike Shinoda was joined on stage in Las Vegas by the band’s bassist Dave “Phoenix” Farrell.
Watch the original video for “Numb” below.
Linkin Park, "Numb"
See Linkin Park in the 100 Best Hard Rock + Metal Albums of the 21st Century
Source: Linkin Park’s ‘Numb’ Video Exceeds One Billion YouTube Views
Filed Under: linkin park
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10570
|
__label__wiki
| 0.666091
| 0.666091
|
"The entity that western separatists most enjoy separating from is each other"
I was over browsing at the Project Alberta website and checking out some of the pro-separatist blogs available therein:
ABFreedom, last updated Friday, March 24, 2006 (today).
Albertanicus, last updated Tuesday, February 28, 2006.
Alberta Alliance Opposition, last updated Friday, March 03, 2006.
Bald as you wanna be, last updated Monday, September 12, 2005.
Black Kettle, last updated Friday, March 24, 2006 (today).
Bumfonline, last updated Friday, March 24, 2006 (today).
Cannuckistan Chronicles, last updated Friday, March 24, 2006 (today).
Crittermusings, last updated Tuesday, March 21, 2006.
Cyrano's Steel, last updated Sunday, March 12, 2006.
Exposed Agenda, last updated Friday, March 24, 2006 (today).
FreeAlberta, last updated Monday, February 06, 2006.
The Hell Bent Separatist, last updated Friday, March 17, 2006
Rants from a Moderate Separatist, last updated Wednesday, March 22, 2006.
Dispatches from the Western Alien Nation, last updated Wednesday, September 21, 2005.
The Reformer's Firebrand, last updated Thursday, March 02, 2006.
Robot_Guy, last updated Friday, March 24, 2006 (today).
Standing Up for What is Right, last updated Tuesday, February 07, 2006.
Waking Up on Planet X, last updated Friday, March 24, 2006 (today).
West Must Separate, last updated Friday, March 24, 2006 (today).
So, out of the 19 blogs linked from the Project Alberta website, 7 updated today. But only 2 blogs posted at some other point in the past week. 4 other sites which have posted in the month of March (two barely so), and two of them haven't even posted in 2006!
This post's title comes from an old Alberta Report where Paul Bunner or somebody notes that Alberta Separatits seem to really enjoy splintering off. In the blogosphere there's an even bigger problem: fast tracking yourself to irrelevancy. To have to stop posting is one thing: late May until mid-June I won't be on this continent and probably won't have a chance to blog (baseball pool comes first) if I do get internet access. But at least warn visitors, don't just suddenly stop posting with no warning.
I don't care if the postings aren't in general about Alberta Independence [when was your last separatist-themed entry there tough guy? this post made on February 16th? -ed] but at least give potential readers something. I mean, look at all the stuff I've given readers in less than 4 months. Sure none of you have actually read it, but hey, it's there!
by Feynman and Coulter's Love Child at 11:41 pm
Labels: #ableg, Blog management
#ableg|Blog management|
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10573
|
__label__wiki
| 0.553306
| 0.553306
|
Brittany Simpson
'Roo Women Upset by Millsaps
Millsaps
#19 Austin College
Millsaps (6-1) 12 14 18 26 70
#19 Austin College (4-1) 10 10 25 16 61
Pts: 2 Players (#05, #12) - 16
Reb: Dia Fortenberry - 13
Ast: Millicent Butler - 5
Pts: Ann Savage - 18
Reb: Bryce Frank - 11
Ast: Ann Savage - 6
SHERMAN, Texas –The Austin College women's basketball team struggled to get anything going offensively and Millsaps owned a 50-31 rebounding edge, as the Majors handed the No. 19-ranked 'Roos a 70-61 loss on Friday night in Hughey Gym. The 'Roos are now 4-1 on the year while the Majors improve to 6-1.
Austin College shot just 29% from the field, including just 17.6% in the first quarter and 21.1% in the fourth, while Millsaps knocked down 14-of-17 free throws in the final frame to hand the 'Roos their first loss of the season. Ann Savage led all scorers with 18 points on 5-of-12 shooting, adding six assists, and Bryce Frank scored 16 points and grabbed 11 rebounds, but was limited to 3-of-14 shooting.
The 'Roos made just three field goals in each of the first two quarters as Millsaps took a 12-10 lead after one and a 26-20 edge into halftime. Austin College put together its best quarter of the game in the third, shooting 56.3% on their way to putting 25 points on the scoreboard to take a 45-44 lead heading into the fourth.
A layup by Frank and two free throws from Savage put Austin College on top 49-45 with nine minutes to play, but the Majors fought back and took a 52-51 lead on a three pointer by Morgan McCrea with 6:52 left in the game. Kasi Matthews followed with a three of her own to push it to a 55-51 lead for the Majors, and the 'Roos would be unable to get the margin under two points the rest of the way.
Frank and Savage were the only two 'Roos to reach double figures in the scoring column. The 'Roos hit just 18-of-62 shots overall and 5-of-18 from long range, while Millsaps grabbed 14 offensive rebounds and overcame 19 turnovers. The Majors shot 40.7% from the field as a team and hit 20-of-25 free throws.
McCrea scored 16 points for the Majors, while Millicent Butler added 14 and Dia Fortenberry scored 11 points and grabbed a game-high 13 rebounds.
Austin College will be looking to bounce back on Sunday, when they head to Memphis to take on Rhodes College.
Austin College athletic teams participate as a member of the NCAA Division III and the Southern Collegiate Athletic Conference.
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10574
|
__label__wiki
| 0.580764
| 0.580764
|
March 5, 2013 August 3, 2015
Book Review-Sins of a Highland Devil
Sins of a Highland Devil by Sue-Ellen Welfonder
Also in this series: Seduction of a Highland Warrior
Series: Highland Warriors #1
Published by Forever on January 1st 2011
Genres: Historical Romance, Medieval Era, Scottish Highlands
The first book in the Highland Warriors trilogy, in which three heroes make a pact to insure that a rival clan does not take over their Glen of Many Legends. At the same time, three women plot to marry these heroes to insure peace. In SINS OF A HIGHLAND DEVIL, James Cameron is concerned when the King's decree states all three neighboring clans must have a battle to the death in order to lay official claim to the scared Glen of Many Legends. James attempts to make a pact with the heads of the other clans to fight this decree. But he ends up fighting his own fierce desire when coming head-to-head with Lady Catriona of the opposing MacDonald clan, who has her own plan for peace.
When the King’s man comes to ‘Glen Of Many Legends’, to inform three clans that have been warring for years, that the time has come to resolve all matters. He informs all three Lairds of each clan that they will have to meet and battle and fight for one clan to reign over the Glen. When Lady Catriona hears along with her brother Alasdair, of these summons, so is full of rage. Catriona is very passionate about her home and her clan and views the other two clans as enemies. But she also knows that the King’s orders will mean the death of many. James Cameron has always had a firm belief in knowing that the Glen belongs to him and his clan and not the other two clans. When he is informed, he is outraged, knowing what this will mean. He knows he will have to do all that is necessary to secure this place as his. Then he finds a forbidden love in the arms of Catriona MacDonald, who even though is his enemy, she is also a woman he finds that he can’t resist. Her passion and desire only ignites the fire within him, and even though he must prepare his men for the battle to come, he also can’t resist the fiery storm in Catriona.
The Hero (James Macdonald)
James, has always cared deeply for Catriona, but has never wanted to admit it. He met her years ago when he had come across her on his land, and teased her to the point of her running in fear. Now years later, he still feel a passion for her and a fiery attraction that only ignites the small flame of desire he feels for her. As Laird it it necessary for him to make difficult choices, but he also knows that no matter what he may feel for her, he knows he might never be able to have her as his own, even if its his deepest desire.
The Heroine
Even though she wants to resist, Catriona is strongly attracted to James, even if she wants to prove to him how capable she is to fight him on her own terms. Catriona, sister to the Laird of her clan, knows much about the Glen. When she first hears of the summons by the King, all she wants to do is get rid of the King’s man in a most violent way, but surpresses the urge to do so. When she encounters James Cameron once more after all these years, she wants to resist the temptation he offers.
Sins Of A Highland Devil is the first installment in the Highland Warriors trilogy. This trilogy is about three women who make a pact with each other to defend their homes and each other, and three proud highlanders willing to fight with everything they have to protect their clans. In the past I have just loved every book that I have had a chance to read by this author. Even though I did enjoy the plot and the story for the most part, I also didn’t enjoy it as much as I thought. The main aspect that I had a hard time with was the romance. I felt like it was out of place in this story. I didn’t really see much of a love connection, or how it could really happen. There was definitely many heated moments, some that were very sensual. However I didn’t see a whole lot of a love story. I think maybe my expectations may have been too high, and so I ended up feeling a bit disappointed. There were times that I felt lost through the story as I was reading, and I didn’t see much of a smooth flow of the story. I did however really like the characters, both James and Catriona were priceless. Both warriors in their own way, and willing to fight with every breath. I loved seeing them together, and seeing them challenge each other was unforgettable. I did enjoy the way Welfonder weaves a magical story set in a beautiful Glen that seemed mystical at times. It was also action packed, and swoon worthy at various times, but overall I think it just didn’t fully satisfy me. However there were quite a few things that I did like about this one, so I do plan on reading the rest of the series.
But he’d whirled her into a place she didn’t know, where her heart thumped crazily and all she could think of was the emotion rising inside her. It felt so right, so thrilling to be alone with him.
About Sue-Ellen Welfonder
Sue-Ellen Welfonder is a card-carrying Scotophile whose burning wish to make frequent (free) trips to the land of her dreams led her to a twenty year career with the airlines. Bi-lingual, she flew international all those years, working her flights as foreign language speaker. Her flying career allowed her to see the world, but it was always to Scotland that she returned.
Now a full-time writer, she’s quick to admit that she much prefers wielding a pen to pushing tea and coffee. She spent fifteen years living in Europe and used that time to explore as many castle ruins, medieval abbeys, and stone circles as possible. Anything ancient, crumbling, or lichened caught her eye. She makes annual visits to Scotland, insisting they are a necessity as each trip gives her inspiration for new books.
Proud of her own Hebridean ancestry, she belongs to two clan societies: the MacFie Clan Society and the Clan MacAlpine Society. In addition to Scotland, her greatest passions are medieval history, the paranormal, and dogs. She never watches television, loves haggis, and writes at a four-hundred-and-fifty year old desk that once stood in a Bavarian castle.
Sue-Ellen is married and currently resides with her husband and Jack Russell Terrier in Florida.
Website | Goodreads
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10577
|
__label__wiki
| 0.547317
| 0.547317
|
2005-06Regular SeasonRound 11
AEK Athens 60
Tau Ceramica 87
January 18, 2006 CET: 20:45
Local time: 20:45 GALATSI OLYMPIC HALL
Tau Ceramica seized its first chance to reach the Top 16 from Group A with both hands on Wednesday when it stormed into Athens and took a blowout 60-87 road win from AEK. Besides qualifying to the next round, Tau improved to 8-3 and will at least keep its share of first place. It also dropped AEK a step closer to elimination at 3-8. The visitors made their intentions clear while storming to a 17-29 first-quarter lead. AEK came within 7 points of the lead shortly after halftime, but Tau rose up again and kept adding to the advantage the rest of the way. Casey Jacobsen covered for the absence of injured swingmen Travis Hansen by drilling 20 to lead Tau in scoring. The leader everywhere else was Luis Scola, with 14 points, 11 rebounds, 5 assists, 2 steals and 2 blocks. Tiago Splitter added 13 points and 9 rebounds while Kornel David scored 10 for the winners. Taylor Coppenrath had 20 points, Giannis Bouroussis 11 and Dror Hagag 10 for AEK, which was outrebounded 25-39 by Tau and made only 3 of 19 three-point attempts.
AEK got off to an energetic start thanks to 6 consecutive points by Coppenrath, then Michalis Pelekanos stole the ball and finished a fastbreak for an 8-4 lead after 2 minutes. Tau didn't wait long to react. Jacobsen stepped up and contributed 7 points to put Tau in front 10-13 midway through the quarter. AEK was now having trouble dictating the pace, as Tau was unstoppable on the fast break. Scola converted a three-point play in transition to trigger a 3-12 run that was capped when Jacobsen fired in a three-pointer. AEK was held without a basket for more than 3 minutes as Tau's lead soared to double digits, 13-26. Finally, Ioannis Kalampokis fed Bouroussis for an easy dunk, but Scola responded with another three-point play for a 17-29 Tau lead after 10 minutes.
AEK needed to slow down the tempo, but the second quarter got underway with Tau's momentum unchecked thanks to 6 points by a new go-to guy, Kornel David, who put the guests up 23-35 after 13 minutes. AEK could not find open shots from the perimeter and instead chose to hit Tau in the paint. Coppenrath trimmed the deficit to single digits, 27-36, with a layup that forced a Tau timeout. Even with Scola on the bench, however, last year's Euroleague finalists stayed firmly in charge, as a flurry of free throws by Predrag Drobnjak, Pablo Prigioni and Jacobsen made it 31-46. In the waning seconds of the half, Coppenrath kept punishing Tau's frontcourt and pulled AEK within 36-46 at the break.
The third quarter started with Coppenrath looking like a man on a mission, as he buried a triple to cut the lead to 39-46. In the next possessions, both teams embarked on a downtown shooting spree. Both Jacobsen and Serkan Erdogan connected from the arc, while Kalambokis also drained one to make it 46-53. However, the bombardment was not over. A pair of three-pointers by Prigioni and Vidal in addition to a thunderous Scola dunk on the break restored a 46-63 advantage for the guests. It was Scola, again, who made it 49-67 on a tough turnaround jumper after 30 minutes.
Tau missed its first five shots of the final quarter, but AEK failed to rally due to its own struggles on offense. AEK was empty of energy and it wasn't long before the Tau backcourt stepped up a gear. Jacobsen made his third triple of the night and triggered a 2-8 surge that boosted Tau's margin to 53-78 and put the game out of reach. Nothing changed down the stretch, as the formidable Spaniards cruised to an impressive 60-87 victory that sealed their qualification to the next round.
Danos Tsakalos, Athens
Referees: LAMONICA, LUIGI; TOLA, LUCIANO; HERCEG, SINISA; MANOS, ANTONIOS
AEK Athens 17 19 13 11
Tau Ceramica 29 17 21 20
4 TAMIR, AMIT DNP - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
5 HAGAG, DROR 27:30 10 5/6 0/1 2 2 3 2 1 2 12
6 RIMAC, SLAVEN 17:00 0/3 0/1 1 1 1 1 3 -4
7 PELEKANOS, MICHALIS 30:15 7 2/3 1/3 1 1 3 3 3 3 5
9 MAGKOUNIS, SPYRIDON 0:15
10 KALAMPOKIS, GIANNIS 25:45 6 0/1 1/7 3/4 4 4 6 3 5 10
11 PAPANIKOLAU, NIKOLAOS DNP - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
12 TSIARAS, GEORGIOS 2:15 2 1/1 0/2 1 2 -3
13 COPPENRATH, TAYLOR 34:45 20 7/10 1/1 3/4 2 2 2 2 2 1 3 2 20
14 BOUROUSIS, IOANNIS 19:15 11 4/8 0/1 3/3 1 5 6 2 2 4 2 10
15 PAPAIOAKIM, PANTELIS 23:45 0/3 3 4 7 3 1 2 3 3
19 CHALMERS, LIONEL 19:15 4 2/2 0/3 1 1 1 2 2 3 2
Totals 200:00 60 21/37 3/19 9/11 5 20 25 18 9 16 1 3 23 15 52
Head coach: KAKIOUSIS, ELEFTHERIOS
4 SCOLA, LUIS 28:30 14 5/10 4/6 3 8 11 5 2 2 2 7 32
5 PRIGIONI, PABLO 26:00 7 1/1 1/2 2/2 2 3 5 5 3 6 1 2 14
9 VIDAL, SERGI 22:15 9 3/3 1/2 6 6 3 1 1 17
10 UKIC, ROKO 17:00 5 2/6 0/3 1/3 2 2 2 -2
11 ERDOGAN, SERKAN 27:45 7 1/5 1/4 2/4 2 2 1 1 1 4 2 -1
14 DROBNJAK, PREDRAG 7:15 2 2/2 1 3
15 GRIMAU, JORDI 2:15 0/1 -1
16 GARCIA, OSCAR DNP - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
18 DAVID, KORNEL 18:15 10 3/5 4/4 1 1 4 2 7
21 SPLITTER, TIAGO 26:00 13 5/9 3/4 6 3 9 1 2 1 1 3 23
23 JACOBSEN, CASEY 24:45 20 3/5 3/5 5/5 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 3 2 18
Totals 200:00 87 23/45 6/16 23/30 13 26 39 19 9 11 3 1 15 23 114
Head coach: PERASOVIC, VELIMIR
This game has no play by play yet
There are no quotes yet.
2019-20 2018-19 2017-18 2016-17 2015-16 2014-15 2013-14 2012-13 2011-12 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09 2007-08 2006-07 2005-06 2004-05 2003-04 2002-03 2001-02 2000-01
Round 1 Round 2 Round 3 Round 4 Round 5 Round 6 Round 7 Round 8 Round 9 Round 10 Round 11 Round 12 Round 13 Round 14
January 18 20:45 CET LIVE FINAL
GHP Bamberg 67
Climamio Bologna 76
Union Olimpija 82
Strasbourg 68
Benetton Basket 82
Zalgiris 76
AJ Milano 84
Cibona VIP 64
Olympiacos 65
Lietuvos Rytas 63
Winterthur FC Barcelona 99
Prokom Trefl Sopot 80
Maccabi Elite 88
Efes Pilsen 81
Pau-Orthez 74
Ulker 75
Partizan 93
Panathinaikos 94
Montepaschi Siena 70
Unicaja 82
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10578
|
__label__wiki
| 0.844192
| 0.844192
|
Assembling a Lasting Family Business
with BJ’s International Truck Centre
By Christopher T. Freeburn
From left: Bill, Joan, and Brian MacDonald.
MEET BJ’S INTERNATIONAL TRUCK CENTRE
Bill and Joan MacDonald started in the lime-spreading business, which required specialized machines. However, the window for distributing limestone was very narrow: only 30 days in both the spring and fall. The machines, too, were some of the first of their kind in Canada, and getting parts to Prince Edward Island was difficult but necessary.
“We went to any extreme we had to in order to get what we needed,” Bill says. “If that included paying for a seat on an airplane to carry a part to us, that’s what we did.”
Keeping a stable inventory of spare parts ultimately led the couple to found BJ’s International Truck Centre in 1980.
More than 30 years later, their son, Brian, is aboard, and the couple’s thriving company is one worth emulating for anyone trying to launch a family business.
1. Play to your strengths
Dividing the duties of running a business as a married couple came easily to Bill and Joan MacDonald. “We each did what we were best suited for,” Joan explains. “In the early days, Bill handled the trucks, and I looked after the books and the customers. That worked well because I know nothing about how to fix a truck, so I took care of the customers—and that’s my job today: human resources and customer service.”
“Joan is the people person, and I’m more inclined to the production and mechanical side of things,” Bill adds.
In addition, their son, Brian, now manages the business.
2. Keep moving forward
BJ’s International Truck Centre has suffered its share of setbacks. In 1992, a fire completely destroyed the main building, but Joan and Bill didn’t let it stop them.
“The local newspaper reporter who covered it wrote that our whole lives had gone ‘up in smoke,’” Joan says. “I made them correct that. We lost a building—that was all. The next morning, at 7:30, every single staff member came to work, and we carried on. That’s what you do.”
3. Aggressive customer service is key
BJ’s International Truck Centre is always trying to add to the services it provides. The company stays open from 6:30 a.m. to midnight—and while keeping those hours is not practical for the owners, Bill says they do it for the customers.
“You have to go the extra mile,” Joan says. “We go out on the road to meet with our clients and listen to them about what services they need and what we can provide to them.”
Bill and Joan extend this treatment to their staff, hosting golf outings and barbecues, and providing birthday cakes for staff members. “We treat every employee like family,” Joan says.
4. Do what you love
For Joan, being energized is crucial for success. “It sets the tone for your staff and the people you serve,” she says.
This passion brought about new business ventures. “I started the driving school with one truck and a rented trailer in 1992, and when we sold the school [in 2008], we had seven trucks, seven pieces of heavy equipment, two school buses, and a driver-education program for novice drivers,” she recalls.
New Life Resources, a staffing firm, is another one of Joan’s projects. “We match the best people with the best companies,” she says.
5. Stay centred and committed
The couple has always had a strong, centred family life with interests outside the business, including church, hobbies, and sports. “If there’s a balance in your spiritual life, everything else will fall into place,” Joan says. “You need to have a foundation to build on.”
For Bill, there’s one other element crucial for a long-lasting business. “Commitment is the key to getting a business off the ground and staying in business,” he says.
Laughing Stock
Pivotal Pet Care & Protection
“I have 25 years of experience, and I’m still learning every day.”
“Show up and do what you say you’re going to do.”
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10579
|
__label__cc
| 0.581678
| 0.418322
|
Home Business & Economy Zimbabwe, Botswana and Mozambique to develop a joint railway
Zimbabwe, Botswana and Mozambique to develop a joint railway
THREE member states of the Southern African Development Community (SADC), Zimbabwe, Botswana and Mozambique, have signed a memorandum of understanding(MoU) to construct a railway line linking the three countries.
The proposed railway line conforms to the SADC protocol on infrastructure development, which encourages formulation of infrastructure to promote regional integration.
‘Infrastructure development forms a larger market and greater economic opportunities. It is critical for promoting and sustaining regional economic development, trade and investment, and it also contributes to poverty eradication and improved social conditions.’ States the SADC.
Boost to regional integration
Speaking during the signing of the agreement last week, President of Botswana, Mokgweetsi Masisi, said the railway line will be a boost for regional integration.
‘The Port Techobanine Inter-regional Heavy Haul Railway project is one of the crucial projects we agreed on. It will lead to creation of an international trade route linking Francis town in Botswana, Bulawayo in Zimbabwe and the Mozambican port of Techobanine to the eastern markets,’ said President Masisi.
‘The project needs to be a priority because alongside being a vital trade corridor, it will unlock the economic potential of the three countries and contribute towards greater regional integration,’ he added.
Zimbabwe’s Foreign Affairs and International Trade Minister Sibusiso Moyo said the three countries are now working on timelines to facilitate implementation of the project whose length is projected to be close to 2,000 kilometres.
Funds for the project
The three countries’ governments, as well as private partners, are expected to finance the project. According to the MoU signed by the three states, each country is expected to provide $200 million with the rest coming from public-private partnerships (PPPs).
The venture will facilitate inter-regional trade upon completion, through shipment of passengers and up to 12 million tons of goods a year passing through the three countries.
SADC is an organisation committed to regional integration and poverty eradication within southern Africa through economic development and ensuring peace and security
patrick mulyungi
SOURCEConstruction Review
Previous articleTanzania sets up trading centres to curb gold smuggling
Next articleSouth Africa is Africa’s largest travel & tourism economy – report
Chad and Niger armies take two towns from Boko Haram
Editorial Staff - March 9, 2015
Africa backsliding over governance
Editorial Staff - October 7, 2016
Somalia PM interview: We are ready for business
Equatorial Guinea FLNG project on track for FID in 2016
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10581
|
__label__wiki
| 0.76807
| 0.76807
|
Hooliganism Essay
“Hundreds of English fans have been departed from Belgium after scenes of mass violence in Belgian cities and football authorities have threatened to expel the English team from the competition if there is another outbreak of the English Disease”
This was an article dated 20 June 2000 written by an English journalist. It is obvious from this article that world is facing a great problem nowadays.
Actually it would be wrong to use the term ‘nowadays’ because the ‘English Disease’ namely hooliganism have been a problem for many centuries.
There are many things to say on hooliganism but first it would be better to start with its definition. Hooliganism doesn’t have a standard definition. But it can be defined as destruction of properties or injury to persons, sometimes involving theft, whether by a gang or a small group of young people. Hooliganism is characterised as a lack of self-control, love of malicious mischief and idleness passing into dishonest and crime. Hooligans are usually made up of boys and young men, aged between 15 and 25 and their main targets are other groups, who only differ from them in their being composed of fans of another football team.
And another interesting fact about hooligans is that they consider themselves to be true fans: they support the team for better or worse, they create the highly praised ‘atmosphere’ inside stadiums. Their main interest does not seem much to see brilliant football but to see their team win.
As I mentioned in the beginning football hooliganism is known as the ‘English Disease’ but it has been a problem throughout Europe especially in Germany, Holland, Italy and Belgium as well as in the UK. Also Greece, Czech Republic, Denmark, Austria and Turkey witnessed these disturbances in football matches.
There are a lot of work done all around the world to avoid the harm hooligans give to the environment and themselves. European Parliament and the National Parliaments of the European Union made effort to avoid the violence throughout Europe. European Council issued a report on hooliganism September 1999 and tried to take further steps on this problem.
After all the work done by various sociologists and initiatives of the European Institutions still it is difficult to observe decline in violence in European Stadiums.
To make it clear that World is suffering enough from hooliganism for many years I will give some events that took place in various stadiums of the world. They are all violent and they are all dreadful. Then I will have a look at the background of the hooliganism. Then we will be able to study this subject within sociological perspective.
Past Violence Acts at Soccer Stadiums
1982 Moscow – 340 people are reported to be killed at a European Cup match between Soviet club Spartak Moscow and Haarlem of the Netherlands.
1985 Belgium – 39 people are killed at the European Champions Cup Final at Heysel Stadium when riots break out and a wall separating rival fans of England’s Liverpool and Italy’s Juventus of Turin collapses.
1989 England – 95 people are crushed to death at an English FA Cup semifinal game between Liverpool and Nottingham Forest, when police open gates to alleviate crowding outside Hillsborough Stadium. The resulting rush of people onto the already filled terrace sections traps fans against riot control fences ringing the field.
1996 England – It led to some 200 arrests and 30 injuries after England’s Euro 96 semifinal loss to Germany.
1996 Zambia – At least nine soccer fans are crushed to death and 52 others injured in a stampede following Zambia’s victory over Sudan in a World Cup qualifying game.
1999 Belgrade – A 17-year-old fan was killed by a flare fired by rival supporters in a violent Belgrade soccer derby.
Background of hooliganism
Football has been associated with violence ever since its early beginnings in 13th Century in England. On those days the game involved some battle between young people of neighbour villages and towns. So those were the days when the roots of the modern football were being established in Ancient England. And at the same time it was going hand in hand with the violence.
Tolerance of football violence was not, however universal and as early as the 14th Century there were calls for controls on the game. But these measures taken were not because of the troubles in matches. It was driving ordinary citizens away from the market towns on match days and it was bad for the business.
Nicholas Farndon, the Mayor of London issued a proclamation in 1314. It was forbidding the games within frontiers of London. But the effect of this preventive measure was limited despite numerous arrests, the games continued. Further attempts to control the games were made by 1660 in England and Scotland but they were ineffective bans on the game.
Throughout the 17th Century there were hundreds of football fans destroying work places and causing trouble in the towns. By the 18th Century the game took a more political significance. The transformation of the game from an unregulated battle on an ill-defined field of play was as a result of urbanisation and industrialisation.
The modern, professional version of soccer was created during 1840’s. In the early days of professional soccer violent rivalries were common and spectator violence were regular during the 1880’s.
Football in the early 1900’s remained a working class pastime with the new grounds built close to the heart of working class communities. The workingman merged his heart and soul with the effort and staked his reputation on the outcome of the game.
During the period after World War I and through World War II there was a decline of crowd violence and misbehaviour. Between the period of 1914-1940 there was individual violence but hooliganism in the collective and contemporary sense did not take place at football matches. During this period number of women attending football matches increased significantly.
After the interwar period we observe the rise of the ‘New Hooligans’. The postwar years were boom years for the English game and this was reflected in record ticket sales and attendances at the professional soccer games. However the glow of victory in the Second World War and the small economic growth created rising public concern about the problem of working class youth, rock and roll and especially the ‘Teddy Boys’. The incidences of football violence doubled in the first five years of the 1960’s compared to the previous 25 years.
Teddy Boys was the name given to a youth sub-culture of the late 1950’s. They had a particular style of dress, hairstyles, and dancing. There was reputation of violence and bad behaviour among them. They were also blamed for the rise in crowd disturbances at soccer games. Teddy Boys were in a number of quarrels with opposing fans at the soccer matches. Teddy Boys was a very crucial moment for the development of the soccer hooliganism. However in this early stage, hooliganism has not yet become a household item in Britain.
The next important stage for hooliganism occurred with the emergence of the skinhead craze during the late 1960’s. Skinheads cropped up all over working class council estates, in public housing and throughout the towns and cities of Britain. They displayed loyalty and pride in their community. Heavy drinking and fighting were ways of life for these young men from the rough working class. These soccer gangs went to soccer matches to support their local teams and soccer matches were the best places for the skinheads to display their ‘aggressive ways of life’ such as heavy drinking and fighting.
The mid 70’s saw the emergence of the fighting crews who have become known as the early predecessors to the early hooligans of the 1980’s and 1990’s. The most notorious of these fighting crews were the ones supporting London team Millwall Football Club. They had a reputation of being hard and crazy fans. They were organised according to their fighting abilities and ages. The Millwall Fans disbanded during the late 1970’s when the key members were jailed and government took more preventive measures at the stadiums. However the organisation of the activities of the Millwall fans started to be associated with the super hooligans of the teams such as Liverpool, Chelsea and Leeds.
During 70’s skinhead gangs slowly disappeared from the terraces but the hooligans remained. And it was possible to observe hooligan behaviour in other European countries so continental youth was influenced by the British hooligans.
With cooperation of the police, Football Associations and the owners of the soccer clubs there was an attempt to stop the invasions of hooligans. Building of the barricades in various stadiums was an important step for the prevention of the invasions. But this resulted in a tragedy because 95 Liverpool supporters were pushed and squeezed between the barricades. And this event resulted with the removal of these barriers.
By the mid-1970’s British authorities began to take soccer hooliganism more seriously and they started to use more serious penalties. During those years there was a slight drop in hooliganist movement but time showed that measures were not efficient enough.
By the time the invention of the circuit TV made identification of the hooligans easier and hooligans began to do their activities at the pubs and at the side streets of Britain.
In short the real expansion of hooliganism was felt in the 1970’s. In the world there was an image of ‘ beer-drinking crazy British football hooligans’ and hooligans were willing to keep this image. Another important fact was the growth of the English Nationalism with the English Hooliganism. Hooligans were seeing themselves as the hardest national bloc in Europe.
The serious problem of football violence in Europe mainly in England made social scientists to study this issue in detailed some sociologists considering it’s long history mentioned hooliganism as a sub-culture in their writings. Now I will try to detail the theoretical perspective’s of different social scientists on hooliganism.
Theoretical Views on Hooliganism
Since the 1960’s many researches were done on hooliganism. Social Scientists, journalists and academicians made many researches on this issue especially in England the work on hooliganism was held in a very detailed research.
Various schools were formed on the sociological perspective of hooliganism. They tried to explain the causes and patterns of the football violence in detail. They started their historical researches from the beginning in the late 1960’s when hooliganism became a major concern in Britain. They usually saw hooliganism as a continuation of groups such as Teddy Boys, Rockers and Skinheads.
John Clarke and Stuart Hall were the sociologists who argued specific sub-cultural styles enabled young working class people and males to resolve essential conflicts in their lives. Post war sub-cultures such as Teddy Boys and Skinheads have been examples of these kinds of people.
According to John Clarke Skinheads as an earliest exponent of hooliganism reflected working class traditions. There was a magical recovery of community through different patterns of behaviour and these behaviours included violence. While generations of working class youth had inherited the traditional ties to football and the pattern of supportership characteristics of the previous generation; they failed to inherit sociol controls which went with the supportership behaviour. Violence became known as demonstrating loyalty and supporting their local teams. And also the reason for this behaviour was considered as the wider shift in the class structure of British Society.
Other then the sociological studies made on hooliganism there were studies on observed behaviour of hooligans and accounts provided by fans themselves. They just didn’t treat hooligans as subjects to understand their behaviour. The methos was simply asking them. So by this way they tried to have an insider view on hooliganism. And they realised that there were social rules among hooligans. Being a ‘football hooligan’ enabled young males to achieve a sense of personal young males to achieve a sense of personal worth and identity at school or work. Violence was a part of route to success and it was an alternative way of having a career.
One of the influential studies done on hooliganism is the one that is about the lower working class and their alienation. Lower working class communities are characterised by a positive feedback cycle, which encourage aggression in many areas of social life. The capacity to consume alcohol in large quantities and fighting was a highly valued attribute among males of the lower working class. And they denied the educational and occupational status as a major source of identity. So this kind of a view on hooliganism was mainly based on a social class and the values of this class. Lower working class members especially the ones emerging after the reindustrialisation period of the 1970’s caused hooliganism to expand according to this view.
It is a big problem for sociologists name and interpret the behaviours of the hooligans. For one investigator a specific incident involving rival fans might be classed as ‘a serious violence’, a second observer might describe the same event as ‘a harmless display’ or a journalist might use the term ‘mindless thuggery’. So there is no objective way of describing these behaviours.
So because of this lack of objectiveness sociologists had different views on hooliganism. Some of them treated hooligans as the members of hell and some insisted on their sociological and historical background and blamed the society for their patterns of behaviour. And another author claimed that it was media and the police who were responsible for the behaviours of the hooligans.
So it is clear that there is no Europe-wide explanatory framework developed for the hooliganism. Also the sociological and the psychological factors which lie at the root of football violence differed in each European country. But there is a reality that football stadium is a convenient arena for all kinds of collective behaviour. Whether the background of the hooligans is different or not, young men who use the stadiums in different countries are all playing the same game. In the countries like Italy, Germany and Holland there were domestic kind of explanations according to the theoreticians of those countries. And they just didn’t rest their theories on British models.
Of course there are some specific factors common to fan groups throughout Europe but these factors are rarely applicable to all of the European Countries.
Up to this point we observed that English fans are the leaders of the hooliganist behaviour and there is imitative behaviour of European fans. Now I will try to discuss the extreme anti-social behaviour in other countries.
Hooliganism in Europe
It is clear that disorderly behaviour occurred in every country in which football is played. But the disorder and violence associated with football is not of the same nature or do not have same casual factors. And also the actions taken against football violence may not be effective in football-related disorder in different cultures.
As I mentioned in the previous section there is no universal explanation for all off the cross national variations of hooliganism. For example the major concerns on the background of hooliganism is social class in Glasgow it is religious sectarianism, in Spain it is linguistic sub-nationalism and in Italy it is the divisions between north and the south.
Despite the fact that national characteristics reflecting different historical, social, political and cultural traditions have affected the nature and scale of football violence in different European countries, there are significant cross-national similarities among them. In most of the countries there is increase in violence inside the stadium, there is increase in aggression among fans and the police within the stadium and also there is significant increase in violence outside the stadium including battles between the rival groups of fans in the streets, railway stations, car parks and bus terminals. These are known as the common three-stage process of hooliganism. The amount of these stages is different in each country but each country suffering from football violence go through these stages.
In most European countries, football violence is an internal problem. Majority of incidents occurs at club level matches; supporters of the national teams are better behaved. But of course English football supporters are exceptions to this rule. Rivalries with Germany, Netherlands and at last Turkey led to violence. But the thing common is that fans cause more trouble at away matches than when supporting their team at home. This is known as a common pattern across Europe.
Other than Britain; Italy, Germany, Netherlands and Belgium are known with the level of violence in their stadiums. The available data shows that %10 of the supporters is known as violent supporters in those countries.
Austria, Sweden and Denmark also suffer some problems with football related violence but this level of violence has a smaller scale. In Denmark a new style of non-violent fan culture known as ‘roliganism’ is popular nowadays. It is a tide against hooliganism and rolig means peaceful.
France, Spain, Portugal and Switzerland suffer some problems but football violence is not a major concern in those countries.
There is a seldom violence in Greece, Czech Republic, Albania and Turkey. There are violent supporters in those countries but they are in the early stages of hooliganist behaviour. But during the UEFA cup semi-final games we witnessed the rival of English fans and the Turkish fans known with their nationalistic character. And this took Turkey in to the discussions about hooliganism.
In this paper I based my concern in Britain and other European countries. It is possible to observe violent behaviours of the supporters in America, Africa, and Asia or elsewhere in the world. But they are not that common as it is in the European continent.
So in the view of above we can say that hooliganism is not clearly an English Disease and we would be mistaken if we hold British supporters as entirely possible for the violent behaviours in the stadiums.
Preventing Football Hooliganism
After talking about the background, theories and cross-national basis of hooliganism, it is now clear that hooliganism is a very big social problem in Europe. What can Europeans do to overcome this problem? In this section I will try to find the answer to this question. And I will try to introduce the future plans of European initiatives for preventive measures enough to tackle hooliganism.
The most important measures were taken for United Kingdom. As I mentioned before it had the earliest and most severe problems with football hooliganism. And United Kingdom was the only nation that had received expulsion from all European competitions. This expulsion and the other important preventive measures were taken after the Heysel Stadium disaster in which 39 Juventus fans died after the clashes with Liverpool supporters. The British Police and the British Government took many measures by using technological developments using closed-circuit television and computer databases.
The advance of technology after 1990’s helped the police and officers to tackle hooliganism. But during 60’s and 70’s the measures taken were only limited by the use of plain-clothes officers in domestic games and police escorting some on horseback and some with police dogs.
The nineties saw a shift away from using police to control fans inside the ground with clubs relying more and more on ‘stewards’. The clubs themselves employed stewards. It was the principal reason for the decline of the ratio of police to fans in 90’s. Clubs such as Chelsea and Leicester had relied on stewards to police the stadium. Police officers called only to take away individuals from grounds if they were breaking the law where as Stewards called follow a particular clubs agenda and reject people for breaking club rules.
Another important change in field of measures against hooliganism was the use of closed-circuit television Closed-circuit television was introduced into football grounds around the middle of the 80’s. By this way football supporters were being subjected to camera surveillance and this helped the police to make a distinction between the hooligans and the ordinary football supporters. With the invention of closed-circuit television the use of hand-held video cameras became common. This became a feature of police tactics to deter violence, gather information and monitor the efficacy of crowd control.
Advances in technology have also aided the police in surveillance operations. The ‘Hoolivan’ was launched at the beginning of the season of 1985. This high-tech machinery enabled police to maintain radio contact with all officers inside and outside the ground and to be linked with the closed circuit television cameras in and around the stadium. The hoolivan tended to be used at high tensional matches or when the police were concerned about a particular group of supporters.
After the tragedy in Heysel Stadium in the spring of 1985 and the incident in Bradford were 56 people were killed by a fire in the ground, more serious actions were taken at the governmental level. In 1989 government responded to the disorderly incidents of 1985 with the introduction of Football Spectators Act. Football Licensing Authority was established under this act and it was responsible for awarding licenses to premises that admit spectators to watch football matches.
The main proposal of the act was the introduction of compulsory identity cards for the supporters at every league; cup and international matches played in England. After the incident in 1989 where 95 Liverpool fans were crushed to death at Hillsborough Stadium, Lord Taylor published 43 separate recommendations, which were designed to be immediately implemented by all football leagues at the following season.
And the final report on hooliganism was published in January 1990, which included Lord Taylor’s recommendations. There was an emphasis on the lack of communication between the fans of the football authorities and the poor conditions of the football grounds. The main recommendations of this report were conversion off all football league grounds to all-seater stadia by the end of millennium, ticket-touting to become a criminal offence and introduction of new laws to deal with offences inside football stadiums.
It was after 1985 (Heysel Tragedy) that a real cooperation was made in Europe between police forces and football authorities to tackle hooliganism. After 1985 there were four major European initiatives addressed the issue of football violence. Firstly, the Council of Europe adopted the European Convention on spectator violence and misbehaviour at sport events, secondly European Council called on all member countries to deal with violence, thirdly European Parliament proposed a number of different measures to combat football hooliganism and fourthly it was the report of Committee on Culture and Education of European Assembly which introduced new preventive measures for football hooliganism.
International cooperation, active involvement of clubs, Investing information about fans and hooligans, excluding hooligans attending matches and communicating with fans, hooligans by police, clubs, stewards or fan coaches were the several elements of this report to avoid excesses in hooliganism. In this report also there were final agreements reached with UEFA on Euro 2000 matches and the ticketing system. So this report included measures to prevent violence in Euro 2000.
As I was doing my research on hooliganism I read many articles and visited many websites about hooliganism. The fact was the same everywhere, hooliganism was not declining and it was getting to be a bigger social problem each day.
Especially the events in Turkey and Copenhagen that we witnessed a few months ago and the events in Euro 2000 in Belgium are enough to show us the size of this social problem.
I talked about initiatives done about hooliganism just before Euro 2000. There were many measures taken to avoid hooliganism during these games. But we saw that the measures were not able to stop the football violence. They couldn’t go beyond than being initiatives of European officers
So it is the time for Europe to take more preventive and decisive measures like banning Britain from football games. I want to end my essay with an article written by Graham L. Jones in 26.06.2000. This article will be helpful in making a summary of the works about hooliganism.
‘The time for talk is over: Ban the Brits! Don’t wait another minute. Forget the possible quarterfinal game. Send Britain from Euro 2000 back to home. Yes, it’s my own country I’m talking about. And yes, it’s the team and players that I want to see pay the price for the absolute ineffectiveness of English Government and English judiciary doing nothing about hooliganism’
Modeling The Antecedents Of Innovative Behavior Essay
Mumia Abu Jamal Essay
Contextual Meaning Impact And Effect Of Globalization Essay
Health Care Response to Domestic Violence Essay
Concerns of Functional and Dysfunctional Teams Essay
I R Theory Essay
Posted on March 4, 2019 / 0 Categories Essays Archives
Previous PostUS And The World Economy Essay
Next Post“Killing for Sport” by Joseph Wood Krutch Essay
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10582
|
__label__cc
| 0.656836
| 0.343164
|
Ahalia Group is a leading Healthcare conglomerate residing at the crossroads of the modern economy – United Arab Emirates. Today, the Ahalia Group caters to thousands of patients through its more than 1000+ doctors and 3+ Super specialties Hospital, 23+ Satellite Centers, 35+ Pharmacies actively involved in the wholesale and retail of pharmaceutical products from Europe, USA and UK. Employing 6000 multicultural staff. With many more projects on the pipeline.
The Ahalia Group owes its amazing growth to the vision and guidance of the dynamic Founder & Chairman Dr. VS Gopal who have taken the company from strength to strength in the last 3 decade.
About Dr. VS Gopal
Ahalia Group under the patriarch of Dr. VS Gopal had a rather modest start. Commencing its operation with just one clinic in 1984, Dr. VS Gopal was just rearing to gather momentum in the Health Care industry. Setting a strong foothold in the UAE, the Ahalia Group has crossed the regional boundaries.
In 1984. Dr VS Gopal now one of the leading Health Care Groups in this part of the world, initiated his successful journey with 1 clinic in Abudhabi. The success brought by the launch of a few more allowed a clear understanding of the healthcare market apparent in the Gulf, thus allowing Dr. VS Gopal to concentrate on his business strategy of further introducing new clinics and expanding his reach to the public. Dr. Gopal belongs to a family of successful well known physicians from Kerala,India
Since his early days, Dr. Gopal was highly influenced by the Middle East healthcare environment and had a dream to bringing quality health care system to the to the Middle East, which seemed to be a promising market for Healthcare.
He is known for his pace of work and high leadership skills with which he drives everyone towards the organizational goals.
Dr. VS Gopal
Ahalia Group
About Sriya Gopal
Mrs. Sriya Gopal belongs to unique visionary elite. She spend her early days as a teacher as a part of her community services.
An ardent believer in giving back, Sriya has always taken an active role in working towards the betterment of the community. She turned to voluntary work for several years as well as many other charity initiatives & endeavors, helping children from underprivileged backgrounds, while also creating awareness and advocating women’s empowerment.
Even as Sriya continues to be a formidable presence in the boardroom, she has pursued her many passions with zest. She heads the community services of the group A board member of the community services and an advocate for women’s empowerment. Sriya’s taste and flair for community services saw her take over the role of a weekly columnist for Khaleej Times which she did with much conviction.
Sriya’s work & family are the two things closest to her. Any time away from work is spent with family with her husband, daughters and son. Her can-do, will do attitude to life – is definitely a testament to her success.
Sriya Gopal
Director –Community Services
Ahalia Medical Group
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10583
|
__label__wiki
| 0.734128
| 0.734128
|
Nurcan Baysal
A courageous journalist in Turkey’s Kurdish region
I want to share with you the story of a young, brave journalist whose age equals the number of court cases that have been brought against him. This is the story of Ferhat Parlak, a journalist from the town of Silvan in southeastern Turkey, who spent 14 months behind bars, waiting for justice. Ferhat’s story also exemplifies the difficulty of being a journalist in Turkey.
The Parlak family has been working in journalism in Silvan, in the mainly Kurdish southeast, since 1988. In the 1990s, along with the city of Batman, Silvan was a hub for the Kurdish Islamist Hizbullah movement. Ferhat’s father Yaşar Parlak published the Mücadele (Struggle) Newspaper. He focused especially on the crimes committed in Silvan by Hizbullah and the Gendarmarie Intelligence Organisation (JİTEM), which the Turkish government used in the fight against the Kurdish movement. He started receiving death threats.
“We were always on guard. When we were kids two Hizbullah members were killed in front of our house. Sometimes somebody would ring our bell, but when we went to check who it was, there was no one there. My father was always being followed, and he always felt his life was in danger. He was struggling against Hizbullah and JİTEM. They were imposing psychological pressure on my father,” Ferhat Parlak’s brother Serhat said.
Yaşar Parlak began to write a book on Hizbullah and JİTEM crimes in Silvan. His book, “Silvan: The City of Martyrs”, detailed nearly 400 unsolved murders, 45 attacks that resulted in injury, and 111 instances of torture. But in 2004, before he could finish the book, he was shot in the back of the head in a Silvan mosque.
His murder remains a mystery. The eldest son Ferhat, who was 20 at the time, followed in his father’s footsteps, became a journalist and finished the book. Ferhat was always getting into trouble with the authorities and having court cases brought against him. In a sense, he became the voice of Silvan. In 2014 the newspaper’s print ended, but Ferhat continued online. In August 2015, when street fighting broke out in the southeast, a court shut down the newspaper website, but Ferhat continued sharing news on Silvan via social media.
When the government began imposing 24-hour curfews in the region, Parlak’s reporting came to the attention of the authorities again, and police openly threatened him. His home and offices were searched and his computer, magazines, books, and documents related to his journalism, were confiscated.
When the central government began appointing administrators to govern Kurdish municipalities, Parlak began reporting on them. He developed a huge target on his back. Police even assaulted a young journalist visiting Silvan because they mistook him for Ferhat. Many cases were prepared against him and he was arrested 14 months ago, but only this week appeared in court.
I have read the indictment against Ferhat, as well as his defence. It accuses him of being a member of an armed terrorist organisation and calls for a sentence of 15 years in prison. Many of his journalistic activities are characterised as militant activity. The indictment uses old photographs his father took with Iraqi Kurdish Peshmerga fighters as evidence.
The book “Silvan: The City of Martyrs” was denounced as a terrorist publication. According to testimony from a secret witness, Parlak is accused of forcing a young person to join an armed group, but the youth in question is currently living a normal life in Silvan.
There are more such testimonies from secret witnesses, but for some reason these witnesses are not being called to the stand. In a letter he wrote from prison, Ferhat Parlak said the evidence against him included interviews he conducted and photographs he took in Qandil, the northern Iraqi base of the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK), at a time when the Turkish government and the armed group were engaged in a peace process between 2013 and 2015.
“During the peace process, official news agencies as well as prominent news organisations, including Anadolu Agency, Doğan Agency, and Cumhuriyet, among others, sent nearly 100 personnel to Qandil … If going to Qandil is a crime, then Anadolu Agency and I have committed the same crime. Why is it that I am being taken to court but Anadolu Agency is not being prosecuted alongside me?” the letter asked.
In short, a young journalist criticises the government and Hizbullah, comes face to face with death, and even goes to jail, but since this journalist is Kurdish and working independently, no one comes to his aid, and he remained lonely and imprisoned. Ferhat’s story is also the story of being an independent, critical journalist in the Kurdish region of Turkey.
Ferhat Parlak has been the subject of 34 court cases, but has only been a journalist for 14 years. His hair has already started to go grey. He is 34-years-old, with two young children and as many court cases as years.
Ferhat Parlak was freed on bail during a hearing on July 8 after 14 months in prison. His next hearing will be in November.
Activist Korur Fincancı, journalists acquitted of terrorism charges
Istanbul mayor İmamoğlu wishes to visit jailed pro-Kurdish deputy Demirtaş
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10584
|
__label__wiki
| 0.908877
| 0.908877
|
Millions of poor uprooted by World Bank-funded projects – journalists
April 16, 2015 Breaking News, WorldAdeel Khawar
16 Apr, 2015 11:20 pm
LONDON – More than three million of the world’s poorest people have been forced from their homes, land and jobs over the past decade by World Bank-funded projects, an investigation showed on Thursday as the global lender vowed to review its policies.
The World Bank, which aims to end extreme poverty, has repeatedly violated its own policies on protecting indigenous people, with devastating consequences for some of the world’s “most vulnerable people”, the investigation found.
The investigation was led by the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ), which analysed thousands of World Bank records and conducted interviews in 14 countries, including Albania, Brazil, Ethiopia, India, and South Sudan.
The Bank admitted last month that it had no idea how many people may have been forced off their land and lost their jobs due to its projects in developing countries, and whether these people were compensated fairly and on time.
World Bank President Jim Yong Kim said at the time there were major problems with the bank’s resettlement policies, and launched an action plan to address shortcomings, including improved risk assessment, staff training and accountability.
“We are now reviewing our safeguards policies and I am determined that we will learn from the past and that we will do all in our own power to protect people and the environment,” Kim told a news conference on Thursday.
The ICIJ has published its report at a time when the Washington-based bank is trying to ramp up investments in infrastructure projects that often lead to forced resettlement, including dams and highways.
The World Bank and its private-sector lending arm, the International Finance Corporation (IFC), committed themselves to lending $455 billion for nearly 7,200 projects in developing countries between 2004 and 2013, the investigation found.
More than 400 of these projects were confirmed to have uprooted local people and a further 550 may have caused displacement, ICIJ figures show.
The proportion of World Bank projects linked to resettlement rose to 29 percent of the total in 2009 from eight percent in 1993, according to an internal review published by the bank last month.
MASS EVICTIONS
The World Bank and the IFC have also financed governments and companies accused of human rights violations including rape, murder and torture, according to the ICIJ investigation.
In some cases, the lenders have continued to bankroll these borrowers after evidence of abuses emerged, the ICIJ said.
In Ethiopia, the government diverted millions of dollars from a World Bank-supported health and education project to fund a violent campaign of mass evictions, former officials who carried out the forced resettlement programme told the ICIJ.
The World Bank strongly disputes that its money supported the evictions and has continued to pump hundreds of millions of dollars into the programme, despite protests from indigenous Anuak refugees and human rights groups, the investigation found.
Along with the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank will hold its annual spring meeting on Friday, at which new resettlement policies and safeguards will be debated.
Yet some current and former World Bank officials warn that proposed revisions will further undermine the bank’s commitment to protecting indigenous people, according to the ICIJ.
The latest draft of the bank’s policy, released in July last year, would give governments more room to sidestep the bank’s standards and make decisions about whether local populations need protecting, they say.
“I am saddened to see now that pioneering policy achievements of the bank are being dismantled and downgraded,” the ICIJ quoted former World Bank official Michael Cernea as saying. “The poorest and most powerless will pay the price.” – Reuters
Countrywide protests against unannounced, long loadshedding
Pakistan Army partially restores Naran-Kaghan Road
No ambiguity over completion of Karachi operation: Lt Gen Naveed Mukhtar
Indian HC Gautam Bambawale calls on PM Nawaz Sharif
Sartaj Aziz calls on Sushma Swaraj in Nepal
South Korea's President Park impeached in parliamentary vote
May faces mounting criticism over London tower block blaze
FM slams India for being obstacle in regional progress: FM Qureshi
← E-cigarette use soared, smoking rate fell among US youth in 2014: CDC Airline seat squeeze raises health and safety concerns →
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10591
|
__label__wiki
| 0.526503
| 0.526503
|
Wright State University Chapter
New Contract for 2019-2023
GOFundMe Campaign
Solidarity Notices
Support for AAUP-WSU
Photo Scroll: Strike Support
Photo Scroll: On Strike–Day 1, January 22, 2019 [Outside]
Photo Scroll: On Strike–Day 1, January 22, 2019 [Inside]
News Coverage–Videos
Strike Preparation
Data and Fact Sheets
Background on Wright State’s Budget Issues
Contract Impasse
Calendar of Upcoming Meetings and Events
Contract, Workload Agreements, and MOUs
Bylaws for Colleges and Departments
Officers, Chapter Staff, Chapter Contact Information, Chapter Liaisons
About AAUP-WSU and Our Chapter Constitution; Joining AAUP-WSU
Issues of The Right Flier
Photo Scroll
Archived Posts from the Stand-Alone AAUP-WSU Blog
Links to Other Sites of Interest
Wright State Faculty Successfully Defend Ohio Higher Ed
This article was written by John McNay, President of the Ohio Conference of AAUP, for Plunderbund [plunderbund.com/2019/02/21/wright-state-faculty-successfully-defend-ohio-higher-ed].
Now that the dust is clearing from the faculty strike at Wright State University in Dayton, let’s to take a look at what happened. A tentative agreement was reached on Feb. 10.
Faculty at WSU went on strike on Jan. 22 and finally settled three weeks later. It was the longest academic strike in Ohio history and apparently the second longest in the country. The faculty union at Wright State is a chapter of the American Association of University Professors (AAUP). As the Wright State faculty continually, and correctly repeated, this strike was not about money. It was about quality of education that would be endangered by allowing a corporate-style administration to have unilateral control over such things as teaching loads and class sizes.
The Wright State administration seemed to think that they had the upper hand going into this struggle. “The actions of one-sixth of our employees will not alter our mission as an institution of higher learning,” WSU President Cheryl Schrader told the Dayton Daily News. She could not have been more wrong. Even though the administration advertised nationally for strike breakers, the fact is that they could not operate the university without the faculty. Schrader’s comment shows the problem with too many of our administrations. Engaged in so many other activities, they lose track of the reason that we have our universities – education. It isn’t building office palaces or playing games or rubbing elbows with the corporate big wigs. It is education.
What precipitated such a struggle? Primarily, it was gross mismanagement on behalf of the Wright State board of trustees and its administration. This crisis has statewide importance because of the actions of the Wright State administration and its board of trustees. Like others in charge of our public institutions of higher education in the state, the WSU leaders have spent more taxpayer money and student tuition on administrative bloat, grandiose construction projects (and in WSU’s context off-campus real estate purchases, including $26 million in Greene County alone), athletic department deficits, and, generally, non-academic initiatives. At WSU, these non-academic initiatives were supposed to produce additional revenue but instead have cost tens of millions.
The Wright State faculty drew a line in the sand and won.
Hopefully, it sends a message to our other corporate-style administrations. The actual timing of the strike was triggered by the board of trustees’ decision to unilaterally impose its contract offer. The vote that came suddenly on Jan. 7 was a surprise but the union was determined. “We can’t trust these folks to be good managers. They have shown themselves incompetent,” Noeleen McIlvenna, a History professor and union contract administrator, said. “I do hope that the community understands that this is a final straw.”
Certainly, what happened at Wright State seems to have been a perfect storm of incompetence. Some of the mismanagement has even been illegal. The ongoing FBI investigation into whether WSU violated work visa laws has so far cost the school more than $2 million. Other boondoggles have included spending more than $4 million (including updates to the Nutter Center) attempting to host the first presidential debate in 2016: Wright State spent more on the debate – that it didn’t host – than Hofstra University spent to host it.
Hard as it is to believe, the former president of Wright State, David Hopkins, under whom most of these blunders were made, had a contract that was certainly irresponsible. For the last years that Hopkins was employed, he was listed among the top 10 highest paid university presidents in the country and for four of those years his taxable compensation was over $1 million. Even today, the president who has overseen the failed negotiations that led to this strike, Cheryl Schrader, is pulling in more than $680,000 in taxable compensation (more than my entire eight-person department at UC Blue Ash).
And, as reported in the Dayton Daily News, there is more:
An Ohio Inspector General’s investigation concluded in December a report that questioning $1.8 million of the $2.3 million WSU paid to a consultant, a so-called “rainmaker” for grants.
Wright State University spent $850,000 on a branding effort that included a new logo that was scrapped in mid-2016 amid criticisms that it looked too similar to Rumpke Waste & Recycling.
Wright State in November paid $1.98 million to settle a complaint brought by the U.S. Department of Education over how the school was handling student aid.
Notice that none of these actions involved actually spending funds directly on the university’s primary mission – instruction and research.
So, it is clear to see how the university created its own financial crisis and that the faculty had nothing to do with this. Shockingly, faculty salaries and benefits make up only 17 percent of Wright State’s budget. Nevertheless, two years ago, when negotiations first began, faculty accepted they were going to have to take a financial hit to help correct the administration’s mistakes. But as negotiations unfolded, it became clear that the administration was not intending to let the budget crisis go to waste. Instead, they aimed to gut the faculty’s contract in what now seems a determined attempt to break the union.
Over the two years of negotiations, the administration agreed to meet only about 10 times. They were reluctant to put anything in writing, and stood by extreme demands. Faculty members had been targeted to make up for these mistakes since 92 full-time faculty positions already had been eliminated. As we often tell our students across the state: “You should ask where your money is going, because it is not going for your education.”
Salary had not been a sticking point because the union agreed early on to no pay increases in this contract given the financial hole the administration had dug. Instead, two other issues have been at the heart of the WSU dispute: workloads and health insurance. Faculty workloads typically are determined by departments based on the academic need for the students. But the WSU administration has proposed to eliminate workload agreements and impose a top-down approach that would have the accountants making decisions in engineering, biology, English, medicine and other disciplines. Wright State faculty insisted on defending quality higher education and research by having expert faculty in the disciplines involved in making these decisions.
Of great importance, the administration wanted to eliminate health insurance as a negotiation topic. The objective in any such proposal is to be able to bar the union from negotiating for compensation. If one cannot negotiate for healthcare, any pay raise one receives can be taken back with a premium increase. This is a union-busting tactic, one that was part of the infamous Senate Bill 5 attack on public employees in 2011, which Ohio voters overwhelmingly rejected and repealed, including the people of Dayton and the surrounding counties.
For those who joined the picket line with the Wright State faculty, one was immediately struck by the sense that they must have done this before. It was impressive that so many people stood up and took hands- on leadership roles to make the strike work. It appeared to be a smoothly-running well-oiled machine as picketers braved snow, rain, and bitterly-cold temperatures. And yet, this was a first for everyone involved.
Some things they did very well that helped with the victory:
Higher education faculty from all over the state showed their solidarity in various ways. Faculty from AAUP chapters at University of Cincinnati, Kent State, Bowling Green, Akron, Cincinnati State, Miami, Ohio State, and others walked the picket line and showed their support in other ways – donating food or coffee and social media posts. Kent and Akron even did a virtual picket from their universities. AAUP national and state staff and representatives were on hand as well helping to support in any way they could. Some days there were hundreds of picketers.
They formed over the months and years before strong ties with the broader labor movement, some of the connections going back to SB 5 days. Even with the extremely bitter weather picketers faced, one found on the picket line day after day, Ironworkers, school teachers (both OFT and OEA), electrical workers, other public employee unions, as well as other member unions of the AFL-CIO. They made good use of their political contacts. Many politicians offered support. Dayton Mayor Nan Whaley came to strike headquarters to speak to the faculty. Both she and Sen. Sherrod Brown sent letters to the board and administration expressing the same sentiment. Brown wrote, for example: “I urge you to reconsider your approach to these negotiations, specifically the hard line you have taken with the Wright State faculty.” Even area Republican legislators sent a letter encouraging a return to negotiations, something the faculty were eager to do and the administration refused. The Democratic caucuses in both the state House and Senate sent letters to the administration that were supportive of the faculty and calling for the administration to return to negotiations.
The faculty had amazing support from the students. They had sit-ins outside administration offices. They picketed with faculty. They had very active social media platforms on Twitter and Facebook defending the faculty.
With the help of the Ohio Conference, WSU faculty held a press conference that drew media, politicians, and a surprise and welcome visit by the new Chancellor of Higher Education, Randy Gardner, who spoke to the over 100 faculty, students, and allies. Gardner was on the phone a great deal in the final week or so of the strike with both sides encouraging a return to serious negotiations.
In the end, after finally agreeing to the use of a federal mediator, the administration gave up on a series of bad proposals, including unilateral control of workload and merit pay and unlimited furloughs. About insurance, the new contract will include a clause guaranteeing the faculty’s right to negotiate over healthcare although the union did agree to go into the same insurance plan as the other employees at Wright State. Because they negotiated for two years, they have essentially agreed to two contracts, one will complete the year left on this term, and then another three-year contract which provides for small raises in 2022 and 2023, the last two years of the second contract – at that point faculty will have gone five years without an overall pay increase.
There are going to be a lot of wounds to heal going forward. We agree with the sentiments of Chancellor Gardner: “The first people I thought about last night when I heard the news of the agreement were the students I met with Friday at the Statehouse,” Gardner said. “I’m hopeful that their plans and goals for the future – and those of thousands of others as well – are restored.”
You can be sure that the Wright State faculty will be working to restore those futures. As WSU-AAUP Chapter President Marty Kich said “I am sure all our members are glad to be going back to the classroom where we hope things will return to normal for our students as soon as possible.”
John McNay is a professor of history at the University of Cincinnati, and author of Collective Bargaining and the Battle of Ohio: The Defeat of Senate Bill 5 and the Struggle to Defend the Middle Class.
Posted on March 6, 2019 March 9, 2019 Author aaupwsuwebsite
Previous Previous post: Letter of Support from the Board of the Maine Educational Association
Next Next post: Letter on Resolution of the Strike from Paul Davis, Chair of the AAUP-CBC
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10594
|
__label__wiki
| 0.697281
| 0.697281
|
Former Chicago man abandoned while snorkling
June 29, 2011 (CHICAGO)
Ian Cole, who once lived in Chicago, was exploring in the Great Barrier Reef on Saturday. He explains, when he came up to the surface, his dive boat was gone.
Cole swam to another boat for help.
The boat company denies he was ever in danger because there were other boats nearby.
Cole explains that a French backpacker -- who was not fluent in English -- was in charge of the headcount to make sure snorkelers got back on the boat.
"I was kinda surprised they gave the least experienced person -- and the person who didn't speak English fluently -- the responsibility of checking off names," Cole said.
The incident is similar to the infamous case of Tom and Eileen Lonergan of Louisiana. They died in 1998 after their tour boat left while they were scuba diving on the reef. Officials believe they drowned or were eaten by sharks.
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10595
|
__label__wiki
| 0.713845
| 0.713845
|
Viacheslav Chirikba. "The Ubykh People Were in Practice Consumed in the Flames of the Fight for Freedom"
The Ubykh and Abkhazian leaders in the Sochi valley 1841, drawn by Prince G. G. Gagarin
Conversation of Ina Khadzhimba with Doctor of Philological Sciences, Linguist and Caucasologist, Viacheslav Chirikba.
- How did you begin studying the Ubykh language?
- I began to be professionally involved with Ubykh when I wrote my candidate's thesis in Moscow. I defended it in 1986 on the topic of the comparative phonetics of the Abkhaz-Circassian languages. At the time I had no contact with native speakers of Ubykh, but my interest in the language was very great. Having enrolled in the doctoral programme at the University of Leiden in the Netherlands, in 1991 I made the first trip to Turkey. And then I was lucky enough to meet for the first time a person for whom Ubykh was his mother-tongue, the famous Tevfik Esenç, who lived in the village of Haji Osman in northwestern Turkey. I worked there for about four hours, and recorded from the mouth of Tevfik texts and different words.
- Tevfik Esenç, the last Ubykh! Did you record him?
- Yes. Moreover, I was the last foreign linguist who worked directly with him and recorded him. On 7 October of the following year (1992), he sadly passed away, and this date is deemed to be the date of the death of the Ubykh language. However, in terms of learning the phonology, morphology, etymology, I have been and continue to be engaged with the Ubykh language. Now there is a great amount of Ubykh material on tapes. Last year I made an expedition to Turkey and visited about 20 Ubykh villages. I was helped in the organising of the expedition by the Adyghe-Abkhazian Scientific Association in Turkey. These are small villages, some very small, some bigger. I was trying to find out how much of the traditional culture and language they have preserved. It turned out that the language is already in practice completely extinct. This year, I spent three weeks in Turkey and completed my Ubykh expedition. I was greatly helped in the organisation of the trip to the Ubykh villages of Samsun and Sinop by Professor Erol Taymaz and other Circassian, Abkhazian and Ubykh friends. This expedition of mine produced many gains for me.
- What does "completely extinct in practice" mean?
- Some words have survived; old people can remember expression, but they are unable any longer to speak the language and to carry on a conversation. They remember such words or expressions as: asmyts’an "I do not know that," yadan anyshәa apxjadykw "very nice girl", mawykj’any? "Where are you going?" sowshyny? "How are you?" etc. `of the language there was very little, but I gathered materials also on the genealogy of the Ubykhs, on their traditions and wedding-ritual. I think I gathered interesting material, but these are, unfortunately, only small pieces of the traditional culture of the Ubykhs.
- Do the Ubykhs differ from us Abkhazians in terms of custom, ritual, and culture?
- The Ubykhs lived between the Abkhazians and the Circassians. Those who lived near the Abkhazians had more Abkhazian features, whilst those who lived alongside the Circassians experienced, of course, a greater influence from the culture of the Circassians. However, the Ubykhs preserved their own Ubykh elements. I also succeeded in establishing these. These were their wedding-ceremonies and tunes. They no longer sing songs in the Ubykh language, because the language is no longer known, but melodies on the harmonica survive. But I did, though, have the good fortune to record one song in Ubykh.
- The melodies are specifically Ubykh?
- Well, this is a matter for musicologists. Although even to me it is clear that, for example, the wedding-songs contain explicitly Ubykh features.
- But when we say that they are close to us, isn’t it the case that they take offence? Don’t they say that they are Ubykhs?
No. I never encountered such a reaction. They know it well enough that Abkhazians, Circassians and Ubykhs are brothers. Though in fact they are not Abkhazians or Circassians, but a third nation that is related to the Circassians and the Abkhazians but with their own distinct language; but this is already another matter.
- Does the current Ubykhs have a sense of their own identity that is separate from the Adyghean or Abkhazian?
- Already at the beginning of XX century, the early researcher into the Ubykhs, the German scholar Adolf Dirr, noted that Ubykhs had a vague sense of identity. They didn’t distinguish themselves greatly from the Circassians. And this is to some extent understandable. There were mixed families, marriages with Circassians, fewer with the Abkhazians. And even today this is also valid. If in Turkish you ask an Ubykh: ‘Who are you?’, he will say: "I am a Circassian." He doesn’t say: "An Ubykh." However, if you start to dig a little deeper, you find that he is an Ubykh.
They consider themselves Ubykhs but as part of a common-Circassian ethnocultural community. And as for language, most older Ubykhs are fluent in the Adyghe language. Thus. they are very well aware of their close relationship with both the Circassians and the Abkhazians.
As I have already said, they lived between the Abkhazians and the Circassians, and, naturally, the Abkhazian influence on them is palpable. But even stronger was Circassian influence. I repeat that, in principle, they are all well aware that the Abkhazians, Circassians, Ubykhs are closely related peoples, and also that we have to stick together to survive. Such is the understanding there is. They have a poorly developed local identity but a very clear sense of belonging to the common Abkhaz-Adyghean ethno-cultural world. And this sense is felt fairly strongly amongst them in fact! Therefore, the word "Cherkess" to them means "representative of the West Caucasian ethnos", including therein Kabardians Adygheans, Abkhazians, Abazinians, and, of course, the Ubykhs themselves.
- And the sound-system of Ubykh?
- The Ubykh language is considered one of the world’s record-holders as regards the number of consonants. It has 80 consonants. That is a lot! In Turkish there are 21 consonants, in French and English 20. In Ubykh there are consonants that are not found in other languages of the world. At the very least, they are very rare. For example, pharyngalised consonants.
- And vowels?
- Three vowels. Long /a:/, short /a/ and /ı/. Ubykh phonetics is very similar to that of Abkhaz and Adyghe. The first person to record Ubykh words and phrases was the Turkish traveller Evliya Çelebi in the XVII century. His recordings are very accurate, and they are generally easy to read. Çelebi, apparently, was a born linguist; he made the first recordings in Abkhaz, Adyghe, Megrelian and other languages. Later, in the mid-19th century, the brilliant self-taught linguist, Russian General Peter Uslar, became occupied with the Ubykh language.
- Did Evliya Çelebi know Abkhaz?
- Unlikely so. His mother was Abkhazian; his uncle, the Grand Vizier Melik-Ahmed Pasha, with whom he spent a lot of time on campaigns, was an Abkhazian, and they knew the language, so that from childhood he could hear sounds strange to Turkish ears. This is highly likely because he made amazingly accurate records, in spite of such complex sounds. Yes, it is not to be excluded that his wonderful perceptiveness, his flair for languages, for phonetics, and indeed his interest in the different languages which he recorded for his "Travel Book" might have been caused, among other things, by the fact that from childhood he could hear Abkhazian speech, and his ear became trained to such complex sounds. After all, the Turkish language is very simple.
- You said that you collected their genealogy among the Ubykhs. Do they remember even those who were buried back in the Caucasus?
- Yes, but not all, only some. Sometimes you wonder how they could have retained these complex genealogical schemes of their ancestors and relatives. But there were some who could not even recall their Ubykh surnames. Yes, such is also the case. After all, the process of assimilation is very strong there. Especially over the last 40 - 50 years.
- Do you think the Ubykhs could have preserved the language? After all, all the other nations in the diaspora have preserved their native language.
- Uslar was already writing that the Ubykh language was in agony, which is to say that already in the Caucasus it was in a dysfunctional state. It obviously could not compete with Abkhaz and especially with the Adyghe languages. The influence was just too great. When the Ubykhs moved to Turkey, they were scattered all over Turkey in the area between Trebizond and Bursa, between Samsun and Adana and Marash. Many of them in the early years died from disease, starvation and cold. A part was assimilated. They had no possibility of keeping their own language. Firstly, they were not compactly settled, and secondly, they lost a lot of people during the resettlement-process. They had no time to think of the language. They had to survive. The language held on the longest in two regions of Turkey: near Izmit, in north-central Turkey, and near the city of Bursa, in the north-west. Near Izmit there are several villages in which Ubykhs live; there beside them live both Abkhazians and Circassians. But near Bursa only Circassians now live. There the language held on until 1992, and even a little longer. However, there is still some mystery about the rapid disappearance of the Ubykh language, as the Abazinians also resettled in roughly the same numbers as the Ubykhs, but they have retained their language.
- And the borders of Ubykhia in your opinion? ...
- I found in Turkey a community called Hamyshaa whose ancestors lived in Khosta, and another community, Chywaa, who lived in Matsesta. The Hamyshaa are pure Abkhaz-Sadzians. Among them, there are only two surnames of Ubykh origin, although they are now Abkhazians. But the village or community of Chywa is mixed Sadzian-Ubykh. And that means that in fact ethno-linguistic boundary between the Ubykhs and the Abkhazians lay not on the river Khosta (Khamysh), as is commonly thought, but rather along the river Matsesta, which, incidentally, carries the Abkhazian designation "Fire Valley" (from /Mtsa-psta/). But it may be that just after Khosta there were mixed Ubykh-Abkhazian villages.
- What speaks of the Ubykhs having been forcibly evicted?
- The Ubykhs were considered the most warlike tribe in West Caucasia. They were irreconcilable opponents of Russia during its colonisation of the west Caucasian coast. Unfortunately, the nation were denizens of the main road leading from Russia to Georgia, and this fact proved fatal for them.
- They lived along the road?
- They lived on the main coastal road. On the one side the sea, on the other the mountains, and between these was Ubykhia; through it passed the road from Russia to Georgia, which had previously become part of Russia. If the Ubykhs had found a common language with the Russians, then, of course, they could have remained in their homeland, just like the Abkhazians and Circassians, who today live in the Caucasus. There would now have been a lot of them in Sochi and the surrounding areas. But they decided to fight Russia. It was a conscious decision. And they were spurred to war with Russia by foreigners too, the Turks, and the British and the Poles ... The result of this intransigent stance is well-known to us: on the ancient territory of the Ubykhs themselves there is not a single Ubykh left, but in Turkey they have already lost not only the language, and many have lost even their identity.
- What were the British after?
- The British feared that Russia would advance from the Caucasus farther to the south-east and reach India. There were British colonies there. They tried by all means to create a Circassian buffer to the movement of Russia to the south-east. For this they even wanted to create a Circassian state. They pursued their own interests, and, for their own advantage, they incited the Ubykhs, Circassians and Abkhazians to fight against Russia, though this struggle was, as it turned out, hopeless. Russia was a huge country with inexhaustible military and human resources, and neither the Abkhazians nor the Circassians, let alone such a small nation as the Ubykhs, could not resist it. And so what happened was the tragic event known as the ‘mukhadzhirstvo’ (Exile), which in 1864 saw all the Ubykhs, all the Sadzians, all the Akhchipsy, all the Aibgans, all the the Pskhuians deported to Turkey once and for all.
- Did faith play a decisive role?
- Only partly. The Ubykhs were offered only the choice of moving either to the Kuban or to Turkey, but, because they hated the very idea of being under the control of the Russian Tsar, a Christian ruler, they decided to move away under the patronage of the Sultan of Turkey, who was perceived to be the defender of all Muslims. So the religious factor seems to have played a certain role — at least in the case of the Ubykhs. In general, the Abkhaz-Circassian mountaineers did not want to have any foreign control over them, the more so any control exercised by a Christian empire that was alien to them in spirit and culture. On the other hand, the Ubykhs had very lively trade-relations with Istanbul and with Turkey. There they had acquaintances, friends, even family-members, including in the sultan's court, whereas with Russia there were no such ties. They were afraid of Russia. And in this the anti-Russian propaganda of foreigners amongst them played a role. They were told that all of them would be forced to live in the same village, where there would be no differences between the nobility and the peasantry. But social inequality in Ubykhia was quite significant. All this taken together had an effect on them, with the result that, not without great hesitation and bitter arguments, they finally took the decision that would prove fatal for them, namely that, no, they did not want to live under Russian rule. And in this the religious factor did not play the decisive role in this. The most important thing for the Ubykhs was to keep their freedom.
- And in Turkey how did the destiny of the people unfold?
- Tragically. Firstly, there were very few of them. Thirty thousand, no more. These thirty thousand, or rather, those who survived, were scattered throughout Turkey, from Trebizond to Bursa, where even today small Ubykh villages have been preserved. If they had been all settled compactly in one place, like the Abkhazians and the Circassians, they might, perhaps, been better able to maintain themselves as a separate small ethnic group. But they lived alongside Turks, Kurds, Laz, Armenians, Georgians, Greeks, other peoples resident in Turkey. All this hastened their assimilation.
- Was this done intentionally?
- Partially. But they were given the right to take up residence. They searched for wooded areas, foothills, resembling the Caucasus, where there was water, where there were no malaria-carrying mosquitoes. Upon finding such places, they settled there and put down roots. Since Turkey was then a sparsely populated country, they were given the freedom to choose their places of residence. So they became scattered all over Turkey.
- Even so, they were an important nation?
- They were a very interesting people. The Ubykhs put up a very organised resistance to the expansion of tsarist Russia; they were the heart and brains behind the resistance. They even set up in Sochi a Caucasian parliament with the participation of representatives from the Ubykhs, Circassians and Abkhazians. In general, almost the entire people were consumed in the flames of the struggle for freedom. Therefore, the Ubykhs, naturally, stand out as a sad symbol for all of us, Abkhazians and Circassians alike, as we could just as easily have disappeared without trace. We, fortunately, had greater luck than the Ubykhs.
- And they were supported by the Abkhazians...
- They were supported by part of the Abkhazians, those were the Western Abkhazians (Sadzians, Akhchipsy, Pskhuians, Aibgans and also the Tsebeldans), and so all these were expelled or forced to depart along with them. The Ubykhs were also supported by the Abadzekhs and Shapsughs. And they too almost disappeared. Abadzekhs and Shapsughs were the largest Adyghean tribes. Today, in the Caucasus, there are only one or two Abadzekhian villages and a few Shapsugh villages left. In general, those who turned out to be irreconcilable disappeared from the Caucasus.
- In general, is there is no constellation Ubykhs, of their language?
- Difficult question — have the Ubykhs survived as a people? It can be said that the Abkhazian people have survived in the diaspora; one can also say that of the Adyghe, but it is more difficult when it comes to the Ubykhs. Because, in general, although there are exceptions, they do not identify themselves as a separate entity, they do not see themselves as a separate nation. They consider themselves part of the Circassian world. Although they know the difference between themselves and the Circassians and the Abkhazians.
- Can Ubykhs return to Abkhazia?
- They can. But it is for them not a simple matter. The problem is not only a matter of financial support, but it is also one of social adaptation. They would be coming from Turkey to a country where the language is foreign, where the customs are foreign, and where there is a foreign mentality. They would have to get used to all this, to adapt. And, even so, there are a few Ubykhs who have come and live here. After the war, our President Ardzinba proposed even to create a village for the Ubykhs.
- You read lectures on Ubykh at the Abkhazian State University and the Institute Abkhazology. Is this a first?
- Lectures on Ubykh were read before in France by Georges Dumézil and Georges Sharashidzé. In the Netherlands Ricks Smeets taught Ubykh. But, yes, in Abkhazia, I am the first to give them. And today this happens almost nowhere else in the world, only here.
- By self-awareness you are Abkhazian, but it has been said that by nationality you are Ubykh.
- No. I am not Ubykh, I am Abkhazian. It’s just that our name, according to the work of G. A. Dzidzaria, came to Abkhazia from Sochi in the early XVIIIth century. In Turkey, all of my namesakes are Ubykhs, though I still hope to find Abkhazians too. For example, someone whose grandmother was "Chyryg-pha." But among my Ubykh namesakes there are, probably 10 families.
- What other Ubykh surnames have you encountered?
- Kjets’e, Zejshwa, Khamyta, Shhaply, Dechen, Chyzamyghwa. There are many Ubykh surnames.
- At the end of the year you have a book coming out. What's it about?
- With the financial support of the first President, my book, my doctoral dissertation, was translated from English. This is a reconstruction of the proto-Abkhaz-Adyghean language, the ancient ancestor of the Abkhaz-Adyghean languages. I have about 20 percent of the texts to correct. Hopefully, by the end of the year the manuscript will be ready for publication. Next in line are my grammar of the Sadz dialect of the Abkhaz language and also a dictionary of the Abkhaz-Abaza dialects.
- I understand that there is no living Ubykh language, but still is there any hope in your heart? Are there attempts to change the situation?
- There are people who are trying to learn the Ubykh language. But they are few. In addition, though, it’s necessary to have someone to talk to in this language, otherwise what's the point of learning it? With whom are you going to talk in Ubykh? For the revival of the Basque language and of Welsh, all the conditions exist, and there are quite sizeable speech-communities in the Basque Country and in Wales. With the help of special programmes, which are generously funded, they are successfully reviving their language. But amongst the Ubykhs there are only a few enthusiasts who can learn only words, or individual phrases, or small texts.
Of course, this is very sad. They were a wonderful, beautiful and proud Caucasian people, with a very interesting and, in many respects, unique language. This people lived on the coast, communed during their history with the Byzantines, the Genoese, the Turks, as well as the Abkhazians, and they took a lot from them. This people were very militant but at the same time fully developed culturally.
If the Ubykhs had moved to the Kuban, as they were offered…, well, the Kuban is two hundred kilometers from Ubykhia, and it is, after all, the Caucasus, very fertile soils, mild climate, they would surely have survived better than in Turkey.
However, in Turkey too the Ubykhs have made their mark. From their midst, especially from the noble families, came warlords, Pashas, and there even seem to have been ministers. There have been writers and artists.
- What is the situation with the Ubykhs today in Turkey?
- Ubykhs actively participate in the general life of the Abkhaz-Adyghean, the North Caucasian diaspora. There are even some enthusiasts who want to bring together a Congress of the Ubykhs. To gather together their people! An intensive dialogue is being conducted on the internet among the Ubykh community of Turkey. There are special Ubykh groups on-line that communicate with one another. This is indicative of the fact that Ubykh self-awareness is to some degree being revived, especially among young people, as there are a number of Ubykhs who consider themselves to be Ubykhs, that they have their own culture, their own historical past, and they want to communicate, to study their history, their own nation.
- Can Abkhazia help in any way?
- Abkhazia will help in taking in repatriates of Ubykh origin. True, there are at the moment very few. I have friends - Ubykhs who dream of coming to Abkhazia, to start a business, or just to live here. But we need to create the conditions to make them feel welcome, not just guests.
- What was the Ubykhs’ self-designation, and what did they call the Abkhazians?
- The Ubykhs’ self-designation is "Tpakhy." Abkhazians are called by them "Azgha" and the Abkhaz language "Azgha-bza" and Abkhazia "Azgha-shwabla."
Published in the journal "Abaza" (anniversary edition), 2012, p. 203-206.
This interview was published by Apsny.ru on February 17th, 2013 and is translated from Russian by George Hewitt.
George Hewitt's Recordings from Turkey (1974)
In the course of 6 weeks spent in Turkey in 1974, I made recordings of Circassian (mostly the Abzakh dialect but also some Shapsugh) in the Anatolian village of Demir Kapı and of Ubykh (mostly with Tevfik Esenç in Istanbul but also with some other elderly speakers in the village of Haci Osman Köyü). The recordings posted here represent a selection of those materials.
http://georgehewitt.net/articles/linguistics/281-george-hewitt-s-recordings-from-turkey-1974
The Origin of the Abkhazian People, by Viacheslav Chirikba
Baron Pyotr Karlovich Uslar: Inventor of the First Abkhaz Alphabet, by Stephen D. Shenfield
In Memoriam Georges Charachidzé (1930 - 20 February 2010)
Window on Eurasia: Can the Ubykh Language Return from the Dead?
Apsny Press: Interview with Viacheslav Chirikba
Vyacheslav Chirikba: “Abkhazia without the Abkhaz people would merely turn into a second Sochi or Adler”
Viacheslav Chirikba: Abkhazia Will Never Renounce Its Independence
Ubykhs, by T. Tatlok - Caucasian Review, Vol. 7 (1958)
The head of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Abkhazia: The country will be recognized despite pressure from the US
The EU and the Conflicts in the Eastern Neighborhood: The Case of Abkhazia, by Irakli Khintba
Democracy in Abkhazia: a testing year, by George Hewitt
In Sukhum Saakashvili's verbal commitment is not believed
Viacheslav Chirikba: "We simply will not read these letters"
L. Lakerbaia presented Viacheslav Chirikba, their new head, to the staff of the Foreign Ministry of the Republic of Abkhazia
More Interview
Protesting General Tyszkiewicz
Caucasus Times: Interview with Donnacha Ó Beacháin
George Hewitt: The accelerated recognition of Georgia helped to instigate the ethno-political conflicts
Interview with Nikolai Zlobin, Director of Russia and Eurasia Studies at the World Security Institute
Benedikt Harzl: "International law in a position to provide interaction with de-facto states"
Markedonov: 'Politics is the art of the possible'
Interview with Foreign Minister Viacheslav Chirikba
Sergei Shamba: we do not trust the Americans
Interview with Abkhazian President Sergei Bagapsh
The Russian Consul killed in Abkhazia was trying to resolve disputes overhousing
Spiegel Online: Interview with Abkhazian Prime Minister Alexander Ankvab
Citizens of Abkhazia Strive to Shape Sovereign Nation
Thomas de Waal: The new treaty is not a watershed in Russian-Abkhaz relations
Beslan Kobakhia: ‘This war should be ended by those who started it’
Abkhazia dependent and independent - Interview with Inal Kashig
Interview with Doug Bandow, Senior Fellow at the Cato Institute in Washington, D.C.
Why Nicaragua recognised South Ossetia and Abkhazia
Caucasian Languages Disappear from the Curriculum at London University: Interview with George Hewitt
Independence means stability – Abkhazian foreign minister
Charlotte Hille: From Abkhaz ASSR to a Democratic Republic
Issues Points Memo – Interview with Liana Kvarchelia, deputy director, Centre for Humanitarian Programmes, Sukhum, Abkhazia
Geneva and the crisis in the Caucasus - Interview
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10596
|
__label__wiki
| 0.574295
| 0.574295
|
New Possibilities With
Non-surgical Solutions
Notice: Zeuterin was commercially launched in the U.S. in 2014, following approval and use in several other countries by the name EsterilSol. The product, which was manufactured by Ark Sciences, is not currently being produced or distributed in any country due to the manufacturer’s financial challenges. While there is presently no indication of returning to the market, the formulation retains approval by the U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA).
ACC&D-sponsored Zeuterin field studies
ACC&D is committed to advancing non-surgical fertility control options that are safe, humane, and economical. We also recognize the importance of understanding and sharing information on how non-surgical sterilants can most effectively be used within a community, veterinary practice, or animal shelter. Below, you’ll find reports from ACC&D-supported field studies conducted between 2009 and 2012 that have contributed data on “best practices” and behavioral considerations related to use of Zeuterin (distributed as EsterilSol during the timeframe of these studies) for male dogs. We also encourage you to visit our “Reports from the field” webpage to learn about use of non-surgical sterilants by a diverse group of organizations and veterinarians.
Behavior assessment of free-roaming dogs after two neutering methods
Zeuterin™ was carefully evaluated for safety during the process of U.S. Food & Drug Administration approval. However, there is a dearth of objective information on the behavioral effects of neutering male dogs using Zeuterin/EsterilSol—or for that matter, surgical castration—relative to an intact (unneutered) animal. In 2011, A team organized by Veterinarians Without Borders/Vétérinaires sans Frontières-Canada (VWB/VSF) aimed to change this.
The study setting: Puerto Natales, a small and isolated city in the Patagonia region of Chile. Like so many other communities across the globe, Puerto Natales struggles with large street dog populations. Not only do many of these dogs suffer serious health and welfare consequences; they also threaten subsistence farmers’ livestock and pose risks to human health in the form of disease transmission, aggression, and dog bites. In short, Puerto Natales was an ideal location in which to support humane dog population control efforts, and with permission from community leaders, to conduct this behavior study.
Using data gathered through over 1,200 hours of video recordings of 118 free-roaming dogs, the team analyzed 57 canine behaviors. The team also used GPS collars to evaluate dogs’ home ranges and tendencies to roam, the latter a behavior commonly believed to diminish with surgical castration and its associated decrease in testosterone production.
The Puerto Natales study demonstrated tremendous variation in dogs’ roaming ranges, which spanned from under half an acre to over 8 square miles (21 square kilometers). Roaming distance was affected positively by higher testosterone and negatively by increasing age; in other words, younger dogs with higher testosterone levels (measured in a companion study) tended to travel further than their older, lower-testosterone counterparts.
Analyses using video recording homed in on four overarching behavioral traits: general activity, social activity, sexual activity, and aggression directed at other dogs. Analyses also spoke to the fact that we cannot assume that surgical or chemical sterilization (or no sterilization at all) will have a consistent impact on a dog’s behavior. For several measures, analysis found no significant behavioral differences between treatments. Analysis also spoke to the importance of inherent (e.g., breed, age, sex, testosterone levels) and environmental (e.g., weather, food, interactions with other people and dogs) factors in influencing behavior. In short, free-roaming dog behavior is complicated!
The work in Puerto Natales is vital to enhancing our appreciation of free-roaming dog behavior and helping people—veterinarians, community members, pet owners, animal welfare experts, and municipal authorities alike—better understand and care for these populations.
Study results were published in Preventive Veterinary Medicine in January 2016.
Guatemala Sterilization Program and EsterilSol Field Study
In 2009, ACC&D helped to support a Veterinarians Without Borders/Vétérinaires sans Frontières-Canada (VWB/VSF) campaign that utilized EsterilSol as part of a multifaceted community initiative in Todos Santos, Guatemala. The remote community had asked VWB/VSF-Canada to assist in managing the dog population when local attempts to control numbers through culling (including strychnine poisoning and killing puppies after birth) had proven at once inhumane and unsuccessful.
In keeping with a community-focused approach to canine population control, the VWB/VSF team began its multifaceted initiative by meeting with diverse stakeholders to gain an understanding of the community, after which it conducted a dog population census to determine numbers of animals and identify realistic targets for humane population management. The team also reached out to individual households to gather resident and dog owner data—which showed, among other things, a slight preference for chemical sterilization over surgical castration. This comprehensive community approach yielded critical information for VWB/VSF to launch a campaign to educate and promote the fundamental reason they were called to Todos Santos: dog sterilization.
During the implementation phase of the project, 126 male dogs were successfully sterilized with EsterilSol, with positive results. EsterilSol was selected as the method of sterilization for male dogs because of its relative ease in administration, which was essential in enabling this small team to perform the greatest number of sterilization procedures with limited resources. In challenging field conditions, adverse reactions occurred in just 2 dogs out of the 126. More broadly, learning from this campaign has expanded understanding about EsterilSol and its uses. It has shown us the considerable positive impact that non-surgical sterilants such as EsterilSol can have in certain localities. In a community where numerous obstacles to surgical castration exist—including primitive field conditions, scarce resources, and cultural aversion to castration—EsterilSol proved to be an excellent solution.
EsterilSol Small Grants Program (ESGP)
ACC&D's EsterilSol™ Small Grants Program (ESGP) was developed in 2009 with a dual purpose: first, to assist nonprofit organizations seeking to extend the reach of their sterilization efforts by incorporating EsterilSol (Zeuterin™); and second, to gather data to advance learning about field use of this non-surgical sterilant.
Between 2009 and 2010, ACC&D awarded grants to five international not-for-profit organizations: Sentir Animal (Colombia); Animal Balance (Dominican Republic, Galapagos Islands, and Samoan Islands), Veterinarians Without Borders/Veterinaires Sans Frontiers-Canada (Chile), Sierra Leone Animal Welfare Society (Sierra Leone), and Kenya Society for the Protection and Care of Animals (Kenya). All five organizations incorporated education and community outreach in addition to sterilization services. Among the many valuable lessons from these studies was the significance of public health as a connective and galvanizing force in under-resourced communities, and the critical need to understand and allow time to properly address local requirements to import Zeuterin.
One complication in a few of these studies was an unexpected number of adverse reactions among canines who were treated, many seemingly brought about by improper injection technique and absence of a controlled setting for the procedure. This led ACC&D to emphasize the importance of EsterilSol being administered only by trained veterinary professionals and in environments where close post-procedure supervision can take place. When Zeuterin (the same product formulation as EsterilSol) was relaunched in the United States in 2014, the manufacturer required a formal training process for veterinarians to reduce the likelihood of injection site complications.
To learn more about Zeuterin/EsterilSol, please visit our webpage devoted to this product.
2017-18 Biennial Report Now Available
April 2019 e-Newsletter
Michelson Prize & Grants Celebrates 10th Anniversary
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10598
|
__label__cc
| 0.652626
| 0.347374
|
New Perth Social Enterprise Aims To Enable Housing Mobility
August 16, 2018 March 4, 2019 by Mike Drysdale
My guest on The Network this week grew up on a social housing estate. The estate was in an English city called Luton. A place voted the worst place to live in Britain 8 out of the last 10 years. Iain Shields left Luton at 18 to study politics and history in Leeds before getting his masters in social and cultural history. Some years later, he found his way here to Perth, where he worked as a housing services manager with CHL. Australia’s largest community housing provider. He recently moved on from that role in 2017 to form Hygge Community Life LTD. A non for profit dedicated to enabling housing mobility, reducing homelessness and tackling the housing crisis in Australia.
Hygge (pronounced Hoo-gar) is a Danish word that essentially describes the feeling of being warm and cozy. In an article by Countryliving.com they describe a Hygge-like experience: “Imagine a window seat where you can wrap yourself up in a blanket and watch the world go by or your favorite armchair where you do all of your reading.” With Hygge Community Life I imagine Iain bringing that feeling of being warm and cozy to community housing and people living hard on the street.
When asked what was at the core of him starting Hygge, Iain spoke from experience. “Lived experience of housing, homelessness, stress and poverty. I grew up as a really happy kid, but also secretly quite angry. My Mum and Dad worked really, really hard and never seemed to really get anywhere.” Studying politics and history somewhat came from a need to better understand how society functioned. Which allowed him to gain some context around his own experiences. This led to becoming fascinated by migration, something nearly his whole family had experienced at one point or another. And understanding migration as “a natural occurrence” and “a really positive thing” ended up being the catalyst that led Iain into the housing sector.
He began to realise that there was a lived passion there. He had an academic understanding, a political application and an avenue that was presenting itself to make a difference. Something Iain’s been building on now for the last ten years.
Hyger’s focus is on housing mobility. In other words, how are you able to maintain flexibility in relation to where you live, while meeting your housing needs. That could be from street to street, city to city or even country to country. Housing mobility is about speed, efficiency and effectiveness. The goal is to get more people into houses faster in a way that empowers them and gives them control over the process. I think it’s safe to say that without proper housing, even the simplest things in life become significantly harder. “Housing allows us to feel safe and secure and provides us with a foundation on which to build a good life” Says Iain.
“There’s a new generation of younger people, who don’t want to get married at 21. They don’t want to settle down in the same city. They definitely don’t want to buy a house and pay a bank half million or a million dollars at the age of 25 or 30.” Iain says it’s this changing generation that actually believe in social mobility as a real concept.
“That’s my passion. Housing is the fire in my belly, but I think social mobility as a broader concept is what I’m aiming to achieve with Hyger.” In some ways, I think Iain is the perfect example of what having secure housing can achieve. He grew up in social housing, admittedly in an area he was glad to escape at the age of 18. But it still got his family through to a certain point and kept him off the streets. A double degree and a masters later and I don’t think anyone would see Iain as a product of a bad environment. However, not everyone is lucky enough to have the family unit or home life that Iain had either.
“I’m a people driven person. I personally believe those tenants in social housing that do play up to those myths. Sometimes they’re the result of an inefficient system and inefficient social service systems that aren’t necessarily supporting them to get access to housing quickly. To keep them in a sustainable tenancy and to provide them with the right supports. Whether that be drug and alcohol, employment, refugee resettlement it could be a whole range of things.”
Speaking with Iain however, makes the solution seem clear. If we can provide places where people feel safe, have resources and a foundation for building their lives, everybody wins. Those same people can then be empowered to actually give back to society in a meaningful way.
“It’s about giving people the ability to understand who they are, where they want to live and what they want to do. Some people may go though their whole lives not knowing that, but if we empower people to do things by themselves… It doesn’t matter about their personal characteristics, their nationality, their ethnicity or their religion. I genuinely think that if you are a valued part of society, you feel like a valued citizen and others view you as that, you will contribute.”
The Housing Sector in Australia
Iain’s social housing background comes from the world of academia, studying various housing systems around the world. He’s also worked in the social housing system, as well as being a product of it himself. But after arriving in Australia three years ago, Iain was astonished at how immature the community housing sector is in Australia. As well as how little we seem to value it.
“In WA, it’s called Homes West and if you mention ‘Homes West’ to someone, they immediately jump out of their skin and say, I don’t want to live in a Homes West property”.
But is the stigma even justified?
“The majority of people are very much like the UK. They pay their rent. They’re either in employment or they’re unable to work because of a disability or because they’re aged. The idea that people have in their heads about a social housing tenant, a social housing property or a social housing tenancy is a bit of a myth.”
One of the main areas of concern that Iain observes about our housing system’s immaturity, is it’s lack of future focus.
“In terms of how it’s going to develop and grow, as well as having a strategy for how it links in with the wider housing eco system”.
The Wider Australian Housing Eco System
“When you break down Australia’s housing eco system, it has traditionally been dominated by home ownership. Particularly in WA you were sold your quarter block and it was very cheap and that was great.”
Now, due to a host of factors, the majority of Australians are living in what the UN describe as ‘housing poverty’. That means the household pays over 30% of it’s household income on housing. For the average Australian, that number is 34%. The factors include market failures, increased home ownership prices, more investor mortgages, private/ market rentals and a higher cost of living. The biggest problem however, is that wage growth has failed to keep pace with any of these factors.
Australia is very much in the middle of a housing affordability crisis with no plans and no strategy for how to tackle it. Meanwhile, politicians are critically undervaluing social housing and currently have it sat behind political vote winners like migration.
This means, that despite a 33% population growth over the last fifteen years, social housing has decreased. Going from about 4.7% of total Australian housing stock, down to just 4.3%.
Government funded services designed to curb homelessness were receiving $817 million per year between 2007-2016. Despite this, homelessness increased during that period by 14%. There are currently 116,000 people homeless every night somewhere in Australia.
Inefficiency is Fuelling The Housing Affordability Crisis
The first thing people think when somebody raises the topic of community or state housing is; ‘There’s not enough homes’. While Iain doesn’t dispute this fact, he does point out a shocking statistic in relation to this asset allocation.
“We know that 1 in 6 social housing properties around the country is under-utilised at any one point in time.” To put that into perspective, there are 433,000 of those properties around the country. Which means that upwards of 72,000 homes are vacant or have one person living in a four bedroom house at any one point in time.
In Perth specifically, we’ve gone urban sprawl mad. “We’re building up as far North as two Rocks which is an hour and a half north of the city. Or out as far as Ellenbrook which is again about an hour and twenty minutes from the city.”
Sometimes by providing someone with housing this far away from support can put an unnecessary strain on the resident. “We’re building four bedroom houses for people with mental health issues… It doesn’t necessarily meet their housing need or their social need. It doesn’t allow them to live as a valued community member and citizen. But it also costs us a lot of money in support services to try to make those things work when they’re never going to be sustainable”.
“Until we begin to put people in homes quickly in a way that meets their needs we can’t begin to understand our un-met housing need.”
Improving Housing Allocation
Imagine applying to go on a wait list, that grants you access to another wait list. For most of us the thought is so infuriating we’d write an essay length complaint about it on Facebook. But for lots of vulnerable people in Western Australia, even those facing domestic violence, it’s a reality.
“Because social housing has been seen as a valuable limited supply, we’ve created wait lists. Then we try to house people who are really urgent so we break the wait list into two wait lists. It’s the priority wait list and the general wait list.”
The one horrifying statistic that always blows Iain away? “There’s only one bed per day for someone fleeing domestic violence in Perth”.
Unfortunately these systems are set up in a way that doesn’t allow for autonomy either. “The wait list does things to people and for people, not necessarily with them or allowing people to do things for themselves”. For example, a person living with a disability may apply for social housing and have things done to their application without their involvement. They may be put onto a disability wait list, rather than a general or socially inclusive wait list. On average, that person will then wait for 7 or 8 years to secure their social housing property.
Then after 8 years of waiting, feeling disenfranchised and disempowered, a response comes. With no access to choice, option or control over their housing need, they’re given a property. “It could be in Northem with no disability services, no local shops. It doesn’t meet their need, but because they’ve been waiting for 8 years they’ll accept the property and move in.”
Responding To The Housing Crisis With Housing Mobility
Iain’s plan for housing mobility revolves around “Thinking about housing need and supply in a really different way”. The key is to think simple. Putting control in the hands of the prospect and asking the question: “How can we allow people to do things by themselves? How do we give people a centralised access point to come and say: ‘Hey I need a house. This is preferably where I’d want to live, but I’d be happy living anywhere. Don’t exclude me based on social policy framework, just connect with me and I’ll do things by myself. A bit like a realestate.com but for social housing”.
Removing the red tape and streamlining the process is the priority when it comes to housing mobility. Iain’s concerns with the housing sector seem like part of a larger pattern. One that specifically emerges when trying to achieve social outcomes. Why is it that when you or I want to move closer to the beach there’s a simple solution? We can get onto a real estate app and browse properties in the area immediately. Why then, for people who badly need a roof over their heads is the process hidden and difficult to use? It seems that in our society, whenever somebody goes from wanting something to needing something, user experience goes out the window.
Just the Start of a Larger Conversation
Imagine a world where early one evening you’re walking along and you seem a homeless person. Instead of walking by you stop and ask them if they have somewhere to stay. When they say no, you’re able to take out your phone and open an app that finds them a place to stay for the night. It could could be the Airbnb or Realestate.com of social housing. This isn’t the end of the conversation, it’s only the beginning.
Iain is currently interested in speaking to anyone who this article may have lit a fire under. If you or anyone you know wants to help enable housing mobility, please point them to this article or get in touch with Iain directly.
You can email Iain at: iain.shields@hyggecommunitylife.org.au
Tags: Business community housing housing affordability Housing Mobility Hygge Hygge Community Life Iain Shields social enterprise social housing
3 thoughts on “New Perth Social Enterprise Aims To Enable Housing Mobility”
Pingback: Today’s Positive News Stories 8/16/18 - Positivity Changes Everything! - Positive News For You
Allan 'Big Al' Connolly says:
Food, Clothing, Shelter the basic needs of human’s and we can’t even get that right, never mind the means to sustain them!
Previous Post Build A Small Business Network w/ Thomas Jreige
Next Post Social Media Content That Doesn’t Suck & Influencer Marketing
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10604
|
__label__wiki
| 0.69381
| 0.69381
|
American national socialist
Thai Girl Band BNK48 Love NAZIS
One of Thailand’s most popular pop bands has apologized, after a member wore a T-shirt with a Nazi swastika on stage during a rehearsal.
Photos of BNK48 singer Pichayapa “Namsai” Natha with the shirt went viral this weekend, causing the Israeli embassy to express “shock and dismay”. Oy Vey!!
After seeing photos of the rehearsal, Israel’s deputy ambassador to Thailand Smadar Shapira, said: “Presenting Nazi symbols by the band’s singer hurt the feelings of millions around the world, whose relatives were murdered by the Nazis.”
There was criticism of the band online, although some fans argued that they were also unaware of what Nazi symbols meant.
The band has agreed to take part in an educational workshop on the Holocaust to raise awareness, Ms Shapira said on Twitter.
on January 31, 2019 at 10:06 am Leave a Comment
Zionsville Students Give Nazi Salute
Zionsville Community High School officials are investigating after a picture posted on social media appeared to show students using a Nazi salute, Oy Vey!!
The photo, which was taken at the high school and posted to Instagram, was confirmed in an email sent to parents, staff and faculty Thursday night.
In the email, Zionsville Superintendent Scott Robison said a concerned student sent the photo to a teacher, who sent it to Robison.
Robison said the photograph is “sickening” to him and “beyond offensive to students, staff, parents, extended family members and to an inestimable number of people in the wider world.”
“Our school community’s efforts to foster cultural understanding will proceed, though they are set back mightily by this repugnant image,” Robison said in the email, Oy Vey!!
The photo shows 14 students, 10 of whom appear to be performing a Nazi salute. The photo also appears to show most of the students wearing the upper half of a soccer uniform for an indoor team called the Rumblin’ Bumblers. One student is in a Zionsville school jersey.
Fox59 reports the caption with the Instagram photo said: “Rumblin bumblers isn’t just a indoor soccer team, we are a cultural phenomenon.”
IndyStar has confirmed that the Rumblin’ Bumblers is a soccer team that played at Off The Wall Sports, an indoor soccer facility in Carmel. The team is also mentioned in the 2018 edition of the Zionsville Community High School yearbook, though it does not appear the team is directly affiliated with the school.
A Weebly website that appeared to be a page for the Rumblin’ Bumblers soccer team was taken down on Friday morning. Before it was removed, the site referenced multiple nicknames for its players. One nickname was “Judenschlau,” which means “clever Jew” in German. A second referenced an infamous hazing incident in Carmel. Another nickname was Albert Fish, an infamous child rapist, serial killer and cannibal.
Wait, what??? I am pretty sure this whole thing is staged by some “Judenschlau”
The website also used racist language and alluded to raping an opposing team. It is unclear if the website was made by the Rumblin’ Bumblers or when it was last modified.
In a photo posted to social network Google+ in 2014, a different set of students in Rumblin’ Bumblers uniforms appear in the same location within Zionsville Community High School. One appears to give a Nazi salute.
When reached for comment, Zionsville Community High School referred IndyStar to the district.
In an email at 9:43 a.m. Friday, Robison told IndyStar there is no new information to provide since his initial email to parents.
Lindsey Mintz, the executive director of the Indianapolis Jewish Community Relations Council, said though anti-Semitic incidents are starting to happen more frequently, she appreciates Zionsville Community Schools’ response to the photo so far. The organization added on Facebook that it will be working with the district.
The photo also sparked reaction from Hoosiers on social media, including state Sen. J.D. Ford, D-Indianapolis. Ford posted on Facebook that he supports Zionsville Community Schools investigating the photo, and that “hateful behavior is not tolerated in Indiana.” He added that he will continue to push for an “inclusive hate crimes bill.”
The Council on American-Islamic Relations also condemned the photo, writing on Facebook: “Incidents like this reflect a deep-seated ignorance and must be challenged through a curriculum that emphasizes diversity and exposes the painful historical significance of bigoted behavior.”
Ok, this is surely BS, and it is happening in cities across the nation. Recently in Dover New Hampshire we are to believe a school teacher has his class write a Jingle bell parody about the KKK. Right on cue the local papers front page covered the “outrageous racism” everyday for a month.
It needs to be understood that ,like mass shootings , these stories are fake, just an updated version of the swastika graffiti . Now that ((((they))) have many more actors in play you are going to be seeing this all the time until our freedom of speech is taken away and those damn Nazis (read -Whites people) have their privileges revoked.
on January 31, 2019 at 9:42 am Leave a Comment
AfD Party Chairman is ‘beaten nearly to death’
A fGerman MP has been seriously injured in a ‘politically motivated’ gang attack in the north of the country.
Frank Magnitz, who leads the Bremen-branch of the anti-immigration Alternative for Germany (AfD), was assaulted in the city centre on Monday afternoon.
The AfD party published a photo of Magnitz lying injured on a hospital bed, claiming three masked men had hit the politician ‘with a piece of wood’ and fled the scene.
Party leader Joerg Meuthen said the 66-year-old was ‘beaten almost to death’ in a ‘cowardly and sickening’ attack.
The assault on Magnitz drew condemnation from across the German political spectrum, including from Chancellor Angela Merkel.
Bremen police said they believe the attack was politically motivated and called for witnesses to the incident, which took place around 5.20pm on Monday near a theater in central Bremen.
Magnitz was beaten over the head with a not officially identified object, by at least three men wearing dark clothing and hoods or hats, who then fled, police said.
Two construction workers who were loading a car nearby found him lying on the ground and called an ambulance
‘They hit him with a piece of wood until he was unconscious and then kicked him on the ground,’ AfD said in a statement, adding that ‘today is a dark day for democracy in Germany.’
The party said Magnitz was ambushed after he left a Bremen newspaper’s new year’s reception.
‘It was clearly an attempt to murder Mr. Magnitz,’ AfD co-leader Alexander Gauland told reporters in Berlin.
‘This is the result of the ostracism and agitation AfD faces,’ he said, suggesting other parties were partly responsible for the attack because they had compared AfD to Adolf Hitler’s Nazi party.
Magnitz is associated with the extreme right of the party, including its firebrand leader in the eastern state of Thuringia, Bjoern Hoecke.
Magnitz told the dpa news agency he had been told he would need to remain hospitalized until the weekend and had little memory of the attack.
He added that while he had received threats, he hadn’t considered any of them concrete.
Chancellor Angela Merkel led cross-party condemnations of the assault, as her spokesman Steffen Seibert wrote on Twitter that the ‘brutal attack’ was ‘to be condemned sharply’.
‘Hopefully the police will succeed in catching the perpetrators quickly,’ he wrote.
AfD leader Joerg Meuthen tweeted that Magnitz was ‘beaten almost to death’ in a ‘cowardly and sickening’ attack.
Johannes Kahrs, an MP from the Social Democrats, junior partners in the ruling coalition, said ‘violence is never acceptable’ and that ‘extremism in any form is rubbish’. He wished Magnitz a quick recovery.
Cem Ozdemir of the opposition Greens party said he hoped those responsible could be ‘found and convicted soon’ and that, even against a far-right party, ‘nothing justifies violence’.
AfD is represented in all of Germany’s 16 state parliaments. It entered the national parliament in 2017 and is currently the biggest opposition party there.
The party took 10 percent of the vote in Bremen in the 2017 national election, below its nationwide result of 12.6 percent.
Bremen is not considered an AfD stronghold, unlike three states in Germany’s ex-communist east that hold regional votes in September and October.
The party claims there have been ‘hundreds’ of attacks against its officers and members since its founding in 2013.
Last week, an explosive device detonated in a rubbish bin damaged an AfD office in Saxony. Three suspects were detained.
And last weekend in Lower Saxony, the home of a local AfD politician was targeted with graffiti and a party office was attacked with a paint bomb.
Russians Hoped That Hitler Would Free Them
Orthodox cross procession in Northwest Russia, 1942. The Germans opened the churches closed by the Bolsheviks and were well received by a religious peasantry.
To put it briefly: Ethnic Russians were much less loyal to the Soviet regime in their encounters with the German occupiers than historians have believed up to now.
This is the story told by UiO researcher Johannes Due Enstad, who has recently published a book about the German occupation of Northwest Russia during World War 2.
After World War II the Soviet Union created a grandiose history of how all the inhabitants of the Soviet Union were loyal to the regime and formed a common front against the Germans in the “Great Patriotic War”.
It has been common knowledge for a long time that this is an untrue story, because many Baltic and Ukrainian people despised the Bolshevik regime. At the same time, western historians have largely agreed that the ethnic Russians were loyal to the Stalin regime when the Germans invaded the Soviet Union in 1941.
According to Enstad, who is a post-doc at the Department of Literature, Area Studies and European Languages at the University of Oslo, it is time to crack this myth apart. In a book recently published by the academic publishers Cambridge University Press, he addresses which side the people of Northwest Russia chose during the German occupation.
“This area can, in both historical and geographical terms, be seen as a Russian core area and has been part of the Soviet state since the revolution. Nevertheless people – especially the peasants in the countryside, who accounted for 90% of the population – were much less loyal to the regime and the Soviet state than has been thought,” explains Enstad.
Gave Christmas gifts to the occupiers
Something that happened in December 1941, six months after the start of the German occupation, illustrates the positive reaction quite well. During that time people from some of the small villages collected several thousand woollen socks, mittens and felt boots as Christmas gifts for the German soldiers.
Inside one of the socks there was a note signed by a Russian by the name of Mikhail Nikiforov:
“I am sending these socks as a gift to the invincible German army and pray that you defeat the Bolsheviks so that they are eradicated forever, and also for a quick victory and a safe journey home”.
“This is just one of a number of similar sources expressing a hope that the Germans would defeat the Soviet regime and contribute to a better life for the Russians,” Enstad explains and adds:
“At the same time we can note that the Germans were wished a safe journey home. No-one wanted them to stay and take over the country. This shows there was some patriotism here, but this was primarily linked to the Russian fatherland and not the Soviet regime.”
“Adolf Hitler the liberator”
But why did so many Russians show such a benevolent attitude towards the occupation force?
“Stalin had failed to generate a strong bond of faith between the Russian peasants and the regime. On the contrary, he was much hated by many peasants who had seen their lives go from bad to worse because of the collective farming the regime had implemented with great brutality,” Enstad explains.
A source from the book puts it like this:
“My forefathers were prosperous farmers; the Bolsheviks made them into slaves and beggars”.
From 1929 onwards, the farmers were forced into collective farms – kolkhozes – often under slave-like conditions. Kulaks – affluent farmers – should be eliminated as a social class, according to Stalinist ideology.
This policy also hit hard in Northwest Russia. During the period 1930-1933, there were more than 125,000 farmers in the area who lost their citizenship rights, were deported to Siberia or were simply shot. The policy also led to a disaster for the harvests; there were famines in 1936-1937 and during the winter of 1940.
I 1937-1938 the “Great Terror” arrived, where Stalin, in an unbelievably brutal fashion, acted to get rid of all who might be thought of or imagined as opponents of the regime.
Given such a backdrop, it is possible to understand why so many Russians put their trust in the Germans. One good example is a letter written to “Der Führer” by the inhabitants of three small villages in the autumn of 1941:
“We give our most sincere thanks for liberating us from Stalin’s lackeys and collective farms. On the 10th of July the German Armed Forces – your Wehrmacht – freed us from the yoke of the dammed communists, the political leaders and the Stalinist government. […] We will fight against the communists together with your troops. We give thanks to the German Army for our liberty […] and ask that this message is delivered to our liberator Adolf Hitler.”
Dissolved the collective farms
When the Red Army and the party apparatus fled from Northwest Russia, the farmers claimed their rights and dissolved the collective farms. Further south, in the fertile black earth region, the Germans maintained the collectives, so as to stay in control of the rich crops. In the North West region, where the earth was less fertile, they accepted the dissolution and introduced a “semi-private” agriculture.
According to Enstad, this German agricultural policy was the main reason why the positive attitude to the occupants lasted as long as it did.
During the winter of 1941-1942, there was famine in a number of areas close to the front line and the population of Leningrad suffered greatly. However, behind the front line – and especially in the countryside – it is believed that a large part of the population had better access to food than was the case prior to the German invasion.
“This was due to the private farms being more efficient and the fact that it was difficult for the Germans to control the agricultural production in detail. It was easier for the farmers to hide part of the crops than it had been earlier”, says Enstad.
A Russian journalist, who travelled in the occupied areas, expressed it like this:
“Compared to the ‘government for the workers and the farmers’, the Germans were simply dilettantes when it came to the art of plundering the countryside”.
“Many sources interviewed after the war tell us that, in a material sense too, they were better off during the German occupation than during the years after the Germans were chased into retreat,” says Enstad.
Russian Orthodox renaissance
Another reason for the relative popularity of the occupiers was their policy on religion. They re-opened the churches the Soviet regime had closed, something which caused something close to a religious renaissance for the Russian Orthodox church and a real revival movement in parts of the occupied areas.
“This shows that the Stalinist oppression of the church in no way managed to break the religiousness in the peasant populations. The Russian Orthodox faith was still a completely central part of their identity,” Enstad explains.
He says that many priests openly supported the occupants and prayed for a German victory in their sermons.
“At the same time this acted as a double-edged sword for the Germans. Opening the churches led to increasing Russian nationalism and a growing feeling that the Russians should not live under the rule of strangers,” he says.
Rich source material
Enstad’s sources are in the main first-hand sources collected from German and Russian state archives.
“These were reports by the German military units responsible for the occupied areas and intelligence from Russian partisans operating behind the German lines,” explains the researcher.
German and Russian reports gave a totally opposite picture of the mood of the population, however, in Enstad’s opinion, there are good reasons to believe that the German sources were closer to the truth.
“The Germans reported in a Prussian, matter of fact style, being open about both progress and setbacks. The partisans, however, reported using an idealised image of what was desired, exaggerated the number of Germans killed and generally expressed what they knew Moscow wanted to hear – that all Soviet citizens were loyal to the state.
Enstad also used diaries, memoirs and interviews, conducted after the war, with people who experienced the German occupation of Northwest Russia. These sources also show that the Germans were given a much warmer welcome than both Soviet propaganda and western historians have claimed.
Changing mood in autumn 1943
With what we now know about the Nazi view of the Russians as Slavic “subhumans” and about the plans to use Eastern Europe as “Lebensraum” – living space – for the German thousand-year Reich, the Russian reactions to the invasion may appear to be naive.
However, Enstad emphasises that they did not know then what we know today. And even if many got to hear about atrocities like the murder of Jews, gypsies and the mentally ill, there were also many who just brushed the stories of German brutality aside as Bolshevik propaganda. Russians were used to being fed information that they could not trust from the Soviet state.
For Russians who were living under an unspoken but constant threat of being deported to Siberia for having done something that could be interpreted as opposition to the regime, the risk of being coerced into slavery by the Germans was in reality not anything new.
But little by little, many realised that Hitler was not much better than Stalin. A particularly deep impression was provided by the inhuman treatment of Russian prisoners of war: tens of thousands starved to death in prison camps in Northwest Russia during the first months of 1942.
“Nevertheless there was no marked change in the Russians’ view of the occupiers until the autumn of 1943, when it became more and more clear that a German retreat was coming. There was then a marked increase in the passive and active opposition to the occupiers”, says Enstad.
He is of the opinion that when people live in an area where two warring factions are fighting for mastery, it is natural to adapt to the one that is in power at any given time – and avoid confrontation as far as is humanly possible.
“Even so, this ‘calculated pragmatism’ cannot fully explain the positive reception the Germans received from large parts of the population in occupied Northwest Russia. This was first and foremost due to the great discontent with the Stalin regime and the peasants were hoping that the Germans would remove the Bolsheviks from power,” says Enstad.
We three Were like Brothers
grown up in the same small place
and when the big war came
he tore us away
as a volunteer on the oftfront
we swore solemnly
never to separate us in need and danger
helmut, willhelm and me
and then the day da helmut died
somewhere in deep russia
The wooden cross was only a few days
His grave is unknown today
he was so tired from the long march
through the cold winter night
set under a tree and fell asleep
never woke up again
helmut and willhelm, can you hear me?
only for you i sing this song
I hope you are in one place now
where there are no tears
and no hunger and no pain
no cold, no hostiles
for a place at the table of the heroes
at the big army
and then it met willhelm
a bullet tore his leg
I still hear him in the night
crying for his mother
she appeared to him in feverish delusion
stroked his hair for the last time
she never knew
how terribly long his death was
Now I'm sitting here as an old man
a long time
and I hope you can hear me
if I still have a wish free
then I wished
I would have fallen with you then
and not so lonely here now
French “Holocaust Denier” Jailed For “Anti-Semitic” Comments
By John Friend
Alain Soral, a right-wing French political dissident, was recently sentenced to one year in jail for “insulting a judge” and making “anti-Semitic” comments on his own personal website, underscoring once again the threat the organized Jewish community and their lackeys pose to the traditional Western concepts of free speech and thought.
The Jewish Telegraph Agency reports:
A French court sentenced far-right Holocaust denier Alain Soral to one year in prison for insulting a judge and making anti-Semitic comments on Soral’s website.
On the site, which is called “Equality and Reconciliation,” Soral wrote that Jews “are manipulative, domineering and hateful,” the French news agency AFP reported from Thursday’s sentencing at the Correctional Tribunal of Bobigny just northeast of Paris.
Soral, 60, has been convicted multiple times of incitement to hatred due to his anti-Semitic comments over the years. His previous conviction was in December in a defamation case. The Paris Court of Appeal slapped him with a $4,500 fine for producing and selling on his website a poster targeting Jews.
“We will continue to prosecute Mr. Soral as long as he makes anti-Jewish remarks,” said attorney Ilana Soskin, representing the International League Against Racism and Anti-Semitism, which brought the latest complaint against Soral.
To be honest, I’m not too familiar with Soral or his views, largely because I do not speak or read French. I do know he is often associated with Dieudonné M’bala M’bala, an Afro-French “anti-Semitic” comedian and political dissident that has also been demonized and targeted by the organized Jewish community. I have written about the persecution of Dieudonné the past:
Once again we see the organized Jewish community demanding political correctness and obedient, slavish acceptance of their false, artificially manufactured version of WWII, as if the people of France are incapable of thinking for themselves.
This is typical Jewish behavior: the Jews are always behind tyrannical anti-free speech, anti-free thought measures. The Jews have managed to enact “Holocaust denial” and “anti-racism” (read: anti-White) laws in numerous European countries, literally criminalizing independent thought and political expression – particularly for White European peoples.
Whatever it is Soral recently wrote and said, it clearly has the organized Jewish community in France – and I’m sure around the world – typically howling and screeching for censorship, punishment, and revenge. How dare a Frenchman question the Jews and their anti-White, highly weaponized historical and contemporary narratives in 2019!
Tragically, we’ve seen one White dissident after another be targeted and persecuted by the Jews and their puppets for simply expressing their political and historical views. Soral is facing a jail sentence, similar to the heroic dissidents across the West that have been persecuted in recent years: Ursula Haverbeck, Monika and Alfred Schaefer, Alison Chabloz, Sylvia Stolz, and many, many others.
In the US, countless Alt Right activists and other pro-White figures have been tyrannically persecuted by local, state, and federal prosecutors simply for engaging in legitimate exercises of free speech. The oppressive legal actions taken against these and no doubt countless other pro-White, “anti-Semitic” dissidents are almost exclusively the result of Jewish ethnic organizing and lobbying efforts.
Subscribe to The Realist Report today, and support pro-White independent media!
Adolf Hitler on National Socialism and World Relations in 1937
Hitler delivered an important speech in the German Reichstag on January 30, 1937 as Führer and Chancellor. It was published under the title “On National Socialism and World Relations.”
READ PDF on national socialism
Some passages from the text-
“The main plank in the National Socialist program is to abolish the liberal concept of the individual and the Marxist concept of humanity and to substitute therefore the folk community, rooted in the soil and bound together by the bond of its common blood. A very simple statement; but it involves a principle that has tremendous consequences.”
“[…] of all the tasks which we have to face, the noblest and most sacred for mankind is that each racial species must preserve the purity of the blood which God has given it.”
“…one error that cannot be remedied once men have made it … failure to recognize the importance of conserving the blood and the race free from intermixture …
It is not for men to discuss the question of why Providence created different races, but rather to recognize the fact that it punishes those who disregard its work of creation.”
“It will prevent the Jewish people from intruding themselves among all the other nations as elements of internal disruption, under the mask of honest world citizens, and thus gaining power over these nations.”
“The people—the race—is the primary thing. Party, State, Army, the national economic structure, Justice, etc, all these are only secondary and accidental. They are only the means to the end and the end is the preservation of this nation.”
“It is absolutely necessary that this principle should be practically recognized; for that is the only way in which men can be saved from becoming the victims of a devitalized set of dogmas in a matter where dogmas are entirely out of place.”
“For the folk-community does not exist on the fictitious value of money but on the results of productive labor, which is what gives money its value.
“This production, and not a bank or gold reserve, is the first cover for a currency. And if I increase production, I increase the real income of my fellow-citizens. And if I reduce production, I reduce that income, no matter what wages are paid out.”
“The whole body of our German education, including the press, the theater, the cinema and literature, is being controlled and shaped today by men and women of our own race. Some time ago one often heard it said that if Jewry were expelled from these institutions they would collapse or become deserted. And now what has happened? In all those branches cultural and artistic activities are flourishing. Our films are better than ever before and our theatrical productions today in our leading theaters stand supreme and alone in comparison with the rest of the world. Our press has become a powerful instrument to help our people in bringing their innate faculties to self-expression and assertion, and by so doing it strengthens the nation. German science is active and is producing results which will one day bear testimony to the creative and constructive will of this epoch.”
“I should like to state that, complete German sovereignty and equality having now been restored, Germany will never sign a treaty which is in any way incompatible with her honor; with the honor of the nation and of the Government which represents it; or which otherwise is incompatible with Germany’s vital interest and therefore in the long run cannot be kept.
I believe that this statement will be understood by all.”
Be More than Appear
Source: SS Leitheft, Year 8, Issue 7, Christmas 1942
A Word about Our World-View Style
We deem it a good sign that the enemy scatters leaflets over air-threatened regions that are directed against the Waffen-SS. The opponent has always jabbed where he presumes the strongest clamps of the Reich idea, and we consider it an honor to be viewed as the most passionate representatives of an uncompromising and clear National Socialist line. After all, no one has in seriousness come up with the idea that over there in the east the fight is about the greater honor and expansion of any religious institution. Everybody knows the Waffen-SS is deployed at the foremost front precisely because there Germandom defends Europe’s culture ground and with the military victory the decision will also be made over Europe’s reconstruction and rejuvenation from the Germanic world-view.
Clarity and Responsibility
This consciousness, however, includes a high responsibility. Whatever groups or individuals in our folk may have serious thoughts about the world-view or religious rejuvenation, they do not bear the leadership and the responsibility for the employment of the spiritual weapons, rather the Führer and the movement’s leading men. The SS, as the order of German men sworn to the Führer, shares a substantial portion of this responsibility and is proud to be recognized by friend and foe as the bearer of a clear political and ideological line.
The German claim to Europe’s leadership has as a prerequisite a complete clarity of world-view thought. We are aware that a folk cannot be really led by divided and unclear men, rather only by uncompromisingly clear thinking, courageous and at the same time real-politically acting men. No one may surpass us in clarity and goal-orientation of will, and if anybody may confuse an occasional restraint with inner insecurity, then he makes the same mistake that part of the German public once made in complete underestimation of the real power relationships of the movement.
The Soldierly Style
The style of our world-view is first and foremost determined by Prussian-German soldierdom. It is disciplined, simple, clear and simply not transferrable to people who are not deeply serious by what they say. Our world-view is above all not lofty. The soldier like the political soldier of the movement experiences danger with open eyes. His senses are sharpened. He does not speak of his deeds. When necessary, he suffers death without word and without complaint. His inner relationship to the creator of all things is simple and clear – and requires no intermediary. From him he receives life, and he gives his life back into his great order. He knows no one will help him, not even God, if he does not fight his own way out of distress and death. The German trust relationship between man and God has always remained the same through the centuries despite clouding through alien motifs of reverence and fear and shines bright and clear especially in difficult moments. That makes the German man so calm, so fearless and so unconcerned. The soldierly virtues are the main part of our world-view. Who has not passed through the school of the movement and of the army, through this self-evident fulfillment of duty, discipline and hardness against himself, is not authorized to take spiritual responsibility for our folk. There are no moral norms without deep, faith-based background. An army that without clear world-view just outwardly affirms these norms could at best present a well-drilled troop, which must however fail in a modem war where clarity and independence are demanded.
A second thing is hence decided: The relationship of the German to his Lord God has its main point in the spiritual and not in external forms. That is very decisive for the whole spiritual work within the SS, for our communal hours and especially for our celebrations. One should not forget that the great Germanic protest that arose from the ground of Central Europe against the church came not in the least from the different kind of Nordic style-feeling, which rejects any cult that is not the expression of a simple and natural religiosity. The protest has to rise again, if somewhere in the movement unclear men unburdened with responsibility would attempt to shift the emphasis in the sense of what was once overcome for always. The life of the Germanic man in his creative world, in his family and his folk, is so full of deep relationships that it requires no spiritual compulsion and no magic to peel out the simple religious core of his world-view.
A Good Core in a Rough Shell
It is a fundamental mistake to believe that the soldierly bearing, which in contrast to other European folks has a downright mythical significance in our folk, is not compatible with inner fineness and sensitivity, which are necessary for the faith- related leadership of our folk. In the Prussiandom of Frederick the Great the harshness and dryness of the external form entered into a downright unique connection with the inner richness and musicality of the German soul. One should read the letters and essays of Prussian statesmen and soldiers in order to recognize what loftiness and what fine feeling can hide behind a harsh and bare eternal form. On Germanic soil the final inner things downright require a certain covering through external reserve and sparseness of expression. German man cannot daily hawk his most valuable possession. Precisely in this sphere the slogan is true: “Be more than appear.” He knows that which one may designate chastity toward religious things. The less he speaks of it, the more they determine his action. One should not deceive himself; this external reserve has nothing to do with artistic emptiness. On the contrary: The intellectual and artistic history of our folk has given evidence of that inexhaustible richness that slumbers in Europe’s most soldierly nation and has again and again become the source of rejuvenation of other folks.
The inside, that so closes off itself, does not age so easily. An eternal youthfulness, light and clarity shine out to us from our folk’s history. It enables ever new resurrection after the most difficult catastrophes. What is presented to us as hardness and bareness is in reality the eternal youthful strength of a folk that surrounds itself with a rough and hard shell, through which dew-fresh, green twigs and leaves break again and again.
Cleanliness and Self-Criticism
Fundamentally, no kind of fantasy world is compatible with the purity and cleanliness of this bearing. Our time is too serious and too hard for us to again revive long overcome mistakes. Many so-called faith-teachings of the present have failed because they jumbled up fantastic, utopian images and scientific knowledge. Primitiveness of thought is no proof for religious and world-view leadership. Primitiveness should also not be confused with naturalness and with a thinking that is directed by natural instincts. For our scientific work is an indispensable component of the cleanliness and clarity of spiritual bearing. We affirm scientific knowledge and see no other way that with our senses and the categories of our thought to penetrate ever deeper into nature. Whoever denies this Faustian drive of German man is a romantic or Utopist and is filled with deep mistrust of the created world, to which our senses and our knowing also belong. We are, however, of the view that every fertile work stems from the belief in a natural world order, confirms it with its knowledge and again flows into it.
That is the light, courageous and disciplined spirit with which we approach the research of the Germanic roots of our folk. May it determine the style of our political and religious life.
Wilhelm Gschwend
Jakiw Palij Dies at 95 In German Custody
The Ruthenian from Galicia, Jakiw Palij, whom had lost his homeland when the German Army had lost World War II, and had come to The United States on a special visa established for people suffering from this devastating consequence of war, died yesterday.
In 2002, the Department of Justice moved to deport him after repeated pressure from Jewish groups and the protracted legal battle which ensued came to a close in September when he was removed from his home by force and flown to Germany, which had no legal right to accept him as he is neither German , nor had broken any German laws. Yesterday, in Ahlen, this kind old man met his end, and the Tulmudic press from around the western world celebrate it with this kind of predictable hatred.
“It’s the closure survivors of the Holocaust needed,” said former Assemblyman Dov Hikind. “It also goes to show that our efforts in seeking justice were not in vain, and reinforces our commitment to ridding the world of any last vestige of Nazism regardless of where it may exist. He certainly did not deserve to die on blessed American soil, but rather in a country closer to where he committed his abhorrent crimes.”
I ask you to light a candle for Jakiw Palij and pray that he now has the peace he was deprived for so many years .
For more information on his life and and the hardship he endured paste his name into the American National Socialist search bar.
RSS 2.0Comments RSS 2.0
|
cc/2019-30/en_head_0021.json.gz/line10605
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.