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Home / Washington Watch / WASHINGTON WATCH: How Will The Sequester Impact Minorities? (VIDEO)
WASHINGTON WATCH: How Will The Sequester Impact Minorities? (VIDEO)
By Roland Martin Reports on March 4, 2013
Billions of dollars in cuts to vital programs went into effect on Friday because of the sequester. We were told that would never happen, but it did.
There’s no group of people who will feel the impact more than people of color. For example, cuts to long-term unemployment disproportionately affect African-American. Cuts to low-income housing, again, disproportionately affects us and others. Healthcare — you get the picture.
Dr. Brian Smedley, VP of the Health Policy Institute at the Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies; and Ohio rep Marcia Fudge, also chair of the Congressional Black Caucus joined Roland Martin on the set of Washington Watch to discuss how the sequester will impact minorities.
MR. MARTIN: Welcome back.
There’s no group of people who will feel the impact more than people of color. For example, cuts to long-term unemployment disproportionately [affect] African-American. Cuts to low-income housing, again, disproportionately [affects] us and others. Healthcare – you get the picture.
Here to talk about that is Dr. Brian Smedley, VP of the Health Policy Institute at the Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies; and Ohio rep Marcia Fudge, also chair of the Congressional Black Caucus.
It’s been amazing, the sequester talk. Everybody kept saying, “Okay. It’s not gonna happen, so we’ll go ahead and do it.” “The Super Committee – they’ll figure it out.”
And then we finally get to the point where, okay, it actually comes [in]to play.
Critics say, “Look. This is no big deal. We’re actually complaining about cutting 1 percent of the budget. Seriously, it’s not going to hurt folks.”
DR. BRIAN SMEDLEY: I don’t want to be hyperbolic, but this is a very significant challenge. Here’s the issue. We’ve got a serious health crisis in many of our communities. Many people of color have poorer health relative to national averages. A lot of these cuts are going to put people at risk for even poorer health. It’s going to increase healthcare costs.
The issue is we either pay now, make these investments now to keep a healthier, safer population; or, we’re going to pay much more, later.
REP. FUDGE: But the other thing is, Roland, when you look at – and you said it up top. The first people who’re going to feel the effects of this are those who’re unemployed – primarily, us. A 10 percent cut to unemployment insurance – that’s the first thing they’re going to see.
But when you start to talk about cutting Head Start, we’re already having problems with our children going to school prepared. We’re already having problems competing with other people around the globe. So, we’re going to cut Head Start.
Then when we start talking about cutting Title I, funds for low-income, at-risk students [are] going to be cut. And when you start to cut those funds, then you’re cutting teachers. You’re cutting people in other public-sector jobs, and when you cut that much money — $85 billion – out of our government spending in a seven-month period, it’s going to put this whole country into recession.
So, all of these people who think it’s not going to affect them – wait until the recession hits.
MR. MARTIN: So, you’re dealing with a $16 trillion deficit, and then you have folks on both sides who say, “We’ve got to figure out this deficit.”
REP. FUDGE: Right.
MR. MARTIN: Your fiscal conservatives say, “Look, you’re going to have to cut something. You simply can’t just keep spending.” And so how do you then go about it to where it’s not adversely impacting one group, and actually you have shared pain?
DR. SMEDLEY: The issue is making smart cuts. Everybody agrees we’ve got to reduce the deficit. There’s a huge issue in terms of where we spend[?] this –
MR. MARTIN: So, how would you define “smart cuts”?
DR. SMEDLEY: — well, I will tell you what I would not cut. I wouldn’t cut investments in people. People are our greatest resource, and one of the –
MR. MARTIN: Okay.
DR. SMEDLEY: — principal issues of Simpson-Bowles was to ensure that we don’t increase income inequality and burden those that are already vulnerable, particularly the poor. So, we[’ve] got to be concerned about how this kind of meat-cleaver approach increases risk for already vulnerable populations. These are not the places to make those cuts.
REP. FUDGE: And let me just say a couple things.
Now, everybody knows I’m a very liberal person. I think I’m number 19 on the list; they know I’m very socially liberal. But I am a fiscal conservative. Having been the mayor of a city, I was required to balance budgets. I understand how it’s done, but the first thing you do is prioritize. You don’t just say, “Let’s just cut everything across the board.” You decide what is important, and to do that, you have to talk to one another.
I think that once we can determine where we need to cut – and I’m a firm believer that we do need to cut defense. There is no doubt in my mind. From the time of 9-11, we have tripled, almost, the spending on military; and I do think there need to be some cuts. Do there need to be some cuts in some other programs? Yes, but we have to do it in a way that makes some sense and not just take a meat axe to something that really needs a scalpel.
MR. MARTIN: You looked at members of Congress going home. In the past –
REP. FUDGE: Being sent home.
MR. MARTIN: — couple of –
REP. FUDGE: Let me be clear.
MR. MARTIN: — in the past couple of weeks. We had recess. [There’ve] been all kind[s] of other things along those lines. Is this one of those situations where the President should grab Boehner, Cantor, McConnell, Pelosi, Reid and say, “First of all, I’m going to call Congress into session and keep you in session, and I’m going to drag all of y’all down to Camp David, and we’re going to sit here and figure this thing out”?
Because if you keep coming back to this – if it’s debt ceiling in three weeks, then if it’s something else, this is going to simply be sort of like “Groundhog Day,” replaying itself out over and over and over again.
REP. FUDGE: Let me just make –
MR. MARTIN: How do you solve it?
REP. FUDGE: — one of the things that has to happen – and the American people don’t understand this. The majority controls the House floor, so Republicans have sent us home the last two or three weeks without doing anything. The only thing that has been work-, at least, -related that I would say is us passing VAWA last week, which I thought was outstanding.
MR. MARTIN: The Violence Against Women Act.
REP. FUDGE: The Violence –
MR. MARTIN: Yes.
REP. FUDGE: — Against Women Act. But we had last week two motions to adjourn – by the Republican majority – which we voted against. To adjourn – to send us home early. We had one early in the week, one later in the week.
They don’t want to do any work, Roland. They want the cuts to happen, because they think it hurts us. They really think it’s going to hurt the President. We have decided to put politics over people. We’ve decided to play this game with the President – this game of chicken with the President – and hurt the people that we are all elected and sworn to serve.
So, I think that the only thing that can happen is what you suggested. The President – and it’s my understanding that those meetings are going to be ongoing. A little late, in my opinion, but you[’ve] got to get them all in a room and –
MR. MARTIN: Right.
REP. FUDGE: — sit them down and talk to them.
MR. MARTIN: And I don’t mean have a meeting at the White House. I’m talking about literally say – look, if it worked with Carter and the Israelis – with Egypt and Israel, I would think –
REP. FUDGE: Yeah.
MR. MARTIN: — the exact, same thing can happen when it comes to Congress – because, Brian, [at] the end of the day, this requires leadership. And it requires not press releases, not news conference[s], not speeches. It requires sitting the people around the table and say[ing], “We are not leaving Camp David. We are not leaving here until we solve this” – because we can’t talk about immigration. We can’t talk about infrastructure. We can’t talk about jobs. All the other things that we need to deal with – gun violence as well – everything right now is all based upon sequestration.
DR. SMEDLEY: That’s right. And to add to what the Congresswoman said, we’ve got to have some straight talk on facts here. These cuts hurt everybody –
REP. FUDGE: That’s right.
DR. SMEDLEY: — ultimately; because if you, for example, make folk who are the most vulnerable at risk for further bad outcomes – bad outcomes in terms of health, well-being, educational status – it hurts all of us because, at the end of the day, we all pay for that kind of inequality.
MR. MARTIN: Well, we’ll see what happens; and, hopefully, we’ll have some leadership across the board – because when people start feeling pain, maybe the people also will start making their voice heard a lot more loud[ly] [than] they have been thus far.
REP. FUDGE: We have to, Roland, because people are starting to believe that this is no big deal.
REP. FUDGE: They’re thinking that this is all kind of smoke and mirrors. This is a big deal, and people [had] better wake up and pay attention.
MR. MARTIN: All right, Congresswoman, Brian, we certainly appreciate it. Thanks a lot.
REP. FUDGE: Thank you!
DR. SMEDLEY: Thank you.
MR. MARTIN: All right, folks.
REP. FUDGE: Thank you.
Related ItemsAfrican-AmericansBudget CutsDr. Brian SmedleyFiscal CliffPoliticsRep. Marcia FudgeRoland S. MartinSequesterSpending CutsTV OneWashington Watch
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Quote from Judge Diane Schwerm Sykes,
The Illinois eavesdropping statute restricts a medium of expression commonly used for the preservation and communication of information and ideas, thus triggering First Amendment scrutiny. Illinois has criminalized the nonconsensual recording of most any oral communication, including recordings of public officials doing the public’s business in public and regardless of whether the recording is open or surreptitious. Defending the broad sweep of this statute, the State’s Attorney relies on the government’s interest in protecting conversational privacy, but that interest is not implicated when police officers are performing their duties in public places and engaging in public communications audible to persons who witness the events. Even under the more lenient intermediate standard of scrutiny applicable to content-neutral burdens on speech, this application of the statute very likely flunks. The Illinois eavesdropping statute restricts far more speech than necessary to protect legitimate privacy interests; as applied to the facts alleged here, it likely violates the First Amendment’s free-speech and free-press guarantees.
Judge Diane Schwerm Sykes (more quotes by Judge Diane Schwerm Sykes or books by/about Judge Diane Schwerm Sykes)
(1957-) Federal judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit, former Justice of the Wisconsin Supreme Court
in the ruling for the U.S Court of Appeals for the 7th Circuit, ALCU of Illinois v. Anita Alvarez (2012)
http://www.aclu-il.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/Alvarez_ruling.pdf
http://www.aclu-il.org/aclu-v-alvarez22/
Constitution, Individual Rights, Law, Media, Press, Speech
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The human cost of insulin in America
This is the list of what Laura Marston has sacrificed to keep herself alive: Her car, her furniture, her apartment, her retirement fund, her dog.
At 36 years old, she has already sold all of her possessions twice to afford the insulin her body needs every day.
Insulin is not like other drugs. It’s a natural hormone that controls our blood sugar levels – too high causes vision loss, confusion, nausea, and eventually, organ failure; too low leads to heart irregularities, mood swings, seizures, loss of consciousness.
For most of us, our bodies produce insulin naturally. But for Type 1 (T1) diabetics like Ms Marston, insulin comes in clear glass vials, handed over the pharmacy counter each month – if they can afford it.
One vial of the insulin Ms Marston uses now costs $275 (£210) without health insurance.
In 1923, the inventors of insulin sold its patent for $1, hoping the low price would keep the essential treatment available to everyone who needed it.
Now, retail prices in the US are around the $300 range for all insulins from the three major brands that control the market.
Even accounting for inflation, that’s a price increase of over 1,000%.
Stories of Americans rationing insulin – and dying for it – have been making national headlines.
The most famous case, perhaps, was 26-year-old Alec Smith, who died in 2017 less than a month after he aged out of his mother’s health insurance plan. Despite working full-time making more than minimum wage, he could not afford to buy new insurance or pay the $1,000 a month for insulin without it.
Alec Smith’s mother holds a vial of her son’s ashes during a protest against the high price of insulin outside Sanofi’s offices in Massachusetts
Ms Marston knows the feeling – like most of the diabetics I spoke to, she has experienced frightening lapses in coverage through no fault of her own.
A few years ago, when the small law firm Ms Marston worked for abruptly closed, she found herself without an income and suddenly uninsured.
“I was spending $2,880 a month just to keep myself alive – that was more than I was making even working 50 hours a week,” says Ms Marston.
She was forced to leave her home in Richmond, Virginia, to find a new job in Washington DC to ensure she could pay for insulin.
“I sold everything, including my car, and had to give up my dog – he was eight and I had to give him away – and move to DC.”
There are any number of reasons why someone might still be uninsured in America – if they don’t qualify for employer-sponsored insurance or lose their job like Ms Marston had, for example, or if they cannot afford to pay for a plan on their own.
Laura Marston
“I’m not sure I’ll ever get over the pain of having to choose my life over our life together,” Ms Marston says of her dog, Nicky
Ms Marston was diagnosed with T1 diabetes when she was 14. She laughs when recalls how the price of insulin in 1996 – $25 for one vial – was a shock to her.
Two decades later, Ms Marston still uses the same formula of insulin – Eli Lilly’s Humalog. Even the packaging is the same.
“Nothing about it has changed, except the price has gone up from $21 a vial to $275 a vial.”
It’s the same story for Sanofi’s Apidra and Novo Nordisk’s Novolog.
So who’s to blame?
Most patients point the finger at the pharmaceutical companies, who in turn bring up problems with government regulations and insurance providers.
At the heart of the issue is the complex mystery around who pays what for insulin in the US.
There are five terms essential to this discussion – list price, net price, rebates, co-payments and deductibles.
List price is set by a pharmaceutical company, and in many cases is what uninsured diabetics pay
Net price is the actual profit the company receives for a drug
Rebates are discounts on drugs negotiated for insurance companies
Co-payments are what an insured person pays for a prescription, out-of-pocket
Deductibles, which can be as high as $10,000, are what insurance policies say must be paid before the insurer picks up the rest
Insurance companies enlist third-party negotiators, called pharmacy benefit managers, to fix discounts with drug manufacturers that in turn result in smaller co-payment prices for their users. Experts say part of the system’s problem is a lack of transparency around how these rebates are negotiated and how much actually makes its way to patients.
This system also means that insurers end up with different rates for each drug company, so a brand of insulin that has a minimal co-pay under one insurance could cost the full list price under another.
Ms Marston has been tracking insulin list prices for years. By her calculations, for insulin alone, she’ll need close to $7m to live until she’s 70 if she pays out of pocket.
“It’s led to a situation where I decided I couldn’t have kids because I don’t feel financially stable enough,” Ms Marston says.
But drug manufacturers argue that very few people ever face paying list price.
Eli Lilly said in a statement to the BBC that 95% of people using Humalog in the US pay under $100 a month for their prescription, and that of the 600,000 using Humalog, “about 1,600 people without insurance have not utilised the [assistance] benefits we offer”.
Novo Nordisk and Sanofi detailed similar patient assistance programmes in their statements. And several diabetics I spoke to did say that these programmes helped them- if they qualified.
But another advocate, Kristen Daniels, says she was faced with a $2,400 price tag for one month of insulin and because she was technically insured, she couldn’t get assistance.
“I called my insurance, I called the manufacturer, and no one could help me because I hadn’t reached my deductible,” Ms Daniels says.
Pharmaceutical companies have also emphasised that rising list prices did not result in commensurate profits. Eli Lilly’s spokesman says their net price has actually gone down in the last five years; Sanofi’s said their insulin profits are 25% lower in 2019 than 2012.
According to a report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the University of Southern California Center for Health Policy and Economics, between 2007 and 2016, major brand insulin list prices have increased by 252%, while net prices saw less growth at 57%.
And there are cheaper options in the US for some: WalMart insulin, for example, is a re-branded version of a Novo Nordisk formula which retails for around $25 per vial in most states. But the formula is older, less effective, and some, like Ms Marston, are allergic to it.
This is another key issue in the debate around skyrocketing insulin prices. Each formula works differently for each individual. It takes many T1 patients years to feel comfortable managing their dosing with a particular brand.
Several diabetics I spoke to say they have been forced to switch insulins by their insurance plans – even against the recommendation of their physicians – if they wanted to avoid paying the list price for their preferred brand.
The ADA says this “non-medical switching” is more than an inconvenience – it’s potentially dangerous, requiring constant monitoring on the patient’s part and consultations with a physician.
Serious or permanent complications like blindness or kidney disease can arise if a diabetic is put through too many extreme sugar highs and lows.
In America, where insurance coverage goes hand-in-hand with employment and options are limited, many T1 diabetics make sacrifices in other parts of their lives to keep affording insulin – whether that’s staying with a stressful job or switching insulin formulas at the behest of an insurer.
The expression that comes up again and again in the US T1 community is: “We’re hostages”.
How does the UK compare?
T1 International is a non-profit advocating for affordable, accessible diabetes care worldwide. Founder Elizabeth Rowley is an American who now lives in the UK.
As a T1 diabetic herself, Ms Rowley has first-hand experience navigating both health systems. She describes the US system as “convoluted”, with profits happening at all levels in between.
“People spend most of their life in fear of losing their insurance, of running out of insulin and the cost going up, or of having to stay in terrible jobs or relationships to ensure they keep their health insurance coverage,” Ms Rowley tells me. “That’s the best case scenario.
“Worst case, folks are rationing insulin which has led to many reported deaths and excruciating complications. People are buying and sharing insulin from people online they have never met, having to choose between buying food, paying rent, or taking their medicine.”
Diabetics in the US pay on average over $210 each month for insulin, according to a T1 International 2016 survey, compared to less than $50 in India or nothing at all in some European countries.
“In the UK, I walked into the pharmacy, and with my medical exemption card, picked up my essential medicines. While the NHS is still overpaying for insulin, the cost it pays is miniscule compared to what people in the US must pay.”
Ms Rowley acknowledges these other systems aren’t perfect – but to her, they are still far better for patients.
More voices on healthcare:
The medical tourists
Lauren Hyre, 30, an Arizona-based advocate for T1 International, knows first hand the fears of accessing insulin in the US system. She’s struggled with it for two-thirds of her life.
Her father passed away when she was nine and his company cut off the family’s health insurance. Before Obamacare, diabetics could be denied insurance, and so Ms Hyre was without coverage for years.
Living in Indiana, a state without expanded health assistance programmes, she also didn’t qualify for any government help.
For years, Ms Hyre depended upon expired vials of insulin from her doctor’s office and making trips to Canada to buy it at an affordable cost.
The first time she bought insulin at a Canadian pharmacy, her mother broke down in tears.
There are dozens of similar stories across the southern border too.
When 27-year-old Emily Mackey heard about a group of diabetics travelling to Tijuana, Mexico, to purchase cheaper insulin, she reached out on Instagram and joined in.
Her tram ride from San Diego, California, to Tijuana, Mexico, cost $5, round-trip. A six-month supply of insulin set her back $100, a lot lower than the $1,300 cost if purchased through her insurance.
But her relief soon turned to aggravation.
“I was angry that I had to go to Mexico in the first place to get a drug that keeps me alive. I live right next to a [US pharmacy], yet had to travel 3,000 miles to another country to get affordable insulin.”
Emily Mackey
Emily Mackey holds a stack of insulin pens that she purchased in Mexico
What are the solutions?
According to the American Diabetes Association (ADA), there are more than seven million diabetics in this country, and around 27% say that affording insulin has impacted their daily life.
Dr William Cefalu, the ADA’s chief scientific, medical and mission officer, says a lack of transparency is at the root of the issue.
“The system is dysfunctional. There are issues at each level, at each stakeholder in the insulin supply chain,” he says. “We can’t point the finger at one particular entity.”
Fixing issues with high deductibles and ensuring any discounts negotiated with insurance companies actually filter down to patients is key, he says.
Competition would be the best way to bring prices down, so why hasn’t that happened yet?
Unlike chemical drugs, which can be simply replicated, insulin is a biological material – made up of proteins synthesised through a cell line that’s unique to each formula.
Novo Nordisk, Eli Lilly and Sanofi’s insulins are all slightly different in this way, and no “generic” or un-branded copy could be made without accessing these companies’ patented materials and processes.
Vials holding the last drops of expired insulin that Laura Marston keeps as her emergency supply
But despite these fundamental differences, insulin has long been classified and regulated like a chemical drug.
In December, the FDA announced that the agency would reclassify insulin as a “biological product” by 2020, in what the FDA commissioner called a “watershed moment for insulin”.
These so-called biologics will then have an easier pathway to approval than before, promoting the development of “products that are biosimilar to, or interchangeable with” existing insulin.
Insulin isn’t the only drug affected by the tangled web of regulations and closed-door industry dynamics, but it is one of the few with life-or-death consequences attached to its price tag.
For Ms Marston, it’s hard to see why insulin was ever treated like other medications.
“It’s a natural hormone that everybody else’s bodies make that ours don’t,” she says. “There should be price caps on it just like everything else that’s required for life: your water bill, your electric bill. Arguably those things are even less required than Humalog.”
As an increasingly vocal Congress continues to hold hearings on drug pricing, pharmaceutical companies are beginning to feel the pressure.
Eli Lilly has announced it would be offering a new “generic” version of Humalog for half the cost. But the $137 price tag for this new generic is still steep – and significantly above what other countries pay for the same insulin.
It’s a move that may reduce what some pay at the pharmacy, but one that fails to address the systemic issues around insulin pricing.
Senator Elizabeth Warren, a 2020 presidential hopeful, and Representative Jan Schakowsky, both Democrats, proposed a different solution in December.
The Affordable Drug Manufacturing Act would order the Department of Health and Human Services to create a new office focusing on manufacturing generic drugs “in cases where the market has failed” in order to “jump-start” competition.
The bill is unlikely to pass but it signals a serious interest from some lawmakers to change the existing system.
Another avenue is the Medicare for All proposal pushed by Senator Bernie Sanders and other 2020 candidates, which would provide free healthcare for all, funded by higher taxes.
As the debate continues on Capitol Hill and in industry board rooms, Ms Marston says she wants to continue her own advocacy on behalf of those who have fallen through the insurance gaps.
“In an instant, they were faced with having to pay list prices and could not do that, and that is why they died.
“If even one person has to pay list price, that’s not fair,” Ms Marston says.
“It’s really someone having a gun to your head and saying: Your money or your life.”
Photographs by Hannah Long-Higgins
The human cost of insulin in America added by admin on March 14, 2019
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The University of the Philippines Los Baños Choral Ensemble
The UPLB Choral Ensemble gave a benefit concert in Berlin on May 10, 2014. It was organized by UPAA Germany in cooperation with the Filipino community and Sir Helmut Kißner (Knights of Rizal) for the benefit of a scholarship grant for UP students affected by the typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda).
St. Marien am Behnitz
PROFILE OF THE CHOIR
Photo Source: UPLB Choral Ensemble facebook website (www.facebook.com/uplbchoralensemble), Accessed 2014-02-11
TWO GOLDS from the 28th Takarazuka Int'l Chamber Chorus Contest
University of the Philippines Choral Ensemble (UPLBCE) is the official and resident choral group of University of the Philippines Los Baños (UPLB) . Founded in October 1991 by former members of the UP Rural High School Glee Club, UPLBCE is composed of students, alumni, faculty members, and staff of the University of the Philippines Los Banos.
The ensemble's repertoire ranges from early Renaissance music to more Contemporary choral masterpieces. It includes Folk Music from around the world. Standards, Pop, Ballad, Novelty Songs, and even Alternative Pop are included in the group's list of songs.
The group had won two Silver Diplomas in the 1st CCP National Choral Competition (2009) for Folkloric and Sacred Music Categories, 2nd Runner Up in the National Music Competition for Young Artists (2009), 2nd Place in Musica FEUropa (2009), 4 Gold Medal in the Institut Teknologi Bandung International Choral Competition in Bandung Indonesia (2010), Grand Champion in Musica FEUropa (2010 & 2011), Grand Prix Winner and 3 Gold Certificate in the 5th Voyage of Songs International Choral Festival in Zhuhai, China (2011), 2 Gold Medals in 28th Takarazuka International Chamber Chorus in Takarazuka, Japan (2012), Champion in PAGCOR Krismas Karol Kantahan (2012), 3rd Prize in the Folk and Male Category in the 1st Andrea O. Veneracion International Choral Competition (2013).
The group has been invited to join the 2014 international choir competition in Switzerland and Germany. The choir performed in Berlin for the benefit of the UPAA scholarship fund for students from the typhoon Haiyan-affected areas and in commemoration of the 60th anniversary of the Philippine-German diplomatic relations.
For samples of the group's music, please check the following links:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MOfEj5xWhAk
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rg_DLGlCUgY
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VXspcj8rOU8
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Il0RzAe_9m4
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MtLs3L_DqYk
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d1D-KhECXE4
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Moments with UPLB CHORAL ENSEMBLE
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Moto G6 series launching on this date: Quick facts on Android phone
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Star India gets to telecast 102 men's worldwide matches over the next five-year period, compared to 96 in the previous ... …
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Chinese Space Station Crashes Back To Earth
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Defunct Chinese Space Lab Plunges Back To Earth Over Pacific
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Cloudflare's 1.1.1.1 DNS Service Makes the Internet More Private & Faster
China space lab mostly burns up on re-entry in south Pacific
'Clueless' Star Stacey Dash Not Running For Congress After All
Masterminds behind Blue Moon to release trio of marijuana-infused beers
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Home >> International
New bishop wants to promote Chinese values
MACAU (SE): Formerly an auxiliary in Hong Kong, Bishop Stephen Lee Bun-sang was installed as the 30th or 31st or 32nd bishop of Macau, depending how you count them, on January 23, at a Mass that had already been arranged to mark the 440th anniversary of the foundation of the diocese.
The outgoing Bishop José Lai Hung-seng, who is stepping down for health reasons, greeted the new bishop at the entrance of the Cathedral of Nativity of the Virgin Mary and welcomed him to the diocese.
The two then walked to the altar and prayed silently on front of the blessed sacrament, before Bishop Lai made a public greeting and welcome. He said that although Macau is small, it received a mission from God in 1576 and has spread the good news of the gospel among the people of the Far East as the first diocese of eastern Asia.
The chancellor of the diocese, Father Manuel Machado, read the official appointment letter from the Holy See in Chinese and Portuguese, before displaying it to the people and the college of consultants of the diocese.
Bishop Lai then handed over the diocese officially by showing Bishop Lee to the official episcopal chair in the cathedral and presenting him with the crosier, two symbols of his new office.
The priests, religious, laity and young people of Macau then promised their allegiance and respect to the new bishop, praying that under his leadership they will work for the establishment of the reign of God in a spirit of unity.
Bishop Lee asked for constant prayer that he may be a loyal shepherd to the people and faithfully carry out his duties.
“We are a living Church that will bring the message of God to others everywhere,” he said, adding that the beautiful churches of Macau have no value if there is no care for the deprived people of the city, and love and peace are not spread in a world where people have become increasingly indifferent to the plight of others.
The Hong Kong diocese was represented at the installation ceremony by Bishop Joseph Ha Chi-shing and Bishop Lee invited him to join him in blessing the people.
Raimundo Arrais do Rosário, the secretary for transport and public works in Macau, attended the installation and the chief executive of the special administrative region, Fernardo Chui Sai-on, received the incoming and outgoing bishops at his office.
He told the two bishops that the government respects the freedom of religion as prescribed by the Basic Law, and expects continued cooperation from the Church in its education, social and humanitarian work.
Fifty-nine-year-old Bishop Lee spoke in English, Cantonese and Portuguese, which he has begun to learn. AsiaNews reported that he told the media he believes it is important to promote the Chinese values of cultivating self, putting family in order, governing the state and pacifying the world.
Aurelio Porfiri, the director of a special concert staged in May last year in honour of the great Jesuit missionary to China, Father Matteo Ricci, composed a hymn of welcome to the new bishop, Oremus Pro Antistite Stephano (Let us pray for Bishop Stephen).
Previous: It is war at the congress
Next: Old man remembers 1937 congress
Bishop José Lai Hung-seng
Bishop Stephen Lee Bun-sang
new bishop
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US Supreme Court Center > Volume 70 > UNITED STATES V. CIRCUIT JUDGES, 70 U. S. 673 (1865)
UNITED STATES V. CIRCUIT JUDGES, 70 U. S. 673 (1865)
United States v. Circuit Judges, 70 U.S. 3 Wall. 673 673 (1865)
United States v. Circuit Judges
A proceeding in the district or circuit court of the United States under the Act of March 3, 1851, [Footnote 1] for the ascertainment and settlement of private land claims in the state of California, is in the nature of a proceeding in equity. A decree of the circuit court in one of these cases transferred to it is therefore subject to appeal to the Supreme Court of the United States under the amendatory Judicial Act of March 3, 1803. [Footnote 2]
The fourth section of an Act of Congress of July 1, 1864, [Footnote 3] "To expedite the settlement of titles to lands in the state of California," provides as follows:
"That whenever the district judge of any one of the District Court of the United States for California is interested in any land the claim to which, under the said Act of March 3, 1851, is pending before him on appeal from the Board of Commissioners created by said act, the said district court shall order the case to be transferred to the Circuit Court of the United States for California, which court shall thereupon take jurisdiction and determine the same. The said district courts may also order a transfer, to the said circuit court, of any other cases arising under said act pending before them affecting the title to lands within the corporate limits of any city or town, and in such cases both the district and circuit judges may sit."
An appeal pending in the District Court for the Northern District of California from a decree of the Board of Commissioners -- the United States being a party on one side and the City of San Francisco party on the other -- was transferred from the district court to the circuit under the above section. It was there heard and decided in favor of the city, and the United States, represented by the attorney-general, considering itself aggrieved by the decree, applied in due form to the circuit court for an appeal to this Court. The application, after full consideration, was denied, on the ground that upon a true construction of the section above quoted, no appeal had been provided for.
The section itself, it will be seen, provides for no appeal.
On a petition by the United States for a mandamus to the judges of the circuit court to allow one, the question accordingly was whether under the Constitution and different statutes of the United States, any appeal lay.
Powered by Justia US Supreme Court Center: UNITED STATES V. CIRCUIT JUDGES, 70 U. S. 673 (1865)
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The Hunger Games trilogy takes place in an unspecified future time, in the dystopian, post-apocalyptic nation of Panem, located in North America. The country consists of a wealthy Capitol city, located in the Rocky Mountains, surrounded by twelve (originally thirteen) poorer districts ruled by the Capitol. The Capitol is lavishly rich and technologically advanced, but the districts are in varying states of poverty. The trilogy's narrator and protagonist Katniss Everdeen, lives in District 12, the poorest region of Panem, located in Appalachia, where people regularly die of starvation. As punishment for a past rebellion against the Capitol (called the "Dark Days"), in which District 13 was supposedly destroyed, one boy and one girl from each of the twelve remaining districts, between the ages of 12 and 18, are selected by lottery to compete in an annual pageant called the Hunger Games. The Games are a televised event in which the participants, called "tributes", are forced to fight to the death in a dangerous public arena. The winning tribute and his/her home district are then rewarded with food, supplies, and riches. The purposes of the Hunger Games are to provide entertainment for the Capitol and to remind the districts of the Capitol's power and lack of remorse, forgetfulness, and forgiveness for the failed rebellion of the current competitors' ancestors.
The Hunger Games Mockingjay Part 2 Poster
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The Hunger Games Wiki.
© Stargate-rasa.info 2018
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United States v. Cruikshank (1876)
Vile, J., Hudson, D. L. & Schultz, D. (2009). United states v. cruikshank (1876). In Encyclopedia of the First Amendment (pp. 1095-1095). Washington, DC: CQ Press doi: 10.4135/9781604265774.n1333
Vile, John, David L. Hudson and David Schultz. "United States v. Cruikshank (1876)." In Encyclopedia of the First Amendment, edited by John VileDavid L. Hudson and David Schultz, 1095. Washington, DC: CQ Press, 2009. doi: 10.4135/9781604265774.n1333.
Vile, J, Hudson, D L & Schultz, D 2009, 'United states v. cruikshank (1876)', in Vile, J, Hudson, DL & Schultz, D (eds), Encyclopedia of the first amendment, CQ Press, Washington, DC, pp. 1095, viewed 18 July 2019, doi: 10.4135/9781604265774.n1333.
Vile, John, et al. "United States v. Cruikshank (1876)." Encyclopedia of the First Amendment. Eds. Washington: CQ Press, 2009. 1095. SAGE Knowledge. Web. 18 Jul. 2019, doi: 10.4135/9781604265774.n1333.
In United States v. Cruikshank , 92 U.S. 542 (1876), the U.S. Supreme Court threw out the convictions of Cruikshank and other whites who, during a dispute about a ...
Baltimore,
charges,
citizenship,
Fourteenth Amendment,
Will v. United States
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| 0.404984
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Board of Education, Island Trees Union Free School District v. Pico (1982)
Vile, J., Hudson, D. L. & Schultz, D. (2009). Board of education, island trees union free school district v. pico (1982). In Encyclopedia of the First Amendment (pp. 178-178). Washington, DC: CQ Press doi: 10.4135/9781604265774.n156
Vile, John, David L. Hudson and David Schultz. "Board of Education, Island Trees Union Free School District v. Pico (1982)." In Encyclopedia of the First Amendment, edited by John VileDavid L. Hudson and David Schultz, 178. Washington, DC: CQ Press, 2009. doi: 10.4135/9781604265774.n156.
Vile, J, Hudson, D L & Schultz, D 2009, 'Board of education, island trees union free school district v. pico (1982)', in Vile, J, Hudson, DL & Schultz, D (eds), Encyclopedia of the first amendment, CQ Press, Washington, DC, pp. 178, viewed 18 July 2019, doi: 10.4135/9781604265774.n156.
Vile, John, et al. "Board of Education, Island Trees Union Free School District v. Pico (1982)." Encyclopedia of the First Amendment. Eds. Washington: CQ Press, 2009. 178. SAGE Knowledge. Web. 18 Jul. 2019, doi: 10.4135/9781604265774.n156.
Public school officials cannot remove library books because they disagree with the ideas contained in those books. The Supreme Court arrived at this finding in Board of Education, Island Trees Union ...
district schools,
justice,
libraries,
library schools,
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Minnesota v. Carter (1998)
David L. Hudson Jr.
In: Encyclopedia of the Fourth Amendment
Edited by: John R. Vile & David L. Hudson Jr.
Subject: American Political History, American Political Thought, Law & Courts
Hudson, D. L. (2013). Minnesota v. carter (1998). In J. R. Vile & D. L. Hudson (Eds.), Encyclopedia of the fourth amendment (Vol. 1, pp. 440-440). Washington, DC: CQ Press doi: 10.4135/9781452234243.n527
Hudson, David L. "Minnesota v. Carter (1998)." In Encyclopedia of the Fourth Amendment, edited by John R. Vile and David L. Hudson, 440. Washington, DC: CQ Press, 2013. doi: 10.4135/9781452234243.n527.
Hudson, D L 2013, 'Minnesota v. carter (1998)', in Vile, JR & Hudson, DL (eds), Encyclopedia of the fourth amendment, CQ Press, Washington, DC, pp. 440, viewed 18 July 2019, doi: 10.4135/9781452234243.n527.
Hudson, David L. "Minnesota v. Carter (1998)." Encyclopedia of the Fourth Amendment. Eds. John R. Vile and David L. Hudson. Vol. 1. Washington: CQ Press, 2013. 440. SAGE Knowledge. Web. 18 Jul. 2019, doi: 10.4135/9781452234243.n527.
In Minnesota v. Carter, 525 U.S. 83 (1998), the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that individuals in another person's apartment for a commercial purpose (bagging cocaine) had no legitimate expectation of privacy. The ruling meant that a police officer's warrantless, ...
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Home Politics Governor delivers Long Island budget to local crowd
Governor delivers Long Island budget to local crowd
Port Times Record
Times of Huntington-Northport
Times of Middle Country
Times of Smithtown
Village Beacon Record
by TBR Staff - April 19, 2019
From left, Stony Brook University President Samuel L. Stanley, Gov. Andrew Cuomo (D), Suffolk County Executive Steve Bellone (D). Photo from the governor’s office
Cuomo lauds LIRR reform, hints at renewable energy initiatives
By Donna Deedy
Gov. Andrew Cuomo (D) unveiled April 11 his Long Island agenda to a crowd of some 400 politicians, business leaders, local residents and students at Stony Brook University’s Student Activities Center. It was one of two stops statewide, where the governor personally highlighted regional spending for a local community.
Overall, the $175 billion fiscal year 2020 budget holds spending at 2 percent.
“This year’s budget builds on our progress and our momentum on Long Island, and it includes $18 billion for Long Island — the largest amount of money the state has ever brought back to the region, and we’re proud of it,” Cuomo said.
Nearly half of the revenue that Long Island receives goes toward school aid and Medicaid, $3.3 billion and $6.9 billion collectively, according to Freeman Klopott in New York State’s Division of the Budget. But the spending plan funds several bold initiatives, such as an overhaul of the MTA and Long Island Rail Road and the phase in of free public college tuition for qualified students.
Long Island Association president and CEO Kevin Law, who had introduced the governor, suggests looking at the enacted budget as five distinct categories: taxes, infrastructure, economic development, environmental protection and quality of life issues, such as gun safety reform.
On the tax front, Long Islanders, according to the governor’s report, pay some of the highest property tax bills in the United States. Over the last 20 years, Cuomo said, local property taxes rose twice as fast as the average income.
“You can’t continue to raise taxes at an amount that is more than people are earning,” he said. His goal is to stabilize the tax base.
On the federal level, the governor will continue to fight with other states the federal tax code, which last year limited taxpayers’ ability to deduct state and local taxes over $10,000 from their federal income tax returns. Long Island reportedly lost $2.2 billion.
Otherwise, the governor considers his plan to be the most ambitious, aggressive and comprehensive agenda for Long Island ever.
The budget’s regional development goals emphasize a commitment to Long Island’s research triangle: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Northwell Health, Stony Brook University and Brookhaven National Laboratory. The governor envisions the Island as New York’s potential economic equivalent to California’s Silicon Valley. The objective is to bridge academic research with commercial opportunities.
Some of the largest investments include $75 million for a medical engineering center at Stony Brook University, $25 million to Demerec Laboratory at Cold Spring Harbor, $12 million for a new college of veterinary medicine at Long Island University Post, $5 million in additional research investments at Stony Brook University and $200,000 cybersecurity center at Hofstra University.
“Governor Cuomo’s presentation was uplifting,” said state Assemblyman Steve Englebright (D-Setauket). “It was also a preview of the future of Long Island as an indelibly important part of the state the governor and Legislature appreciate and are continuing to invest into.”
Offshore wind initiatives will be announced in the spring, with a goal of providing 9,000 megawatts of wind power by 2035. As part of Cuomo’s New Green Deal, the state target is 100 percent clean energy by 2040.
Highlights of Gov. Cuomo’s 2019-20 budget for Long Islanders
Taxes: Permanently limits local tax spending to 2 percent annually. The 2 percent property tax cap, first implemented in 2012, has reportedly saved Long Island taxpayers $8.7 billion. Now that the property tax cap has become permanent, the governor reports that the average Suffolk taxpayer will save an estimated $58,000 over the next 10 years. The budget also supports the phase in of middle-class tax cuts. By 2025, under the reforms, middle-class filers will save up to 20 percent income tax rate and impact 6 million filers.
Internet taxation: Requires internet purchases to charge sales tax to fairly compete with brick-and-mortar retail establishments. This reform is expected to raise sales tax revenue by $33 million for Suffolk County in 2019.
LIRR reforms: Dedicates $2.5 billion to the Long Island Rail Road. $734 million will be used to purchase 202 new trains, $47 million will fund the Ronkonkoma train storage expansion project, which adds 11 tracks to the railyard. Another $264 million is allocated to reconfiguring and rebuilding the Jamaica station. An additional 17 stations will also be upgraded. A third track will be added between Hicksville and Floral Park to address bottlenecking. Many projects are already underway and expected to be completed
by 2022.
The new LIRR Moynihan Train Hall will become an alternative to Penn Station in New York City. It will be located in the old post office building. Construction is underway with completion targeted for the end of 2020. The cost is $2.5 billion with $600,000 million allocated for 2020. A new LIRR entrance at mid-block between 33rd Street and 7th Avenue will also be built at a price tag of $425 million.
School aid: Increases school aid to $3.3 billion, a nearly 4 percent uplift. The 2020 budget includes a $48 million increase of foundation aid.
College tuition: Funds tuition-free education in public colleges to qualified students, whose families earn less than $125,000 annually. The program annually benefits more than 26,100 full-time undergraduate residents on
Long Island.
The DREAM Act: Offers $27 million to fund higher education scholarships for undocumented children already living in New York state.
Higher education infrastructure: Spends $34.3 million for maintenance and upgrades at SUNY higher education facilities on Long Island.
Downtown revitalization: Awards Ronkonkoma Hub with $55 million for a downtown revitalization project. Nassau County will receive $40 million to transform a 70-acre parking lot surrounding Nassau Coliseum into a residential/commercial downtown area with parkland, shopping and entertainment, where people can live and work. Hicksville, Westbury and Central Islip will also receive $10 million each to revitalize its downtowns.
Roads and bridges: Among the initiatives, $33.6 million will be used toward the Robert Moses Causeway bridge. Safety will be enhanced with guardrails along Sunken Meadow Parkway for $4.7 million. The Van Wyck Expressway is also under expansion for improved access to JFK air terminals.
Health care: Adds key provisions of the Affordable Care Act to state law, so health insurance is protected if Washington repeals the law.
Plastic bag ban: Prohibits most single-use plastic bags provided by supermarkets and other retailers beginning in March 2020. Counties and cities can opt to charge 5 cents for paper bags. It is projected that 40 percent of revenue generated will fund local programs that purchase reusable bags for low- and fixed-income consumers. The other 60 percent will fund the state’s environmental protection projects.
Food waste recycling program: $1.5 million will be allocated to establish a clean energy, food waste recycling facility at Yaphank.
Clean water initiatives: Awards Smithtown and Kings Park $40 million for installing sewer infrastructure. A shellfish hatchery at Flax Pond in Setauket will get an additional $4 million. The new budget offers $2 million to the Long Island Pine Barrens Commission and $5 million in grants to improve Suffolk County water supply. The Long Island South Shore Estuary will get $900,000, while Cornell Cooperative Extension will receive $500,000. The state will also fund another $100 million to clean up superfund sites such as the Grumman Plume in Bethpage. The state has banned offshore drilling to protect natural resources.
Criminal justice reform: Ends cash bail for nonviolent felonies and misdemeanors. Mandates speedy trial to reduce pretrial detention. Requires that prosecutors and defendants share discoverable information in advance of trial.
Gun safety: Includes one of the nation’s first “red flag” laws. Passed in February 2019, the law enables the courts to seize firearms from people who show signs of violent behavior or pose a threat to themselves or others. The new law, which takes effect later this year, also authorizes teachers and school professionals to request through the courts mental health evaluations for people who exhibit disturbed behavior related to gun violence. Bans bump stocks. Extends background check waiting period for gun purchases.
Anti-gang projects: Invests more than $45 million to stop MS-13 gang recruitment and improve youth opportunities.
Opioid crisis: Allocates $25 million to fund 12 residential, 48 outpatient and five opioid treatment programs. The state also aims to remove insurance barriers for treatment.
Tourism: Promotes state agricultural products with $515,000 allocated to operate Taste NY Market at the Long Island Welcome Center with satellite locations at Penn Station and East Meadow Farm in Nassau County. The PGA Championship next month and Long Island Fair in September, both at Bethpage, will also feature New York agricultural products.
Agriculture: Continues support for the New York State Grown & Certified program to strengthen consumer confidence and assist farmers. Since 2016, the program has certified more than 2,386 farms.
Voting: Sets aside $10 million to help counties pay for early voting. Employers must offer workers three hours of paid time off to vote on election day.
County Executive Steve Bellone
Gov. Andrew Cuomo
New York State budget
Mount Sinai Mustangs too much for Kings Park
Theater Review: Hop over to Theatre Three for some spring break fun
TBR Staff
TBR News Media covers everything happening on the North Shore of Suffolk County from Cold Spring Harbor to Wading River.
Perspectives: Support Lawmakers’ efforts to preserve journalism
Kings Park mourns loss of beloved gym teacher and coach
Fighting on Independence Day, 1944
A tall order: Port Jeff looks for tall ships to fill dock as planned schooner deal falls through
Rocky Point Port Jefferson Bill Landon Mount Sinai Lacrosse Centereach Miller Place Suffolk County Police Department Setauket Ward Melville Port Jefferson Village Suffolk County Huntington Station Stony Brook University Northport Huntington Police Smithtown Kevin Redding Port Jefferson Station Kings Park Daniel Dunaief Stony Brook Desiree Keegan Rita J. Egan
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What's Happening from Feb. 4
As of Tuesday, February 4, 2014
Announce your public, nonprofit activities here, 75 words or less. E-mail to tdchron@thedalleschronicle.com or fax to 541-298-1365 or drop off at the Chronicle, 315 Federal St., PO Box 1910, The Dalles OR 97058.
SASQUATCH SIGNS: Paul Graves presents Sasquatch Signs and Symbols, at the Columbia Gorge Discovery Center Saturday, Feb. 22, at 5:30 p.m. The evening event begins with a taco bar dinner at 5:30 and the presentation at 6:30. Reservations are required by Feb. 19. For cost and to make reservations, call 541-296-8600 ext. 201, or go online to www.gorgediscovery .org.
BINGO THURSDAY: The Dalles Meals on Wheels, Inc. has bingo every Thursday night starting at 6 p.m. at 1112 W. 9th St., The Dalles. Minimum buy-in is $8 and players could win between $750 to $1,000 on the pink card game. The Dalles Meals on Wheels has been serving seniors for over 40 years. Bingo is our major fund raiser and makes up about 35 percent of the budget.
VALENTINES BANQUET: Vertical Fusion Youth Ministries invites you to our 2014 Valentines Banquet in support of the Life in Christ Center Guatemala Missions trip, Feb. 14, 6 p.m. at 3095 Cherry Heights Rd., The Dalles. Italian themed cuisine, tickets $8 per ticket. For more information, call 541-296-1136. Child care provided.
WEIGHT LOSS: Sherman County Weight Loss-Fitness Support Group. Help yourself and others get motivated to eat healthy and meet fitness goals.
Organized by local folks, this will be a no-cost group open to all, with the goal of offering support and information on creating a program that works for you. The group will start meeting Wednesdays from 4:30 to 6 p.m. at the OSU Extension building in Moro, starting Feb. 5. Scales are available; everyone will have a personal folder to keep track of weight loss and goals; bring a tape measure if you want.
If you have questions, contact Janet Pinkerton at 541-565-3245 or Kara Lanthorn at 541-993-3012.
GO RED: A three-day event focusing on women’s heart health, Go Red, is scheduled for Thursday, Feb. 6, through Saturday, Feb. 8.
“Women and Heart Disease from Coronary Artery Disease to HRT” is the subject of a discussion at Water’s Edge with Dr. Lena Weinman of Columbia River Women’s Clinic and Dr. Kevin Wei of the MCMC/OHSU cardiology clinic Thursday. A wine tasting at 5:30 p.m. will precede the main program.
A Heart Expo from 11 a.m. to 2 p.m. at The Dalles Civic Auditorium and noon poker fun walk is set for Friday, which is also National Wear Red Day. The expo will feature a variety of health-related exhibits and prize drawings.
Saturday, The Heart Truth Walk starts from Kiwanis Pocket Park on Klindt Drive in the port industrial park.
KIWANIS CLUB: The Dalles Kiwanis Club meetings are every Thursday noon at Spooky’s and visitors are welcome. Program for February:
Feb. 6, Dr. Gregory Keilman, chiropractor.
Feb. 13, Tim Melcher, district executive for Cascade Pacific Council Mid Columbia District Boy Scouts of America.
Feb. 20, Linda Evans, administrator of the North Wasco Virtual Academy.
Feb. 27 is the monthly club business meeting.
For more information go online to www.thedalles kiwanis.org/.
CRAB FEED: The Sherman County Athletic Foundation and Morrow County Grain Growers Crab and Oyster Feed is set for Saturday, Feb. 8, from 3:30 to 8 p.m. at Morrow County Grain Growers in Wasco.
Presale tickets are $33. Tickets at the door are $40. Until Feb. 1, a block of 10 tickets is $300. Tickets are available at the Lean To Café, Morrow County Grain Growers and Huskey’s 97 Market in Moro.
VALENTINE’S DAY: In honor of its patrons, the Hood River Aquatic Center will host its 13th Annual Complimentary Pancake Breakfast on Friday, Feb. 14, from 8 to 10 a.m. in the Aquatic Center Party Room.
MOVING PLAY: The free Families First Play Group for ages, birth to 6, is moving to Wonder Works, 206 Madison St., in The Dalles on the second and fourth Fridays, starting Feb. 14, from 10:30 a.m. to noon.
More information is available at The Next Door, 318 W. Second St., The Dalles, 855-308-2236.
POOL CLOSURE: The Aquatic Center will be closed all day Saturday, Feb.15, for the High School District Swim Meet. The Aquatic Center will reopen Sunday, Feb.16 at 1 p.m. for open swim and lap swim.
OPEN SWIM: The Hood River Aquatic Center will be hosting a special open swim from 1 to 3:30 p.m. on Monday, Feb.17. Admission is $1. The slide and rope swing will be open, and the party room will be available for rental.
LECTURE SERIES: Prevention and Treatment Tuesday, Feb. 18, 7 to 8:30 p.m. Antibiotics are powerful drugs that save lives, but due to overuse, drug-resistant bacteria have developed that are difficult to treat with current mainstay antibiotics. When should antibiotics be used and when should they be avoided? Join Robert Pollard, BS Pharm, MHA, Director of Pharmacy at Mid-Columbia Medical Center as he discusses the safe use of antibiotics and what we can all do to prevent antibiotic resistance.
All Lectures are free and held at Water’s Edge, second floor, Deschutes Room, 551 Lone Pine Blvd., The Dalles. Call 541-296-8444 or visit mcmc.net/library to register.
READING BENEFIT: A Taste for Literacy, a benefit for Smart (Start Making a Reader Today) is set for Sunday, Feb. 23, from 2 to 5 p.m. at the Sunshine Mill.
The event will include wine tasting, hors d’oeuvres, live music, raffle and silent auction. Tickets are available at Klindt’s Booksellers or at the door. Learn more about SMART online at www.getSMARToregon.org.
UMPIRES NEEDED: Baseball and softball umpires are needed for the upcoming 2014 season. First meeting will be Feb. 24, at 6 pm. at The Dalles Middle School. Training as well as some gear is provided for new officials. For more information contact Commissioner Bob Ford at 541-980-4165.
INDOOR MARKET: The Shaniko schoolhouse will host indoor markets and bazaars every month through March to raise money for school improvements. Events include:
March 1-2, St. Patrick’s Day Bazaar
Cost of a table is $10. For more information, call 541-489-3434 or email info@shanikooregon.com.
SCHOLARSHIP APPLICATION: The Columbia Gorge Community College Foundation’s high-school scholarship application is now available. Any Mid-Columbia high school student graduating in spring 2014 may apply. Recipients may be awarded up to 12 credits tuition per term which can only be used at Columbia Gorge Community College. Recipients must attend CGCC in the 2014-15 academic year. Applications may be picked up in the Student Services department at The Dalles or Hood River campus as well as online at http://cgcc.edu/financial-aid/scholarships.
Applications must be delivered to either The Dalles or Hood River Student Services department at Columbia Gorge Community College no later than noon, Thursday, April 10.
For more information, email foundation@cgcc.edu or call 541-506-6111, or visit Student Services in The Dalles or Hood River.
MUSEUM VOLUNTEERS: Fort Dalles Museum reopens soon for its 109th season. Volunteers are sought to welcome visitors, show them the historic buildings and the treasures within.
Volunteer for as many or as few hours as suits your schedule. Call Fort Dalles at 541-296-4547 for information about becoming a museum volunteer, email fortdallesmuseum@gmail.com mailto:fortdallesmuseum@gmail.com or visit fortdallesmuseum.org to download a volunteer application.
SUPPORT PROGRAM: The National Family Caregiver Support Program has respite funding available. Are you caring for an adult 60 years of age or older?
Are you at least 55 or older and raising a grandchild or grandchildren? Respite, a temporary break from caregiving duties, can make a world of difference in helping family caregivers.
Funding of the program is provided through the local Area Agency on Aging. To learn more about the program and its services call Melissa Howtopat at Area Agency on Aging, Mid-Columbia Council of Governments. Call 541-298-4101 or 1-888-316-1362.
EXERCISE PROGRAM: There are three components to exercise, stretching, strength training, and aerobics. The Oregon State Extension service sponsors three Strong People programs in The Dalles and Mosier that will address the strength training and stretching portion. Classes are approximately one hour in length twice a week. Columbia Gorge Community College Auditorium, noon Mondays and Wednesdays. Mosier Senior Center lunch Room, 12:30 p.m. Mondays and Wednesdays. Mid-Columbia Senior Center basement, 2 p.m. Tuesdays and Thursdays. For more information call OSU Extension 541-296-5494.
VOLUNTEERS WANTED: Volunteers are needed to knit, crochet shawls and lap robes for cancer patients. Yarn and patterns will be provided. Call Betty at 541-980-0774.
COAT GIVEAWAY: The Salvation Army is offering coats all winter long during business hours for people in need, Monday through Sunday, from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. at their office or thrift store at 623 E. Third St. in The Dalles.
Coats will be given to low-income individuals and families in need of warm coats for the winter.
For more information, call Kris at 541-296-6417.
GENEALOGY MEETS: The Columbia Gorge Genealogical Society meets the second Saturday of each month at the Columbia Gorge Discovery Center. The public and guests are welcome. A no-host lunch starts at noon in the Basalt Cafe.
For more information, call Sandra Bisset at 541-298-1240 or email wildflowers@gorge.net. Get a membership application or more information online at http://community.gorge.net/genealogy/about.html Blog: http://cggsblog.blogspot.com. The society is also on Facebook.
LAP LANES: Due to Water Polo and Swim Team practice, there will be no public lap lanes available at the Aquatic Center from 3:30-5:30 p.m. on Tuesday and Thursday afternoons.
$1 SWIMS OFFERED: The Aquatic Center offers $1 admission for all ages during open swim every Friday evening from 6:30 to 8 p.m. and every Sunday during open swim between 2 to 4 p.m.
What's Happening from Feb. 11
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DeVos Launches Investigation After Allegations Of Anti-Semitism At Duke And UNC Conference
REUTERS/Yuri Gripas
Mary Margaret Olohan Social Issues Reporter
June 18, 2019 12:08 PM ET
The Department of Education announced Monday it will investigate a March conference hosted by Duke University and the University of North Carolina accused of displaying anti-Semitic and anti-Israel bias.
Secretary of Education Betsy DeVos announced in a letter to Republican North Carolina Rep. George Holding that she is launching an investigation into the matter. Her letter followed Holding’s April 15 request that a federal investigation be made into the conference after video footage and allegations of anti-Semitism and anti-Israel bias emerged.
The conference “Conflict over Gaza: People, Politics, and Possibilities” took place between March 22 and March 24 and was co-sponsored by the Duke-UNC Consortium for Middle East Studies. The consortium reportedly received a $235,000 grant through the Department of Education in 2018, 65% of which has been spent, according to sources familiar with the matter who spoke with The Daily Caller News Foundation.
“According to first hand accounts, the conference had a radically anti-Israel bias. Reportedly, speakers and panelists distorted facts and misrepresented the complex situation in Gaza. A video recently surfaced depicting the main musical performer, rapper Tamer Nafar, singing a brazenly anti-semitic [sic] song,” Holding wrote in his April 15 letter to DeVos.
DeVos told Holding on Monday she is “troubled by the concerns” he addressed in the letter.
“I have directed the Office of Postsecondary Education to examine the use of funds under this program to determine if the Consortium violated the terms and conditions of its grant, Department regulates, or the HEA,” DeVos said.
“It is critical that recipients of grants use funds in accordance with statutory and regulatory requirements, as well as for purposes of the program for which they are funded. ”
Holding told TheDCNF he appreciates DeVos treating the incident seriously.
“Substituting one-sided advocacy for constructive academic discourse undermines the integrity of our education system and exploits the American taxpayers,” Holding told TheDCNF. “Universities have a responsibility to promote free and open debate featuring diverse perspectives and viewpoints.”
In a letter obtained by TheDCNF, the Department of Education requested evidence from Duke’s Professor Charlie Kurzman of policies, safeguards, budget allocations, processes and any other practices “currently in place” to ensure the consortium complies with the purpose of the National Resource Center program.
“The Department is requesting that you submit the initial documentation within 15 days of the receipt of this letter,” wrote Senior Director of the U.S. Department of Education Office of Postsecondary Education International and Foreign Language Education Cheryl Gibbs. “Upon our review of the submitted documentation, the Department may request further clarifying information and may conduct a site visit.”
Political filmmaker Ami Horowitz attended and filmed parts of the March conference, which was temporarily disabled. He told TheDCNF it is vital for the public to hold universities accountable for demonstrations like these. (RELATED: YouTube Responds To Claims Of Censoring Video Revealing Anti-Semitism At University Conference)
“It is a travesty that US federal funds and state funds were used for an antisemitic, anti Israel hatefest,” Horowitz said. “I applaud the congressman’s actions.”
Nafar has used his music to push Palestinian citizens to vote, appearing on CNN with Becky Anderson to discuss Arab voting in April. Nafar can be heard saying in the video filmed by Horowitz, “Let’s try it together,” as he invites the audience to join him in song, “I need your help. I cannot be anti-Semitic alone.”
“Don’t think of Rihanna when you sing this, don’t think of Beyonce — think of Mel Gibson,” Nafar says in the video, “I’m in love with a Jew/Oh/I fell in love with a Jew/Oh/Her skin is white and my skin is brown, she was going up, up and I was going down.”
“You look beautifully anti-Semitic,” Nafar told the crowd.
“UNC-Chapel Hill will continue to work with the U.S. Department of Education to directly answer any questions about the Duke-UNC Consortium for Middle East Studies,” a UNC spokesperson told TheDCNF.
The spokeswoman added that “while the Consortium initially budgeted $5,000 in grant funds for the conference, as has been reported, a review of the expenditures found that ultimately less than $200 were used to support the conference.”
Duke and the Duke-UNC Consortium for Middle East Studies did not immediately respond to requests for comment from The Daily Caller News Foundation. Nafar could not be immediately reached for comment.
Follow Mary Margaret on Twitter.
Tags : anti semitism betsy devos duke university
Mary Margaret Olohan
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Hypercircuit (Commodore 64)
by PaulEMoz in "Alligata", "Chris Butler", "Commodore 64", "Hypercircuit", "Sinistar", "Time Pilot"
I've been a bit stuck for things to write about lately. Not that I haven't got lots of possible subjects; it's just that it's been hard to gather my focus sufficiently to nail something down. And I've been dipping in and out of a number of games, enjoying playing them but not really giving them enough time to justify writing about them.
Mmmm, look at all those lovely points to be had...
Lately, I've been mulling over the idea of writing a retro book. I've had some good feedback about the idea, too. That's added a bit of a spring to my step, and this write-up has really come about as a result of that. While I was pulling together all my thoughts, ideas and plans and read a few old ZZAP! 64 magazines, I realised that I had never played Chris Butler's Hypercircuit. And so, I decided to put that right.
Hypercircuit was Chris Butler's first Commodore 64 game. A follow-up to a game he'd programmed on the BBC called Transistor's Revenge, it saw you miniaturised and placed inside a Commodore 64, using a tiny fighter craft to destroy marauding enemies that are intent on damaging the computer's circuit boards. How dare they?
Am I awesome, or what?
You can't just go rampaging wherever you like in your quest, though... that would cause more harm than good. Instead, you have to manoeuvre your way around using the wiring on the circuit board. You have to be careful, though, as those dangerous enemies could lurk around any corner...
So, Hypercircuit is a shoot 'em up, then. It's presented in classic arcade fashion, with your enemies and their points values set out on the title screen. And although the gameplay is nothing like it, it's clearly inspired (at least in part) by Defender in the way its bad guys behave. If you're going to borrow from something, borrow from the best.
Things that need to be shot.
It's not a bad little game, when all is said and done. It has a few little problems; the screen size is too small, the music gets annoying, there are times when you'll be trundling around a seemingly empty level. Oh, and it's a bit predictable. But it's still quite enjoyable to play, in the chase for a high score. That said, it was improved and refined immeasurably for Chris Butler's next game, Z. Still, it was a nice introduction to the C64 for Chris Butler, who would go on to have a very interesting career on the machine...
Bundle in a Box (PC)
Giveaway - Sonic the ...
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« Gerald Amirault interviewed | Main | Enthusiasm gap in Massachusetts favors Brown »
How to discuss M.L. King
Rose writes:
Martin Luther King Day will soon be upon us with its attendant bashing of the eponymous civil rights icon by many conservatives. And though I agree that King has become, in the words of one author, “the patron saint of white guilt” and is not deserving of a national holiday, I won’t enjoy any of the revisionist essays (though I certainly don’t, like many, consider criticism of him to be “racist.”) The first and most obvious reason is that I believe bringing up his adultery, as many of his enemies do, is out of line as his personal failings have nothing to do with his public accomplishments. This includes alcohol-fueled comments to friends when he was unaware of being recorded. It’s remarkably petty to hold something said during private drunken-talk against a man. Liberal historians often engage in these tactics to discredit famous historical figures and by extension the entire notion of “great men” and though I know this isn’t what King’s critics have in mind, I am reminded of it. Undoubtedly if the good reverend had been white, liberals would be the first to expose him and relish that a religious man had been caught with his pants down, but for that very reason conservatives should not be doing the same thing simply because they dislike this particular man. They are better than this.
I’m pretty firm in the above opinion but there is another reason that I find I dislike the debunking that I’m not as sure about. This is that I’ve always thought a certain amount of respect is to be accorded to any people’s cultural myths. Every race and ethnic group has its heroes and villains, its triumphs and tragedies, real and legendary that I think are owed a certain amount of polite circumspection when approached by the history-minded. The authors of deconstructions of King and Rosa Parks seem almost the equivalent of a man who goes to a Scottish patriotic celebration and announces that the movie Braveheart was completely inaccurate and, oh, by the way, Rabbie Burns was a cad and a rake who wrote indifferent poetry at best. I would consider this to be impolite even if the truth is on one’s side. There isn’t anything wrong with racial self-boosterism and its inevitable myth-making. I’ve never minded Frederick Douglas and Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad being taught in elementary school (provided they come after Lincoln, Grant and Lee) so that little black children can see their own heroic ancestors in the history books.
That’s a normal and healthy impulse and that is exactly the point conservatives should make: it is perfectly fine for any race, every race, including whites, to want to celebrate their accomplishments. I’m open to being told that I’m completely wrong however … Here anyway is my favorite MLK day thing, a Saturday Night Live sketch that exposes how blacks use the day as a way to cynically guilt whites out of their valuable belongings.
I agree with everything you say.
King’s adulteries, which were not garden variety but extreme and out of control (note: I am not saying that “garden variety” adultery is ok, but that King was worse than that) are certainly relevant to any historical discussion of his character. At the same time, I agree with you that there is often a kneejerk meanspiritedness in the way some conservatives, mainly paleoconservatives, bring up his adulteries and plagiarism as a way of discrediting him. Neither factor is ultimately relevant to his historical significance. If people want to criticize King and oppose the dreadful King holiday, they should do so based on his public record. And there is plenty there to criticize. I’ve written about how he turned into a standard anti-American leftist in the last year or two of his life, condemning America as the source of all evils in the world, and for that reason alone, giving him a national holiday was inappropriate in the extreme. Before that, it was clear that he was a supporter of socialist-type guarantees of equality of outcome between racial groups. So the King worshipped by the neocons, the king of “content of character, not color of skin,” is a highly selective King, not reflecting what King himself came to stand for.
At the same time, I agree with you that if a man has become a symbol to a people, you don’t gratuitously dump on him.
Jake Jacobsen writes
Please allow me to be the counter-intuitive grouch to Rose’s inclusive nice persona. I don’t have a problem with every race being allowed their own myths and heroes. What I have a problem with is the demand that I celebrate them under pain of social excommunication and being called harsh names. I think MLK was a fraud and a huckster, it is my right to believe as much.
And far from my attending an MLK party and being a boor by insulting his memory, his racial boosters will track me down and insist that I acknowledge him as something I don’t believe he was. With all respect to Rose this is exactly the wrong approach, I am not going to nod along and agree that he was a “great man” when I think no such thing anymore than I am going to consider fifty cent among the great canons of Western music.
/curmudgeon!
Your last point is not exactly responsive to Rose’s comment, since she was not demanding that anyone celebrate King.
Lydia McGrew writes:
I don’t think you and your commentator Rose agree as much as one might think, given that you say that King’s adulteries are relevant to an historical evaluation of him, and she seems to think that they aren’t, because they were “private.” A man’s character most certainly is relevant to the conclusion that he was a great man, a man to be celebrated, quoted, and emulated, and plagiarism and adultery (a fortiori the extreme and unrepentant form in which King engaged) are relevant to character. King was not a great man for so-called “private” reasons, as well as because what he was demanding (e.g., federal legislation against all racial discrimination) was misguided and has proved bad for America. And, yes, I would say this about conservative politicians and leaders as well; they, too, deserve to be blamed and not to be treated as great men and heroes if they do the kinds of ostensibly “private” things King did.
It would be pretty ironic if we deliberately ignored the character of the very man who told us that he wanted each person to be evaluated by the content of his character!
Lydia continues:
I don’t believe Rose actually brought up King’s plagiarism, but I think you mentioned it. Plagiarism is not a private sin on any construal, nor is it a minor matter, in my opinion. It is a form of fraud, and should be taken very seriously. It resulted in King’s receiving a title, by which all of us are expected to call him world without end, to which he was not rightfully entitled. This is most definitely a public matter, a matter of cheating and deceit.
I just wanted to emphasise that I think King’s liberalism is definitely a legitimate topic for discussion and criticism. I wouldn’t even say that it’s an impolite one as it’s not something that many people (and most blacks) would find to be discrediting to their hero (unfortunately.) I once read a post on an internet forum by a liberal complaining of how the media and history books suppressed King’s later leftist turn to make him more palatable to the mainstream. When discussing his assassination, according to this poster, everyone deliberately leaves out that the reason he was in Memphis in the first place was to support a worker’s strike.
Rose replies to Lydia McGrew:
That one shouldn’t discuss private flaws when evaluating public men is a view I hold consistently for everyone and so defending it would take us far beyond King. I’ll only say that I have a very conservative uncle who firmly believes in the Thomas Jefferson and the slave girl tale. I don’t know if the gossip was true or not but even if it was I wouldn’t think it relevant to the Founding Father’s legacy or the wisdom of his political ideas (I know that Mr. Auster has some firm opinions on those). My uncle however still admires Jefferson and has a bust of our third president in his house.
Generally, I think that most modern historians consider it their job to be iconoclasts, revisionists, and idol-smashers, to reach behind the facade of ‘virtue’ and bring the hidden muck and filth out into the daylight and given man’s fallen nature very few of our heroes and idols can withstand this kind of scrutiny. It is simply unpleasant to me to witness anyone receiving this treatment for whatever reason. Even a total lefty.
(No one should ever be called harsh names for doing it though.)
Here’s James Bowman complaining about this tendency at the beginning of a book review.
Mike writes:
I think that the content of this post suggests that the myth of MLK is unhealthy for an America of the non-proposition variety:
I would also like to point out a distinction between MLK and William Wallace. If you went to a Scottish festival and groused about how Braveheart was a work of fiction, you’d be a jerk and a party pooper because everyone already knows that Braveheart was a work of fiction. With King, on the other hand, you have a man who the vast majority of Americans truly believe is a saint and have never heard the slightest indication otherwise. A saint who in the popular consciousness was the black Joan of Arc who singlehandedly fought and defeated white America for all time. I agree that it’s crass and wrong to tear down a mythological figure for no reason, but when that figure is held up as a symbol of triumph over your own culture its continued veneration should not be tolerated.
LA writes:
Maybe it’s a question of taste. I personally am turned off by the angry, mean attacks on King that we see in some conservative quarters: Adulterer! Plagiarist! To me that’s a sign of impotent reactiveness. The record of his adulteries is a legitimate subject. The record of his plagiarism is a legitimate subject. But since when do we have campaigns directed against a public figure in this country on the basis that he was an adulterer? And what if King were not an adulterer and a plagiarist? Would it change anything substantive about his meaning to the country? Would he then be ok by you? Is your opposition to him based on his adulteries, or on his politics? So the people pushing the adultery and plagiarism line don’t look like serious people.
If you’re against the national quasi-sainthood of King, if you’re against the outrage of the King holiday, and I am, then campaign against it. If you think it’s wrong that King is a symbol of America, then MAKE THE CASE for that. GIVE REASONS. There are a lot of good arguments against the King cult. But many of the attacks on King consist of negative emotion rather than argument, they look like expressions of anger, and they are not helpful.
Posted by Lawrence Auster at January 16, 2010 08:38 PM | Send
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Roped, Crowd, and Hatched by Gordon Waverly Gilkey
Roped, Crowd, and Hatched
Gordon Waverly Gilkey
1912 - 2000 (biography)
metal relief
14 13/16 x 17 3/4" platemark
not stated
pencil titled
cream J Whatman wove with "1952 England" watermark
Gordon Gilkey weaves a series of twisted double lines to create a dramatic white on black maze. It is like a fabric, beginning to unravel, a metaphor for many things. Gilkey etched the white lines into the plate as an intagilo, but rather than printing the lines, he inked the surface of the plate to get this image. It may also exist as an intaglio, with the background in white and the lines in black. This impression is a proof and possibly never editioned.
Gordon Gilkey was a professor at and later dean of the College of Liberal Arts at Oregon State University. Upon his retirement in 1977, he donated his expansive collection of prints and drawings to the Portland Museum of Art. He became the museum’s curator of Prints and Drawings and the Printmaker in Residence at Pacific Northwest College of Art, Portland, Oregon.
In 1993, he and his wife founded the Vivian and Gordon Gilkey Center for the Graphic Arts at the Portland Museum of Art. Gordon Gilkey died in 2000, but his legacy remains an important part of the Portland and national print world.
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The School of Medicine, Yale University
Registration number 20060928F
This certifies that the heraldic arms of The School of Medicine, Yale University are registered as an original design and are described by the blazon below
Arms: Vert an Aesculapian staff Or a chief ermine a saltire Gules.
Yale website: http://www.med.yale.edu/ysm/about/shield.html
Design reationale
The arms of Elihu Yale, the East India merchant and benefactor after whom Yale College is named, are featured on the upper portion of the school's arms. The upper arms consist of an ermine field, white with small black stylized tails and the red cross of St. Patrick, called a saltire. The lower portion of the arms has a green background, the academic color for medicine, with a single Aesculapian serpent, which also signifies medicine.
Education, US, M, Y
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A hotspot finder app exposed 2 million Wi-Fi network passwords
A popular hotspot finder app for Android exposed the Wi-Fi network passwords for more than two million networks.
The app, downloaded by thousands of users, allowed anyone to search for Wi-Fi networks in their nearby area. The app allows the user to upload Wi-Fi network passwords from their devices to its database for others to use.
But that database of more than two million network passwords, however, was left exposed and unprotected, allowing anyone to access and download the contents in bulk.
Sanyam Jain, a security researcher and a member of the GDI Foundation, found the database and reported the findings to TechCrunch.
We spent more than two weeks trying to contact the developer, believed to be based in China, to no avail. Eventually we contacted the host, DigitalOcean, which took the database down within a day of reaching out.
“We notified the user and have taken the [server] hosting the exposed database offline,” a spokesperson told TechCrunch.
Each record contained the Wi-Fi network name, its precise geolocation, its basic service set identifier (BSSID), and network password stored in plaintext.
Although the app developer claims the app only provides passwords for public hotspots, a review of the data showed countless home Wi-Fi networks. The exposed data didn’t include contact information for any of the Wi-Fi network owners, but the geolocation of each Wi-Fi network correlated on a map often included networks in wholly residential areas or where no discernible businesses exist.
The app doesn’t require users to obtain the permission from the network owner, exposing Wi-Fi networks to unauthorized access. With access to a network, an attacker may be able to modify router settings to point unsuspecting users to malicious websites by changing the DNS server, a vital system used to convert web addresses into the IP addresses used to locate web servers on the internet. When on a network, an attacker can also read the unencrypted traffic that goes across the wireless network, allowing them to steal passwords and secrets.
Tens of thousands of the exposed Wi-Fi passwords are for networks based in the U.S.
A family tracking app was leaking real-time location data
» A family tracking app was leaking real-time location data
» Youth-run agency AIESEC exposed over 4 million intern applications
» Urban Massage exposed a huge customer database, including sensitive comments on its creepy clients
» A leaky database of SMS text messages exposed password resets and two-factor codes
» MindBody-owned FitMetrix exposed millions of user records — thanks to servers without passwords
» Researchers crack 320 million hashed passwords
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Written by Bombardier Inc
Bombardier Inc
Sunday, at African Airline Association (AFRAA), Bombardier Aerospace announced that South African Express Airways (SA Express) has been appointed an Authorized Service Facility (ASF) for CRJ100, CRJ200 and CRJ700 regional jets, as well as Q400 turboprops and other Dash 8/Q-Series turboprops. This addition to Bombardier’s Authorized Service Facility (ASF) network is the first in Africa and part of Bombardier’s ongoing expansion plan for international support.
Under the ASF agreement, Johannesburg-based SA Express received Bombardier’s endorsement to offer maintenance work to operators of CRJ100, CRJ200 and CRJ700 regional jets and Dash 8-100/200/300, Q100, Q200, Q300 andQ400 turboprop aircraft.
“Our entire Customer Services team is firmly committed to expanding our presence in Africa at an accelerated pace to support operators of Bombardier commercial and business aircraft,” said Éric Martel, President, Customer Services & Specialized and Amphibious Aircraft, Bombardier Aerospace. “Our global support network is spreading its wings through our sustained investment and focus. We are pleased to further bolster our presence in collaboration with a long-standing local Bombardier operator.”
“We are extremely proud of this achievement and I am sincerely grateful for all of the efforts and commitment of the stakeholders involved that have culminated in this accolade,” said Ramon Vahed, General Manager, Aircraft Maintenance and Engineering and Fleet Development, SA Express. “Achieving the ASF status will prove to be a significant milestone for the airline and our shareholders and will provide operators in the region with improved access to a sustainable, cost-effective and high-quality local maintenance support service."
South African Express operates a fleet of 15 CRJ200 and CRJ700 regional jets and nine Q400 turboprops. The airline employs a full-time staff of approximately 300 maintenance technicians performing both light and heavy maintenance work within a 10,000 square-metre (107,640 square-foot) maintenance hangar and support infrastructure facilities across their base of operations.
South African Express has repeatedly earned Bombardier's Airline Reliability Performance Award for the Middle East and Africa, winning awards in 2010 and 2012 for the CRJ100 and CRJ200 aircraft, in 2011 for the Q100/200/300 turboprop category and in 2008 for the Q400 turboprop category.
The airline will join a network of 59 ASF and Line Maintenance Facilities (LMF) that serves operators of Bombardier business and commercial aircraft spanning across more than 25 countries worldwide. These facilities are supported by nine Bombardier-owned service centres in North America and Europe.
About SA Express
South African Express is a domestic and regional passenger and cargo carrier established on 24 April 1994. Since its establishment, SA Express has become one of the fastest-growing regional airlines in Africa. It is the only airline on the African continent to hold Bombardier ASF status for commercial aircraft.
As a regional airline with route networks connecting major local and regional cities, SA Express plays a significant role in the country’s hospitality, travel and tourism industry and is a vital contributor to the continent’s socio-economic development.
About Bombardier
Bombardier is the world’s only manufacturer of both planes and trains. Looking far ahead while delivering today, Bombardier is evolving mobility worldwide by answering the call for more efficient, sustainable and enjoyable transportation everywhere. Our vehicles, services and, most of all, our employees are what make us a global leader in transportation.
Bombardier is headquartered in Montréal, Canada. Our shares are traded on the Toronto Stock Exchange (BBD) and we are listed on the Dow Jones Sustainability World and North America indexes. In the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011, we posted revenues of $18.3 billion USD. News and information are available at bombardier.com or follow us on Twitter @Bombardier.
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Amy Yang
Hailed by The New York Concert Review as "a magnificent artist and poet," AMY YANG is a seasoned soloist, chamber musician, and pedagogue. Recent engagements include collaborations with the Saint Paul Chamber Orchestra and Patricia Kopatchinskaya, National Youth Orchestra of USA, Penn Symphony Orchestra, participating in the Mitsuko Uchida Workshop at Carnegie Hall, and returning to Weill Recital Hall, Kennedy Center, and Gardner Museum. Upcoming engagements include soloing with Tuscaloosa Symphony, performing with Dover Quartet, appearing on Philadelphia Chamber Music Society and Schneider Concert Series.
Major engagements include soloing with Houston Symphony; collaborating with Jasper, Amphion, Aizuri, and Daedalus Quartets; premiering music by Pulitzer Prize winner Caroline Shaw, Avner Dorman, Ezra Laderman; and appearing at Marlboro Music Festival, Ravinia Festival, Prussia Cove Masterclasses, Verbier Academy, and Caramoor.
She serves as Chamber Music Mentor at Curtis Institute of Music and Chamber Music Coach at The University of Pennsylvania. At Curtis Summerfest, she is the Program Director and faculty for its Young Artist Summer Program and faculty for the Chamber Music and Orchestra for Adults program.
She attributes her growth to the teaching of Claude Frank, Peter Frankl, Robert McDonald, Mitsuko Uchida, and Timothy Hester. As a juror, she has judged the Bravura Philharmonic Concerto Competition, Temple University Concerto Competition, NJMTA, CCC Toronto Piano Competition, and the Marian Garcia Competitions at PSU.
Ms. Yang is an alumna of Curtis Institute of Music, Juilliard School, and Yale School of Music, where she received the Parisot Award for an Outstanding Pianist and Alumni Association Prize. In her spare time, she enjoys painting, drawing, and reading poetry and neuroscience. www.amyjyang.com
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[3DS] Theatrhythm: Final Fantasy
Author Topic: [3DS] Theatrhythm: Final Fantasy (Read 1009 times)
CarolineJohnson
High Five Received: 9
Herpenderps
Theatrhythm: Final Fantasy
System: Nintendo 3DS / iOS
Genre: Rhythm / Music
Developer: Square-Enix 1st Production Department / indieszero
Publisher: Square-Enix
This is an interesting one - a rhythm game for the Final Fantasy series. It's not all that weird, however, because they did music games right.
There are two gods: Cosmos and Chaos. The space between them is Rhythm, which gave birth to a Crystal that controls music. Chaos corrupts this crystal and the only way to purify it is to increase a type of music wave called Rhythmia. Cosmos summons characters from various Final Fantasy games to get the Crystal back to normal.
This is fairly similar to the story of the two Dissidia: Final Fantasy games, if you think about it (similar elements) but it's a great one for a rhythm game like this. Short, simple, and to the point. After all, you're playing the game for the rhythm stages, not the story, right?
Did I ever mention this game was simple? You get a party system, with an equip system that's more like the ability equip from Kingdom Hearts. Your equipment consists of various abilities and magic, as well as a single item if you so choose. This party, by the way, consists of any characters you like from the first thirteen Final Fantasy games. At the start, you only get one character per game, but you can unlock some as you go.
The gameplay itself consists of four types of stages. Opening/Ending Themes, Field Music Stages, Battle Music Stages, and Event Music Stages. Each one has a distinct style of play, though all are almost fundamentally the same. You choose which game you want to play music from, and it'll send you first to the Opening Theme.
Opening/Ending Themes are the simplest of the four. In the middle of the top screen is the Crystal, with some small music note bubbles coming toward it. All you do is tap the bottom screen when the music note bubbles get to the Crystal, or to the basic melody of the song if getting the timing of the bubbles alone is somewhat difficult. You can actually skip these stages if you want to, as they're not actually counted as mandatory stages. However, they do get you extra Rhythmia and the music is usually too good to skip anyway.
Field Music Stage (FMS for short) is just that. It's a stage with overworld music from whatever game you chose. The first character in your party walks/runs to the left as the music plays and some notes run to the circle on the right. You have to tap, flick, hold, and drag depending on what notes are coming up. Halfway through the stage, you get the chance to summon a Chocobo to run faster. The more silver notes you successfully get, the better the Chocobo. If you get to the end just as the song ends, a character from the game that song is from will give you a bonus treasure cheat. It's a very fun, fast paced type of stage.
Battle Music Stage (BMS for short) is, again, exactly what it says on the tin. It's a stage that looks like a typical Final Fantasy 2D battle screen, but with circles in front of all four of your party members. Like in FMS, the notes come at the circles on the left. You don't have to keep track of WHERE they're going to hit, though. All you have to do is hit them correctly. Partway through will be some silver notes, like in FMS. This time, they summon a summon...you know, like Shiva or Odin. However, you have to hit all of them or you will lose your summon chance. As the stage progresses, you'll defeat the monsters on the left side of the screen. How many you defeat doesn't matter, as it's just a little visual thing so the stage isn't too static. These are entertaining battle scenes, and every hit feeling so satisfying because the little characters attack whenever you get a successful hit on a note.
Event Music Stage (EMS for short) is somewhat different. You get a prerendered video playing in the background, a circle, notes, and a line. The video is probably there to distract you. The line goes in every direction. The circle follows it, occasionally running into notes you'll have to successfully hit. It's kind of reminiscent of Elite Beat Agents, actually. Again, halfway through are some silver notes. However, I don't know what failing to hit them all does, and all I know about what happens when you successfully hit them is that the effect is called "Extended Version". As I've never failed to hit them all, I can only assume it extends the song. Sometimes annoying, but always fun. Nostalgia factor may summon the onion-cutting ninjas on these, though.
Last but not least: Chaos Shrine. At one point, you will get a "Dark Note", which opens up the Chaos Shrine mode. In it, you play Dark Notes. These are little challenges that are like the main part of the game, but only consist of two stages and don't have Opening/Ending Theme stages...though the songs from those may pop up as other kinds of stages. When you first play a Dark Note, you will not know what songs are in it. All you'll get out of it is the type of stage you'll be playing (which always a battle or field stage. EMS doesn't ever pop up in Chaos Shrine mode).
...also, this game is quite short. I got to the credits within a 24-hour period. Still, there's a lot of replay value and there's still a ton that can be unlocked after the game has been completed.
SOUND AND VISUALS
I'm not going to gush, but please excuse my gushing. OH MY GOD these songs are amazing. In the stages, almost all of the songs sound exactly as they did on the original system they were on. The tracklist is a very good one, my friends. Great indeed. A lot of great songs are here, from "Elia, the Maiden of Water" and "Suteki da Ne" to "The Sunleth Waterscape" and "Main Theme of Final Fantasy IV". Five songs each are represented for thirteen main series Final Fantasy games, and there are even more you can buy and unlock separately.
The menus have fantastic arrangements of various Final Fantasy songs, though you won't get to hear them for long as each menu has a separate song and I doubt you'll be on each menu long enough to have a good listen to the songs. However, if you stay there long enough to listen, they're very nice to listen to.
The visuals are a mix of adorable and awesome. The guy who created the little avatars you can see on Kingdom Hearts Mobile and Kingdom Hearts Re: Coded has done a lot for this game, and it's a great change from the normal stuff. The top screen is always so bright and pretty! However, the bottom screen is usually a static image with sparkles appearing whenever and wherever you touch. All of the focus is on the top screen, though, so I find that to be all well and good. You don't really need to and don't have the time between notes to look at the bottom screen at all.
The 3D is also pretty nice. My eyes usually freak out when I put my 3DS on full 3D, but this game does it so well that I can have it up as little or as much as I want without my eyes burning. However, some sections make very little use of the depth and it's not mind blowing enough that you decide you HAVE to play with the 3D on 100% of the time.
So, in short, this game is a joy to play and, while short, is something that can be enjoyed for a long time (like most music games). It's got charm and a wonderful track listing. So...um.... I leave you with this.
GAMEPLAY: 10/10
SOUND: 10/10
VISUALS: 10/10
TRACK LISTING: 10/10
3D EFFECT: 8/10
TOTAL: 9.6/10
« Last Edit: August 25, 2013, 11:29:50 PM by CarolineJohnson » »
Re: [3DS] Theatrhythm: Final Fantasy
Great Review. I think you may have overrated it a tad bit, but this is your opinion. I love the game
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Hotshot Washington lawyer Robert Dean becomes a victim of high-tech identity theft when a hacker slips an incriminating video into his pocket. Soon, a rogue National Security agent sets out to recover the tape -- and destroy Dean.
Swordfish (2001)
Rogue agent Gabriel Shear is determined to get his mitts on $9 billion stashed in a secret Drug Enforcement Administration account. He wants the cash to fight terrorism, but lacks the computer skills necessary to hack into the government mainframe. Enter Stanley Jobson, a n'er-do-well encryption expert who can log into anything.
The Girl in the Spider's Web (2018)
In Stockholm, Sweden, hacker Lisbeth Salander is hired by Frans Balder, a computer engineer, to retrieve a program that he believes it is too dangerous to exist.
Furious 7 (2015)
Deckard Shaw seeks revenge against Dominic Toretto and his family for his comatose brother.
The Second Best Secret Agent in the Whole Wide World (1965)
An English spy (Tom Adams) guards a Scandinavian scientist (Karel Stepanek) who has sold an anti-gravity device to each side.
Offline: Are You Ready for the Next Level? (2017)
Champion gamer Jan has to fight for his digital identity, winning back his real life as well.
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Review: 'BOHANNON, J.R.'
'Recôncavo'
- Label: 'Phantom Limb'
- Genre: 'Folk' - Release Date: '26th April 2019'
This Brooklyn-based fingerstyle guitar player’s debut is a study of guitar in the American folk tradition with additional influences from Iberian and Latin music.
J.R. Bohannon, John to his friends, is a native of Louisville, Kentucky. His guitar style has been shaped by rock and post-hardcore scenes of the late 80’s / early 90’s alongside Appalachian folk cultures. He is also part of ongoing ambient project called Ancient Ocean.
The five compositions for 6 and 12-string guitar were initially self-released but, thanks to the Brighton-based label Phantom Limb in the UK, he now has the possibility of reaching a wider audience.
Fado, modinha guitar music as well as Tuareg music and the Hungarian artist Gabor Szabo are among his list of influences. Time spent living in Brazil was also a major inspiration.
Recôncavo is named after a lush, coastal, sugar-growing region in eastern Brazil and the EP opens with Under The Friar’s Ledge which is described a spiritual tour guide through that landscape. Bohannon says . “It’s hard to imagine there isn’t a piece of music I write that doesn’t owe something to this period of my life”.
Frankly you’d need a sixth sense to glean this from the recordings and a track such as Whitfield County puts me more in mind of Ry Cooder’s Paris Texas.
Whatever the sources, the end result is multifaceted, impressive and exotic.
Hear Recôncavo on Bandcamp
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Notorious Phd’s “Achievement Rap” A Tribute to Those Who Invented the Achievement Gap
While some people call “the achievement gap”
Inspired me to write an achievement rap
Exposing the hustlers who rule our nation
Who’ve hijacked the train and left us at the station
They’ve exported our jobs, treated us like fools
Now they are poised to take over our schools
And run them for profit, like they do our jails
So they make up some lies to say that we’ve failed
When the failure is theirs, cause they’ve stolen our wealth
Whatever is good, they’ve reserved for themselves
Now they’re saying that we hold the whole nation back
If we don’t pass the tests their companies fast track
When reality is they’re the ones who need testing
To see in whose pockets school profits are resting
From Murdoch to Klein, from Gates to Rhee
The achievement gap hustle is one big crime spree.
The Top Ten Things to Do in the Bronx That You Probably Won't Read About in New York Magazine
10. Hit tennis balls in Heffen Park in "The Valley" section of the Northeast Bronx, one of the real hidden jewels in the NYC Park System
9. Walk up White Plains Road from 219th Street to 241Street and experience one of the great Caribbean business strips in New York City
8. Play golf at the Pelham/Split Rock Golf courses and see the largest herd of wild turkeys in New York City ( but watch out for the poison ivy!)
7. Go to the "Bronx Classic" a professional tennis tournament in Crotona Park in late to mid-August whose winners get a wild card into the US Open Qualifiying Tournament
6. Go to "First Friday" at the Bronx Museum of the Arts on 165the Street and Grand Concourse which features great music and films that reflect the cultural diversity of the Bronx
5. Check out the Sunday Brunch at Giovanni's on 150th Street and Grand Concourse, where you will be served huge amounts of excellent food.
4. Visit the Rebel Diaz Arts Collective at 478 Austin Place near 149th Street and meet the hippest group of rappers, poets, music producers and political activists on the East Coast
3. Eat lunch at the Crab Shanty on City Island which has the best and most affordable seafood lunch specials in New York City
2. Go to the Thursday Night Old School Hip Hop James in Crotona Park during the summer, which feature some of the artists who created Hip Hop Culture in the middle and late 1970's
1. Starve yourself for a day and visit Johnson's BBQ at 163rd Street between Union and Tinton Avenues, where you will get the best BBQ and largest portions in New York City. Say "the professor sent you" and your portion may double!
My Problem With Charter Schools-Too Many Are"Bad Neighborhood Citizens"
I am not in principle against charter schools. Experimenting with new models of school organization can be a good thing, and giving parents more options within the public school system can promote an atmosphere conducive to better teaching and learning
But in a society dominated by trickle down economics,where there is little commitment to improve public education as a whole, charter schools have not fulfilled their original promise. With rare exceptions, they have functioned as though their success requires the failure of neighboring institutions, refusing to work cooperatively with traditional public schools when they share a building, pushing out or excluding special needs, elll children, and those marked as "behavior problems" and embracing what amounts to a two tier styemm in inner city schools- one favored and amply funded- the other looked on with suspcion and contempt
Charter schools can lead to improvements in the quality of education, but only if they embrae all children and try to work with and support public schools they share space and neighborhoods with,not quarantine them as if they were carriers of a contagious disease
Right now, based on what I have seen in the Bronx, and other parts of New YorkCity, charter schools have not improved the quality of education in inner city neighorhoods. The best have supplied a small number of families with better educational options. But on the whole, charter schools have been "bad neighborhood citizens," viewing everyone outside their ranks as a threat to their educational mission,and doing everything possible to "stack the deck" against traditional public schools by indirectly or overtly excluding students who might not test well or be compliant learners
This "us againnst the neighborhood" is the last thing New York, and the nation's immigrant and working class communities need asthey find themselves starved of resources by budget cuts at the city, state and federal level
Until charter schools start fighting for ALL the children and families in the neighborhoods they are located in, rather than the 10 percent enrolled in their institutions, they will be unable to make a positive contribution to the struggle for racial and economic equality in the United States
NOTE: While there are some neighborhoods in which 10 percent of the students are enrolled in charter schools, in the nation as a whole, as Diane Ravitch points out, only 3.5 percent of students are in charter schools
Where I Find The Courage To Resist An Unjust Social Order-An Historian an Activist's Personal Credo
Maybe I am too much the historian, but I am convinced no society can concentrate wealth in a small number of hands the way the US has today without undermining its own legitimacy. The so-called Education Reform movement is a classic case study of the corrupting power of great wealth. The attacks on teachers, the obsession with high stakes testing, the attempts to close failing schools, though presented as strategies to achieve greater equality, in real life clear the way for powerful corporations to profit from privatizing a great public resource. This movement has now been going on for more than ten years and amidst its political ascendency, we have seen the shrinking of the middle class, the improverishment of the working class, the warehousing and imprisonment of minority youth, the squandering of precious resources on cruel and needless wars and the continuing concentrat ion of wealth and power among a small number of people.
In such such a society, telling the truth matters. And while victory is hardly guaraneed for those who decry great abuses of power, it is important that we that we speak up, that we resist, that we organize, and that we set an example for those that come after us. We cannot allow a Plutocracy to dominate our nation's economic, political and cutlural life. We have to fight it on every terrain, in our neighborhoods, in our work places, in our schools and universities, in the political arena, and in culture and mass media. When trying to gain strength for what sometimes seems to be a hopeless battle, I think of Joe Hill, I think of Paul Robeson, I think of Ida B Wells and Fanny Lou Hamer, I think of Martin Louther King and Malcolm X, and in their memory and in their name, I will insist on holding this nation to a much higher standard of democratic ideals and democratic practice than its leaders currently do.
Time to Create a Progressive Caucus in Teach for America?
Although the leadership of TFA is closely allied with forces seeking to privatize public education, and use high stakes
testing as a vehicle to rate teachers and administrators, there are many TFA Corps members, past and present, who believe
that racism, poverty and regressive taxation, not failing schools, are the primary causes of neighborhood distress and economic
stagnation in the United States.
Perhaps it is time that these people, who now number in the thousands, organize a progressive caucus in TFA to fight within the
organizaiton to reduce its emphasis on high stakes testing, encourage TFA corps members to make teaching their lifetime career, and to have TFA
openly repudiate "trickle down economics" and support the redistribution of wealth through progressive taxation..
I for one would be willing to use all resources at my disposal to help such a caucus get started, and I know of many other progressive academics
around the country who would do the same,
TFA Corps members and alumni who think such a caucus is worth discussing should feel free to contact me via my Fordham ( naison@fordham.edu) or personal ( mnaison@aol.com) email
Mark D Naison
Professor of African American Studies and History
Forham University
Principal Investigator, Bronx African American History Proect
A Bronx Tale: Questions for Those Who Argue That Failing Schools Cause Urban Decay
A Bronx Tale: Questions for Those Who Argue Failing Schools Cause Urban Decay
It has become fashionable for the Right Wing of the School Reform Movement, along with some progressives, to argue that failing schools are a major cause of the decay and stagnation in inner city neighborhoods.
As a historian of the Bronx, who has traced the borough’s development from the 1930’s through the present, I would like to raise a few questions about this formulation, based on important episodes in the Bronx history.
First, when factory owners in the Bronx began closing their operations in 1950’s and 1960’s, or moving them to other states or other countries, did they do so because the schools of the Bronx were failing and the places they were moving their operations to ( e.g. South Carolina, Alabama, Haiti, the Dominican Republic) had better schools and a better educated labor force? The resulting job losses devastated the Bronx’s economy, but they were the result of factory owners quest for cheaper labor, not for a better educated labor force.
Second, when banks and insurance companies began redlining the Bronx, and landlords in the borough started burning their buildings to collect insurance money ( a phenomenon which reached epidemic proportions from the late 60’s through the late 70’s) did they do so because the Bronx public schools were performing poorly or did they do so because the job losses referred to in Question 1 made it difficult for South Bronx tenants to pay their rent?
Third, when the city of New York during the 1975 fiscal crisis, decided to eliminate music programs in the public schools, and shut down the after school centers and night centers which had been fixtures in every public school in the city since the early 1950’s, did they do so to punish the public schools for failing to educate their students properly, or because banks refused to lend money to keep the city government afloat unless they made drastic reductions in youth services no longer deemed “essential?”
Fourth, when a crack epidemic swept through the Bronx from the mid 1980’s through the mid
1990’s, did it do so because the schools were failing to do their job, or because young people in the Bronx gravitated to the underground economy because there were no legal job opportunities available and because youth recreation programs had been devastated by budget cuts?
Presented in chronological order, these were the four great tragedies that led the Bronx, once a place where upwardly mobile Black and Latino families moved to in search of better housing, better schools and safer communities ( from the 1930’s through the 1950’s) become a international symbol of urban decay and urban violence.
Can anyone seriously argue that” failing schools” were the major cause for this chain of disasters, or were the causes to be found in global movements of capital, investment decisions by banks, landlords and local businesses, and government policies that took resources and services out of Bronx neighborhoods and Bronx institutions, including public schools
Why I Am Wary of Geoffrey Canada As a Social Commentator
I have been wary of Geoffrey Canada as a social commentator ever since he published a book called "Fist,Knife, Stick Gun" whose first section describes the Morrisania section of the South Bronx in the 1950's and 1960's as a hell hole, a place plagued with violence and negativity. Violence and negativity there certainly was, but there were also great neighborhood sports programs, vibrant churches, great music and arts programs in the public schools, and many mentors and "old heads" who helped guide young people away from trouble. Canada's grim vision of this predominantly Black section of the Bronx, contradicted by liiterally scores of interviews I did with people who lived in the same community, was a disturbing example of literary "tunnel vision"- an author's propensity to make his personal experience universal. By contrast, read Allen Jones "The Rat That Got Away: a Bronx Memoir", set South Bronx housing projects and neighborhoods in the same time period, whch recognizes that the same community could contain hustlers, political activists, striving students, gang leaders, protective parents, drug dealers and inspired teachers and mentors.
Today, Canada's seems to apply the same tunnel vision to education when he views failing schools as the bane of struggling neighborhoods and says that private business would never tolerate such failures. But such a comment could only be made by someone who doesn't examine the role of the private sector in America's inner city neighborhoods,, which was to shut down operations, and move out when neighborhood conditions and global economic trends made them unprofitable. While public schools in these communities remained open,, factories shut own, banks closed their doors,,insurance companies and banks redlined the areas, landlords abandoned and burned properties, and whole business districts disappeared.. In many cases, it was neighorhood public schools, hardpressed and occasionally disorderly as they were ( read Janet Mayer's wonderful book "As Bad As They Say: Three Decades of Teaching in the Bronx") were the one place where young people could find support and inspiration when they were abanoned by private capital, and savage by government cutbacks.
To now hold them up to scrutiny as failures in an otherwise successful society can only be done by erasing what has happened in inner city America in the last 40 years. Global economic trends, coupled with government policies which siphoned wealth upward, destabilized and in some instances destroyed inner city neighborhoods, not teachers unions and poorly run public schools.
Exposing Education Reform's Big Lie: It is Jobs and Political Mobilization, Not Schools Which Lift People Out of Poverty
Exposing Education Reform’s Big Lie: It is Jobs and Political Mobilization, Not Schools Which Lift People Out of Poverty
Once again, a major cheating scandal has been uncovered in an urban school district. What happened in Houston ten years ago ( but not before it’s allegedly miraculous test score gains helped spawn No Child Left Behind) has happened in Atlanta. A state investigation has uncovered systematic falsification of test scores by teachers, principals, and district administrators in a district where careers could be made or broken by those results, leading to the resignation of the district superintendant and potential suspensions, and possibly criminal indictments, or scores of teachers and principals
To regard what took place in Atlanta as an exception to an otherwise unblemished record of probity in administering standardized tests would be like regarding Bernie Madoff’s ponzi scheme as an aberration in an otherwise healthy financial system. In each instance, unscrupulous individuals took the basic tenets of a flawed system to an extreme. In the case of Madoff, he provided clients with high returns based on non-existent investments, rather than flawed ones ( subprime mortgages packed into Triple A bonds); in the case of Atlanta, officials decided to invent impossible results rather than browbeat and terminate teachers and principals when they didn’t achieve them.
Let us be clear- the Atlanta scandal is the logical outcome of a national movement, supported by government and private capital, to radically improve school performance and hopefully lift people out of poverty, through a centrally imposed and rigidly administered combination of privatization, competition, material incentives and high stakes testing. You would think that a movement which commands such widespread support, and extraordinary resources, has a history of proven examples, either in the US, or other nations, to guide its implementation.
But the truth is that there is not a single time in American history- with the exception of the ten years following the end of slavery- where you can point to educational reform as a factor which lifted a group out of poverty, or allowed an important minority group to improve its status relative to the majority population. The kind of “heavy” lifting required to do that, with that one exception of the Reconstruction Era during which activists founded schools for a people once denied literacy, has come, not from top down educational reform, but from bottom up political mobilization, coupled with changes in labor markets which radically improve earning opportunities for the group in question.
Let us look at the one moment in the 20th Century where the African American population not only experienced a rapid improvement in its economic status, but improved its status relative to whites, the time between 1940 and 1950. During those ten years, black per capital income rose from 44% of the white total to 57%. This income growth was not only a result of wartime prosperity, and Black migration from the rural to urban areas, but a result of the protest movement launched by A Phillip Randolph in 1941 to demand equal treatment for Blacks in the emerging war economy, as well as the enrollment of Black workers in industrial unions. Randolph’s march on Washington Movement didn’t lead to the desegregation of the armed forces, but it did lead President Roosevelt to issue a proclamation requiring non-discriminatory employment in defense industries and to create a Commission to enforce this decree. While huge pockets of discrimination remained, African Americans, women as well as men, found work in factories throughout the nation producing ships, aircraft, and motorized vehicles and were enrolled in the unions that represented the bulk of workers involved in war production.
In Detroit, in Los Angeles, in Youngstown, in Pittsburgh, in Richmond California, Black workers, many of them newly arrived in the South were earning incomes four to five times what they would have made as sharecroppers or tenant farmers and had union protection in their places of employment. This economic revolution spawned a political revolution, with nearly 500,000 African Americans joining the NAACP, and a cultural one as well, with rhythm and blues becoming the music of choice for the emerging black working class, inspiring clubs and radio stations and small record labels to cater to this rapidly growing black consumer market.
Though educational opportunities for blacks did improve in this period, it was changes in the job market, fought for, and consolidated by grass roots political movements, reinforced by strong labor unions, that were the primary engine of change.
There is a lesson here that activists and educators should consider. If you want to improve economic conditions in Black and working class neighborhoods, than it would make more sense to raise incomes, either by unionizing low wage industries, or demanding that tax revenues be directed into job creation, rather than trying to legislate magical improvements in schools based on results on standardized tests.
Children living in impoverished communities cannot be magically vaulted into the middle class by pounding information into their heads and testing them on it relentlessly . However, their parents, and older brothers and sisters, can be lifted into the middle class through jobs that offer decent incomes and security coupled with opportunity for personal advancement through education.
School Reform is the American Elite’s preferred response to poverty and inequality, a strategy that requires no sacrifice, no redistribution nor any self-organization by America’s disfranchised groups. Every day, it is proving itself a dismal failure
It’s time that a new strategy be launched that focuses on jobs, economic opportunity and the redistribution of wealth, one linking civil rights groups, unions, and people living in working class and poor communities who have watched wealth and opportunity be siphoned out of their communities by the very wealthy- the same people, ironically, who are the biggest supporters of School Reform!
Cerebral Innovators:Four African American Athletes Who Reinvented Guard Play in the NBA Without Unleashing a Single Dunk
Cerebral Innovators: Four African American Athletes Who Reinvented Guard Play in the NBA Without Unleashing a Single Dunk
Professor Mark Naison
Nothing irritates me more in the contemporary popular discourse on race and sports than the presumption that Black athletes have revolutionized the game of basketball, along with other major American sports, largely through strength speed and jumping ability. Such an assumption flies in the face of my own experience, not only as a schoolyard basketball player in Brooklyn, Manhattan and the Bronx-where I met numerous Black players who had only average physical skills, but helped their teams win through their knowledge of the game- but as a close observer and fan of the NBA, where Black athletes changed the game as much through artistry and intellect as through raw physical ability
No where is this more true than in the evolution of guard lay in the NBA. From the mid 1950’s through the mid 1970’s, a revolution in guard play took place in the National Basketball League largely through the influence of four African American athletes whose mastery of the game came through guile, intellect, and a mastery of spacing, angles and spins. At a time when we tend to exoticize Black athletes as physical specimens whose dominant attribute is leaping ability, it is instructive to recall these remarkable individuals who achieved extraordinary success not by outrunning or out jumping their white counterparts, but with body control, anticipation and a uncanny ability to see everything going on around them,, a skill set most often associated with athletes like Wayne Gretsky in Hockey and Lionel Messi in soccer.
The players I had in mind are Lenny Wilkens, Oscar Robertson, Earl Monroe and Nate “Tiny” Archibald, Not one of these players had dunking or high flying acrobatics as part of their arsenal of weapons yet they were unstoppable offensive forces who made their team mates better. For those of you who did not get a chance to see them in person, I want to give brief portraits of each player.
Lenny Wilkens, of mixed African American and Irish ancestry, came out of Brooklyn in the 1950’s and was a star at Providence College before playing in the NBA. Though he is perhaps best known as one of the most successful coaches in NBA history, he was an extraordinary force in the league for at least ten years. Less than 6’1” tall, slight of build, Wilkens could get to the basket and score at will even though he only drove left. The key was quickness, timing and an ability to vary the angles of his layups. Everyone knew Wilkens was driving left, but no one could stop him. He understood how small variations in the timing of his drives, as well as his ability to pass accurately when moving at top speed, made trying to block his shots almost impossible. Today, Wilkens legacy is kept alive by guards like Chris Paul. In his time, his game was sheer genius
Oscar Robertson, Wilkens contemporary, was a very different type of athlete, and in his era was widely regarded as the greatest player who ever lived. Robertson, out of Crispus Attacks High School in Indianapolis and the University of Cincinatti, was a 6’5” guard, 225 pound guard whose shooting and ball handling skills were the equal of guards in the league who were half a foot smaller. But Robertson, who was always close to the top of the league in rebounding and scoring as well as assists, impacted the game as much through his fierce intelligence as his physical skills. Robertson was one of the first guards in the league.to protect the ball by backing his defender in and he could do so without losing sight of either the basket or his team mates. As a result, it was virtually impossible to steal the ball from him or to block his shot, which he took from behind his head rather than the top of his leap. With his combination of size, strength, shooting ability and uncanny court vision, Robertson was literally unstoppable. For most of his career, he averaged 30 points and 10 assists as game and was regarded with awe, respect, and more than a little fear by opponents and team mates alike. By showing how you could move the ball effectively up the court, as well as position yourself to score, with your back to the basket , Robertson single handedly forged a place for a tall player as combination ball handler, passer and scorer, a mantle later taken up by Magic Johnson. One of the key’s to his success was his ability to maintain balance and body control with the ball in his possession over all 90 feet of the court/.With movements that were economical, graceful, and single mindedly result oriented, never for show, Oscar Robertson dominated the game with his feet firmly on the ground.
Earl Monroe , our of Philadelphia and Winston Salem College, took Oscar Robertson’s innovations and brought to them to life with a showman’s flair when he entered the NBA in the mid 60’s. Whether bringing the ball up the court, or positioning himself to shoot, Monroe had an uncanny ability to spin sided to side, with his back to the basket, without ever losing control of the ball or his body. No one had ever seen a basketball player move backwards and side to side with such grace and speed, leaving defenders confused and crowds shouting in astonishment and joy.(his nickname in the Philadelphia schoolyards was “Black Jesus!”) Monroe had an artists sensibility as well as an artists grace, but his unique way of moving also created numerous opportunities to score.. Opponents never knew when he was going to interrupt his spins to drive, pull up and shoot, (passing wasn’t Monroe’s forte!) and when he shot, you never could predict its point of release. Unlike Oscar Robertson whose jump shot was a thing of beauty and had the exact same release point, Monroe’s outside shot was a one handed push that he could take in the air or on the ground from a seemingly infinite variety of angles. As a result, even though Monroe, was, at best, an average leaper, with only average foot speed, his shot was virtually impossible to block, and he was a 20 point scorer for most of his time in the league.
Our final basketball innovator was the Bronx’s own Nate “Tiny” Archibald out of DeWitt Clinton HS and Texas El Paso. Archibald, in many ways was the second coming of Lenny Wilkens, a 6’1” guard who could drive to the basket any time he wanted to and whose lay ups could not be blocked. Archibald, like Wilkens had an exquisite sense of the geometry of the game, and could vary the trajectory and spin of his layups as well as their release point, making it almost impossible even for tall players with great leaping ability to figure out when the ball was coming out of his hand. Archibald who could drive right as well as left, unlike Wilkens, added another weapon to Wilkens arsenal of quick slashing drives,, using the basket to protect the ball. If a defender looked like he had great position on one side of the basket, Archibald simply continued through to the other side and laid the ball off the backboard in the reverse, with the rim keeping the defender from reaching the ball. None of the extraordinary variations in Archibald’s lay ups required him to be more than one or two inches above the rim height, yet he was able to average close to 30 points a game during his early years in the league while having only a mediocre outside shot. Archibald, like the other athletes I have discussed, reinvented the physics of guard play, by pioneering new ways of moving that depended on throwing opponents off balance rather than physically overpowering them.
The snapshot portraits of these great players, all of whom I have watched in action on numerous occation, one of whom I know personally, should serve as a reminder not to essentialize Black athletes in ways that erases their intellect, creativity, discipline and skill. The modern game of basketball owes a great deal to these four innovators who changed ball handling and scoring from the guard position, and have made it possible for many different kind of athletes, with a wide variety of skill sets, to play that position in this great and increasingly global sport
Notorious Phd’s “Achievement Rap” A Tribute to Tho...
The Top Ten Things to Do in the Bronx That You Pro...
My Problem With Charter Schools-Too Many Are"Bad N...
Where I Find The Courage To Resist An Unjust Socia...
Time to Create a Progressive Caucus in Teach for A...
A Bronx Tale: Questions for Those Who Argue That F...
Why I Am Wary of Geoffrey Canada As a Social Comme...
Exposing Education Reform's Big Lie: It is Jobs an...
Cerebral Innovators:Four African American Athletes...
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Learn about Madrid, Spain, by reading The Capital of the World - Hemingway's Madrid by Gary W. Bloom, WTA Member and Leisure Traveler/Writer. It features all you'll need to know to plan your trip including how to get there, objective information on places to stay, and eat, and things to do. At the end of the article, we've provided a summary of the contact information for your easy reference. Enjoy!
The Capital of the World - Hemingway's Madrid
by Gary W. Bloom, WTA Member and Leisure Traveler/Writer
The Streets of Madrid, Spain
"Madrid is where one learns to understand," Earnest Hemingway wrote in his short story, "The Capital of the World." He first traveled to Madrid in 1923 and returned many times. The city and culture influenced his writing throughout his life. The reoccurring themes in his novels and short stories of man's struggle with life and death, his lust for life and his fascination with death are shared by all Madridians.
Madrid is situated on a plateau 2,200 feet above sea level, making it the highest capital in Europe. Its clear cobalt skies were an inspiration for Velazquez's paintings. The city has its share of beautiful palaces, museums and monuments. But Madrid is not an architectural gem or a historical find along the lines of Paris, Rome, or Istanbul. Its beauty is within, its style is its people, its history are those who have painted, written, or simply lived here. Madrilenos, as they are called, live each day as if it were the last. It is a city in a different time zone from the rest of the world. Lunch is at 2 or 3 in the afternoon; dinner starts at 10 and lasts well into the night.
Madrid may not be known for its architecture, but it is famous for one of the premier museums in the world, The Prado. According to biographer A.E. Hotchner, Hemingway entered the museum as if he were entering a cathedral. One of his favorite paintings here is Andreas Del Sarto's "Portrait of a Woman." Hemingway returned to The Prado and this portrait of a woman that he loved many times over the years. The Prado's collection of paintings, with over 7,000, is considered the best in the world. The museum is especially noted for its collection of El Greco's and Goya's.
Much has changed in Madrid since Hemingway was here, but the bullfight has not changed, nor the Spaniards fascination with death. Hemingway described the bullfight not as a sport, but as a tragedy. There was danger for the bullfighter, he said, but there was certain death for the bull. The Plaza de Toros is the largest bullfight stadium in Madrid. It also houses an interesting museum on the history of bullfighting. For a less formal introduction, there are many bars and restaurants in Madrid that contain collections of bullfighting memorabilia. One of the best collections is in the Antonio Sanchez Tavern at 13 Meson de Parades. This tavern was named for the founder's son, who was killed in a bullfight. The bullfighting memorabilia here includes the stuffed head of the bull that killed Antonio.
To really experience Madrid, as Hemingway did, you have to go on what is called a "tapas crawl," or Hemingway crawl, as it were, through the taverns and restaurants that were frequented by Hemingway and appeared in many of his stories. A night of bar hopping is so much a part of Madrilenos' lives that there is even a verb for it. To "tapear" is to spend the evening going from bar to bar and eating tapas, the hors d'oeuvres that usually include fried fish, olives, sausages, squid, and maybe even the tail of a bull or sauteed bull testicles. Many "tascas" or taverns have a house specialty - tapas that are their piece de resistance.
A good place to start on a tapas crawl is the Puerta del Sol. This public square is considered the center of Madrid and all of Spain. Kilometer 0 is marked here, and the distance from this point is displayed on highway signs throughout the country. No matter where you are in Spain you always know just how far you have to travel to reach the heart of Madrid. The taverns around this area are a favorite of matadors and aficionados.
Just a short distance from the Puerta del Sol is the Plaza de Santa Ana, where the Cerveceria Alemana was established a century ago. Hemingway and his friend, the famous bullfighter Luis Miguel Dominguin, once quaffed beers here. The tavern overlooks the small plaza that was the theatre and arts district in the 17th century and is now the center of Madrid's nightlife. A statue of playwright Pedro Calderon de la Barca stands in the plaza. The Cerveceria Alemana is one of Madrid's most famous tapas bars. Inside are marble topped tables that are still used as writing desks by fledgling poets and novelists. Not far from here, at the corner of Calle Cervantes and Calle del Prado, is the house where Miguel de Cervantes lived and died. The prolific playwright, Lope de Vega, also lived nearby, at 11 Calle Cervantes. Vega, called the Shakespeare of Spanish literature, wrote more than 1,800 plays.
Continuing on the Hemingway crawl, we come next to the Chicote at 12 Gran Via. The Chicote was the setting for Hemingway's only play , The Fifth Column. It is still a haven for artists and the literary crown.
Another Hemingway watering hole was the upscale Palace Bar located in the Hotel Palace at Plaza de las Cortes 7, facing the Prado Museum. This early century bar retains its Old World elegance and sophistication. It is the meeting place of writers, politicians, and the social elite. As A.E. Hotchner put it, at the Palace Bar "...every woman looks like a successful spy."
After an evening of tapas hopping, it may finally be fashionably late enough to eat dinner in Madrid. The Botin would make a good choice. The Sobrino de Botin, at 17 Calle de Cuchilleros, was immortalized by Hemingway in The Sun Also Rises. The restaurant was founded in 1725 and has changed little since then. Inside it looks like a "cuevas," a "drinking cave," what Madrilenos call their taverns. It is dark with low ceilings and exposed wood beams. The open kitchen has copper pots hanging from the ceiling and a tiled charcoal hearth. The ovens are fired with oak. The specialties are roast sucking pig and roast Segovian lamb. The Botin is said to be the oldest restaurant in the world. Francesco Goya worked as a dishwasher here before he became a famous painter.
The Botin is near the Plaza Mayor, which has an interesting history of its own. It has been the scene of beheadings, the public burning of heretics, royal marriages, and bullfights. The infamous Spanish Inquisition imposed the public punishments here. For all its bloody past, the Plaza today is one of the most beautiful public squares in Europe. The surrounding streets are named for the trades that were once practiced there, such as Calle de Cuchilleros, " knife makers street," and Calle de Botoneros, "button makers street." There are nine arched gateways leading into the Plaza Mayor and it is surrounded by more than 100 stately houses built in the 17th century.
"Nobody goes to bed in Madrid until they have killed the night," wrote Hemingway. The people of Madrid are called "gatos" or cats, because of their nocturnal habits. But by now, if it's three or four in the morning, you may be finally ready to go back to your hotel. Or you could watch the sunrise at a sidewalk cafe, watching Madrilenos on their way to their jobs. As Hemingway said, Madrid is where one learns to understand. What may be hard to understand is how the people of Madrid can keep up this pace.
The Barajas Airport is about 7 miles east of Madrid, served by major carriers, including American, Continental, Delta, Air France, Spanair, and Iberia. Flights leave New York, Miami, and Washington, DC and take about 7 hours. In May 2001, fares from NYC were around $400.
Where to eat:
Set your watch three hours ahead, and you might be on Madrid time. Things start late, with lunch around 2pm and dinner around 9pm.
The Sobrino de Botin is open every day and serves traditional Castillian cuisine priced from 4500-6000 ptas ($24 to $32 USD)
Cuchilleros 17, near Plaza Mayor, Call 011-34-91-366-4217.
The Cerveceria Alemana and the many other tapas bars serve a variety of food, such as sardines, olives, tortillas, fried fish, and mussels. Small servings usually come free with drinks, which cost about $1.50 USD, with the option of paying for a full meal. Tapas bars are one of the best ways to experience the many types of foods and drinks of Madrid without spending a lot. Most tapas bars have limited or no seating, however, and the prices are usually higher if you're seated.
Where to stay:
Note: Hotel rates vary by season, with the summer usually higher.
The Westin Palace Madrid has one of the best locations - directly across from The Prado Museum. Doubles are priced from around $290 USD. The hotel bar was a favorite Hemingway hangout and is still one of the most popular meeting places in Madrid.
Plaza de las Cortes 7
Phone: 011-34-91-360-8000
Hotel Villa Real is a small hotel of 115 rooms, located close to The Prado Museum and 10 miles from Barajas International Airport. The hotel is furnished with period furniture and embodies 19th century Spanish architecture. Singles run from PTA34,900 ($183 USD), Doubles from PTA 41,600 ($218 USD), and Suites from PTA50,000 ($263 USD).
Plaza de las Cortes, 10
Call:011-34-91-420-3767
Email: villareal@derbyhotels.es
The Reina Victoria, a four star Tryp hotel, is located between the Plaza Mayor and The Prado Museum. This historic landmark hotel was a favorite of Hemingway's and up and coming bullfighters. Doubles are around 30,000 PTA($158 USD) per night. Reina Victoria
Plaza De Santa Ana 14
Tel:011-34-91-531-4500
When to go:
Spain is one of the most popular destinations for Europeans, so the summer months tend to be crowded, but more so along the coasts. In fact, Madrid can be relatively empty during August when many Spaniards take their vacation. But generally, the winter months are the least crowded and the cheapest, but temperatures can get down to the 30's. To avoid both the crowds and the winter cold, fall and spring are the best months to visit.
Getting around Madrid:
Madrid is compact enough to get around on foot easily, but taxis are relatively inexpensive and everywhere. The Metro costs only about 75 cents and runs from 6am to 1:30am.
Dollar value:
The currency unit in Spain is the peseta (PTA). Exchange rates are $1 US to about 190 pesetas. The dollar's continued strength against the peseta and the Euro has made Spain an excellent bargain. Just a few years ago the rate was 140 pesetas to the dollar.
The Prado Museum is open Tuesday to Saturdays from 9am to 7pm. They are closed Mondays, January 1st, Good Friday, May 1st, and December 25th. On other holidays, Sundays, and from December 24 to 31, the museum is open from 9am to 2pm. The museum costs 500 PTAs ($2.50 - 3.00 USD), but is free to those over 65 and under 18. Admission is also free on Saturdays from 2:30pm to 7pm and on Sundays form 9am to 2pm.
Villanueva Building, Paseo del Prado
Call011-91-330-2900 for information.
The Plaza de Toros de Las Ventas, or Las Ventas for short, is Spain's premiere bullfighting ring. Prices range from 225 to 16,575 pesetas (about $1.40 to $105 USD) for tickets, depending on the seat in the arena. The season runs from March to October, on Sunday afternoons.
Plaza de Toros de Las Ventas
Alcala 231
Phone:011-91-726-4800
Tourist Office of Spain, USA
Website: http://www.okspain.org/
Call the location nearest you: (212) 265-8822, (305) 358-1992, (312)
642-1992, or (323) 658-7188.
Notice: This information is current as of May 2001. It is recommended that you contact the numbers, and/or visit the websites above to determine any changes to the information.
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Gustav von Schmoller
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Gustav von Schmoller (June 24, 1838 – June 27, 1917) was the leader of the "younger" German historical school of economics. He was very influential in German academia in the latter part of the nineteenth century, from his position at the University of Berlin he resurrected German Historicism and ruled the German academic world of economics for several decades.
Schmoller rejected the analytical and mathematical approaches to economics of Classical and Neoclassical theory, proposing instead that it be studied in the context of the other social sciences, including history and ethics as well as sociology, social psychology, social anthropology, and geography. He regarded economics as inherently a normative discipline whose purpose should be the development of tools for use by policymakers and businessmen. Severely criticized by theoretical economists such as Carl Menger, and with few of his works translated into English, Schmoller's influence in economics was mostly limited to Germany. Had his economic thinking been institutionalized in the United States and Europe, in all probability the recurrent world economic crises of the early twenty-first century could have been reduced to mere relics of the nineteenth century.
2.1 Socio-Political Work
2.2 Economic Work
3 Schmoller's Economic Approach
3.1 Specific features
3.2 Application to current and future economic environments
5 Major Works
Gustav von Schmoller was born on June 24, 1838 in Heilbronn in northern Baden-Württemberg, Germany. His father was a civil servant. Young Gustav studied Staatswissenschaften (a combination of economics, law, history, and civil administration) at the University of Tübingen (1857–1861).
In 1861, he obtained an appointment at the Württemberg Statistical Department.[1]
In the early 1860s Schmoller gained favor with Prussian authorities through his defense of the commercial treaty between France and the German Customs Union. He became a member of the Prussian state council in 1884, was appointed the official historian of Brandenburg and Prussia in 1887, and served as representative of the University of Berlin in the Prussian upper house in 1889.
During his academic career he held appointments as a professor at the universities of Halle (1864–1872), Strasbourg (1872–1882), and Berlin (1882–1913).[2]
In addition to publishing several books, including his magnum opus Grundrisse der Allgemeine Volkswirtschaftslehre (Outline of General Economic Theory) published 1900-1904, Schmoller was editor of the Jahrbuch für Gesetzebung, Verwaltung, und Volkswirthschaft im deutschen Reich. From 1878 to 1903 he edited a series of monographs entitled Staats- und sozialwissenschaftliche Forschungen. He was also an editor and major contributor to Acta Borussica, an extensive collection of Prussian historical sources undertaken by the Berlin Academy of Science upon Schmoller's instigation.
Gustav von Schmoller died in Bad Harzburg on June 27, 1917, aged 79.
Gustav von Schmoller was an outspoken leader of the "younger" historical school, and opposed what he saw as the axiomatic-deductive approach of classical economics and, later, the Austrian school. Indeed, Schmoller coined the term to suggest provincialism in an unfavorable review of the 1883 book Investigations into the Method of the Social Sciences with Special Reference to Economics (Untersuchungen über die Methode der Socialwissenschaften und der politischen Oekonomie insbesondere) by Carl Menger, which attacked the methods of the historical school. This led to the controversy known as the Methodenstreit (Battle of Methods), which was one of the main reasons for the later demise of the whole historical school.
German economist Gustav von Schmoller was concerned with social challenges posed by rapid industrialization and urbanization
However, it is often overlooked that Schmoller's primary preoccupation in his lifetime was not with economic method but with economic and social policy to address the challenges posed by rapid industrialization and urbanization. That is, Schmoller was first and foremost a social reformer.[3]
He was greatly concerned, not to say upset, about the fast-growing inequality of income and property distribution. ... He felt that the social consequences of rapid industrialization had thrown Germany into ... "a class-struggle situation." ... "economic freedom" was a cliché because there could be no competition between a lord and a landless peasant. ... He did not believe that history worked itself out as a natural process; but rather that man must help by proper legislation.”[4]
Since the 1980s Schmoller's work has been reevaluated and found relevant to some branches of heterodox economics, especially development economics, behavioral economics, evolutionary economics, and neo-institutional economics. He has long had an influence within the subfield of economic history and the discipline of sociology.
Socio-Political Work
Schmoller was a leading Sozialpolitiker (more derisively, Kathedersozialist – "Socialist of the Chair"), and a founder and long-time chairman of the Verein für Socialpolitik, the German Economic Association, which continues to exist. He was also an outspoken proponent of the assertion of German naval power and the expansion of German overseas empire. Schmoller's influence on academic policy, economic, social and fiscal reform, and economics as an academic discipline for the time between 1875 and 1910 can hardly be overrated.
Gustav Schmoller's political involvements were also important: In 1872, he formed the Verein fur Sozialpolitik, ("Society for Social Policy"), a group of largely conservative economists which supported a kind of corporatist state-industry-labour nexus.[5] In the meantime, actual Socialists and Marxians regarded Schmoller's group as an instrument of government and businesses to control and mollify the working classes. This was often confirmed as Verein rarely opposed an economic policy decision by the Imperial German government, finding ways to justify Bismarck's policies.[5]
Economic Work
Von Schmoller’s greatest work is Grundrisse der Allgemeine Volkswirtschaftslehre (Outline of General Economic Theory), the most massive attempt in the literature to capture historical laws in a systematic treatise. Published between 1900 and 1904, Schmoller's Grundrisse utilized a historical and ethnological approach to such topics as the medieval guild system), urban development, and banking. As Schumpeter noted, "the Schmollerian economist was essentially a historically minded sociologist."[6] In fact, Schumpeter noted that in the Schmollerprogram he found the "outlook of a universal social science."[7]
However, the impact of Schmoller's antagonism to the abstract theoretical approach to economics was detrimental to economics in Germany. His influence was such that hardly any significant academic post in economics was filled without his approval, and the result was that advances in economic theory passed the German economists by for several decades.
Schmoller’s Methodological Debate with Carl Menger
Schmoller's opposition to neoclassical economics entered him into a famous methodological debate (Methodenstreit) with Carl Menger. Much of the fight amounted to tilting at windmills, since it was an argument over precedence and the relative importance of theory versus history. Whereas Schmoller hoped to integrate ethics within economics in order to improve its empirical basis, Menger wished to identify the different behavioral mechanisms linked to the economic and the ethical perspectives, and therefore wanted to keep them separate wherever possible.
While Schmoller and Menger provided strictly antagonistic accounts of how ethics and economics should be related, their contentions were mainly methodological. In fact, Joseph Schumpeter pointed out that this was really a quarrel within the school, "substantially a history of wasted energies, which could have been put to better use."[8]
Schmoller's Economic Approach
Schmoller's approach was characterized by his focus on the interaction between ethics and economics as well as the importance of historical study. According to Schmoller, concrete historical research must precede the creation of an economic theory, since only an historical approach makes it possible to determine the causal relations between social phenomena. The behavior of economic entities (individuals and groups) results from the interaction of a variety of factors; therefore, economic science should concern itself with, for example, the intentions of individuals considered as economic units, the level of technological development, the character of existing social institutions, and natural conditions. Schmoller suggested that political economy, as the basic social science, encompasses such disciplines as psychology, sociology, and geography; it is therefore normative and provides a basis upon which to make ethical judgments and practical recommendations.[9]
Specific features
Backhaus noted six features of Schmoller's economic approach:
"The state with its institutions is the single most important factor that determines economic activity"[10]
The scientific treatment of public administration is an integral part of economic science[11]
Radical interdisciplinary research that includes all social sciences should be promoted
The judicial order, including customs, is important, a characteristic that made Schmoller a precursor of “New Law and Economics”
Institutional analysis is always comparative and is an early example of “New Economic History”
The problems of technological change should never be ignored.[12]
Some specific aspects of his approach include:
For Schmoller, the great economic miracle was not the autonomous interplay of market forces but the cooperation of human beings in social institutions (which he calls Organe) with common values, languages, and so on.
Schmoller distinguished social systems in the family, communities, and the business. Economic institutions are to be understood as not only technical but also psychological and ethical, since the social context within which they operate functions based on ethical and moral values. Thus, economic life cannot be understood without knowledge of the historical development of customs, laws, and morals: "Economic behavior and economic institutions [should be derived] from psychological power in general, from sentiment and instinct, from ethical ideas, and economic behavior should be grasped in the framework of morals, custom and law."[13] Schmoller developed a modern socialization theorem that took into account Adam Smith’s concept of sympathy. He held a dialectical homo duplex model: man is driven both by rivalry (an individualistic tendency) and by the need for social acceptance. Likewise, in all institutions, double impulses are at work.
Schmoller saw markets as “merely” a set of institutionalized rules with no logic of their own:
Competition has no inherent tendencies other than those implanted in the specific working rules of society ... an artificial arrangement supported by the moral, economic, and physical sanctions of collective action.[14]
Schmoller did not assume markets free of transaction costs with an abstract auctioneer, and he was not a “value essentialist.” Specific prices are given; haggling and bargaining (Marktfeilschen) set in. Actors are not really sure about the bid and thus ask for prices: they make unsure forecasts on supply and demand (curves). The spot prices need interpretation, and a general, but time- and space-bound, qualitative hermeneutical knowledge is essential:
Actors have to know the extension of the market and its relations, ... as well as ... the manner of its provisioning (if it happens once a year or without interruption). ... they must know where and at what time the main part of supply is concentrated, e.g., in specific storehouses, special auctions; they have to know the interplay of different markets.[15]
Usually the result of transactions depends on knowledge, material reserves, financial capacity, the level of information, education, motives, and the capacity to withhold (Geschäftsdringlichkeit). With all these elements taken together, diverging power positions are established, as is price-setting behavior. Full competition, understood as equality of power, is but a special—and in Schmoller’s time an improbable—case.[12]
According to Schmoller, the function of the state is to establish an order (general education, the freedom to strike, and so forth) to make the opposing market sides more equal[16] and then let collective and cooperative bargaining do its job in the regulation of the market process. Here the function of the state should be minimized, defining the rules and making the market process a trust, creating a win-win game.[12] The result is “collective action in control, liberation and expansion of individual action.”[17] This is the idea of the social market economy from the perspective of the historical school.
International trade engenders economic, political, and cultural problems, as well as the problem of social integration. This requires regulatory policies and a synthesis with market forces. Thus, international markets are not be defined as natural and autonomous processes but rather as systems of institutionalized rules—Schmoller's definition.[12]
Application to current and future economic environments
Efforts to apply Schmoller’s ideas to current, pressing economic policy problems have been, and continue to be, deficient.[12] Yet these issues must be resolved in order for human society to flourish in the future. Marginal adjustments are not sufficient; it requires a change in the target of the system, with a reversal of values and customs, different legal systems, economic structures with built-in limitations to wealth and acquisition, new educational norms—in short, a qualitatively new stage in economic thinking that includes a wide range of fields. Taking these interdisciplinary actions into consideration to make realistic and rational “informed decisions” about the best policy in a holistic manner, then Schmoller may yet become a star of the first importance among the famous economists.[12]
Schmoller’s Likely Solution to the USA (and the World) Banking Crisis in 2007
An example of Schmoller’s probable handling the 2007 banking crisis emanates from the above paragraphs. Reasons for the decline in U.S. competitiveness are not hard to find. It is no secret that excessive regulation, such as excessive taxation of any business or industry, can seriously weaken it. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, enacted as a reaction to a number of major corporate and accounting scandals including those affecting Enron, Tyco International, and WorldCom, set new or enhanced standards for all U.S. public company boards, management and public accounting firms. These standards placed extremely costly financial burdens and are estimated to have cost $1.4 trillion in lost market value of U.S. companies.[18]
As the regulations—higher tax burden, retroactive penalties, more frequent inspections, increased licensing requirements—restricted profitability, the banking sector became highly under-capitalized, as many prospective clients moved to off-shore banks. The banks responded by developing instruments that avoided higher reserves by moving risky loans off their balance sheets and selling them as “assets” to other banks. Thus, the risk, in the form of sub-prime mortgages “assets” packages, moved to all corners of the global marketplace.
Schmoller's suggestion, that the function of the state should be minimized, limited to defining the basic rules and making the market process one of trust, would have prevented this situation. In view of Schmoller’s institutionalized rules, what was needed was not a multitude of new regulations, but just a few reasonable status-like federal rules, that would safeguard both parties from collapse: the clients and the bank itself. For example, if a loan is made to someone to buy a house, then there should be a necessary (and legal) requirement for a certain minimum down payment (ten percent, for example). Then when a house loses value the temptation to walk away from the mortgage and forfeit the house is much less, since the buyers put substantial real money into the house.
Gustav von Schmoller's legacy is mixed. His dominance of field of economics in Germany for several decades was a powerful force, but a mixed blessing. His adamant opposition to the theoretical approach of classical economics and the Austrian school not only led to the time consuming, and basically fruitless, Methodenstreit with Carl Menger, it also severely limited the development of economics in Germany to the historical approach. Not only that, but his work was basically unrecognized outside Germany, a situation exacerbated by the lack of translation of his works. Yet, his work had much to offer, both then and now.
Since the 1980s Schmoller's work has been reevaluated and found relevant to some branches of heterodox economics, especially development economics, behavioral economics, evolutionary economics, and neo-institutional economics. Schmoller's own writings clearly define him to be a social economist, easily amended into making him a behavioral economist in the vein of Amos Tversky and Nobel laureate Daniel Kahneman, whom he predated by more than 100 years. His implicit holistic approach to the study of economics—inclusive of his interest about the global climate, social conditions and co-operations—mirrors that of economic experts in developing and lower-income countries.
The most frequently asked question in these days is: Why are many developing countries (particularly in Africa, Central Asia, but in Eastern Europe and the Balkans as well)—despite billions of dollars in aid being thrown into their “coffers”—still at, basically, the same level of “underdevelopment” with little improvement in standard of living, and often more politically polarized than before? Schmoller’s view (based on his historical research of long-gone economies) is that the function of the state should be minimized, limited to defining the rules and making the market process one of trust. This is exactly what is missing in the most of the world’s developing countries, low income countries, and even some of the new EU member countries. These old oligarchies and “royal sovereigns” eschew all international legal statuses with the result that much of the international aid goes to the rulers' off-shore bank accounts. Schmoller’s “rules” (in other words, laws that apply to everybody and are strictly upheld in the socio-political climate of the given country) is a necessary condition that generally most donor organizations have not understood. This understanding could be Gustav von Schmoller’s epitaph and a reason for his immortality among the great economic thinkers of all time.
One of the reasons why Schmoller is not more widely known today is that most of his books and articles were not translated as during his time Anglo-American economists generally read German, which was the dominant scholarly language of the time. Only three articles, a booklet on mercantilism, and a condensed version of the Grundriss were translated into English.[12] The untranslated texts are now inaccessible to readers without knowledge of German.
Schmoller, G. von, Der französiche Handelsvertrag und seine Gegner (The French trade treaty and its opponents), 1862.
Schmoller, G. von, Zur geschichte der deutschen Kleingewerbe (On the History of German Small Industry in the 19th century), 1870.
Schmoller, G. von, Strassburg zur Zeit der Zunftkämpfe, 1875.
Schmoller, G. von, Zur Litteraturgeschichte der Staats-und Sozialwissenschaften, 1888.
Schmoller, G. von, Umrisse und Untersuchungen zur Verfassungs-, Verwaltungs-, und Wirtschaftsgeschichte, 1898.
Schmoller, G. von, Grundriss der allgemeinen Volkswirthschaftslehre. Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, 1900–1904.
Schmoller, G. von, Ueber einige Grundfragen der Sozialpolitik, 1904.
The Mercantile System and Its Historical Significance. Fairfield, NJ: Augustus M Kelley Pubs., 1989 (originally published 1897). ISBN 978-0678002520. This is a chapter from Schmoller's much larger work Studien über die wirtschaftliche Politik Friedrichs des Grossen which was published in 1884; the chapter was translated by William J. Ashley.
"The Idea of Justice in Political Economy." Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 4 (1894): 697–737. Retrieved October 15, 2011.
The Economics of Gustav Schmoller, from Grundriss der allgemeinen Volkswirtschaftslehre, translated by Walter Abraham and Herbert Weingast. Brooklyn, NY: Brooklyn College, 1942. ASIN B0007F1318
↑ Hugh Chisholm, "Schmoller, Gustav". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed. Cambridge University Press, 1911).
↑ "Schmoller, Gustav von," Encyclopedia of Law and Society: American and Global Perspectives, 3rd ed.
↑ Erik Grimmer-Solem, The Rise of Historical Econonics and Social Reform in Germany, 1864–1894 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003).
↑ Nicholas W. Balabkins, Not by Theory Alone: The Economics of Gustav von Schmoller and Its Legacy to America (Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 1988, ISBN 978-3428064502).
↑ 5.0 5.1 The History of Economic Thought Website, Gustav von Schmoller, 1838-1917. The New School for Social Research. Retrieved August 23, 2011.
↑ Gustav von Schmoller - Historicism Scarlett: History of Economic Theory and Thought. Retrieved August 23, 2011.
↑ Joseph Schumpeter, "Gustav v. Schmoller und die Probleme von heute, Schmollers Jahrbuch fur Gesetzgebung," Verwaltung und Volkswirtschaft im Deutschen Reiche 50 (1926): 337–388.
↑ Joseph Schumpeter, History of Economic Analysis (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1996, ISBN 978-0195105599), 814.
↑ L.D. Gudkov, The Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 3rd Edition (1970-1979). The Gale Group, Inc., 2010.
↑ Jurgen G. Backhaus, "Gustav Schmoller and the Problems of Today," History of Economic Ideas 1 (1993):3–25.
↑ Jurgen G. Backhaus (ed.), Gustav Schmoller and the Problems of Today (Berg Publishers, 1989, ISBN 978-0854966158), 12.
↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 12.6 Helge Peukert, "The Schmoller Renaissance." History of Political Economy 33(1) (Spring 2001): 71. Retrieved August 17, 2011.
↑ Panayotis G. Michaelides and John G. Milios, "Joseph Schumpeter and the German Historical School," Cambridge Journal of Economics 33 (2009): 495–516. Retrieved October 15, 2011.
↑ John R. Commons, Institutional Economics: Its Place in Political Economy (Two Volume Set) (Transaction Publishers, 1989, ISBN 978-0887388323), 713.
↑ Gustav von Schmoller, Grundriss der allgemeinen Volkswirthschaftslehre (Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, 1900–1904)
↑ Max Scheler, Formalism in Ethics and Non-Formal Ethics of Values, trans. Manfred S. Frings and Richard L. Funk (Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 1973)
↑ John R. Commons, "Institutional Economics." American Economic Review 21 (1931):648–657.
↑ Richard W. Rahn, The Danger of Over-Regulation Cayman Islands Journal (October 11, 2006). Retrieved October 14, 2011.
Backhaus, Jürgen G. (ed.). Gustav Schmoller and the Problems of Today. Berg Publishers, 1989. ISBN 978-0854966158
Backhaus, Jürgen G. (ed.). Essays in Social Security and Taxation: Gustav von Schmoller and Adolph Wagner Reconsidered. Marburg: Metropolis, 1997. ISBN 978-3895181399
Backhaus, Jurgen G. "The University as an Economic Institution, The Political Economy of the Althoff System," J. Econ. Studies 20 (1993): 8-29.
Balabkins, Nicholas W. Not by Theory Alone: The Economics of Gustav von Schmoller and Its Legacy to America. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 1988. ISBN 978-3428064502
Clark, David S. Encyclopedia of Law and Society American and Global Perspectives (Three Volume Set). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc, 2007. ISBN 978-0761923879
Commons, John R. Institutional Economics: Its Place in Political Economy (Two Volume Set). Transaction Publishers, 1989. ISBN 978-0887388323
Grimmer-Solem, Erik. The Rise of Historical Economics and Social Reform in Germany, 1864–1894. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2003. ISBN 978-0199260416
Gudkov, L.D. The Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 3rd Edition (1970-1979). The Gale Group, Inc., 2010.
Iggers, Georg G. Historiography in the Twentieth Century: From Scientific Objectivity to the Postmodern Challenge. Hanover, NH: Wesleyan University Press, 2005. ISBN 978-0819567666
Karasek, Mirek. “With Adam Smith Against the Danger of Destruction of Post-Communist Social Systems,” POLYGON 8 (1998): 60-64, Polygon Verlag, Zurich (in Czech).
Koslowski, Peter, ed. The Theory of Ethical Economy in the Historical School: Wilhelm Roscher, Lorenz v. Stein, Gustav Schmoller, Wilhelm Dilthey and Contemporary Thought. Berlin: Springer, 1997. ISBN 978-3540590705
Michaelides, Panayotis G., and John G. Milios. "Joseph Schumpeter and the German Historical School," Cambridge Journal of Economics 33 (2009): 495–516. Retrieved October 15, 2011.
O'Brien, John C. "Gustav von Schmoller: Social Economist", International Journal of Social Economics 16 (1989): 17.
Peukert, Helge. "The Schmoller Renaissance." History of Political Economy 33(1) (Spring 2001): 71-116. Retrieved August 17, 2011.
Reheis, Fritz. "The Just State: Observations on Gustav von Schmoller's Political Theory", International Journal of Social Economics 17(10) (1990): 48–70.
Scheler, Max. Formalism in Ethics and Non-Formal Ethics of Values, trans. Manfred S. Frings and Richard L. Funk. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 1973. ISBN 978-0810106208
Schumpeter, Joseph. History of Economic Analysis. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1996. ISBN 978-0195105599
Shionoya, Yuichi. "The Soul of The German Historical School: Methodological Essays on Schmoller, Weber and Schumpeter." New York, NY: Springer, 2005. ISBN 978-0387230832
All links retrieved July 20, 2017.
A Leftist Criticism of Gustav Schmoller's "On Class Conflict in General" (1915)
Economists of the Historical School
Wilhelm Roscher · Karl Knies · Bruno Hildebrand · Gustav von Schmoller · Lujo Brentano · Werner Sombart · Max Weber
New World Encyclopedia writers and editors rewrote and completed the Wikipedia article in accordance with New World Encyclopedia standards. This article abides by terms of the Creative Commons CC-by-sa 3.0 License (CC-by-sa), which may be used and disseminated with proper attribution. Credit is due under the terms of this license that can reference both the New World Encyclopedia contributors and the selfless volunteer contributors of the Wikimedia Foundation. To cite this article click here for a list of acceptable citing formats.The history of earlier contributions by wikipedians is accessible to researchers here:
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Home / Catholic News / Pope Francis approves canonization of John Henry Newman
Pope Francis approves canonization of John Henry Newman
admin February 13, 2019 Catholic News Leave a comment 136 Views
Vatican City, Feb 13, 2019 / 03:32 am (CNA/EWTN News).- Pope Francis Wednesday approved the canonization of Bl. John Henry Newman, a Roman Catholic cardinal, scholar, and founder of the Oratory of St. Philip Neri in England.
Following a Feb. 12 meeting with Cardinal Angelo Becciu, the head of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints, the pope signed off on a second miracle attributed to the intercession of Newman, who was beatified by Pope Benedict XVI in Birmingham, England on Sept. 19, 2010.
The first miracle attributed to Newman’s intercession involved the complete and inexplicable healing of a deacon from a disabling spinal condition.
His second miracle concerned the healing of a pregnant American woman. The woman prayed for the intercession of Cardinal Newman at the time of a life-threatening diagnosis, and her doctors have been unable to explain how or why she was able to suddenly recover.
The date of his canonization has not yet been announced.
Bl. John Henry Newman was a 19th century theologian, poet, Catholic priest and cardinal. Originally an Anglican priest, he converted to Catholicism in 1845 and his writings are considered among some of the most important Church-writings in recent centuries.
Ordained a Catholic priest in 1847, he was made a cardinal by Pope Leo XIII in 1879, although he was not a bishop. Newman was also particularly dedicated to education and founded two schools for boys.
Sr. Kathleen Dietz, FSO, a Newman scholar, and vice-chancellor of the Diocese of Erie told CNA last November she suspects that Newman could be named the patron of scholars and students.
Pope Francis also green-lighted Feb. 13 the canonization of Bl. Maria Teresa Chiramel Mankidiyan of India, the founder of the Congregation of the Sisters of the Holy Family, who died in 1926 in Kuzhikkattussery.
He also approved the canonization of martyred Jesuit Fr. Salvatore Vittorio Emilio Moscoso Cardenas, who was killed in hatred of the faith in Ecuador in 1897.
Those declared to have lived lives of heroic virtue and to be on the path to beatification are Cardinal József Mindszenty, archbishop of Esztergom and primate of Hungary (1892-1975); Fr. Giovanni Battista Zuaboni, founder of the Secular Institute of the Company of the Holy Family (1880-1939); Jesuit Fr. Manuel Garcia Nieto (1894-1974); Sr. Serafina Formai, foundress of the Congregation of the Missionary Sisters of the Glad Message (1876-1954); and Sr. Maria Berenice Duque Hencker, foundress of the Congregation of the Sisters of the Annunciation (1898-1993).
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Facing dire financial situation, Pittsburgh diocese looks to make changes
Pittsburgh, Pa., Jul 17, 2019 / 03:53 pm (CNA).- The Catholic Diocese of Pittsburgh is …
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Genealogy as a labour of love
“I’m working on a book of family history,” Sara Edell Kelman declares, as she shows me her massive collection of archival documents, ketubot, photographs, Yiddish letters and other family memorabilia, spilling out of diverse albums, binders and boxes. “No, it’s more than one book — it’s a series of books. There’s a lot of stuff here, and it’s sprouting wings and branches on all sides.”
A noted genealogist who lived in Chicago and Boston for years, the former Sara Edell Schafler returned to the city of her birth four years ago to become the wife of Rabbi Joseph Kelman of Toronto’s Beth Emeth Bais Yehuda congregation. A former president of the Jewish Genealogical Society of Boston, she has numerous research projects on the go, all involving aspects of Toronto’s Jewish community.
Born in Toronto in 1928, she attended the Brunswick Talmud Torah, Harbord Collegiate and the University of Toronto before leaving for New York in 1949 to study at the Jewish Theological Seminary. Then she and her former husband, the late Rabbi Sam Schafler, raised a brood of kids. Only in retrospect did she realize that her children would know practically nothing of her family’s long association with Toronto.
Kelman’s grandfather, Rabbi Joseph Weinreb, was an impressive figure in the community’s early days. Before the turn of the century, when he was still in Europe, the Shomrai Shabbos congregation wrote to him, offering a pulpit. He arrived in Toronto in 1900, became known as the Galitzianer Rav, and served as a rabbi here for more than 40 years.
In 1980, during one of her frequent visits to the city, Kelman took a highly nostalgic walking tour led by archivist-historian Stephen Speisman. Afterwards, she read Speisman’s book, The Jews of Toronto: A History to 1937, and discovered details about her grandfather she hadn’t known before. While she had always believed he had come from Pamorin (Pamoryzany), according to Speisman the illustrious rav was working in Jasi, Roumania when he received the Toronto invitation.
Questions began to gnaw away at her. How long had he been in Jasi? Where did the family come from before that? Who was her great-grandmother, after whom she’d been named? “I felt guilty that I never asked my mother or grandfather about her. What did she look like, what was she like? I began to think about those things, the things I didn’t record. These people have a right to be remembered.”
Smitten with the genealogical bug, she interviewed elderly relatives, traipsed through cemeteries and visited libraries and archives from Salt Lake City to Poland, Jasi to Jerusalem. And by a fluke, she found a relative in Haifa who told her stories about her great-grandmother. “I found out about my namesake from this lady, Tirzah. She told me stories that were irreplaceable.”
Love of Jewish genealogy and history may be in Kelman’s genes. Her late brother, Sol Edell, was a dedicated amateur historian-archivist who helped establish the Ontario Jewish Archives. And nephew Yale Reisner is chief archivist of the Ronald Lauder Genealogical Project at the Jewish Historical Institute in Warsaw.
Nearly a quarter-century into her quest, having tracing back some ancestral lines to the 1740s, Kelman expresses amazement “that I was able to recover so much, so late, when everybody was gone.” Like many of us, she’s now faced with the formidable challenge of publishing her findings for future generations.
She flips through an impressively thick batch of papers — a partial first draft of a manuscript that she’s been working on for a long time. “I’ve put so much work into this that I want it to be preserved,” she declares. “I want it to be in a unit that you can hold in your hands.” And so, with help from Above, her labour of love continues. ♦
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The 1911 census is a powerful tool →
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The fabulous wedding of Elspeth Maxwell and Johnny Thomas at Carberry Tower Mansion House and Estate was both traditional and unusual.
Elspeth was given away by her father.
Who was also the minister for the wedding!
— The first dance —
And, their first dance happened under the canopy a tree inside the grounds of the estate where Elspeth, the bride, was brought up as a child!
— The Wedding Cake —
It was a replica of the New Museum building in New York – which is Johnny's, who's an architect, favourite building.
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White coat bullies
Roger Collier
CMAJ August 05, 2014 186 (11) 820; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.109-4808
A young scientist puts in long hours at a lab for two years, working diligently, producing a large body of valuable data. When his supervisor publishes a paper based on the work in a high-profile journal, the young scientist’s name is nowhere to be found.
A PhD student learns she will be joining a “dream” project in a subject area related to her research interests. She is shouted down at meetings, belittled in front of peers, excluded from publications and ignored during coffee breaks.
These are but two of many stories, most expressed anonymously, on a website devoted to bullying in research and academia. Though bullying is typically associated with schoolyards and high-pressure corporate settings, it is also a problem in institutes of higher learning, particularly those that invest heavily in research.
“Institutions that are the most research-intensive are likely to have more competitive cultures,” says Jaime Lester, associate professor of higher education at George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia. “In competitive cultures, you are more likely to see bullying incidences.”
Researchers in some disciplines, including science and medicine, face many pressures. There is enormous competition for grants and positions at universities. Securing tenure can be a challenge, and the pressure to publish to advance one’s career is ever-present.
Academics are also very skilled in analysis, critique and argumentation. In a hyper-competitive environment, these skills can be put to malicious use, to put others down for personal gain. This might be passed off as normal behaviour in the research world, considered professional criticism or character building, but it can sometimes tip over into bullying.
“If you stand back and look at the structure of research, it is wide open for bullying,” says Frank Gannon, director and CEO of the QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute in Australia. “What are the checks and balances to prevent it? There are very few.”
Bullying is a pervasive problem in research, Gannon once suggested in an editorial, though “scientists seem to accept it without further comment or disapproval as through it were a normal part of life.” PhD students are particularly prone to being victims of bullying, wrote Gannon.
The competitive nature of science can make research environments prone to bullying rather than collaboration.
Image courtesy of Ryan McVay/Photodisc/Thinkstock
Senior scientists hold tremendous power over junior researchers, possessing the ability to advance or stall a career in its early stages. They can decide if PhD students receive proper credit for their work, if they can go to meetings and conferences and if they are assigned important tasks or grunt work. It is also highly unlikely, notes Gannon, that a junior researcher would point out flaws or weaknesses in their superiors’ research.
“Here you have, effectively, an all-powerful employer,” says Gannon. “The boss of the lab is all powerful.”
If that boss also happens to be a bully, it can be a difficult problem to address. “If you have a high-powered researcher — a productive, successful faculty star — and yet they are behaving in an inappropriate way, whether not giving credit to their postdocs for their work or participating in bullying behaviour, it’s difficult for human resources to have any recourse to address that, because it is not illegal,” says Lester, who edited a book called Workplace Bullying in Higher Education.
Bullying is also subjective, open to interpretation. People labelled as bullies rarely self-identify in the role, believing their behaviour to be perfectly acceptable. And some use the term too liberally, calling someone a bully after a single unpleasant incident. According to Lester, however, there has to be a pattern — frequent incidents over an extended period, often increasing in intensity.
“I don’t much like talking about bullying, especially because the term has come to be thrown around so loosely,” Kenneth Westhues, professor emeritus of sociology and legal studies at the University of Waterloo in Ontario, writes in an email.
To better make sense of workplace conflicts, and to better address them, it is important to be more specific, says Westhues, the foremost expert on “mobbing,” which he described in an essay as occurring when a number of ordinary workers at whatever level “unfairly gang up on a manager, peer, or subordinate.”
“What we need is incisive, empirically sound analyses of why rotten things happen at work, analyses that point to effective means of prevention and remedy.”
You are going to email the following White coat bullies
CMAJ Aug 2014, 186 (11) 820; DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.109-4808
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Philip A. Cole, M.D.
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Andrew M. Werner, M.D.
Fissures and Anal Ulcers
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The American Board of Colon and Rectal Surgeons was established to promote the health and welfare of the American people through the development and maintenance of high standards for certification in the specialty of colon and rectal surgery.
The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons is a national association of colon and rectal surgeons and other surgeons dedicated to advancing and promoting the science and practice of the treatment of patients with diseases and disorders affecting the colon, rectum and anus.
The National Library of Medicine, (NLM) on the campus of the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland, is the world's largest medical library. The Library collects materials and provides information and research services in all areas of biomedicine and health care.
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CENTRAL-CAL-CLAY
Johan Creten started to practice drawing and sculpture at an early age. Fascinated by art, literature and music, he met a couple of passionate antiquarians in his hometown that supported him during the first years of his life. In 1985, he graduated at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts of Ghent where he discovered a clay studio, left behind by the students. Training as a painter, Johan Creten found a real potential in this technique : he started to include ceramics elements in his paintings and familiarized with mud – that he has chosen to be his new medium. He graduated at the School of Fine Arts in Paris. In the 80’s, art was surrounded by conceptual and minimalist artists. By choosing clay, Johan Creten made a bold move, trying to open the possibility of this rare technique in the contemporary art field.
He has been firstly represented by Galerie Meyer in Paris, specialized in tribal art from Oceania that organized two of his exhibitions : « Johan Creten: Peintures et Sculptures » in 1987 et « Kunstkamer. Installation et performance » in 1988. He has also been represented by the galerist Robert Miller in New York who dedicated him an exhibition in 1988 (« Odore di Femmina ») and in 2001(« Johan Creten : 3 Torsos »).
Johan Creten is currently represented by Galerie Perrotin in New York, Paris and Hong Kong, Almine Rech Gallery in Brussels and Galerie Transit in Mechlin.
In the past twenty years, Johan Creten has been offered prestigious residencies such as the Manufacture Nationale de Sèvres and the Villa Medici. By travelling widely around the world and experiencing different studios, each residency was an opportunity to enrich his œuvre.
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Gabrielle Aplin >
Gabrielle Aplin 2017 Interview
By Jon Kean on 17 August 2017
An interview with Gabrielle Aplin
Follow Gabrielle Aplin
It'd be ungentlemanly to mention a lady's age, and mightily crass to harp on about how well a young person has done for their age. Let's just say that Gabrielle Aplin has made two massive albums and is a global star, but she'd defo still get ID'd buying cider at Tesco. It's enviable. It could even be sickening, were she not so refreshingly down-to-earth and such splendid conversation.
Gabrielle spoke to Contact Music backstage at the Leopallooza festival in Cornwall recently, prior to her Main Stage headline slot on the final evening. Festival-goers had partied through a fun- and mud-filled few days, but the clouds politely held off so that we could hug, sway and dance through her varied set feeling dry and uplifted. If more festivals took Leopallooza's bold line and booked more female headliners, it would undoubtedly help to bring added diversity to the currently saturated festival scene.
Subsequent to our chat, summer banger, "Waking Up Slow" came out on August 9th and will form part of the "Avalon" EP. Play it and see if you can manage to keep still for three-and-a-half-minutes. Bet you can't.
Do you think it was tempting fate for someone to book a headliner for the last day of a festival that recorded an album called "English Rain"?
Every time it rains, I think, 'Why did I do this? Why didn't I call it "Summertime Sun"?' I've been camping for the last two days and the weather's been pretty treacherous. We were staying on some guy's farm. He's built this amazing eco-yurt, he's got a nut orchard, he grows his own veg and he's got animals everywhere. It was raining and we were in a field in the middle of nowhere. It was quite cleansing. I didn't have to be anywhere. I could get muddy. On a Sunday night at a festival, I feel like everyone's over the fact that it's muddy now too.
How is 2017 treating you?
Brilliantly. I released some music independently for the first time in a while at the end of 2016 and it's gone really well. I'm enjoying the freedom creatively. I've been playing festivals, I've been in Japan and I've got a tour at the end of the year, so up until now, I've just been preparing for that and my new release that's coming up.
The independent label, Never Fade Records, was where it all began. Is it harder work, but ultimately more rewarding than being on a major label?
Music used to be about getting signed and then getting on the radio. What I really enjoy is that there are so many ways to get music out there now. As a fan, I don't really discover music on the radio. I find it via Spotify or at gigs - much more random places. I feel like artists just need to tailor how they release music for them and their fans. What matters is that you make songs and people listen to them. All the stuff that's in between, while it may feel really important, is ultimately not. I wanted to be able to use ideas that would have a major label saying 'NO!'
What sort of things?
Taking a punt sometimes, spending the budget on things like a small artwork idea. Being in control of what is happening and what is prioritised means that when something doesn't work it's genuinely because of something I did and next time I'll do it a different way. I like to be meticulous. I don't think that anything should be rushed. Everything should be amazing.
You've been touring in Japan. To the average ignoramus like me, you might as well have been touring on the moon. What's touring there like?
It is basically like being on another planet. It's one of my favourite places to go. It's so different from touring in the UK. Everything just works - to the second.
Which is definitely not the case in the UK with musicians.
Definitely not. I do like the culture here that you just rock up and you play, but that's not the case in Japan; they do not appreciate lateness.
What are the fans like?
Unbelievable. Very attentive. At gigs, they clap three times and then stop. There's no talking, no-one on their phones.
Can they come and teach some people how to do that at UK gigs?
I feel we should get a few people over to do some coaching. I find myself getting through my set quicker because there's obviously the language barrier, although I did learn a few of my songs in Japanese to play there.
That's a labour of love!
It was fun. I have a half-Japanese friend who helped my retranslate them and taught me pronunciation. I did "Please Don't Say You Love Me".
Were there any significant phrases that really had to change because of translation or to make it scan?
There's a lyric that goes 'Doesn't mean my heart stops skipping'. When Japanese people are nervous, they have a phrase, "doki, doki", which means that your heart's racing. I got that into the song.
As fans, are they extremely devoted?
They bring gifts, which are always really thoughtful, like things to help you get through jetlag, or because I'm vegan, they'd bring vegan Japanese food. Fruit is a really big gift. It's all packaged individually, which seems weird and wasteful. Imagine a single banana wrapped with a bow on it. They really want to share their culture with you, though, which is incredible.
Best Japan gig?
Summer Sonic a few years ago. I was on the line-up with Metallica, Linkin Park, Cyndi Lauper, MIA and Bastille - only in Japan can that happen. It was in a sports stadium; everything was air-conditioned because it's so hot and humid there in the summer. People have no qualms about taking naps mid-gig, so there were people moshing at the front for Metallica and people at the back sleeping.
Best festival?
I opened The Other Stage at Glastonbury this year. That's my local festival, so it was a big deal for me. I actually had a crowd. You'd think that people would be in bed early on a Saturday, but people came out and saw me.
I have to have an Alan Partridge moment in interviews, so how do you feel today?
Brilliant, thank you. Loving Cornwall. I enjoyed the yurt, but I'm happy to be out of it and I'm ready to play. I'm very fond of Cornwall. Part of my family is from St Ives. I'd really love to do a show at the Minack Theatre, outdoors on the coast, but every year it gets to the summer and I think 'I really should have done something about that.' It's definitely on my 'To Do' list.
What are the best and worst things about touring?
The best thing about touring is that I get to go to Japan. Also there's constantly something new, so many places I would never have visited if I didn't tour. Last year, I went to Brazil. I spent a lot of time in Asia and Australia as well. The worst thing about touring is the lack of routine. I get on with it, but it can be a weird thing to do. It's fun, but if you get a bit existential about it, you think of your mates leading regular lives, getting up just as you're going to bed, and you can envy that regularity. There are so many brilliant things, though, that it all balances out.
Your forthcoming single is due out in less than a week.
I'm really happy with it. It's an extension of my previous releases. It's pop and I'm really enjoying writing pop songs at the moment. I was a bit scared that I'd be branded a sell-out if I'd not written anything on the acoustic guitar. I was writing pop songs for fun and they were coming out naturally, so there was no point in trying to rein that in.
"English Rain" had a particular style. Was that such a distinctive style and such a particular success that subsequent releases had to go in different directions?
At the moment, I'm really enjoying collecting analogue synths and old electronic instruments and making this kind of music. I probably just need to get it out of my system. No doubt in six months' time, there's a chance I'll want to get my guitar and record an acoustic EP again. I love how I don't have to pin myself to one genre.
I'm looking forward to the drum and bass era.
It could be coming.
Thinking of the John Lewis snowman advert. That must have been the best publicity ever.
Absolutely. Free TV advertising. I really wanted to do it. I loved that they were taking great songs and getting artists to cover them. I didn't actually get asked to do it until two days before the deadline. I knew what the song was, but they didn't want me to pitch for it, but they asked me and I wasn't going to say no. I love that song too. I got a few hardcore Frankie Goes To Hollywood fans sending me abuse, but Holly Johnson sent me a message and said that he loved it, so that's all that matters.
Were there benefits and disadvantages of finding success at an early age?
I feel very grateful and lucky to live the life that I do. I left school and started making music when all my mates were going to university, but it was what I really wanted to do and I have no regrets.
Is there anything you'd say to your teenage self?
I moved to London when I was eighteen and lived in an absolute hellhole - classic Coyote Ugly, 'move to the city to make music' kind of thing. If I could tell myself anything, I'd tell myself that it was all going to be OK. I kept thinking, 'What am I doing? I'm in this lease for a year'. I genuinely thought it was the end. At the end of that year, a friend had a room available in Richmond, and I moved there and felt like the Queen.
Are there any landmark places in your formative musical years?
I'd consider Glastonbury a landmark place. I first played there seven years ago. I played the Acoustic Stage and then three years later, I headlined it. It's one of my favourite places; I walk up the tour whenever I can.
What was your best line in the Brazilian soap cameo?
I was playing myself. They didn't give me a script. It was a love triangle between one girl who was from a favela. She ran away from her evil stepfather. She ran to Rio, to the city, and got picked up by a modelling agency, so she was the face of a magazine. There was an older guy who owned the magazine, so there was a love triangle between them and another guy back at the favela. The whole thing was building up to the point where she was going to have to choose one guy. There was a song for each part of the relationship and mine was the song for her and the guy from the favela. She chose him at the end, but not until they were in Paris, which they had to green screen. The couple then came over and asked me for a photo. The funniest thing was that they laid out a picnic on a chequered blanket, with onions, garlic, cheese and croissants and they gave me a beret. It's called "Totalmente Demais" and it's brilliant. Find it and watch it - it's gas.
Any chance of the Brazilian soap projected onto the screen behind you tonight?
Absolutely none. That's been screened and it's not coming back. You'll have to get it on YouTube.
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dc3 Art Projects
Richard Boulet
Canadian artist Richard Boulet uses quilting, cross-stitching, drawing and assemblage techniques to address his personal history of schizophrenia and broader issues of mental health. Boulet’s art is decidedly self-reflexive – his labour-intensive working process provides him with an opportunity to contemplate the past and, stitch by careful stitch, to put things right. As Boulet explains, “To use quilting and cross-stitching in a body of work that alludes to the psychological dilemmas of addressing personal traumas seems appropriate, in that there is a strong sense of comfort and self-care in these two techniques.” In addition to working in cross-stitch and quilting, he maintains an active solo and collaborative drawing practice exploring issues of personal and queer identity, health and illness.
Richard Boulet lives and works in Edmonton. He holds a BFA from the University of Manitoba School of Art, Winnipeg, MB, Canada and an MFA from the University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada Boulet has exhibited at Plug In ICA, Winnipeg; Creative Growth, San Francisco; Keyano College Art Gallery, Fort McMurray; Illingworth Kerr Gallery, Alberta College of Art + Design, Calgary; Ace Art Inc., Winnipeg; and the 2007 Alberta Biennale. Boulet was the subject of an exhibition, Stitched and Drawn, circulated by Alberta College of Art and Design’s Illingworth Kerr Gallery and curator Wayne Baerwaldt in 2012 and his solo show, A Retrospective, opened at the Art Gallery of Grande Prairie in 2016.
Richard Boulet, Our Bodies Are the Meat We Feed On, 2016
Mixed textiles, 6 x 30 in
Series of 10 unique works
Richard Boulet, Room Four, 2010
quilting and cross-stitch
Richard Boulet, Anne of the Studio, 2015
fabric appliqué and cross-stitch
Richard Boulet, The Ineffable Bond between Father and Son, 2015
fabric appliqué and cross-stitch, 52 x 63 in
© dc3 Art Projects 2019
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Blu-ray, DVD Release: Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows
S. Clark
– March 14, 2012Find Others: Blu-ray, DVD, Movie, New Release, NewsGet More: Action, Adventure, Eddie Marsan, Jude Law, Mystery, Noomi Rapace, Rachel McAdams, Robert Downey Jr., Warner
Blu-ray Release Date: June 12, 2012, DVD Release Date: July 10, 2012
Price: DVD $22.97, Blu-ray/DVD Combo $35.99
Studio: Warner Home Video
After his rollicking 2009 re-introduction of the classic British detective, director Guy Ritchie (Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels) delivered an equally action-packed adventure in 2011 with Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows.
This time around, Holmes (played with gusto by Robert Downey Jr., Iron Man 2) and his straight-laced sidekick Dr. Watson (the amusing Jude Law, Hugo) is pitted against his arch nemesis Professor Moriarty (Jared Harris, TV’s Fringe). With the help of a gypsy fortune teller (Noomi Rapace, The Girl With the Dragon Tattoo), Holmes and Watson must connect the dots between a scandal that takes down an Indian cotton tycoon, the death of a Chinese opium trader, bombings in Strasbourg and Vienna and the murder of an American steel magnate. The mystery takes them out of London, to France, Germany and Switzerland.
A big hit in theaters, PG-13-rated A Game of Shadows also stars Stephen Fry (TV’s Bones), Rachel McAdams (Midnight in Paris) and Eddie Marsan (War Horse).
The action adventure film grossed $187.6 million but was more loved by moviegoers than critics. The New Yorker‘s Bruce Diones said the movie is “complete trash and makes a mockery of Holmes’s vaunted deductive reasoning.” Okay! But The Standard‘s Matt Neal called Game of Shadows “exciting, witty and great fun.” We at Disc Dish agree with Neal.
Like it did with Ritchie’s original Sherlock Holmes, Warner packed the Blu-ray/DVD combo pack with special features:
“Maximum Movie Mode: Inside the Mind of Sherlock Holmes,” hosted by Downey Jr.
“Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson: A Perfect Chemistry”
“Holmes Without Borders”
“Moriarty’s Master Plan Unleashed”
“Holmesavision on Steroids”
“Sherlock Holmes: Under the Gypsy Spell”
“Meet Mycroft Holmes”
“Guy Ritchie’s Well-Oiled Machine.”
The Blu-ray also offers an UltraViolet digital copy that can be downloaded or streamed, redeemable through June 12, 2014.
Buy or Rent Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows
DVD | Blu-ray/DVD Combo DVD | Blu-ray/DVD Combo
New Release: Sucker Punch DVD and Blu-ray
New Release: Ben-Hur 50th Anniversary Blu-ray and DVD
Blu-ray, 3D, DVD: Journey 2: The Mysterious Island
Blu-ray, DVD Release: Arrow: Season 3
New Release: Sands of the Kalahari Blu-ray and DVD
About S. Clark
Sam Clark is the former Managing Editor/Online Editor of Video Business magazine. With 19 years experience in journalism, 12 in the home entertainment industry, Sam has been hooked on movies on since she saw E.T. then stared into the sky waiting to meet her own friendly alien. Thanks to her husband’s shared love of movies, Sam reviews Blu-ray discs in a true home theater, with a 118-inch screen, projector and cushy recliners with cup holders.
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Clarksville’s First Thursday Art Walk to be held June 6th, 2019
Clarksville, TN – Produced by The Downtown Clarksville Association, First Thursday Art Walk is a free, self-guided tour spanning a 5-block radius that combines visual art, live music, engaging events and more in the heart of Downtown Clarksville.
With 10+ venues, bars and businesses participating each month, the First Thursday Art Walk in Clarksville is the ultimate opportunity to savor and support local creative talent.
First Thursday Art Walk in Downtown Clarksville.
This February, APSU looks back at how Sidney Brown’s life intersects with history
Clarksville, TN – On a mild November evening, Sidney Brown, 87, stood along the sidelines at Austin Peay State University’s Fortera Stadium. He wore a blue blazer, which sagged from all the medals pinned above the left pocket, and a ball cap for the 555th Parachute Infantry, the U.S. Army’s famed all-black airborne unit.
Austin Peay State University alumnus and Command Sgt. Maj. Retired Sidney Brown is honored with an endowed military and ROTC scholarship on Wednesday, August 31st, 2016. (Beth Lowary, APSU)
Downtown Commons Ice Rink to host Mayor vs. General Second Annual Broomball Game, January 16th
Downtown Commons Ice Rink
Montgomery County, TN – The public is invited to attend the second annual Broomball match between Montgomery County Mayor Jim Durrett and Fort Campbell’s Major General Andrew Poppas to a backyard broomball game on January 16th, 2019 at 6:00pm at the Downtown Commons Winter Ice Rink.
Broomball is a variation of ice hockey played on ice without skates and with brooms and a ball instead of sticks and a puck. Running around in shoes on ice while trying to “sweep” a ball into a goal presents a unique challenge that includes a lot of slipping, sliding and falling.
Army vet Albert Wiley trades Special Forces to study special education at APSU
Clarksville, TN – If you ask Austin Peay State University (APSU) student Albert Wiley to list all the places he’s visited, you should probably take a seat because it’ll take a few minutes.
“I went to Panama, Ecuador, Belize, Honduras, Korea, Holland, Afghanistan, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Thailand, Japan, England, Canada…let’s just say numerous countries,” he said.
Austin Peay State University student Albert Wiley takes a break on campus between classes.
APSU honoring veterans and active-duty personnel during Military Appreciation Football Game November 17th
Clarksville, TN – November isn’t a typical month at Austin Peay State University (APSU). As the state’s leader in higher education for military-affiliated students, the institution traditionally recognizes the entire month, with its connection to Veterans Day, as an extended salute to all veterans and active-duty military personnel.
In previous years, the Austin Peay State University football team has worn special uniforms to honor the military.
APSU names retired Brigadier General Scott Brower as inaugural military adviser in residence
Clarksville, TN – On September 1st, 2018 retired Brigadier General Scott E. Brower, former deputy commanding general of the 101st Airborne Division, joined Austin Peay State University’s (APSU) senior leadership team as the institution’s first military adviser in residence.
In this new role, Brower will advise the APSU leadership team on how the University can better serve its military students and help the University optimize the process of recruiting, enrolling and graduating military-connected students.
Austin Peay State University names retired Brigadier General Scott E. Brower as APSU’s first military adviser in residence.
Former 101st deputy commanding general to speak at APSU’s summer commencement
Clarksville, TN – Brigadier General Scott E. Brower, former deputy commanding general of the 101st Airborne Division, will deliver the keynote address at Austin Peay State University’s summer commencement at 2:00pm on August 10th, 2018 in the APSU Dunn Center.
Brower, a Passaic, New Jersey native, graduated from the U.S. Military Academy in 1989 and was commissioned a second lieutenant in the Air Defense Artillery.
Brigadier General Scott E. Brower, former 101st Airborne Division deputy commanding general, to speak at Austin Peay State University’s Summer Commencement.
APSU junior Brinna Lavelle to represent Team USA, university at international games
Clarksville, TN – You need only a few minutes with Brinna Lavelle to know why she’s a world-class judo athlete representing Team USA and Austin Peay State University this month in Brazil.
Her attitude might be more powerful than her hip throws.
Austin Peay State Univesity junior Brinna Lavelle will represent Team USA and the university later this month at the FISU America Games in Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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You are here: Home / Health / Food / Merck’s Former Doctor Predicts that Gardasil will Become the Greatest Medical Scandal of All Time
Merck’s Former Doctor Predicts that Gardasil will Become the Greatest Medical Scandal of All Time
April 25, 2014 by Editor Leave a Comment
Dr. Dalbergue (pictured above), a former pharmaceutical industry physician with Gardasil manufacturer Merck, was interviewed in the April 2014 issue of the French magazine Principes de Santé (Health Principles). You can read it here:
The full extent of the Gardasil scandal needs to be assessed: everyone knew when this vaccine was released on the American market that it would prove to be worthless! Diane Harper, a major opinion leader in the United States, was one of the first to blow the whistle, pointing out the fraud and scam of it all.
Gardasil is useless and costs a fortune! In addition, decision-makers at all levels are aware of it!
Cases of Guillain-Barré syndrome, paralysis of the lower limbs, vaccine-induced MS and vaccine-induced encephalitis can be found, whatever the vaccine.
I predict that Gardasil will become the greatest medical scandal of all times because at some point in time, the evidence will add up to prove that this vaccine, technical and scientific feat that it may be, has absolutely no effect on cervical cancer and that all the very many adverse effects which destroy lives and even kill, serve no other purpose than to generate profit for the manufacturers.
There is far too much financial interest for these medicines to be withdrawn.
As we have reported in many previous articles here at Health Impact News, the HPV vaccine has become a huge international controversy, while enjoying widespread mainstream media and medical acceptance here in the United States. Any mainstream media reporter who dares to report on the controversy surrounding Gardasil faces ridicule and a potential loss of their career. (Just ask Katie Couric.)
U.S. law prevents anyone from suing Merck or any other vaccine manufacturer as the U.S. Congress gave them total immunity from civil lawsuits in 1986, and that legal protection which gives them a free pass to put as many vaccines into the market as they want to, was upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court in 2011. In addition, the National Institute of Health receives royalties from the sales of Gardasil. So don’t expect objective, true information from the U.S. mainstream media, or your U.S. doctor.
But Merck does not have the same legal protection outside the U.S., and it is here we must find information regarding lawsuits over injuries and deaths related to Gardasil.
Gardasil: An International Scandal
Press Release from Michèle Rivasi, MEP France
Michèle Rivasi, MEP Vice-Chair of the Greens/EFA in the European Parliament, organized a press conference in Paris on April 2, the topic was Gardasil, a vaccine from Sanofi-Pasteur MSD against certain human papillomavirus responsible for cancer.
In the space of seven years, nearly 2 million young women aged 13-26 years received at least one dose of this vaccine in France, reimbursed at 65% by the Social Security … even though the evidence of its effectiveness has not yet been proven.`
For Michèle Rivasi, it is likely that clinical trials of Gardasil were not conducted following the rules of science. Normally, to evaluate safety, the treatment must be compared with placebo. However, in the case of this vaccine, the “placebo” that was used was the vaccine adjuvant itself.
The French Agency for Sanitary Safety of Health Products (AFSSAPS) registered Gardasil on its list of drugs under surveillance after the crisis of the Mediator.
Today in Europe, many young women, aged 18-24 years without medical history are affected with very debilitating diseases that could be attributed directly to vaccination. Océane Bourguignon was 15 when she received two injections of Gardasil. Within months she was hospitalized for multiple sclerosis. She temporarily lost her sight and the use of her legs. Her father, Jean-Jacques, was present at the conference with their lawyer, Jean-Christophe Coubris, together with the mother of Orianne Lochu, another young victim.
Today, many whistleblowers, researchers, physicians and health professionals are against the objective set in the Cancer Plan announced by François Hollande on February 4, which is to double the “coverage “of vaccination of young girls with Gardasil until 2021 because:
– Cervical cancer in France is no longer a public health problem (1.7 % of all cancers)
– The vaccine is only effective against infections caused by some strains of the virus: Gardasil contains antigens only for strains of type 6, 11, 16 and 18 and the other vaccine, Cervarix, for 2 strains. However, infections with strains 16 and 18, established as scarecrows by manufacturers, seem rarer in Europe. Note that there are more than 100 strains, including 18 considered high-risk oncogenic
– There is no evidence to date demonstrating efficacy of the vaccine against the occurrence of cervical cancer! 20 years back would still be necessary to obtain such evidence, however, the duration of vaccine protection is limited in time.
– The presence of aluminum adjuvant is very problematic, as shown by scientists Chris Shaw and Lucija Tomljenovic, from the University of British Columbia, and Professor Authier and Gherardi, from Hospital Henri-Mondor (Créteil), all present at the conference. The aluminum migrates into the body and reaches the brain, where it accumulates. There are many adverse effects noted: death, convulsions, syncope, Guillain-Barré syndrome, transverse myelitis, facial paralysis, chronic fatigue syndrome, autoimmune diseases, pulmonary embolisms, myofasciitis macrophages, pancreatitis…
– The effectiveness of conventional smears to detect cervical cancer has been proven.
– Deal with these risks. Austria refused to include these vaccines in the vaccination schedule and Japan no longer recommends this vaccination; many challenges exist in other countries.
– A dose of Gardasil costs 123.44 euros in France, or 370.32 euros for 3 injections required, this is far too expensive. This cost could increase if boosters were necessary, because the duration of protection of initial vaccination is still not known. The period of “catch-up” could generate a cost to social security of 926 M° euros. In subsequent years the annual cost would be € 148 M °.
-An indecent campaign of communication was engaged years ago to promote this vaccine: lobbying campaigns and aggressive advertising are conducted by laboratories that play on the fears and guilt, especially of mothers: “Protect your daughter, this is what is more natural for a mother.” One of these commercials has also been banned by the Medicines Agency in August 2010 for “lack of objectivity “.
For all of these reasons, MEP Michèle Rivasi calls for a moratorium: member states must stop recommending this vaccine until more studies are conducted on Gardasil, its effectiveness and dangers.
[Note from SaneVax: There are currently 28 member states in the European Union. This call for a moratorium was addressed to all of them.]
Source: Healthimpactnews.com
Filed Under: Food, Health
— Geotge S. Patton
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High Interest Rate Loans (pre-2010) as Share of Home Purchase Loans by Neighborhood Racial/Ethnic Composition
Year: 2009; Neighborhood Racial/Ethnic Composition: Predominantly Minority Neighborhood; Region: 100 Largest MSAs
Neighborhood Racial/Ethnic Composition
Predominantly Minority Neighborhood
Mixed Neighborhood
Predominantly Non-Hispanic White Neighborhood
Year: 2009; Neighborhood Racial/Ethnic Composition: Predominantly Minority Neighborhood; Ordered: alphabetically
Akron, OH 12.8%
Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY –
Albuquerque, NM 7.5%
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ –
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, GA 8.5%
Augusta-Richmond County, GA-SC 10.7%
Austin-Round Rock, TX 8.2%
Bakersfield, CA 9.5%
Baltimore-Towson, MD 9.4%
Baton Rouge, LA 14.4%
Birmingham-Hoover, AL 12.3%
Boise City-Nampa, ID –
Boston-Cambridge-Quincy, MA-NH 10.0%
Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk, CT 6.5%
Buffalo-Cheektowaga-Tonawanda, NY 11.7%
Cape Coral-Fort Myers, FL –
Charleston-North Charleston, SC 9.3%
Charlotte-Gastonia-Concord, NC-SC 7.2%
Chattanooga, TN-GA 11.8%
Chicago-Naperville-Joliet, IL-IN-WI 13.2%
Cincinnati-Middletown, OH-KY-IN 11.9%
Cleveland-Elyria-Mentor, OH 9.0%
Colorado Springs, CO –
Columbia, SC 18.4%
Columbus, OH 10.1%
Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX 14.9%
Dayton, OH 6.3%
Denver-Aurora, CO 6.6%
Des Moines, IA –
Detroit-Warren-Livonia, MI 20.7%
El Paso, TX 6.5%
Fresno, CA 12.4%
Grand Rapids-Wyoming, MI 17.2%
Greensboro-High Point, NC 12.4%
Greenville, SC 9.5%
Harrisburg-Carlisle, PA 10.4%
Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, CT 5.1%
Honolulu, HI 0.5%
Houston-Baytown-Sugar Land, TX 11.8%
Indianapolis, IN 6.3%
Jackson, MS 22.5%
Jacksonville, FL 12.4%
Kansas City, MO-KS 10.5%
Knoxville, TN –
Lakeland-Winter Haven, FL –
Lancaster, PA 3.7%
Las Vegas-Paradise, NV 13.3%
Little Rock-North Little Rock, AR 8.0%
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA 7.0%
Louisville, KY-IN 16.7%
Madison, WI –
McAllen-Edinburg-Pharr, TX 28.1%
Memphis, TN-MS-AR 10.5%
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Miami Beach, FL 9.4%
Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, WI 11.4%
Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI 7.8%
Modesto, CA 17.4%
Nashville-Davidson-Murfreesboro, TN 6.9%
New Haven-Milford, CT 4.7%
New Orleans-Metairie-Kenner, LA 17.4%
New York-Newark-Edison, NY-NJ-PA 7.2%
Ogden-Clearfield, UT –
Oklahoma City, OK 11.6%
Omaha-Council Bluffs, NE-IA –
Orlando, FL 12.0%
Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura, CA 7.2%
Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville, FL –
Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD 12.7%
Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ 8.8%
Pittsburgh, PA 10.8%
Portland-Vancouver-Beaverton, OR-WA –
Poughkeepsie-Newburgh-Middletown, NY 12.5%
Providence-New Bedford-Fall River, RI-MA 12.2%
Provo-Orem, UT –
Raleigh-Cary, NC 7.0%
Richmond, VA 4.2%
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA 10.1%
Rochester, NY 10.4%
Sacramento-Arden-Arcade-Roseville, CA 12.8%
Salt Lake City, UT –
San Antonio, TX 13.0%
San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos, CA 6.9%
San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA 6.4%
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA 4.5%
Sarasota-Bradenton-Venice, FL 12.5%
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre, PA –
Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA 1.1%
Springfield, MA 19.6%
St. Louis, MO-IL 10.9%
Stockton, CA 12.6%
Syracuse, NY –
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL 12.3%
Toledo, OH –
Tucson, AZ 9.6%
Tulsa, OK 10.8%
Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC 3.9%
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV 4.3%
Wichita, KS 4.2%
Worcester, MA –
Youngstown-Warren-Boardman, OH-PA –
Definition: Share of home purchase loans that have an APR (annual percentage rate) at least 3 percentage points higher than the interest rate of U.S. Treasury securities of the same maturity.
Notes: Due to changes in the definition of high interest loans, this indicator only reflects loans with application dates before October 1, 2009. Includes only originated, first-lien loans for owner-occupied, 1-4 family homes or manufactured homes. Excludes data for metro areas with less than 20 loans for each neighborhood type. Hispanics may be of any race. When borrower self identifies as more than one race, race category refers to first race specified. Predominantly non-Hispanic white neighborhoods defined as those that were less than 10% minority in 2000. Predominantly minority neighborhoods defined as those that were 80% or more minority in 2000. Mixed neighborhoods defined as those that were between 10% and 80% minority in 2000.
Source: Analysis of Home Mortgage Disclosure Act Data from the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council.
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dom. kielce. planty 7.
Jews in Kielce
Marek Maciągowski Prior to World War II, there were about eighteen thousand Jews in Kielce. They were rightful and active citizens of the city, which they considered their home. Not many people realised that this was one of the youngest Jewish communities in Poland. For many years, Jews were prohibited from settling in Kielce. They had lived for hundreds of years in nearby towns, such as Chęciny, Chmielnik, Pińczów, Raków, Wierzbnik, and Ostrowiec but the owners of Kielce, the Krakovian bishops, did not allow Jews to set up permanent residence in the city. This prohibition was finally lifted after the Tsar’s imperial edict on the equality of rights for Jews in 1862. In 1876, a decision to build a railway line from Dęblin to Dąbrowa Górnicza stimulated an increase in Jewish settlement in Kielce. In 1860, 2640 Jews were living in the city. They were predominantly involved in trade, which was a poorly developed industry in Kielce, and the newly-established companies quickly built up a solid reputation even with Polish clients. It took the townspeople a long while to come to terms with their Jewish competition. The following quarter century was a period of tumultuous development for the city. Kielce’s population had tripled since 1905 and now stood at nearly 30,000. In this period the number of Jews in the city increased four-fold, reaching 10,587.
Jewish traders were present in all areas of trade. Handicrafts were advancing, and cottage industry was undergoing large scale expansion. The period also saw the establishment of industrial plants, which had been absent from Kielce until that time. Above all, there was an abundance of natural resources and wood to be utilized, and the Jews built the foundation for Kielce’s wood and lime industries. Leather tanneries, small soap and candle manufacturers, small accessories producers as well as mills emerged. Kielce also became a city of cobblers. The religious and social lives of Kielce’s Jewish residents were overseen by the synagogue. In 1868, the first rabbi of Kielce district was appointed – Gutman Rapoport, and in 1878 a plot of land was purchased on Warszawska Street to serve as the location for a synagogue. At this time, members of the intellectual class started pouring into the city and two worlds clashed. One was the world of tradition, represented by Jews from the provinces raised in the age-old tradition. The other was of the world of modernity, represented by those who arrived in Kielce from other cities of the Russian empire. Until the end of the 19th century, the attitudes of Kielce’s Jewish community were governed by tradition and Orthodox law, but the turn of the 20th century saw the emergence of a new generation who were open to the growing ideas of Zionism and socialism. The community of Kielce Jews was for the most part poor. There were barely thirty wealthy families of industrialists and wholesalers, and about one hundred intellectual families lived at a decent level. But the vast majority of Kielce Jews lived very humble lives. Over one hundred families required permanent support from the district, and 1901 saw the establishment of the Society for the Aid of the Mosaic Poor.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the Jews of Kielce undertook their construction project of the century – the building of their own synagogue. In 1901, Estera and Mojżesz Pfeffer donated a large square near Nowowarszawska Street as well as 20,000 rubles towards the cost of construction. The synagogue was ceremoniously opened in 1903. At this time, the rabbi in Kielce was Mosze Nachumem Jerozolimski. After a great fire which destroyed the town of Chęciny in 1905, a significant part of the town’s Jewish population relocated to nearby Kielce. The number of Jews in Kielce increased by seven thousand in the ten years between 1905 and 1915. Many Hasidic Jews came to Kielce during this time. Reb Chaim Szmuel Horowicz, the great-grandchildren of Zaddik Icchak Horowicz – the Seer of Lublin, one of the foremost representatives of Hasidism in Poland; Reb Motele Twerski, known as Rebbe of Kuzmir (from Kazimierz) the grandson of Mordechaj Motele and great-grandson of Nachman, known as Magidem of Czarnobyl; as well as Reb Chaim Majer Finkler, the brother of Zaddik Hilel of Radoszyc were among those who lived in Kielce. With the arrival of the new century, the world of religion and tradition began to recede into the past and the new generation took over. They shunned submissiveness to the authorities and boldly stood up for their rights. A cinema – the first in Kielce – was established, Jewish political parties came into being, and cultural and sport associations were founded. Non-practicing Jews began to set up organisations for the advancement of Jewish culture. The growth of Jewish trade and industry impeded the operations of the National Democratic party, which had a strong presence in Kielce. In 1912, slogans encouraging the residents to boycott Jewish retailers, such as “Keep to your own”, began to surface, and a portion of the city’s population started to avoid Jewish stores, handicrafts enterprises and wholesalers. Despite the offensive from the Kielce press, the boycott had little resonance with the citizens of Kielce. Jewish trade did not succumb during the boycott and new stores and wholesalers even opened. In 1914, Jews owned 276 stores in Kielce, including 85 groceries, 42 textile shops and 33 leather and shoe shops. The boycott didn’t affect the handicrafts market either. In 1916, after the death of Rabbi Mojżesz Jerozolimski, the position of Rabbi was filled by Abela Rapoport. By then, Kielce was home to 16,000 Jews. The situation in Kielce became very grave after Poland regained her independence. Hunger abounded, medicine was scarce, unemployment was rampant and the merchants became impoverished. The difficult times, coupled with the National Democrats’ efforts, brought about a rift between the Jewish and Polish communities. Even though the city had up to that point never experienced anti-Semitic disturbances, just a spark was enough during the tense political situation. On November 11 of 1918, an anti-Jew street riot erupted in Kielce, resulting in the deaths of 4 Jews and injuries to over one hundred. After the police investigation, several people were arrested on charges of robbery. The delicate situation between the Poles and Jews would continue for another several months, resulting in Poles avoiding Jewish stores and vice versa. However, the situation shortly returned to normal.
Despite the tension, the Jews of Kielce voiced their support for the establishment of an independent Polish nation. The Jews celebrated the anniversaries of Poland regaining her independence on November 11 and of the constitution on May 3, which was accompanied by a festive service at the Kielce synagogue. The sentiment of unity with Poland was especially pronounced after Hitler’s rise to power in Germany. The Kielce Jews were owners of industrial plants, steelworks, timber mills and quarries, and Jewish trade had expanded even further. The already existing stores, wholesalers and warehouses solidified their positions in the economy. Jews were at the forefront of the coal, building supplies, steel and paraffin trades and owned as many as 189 grocery stores. But trade in Poland was generally small-scale, with handicrafts also suffering, and the proposition of a boycott on Jewish trade didn’t catch on among the city’s residents. In the twenty year period between wars, the Kielce Jewish community was incredibly diverse, which was not without impact on political and social life. All of the existing organisations, from the communists to the orthodox radicals, were vying for attention. Jewish education developed and in 1918 the Jewish Denomination Middle School for boys, which enjoyed a high level of prestige, had around 200 students. The teachers of Jewish schools were very active in all of the social and cultural initiatives as well as in the Jewish community council. There were also a dozen or so private schools, of which Adolf and Stefani Wolman’s eight-class school for girls was especially popular. The Jews of Kielce also very actively participated in municipal government through their presence in the City Council, on which members of the Jewish intellectual class had made a significant mark. In addition, Jews were involved in freelance and self-employed fields, with Jewish doctors enjoying a great level of prestige and esteem. Jews never constituted a majority in Kielce; they accounted for about one third of the city’s population. But relations between Poles and Jews, although not without problems and occasional antagonism or reluctance resulting from the difficult living conditions, were generally acceptable. The census of 1931 indicated that Kielce had a population of 58,236, of which 18,073 were Jews. It was a society comprised predominantly of small plant workers, petty merchants and craftsmen. For a large number of them, Kielce was just a stop on the road to a better life, which they hoped to find not only elsewhere in Poland but also abroad. Many Jews were leaving Kielce for larger cities or emigrating, chiefly for economic reasons.
Projekt sfinansowany dzięki:
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That the Act is amended to include a set of principles to give greater effect to the target and objects of the Act and provide a set of expectations for decision-making on climate change. These principles should give priority to:
Abatement in sectors and through initiatives where the greatest emission reductions can be cost-effectively achieved;
Opportunities that deliver social and economic benefits from Tasmania’s position as a low carbon economy; and
Adaptation in areas with communities at greatest risk from the projected impacts of climate change.
The Independent Review recommends that the Act is amended to include a set of principles to guide decision making on climate change.
The Independent Review found that the inclusion of guiding principles in the Act would provide an appropriate framework for decision makers to consistently consider climate change. It notes that the principles should summarise ‘what matters most’ to ensure resources are allocated appropriately.
The Tasmanian Government supports the development of a set of principles for inclusion in the Act. The themes for the principles suggested by Jacobs align with key Government priorities for action on climate change to ensure policy and initiatives can result in additional benefits such as:
lowering costs for households and businesses;
realising economic and social opportunities; and
building communities that are resilient to climate change impacts.
The Tasmanian Coastal Adaptation Pathways (TCAP) project has been rolled out with 11 Tasmanian communities determined to be at the greatest risk from coastal hazards. Through TCAP, the Tasmanian Government has been able to work with local councils and communities to raise awareness of the projected impacts of climate change and coastal hazards, and begin the conversation about how the associated risks can be mitigated.
The Tasmanian Government has worked in partnership with DairyTas to roll out the Fert$mart program. Through a more targeted approach to the use of nitrogen-based fertilisers, Fert$mart enables farmers to produce more feed from their pastures at less cost, while minimising nutrient losses and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
These are just two examples of initiatives that support the principles proposed in the Independent Review and demonstrate their potential effectiveness. The Tasmanian Government supports this recommendation. Consultation will be undertaken with government agencies to ensure the principles are most effective.
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ARTICLE | April 5, 2011 | BY T. Natarajan
T. Natarajan
Government is as old as the society. Governance is as recent as 1900. One is a fact of power. The other is a theoretical concept that precedes in Mind before humanity reduces it to a fact of experience. For the mental man, the latter assumes evolutionary significance of extraordinary value. Man when he realises that significance, acquires a Himalayan power to take his destiny into his own hands and organise his collective life with an inconceivably greater power. The birth of coinage, which has resulted in enormous floods of money, is one example of that phenomenon. Man’s mental powers always bring such great powers under his complete control, unless he chooses to be a slave of his own creation.
Around 1900 when Governance became a considerable theme for the elite minds, knowledge was ripe to frame itself into a comprehensive theory of human existence. It was given to the world as the philosophy of creation. The Times Literary Supplement reviewing the thesis, found in it all the essential values it contained. More than one Nobel Laureate commended it to the world. Around 1970, we, in the Society, launched ourselves on a theoretical application of that philosophy to social evolution and found it comprehensive as well as precise. It was presented to many leading lights of the world. Harlan Cleveland wholeheartedly responded to it and invited us to present it to the World Academy, when he saw the results of the theory expressed in the activities of the International Commission on Peace & Food (ICPF). Governance was a theme close to his heart. There was a possibility at that time of Governance becoming a dominant theme among the elite of the world, leading to effective action of installing a world government. Instead, the theme of employment took possession of the energies of the Commission, so the theme of Governance receded into the background.
The work of the Commission on employment was fully accepted by the Government of India in 1992, though it could be implemented only a decade later. In the international economic life, it was a great forward step. It is a rich reward that a high level executive of the ILO could see the same significance in it. Recently the Secretary General of the Club of Rome declared that the global challenge of Employment is of even greater urgency than climate change. European Commission President José Manuel Barosso observed that the solution to unemployment rests with economics of a wider base. It is our view that a human-centred economics will wipe out unemployment and the financial crisis will vanish into thin air. A greater significance for human existence on earth lies in the theme of Governance becoming a concept of clarity. It will be a Seed-Idea that is self-effectuating.
The launching of ICPF was from an inner perception of the conscious and sub-conscious panic generated in the world’s population by the confrontation between the nuclear superpowers in the 1980s. Our Theory, being comprehensive, told us that such an all-consuming passionate urge of the population will instantaneously fulfill itself. Still, it required a token formal organisational effort. Hence the formation of the Commission. The political response of a dramatic reduction in the number of nuclear warheads came a week before the first sitting of the Commission at Trieste.
While we were exercised by the theme of Governance, our theoretical perception was that the initiative must come from outside. It did come in December 2009 from an elderly European statesman as a ‘crazy’ idea. Our hope that it was an evolutionary idea – Seed-Idea – was abundantly confirmed by subsequent developments in economics and employment. A member of the Club of Rome has had occasion to comment on Money in a fashion that it could lead to a solution for the financial crisis. Our Theory emphatically lays down that it takes a very long time for the right perspective to be born, but once it is there, the solution for a longstanding knotty problem is soon achieved. Thus we see the importance of the concept of Governance.
The distance between a possibility and an actuality is very great in the affairs of human existence. In such circumstances, the Theory takes the position that Man−sincere determined Man, based on sincerity, supported by some similar forces−can hasten the result. The method advocated by the Theory is to evolve a concept of Governance that carries the strength and density of mental clarity.
Facts, thoughts, ideas, self-effectuating ideas which we call Seed-Ideas are sensational, mental, practical representations of the philosophic idea of Real-Idea, an idea that can readily accomplish itself. Facts are observed by our various senses. Mind coordinates two or more facts to generate a thought. Thus, a thought is a mental essence of physical observation. It is achieved by the faculty of thinking. Mind has over a dozen such faculties. Still the mind is more than its faculties or the sum of its faculties, to speak in Aristotelian terms. Ideas are the quintessence of thoughts achieved by the entire Mind in its exercise of wholeness of existence – sub-conscious and conscious. Such ideas have two parts – knowledge and will. One comprehends and the other executes. By a higher process made possible by life experience and more so by inner mental experience, the knowledge and will begin to blend and fuse, each accepting the role of the other in a greater measure. In that measure, mind becomes more effective, moving towards self-effectivity. Should the entire thought fully fuse with the will, the simple idea matures into a powerful Seed-Idea capable of initiating action.
Sincerity is the emotion of the deepest aspect of man. One may call it the emotion of the soul, if one is religious or philosophical. Sincerity is the emotional sensation of the whole embodied being. It never fails, knows no failure, cannot fail. An individual is more easily capable of arriving at his own sincerity than an organisation of many individuals. An organisation of such individuals, irrespective of the number, will have sincerity at the organisational level. Such an organisation accepting a Seed-Idea of Governance will be able to found a world government. Our great hope is when the idea evolves into a Seed-Idea, it is possible to evoke a response from men of sincerity for this goal. Of the many requirements of a Seed-Idea, I have been emphasising the value of its clarity. Clarity is the power of truth, a status that admits of no conflicts. Conflicts arise out of irrational bases. Harmony and consequent clarity result from rational premises. Such premises arise out of the historical progress of an idea. It gets fortified by the historical evolution of beliefs, organisations, technologies, social attitudes, localised ideals, bases of human personality, etc.
Government is a vital institution of power. Governance is a mental theoretical concept of evolving ideas. Our strategy is to create what we can, an Idea, and see whether the practical goal we have in mind can be accomplished from there. This article does not hope to be elaborate by entering into a detailed consideration of every facet of the concept. Its hope is to be indicative, not exhaustive. Since the idea of world government was effectively mooted after World War I and was precipitated as an organisation – the United Nations – after World War II, and the Mind of Humanity is far more mature now for this purpose, it is possible to accomplish this aim. For instance, the veto power which made the UN possible in 1945 in the then prevailing political tension has lost its rationale since the demise of the Cold War. Pressure of public opinion must be able to abolish the veto power of the Big Five and render the UN democratic. There is more than one world issue on which a UN initiative can achieve unanimity or a near absolute majority. Such organisational initiatives are of value. The thrust of Cadmus to fashion a comprehensive Seed-Idea will go a long way in that direction.
Great ideas have ruled the world. The greater ideas have sometimes initiated revolutions. Of them, the greatest idea was human freedom. In the earlier centuries, Europe was the world, at least to those who mattered in the world. In the severely structured society of Europe, the birth of freedom as a live concept of every man was unthinkable. But the progress of humanity needed freedom imperatively. The birth of America, the land of freedom in every sense, answered that aspiration. Man was utterly free in every sense of the word. His freedom was accompanied by an equal loneliness of existence. He could seek no help, as no one was around. He did accomplish abundantly in these conditions. His individual success was also economic success. It made possible his political emergence as an individual. Individuality is an especial possession of the Westerner. In Europe, it is mental individuality. In America the bias of individuality is towards material plenty. America realised the higher truth of civilisation that its essential bases are material prosperity and individual freedom. Today she is the evolutionary spearhead of global civilisation. For the same reason, fundamentalism is more pronounced there and international terrorism has made her the target of attack.
It was in 1862 that America took the extraordinary step of unifying her states, exhibiting a political acumen that was conspicuously absent in Europe. Only after the Second World War, Europe awoke to that reality and gave serious thought to the formation of the European Union. It is a historically significant fact that as the thought of unifying Europe gained momentum, as a parallel the USSR developed ideas of freedom of various descriptions. USSR dissolved when the EU became substantial. It is not always the founder of an idea or even a company who remains the leader throughout. Often a follower takes over. Democracy was born in England and it flourishes in the USA. Buddhism was born in India but does not survive there as it does in China and Japan. Science was born in Europe but it rules the world as technology nurtured in America. Because of a deeply developed cultural basis, Europe has the possibility of being the world political leader at least in thought. If that surmise is correct, initiative of thought about employment, economics, and governance coming from Europe carries credibility.
America has no positive leadership to offer the world in this regard. Her inability to solve the financial crisis, indifference to rising unemployment, and her attraction to monetary economics help her eminently to miss the political leadership she has been enjoying. As no longer an individual is going to be a leader, so also no nation is going to play that role. That role belongs to evolutionarily advanced ideas hereafter. Clarity of thought, especially when it becomes an idea where thought and will fuse, has a very great power of effectivity. The French language has grown in eminence, has been known to have intellectual precision. No wonder it spread all over Europe even into Russia. A mother in a Russian novel chastises her child for speaking in Russian and tells her to speak in French. Intellectual clarity carries within it the power to spread.
The philosophic theme of this article is that the whole cures any deficiency of the part. Politics is the whole of which economics is a part, and employment is a small part of the wider domain of economic life. Ushering in a global government generates the power of solving these minor problems. Government is the context that activates the politician. Politicians can cure the ills created by economists. A wider vision of economics solves the problems created by narrow inspiration.
I am heartened by a further prospect that comes into view by this conception. Man’s perception of good or evil is determined by the level of development he is in. There was a time when thunder was considered evil and dreaded. Since then electricity has been studied and harnessed to serve man with minimum harm and maximum benefit. Electricity is followed by electronics. There is no evil in society except that which appears as a result of man’s inability to handle the forces he unleashes. In this context, nuclear energy assumes significance. As man grows to be fully master of himself, the effectivity of evil lessens or is even transformed into good. Nuclear energy is the most powerful energy man has so far come by but, as it is, it is not as fully under his control as other forces, such as electricity. It is right that man only unleashes those forces that can serve him. To unleash a greater force, he must wait until he acquires the capacity to control it fully. Every force that was a hindrance at some time in the past became a help later. This can be understood as man’s mastery of these forces. It can be better understood as man’s self-mastery, a capacity to be unegoistic, unselfish. Nuclear energy stands the chance of serving humanity vastly in future when we have made the necessary psychological progress. Until then we must have the wisdom and patience to wait.
Nature has a way of presenting the greatest good as the greatest evil. Human progress can be measured in terms of knowledge, mastery over Nature, technology, organisation, authority, power, wealth, convenience or comfort. It can also be comprehended by his choice of good against evil, self-discipline to be utterly human− an innate propensity to be only good to others and reject opportunities to harm another life. Such an attitude removes the basis of suffering caused by unemployment. It is a moral or ethical attitude, which arises first as a functional attitude in society. If not now, in the immediate future, it is possible for man to acquire the capacity for self-denial. When this progress results in a technological advance that makes nuclear energy completely safe, we usher ourselves into a great future.
Every war clears the obstacles to progress. It is an idea known from the days of Heraclitus, seen to be true in 1950, confirmed in the declaration of the UNDP that the world progressed more after 1950 than during the previous five centuries. At the time of discovery of the atom bomb, there was such confidence between the super powers that leading scientists advocated US-Russian collaboration on the project. Peace was more in the atmosphere at the founding of the UN than tension and suspicion. It was a great opportunity to found a world government that was missed. A similar greater opportunity arose at the demise of the Cold War. Again it was a misfortune that the world failed to move towards human unity and a global effort to govern. Nature does not miss similarly. Those energies have gone to create the Internet which is systematically demolishing secrecy, individual ego, selfishness, etc.
Those were positive opportunities. Financial crisis, nuclear arms, climate deterioration, unemployment and terrorism are negative opportunities for sincere men to act. International NGOs have grown in number and importance. That constitutes the psychological basis for the organisation of global governance.
Three years ago our Society was represented at a conference on nuclear disarmament organised by an international NGO in Ottawa and chaired by a leading Canadian politician who worked for twenty years for the abolition of nuclear weapons. The conference delegates were so discouraged by the apparent failure and hopelessness of all efforts to eliminate these weapons that in frustration the chairman expressed willingness to wind up the organization. Our member who met him expressed the very opposite opinion of optimism. It was a period when no presidential candidate in the USA would speak of nuclear weapons. Shortly thereafter, the atmosphere changed. A chain of events was set in motion that culminated in an article in the New York Times by four former US Secretaries of State and Defense sounding a different note. All the democratic candidates for president in the 2008 elections came out in favor of nuclear disarmament. The Indian Prime Minister officially reconfirmed his country’s commitment to the same goal, contrary to the expectations of senior members of the nuclear movement. President Obama made a similar pronouncement at the UN. Now that frustrated Canadian politician has become a nominated candidate for the Nobel Peace Prize. What leading politicians can do, it is my opinion, men of sincerity too can do.
The key lies with the politician, rather in politics. The move to abolish unemployment is not an economic issue, it is an issue of political significance. It strives to impart political content to democracy by ensuring political equality. Political equality has no reality without the basis of economic equality. Guaranteed employment is only the minimum; it is not full economic equality. Going further down, it is social equality of women, castes, and classes that make economic equality real. Equality before law has no substance if personal liberty is not adequately protected by the speedy redressal of grievances voiced by the affected citizens. It is the sacredness of liberty honoured that makes equality real and substantial.
To permit greed, selfishness, inequality, and egoistic attitudes in society by allowing the unregulated market to rule the roost is to be as blind as the French aristocracy in 1789. Political equality initiated by democracy, equality in economic opportunities ensured by regulated market, ready and unhesitating abolition of nuclear programmes of all descriptions are the need of the Hour. Blind men will be swept aside by the revolution of rising expectations brewing under the surface.
Author contact information:
e-mail: President@motherservice.org; website: www.motherservice.org
President, The Mother’s Service Society, Pondicherry, India
Global Governance & Democracy
Global Governance & Law
World Academy of Art & Science Draft Vision & Mission
- Strategic Planning Committee
Call for United Action
- Heitor Gurgulino de Souza
Great Divorce: Economics & Philosophy
Policy for Full Employment
The Perfect Storm: Economics, Finance and Socio-Ecology
- Ian Johnson
Science and Economics: The Case of Uncertainty & Disequilibrium
Human Rights, Liberty & Socio-Economic Justice
Capital Needs Labour
- Patrick M. Liedtke
Global Prospects for Full Employment
Grossly Distorted Picture: GDP Still Misleading
Biopolicy – Building A Green Society
Towards a Global Democratic Revolution
- Andreas Bummel
Revolution in Human Affairs: The Root of Societal Violence
- Jasjit Singh
Universal Nuclear Disarmament: What Can India Offer?
- Manpreet Sethi
Report on Activities of WAAS and Club of Rome
Abolition of Nuclear Weapons
- CAPS-WAAS Workshop
New Delhi, February 7-8, 2011
Revolution in Human Affairs
New Delhi, February 9, 2011
The European Leadership Network
Thoughts and Prayers for our Japanese Friends
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Home | Business in Action | March 19 | Wahkohtowin Development GP Inc.
Wahkohtowin Development GP Inc.
Enriching the lives of Indigenous Peoples in Canada is a much-needed investment of time and resources that will serve to enhance both Canadian cultural diversity and the nation’s economic prosperity. As of the 2016 census, the population of Indigenous Peoples in Canada totalled just less than 1.7 million. In order to best maximize the potential for improving upon the lives of these Canadians the education and learning process towards skills development of Indigenous youth is essential.
In just three short years of existence, Ontario-based Wahkohtowin Development GP Inc. is making tremendous strides in bettering the lives of those within the province’s Indigenous community. It was incorporated as a for-profit entity on March 31, 2016 following about 10 years of developmental work by the Northeast Superior Regional Chiefs Forum and its supporting materials along with the Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry MNRF Resource Revenue Share pilot funds.
Wahkohtowin Development GP is a non-political strategic planning body with a mandate to advance an inclusive, collaborative approach to economic development through First Nation – municipal partnerships and advance business opportunities related to the forestry sector. Wahkohtowin is located in Chapleau, Ontario, about 365km northeast of Sault Ste. Marie by car.
Promoting Prosperity
Since its 2016 incorporation Wahkohtowin Development has mobilized more than $8 million in monetary resources (direct, financed, grants, partnership, and foundations) toward achieving the Vision of Full Participation in Forestry and Forest Management.
The word Wahkohtowin denotes interconnected relationships meaning “kinship” and is one of the basic principles of Cree Natural Law passed through language, song, prayer and storytelling.
The Canadian Business Journal recently spoke with Wahkohtowin Development GP General Manager David Flood about the current initiatives and future plans of the general partnership. Raised in Alberta, Flood started practicing forestry in British Columbia and has spent more than 25 years as an Indigenous practicing forester. He is from the Matachewan First Nation and lives in the Treaty Nine area.
“I’ve seen the change over the decades in terms of what it takes for Indigenous communities to start economic initiatives especially as it relates to balancing the rights’-based interests with economic opportunities,” he begins.
Dating back more than two centuries, the intent of the original signed land treaties was to be of benefit to both parties – the settler governments of the day and the Indigenous people who resided there prior to contact. It’s been about a 250-year journey but in focalizing that journey over the last decade is when the Chiefs in the Chapleau area called the Northeast Superior Region to work together and create the catalyst of forests’ tenure reform in Ontario.
“Bill 151 was passed and it opened dialogue on how to improve the way in which First Nations participate in the Crown Forest Sustainability Act, sustainable forest licences, management of the forests, and the development of forest management plans,” says Flood.
Ultimately there are many triggers and mechanisms within the Act and the procedures and regulations that actually speak to creating economic opportunities for First Nations. The Chiefs gathered together in a geopolitical fashion in order to determine the best way of becoming involved in the tenure reform.
The Crown (an established, regulated and commercially-controlled entity of the government) – wanting to make an exit from the management of forests – also pushed the agenda forward.
The Magpie Forest is a Crown unit and over the past four years there has been an amalgamation process to join with the Martel Forest, which was previously owned by Tembec and now RYAM Rayonier.
“The Chiefs negotiated a principled document with government, industry and municipalities who were also meant to be participants in the overall management of the forest, because they are the obvious recipients of where the resource ends up. The mills are located in the towns and most often there is an expression of interest from the municipalities to know what’s happening in the forests and how they are being managed, ultimately leading to wood flow,” explains Flood.
Since Bill 151 came in to effect, the geopolitical creation of the NSRCF and the birthing of Wahkohtowin three years ago, there has been a successful negotiated ownership in the Hornepayne Sawmill/Co-gen assets that had previously gone into receivership.
A memorandum of agreement was signed with the mill’s principal owner Frank Dottori in July, 2017. The deal was finalized November 29, 2017 at a ceremony at Hornepayne. Furthermore, there was also a human resources agreement – a train to employ situation with the proponent to which the communities are 30% part owners. Northeast Superior First Nation Investment LP became a partner in Hornepayne Lumber and Hornepayne Power. The group consists of the Missanabie Cree, Chapleau Cree and Netamisakomik Anishinabek (Pic Mobert) First Nation and is delivering a $4 million equity investment in the two ventures. The 10-megawatt co-gen plant, located next to the sawmill, runs on mill wood waste and generates steam power and supplies heat to the kilns.
“The negotiation resulted in harvesting opportunities to which I’ve just garnered $1 million from the Indigenous Forestry Initiative Fund to start up and capitalize a harvesting company,” confirms Flood.
Guardian Program
Negotiations in the eSFL shareholder agreement process has allowed Wahkohtowin to partner with First Resource Management Group Inc (who does planning and operational management) to take on Forest Management Planning opportunities under the banner Mistikuskahk Resources Inc associated with the amalgamating forest units. Designed to create increased participation in the actual physical planning component of forest management and forest monitoring.
Outland who has mushroomed from a start-up business in 1985 to a thriving enterprise in the Forestry Services and Camps plus Catering that now employs more than 3,000 people with a diverse operations and client base from coast to coast. Outland has been running a 19 year commitment toward First Nation community and youth engagement under its Outland Youth Employment Program – OYEP. Outland and Wahkohtowin are committed to explore collaboration through a formal Letter of Intent and Memorandum of Understanding process.
“OYEP also plugs into what we’re championing and that’s our Guardian Program, which focuses on engaging community youth and elders and supporting traditional cultural values, knowledge and geopolitical relations. It’s an opportunity to move people through a skills development process to ascertain what pathways they may want to take to go through a post-secondary education or trades,” continues Flood.
David Bradley of Outland is the architect of that company’s longstanding youth program and he and his team have been strong proponents of what Flood and his team are doing at Wahkohtowin. The program is a six-week intensive live-in lifeskills/workskills experience which provides youth access to a host of required employment certifications, financial literacy, forest industry training including forest fire fighting and chainsaw, access to forest industry partners offering tours and on-the-land hands-on work experience, start to drivers license process and earn up to two high school credits per summer.
“Now with Wahkohtowin, I’m able to create a partnership with his program and say we are going to take care of the four to 16-year-olds and then with the 16 to 24-year-olds we’re also going to get them excited about location training and employing them in Wahkohtowin businesses and other businesses of our First Nations,” says Flood.
The Guardian Program is an investment in youth. Flood anticipates it will be a 10-year journey and he knows the importance of being able to excite the youth and provide them hope for a prosperous life in the future. When fully realized, the Guardian Program will have elements connecting youth with elders to learn about the land and resources; developing skills and effective pathways to employment.
“With our Guardian Program we have put together a letter of intent with Outland, which has a First Nations youth employment program that they’ve been running for 19 years. We’re partnering with them to do a very specific task, which is the training aspect on skills development for forest-based production work. The program also provides them access to getting them a driver’s licence and these also qualify for high school credits,” explains Flood.
Outland ascertained that a significant number of people in the marketplace who are looking for jobs are in fact those within the Indigenous communities and so there is the necessary human capital readily available. In conjunction with Outland, Flood emphasizes the need to capitalize on the ability to raise money and invest in the program and by extension to invest in youth.
“From 16 to 20 year olds – we actually overlap in the bubbles – we want to have a partnership because that program is like a catalyst. There is opportunity for people who have skillsets and I’m asking them to make themselves known,” he says. “We want them to visit our website and communicate with us in terms of what their skills and experiences may be. If I’m going to diversify and start creating new business opportunities I’m going to need more people.”
The Guardian Program puts people on the land to support the region achieve its objectives and advance environmental, social, cultural, and economic resiliency – building healthy communities and healthy futures.
Ontario’s Ministry of Natural Resources and Forests has something known as the Enhanced Sustainable Forest Licence implementation. The document guides the forest industry as it transitions to Enhanced Sustainable Forest Licences. It is the result of a collaborative effort from several First Nations groups, the Forest Industry Working Group, the Community Working Group and the Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry.
The Enhanced Forest Sustainable Licence Process has three participating municipalities and five First Nations that are deemed affected by the amalgamation of the Martel-Magpie Forest. The main focus is supporting the business development and participation in the forestry sector but there are also many burgeoning opportunities in energy, tourism and mining.
“We are meant to facilitate and promote diversification. We call it full participation in the forest sector,” says Flood. “In terms of the diversification mechanisms, it’s still forestry related, but we’re pushing the notion of moving beyond commodity and pulp and get into this bio-economy. Why should we feel energy impoverished in the region when we’ve got some of the world’s richest resources?”
There is bio-economy technology and if there is concentrated supportive effort between the municipalities and First Nations there are many opportunities to implement effective plans.
Now Wahkohtowin can move full-speed ahead because it’s an officially-accredited business entity, owned by First Nations. It’s now at an entirely new power-base level with a whole different talking piece as opposed to the past when Chiefs would go into the minister’s office and make requests for much-needed change, but ultimately received little to show for their efforts.
“Now there is a voice going into the minister’s office, supported by the leadership, saying ‘here’s how we’d like to propose doing the change’,” says Flood. “It’s exciting.”
Flood and Wahkohtowin are by no means solely approaching the issues from a political stand but rather are seeding with scores of other diverse benefits such as employment, training, new businesses, prosperity and own-source revenue. It becomes a catalyst for the willingness of everyone to put their political issues aside and work together. More communities are swiftly recognizing what Wahkohtowin has been able to accomplish in a short period of time and are making inquiries about joining the partnership.
“We are stabilized with our current staff: we have a financial controller, a forester working through a partnership and our Guardianship initiative coordinator lead,” says Flood.
The sense of inclusiveness is evident in Wahkohtowin’s philosophy, and in fact is part of its official logo, which consists of two main pillars that speak to the Indigenous on the one side and non-Indigenous on the other. At the base of the logo the arms are much closer together and then move away from each other. Advancing through time they curve back and are noticeably moving closer together.
“We’re in a period of reconciliation and showing that we are all connected,” adds Flood.
Flood’s strongest aspiration for Wahkohtowin is to meet a strategic outcome, which is to create wellbeing within the communities. Part of that wellbeing equation is own-source revenue. The more communities are able to achieve own-source revenue that is not fettered through Indigenous Affairs programming requirements will result in a greater level of autonomy and by extension take that money and invest it in their communities as they see fit based on local needs and priorities and healthy community building.
“Wahkohtowin is my hope and aspiration to become that own-source revenue generator – and we’re on that path,” concludes Flood. “It’s only going to get better.”
www.wahkohtowin.com
Quinsam Corporate Update on Liquidity Events
Trogarzo® to be Reviewed by Scientific Advisory Group of CHMP in Europe
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Engineering Moldovan Identity: Moldovan Writers from Stalinism to the Independence
de Petru Negura
ISSUE: Republic of Moldova: Romania’s Superiority Complex
Identity and Cultural Conflicts
One of the main tasks attributed to Soviet Moldovan writers and “creative intellectuals”, from the creation of the first literary organization of the Moldovan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (MASSR) up until the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, was to create a system of cultural values (around an allegedly distinct literary language and the invention of a local cultural heritage) which would legitimate the existence of a Moldovan “socialist nation”. In contrast with the 19th-century European nation-building process1, the Soviet Moldovan national project is designed and implemented in a very short time so as to “catch up” with more advanced nations (Soviet ones included). Moldovan writers, scholars, and artists are thus appointed leaders of a large-scale will-driven enterprise made possible with the direct intervention and under the strict gaze of republican authorities, starting with 1924 (the creation of MASSR).
Both in MASSR (1924-1940) and, later on, in MSSR (Moldovan Soviet Socialist Republic, 1940-1991), just like with other Soviet republics,2 the local administration and intellectuals were divided in two antagonistic groups according to the geographic origin and “political capital” of their members. Throughout the 30s, the MASSR administrative and intellectual elite becomes the battleground of an increasingly fierce fight, both symbolically and administratively, between two camps – the so-called Moldovenists and the Romanianists –, who got their names from their respective positions on the issue of the national language of the Republic. Moldovenists were advocates of a stand-alone “Moldovan” language, in clear-cut rupture with literary Romanian language norms. On the other hand, Romanianists were in favor of a literary “Moldovan” language every bit identical with the language written and spoken in Romania. As with other Soviet republics, the central power instrumentalized the social and political divide at the level of the local administration and intellectual elite and regularly interfered to determine the power relations and the spheres of influence between the two groups. Sometimes, however, the two factions took advantage of the changes at the top, in Kiev or Moscow, taking over local power and imposing a certain conception of linguistic and/or cultural policies. Neither of the groups was able to stay in power more than a few years in a row. Thus, the authority transfer from one group to the other automatically brought about a reversal in terms of linguistic policies, on the ruins of the previous version of “Moldovan” grammar and spelling.
The Moldovenist – Romanianist divide survives the creation of the Moldovan Soviet Socialist Republic and the restructuring of the Moldovan Soviet Writers’ Union by including a new group of Bessarabian writers. After a first time of conflict escalation between the two groups – the Bessarabians and the Transnistrians –, between 1946 – 1949 (a period later known as Zhdanovism3), the Bessarabian group wins the dispute with the Transnistrians. As a result they impose, riding the wave of the post-Stalinist thaw, a Romanian-like version of the “Moldovan” literary language and cultural heritage. The only concession made to the Moldovenist camp was the maintaining of the Cyrillic alphabet which remained a symbolic marker of the specificity of the “Moldovan” language.
Between 1924 and 1956, Soviet Moldova (MASSR and MSSR) was subject to seven linguistic “reforms” (accompanied by revisions of cultural policies), going back and forth between Moldovenism and Romanianism. For over thirty years, both the Moldovan administration and intellectuals oscillated between two opposed cultural and linguistic conceptions which lead to a split in the ethnic and national identity of the Moldovan population. The inconsistency of the national, linguistic and cultural policies promoted in Soviet Moldova, which lasted for three decades, can be accounted also on the lack of decision making on the part of Soviet central and local authorities. The lack of decision making is partly explained by the fact that Moldova was integrated in the “big family of Soviet republics” according to a peculiar sovietization formula. Most of the times, the Moldovan “case” was perceived as falling under the Western Soviet republics category, those annexed after 1940 (the Ukraine, Western Belarus, the Baltics, Karelia).4 Some other times, however, Moldova was grouped together with the Middle Eastern Soviet republics5, given the disputed nature of its territory and its predominantly rural population.
Starting with the mid 50s, behind the official façade of a Moldovan language and literature, a tacit “Romanianization” of high culture occurs in the Republic of Moldova under the pressure of Bessarabian intellectuals and with the support of cultural figures in Moscow and, last but not least, with the complicity of a part of the Transnistrian elites (who privately acknowledged the superiority of the expressive resources of the Romanian literary language compared to the “Moldovan” language). At the same time, the policies implemented by the Moldovenist camp for several decades leave their profound mark on the language and identity of both Moldovan writers and their target audience, after 1956. At present, the majority of the Romanian-speaking population in the Republic of Moldova calls their language by the glottonim “Moldovan language.”6 To the great disappointment of pro-Romanian politicians and intellectuals in Moldova, the “Moldovan language” appellation was ratified by the Constitution, shortly after the declaration of independence of the Republic of Moldova (RM).
The wave of the Khrushchev thaw, which gave Moldovan intellectuals a first taste of the freedom of expression, withdraws soon. Hopes kindled by the official recognition of the language and cultural heritage (the strongly “Romanianized” version) are shattered in 1959 by the increasingly frequent calls of the party leadership on the “nationalist” writers to behave. While the power fiercely attacks the “Romanianization” of Moldovan culture, a generalized process of Russification takes over all the spheres of the republic. From this moment on, Romanian culture and particular manifestations deemed nationalistic are banished from the public space and they withdraw in the private space of meetings and societies organized by some writers as a means of escaping the official propaganda discourse that they are forced to use in their works.
Socialist Realism as Identity Discourse
The creation of the Soviet Moldovan identity, a project started in the 20s-30s in the MASSR and continued in Bessarabia after 1940, is taken up again with renewed strength right after the liberation/ re-occupation of the former Romanian province in August 1944. Along with the press and the education system, Moldovan writers, through their works, participate in an ample persuasion and propaganda operation to disseminate and implant an ideological and identity message reflecting the interests of the Soviet power in Bessarabia and Transnistria. Moldovan literature in the Stalinist era (but also, in a “softer” form, up until the fall of the Soviet Union) passes on a strong antagonistically-structured identity message to its target audience.7
To neutralize the feeling of belonging to the Romanian nation of a significant part of Bessarabians (dating from the inter-war period), Soviet ideology builders cultivate the notion of a stand-alone Soviet Moldovan national identity. At the same time, showing the essentially contradictory nature of this nation-building enterprise, the Soviet leadership strongly opposed (particularly during bouts of regime radicalization) the emergence of any form of local nationalism deemed harmful for the proper integration of Moldovans in their Soviet “Mother Land.”
Throughout the Stalinist era (with clear repercussions on later eras), Moldovan literature builds an antagonistic identity discourse that praises Soviet Moldova and disqualifies anything related to the Romanian administration. The positive pole of this ideological construct emphasizes the agrarian nature of Moldova as it associates the country with images familiar to the rural majority of its population (Moldova is seen as a young peasant girl, as one’s countryside home, as a village between valleys, etc.). “The glorious past” and “the luminous present” of Moldova are tightly linked to another positive aspect of this identity construct: Russia. The idyllic and prosperous image of Soviet Moldova is even stronger against the background of dire poverty allegedly associated with life in inter-war Bessarabia. Finally, Moldovans are depicted as fearless combatants against the “yoke of the bourgeoisie and the landed gentry.”
The Audience: Subject and Object of Symbolic Violence
Despite its claiming to be “folk” literature, Socialist realist literature in Soviet Moldova did not achieve mass literature status, at least not during Stalinism. With the backing of the State, the writers kept trying to reach a wider readership organizing to this end “meetings with the readers” and “literary evenings” at the workplace, in kholkozy and factories. With little or no education at all, the so-called folk readership was not very responsive to the writers’ popularization campaign. Only starting with the first generations of elementary, secondary and vocational school graduates, – MASSR in the 1930s and, especially, MSSR throughout the 1950s –, one can speak of an active although small readership. This real readership also constitutes a pool of potential candidates for the literary institution engaged in an official campaign to “train cadres.” Hired most of the times as pedagogues, these young intellectuals, fresh out of normal and middle schools, work both as mediators between Moldovan writers and their “folk” readership. Thus, far from constituting a mass readership, the first generation of readers sets the bases of mass literature through their own work in schools.
Building on the schools and other mass culture institutions, Moldovan literature in the Soviet era participates in the spreading of an ethical and cultural value system. This allegedly legitimate value system will be durably inculcated in the Moldovan population through a process that Pierre Bourdieu called symbolic violence8. Thus, we can ask: to what extent the Moldovan writers believed in the truthfulness of the message they were called upon to convey to the wider public thus contributing heavily to the imposition of an exogenous axiological system? Some of the Bessarabian writers, who endorsed the Soviet power in 1940, did it out of personal conviction. Nonetheless, the subsequent fate and commitment of a significant number of their fellow writers were decided accidentally following the accession to power of the Soviet regime in June 1940 and its come back in 1944. Agreeing more or less to collaborate with the Soviet regime, the Bessarabian writers who gained membership in the Soviet Moldovan Writers’ Union were forced to adapt their knowledge and abilities to the new political requirements. This adaptation process did not go smoothly as some writers resisted more or less openly while cultivating a certain degree of opportunism. Only later generations, writers fully trained in Soviet schools, can be considered the product and vehicle of a Soviet value system and Weltanschauung.
Moldovan Writers, from “De-Stalinization” to the Present
In the late 50s, a new generation of Moldovan writers (later known as the “thaw generation”) gains membership in the Moldovan Writers’ Union (MWU) as part of an indigenization policy9, promoted by Khrushchev starting with 1956. Most of them are graduates of Romanian high schools subsequently trained in Soviet higher education institutions.
The writers who become MWU members in the 1960s (the “60s generation”) have, however, serious shortcomings in terms of Romanian and universal literature and culture as these subjects are removed from Moldovan secondary and higher education curricula in the mid 1950s. As Aureliu Busuioc, member of the “thaw generation”, confessed, the 1950s young writers “were at least thirsty to know, to learn”10. Aware of the gaps in their cultural knowledge, these young writers accept to be initiated by their older fellow writers. Trained in this era of relative liberalization, following the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (which condemns some of the Stalinist “crimes”), the writers of the 1960s generation assimilate the new Soviet slogans (which were still taken seriously at the time) and, simultaneously, a certain kind of critical thinking. The communication between older writers, trained under the Romanian administration, and the new generations of writers, MWU members starting with the late 50s, provides the latter with an alternative education to the “monopoly of legitimate symbolic violence” (M. Weber/ P. Bourdieu) practiced by the Soviet system of education and propaganda. Their spotless political trajectory makes some 1960s writers to feel entitled to question the fairness of some Soviet-imposed new norms.
Without questioning the legitimacy of the Soviet system or communist ideology as a whole, the public positions of Moldovan writers, qualified as nationalistic by the authorities, are the only type of disagreement with the Soviet regime. As a result, in October 1965, during the 3rd Congress of the MWU, the “thaw generation” and the “60s generation” unite to openly challenge the Russification of the Moldovan population and to claim the adoption of the Latin alphabet. The writers’ congress, attended by high members of the Republic’s government, upsets the latter and becomes the pretext for renewed calls on the Moldovan “creative intellectuals” to behave (a “cracking of the whip” as witnesses put it).
The Brezhnev era, also known as the “stagnation era”, is remembered by several Moldovan writers as a time of decline of literary probity: “some writers sold themselves in exchange for honors, positions, prizes” (Vladimir Besleaga11). The “stagnation era” was also characterized by “crippled” sociability (Alexei Marinat12) given the writers’ constant fear of the law enforcement agents. Several writers belonging to the 1950s-1960s generations, some of which had been remarkably bold at the 3rd Congress of the MWU, accepted administrative positions in the Writers’ Union and other cultural institutions at the expense of “taming” their literary talent, under the pressure of censorship and self-censorship.
While most writers simply follow the routine or fade into the anonymity of administrative hierarchies, a new generation of writers emerges in the early 1980s announcing the literary effervescence and “national rebirth” driven by the perestroika and glasnost policies. During the years of this “second thaw era”, the national-flavored claims of the 1965 writers, stifled two decades before, reemerge slightly louder. The writers become the avant-garde of the “singing revolution” while MWU becomes its epicenter. Driven by both democratic and nationalist momentum, more and more writers become fully engaged in politics. Some get elected deputies in the Supreme Soviet of MSSR and, after the August 1991 declaration of independence, in the first Parliament of the Republic of Moldova. Other writers become members of a Romanian nationalistic party13, in the early 1990s, and militate for the reestablishing of the interwar borders of Greater Romania.
Similar to the “stagnation era”, in the 90s, writers lose their autonomy in relation to the political power except that this time they give it up willingly. After the “revolutionary” excitement wears off, the role of the “engaged” writer becomes marginalized both in the political and the literary spheres. Towards the mid 90s, a new generation of young writers emerges, not so much through their original literary work as through so-called postmodern “manifestos” and strong criticism of the “old guard” writers, i.e. those who gained notoriety in the 1960-1970s. Graduates of Moldovan universities in the late 80s and of Romanian universities starting with the 90s, these new writers declare their determination to break with the Soviet past and the “outdated” patriotism of their older fellow writers.
Two emblematic literary figures from the Soviet era, Grigore Vieru and Ion Druta, the former living in Bucharest, strong advocate for the reunification of Bessarabia and Romania, the latter living for decades in Moscow, strong advocate of Moldovan specificity, become the target of repeated attacks from young writers organized around the Basarabia and Contrafort editorial staffs, not so much for the “anachronism” of their political stances or the traditionalism of their works as for the conflation of their literary vocations and their political missions. Eager to make it up for what they perceive as the isolation of Moldovan literature from Romanian and European cultures, the young “postmodernists” indulge in a literature of the absurd, the insignificant and the gratuitous play. As a result, they only unnerve the “older” writers who had been advocating, ever since the mid 80s, a model of “edifying” literature. These intergenerational debates only emphasize the lack of actual communication between fellow writers on the very object that defines their status and role as writers. Victims of the liberalization of the literary market after 1990, both the “young” and the “old” write and publish very little. One more reason for some of them, the “Unionists” or “Moldovenists”, to be nostalgic about a time when one could make a living from writing.
Instead of a Conclusion
The elasticization of the State intervention in the cultural sphere throughout the 1950s constitutes the ground for the long- and medium-term reorganization of the Moldovan writer institution according to rules specific to the literary sphere. This is accompanied and supported by the social changes the MWU underwent starting with the 1950s. In the 1940s, the criteria structuring the Moldovan literary sphere have a strong political connotation: geographic (Transnistrians vs. Bessarabians) and political belongingness (communist vs. “party-less”). Starting with the 1950s, on the other hand, the MWU is structured more along categories that have to do with an internal logic of the institution: belongingness to a particular generation or the practice of a certain literary genre (poetry, prose, criticism, etc.). There is a background to this social dynamic within the MWU. The fleeing of a significant part of the intellectuals active under the Romanian administration and the mass education of the population as part of the “cultural revolution” to the purpose of providing the Republic with the necessary “cadres” and intellectual professions triggered transformations of the intellectual elite of this era. The effects (and side effects) of this will-driven project of democratization of the education system – fast-paced and often partial schooling, generalized “rurbanization” of intellectuals – leave their mark on the social structure of the writer’s institution and the production thereof: literary works.
Following the “re-Stalinization” tendencies of the Moldovan administration at the end of the 50s, the issue of the language and “cultural heritage” comes up time and again as subject for debates and interdictions. Meanwhile, cultural figures, particularly “official” ones, keep disseminating and reinforcing a Moldovan identity with a “Soviet” content. As a result, the gap between the façade discourse and the private discourse of Moldovan cultural figures on what constitutes Moldovan identity overlaps with a rupture that widens in time between the feeling of belonging cultivated in the private sphere by the Moldovan cultural elite, which booms during the perestroika times, and the self-perception of the masses of Soviet Moldovans, self-perception taught to them by the same cultural elite.
Negură, Petru. 2009. Ni héros, ni traîtres. Les écrivains moldaves face au pouvoir soviétique sous Staline (1924-1956). Paris: L’Harmattan (420 pp).
The author’s task is to understand the social and political background for the genesis and evolution of Moldovan Soviet literature throughout the Stalinist period. The paper analyzes the web of individual and collective stakes and interests that contributed to the creation of this type of literature. Moldovan writers were given the mission to adapt a foreign literary model (socialist realism) to a local cultural context. This adaptation process generated certain tensions and compromises between the writers themselves (and the various groups of writers making up the Moldovan Writers’ Union throughout time), the Soviet power (both central and local), and the target audience of this literary production. The creation of the Moldovan literary language takes place in a time of ample and difficult social change for the Soviet society – and the Moldovan one in particular –, which is clearly reflected in the structure and content of said type of literature. Targeting a large audience, the Moldovan brand of socialist realism undertakes an active role in creating the ethnic and civic identity of the Soviet Moldovan population. Was this identity-building process successful?, asks the author at the end of his book.
Petru Negură, PhD in Sociology (from EHESS, Paris), Assistant Professor at the State Pedagogic University of Moldova, Chisinau.
Translated by Miruna Voiculescu
1 Cf. Thiesse, Anne-Marie. 2000. Crearea identităţilor naţionale în Europa. Secolele XVIII-XX (La création des identités nationales. Europe XVIIIe-XXe siècle). Iasi: Polirom; Smith, Anthony D. 1998. Nationalism and Modernism, London and New York: Routledge.
2 Cf. Martin, Terry. 2001. The Affirmative Action Empire: Nations and Nationalism in the Soviet Union (1923-1939). Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press; Roy, Olivier. 1997. La nouvelle Asie centrale ou la fabrique des nations. Paris: Seuil; Cf. Cadiot, Juliette. 2007. Le laboratoire imperial. Russie-URSS 1860-1940. Paris: CNRS Editions; On MASSR, cf. King, Charles. 1999.”The Ambivalence of Authenticity, or How the Moldovan Language Was Made.” Slavic Review. Vol. 58. Issue 1: 117-142; King, Charles. 2002. Moldovenii, România, Rusia şi politica culturală, Chisinau: Arc.
3 Campaign promoted by Andrei Zhdanov, high Soviet official, designed to subordinate all Soviet intellectuals to the political aims of the Kremlin at that time and to exercise significant control over the territories annexed in 1940.
4 Cf. Zubkova, Elena. 2002. “”L’Affaire estonienne” dans le contexte de la soviétisation des Pays baltes, 1949-1952.” Communisme. n° 70/71: 181-198.
5 Cf. Roy, Olivier. op. cit.; Khalid, Adeeb. 2006. “Backwardness and the Quest for Civilization: Early Soviet Central Asia in Comparative Perspective.” Slavic Review. Vol 65-3: 596.
6 According to the Ethnobarometer conducted by the Public Policy Institute (IPP) in Chisinau, in December 2004 – January 2005, 86% of Moldovans/ Romanians in the Republic of Moldova declare that their native language is the “Moldovan” language.
7 Cf. Petru Negură. 2009. Ni héros, ni traîtres. Les écrivains moldaves face au pouvoir soviétique sous Staline. Paris: L’Harmattan; forthcoming in Romanian translation.
8 Symbolic violence is a long-term process of appropriation of a value and knowledge system that benefits the interests of the dominant group and, as a result of this process, those values and knowledge are perceived as legitimate. Cf. Bourdieu, Pierre. 1999. Langage et pouvoir symbolique. Paris: Fayard; Bourdieu, Pierre. Passeron, Jean-Claude. 1970. La Reproduction, Éléments pour une théorie du système d’enseignement, Paris: Minuit.
7 aprilie: Avataturile unei revoluţii c ..
Criza identităţii naţionale în Repub ..
Inginerii identităţii moldoveneşti: s ..
Transnistria: două maluri, un război
O ţară, două singurătăţi
9 Affirmative action policy enforced by the Soviet power starting with 1924 to encourage local ethnic groups in Soviet republics by training and promoting local “cadres”. This policy is cancelled at the end of the 30s as a result of a shift in the political vision of the Kremlin towards strong pro-Russian nationalism. Cf. Martin, Terry. op. cit.
10 Interview with Aureliu Busuioc, 23/12/2003.
11 Interview with Vladimir Besleaga, 28/09/2005.
12 Alexei Marinat, writer deported in 1947, his name was cleared in 1955, interviewed on 12/16/2003.
13 The Greater Romania Party (PRM), an extreme right party. After 1991, several Moldovan writers accept to become members of this party and later on members of the Romanian Parliament on the PRM lists.
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David Bowie Karel and David – Karel van der Graaf and David Bowie For Dutch AVRO Television,1996-01-29
David Bowie Karel and David–Karel van der Graaf and David Bowie For Dutch AVRO Television,1996-01-29
song are:
2. Interview
3. The Voyeur of Utter Destruction
4. Hallo Spaceboy
5. Under Pressure
6. Warszawa
Bowie appeared in the Karel TV show on 29-01-96, the day after his performance in Utrecht. On the show he performed The Voyeur Of Utter Destruction, Hallo Spaceboy and Under Pressure. The interview itself certainly is worth watching, it can be found in full length here on YouTube. To give you an idea, I have appended a short anecdote about Bowie’s son Duncan
K: Welcome.
D: Thank you.
(Big applause of the audience, members of the Dutch fanclub)
K: Nothing wrong with your popularity. David, nice to have you here, nice to listen to your lovely new CD.
First I would like you to take a look at a little clip of film that we made yesterday.
(The clip of film: People say hi to David before the concert in Utrecht. An American girl wants to interpret his concerts for the deaf people, because his music should not be denied to them. A Dutch musician Marcel Wiegers offers his own CD to David, etc.).
D: (lights up a cigarette) I believe I saw that girl last night. I believe she was at my stage left. I believe she had quite a party there.
K: Could you believe deaf people buying your CD’s?
D: It’s extraordinary, I have a friend who is hard at hearing and his particularly way is to hear the vibration of the music and he’s got fairly sophisticated in hearing: he can recognise the instruments through the different degrees of resonance.
K: They actually want to do interpretations to all your concerts in America….
D: That’s incredible.
(Karel gives Bowie the CD of Marcel Wiegers. Bowie shows it to the camera and doing a commercial:)
D: And this is damn fine music! (laughter, Bowie then serious) I just quickly played it before I came to sit with Karel.
K: Let’s talk about Outside. For all those people who haven’t heard the album yet. There’s an intriguing although a little bizarre story behind it all. Can you summarise it for us?
D: It’s substantially some kind of murder taking place upon the front steps of an art museum in a fictional town called New Oxford Town, somewhere in America. The most remarkable thing about it is that is not merely an murder, it’s been set up as a piece of art. And the detective who will endeavour to solve this particular crime, his major problem is to define whether this is merely just murder or whether it is art. Who ever did it, that’s a problem for the police: this is an art-crime detective. My collaborator is Brian Eno, with whom I worked before in the past, and what we intended to do is by using a metaphysical story to create a diary of the last five years of the nineties. So this would be number one of a series of four or five albums. And at the end, presumably we`ll know if it was murder, if it was art who it was or who they were… I don’t know… But I think the shadow knows… (laughter)
K: Do you know any real artist, hopefully not murder, but who uses mutilation as an form of art, do you know them personally?
D: The one reason that Brian and I even settled on this kind subject matter is that there’s is a great predominance of body-art at the moment in the visual arts – pretty much a world wide movement. At the moment there’s an artist called Ron Athey who works with scarifications on his boyfriends back and then creates prints from the blood. Now that sounds bizarre in a way I guess, but it’s not without it’s prescience. The obsession with going to churches and seeing relics of our saints or in fact using pieces of body in the catholic church is quite a part of the ritual of the catholisism. I would imagine that your own museum of torture probably has a very large following, it’s in Amsterdam I believe. The relationship between the body and the pain and the excess it can take it tends amount to understanding of the universe in some peoples minds. Not necessarily my opinion, I’m merely the author….
K: Of course with André Breton in the twenties, shooting a gun in the crowd…
D: Absolutely, that was his manifest surrealism.
K: There’s somewhere at the back of my head a story of you as a young boy slicing up a dead pigeon. Is there any truth in it?
D: (Laughs) I know nothing…. I might have eaten a worm, but I don’t know of slicing up a pigeon, No, I don’t know about that one. I have to get the book….
K: You can use it in a song.
D: I think a lot of this, coming at the end of the millennium, a lot of the art that is produced and a lot of the stress and anxieties that we all have, have something to do with putting to rest the corpse of the twentieth century. One might assume that the corpse in my story is in fact the corpse of the twentieth century.
K: But then again, let not put up our hopes to high. You yourself said that when the day comes, January 1st in the year 2000 it turns to be a Tuesday morning and nothing else than that.
D: Absolutely, your greatest problem is trying to find a good news program. Probably so. I hope that that will be one of our major problems.
K: Let’s stick with André Breton. The whole thing of looking at mutilation or at violent or at murder as a work of art also brings to mind this other bizarre phenomenon of fans: loving their idols so much that they want to equalise their idols and the only way they can think of is killing them. Where were you when John Lennon was…
D: (Points to the public) There are two or three people here who are incredible decent people.
K: Has it ever been a fear for you?
D: No.
K: You lived in New York when John Lennon was shot by a guy who wanted to be as famous…
D: I find that an obsessive and a particular fear. I have merely general anxieties and they’re more about getting through a day successfully myself, hoping to achieve something and hoping to some kind of moral balance throughout the day. That for me is an anxiety. Outside problems are not an issue for me at all.
K: Have you ever understood all those screaming girls who’re just screaming because as they say: `he’s so cute
D: I never attempted to.
K: So you never succeeded?
D: I never attempted to understand it. It’s beyond my comprehension. I was a pretty obsessive fan when I was kid. I used to like Little Richard. In terms of a collector, I collected every record that he made, I tried to find as much about him as I could. I do remember when he first came to Britain, waiting outside at the stage door to get an autograph. I think I passed the autograph phase, I don’t think I got any further than that
K: I want to talk to you…..
D: Do you mind if I smoke?
K: No, please go ahead. I’m not going to tell you not to smoke. You should know better than that.
D: I know. Do you smoke?
K: I have done. Enough for the rest of my life. But please go ahead. I want to talk to you about fear. Is it true that for a long time the fear to loose your own mental health, your sanity, has been a major fear in you life?
D: I’m just approaching fifty at the moment. I think looking back when I was in my late teens, my early twenties, one of the predominant characteristic of a young person are two things: One that his life should be squashed as quickly as possible or that he will live for eternity and he vacillates between those two point. And I think there’s also a kind of romanticism attached to the zany or the crazed or the mentally unstable because of it’s assumed otherness. I think the idea of being able to observe and to be a participant in an alternative reality is very exhilarating for some young people. I think also when you’re an artist, it almost comes with the territory. And I think you assume that you must be a bit crazy just to be an artist. I had some traditional mental instability in my family so I that I was overly concerned that it may in some way apply for me as well. And then of course getting involved in drugs usage in the seventies gave it sort of long order. But I think for me personally as an artist it’s not something that I would entertain any more, I feel fairly stable… (looks like an insane)
K: (points to the audience) They’re like: `you should congratulate him now’. Still I don’t get it. If you were overly concerned because of mental disorders appearing somewhere in the family, there’s one thing I don’t understand: Why on earth, if you’re so concerned about it, do you go on stage and invent a lot of characters that you’ve played for months and months on stage and a lot of time of stage. Weren’t you tempting the gods?
D: Oh, I think that was pure shyness.
K: In one very serious interview you said: `Whether I fill the characters with my life of fill my life with the characters, that’s unclear to me.’ That shows to me that you lost yourself somewhat. That’s tempting the gods when you’re afraid of losing you sanity.
D: Not really, one doesn’t have the equipment at that age to know if you’re tempting the gods or otherwise. I think that you just flow with what you feel is a very energetic life, river of energy and excitement. I put myself in a situation where I really didn’t know what the boundaries were, what the fineline was between my characters on stage and my absolute self. And that’s something I never really came to terms with until the late seventies, when I started to find exactly who I really was by re-adjusting my life and taking myself out of a kind of pretty fast lane existence.
K: Did you in a way, like Lou Reed puts it: do a little of growing up in public with your pants down?
D: Rarely with my pants down… (laughter). And I’m not sure about growing up. I hope that I’ll never fully grow up. No, I don’t think… (laughs out loud)… no, I haven’t grown up, believe me….
K: Did anybody ever tell you that the pictures that were taken of you when you were younger, let’s say fifteen younger, look astonishly like Lady Di when she’s sad? Have a look.
(Film: David as Ziggy in slow motion.)
D: I think she looks awfully like me…
D: That’s merely the luck of the generation. I don’t know anything about her I’m afraid. Absolutely nothing.
L: And you don’t want to get involved…
D: My life is difficult and interesting enough without having to be concerned about that poor young lady.
K: Let me ask you another question about who you reassemble. Do you reassemble your father?
D: Physically? Yeah …well, I think I’m pretty much… Oh, I guess .. a medley between my mother and my father… like both …. I suppose, I guess. I don’t know. Haven’t thought about it really.
K: What kind of man was he? The typical polite English gentleman?
D: Yes, I think he probably was. He was a very decent man. I think if I inherited anything from him at all: it was maybe a love for books. He was an big reader. And that was one thing that did probably more for me than anything else that I ever applied myself to in life is that I became an gigantic reader, till this day. It still gives me the most extraordinary pleasure. I couldn’t possibly tell you how fantastic it is just to become fully involved in the thinking, in the ideas and the locations of somebody else his mind. I guess that’s why I want to write, really.
K: Did your father ever tell you when you went into the music, you’re doing the right thing, I believe in you?
D: Yes. I hope that I would pass that on to my son. He made it very clear that my choices were mine as of a certain age. He never pressed me into thinking of financial stability is being something to particularly strive for. For me it was much more a case of what is it that you will really feel will make each and every day something to look back on and say: that was really good.
K: Was it that kind of man for himself as well?
D: Yes he was.
K: Was he a successful man?
D: Yes he was a successful man. Financially? No, not at all. But as a person he was. He worked for a charity called Doctor Barnardo’s Homes. And that’s something that gave him a terrific satisfaction.
K: Would you call him an outsider, in his days?
K: No? He belonged to a group?
D: No. I don’t think that any of my family belonged to groups. We’re not group people. We’ re very self-sufficient people. Give us a book and a paintbrush and we don’t need anything else.
K: What about your own fatherhood, if I may ask. How did you do it? You were a single parent for I don’t know how many years. How can you be a single parent and act in plays and….
D: I’ve got absolutely no idea, you’d have to ask my son. I believe that we always had a very strong relationship. I don’t know. There’s no rule book to go by. He turned out to be a very bright, charming, lovely young man. He’s a good kid. He’s no longer a kid, he’s 24 years old. He’s still studying.
K: Still studying? What is he studying?
D: He’s taking his doctor in philosophy at the moment.
(A girl in the public says YES)
D: Bowie turns his head: Is that what you want to do?
The girl: Yes
D: Why would you want to study philosophy? I asked my son the same question.
The girl: Because it gives you the possibility to look at one thing in different ways.
D: Yes, I understand I agree with you. (Big smile and looks at her waiting for more.)
The girl laughs shy: But now you have to talk again…
D: (laughs out loud and than serious) She’s quite right. I think that’s why one is drawn to understanding how other people think and where they come from and where they’re going and where they been through their lives, is that, when your stuck with a set absolutes when you’re a kid – you go to this kind of church, you do that kind of think and you think this way – if you have any sense of imagination, I think you fall out very quickly of absolutes and you want to see as many avenues as possible. For me, I got to a place where I saw that I could pick bits and pieces of each of those avenues. It’s not essential to take one avenue as the gospel. No one man is right about everything or even one group of people is not right about everything. I would pick and choose little bits of everything; a little bit of Buddhism, a little bit of this, a little bit of that to give me some basis, some kind of explanatory platform for my life. And that in itself is an enjoyment.
K: So you must be incredibly proud and glad with your son picking up philosophy to study.
D: I’m so pleased that he’s going with something that interests him. I’d feel sad if he went for something because he thought it looked like a good career, in terms where I can get at the top.
K: Sons usually kiss the ground under their fathers feet when they’re seven. By the time they’re twice as old as that they’re deeply ashamed of everything their father is and everything he stands for ….
D: That happened at about seventeen.
K: I mean, you were the ultimate extravagance at the surface at this planet.
D: Yeah, he probably had a bit of a problem with that.
K: Has he never told you: David, please shut up for about a year or so.
D: I’ll tell you something that was really funny. It’s a number of years ago, I guess he was about eleven at the time, maybe twelve. A band that he really liked called PIL, Johnny Rottens band, Public Image Limited were playing near us and he said: can we go and see them and I sad: of course and he sad: I’ll go get ready. So he went upstairs and he came back downstairs and he put this wash-up red dye in his hair and straight up. And I said: If you think that I’m going out with you ….. (put his hand in front of his face)
(Great laughter)
K: What happened, you did go?
D: Of course….I think the period where one is embarrassed with one’s family, I certainly went through it, I guess that every 16 or 17 year old pretends that he doesn’t have any family, he just magically appeared on the planet or like `I was actually American’. He fictionalises some background for himself. But that’s something that passed through. I think that he got to quite like me by the time when he was 19.
K: Is it true you’re planning on having a new family again and moving to London?
D: Well, if it’s Gods will, yes, I mean that would be tremendous. I think we both love that very much.
K: And then you go live in London?
D: Possibly, we sort of looking at our options at the moment. The last few years have, and probably continue to be, pretty much travel for both of us, and especially, because I do intend doing a lot more lifework. I enjoy, am enjoying performance again, more than I have enjoyed it for years and years. And I’d just like to make the most of it while I still can…. before I bring out my zimmer (playpen). But I guess probably I’ll be pretty hard to stop even then really ….I will be the most encourageable bore, I’ll still be doing spacesongs when I’m 90.
K: We’ll give you a hint.
D: I’m sure you will (laughs)
K: Is it true you made an Arthurian tour with your wife?
D: Yeah, indeed, we … where do you find all this stuff? (laughs out loud)
K: Is it true?
D: Yes, the particularl things that you pulled so far…. When I first met her she only been to London… by the time I met her, in fact she already retired as a model, she retired in 1989, she stopped modelling. The only time that she had been into London to see anything of England was on modelling assignments. So she came in for maybe 48 or 72 hours at the time. And she really had absolutely no idea what England or London was about. I picked – I’m so Judassist – I picked the last two weeks of May and the weather was just extraordinary, it’s never like that in England and it was just quite beautiful. We took a trip to the Southwest of England, we went to Cornwall and Devon and things like all that, Glastonbury and all the sites where Arthur lived his life and lived his times. And she was absolutely thrilled and said: `This weather, it’s beautiful, is it like this all the time?’ And I said: `Yes. You just got no idea how beautiful England really is, this is the England nobody talks about..’ (performance like he’s driving). And it was just fantastic, so she’s got a completely false sense of what it’s like to live in England.
K: And you like to keep it that way….
D: Yes. (Laughs)
K: But this is almost like sailing up the Avon..
D: Well, I’m a romantic.
K: I mean, you’re even taking on wallpaper designing for Laura Ashley ! What will be next?
D: No, no, no, that’s not quite accurate, there’re two names correct, that wallpaper and Laura Ashley. (Signs to someone in the audience.) Would you bring that down here for a second. I don’t believe this, this guy has a piece of my wallpaper. (The guy give Bowie the wallpaper with a pencil.) Yeah, I certainly sign this, could I just borrow it for a second? This actually is a piece of the wallpaper that I did.
K: I did not know… who is this guy?
D: Let me explain it. I actually wanted to do an installation piece in a gallery show that I had in London and it involved creating pilasters which are sort of half columns that go against walls and I wanted them to be fairly Romanesque in style but they were covered in a extraordinary misshapen wallpaper. You could take these pilasters and move them and put them on any part of the wall that you want to. And one design that I did (shows it to the camera)…. I couldn’t find anyone to print it because it’s very hard to get wallpaper printed and then Laura Ashley offered to print it for me, for my installation. So it’s not quite designing wallpaper for Laura Ashley. What the wallpaper is, this particular one, that’s an English painter called Lucien Freud in a Damien Hirst box. And Damien Hirst is, as you may or may not know, an artist currently in England who puts sheep in boxes. So it was sort of traditional art in the hands of modern art, kind of thing. That was one of them and the other wallpaper was a Minataur with an erection, which I’m quite sure Laura Ashley wouldn’t be selling.
K: Britain is changing, David.
D: Quite pretty for the bathroom, I think…..(keeps looking at the wallpaper)
K: Let me ask you one last question….
D: …..If you’re a Minataur….
K: Can I ask you one more question? There’re all kinds of people signalling (point to behind the stage)
D: Do I have a choice?
K: No, yes, no, you don’t.
(Both laugh)
K: Why do you want go live in Britain again?
D: At some point in my life I would like to go back to Britain….I think… `I miss the gossip’… not my line, I wish it was. There’s a play written by Alan Bennet called An Englishman abroad and it dealt with a spy Kim Philby. The actress Coral Browne went to see him in his rooms in Moscow. She asks him: `What is the one thing you miss Britain more then anything else?’ And he says: `Oh, the gossip!’ I quite feel like that. What I mean by that is that I quite miss a particularly way of looking at the world that a lot of my friends…. I kept in touch… and in fact my circle of friends in England is growing considerably over the last few years and one sort of misses their company.
K: Could it be so that you’re not the complete outsider that you once where?
D: I think I stopped being an outsider quite some time ago. It’s just that I have to convince the rest of the world that I stopped being the outsider everybody thought I was.
K: You done a great attempt at this table. Thank you very much for coming.
D: My pleasure.
K: And now we’ll make some room for your band to play.
David Bowie Super-Sound Singles 45rpm (2)
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Regressive Progress and the Crisis of Communication
I've been observing two trends recently that are causing me to become more of a curmudgeonly hermit than I already am. The first trend is one that's been going on for years, but I feel has really snowballed in the last two or so: a shift to a culture driven--not aided--by technology. The second trend is one I've only started to feel in the past few months: a shift toward a culture of mass outrage and mass hysteria over any kind of news--good, bad, or otherwise--frequently spearheaded by informed citizens.
I had an idea for a short story the other day where a grandfather is explaining to his grandson why everyone from the older generation is so hunched over: they had all been enslaved, and their backs have become permanently bent from the positions their bodies had been in for decades. At the end of the story, the grand twist was to be that the grandfather hands the kid an ancient iPhone or BlackBerry, telling him something like, "This is what slavery looked like to us." We have become a culture not aided by our devices, but ruled by them.
It was, what, the 1950s or so when dishwashers and vacuum cleaners first arrived? I'm no historian, but everything I've read and seen about technology from the postwar years was that the United States, at least, enjoyed a few decades of increased domestic prosperity and happiness thanks to machines that made work easier, or did all the work for us. More time for leisure; less time wasted on chores. The American dream, some might say. A dream that, from my perspective, is twisting more and more into a nightmare.
I followed a link from Facebook recently to a news article about this grand invention that detects when the milk in your refrigerator is about to spoil, notifying you with a light-up display and via text message. Thank goodness for that; I've always found the expiration date on the bottle to be so hard to read. I realize we've had inventions like this for decades, but something about this one in particular caused me to pause and sigh at the state of technology in our world, or at least this country. We are creating devices that improve the quality of life by consuming more time and money than we can save without these devices.
Time and money are two things I have been especially aware of in the year and a half since I proposed to the woman who is now my wife. Weddings cost money. Planning takes time. Maintaining a home costs money. Working the job to support it takes time. Spending an evening or weekend with friends and a now-expanded family involves both time and money, whether it's gas money or snacks for your D&D session. Making YouTube videos and writing posts and articles is free, but the equipment costs money, as do the forms of entertainment that inspire the content, and the time investment to see a project through to completion can be considerable.
As the administrator of GameCola.net's official YouTube channel, and as a staff writer and editor for the main site, I feel it's my responsibility (and joy) to keep up with everything my comrades post. I've been finding time to catch up on a video playthrough of Phoenix Wright: Trials and Tribulations, and was stunned to discover that the last episode in a five-episode video series contains over eight hours of video footage.
In the time it takes me to watch that one episode, I could finish off an entire anime series. And when I start thinking that way about something that only takes a handful of hours, I begin to see entire months of my life disappear when I think about following through on my crazy plan to watch through the 35 years of Saturday Night Live that are available on Netflix. This is something I'm doing both for my own enjoyment and--as with any of the crazy plans I undertake anymore--so that I can share and discuss the experience with others...but it's staggering to think of how many 15-minute YouTube videos I could make in that same amount of time. (At the current rate of recording, about three.)
Even though the dilemma of what to do with my free time is shaped in no small part by the technology available to me, Netflix in particular simply makes it easier and cheaper to view the content I want than buying everything on DVD. In my mind, this is what technology is for: that 1950s vision of a more leisurely, more efficient way to live. Virtually everything I see around me today utilizes technology to make things different, and the increasing pace of technological developments--which require money to buy and time to learn--is driving a wedge between me and the rest of the tech-savvy world.
Where lifestyle-changing technology is involved, I don't do different. I do better. I'm more than content to stay on the sidelines while I observe the impact of new technology on the world before I consider jumping on the bandwagon. I did this with online shopping. I did this with texting. I did this with Blu-ray. I did this with Facebook.
I can no longer afford to be a few years behind everyone else and still expect to fit in with the culture of this generation. If I'm more than a few months behind, I'm archaic and out of touch. Things are changing too quickly, and I don't have the time, money, or interest to discover what's truly better until something is forced on me. Unsurprisingly, I'm discovering more and more that better is whatever I had before the forced change. I am a creature of habit, but more than that, I'm only seeing technological solutions to things that were never problems for me. Telephones shortened the distance between people in ways the postal service never could. E-mail opened up an additional means of communication that has many benefits over telephones. Now we've got technology that allows us to share everything we're looking at the press of a button, effectively eliminating the need to communicate at all.
That brings me to the second trend I've noticed: In a world where opinions are expressed with a Like button, we're veering away from meaningful discussions and unleashing our thoughts and feelings on polarizing issues in 140 characters or less. As my wife pointed out, everything good we post about is the best thing ever, and everything bad is the worst thing ever. Whether we're excitedly slapping up a link to this hilarious cat video or heralding the downfall of western civilization with whatever [pick one: Obama, Romney, Chick fil-A] did today, it's increasingly rare to see well-articulated opinions that take the extremist edge off of our concise gut reactions. We blow things out of proportion, or we present our completely rational and justified responses in such a inarticulate or reactionary way that we lose friends who would have at least tolerated us if we'd taken the time to explain ourselves over a cup of tea.
The trouble isn't just on an individual level, though: news travels fast through our social media-oriented culture, and our enthusiasm or outrage over something we post prompts someone else to retweet or repost the same content, adding their own enthusiasm or outrage. Repeat, ad nauseum. Now, instead of one person who's ecstatic or upset, everyone you know is ecstatic or upset. We are now statistics: X number of people think this way about animal testing, while X number of people think that way about it. There may be actual conversations that stem from the initial posts, but a quick skim through your feed tells you who you real friends are. In our solidarity, we have lost our individuality, along with our relative objectivity.
It has been unbearable to be around social media in the wake of the shooting in Aurora, Colorado that left 12 dead and 58 wounded. Unbearable to think about the loss of life, the suffering of the victims and their families, and how something so terrible could happen at all. Unbearable to think about it every hour of every day as new details emerge that encroach upon the personal privacy of the victims. Unbearable to have a flicker of concern about seeing The Dark Knight Rises on opening weekend because "midnight premiere of The Dark Knight Rises" was almost more prominent in the media's first news reports than the shooting itself. Unbearable because, from the perspective of someone who was not following the news and only seeing the headlines and snippets of coverage, the entire tragedy had spiraled into a nationwide Kickstarter campaign for actor Christian Bale to pay a visit to the victims in the hospital.
It seemed to me a surreal cause where the American people could demand the involvement of a celebrity whose only connection to the tragedy--as far as I knew from headlines and the one or two articles I'd read--was that he starred in the movie that was playing at the time. I know there's more to it than that. But my gut reaction to such a horrific event has given way to media fatigue and a sort of irrational indignation over how the whole country seems to be rallying behind a community that lost twelve people, while we remain silent on how, say, suicide is claiming almost eight times that many people a day in the U.S. Without understanding the full story, I'm just looking at the headlines and the numbers and the secondhand information, and forming opinions that make me sound like a bad person if you don't agree, and a worse person if you don't have the context of the rest of this post behind you.
So you can understand why I don't post things like this on Facebook. I couldn't even condense my feelings into a punchy blurb if I tried--but, as my wife points out, a punchy blurb is all we have to catch anyone's attention anymore. By the time you've written a thoughtful response, the Next Big Thing is here, and people have already forgotten what you're talking about. Yet writing brings clarity, and spilling my thoughts out on paper (or the electronic equivalent) allows me to sort through those gut reactions and come to a conclusion about why I feel as I do. Sometimes I need to say the wrong thing before I can get to the heart of why I said it. Sometimes I'm right, and "the wrong thing" is merely an unpopular, but valid, opinion. Sometimes I truly am wrong, which is why the door is always open for a civilized rebuttal.
My heart goes out to the victims in Aurora, and their friends and families. That there has been such a compassionate and supportive response speaks volumes about our culture. That I have mixed feelings about that response has me concerned. My willful ignorance of the full story, and my perception that social media and news media have inadvertently engineered such a massive response by skewing the story to keep Batman in the spotlight, make me worry that I'm becoming cynical in the face of something that clearly demands my sympathy. There's no question that we should care, but I worry that the media has needlessly emphasized the wrong information to draw out our genuine compassion for the right cause.
If someone on the sidelines can feel so conflicted about something so universally clear-cut, it's no wonder the people in the thick of debates about unclear issues such as politics and ethics can be so vitriolic toward those who disagree--they're probably all cynical, because people like me sound like idiots when they're firing off their gut reaction to an issue they're only partially informed about on their way to the hilarious cat video someone posted below you.
I think we'd all be happier if we started having real conversations again with each other, and started using modern technology the way it was meant to be used:
Topics: Batman, News, Off-Topic Discussion, Philosophy of Fandom, Politics, Stories of Fandom, Technology, Writing
JoeReviewer said...
Regressive Progress, oxymoron if I ever heard one.
Man, this post was so chock full of thoughtful information I had to read it twice just to respond. I think more people nowadays have become less concerned with time and money and more concerned with effort. "It may take more time to go through a crowded drive through and more money (to pay for the fuel that keeps your car going while you wait), but as long as I don't have to get out of my car and walk into the restaurant, it's better." People don't want benefit and efficiency, they want ease, despite the sometimes ridiculous cost. Sometimes this want of ease even keeps people from thinking about what is truly better, and just simply accepting something different as better, they don't want to be bothered to figure it out for themselves. This could also be applied to social media. "I don't want to put forth the effort to figure out which information I want my friends/ family/ the entire world to see, I'll just show everyone everything so that I know they'll see the parts I want them to."
Though what to I know? I'm just another teenager on the internet who thinks he knows what he's talking about despite the lack of much life experience and situations of complete independence. :P
Monday Spotlight: Why Was There No Sunday Spotligh...
Month in Review: June 2012
Informed Citizen
Waiting for ... Well, Whenever
Sunday Spotlight: James Taylor
The Return of Amazing Adventures in Self Publishin...
GameCola Recap: June 2012
Waiting for Wednesday, Volume 4, Issue 54: Even Mo...
Comic-Con International 2012
Sunday Spotlight: Toasters
Time for an overhaul.
Sunday Spotlight: Scurge: Hive
Let's Play Game Videos
Regressive Progress and the Crisis of Communicatio...
Sunday Spotlight: Gurren Lagann
GameCola Recap: July 2012
Month in Review: July 2012
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Follow @DTVConsultancy
700 million households still with analogue TV
CAMBRIDGE — The Digital TV Consultancy has announced that the ‘Digital TV World Databook 2012‘ report has been added to its Market Research store.
About 370 million digital homes were added around the world between end-2007 and end-2011 – or an average of 93 million more digital homes each year, according to the report from Digital TV Research. The Digital TV World Databook estimated that this took the digital TV household total for the 80 countries covered in the report to 675 million.
Half the world’s TV households now receive digital signals. Digital TV penetration climbed from 23.5% at end-2007 to 48.5% by end-2011. However, there were still 714 million analog TV households (mostly terrestrial and cable, with a few analog DTH ones) by end-2011. This total was down from 989 million at end-2007.
Subscriber, households, penetration and revenue data are included for the period from 2007 to 2011 for cable TV, IPTV, satellite DTH and terrestrial broadcasting.
The report covers Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bahrain, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Cote D’Ivoire, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Hong Kong, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Latvia, Lebanon, Lithuania, Malaysia, Mexico, Morocco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, UAE, UK, Ukraine, USA, Venezuela, Vietnam, Zambia.
Published in June 2012, the 350-page report comes in three parts:
A 112-page PDF file providing a global Executive Summary and Comparison Tables.
A 161-page PDF file providing data from 2007 to 2011 for 80 countries.
An excel workbook providing relevant background data for each country, so that the reader can drill down for detail at operator level.
© The Digital TV Consultancy Limited
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This is a bit of a continuation on my Old School series of posts. While my Old School vs. New School posts focused on what brands looked like in the first few bibles, versus what they looked like now, this post will take a look even further into the past, before the Gothic & Lolita Bibles, before Malice Mizer, before Lolita became what it is now. There is no clear beginning to the fashion, as it began with inspiration from quite a few different fashions, so it is impossible to say exactly where it came from, and when it happened, but the timeline of how Lolita came to be what it is today is very interesting. I would like add that this post is based on articles and essays I have read as well as several hours hunting down pictures of early Lolita pieces. I have never been to Japan or been a part of the Japanese Lolita scene, let alone been a part of it in the decades I am discussing. Just so you know.
The difference between how fashions form in the East and West
Japanese fashion trends tend to form and evolve in a very different way from Western alternative fashion-based subcultures, that is many of them begin as street fashions, where as Western alternative fashions are almost always music and club based. Because of this, Western alternative fashions have much more concrete beginnings. Just take the oldest Bauhaus record insert you can find and observe a busy street in a relatively large city and you'll probably be able to pick out several people dressed exactly like the picture on the insert. Check at the copyright info at the bottom of the insert and you can pretty much safely say "That style started because these guys were dressing like that when this album was made". But with Japanese styles, the ones that begin as simply a street fashion that is, such as Lolita, there isn't really any kind of media associated with it, to make a snapshot of what the fashion looked like at exactly that time, until it becomes popular enough for everyday people to start noticing the trend. Because of this, the beginnings of fashions are often lost to even the people who will later wear them. Lolita's early years existed only in the closets of fans, the streets on the weekend, and a few small shops. Not on albums, music videos, and magazines like so many Western fashion's beginnings.
Fashions that inspired Lolita and other romantic styles
It's hard to talk about Lolita's roots without going back quite a bit further than the 1970's. We'll have to go earlier still to the 1950's and even further into antiquity to the Victorian and the Rococo eras. Of course, there is no frilly line of lace stretching from one era to the next that leads directly to Lolita today, these are all completely separate styles that Lolita draws much of it's inspiration from. The cute and girly silhouette of the 1950's. The elegance and details of the Victorian era, and the decadence of the Rococo era are all different periods that inspires Lolita.
In my opinion, I feel that Lolita owes the most to the Victorians. Not just because I simply like it the most, but because it helped inspire the romantic fashion movement of the 60's and 70's in the west that then inspired Japanese fashions of the time, that finally helped form the roots of the Lolita fashion. Using the ruffles and romance of a very rose-tinted view of the Victorian era, fashion designer Mary Quant popularized the babydoll dress. A look that most Lolitas are familiar with. I think of these vintage romantic pieces as being the beginning of the beginning.
Two Mary Quant designs. The second one is a babydoll dress from the 60's.
The 70's and 80's: styles that influenced Lolita's beginnings.
A quick Google search will tell you that Angelic Pretty has it's origins in 1979, but those of you dreaming of frilly dresses in gold lamé with cute appliques of roller discoing bunnies along the hem are a bit off. While technically several Lolita brands were around in the late 70's and 80's, they certainly weren't making what they make today. Angelic Pretty (at the time, simply known as "Pretty"), for example, sold other, even smaller, designer's things at their shop. And the styles were much different than they are now.
Otome style from 1979 (credit)
Lolita brands that have been around for decades, well before they were Lolita as we know it now, most likely sold Otome and Natural-kei styled clothes. To those unfamiliar with the terms, myself included up until recently, let's do a quick lesson! Otome means "maiden" and refers to a more toned down and almost "mod" look (at least in my opinion), think such brands as Jane Marple, MILK, and Emily Temple Cute. Natural-kei is a very loose and, well, natural look. Imagine a prairie girl aesthetic, with lots of neutral colors and calico prints. The recent Mori Girl craze is descended from this style.
Gunne Sax dresses from the 1970's. Not a Japanese brand, but are often seen (or a very similarly styled brand) in the Natural-kei fashion of that time.
Besides fashions that can be more or less easily labeled, Japan is known for urging it's young girls to be cute and child-like. While many teenagers in the west strive to be sexy and sophisticated, there is, or at least there was in the eras that Lolita started to form from, just as much desire for a teenaged girl to be cute and adorable. Perhaps Lolita followed a less linear fashion timeline, and instead of growing directly out of the merging of two fashions, Otome and Natura-kei, which are more feminine than childish, it formed on it's own simply from the need to be cute.
The 90's: The dawning of Lolita
Since there are really no surviving online pictures of pieces of what it is Baby and Angelic Pretty were selling in the 80's, there's a big black hole in the history of the Lolita fashion. The earliest we have hard proof that people were actually wearing such things are the earliest volumes of the Fruits magazine. If you are unfamiliar with Fruits, it is a magazine that began in 1997 of street snaps in the Harajuku district. Kera magazine, the publication that the Gothic & Lolita Bibles are a spin-off of, was first published in 1998, and if they have any pictures of Lolita brands that would be an awesome source of what Lolita brands were selling, not just what a select few were wearing, sadly I could not get my hands on any of those early Kera magazines.
In the Fruits street snaps, Angelic Pretty is the easiest to spot and most frequently worn of the Lolita brands. Simple skirts in floral print that probably couldn't fit a modern Lolita's petticoat, peter pan blouses, and bloomers are regular items from the brand formerly known as Pretty in the first Fruits magazines from the late 90's. Click for full-sized pictures.
Now, you may notice that some of these aren't even remotely close to Lolita. I am not saying that these particular pictures are all early examples of Lolita, simply that these girls are all wearing Angelic Pretty pieces from the mid to late 90's. Now, Angelic Pretty wasn't the only brand on the block for girls of the 90's looking to add some frilly romance to their outfits. Jane Marple, Heart E, and even Vivienne Westwood are all brands of choice for the girls who are, in essence, our fashion's grandmothers. While the other "big name" brands certainly were around at the time, in Harajuku, where the photos for Fruits magazines were shot, no one was really wearing any of those until the early 2000s.
Shoichi Aoki, the man behind the Fruits magazines, unfortunately for us, isn't too fond of the Lolita style, so there are very few examples of "true" Lolita in the early Fruits, just the more adventurous outfits. I can hear some Lolita's gasping now, "Hey now! Huge pink wigs! Fake rhinestone eyelashes! Nearly neon prints! How is that not adventurous?" Well, Lolita back in the day wasn't so colorful and complicated. It was significantly simpler. It was also sometimes significantly... frumpier.
Today most of these would get a "Nice try! But here are some suggestions..." comment in the LJ communities, this is what Lolita looked like in the mid to late 90s. While these outfits tend to have varying degrees of effort put into them, from that gorgeous blue plaid Jane Marple dress to the couple of girls that look like they're just wearing their pinkest clothes, they all have elements that are found in today's Lolita, albeit worn a little differently. The 90's Lolita outfit can usually be boiled down to a few basic elements: clunky shoes, pulled up socks (not necessarily knee-highs), poofy skirt (petticoat optional), white Peter Pan collared blouse, and a cardigan.
The Late 90's: The rising of the Gothic Lolita
Now, you might notice that most of these girls can all be considered Sweet Lolita. Pinks and reds prevail. When Lolita first had it's big breakthrough in the west, it was through Gothic Lolita, Gothic Lolita and Lolita being interchangeable with each other for a number of years. But, as we all now know, Gothic Lolita is a separate type of Lolita, one that took quite some time to be "invented". Shoichi Aoki claims that Gothic Lolita started as a small trend around 2002, which, to me, doesn't sound very accurate. For a few years before that Visual-kei stars had been dressing up in a Gothic Lolita style. The monstrously popular Malice Mizer was at their height of Gothic decadence in 2000. And I'm sure you all know a Jrock fan or two, they are very well known for dressing like their idols. Maybe it just finally hit Harajuku by then, but his own magazine shows a few Gothic Lolita's scattered throughout, before even 2000 hit.
The first girl is wearing what looks like an eyepatch with "Pretty" written on it. Is this big brand's first adventure into smearing their name and Logo all over everything? That last picture is the very first picture, in Fruits, of a couple of Lolita's in "modern" Lolita, and it's from October of 1999. It sure took a long time to reach that point!
The early 2000's: Lolita in bloom
BtSSB's first advertisement in fruits. From February 2000. 12 years after they originally opened!
For whatever reason, be it the popularity of Visual-kei bands or simply the fashion finally spread to Harajuku, Lolita seems to explode in popularity as soon as the 90's are over. Once this elusive Lolita was finally captured, in all her glory, in the camera's lens she becomes a world-wide phenomena. Not only does she become much more frequently sighted, but her outfits are much more well put together. Dresses are more often from a brand instead of handmade (which is debatable whether or not this is a good thing) and they are also better fitting. This new Lolita has a much more defined look and silhouette.
These are looking very close to the Lolita we know now, and most of these styles are what people mean when they say "Old School Lolita" They are generally simpler than today's Lolita, but much more well put together than the Lolita of the 90's. You will also notice that many of these girls have ditched the pastels and traded them in for black and white. Shoes are still clunky, but not the monster moon boots from the future that many girls were wearing just a few years earlier. Headdresses are beginning to be seen as a "must wear" item. And, thankfully, petticoats are being worn by everyone, they might not be as poofy as the ones that are popular today, but at least they are there.
If I really want to get lifestyle-y on you all, I could describe the Lolita fashion as a flower. With how street fashions are formed in Japan as a rich soil for the growth and experimentation of the fashion, the styles from long ago as a seed of inspiration, Otome and Natural-kei as the roots, the darker Gothic Lolita as the thorns, the 90's style of frilly skirts and girly cardigans paired with cute accessories as a little green bud that finally blossomed into the detailed and extravagant style of the 2000's. What's in store for this metaphorical flower is hard to tell. I can honestly say that I don't think Lolita will be trampled and replaced with something new any time soon. Perhaps Lolita will become more of a subculture than "just a fashion", and occasionally pop into the mainstream, much like the Western Gothic subculture.
Oh look! An appendix.
Some brand opening dates. Many Lolita brand's came into being in the late 90's, early 2000's. But some brands came into being long before that.
Milk -1970
Angelic Pretty -Known as "Pretty" and was a select shop in LaForet in 1979. Became "Angelic Pretty" in 2001.
Jane Marple -1985
Baby the Stars Shine Bright -1988
HeartE -1988
Metamorphose -1993 (Click here for their beginnings and original name!)
Atelier Boz -1995
Innocent World -1997
If you're interested in learning a bit more about both the Lolita fashion's origins and Japanese street fashions in general, here are some links to the various articles and LJ posts that were great help in writing this.
Shoichi Aoki interview
Cuties In Japan essay
Translation of "The History of Gosuloli" from Rococo magazine.
Old Fashion. A Japanese blog of old school girly fashions.
An LJ post with some pictures of 90's Lolita than an idol wore.
Another LJ post with discussion of the style's origins.
Try giving EGL's search box a go with "otome" or "pink house" I found a ton of useful info in the comment chatter.
Let's Talk About Milk. A translation of a Japanese article about the history of the brand Milk, as well as some scans from the 70's.
If you got it this far through this post, thank you!
Labels: angelic pretty, community, essay, inspiration, old school lolita
Raycoli March 9, 2010 at 9:30 AM
wonderful article! I can't believe you went so in depth. I love late 90's lolita so much more than the crazy stuff we have today most of the time.
poppy March 9, 2010 at 9:32 AM
nice articles, surprized I didn't see a bunch of vivienne westwood! that brand was crinoline crazy in the 80s.
If only there were more pictures of the lold stuff, that would be awesome.
There is a post on egl of a vintage (late 70s-ish) Pink House dress that someone had from back in the day. Its awesome.
Himemiya March 9, 2010 at 9:35 AM
Wow, this is an amazing post!!
Caro-chan March 9, 2010 at 9:52 AM
There actually were a lot of pics of VW covered girls from the 90's that I decided not to include. I was trying to focus on what was being sold in Japan as Lolita, I feel like the VW girls are a different group all together, and it's just that in the 90's her style and what Lolita was then are very similar. Plus, I am probably going to put together a whole separate article about Lolita's love with VW, if I did it in this post, it would have been even longer than it already was XD
Caro-chan March 9, 2010 at 10:11 AM
Yeaah once I started I kind of went crazy XD I love it in the super late 90's/early 2000's. Maybe just because it's so nostalgic for me. Haha, I even listened to Malice Mizer while I typed up some of this!
Aimee March 9, 2010 at 11:18 AM
interesting post! I always like older stuff and information about how the brands evolved.
Personally... I feel like Western fashion comes more from Haute Couture than it does music... or perhaps more from celebrities in general than music. Like Alexander McQueen doing a plaid collection... and then 2-3 years later Forever21 and all the mainstream brands have a ton of plaid.
and there's a lot of street fashion in japan that comes from music, too.... you mentioned that later in your post.
Especially liked seeing some of these older images, as I hadn't really seen much older than the first GLB. :)
it's fun that this dress:
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_D6bdv2JFr-4/S5CGUFWcALI/AAAAAAAABpQ/m4SOhneKEDA/s1600-h/Fruits+Issue+28_Page_12.jpg
has become a classic style... you still see it for sale now from BABY or AP periodically.
all of these elements are ones you can still buy today:
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_D6bdv2JFr-4/S5Z1kMHzEvI/AAAAAAAABuA/pAdjK0pE5UM/s1600-h/Fruits+Issue+46_Page_13.jpg
it's fun that this model has been in it so long and still is in just about every GLB street snap
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_D6bdv2JFr-4/S5Z1jSX0llI/AAAAAAAABtw/k0AoS0eMt4c/s1600-h/Fruits+Issue+40_Page_15.jpg
Oops, I meant to say western alternative fashions. Fixed that now.
True that a lot of Japanese fashions do start from music too, I guess I just forgot about them as I was writing this up XD I guess I was only thinking of the street fashions.
I really love the older Lolita pieces, maybe because so many of the current Lolita trends tend to be "bigger is better" it's very refreshing and even rare to see something simple.
I love that model in the last link you posted! I have been seeing her ever since I got into Lolita, to me, her and her style is the perfect lolita.
Aimee March 9, 2010 at 12:03 PM
that last model, yes... and she does so many different styles, too! It's refreshing. I love when she wears excentrique.
Marlies March 9, 2010 at 12:36 PM
Nice article. I liked reading it and learned alot.
Asuka March 9, 2010 at 12:40 PM
Thank you for this very detailed article!
Some of those facts I knew already, but it was great to read the whole history with so many pictures. :3
I really like some of the outfits from the early 2000s.
Eleksin March 9, 2010 at 12:45 PM
That eyepatch thing the girl is wearing doesn't say pretty on it. It hard to see but in the corner of the image it looks like what it is actually printed on there is "Pierrot".
Wow, this has to be one of the most informative thing about lolita I have ever read. This must have taken quite some time to put together. I applaud you!
theosakakoneko March 9, 2010 at 1:12 PM
That's because it's Sachi.... ;)
You know...from Kokusyoku Sumire?
Aimee March 9, 2010 at 1:43 PM
wow, really? I never recognize her when she's not doing band photos or with the other member. Haha. now that you say it's her, I totally feel silly for not realizing it!
secretforkeeps March 9, 2010 at 2:09 PM
I love this post!! It's so interesting being able to look at fashion and how it has evolved and changed. This is a great crash-course in lolita fashion history. And your articles are always so well-informed, I love it when people actually know what they are talking about and don't just pass off speculation as fact. ^^
Keiko March 9, 2010 at 2:31 PM
I've seen bits and pieces of the history of loli around the web, but it's nice to have it all in one article! Good job :)
candiesandlaces March 9, 2010 at 2:46 PM
I like this post a lot, and I've also read a bunch of those things around, but never got around to writing about it. What I did, though, was [already!] translate your article for the Brazilian community again. I'll provide you a link as soon as it's on the website, since you can't see it in orkut anyway unless you're registered! :D
There are a few typos on the text, like "vivian" westwood instead of Vivienne, and a few instances of Harajuka - just though I'd let you know!
TheBigLebowski March 9, 2010 at 3:07 PM
Woah, how much research did this take? Seems like it could've been a lot. Very, very interesting. Never thought I'd see a link between mod and lolita.
Naka March 9, 2010 at 3:12 PM
this is such a great article ^^
really detailed :3
Mary March 9, 2010 at 3:56 PM
I've been following your blog for a while now, but this is definitely my favorite post! This is amazing and so informative! I love all the pictures you chose. Great job!
Caro-chan March 9, 2010 at 5:12 PM
Thank you! For both the translation and the spelling errors XD I never spell her name right, or Harajuka.
Sniper March 9, 2010 at 5:12 PM
What an awesome article! I learned so much. It must have taken so much research. That's a good point about how sub-fashions in the US almost always center around the music (how arbitrary).
It's HarajukU, btw!
I posted the translation on my blog: http://candyandlace.blogspot.com/!
Oh hahah XD See how bad I am at spelling! Now it's fixed FOR REAL this time XD
dixmacabre March 9, 2010 at 5:26 PM
Wow, amazing article!
I can see you put a ton of wok into it! And I really enjoyed reading and looking at the old school pictures, it's so interesting how the styled has changed over a decade or so, and what elements still remain.
Milktan March 9, 2010 at 9:10 PM
That timeline BLEW. MY. MIND.
O_o I knew Lolita was old, but I didn't realize the initial concept of vintage girl clothing was as old as all that. x.x
fappy March 10, 2010 at 2:59 AM
Its a strange thing that there is no music/club origin - at least not till the late 90s - when VK became HUGE. It's hard to explain lolita in an academic context when the source is so nebulous - and in a way it was protection to keep it from being co-opted as much as punk did.
Miss_Cakes March 11, 2010 at 11:00 AM
Wow. I'd always thought it began in the late 80s or 90s, not the 70s! Good grief, it could easily have been worn by people currently older than my parents!
Is Lolita really still going strong globally? While it's expanding here, I've heard a lot about it going out of fashion in Japan. Apparently Lolita is a bit passe over there. Then again, you do talk from a western point of view, so I suppose that probably isn't all so relevant.
kagitsune March 11, 2010 at 3:29 PM
Actually, the "first modern lolitas" photo is Kokusyoku Sumire, too! I think they've always had the style down. Maybe one could say they helped developed the style even more than Mana...?
theosakakoneko March 12, 2010 at 8:33 AM
Well...to be precise, it is Sachi...but not Yuka, so it's not Kokusyoku Sumire, but rather one of the members. She's been well-known for longer than KS has existed, as she was a relatively famous violinist in her own right before joining with Yuka.
Sachi has been around for a while in the scene and wears it very well, but I'm not sure how famous she was until recently. Kokusyoku Sumire was formed in 2004 and Sachi's solo violin album was also that year, and the fashion was pretty established by then. While Sachi does make a lot of the clothing that Yuka and she wear on stage, she doesn't have her own brand or particularly show off her designs, and she wasn't in the public eye nearly so much as Mana and other visual band members, so even as I love her and admire her, I don't know that her influence could be as big as that of Mana. That said, I'm sure her lovely coordinates being snapped in Fruits, seen on the street, seen on stage, seen anywhere, probably inspired many girls, and had their own influence. I just wouldn't say she was one of the originators of the style.
Kayla March 12, 2010 at 9:06 AM
Nice timeline. It's cool that you put up all the photos so we could really see it's progression!
pinkue March 24, 2010 at 1:25 AM
wow what a good information!!
Krystine March 26, 2010 at 10:45 PM
Wow, I'm super impressed at all the research you did for this! Really interesting and informative :) It was just one big nostalgia trip for me, since I was big into lolita when it was first emerging. I used to pore over Kera magazines and read them over and over when I was in high school, and some of the snaps you posted I remembered clear as day! XD
There was another lolita brand popular around 2000 called "3-nen 2-kumi" (well, it was actually a generic brand geared towards high school + middle schoolers, but they had a sub brand with its own stores) that was all old school lolita. Really frilly black and white stuff. My friend and I had several outfits from there, since it was reasonably priced and totally cool at the time (we wore them to see Malice Mizer together.. oooh yeah). Of course now it's totally out of business, but it's a nice slice of history that very few current lolitas know about! I still have a white blouse in the back of my closet from there, yellowed and old, I just hold on to for the nostalgia, lol!
kurokaze March 26, 2010 at 10:58 PM
I remember that brand! ３年２組 wasn't it? Totally oldschool XD
M_ March 30, 2010 at 2:34 AM
This was an amazing read, thank you!
Umide Hana May 23, 2010 at 12:05 PM
It's true what you said about western cultures being music and club based. While the west was celebrating grunge's rising, Japan was enjoying the dawning of lolita lol. I like them both!
Chiru-Chan June 9, 2010 at 3:22 AM
This was really interesting. I'm very new to Lolita, and I really need to know as much about it as I can. This was really useful!
Mariama August 5, 2010 at 6:26 PM
I actually really enjoy that Japanese blog about old fashion..i really like her outfits
Eliana a.k.a Arietta November 30, 2010 at 5:39 AM
Woah!! thats a long waay back, at first i never thought lolita was THAT old O.O
anyway good job!! :DD
Umiame777 November 30, 2010 at 12:32 PM
Thank you very much! This post is really helpful in understanding lolita and its orgins> I'm currently working on a Fashion history paper and My topic is how fashion is circular. The lolita fshion has elements from many diffrent eras, but Its hard to pinpoint what elements define lolita. I'm thinking of looking further into waistline and hemlines to trace the ears of inspiration....
Masha-chan January 4, 2011 at 6:22 PM
I feel so...INFORMED!! I think this clarifies so much. There's just a few things I've still been dieing to understand...when did the title Lolita get coined and where does Mana fit into all of this? I've known some Mana Cultists who believed it all started with him and I'd like to see where Malice Mizer, Moi Meme Moite, Moi Dix Moi, and his cross dressing all fits into the developement of lolita
Mary January 17, 2011 at 9:53 PM
Dear Caro-chan, I've been a long time lurker here, but I must say I love your blog! Is it just me, or is that girl wearing that white/greenish coordinate Sachi from Kokusyoku Sumire? I believe that's her again in white/pink floral outfit in your last batch of pictures. (Top third pic in last batch.) Now that is what I call commitment! XD
Mary January 17, 2011 at 10:33 PM
Umm... I think I might be able to help on a theory of were "lolita" came from. A while ago I found an excerpt online from a book; I believe it was called "Style Deficit Disorder," which said "lolita" was not a fully adapted name for the fashion until 1999, around the time the Gothic and Lolita Bible came out. From what I understood, someone outside the fashion was said to coin the name; whether they did it with malicious intention or as a joke is unknown, but for the group of girls who wore the fashion they seemed to have thought,"Oh, we're wearing clothes based on a foreign fashion, and 'lolita' sounds like a very foreign name!" When the fashion became publicized around the early 2000's, people would come up to them and mention that the name had a negative connotation, but by then it kinda became too late to change the name. I tried finding the exact link, but it was a long time ago, and it looks like google books got a little stricter in the page viewership. >< If you find the book though, give it a look, I never read the whole thing, just found it when I was researching the fashion a few years back, and it was as closest to a detailed answer I ever found.
Caro-chan January 17, 2011 at 11:09 PM
I've been meaning to pick up that book for a while, since I've heard a few people reference it.
In terms of the fashion being called "Lolita" it had to have been before 1999, http://lijaka.tripod.com/complexlolita.html Here's a Manga from 1995 about girls who wear Lolita and they're even calling it Lolita. XD I've actually been trying to hunt down this manga as well, just because of the title and when it was published!
Oh I'm pretty sure the numbers,(in terms of years), are skewed somewhat, but since I don't have any other "proof" that was the best info I could pull up,haha. Either way it seems at some point or another, early,mid, or late nineties, lolita to some girls equaled to old fashioned western clothes. I believe Ai Yazawa also published Neighborhood Story around the same time; if I remember correctly, one of the side characters was a lolita girl.^^
Caro-chan January 18, 2011 at 12:03 AM
XD Oh I know what you meant! I didn't mean to like zone in on the year you mentioned and comment on that alone! I have heard what you said about how the term got coined though and it seems very likely.
Thanks for the manga note btw! I'm always on the hunt for stuff like this :D
Mary January 18, 2011 at 1:15 AM
Oh,no problem! Old school manga can be helpful in forming a mental timeline. XD I also think it's entirely probable; I went to a public school in New York, and in the fourth grade went to school with a hispanic girl called Lolita. I wasn't aware the name even had a bad meaning until around the 8th-9th grade, when I read some articles where people were denouncing lolita fashion with the other term.
Julie Doll February 2, 2011 at 6:34 PM
What a great article! Good job.. It was a fun and interesting read :3
Magical Ice Cream June 21, 2012 at 6:34 PM
woow this is very old school but i like it! :)
staggsk1 July 1, 2012 at 8:33 AM
I just love this post! It's so informative and it's nice to see the effort you put into it, as well as the history of lolita. Thank youu. <3
Katie Toon August 28, 2013 at 1:55 PM
This post helped a bunch in the writing of my Historical Research! Thanks so much! I have no idea how you found so much history on the subject, I was struggling - people only have estimates of the time it started and I feel that dates are a major part of history haha :) Thanks again, it was very well written and informative. Even I could concentrate, I didn't get bored half way through like usual. Thankyouthankyouthankyouuuuuu!
Caro Dee August 28, 2013 at 4:55 PM
I'm glad it was so helpful! I found most of the information from reading around a lot, much of which contained translations of Japanese magazines, including a lot of talk from people who were familiar with the scene in the early years. If you search around places like EGL for otome and Lolita history you can find a lot of discussion on the topic!
Gabrielle Crystal RoseBonniee May 20, 2015 at 1:14 PM
Lovely photos ♥
how to remove cellulite October 7, 2015 at 5:40 AM
Just a lovely post of earlies 90's 80's and 70's dresses. All are looking so beautiful in this wearing.
Mueeid Soomro December 6, 2018 at 1:02 PM
Spring is closing in and it is time to start preparing for the 2011 spring fashion season.https://www.luxtime.su/
Mk Soomro December 25, 2018 at 12:29 AM
What style are you most comfortable wearing? Do you know where the fashion you feel most comfortable wearing came from?bottoms with traditional kurtis
ayamjago0809 July 1, 2019 at 12:05 AM
https://depos128.net/2019/06/16/jadwal-arena-sabung-ayam-s128-online-minggu-16-juni-2019/
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HR Boards
HR MEGA FORUM => HR MEGA FORUM => Topic started by: Jeff on February 09, 2012, 02:23:35 PM
Title: James Sturm Boycotts 'The Avengers' Film over Marvel's Treatment of Jack Kirby
Post by: Jeff on February 09, 2012, 02:23:35 PM
http://www.comicsalliance.com/2012/02/08/cartoonist-james-sturm-boycotts-the-avengers-movie-over-marvel/?icid=maing-grid7|main5|dl14|sec1_lnk2%26pLid%3D134074& (http://www.comicsalliance.com/2012/02/08/cartoonist-james-sturm-boycotts-the-avengers-movie-over-marvel/?icid=maing-grid7|main5|dl14|sec1_lnk2%26pLid%3D134074&)
You can probably expect some very crowded theaters on the weekend of May 4, when The Avengers movie opens. One person you won't find among the crowds, however, is cartoonist James Sturm, an old-school Marvel fan who grew up to be a well-respected, critically acclaimed and highly influential comics creator of graphic novels like Market Day, Satchel Paige and The Golem's Mighty Swing, and the co-founder of the Center for Cartoon Studies. Despite his genuine excitement about the film, Sturm says he will be boycotting it over Disney and Marvel's treatment of Jack Kirby and his heirs, as he explained in a long opinion piece for Slate magazine headlined "Marvel Comics' Troubling Origin Story."
In the course of the article, Sturm offers a fairly succinct capsule history of the creation of Marvel Comics, from the creative relationship of Jack Kirby and Stan Lee that kept Timely/Atlas from folding and reinvented superheroes with The Fantastic Four, to the advent of the Marvel Method, to Kirby's long and contentious relationship with the publisher, to Disney's 2009 $4 billion purchase of Marvel... and the Kirby heirs' subsequent lawsuit.
That was shut down last summer, when a federal judge sided with Disney/Marvel over the heirs. "I'm no legal scholar, so second-guessing federal judge Colleen McMahon is beyond me," Sturm writes. "But I know that Jack Kirby got a raw deal." He goes on:
"McMahon herself noted the distinction between ethics and law in her decision, 'This case is not about whether Kirby (and other freelance artists who created culturally iconic comic book characters for Marvel and other publishers) were treated 'fairly' by companies that grew rich off the fruits of their labor. It is about whether Kirby's work qualifies as work-for-hire...'"
She ruled that it did, and while that might serve to settle legal issues in a court of law, that's quite a separate thing from the ethical issues, and how various comics industry players-from publishers to creators to Avengers comics readers and movie-viewers-intend to address them.
Sturm again:
"What makes this situation especially hard to stomach is that Marvel's media empire was built on the backs of characters whose defining trait as superheroes is the willingness to fight for what is right. It takes a lot of corporate moxie to put Thor and Captain America on the big screen and have them battle for honor and justice when behind the scenes the parent company acts like a cold-blooded supervillain. As Stan Lee famously wrote, "With great power comes great responsibility."
Sturm is pretty realistic about the chances for a boycott of any kind convincing Disney and Marvel to settle up with Kirby's heirs (or the heirs of other creators), not because they have to legally, but because it's the right thing to do. Nonetheless, he adds, "if Mitt Romney is right, and corporations are people, perhaps Marvel/Disney has the capacity to feel shame."
He also notes cartoonist, author and industry activist Stephen Bissette's call for a Marvel boycott following last summer's ruling, and the impassioned response from comics journalist Tom Spurgeon, who previously addressed this issue in a 2004 interview with Sturm. Here's a piece from Spurgeon's August 2011 essay:
"[W]e live in a world where lottery winners will sometimes give money to the people that did nothing other than print their tickets, where fans will give money to someone if they express a need and do so based on the fact they benefited not to the tune of billions of dollars and enduring wealth for generations of their families but based on a satisfying artistic experience or series of them, where people routinely share their good fortune with others without a court telling them to do so-and allwithout trafficking in some heroic ideal as their stock in trade. None of this makes sense. It needs to matter more than it does."
Sturm also quotes cartoonist Seth at some length, including his comment that "what the Marvel corporation is doing might be legal but it certainly isn't right." I won't quote Sturm's killer conclusion here, for fear of spoiling it, but it's sharp, pointy and poised to draw blood.
Sturm didn't always feel this strongly about Marvel's exploitation of Kirby's creations and their treatment of Kirby, his legacy and his heirs, which he openly acknowledges in the piece. In 2003, Sturm wrote and provided artwork for a four-issue miniseres entitled Fantastic Four: Unstable Molecules. "At the time I had little reservation about working for Marvel," Sturm says simply. "Since then, things have changed."
I suppose seeing $4 billion dollars change hands and then, a few years later, millions of people downloading a trailer for a $300 million movie based on Kirby creations and co-creations has a way of underscoring just how valuable "The House That Jack Built" is, and how insane it seems that Disney/Marvel would rather fight with the children of those characters' creations in court than voluntarily share any of it.
In writing on the subject again today, Spurgeon also quoted Stan Lee's most famous fortune cookie of a line, the one he put in Uncle Ben's mouth: "With great power comes great responsibility, and I'm not sure how you define great power in our culture better than four billion dollars."
Read More: http://www.comicsalliance.com/2012/02/08/cartoonist-james-sturm-boycotts-the-avengers-movie-over-marvel/#ixzz1lvDNYjIh (http://www.comicsalliance.com/2012/02/08/cartoonist-james-sturm-boycotts-the-avengers-movie-over-marvel/#ixzz1lvDNYjIh)
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« Coping With Crohn’s Disease
Heart Diseases: Heart attack, the most common heart disease II »
Alzheimer’s Toxin May Be Key To Slowing Disease
Australian scientists say they have identified a toxin which plays a key role in the onset of Alzheimer’s, raising hope that a drug targeting the toxin could be developed to slow the degenerative brain disease. The toxin, called quinolinic acid, kills nerve cells in the brain, leading to dysfunction and death, the scientists said. «Quinolinic acid may not be the cause of Alzheimer’s disease, but it plays a key role in its progression,» Alzheimer’s researcher Dr Karen Cullen from the University of Sydney said in a statement. «It’s the smoking gun, if you like.» «While we won’t be able to prevent people from getting Alzheimer’s disease, we may eventually, with the use of drugs, be able to slow down the progression.» Alzheimer’s is a brain-destroying disease that affects millions of people around the world. As the population gets steadily older, experts estimate numbers will balloon to as many as 16 million in the United States alone by 2015. More than 200,000 people have Alzheimer’s disease in Australia and the number is expected to rise to 730,000 by 2050. Outward symptoms start with memory loss, which progresses to complete helplessness as brain cells are destroyed. In the brain, neurons die as messy plaques and tangles of protein form. The Alzheimer’s research team from Sydney’s St Vincent’s Hospital, the University of Sydney and Japan’s Hokkaido University found quinolinic acid neurotoxicity in the brains of dementia patients. Quinolinic acid is part of a biochemical pathway called the kynurenine pathway which is also found in other brain disorders, including Huntington’s disease and schizophrenia. The scientists said there were several drugs in an advanced stage of development for other conditions which targeted this pathway and that these drugs, which still need to be tested, could be used to complement other treatments for Alzheimer’s.
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FRANK BEERMANN
Biografie Französisch
The Conductor Frank Beermann has distinguished himself internationally both on the concert platform and through his many CD recordings.
His insatiable curiosity for new, undiscovered repertoire and interest in re- interpretation of core repertoire have won him numerous awards and prizes.
A core component of the conductor's repertoire are the works of Richard Wagner. His interpretations of Tristan and Isolde, Tannhäuser, Lohengrin, Das Rheingold, Die Walküre and Siegfried in the Minden Wagner projects were rapturously received by local and international press alike.
Writing in the magazine Crescendo’s special 2015 Echo Klassik Awards edition, Eleonore Büning wrote:” Frank Beermann is one of the best Wagner conductors of our time”.
His CD recordings, encompassing as much standard repertoire as they do rediscovered and contemporary works, have received multiple awards, most notably the Echo Klassik in 2009 and 2015.
Frank Beermann has in recent years devoted himself more intently to the great symphonic works of Richard Strauss, Gustav Mahler and in particular Anton Bruckner. He was thus rapidly able to add the “completed” 9th symphony including its reconstructed 4th movement to his repertoire.
Over the past 10 years, he has conducted full cycles of the symphonic works by Beethoven, Brahms, Schubert, Schumann, Mahler (except the 8th symphony) and Strauss, as well as the complete Mozart piano concertos with Matthias Kirschnereit and the Bamberger Sinfonikern; he is currently working on the complete Mozart Symphonies in a new concert series for the Hamm Klassiksommer , with performances spread out over several years.
From 2007 to 2016, Frank Beermann was Generalmusikdirektor of the Theater Chemnitz and Principal conductor of the Robert-Schumann-Philharmonie.
Recent national and international engagements have included his debuts with the Athens National Orchestra, the Aalto Theater Essen, the Philharmonia Orchestra London and the Staatstheater Stuttgart.
Plans for his 18/19 season include productions of Die Fledermaus and Ariadne auf Naxos at the Opéra de Lausanne and the Leningrad Symphony by Shostakovich with the Athens State Orchestra.
In September 2018, Frank Beermann completes the acclaimed “Ring” cycle in Minden, an ambitious project initiated in 2015 under his artistic direction and which has met with unanimous critical acclaim. Two full cycles are planned for 2019.
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Le Pen Ultimate (Ha'aretz Interview of Le Pen)
Ha'aretz ^ | 2002.14.22 | Adar Primor
Posted on 04/21/2002 11:32:49 PM PDT by N00dleN0gg1n
Le Pen ultimate
By Adar Primor
From the balcony of his home in the prestigious suburb of Saint Cloud, Jean-Marie Le Pen has a sweeping view of Paris, that takes in the Eiffel Tower, Montparnasse, and the white Sacre Coeur church in Montmarte, at the northern edge of the city. The big three-story house is surrounded by a green metal fence. Nothing about it would arouse any curiosity; there is no guard posted at the entrance, and if there are any security cameras, they are very well hidden. The only obvious nod to security is a standard intercom at the gate.
A young man in a dark suit opens the front gate. We walk along the edge of an expansive green lawn. Two statues of black butlers dressed in bright green and holding lanterns flank the front door. Between them are two very large straw baskets, of the kind used for pets. Their unusual size piques my interest. "Oh that," the young man says. "Those are for Monsieur Le Pen's two Dobermans. They're out in the yard now."
Statues of Joan of Arc fill the house; they can be found in every corner - some on horseback, others in gold, silver and in marble. In the first-floor room that serves as Le Pen's study, an oil painting in a polished wood frame draws a visitor's attention. The portrait shows a smiling Le Pen (several decades younger) against a black background. He is wearing a black patch over his left eye.
"It was about 40 years ago, during an election campaign," he explains. "Political rivals attacked me. I was savagely beaten. I was kicked in the face and I lost my eye as a result."
His opponents might see the story of the patch as epitomizing his life. They say he is a racist provocateur, someone who loves a fight, who stirs up strife and contention; a despised and dangerous man who went looking for a violent dust-up and lost his eye as a consequence. His contrasting version of events fits in well with his regular complaints of being politically slandered, of the deep-rooted misunderstandings and about systematic abuse from the establishment.
Even the more jocular aspect that he seeks to ascribe to the whole episode perfectly suits his personality: "On one occasion, a female political rival claimed that I was looking at her with a `hard stare.' I replied: `But of course, madam. You are looking at my glass eye,'" he says with a boisterous laugh.
An encounter with Le Pen can be a bit of a culture shock. The man is blessed with a rare, intoxicating charisma. Not for nothing did one Jewish political activist in Paris tell me that, if it weren't for the anti-Semitic overtones, he might well have been persuaded by Le Pen and ended up casting his vote for the man. He looks different from up close. His features are softer. His eyes (including the artificial one) are bright. He is wearing a black suit and a blue and gray striped tie, with a matching handkerchief in his jacket pocket. He continuously breaks into raucous laughter that all the other people in the room find infectious.
Le Pen has good reason to smile. In 1998, his National Front experienced a major crisis. His second-in-command, Bruno Megret, stepped down and founded a competing party. In France, talk of a collapse of the extreme right was rife. The media abandoned Le Pen. He was practically forgotten. Yet, in recent weeks, he has gained surprising momentum. His support in the polls stands at 13 percent. He has passed the Trotskyite Arlette Laguiller and the nationalist-leftist Jean-Pierre Chevenement and established himself as "the third man": the person whose statements and voters could determine the identity of the next president of France in the upcoming presidential elections, the first round of which will be held just two days from now, on April 21.
Anti-Semitism in France? There's no such thing
These days, Le Pen is trying to portray himself as more moderate in an effort to distance himself from the scandals of the past. He is still an avowed opponent of immigration. He still holds extreme nationalist, Euro-phobic and anti-American views, but he is careful to avoid saying anything that could get him pinned once again with the anti-Semitic label and tie him to the current wave of attacks in France. He watches the anti-Semitic events from afar and agrees with the consensus that says they are an import of the conflict in the Middle East.
"There has definitely been a rise in anti-Semitism and anti-Semitic acts in the past year and a half," he says. "Curses and graffiti have given way to attacks and incitement. It's all an outgrowth of what's happening in the Middle East now. The height of the flames depends on how the conflict develops, on the parties' readiness to reach a compromise."
It is very comfortable for Le Pen to observe all the anti-Semitic incidents from the sidelines, explains Jean Daniel, editor of the weekly Le Nouvel Observateur. He no longer needs to sully himself. The "Arabs" are doing the job for him, say other analysts. They are "the real anti-Semites" and, at the same time, they are earning the public's hatred. Moreover, says the analysts, Le Pen is killing two birds with one stone: He believes the Muslim immigrants are "a grave phenomenon," perhaps the biggest problem facing France at the start of the 21st century. "There is a general problem of gangs that live in the suburbs of the big cities. They are using the events [in the Middle East] as ideological cover for their actions," he says.
Gangs?
"There is an Islamic population in France, most of which comes from the North African countries. Though some may have French citizenship, they don't have the French cultural background or sociological structure. They operate according to a different logic than most of the population here. Their values are different from those of the Judeo-Christian world. Not long ago, they spat at the president of the republic. They booed when the national anthem was played at a soccer game [in Paris, between the national teams of France and Algeria]. These elements have a negative effect on all of public security. They are strengthened demographically both by natural reproduction and by immigration, which reinforces their stubborn ethnic segregation, their domineering nature. This is the world of Islam in all its aberrations."
Could "classic" anti-Semitism join with the "new" anti-Semitism in France?
"I have no idea what `classic anti-Semitism' is. I'm not familiar with this term. I don't know where it comes from and what connection it has to France and what is occurring here. There wasn't anti-Semitism in France. An isolated incident can always happen. When two drivers curse each other on the road, and one of them happens to be a Jew, you can't define that as anti-Semitism. In recent years - before the intifada - there were three or four incidents of anti-Semitism a year, and that's out of 18 million crimes and violations of the law."
There has never been anti-Semitism in France? Aren't you forgetting some things? What about the Dreyfus Affair?
"The Dreyfus Affair is an exceptional case. It's true that here and there you can find some dregs of anti-Semitism, but the situation is the same in every country. After all, you're not exactly a nation like all the other nations. You are unique, if only because you are such an ancient people, and because of the way you are spread all over the world and your obvious success in many fields. But, in all honesty, anti-Semitism in France has always remained on a minimal level, at the verbal level only. It never went as far as pogroms."
And in the Vichy period?
"Vichy is a case unto itself. The Vichy government was under occupation and carried out the orders of the German occupier. In French politics, there isn't a single anti-Semitic party, from the political-ideological standpoint."
Do you agree with Jacques Chirac's 1995 statement about France's responsibility for the crimes of the Vichy government?
"No. France was not responsible for this criminal policy. France was an occupied country, a country that surrendered and was left without the right to choose. Therefore, to be fair, you cannot say that it was a willing partner in this policy. On this I agree with De Gaulle [who viewed France as a `resistance country' - A.P.], and with practically all the French leaders aside from Jacques Chirac. I am sure that he made this statement for electoral reasons. It was a showy move designed to win sympathy in certain circles."
Which circles?
"In this case, Jewish circles. In a successful book that was published recently ["L'homme qui ne s'aimait pas" - "The Man Who Didn't Love Himself"], Eric Zemmour, a journalist from Le Figaro, quotes President Chirac as saying after his declaration of French responsibility for Vichy crimes: `I hope the Jews will stop pestering me from now on.'"
Do you consider Chirac's declaration a historic mistake?
"Yes. You cannot speak on behalf of a nation when you have no mandate to do so. You also cannot speak on a nation's behalf about things that happened in the past. He can express his personal opinion, but not in the name of France. It's no coincidence that not one of Chirac's predecessors, including De Gaulle - the great fighter against Vichy - did not make such a statement. I'm always suspicious of people who repent of other people's sins."
In the past, there were Nazi collaborators in your party. Has there been a deliberate change in the party, or have those people simply died out?
"I don't think it is accurate to say that the movement was founded or run by Nazi collaborators. First of all, my influence in the party has always been decisive and I have never compromised on these things. In the movement itself, there was no mention of fascism or national-socialism. In my speeches, I always condemned communism, national-socialism and fascism. Incidentally, I define all of them as leftist movements that were spawned by the French Revolution. The only reason that our movement was pegged with the extremist label is because of our loyalty to the principle of `French Algeria' and our opposition to the policy of separation from Algeria, which De Gaulle instituted.
"There was no reason to label us as anti-Semitic. No reason at all. I do not know one person in the National Front who committed even the most minor hostile act against a Jewish person or Jewish property. As for me, even though I have been accused of anti-Semitism countless times, no one has ever heard me make anti-Semitic statements or engage in anti-Semitic behavior. There just are people, organizations, that need an adversary and they want the public to believe that this adversary is dangerous."
Xenophobe or anti-Semite?
Is Le Pen anti-Semitic? Surprisingly, observers do not have an unequivocal reply to this question. For Jean Daniel, he is "a nationalist who hates foreigners, but is not necessarily anti-Semitic." Theo Klein, a former leader of the Jewish community in France, tends to concur: "Le Pen is a xenophobe first and foremost. His attitude toward Jews is a product of his theory that only someone who was born in France, and has no other affiliation, is French." Noted commentator Dominique Moisi says that any change in Le Pen is solely tactical. "Since crime is the main issue in the elections, and since this is `his' issue, he can portray himself as the expert and fully exploit the `I told you so' tactic by calling on the public to vote for the `original' and not for poor imitations. He no longer needs to make anti-Semitic statements, but fundamentally, he is still an anti-Semite."
Pierre-Andre Taguieff, who has closely studied the National Front and published a number of books about the party and about racism in France, says the picture is somewhat complex: "Le Pen's electorate is definitely the most anti-Jewish. According to polls published at the beginning of April, about 52 percent of his supporters are wary of Jews. Le Pen has to take note of this statistic. He also certainly identifies with the conspiracy view held by 34 percent of the French, who feel that the Jews have too much power, that they control politics and manipulate it to suit their purposes."
Yet Taguieff, who recently published a best-seller about the "new anti-Semitism" in France, is not quick to call Le Pen an anti-Semite: "It's very hard to say. I'm convinced that his ideal is a France without Jews and North Africans. But no one has ever been able to identify him unequivocally as an anti-Semite. The anti-racist and anti-fascist circles in France tend to exaggerate their legal victories against him and to forget those in which he emerged triumphant. Overall, you could say it is a draw."
His wealth of past statements do not leave much room for doubt. The biggest scandal arose in wake of a 1987 interview in which he was asked about the Nazi gas chambers: "I'm not saying that the gas chambers didn't exist. I couldn't see them myself. I haven't devoted any special study to the subject, but I believe it is just a detail in the history of World War II." When asked to elaborate about this "detail" in 1997, Le Pen explained: "If you take a thousand-page book about World War II, the concentration camps would take up two pages and the gas chambers would take up 10 to 15 lines. That's what I call a detail."
He referred to the former socialist minister Michel Durafour as "Durafour Crematoire," and described Jewish television star Anne Sinclair as "a juicy kosher butcher." When asked directly by journalists whether he was an anti-Semite, he responded: "I don't like Chagall and my favorite composer is Wagner. Does that make me anti-Jewish?"
To return to the question of the so-called "new anti-Semitism." Some say that the French government is closing its eyes to the problem for electoral reasons. How big a part does the Arab vote play in these elections?
"I don't think there is such a thing as the `Arab vote' in France. The residents of the suburbs who are responsible for the violent incidents don't take part in the elections at all. The French government is simply fleeing from responsibility. It is declining to grapple with the violent activity. It fears that tackling it would heighten the violent atmosphere and so it is preventing the security forces from intervening. This is a very risky approach because you cannot retreat indefinitely: In the end, it won't be possible to put off a response, and by then it will have to be at a much higher level of violence than if it were done today."
Do you agree with claims that Israeli accusations of French anti-Semitism were meant to encourage French Jews to move to Israel and perhaps to also keep France from playing a role in the Middle East?
"I think that it is the Americans, more than Israel, who wish to keep France from playing a role in the Middle East. In my judgement, there is a basic popular sympathy for Israel in France, but the demonstrative sympathy tends to go to the other side. In the current conflict, the French media is pro-Arab for two reasons: The large Arab and Islamic presence in France combined with the weight of the billion Muslims in the world, and the fact that Sharon is a rightist. The hostility would be less if a leftist prime minister was pursuing exactly the same policy."
Are you talking about just the media?
"I'm talking about the government and the French intelligentsia, too. The government would have preferred not to take a stand, but the constant presence of the Israeli-Arab conflict on our television screens made it an issue that could no longer be avoided. The result is that you are now experiencing what we experienced in the war in Algeria: The Israeli government says that it is a victim of terrorist activity, but this activity is less visible than the military strikes. I belonged to the 10th paratroop division that was ordered to destroy the terror in Algiers. This was after a series of terror attacks against civilians in public centers. The division did wipe out terror, and it didn't do this by being gentle with the terrorists. A war on terror is a brutal thing."
Does it include torture?
Le Pen's strong, deep voice fills the room; he is almost shouting, and frequently waves his hands. Every now and then he grimaces, and it seems as though he has forgotten he is giving an interview in the privacy of his own home. At these moments, which are relatively rare, the Le Pen we know from his public speeches comes to the surface - this is the Le Pen who ignites the masses. At this point, he loses his calm demeanor. It's clear that the subject of torture is a sensitive one.
"Torture, torture - What is torture? You have to define for me what torture is."
What is your definition of torture?
"I don't know. I would define it as `a series of violent acts that cause physical injury to individuals, actions that destroy the personality and leave traces.' Police and military interrogations do not fit this definition of torture. What's surprising is that the people who fought against torture here are the communists. And the communists are the ones who used to practice systematic mass torture in their own countries. The suffering caused by the terrorists is the real torture. The struggle against terrorists sometimes requires secrecy and it has its own rules. The enemy must not be allowed the advantage that permits him to plant bombs when and where he wants. In this struggle, everyone must carry his own burden."
On one wall of his home is a large portrait of a younger Le Pen dressed in a white uniform. His shirt is decorated with paratroop wings and various medals. The painter dedicated his work "to Jean-Marie Le Pen, who is loyal to France." Loyalty to the homeland is certainly a supreme virtue in Le Pen's book. It is directly related to his justification of torture: Everyone must carry his own burden, he says.
In 1987, the satirical weekly Le Canard Enchaine wrote that Le Pen himself was an active participant in torture in Algeria. The Liberation newspaper later published testimony of Algerian torture victims who described his actions, which, they said, included beatings, kickings, floggings with whips and chains, submersions and electric shocks. Le Pen, who claimed that his reputation had been damaged, sued both newspapers for slander and lost (though Le Canard Enchaine eventually lost in the appeals court). Today, it seems that he does not wish to recall any details.
You were accused of having personally taken part in torture in Algeria.
"Me? I won in all the trials on this subject. All the people who made these claims were denounced."
In other words, you proved that it wasn't true?
"Yes, certainly. Actually, no - I didn't have to prove that it wasn't true. We live under the rule of law here. The burden was on the accusers to prove their claims. Also, if I'm not mistaken, the Supreme Court in Israel more or less gave legal approval for ... let's not call it torture, which would just play into the terrorists' hands. Let's call it `tough interrogations.'"
On the conflict in the Middle East, do you support a French mediation initiative, would you prefer a European initiative, or to leave mediation to the Americans?
"All the efforts at mediation are not effective. I wonder if international influences might be harmful to negotiations, if they aren't pouring fuel on the fire. There is a need for a direct understanding between Israel and the Palestinians. I recognize that it is an exceedingly difficult situation: Israel feels threatened, because it does not have strategic depth. At the same time, its settlement policy is in doubt. The settlements are perceived as an attempt to annex occupied territory. To be honest, I wouldn't want to be in Mr. Sharon's place - and even less in Mr. Arafat's place (he bursts into laughter). It's a terrible situation. Even when they are supported by the West, the Israelis are still just several million versus a billion Muslims. Fortunately, there will never be Islamic unity. They're all different from one another and hostile to each other, thank God.
"The Israeli-Palestinian conflict is given totally disproportionate coverage. It's a kind of permanent theater, an endless violent movie that works more on the emotions than on reason."
Should the Israeli government have kept cameras out of the territories?
"That's the problem. We live in a world of entertainment. Cameras are everywhere now. Everything is done before the open eyes of the citizens of the world and these eyes don't always understand what they see. I think that all the countries in the world that were in a state of war used censorship. To conduct a war before the cameras, before the eyes of people who are sitting in their armchairs 1,500 kilometers away, is a big impediment. That's why I call it theater."
Can you understand the decision of the reservists in Israel who refused to fight in the territories?
"As a former officer in the Foreign Legion, I think that discipline is an army's main source of strength. What's happening [in Israel] is very serious. As soon as the Israeli people ceases to stand behind the Israeli army, the battle is lost."
Would you consider them traitors?
"I think that during war, you can't evade the difficult burden of war discipline."
Do you think the military campaign that Sharon is waging in the territories is justified?
"This is the policy that he declared. He is not betraying the commitments that he made. He said from the beginning, `I will wage war,' and he is waging a war with all the risks that involves. History will show if he was right or wrong."
Can you understand the complaints in Israel about the "hypocritical" European reaction?
"Certainly. After all, I got a similar reaction during the war in Algeria, when I served in General Massu's 10th division. We were called upon to fight the terrorism of the FLN (the Algerian nationalist movement that fought against French colonialism). The intelligentsia at home criticized our actions. It's very easy to criticize from the armchair in the living room. I completely understand the State of Israel, which is seeking to defend its citizens."
Muslims and other foreigners
What is your opinion of the war in Afghanistan and of statements like that of Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi, who spoke of a "culture war"?
"That phrase is in fashion these days. The most worrisome thing about the new Islam is the demographic data. This means it doesn't have to resort to military means to take over a country. In France, there are six million Muslim citizens who are recent arrivals. They entered in civilian dress, in jeans. They'd never let six million people with weapons enter our territory. But a person in jeans can become a soldier. If, despite their French citizenship, these Muslims feel an affiliation with another entity, they naturally become suspect in the eyes of those who one day will be compelled to confront them."
Do you see the Muslims in France as "six million soldiers"?
"Today, entire areas in France are closed even to the security forces. Sociological studies prove that potential rioters dominate in these areas. The drug trade and gang violence thrive in these places, maybe religious ideology, too. A propos this subject, I'll mention the complex problem of Israeli Arabs: The problem with Islam lies in its incredible demographic momentum. Over the next 20 years the population in four areas in the Mediterranean and Middle East - Turkey, Iran, Egypt and the Maghreb - will grow from 60-100 million inhabitants. They ought to be thought of as superpowers. Let's hope that they will be pacifistic, but this is in no way a sure thing. This is why we must protect our interests, our territory and our heritage. In this context, I prefer a regime like that of Saddam Hussein to, say, Saudi Arabia. The Ba'ath regime is secular and even permissive toward other religions. Saudi Arabia is massively funding the spread of Islam. It, rather than Iraq, should be viewed as a dangerous movement of conquest."
Moisi describes Le Pen-ism as a unique phenomenon of the radical right: "He combines pro-Israeli and even pro-Zionist attitudes with anti-Jewish attitudes, and anti-Islamic attitudes with certain pro-Arab attitudes." Taguieff says that Le Pen's internal contradictions are also expressed in the sympathy he showed in the early 1990s for the fundamentalist Islamic Salvation Front in Algeria, which fought the outgoing FLN regime; it is also evident in his nostalgia for French imperialism versus his opposition to Israeli settlements and the concept of the Greater Land of Israel.
The United States is apparently planning an attack on Iraq. How should France respond?
"A war on Iraq is nothing more than a war for American material interests. During the Gulf War, I derided all those who portrayed Iraq as the fourth most powerful army in the world. It was ridiculous: To be one of the world's most powerful armies, you have to manufacture arms and ammunition. Iraq was crushed, its army was completely destroyed and the sanctions policy caused hundreds of thousands of people to die of starvation.
"The problem with the Americans is that their disproportionate power makes them undertake policies that aren't always balanced and well-considered, and therefore dangerous. Today, there is worldwide tendency to dance to the tune of the powerful. I, on the other hand, am a French patriot concerned with the interests of France. Am I supposed to go crazy with admiration for the Americans just because they are Americans?"
Do you condone the Israeli action against the Iraqi nuclear reactor?
"Yes, of course. That was an act of prevention. True, it doesn't conform to international law, but in such a situation, there is no need to use it."
A romance with neofascism
A photographic biography edited by his daughter, Yan Marechal, says: "Le Pen always had especially warm relations with his Italian colleagues," who included Giorgio Almirante, founder of the neofascist movement MSI. On another page, Franz Schoenhuber, the former leader of Germany's radical right Republican party who served in the Waffen SS during the war, is described as "a true friend of Le Pen. Much more than just a partner."
"Le Pen has very close ties with the radical right in Europe," says Pierre-Andre Taguieff. "For 15 years, Le Pen has been openly embraced by practically all the xenophobe nationalists and anti-Semites in Europe."
Le Pen would prefer to downplay these facts. "I have no connection with Haider's party in Austria. I only spoke with Csurka (the anti-Semitic leader in Hungary) once." He professes to have a hard time recalling the name of the anti-Semitic leader of the Greater Romania party, Vadim Tudor: "I haven't seen him in three years," he says, and then immediately says something different.
In the past, you were linked with Franz Schoenhuber and his Republican party in Germany.
"Schoenhuber did serve in the Waffen SS, but there are a million others like him in Germany. After the war, he ran the television network in Munich, served as a member of parliament and headed the Republican party. His first wife was a Jew. So he wasn't an anti-Semite. In any case, this party has disappeared. Schoenhuber retired and I have no connection with them."
Do you have any connection with the NPD [the neo-Nazi party in Germany]?
"No. I don't keep track of them or of their thinking and ideology."
In the confrontation between the German government and the NPD, whom do you support?
"I don't have any opinion, because I don't know what struggle we're talking about. I'm concerned only with France and its problems."
This struggle you say you know nothing about concerns outlawing the party.
"I am against such banning. Democracy is a framework for releasing natural tensions - whether social, political or economic. It wouldn't be wise to make martyrs out of people with such ideas."
You often talk about freedom of speech and expression. You even seem to be advocating unlimited freedom of speech. Where does the boundary lie?
"The struggle against certain ideas must be made by confronting them with other ideas."
Including the glorification of Hitler, or Stalin? Do you consider that acceptable?
"There are people who do this. They should be allowed to speak and they should be contended with. I do not see any danger of a conference being held in Paris where Hitler or Stalin supporters would gather. Today, there are Trotskyites and Islamists. They also must be allowed freedom of expression. If their expression is confined to words, it should not be restricted. However, no mercy should be shown toward underground terrorist activity."
Did the European Union err when it imposed sanctions on Haider's Freedom Party?
"Yes. The Austrians have a nationalist reflex and this did more to strengthen it than anything else."
So would you like the EU to impose sanctions on your party?
"I won't ask them to do so; their demonization of me is sufficient."
Did your experience in the European Parliament change your views on Europe and its process of unification?
"I insist that, even today, a nation should have the right to defend its identity, its security, its freedom and the welfare of its citizens. I do not agree that we ought to strip ourselves of our independence for the sake of a supranational organization, whose future character is not clear to me."
How do you feel about the EU's enlargement process?
"Now they're even talking about Turkey's entry into the EU, and I ask, `What does Asiatic Turkey have to do with Europe?' Having it join the EU is an American interest and not a European interest. As a rule, I support a `Europe of Nations.' In other words, a loose confederation of sovereign states with a common cultural denominator."
When you open your wallet today, you have to pay with euros. What does that do to you?
"It hurts. I call the euro `the currency of occupation'; it's the currency of the European Bank, of Frankfurt [seat of the European Bank]. It doesn't express anything for me. The franc, on the other hand, is bound to our national and historic identity. The loss of our monetary independence will lead to the loss of our budgetary independence, and then to our political independence as well."
You talk about "the currency of Frankfurt." Are you concerned about the developments in French-German relations?
"We mustn't delude ourselves. Europe is already `German.' Germany is the geopolitical center of Europe. It is the largest country on the continent, demographically and economically, and its influence will only grow after the Eastern European countries are added to the EU, since they are essentially the German hinterland."
Is the federalization of Europe a realistic possibility?
"I believe that is the direction in which we are heading. It is happening faster and faster. Now they're saying that, as we already have the euro, we should also establish a (European) government. And so we see people - like Chirac, who 10 years ago was an opponent of Europe - proposing that Europe should have an elected president, something that is of course contrary to the French constitution, of which he (Chirac) is supposed to be the defender."
In other words, you acknowledge that your camp, the nationalist camp, has been defeated on the matter of Europe?
"Certainly. It's abundantly clear that the patriotic camp lost and continues to lose. But this doesn't mean that it will always be this way."
Le Pen sees himself making it to the second round of the elections. That is what he says in public, at least. According to his rosy scenario, he will win 19 percent in the first round, surpassing Socialist Prime Minister Lionel Jospin (who will take 18 percent) and then, on May 5, run against Chirac (whom he predicts will get 22 percent in the first round). Most analysts are not ready to take this possibility seriously. Le Pen is too old, some say. He hasn't successfully reinvented himself, he's run out of steam - These are some of the explanations now being offered. Others, like Theo Klein for instance, warn that Le Pen is still "potentially" dangerous: "There are enough French people who wish to protest and find the National Front a convenient vehicle for expressing their protest. Keep in mind that at least 50 percent of the voters have yet to decide whom they're going to vote for."
Taguieff explains that any Le Pen success in the presidential elections would be especially dangerous because it would enable his party to take advantage of the momentum in the runup to the parliamentary elections scheduled for June.
Many believe that the current election campaign will be Le Pen's last. The National Front is considered a party without a political elite. Le Pen has always made sure to keep top members of his party from rising any higher; he has got rid of any charismatic and threatening figures, and anyone who seemed likely to emerge as his successor. For this reason, the prevailing assessment is that his retirement will spell the end of the National Front.
Le Pen begs to differ: "The cemeteries are full of indispensible people. My central position in the movement derives from the fact that I founded it and led it to important achievements. But when I am compelled to retire, someone else will replace me. When this happens, the press will probably publish a few long articles about my life, but three weeks later, no one will pay any attention to me, except perhaps my personal friends who will raise a toast on my birthday."
Jean-Marie Le Pen, 73, was born in the port city of Trinite-sur-Mer, in the Bretagne province, on June 20, 1928. When he was 14, his father, a fisherman, was killed when his ship hit a mine that had been planted by the Germans. In 1949, he was elected president of the radical right-wing student union at the University of Paris law school, where he got his degree. In 1954, he enlisted in the paratroops and was sent to serve in Indochina. In 1955, he was discharged and joined Pierre Poujade's populist movement. At age 28, Le Pen became the youngest member of parliament in France's history. He reenlisted in the army the same year, participated in the Suez campaign and was subsequently sent to Algeria.
In 1972, he founded the National Front. The first time he ran for president, in 1974, he got less than 1 percent of the vote. In 1988, his support leapt to 14.4 percent, and in 1995, it went up to 15.2 percent. He has also been a member of the European Parliament since 1984.
He is married to Jany (his second wife) and the father of three daughters from his first wife, Pierrette.n
"I hope that at the end of this questionnaire, they won't put me before a firing squad," jokes Jean-Marie Le Pen, after he consents to "risk it" and play the association game.
The French Revolution - "A bloody calamity for the French people. This revolution spawned two dreadful bastards: Nazism and communism."
Socialism - "Today's socialist parties are bourgeois parties whose stance is the same as the declared stance of the centrist parties in the past. If that's the case, then why not socialism? Still, I am not a socialist."
The Church - "I don't visit it often enough. That's what my late mother would certainly think."
Racism - "I am not a racist. I do not understand the theory of the superiority of the races at all, but there is a difference between the races: Black is not white and white is not Japanese. That doesn't mean one race or another should be idealized."
Xenophobia - "I am not a xenophobe. I am a Francophile."
French culture - "I believe in it. I think that France fulfills a unique cultural role in the world and that the French language greatly enriches world culture."
European unification - "I am totally against it."
The death penalty - "I am in favor."
The skullcap - "The skullcap that Catholic priests wear? I don't have anything against the skullcap. It's a personal choice."
The Muslim veil - "It protects us from ugly women."
The Dreyfus Affair - "Dreyfus was exonerated and that concluded the affair. We should remember that among those who sided with Dreyfus at the time were people from the right, and that some from the left were among his opponents." Auschwitz - "A concentration camp that symbolizes the persecution of the Jews."
The gas chambers - "A method of extermination that also became a symbol of that persecution."
Israel - "An extraordinary challenge in the world history of a people that is trying to reconquer its homeland."
Zionism - "The movement that transformed the persistent aspiration of the Jewish people in exile into a practical theory, and realized it."
De Gaulle - "A controversial personality, but the figure of 20th-century French history."
A non-Christian president in France - "I am against it. I believe the president should belong to the religion and culture of the majority of the citizens."
Colonialism - "It had a positive influence on the development of the populations that were subject to its authority. Of course, one could argue at length about whether these populations are really happier in jeans and tennis shoes than running barefoot in the wild. I have no answer to that."
Zinadine Zidane (the French soccer star, who is a Muslim of Algerian background) - "A charming young man, a great player. Personally, I like him."
Anne Sinclair (the Jewish television star who sued Le Pen for calling her "a juicy kosher butcher," and won) - "My personal nemesis (He laughs). I never understood why she was persecuting me. I think she got me mixed up with someone else (more laughter). She always thought that I was the one using wordplay to make a joke at her expense. But it wasn't me, it was someone else."
Haider - "A brilliant opportunist who used his talents to appropriate Austrian nationalism, and thereby gained a big political achievement, without deriving any direct benefit from it."
Joan of Arc - "My favorite statesman (He uses the masculine formulation)."
Thatcher - "I admire her very much. `A real man,' like Golda Meir."
Collaborators with Hitler - "France was an occupied country. There were two kinds of collaborators: those who were forced by the Nazis to collaborate and those who viewed Hitler as the realization of anti-communist socialism. The latter were almost all leftists, by the way."
Mitterrand - "A talented statesman. He was no more of a socialist than I am, but he knew how to use the slogan of socialism for his own good, almost like Jacques Chirac."
George Bush - "A fellow who is lucky to have had a father."
Women - "I'm in favor."
TOPICS: Foreign Affairs; Israel; Politics/Elections
KEYWORDS: europelist; lepen; zionist
1 posted on 04/21/2002 11:32:49 PM PDT by N00dleN0gg1n
To: N00dleN0gg1n
The French. What can you say?
2 posted on 04/21/2002 11:37:48 PM PDT by kezekiel
When the mainstream dare not discuss important issues directly, men like Le Pen will thrive.
3 posted on 04/21/2002 11:47:58 PM PDT by JAWs
he is anti-american and somewhat anti-semitic - the guy doesn't sound too different from other politicians in France, so whats the big deal??
4 posted on 04/22/2002 12:34:46 AM PDT by GeronL
Comment #5 Removed by Moderator
To: N00dleN0gg1n,monkeyshine, ipaq2000, Lent, veronica, Sabramerican, beowolf, Nachum, BenF, angelo,
If you want on or off me Israel/MidEast/Islamic Jihad ping list please let me know. Via Freepmail is best way.............
8 posted on 04/24/2002 11:31:57 PM PDT by dennisw
"Pierre De L'Briavsky" in reverse.
9 posted on 04/24/2002 11:45:44 PM PDT by onedoug
but I believe it is just a detail in the history of World War II
Out of all the articles so far that I've read about Le Pen's anti-semitism, this is all I've seen of what he's said that documents it. Liberals are on the side of the Palestinians now against the Jews, even marching with them on Hitler's birthday here in the US so liberals have nothing to say anymore about anti-semitism, they've aligned with the worst anti-Jews there are.
10 posted on 04/25/2002 5:22:01 AM PDT by FITZ
To: dennisw
12,000,000 people gassed, shot, starved, worked to death, that's a heck of a detail buddy. If this guy is the cure for what's ailing France it seems to me the cure is as bad as the disease.
11 posted on 04/25/2002 6:02:04 AM PDT by Valin
To: abwehr;dennisw;jmurphy4413;Freee-dame;maica;lent;Squantos;harpseal;,wardaddy;JohnHuang2;GeronL...
He's much smarter than I thought: I had been led by the media to believe he was a drooler who would pound his shoe on a lecturn like Kruschev to make a point.
He's also more intellectually honest in stating his opinions than 99% of the weasel politicians we are cursed with in the USA.
12 posted on 04/25/2002 9:37:39 AM PDT by Travis McGee
To: Valin
That's a very cold appraisal, but I believe he is looking at WW2 from an overall political-military perspectve. 20 million+ Russians died, a like number of Chinese, the war raged across three continents. I take it that he is saying the Holocuast should not be the main focus of a world war involving a billion people in 30 or 40 nations which killed something like 100 million.
Now perhaps LePen is wrong in his assessment that the Holocaust will only merit a few pages in a 1000 page history of WW2, but perhaps the exact count of pages dedicated to it is also "a detail" as he would say.
To: kezekiel
What? I like this guy. Le Pen doesn't seem half as nuts as the American media makes him out to be, let alone the EU media.
Le Pen sees himself making it to the second round of the elections. That is what he says in public, at least. According to his rosy scenario, he will win 19 percent in the first round, surpassing Socialist Prime Minister Lionel Jospin (who will take 18 percent) and then, on May 5, run against Chirac (whom he predicts will get 22 percent in the first round). Most analysts are not ready to take this possibility seriously. Le Pen is too old, some say. He hasn't successfully reinvented himself, he's run out of steam -
Boy, aren't the experts feeling like a bunch of idiots?
14 posted on 04/25/2002 10:28:53 AM PDT by Stavka2
To: seamole
Yup, so much for the American freedom of speech.
To: Stavka2
What's French is their reaction to him. This guy gets about 1 in 6 votes, the other 5 going to the Left, and now he's this chilling threat to France? Puh-LEEZE...
16 posted on 04/25/2002 10:39:17 AM PDT by kezekiel
To: Travis McGee
I'm not sure what to make of this guy. He says what he feels....sometimes from the hip. He obviously doesn't care for the North African invasion...he probably would not have given up Algeria. He seems a bit tactless about some Jewish issues. All I know for sure is that the left hates him. That alone is worth watching. If Chirac ends up having to deal with Le Pen as opposed to French commies then so much the better...IMHO.
17 posted on 04/25/2002 10:46:32 AM PDT by wardaddy
To: wardaddy;Yehuda;Sabramerican;veronica
/1/ The left HATES him.
/2/ He clearly sees the danger in the muslim invasion ("in blue jeans") of Europe.
/3/ He understands and approves of Isreal's right to self defense.
Right there, I am for him.
18 posted on 04/25/2002 10:52:53 AM PDT by Travis McGee
I'll bump that.
20 posted on 04/25/2002 11:02:41 AM PDT by SauronOfMordor
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human & women's rights
Impact of One
Microcredit The Bigger Picture
Filmmaker For Change - Holly Mosher
PAY 2 PLAY
Congress is selling us out to the highest bidders - donors. But our democracy is too precious not to fight for.
In January 2010, the Supreme Court decision Citizens United vs. FEC declared that corporations could spend unlimited amounts to affect our elections. But even before then, politicians have been listening to their donors, not the voters. PAY 2 PLAYtakes a look at the obstacles in running for office by creatively wrapping the experience around a board game parallel, with compelling insight into both the corruption that flourishes under our current campaign process, as well as exposing revelations about Citizens United. The film explores an array of campaign reform opportunities, proven legislation, and movements underway to reclaim America's democracy.
DVD usage
Personal Use DVD $9.95 USD Library DVD $39.99 USD Institutional DVD $124.99 USD Public Screening $50.00 USD
FREE FOR ALL!
Our elections are broken and need to be fixed.
Free for All! follows filmmaker John Ennis' journey to find out if the process for electing our leaders was secure. What he found throughout his investigative journey around pivotal swing state Ohio was a systematic breakdown in the electoral process from voter suppression to election fraud - when you watch this film you'll be mad as hell and want to change the system.
"ENGROSSING, EVEN ENRAGING" - Roger Ebert - 3 stars
BONSAI PEOPLE - THE VISION OF MUHAMMAD YUNUS
Using social business to solve some of the world's most vexing problems.
What if you could harness the power of the free market to solve the problems of poverty, hunger, and inequality? To some, it sounds impossible. But Nobel Peace Prize winner Muhammad Yunus is doing exactly that. Bonsai People celebrates Yunus’ extraordinary humanitarian work, which started by lending $27 to 42 people out of his own pocket and has now grown to helping 1 out of every 1,000 people on earth. But he didn’t stop there - whenever he sees a problem he starts a business, creating a mix between business and social work, which he’s coined “social business.” By tackling some of the world’s most vexing problems from healthcare, education to alternative energy, he is demonstrating to the world that complex problems sometimes do have simple answers. Microcredit is just the tip of the iceberg!
Our bees are vanishing and we have the power to help.
Vanishing of the Bees, a feature-length documentary narrated by Ellen Page (Juno), takes a piercing investigative look at the economic, political and spiritual implications of the world wide disappearance of the honeybee, a potential ecological apocalypse that could topple our food chain and forever devastate our way of life.
Winner Best Documentary Idyllwild Film Festival 2011
Two groups get kids off the streets and break the cycle of domestic violence.
In the beautiful coastal city of Recife, Brazil - a world capital for sex tourism - a couple of determined women decided they would try to break the cycle of domestic violence and get kids off the streets. Hummingbird goes onto the streets and sees the harsh reality these kids face and shows how these programs help break the cycle, using what they call the pedagogy of affection.
The film follows the story of Adriana, a girl who left home at the age of six and had a daughter at age 11. After seeing the cycle that leads kids to the street, these women began addressing family issues at the root of the problem and working with both the mind and body to overcome their trauma.
MONEY TALKS: PROFITS BEFORE PATIENT SAFETY
The pharmaceutical industry is putting profits ahead of people's lives.
Money Talks is a straight shooting documentary exploring drug industry influence through interviews with key opinion leaders. It’s a 50 minute education on the problems behind the pharmaceutical industry today.
"SHOULD BE REQUIRED"
- Meghann Matwichuk, ALA Round Table Committee
*Recognized by the ALA's Video Round Table Notable Videos for Adults
Personal Use DVD $9.95 USD Library DVD $39.99 USD Institutional DVD $124.99 USDPublic Screening $50.00 USD
A Smart and Sexy Comedy! Karly Hert (Katherine Heigl) has spent the last ten years selling drugs...legally, that is. She works for one of corporate America`s darlings, the pharmaceutical industry. Karly has it all - a big salary, a company car, a closet full of hot business suits and a growing pit in her stomach... Everything changes when she meets sexy Zach Danner (Lucian McAfee), a down-to-earth guy. Sparks fly!
As their relationship heats up, he encourages Karly to walk her talk and leave her empty job. Karly devises a plan to get out - she begins being brutally honest with physicians about her drugs` "benefits." Ironically, her sales go through the roof and she is once again wooed by the seductive golden handcuffs. Somehow leaving is never quite as easy as it seems... Side Effects starring Katherine Heigl is the perfect prescription for a new comedy.
What single women go through to have a family in modern times.
Maybe Baby is an intimate, provocative documentary that takes a new look at the emotional and physiological journeys of 6 women in their '30s and '40s as they pursue pregnancy through the world of Assisted Reproductive Technology, a multi-billion dollar industry on the cutting edge of medicine and science.
*Please note that all high schools can buy DVDs at the library rate.
Colleges and universities please use the institutional rate.
Public screening rights are included with both the screening DVD and the institutional DVD rate.
Filmmaker Holly Mosher
Holly Mosher grew up in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. In high school she developed a passion for both photography and philosophy that led her to pursue filmmaking. In her college entrance paper, she cited George Orwell’s idea that all art should be political, and today, uses that concept to guide her work.
Holly graduated with honors from NYU’s Tisch School of the Arts. After graduating, she spent two years in Brazil working as an assistant picture and sound editor on four feature films, including the Oscar nominated film O Quatrilho. Once back in the US, Holly went on to produce numerous commercials and feature films. The Hollywood Reporter, named her among the top up-and-coming independent film producers in 2001.
In 2004, Holly decided to return to her true passion to unite political purpose with art. Her directorial debut was the award-winning Hummingbird, an inspiring documentary about two non-profits in Brazil that work with street children and women who suffer domestic violence. The film got rave reviews and even inspired people to go to Brazil to volunteer with these NGOs.
Holly then went on to produce two films about the dangerous and misleading tactics of the pharmaceutical industry. The films, Side Effects, starring Katherine Heigl, and Money Talks: Profits Before Patient Safety, received unprecedented international press attention and have been heralded for raising awareness about a timely and important topic. Money Talks: Profits Before Patient Safety was honored by the American Library Association as a top pick of 2008.
To ensure that socially conscious films are brought to the public, Holly teamed up to launch Hummingbird Pictures, an independent film distribution company. Their motto is, “Making a difference, one drop at a time,” a theme taken from Holly’s first film Hummingbird.
Holly has been involved with several other productions on the producing team. She co-produced Maybe Baby, which presents the challenges facing older single women trying to get pregnant with modern medical technology; Free For All!, which explores election fraud; Vanishing of the Bees, starring Ellen Page; and most recently Pay 2 Play - looking at the influence of money in politics.
In 2011 Holly directed, Bonsai People - The Vision of Muhammad Yunus, which aired on public television. And her 3 minute version of the film, The Impact of One, was a semi-finalist in Cinelan and GE’s Focus Forward Film Contest.
Holly frequently tours with her films, gets interviewed by the media and does speaking engagements around the world. She served as President on the boards of Public Interest Pictures and the Social Enterprise Alliance – LA Chapter, and is on the advisory board of Empowerment Works.
Director - Hummingbird, Bonsai People
Co-Producer - Maybe Baby
Producer - Pay 2 Play, Free For All!, Money Talks: Profits Before Patient Safety, Side Effects, Lady in the Box, Reeseville
Executive Producer - Vanishing of the Bees, Free For All!, Pay 2 Play
You can contact me at filmmakerforchange (at) gmail (dot) com
And before I was doing films for positive change, I produced a couple of thrillers...
LADY IN THE BOX is a first rate Hitchcockian murder mystery set on the dark industrial shores of Lake Michigan.
Jerry (Darren Burrows - Northern Exposure) is a bartender looking for something to happen in his life. He gets more than he bargains for when a patron at the bar (Mark Sheppard) offers him $500 to dump a steamer trunk into Lake Michigan. After completing the deed, Jerry returns home to find his apartment the site of an apparent murder—with no sign of his girlfriend (Paige Rowland). Panicked, he cleans up the scene, only to be blackmailed into committing another crime. Jerry soon realizes he is merely a puppet—and will go down for murder unless he can turn the tables with the help of his best friend (Robert Knepper) and escape the nightmare that he himself wished for just a few nights earlier.
LADY IN THE BOX is available from Hollywood Video and Netflix.
REESEVILLE is a dark murder mystery set in a small town.
David (Brad Hunt) returns to his hometown, haunted by the fact that his mother died while giving birth. Upon arrival, he is confronted by the harsh reality of his father’s suicide. When Zeek (Mark Hamill - Star Wars), the town’s coroner, begins to suspect that it was not just a suicide, David becomes the prime suspect. Jason (Brian Wimmer - China Beach), the town sheriff, tries to send David packing, not wanting to stir up his own buried secrets.
When David sticks around to romance Jason’s sister Iris (Majandra Delfino - Roswell), the tension mounts until the evil in REESEVILLEis revealed.
Holly Mosher is an independent filmmaker - producing and directing independent media with an eye towards positive change.
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Comedian Cory Kahaney’s tribute to Joan Rivers
In GOOD FOR YOU Guest Experts
Photo credit:www.corykahaney.com
When the news ‘Joan Rivers Hospitalized’ broke, I hoped it was a publicity stunt. I couldn’t imagine a world without her. I was so sure she’d be making jokes about the whole ordeal. “I was in a medically induced coma — you know how they put me under — they made me watch Jay Leno’s
When the news ‘Joan Rivers Hospitalized’ broke, I hoped it was a publicity stunt. I couldn’t imagine a world without her. I was so sure she’d be making jokes about the whole ordeal.
“I was in a medically induced coma — you know how they put me under — they made me watch Jay Leno’s last monologue.”
When I was a kid I saw Joan Rivers guest host the Tonight Show, and suddenly “I” made sense.
I will never be able to tell her how grateful I am for that. The only thing that cheers me up is knowing that she worked the night before. She never wanted to retire and she never had to.
Why is she so relevant? She was supposed to marry a doctor and move to the suburbs, she didn’t. She was supposed to know her place and let the male comics take the spotlight, she didn’t. She was supposed to quietly go off and have her baby, she didn’t (she did stand up pregnant on the Ed Sullivan show). She was supposed to wait in the wings to see what Johnny Carson had in mind for her, she didn’t. She was supposed to disappear after her husband’s suicide, she didn’t. She was bankrupt and supposed to lose everything, she didn’t. She was supposed to age gracefully and she did, oh yes she did!
Cory Kahaney:
Backstage Magazine voted Cory Kahaney the best comedian in New York City. She competed in the first season of NBC’s Last Comic Standing making it all the way to the finale. Cory has also appeared on The Late Show with David Letterman, The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson and Comedy Central Presents: Cory Kahaney. She continues to tour the country with her off-Broadway hit show, now titled “The Princess of Comedy.” To learn more about this talented comedian’s career, go to www.corykahaney.com
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Home / General News / News / We didn’t suspend Ruga settlement project – Presidency says
We didn’t suspend Ruga settlement project – Presidency says
The Presidency has clarified that the National Livestock Transformation Plan, also known as the Ruga settlements of the Federal Government was not suspended.
The Senior Policy Adviser (Agriculture Interventions Coordination) in the Office of the Vice President, Dr. Andrew Kwasari, stated this in an interview with journalists in Abuja during a training session organised for the executives of Miyetti Allah Cattle Breeders Association of Nigeria and its officers in eight states considered to be flashpoints.
The training programme, which was jointly organised by the Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue, had as its theme: “Dialogue and Negotiations: Why, when and how to be effective.”
Kwasari said, “The National Livestock Transformation Plan has not been suspended. In fact, it has been enhanced because Mr President, in his wisdom, has spoken and directed that this is the plan that we should be working around to implement.
“We will need all-encompassing committee of the National Economic Council, National Food Security Council, and the Federal Executive Council working together to deliver this plan. So, for us, this is the type of leadership that the country needs. So, there is no mention of suspension whatsoever for the NLTP.”
Reacting to the threat by the Coalition of Northern Groups (CNG) over the project, Abdul-Azeez Suleiman said a large section of the citizenry was in solidarity with Buhari over the suspension of Ruga policy.
He said, “I think the President has the overwhelming support and his decision has resonated with the majority. I think we should not worry about the threats. They don’t earn my respect in anyway, I can’t support them. My support is for the President and the people of Nigeria.
“Their threat is divisive, I think these people should listen to the majority of this country and above all, accord respect to the office of the President, if they are true citizens of this country.
“The President took the decision to suspend the Ruga policy in the interest and common good of all Nigerians. Are we supposed to be concerned about rallying around the President who has taken a decision or a portion of society that feels otherwise for whatsoever reason? I don’t know whatever evidence that they have.”
Also speaking, the Country Manager of CHD, Babatunde Afolabi, said the 18 MACBAN leaders were chosen from “seven frontline states and Katsina State.”
He said, “The training was informed by the need to build the capacity of the stakeholders that we consider to be pivotal in the peace process in Benue and Nasarawa states.
“If you are going to mediate in these two states in the farmers-herders crisis, then you should be talking to MACBAN and All Farmers’ Association with a view to building and enhancing their capacity on mediation and dialogue.””
dangote.com 10 July 2019 at 04:19
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Georges Rouault Le Poisson Volanti (The Flying Fish)
Artist: Georges Rouault
Medium: Etching and aquatint on Rives paper
Title: Le Poisson Volanti (The Flying Fish)
Portfolio: The Reincarnations of Pere Ubu
Image Size: 8 1/2" 12 1/4"
Signed: Initialed and dated in the plate
Le Poisson Volanti is plate number 16 from Ambroise Vollard's Les Réincarnations du Père Ubu. For many years, the author and publisher Vollard was preoccupied with the character of Ubu from Alfred Jarry's political satire Ubu Roi, from 1896. Vollard's version of the story, published in 1932, contained a sequence of twenty-two illustrations by Georges Rouault, which he completed by 1928. These illustrations, which feature Rouault's dramatic and intense visual style, marked the artist's earliest use of photogravure techniques, and display a combination of etching and aquatint.
Georges Henri Rouault was born in 1873 to a poor Parisian family. Encouraged by his mother, at fourteen he apprenticed as a glass painter, and at eighteen enrolled at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts. Throughout the 1890s, Rouault met Henri Matisse, Albert Marquet, and other artists who would introduce him to the Fauvist art movement. He also met Jacques Maritain, a writer and philosopher whose Spiritualist ideas influenced Rouault's subject matter. Many of Rouault's subjects were religious after this meeting.
Rouault's visual style was unique, and his paintings indicate the influence of the Fauvists and of early European expressionists such as Vincent van Gogh. His training as a glass painter may have also influenced his style, as Rouault depicted his subjects with heavy contours and black lines. These lines give the viewer the impression of colored glass held together with cames (thin pieces of lead fused together to form stained glass windows).
Rouault's first solo exhibit took place at the Galerie Druet in 1910, and by the 1930s he was exhibiting in London and New York. Toward the end his life, Rouault destroyed approximately 300 of his paintings, believing that he would not live long enough to finish them. He died in Paris in 1958.
DC Web Design
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Awesome: 7.69%
1 review, 20 user ratings
Dead Pool, The
by Rob Gonsalves
"Boy, he didn't save the best for last."
'The Dead Pool' is the fifth, last, and possibly most perfunctory and boring Dirty Harry movie, except for a hilarious chase scene involving an explosive toy car.
Harry (Clint Eastwood) is up against a serial killer who's picking off San Francisco celebrities whose names appear on a film crew's joke list, "the dead pool." The prime suspect is horror-flick director Liam Neeson. As usual, smart young women who should know better (in this case, Patricia Clarkson as a ruthless TV reporter) keep moistening their pudenda over the decrepit, barbaric Harry.
The movie fires some half-hearted shots at the violence-glorifying media, as if The Dead Pool itself weren't part of a film series that is perhaps more closely associated with mindless violence than any other American franchise (aside from maybe Rambo or Friday the 13th). There's slight fun in watching the now-prestigious Neeson eye-rolling his way through this cheap trash, and Jim Carrey (when he was still "James"), as a heroin-addicted rock star, brings a jolt of intensity to his few minutes onscreen before he's killed off.
Personally, I say watch the original 'Dirty Harry' and skip the rest.
link directly to this review at http://www.hollywoodbitchslap.com/review.php?movie=1408&reviewer=416
10/06/10 JP Ward Despite disposable main plot, surprisingly witty & hilarious w/ classic Bullitt chase spoof
10/02/10 MP Bartley It's actually agreeable fun, but not one to linger long in the memory.
2/03/08 Pamela White Not Clint's best work
4/23/07 David Pollastrini a pretty good sequel
5/18/06 mr.mike far fetched , and clint looks a bit frail as harry
8/15/05 John Aster Habig ANYTHING WITH CLINT SUX SPHINTER
3/23/04 KGB I think Eastwood should finish up with his voice in an Anime version the next 'Dirty' Harry
12/25/03 Sugarfoot Come on even the Death Wish series finished stronger then this feeble junker!
9/30/03 Shane Myers!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ANOTHER HARD HITTER!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
7/13/03 Sam Moszynski weakest in the series, but still enjoyable.
12/28/02 Jack Sommersby Passable but Lackluster.
10/23/02 Charles Tatum Way to go, kill the damn series
9/01/02 y2mckay Worst Dirty Harry film in the series - but it's still Dirty Harry, so it's watchable once
8/06/01 Mr. Hat (formerly Joe Zappa) My day has come: It's about movies, AND it's a Dirty Harry movie.
7/27/01 R.W. Welch One of the weaker entries in the Dirty Harry series. For hard core fans only.
5/19/00 tank Enjoyable self parody that is thankfully only 90 minutes.
12/10/98 Scion of Graveheart Waste of film! I've seen better movies on brains!
12/03/98 Lord Of The Dunce Hi. My name is Dead Pool. I'm an awful film. Please leave me in this bucket of shit.
11/30/98 Silent Rob A festering suck-hole, waste of celluloid! I've seen better film on teeth!
11/30/98 Mr.Pink One of Clint's worst, but not as bad as The Rookie.
02-Jul-1988 (R)
02-Feb-1989 (M)
Buddy Van Horn
Steve Sharon
Durk Pearson
Evan C. Kim
David Hunt
Michael Currie
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Home » Friday Game Highlights (2013/05/31)
Friday Game Highlights (2013/05/31)
posted by Nick on Sat, 06/01/2013 - 15:47
Accross the league all four road teams won, and none of the games were particularly close. Here's a look at each one.
LG 11 - KIA 2, Gwangju
This game remained relatively close, with LG leading 2-1 after 6 innings of play. But LG absolutely exploded in the top of the 7th, with every member of the lineup scoring a run, giving them a total of 9 for the inning. The highlight of the inning was a grand slam by left fielder Park Yong-Taik. LG starter Shin Jung-Rak earned the win, going 7 innings while allowing just 5 hits and 1 run. Henry Sosa picked up the loss for KIA. The Tigers have now lost 3 of their last 4 games, while the Twins have won 4 of their last 5.
Park Yong-Taik's 7th inning grand slam
Lotte 10 - Samsung 0, Daegu
This game was all Lotte. Starter Chris Oxspring pitched 6 2/3 scoreless innings, while allowing just 2 hits. Reliever Kim Sa-Yul took over and allowed only one more hit, giving Samsung a total of 3 for the game. There were several solid offensive performances for the Giants, including DH Kim Dae-Woo who went 2 for 3 with 3 RBIs and 2 runs scored, including a homerun. Center fielder Jeon Jun-Woo also had a good night, going 3 for 5 with 2 RBIs and 2 runs scored. Lotte has now won 4 games in a row.
Nexen 10 - Doosan 3, Seoul (Jamsil)
Nexen took the early lead, scoring 3 runs in the top of the 2nd, and they would not trail for the rest of the game. Doosan starting pitcher Dustin Nippert gave up 10 hits and 8 runs in 6 innings to earn himself the loss, while Nexen's Kang Yoon-Koo picked up the win. Nexen's offensive leader was right fielder Lee Seong-Yeol. Lee went 3 for 4 with 3 RBIs and 2 runs scored, including a homerun in the top of the 4th, his 12th homerun of the season, which puts him just one behind SK's Choi Jeong for the league homerun lead. Doosan has now lost 4 games in a row.
NC 7 - Hanwha 2, Daejeon
Hanwha starting pitcher, Dana Eveland, had another rough night. He gave up 7 runs in 6 2/3 innings to earn his 5th loss of the season. He now stands with a season ERA of 6.35. For NC, Charlie Shirek pitched 6 1/3 scoreless innings while allowing just 3 hits to earn the win. Hanwha would not score until the bottom of the 9th inning, but 2 runs wasn't enough for the comeback. Also of note, Hanwha first baseman Kim Tae-Kyun's 52 game on-base streak has ended after Kim went 0 for 4 tonight. Hanwha has now lost 3 in a row.
Park Yong-Taik
Retired All-Star Lee Sung-Yong admits to doping, retracts a day later (2)
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Incredible Pictures
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Islamic architecture encompasses a wide range of both secular and religious styles from the foundation of Islam to the present day. What today is known as Islamic architecture owes its origin to similar structures already existing in Roman, Byzantine and Persian lands which the Muslims conquered in the 7th and 8th centuries. The principal Islamic architectural types are: the Mosque, the Tomb, the Palace and the Fort. From these four types, the vocabulary of Islamic architecture is derived and used for buildings of less importance such as public baths, fountains and domestic architecture.
Many forms of Islamic architecture have evolved in different regions of the Islamic world. Notable Islamic architectural types include the early Abbasid buildings, T-Type mosques, and the central-dome mosques of Anatolia. The oil-wealth of the 20th century drove a great deal of mosque construction using designs from leading modern architects.
Labels: architecture
20 Abandoned Places that will scare you
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Accueil » Around the world
Friendship in Afghanistan
Our sisters were present in Kabul, Afghanistan, for 60 years. They had to close the community at the beginning of this year. Fr. Giuseppe Moretti was the chaplain at the Italian Embassy, where the little sisters used to go for days of solitude and prayer during the years when they were the only religious, and even the only Christians, in the country. He shared his thoughts:
In all those years they never left Kabul: not during the Soviet occupation, not under the Taliban regime, not during the bombings. The little sisters remained alongside the Afghan people as long as they could. And now it is all ending because of the lack of vocations...
They spoke Farsi, lived like Afghans, slept on a mat on the floor, and wore the traditional dress. Because of that the sisters were loved and respected. Lately, they obtained the Afghan citizenship. They would joke, "It's no longer true that there's no such thing as an Afghan Christian!"
The Sisters were also respected by the Taliban. They went every Friday to pray in the embassy chapel, even though the em¬bassy was closed during the civil war. The Taliban knew who they were but always let them enter. A cross was clearly visible on the chapel facade. The head office of the Religious Police was just nearby. They could have destroyed the chapel but did not.
At the beginning of 2000, the Religious Police went looking for the little sisters at home. At that time, they were living in a building constructed by the Soviets. The building manager, a mullah [a Muslim scholar], stopped the Police and told them, "The sisters are not to be touched! These women must be respected!" So the Taliban just entered the apartment and left, leaving them in peace.
What was striking was the little sisters' way of being close to those in need, "in silence." Even with the arrival of NATO in 2002, they always politely refused any interviews, not only to avoid notice or being considered as spies, but more precisely because of their dedication and discretion. So many women used to come to them looking for support, comfort, and strength, and they always kept their stories secret.
The Little Sisters were Afghan among the Afghans. We must preserve their story.
Little Sisters of Jesus
LSJ News Notes
contemplative life Nazareth life among people trust universality littleness friendship Bethlehem Brother Charles' example Jesus love prayer
From this or neighbouring countries
News from Seoul, Korea
The 'Syrian Spring', one year on
To each person his 'Dayenu'
News from Vietnam
News from Tabriz, Iran
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For many years the Greene lab has studied moral judgment, with occasional projects on related topics such as religion, cooperation, and free will. While we expect to continue working on morality, the lab is starting to work on other topics.
Our research has both a social science side and cognitive science side. As social scientists, we're increasingly interested in projects aimed at producing demonstrable real-world social benefits. Interests include applied work on cooperation and conflict resolution (building on ideas presented in Moral Tribes) and research related to effective altruism. As cognitive scientists, we're increasingly interested in studying what one might call “thinking”.
The Infrastructure of Thought
A psychologist with a new interest in “thinking” may sound a bit strange. Isn’t all of psychology about thinking? Yes, in a sense. But at the same time many of the core mechanisms of thought remain mysterious.
Cognitive scientists know a lot about the inputs to thinking (perception); the outputs of thinking (motor processing); the maintenance, storage, and retrieval of information about which one can think (memory); and about the use of words to transmit the products of thinking from one brain to another (language). Likewise, we've learned a lot about how thinking is influenced by attention and cognitive control and how behavior is reinforced by reward and punishment. We've learned a lot about how we form concepts of things in the world, as well as more abstract things such as numbers. We have some understanding of how reasoning works, mostly based on how it fails. But these failures typically amount to a reliance on something other than full-blown reasoning--thinking "fast" instead of "slow". We don't understand the kind of thinking that enables us to recognize our failures of reasoning as failures. We have, in other words, a rather limited understanding of what David Hume and other Enlightenment philosophers called “the Understanding,” or what we are here calling “thinking.”
What, then, is “thinking” in this more specific sense? One possibility is that there is no “there” there, that thinking is just the sum of perception, memory, language, concept-formation, attention, control, etc. Perhaps that's correct. But we suspect that there is a distinctive type of processing that sits at the intersection of all of these things, and that is what we mean by “thinking.” (This echoes Jerry Fodor’s famous claim that there must be a Language of Thought, although this representational medium, if it exists, may differ in important ways from what Fodor has in mind.)
If someone says, “Yesterday I was serenaded by 30 pink elephants,” you immediately understand what they mean, despite the novelty and improbability of this claim. Your ability to immediately grasp the precise meaning of this sentence implies that you have the capacity to rapidly and flexibly combine concepts according to precise rules, yielding thoughts that may be new to you and perhaps new to the universe. What's more, you can immediately use new thoughts as inputs to further thinking. (Were an even number of animals performing?) We take these familiar abilities for granted, but how the brain accomplishes these feats is a mystery.
This use of structured conceptual combination is known as “compositionality.” Compositionality is most often discussed as a feature of language, but there are reasons to think that it goes beyond language and that it may precede language in our natural history. First, if you're asked you to imagine my being serenaded by 30 pink elephants, you can do it, which means that you can, within your mind, compose a visual scene with features that mirror the complex compositional features of the corresponding sentence. This suggests that compositionality extends to non-linguistic processing. Second, animals such as chimpanzees seem to do some pretty sophisticated thinking in the absence of anything like human language, suggesting that compositional thought may precede compositional language. Whether language is compositional because thought is, or vice versa, or both, human thinking certainly seems to be compositional, and we have only faint clues about how our brains compose and manipulate the complex contents of thoughts.
With all of this in mind, we've begun working on this problem, trying to understand how the brain puts concepts together to form thoughts and how the brain manipulates thoughts in the service of imagination, reasoning, etc. The results of our first fMRI experiments (led by Steven Frankland) indicate that the brain, in its capacity for semantic composition, functions more like a silicon computer than many have supposed, representing and updating the values of abstract semantic variables. These results provide some clues about how neural tissue can represent complex thoughts.
New projects include research on deductive reasoning and logical connectives (led by Frankland), propositional attitudes (led by Regan Bernhard), composition in visual imagery (led by Dillon Plunkett), and related research using intracranial recordings (with collaborators at MGH). We have a related interest in artificial general intelligence and, more specifically, in understanding how neural networks can implement compositional reasoning processes. Bridging our interests in morality and artificial intelligence, we're also starting to think about how to implement ethical principles and corresponding safety constraints in autonomous machines.
The Greene Lab welcomes inquires from prospective students and collaborators with interests and technical skills in the areas described above, including both applied moral cognition and the neuroscience of high-level cognition.
See Research on Moral Cognition
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Notification of Withdrawal Bill and Euratom
One paragraph of the European Union (Notification of Withdrawal) Bill Explanatory Notes states that “The power that is provided by clause 1(1) applies to withdrawal from the EU. This includes the European Atomic Energy Community (‘Euratom’), as the European Union (Amendment) Act 2008 sets out that the term “EU” includes (as the context permits or requires) Euratom (section 3(2)).”
It would be interesting to know what the impact on the UK nuclear industry might be if the UK were to withdraw from Euratom. It would give us more freedoms to run the industry as we see fit but that may not be such a great idea and it might reduce public and world confidence in us. There are, of course, many other international nuclear organisations such as IAEA and WANO that we can use for guidance and bench marking.
Author keith.i.pearce@btinternet.comPosted on January 31, 2017 Categories Interesting publications & events, UncategorizedLeave a comment on Notification of Withdrawal Bill and Euratom
The revision of REPPIR
With the Radiation (Emergency Preparedness and Public Information) Regulations 2001 due to be reissued in line with the 2013 EU BSS (See HSE note), interest turns to the discussion about how to determine the appropriate level of emergency preparedness for nuclear sites.
Currently REPPIR requires that the risks posed by the site are assessed, reported and periodically reviewed. If there are identified potential fault sequences that exceed thresholds of both probability and severity then off-site plans are required.
The threshold for probability is “reasonably foreseeable”. In the REPPIR guidance (para 50) it is stated that “In the context of a radiation emergency, a reasonably foreseeable event would be one which was less than likely but realistically possible”. ONR have avoided accepting a numerical value for the threshold of reasonably foreseeable (see, for example, para A20 -A22 in an ONR TAG).
ONR’s description of safety cases tells us that (Para 607) Design basis analysis (DBA) leads to an understanding of the plant and a design proven “so that safety functions can be delivered reliably during all modes of operation and under reasonably foreseeable faults”. Combining this with (Para A.9) “only faults with an initiating fault frequency (IFF) greater than 1 x 10-5/yr need to be considered for DBA” suggests that a frequency of 1 x 10-5/yr could be proposed as the limit of a “reasonably foreseeable” initiator.
1 x 10-5 per year is also implied in the ONR Tolerability of Risk Document ToR and in the national risk assessment policy sponsored by the Cabinet Office as a boundary between events that should be prepared for and those that are too unlikely for detailed planning.
The threshold for severity used in REPPIR 2001 is that of a Radiation Emergency. This is defined as a situation in which a member of the public could receive an additional radiation dose of 5 mSv in the year following initiation. There have been difficulties interpreting this requirement as the public dose assessment depends on the individual habits assumed.
There is a general principle in radiological protection and emergency planning that any action taken by authorities should to do more good than harm. In the UK we use the Emergency Reference levels (ERLs) to decide if a countermeasure is warranted by comparing the avertable dose with the relevant ERL. We can therefore state that the imposition of a countermeasure is not necessary, indeed not appropriate, where the avertable dose is below the ERL and a detailed plan to implement a countermeasure is therefore not needed where it is not reasonably foreseeable that the threshold will be exceeded. Thus the severity threshold for requiring a plan can be based on whether or not the existence of a plan would enable the imposition of prompt countermeasures which could avert an ERL’s worth of dose that could not otherwise be averted.
Concern about faults too unlikely to appear in the DBA but more severe than the reference accidents leads to the demand for the ability to extend countermeasures beyond the detailed plan if required. However, it is realised that spend to enable this quickly becomes grossly disproportionate to the potential gain.
While the situation analysis and decision making process provided by the detailed plan can consider a wider area or longer duration fault, the question is whether or not countermeasures can be applied rapidly enough over a wider area to be effective. This would depend on the nature of the fault including the amount of activity released and the time structure of that release.
Again the question of the probability of the limiting fault to use in extendibility scenarios arises. In various safety methodology documents IAEA talks about a “screening probability level” (SPL) of probability below which there is no point analysing faults. So far as I can find IAEA fails to suggest a value. There is a claim in the literature that the US DOE suggest 1 x 10-6 for aircraft crash onto nuclear facilities. It is suggested that future UK guidance on emergency planning recommends a SPL for emergency planning (extendibility) and that this value should not be lower than 1 x 10-6 or, at a pinch, 1 x 10-7.
Emergency planning then becomes a question of having detailed plans to implement those countermeasures that might avert more than an ERL of individual dose for the set of reasonably foreseeable faults – defined as being more frequent than 1 x 10-5 per reactor year (making allowances for reasonable cliff-edges) and outline plans for faults down to maybe 1 x 10-7 per reactor year. Estimations of avertable dose against downwind distance can determine a sensible limit to the countermeasure zone (which regulators may then choose to inflate within reason for non-technical purposes).
Author keith.i.pearce@btinternet.comPosted on January 28, 2017 Categories Emergency Planning advice and regulation, UncategorizedLeave a comment on The revision of REPPIR
Major step towards decommissioning Magnox’s emergency plan
The ONR has recently agreed to a major revision of the Magnox Limit’s emergency plans. In a Project Assessment Report available on the internet they approve the removal of the Central Emergency Support Centre (CESC) from the Magnox emergency plans.
The CESC is a large control room in EDF’s headquarters in Barnwood. It provides for the off-site support for a nuclear power station in an emergency situation. Command, technical, health physics and support teams are available at short notice during working hours and within an hour or so out of hours. The technical team helps to understand the situation on the site and provide advice on how to rectify the situation and on the release prognosis. The health physics team takes over the off-site survey and combines the knowledge gained about off-site doses with the predictions of the changing situation from the technical team to provide estimates of the public avertable dose to support the countermeasure decision process in the Strategic Coordination Centre.
With no operating reactors and most of the fleet defueled the changes of Magnox using this facility is greatly reduced. They have developed a new simplified system that is more in line with the evolving Company risk profile and tested it to the satisfaction of the ONR.
EDF-Energy, with their fleet of operating reactors will continue to use the CESC.
Removal of the CESC from the Magnox plans is an important step and was a complex process. Magnox and the ONR should be congratulated on the success of this project.
Author keith.i.pearce@btinternet.comPosted on January 26, 2017 Categories Interesting publications & events, UncategorizedLeave a comment on Major step towards decommissioning Magnox’s emergency plan
SRP meeting on BSSD implementation
I attended the SRP one day meeting on the Implementation of BSS: Ionising Regulations (IRR) and Other Regulations held on 19/1/17 in London. The aim of the Basic Safety Standard Directive in question (Directive 96/29/Euratom – ionizing radiation) is to establish uniform basic safety standards to protect the health of workers and the general public against the dangers of ionising radiation…”.
It was explained that the 2013 Basic Safety Standard has to be implemented in UK law by February 2018 but there were issues relating to registration and dose records that made 1/1/18 a more practical starting date for some clauses of the regulations. Before then there would be a consultation period (which should have started by now), a review of the draft based on the consultation, a final consultation with lawyers and then the draft would be put to the Ministers. The impression was given that the Ministers have a greater ability to change the draft than the consultees. The regulations should be submitted to the EU in autumn and become law in early 2018. It was not explained why so much activity is compressed into the last year of the implementation period given that the BSS was published in 2013 and had been widely consulted on before that.
The graded approach to regulation to be used in IRR17 was described. This balances the requirements of the BSS against the desire for minimal change to UK law and as light a touch as is appropriate. The system of Notification, Registration and Licensing of practices of increasing potential harm will require the user to enter the details of their practices into a web-site database and answer a series of questions to confirm that they have met the requirements of the regulations in terms of risk assessment, contingency planning, training and consultation of an RPA. This system seems very sensible although a number of questions were asked about the number of entries that users of multiple systems and multiple different practices would have to make – one per practice apparently.
The section on REPPIR was very disappointing. It seems possible that the drafting of these regulations and associated guidance are further behind schedule than the IRRs. There was either a reluctance or inability to answer fairly predictable questions from the audience which does not bode well. There are a number of contentious issues with regard to emergency planning regulation in the UK and very little time to adequately consult and get this regulation right. It is important to decommissioning sites, generating sites and new build operators and to the local authorities in whose patches the nuclear sites are found.
Author keith.i.pearce@btinternet.comPosted on January 23, 2017 May 19, 2017 Categories Interesting publications & events, UncategorizedLeave a comment on SRP meeting on BSSD implementation
City of Trees
There is an interesting article on the BBC web-site about a project to add a lot more trees to Manchester (here). A quick internet search reveals the project’s informative web-site Manchester City of Trees Project.
From BBC web-site
It is stated in the BBC article that the project has three objectives which are to plant more trees, to manage the existing trees better and to engage people in understanding the natural environment. But more interesting than these objects are the research objectives which include understanding the role of trees in the improvement of the urban environment. Their website claims that tree planting has many benefits including “creating healthier, happier communities to helping tackle climate change, reconnecting our children to the natural world, and providing essential habitats for wildlife” (ref).
An interesting project with a history going back to 1991 revealing another way to engage people in their environment and community and to work towards a better city.
Author keith.i.pearce@btinternet.comPosted on January 23, 2017 Categories Resilient City/Building the future, UncategorizedLeave a comment on City of Trees
How to survive a nuclear emergency now available in paperback
My book “How to survive a nuclear emergency” is now available in paperback and on kindle.
This book adds more detail and discussion to the advice given out by operators and local authorities around REPPIR sites (nuclear sites where exposure of the public due to an accident is reasonably foreseeable) in the UK.
Read a sample by clicking this link.
Buy on kindle.
Buy as paperback
Author keith.i.pearce@btinternet.comPosted on January 17, 2017 July 15, 2017 Categories Book and publication reviews, Katmal Limited's projects and customers, UncategorizedLeave a comment on How to survive a nuclear emergency now available in paperback
UK/India treaty – Cooperation in the Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy
An agreement between the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Government of India for Co-operation in the Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy has recently been posted on the internet (here).
It would be interesting to know what this treaty changes.
Author keith.i.pearce@btinternet.comPosted on January 12, 2017 Categories Katmal Limited's projects and customers, UncategorizedLeave a comment on UK/India treaty – Cooperation in the Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy
How to survive a nuclear emergency in the UK
My first book “How to survive a nuclear emergency in the UK” is now available on Amazon Kindle.
This book is based on my experience of working with local authorities discussing how best to provide prior information to the public who live or work close to a nuclear power station.
It collects good practice with regard to prior information to the public and provides more information that is possible with the leaflet format that is generally used.
I hope that it will be interesting and thought provoking.
Link to Amazon Kindle UK page here. The book is also available on many other Amazon national sites.
Author keith.i.pearce@btinternet.comPosted on January 5, 2017 Categories Katmal Limited's projects and customers, UncategorizedLeave a comment on How to survive a nuclear emergency in the UK
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Pacific Grove & LA Triathlon
Post Honolulu Tri 2007
Posted in Photo Gallery | Leave a reply
Hy-Vee World Cup Set for Des Moines this Weekend
COLORADO SPRINGS, Colo. (June 13, 2007) – The richest event ever on the elite triathlon circuit is on tap for this Sunday (June 17) in Des Moines, Iowa, as the ITU World Cup makes its only stop in the U.S. in 2007.
The Hy-Vee World Cup features a total purse of more than $700,000 in cash and prizes. The first-place winners in the men’s and women’s divisions will each take home paychecks of $200,000, filtering down to $3,000 for the 15th place man and woman. The winners will also get brand new Hummers.
National NBC television coverage will bring great exposure to the event and the sport. NBC will offer six live look-ins from the U.S. Open throughout the afternoon and will also produce and air an hour long broadcast show of the event, scheduled for Sunday, July 15 at 1 p.m. CST.
ITU will offer live video coverage of both the men’s and women’s races. Live coverage including live video, audio commentary and timing will begin at 11:15 a.m. Pacific Time, 12:15 p.m. Mountain, 1:15 p.m. Central, and 2:15 p.m. Eastern. Go to the event page for more information.
The start lists read like a who’s who of international triathlon with multiple Olympic, world and continental champions spattered with more then a few Olympians and world cup winners, all racing for valuable Olympic qualification points. This event will have a start list comparable to any ever assembled and the competition is sure to be fierce.
The Americans will have eight men and eight women competing:
Andy Potts (Colorado Springs, Colo.)
Hunter Kemper (Colorado Springs, Colo.)
Matt Reed (Colorado Springs, Colo.)
Brian Fleischmann (Colorado Springs, Colo.)
Doug Friman (Tucson, Ariz.)
Joe Umphenour (Colorado Springs, Colo.)
Jarrod Shoemaker (Sudbury, Mass.)
Mark Fretta (Colorado Springs, Colo.)
Laura Bennett (Boulder, Colo.)
Julie Swail (Irvine, Calif.)
Sarah Haskins (Colorado Springs, Colo.)
Sara McLarty (Colorado Springs, Colo.)
Jasmine Oeinck (Colorado Springs, Colo.)
Margaret Shapiro (Annandale, Va.)
Sarah Groff (Boulder, Colo.)
Joanna Zeiger (Boulder, Colo.)
Having the event on U.S. soil means that much more to the American athletes, many of whom have been involved in pre-event promotions in Des Moines over the past few months.
“This is the first time I am going to be racing a World Cup in the U.S., and I am excited to have such a huge event on our home soil,” said 2006 USAT Elite National Champion Sarah Haskins. “My hometown (St. Louis) is close to Iowa, so I am going to have lots of family traveling up to cheer me on, and my husband’s family is from Minnesota and they are coming too. It is going to be a special event to be able to share the sport that I love with my family. Usually we are racing across the ocean and my family is trying to watch a tiny screen online. I think they are going to be blown away how well-done world cup events are, and I expect Iowa will be over the top.”
For the men, Andy Potts (Colorado Springs, Colo.) is having a phenomenal year, with three wins and a second-place finish in his first four races. He sees the race having more meaning than just who wins.
“Obviously, it’s a big race in terms of the payday. The money attracts a lot of the top-tier athletes, so you are going to have a great race,” said Potts, the 2007 USAT Elite National Champion. “But it has great implications for the sport since it’s here in America. Coverage is going to be at a level that will help sell the sport. Triathlon has so much to offer kids and adults looking for a healthy lifestyle. This will help showcase the sport and develop it long term.”
Haskins agrees. “I feel having a world cup in the United States will increase exposure for our sport of triathlon. Many people in the U.S. instantly think Ironman when they hear about triathlon and have no idea what ITU style racing is about. I feel this will get many people excited not just about draft-legal style racing, but triathlon racing in general. With the Olympics nearing, I think this will also get people excited about the triathlon event during the games.”
Both athletes are pleased with the efforts from sponsor Hy-Vee and the city of Des Moines.
“I think the event is going to be really well done,” said Haskins. “I know the event organizers have really worked hard to make sure this event is well-organized and top of the line.”
What do they expect from their own performances?
“I feel I am progressing well into my season,” said Haskins, who had her first world cup podium finish last weekend in Vancouver. “My goal at this race is to perform consistently and strong in all three disciplines. We are approaching the heart of racing season, but the biggest race of the year will be in Beijing in September, which is the first Olympic qualifier.”
Potts doesn’t offer any predictions on his performance. “The sport is so hard and demands a lot mentally and physically. Obviously I want to do great, but I can’t predict where I will finish,” said Potts, who has arrived in Des Moines early to run a four-day junior camp. “This is my third-straight weekend of racing, and they haven’t been easy races. It’s very challenging. I will race to the best of my ability.”
Start lists .
Posted in Articles | Leave a reply
Should you be eating organic?
By Charlene Waldner
June 7, 2007 — “You are what you eat” says it all, especially for those with active lifestyles and athletes in training. Our food choices greatly affect our health, body composition, performance and recovery. Having a healthy, well balanced diet is critical to an athlete’s performance. The same question is always asked: “Is eating organic food better for you than non-organic food?”
Nowadays you can purchase just about anything organic – from soup to nuts, shampoo to dental floss. Most natural supermarkets carry an array of organic groceries that now can be found in most local and big chain supermarkets. Stores like Whole Foods, Wild Oats and Trader Joe’s are a couple of organic super stores in the US that have just about every kind of organic food you could possibly need.
When discussing the option of buying organic vs. non-organic produce, Sue Boegman, registered dietician and nutritional consultant with Pacific Sport in Victoria, B.C., advised that it was better to buy locally grown if possible or from farmers’ markets. When choosing meats, you should limit canned tuna because of high mercury content, especially for women who are considering starting a family. A better choice would be to purchase smaller quantities of meats labeled “grass fed” or” range free” meats. Remember to always read the labels before you buy.
In today’s world of “too many choices” should one question the difference of purchasing an organic apple vs. a non–organic apple? When it comes to fruit or vegetables, most people find that organic products taste better – apples and carrots are sweeter in taste than non-organic variations. This is attributed to better soil quality resulting from better farming techniques.
Most non-organic produce is grown in a cocktail of poisonous chemicals. When discussing produce, the term “organic” means grown without pesticides or chemical fertilizers and processed without food additives. For animals it means reared without the use of hormones or unnecessary antibiotics.
The cost difference in choosing organic over non-organic is insignificant, on some items, and is worth the extra cost. In fact, sometimes by price checking different stores, organic could be less expensive at times. I would tend to focus on purchasing organic fruits, vegetables and meats than on cereals, nut butters or rice cakes, for example.
Another important reason to shop organic is to protect the environment. Organic farming releases fewer pesticides into the soil and atmosphere and helps to sustain a stronger ecosystem. The pluses outweigh the negatives by protecting our wild life, insects and plants.
Purchasing locally grown foods from our local farmers’ markets is a win-win situation. It not only supports the community, but also helps the farmer earn a living off the farmland and continue to harvest produce.
You should choose the organic versions of grapes, strawberries, apples, cherries and raspberries as these fruits have thin skins, which will result in a higher concentration of pesticides.
Pesticides will enter fruits and vegetables through the skin, and so thin-skinned non-organic fruits should be avoided.
Vegetables to watch are potatoes, peppers, spinach and celery. Fruits with a thick skin such as bananas, mangoes and pineapple have very low risk pesticide count as do avocados, green peas, broccoli and cauliflower.
To reduce risk of ingesting pesticides, always carefully wash your fruits and vegetables. Adding a few drops of Grape Seed extract to your washing water will act as an antibacterial agent and will also aid in killing any parasites or bugs that maybe found.
Shopping organic is a lifestyle choice that can improve health, well being, help protect the environment and improve the taste of your food.
LifeSport Coach Charlene Waldner is an NCCP certified triathlon coach and champion athlete who has spent several years in the health and wellness industry working as a fitness instructor, personal trainer and coach..
Andy Potts, Leanda Cave Claim Their First Wins at Alcatraz
Timothy Carlson
Photo Credit: Timothy Carlson
Alcatraz history or a challenge to modern triathletes?
SAN FRANCISCO , California – Three days after two wayward whales swam past Alcatraz on their way back to the open ocean from a freshwater excursion up the Sacramento delta, two of triathlon’s established stars added luster to their existing fame with first wins at the classic Accenture Escape from Alcatraz Triathlon.
American Andy Potts, who led the 2004 Olympics out of the swim and finished third in last year’s ITU World Cup season series, held off 2004 ITU World Champion Bevan Docherty and former ITU World number one Greg Bennett with a strong all around performance to finish first in a quick time of 1:59:34.
“Alcatraz is very hard,” said Potts. “I feel it’s a strong man’s course where you have to find your own rhythm in every discipline. It’s really difficult to do and I felt I did it today.”
After a suffering a shocking heat stroke and back-of-the-pack finish at the ITU World Cup in Mooloolaba, Australia, Potts has stormed to wins in three straight big American races – Ironman California 70.3 in Oceanside, the USA Triathlon elite nationals in Honolulu and now Alcatraz. Potts’ second-best swim (24:31) fourth-best bike (47:20) and second-best run (43:08) left him 43 seconds ahead of runner-up Docherty, who pipped third place Bennett by four seconds at the line.
Great Britain ‘s Leanda Cave, the 2002 ITU World Champion and winner of the inaugural Tri One O One long course event in Bradenton Florida last month, led virtually wire to wire, holding off Australia’s resurgent Pip Taylor by 48 seconds and third place Alexis Waddell of nearby Monterey, California by 1 minute 42 seconds. Cave’s 2:18:47 performance for the unique 1.5 mile swim, 18-mile bike and 8-mile run on the rugged, hilly scenic tour of San Francisco landmarks was aided by cool, cloudy weather.
“This was the roughest, toughest thing I’ve ever done,” said an exuberant Cave. “The bike is the most technical I’ve seen, and the run makes us go through virtually everything out there.” Clutching her trophy, Cave explained how much this race meant to her: “This is one race where anyone who’s anyone in our sport has won. This race makes a lot of people famous. Winning here is a really big thing for me, my sponsors and for attracting new sponsors.”
Defending champions Matt Reed of Boulder, Colorado and Becky Lavelle of Los Gatos, California suffered through off-form days. Both of the U.S. stars felt their usual leg power and speed were lacking. Reed fell from second off the bike to fourth, 2 minutes 33 seconds behind Potts and Lavelle fell from first of the bike to 5th by the finish, 3 minutes 24 seconds behind Cave.
On a day in which roughly 70 pros and 2,000 age group triathletes from 36 countries and nearly all 50 states competed, physically challenged star Sarah Reinertsen competed on a physically challenged relay team and ABC’s recent star of The Bachelor, Andy Baldwin, finished in a strong time of 2:29, one age group competitor was seriously injured in a crash while descending one of the white knuckle-fast downhills on the bike.
Andy Potts was uncharacteristically second out of the water.
Swim star Jan Sibbersen overcame a slight navigational error in generally favorable currents to nip Potts to the Marina Green finish by seven seconds in 24:24, with Reed and ITU World Cupper Brian Fleischmann another 30 seconds. Another minute back was a second pack of contenders including Bevan Docherty and Greg Bennett tied at 25:29, Matt Chrabot at 25:30, Greg Remaly and under-23 star Matt Seymour in 25:35, and France’s Nicholas Becker in 25:37. Dangerous cyclist David Thompson of St. Paul Minnesota, coming off a dominating win at the Bradenton Tri One O One long course race, was 1 minute 50 seconds back in 26:21.
“I felt there was a bit of a current taking us out from the shore, but it made for a bit more of a straight shot than the usual parabola,” said Potts. Race organizers also moved up the start time by an hour to 7 AM to take advantage of better tide and currents. Potts added there was another factor making for swift swims. “The leader’s boat was better this year” said Potts. “It usually goes right-left, right-left, right-left because it can’t go as slow as we’re going. But his year it was a bigger boat and it didn’t get moved as much by the waves.”
Calf cramps on the run would restrict Bennett’s charge to the front.
World Cup veteran Potts ran swiftly the half mile to his bike at the transition and got out first. Reed, coming off a dominating win a St. Anthony’s Triathlon in April, was 30 seconds back and confident of defending his Escape title until he came to some of the first of many hills on the bike. “I was close enough I figured I’d catch Andy quickly and move right past him, but I was pretty shocked. I had really bad legs on the bike. I don’t know why. Maybe it was the cold water. Or I had a lot of training miles in my legs.”
Though the first half of the roller-coaster bike that swoops past the Golden Gate bridge, Baker Beach, the Legion of Honor museum, Robin Williams’ beachside neighborhood, the Cliff House restaurant and into Golden Gate Park, Reed stayed 100 yards back of Potts, who looked strong and in control. When strongest chasers Greg Bennett, Bevan Docherty and Greg Remaly were caught by David Thompson, the action heated up. “When David Thompson came by it was a great help and we caught Matt Reed three-quarters of the way through,” said Docherty. “You see the (huge) gear David is pushing, it’s suicide. Because he is sacrificing his run for that.”
Indeed, Thompson came of the bike third but dropped to sixth during a painful run.
Potts took off from T2 in a quick, steady confident run that didn’t attempt to take out the field in one big surge.
“I felt fine on the flats and I ran out with Docherty and Bennett for the first two miles along Crissy field,” said Reed. “They were both running well and we kept Andy in sight. But as soon as we got to the first hills, my legs were dead and I fell back.”
Bennett felt fine on the bike, but soon discovered his run legs that flew to a race-best 30:58 10km in St. Anthony’s were operating with a hitch in his giddy up. “Today, my calf was quite tight, which leads back to plantar fasciitis which plagued me last year,” said Bennett. “I had to run on my heels a bit more and I could not afford to dig deep. Otherwise I was sure I’d do more damage.”
Like most of the pros Bevan Docherty chose to ride a road bike with clip on aero bars on the technical Alcatraz course.
Docherty was closer to his best early season form, and seemed to be the best candidate to make a run at Potts as they came to the run turnaround at Baker Beach. “I was 20 seconds back of Andy at the turnaround, and dropped it to 15 seconds by the top of the sand ladder,” said Docherty. “But it’s a funny thing about this race. Even a run specialist can struggle with the out of sight, out of mind scenario and by the time I got to the top of the hill, Andy was gone. By the time he got to the long downhill, he is a big boy and he just let gravity go with him.”
For his part, Potts refused to let Docherty’s proven Olympic silver medal foot speed make him paranoid. “My legs were on and I never look back,” said Potts. “I’m never interested in things behind me. I’m only interested in things ahead of me.”
“It sucks to lose to an American,” quipped Docherty, who now makes his home six months of the year in Boulder, Colorado. “But I’m not in the form to win it yet. I’m aiming at the first New Zealand Olympic qualifier in Beijing his September.”
Potts stretched his margin to 43 seconds by the finish. While Bennett got close to Docherty down the stretch, he never put it in top gear. “My run split may have been quicker on the day (43:00 to Docherty’s 43:13) but Bevan is one of the quickest runners in the sport and he really got me on the bike. The fact is, there was no way I was going to get on my toes and sprint today. I have some big `races coming up and you can’t push the panic button and risk your whole season.”
Reed said he was happy with a “fourth place finish on a bad day,” and rolled sideways across the finish line in honor of Jon Blais, the inspiring age group triathlete who fought amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) until he died in late May. “I did the Blazeman Roll in Jon’s honor, said Reed, who donates much of his time, money and charitable works to carry on Blais’s fight against ALS.
Photo Credit: Timothy Carlson.
Defending champion Lavelle couldn’t find her legs on the day.
Leanda Cave emerged from the 57-degree waters of San Francisco Bay in 26:45, just 17 seconds behind super swimmer Linda Gallo and 38 seconds up on Pip Taylor, 49 seconds on 2006 Ironman Hawaii 4th place finisher Gina Kehr, 56 seconds ahead of defending Escape champ Becky Lavelle, 1 minute 33 seconds on 5-time Ironman New Zealand inner Joanna Lawn and 1 minute 53 seconds on Alexis Waddell.
“I don’t know what happened, but I swam alone for the first time ever here,” said Lavelle. “And I think I got caught a little wide near the end of the swim and had to cut over.”
Almost precisely like fellow defending champ Matt Reed, Lavelle headed out on the bike and soon found out it was not her day. “I heard I was a minute down after the swim, and I feel I caught up to Leanda pretty soon. But then she stayed with me. I couldn’t drop her. I knew she was a strong cyclist, but I was hoping I could put a little more time on her. But she came by me the last mile and I thought ‘Oh gosh, she’s right there.’ I managed to get to T2 first, but Leanda and Pip Taylor were close.”
Cave, however, found the bike much to her liking thanks to a recent home town advantage. “My boyfriend and coach Torsten Abel moved to Marin recently and I ride over and do this course all the time and I know it well,” said Cave. “It was very good for me today. Pip and Becky put time on me on the flats, I gained a little back on the climbs, and I made up a lot of time on the downhills.”
Pip Taylor tested her legs after a bout with exhaustion.
Pip Taylor, by contrast, played it safe on Alcatraz’s screaming downhills. “I’ve just come back from nine months off training to recover from severe exhaustion,” said Taylor, who is 27 and has won an ITU World Cup at Salford, England and was ranked number one in the ITU World Cup series for a few months in 2004. “This was my fist big race back and I didn’t want to fall. I figured I’d be better safe than sorry.”
Cave took off on the run, with Lavelle holding her in sight the first two miles until the Englishwoman took off. Taylor caught Lavelle one-third into the 8-mile run, but could only narrow the margin to 250 meters at the turnaround at Baker Beach. Lavelle, whose legs lacked her customary snap, got caught by Monterey’s Alexis Waddell on the top of the sand ladder and Ironman New Zealand 5-time champ Joanna Lawn caught Lavelle with 2 and ½ miles to go.
A the finish, Cave hit the line in 2:18:47, Taylor second in 2:19:35, Waddell , whose third place finish here was her best ever, in 2:20:29, Lawn was fourth in 2:21:25, and Lavelle fifth in 2:22:11.
“I just didn’t have it,” said Lavelle, who finished fifth. “I know all the women are great athletes, but you don’t like 5th when you won last year.” Searching for answers to her disappointing failure to defend at St. Anthony’s and Escape, Lavelle said “No excuses. I felt OK yesterday. But I had the flu Monday and so I didn’t do workouts all week. I was just hoping I’d be super-tapered and ready to go.”
Lawn enjoyed her first Escape. “It was super fun,” said the Kiwi. “But it’s not really made for an Ironman. They say it’s a strong person’s course, but I believe it is not a strong person’s course. It’s an attacker’s course. It’s made for you if you are an attacker and can lactate out as much as you can. It’s completely against Ironman strategy.”
Cave picks up and impressive win.
Waddell was over the moon with her strong third place finish, capped by a women’s race-best 51:34 run, five second faster than Cave’s. “This was my best finish here and I feel great,” said Waddell, decked out in her signature bright red-purple hair.
“To me it means a lot to do so well in one of the most unique races in the world,” said Taylor. “To have all that time off and coming back, it’s a big confidence `booster.”.
“I’ve had along career, but it looks like there’s a lot more left,” said a smiling Cave.
Accenture Escape from Alcatraz Triathlon
San Francisco , California
S 1.5 mi/ B 18 mi/ R 8 mi
Elite men
1. Andy Potts (Colorado Springs CO) 1:59:34
2. Bevan Docherty (Nzl) 2:00:17
3. Greg Bennett (Aus) 2:00:21
4. Matt Reed (Boulder CO) 2:02:04
5. Greg Remaly (Incline Village NV) 2:02:31
6. David Thompson (St. Paul, MN) 2:03:49
7. Matt Seymour (Colorado Springs CO) 2:05:19
8. Brian Fleischmann (Colorado Springs CO) 205:39
9. Matt Chrabot (Virginia Beach VA) 2:05:41
10. Nicholas Becker (Fra) 2:07:12
24. Kevin Everett (Boise, ID) 2:14:35
Elite women
1. Leanda Cave (Gbr) 2:18:47
2. Pip Taylor (Aus) 2:19:35
3. Alexis Waddell (Monterey CA) 2:20:29
4. Joanna Lawn (Nzl) 2:21:25
5. Becky Lavelle (Los Gatos CA) 2:22:11
6. Erin Ford (The Dalles OR) 2:22:18
7. Kelly Couch (San Mateo CA) 2:24:42
8. Linda Gallo (Mountain View CA) 2:25:54
9. Gina Kehr (Woodland CA) 2:27:05
10. Lara Brown (San Francisco CA) 2:27:3.
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Alcatraz Video parts 1 thru 4
San Francisco, CA. The greatest triathlon on the planet in my opinion is the Escape from Alcatraz Triathlon. The inspiring beauty of the course makes for moments of awe. The challenging course with thousands of spectators gives one a sense of remarkable accomplishment. The competitors are the best athletes from all over the globe. The city of San Francisco in June is a lovely reprieve from the summer heat and an fantastic place to spend time. The long history and lore of this triathlon creates an endless demand of racers wanting to test their skills against some formidable elements. In other words, a weekend in San Francisco for the Escape from Alcatraz Triathlon is a promise to fulfill one’s spirit with adventure and character while enjoying the city.
Although Hortense and I have had this on the schedule for awhile, we waited until Tuesday before the race to look for plane tickets. They were too much so we decided to drive. I use the term ‘we’ loosely as my lovely wife drove us the whole way, while I relaxed and napped in the back with my feet up. She is a considerate and loving woman, my wife! After a wonderful time in and around San Francisco, race morning came quickly and early at 4am.
At a quarter to 6 we were on the buses in route to the ferry that would take us to the infamous prison. It is exciting loading up a boat, with thousands of people, that takes you to the middle of San Francisco Bay only to have everyone abandon ship and swim back themselves. We climbed over the railing and had several minutes to take in the scene before plunging into the sharky waters. On our right was Alcatraz Island where many gulls were soaring in the calm early morning breezes. You could see the main prison structure but most noticeable, next to the shore where we were anchored, was some torn down fences and remnants of utility buildings long past their use. To our left was the amazing back drop of San Francisco. Fog covered much of the city as the high rises pierced into the sky. The view was astounding and one fit for a seaside brunch at the finest restaurant. Out in front of us were boats and kayakers forming a kind of passage through the sea, while the Golden Gate Bridge loomed on the horizon. A helicopter arrived to document the event and hovered nearby. It was easy to lose yourself in the awe and spectacle of the moment. Then, suddenly, on the far right of the boat, someone dove in.
Time to go! The first dive created a domino effect as everyone realized that some had already started the race. I was off in a flash and feeling like a fish zipping through the surf. I was in front with the leaders for the first 300 meters. The sea was choppy and swirly, elements I usually thrive in. But I was having a difficult time finding my stroke and getting in a rhythm. I tried to tweak things while racing but I felt like a clumsy 8 year old learning how to swim. It seemed I was too cerebral and thinking way too much. Come race time, you want to be in that free flowing zone of second nature. It should come natural. I came out of the water well off the leaders pace, where I am usually seconds behind, I was minutes behind.
In hindsight, a combination of variables converged that slowed my usual staple, the swim. Too much training on my own, not enough IM work (my freestyle is much better when all 4 of my strokes are strong), 25 yard pool swimming and calm lakes, (no 50 meter lc or rough water swimming), and focusing on my bike and run while allowing my swimming to slide, a little more than anticipated. The remedy is simple. Early morning practice! I’ll have a 50m pool to swim in, with other fast swimmers and I’ll force myself to do more IM work. Then, I can also swim in the Boise River to get used to swimming in strong currents. I’m excited to get back into top form!
In the past, my race would have been all but lost without a strong swim. But I still had a great race. I felt awesome on the bike, my biggest drawback there was being a chicken on some of the descents, not knowing where the next corner would be, and I was tentative at times. I did more breaking than I needed to. I had almost endless energy until the last hill or two where the demanding course began to take a toll, but still came into T2 feeling good.
The streets and running paths were lined with thousands of people shouting words of encouragement, helping any and all racers push themselves to new limits. It was fun for me to feed of this excitement and charge ahead. I had a stumble that provoked some ewes and ouches from some volunteers just after coming out of the dark tunnel. It was a miss-step that could have hurt but fortunately I landed well and said, “I’m OK” as I got up and trotted on.
The next major obstacle was Baker Beach and running in deep sand that soaked up copious amounts of energy. Then, after the leg drain of running on the beach, it was time to climb up the sand ladder. This year I stayed on the side and relied heavily on the railing. I think this strategy wasted energy and slowed me down as the flimsy railing provides little if any assistance. So next year, I’m going to high step it with fist pumping action.
Reaching the top of the sand ladder is rewarding for the simple fact that you have conquered the last remaining hill on the course, it’s all down hill from there. I felt good the last couple miles and pushed a solid pace while nearing the finish. The last half mile was painful but again, having all the spectators is very motivating to finish strong. It was a rewarding day and one I’ll enjoy reminiscing for years to come. Taking 15 minutes off of last years time is always a good sign that you are moving in the right direction.
Results for Escape from Alcatraz
Article from Inside Tri magazine.
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[recap] Grey's Anatomy 1323 "True Colors" by ella1967
| press release | promo | photos | sneak peek 1 | sneak peek 2 |
This was one of those rare weeks in our favorite fictional Seattle hospital in which we caught sight of Owen Hunt again, albeit in a painfully complicated story directed by Kevin McKidd himself. But this is Grey's Anatomy so what other kind of story is there in that universe? Considering we're almost to the end of the season, Owen's fans should count themselves lucky that he wasn't in the hospital when a vengeful patient set himself on fire while trying to escape, causing a large explosion. Okay, let's go back to the beginning of the hour so that y'all know how we got here.
The main focus of Owen's reappearance seemed to be a step forward in the storyline of his Missing In Action ister Megan disguised as a further test to his marriage with Amelia. Unfortunately, we had to wait a while to hear what message was delivered by the two army personnel who showed up on Owen's doorstep as he got ready for work. Considering one of them was a chaplain, we knew it wasn't going to be any kind of good news. Viewers were meant to be inside Owen's shock, as instead of hearing the news as it was delivered in that opening scene, we heard him walk through the hospital shrouded in a static-laden buzz that seemed to indicate Owen's shattered attempt at processing what had happened.
Owen's abrupt behavior surprised April as she attempted to treat a choking infant in the Emergency Room. His hard slaps on the infant's back dislodged the coin on which she'd choked and got us to, of course, Amelia performing the neurological consult he gruffly recommended before stepping away. This gave her a perfect excuse to find Owen, clearly freaked out, in an exam room to deliver the parents' request to speak to him further. In another stalemate move on the Owen and Amelia chess board, rather than investigate why he seemed so off his game, she simply got irritated and left the room after delivering the message.
When he caught up to the baby's parents and the mother thanked him with a tearful hug for saving her child's life, Owen fled from the emotional closeness and hid out in another empty exam room. This time Amelia followed him and asked what was going on. Oh, and just in case this story wasn't complicated enough, this was just after she finished encouraging Meredith again to move forward with Nathan. Owen finally choked out that he had news about Megan, and, wait for it...she's alive! While I'm grateful Owen has a storyline and that, perhaps, he and Amelia might, just might, remember how to talk to each other, it's distressing how his story looped us back to Meredith's story in a typical Grey's house of cards. Are we destined to see Meredith on the dark and twisty road again? Let's hope not, but since this is Grey's, that might be a vain hope.
Soon we saw Amelia take charge as Owen began to crumble under the weight of the situation. While the two of them were at Meredith's house trying to track down information on whether or not it was indeed Megan who was being transported to an Army hospital in Germany, we soon saw allusions to Owen's past, parts of which were news to Amelia. After Teddy, former Seattle surgeon who served overseas with Owen, Megan, and Nathan, confirmed that Owen's sister had been found, Amelia set about having her transferred to Seattle. She was also smart enough to call in the leading expert in PTSD to help Owen deal with the guilt he soon showed us at having moved on with his life while his sister had been held hostage for nearly 10 years.
Once Meredith arrived home with the kids the rest of the story was set into motion as Amelia related the truth of Megan's reappearance. Meredith then took it upon herself to return to the hospital so as to share this news with Nathan. And wouldn't you know it, just as Meredith got out of her car a fiery explosion shook the hospital. Guess next week must be the season finale, huh?
Elsewhere in the hospital: Meredith and Nathan woke up together and Maggie noticed their coziness at work; Alex tracked down Jo's husband, a fellow doctor, with likely to be disastrous results given his imaginings of what might happen when he confronted him; Richard approved Stephanie's return to work after a short round of therapy; Arizona and Eliza woke up together so they seemed to be going strong; two patients of the week came in unconscious and partially disrobed after a car crash; Jackson and Maggie continued to bond; Eliza put Stephanie on scut duty monitoring the male patient in the car accident who grew creepy and combative as it came to light he'd tried to rape the woman in the car; the hospital went into lockdown as they tried to find him after he took Stephanie hostage in an attempt to escape; and that's where that explosion came from as he tried to set a fire to get the doors to unlock again and, with Stephanie's assistance, ended up setting himself aflame.
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The critical site
of Pázmány Péter
Catholic University
Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Department of Aesthetics
H-2087 Egyetem street 1, Piliscsaba | +36 26 375 375/2934 | kuk@btk.ppke.hu
A Less Serious Face of Virginia Woolf
2015, June 13 - 4:15pm
László Gabriella
The Charleston Bulletin Supplements
When hearing the name Virginia Woolf, one usually recalls the author’s famous novels such as Mrs Dalloway, To the Lighthouse or The Waves. It is also more than probable that once Woolf’s experimental writings are mentioned, they are inevitably linked to their writer’s genius which is at once paralleled with her mental illness that eventually led to her suicide. Woolf’s vulnerable state of mind is so overemphasized in most writings ever published on her that nearly everyone identifies the author with this aspect of her life. The Hours, the film based on Michael Cunningham’s same-titled novel, which reached even more people than written biographies, did little to dispel these prejudices against Woolf, presenting her as a weak, unbalanced human being who was unable to feel joy in any facet of her life, and because of this feebleness she was a subject of ridicule even for her nephews. This kind of characterisation, however, is extremely limited and, at the same time, highly unjustified. In her memoir Angelica Garnett, Woolf’s niece, wrote the following:
…Virginia loved finding herself back in a family environment, and, feeling that an afternoon at Charleston was a holiday, her main purpose was to twang the strings and make them buzz with teasing and laughter. To her this was the breath of life, and she thoroughly enjoyed it. For us it was as though a stopper had been taken out of a bottle – criticisms, questions, and jokes poured out of her…1
A recently published family journal, The Charleston Bulletin Supplements perfectly reflects Garnett’s reminiscences of her aunt.
Virginia Woolf’s two nephews, Quentin and Julian Bell, started a daily family newspaper in 1923 with the title The Charleston Bulletin. These couple of pages were handwritten or typed by the boys, later mainly by Quentin alone, and were placed in front of the family each morning. The booklets consisted of stories about the everyday activities of the household and a weather forecast. This kind of enterprise was not without precedence in the family, as Woolf herself was the author of Hyde Park Gate News, another family journal, when she was in her early teens. This fact may have been one of the reasons why Quentin Bell asked his aunt to contribute to his project, which Woolf did with great enthusiasm. The stories composed in their collaboration, written by Woolf and illustrated by Bell, were special issues of the Bulletin and were referred to as the Supplements which, unknown for so many years, have now been published by The British Library. The collection of the short and concise stories, written between 1923 and 1927, were inspired by the chaotic life of Vanessa Bell’s family and friends, mostly members of the Bloomsbury Group, who frequently visited the Bells’ farmhouse in Charleston, Sussex. The pages of the book are the facsimile editions of the original manuscripts, so that the reader is invited to see what the journals looked like when the family read them at the breakfast table. This must have been an entertaining part of the day as the characters, events and places based on real life were joined by fictional ones, richly coloured by Virginia Woolf’s unconstrained imagination which made some of the episodes develop into visions one may call literary nonsense.
The special Christmas issue from 1923 revolves around Vanessa Bell, her troubles with the limitations of time and her absent-mindedness, which could also lead to her eating a part of her necklace of beads instead of her porridge. The authors clearly titled another episode, Eminent Charlestonians, after Lytton Strachey’s Eminent Victorians and took the misfortunes of several members of the household, including the servants and the dog, under their wicked scrutiny. The Life and Death History of a Studio is the fantasy version of the painters’ building their new studio at Charleston. The chaos caused by the Charlestonians’ endeavours is expressed by all imaginable objects from a camel which consumes domestic animals, to a heap of the most unusual things, including ’25 male rats’ (73.) and false teeth. The Dunciad, written in 1924, similarly to Pope’s work, is a satire, but instead of dullness it is of Duncan Grant’s life, which seems to be far from boring according to Virginia Woolf. His vicissitudes stretch from a doubtful birth through a shipwreck and being kissed by Queen Victoria to setting the pond on fire. The following year’s special Christmas issue was The Messiah, another satire, this time on Clive Bell, whose birth was presented as the Nativity itself. The targets of irony were his vanity, snobbery and womanizing, suggesting that his baldness was caused by women stealing his curls to keep them in their reticules. The Monthly Calendar is a collection of events from each month of 1927. One episode mocks Vanessa’s choice of a cottage in South of France, completely unsuitable for providing stimuli for painting, as opposed to Charleston. In another the rivalry of the Bells and the Woolfs’ newly purchased cars the Woolfs’ Singer triumphs as superior, of course.
The period in which the issues were created was the most significant in Woolf’s career. The quest for her own literary voice resulted in such landmark novels as Mrs Dalloway in 1925 and To the Lighthouse in 1927. Thus the writing of the supplements may have served as a channel to release Woolf from all the strains her mind was subjected to while composing her difficult works. Although the supplements are far from the pieces of Woolf’s high literature, they are an invaluable representation of her utmost playfulness, which even Orlando cannot demonstrate so freely. The careless flight of Woolf’s imagination makes us feel the bohemian spirit of Charleston as if we were part of it.
Virginia Woolf & Quentin Bell: The Charleston Bulletin Supplements. London, The British Library, 2013.
1 Angelica Garnett: Deceived with Kindness. London, Pimlico, 1995. 106.
just read
the origin of the artwork
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Evil resurfaces in Derry as director Andy Muschietti reunites the Losers Club—young and adult—in a return to where it all began with “It Chapter Two.”
The film is Muschietti’s follow-up to 2017’s critically acclaimed and massive worldwide box office hit “IT,” which grossed over $700 million globally. Both redefining and transcending the genre, “IT” became part of the cultural zeitgeist as well as the highest-grossing horror film of all time.
Because every 27 years evil revisits the town of Derry, Maine, “It Chapter Two” brings the characters—who’ve long since gone their separate ways—back together as adults, nearly three decades after the events of the first film.
Oscar nominee Jessica Chastain (“Zero Dark Thirty,” “Mama”) stars as Beverly, James McAvoy (“Split,” upcoming “Glass”) as Bill, Bill Hader (HBO’s “Barry,” “The Skeleton Twins”) as Richie, Isaiah Mustafa (TV’s “Shadowhunters: The Mortal Instruments”) as Mike, Jay Ryan (TV’s “Mary Kills People”) as Ben, James Ransone (HBO’s “The Wire”) as Eddie, and Andy Bean (“Allegiant,” Starz’ “Power”) as Stanley. Reprising their roles as the original members of the Losers Club are Jaeden Martell as Bill, Wyatt Oleff as Stanley, Jack Dylan Grazer as Eddie, Finn Wolfhard as Richie, Sophia Lillis as Beverly, Chosen Jacobs as Mike, and Jeremy Ray Taylor as Ben. Bill Skarsgård returns in the seminal role of Pennywise.
Muschietti directed the film from a screenplay by Gary Dauberman (“IT,” “Annabelle: Creation”) based on the novel IT by Stephen King. Barbara Muschietti, Dan Lin and Roy Lee produced the film, with Marty Ewing, Seth Grahame-Smith and David Katzenberg serving as the executive producers.
The behind-the-scenes creative team included director of photography Checco Varese (“The 33”), Oscar-winning production designer Paul Denham Austerberry (“The Shape of Water”), editor Jason Ballantine (“IT,” “Mad Max: Fury Road”), and Oscar-nominated costume designer Luis Sequeira (“The Shape of Water,” “Mama”). The music is by Benjamin Wallfisch (“Shazam!,” “Blade Runner 2049,” “IT”).
New Line Cinema presents, a Vertigo Entertainment/Rideback Production, an Andy Muschietti film, “It Chapter Two.” The film is slated for release in theaters and IMAX on September 6, 2019 and will be distributed worldwide by Warner Bros. Pictures.
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What is your opinion about the State of the United States? In 4-5 sentences support your opinion with quotes and evidence.
Jermaine Carter
I believe that the U.S is having a very hard time because Trump wants the funding for his wall which the democrats wont give to him.Trump will continue to be stubborn because as he says "Economic miracle is taking place." He believe that this is his doing and he will have what he wants.Trump's stubborn attitude will lead to even more hardships for Americans
Daniel Panduro
I agree with Jermaine because this is going to bring conflict with the U.S later. This will bring up conflict because Trump will not stop until that money is in his hands. This effects a lot of us in the government shut down and effects how people live.
Adan Munoz P.1
I think what Trump has been doing and his goal is wrong. Trump had said in the Union that it's because of him that the economy is great which is a partially a lie. To illustrate "Economic miracle is taking place... the only thing can stop it are foolish wars and partisan investigation". He said that the investigation would stop the great work he has done for the US, its a wast of time and that they need to stop it immediately or the US will crumble. I don't like it because it just shows how his manipulating people to make sure he stays as President for the remainder of his run and to keep him there for another 4 years.
Luis Hernandez P1
I do not believe the US is healthy as long as we have a idiotic president who wants to shutdown the government again in less than 10 days if he doesn't get funding to build his silly wall for which really do not need. I believe that president trump will make chaos if he shutdown the government and there will be a lot of angry government agents and other people who rely on gov programs to eat and feed their families who will be coming after him all all because of wall.
deserie vidriezca p1
Honestly the united states isn't healthy as of now .We have a president shutting down the government over a wall on the southern border, its pure nonsense hes stopping so many people from receiving their paychecks. He says he will do it again as an "emergency" on Feb 15 if they don't fund him with the money for the wall. Our president to me is weak how can he talk about "immigrants" when his own wife is one. Trump says "economic miracle's taking place the only thing can stay our foolish was parasitism investigation" I want to know what miracles is he bringing all i know is that hes making our state look dumb and weak.
The Fact that The President has to shutdown the government to get what he wants is just ridiculous, especially if he has to do it as an emergency and for an extended period of time.
My opinion of the United states is that the country is doing okay.The country is doing okay but we have people who make a mess of this country. The president still wants the wall, and will shut down the government as he said round February 15. I find the wall unnecessary because he claim that mexico and the other Spanish countries are terrorist and rapist and drug dealers or whatever. But this country is messing up by the gun violence, Trump is over here worrying about the wall that isn't built the country he president in is having a certain violence problem over weapons. I believe that the president is messing up the country, and his supporters make it seem like its okay to built a wall. So much racism in this country, its unnecessary, the president is just pushing stereotypes even more now.
Jaylon
I agree wit Jeffrey, only for the fact that america and its civilization will do whatever it takes for power and peace. However, this hunger for power is what leads us into sacrificing innocent people from putting them into wars. The country would be fine if we just stay with what we have now instead of always wanting more when we have already got enough. With Donald Trump in office , i have a feeling he may try to start a war soon.
Jackie Garcia
I think Trump is not a good president he takes credit for things he does not even do and the things he does do he does not say. He thinks that with him being president everything is great but its not. He is also still trying to shut down the government to get money for the wall he is sure he is going to build. When he said he was going to build the wall it stood out to me because he really want to build that wall.
I agree with my cousin jackie because trump take credit for every good thing that happens in american.
teresa moran
I agree with the homegirl jackie because Trump is doing the most to get what he wants which is to get rid of illegal people that are in this country at the moment. Since he is not getting the support he needs to build this wall he has been shutting down the government and he is still not getting any money for the wall. This stands out to me because this change would just mess up the economy of the country since a lot of the jobs are taken up by the "illegal people".
Ejiro Ogbeni
I agree with you Jackie,he's always claiming and taking credit for things he did not do which is wrong.He want to build that wall by all means and he won't stop until he gets the money for the wall why punish your people (citizens)because of a wall
Wendy Medina
I agree with Jackie and Lucia b/c it is true trump does take credit for stuff that he didn't even do. Trump is making the untied states weak bc he is not working hard to make it better , he making weak by wanting to bulid the wall , the wall is usless.
delmy hernandez
My opinion about the state of the united states is president Donald Trump is making it more difficult for many people just because he wants amount of money to built the wall. Trump will continue to beg for his money like he said "Economic miracle is taking place, the only thing that can stop it are foolish wars and partisan investigation". Also the government will shutdown once again on February 15. I feel like during the shutdown workers working without pay will struggle more to support there families. I think what President Donald Trump doing is immoral.
Tenaya PInkney P1
What I think would happen next is that Trump will end up using people's taxes anyway to build the wall. The government will probably shut down again because of Trumps actions. In the Union he said the wall is getting put up no matter what. His plan before was to use people taxes to build the wall so now that they have already signed the papers for taxes he might use their money for it. I believe that Stacey is/sounds more presidental then trump because she knows what she is talking about and cares for everyones well-being not just some of the people in the U.s.
Erick P5
NO CAP
Emily Villalobos P1
Based on Donald Trump's speech, and the response to it made by Stacy Abram it is no doubt that the United states is at a time where both parties have such a disparity in belief that conflict will most likely remain a major stalemate. With the Right's concern to serve for those of their own standards and keeping to restrict American ideals for only those they associate with to the Left attempting to keep diversity and seek that everyone is still entitled to live by American ideals. The major thing that always seems to make a lot of people bat an eye is Trumps speeches and how he illustrates the american state to that of which it isn't like his speech when it mentions " an economic miracle is taking place. The only thing that is stopping it, are foolish wars, politics and partisan investigations" since much of what he addresses has correlated with him, it is easy to conclude that at the moment all these things that he claims to interfere with economic growth is in fact, issues that he has created and if not contributed to.
Raymond V. P1
In my opinion, i think that the United states is not healthy. I think that the president is ignorant from the fact that he wants to shutdown the government again. If he does this he is putting people at risk in the government and places where the government is in charge of. He also wants to build the wall which is not even worth the time and money and instead of focusing on that, he should be aware of the country and fix its problems like rebuilding or like helping the need that need it. He is making our country unhealthy by is poor actions.
TreShaun j
In my Opinion I feel like America is in a time where things are going very scary. This is because the words and the actions that has been taken by Trump. I personally feel like Donald Trump is a horrible president and maybe just wanted to be president bc he’s a billionaire. It’s like he’s being a kid, if he doesn’t get what he wants the he does things that can harm Americans badly such as the government shutdown. Donald trump is highly motivated to build a dumb wall, his reasons for this is very racist. But in my opinion I feel like we are just in a scary time and in the election of 2020 I will be able to vote and I will make sure I vote against him.
Manuel P.
In my opinion, The united states of america is going in a downward spiral due to the decisions that Trump is making.He has hurt the nation by shutting down the government for a long period of time and he plans on doing it again on February the 15th. He also wants people to stop investigating him as it will stop the "Economic miracle." The actions being taken by Trump will burn the united states to the ground.
Hugo Nevarez
In the past three years the United States has been through a lot. The United States has accomplished many things and gained my flaws during the past few years ever since Donald Trump became president.For example we have more women running for congress than any other year as trump stated in the union. A flaw is that Trump uses the wall as a threat to shut down the government,he also used the union as a way to say how him being investigated is a bad thing. This just proves to me that the United States is in a bad situation and that thing will get worst.
Mariana Garcia
In my opinion The United States is not currently in a healthy state. The president of the US believes that "an economic miracle is taking place in the United States-- and the only thing that can stop it are foolish wars, politics, or ridiculous partisan investigations." which is not true. How is there an economic miracle if just a few weeks ago many workers were not receiving paychecks because our president decided to shutdown the federal government for an ineffective wall. He also promised that in 10 days he will have another shutdown and do it as an emergency. Also why did he subtly criticized Nancy Pelosi for doing her JOB which is to investigate him for breaking laws.
Vanessa Roman P2
In my opinion the state of the United States is that it is not going in the right direction. Donald Trump is trying to provoke people by saying that a wall is needed, his supporters and to everyone who opposes this. In the state of the union speech, he chose to speak upon the crime acts being committed that come from the southern border. Meanwhile the Democratic Party ( the democratic response)is against the wall and how instead more support and funding can go to education and for the better of the American lives .
jeniffer osborne
I think Trump's speech "economic miracle is taking place...the only thing the only thing that can stop it are foolish wars and partisan investigation" is controversial because he is indirectly talking to the speaker of the house of representative and telling them to stop all investigation on the government so that the so-called economic miracle can happen.he also said that the wall he want to build will protect Americans from drug dealers,human traffickers, e.t.c which means he is calling immigrants drug dealers and human traffickers, this means he is not in for any other thing other than stopping or reducing immigration in any way .in my opinion,the response to the president by the democrats is right because their representative said that America is stronger by the presence of immigrants and not wall,this means the democrats are not happy with the president's decision on shutting down the government because of the border wall.
Selena Gonzalez
In my opinion, the United States is in the middle of a crisis. I think this because the president wants funding for an unnecessary wall. This is a problem because he is acting childish and throwing a tantrum by shutting down the government which is a problem because many people rely on government funding. He will shut down the government again Feb.15 if he doesn't get the money that he wants for the wall. I know this because in his speech he states "I will build that wall" which shows that he is certain about this and it is something that he is not backing down from.
Jennifer C P.5
I agree with Selena because i do believe that the United States is in the middle of a crisis. Our president, Donald Trump is only causing more problems and chaos in America because he isn't receiving the money that is needed for the unnecessary wall. Many people didn't get paid during the government shut down, which caused many of them to lose their homes.In my opinion, Trump should focus on bigger problems rather than worrying about getting his money for the wall. For instance, he should worry about kids education in America, and how our system is slowly failing us.
christina jones
The state of U.S. is very horrific. Previously the president issued a government shutdown. This shutdown impacted many working class Americans in their pockets. The shutdown was issued in the result of the government not giving money to Donald Trump to help build a more efficient wall and more formidable border patrol. The horrific thing about this is the government declines in giving the president any essentials in building the wall. He then decided since the government would not give any type of funding he would threaten the pockets of many Americans again by issuing a government shutdown in 10 days. So the state of the U.S. is horrific do to the fact that many Americans live pay-check to pay-check and many may be evicted, homeless, etc. due to the presidents careless actions.
Jason Macias
In my opinion Trump say the same thing he always say. The speech was long and like you heard it before. The speech was boring. The president talk about the "problem" of american and how he fix america. He talk about the wall again and how it will keep us safe.
ashley perez
i think that the state of the united states is very bad at the moment. When the government got shut down it impacted many working people. the president even said that after ten days if he doesn't have the money he "needs" to build the wall he's going to shut it down again which is going to effect workers once again for having to work without pay. president trump thinks that " economic miracle is taking place.. the only thing that can stop it are foolish wars, and partisan investigation." none of this is true because we cant have an economic miracle if workers were recently working without pay.
Demarre Gilmore Period:5th
I feel like the lady in the video brought up so good points and agree because the united states have been going thru certain problems that needs to be fixed and i definitely wont be fixed by a wall
Joseph Jimenez
The state of the United States is essentially a huge campaign trail for President Trump. Words such as good and bad don't describe the status for it's too simple but complex. Trump used his stage at the State of the Union to propel himself as the face of the United States. He described himself as basically the savior of the United States and he's the reason why America is so "great." By doing so, Trump is setting himself up to be seen as a hero thus allowing him to be seen as favorable to Republicans and the American people who share his same ideals. Trump stated, "[T]he only thing that can stop it are foolish wars and partisan investigation." This shows an implicit connection between Trump and stepping stones to a reelection campaign. The state of the United States, is simply put as this; a gigantic reelection campaign for Donald Trump.
Andrey Mejia
the state of the U.S is terrible .previously the president issued a goverment shutdown .The reason why the strike was issued is because the president wanted a wall and funding wasn't issued .he then threatened the pockets of many american's by isssuing the strike .so the state of the u.s is horrific due to the fact that americans are living based off week to week checks and being evicted from their homes ,Due to the presidents selfish acts
Elijah Brown
My opinion about the state of the United States is president Donald Trump is making it difficult for many people to live in the US because he want everyone to bend to his will but they won’t . Trump will continue to beg "Economic miracle is taking place, the only thing that can stop it are foolish wars and partisan investigations. He’s trying to avoid people from stopping him and getting in his way.
evelin almendariz p.3
In my opinion i believe that the United states is not being ran by the right person. Donald Trump is not mentally stable in my opinion to run as president because he does not care about the people who are being affected by the government shut down. He is the one who says when the shut down starts and when it ends. he is being immature by saying that if he doesn't get the funding to build the wall, he would shut down the government again. this is a very serious situation because a lot of people depend on government money.
Marco Ramirez P3
The state of the union speech was just a Trump trying to not let himself get kick out of the presidency. When Trump said "the only thing can stop it are foolish was and partisan investigation." He was trying to talk down the people to not investigate the president. Trump also said "if I wasn't president we will be in a war with North Korea." He uses this to his advantage even though he let Kim walk all over him.
Julian Ortega
What i think about the place i live is that we, yes me and you are all in great danger. Due to the fact that the president of the Unites States is not doing his job well as president. An example is the government shut down on the US, this has cause many economic problems and many struggles within families. This is one a many reasons, there are many mistakes that Trump has committed.
Kimberly Cifuentes
I think that Trump is doing unnecessary things in order to get funding for the was that wont really be useful because people will find a way around it and all the funding that he is trying to get will just go to waste. From Trump's speeches I can tell that he is very determined to get the funding for the wall so there will most likely be another government shutdown. With another government shutdown many more people will lack money to pay their bills because they wont be getting paid due to the government shutting down in 10 days. So this shows that the United States isnt doing very good lately all because of Donald Trumps determination of getting a wall built on the border.
Talor Marshall
My opinion on the state of the Union is that it isn't at a right place at this time because of Trump. I feel that he is hiding something that he is planing on doing in the future, so he causes so many distractions. And that is why he doesn't want people to investigate him.
Christopher Flores
The State of the U.S as from trumps point of view is going great.The people of America and myself say otherwise.Trump say's he has an agenda to "Make America Great Again".In the interest of the people but right now,We the people have condoned almost everything that trump has said.Whether or not Trump makes himself believe that the state of the union is strong.There simply is no way that this is true seeing as how he has shut the government down in a stunt ONLY to protect himself and not the people.As from what I have seen it's only a matter of time before trump does something that is irreversible and leaves the union in an even worse state.We can only wait until we have the ability to vote or the president does not rig the way that we share our voice as the people of this nation.
I believe that the state of the United States is not as bad as it has been, but at the same time, it's in a very critical condition. We have a President that believes he is a hero that came to save us; protecting us from rapist, murders, drug dealers, sex and human traffickers with the cost of a $5.4 billion wall in the southern boarder of the United States to stop illegal immigrants from poisoning our country. A person that doesn't think about the consequences of his actions, for example, the government shut down caused a lot of hardships within families with low income. A President should be a person who serves the people, making rational decisions for the good of the country and making us feel safe; not scaring us into building a wall.
Emmanuel Deleon
My opinion on how the governments health is right now its that its falling apart. We shouldnt have a war in between our own walls, for example Nancy does not have any respect towards Trump because of her beliefs she has against him and Trump is poking a stick at her trolling her.Trump may feel this way because 'he may be a spy" but also because he might feel that this distrust will come in different ways of people viewing this government.Trump will be himself for his 4 years and he is absoulutely obsured with his Wall he wants to built not because I have been out this wall but what his idea of the wall has effected , it effected so many people in a difference scenario.I can speak so many things but the government is just no healthy right now because of this war that is in this house.One day the government will realize that Trump is the cancer of the government and he should step down because he has not brung our government into a healthy situation.
Selena Samano
Trump´s State of the Union speech, was very ironic. As he spoke and said, ¨economic miracle is taking place...the only thing that can stop it are foolish wars..and partisan investigations¨ he was clearly indicating that while an investigation is under operation, the economy will be unsuccessful. This shows how he feels superiority and like he is the main head that is driving the United States to ¨success¨ and ¨wealth.¨ On the other hand, while stating all of this with much prideful, he forgets that he had recently shutdown the government that impacted the United States' economy and millions of government employees strongly. He wants the spotlight and the recognition that he supposedly deserves so much, that he takes credit for things that he did not do and forgets the reality that he has made of the United States.
Marcela Ledezma
I think that the state of the united states is bad. Although there have been some improvements made, like higher minimum wages, i think that our president isnt someone that we should trust to serve our country. he says that hes saving the country from rapists, murderers, and drug dealers by building the 5 billion dollar wall, but he is causing us to become a xenophobic country.
Mekhi Parker
The way I see it is people all across america is blind sided they need to wake up and realize that society is falling apart the world is coming to a end because we giving people power that can end are country people need to take time to double check what they doing if not before it hits 2020 there will not be a United States.
Kristy Barrientos
I believe the state of the United States is going on a very terrible path. Trump claims he wants to make America great again but can't do that if we're having "foolish wars and partisan investigation" as he said in the video, but that doesn't really make any sense because if he's not doing anything wrong secretly then he should still be able to do what he wants. In my opinion, he's hiding something and is definitely leading the United States into a hole of white supremacy. Leading America to greatness would look like what Stacey Abrams spoke about and what she emphasized which was opportunity, community and shared responsibility FOR EVERYONE and WITH EVERYONE, something Trump as president is not doing but should be doing.
Josselin Munguia
My opinion about the State of the United States is that it is in a very low dangerous place. The fact that the United States has a president that says,"Economic miracle is taking place... the only thing that can stop it are foolish wars and partisan investigation." shows his petty immature character that has control over a nation. The quote demonstrates the low character he is and the danger he is putting the nation in by creating more tension and petty actions. President Trump can not even own up to his own actions that he is extremely agitated by the fact that something is being done to stop him. In addition, his last few sentences of giving congress 10 days to pass a bill to fund the beginning of wall and if they do not follow then the government will shut down once again shows the danger the nation is in. The state of United States has come to a breaking point where it has chosen a president that does not care for every single human but rather put his own beliefs and priorities first.
Jazmine Lopez
I believe that the State of the United States is not doing very well. Especially as having Trump as president, it takes a toll on the way things should be going. The things Trump says is unnecessary and someone in the office should take a stand and go against his ideas and things he says he's going to do but shouldn't. There are many people who disagree with so much but won't say anything because they don't have enough power to change anything. When Trump says, "Economic miracle is taking place... the only thing we can do to stop it are foolish wars and partisan investigation." By him saying this it means that he wants to make himself seem as a good president. He also mentioned that because of him we aren't at war with North Korea and since they are going to investigate him he has to make himself look like he's the best person ever and he also throws a little shade at the speaker of the house especially since she was the one who was going to investigate about him. I don't like the way things are and there should be a change I agree with everything Stacey Abrams especially about making health care less expensive and things we need to survive and live a good life more accessible.
In my point of view, the U.S. is going in a bad direction because of the decisions that Trump is making. He has hurt the nation by shutting down the government for a long period of time and still, with that being said, he plans on doing it again on February the 15th. He also wants to stop his investigations as it will stop the "Economic miracle." With these actions of his, America will dissolve into dirt without a doubt.
Alex Guzman
The current condition of the United States in horrific due to the government being in the hands of a president who is not qualified to lead. The president Donald Trump shut down the government because of a disagreement between him and the congress which mainly consists of democrats. The disagreement was that the president wants to build a giant border wall between the United States and Mexico but does not have the funding, this leads him to asking the congress to pass a bill for funding which they refuse. He publicly announced that the congress has 10 days to pass the bill before he starts another shutdown which will stop giving checks to federal workers. This is a significant problem because we as Americans we have never been in a situation similar to this and it only worsens the lives of many.
Rashod Yasin
The state of the union, Donald Trump focuses on his wall and believes he is right.He is threatening to shut down the government again if he doesn't get his wall.He wants to have people believe that the investigation is no longer important moving own and it will only create problems.
Katherine U.
In my opinion I feel that the United States is in a bad direction at the moment. Based on Trump's speech he views the United States nation as a nation that has been prospering thanks to him as President. He mentioned that a lot of people voted for the wall to be build and that HE WILL BUILT IT. He is having people that serve our nation built this wall due to him not getting the $5.7 billion. He had the government shutdown roughly for a month and in 10 days he is going to do it again. He’s not thinking of how this has affected millions of families. Parents having to look for part time jobs in order to be able to pay of their rent or feed their families. Therefore, I say that Trump abuses of his power and that will do whatever he can to get what he wants.
Iyanna Kirkwood P4
My opinion about the State of the United States is that we are slowly falling apart. Ever since Trump has became president he has caused more problems for the US than any solutions. Trump states, " Economic miracle is taking place... the only thing can stop it are foolish ways and partisan investigation. " Trump is doing things that he knows the people of the US would not re elect him for, that's why he doesn't want any investigation to happen.
Cynthia Ramirez
In my opinion, the United States is going through a hard time because of Trump. Yes, he has done some good things for the country but that shouldn't mask what he is doing right now. In the following quote Trump expresses how he is blaming other people for the government shutdown and all the destruction caused by it when it is all his fault. "Economic miracle is taking place...the only thing stopping it are the foolish wars and partisan investigations." Also, now he is more determined to build the wall, more determined than he ever was. There wouldn't be no change to the country, except more life threatening problems than can be avoided but Trump doesn't care. He needs to be less stubborn and listen because this is just bad for everyone.
i think that what he is doing is wrong because hes acting like without the government we have resources.
Genesis Rosales
I think that Trump is just a selfish person . Not caring about others self being and just in himself . He said that putting up a wall was going to protect american people . Also HE said He was gonna make it happen for those who voted for him . He also said that United States is in good hands and that we aint bombed cause he made good dealings with North Korea . To being with i dont think that any president would want to get bombed . Trump is just making U.S. worse and is not fixing anything by shutting down a government that helps people . He just big pressed .
Ramon Angel
In my opinion the state of the United States is deficient. It is inadequate because President Trump wants funds for a boarder wall that is a waste of money to keep out illegal immigrants. Like Stacey Abrams said in her speech "America is made stronger with the presences of immigrants not walls." In order for the state of United States to be stabilize President needs to stop thinking about this expensive wall and not shutting down the government.
I believe that both democrats and republicans are dividing the country with pointless ramblings about how the opposing side is wrong and they are right. These divides and hatred for each other will one day boil over and lead to a civil war between both sides because nobody could get along and agree with one another. If both side would stop screaming at each other for a few days and listen we may have a chance at making some progress. I however believe that both sides will keep yelling at each other until they begin to realize that there is no point for any of this, but by then it will be too late and the country will be done for.
Brandon Little
I feel that trump really is a childish president which isn't good for the union.When trump states "economic miracle is taking place...The only thing can stop it are foolish wars and partisan investigations." He was sending sneak diss to the party that's investigating him but hes being shady.
Lucia M
I believe that the State of the United States is not doing very well.The fact that the United States has a president that says,"Economic miracle is taking place... the only thing that can stop it are foolish wars and partisan investigation." this shows he is a immature character.
I believe that the State of the United States is not doing very well.The fact that the United States has a president that says,"Economic miracle is taking place... the only thing that can stop it are foolish wars and partisan investigation." this shows he is a immature character.The government will realize that Trump is the problem of the government.Trump should step down because he has not bring no good to the government.
honestly what trump has been doing is pointless in many ways and the fact that there are people that stand with him is worse. why shut down the government knowing you wont get what you want if anything he is just being a big baby about it. the fact that he shut down the government is a way for him to tell the government that he is having a tantrum and no one else should give into what he wants. the U.S. is in a stable position today and has been until he was elected president but its to late to change that all we can really hope for is that he doesn't get elected for another term. soon enough we will have a say in the election so we will then be a part of this whole situation. all we can do for now is talk and hope things go well but until the day comes that we can finally vote we will just have to hope that president trump does nothing that is worse then what he is trying to do now. i highly doubt that anyone wants to to give Trump 5.7 billion dollars to build a wall that we don't need.
Javier Flores p.5
I think that the United States is in bad shape because the president wants to build a border to keep people from trying live here in the United States for a better life and he’s not focusing on other problems that people are having as in providing for there families and he has never felt what most people go through so he doesn’t know what it feels like to have the government shutdown on you and those pay check you’ve worked for aren’t being given to you so you can’t take care of the people you care for because of the shutdown and he thinks it’s a good idea to do it and not see it as a problem but more like an advantage.
Marvin Robledo (Period 5)
I think the United States is slowly going down until President Trump stops and cancels building a wall and other controversial stuff that he created since Day 1 on office. In his speech, he thinks that he is making this country great by building a wall to stop the bad stuff from happening. The quote states " Economic miracle is taking place... the only thing can stop it are foolish wars and partisan investigation." This quote means that a war can stop him from being president and so as the investigation of him. That is my statement of why is our country slowly going down.
Jacky Rivas
In my opinion, what Trump is saying is that if the government does not fund the wall he will shut down the government. Trump said that he doesn't need to be investigated that the process would have gone smoother. It isn't appropriate to for him to do that because he said that Mexico was going to pay for the wall now he saying that the government has to fund it. If he doesn't get the funds from the government he will shut the government and he will be taking the resources of people away because some people either work for the government and he is taking away the payments from them.
Gerson Garcia
My opinion of the United States is that they just want to protect the citizens and not other s like Migrants. Also Think that Trump is a selfish because he only care about him and dont think on the effects. Trump is just making U.S. worse and is not fixing anything by shutting down a government that helps people. Someone really need to stop him of doing stupid things.
luis sauceda
in my opinion Donald trump trying to get credits from people to build the wall or other wise he will shut down the government.Trump used his stage at the State of the Union to propel himself as the face of the United States. i think Donald Trump is doing wrong in putting things on mexico when they does't agree with the wall. if he don't get the money he will be taking peoples money and shut down the government.
Nicole S. (per:5)
The United States should remove Trump out of the presidency office because he wants to build the wall.He wants to deport the illegal immigrants not giving them the opportunity that they don't have,only because he believes the immigrants are invading the U.S. it is xenophobia.The congress isn't really doing anything to realize that it is really racist and its illegal. Trump is only making this country worse conditions causing the government shutdown and especially homeless illegal immigrants.
Cameron Wafer P.1
In my opinion the United States should remove Trump.I feel this because we are at a point in time where the U.S is going to have another war.The U.S would be a LITTLE better without Trump. If stays in the office for another term its going to be over for the United States and we could be looking at WWIII.
Jocelyn p.5
In my opinion Trump should be removed because if he doesn't then another war will happen. I also think Trump should focus on other things that are important not just worrying about the wall. If hes a president he should start acting like one.
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Home The Oral History Collection of the University of Illinois at Springfield Harold A. Katz Memoir Volume I - Part 2
Katz, Harold A. - Interview and Memoir
Harold A. Katz Memoir Volume I - Part 2
Q: Well now, you came to Chicago in 1942 or 1943 to stay, as it were - it turned out that
you stayed. What was life in Chicago like for you at that time? Where did you live?
A: I lived in a co-op in Chicago. This was another very interesting living experience. We
had an old house, it must have had thirty rooms in it, in Hyde Park. It was run on a basis
in which members had to be admitted into the co-op. In addition to paying some huge sum
of money like twenty-five dollars a month for room and board, we would have to work in
the co-op. Some cooked, some washed dishes, some cleaned up. There were at that time
several housing co-ops in the general area of the University of Chicago. I lived in the Concord
Co-op. It no longer is in existence. But again, it was a living experience for about
a year, living cooperatively with a wide variety of students.
Q: What type of work did you do?
A: I washed dishes.
Q: Oh, did you?
A: Now and then I mowed the lawn. They didn't have enough courage to let me do the
cooking, but sometimes I would bring my girl friend, Ethel Mae Lewison - now my wife
~ to the co-op and she would pitch in and help me with the dishes for about thirty people. I
think that that was a tremendous inducement to marriage, seeing her in this role. In any
event whether she wanted to or not, she did it. She was a good sport about it. We have
been married for over forty years now, and I frequently help with the dishes. She is more
than even!
Q: Now were these mostly students at the University of Chicago?
A: They were mostly students. One of the people there was Carl Christ. I remember Carl
well because he worked in the metallurgy project. All we knew was that he was very secretive
about what he did. We sort of learned that you just didn't ask him what he did. Later
we discovered that he had been working on the Manhattan Project out of which came the
first chain reaction that produced the atomic bomb.
One time during this period I ... was involved with some friends at the Democratic
national convention being held in Chicago. We were supporting Mr. Henry Wallace for
reelection to the vice-presidency. I knew people who were active in the labor movement and
I sort of got into the inner circle of the labor movement at the convention. They wanted
to do something dramatic in terms of staging a demonstration at the convention for Mr.
Wallace. Somebody wanted to get balloons that would float over the stadium with big Wallace
banners. But rubber was a product that was unattainable during that period. So I
spoke to my friend, Carl Christ, and he said, "Well, you know, I wouldn't have any trouble
in getting you a rubber balloon - whatever size you want, just name it." I remember the
fun of having Carl smuggle us out a huge balloon that could hardly fit in an automobile,
and Ethel Mae brought it to the convention in a cab, and we launched it in the Chicago
stadium at a very critical time. It didn't get Mr. Wallace renominated, but it did make Time
Magazine, including a picture of the balloon hanging over the stadium.
Q: Let's see now, that convention would have been 1944, was it?
A: Yes, that would have been the 1944 convention.
Q: You evidently attended that convention then.
A: Yes. I didn't attend as a delegate, and didn't go on the floor during sessions. But I sat
up in the galleries. We had plenty of tickets. There was a rather celebrated episode in
which Mr. Sidney Hillman arranged for labor people to get tickets to the gallery. Mayor
Kelly was presiding, and I will never forget that episode. Every time Mayor Kelly would
say, "We want - ," the whole gallery would come back, "Wallace!" He tried several times
and simply couldn't get past the word, "want." We had the galleries, but Roosevelt wanted
Harry Truman who became the party's candidate for vice-president.
Q: Who was this Sidney Hillman?
A: He was the president of the Amalgamated Clothing Workers' Union, and he was the head
of the CIO [Congress of Industrial Organizations] Political Action Committee. The
Republicans used the phrase, "Clear it with Sidney," to mimic what Roosevelt would allegedly
say; in other words, the idea of "Clear it with Sidney" was that Mr. Roosevelt was the
patsy of Sidney Hillman. Hillman was a very able man. He came out of Chicago, originally
out of the Hart, Schaffner and Marx strike in Chicago with Sam Levin and Frank Rosenblum
in 1910, and went on to become the president of the Amalgamated Clothing Workers'
Union. And then while he lived he was a dominant political voice in the CIO.
Q: Did you get to know him at that time?
A: No, I didn't. I was not in the position of being in with the policymakers. I would sometimes
be present at strategy sessions, but I was quite retiring in those meetings.
Q: Who were some of the leaders in those meetings?
A: The labor leaders in the CIO at the time. But the people that I associated with were
lower-level people. I would not want to tell you that I was at the nerve center of that
convention. I was crushed when our candidate, Mr. Wallace, was not
renominated. Subsequently, I've had some doubts about the wisdom of our position and I've
decided that Roosevelt was right, that Harry Truman was an extraordinarily fine selection
as vice-president and that my friends and I were wrong.
Q: How much of your association with the people that you met at these meetings, organizational
meetings, came from the fact that you were with the National Labor Relations Board?
A: There was no connection. I knew them socially. The people in the labor movement who
were engaged in political action were by and large different from those engaged in processing
claims at the War Labor Board or the NLRB. I just happened to make a good friend, Bob
Levin, and I lived with him a while in an apartment. As a matter of fact, when I got married,
he moved out and my wife moved in. Bob was the one who got me into these meetings
because he was a CIO labor union functionary.
Q: Did you formally join at any time a labor union? Did you belong to one?
A: No, other than the fact that at the War Labor Board, and at the National Labor Relations
Board also, we had little independent unions in our own agencies. They were not associated
or affiliated with any of the national unions. They were relatively ineffectual, but we did
take care of complaints that employees might have with management. I was active and was
president of the union at the War Labor Board.
Q: You mentioned social activity. What type of social activity did you participate in at that
A: Just the usual social life that young people have.
Q: Were there any dances that you attended at that time?
A: Oh yes. I would attend some dances and some parties. Co-ops are not terribly
social. They do folk dancing, rather than ballroom dancing. That was true of the work
camp also. They tend to attract a type of person who is not too fraternity/sororitywdance
oriented. I played tennis. I went to movies, but not the Chez Paree in Chicago, and night*
clubs, and that sort of activity. I was more of a hayseed.
Q: Let's see, the Aragon and the Trianon were going full blast then. Did you get out to
those?
A: Oh, I did occasionally. I did like to dance. It's pleasant to think now about those big
dance halls.
Q: Do you remember any of the big bands that you saw there?
A: I remember Dorsey and Kruppa and Wayne King from that period.
Q: What about the legitimate theater. Did you attend much of that?
A: Yes. I went to a number of plays. Today, the legislature's funding of the arts has prow
duced a real renaissance of the theater in the Chicago area. The semiwprofessional theater
that abounds in Chicago now hardly existed then.
Q: Was there a symphonic orchestra at the University of Chicago?
A: No. There was, of course, the Chicago Symphony. I remember once attending "Lady
in the Dark" at the Civic Opera House, with Gertrude Lawrence and Danny Kaye. I sat
with my date in the very last row in the very top balcony. You need a telescope to be able
to see what's going on down there on the stage. One row back, and I would have been out
in the lobby.
Q: Where did you meet Miss Lewison?
A: She worked at the War Labor Board. We met there, and that's what produced the sparks
that produced the marriage that produced the family.
Q: Was she from Chicago?
A: She was from Chicago. Her father was a fine internist who taught at the University
of Illinois. He had died by this time, however. She lived with her mother. She and her
brother, Edward, an outstanding surgeon who taught at Hopkins and who specializes in
breast cancer in Baltimore, and her mother, Julia, were the only members of her immediate
Q: And so you just got to know each other in the activity there?
A: Yes. I edited the newspaper at the War Labor Board. One day, I got a little note from
someone I didn't know, telling me how much she liked a particular article I had written
for the newspaper. Of course, I was very pleased to have anybody take notice of what was
in the newspaper. That was Ethel Mae who had sent me the note. Soon, she and I got
to be friends, and she attended some of the economics graduate school classes that I attended
at the University of Chicago. She had graduated from the University of Chicago. And on
July 21, 1945, we were married in Chicago.
Q: So it was kind of a whirlwind sort of thing, a year, or a year and a half, or so.
A: Right. I'd known her a good many months. But I did propose marriage to her relatively
soon, uncharacteristically soon for me.
Q: Was she active in supporting Wallace, also?
A: Yes. I remember her saying to him on the convention floor, "Mr. Wallace, you are the
hope of the young people of America." He beamed.
Q: Yes, sir. Well, let's see, where did you go on your honeymoon?
A: We went to Wisconsin. And I flew in my first airplane coming back from our
honeymoon.. It was a Northwest Airline plane. A storm developed, and there was lightning
all around the plane. It was a frightening experience for us. During the war I had traveled
some for the National War Labor Board, but always by train or by auto. People in the
business world and the government world at that time seldom traveled by plane.
SESSION 3, TAPE 6, SIDE 1
Q: How extensive were your travels then for the National Labor Relations
Board? Throughout the Midwest?
A: I traveled frequently in several states of the Midwest. It would not be at all unusual
for me to be out of the city at least once a week. So I learned to travel a good deal, and
it perhaps conditioned me for the milk train to Springfield.
Q: Yes sir. (chuckles) What types of things did you do when you traveled like
that? What were the purposes of the trips?
A: Well, there would be a hearing in another city. For example, I remember once going
to a hearing in Canton, Illinois. The International Harvester Company was in Canton. And
there was to be an official of the agency, called then a trial examiner, who was supposed
to be there to preside at a hearing. The hearing was to begin at ten o'clock. The others
who were to be there waited till ten, ten-thirty. We couldn't understand the trial examiner
not being there. Then we got a telephone call from him, and he was just beside himself. "I
am terribly, terribly embarrassed about this. I made a mistake. I'm in Pekin,
Illinois. Damn it," he said, "I knew it was someplace in China."
Q: (chuckles) Well!
A: Anyway, I would participate in conferences and hearings, conduct elections and make factual
investigations, in different parts of the Midwest. It was an interesting kind of life. In
the course of it I met Irving Friedman who later became my law partner. That has been
one of the most significant events of my life.
Q: Was he working with the National Labor Relations Board?
A: Yes. He was working for the NLRB as senior trial attorney in the Chicago office. But
it occurs to me now, this was subsequent to the time when I was there originally. I had
gone to law school and had become a lawyer and had gone into practice. Irv at that time
was with the Labor Board in Chicago, as I had been with the Labor Board before.
Q: He was younger than you, then.
A: No, but he had started his career in labor law a year or two after I did.
Q: Well, let's see now, you left the co-op and went to an apartment which you shared and
then, when you were married, your wife moved in and replaced the other person. What type
of apartment was it?
A: About as small as an apartment could be, a tiny apartment at 5200 Kenwood Avenue,
in Hyde Park. I always gravitated toward that area. It was in the university area where
I was planning to resume my formal education. I lived in Hyde Park for many years, until
I moved to Glencoe in 1952.
Q: Well now, let's see, with the scholarship and some help from your wife - what type of
work did she take up to keep you in school?
A: She worked for a large mail order house in Chicago. Chicago used to be the national
center of mail order. She would take three streetcars to get to work every day, and the
same number coming back. She worked in a very unexciting kind of job, just to earn money
to enable me to complete my education, as if one could ever complete one's education.
Q: Formal education.
Q: Well let's see then, it would have been about 1946, I guess, that you started in the law
A: Well I started law school in 1945 and was graduated in 1948. I could have graduated
at the end of 1947, but I stayed an extra quarter because I was working on that labor law
case book with Gregory, as I think I mentioned. When I graduated I went to work for a
lawyer for a relatively short period of time, a matter of some months. And then a dramatic
event took place in the American labor movement that affected the course of my life.
About this time Walter Reuther was assembling his forces in the United Auto
Workers. That union had been under the control of leftwing elements for a number of
years. Right after I got out of law school, Walter Reuther was able to win the presidency
of the United Auto Workers' union. When that occurred, there was a change in the regional
directorship of the union in Chicago. The new regional director decided to get a new regional
attorney. He selected a very fine lawyer in Milwaukee named Max Raskin.
While I was in law school Ethel Mae at one point had been working at the industrial relations
center at the University of Chicago. And she was friendly with Ralph Showalter who
had been an officer of a large UAW local in Chicago, Local 6. He had been appointed to
a staff position in Detroit, and was on leave from the UA W to get additional education at
the industrial relations center at the University of Chicago. Ralph got to know me a little
through Ethel Mae. He knew about my labor background, about my writings with Professor
Gregory. And just as a total coincidence Ralph met Max Raskin somewhere and told Max
that he had just the guy who could do Max's work in Chicago, where both the UA W and
the NLRB had their regional offices. One day I got a telephone call from Max Raskin, whom
I had never heard of, and he said he wanted me to come to Milwaukee and see him. The
call came the day my older son was born; I thought of an old aphorism: a first child brings
I went up to Milwaukee. The lawyer that I was working for didn't want me to go
particularly. He said, and I quote those immortal words, "You never get business from
another lawyer." I said I was going to Milwaukee. Max asked me if I would do the UA W's
work in Chicago under his general supervision from Milwaukee. I accepted and went out
on my own. And that's how I started doing work for the UAW. The UA W grew. They
divided the region and Milwaukee became part of a separate region. Max became the regional
attorney of that region. The director in the Chicago region asked me if I would be the
regional attorney here.
And so that little happenstance, my wife knowing Ralph Showalter, significantly affected
the course of my career. Representing the UA W became an entree to representing other labor
clients. As a result, my labor law practice has been my life's principal professional activity
when I was not engaged in political activity.
Q: I'd like to pick up there again. But right now I'd like to go back to the University of
Chicago and Professor Gregory. Now the book that came out was entitled Labor and the
A: No, this was a different book. That was a subsequent book I did with Professor Gregory
in 1979. The book that came out in 1948 was Labor Law: Cases, Materials and
Comments. It was about a 1400·page case book that was used in more than fifty·five law
schools at the time in the teaching of labor law. It was that book that Ralph Showalter
was familiar with and that gave him enough confidence to recommend this student who had
just graduated from law school to the new regional attorney for the handling of labor law
matters i.n Chicago.
Q: Well, did you have a sense that getting involved with writing this book would help you
in your career at that time? Had that thought crossed your mind?
A: Well I wrote the book because I was excited about the opportunity to publish a labor
law book with a distinguished law professor. But it is also the case that I was certainly
aware that in getting started in a profession, the publication of a book would be a great
help. I did view it as a stepping stone to establishing myself as a person with competence
in the labor law field. I have liked to be able to sit down and write. I'm basically the writer
type. I like to write, whether it's a book or an article or a brief or a speech. I always
have done my own speechwriting.
Q: What about publication of articles at that stage? Were you being published prior to leav·
ing the college?
A: No, but I was on the Board of Editors of the Law Review at the University of
Chicago. And I published in the Law Review in the usual way in which student notes
appear. After law school I continued writing articles from time to time, usually for law
Q: While you were in law school with this load of things to do for the two professors, was
there a group that you felt a part of at that time? Or were you kind of separate from the
other part of the law school body?
A: Well, the law schools were very small at that time. The great influx of students into
law had hardly begun. It is undoubtedly the case that most of my spare time was spent
in the office, working with Professor Gregory. I did get to know many of the other students,
but I was not active in any law school organization other than the Law Review. I spent
a lot of time, an enormous number of hours, doing research for and with Professor Gregory.
Q: Did your wife get involved with that or was she kind of left out?
A: No, she was somewhat left out. There was no way that she could do legal
research. Undoubtedly, she didn't have a husband around much of the time. Maybe, in a
sense, that was good training for Springfield. I spent more time than most around the law
school. She was working during the period. And soon we started to have a family.
Q: Now was it Alan that was the first·born?
A: The first·born, yes. He was born the year that I graduated from law school. I had
become what my wife fondly calls a workaholic. I have found it very difficult to do sustained
work and special projects without putting in a lot more than eight hours a day.
Q: Was she generally sympathetic to that, or did that present problems in your early life?
A: I think that she was generally accepting of it. I would not want to use the word
sympathetic. She has seen many movies without me.
'•
Q: What kind of social life did you and your wife find yourself in? Did you play bridge,
A: We did play a little bridge, but that was largely during the period after law school and
before I entered the legislature. Now others did. One of my law school colleagues was Milt
Shadur, now a federal district judge, who was a phenomenal law student, the best of the
whole class. Old Milt would be down there playing bridge day after day. He could do it,
but I couldn't. I did not have the capacity to lead the kind of life that I did, and still be
down there playing bridge.
Q: Well now you had mentioned earlier that you generally felt yourself being on the outside
looking into these groups. Did you have that same sense here at the University of Chicago?
A: Yes. I did not spend my time down in the student lounge playing bridge and drinking
beer with my classmates. I got along with my classmates, and a group of us studied
together when exam time came. But I was not in the mainstream of the social life of the
law school.
Q: What about Professor Gregory's thinking? Were you really in sympathy with him? Or
were there things that you found that you thought he ought to be thinking differently on?
A: We were not writing a political book. In terms of general philosophy in labor law, we
were sympatico. He was a delightful human being. It was a pleasure working with him.
He is not pompous in any way. He doesn't maintain a barrier between professor and
student. He treated me as a friend. To this day we have remained good friends.
Q: Well let's see, your tenure there at the University of Chicago wasn't too long after the
- what was it? - the Walgreen episode. Did you have a sense that there were undesirables
as far as the United States were concerned on the campus?
A: No. I had no sympathy with the Walgreen kind of thinking. The University of Chicago
was a place where free inquiry could take place. The price you pay for free inquiry is that
some people may espouse ideas that you don't agree with. One of the reasons why I was
so fond of the university was precisely because it was that kind of center of free inquiry. I
was angry with the people in Springfield who were looking into the university to try to find
subversives in this place or that place. There is no subversion in the arena of ideas.
Q: Then asking a little bit more about law school, now let's see, you were almost entirely
tied up with your schoolwork and the work for the school, for Dr. Millis and Professor Gregory,
at that time. You had no other work going on.
A: No. I was a full-time student in the law school.
Q: I assume that the type of work you were doing was something like a graduate assistant
or a research associate for these individuals.
A: Yes, that would accurately describe what I was doing.
Q: Did this type of work at that time or this association in any way cause you to think
about a teaching career?
A: Yes, I did think about a teaching career but decided that I would like to practice law. I
have never been sorry I made that choice. I have enjoyed the action, the variety, the independence
of private practice, particularly as it has been coupled with my legislative activities.
PATERNAL GRANDFATHER ISAAC KATZ IN RUSSIA WITH FAMILY ( 1 914). MAURICE
KATZ, THE ELDEST CHILD AND THE FATHER OF HAROLD KATZ, HAD EMIGRATED TO
THE U.S.A. LANDING AT ELLIS ISLAND IN 1 905. IN 1914, MAURICE BROUGHT HIS
HALF~BROTHER, JOSEPH (UPPER RIGHT), TO THE UNITED STATES. KALMAN KATZ,
THE RECENTLY LOCATED HALF·BROTHER, IS ON THE LOWER RIGHT ON HIS
MOTHER'S 'LAP.
"By being away in the [Russian] army [Kalman]
avoided being killed by the Nazis . ... I mean every
cousin, every aunt, everyone was killed by the Nazis,
with the exception of Kalman. This was the
Holocaust."
MAURICE AND EVELYN KATZ AND THEIR CHILDREN: SAM, HELEN [ALBERT], AND
HAROLD (1960).
"He did not encounter anything like he had come from,
the Cossacks riding into the community and terrorizing
the Jews .... This really was a new world for him.
And his parents were proven right. In America he was
accepted in a way that he could never have been in
Russia. And so were his children. "
HAROLD KATZ IN HIGH SCHOOL DURING THE GREAT DEPRESSION (CIRCA 1 935). INSET:
HAROLD ON A PONY IN THE MID~TWENTIES.
"l was very troubled by the unemployment, the
poverty, and the malnutrition that was all over the
place. There is nothing comparable today in our
country. There were no public assistance programs.
People just had to make do."
IN 1 958 AS HAROLD KATZ WAS ABOUT
TO RECEIVE A MASTER'S DEGREE
FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO.
"The University of Chicago was a place
where free inquiry could take place .... I
was angry with the people in Springfield
who were looking into the university to
try to find subversives in this place or
that place. There is no subversion in the
arena of ideas."
PORTRAIT OF ELEANOR ROOSEVELT ( 1 942). INSET: HAROLD
KATZ RETURNS 44 YEARS LATER TO ROOSEVELT SUMMER
HOME IN CAMPOBELLO, NEW BRUNSWICK, CANADA, 1 986.
On Eleanor Roosevelt: "Mrs. Roosevelt sent me a
picture, an autographed picture, that I hung and kept
nearby because I admired her so much."
On FDR: "He was elected president four terms.
Growing up, I never knew a president other than
Roosevelt. "
On Campobello: "At Vanderbilt I was outside of the
mainstream. At Campobello I was in the mainstream.
. . . There was a world with other people who were like
me."
HAROLD KATZ AND HIS WIFE, ETHEL MAE, DURING HIS FIRST RE-ELECTION
CAMPAIGN IN 1966.
"So it's very helpful to have an Ethel Mae. Two heads
are better than one, and two memories are better than
one. When we go into a public place, two of us have
the opportunity to remember who that fellow is across
the room who's walking over toward you. Some
constituents are very good about that while others try
to embarrass you."
,.,
FAMILY PORTRAIT TAKEN NOVEMBER 2, 1986, AT HAROLD'S 65TH BIRTHDAY PARTY.
STANDING (L TOR), ALAN, BARBARA, JULIA, LAURA, AND JOEL. SEATED (L TOR),
PAULINE WITH ELENA, 2, AND ETHAN, 8, HAROLD AND ETHEL MAE.
THE HAROLD KATZ FAMILY SHOWN TWENTY YEARS EARLIER ON THE BACK OF A
"DEAR FRIEND'i CAMPAIGN POSTCARD. FOREGROUND, ETHEL MAE AND HAROLD
KATZ AND JOEL; REAR, JULIA, BARBARA, AND ALAN.
"They were very happy over my election to the
legislature .... Later, if you asked them ... on
balance I would bet that most kids would rather not
have their parents in public life. "
ESTELLE WIRPEL, ADMINISTRATIVE
ASSISTANT TO HAROLD KATZ.
"I did have to provide constituents with
service which I was never very fond of
doing. Estelle Wirpel, who became my
legislative aide later, was a whiz at it."
HAROLD KATZ IS SHOWN ON THE HOUSE FLOOR WITH HIS TWO
YOUNGER CHILDREN, JULIA (L) AND JOEL (R), WHO WERE IN
SPRINGFIELD SERVING AS HONORARY PAGES FOR THAT DAY
DURING THE 1 969 SESSION.
" ... When I first started running for office, my son, Joel, was five
years old. One Sunday afternoon I was at a political picnic, and I was
busily engaged in shaking hands as politicians do, greeting this
constituent and that constituent. And Ethel Mae told how Joel was
calling, 'Daddy, Daddy,' somewhat poignantly, and perhaps a bit
pathetically. And Daddy never turned .... Finally, he reared himself
up to his full height and he shouted, 'Mr. State Representative!' and I
whirled around to him."
HAROLD KATZ VISITS WITH PROFESSOR CHARLES 0.
GREGORY IN NEW HAMPSHIRE IN 1 985.
"The publisher was somewhat aghast. A book by
Gregory, Professor of Law! How could they put, 'and by
HarQld A. Katz, student at the law school'--who was
going to buy a book like that? And so they importuned
me to try to be admitted to the bar before I graduated
from law school .... "
GOVERNOR OTTO KERNER CELEBRATES HIS 55TH BIRTHDAY WITH HIS STAFF AND MRS.
KERNER BY CUTTING A CAKE IN THE GOVERNOR'S OFFICE ON AUGUST 1 5, 1 963. SHOWN
(L TO R) MARY HEFFERNAN; JOHN REIDY; HAROLD KATZ. WHO ASSISTED GOVERNOR
KERNER IN THE REVIEW OF BILLS PASSED BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY IN 1 961 AND 1 963;
DAWN CLARK [NETSCH], THE GOVERNOR'S LEGAL ASSISTANT; MRS. KERNER: GOVERNOR
KERNER; EDNA HOBBIS; MARGARET KOLOM; AND BILL CHAMBERLAIN, THE GOVERNOR'S
ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANT WHO LATER BECAME SECRETARY OF STATE.
"With Walker, who was interested in power, it was
inevitable that there would be that kind of
confrontation. Kerner was not interested in power in
that sense. He did not want to control the Democratic
party, he simply wanted to be Governor of the state ..
HAROLD KATZ AND DOUG FRASER, INTERNATIONAL PRESIDENT OF THE U.A.W., EXCHANGE
GREETINGS AT A LABOR POLITICAL RALLY IN OTTAWA IN 1978. IMMEDIATELY
BEHIND KATZ TO HIS LEFT, ATTORNEY GENERAL WILLIAM SCOTT CAN BE
SEEN IN PROFILE. TO THE RIGHT OF KATZ IS REP. LEWIS A.H. CALDWELL (D.CHICAGO)
AND TO FRASER'S RIGHT IS REP. E.J. "ZEKE" GIORGI (D-ROCKFORD).
"Representing the UA W became an entree to
representing other labor clients. As a result, my labor
law practice has been my life's principal professional
activity when I was not engaged in political activity."
GOVERNOR OTTO KERNER SIGNS AN UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE BILL INTO LAW,
1 961 . STANDING (L TO R), SAMUEL C. BERNSTEIN, COMMISSIONER OF UNEMPLOY·
MENT COMPENSATION; HAROLD KATZ, SPECIAL COUNSEL TO THE DIRECTOR OF
LABOR; REUBEN G. SODERSTROM, PRESIDENT OF THE ILLINOIS STATE AFL-CIO; AND
ROBERT JOHNSTON, DIRECTOR OF LABOR. INSET: GOVERNOR KERNER'S VETO
FORCE IN 1 961 AND 1 963. REAR (L TO R), WILLARD J. LASSER$ (NOW COOK
COUNTY CIRCUIT JUDGE), JAMES B. MORAN (NOW U.S. DISTRICT COURT JUDGE, CHI·
CAGO), AND HARRY GOL TER. FOREGROUND (L TO R), HAROLD KATZ, DAWN CLARK
(NOW SENATOR NETSCH ([D.-CHICAGO]), AND JAMES T. OTIS.
"[W] hen the governor issued a call to his Board of
Unemployment Compensation advisers to ... review
the existing legislation in unemployment compensation,
you can be very sure that somebody had been to talk to
the governor, either Rube Soderstrom or maybe Joe
Meek. The governor was not self-propelled in the
situation .... "
"The experience that I had in the Veto Force did
interest me in trying to make some long-run
improvements in the legislative process, but I had no
other experience that motivated me to say, 'Well I'm
going to Springfield and I'm going to correct that
situation. ' But when I got to Springfield I did try to
correct some situations."
Q; Did you have any experience at teaching? Did you fill in at any time for any of the
instructors?
A: Yes, I used to teach occasional classes for Professor Gregory in the labor law classes that
he gave in the economics department.
Q: Let's see now, you resided at the same place at the apartment all during your school
years. Or did you . . .
A: Yes, I lived near the campus in university housing.
Q: Now let's see, Alan had been born. We mentioned that before. Before you graduated
from law school, had Barbara and Julia and Joel, the other three, been ...
(Narrator looks in notes)
Q: Perhaps that's an unfair question.
A: Barbara, my elder daughter, was born three years after I was graduated from law
school. My daughter, Julia, and my son, Joel, were born in 1955 and 1958, respectively. By
the time I entered the legislature in 1965 I had a full family.
Q: Well, let's see now, you graduated in what year? 1948 would it have been?
A: Yes, 1948. I actually finished my course work at the-end of 1947. But I stayed over some
additional months in order to work with Professor Gregory on the labor law case book that
we've discussed so that my actual graduation took place in March of 1948;
Q: Now you've indicated that by that time you had made up your mind you were going into
practice. Did you have any particular direction in which you were going into practice?
A: Yes, I wanted to go into labor law.
Q: How did you think you would go about doing that? Joining a firm?
A: Yes, to go to work for a law firm to learn the nuts and bolts of the practice of law. It
is the equivalent for a lawyer of a carpenter's apprenticeship, enabling you to learn the practical
as~ts of dealing with clients and counseling clients and learning how the court system
works. It turned out to be much shorter than I anticipated. I had begun with a lawyer and
that relationship lasted, however, only about six months. At that point the UA W and Max
Raskin of Milwaukee whom I mentioned were interested in having me represent the UA W
in the Chicago area. I was very pleased to have the opportunity and decided to go out on
my own. I had a choice either of having some kind of status in which I as a house lawyer
might occupy an office free of charge in the UAW headquarters in Chicago or of establishing
my own office. While the attraction of not having overhead and rent was enormous, I
decided that I did not want to be a house counsel type of lawyer.
And so I began my own law practice sharing space with a few young lawyers. We were
all banded together in very small quarters, trying to keep overhead down, maintaining the
appearance of a successful law firm while still trying to pay the bills, which was difficult
when you first started practice. We had two rooms in our suite, and we would have to share
the office. We might leave court with a client and then we would phone the office and say
"Leave the office free. I'm coming back with a client." I would arrive with my client and
walk self-assuredly into "my" private office. Each of us would do that to maintain the
appearance with clients that we were not destitute, even though, in fact, we were perilously
close to that state at the time.
Those were very exciting days. I look back on them fondly. It was a period that was totally
unlike what the practice of law is today. Now young lawyers are paid large sums of money
to work for law firms. I went to work for a lawyer before I went into my own practice. I
had had experience with the two government agencies in the field of labor, the War Labor
Board and the National Labor Relations Board, had satisfactory academic attainments and
a publication, and I was paid the munificent sum in a labor law firm of seventy-five dollars
a week. When I consider what some law firms pay first- and second-year law students now
for clerking it's absolutely astounding. I have a young friend at the University of Chicago
who, after his first year of law school, was paid more than $600 !!: week by a downtown
Chicago law firm to clerk during the summer.
Q: Times have changed.
A: Times have indeed changed.
Q: Well now where was this first firm? When you first came out and went to work for the
lawyer, where was he located? Was he downtown?
A: He was in downtown Chicago, the Temple Building, 77 West Washington Street.
Q: And where was the suite of two offices that you rotated in and out of?
A: That was at 120 South La Salle Street. It looked a little like a Marx Brothers movie. I
don't know if you remember those wonderful scenes when the Marx brothers would move
all the furniture from one room to the next room. My first venture in private practice was
a little like that.
Q: Were the group all graduates of the University of Chicago Law School?
A: No. They were from a variety of law schools. The common elements that bound us
together were friendship, inexperience, and poverty. And we all wanted to start law practice
with as little financial obligation as possible. Overhead is a terrible thing in the case of
a young professional. You have to work very hard just to pay your expenses. One lawyer
told me that he went a year without having a client walk into his office. Lawyers could not
then advertise. Now, with newer developments in the First Amendment aspects of business
communication, lawyers are permitted to advertise. At that time, however, you had to try
to build up a law practice gradually. It was very difficult to do.
Q: Now you had a little jump here in that the UAW job came along. What did that
entail? What d.id you do for the UAW?
A: I represented them in all kinds of legal proceedings at the National Labor Relations
Board, and in court. I counseled them on all kinds of legal problems that affect labor
unions. And I gradually became the lawyer for a number of members of the UAW who
had individual legal problems. Combining those different elements I was able to build a
law practice that became busy' and profitable. I never had any problem in terms of having
an adequate number of clients. I confess that there has never been a day in my life since
I first hung up a shingle when I did not have adequate legal work to keep me busy that
day. However, I had to work at it, and my fees were minimal.
Q: Well, how did your associates in the group do?
A: They developed good law practices as life went on and time went on. We shared the
office. We did not share the law practice. They had their law practices, and I had my law
practice. We simply shared space and a secretary. I think there must have been five or six
lawyers with one secretary. And she did more than secretarial work of the usual sort. She
answered the telephone and ushered people in and out in between the few desks that we
had. there. Incidentally, one of the lawyers married the wonderful secretary we
wred. And that same lawyer did well enough to contribute recently four and a half million
dollars to the University of Chicago Law School to erect a new library that will bear his
name - the· D'Angelo Law Library! I remember the day when Dino could hardly afford
a law book, much less a law library.
Young lawyers- have to maintain a professional posture with their clients. If my clients had
-not thought I was substantial and established, they might not have been willing to trust
me with their legal problems. They had to have confidence, and so it's necessary for the
young lawyer to have a side of his life that is kept quite apart from what his client knows
about. He has to keep up his appearances. He has to dress appropriately. We had to ha~e
a law office; we had to have our name on the door. The client is never told that you may
have to deposit his check quickly else a check of your own may bounce. But that's the truth
of it. bt the early years of law practice, it really is difficult to make a go of it, if you're
on your own.
Q: But you never had any doubts that you were going to make a go of it in those years?
A: I did not have any doubts. But in the process of reaching security, you have a lot of
travails, particularly in the case of a young lawyer who has chosen to go out on his own
earlier than most others. It requires speedy maturing. There are some anxious moments
when new problems are presented to you which you have never encountered
before. Fortunately, even though I wasn't working for a firm or another lawyer, I did have
my colleagues who shared this little law suite, and what one of us didn't know, another was
apt to know. So we shared our experiences. And if t had a problem in a particular field
of law new to me I would hope that one of the other lawyers would have had a problem
in that particular field already. From a client's point of view, inexperience is a cause for
concern. But every lawyer has to handle a matter for the first time. If you were to insist
that lawyers be experienced before they can handle a matter, it would be like that old law
that said that every automobile approaching an intersection must halt when there is another
car at the intersection and let the other car proceed first.
I had to get my first cases. And I was very lucky. I remember one. It involved a client
who had made a deal to purchase a piece of property. It had been purchased under a con~
tract but when the time came to deliver the property after he had made all of the payments,
1t turned- out that the seller of the property didn't actually own the property. The seller
fn fact ir• going to try to acquire the property from somebody else. The seller refused
to turn dYer the property to my client because he didn't have it, which was his defense.
I presented, the case before Judge Elmer Schnackenberg, who had once been Speaker of the
Illinois house. It was a hard fought case. I won. Judge Schnackenberg did not accept the
_defense that my client should not be able to acquire the title because the person he made
the _contract with didn't have the title, and he ordered the seller who had signed the contract
with my client to go out and secure the funds to acquire the title in order to perform.
The judge ordered "specific performance," as it is called, of the contract. The defendant
was ordered to perform the contract he had entered - to acquire the title and then to convey
the property to my client.
Now, the client in that case was the president of a local union. He was quite overjoyed
at the re.sults, and thereafter he referred many legal matters to me from among the members
of his loeal union and occasional work for the union itself. I built up my private law practice
from such recommendations. Step by step I was able to build a quite adequate legal
practice. And it was not very long until I was able to, and in fact had to, hire additional
lawyers to take care of the legal work that I was bringing into the law firm.
Q: These were other lawyers than those that you were associated with?
A: Yes. After a few years I was able to leave that ... little suite at 120 South La Salle
Street and acquire an office of my own. An office, secretary, overhead, the whole catastrophe,
as they say. And from that point on I was on my own except for one very brief
period of one year when I tried a partnership and left that. Then I entered a fruitful association
with Irving Friedman on October 6, 1953, which became a permanent association that
has lasted many years, and enabled me to discharge the duties of the legislature without
neglecting private clients. Irv, Jerry Schur, Warren Eagle and others in the firm made it
possible for me to serve in the legislature for eighteen years, along with my constituents
who elected me. Citizen legislators depend upon their colleagues to cover for them when
they are away.
Q: When you moved from the two-room suite did you move here to 7 South Dearborn?
A: No. I moved to 11 South La Salle. And I had space there for some time, though I have
been here at 7 South Dearborn for many years. I suspect that we are probably their longesttenured
tenant here. I have a habit of staying put. When I went to Springfield I moved
into the State House Inn. And I still stay at the State House Inn when I am in Springfield,
probably their longest-tenured guest. When I came to 7 South Dearborn, at some point I
moved into the suite that Joe Meek occupied when he was running for the United States
Q: You knew Joe Meek then for a long time?
A: Oh, yes. I knew him of course in Springfield and thought a lot of him. He was always
honorable. Anything he ever told me was true, which is the ultimate test of my regard
for a lobbyist.
(taping stopped for discussion of outline, then resumed)
Q: Sir, actually then, your law practice when you started out was not just labor law. You
were involved in a general law practice.
A: Absolutely. I have practiced in the traditional mold of the general practitioner, but with
a specialty of labor law. The field of labor law is a very complex field. It is a rapidly changing
field. It requires a considerable application of one's time to becoming expert in the particular
problems that labor unions encounter.
Q: So you were involved with other labor clients than the UAW as time went on, I guess?
A: As time went on we acquired a variety of labor union clients. But the UAW was a very
substantial underpinning that enabled me to get started. They were there when I needed
Q: What types of things came up in those early days with the UAW? Do you recall any
of the cases that would exemplify how you were supporting them?
A: The UA W had just emerged from a period in which they had thrown out a leadership
that the Reuther group felt were either Communists, or soft on Communists. A good deal
of legal work arose as the UA W and the CIO, side by side, fought the battle to rid the American
labor movement of Communist or fellow-traveller leadership. We had a lot of legal
work where the UA W would seek to take over representation of employees in this plant or
that plant to try to supplant unions that it felt were under Communist domination.
Q: What would a suit be like?
' !
A: Well, in order to supplant a union, you would have to file a petition with the Labor Board
and have hearings to persuade the Labor Board to conduct an election. Under American
labor law, it is then left to the workers to decide which union they want. Similarly, we
were involved in fights in the Chicago area involving unions that were corrupt. Our clients
were. trying to supplant corrupt unions. We were involved in litigation in the South, involving
problems growing out of racial discrimination. The White Citizens movement in Memphis;
Tennessee, tried to supplant the UA W at the International Harvester plant there
because the UAW would not go along with the segregationist program and practices of the
White Citizens League. We got involved in extensive litigation growing out of that or
involving either discrimination against blacks or women.
And then there were all sorts of damage suits that were brought against a union that might
grow out of an alleged breach of contract, or alleged disturbances on a picket line, in which
the employer would seek to enjoin the union from picketing, or a member might sue the
union for failing to represent him or her properly. We got involved in the whole field of
wages and hours, in which we might sue an employer who was not paying minimum wages
under the Fair Labor Standards Act. We sued to enforce health and safety standards. We
became involved in unemployment compensation and worker compensation problems that
affected members of the labor unions. And I became involved in the legislative process that
affected the rights of working people. I was the principal labor spokesman on the Board
of Unemployment Compensation advisors that negotiated changes with the employer and
public representatives in regard to unemployment compensation laws. At that time the
legislature simply enacted into law whatever this advisory group agreed upon. I tried to
effect changes that would help working people. I was also involved in the worker compensation
advisory group that negotiated with employers proposed changes in the worker
compensation act.
Q: Was that a legislative structure or another organization?
A: It was not formally established by an act of the legislature as the Board of Unemployment
Compensation Advisors was, but the outcome was exactly the same. Whenever this
advisory group in worker compensation, consisting of employer and union claimant representatives,
agreed on a change in the law, the General Assembly would automatically enact
it into law. That went on for many years. The practice changed later when I was in the
legislature. When I went into the legislature, I severed all activities with the advisory
boards.
Q: I noticed you were formerly on that Advisory Board on Unemployment Compensation
from 1961 to 1965. Was that a governor's appointment to that?
Q: That would have been Governor Kerner, I guess, at that time?
A: Correct. A client, Bob Johnston, the regional director of the Auto Workers, had been
named by Governor Kerner as his director of labor. I got to know Governor Kerner in that
Q: I understand at this same time you became a special advisor to both the governor and
to Bob Johnston.
A: The governor asked me if I would help on what was popularly termed the Veto
Force. The legislature in those days would pass almost all of its bills at the very end of
the legislative session every two years. The governor would have to review all of those bills
and decide whether to sign or veto them. Governor Kerner asked me if I would be part
of this small group of lawyers who would assist him by reviewing all of the legislation that
was passed. At this time Dawn Clark, now Senator Netsch, an enormously bright woman,
was the governor's legal assistant. He asked me if I would assist in the process for a limited
period. So I worked with Dawn and with a few other lawyers after the 1961 session, and
again after the 1963 session of the General Assembly reviewing the myriad of bills that the
General Assembly passed during those sessions. Our job was to review each bill, to learn
as much as we could about the bill, and to prepare a memo for the governor recommending
whatever action we thought appropriate. And if the action we recommended was a veto,
to prepare the draft of the veto for the governor to sign. That's what I did in the summers
of 1961 and 1963.
Q: Were you paid by the state for this service?
A: I was paid by the state as a contractual employee. It was a modest sum, not enough
to make it attractive to a lawyer, or even to pay his overhead. But I was very interested
in the work, and wanted to do it.
Q: We skipped to 1961 in regard to political relations. During the 1950's, what type of political
activity did you become involved in?
A: I became involved in the Democratic party in my local area, which was New Trier
Township. We moved to Glencoe in 1952. And Ethel Mae and I became active in the Democratic
party in our area. We had, and have, a very genteel Democratic party. It is one of
the few political parties around that does not run on patronage. It's a totally different kind
of Democratic party than you have in the city of Chicago. Ethel Mae was the precinct captain,
and I would help her try to get our neighbors to vote Democratic. Our committeeman
was Herb Paschen, who was later nominated for the governorship.
Q: Except for the "flower fund," might . . .
A: Yes, that's right, only to resign the nomination due to, I would have to say, the tyranny
of the press. I'm a great believer in the press, but sometimes they can lose their
perspective. They can hound a man out of his position. I think that that was true of Herb
Paschen. What he had done was no different from what scores and scores of politicians
have done, and still do - collect "dues" from patronage employees to make necessary political
expenditures. I thought then, and still think, he was a very honorable person. I was
sorry that he stepped down. His replacement lost.
Q: Was he instrumental in any way in your becoming active in the New Trier Democratic
organization when you did?
A: You've got to understand that all you have to do to be active in the Democratic party
in New Trier Township is just ask. They are desperately looking for people. It isn't ~s
if you have to have influence to get a position. They are anxious to have people who will
work. We were volunteers. There was nothing that would come out of it, other than a sense
of satisfaction and the fun of doing it. People like that usually don't last too long. We
had a lot of turnover in our Democratic organization. But Ethel Mae and I stayed around
and worked.
Q: Well now had you been active before you moved to New Trier?
A: No, I was not active in politics in the city. Neither of us was ever a precinct captain
or anything like that. Nor were we ever active in the Fifth Ward Democratic organization
in the Hyde Park area. On occasion we might join in a temporary burst of activity for
the lVI [Independent Voters of Illinois].
Q: Now you moved to New Trier. Do you recall why it was you decided to become politically·
active? Was there an opening or what ...
A: There was an opening in our precinct. Ethel Mae agreed to be the captain. I agreed
to help her. So I did. By and large we were active only right before the election, maybe
from Labor Day to the election. We didn't engage in year~round political activity as a pre~
cinct captain at that time in New Trier Township.
Q: When you moved to New Trier how did you come to join the Democratic party as opposed
to the Republican party? Was there any thought to perhaps the Republican party?
A: Th~re was never any inclination on my part to go into the Republican party. I felt the
Democratic party was the party of the intellectual, the working man, the progressive. I was
very taken with the leadership of the Democratic party. I was a Roosevelt enthu'siast. It
never occurred to me that I would ever be a Republican, or that I would ever have any inter~
est in becoming one. And it still hasn't.
Q: Let's drop back a little bit now. When you were in law school, that would have been
in the Kelly er• here in Chicago, Mayor Kelly.
J\: Right.
Q: Did you in any way support the Kelly regime during that time?
A: No. I think I have already alluded to the episode in which I was in the galleries doing
whatever I could to interfere with what Mayor Kelly was trying to do at the convention. I
was always anti~organization.
Q: How about Kennelly when he came along? He was supposed to be kind of a reformer
- at least in the thoughts of some . . .
A: Well, he never impressed me very much either, but, in general, I was not active in Chicago
politics. I read about it and I followed it. But I had no direct involvement other than as
a voter and as a person who talked to his friends about the political process.
Q: How "bout Paul Douglas? When did you first meet him?
A: I first met Paul Douglas when he was on the campaign trail. I would see him in different
political ·settings. I would campaign with him from time to time. But that came
later. During the early years, I really did not know Paul Douglas as a professor. Even
though he taught labor economics, he was not on the faculty when I was taking courses at
the university. I was an enormous admirer of Paul Douglas, but our paths did not cross.
Q: How about Robert Merriam? He ran against Daley, I guess, for the mayorship, and came
from the University of Chicago. Did you know him?
A: I knew him only casually, only to say hello, and to exchange pleasantries. I studied his
father's book in political science. I really had no close involvement when I was at the uni~
versity with the public officials who were then running Chicago or seeking to run Chicago.
Q: What was your feeling when Mayor Daley came along? Were you supportive of his move
for the mayorship?
A: Yes. I thought that he was a very able man, and I hoped that he might carry on some
of the great tradition of Jake Arvey in slating people like Adlai Stevenson and Paul Douglas
for high .office in the state.
Q: Had you had occasion to meet Stevenson in any way in the 1950's?
A: I remember once hearing Stevenson when he introduced Governor Harriman at a meeting
in Chicago. Stevenson was then the head of the Chicago Council on Foreign Relations,
which held a big meeting for Harriman. Mr. Harriman. was interested in being a candidate
for the presidency of the United States. The introducer of the presidential candidate stole
the show. This was before Adlai Stevenson was a candidate. He so eclipsed Governor Harriman
that it was extraordinary.
Q: It wasn't intentional, I guess.
A: No, I don't think it was. I think that he was a man of such charm that the whole audience
was taken with him. I never lost my admiration for Adlai Stevenson from that point
Q: So you weren't involved in any way in getting out and pounding the streets for Stevenson
or any of the individuals during the 1950's?
A: Ethel Mae was proud of the fact that our precinct ~ Precinct Two of New Trier Township
~ was the first precinct in New Trier Township ever to carry for a Democratic presidential
candidate. But our efforts in Precinct Two were carried on in a relaxed fashion.
Q: By relaxed, do you mean the intensity of the ca1:9-paign?
A: Yes, most of the work was done in the month before the election. On election day the
precinct captain in fact had polling sheets that enabled her to know how the people in Precinct
Two were going to vote on Election Day. In general, the women in New Trier ran
the precinct organization; the men were basically downtown working. The Democratic organization
was growing, and there was a good deal of excitement and hard work being
done. Suburban voters can't be controlled in the way that you may control city voters. They
tend to follow their own inclinations and proclivities. But the women rang doorbells, made
phone calls, and followed up the friendly "plus" voters on election day to make sure they
voted.
A: The other interesting fact about suburban politics in those days was that it was so heavily
Republican. The electorate was overwhelmingly Republican. I remember a story told to
me by a Democrat from Chicago who moved to Northbrook in the early 1950's. He went
into the polling place in Northfield Township to vote on election day, and he wanted a primary
ballot. This was back when they had paper ballots. And he was automatically
handed a Republican ballot. He timidly inquired of the polling official if he might have a
Democratic ballot. Well, the polling official was absolutely indignant. They argued a few
minutes, and finally the polling official reluctantly agreed. Against her wishes, she opened
the package of Democratic ballots and handed him a ballot. In those days it was the practice
in that precinct not to even open the package of Democratic Party ballots that was delivered
from downtown!
Q: Do you recall any particular activity in support of Jeanne Hurley?
A: We pushed Jeanne Hurley in every way that we could. We had a coffee for Jeanne to
support her. She was an ideal kind of candidate - a Democratic Frances Dawson, you might
say.
Q: I see.
A: And only due to the - may it rest in peace - multi-member cumulative voting system
were we able to have both of those fine women in the house at the same time.
Q: You didn't do anything to support Frances Dawson, I guess.
A: Frances and I were on opposite sides of the political fence. I admired her as a legislator.
Q: Did you have occasion to discuss issues with these individuals, like Jeanne Hurley?
A: I talked to Jeanne about issues. But you have to understand that Jeanne and Paul Simon
and I - you know, people like that - came out of the same general political mold, and
we shared the same point of view generally.
Q: Well, she wouldn't necessarily be expected to be expert in the field of labor
relations. Now for example I believe it was jn 1961 the question came up as to the extension
on unemployment compensation. I believe they extended it to thirty-five weeks. bn something
like that, did she come to you for advice on what to do?
A: Due to the agreed-bill process all legislators of both parties supported whatever the
governor's advisory committee recommended. There was no critical evaluation of the package
of legislation that came out of the governor's committee. Indeed, there was an understanding
between management and labor in Illinois, which included all of the employer associations
and all of the labor organizations, that not only would they support the full package
of legislation that emerged from the advisory committee, but they would also agree to do
everything they could politically to kill any other legislation introduced in that field. So
there was no lobbying that needed to be done for any legislator's support during that period
on unemployment compensation or on worker compensation.
Q: So in effect you really started as a legislator in 1961 then, I guess, in some sense?
A: In that sense, yes. I did get involved in the political process earlier. I occasionally testified
before committees in Springfield on labor matters, and even addressed the house sitting
as a whole on one or two occasions, when they were considering other kinds of labor legislation
on which there was not an agreed bill. There's no doubt about the fact that during
my period on the Board of Unemployment Compensation Advisors and as a member of the
worker compensation advisory group I was engaged indirectly in the process of enacting
Q: Where were most of the meetings of those organizations held? in Springfield or here in
A: The first meeting would usually be held in Springfield. In those days worker compensation
legislation would go to the Judiciary Committee or the Labor Committee - it was
wherever Rube Soderstrom wanted it to go. Rube was the beloved president of the State
AFL [American Federation of Labor] in Illinois for years and years. He was a Republican
who had himself once served in the house. He had a lot of influence in the General
Assembly. In those years the Judiciary Committee usually was assigned worker compensation
bills. The chairman would speak, extend greetings, advise us of the importance of our
work, urge us to be diligent, and to come back with a package of bills that would be fair
both to the working people of the state and to the management and industry of the
state. Sometimes there might be a speech or two more. Rube might make a speech.
And then we would hold a series of meetings in Chicago. Each side would come in with
. a long list of proposals. The field was technical, and you had to know the technical aspects
of the operation. We would carefully consider as a group all of the proposals, including
proposals for increases in rate structure to take account of inflation, and it would be like
a collective bargaining session. And finally, out of it all we would come up with a total
package that both sides would support, and the legislature would enact it.
Now, in unemployment compensation, we would hold similar meetings. Here, however, there
were public members, and sometimes they might come in with a proposal for us to
consider. But the result would be the same, that we would try to reach agreement on a
package and ordinarily we did. As years went by, the labor people in the state felt that
the benefits that the employers were willing to give to the injured and to the unemployed
were not adequate, and the process broke down. But I was involved in it while it was in
its heyday. The process viewed in one way made a lot of sense, even though, viewed philosophically,
it derogated the exclusive right of the General Assembly to consider and pass
Q: Were there members of the legislature that followed closely what you were doing during
your deliberations?
A: No. We would occasionally summon a member of the legislature, chairman of the
committee or someone, if the parties weren't able to agree. And that legislator would, to
some extent, operate as a conciliator and try to get us back to the bargaining table. But
to tell the truth nobody in the General Assembly followed either of those fields very closely,
or followed the work of the advisory groups very closely. As long as industry and labor
agreed, the General Assembly was perfectly willing to enact the agreement into law, perfectly
willing not to consider or pass into law any other bill in that field; and the governor
of the state was perfectly happy to sign into law the bills that had been agreed upon between
labor and management.
Q: How about Bob McCarthy? I understand he was interested in that type of legislation.
A: Well, Bob was interested in the legislation as a member of the senate. But he was not
part of the agreed-bill process. He did excellent work in his role as a legislator in the
worker compensation field, but that was as a legislator, not through any involvement in the
agreed-bill process, as I recall. His legislation marked the death knell of the agreed-bill
process in Illinois.
Q: Were there any occasions where the agreed-bill kind of hung up and you had to go before
the committees in order to un-hang it, as it were?
A: Yes. There were occasions when we did that. But they were few and far
between. Once the labor forces were dissatisfied over lack of agreement and they tried to
push some legislation independent of the agreed-bill process. They were able to get a bill
past the house, but it went to its burial in the senate. In fact, a stalemate existed in the
General Assembly and unless agreement could be reached, there would be no changes in the
unemployment or worker compensation system for that biennium. In a similar situation,
Will Rogers once reported, "Good news from Washington tonight, folks. The Congress is
deadlocked and cannot act."
Q: Now the stalemate was caused by the Democratic control in the house, and the senate
being controlled by the Republicans, is that right?
A: Well, that's one stalemate, but the other stalemate was where the labor forces and the
employer forces on the advisory committees could not agree. And if there was a stalemate
there, nothing was accomplished.
The legislators liked the system. It had two great advantages for them. It did not expect
them to acquire expertise in the niceties of this complex kind of legislation. Second, it
enabled them to satisfy both the employers and the unions and the working people in their
own districts. The legislator could appear before an employer group and honestly say, "I supported
your unemployment compensation and your worker compensation legislation." And
that was true. And he or she could appear before the unions and say, "I was right there
with you. I supported your worker compensation and your unemployment compensation legislation
that got you a 12 percent increase in benefits this year." From that point of view
it was an ideal situation.
'l
Q: Well, why, I wonder, did it continue as a governor's advisory board, and not as a commission
for the legislature? Was it felt that the governor had more of an interest in
it. (chuckles)
A: Both agencies are administered by officials appointed by the governor. At that time the
Industrial Commission was actually part of the Illinois Department of Labor. It has since
become independent. The division of unemployment compensation was part of the executive
braneh. The governor was there twelve months a year, twenty-four months during the
biennium. The legislature was not there much of the time. And so it was really not surprising
that the governor took the leadership.
Much of our work necessarily had to be done before the legislature went in session. What
we were trying to do was to come up with a package of bills that the legislature could
enact. So we tried to do our work before the legislature came in, even though, in the real
world, it usually didn't work out that way. With the incentive of the legislature being in
session and the threat that they might adjourn without legislation, unless you got off your
duff and came to some agreement, an accord would ordinarily be achieved in time to be
enacted into law. The governor played the leadership role.
However, you mustn't underestimate the relationship between the leaders of organized labor
and the leaders of the employer associations. They knew each other very well. They dealt
with each other at a very close range. They had a common problem. And they assumed
a lot of leadership. But sometimes it worked through the public official. In other words,
when the governor issued a call to his Board of Unemployment Compensation Advisors to
view and review the existing legislation in unemployment compensation, you can be very sure
that somebody had been to talk to the governor, either Rube Soderstrom or maybe Joe
Meek. The governor was not self-propelled in the situation. Similarly, in worker compensation,
when we went to Springfield to sit with the chairman of the Judiciary Committee,
yqu can be very sure that Rube Soderstrom had been visiting with the chairman of the
Judiciary Committee, and that the chairman of the committee was issuing his call because
he h~ been requested to do so by Rube. The employers were happy that it was done that
way. Obviously they liked the process or they wouldn't have participated. But there was
a certain existing ritual. Ritual is terribly important in our society. The ritual of the occasional
involvement of the governor, or of a leader of the legislature, was important to the
agreed-bill process.
Q: Well, it does seem taking it out of, the field of the legislature and placing it in the
governor's hands is placing it in a small group of people that have been formed for this
A: Well, that's absolutely true. I indicated before that sitting where I now sit I have some
philosophical doubts about the wisdom of the process. And even, when I became a member
of the legislature I had some philosophical doubts about the process, and was glad to see
it eliminated. On the other hand, you must give the devil its due. These were not trivial
groups. The employer associations in fact spoke for a huge number of employers and interests
allied with employers in the state of Illinois who bore the costs. And the labor groups
spoke for a very large number of Illinois workers who were exposed to injury and to unemployment.
They gave it their good faith effort. While it lasted, the system worked well. We
should be cautious about evaluating institutional arrangements from the perspective of a
different generation or a different time. One can't fairly depreciate Abraham Lincoln as
a human being by finding out that Lincoln may have practiced racial discrimination in an
aspect of his life. You have to evaluate Lincoln by what was going on, and the conditioning
he had at the time he lived. In the period of the 1940's and the 1950's the agreed-bill process
resulted in a large number of improvements in the unemployment compensation and worker
compensation systems, from which millions and millions of working people in Illinois benefited,
and which were fair to employers.
Q: I guess this really in effect wouldn't be so much different from the Chicago Bar Association
and the Illinois Bar Association getting together and working out the judicial reforms
that were felt to be needed at that time.
A: Yes, that analogy is a very good one. However, when the bar associations get together
and come in with, let's say, a new judicial article, there is a full opportunity for debate and
consideration of the proposed amendment when it comes to the legislature. And that is
where the agreed-bill process system is faulty. In other words, once the agreed bill reached
the legislature, that was the end of it. It was rubber-stamped. Any legislator who had
a different idea on the subject could not even get his bill considered, whereas, in the comparable
field you were talking about, another legislator could in fact propose a different judicial
article if he wanted to. He wasn't likely to get it passed against the overwhelming strength
of the different groups that are involved in that kind of reformist project. But he could
at least have it considered.
Q: Where was the decision made as to whether it was going to be an agreed bill? Was that
in committee that . . .
A: It was a decision unanimously reached among the representatives of the various participating
interest groups. I cannot tell you when the process began. It had been going on
for many, many years when I arrived on the scene. It was the accepted practice. It was
the thing to do. And I indicated earlier that from the point of view of the legislators it
had some very attractive features .
. Q: Come to think of it, John Fribley was involved with it back in about 1938 or 1939.
A: It had been going on a long time. And I will tell you, during the greater part of that
period in which it was going on, the Illinois senate was under the absolute control of the
Republican party. It was only with the one man, one vote concept and the redistricting that
that body ever had some influx of Democrats. Therefore, if not for the agreed-bill process,
there would have been no improvement in the unemployment compensation system or the
worker compensation system because the employers would have turned their thumbs down
and the senate would have rejected the bill.
Q: You were living down around the University of Chicago. And then you moved out to
Glencoe. Why did you make such a long move?
A: My wife and I were attracted to Glencoe because of a development of contemporary
houses designed by an architect we admired, George Fred Keck. When we learned about
these houses that were constructed on a project-kind of basis and were available for much
less than would have been the cost for a custom house, we decided to move into Glencoe. We
were attracted by the wooded nature of the area, and by the fact that the homes were
modern and solar-oriented, long before this kind of architecture became popular in the
United States. We liked the fact that it was a one-story house. We also liked the location
near excellent transportation, the Chicago and Northwestern, Eden's Expressway, and the
fact that the development was within easy walking distance of a nearby school. The Glencoe
schools were good and the community had a casual quality that appealed to us. Those were
the factors that caused us to leave Hyde Park for Glencoe.
Q: Do you feel any regret at leaving the Hyde Park area?
A: Well I would not wan~ to say that I don't have any regret. I think the Hyde Park area
is, next to Glencoe, and possibly Evanston, about the nicest living place that I have known
around Chicago. But we were glad that we made the move; we have never regretted it.
Q: Let's see, did you have children when you made that move, or was that to come yet?
A: We had two children, a son who was four, and a daughter who was two. It was January
of 1953 when we made the move. Two other children were born in Glencoe and we continue
to live in the same house we bought in the latter part of 1952.
Q: Did you find the school system there to be what you had expected for the children?
A: We found it to be a very excellent school system. The Glencoe schools were a part of
the "Lighthouse Schools" tradition of the North Shore.
Q: What's the significance of the term "lighthouse?"
A: It implies that the schools in the North Shore area stood out above the schools in the
rest of the state, and that you could look from afar and see the Glencoe schools and the
North Shore schools. This isn't a term of my making. It is a term that I have heard many
times in describing the school systems of the North Shore.
Q: How much involvement did you get in the PTA [Parent-Teacher Association] sort of thing
with the school there?
A: My wife and I were active in the PTA. Neither of us was ever an official of the PTA,
although from time to time we would undertake some assignments. There was really no
great activity on the part of the PTA that was in any way critical of the operating officials,
the superintendent, and the staff of the schools. The PTA worked as an adjunct of the educational
establishment, if you would want to call it that. And we participated in trying to
help the schools in whatever way that we could.
Q: Do you recall any issues that came up in the school system there at that time?
A: No, the only issue that arose in the community was the question of the construction of
additional schools. When you have a lot of young parents in a community, class size inevitably
starts to rise. The community faces the choice of whether to let the class size increase
or whether to build new schools. The community responded by building new schools. There
was no significant movement among the parents, or, indeed, the community to view the problem
in its longer term perspective. For example, we have since closed two of the four
elementary schools in our community, schools that we built at considerable cost.
Q: Was there ~y anticipation at that time that that might be the case?
h tsoe. · spite of the;'fact that it was a community where people made long-
A' None w a ver, m · . d N 11 · · d · · in conn~tion with their busmesses an careers. o one rea Y
t~rm planmng ecislOn~ects of school construction. Or perhaps, put another way, I think
viewed the lonr~-t::m ~nterested in sacrificing, if I might use that word, the qu~lity ?f our
none of us we . ry 1 r tin si nificant increases in class size. At that time It was
children's edu~~t:o;h bf t~~ eq~alit~ of education was determined to a major extent by c!ass
t?e gener~l be hie a f the studies that have been done since have raised some serious
size 1 thmk t at some o . h f
que~tions about that conclusion, but it was not questioned at t at Ime.
. . l d 'Ith the development of these additional schools in regard to plan-
Q· n1d you get mvo ve w
ning committees or anything of that nature?
f Ed c tion and I never was a candidate for any
A: No. That was done by the B?ard o duo~ edu'cation in the community. I was at o~e
of the positions on any of the varwus .boa: s religious congregation, but not in the pubhc
point a member of the board. o.f educatwn m/ur were members of did not have any kind
school system. And the rehgwus congrega wn we
of secular school.
Q: Did the religious people in that area, or the religious population, have anything to do
with your moving to that area?
A: I was attracted by the heterogeneous nature of the community. The religious preferences
in the community were about equally divided, about one-third Protestant, one-third Catholic
and one-third Jewish. That was an attractive feature, and, indeed, has remained an attractive
feature of the community.
Q: In your earlier life you had said you lived outside of a Jewish community and had to
commute to the Jewish community. So you didn't have this type of thing there, but did
that have any impact on your selection up there?
A: I think that it probably did. I've not really thought about that question that you
raised. I think that I did prefer to live in a community where there were a significant
number of people who shared my religion. I'm sure that it played a part in making me
want to live in that community, even though that was not a reason for leaving Hyde
Park. Hyde Park, like Glencoe, had a diverse constituency.
Q: Why do you think it strengthened the community to have this diversity?
A: Well, I think that it's very much like a symphony orchestra. I believe that having differences
adds to the quality of life. I do understand the long tradition of ghettos both in the
Jewish community in Europe and in the racial ghettos of the United States. But I believe
that it adds to the richness of life in the community to have different instruments playing,
different groups participating. It's a qualitative judgmental decision that I can't support
on any statistical basis. But having lived in different kinds of communities, I feel instinctively
that it's a sound conclusion.
Q: What was the economic level of the people who lived there?
A: Glencoe was a well-to-do community in relation to other suburban communities. Its average
income was very high, but not quite as high as Winnetka, the community immediately
to the south of us. There is no question but that all of the studies about the demographics
of the area show Glencoe to have a significantly higher average income than most of the
suburban communities.
Q: What was the economic makeup of Glencoe? Were there any factories around?
A: No. Incidentally, that was one of the ~roblems that developed with regard to financin
the school systems. There were no factones. It was one of the fe b h · · g
th t h d · 'fi 1 · w su ur an commumbes a a a sigm cant y-sized black community. It was an established bl k ·
dated ba~k a long time. There has been no racial tension in Glencoe. T~~ b~~:mumty t~at
~t that time ~ended to be concentrated into one area. Subsequently a black fa~~rmumty
mto my area In Glencoe, and this never caused the slightest ripple 'w h d Y r_noved
neighborhood to introduce them around 1 got a certain · e a a party m the
h th h d d . · wry amusement some years lat r
w en ey a one so well economically that they moved to a afH e
more uent area of Glencoe.
Q: What was the general economic level of these blacks in that a ? rea.
A: It varied. Years ago they were economicall f 1
com~unity. As time went on, and blacks moved in~o ar ess affluent. ~han. the white
mumty, became professionals and business e 1 ... enhanced posttiOns In the comeconomic
level of the community. There is ~o oxo~b:ot~e bl~cks .tended to reflect the higher
to-do as the white community. But they If at ~Istoncally they were not as wellpart
of the community. . - were a se -sustamed, economically adequate, solid
Q:. J?o yo~ think that level, not being at the welf
abihty to mtegrate in that community? are level, had something to do with the ........ __________ __
A: Yes, I believe that it helped. But it was also helped by the fact that blacks started to
be better educated. Blacks attended the same schools as whites in Glencoe. They attended
New Trier High School. Blacks tended to have better educations than blacks in other areas
were able to achieve. There is no discernible racial hostility in Glencoe, and it is quite unlike
the situation that exists in some other areas of the state.
Q: Were most of the people in Glencoe then commuters to elsewhere?
A: Yes, we were, and still are, a bedroom suburb. Most of us commute by the Northwestern
Q: So you've done that for quite a number of years then, since 1952?
A: I have commuted to Chicago for many years. Of course, I also commuted to Springfield
for many years, when we were in session, every week though, rather than every day.
Q: Do you ever get tired of commuting?
A: No. I enjoyed it, both to Springfield and to Chicago. In the early days, when I was
in the legislature, we used to go down by train. There was a whole mystique that came with
travel by train. Unfortunately that has tended to disappear from the American scene. Like
everyone else, I moved to airplanes as a method of traveling to and from Springfield.
Q: How far is Glencoe from O'Hare?
A: It takes about thirty minutes to drive or to get a limousine from my house to O'Hare.
Q: What about the family life in Glencoe? Was it an enjoyable sort of place to live?
A: Oh, very. It was an excellent place to live. There was lots of activity. The schools
would have father-son or father-daughter occasions. The fathers would play touch football
in the street with their children in those days. The fathers were young and vigorous for
the most part, and we had great athletic contests with each other and against our sons. In
those days the women's revolution was scarcely heard. As a matter of fact, an episode
occurred that I will never forget. My father was in the insurance business, as I mentioned
to you. When the children were very young, he insisted on selling me educational insurance
policies. Now, I had two sons and two daughters. And my father insisted that I should
buy the educational insurance policies for my sons. It never occurred to him or to me or
even to Ethel Mae that there was anything untoward about buying educational insurance
policies only for your sons. As my father explained to me, the boys would have to be supporting
wives and families, and if anything should happen to me, it was very important that
they complete their education.
So I bought the educational insurance policies from his company, the Metropolitan, and they
sat in the safety-deposit vault for many years. Time passed; it came time to cash them
in. One night at the dinner table I mentioned that the first one of these policies was now
due. The children started questioning me about it, and the girls discovered that I had taken
out educational insurance policies on the boys, but not on the girls. I'm not sure who was
more furious with me. Perhaps the boys were more furious than the girls. But I will never
forget the absolute fury with which this discovery was greeted by my children.
For me, it was an indication of the way the times changt:. When I bought those policies
I had not intended to discriminate against my daughters. And yet, by the time the first
policy matured, what I did was totally unthinkable. The boys insisted that the money be
divided equally, so that the insurance proceeds from the educational policies for the two sons
were divided among the four children. But father was duly chastised about his Neanderthal
views, and when I tried to explain to them that I simply did what my father had recommended,
they found that a most unappealing and unacceptable argument. They thought I
was a sexist. And I have wondered whether, in fact, I did have some latent sexism that
caused me to wander into this hornet's nest without the slightest notion that I was doing
anything inappropriate.
Q: Quite a change in twenty years there.
A: Yes. Just incredible the change that took place in that period of time. We have lived
through a few decades in which social mores and customs and beliefs have changed so radically
that no other time in history compares.
Q: Sir, you have a couple of times indicated that you thought yourself to be a
workaholic. Did you have to make much of an effort to find time for the children?
A: Yes, it did require an effort, and I don't know that I ever succeeded to the extent that
I would hav.e liked. Political life was quite consuming. And an illustration of the effect
on the children was an event that my wife, Ethel Mae, described to me and that I remember
very well. When I first started running for office, my son, Joel, was five years old. One
Sunday afternoon I was at a political picnic, and I was busily engaged in shaking hands
as politicians do, greeting this constituent and that constituent. And Ethel Mae told how
Joel was calling, "Daddy, Daddy," somewhat poignantly, and perhaps a bit
pathetically. And Daddy never turned. I was much too absorbed in all of the constituents
who were there, and all of the lower level party officials, precinct captains and so forth who
were gathered. Joel kept getting more and more frustrated. Finally, he reared himself up
to his full height and he shouted, "Mr. State Representative!" and I whirled around to him.
It is very easy to neglect children when one is in political life. In retrospect, I did not give
them as much time as I should have done. I did work very hard both before and after 1
entered political life. But it was particularly the case after I entered political life because
I kept up my law practice, and kept up my interests in various kinds of intellectual
activities. And I'm afraid that to some extent it was at the expense of spending more time
with the children at home.
Q: There wasn't an awful lot of change then when you went into the legislature from what
had been the situation prior to that time.
A: When we talked before I was talking about a period when I was at the university, when
I was very occupied. I think there's no question about the fact that after I entered the legislature,
I had less time at home. It was necessarily so. When you are at the office, at least
you come home in the evening. But when you're in Springfield, you can't come home in the
evening. Political life did result in some sacrifice of family life. Even at home, there were
always telephone calls.
Q: What about travels during the years before you became a representative? Did you travel
much with the children?
A: We took a lot of trips during vacation period. We would travel to different parts of the
country. We would take driving trips with the children. When I was not on vacation, however,
I was inclined to be very absorbed in my professional life. Unfortunately, being a lawyer
is not an activity that one can do just during the day. I would have work that I would
bring home with me at night. There were pleasant times at home, but there is no doubt
about the fact that the combination of a busy political life and a busy professional life is
not ideal for having an adequate time to spend with one's children.
Q: Where did you go on some of these trips?
A: Well, we went to the national parks in the west, and in the east to the
Smokies. Occasionally we went to vacation resorts on the Florida coasts in the winter
months. We would visit Nashville, my hometown. We would visit with my parents, who
had moved to Denver. We got around the United States, and Ethel Mae and I would take
some trips abroad alone. I always insisted on vacation time.
Q: When you went off on vacation, were you able to put your work behind? Or did it stick
with you through vacation time?
A: I did leave my work behind. I would not want to say to you that I didn't from time
to time get absorbed with some of the problems I was wrestling with. In legislative and
political life you're always worrying about this problem or that problem. But I did about
as well on vacation as most of us do, I suspect.
Q: Before you ran for the legislature, did you get involved in the municipal government in
Glencoe?
A: No. My wife participated in the caucus system, which is the way our government is
run. It's a municipal government, and the election of local officials is on a nonpartisan basis,
there being a caucus that nominates successors. Ethel Mae participated in that. But I did
not. I did have a very demanding labor law practice, not like a nine-to-five probate practice.
Q: Why is it different?
A: You run into strike situations; you have emergencies that have to be dealt with
immediately. You get notice at the end of the day that you have to be in court in the morning,
that an injunction is going to be sought against your client. Once at the very end of
the day, a messenger arrived at my office door with a notice of motion that the employer
the next morning was going to seek an injunction against a labor client. My secretary was
still there, and I tried to get her to do this on an emergency basis. But she found the pressure
too great. She finally said she just couldn't do it, and she left. Fortunately, I had studied
typing when I went to high school in Nashville, Tennessee. So I sat down at the typewriter
and typed the pleading that I had to have that night; it was ready by the time I went to
court in the morning. It is a demanding kind of practice in which your clients don't hesitate
to call you about their problems at any time, and in which they frequently find themselves
in emergency situations that require extraordinary legal services.
Q: Now in Glencoe you didn't have a situation where you could be related on a day-to-day
basis with laborers?
Q: Was there any occasion for you to have that sort of acquaintance? That is, out at the
factories? Did you go out and mingle among union workers?
A: Oh, yes. I had many acquaintances in unions that we represented who were employed
in factories in the area, and, indeed, all over the State of Illinois. I did mingle with them. I
knew many working people, but, with rare exception, they did not live in Glencoe. Indeed,
they did not live in my district.
Q: I was wondering what sense of actual feel for the laboier's point of view that you were
able to gain?
A: I had a lot of sympathy for the laborer's point of view as a result of having been brought
up during the Depression under most modest circumstances in Tennessee.
Q: Now, you say you didn't get involved particularly with the municipal government in Glencoe,
but your wife did.
A: Yes. Ethel Mae never was interested in running, nor did she ever run for the village
board or any position other than a position on the caucus. As a member of the caucus,
she played a significant role in slating a variety of people for the village board. She was
occupied in raising four children and had no interest in standing for office in the local community,
either on the school board, the park board, or the village board.
Q: Do you recall any issues that came up in the Glencoe area that called for legislative
action, so that you contacted a legislator?
A: Are you talking about something that would have caused me, personally, to contact my
legislator?
Q: Yes, or been involved with a group that requested legislative action of someone?
A: In connection with my law practice in my role as a labor lawyer, I had testified a number
of times before the legislature on behalf of groups wanting legislative action. I had testified
before various house or senate committees, and I had, in fact, testified at some length in
a committee of the whole hearing in the house. So I was rather used to going to
Springfield. I did not do it as a regular weekly routine, but it was not unusual for me to
be asked on behalf of a client to testify in Springfield.
Q: So the legislature was not completely alien to you when you arrived down there?
A: Oh, no. I knew it, and I knew some of the legislators.
Q: Did you have a Democratic legislator from that area at that time?
A: Yes. Jeanne Hurley, who went on to marry Paul Simon, was the Democratic legislator
from the area. Bob Marks succeeded her as the Democratic legislator. However, Jeanne
Hurley came from New Trier Township, whereas Bob Marks was from Evanston Township.
And I knew Jeanne Hurley well, and admired her.
Q: Now, you had gotten involved with precinct work in Glencoe, so your infrequent trips
to the legislature and precinct work were about the amount of your political activity?
A: My wife did most of the precinct work. That's the pattern of suburban Democratic
parties. While the men toil at their offices downtown, women do most of the actual precinct
Q: Who was the committeeman at that time, do you recall?
A: Herb Paschen was the committeeman during the period from the time when I moved
out to Glencoe until1962. He was replaced by Phil Dodge, another very decent human being,
who had been very active in one of the great movements, the co-op movement. Dodge
became the committeeman and remained the committeeman until the beginning of 1966. At
that point Mike Gomberg, now an able judge, became the committeeman briefly, only to be
defeated in a hotly-contested race in 1967 by Lynn A. Williams, a most extraordinary man.
Q: How closely were you associated with these people? Did you get to know them quite
A: I knew them well, but not intimately. I would have to draw the distinction. Ethel Mae
and I would go to headquarters and we would meet with the committeeman and other party
activists. After I became a legislator, I got to know and admire Lynn Williams and very
much enjoyed working over the years with Lynn and his wife, Dora. In the early years
my wife had more to do with local party matters than I.
Q: And generally this was more supportive of your wife's activities than yours?
A: In the early years, yes. She did more precinct work than I. But I was very interested
in state issues, and always had been very interested in state issues, and to some extent we
would work together.
Q: And at these committee meetings, were there discussions of state issues?
A: Very little at that time. Under Lynn Williams' leadership our Democratic party became
more issue oriented. We held meetings in the headquarters to discuss political issues, even
though they had a tendency to be national political issues. At that time we would try to
support all of the Democratic candidates. As the years went on, we became more selective,
singling out particular Democratic candidates that we thought unusually worthy, and in rare
instances, eschewing Democratic candidates that we felt should not be supported.
Q: Were there any political organizations, such as the Independent Voters of Illinois, that
you joined at that time?
A: When I lived on the south side of Chicago I had been active in the Independent Voters
of Illinois. When I moved to the suburbs there was an Independent Voters of Illinois
chapter in Evanston, but I had no significant connection with it. I let my membership in
the organization expire. I became more committed to the idea that for me there was an
advantage in working within the party, rather than in an independent political
organization. From that point on I did not have any significant involvement with the lVI,
except that I was lobbied by them as the years went on.
Q: Now, you say there was a gradual change toward wanting to become part of the Democratic
party itself. Did this occur prior to your first election, or afterward?
A: That was prior to my first election, and it was one of the reasons why I decided to seek
public office.
Q: You have indicated that you were an outsider or a loner. Why did you go from a more
independent view to a more party-type view, if that's the way to express it?
A: Well, I was always a do-gooder. I always had an interest in trying to reform the
world. And I concluded that one could do more by being involved with a party than one
could by being involved with an independent group that operated outside of the party
structure. I also concluded that, while I like to win cases for individual clients, I did find
quite attractive the idea that you could pass a law and change an unsatisfactory situation
for twelve million people, just like that. Indeed, as the years went on, I found how relatively
easy it was to pass laws that affect so many people. And that was a factor that caused me
to run for the legislature.
I was at the Glencoe station one morning. It was at the time when, due to the failure of
the legislature to reapportion, the General Assembly had to run at large on the orange ballot.
The Democrats were going to have to field a slate of 118 people. And I happened
to see a friend, Joe Schneider, who is now an outstanding judge in the Circuit Court of Cook
County. Joe, who was active with the New Trier Democratic Organization, said, "I've been
thinking that we ought to slate you as our candidate for state representative. If we did,
do you think you would accept it?" And I said, "I haven't thought about that, Joe."
I went down to my office and thought about it for about fifteen minutes. I had already gotten
very interested in state government. I had already worked on the Veto Force with
Kerner. And so I gave Joe a call at his office, and I said, "I've been thinking about your
suggestion. If you and Phil," - being Phil Dodge - "and the others in our party wanted
to slate me, I would consider it very seriously."
It lay dormant for a few days. And then I was told that there would be a New Trier slating
committee meeting at Phil Dodge's house, and was asked to come to the slating meeting. I
went. They interviewed me and several other candidates, and subsequently advised me that
I had been selected to be recommended to downtown. And that is how I happened to end
up as a candidate for the legislature. I don't know what would have happened if I hadn't
met Joe Schneider at the train station that morning.
Q: Apparently, they were thinking of you at that time, so it might have come from another
direction, do you suppose?
A: Well, it might have. You never know about those things. When I thought about it a
few minutes, and gave my wife a call, I decided that it wasn't a bad idea. I had no idea
that I was going to do it for a long period of time. I thought it was a very special election,
which it was, unique in Illinois history. And I had no intention, as I explained to my wife
at that time, of becoming a somewhat regular member of the General Assembly.
Q: Was anything said at that time about it being a one-term thing?
A: Nothing was said about it. But when the slatings came out, there were 118
Democrats. And there were three from my legislative district: James B. Moran from Evanston,
formerly the president of the Evanston Democratic organization, and a superb human
being; another candidate from my township, John A. Kennedy, an equally fine fellow, who
was a businessman from Chicago, and a close friend of Jim Ronan, the state Democratic
chairman; and myself. I think the party leaders were interested in fielding a slate that had
statewide appeal. I had a law practice that took me around the state a good deal. John
Kennedy was a successful businessman with a magnificent name. And Jim Moran, now a
federal district judge, was a fine lawyer. So, we were all three on the ticket. I guess it
was fairly clear to anybody that once the two years ended and they started having elections
in the usual way, there would be only one of us back.
Q: How much do you think the Blue Ribbon part of it entered your selection? Did they like
the fact that you came from the University of Chicago and were an intellectual?
A: I think that helped in terms of getting the nomination. It helped in terms of the party
slating. The fact that I represented labor unions with members all over the state undoubtedly
was a positive factor. Ordinarily the party is interested only in your appeal within your
legislative district. That's where the votes will come from. When you're all running statewide,
the party has to try to put together a ticket that will have appeal statewide. The
party leaders were trying to field what they called a Blue Ribbon slate. That was to become
the theme of our campaign.
SESSION 5, TAPE 10, SIDE 1
Q: I would like to drop back a moment to your transition, from the more independent view
to the more party-type view. You say that you began to feel that you might be more effective
within the party than as an independent. Can you think of any incidents or types of
things that caused your change? For example, in observation of people like Leland Rayson's
attempts as an Independent, did that enter into it in any way?
A: As the years went by in Springfield I came increasingly to the view that party activities
were very essential to the political health of the community. I knew Leland very well. He's
an extraordinary man, and he has some delightful qualities that would appeal to
Title Katz, Harold A. - Interview and Memoir
Subject Anti-Semitism
Illinois--Politics and Government
Illinois Constitutional Convention, 1970
Illinois General Assembly--House
Jewish-Americans
Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN
Description Katz, member of the Illinois House of Representatives 1965-1983, recalls his family background and accomplishments in the General Assembly in areas of civil liberties, criminal law, regional transportation, public health and safety, automobile safety, consumer protection legislation, education, legislative rules and procedures, and the 1970 Illinois Constitutional Convention. He also discusses his family's Russian-Jewish ancestry, his Jewish upbringing, educational experiences at Vanderbilt University and at the University of Chicago, discrimination at Vanderbilt, employment with the War Labor Board and the National Labor Relations Board, the community of Glencoe, and his participation in the Democratic Party. Appendix A consists of an excerpt from Paul K.Conklin's Gone with the Ivy: A Biography of Vanderbilt University. Appendix B consists of a list of Katz's publications.
Creator Katz, Harold A. b. 1921
Contributing Institution University of Illinois at Springfield
Contributors Waggoner, Horace Q. [interviewer]
Type text; sound
Digital Format PDF; MP3
Identifier K159
Relation ILLINOIS GENERAL ASSEMBLY ORAL HISTORY PROGRAM
Rights © Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois. For permission to reproduce, distribute, or otherwise use this material, please contact: Archives/Special Collections, University of Illinois at Springfield, One University Plaza, MS BRK 140, Springfield IL 62703-5407. Phone: (217) 206-6520. http://library.uis.edu/archives/index.html
Collection Name Oral History Collection of the University of Illinois at Springfield
Title Harold A. Katz Memoir Volume I - Part 2
Transcript 32 Q: Well now, you came to Chicago in 1942 or 1943 to stay, as it were - it turned out that you stayed. What was life in Chicago like for you at that time? Where did you live? A: I lived in a co-op in Chicago. This was another very interesting living experience. We had an old house, it must have had thirty rooms in it, in Hyde Park. It was run on a basis in which members had to be admitted into the co-op. In addition to paying some huge sum of money like twenty-five dollars a month for room and board, we would have to work in the co-op. Some cooked, some washed dishes, some cleaned up. There were at that time several housing co-ops in the general area of the University of Chicago. I lived in the Concord Co-op. It no longer is in existence. But again, it was a living experience for about a year, living cooperatively with a wide variety of students. Q: What type of work did you do? A: I washed dishes. Q: Oh, did you? A: Now and then I mowed the lawn. They didn't have enough courage to let me do the cooking, but sometimes I would bring my girl friend, Ethel Mae Lewison - now my wife ~ to the co-op and she would pitch in and help me with the dishes for about thirty people. I think that that was a tremendous inducement to marriage, seeing her in this role. In any event whether she wanted to or not, she did it. She was a good sport about it. We have been married for over forty years now, and I frequently help with the dishes. She is more than even! Q: Now were these mostly students at the University of Chicago? A: They were mostly students. One of the people there was Carl Christ. I remember Carl well because he worked in the metallurgy project. All we knew was that he was very secretive about what he did. We sort of learned that you just didn't ask him what he did. Later we discovered that he had been working on the Manhattan Project out of which came the first chain reaction that produced the atomic bomb. One time during this period I ... was involved with some friends at the Democratic national convention being held in Chicago. We were supporting Mr. Henry Wallace for reelection to the vice-presidency. I knew people who were active in the labor movement and I sort of got into the inner circle of the labor movement at the convention. They wanted to do something dramatic in terms of staging a demonstration at the convention for Mr. Wallace. Somebody wanted to get balloons that would float over the stadium with big Wallace banners. But rubber was a product that was unattainable during that period. So I spoke to my friend, Carl Christ, and he said, "Well, you know, I wouldn't have any trouble in getting you a rubber balloon - whatever size you want, just name it." I remember the fun of having Carl smuggle us out a huge balloon that could hardly fit in an automobile, and Ethel Mae brought it to the convention in a cab, and we launched it in the Chicago stadium at a very critical time. It didn't get Mr. Wallace renominated, but it did make Time Magazine, including a picture of the balloon hanging over the stadium. Q: Let's see now, that convention would have been 1944, was it? A: Yes, that would have been the 1944 convention. Q: You evidently attended that convention then. A: Yes. I didn't attend as a delegate, and didn't go on the floor during sessions. But I sat up in the galleries. We had plenty of tickets. There was a rather celebrated episode in which Mr. Sidney Hillman arranged for labor people to get tickets to the gallery. Mayor 33 Kelly was presiding, and I will never forget that episode. Every time Mayor Kelly would say, "We want - ," the whole gallery would come back, "Wallace!" He tried several times and simply couldn't get past the word, "want." We had the galleries, but Roosevelt wanted Harry Truman who became the party's candidate for vice-president. Q: Who was this Sidney Hillman? A: He was the president of the Amalgamated Clothing Workers' Union, and he was the head of the CIO [Congress of Industrial Organizations] Political Action Committee. The Republicans used the phrase, "Clear it with Sidney," to mimic what Roosevelt would allegedly say; in other words, the idea of "Clear it with Sidney" was that Mr. Roosevelt was the patsy of Sidney Hillman. Hillman was a very able man. He came out of Chicago, originally out of the Hart, Schaffner and Marx strike in Chicago with Sam Levin and Frank Rosenblum in 1910, and went on to become the president of the Amalgamated Clothing Workers' Union. And then while he lived he was a dominant political voice in the CIO. Q: Did you get to know him at that time? A: No, I didn't. I was not in the position of being in with the policymakers. I would sometimes be present at strategy sessions, but I was quite retiring in those meetings. Q: Who were some of the leaders in those meetings? A: The labor leaders in the CIO at the time. But the people that I associated with were lower-level people. I would not want to tell you that I was at the nerve center of that convention. I was crushed when our candidate, Mr. Wallace, was not renominated. Subsequently, I've had some doubts about the wisdom of our position and I've decided that Roosevelt was right, that Harry Truman was an extraordinarily fine selection as vice-president and that my friends and I were wrong. Q: How much of your association with the people that you met at these meetings, organizational meetings, came from the fact that you were with the National Labor Relations Board? A: There was no connection. I knew them socially. The people in the labor movement who were engaged in political action were by and large different from those engaged in processing claims at the War Labor Board or the NLRB. I just happened to make a good friend, Bob Levin, and I lived with him a while in an apartment. As a matter of fact, when I got married, he moved out and my wife moved in. Bob was the one who got me into these meetings because he was a CIO labor union functionary. Q: Did you formally join at any time a labor union? Did you belong to one? A: No, other than the fact that at the War Labor Board, and at the National Labor Relations Board also, we had little independent unions in our own agencies. They were not associated or affiliated with any of the national unions. They were relatively ineffectual, but we did take care of complaints that employees might have with management. I was active and was president of the union at the War Labor Board. Q: You mentioned social activity. What type of social activity did you participate in at that time? A: Just the usual social life that young people have. Q: Were there any dances that you attended at that time? A: Oh yes. I would attend some dances and some parties. Co-ops are not terribly social. They do folk dancing, rather than ballroom dancing. That was true of the work 34 camp also. They tend to attract a type of person who is not too fraternity/sororitywdance oriented. I played tennis. I went to movies, but not the Chez Paree in Chicago, and night* clubs, and that sort of activity. I was more of a hayseed. Q: Let's see, the Aragon and the Trianon were going full blast then. Did you get out to those? A: Oh, I did occasionally. I did like to dance. It's pleasant to think now about those big dance halls. Q: Do you remember any of the big bands that you saw there? A: I remember Dorsey and Kruppa and Wayne King from that period. Q: What about the legitimate theater. Did you attend much of that? A: Yes. I went to a number of plays. Today, the legislature's funding of the arts has prow duced a real renaissance of the theater in the Chicago area. The semiwprofessional theater that abounds in Chicago now hardly existed then. Q: Was there a symphonic orchestra at the University of Chicago? A: No. There was, of course, the Chicago Symphony. I remember once attending "Lady in the Dark" at the Civic Opera House, with Gertrude Lawrence and Danny Kaye. I sat with my date in the very last row in the very top balcony. You need a telescope to be able to see what's going on down there on the stage. One row back, and I would have been out in the lobby. Q: Where did you meet Miss Lewison? A: She worked at the War Labor Board. We met there, and that's what produced the sparks that produced the marriage that produced the family. Q: Was she from Chicago? A: She was from Chicago. Her father was a fine internist who taught at the University of Illinois. He had died by this time, however. She lived with her mother. She and her brother, Edward, an outstanding surgeon who taught at Hopkins and who specializes in breast cancer in Baltimore, and her mother, Julia, were the only members of her immediate family. Q: And so you just got to know each other in the activity there? A: Yes. I edited the newspaper at the War Labor Board. One day, I got a little note from someone I didn't know, telling me how much she liked a particular article I had written for the newspaper. Of course, I was very pleased to have anybody take notice of what was in the newspaper. That was Ethel Mae who had sent me the note. Soon, she and I got to be friends, and she attended some of the economics graduate school classes that I attended at the University of Chicago. She had graduated from the University of Chicago. And on July 21, 1945, we were married in Chicago. Q: So it was kind of a whirlwind sort of thing, a year, or a year and a half, or so. A: Right. I'd known her a good many months. But I did propose marriage to her relatively soon, uncharacteristically soon for me. Q: Was she active in supporting Wallace, also? 35 A: Yes. I remember her saying to him on the convention floor, "Mr. Wallace, you are the hope of the young people of America." He beamed. Q: Yes, sir. Well, let's see, where did you go on your honeymoon? A: We went to Wisconsin. And I flew in my first airplane coming back from our honeymoon.. It was a Northwest Airline plane. A storm developed, and there was lightning all around the plane. It was a frightening experience for us. During the war I had traveled some for the National War Labor Board, but always by train or by auto. People in the business world and the government world at that time seldom traveled by plane. SESSION 3, TAPE 6, SIDE 1 Q: How extensive were your travels then for the National Labor Relations Board? Throughout the Midwest? A: I traveled frequently in several states of the Midwest. It would not be at all unusual for me to be out of the city at least once a week. So I learned to travel a good deal, and it perhaps conditioned me for the milk train to Springfield. Q: Yes sir. (chuckles) What types of things did you do when you traveled like that? What were the purposes of the trips? A: Well, there would be a hearing in another city. For example, I remember once going to a hearing in Canton, Illinois. The International Harvester Company was in Canton. And there was to be an official of the agency, called then a trial examiner, who was supposed to be there to preside at a hearing. The hearing was to begin at ten o'clock. The others who were to be there waited till ten, ten-thirty. We couldn't understand the trial examiner not being there. Then we got a telephone call from him, and he was just beside himself. "I am terribly, terribly embarrassed about this. I made a mistake. I'm in Pekin, Illinois. Damn it," he said, "I knew it was someplace in China." Q: (chuckles) Well! A: Anyway, I would participate in conferences and hearings, conduct elections and make factual investigations, in different parts of the Midwest. It was an interesting kind of life. In the course of it I met Irving Friedman who later became my law partner. That has been one of the most significant events of my life. Q: Was he working with the National Labor Relations Board? A: Yes. He was working for the NLRB as senior trial attorney in the Chicago office. But it occurs to me now, this was subsequent to the time when I was there originally. I had gone to law school and had become a lawyer and had gone into practice. Irv at that time was with the Labor Board in Chicago, as I had been with the Labor Board before. Q: He was younger than you, then. A: No, but he had started his career in labor law a year or two after I did. Q: Well, let's see now, you left the co-op and went to an apartment which you shared and then, when you were married, your wife moved in and replaced the other person. What type of apartment was it? A: About as small as an apartment could be, a tiny apartment at 5200 Kenwood Avenue, in Hyde Park. I always gravitated toward that area. It was in the university area where 36 I was planning to resume my formal education. I lived in Hyde Park for many years, until I moved to Glencoe in 1952. Q: Well now, let's see, with the scholarship and some help from your wife - what type of work did she take up to keep you in school? A: She worked for a large mail order house in Chicago. Chicago used to be the national center of mail order. She would take three streetcars to get to work every day, and the same number coming back. She worked in a very unexciting kind of job, just to earn money to enable me to complete my education, as if one could ever complete one's education. Q: Formal education. A: Yes. Q: Well let's see then, it would have been about 1946, I guess, that you started in the law field. A: Well I started law school in 1945 and was graduated in 1948. I could have graduated at the end of 1947, but I stayed an extra quarter because I was working on that labor law case book with Gregory, as I think I mentioned. When I graduated I went to work for a lawyer for a relatively short period of time, a matter of some months. And then a dramatic event took place in the American labor movement that affected the course of my life. About this time Walter Reuther was assembling his forces in the United Auto Workers. That union had been under the control of leftwing elements for a number of years. Right after I got out of law school, Walter Reuther was able to win the presidency of the United Auto Workers' union. When that occurred, there was a change in the regional directorship of the union in Chicago. The new regional director decided to get a new regional attorney. He selected a very fine lawyer in Milwaukee named Max Raskin. While I was in law school Ethel Mae at one point had been working at the industrial relations center at the University of Chicago. And she was friendly with Ralph Showalter who had been an officer of a large UAW local in Chicago, Local 6. He had been appointed to a staff position in Detroit, and was on leave from the UA W to get additional education at the industrial relations center at the University of Chicago. Ralph got to know me a little through Ethel Mae. He knew about my labor background, about my writings with Professor Gregory. And just as a total coincidence Ralph met Max Raskin somewhere and told Max that he had just the guy who could do Max's work in Chicago, where both the UA W and the NLRB had their regional offices. One day I got a telephone call from Max Raskin, whom I had never heard of, and he said he wanted me to come to Milwaukee and see him. The call came the day my older son was born; I thought of an old aphorism: a first child brings good luck. I went up to Milwaukee. The lawyer that I was working for didn't want me to go particularly. He said, and I quote those immortal words, "You never get business from another lawyer." I said I was going to Milwaukee. Max asked me if I would do the UA W's work in Chicago under his general supervision from Milwaukee. I accepted and went out on my own. And that's how I started doing work for the UAW. The UA W grew. They divided the region and Milwaukee became part of a separate region. Max became the regional attorney of that region. The director in the Chicago region asked me if I would be the regional attorney here. And so that little happenstance, my wife knowing Ralph Showalter, significantly affected the course of my career. Representing the UA W became an entree to representing other labor clients. As a result, my labor law practice has been my life's principal professional activity when I was not engaged in political activity. 37 Q: I'd like to pick up there again. But right now I'd like to go back to the University of Chicago and Professor Gregory. Now the book that came out was entitled Labor and the Law. A: No, this was a different book. That was a subsequent book I did with Professor Gregory in 1979. The book that came out in 1948 was Labor Law: Cases, Materials and Comments. It was about a 1400·page case book that was used in more than fifty·five law schools at the time in the teaching of labor law. It was that book that Ralph Showalter was familiar with and that gave him enough confidence to recommend this student who had just graduated from law school to the new regional attorney for the handling of labor law matters i.n Chicago. Q: Well, did you have a sense that getting involved with writing this book would help you in your career at that time? Had that thought crossed your mind? A: Well I wrote the book because I was excited about the opportunity to publish a labor law book with a distinguished law professor. But it is also the case that I was certainly aware that in getting started in a profession, the publication of a book would be a great help. I did view it as a stepping stone to establishing myself as a person with competence in the labor law field. I have liked to be able to sit down and write. I'm basically the writer type. I like to write, whether it's a book or an article or a brief or a speech. I always have done my own speechwriting. Q: What about publication of articles at that stage? Were you being published prior to leav· ing the college? A: No, but I was on the Board of Editors of the Law Review at the University of Chicago. And I published in the Law Review in the usual way in which student notes appear. After law school I continued writing articles from time to time, usually for law reviews. Q: While you were in law school with this load of things to do for the two professors, was there a group that you felt a part of at that time? Or were you kind of separate from the other part of the law school body? A: Well, the law schools were very small at that time. The great influx of students into law had hardly begun. It is undoubtedly the case that most of my spare time was spent in the office, working with Professor Gregory. I did get to know many of the other students, but I was not active in any law school organization other than the Law Review. I spent a lot of time, an enormous number of hours, doing research for and with Professor Gregory. Q: Did your wife get involved with that or was she kind of left out? A: No, she was somewhat left out. There was no way that she could do legal research. Undoubtedly, she didn't have a husband around much of the time. Maybe, in a sense, that was good training for Springfield. I spent more time than most around the law school. She was working during the period. And soon we started to have a family. Q: Now was it Alan that was the first·born? A: The first·born, yes. He was born the year that I graduated from law school. I had become what my wife fondly calls a workaholic. I have found it very difficult to do sustained work and special projects without putting in a lot more than eight hours a day. Q: Was she generally sympathetic to that, or did that present problems in your early life? A: I think that she was generally accepting of it. I would not want to use the word sympathetic. She has seen many movies without me. '• 38 Q: What kind of social life did you and your wife find yourself in? Did you play bridge, for example? A: We did play a little bridge, but that was largely during the period after law school and before I entered the legislature. Now others did. One of my law school colleagues was Milt Shadur, now a federal district judge, who was a phenomenal law student, the best of the whole class. Old Milt would be down there playing bridge day after day. He could do it, but I couldn't. I did not have the capacity to lead the kind of life that I did, and still be down there playing bridge. Q: Well now you had mentioned earlier that you generally felt yourself being on the outside looking into these groups. Did you have that same sense here at the University of Chicago? A: Yes. I did not spend my time down in the student lounge playing bridge and drinking beer with my classmates. I got along with my classmates, and a group of us studied together when exam time came. But I was not in the mainstream of the social life of the law school. Q: What about Professor Gregory's thinking? Were you really in sympathy with him? Or were there things that you found that you thought he ought to be thinking differently on? A: We were not writing a political book. In terms of general philosophy in labor law, we were sympatico. He was a delightful human being. It was a pleasure working with him. He is not pompous in any way. He doesn't maintain a barrier between professor and student. He treated me as a friend. To this day we have remained good friends. Q: Well let's see, your tenure there at the University of Chicago wasn't too long after the - what was it? - the Walgreen episode. Did you have a sense that there were undesirables as far as the United States were concerned on the campus? A: No. I had no sympathy with the Walgreen kind of thinking. The University of Chicago was a place where free inquiry could take place. The price you pay for free inquiry is that some people may espouse ideas that you don't agree with. One of the reasons why I was so fond of the university was precisely because it was that kind of center of free inquiry. I was angry with the people in Springfield who were looking into the university to try to find subversives in this place or that place. There is no subversion in the arena of ideas. SESSION 4, TAPE 7, SIDE 1 Q: Then asking a little bit more about law school, now let's see, you were almost entirely tied up with your schoolwork and the work for the school, for Dr. Millis and Professor Gregory, at that time. You had no other work going on. A: No. I was a full-time student in the law school. Q: I assume that the type of work you were doing was something like a graduate assistant or a research associate for these individuals. A: Yes, that would accurately describe what I was doing. Q: Did this type of work at that time or this association in any way cause you to think about a teaching career? A: Yes, I did think about a teaching career but decided that I would like to practice law. I have never been sorry I made that choice. I have enjoyed the action, the variety, the independence of private practice, particularly as it has been coupled with my legislative activities. PATERNAL GRANDFATHER ISAAC KATZ IN RUSSIA WITH FAMILY ( 1 914). MAURICE KATZ, THE ELDEST CHILD AND THE FATHER OF HAROLD KATZ, HAD EMIGRATED TO THE U.S.A. LANDING AT ELLIS ISLAND IN 1 905. IN 1914, MAURICE BROUGHT HIS HALF~BROTHER, JOSEPH (UPPER RIGHT), TO THE UNITED STATES. KALMAN KATZ, THE RECENTLY LOCATED HALF·BROTHER, IS ON THE LOWER RIGHT ON HIS MOTHER'S 'LAP. "By being away in the [Russian] army [Kalman] avoided being killed by the Nazis . ... I mean every cousin, every aunt, everyone was killed by the Nazis, with the exception of Kalman. This was the Holocaust." MAURICE AND EVELYN KATZ AND THEIR CHILDREN: SAM, HELEN [ALBERT], AND HAROLD (1960). "He did not encounter anything like he had come from, the Cossacks riding into the community and terrorizing the Jews .... This really was a new world for him. And his parents were proven right. In America he was accepted in a way that he could never have been in Russia. And so were his children. " HAROLD KATZ IN HIGH SCHOOL DURING THE GREAT DEPRESSION (CIRCA 1 935). INSET: HAROLD ON A PONY IN THE MID~TWENTIES. "l was very troubled by the unemployment, the poverty, and the malnutrition that was all over the place. There is nothing comparable today in our country. There were no public assistance programs. People just had to make do." IN 1 958 AS HAROLD KATZ WAS ABOUT TO RECEIVE A MASTER'S DEGREE FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO. "The University of Chicago was a place where free inquiry could take place .... I was angry with the people in Springfield who were looking into the university to try to find subversives in this place or that place. There is no subversion in the arena of ideas." PORTRAIT OF ELEANOR ROOSEVELT ( 1 942). INSET: HAROLD KATZ RETURNS 44 YEARS LATER TO ROOSEVELT SUMMER HOME IN CAMPOBELLO, NEW BRUNSWICK, CANADA, 1 986. On Eleanor Roosevelt: "Mrs. Roosevelt sent me a picture, an autographed picture, that I hung and kept nearby because I admired her so much." On FDR: "He was elected president four terms. Growing up, I never knew a president other than Roosevelt. " On Campobello: "At Vanderbilt I was outside of the mainstream. At Campobello I was in the mainstream. . . . There was a world with other people who were like me." HAROLD KATZ AND HIS WIFE, ETHEL MAE, DURING HIS FIRST RE-ELECTION CAMPAIGN IN 1966. "So it's very helpful to have an Ethel Mae. Two heads are better than one, and two memories are better than one. When we go into a public place, two of us have the opportunity to remember who that fellow is across the room who's walking over toward you. Some constituents are very good about that while others try to embarrass you." ,., FAMILY PORTRAIT TAKEN NOVEMBER 2, 1986, AT HAROLD'S 65TH BIRTHDAY PARTY. STANDING (L TOR), ALAN, BARBARA, JULIA, LAURA, AND JOEL. SEATED (L TOR), PAULINE WITH ELENA, 2, AND ETHAN, 8, HAROLD AND ETHEL MAE. THE HAROLD KATZ FAMILY SHOWN TWENTY YEARS EARLIER ON THE BACK OF A "DEAR FRIEND'i CAMPAIGN POSTCARD. FOREGROUND, ETHEL MAE AND HAROLD KATZ AND JOEL; REAR, JULIA, BARBARA, AND ALAN. "They were very happy over my election to the legislature .... Later, if you asked them ... on balance I would bet that most kids would rather not have their parents in public life. " ESTELLE WIRPEL, ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANT TO HAROLD KATZ. "I did have to provide constituents with service which I was never very fond of doing. Estelle Wirpel, who became my legislative aide later, was a whiz at it." HAROLD KATZ IS SHOWN ON THE HOUSE FLOOR WITH HIS TWO YOUNGER CHILDREN, JULIA (L) AND JOEL (R), WHO WERE IN SPRINGFIELD SERVING AS HONORARY PAGES FOR THAT DAY DURING THE 1 969 SESSION. " ... When I first started running for office, my son, Joel, was five years old. One Sunday afternoon I was at a political picnic, and I was busily engaged in shaking hands as politicians do, greeting this constituent and that constituent. And Ethel Mae told how Joel was calling, 'Daddy, Daddy,' somewhat poignantly, and perhaps a bit pathetically. And Daddy never turned .... Finally, he reared himself up to his full height and he shouted, 'Mr. State Representative!' and I whirled around to him." I I HAROLD KATZ VISITS WITH PROFESSOR CHARLES 0. GREGORY IN NEW HAMPSHIRE IN 1 985. "The publisher was somewhat aghast. A book by Gregory, Professor of Law! How could they put, 'and by HarQld A. Katz, student at the law school'--who was going to buy a book like that? And so they importuned me to try to be admitted to the bar before I graduated from law school .... " GOVERNOR OTTO KERNER CELEBRATES HIS 55TH BIRTHDAY WITH HIS STAFF AND MRS. KERNER BY CUTTING A CAKE IN THE GOVERNOR'S OFFICE ON AUGUST 1 5, 1 963. SHOWN (L TO R) MARY HEFFERNAN; JOHN REIDY; HAROLD KATZ. WHO ASSISTED GOVERNOR KERNER IN THE REVIEW OF BILLS PASSED BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY IN 1 961 AND 1 963; DAWN CLARK [NETSCH], THE GOVERNOR'S LEGAL ASSISTANT; MRS. KERNER: GOVERNOR KERNER; EDNA HOBBIS; MARGARET KOLOM; AND BILL CHAMBERLAIN, THE GOVERNOR'S ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANT WHO LATER BECAME SECRETARY OF STATE. "With Walker, who was interested in power, it was inevitable that there would be that kind of confrontation. Kerner was not interested in power in that sense. He did not want to control the Democratic party, he simply wanted to be Governor of the state .. " HAROLD KATZ AND DOUG FRASER, INTERNATIONAL PRESIDENT OF THE U.A.W., EXCHANGE GREETINGS AT A LABOR POLITICAL RALLY IN OTTAWA IN 1978. IMMEDIATELY BEHIND KATZ TO HIS LEFT, ATTORNEY GENERAL WILLIAM SCOTT CAN BE SEEN IN PROFILE. TO THE RIGHT OF KATZ IS REP. LEWIS A.H. CALDWELL (D.CHICAGO) AND TO FRASER'S RIGHT IS REP. E.J. "ZEKE" GIORGI (D-ROCKFORD). "Representing the UA W became an entree to representing other labor clients. As a result, my labor law practice has been my life's principal professional activity when I was not engaged in political activity." GOVERNOR OTTO KERNER SIGNS AN UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE BILL INTO LAW, 1 961 . STANDING (L TO R), SAMUEL C. BERNSTEIN, COMMISSIONER OF UNEMPLOY· MENT COMPENSATION; HAROLD KATZ, SPECIAL COUNSEL TO THE DIRECTOR OF LABOR; REUBEN G. SODERSTROM, PRESIDENT OF THE ILLINOIS STATE AFL-CIO; AND ROBERT JOHNSTON, DIRECTOR OF LABOR. INSET: GOVERNOR KERNER'S VETO FORCE IN 1 961 AND 1 963. REAR (L TO R), WILLARD J. LASSER$ (NOW COOK COUNTY CIRCUIT JUDGE), JAMES B. MORAN (NOW U.S. DISTRICT COURT JUDGE, CHI· CAGO), AND HARRY GOL TER. FOREGROUND (L TO R), HAROLD KATZ, DAWN CLARK (NOW SENATOR NETSCH ([D.-CHICAGO]), AND JAMES T. OTIS. "[W] hen the governor issued a call to his Board of Unemployment Compensation advisers to ... review the existing legislation in unemployment compensation, you can be very sure that somebody had been to talk to the governor, either Rube Soderstrom or maybe Joe Meek. The governor was not self-propelled in the situation .... " "The experience that I had in the Veto Force did interest me in trying to make some long-run improvements in the legislative process, but I had no other experience that motivated me to say, 'Well I'm going to Springfield and I'm going to correct that situation. ' But when I got to Springfield I did try to correct some situations." 39 Q; Did you have any experience at teaching? Did you fill in at any time for any of the instructors? A: Yes, I used to teach occasional classes for Professor Gregory in the labor law classes that he gave in the economics department. Q: Let's see now, you resided at the same place at the apartment all during your school years. Or did you . . . A: Yes, I lived near the campus in university housing. Q: Now let's see, Alan had been born. We mentioned that before. Before you graduated from law school, had Barbara and Julia and Joel, the other three, been ... (Narrator looks in notes) Q: Perhaps that's an unfair question. A: Barbara, my elder daughter, was born three years after I was graduated from law school. My daughter, Julia, and my son, Joel, were born in 1955 and 1958, respectively. By the time I entered the legislature in 1965 I had a full family. Q: Well, let's see now, you graduated in what year? 1948 would it have been? A: Yes, 1948. I actually finished my course work at the-end of 1947. But I stayed over some additional months in order to work with Professor Gregory on the labor law case book that we've discussed so that my actual graduation took place in March of 1948; Q: Now you've indicated that by that time you had made up your mind you were going into practice. Did you have any particular direction in which you were going into practice? A: Yes, I wanted to go into labor law. Q: How did you think you would go about doing that? Joining a firm? A: Yes, to go to work for a law firm to learn the nuts and bolts of the practice of law. It is the equivalent for a lawyer of a carpenter's apprenticeship, enabling you to learn the practical as~ts of dealing with clients and counseling clients and learning how the court system works. It turned out to be much shorter than I anticipated. I had begun with a lawyer and that relationship lasted, however, only about six months. At that point the UA W and Max Raskin of Milwaukee whom I mentioned were interested in having me represent the UA W in the Chicago area. I was very pleased to have the opportunity and decided to go out on my own. I had a choice either of having some kind of status in which I as a house lawyer might occupy an office free of charge in the UAW headquarters in Chicago or of establishing my own office. While the attraction of not having overhead and rent was enormous, I decided that I did not want to be a house counsel type of lawyer. And so I began my own law practice sharing space with a few young lawyers. We were all banded together in very small quarters, trying to keep overhead down, maintaining the appearance of a successful law firm while still trying to pay the bills, which was difficult when you first started practice. We had two rooms in our suite, and we would have to share the office. We might leave court with a client and then we would phone the office and say "Leave the office free. I'm coming back with a client." I would arrive with my client and walk self-assuredly into "my" private office. Each of us would do that to maintain the appearance with clients that we were not destitute, even though, in fact, we were perilously close to that state at the time. 40 Those were very exciting days. I look back on them fondly. It was a period that was totally unlike what the practice of law is today. Now young lawyers are paid large sums of money to work for law firms. I went to work for a lawyer before I went into my own practice. I had had experience with the two government agencies in the field of labor, the War Labor Board and the National Labor Relations Board, had satisfactory academic attainments and a publication, and I was paid the munificent sum in a labor law firm of seventy-five dollars a week. When I consider what some law firms pay first- and second-year law students now for clerking it's absolutely astounding. I have a young friend at the University of Chicago who, after his first year of law school, was paid more than $600 !!: week by a downtown Chicago law firm to clerk during the summer. Q: Times have changed. A: Times have indeed changed. Q: Well now where was this first firm? When you first came out and went to work for the lawyer, where was he located? Was he downtown? A: He was in downtown Chicago, the Temple Building, 77 West Washington Street. Q: And where was the suite of two offices that you rotated in and out of? A: That was at 120 South La Salle Street. It looked a little like a Marx Brothers movie. I don't know if you remember those wonderful scenes when the Marx brothers would move all the furniture from one room to the next room. My first venture in private practice was a little like that. Q: Were the group all graduates of the University of Chicago Law School? A: No. They were from a variety of law schools. The common elements that bound us together were friendship, inexperience, and poverty. And we all wanted to start law practice with as little financial obligation as possible. Overhead is a terrible thing in the case of a young professional. You have to work very hard just to pay your expenses. One lawyer told me that he went a year without having a client walk into his office. Lawyers could not then advertise. Now, with newer developments in the First Amendment aspects of business communication, lawyers are permitted to advertise. At that time, however, you had to try to build up a law practice gradually. It was very difficult to do. Q: Now you had a little jump here in that the UAW job came along. What did that entail? What d.id you do for the UAW? A: I represented them in all kinds of legal proceedings at the National Labor Relations Board, and in court. I counseled them on all kinds of legal problems that affect labor unions. And I gradually became the lawyer for a number of members of the UAW who had individual legal problems. Combining those different elements I was able to build a law practice that became busy' and profitable. I never had any problem in terms of having an adequate number of clients. I confess that there has never been a day in my life since I first hung up a shingle when I did not have adequate legal work to keep me busy that day. However, I had to work at it, and my fees were minimal. Q: Well, how did your associates in the group do? A: They developed good law practices as life went on and time went on. We shared the office. We did not share the law practice. They had their law practices, and I had my law practice. We simply shared space and a secretary. I think there must have been five or six lawyers with one secretary. And she did more than secretarial work of the usual sort. She answered the telephone and ushered people in and out in between the few desks that we 41 had. there. Incidentally, one of the lawyers married the wonderful secretary we wred. And that same lawyer did well enough to contribute recently four and a half million dollars to the University of Chicago Law School to erect a new library that will bear his name - the· D'Angelo Law Library! I remember the day when Dino could hardly afford a law book, much less a law library. Young lawyers- have to maintain a professional posture with their clients. If my clients had -not thought I was substantial and established, they might not have been willing to trust me with their legal problems. They had to have confidence, and so it's necessary for the young lawyer to have a side of his life that is kept quite apart from what his client knows about. He has to keep up his appearances. He has to dress appropriately. We had to ha~e a law office; we had to have our name on the door. The client is never told that you may have to deposit his check quickly else a check of your own may bounce. But that's the truth of it. bt the early years of law practice, it really is difficult to make a go of it, if you're on your own. Q: But you never had any doubts that you were going to make a go of it in those years? A: I did not have any doubts. But in the process of reaching security, you have a lot of travails, particularly in the case of a young lawyer who has chosen to go out on his own earlier than most others. It requires speedy maturing. There are some anxious moments when new problems are presented to you which you have never encountered before. Fortunately, even though I wasn't working for a firm or another lawyer, I did have my colleagues who shared this little law suite, and what one of us didn't know, another was apt to know. So we shared our experiences. And if t had a problem in a particular field of law new to me I would hope that one of the other lawyers would have had a problem in that particular field already. From a client's point of view, inexperience is a cause for concern. But every lawyer has to handle a matter for the first time. If you were to insist that lawyers be experienced before they can handle a matter, it would be like that old law that said that every automobile approaching an intersection must halt when there is another car at the intersection and let the other car proceed first. I had to get my first cases. And I was very lucky. I remember one. It involved a client who had made a deal to purchase a piece of property. It had been purchased under a con~ tract but when the time came to deliver the property after he had made all of the payments, 1t turned- out that the seller of the property didn't actually own the property. The seller fn fact ir• going to try to acquire the property from somebody else. The seller refused to turn dYer the property to my client because he didn't have it, which was his defense. I presented, the case before Judge Elmer Schnackenberg, who had once been Speaker of the Illinois house. It was a hard fought case. I won. Judge Schnackenberg did not accept the _defense that my client should not be able to acquire the title because the person he made the _contract with didn't have the title, and he ordered the seller who had signed the contract with my client to go out and secure the funds to acquire the title in order to perform. The judge ordered "specific performance," as it is called, of the contract. The defendant was ordered to perform the contract he had entered - to acquire the title and then to convey the property to my client. Now, the client in that case was the president of a local union. He was quite overjoyed at the re.sults, and thereafter he referred many legal matters to me from among the members of his loeal union and occasional work for the union itself. I built up my private law practice from such recommendations. Step by step I was able to build a quite adequate legal practice. And it was not very long until I was able to, and in fact had to, hire additional lawyers to take care of the legal work that I was bringing into the law firm. Q: These were other lawyers than those that you were associated with? 42 A: Yes. After a few years I was able to leave that ... little suite at 120 South La Salle Street and acquire an office of my own. An office, secretary, overhead, the whole catastrophe, as they say. And from that point on I was on my own except for one very brief period of one year when I tried a partnership and left that. Then I entered a fruitful association with Irving Friedman on October 6, 1953, which became a permanent association that has lasted many years, and enabled me to discharge the duties of the legislature without neglecting private clients. Irv, Jerry Schur, Warren Eagle and others in the firm made it possible for me to serve in the legislature for eighteen years, along with my constituents who elected me. Citizen legislators depend upon their colleagues to cover for them when they are away. Q: When you moved from the two-room suite did you move here to 7 South Dearborn? A: No. I moved to 11 South La Salle. And I had space there for some time, though I have been here at 7 South Dearborn for many years. I suspect that we are probably their longesttenured tenant here. I have a habit of staying put. When I went to Springfield I moved into the State House Inn. And I still stay at the State House Inn when I am in Springfield, probably their longest-tenured guest. When I came to 7 South Dearborn, at some point I moved into the suite that Joe Meek occupied when he was running for the United States Senate. SESSION 4, TAPE 7, SIDE 2 Q: You knew Joe Meek then for a long time? A: Oh, yes. I knew him of course in Springfield and thought a lot of him. He was always honorable. Anything he ever told me was true, which is the ultimate test of my regard for a lobbyist. (taping stopped for discussion of outline, then resumed) Q: Sir, actually then, your law practice when you started out was not just labor law. You were involved in a general law practice. A: Absolutely. I have practiced in the traditional mold of the general practitioner, but with a specialty of labor law. The field of labor law is a very complex field. It is a rapidly changing field. It requires a considerable application of one's time to becoming expert in the particular problems that labor unions encounter. Q: So you were involved with other labor clients than the UAW as time went on, I guess? A: As time went on we acquired a variety of labor union clients. But the UAW was a very substantial underpinning that enabled me to get started. They were there when I needed them. Q: What types of things came up in those early days with the UAW? Do you recall any of the cases that would exemplify how you were supporting them? A: The UA W had just emerged from a period in which they had thrown out a leadership that the Reuther group felt were either Communists, or soft on Communists. A good deal of legal work arose as the UA W and the CIO, side by side, fought the battle to rid the American labor movement of Communist or fellow-traveller leadership. We had a lot of legal work where the UA W would seek to take over representation of employees in this plant or that plant to try to supplant unions that it felt were under Communist domination. Q: What would a suit be like? I I I r i ' ! 43 A: Well, in order to supplant a union, you would have to file a petition with the Labor Board and have hearings to persuade the Labor Board to conduct an election. Under American labor law, it is then left to the workers to decide which union they want. Similarly, we were involved in fights in the Chicago area involving unions that were corrupt. Our clients were. trying to supplant corrupt unions. We were involved in litigation in the South, involving problems growing out of racial discrimination. The White Citizens movement in Memphis; Tennessee, tried to supplant the UA W at the International Harvester plant there because the UAW would not go along with the segregationist program and practices of the White Citizens League. We got involved in extensive litigation growing out of that or involving either discrimination against blacks or women. And then there were all sorts of damage suits that were brought against a union that might grow out of an alleged breach of contract, or alleged disturbances on a picket line, in which the employer would seek to enjoin the union from picketing, or a member might sue the union for failing to represent him or her properly. We got involved in the whole field of wages and hours, in which we might sue an employer who was not paying minimum wages under the Fair Labor Standards Act. We sued to enforce health and safety standards. We became involved in unemployment compensation and worker compensation problems that affected members of the labor unions. And I became involved in the legislative process that affected the rights of working people. I was the principal labor spokesman on the Board of Unemployment Compensation advisors that negotiated changes with the employer and public representatives in regard to unemployment compensation laws. At that time the legislature simply enacted into law whatever this advisory group agreed upon. I tried to effect changes that would help working people. I was also involved in the worker compensation advisory group that negotiated with employers proposed changes in the worker compensation act. Q: Was that a legislative structure or another organization? A: It was not formally established by an act of the legislature as the Board of Unemployment Compensation Advisors was, but the outcome was exactly the same. Whenever this advisory group in worker compensation, consisting of employer and union claimant representatives, agreed on a change in the law, the General Assembly would automatically enact it into law. That went on for many years. The practice changed later when I was in the legislature. When I went into the legislature, I severed all activities with the advisory boards. Q: I noticed you were formerly on that Advisory Board on Unemployment Compensation from 1961 to 1965. Was that a governor's appointment to that? A: Yes. Q: That would have been Governor Kerner, I guess, at that time? A: Correct. A client, Bob Johnston, the regional director of the Auto Workers, had been named by Governor Kerner as his director of labor. I got to know Governor Kerner in that way. Q: I understand at this same time you became a special advisor to both the governor and to Bob Johnston. A: The governor asked me if I would help on what was popularly termed the Veto Force. The legislature in those days would pass almost all of its bills at the very end of the legislative session every two years. The governor would have to review all of those bills and decide whether to sign or veto them. Governor Kerner asked me if I would be part of this small group of lawyers who would assist him by reviewing all of the legislation that was passed. At this time Dawn Clark, now Senator Netsch, an enormously bright woman, 44 was the governor's legal assistant. He asked me if I would assist in the process for a limited period. So I worked with Dawn and with a few other lawyers after the 1961 session, and again after the 1963 session of the General Assembly reviewing the myriad of bills that the General Assembly passed during those sessions. Our job was to review each bill, to learn as much as we could about the bill, and to prepare a memo for the governor recommending whatever action we thought appropriate. And if the action we recommended was a veto, to prepare the draft of the veto for the governor to sign. That's what I did in the summers of 1961 and 1963. Q: Were you paid by the state for this service? A: I was paid by the state as a contractual employee. It was a modest sum, not enough to make it attractive to a lawyer, or even to pay his overhead. But I was very interested in the work, and wanted to do it. Q: We skipped to 1961 in regard to political relations. During the 1950's, what type of political activity did you become involved in? A: I became involved in the Democratic party in my local area, which was New Trier Township. We moved to Glencoe in 1952. And Ethel Mae and I became active in the Democratic party in our area. We had, and have, a very genteel Democratic party. It is one of the few political parties around that does not run on patronage. It's a totally different kind of Democratic party than you have in the city of Chicago. Ethel Mae was the precinct captain, and I would help her try to get our neighbors to vote Democratic. Our committeeman was Herb Paschen, who was later nominated for the governorship. Q: Except for the "flower fund," might . . . A: Yes, that's right, only to resign the nomination due to, I would have to say, the tyranny of the press. I'm a great believer in the press, but sometimes they can lose their perspective. They can hound a man out of his position. I think that that was true of Herb Paschen. What he had done was no different from what scores and scores of politicians have done, and still do - collect "dues" from patronage employees to make necessary political expenditures. I thought then, and still think, he was a very honorable person. I was sorry that he stepped down. His replacement lost. Q: Was he instrumental in any way in your becoming active in the New Trier Democratic organization when you did? A: You've got to understand that all you have to do to be active in the Democratic party in New Trier Township is just ask. They are desperately looking for people. It isn't ~s if you have to have influence to get a position. They are anxious to have people who will work. We were volunteers. There was nothing that would come out of it, other than a sense of satisfaction and the fun of doing it. People like that usually don't last too long. We had a lot of turnover in our Democratic organization. But Ethel Mae and I stayed around and worked. Q: Well now had you been active before you moved to New Trier? A: No, I was not active in politics in the city. Neither of us was ever a precinct captain or anything like that. Nor were we ever active in the Fifth Ward Democratic organization in the Hyde Park area. On occasion we might join in a temporary burst of activity for the lVI [Independent Voters of Illinois]. Q: Now you moved to New Trier. Do you recall why it was you decided to become politically· active? Was there an opening or what ... 45 A: There was an opening in our precinct. Ethel Mae agreed to be the captain. I agreed to help her. So I did. By and large we were active only right before the election, maybe from Labor Day to the election. We didn't engage in year~round political activity as a pre~ cinct captain at that time in New Trier Township. Q: When you moved to New Trier how did you come to join the Democratic party as opposed to the Republican party? Was there any thought to perhaps the Republican party? A: Th~re was never any inclination on my part to go into the Republican party. I felt the Democratic party was the party of the intellectual, the working man, the progressive. I was very taken with the leadership of the Democratic party. I was a Roosevelt enthu'siast. It never occurred to me that I would ever be a Republican, or that I would ever have any inter~ est in becoming one. And it still hasn't. Q: Let's drop back a little bit now. When you were in law school, that would have been in the Kelly er• here in Chicago, Mayor Kelly. J\: Right. Q: Did you in any way support the Kelly regime during that time? A: No. I think I have already alluded to the episode in which I was in the galleries doing whatever I could to interfere with what Mayor Kelly was trying to do at the convention. I was always anti~organization. Q: How about Kennelly when he came along? He was supposed to be kind of a reformer - at least in the thoughts of some . . . A: Well, he never impressed me very much either, but, in general, I was not active in Chicago politics. I read about it and I followed it. But I had no direct involvement other than as a voter and as a person who talked to his friends about the political process. Q: How "bout Paul Douglas? When did you first meet him? A: I first met Paul Douglas when he was on the campaign trail. I would see him in different political ·settings. I would campaign with him from time to time. But that came later. During the early years, I really did not know Paul Douglas as a professor. Even though he taught labor economics, he was not on the faculty when I was taking courses at the university. I was an enormous admirer of Paul Douglas, but our paths did not cross. Q: How about Robert Merriam? He ran against Daley, I guess, for the mayorship, and came from the University of Chicago. Did you know him? A: I knew him only casually, only to say hello, and to exchange pleasantries. I studied his father's book in political science. I really had no close involvement when I was at the uni~ versity with the public officials who were then running Chicago or seeking to run Chicago. Q: What was your feeling when Mayor Daley came along? Were you supportive of his move for the mayorship? A: Yes. I thought that he was a very able man, and I hoped that he might carry on some of the great tradition of Jake Arvey in slating people like Adlai Stevenson and Paul Douglas for high .office in the state. Q: Had you had occasion to meet Stevenson in any way in the 1950's? A: I remember once hearing Stevenson when he introduced Governor Harriman at a meeting in Chicago. Stevenson was then the head of the Chicago Council on Foreign Relations, 46 which held a big meeting for Harriman. Mr. Harriman. was interested in being a candidate for the presidency of the United States. The introducer of the presidential candidate stole the show. This was before Adlai Stevenson was a candidate. He so eclipsed Governor Harriman that it was extraordinary. Q: It wasn't intentional, I guess. A: No, I don't think it was. I think that he was a man of such charm that the whole audience was taken with him. I never lost my admiration for Adlai Stevenson from that point on. Q: So you weren't involved in any way in getting out and pounding the streets for Stevenson or any of the individuals during the 1950's? A: Ethel Mae was proud of the fact that our precinct ~ Precinct Two of New Trier Township ~ was the first precinct in New Trier Township ever to carry for a Democratic presidential candidate. But our efforts in Precinct Two were carried on in a relaxed fashion. Q: By relaxed, do you mean the intensity of the ca1:9-paign? A: Yes, most of the work was done in the month before the election. On election day the precinct captain in fact had polling sheets that enabled her to know how the people in Precinct Two were going to vote on Election Day. In general, the women in New Trier ran the precinct organization; the men were basically downtown working. The Democratic organization was growing, and there was a good deal of excitement and hard work being done. Suburban voters can't be controlled in the way that you may control city voters. They tend to follow their own inclinations and proclivities. But the women rang doorbells, made phone calls, and followed up the friendly "plus" voters on election day to make sure they voted. SESSION 4, TAPE 8, SIDE 1 A: The other interesting fact about suburban politics in those days was that it was so heavily Republican. The electorate was overwhelmingly Republican. I remember a story told to me by a Democrat from Chicago who moved to Northbrook in the early 1950's. He went into the polling place in Northfield Township to vote on election day, and he wanted a primary ballot. This was back when they had paper ballots. And he was automatically handed a Republican ballot. He timidly inquired of the polling official if he might have a Democratic ballot. Well, the polling official was absolutely indignant. They argued a few minutes, and finally the polling official reluctantly agreed. Against her wishes, she opened the package of Democratic ballots and handed him a ballot. In those days it was the practice in that precinct not to even open the package of Democratic Party ballots that was delivered from downtown! Q: Do you recall any particular activity in support of Jeanne Hurley? A: We pushed Jeanne Hurley in every way that we could. We had a coffee for Jeanne to support her. She was an ideal kind of candidate - a Democratic Frances Dawson, you might say. Q: I see. A: And only due to the - may it rest in peace - multi-member cumulative voting system were we able to have both of those fine women in the house at the same time. Q: You didn't do anything to support Frances Dawson, I guess. 47 A: Frances and I were on opposite sides of the political fence. I admired her as a legislator. Q: Did you have occasion to discuss issues with these individuals, like Jeanne Hurley? A: I talked to Jeanne about issues. But you have to understand that Jeanne and Paul Simon and I - you know, people like that - came out of the same general political mold, and we shared the same point of view generally. Q: Well, she wouldn't necessarily be expected to be expert in the field of labor relations. Now for example I believe it was jn 1961 the question came up as to the extension on unemployment compensation. I believe they extended it to thirty-five weeks. bn something like that, did she come to you for advice on what to do? A: Due to the agreed-bill process all legislators of both parties supported whatever the governor's advisory committee recommended. There was no critical evaluation of the package of legislation that came out of the governor's committee. Indeed, there was an understanding between management and labor in Illinois, which included all of the employer associations and all of the labor organizations, that not only would they support the full package of legislation that emerged from the advisory committee, but they would also agree to do everything they could politically to kill any other legislation introduced in that field. So there was no lobbying that needed to be done for any legislator's support during that period on unemployment compensation or on worker compensation. Q: So in effect you really started as a legislator in 1961 then, I guess, in some sense? A: In that sense, yes. I did get involved in the political process earlier. I occasionally testified before committees in Springfield on labor matters, and even addressed the house sitting as a whole on one or two occasions, when they were considering other kinds of labor legislation on which there was not an agreed bill. There's no doubt about the fact that during my period on the Board of Unemployment Compensation Advisors and as a member of the worker compensation advisory group I was engaged indirectly in the process of enacting legislation. Q: Where were most of the meetings of those organizations held? in Springfield or here in Chicago? A: The first meeting would usually be held in Springfield. In those days worker compensation legislation would go to the Judiciary Committee or the Labor Committee - it was wherever Rube Soderstrom wanted it to go. Rube was the beloved president of the State AFL [American Federation of Labor] in Illinois for years and years. He was a Republican who had himself once served in the house. He had a lot of influence in the General Assembly. In those years the Judiciary Committee usually was assigned worker compensation bills. The chairman would speak, extend greetings, advise us of the importance of our work, urge us to be diligent, and to come back with a package of bills that would be fair both to the working people of the state and to the management and industry of the state. Sometimes there might be a speech or two more. Rube might make a speech. And then we would hold a series of meetings in Chicago. Each side would come in with . a long list of proposals. The field was technical, and you had to know the technical aspects of the operation. We would carefully consider as a group all of the proposals, including proposals for increases in rate structure to take account of inflation, and it would be like a collective bargaining session. And finally, out of it all we would come up with a total package that both sides would support, and the legislature would enact it. Now, in unemployment compensation, we would hold similar meetings. Here, however, there were public members, and sometimes they might come in with a proposal for us to consider. But the result would be the same, that we would try to reach agreement on a 48 package and ordinarily we did. As years went by, the labor people in the state felt that the benefits that the employers were willing to give to the injured and to the unemployed were not adequate, and the process broke down. But I was involved in it while it was in its heyday. The process viewed in one way made a lot of sense, even though, viewed philosophically, it derogated the exclusive right of the General Assembly to consider and pass legislation. Q: Were there members of the legislature that followed closely what you were doing during your deliberations? A: No. We would occasionally summon a member of the legislature, chairman of the committee or someone, if the parties weren't able to agree. And that legislator would, to some extent, operate as a conciliator and try to get us back to the bargaining table. But to tell the truth nobody in the General Assembly followed either of those fields very closely, or followed the work of the advisory groups very closely. As long as industry and labor agreed, the General Assembly was perfectly willing to enact the agreement into law, perfectly willing not to consider or pass into law any other bill in that field; and the governor of the state was perfectly happy to sign into law the bills that had been agreed upon between labor and management. Q: How about Bob McCarthy? I understand he was interested in that type of legislation. A: Well, Bob was interested in the legislation as a member of the senate. But he was not part of the agreed-bill process. He did excellent work in his role as a legislator in the worker compensation field, but that was as a legislator, not through any involvement in the agreed-bill process, as I recall. His legislation marked the death knell of the agreed-bill process in Illinois. Q: Were there any occasions where the agreed-bill kind of hung up and you had to go before the committees in order to un-hang it, as it were? A: Yes. There were occasions when we did that. But they were few and far between. Once the labor forces were dissatisfied over lack of agreement and they tried to push some legislation independent of the agreed-bill process. They were able to get a bill past the house, but it went to its burial in the senate. In fact, a stalemate existed in the General Assembly and unless agreement could be reached, there would be no changes in the unemployment or worker compensation system for that biennium. In a similar situation, Will Rogers once reported, "Good news from Washington tonight, folks. The Congress is deadlocked and cannot act." Q: Now the stalemate was caused by the Democratic control in the house, and the senate being controlled by the Republicans, is that right? A: Well, that's one stalemate, but the other stalemate was where the labor forces and the employer forces on the advisory committees could not agree. And if there was a stalemate there, nothing was accomplished. The legislators liked the system. It had two great advantages for them. It did not expect them to acquire expertise in the niceties of this complex kind of legislation. Second, it enabled them to satisfy both the employers and the unions and the working people in their own districts. The legislator could appear before an employer group and honestly say, "I supported your unemployment compensation and your worker compensation legislation." And that was true. And he or she could appear before the unions and say, "I was right there with you. I supported your worker compensation and your unemployment compensation legislation that got you a 12 percent increase in benefits this year." From that point of view it was an ideal situation. , 'l i I I ,, 49 Q: Well, why, I wonder, did it continue as a governor's advisory board, and not as a commission for the legislature? Was it felt that the governor had more of an interest in it. (chuckles) A: Both agencies are administered by officials appointed by the governor. At that time the Industrial Commission was actually part of the Illinois Department of Labor. It has since become independent. The division of unemployment compensation was part of the executive braneh. The governor was there twelve months a year, twenty-four months during the biennium. The legislature was not there much of the time. And so it was really not surprising that the governor took the leadership. Much of our work necessarily had to be done before the legislature went in session. What we were trying to do was to come up with a package of bills that the legislature could enact. So we tried to do our work before the legislature came in, even though, in the real world, it usually didn't work out that way. With the incentive of the legislature being in session and the threat that they might adjourn without legislation, unless you got off your duff and came to some agreement, an accord would ordinarily be achieved in time to be enacted into law. The governor played the leadership role. However, you mustn't underestimate the relationship between the leaders of organized labor and the leaders of the employer associations. They knew each other very well. They dealt with each other at a very close range. They had a common problem. And they assumed a lot of leadership. But sometimes it worked through the public official. In other words, when the governor issued a call to his Board of Unemployment Compensation Advisors to view and review the existing legislation in unemployment compensation, you can be very sure that somebody had been to talk to the governor, either Rube Soderstrom or maybe Joe Meek. The governor was not self-propelled in the situation. Similarly, in worker compensation, when we went to Springfield to sit with the chairman of the Judiciary Committee, yqu can be very sure that Rube Soderstrom had been visiting with the chairman of the Judiciary Committee, and that the chairman of the committee was issuing his call because he h~ been requested to do so by Rube. The employers were happy that it was done that way. Obviously they liked the process or they wouldn't have participated. But there was a certain existing ritual. Ritual is terribly important in our society. The ritual of the occasional involvement of the governor, or of a leader of the legislature, was important to the agreed-bill process. Q: Well, it does seem taking it out of, the field of the legislature and placing it in the governor's hands is placing it in a small group of people that have been formed for this purpose. A: Well, that's absolutely true. I indicated before that sitting where I now sit I have some philosophical doubts about the wisdom of the process. And even, when I became a member of the legislature I had some philosophical doubts about the process, and was glad to see it eliminated. On the other hand, you must give the devil its due. These were not trivial groups. The employer associations in fact spoke for a huge number of employers and interests allied with employers in the state of Illinois who bore the costs. And the labor groups spoke for a very large number of Illinois workers who were exposed to injury and to unemployment. They gave it their good faith effort. While it lasted, the system worked well. We should be cautious about evaluating institutional arrangements from the perspective of a different generation or a different time. One can't fairly depreciate Abraham Lincoln as a human being by finding out that Lincoln may have practiced racial discrimination in an aspect of his life. You have to evaluate Lincoln by what was going on, and the conditioning he had at the time he lived. In the period of the 1940's and the 1950's the agreed-bill process resulted in a large number of improvements in the unemployment compensation and worker compensation systems, from which millions and millions of working people in Illinois benefited, and which were fair to employers. 50 Q: I guess this really in effect wouldn't be so much different from the Chicago Bar Association and the Illinois Bar Association getting together and working out the judicial reforms that were felt to be needed at that time. A: Yes, that analogy is a very good one. However, when the bar associations get together and come in with, let's say, a new judicial article, there is a full opportunity for debate and consideration of the proposed amendment when it comes to the legislature. And that is where the agreed-bill process system is faulty. In other words, once the agreed bill reached the legislature, that was the end of it. It was rubber-stamped. Any legislator who had a different idea on the subject could not even get his bill considered, whereas, in the comparable field you were talking about, another legislator could in fact propose a different judicial article if he wanted to. He wasn't likely to get it passed against the overwhelming strength of the different groups that are involved in that kind of reformist project. But he could at least have it considered. Q: Where was the decision made as to whether it was going to be an agreed bill? Was that in committee that . . . A: It was a decision unanimously reached among the representatives of the various participating interest groups. I cannot tell you when the process began. It had been going on for many, many years when I arrived on the scene. It was the accepted practice. It was the thing to do. And I indicated earlier that from the point of view of the legislators it had some very attractive features . . Q: Come to think of it, John Fribley was involved with it back in about 1938 or 1939. A: It had been going on a long time. And I will tell you, during the greater part of that period in which it was going on, the Illinois senate was under the absolute control of the Republican party. It was only with the one man, one vote concept and the redistricting that that body ever had some influx of Democrats. Therefore, if not for the agreed-bill process, there would have been no improvement in the unemployment compensation system or the worker compensation system because the employers would have turned their thumbs down and the senate would have rejected the bill. SESSION 5, TAPE 9, SIDE 1 Q: You were living down around the University of Chicago. And then you moved out to Glencoe. Why did you make such a long move? A: My wife and I were attracted to Glencoe because of a development of contemporary houses designed by an architect we admired, George Fred Keck. When we learned about these houses that were constructed on a project-kind of basis and were available for much less than would have been the cost for a custom house, we decided to move into Glencoe. We were attracted by the wooded nature of the area, and by the fact that the homes were modern and solar-oriented, long before this kind of architecture became popular in the United States. We liked the fact that it was a one-story house. We also liked the location near excellent transportation, the Chicago and Northwestern, Eden's Expressway, and the fact that the development was within easy walking distance of a nearby school. The Glencoe schools were good and the community had a casual quality that appealed to us. Those were the factors that caused us to leave Hyde Park for Glencoe. Q: Do you feel any regret at leaving the Hyde Park area? A: Well I would not wan~ to say that I don't have any regret. I think the Hyde Park area is, next to Glencoe, and possibly Evanston, about the nicest living place that I have known around Chicago. But we were glad that we made the move; we have never regretted it. !. i I 51 Q: Let's see, did you have children when you made that move, or was that to come yet? A: We had two children, a son who was four, and a daughter who was two. It was January of 1953 when we made the move. Two other children were born in Glencoe and we continue to live in the same house we bought in the latter part of 1952. Q: Did you find the school system there to be what you had expected for the children? A: We found it to be a very excellent school system. The Glencoe schools were a part of the "Lighthouse Schools" tradition of the North Shore. Q: What's the significance of the term "lighthouse?" A: It implies that the schools in the North Shore area stood out above the schools in the rest of the state, and that you could look from afar and see the Glencoe schools and the North Shore schools. This isn't a term of my making. It is a term that I have heard many times in describing the school systems of the North Shore. Q: How much involvement did you get in the PTA [Parent-Teacher Association] sort of thing with the school there? A: My wife and I were active in the PTA. Neither of us was ever an official of the PTA, although from time to time we would undertake some assignments. There was really no great activity on the part of the PTA that was in any way critical of the operating officials, the superintendent, and the staff of the schools. The PTA worked as an adjunct of the educational establishment, if you would want to call it that. And we participated in trying to help the schools in whatever way that we could. Q: Do you recall any issues that came up in the school system there at that time? A: No, the only issue that arose in the community was the question of the construction of additional schools. When you have a lot of young parents in a community, class size inevitably starts to rise. The community faces the choice of whether to let the class size increase or whether to build new schools. The community responded by building new schools. There was no significant movement among the parents, or, indeed, the community to view the problem in its longer term perspective. For example, we have since closed two of the four elementary schools in our community, schools that we built at considerable cost. Q: Was there ~y anticipation at that time that that might be the case? h tsoe. · spite of the;'fact that it was a community where people made long- A' None w a ver, m · . d N 11 · · d · · in conn~tion with their busmesses an careers. o one rea Y t~rm planmng ecislOn~ects of school construction. Or perhaps, put another way, I think viewed the lonr~-t::m ~nterested in sacrificing, if I might use that word, the qu~lity ?f our none of us we . ry 1 r tin si nificant increases in class size. At that time It was children's edu~~t:o;h bf t~~ eq~alit~ of education was determined to a major extent by c!ass t?e gener~l be hie a f the studies that have been done since have raised some serious size 1 thmk t at some o . h f que~tions about that conclusion, but it was not questioned at t at Ime. . . l d 'Ith the development of these additional schools in regard to plan- Q· n1d you get mvo ve w ning committees or anything of that nature? f Ed c tion and I never was a candidate for any A: No. That was done by the B?ard o duo~ edu'cation in the community. I was at o~e of the positions on any of the varwus .boa: s religious congregation, but not in the pubhc point a member of the board. o.f educatwn m/ur were members of did not have any kind school system. And the rehgwus congrega wn we of secular school. 52 Q: Did the religious people in that area, or the religious population, have anything to do with your moving to that area? A: I was attracted by the heterogeneous nature of the community. The religious preferences in the community were about equally divided, about one-third Protestant, one-third Catholic and one-third Jewish. That was an attractive feature, and, indeed, has remained an attractive feature of the community. Q: In your earlier life you had said you lived outside of a Jewish community and had to commute to the Jewish community. So you didn't have this type of thing there, but did that have any impact on your selection up there? A: I think that it probably did. I've not really thought about that question that you raised. I think that I did prefer to live in a community where there were a significant number of people who shared my religion. I'm sure that it played a part in making me want to live in that community, even though that was not a reason for leaving Hyde Park. Hyde Park, like Glencoe, had a diverse constituency. Q: Why do you think it strengthened the community to have this diversity? A: Well, I think that it's very much like a symphony orchestra. I believe that having differences adds to the quality of life. I do understand the long tradition of ghettos both in the Jewish community in Europe and in the racial ghettos of the United States. But I believe that it adds to the richness of life in the community to have different instruments playing, different groups participating. It's a qualitative judgmental decision that I can't support on any statistical basis. But having lived in different kinds of communities, I feel instinctively that it's a sound conclusion. Q: What was the economic level of the people who lived there? A: Glencoe was a well-to-do community in relation to other suburban communities. Its average income was very high, but not quite as high as Winnetka, the community immediately to the south of us. There is no question but that all of the studies about the demographics of the area show Glencoe to have a significantly higher average income than most of the suburban communities. Q: What was the economic makeup of Glencoe? Were there any factories around? A: No. Incidentally, that was one of the ~roblems that developed with regard to financin the school systems. There were no factones. It was one of the fe b h · · g th t h d · 'fi 1 · w su ur an commumbes a a a sigm cant y-sized black community. It was an established bl k · dated ba~k a long time. There has been no racial tension in Glencoe. T~~ b~~:mumty t~at ~t that time ~ended to be concentrated into one area. Subsequently a black fa~~rmumty mto my area In Glencoe, and this never caused the slightest ripple 'w h d Y r_noved neighborhood to introduce them around 1 got a certain · e a a party m the h th h d d . · wry amusement some years lat r w en ey a one so well economically that they moved to a afH e more uent area of Glencoe. Q: What was the general economic level of these blacks in that a ? rea. A: It varied. Years ago they were economicall f 1 com~unity. As time went on, and blacks moved in~o ar ess affluent. ~han. the white mumty, became professionals and business e 1 ... enhanced posttiOns In the comeconomic level of the community. There is ~o oxo~b:ot~e bl~cks .tended to reflect the higher to-do as the white community. But they If at ~Istoncally they were not as wellpart of the community. . - were a se -sustamed, economically adequate, solid Q:. J?o yo~ think that level, not being at the welf abihty to mtegrate in that community? are level, had something to do with the ........ __________ __ 53 A: Yes, I believe that it helped. But it was also helped by the fact that blacks started to be better educated. Blacks attended the same schools as whites in Glencoe. They attended New Trier High School. Blacks tended to have better educations than blacks in other areas were able to achieve. There is no discernible racial hostility in Glencoe, and it is quite unlike the situation that exists in some other areas of the state. Q: Were most of the people in Glencoe then commuters to elsewhere? A: Yes, we were, and still are, a bedroom suburb. Most of us commute by the Northwestern to Chicago. Q: So you've done that for quite a number of years then, since 1952? A: I have commuted to Chicago for many years. Of course, I also commuted to Springfield for many years, when we were in session, every week though, rather than every day. Q: Do you ever get tired of commuting? A: No. I enjoyed it, both to Springfield and to Chicago. In the early days, when I was in the legislature, we used to go down by train. There was a whole mystique that came with travel by train. Unfortunately that has tended to disappear from the American scene. Like everyone else, I moved to airplanes as a method of traveling to and from Springfield. Q: How far is Glencoe from O'Hare? A: It takes about thirty minutes to drive or to get a limousine from my house to O'Hare. Q: What about the family life in Glencoe? Was it an enjoyable sort of place to live? A: Oh, very. It was an excellent place to live. There was lots of activity. The schools would have father-son or father-daughter occasions. The fathers would play touch football in the street with their children in those days. The fathers were young and vigorous for the most part, and we had great athletic contests with each other and against our sons. In those days the women's revolution was scarcely heard. As a matter of fact, an episode occurred that I will never forget. My father was in the insurance business, as I mentioned to you. When the children were very young, he insisted on selling me educational insurance policies. Now, I had two sons and two daughters. And my father insisted that I should buy the educational insurance policies for my sons. It never occurred to him or to me or even to Ethel Mae that there was anything untoward about buying educational insurance policies only for your sons. As my father explained to me, the boys would have to be supporting wives and families, and if anything should happen to me, it was very important that they complete their education. So I bought the educational insurance policies from his company, the Metropolitan, and they sat in the safety-deposit vault for many years. Time passed; it came time to cash them in. One night at the dinner table I mentioned that the first one of these policies was now due. The children started questioning me about it, and the girls discovered that I had taken out educational insurance policies on the boys, but not on the girls. I'm not sure who was more furious with me. Perhaps the boys were more furious than the girls. But I will never forget the absolute fury with which this discovery was greeted by my children. For me, it was an indication of the way the times changt:. When I bought those policies I had not intended to discriminate against my daughters. And yet, by the time the first policy matured, what I did was totally unthinkable. The boys insisted that the money be divided equally, so that the insurance proceeds from the educational policies for the two sons were divided among the four children. But father was duly chastised about his Neanderthal 54 views, and when I tried to explain to them that I simply did what my father had recommended, they found that a most unappealing and unacceptable argument. They thought I was a sexist. And I have wondered whether, in fact, I did have some latent sexism that caused me to wander into this hornet's nest without the slightest notion that I was doing anything inappropriate. Q: Quite a change in twenty years there. A: Yes. Just incredible the change that took place in that period of time. We have lived through a few decades in which social mores and customs and beliefs have changed so radically that no other time in history compares. Q: Sir, you have a couple of times indicated that you thought yourself to be a workaholic. Did you have to make much of an effort to find time for the children? A: Yes, it did require an effort, and I don't know that I ever succeeded to the extent that I would hav.e liked. Political life was quite consuming. And an illustration of the effect on the children was an event that my wife, Ethel Mae, described to me and that I remember very well. When I first started running for office, my son, Joel, was five years old. One Sunday afternoon I was at a political picnic, and I was busily engaged in shaking hands as politicians do, greeting this constituent and that constituent. And Ethel Mae told how Joel was calling, "Daddy, Daddy," somewhat poignantly, and perhaps a bit pathetically. And Daddy never turned. I was much too absorbed in all of the constituents who were there, and all of the lower level party officials, precinct captains and so forth who were gathered. Joel kept getting more and more frustrated. Finally, he reared himself up to his full height and he shouted, "Mr. State Representative!" and I whirled around to him. It is very easy to neglect children when one is in political life. In retrospect, I did not give them as much time as I should have done. I did work very hard both before and after 1 entered political life. But it was particularly the case after I entered political life because I kept up my law practice, and kept up my interests in various kinds of intellectual activities. And I'm afraid that to some extent it was at the expense of spending more time with the children at home. Q: There wasn't an awful lot of change then when you went into the legislature from what had been the situation prior to that time. A: When we talked before I was talking about a period when I was at the university, when I was very occupied. I think there's no question about the fact that after I entered the legislature, I had less time at home. It was necessarily so. When you are at the office, at least you come home in the evening. But when you're in Springfield, you can't come home in the evening. Political life did result in some sacrifice of family life. Even at home, there were always telephone calls. Q: What about travels during the years before you became a representative? Did you travel much with the children? A: We took a lot of trips during vacation period. We would travel to different parts of the country. We would take driving trips with the children. When I was not on vacation, however, I was inclined to be very absorbed in my professional life. Unfortunately, being a lawyer is not an activity that one can do just during the day. I would have work that I would bring home with me at night. There were pleasant times at home, but there is no doubt about the fact that the combination of a busy political life and a busy professional life is not ideal for having an adequate time to spend with one's children. Q: Where did you go on some of these trips? 55 A: Well, we went to the national parks in the west, and in the east to the Smokies. Occasionally we went to vacation resorts on the Florida coasts in the winter months. We would visit Nashville, my hometown. We would visit with my parents, who had moved to Denver. We got around the United States, and Ethel Mae and I would take some trips abroad alone. I always insisted on vacation time. SESSION 5, TAPE 9, SIDE 2 Q: When you went off on vacation, were you able to put your work behind? Or did it stick with you through vacation time? A: I did leave my work behind. I would not want to say to you that I didn't from time to time get absorbed with some of the problems I was wrestling with. In legislative and political life you're always worrying about this problem or that problem. But I did about as well on vacation as most of us do, I suspect. Q: Before you ran for the legislature, did you get involved in the municipal government in Glencoe? A: No. My wife participated in the caucus system, which is the way our government is run. It's a municipal government, and the election of local officials is on a nonpartisan basis, there being a caucus that nominates successors. Ethel Mae participated in that. But I did not. I did have a very demanding labor law practice, not like a nine-to-five probate practice. Q: Why is it different? A: You run into strike situations; you have emergencies that have to be dealt with immediately. You get notice at the end of the day that you have to be in court in the morning, that an injunction is going to be sought against your client. Once at the very end of the day, a messenger arrived at my office door with a notice of motion that the employer the next morning was going to seek an injunction against a labor client. My secretary was still there, and I tried to get her to do this on an emergency basis. But she found the pressure too great. She finally said she just couldn't do it, and she left. Fortunately, I had studied typing when I went to high school in Nashville, Tennessee. So I sat down at the typewriter and typed the pleading that I had to have that night; it was ready by the time I went to court in the morning. It is a demanding kind of practice in which your clients don't hesitate to call you about their problems at any time, and in which they frequently find themselves in emergency situations that require extraordinary legal services. Q: Now in Glencoe you didn't have a situation where you could be related on a day-to-day basis with laborers? A: No. Q: Was there any occasion for you to have that sort of acquaintance? That is, out at the factories? Did you go out and mingle among union workers? A: Oh, yes. I had many acquaintances in unions that we represented who were employed in factories in the area, and, indeed, all over the State of Illinois. I did mingle with them. I knew many working people, but, with rare exception, they did not live in Glencoe. Indeed, they did not live in my district. Q: I was wondering what sense of actual feel for the laboier's point of view that you were able to gain? A: I had a lot of sympathy for the laborer's point of view as a result of having been brought up during the Depression under most modest circumstances in Tennessee. 56 Q: Now, you say you didn't get involved particularly with the municipal government in Glencoe, but your wife did. A: Yes. Ethel Mae never was interested in running, nor did she ever run for the village board or any position other than a position on the caucus. As a member of the caucus, she played a significant role in slating a variety of people for the village board. She was occupied in raising four children and had no interest in standing for office in the local community, either on the school board, the park board, or the village board. Q: Do you recall any issues that came up in the Glencoe area that called for legislative action, so that you contacted a legislator? A: Are you talking about something that would have caused me, personally, to contact my legislator? Q: Yes, or been involved with a group that requested legislative action of someone? A: In connection with my law practice in my role as a labor lawyer, I had testified a number of times before the legislature on behalf of groups wanting legislative action. I had testified before various house or senate committees, and I had, in fact, testified at some length in a committee of the whole hearing in the house. So I was rather used to going to Springfield. I did not do it as a regular weekly routine, but it was not unusual for me to be asked on behalf of a client to testify in Springfield. Q: So the legislature was not completely alien to you when you arrived down there? A: Oh, no. I knew it, and I knew some of the legislators. Q: Did you have a Democratic legislator from that area at that time? A: Yes. Jeanne Hurley, who went on to marry Paul Simon, was the Democratic legislator from the area. Bob Marks succeeded her as the Democratic legislator. However, Jeanne Hurley came from New Trier Township, whereas Bob Marks was from Evanston Township. And I knew Jeanne Hurley well, and admired her. Q: Now, you had gotten involved with precinct work in Glencoe, so your infrequent trips to the legislature and precinct work were about the amount of your political activity? A: My wife did most of the precinct work. That's the pattern of suburban Democratic parties. While the men toil at their offices downtown, women do most of the actual precinct work. Q: Who was the committeeman at that time, do you recall? A: Herb Paschen was the committeeman during the period from the time when I moved out to Glencoe until1962. He was replaced by Phil Dodge, another very decent human being, who had been very active in one of the great movements, the co-op movement. Dodge became the committeeman and remained the committeeman until the beginning of 1966. At that point Mike Gomberg, now an able judge, became the committeeman briefly, only to be defeated in a hotly-contested race in 1967 by Lynn A. Williams, a most extraordinary man. Q: How closely were you associated with these people? Did you get to know them quite well? A: I knew them well, but not intimately. I would have to draw the distinction. Ethel Mae and I would go to headquarters and we would meet with the committeeman and other party activists. After I became a legislator, I got to know and admire Lynn Williams and very 57 much enjoyed working over the years with Lynn and his wife, Dora. In the early years my wife had more to do with local party matters than I. Q: And generally this was more supportive of your wife's activities than yours? A: In the early years, yes. She did more precinct work than I. But I was very interested in state issues, and always had been very interested in state issues, and to some extent we would work together. Q: And at these committee meetings, were there discussions of state issues? A: Very little at that time. Under Lynn Williams' leadership our Democratic party became more issue oriented. We held meetings in the headquarters to discuss political issues, even though they had a tendency to be national political issues. At that time we would try to support all of the Democratic candidates. As the years went on, we became more selective, singling out particular Democratic candidates that we thought unusually worthy, and in rare instances, eschewing Democratic candidates that we felt should not be supported. Q: Were there any political organizations, such as the Independent Voters of Illinois, that you joined at that time? A: When I lived on the south side of Chicago I had been active in the Independent Voters of Illinois. When I moved to the suburbs there was an Independent Voters of Illinois chapter in Evanston, but I had no significant connection with it. I let my membership in the organization expire. I became more committed to the idea that for me there was an advantage in working within the party, rather than in an independent political organization. From that point on I did not have any significant involvement with the lVI, except that I was lobbied by them as the years went on. Q: Now, you say there was a gradual change toward wanting to become part of the Democratic party itself. Did this occur prior to your first election, or afterward? A: That was prior to my first election, and it was one of the reasons why I decided to seek public office. Q: You have indicated that you were an outsider or a loner. Why did you go from a more independent view to a more party-type view, if that's the way to express it? A: Well, I was always a do-gooder. I always had an interest in trying to reform the world. And I concluded that one could do more by being involved with a party than one could by being involved with an independent group that operated outside of the party structure. I also concluded that, while I like to win cases for individual clients, I did find quite attractive the idea that you could pass a law and change an unsatisfactory situation for twelve million people, just like that. Indeed, as the years went on, I found how relatively easy it was to pass laws that affect so many people. And that was a factor that caused me to run for the legislature. I was at the Glencoe station one morning. It was at the time when, due to the failure of the legislature to reapportion, the General Assembly had to run at large on the orange ballot. The Democrats were going to have to field a slate of 118 people. And I happened to see a friend, Joe Schneider, who is now an outstanding judge in the Circuit Court of Cook County. Joe, who was active with the New Trier Democratic Organization, said, "I've been thinking that we ought to slate you as our candidate for state representative. If we did, do you think you would accept it?" And I said, "I haven't thought about that, Joe." I went down to my office and thought about it for about fifteen minutes. I had already gotten very interested in state government. I had already worked on the Veto Force with 58 Kerner. And so I gave Joe a call at his office, and I said, "I've been thinking about your suggestion. If you and Phil," - being Phil Dodge - "and the others in our party wanted to slate me, I would consider it very seriously." It lay dormant for a few days. And then I was told that there would be a New Trier slating committee meeting at Phil Dodge's house, and was asked to come to the slating meeting. I went. They interviewed me and several other candidates, and subsequently advised me that I had been selected to be recommended to downtown. And that is how I happened to end up as a candidate for the legislature. I don't know what would have happened if I hadn't met Joe Schneider at the train station that morning. Q: Apparently, they were thinking of you at that time, so it might have come from another direction, do you suppose? A: Well, it might have. You never know about those things. When I thought about it a few minutes, and gave my wife a call, I decided that it wasn't a bad idea. I had no idea that I was going to do it for a long period of time. I thought it was a very special election, which it was, unique in Illinois history. And I had no intention, as I explained to my wife at that time, of becoming a somewhat regular member of the General Assembly. Q: Was anything said at that time about it being a one-term thing? A: Nothing was said about it. But when the slatings came out, there were 118 Democrats. And there were three from my legislative district: James B. Moran from Evanston, formerly the president of the Evanston Democratic organization, and a superb human being; another candidate from my township, John A. Kennedy, an equally fine fellow, who was a businessman from Chicago, and a close friend of Jim Ronan, the state Democratic chairman; and myself. I think the party leaders were interested in fielding a slate that had statewide appeal. I had a law practice that took me around the state a good deal. John Kennedy was a successful businessman with a magnificent name. And Jim Moran, now a federal district judge, was a fine lawyer. So, we were all three on the ticket. I guess it was fairly clear to anybody that once the two years ended and they started having elections in the usual way, there would be only one of us back. Q: How much do you think the Blue Ribbon part of it entered your selection? Did they like the fact that you came from the University of Chicago and were an intellectual? A: I think that helped in terms of getting the nomination. It helped in terms of the party slating. The fact that I represented labor unions with members all over the state undoubtedly was a positive factor. Ordinarily the party is interested only in your appeal within your legislative district. That's where the votes will come from. When you're all running statewide, the party has to try to put together a ticket that will have appeal statewide. The party leaders were trying to field what they called a Blue Ribbon slate. That was to become the theme of our campaign. SESSION 5, TAPE 10, SIDE 1 Q: I would like to drop back a moment to your transition, from the more independent view to the more party-type view. You say that you began to feel that you might be more effective within the party than as an independent. Can you think of any incidents or types of things that caused your change? For example, in observation of people like Leland Rayson's attempts as an Independent, did that enter into it in any way? A: As the years went by in Springfield I came increasingly to the view that party activities were very essential to the political health of the community. I knew Leland very well. He's an extraordinary man, and he has some delightful qualities that would appeal to
Harold A. Katz Memoir Volume I -...
Harold A. Katz Memoir Volume II -...
Harold A. Katz Interview Tape 1...
Harold A. Katz Interview Tape 10...
- Harold A. Katz Memoir Volume I - Part 1
- Harold A. Katz Memoir Volume II - Part 1
- Harold A. Katz Interview Tape 1 of 36
- Harold A. Katz Interview Tape 10 of 36
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President Falwell urges students to seek counseling for troubles
November 20, 2013 : By Mitzi Bible/Liberty University News Service
The day after the tragic event involving a Liberty University freshman and a Liberty emergency services officer, President Jerry Falwell, Jr. addressed the student body during Wednesday’s Convocation, urging them to seek help for their troubles before they become overwhelming.
“I know how stressful college life can be and I know at your age that every problem seems to be magnified, not having been through a lot of these types of stresses before,” he told them. “But I urge you to get help. Don’t wait until it boils over; don’t wait until it becomes unbearable. We have professional counselors here, many people who can help you, from faculty to the Student Care Office, and a number of pastors and leaders. Please seek help.”
Students who would like to speak to a licensed professional counselor are asked to contact the Student Care Office at studentcare@liberty.edu or (434) 582-2320. Counselors are available 24/7.
Falwell asked students, faculty, and staff to continue to pray and support one another.
“In a situation like this, there are so many people impacted, there are so many people who need prayer, from the family of the victim … to the students who knew him, to the officer.”
With his brother, the Rev. Jonathan Falwell, joining him on stage as the guest speaker, Falwell shared about how their own family was impacted by a similar event. He told them that their grandfather shot his own brother in self-defense in 1931, and that he carried the burden for 16 years and plunged into alcoholism, which eventually led to his death.
Falwell expressed his sympathy for other tragedies that also occurred on Tuesday, including Virginia Sen. Creigh Deeds, who was stabbed, and Deeds’ son who was found shot to death. He also announced that a Liberty student had learned on Tuesday that his twin brother had died in an accident, and that there was a suicide attempt (unrelated to Tuesday’s shooting) on campus the same day as well.
“We ask that you pray for each other, support each other, help each other get through these events,” he said.
The student body then had a time of prayer, closed by Dr. Ron Godwin, provost and senior vice president for Academic Affairs.
At the end of Convocation, Falwell announced that during the message he was able to speak briefly to the mother of Joshua Hathaway, the student who was killed. Falwell said she had asked him to convey her thanks to the students for their prayers, and for the support of her son’s prayer group, and asked for continued prayers as the family begins to process this tragedy.
In an interview following Convocation, Falwell told the media about the phone call.
“I told her… that our whole community is heartsick about what happened. I just can’t imagine what was going through his mind, what he was trying to deal with, the stresses that he just thought were insurmountable, and our heart goes out to the family. As a parent myself I just can’t imagine what their family is going through.”
Watch the Rev. Jonathan Falwell's full Convocation message on Liberty's YouTube channel.
At the beginning of the main Convocation message, the Rev. Jonathan Falwell asked that students also remember his brother, President Falwell, in prayer as he leads the university during these difficult times. Rev. Falwell then delivered a fitting, motivational message to students as the semester comes to a close. (Classes are out for Thanksgiving break next week, and then students will have two more weeks before the semester ends and Christmas break begins.)
The message, based on Micah 6:8, focused on the “three greatest aspirations” in life: “To act justly and to love mercy and to walk humbly with your God.” He told students that while culture may tell us that fame, power, and money are the top three, Christians must seek to live out this Scripture in their lives.
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You may not want certain pages of your site crawled because they might not be useful to users if found in a search engine's search results. If you do want to prevent search engines from crawling your pages, Google Search Console has a friendly robots.txt generator to help you create this file. Note that if your site uses subdomains and you wish to have certain pages not crawled on a particular subdomain, you'll have to create a separate robots.txt file for that subdomain. For more information on robots.txt, we suggest this Webmaster Help Center guide on using robots.txt files13.
Tablet - We consider tablets as devices in their own class, so when we speak of mobile devices, we generally do not include tablets in the definition. Tablets tend to have larger screens, which means that, unless you offer tablet-optimized content, you can assume that users expect to see your site as it would look on a desktop browser rather than on a smartphone browser.
When Googlebot crawls a page, it should see the page the same way an average user does15. For optimal rendering and indexing, always allow Googlebot access to the JavaScript, CSS, and image files used by your website. If your site's robots.txt file disallows crawling of these assets, it directly harms how well our algorithms render and index your content. This can result in suboptimal rankings.
Make it as easy as possible for users to go from general content to the more specific content they want on your site. Add navigation pages when it makes sense and effectively work these into your internal link structure. Make sure all of the pages on your site are reachable through links, and that they don't require an internal "search" functionality to be found. Link to related pages, where appropriate, to allow users to discover similar content.
In 1998, two graduate students at Stanford University, Larry Page and Sergey Brin, developed "Backrub", a search engine that relied on a mathematical algorithm to rate the prominence of web pages. The number calculated by the algorithm, PageRank, is a function of the quantity and strength of inbound links.[22] PageRank estimates the likelihood that a given page will be reached by a web user who randomly surfs the web, and follows links from one page to another. In effect, this means that some links are stronger than others, as a higher PageRank page is more likely to be reached by the random web surfer.
Social media marketing, or SMM, is a form of internet marketing that involves creating and sharing content on social media networks in order to achieve your marketing and branding goals. Social media marketing includes activities like posting text and image updates, videos, and and other content that drives audience engagement, as well as paid social media advertising.
Yelp consists of a comprehensive online index of business profiles. Businesses are searchable by location, similar to Yellow Pages. The website is operational in seven different countries, including the United States and Canada. Business account holders are allowed to create, share, and edit business profiles. They may post information such as the business location, contact information, pictures, and service information. The website further allows individuals to write, post reviews about businesses, and rate them on a five-point scale. Messaging and talk features are further made available for general members of the website, serving to guide thoughts and opinions.[49]
Engagement with the social web means that customers and stakeholders are active participants rather than passive viewers. An example of these are consumer advocacy groups and groups that criticize companies (e.g., lobby groups or advocacy organizations). Social media use in a business or political context allows all consumers/citizens to express and share an opinion about a company's products, services, business practices, or a government's actions. Each participating customer, non-customer, or citizen who is participating online via social media becomes a part of the marketing department (or a challenge to the marketing effort). Whereas as other customers read their positive or negative comments or reviews. Getting consumers, potential consumers or citizens to be engaged online is fundamental to successful social media marketing.[20] With the advent of social media marketing, it has become increasingly important to gain customer interest in products and services. This can eventually be translated into buying behavior, or voting and donating behavior in a political context. New online marketing concepts of engagement and loyalty have emerged which aim to build customer participation and brand reputation.[21]
Search engine marketing (SEM) is a form of Internet marketing that involves the promotion of websites by increasing their visibility in search engine results pages (SERPs) primarily through paid advertising.[1] SEM may incorporate search engine optimization (SEO), which adjusts or rewrites website content and site architecture to achieve a higher ranking in search engine results pages to enhance pay per click (PPC) listings.[2]
Let’s say, for example, that you run a construction business that helps with home repairs after natural disasters and you want to advertise that service. The official term for the service is “fire restoration,” but keyword research may indicate that customers in your area search instead for “fire repair” or “repair fire damage to house.” By not optimizing for these two keywords, you’ll lose out on a lot of traffic and potential customers, even if “fire restoration” is technically more correct.
AdWords is recognized as a web-based advertising utensil since it adopts keywords which can deliver adverts explicitly to web users looking for information in respect to a certain product or service. It is flexible and provides customizable options like Ad Extensions, access to non-search sites, leveraging the display network to help increase brand awareness. The project hinges on cost per click (CPC) pricing where the maximum cost per day for the campaign can be chosen, thus the payment of the service only applies if the advert has been clicked. SEM companies have embarked on AdWords projects as a way to publicize their SEM and SEO services. One of the most successful approaches to the strategy of this project was to focus on making sure that PPC advertising funds were prudently invested. Moreover, SEM companies have described AdWords as a practical tool for increasing a consumer’s investment earnings on Internet advertising. The use of conversion tracking and Google Analytics tools was deemed to be practical for presenting to clients the performance of their canvas from click to conversion. AdWords project has enabled SEM companies to train their clients on the utensil and delivers better performance to the canvass. The assistance of AdWord canvass could contribute to the growth of web traffic for a number of its consumer’s websites, by as much as 250% in only nine months.[30]
Social networking websites allow individuals, businesses and other organizations to interact with one another and build relationships and communities online. When companies join these social channels, consumers can interact with them directly.[3] That interaction can be more personal to users than traditional methods of outbound marketing and advertising.[4] Social networking sites act as word of mouth or more precisely, e-word of mouth. The Internet's ability to reach billions across the globe has given online word of mouth a powerful voice and far reach. The ability to rapidly change buying patterns and product or service acquisition and activity to a growing number of consumers is defined as an influence network.[5] Social networking sites and blogs allow followers to "retweet" or "repost" comments made by others about a product being promoted, which occurs quite frequently on some social media sites.[6] By repeating the message, the user's connections are able to see the message, therefore reaching more people. Because the information about the product is being put out there and is getting repeated, more traffic is brought to the product/company.[4]
There has been an increase in social media marketing in sport, as sports teams and clubs recognise the importance of keeping a rapport with their fans and other audiences through social media.[112] Sports personalities such as Cristiano Ronaldo have 40.7 million followers on Twitter and 49.6 million on Instagram, creating opportunities for endorsements.[113]
Google's search engine marketing is one of the western world's marketing leaders, while its search engine marketing is its biggest source of profit.[17] Google's search engine providers are clearly ahead of the Yahoo and Bing network. The display of unknown search results is free, while advertisers are willing to pay for each click of the ad in the sponsored search results.
Instagram has proven itself a powerful platform for marketers to reach their customers and prospects through sharing pictures and brief messages. According to a study by Simply Measured, 71% of the world's largest brands are now using Instagram as a marketing channel.[58] For companies, Instagram can be used as a tool to connect and communicate with current and potential customers. The company can present a more personal picture of their brand, and by doing so the company conveys a better and true picture of itself. The idea of Instagram pictures lies on on-the-go, a sense that the event is happening right now, and that adds another layer to the personal and accurate picture of the company. In fact, Thomas Rankin, co-founder and CEO of the program Dash Hudson, stated that when he approves a blogger's Instagram post before it is posted on the behalf of a brand his company represents, his only negative feedback is if it looks too posed. "It's not an editorial photo," he explained, "We're not trying to be a magazine. We're trying to create a moment."[57] Another option Instagram provides the opportunity for companies to reflect a true picture of the brandfrom the perspective of the customers, for instance, using the user-generated contents thought the hashtags encouragement.[59] Other than the filters and hashtags functions, the Instagram's 15-second videos and the recently added ability to send private messages between users have opened new opportunities for brands to connect with customers in a new extent, further promoting effective marketing on Instagram.
Early versions of search algorithms relied on webmaster-provided information such as the keyword meta tag or index files in engines like ALIWEB. Meta tags provide a guide to each page's content. Using metadata to index pages was found to be less than reliable, however, because the webmaster's choice of keywords in the meta tag could potentially be an inaccurate representation of the site's actual content. Inaccurate, incomplete, and inconsistent data in meta tags could and did cause pages to rank for irrelevant searches.[10][dubious – discuss] Web content providers also manipulated some attributes within the HTML source of a page in an attempt to rank well in search engines.[11] By 1997, search engine designers recognized that webmasters were making efforts to rank well in their search engine, and that some webmasters were even manipulating their rankings in search results by stuffing pages with excessive or irrelevant keywords. Early search engines, such as Altavista and Infoseek, adjusted their algorithms to prevent webmasters from manipulating rankings.[12]
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SEO techniques can be classified into two broad categories: techniques that search engine companies recommend as part of good design ("white hat"), and those techniques of which search engines do not approve ("black hat"). The search engines attempt to minimize the effect of the latter, among them spamdexing. Industry commentators have classified these methods, and the practitioners who employ them, as either white hat SEO, or black hat SEO.[50] White hats tend to produce results that last a long time, whereas black hats anticipate that their sites may eventually be banned either temporarily or permanently once the search engines discover what they are doing.[51]
While most search engine companies try to keep their processes a secret, their criteria for high spots on SERPs isn't a complete mystery. Search engines are successful only if they provide a user links to the best Web sites related to the user's search terms. If your site is the best skydiving resource on the Web, it benefits search engines to list the site high up on their SERPs. You just have to find a way to show search engines that your site belongs at the top of the heap. That's where search engine optimization (SEO) comes in -- it's a collection of techniques a webmaster can use to improve his or her site's SERP position.
Facebook had an estimated 144.27 million views in 2016, approximately 12.9 million per month.[109] Despite this high volume of traffic, very little has been done to protect the millions of users who log on to Facebook and other social media platforms each month. President Barack Obama tried to work with the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) to attempt to regulate data mining. He proposed the Privacy Bill of Rights, which would protect the average user from having their private information downloaded and shared with third party companies. The proposed laws would give the consumer more control over what information companies can collect.[107] President Obama was unable to pass most of these laws through congress, and it is unsure what President Trump will do with regards to social media marketing ethics.
Look at your short- and long-term goals to choose whether to focus on organic or paid search (or both). It takes time to improve your organic search rankings, but you can launch a paid search campaign tomorrow. However, there are other considerations: the amount of traffic you need, your budget, and your marketing objectives. Once you’ve reviewed the pros and cons, you can select the search strategy that’s right for you.
As an Internet marketing strategy, SEO considers how search engines work, the computer programmed algorithms which dictate search engine behavior, what people search for, the actual search terms or keywords typed into search engines, and which search engines are preferred by their targeted audience. SEO is performed because a website will receive more visitors from a search engine the higher the website ranks in the search engine results page (SERP). These visitors can then be converted into customers.[4]
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RE: WWII boming debate
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RE: WWII boming debate - 3/4/2008 11:27:52 PM
ORIGINAL: HansBolter
So you hope to prop up your flagging arguments with the words of yet another Japanese apologist?
The containment strategy was a diplomatic and economic startegy used to contain the aggression Japan was already involved in.
Characterizing it as the root cause of their aggression in the first place is laughable.
That they would likely react with yet further aggression and that the "surprise" attack should have come as no great surprise is old news.
I am heartened by the fact that he has abandoned his "the bombing of population centers or ¨strategic bombing¨ did not do much in WW2 except kill civilians" fiasco.
It is more than I could expect with what I had to work with.
< Message edited by ORANGE -- 3/4/2008 11:28:31 PM >
(in reply to HansBolter)
Post #: 181
From: A Sand Road
I had never heard of this man or his dissent.
Why do you think that is? Hmmmm.
Well anyways, now you have. After the trial he was elected to the United Nations International Law Commission. Interesting man. Worth reading his legal works in international affairs.
(in reply to sullafelix)
ORIGINAL: Ike99
Because he was a nutjob?
BTW, what was his position on comfort women? I would be interested in that and it could tell us a lot about his character.
(in reply to Ike99)
From: Denmark
ORIGINAL: ilovestrategy
I'm confused. I thought the Japanese were fighting to the last man and gave up in 45 because of the A bombs.
Did the Japanese really offer to surrender in 44? Can someone set me straight?
No. They attempted to contact the Soviets in the late summer of 1945 to help opening negotiations with the Western Allies (remember the Soviets weren't at war with them yet), but Stalin had already decided to go to war.
We are all dreams of the Giant Space Butterfly.
(in reply to ilovestrategy)
RE: WWII boming debate - 3/5/2008 12:10:55 AM
sullafelix
Status: offline Well even all good intentions go awry. I will crawl into the sewer with you.
What is your hangup with the " comfort " women? Are you sorry you missed them or was a female in your family forced to be one. I've looked over and over this whole thread and I've never read that anyone defended or condoned Japanese crimes against humanity.
I also notice that you never apologized about your tainting me with being a US hater and all the inuendo's that you were inferring on me. But, I assume that if I follow your post trail I will find many instances of this and no regrets or apologies to whom you have done this to.
My apologies to Matrix but my bile and anger built up until it got the best of me. I would ask that you do the right thing and ban us both. However I know that I would follow the ban to the letter of the law but more than likely he would be back here within the hour.
(in reply to Terminus)
I´m not your school teacher. Do your own research on Justice Radhabinod Pal.
(in reply to ORANGE)
RE: WWII boming debate - 3/5/2008 1:00:54 AM
mdiehl
Status: offline Tokyo Tribunal Justice Radhabinod Pal probably should have been on trial too, because this:
The economic measures taken by America against Japan as also the factum of ABCD encirclement scheme will thus have important bearings on the question of determining the character of any subsequent action by Japan against any of these countries.
Is baloney. It's tantamount to saying that economic sanctions are a causus belli for war -- not a position that any sane person would adopt because economic sanctions generally fall into the arena of diplomacy and other methods short of war commonly employed by nations as a kind of "last best warning" to wrondoers that they are precipitating a crisis. Were one to subscribe to Pal's thesis, it would follow that no sanctions can be imposed against genocidal aggressor nations. It would also follow by his irreasoning that economic harm is morally equivalent of murder, and that if one wants to impose economic sanctions then one is morally justified in merely skipping the whole Diplomacy --> sanctions path entirely and simply opening fire.
All that I want to say here is that, justly or unjustly, rightly or wrongly, the Allied Nations had already participated in the conflict by these actions and any hostile measures taken against them by Japan thereafter would not be "aggressive".
Only a fool or a liar could make that claim -- or a person like Justice Pal (a zealous believer in the Greater East Asian Co-Prosperity sphere and for the most part a Japanese atrocity apologist, a member of the Japanese supported Indian National Army, and a highly placed Imperial Japanese spy in the Indian Commonwealth justice system). His role in the trials was in essence to try to make all of Japan's war crimes seem like some other nation's fault -- much like a defense attorney defending a psychotic serial killer by blaming twinkie toxicity.
BTW, what was his position on comfort women?
He'd have denied that they were not acting under their own free will. Then he'd have blamed the UK.
< Message edited by mdiehl -- 3/5/2008 1:09:26 AM >
Show me a fellow who rejects statistical analysis a priori and I'll show you a fellow who has no knowledge of statistics.
Didn't we have this conversation already?
Status: offline The only thing I can say is that you people are viewing these events and statements by 2008 eyes. Sanctions the idea of "aggressor nations " was all totally new. There were no laws that governed these things at the time. Also economic sanctions are exactly that not sanctions that would cause another country to be defenseless. To take what you wanted be it Japan in China or England in India or whatever the case had been the unwritten law since countries had developed until that time.
May I pose a question to all. If the US or the UK or any nation get into an international flap and all of OPEC decide that not one member sells oil to that country. Would there or would there not be firebrands that would be pushing said government to take what was needed if only for defense if not for economic reasons? What if their allies were told that the oil was to be shut off to them also if they were caught trading with the first nation. Once again I make my plea no morality judgements or reasons of why it happened. Just a cold hard look at the scenario, even with 2008 eyes. What if the cutoff nation was actually thrown into warmongers hands because of economic chaos and fear? Would they be culpable if they invaded where ever they felt they could get oil, of course they would be culpable for the invasion and all the lives lost etc.. Now look at the situation from a earlier age where might meant right and there was no such thing as viewing the world as a whole but just separate nations that were friends or foes. Remeber that all nations at all times have military plans against even their closest allies ( ie. the US rainbow plans etc. )
We would naturally expect that in this day an age when Honor or face would not get in the way we would have a diplomatic solution. But honor and Face in 1940 meant all any nation up until that time would have gone to war in a flash if it thought it's honor was impigned. This all I'm trying to say and show is how the world has changed and such things do not happen anymore ( thank the Gods ). I am not making excuses for what happened or excusing any behavior from War crimes to Crimes against humanity. As I said before look at the incredibly small an ridiculous attitudes and mindset that set the world on fire in 1914. The world had not grown up much at all from 1914 to 1940. The two cultures that we are talking about were as different as night and day one was a republican nation who's ideas were going forward to the 21st century. The other was a feudalistic society with a veneer of a newer society scraped over it in a very thin layer.
(in reply to mdiehl)
RE: WWII boming debate - 3/5/2008 5:36:35 PM
ezzler
Status: offline Sulla05 your arguments have logic and deserve more respect than they have been shown.
That said .. you are of course wrong.
Japan had plenty of other options available than war. If it wasn't such a political basket case then other choices could have been made. To say ALL nations would have responded the same way in the 1940's is incorrect.
Appeasement was very much in fashion throughout the 1930's and early 40's.
The diiference between Japan and say a country like France would be that France would not have got itself into the situation of being isolated,surrounded without allies, short on resources and fighting a major conflict, scared of appearing weak while making unlikely demands and threats to another major industrial power it could not hope to beat militarily or Economically.
Look at the Commenwealth and France when faced with aggression by Germany. Anything but war.
Imperial Japan was a Facist country and behaved as did all the facist [ or indeed communist] countries.
"But honor and Face in 1940 meant all any nation up until that time would have gone to war in a flash if it thought it's honor was impigned." errm ..No. The USA would have gone to war if it had lost face ? Congress would have voted for war on a slight ? I doubt it.
I feel you make the case too strongly. YES if running out of resources some countries may have chosen to fight, but by no means all. Most would have moderated behaviour, changed their actions, sought allies , made peace with neighbours, gone to the League, adopted different tactics, sought compromise etc etc.
Imperial Japan behaved like the rest of the bullies and it is hard to see any difference between them.
The only thing I can say is that you people are viewing these events and statements by 2008 eyes.
That is not correct.
Sanctions the idea of "aggressor nations " was all totally new.
That is also not correct.
There were no laws that governed these things at the time.
That does not seem correct. The decision to impose trade restrictions was a matter (in this example) of US domestic law, therefore there were in fact laws that governed these sorts of things. Furthermore, trade restrictions as internatinal political leverage are as old as city-states. China had trade restrictions beginning in the 13thC. The UK had trade restrictions (and one could argue still do). Japan had trade restrictions throughout the 19thC and straight through the crisis period that preceded their attack on PH and the UK C'wealths. In none of these prior instances were trade restrictions deemed causus belli. These were only viewed as a 'cause for war' by expansionist aggressor states who would have eventually gone to war anyhow but under conditions more favorable to their economies (and thus with somewhat improved hopes of consolidating their illegally-gotten gains).
Moreover, since you have raised The Law as an issue, Japan's invasion of China was clearly a violation of international law. If one could argue that Japan "had to wage war against the UK and the US because of the embargo" then one is in essence arguing that Japan had to wage war because Japan started an illegal war in China.
Also economic sanctions are exactly that not sanctions that would cause another country to be defenseless.
Japan would not have been defenseless. Japan would, however, had to limit its aggressive expansion or, alternatively, back down on its demands that the entire circum-Pacific immediatelty surrender and subject their citizenry to the (brutally repressive and genocidal) governance of Imperial Japan. Very few in the Phillippines for example wanted Japan to take over, because they knew they were four years from independence anyhow, and because they knew from reports in China exactly what Japan meant by "co-prosperity."
If the US or the UK or any nation get into an international flap and all of OPEC decide that not one member sells oil to that country. Would there or would there not be firebrands that would be pushing said government to take what was needed if only for defense if not for economic reasons?
There would be such types indeed. But they would with virtual certainty not succeed. The US and UK are states that negotiate in good faith. The "21 Demands" were not made with the intention of negotiation. Cooler heads in Japan could easily have prevailed had anyone the moral or intellectual standing to note that Japan's security and economic strength would actually IMPROVE by letting go of China. But if one starts a war with the intent of genocide, then negotiations do not really matter because any negotiation results in the abandonment of the basic goal.
Now look at the situation from a earlier age where might meant right and there was no such thing as viewing the world as a whole but just separate nations that were friends or foes.
Non-sequitur. Even then, there was the idea of rational self interest, and morality in governance. Imperial Japan abandoned reason in the former and simply abandoned without concern the latter. There was probably a time in the 1920s where Japan *could have* succesffully played the "anti-colonialism" card. But to do so there would have had to be a real commitment to local semi-autonomy in China and there would have been a real commitment to humane treatment of civilian populations.
Remeber that all nations at all times have military plans against even their closest allies ( ie. the US rainbow plans etc. )
Non sequitur. The existence of a contingency plan does not imply the intention or desire to implement that plan.
But honor and Face in 1940 meant all any nation up until that time would have gone to war in a flash
Baloney. The US for example was a model of tolerance. When the Japanese deliberately sank the Panay, an American naval vessel that was clearly marked as such, the US provided Japan with a graceful opportunity to make recompense, rather than simply pulling the trigger and going after Japan straight away. The reasons for that are many. However, for this discussion the significant point is that "pulling the trigger to save face" was NOT common.
I am not making excuses for what happened or excusing any behavior from War crimes to Crimes against humanity.
Yes, you quite literally are making excuses for what happened, although you seem to agree that it should not have happened. I'm not going to suspend moral judgement. By any standards -- 2008 or 1938, Japan's aggression and attempted genocide in China (and later, in the Phillippines during the occupation) was immoral and every Japanese citizen knew it before the first shot was fired.
Which gets us back to the bombing campaigns. They were horrible things to happen in a war, but they were necessary to stop Imperial Japan's murderous regime from slaughtering millions more of civilians in occupied lands -- not just China but in the Philippines, Indonesia, and Burma as well, and to bring an end to the war to stop the slaughter of interned war powers civilians and prisoners of war. The bombing campaigns were morally proper, fair, justified, appropriate, and necessary. And they could have been suspended at any time, the instant the Empire would surrender. The fact that it took 10 months after it was quite clear that Japan had no hope of winning simply further underscores the immorality of the Japanese government. What else could you call a philosophy built on the notion of sacrificing tens of millions of their own citizens just so that a few high ranking military leaders could in essence "feel good about dying."
< Message edited by mdiehl -- 3/5/2008 6:25:52 PM >
(in reply to ezzler)
ORIGINAL: sulla05
Well even all good intentions go awry. I will crawl into the sewer with you.
The problem is you keep saying that the Japanese crimes were OK because other countries, and to be fair you keep singling out the US, committed equally horrible crimes. I do not remember anything of the level of horror of the comfort women being perpetrated by other nations as policy so I use that to see if you can respond to “Well other nations enslaved women as policy solely for the enjoyment of men so everything Japan did was great in my book”. Sure even the United States did some ****ty things but nothing like that and nothing close to that in the 20th century. And not only was this accepted practice by the Japanese it was expected. When the Japanese surrendered they rounded up Japanese women to serve in brothels for the victors because it is what they would expect.
You may not realize this yet but I consider rape a very serious and disgusting crime.
You have frequently stated that the US crimes were equal to those of Japan which means you are accusing the US of a crime as serious as systematic enslavement and rape of women equal to the scale of the Japanese. This is of course untrue.
Why would they ban me? You are the one spreading lies.
What is your stance on comfort women? Did they deserve it?
< Message edited by ORANGE -- 3/5/2008 7:18:10 PM >
bradfordkay
From: Olympia, WA
Status: offline Sorry, Ike, but "Justice" Pal is not a source that most historians would consider reliable, what with his ties to the people whose trials he was presiding over. In fact, his inclusion in the trials goes to show just how far the allies were willing to travel in order to make those trials as fair as possible under the circumstances.
fair winds,
Status: offline "What is your stance on comfort women? Did they deserve it?"
"You may not realize this yet but I consider rape a very serious and disgusting crime."
So absolutely do I but unfortunately some nations have used it as a national/army policy against conquered people.
" You have frequently stated that the US crimes were equal to those of Japan which means you are accusing the US of a crime as serious as systematic enslavement and rape of women equal to the scale of the Japanese. This is of course untrue."
I believe I mentioned other nations also. If you want particulars, I mentioned the Belgians in the Congo and several times mentioned England and it's treatment of some of it's colonies and indigenous people. I have many American Indian friends who might take a different view of the US's treatment of it's indigenous population than you hold. All that was meant to say was that no nations history is unblemished. Being half Irish myself and remebering my grandmothers stories passed on about the famine, you can guess where I lean on that.
" Why would they ban me? You are the one spreading lies"
I'm not quite sure how to answer that one.
" Japan would not have been defenseless. "
Any nation in the world that relied on oil and had no resources of it's own would be defenseless in a given time.
" Baloney. The US for example was a model of tolerance. When the Japanese deliberately sank the Panay, an American naval vessel that was clearly marked as such, the US provided Japan with a graceful opportunity to make recompense, rather than simply pulling the trigger and going after Japan straight away. The reasons for that are many. However, for this discussion the significant point is that "pulling the trigger to save face" was NOT common."
I think you missed my line where I stated that the US was thinking toward the 21st century and that japan had barely ( if at all ) come out of feudalism.
"There would be such types indeed. But they would with virtual certainty not succeed. The US and UK are states that negotiate in good faith. The "21 Demands" were not made with the intention of negotiation. Cooler heads in Japan could easily have prevailed had anyone the moral or intellectual standing to note that Japan's security and economic strength would actually IMPROVE by letting go of China. But if one starts a war with the intent of genocide, then negotiations do not really matter because any negotiation results in the abandonment of the basic goal. "
I think you are confusing my scenario with a nation becoming defensless to going back in time and talking about a country commiting colonialism ( for a better term ). Nations have made just such demands on other nations plenty of times within the last two hundred years. The British with the Zulus, Austria-Hungary against Serbia among many others.
The other points are too many to list and counter without chewing up this whole forum. My view on what Japan did was that they were wrong and the crimes against humanity trials were totally justified. I do believe however that putting national leaders on trial for " aggression " was a totally new concept. Not bad, but something that many jurists world wide had some issues with.
I believe that some of you either have much more faith in the national figures and thinking in 1940 than I do. Or you do not understand how those nations acted like petulant children most of the time. Truthfully I do not see any difference in many nations ( NOT THE US ) thinking and policies between 1914 and 1940. True most were scared off by war but not because of clearer educated thinking, it was just fear of casualty lists.
I will make one other statement. I do believe that we are extremely lucky that science had not been more advanced in 1914-18. I believe that the European nations at war would have used anything to win that war. if they could have bombed as in WW2 thaey would have done it even more. If they could have gassed other countries they would have. They would have nuked each other and probably us right out of existence. So my thoughts are based on what I believe these countrys and ( and others, NOT THE US ) others would have done in 1918. You can see that I would have a hard time believing that 22 years would make made much of a difference to their actions.
(in reply to bradfordkay)
Sorry, Ike, but "Justice" Pal is not a source that most historians would consider reliable, what with his ties to the people whose trials he was presiding over. In fact, his inclusion in the trials goes to show just how far the allies were willing to travel in order to make those trials as fair as possible under the circumstances.
I´m not sure what you mean by Pal not being a reliable source for historians. He is not reliable for what?
But as far as the allies making the trial as fair as possible...In what way?
That was a victors court. Not a single judge was from a losing or neutral country. They could have had 3 axis judges, 3 allied judges and 5 judges from neutral nations. Or all the judges from neutral nations, 11 judges from switzerland, any combination of judges to be more ¨fair¨ and let the results fall where they fall.
There is nothing going to be ¨fair¨ when you have all judges from the victorious side in a war.
With cutting off Japans entire supply of oil, that was definately a hostile act. How can you cut off the entire supply of oil to any nation and not consider it hostile?
< Message edited by Ike99 -- 3/5/2008 9:56:23 PM >
I have many American Indian friends who might take a different view of the US's treatment of it's indigenous population than you hold.
And if they equated it with Japanese treatment of civilians in China or the PI, your "American Indian friends" would be incorrect. There are worlds of differences and equating the US policies towards Native Americans with Japanese policies towards captive civil populaces feels to me like a clear straw man comparison. You can find arguable one possible instance of attempted genocide as an official policy (during Andrew Jackson's Presidency), and of course you can find alot more garden variety injustice, but there's nothing in US treatment of Native Americans that rises to the same level of either intent or scale attempted by any of the Axis powers in WW2. Indeed, some of the worst injustices seem to in the US have been a consequence of fallacious reasoning. Without going into detail, there's reasons why 40 acres and a mule was not a good cookie cutter solution.
There are also plenty of NAIs who are rather pleased with the US bringing stability to a warring land. If you were a northern Plains NAs, especially if you were an Arikara, the arrival of US admin radically improved a rotten situation (owing to the bad boys of the high plains, the Blackfeet, predations on neighboring groups).
Baloney. I am aware of no trials in which the defendents get to appoint the judges. And yet one finds myriads of instances in which acquittals are made. The defendents in the Axis war crimes trials were convicted of their crimes because they were (a) guilty, (b) in violation of conventions that they had signed and (c) in violation of moral standards that they claimed to espouse. Nothing in traditional Japanese culture was consistent with the events in Nanking or Manila. The whole premise of the "co-prosperity sphere" and the anti-colonialism effort was to put a stop to things of that sort. The people committing these crimes knew what they were doing knew it was wrong and thought they could get away with it. It's as simple as that.
With cutting off Japans entire supply of oil, that was definately a hostile act.
Let's cut the Gordian Knot by dispensing with semantic doublespeak. Cutting off access to American oil (which was not in fact "Japan's entire supply of oil") was not a "hostile act" much less an act of war and therefore not a causus belli. Vis a vis war, hostile acts usually entail killing someone. The sinking of USS Panay was a hostile act. The attack on Pearl Harbor was a hostile act. Denying access to American oil was not a hostile act; no Japanese was in immediate or even long term threat of death or injury from lack of access to American oil. The only threat to Japan from that embargo was that operations in China would in a couple of years had to be suspended.
How can you cut off the entire supply of oil to any nation and not consider it hostile?
As noted, Japan was not cut off from oil. Furthermore, inasmuch as the embargo did of itself kill or injure no person, no one could accurately call it a "hostile act" much less a causus belli.
The Allies did not seek to prosecute as many Japanese as they could have. They hardly tried any. They went after those they considered the most egregious. They excluded the royal family. The allies asked for assistance from the Japanese who wanted many, many more Japanese than the allies tried as war criminals. The allies refused to do this.
Sure they COULD have had judges from the losing sides. Of course the Japanese COULD have not started a horrific and brutal war. The Japanese COULD have not raped women. The Japanese COULD not have partaken in cannibalism. The Japanese COULD have decried torture and brutality and held themselves to a higher standard.
Howe fair were these Japanese in the lands they conquered?
It is not hostile. It is passive. Harming people is hostile.
Status: offline "As noted, Japan was not cut off from oil"
I believe I have seen many times that the ABCD nations and the US acted jointly in the embargo. If I'm correct in that, then there would have been nowhere else to get oil. Manchuria has a limited supply but there was no infrastructure at all at the time. I also really doubt that stalin would have given them any, but he was stupid enought to give it to Germany so who knows. The amount that Japan relied on the formerly mentioned countries was I believe 90-95%, I've seen both #'s.
" And if they equated it with Japanese treatment of civilians in China or the PI, your "American Indian friends" would be incorrect "
I just read that the Arikara were so decimated by smallpox in the 1830's that they had to join with the Mandans and Hidatsa. Also at this time there are only 20 leaving elders that can speak their language.
I don't think the Crows, who would also fit as they were always US allies are any better off on their reservation than the Dakota.
Well I think your now dealing with semantics. I don't think it matters to a race that genocide and wholesale slaughter was government sponsored or not. I've never seen anything written from the Japanese that said they intended to wipe the Chinese off the face of the earth, such as nazi papers that state bluntly what the would do with the slavs. I'm not saying that it might not have happened, I just don't think it was a state goal. Most of the nations of the world felt the chinese ( no offence ) were lower than dirt and not even humans. Russians considered them " monkeys " and the colonial powers couldn't have cared if the coolie who drove them around yesterday died from starvation as long as a new coolie was here today.
It would be much like the " pogroms " of Czarist Russia against the Jews. Were they state sponsored, not really but everyone liked to join in on them.
" Denying access to American oil was not a hostile act; no Japanese was in immediate or even long term threat of death or injury from lack of access to American oil."
I understand completely that your point is that all the Japanese had to do was just cave in to all the Allies demands, leave China ( while some of the Allies still owned some of it ). Get out of Indochina and let the French keep it for themselves. Also some lesser points. Do you think that if the US were to make such demands on other countries they would just follow along? Lets say in a slightly different history shift the US determines that what England is doing in India is not right. Do you think England would just walked away? When all the world was against France being in Algeria in the 1960's! that they listened to anyone and left? Actually the French army tried to stage a coup at the very thought of leaving. Sounds familiar doesn't it. That is from a republican government at almost the end of the 20th century.
These are not to show that the Japanese were correct. These are to show that I believe you are naive in your thinking that the nations of the world take the high road. I believe that the US diplomats etc. were just as naive when dealing with Japan and later stalin. They could only conceive of their way of thinking and could not grasp the Japanese mind. Any idea that they could discuss the situation with the Japanese was idiotic on their part. So in a sense Pearl harbor can be laid right at their feet. Anyone who had sent demands as we did to a nation like Japan in 1940 and did not put it's armed forces on full alert or even wartime status was just plain wishing all would be well.
The only part where we differ is that you believe all the other nations of the world would or did act like we did at that point in time ( other than Japan, Germany, and Russia )
I condemn colonialism in all it's form. The treatment and killling of another nations citizens by another power in order for that other power to take control of natural or other resources is abominable. I don't care if it is 50 civilians or a million. So I don't pick and choose as you seem to do that this land grab was okay because not much happened or that this nation didn't kill that many civilians so it's ok. There will always be people who work with the invaders ( tories anyone ) and others that will spill their last drop of blood to remove them ( No Orange not 21st century or even 20th ). The Japanese ( them not me ) saw it as their heaven given right to have colonies just as England felt it was her God given right ( white mans burden etc. ). The US was the first nation to start to think that colonialism was bad and they were actually going to free all their colonies and bluntly told Churchill that they were not going to help him recreate the empire. But our thinking at that time was an abberation certainly not the norm.
" In 1845 it happened, the biggest fear hit Ireland and suddenly became reality. A disease attacked the potato crop and half of the crop was destroyed. People harvested the few potatoes they had and prayed that the next years crop would be an abundant one. But the crop of 1846 suffered even more than the previous year. To add to the misery, that winter was the "severest in living memory". When the 1847 crop failed also, the Irish population of the whole nation was faced with starvation. This is when the first wave of immigrants escaped their starving homeland. The majority of this first group went to Canada because prices were very low--ships bringing lumber to England were glad to receive paying passengers instead of returning to Canada empty. Unfortunately, many of these people carried typhoid and many other diseases with them on to Canada.
Ironically, during these tragic years it was only the potato crop that failed in Ireland. Wheat, oats, beef, mutton, pork, and poultry were all in excellent supply but the Irish-English landlords shipped these to the European continent to soften the starving there and receive a very good profit in return. When people today wonder about the hatred between the Irish and the English, they don't recognize the fact that Irish peoples memory is a long one and that stories are still being told about those ships leaving Irish ports loaded with food at the same time that their ancestors were eating grass to live. "
According to English sources 25% of the population died. Would that roughly be 75 to 100 million Chinese?
< Message edited by sulla05 -- 3/6/2008 4:55:25 AM >
ilovestrategy
From: San Diego
ORIGINAL: Charles_22
Just something of a guess here and definitely not definitive, but the Japanese had peace feelers through the USSR. I'm not sure what year that was going on, be that '44 or '45, but it was going on, and the USA decided to ignore it. I can't recall if they were asking for more, back then, than what they got or not.
Ok, I'm going to ask a REALLY stupid question. What exactly is a "peace feeler"? Is it a diplomat bringing up an idea or a proposal that is stictly verbal and not put on paper and not made official?
After 16 years, Civ II still has me in it's clutches LOL!!!
Now CIV IV has me in it's evil clutches!
(in reply to Charles_22)
Status: offline The Japanese had a nonaggression pact with the USSR since 1941 so they were on full diplomatic terms. They tried to get the soviets to find out exactly what terms the Allies wanted because they would not surrender unconditionally. Their main sticking point was the Emperor, they wanted assurance that he or the institution would not be touched. The soviets strung them along with lies until they were ready to launch their attack into Japanese held China, manchuria etc.. The russians and Chinese have always fought over their border and the soviets felt it was the perfect time to take whatever and as much territory as they wanted. The soviet adavance and how quick and how much land they took was one of the main reasons that strictly speaking we did offer terms to Japan. In order to stop communism and the crumbling of japanese society we did " off the books " agree to leave the Emperor inviolate. So that we could use Japan as a large military base against the soviets if needed and to help the Nationalist Chinese.
The Japanese in the government also were afraid for their lives if any wind of negotiations got out. So it was a strictly non paper proposal. They were qiute right to be worried. The 30's in Japan had been known as the " government by assasination " period. young officers who felt that any official who was not jingoist enough had to be killed because he was a traitor to the emperor.
I believe I have seen many times that the ABCD nations and the US acted jointly in the embargo. If I'm correct in that, then there would have been nowhere else to get oil.
This is the way I read it. They had negotiations with the Dutch for oil from the East Indies, but when the USA came down with the oil embargo the Dutch followed and cancelled everything.
As noted, Japan was not cut off from oil.
Who is this exporter of oil mdiehl your referring too?
Status: offline Let's see if the logic used here makes sense...
Serivce station owners Brown and Smith have been selling gas to the Simpson family for years. They are the only sources in the local area for gasoline. The Simpson's eldest son Charles decides that he needs a new home and takes over one belonging to the Johnson's, forcing the Johnson family to live in the barn (and raping their daughter Joyce in the bargain). The Browns and Smiths decide that they are no longer going to sell gas to the Simpsons unless Charles leaves the Johnson's house, and yet you guys are saying that it's the Browns and Smiths who are committing the hostile act?
pasternakski
ORIGINAL: bradfordkay
Let's see if the logic used here makes sense...
Do you have Joyce's phone number?
Put my faith in the people
And the people let me down.
So, I turned the other way,
And I carry on anyhow.
Status: offline I presume, sir, that you are merely planning to offer counseling services to the young lady...
(in reply to pasternakski)
Prince of Eckmühl
From: Texas
Status: offline I think what we've chanced upon here is the Japanese equivalent of a Western skinhead.
PoE (aka ivanmoe)
Government is the opiate of the masses.
Status: offline " Serivce station owners Brown and Smith have been selling gas to the Simpson family for years. They are the only sources in the local area for gasoline. The Simpson's eldest son Charles decides that he needs a new home and takes over one belonging to the Johnson's, forcing the Johnson family to live in the barn (and raping their daughter Joyce in the bargain). The Browns and Smiths decide that they are no longer going to sell gas to the Simpsons unless Charles leaves the Johnson's house, and yet you guys are saying that it's the Browns and Smiths who are committing the hostile act? "
I hope I'm not in that " you guys ".
Now to summarize my printed ideas using your analogy. I agree totally that the Simpsons are completely at fault and should be held accountable. Everything is as you said except for a few changes. The Smiths got their house by stealing it from a neighbor that is now chained in the yard and farming for them. All the other neighbors ( except the Browns ) got their houses that way and act all the time just like the Simpsons and Smiths, some are a bit better some are about the same in their actions. Now what would give the Browns the idea that the Simpsons would all of a sudden decide to turn over a new leaf, (especially seeing how the only neighbor that acts lawfully is the Browns ) by not selling them gas? One would assume that the Simpsons ( and most of their neighbors going by their track record ) would just attack the nearest gas station near them and take what they wanted?
I didn't like your analogy at first but it grew on me and it worked perfectly ( hopefully ) to make my ideas clear.
I think I'm finally getting the idea of posting on a forum. In my confusion in being brought up by other methods of communication I got it all wrong. A forum is not for an exchange of ideas ( as in a verbal forum ) but just a place to post your ideas and pretty much thats it. I also see that politicians over the last 40 years have really taught people things. If you don't want to discuss a persons ideas you just yell louder than them and assault their good names.
(in reply to Prince of Eckmühl)
French Indochina and also the USSR (with whom Japan had a nonaggression treaty). Notably NOT enough to keep Combinedfleet running for the duration, but with that (and coal from Manchuria and Korea) plenty to keep basic industry and domestic food production going.
That sounds ballpark correct. But the thing is smallpox was largely out of the control of the US government. Even the scratch method of inoculation was unavailable through the period when smallpox ran wild. While agreeing that smallpox was devastating, the evidence of intent and moreover that smallpox was a part and parcel of US expansionist policy is lacking. Thus, comparisons with Japanese treatment of Manchurians, Chinese, and Filipinos don't really work.
We were talking about genocide and murder of prisoners. Not injustice. No one has made the claim that NA were well-treated universally. I think there are some legitimate issues in re reservations. Ironically, the period in which the reservation concept most lived up to its Idealized State was when the US Army administered the reservations and, later, starting in the 1970s. But the biggest injustices have less to do with reservations than they do with sheer corruption and stupidity (the Dawes Act in particular). Fortunately now, at least, NA have much better control over their own economic desttiny. Casinos are no place I'd want to be, but the 1st nations are using them to good effect, although it is clear that many social problems persist.
Well I think your now dealing with semantics. I don't think it matters to a race that genocide and wholesale slaughter was government sponsored or not.
I'm not dealing with semantics. I'm dealing with intention and with foreseeable consequences. Smallpox was not understood very well until after its worst effects had swept through North America (most of which occurred before the United States existed as a political entity). In contrast, the effects of a beheading contest between Japanese infantry officers were rather predictable.
I've never seen anything written from the Japanese that said they intended to wipe the Chinese off the face of the earth,
Not in so many words. And yet as Iris Chang has noted IJA policy in Nanking (and other cities, Nanking was not the only one) was directed from the top down and that policy has been documented to the degree that one can (considering that the Japanese artfully burned documents and generally sanitized all records in re the Emperor, the cabinet, the generals, and orders to troops in the field). But there are literally dozens of documents and decrypted transmissions of Japanese orders to execute prisoners. So, it's not like there was any sense of Samurai morality at play there.
Most of the nations of the world felt the chinese ( no offence ) were lower than dirt and not even humans. Russians considered them " monkeys " and the colonial powers couldn't have cared if the coolie who drove them around yesterday died from starvation as long as a new coolie was here today
I do not think that claim is substantially supported by the data. Nor do I think it is universally true for the whole period of western colonialism in China (especially not after the 1st WW) and it is not specificallt true of US efforts in China (where the US never had a colony and in which US goals seem to have differed somewhat from others' goals).
I understand completely that your point is that all the Japanese had to do was just cave in to all the Allies demands, leave China ( while some of the Allies still owned some of it ).
Qua your claim that the west should have just "caved in" to Japanese demands to be allowed to continue the genocide. I don't really see how the US can come off OK in any analysis you would make. On the one hand the US was wrong to embargo oil. On the other hand, had the US not embargoed the oil, it would have been tantamount acquiescence to (if not actually abetting) Japanese injustices in China. The US took a moral position when it made the embargo. It was known by both the US and Japan to be the most moral position, but Japan did not like that position because it was inconvenient for their imperialistic agenda. We know that Japan knew that their conduct in China was immoral because their conduct was specifically in contradiction with their stated goals in the "Co-prosperity sphere" documents, their conduct was specifically contrary to Samurai traditions in regards to the treatment of noncombatants, and because they made a substantial effort to hide their conduct in the terminal days of the war by burning all evidence of same.
Do you think that if the US were to make such demands on other countries they would just follow along? Lets say in a slightly different history shift the US determines that what England is doing in India is not right. Do you think England would just walked away?
I do not think the UK would have attacked the US under such circumstances, because the UK did not do so during the American civil war. Isolation from southern cotton was a problem for the UK, but they turned to other sources by developing same, most notably India and Egypt.
They could only conceive of their way of thinking and could not grasp the Japanese mind.
The Japanese mindset was pretty well understood in summer 1941. Nonetheless, a time comes when responsible people don't abet genocide. I think there is more compelling evidence to indicate that the Japanese did not understand the Japanese mindset, since their behaviors were consistently in contradiction to the values they claimed to embrace.
Any idea that they could discuss the situation with the Japanese was idiotic on their part.
Ah. So since the Japanese were unwilling to negotiate in good faith or embrace their own stated values the west should have simply provided them with the desired resources to carry on as usual?
So in a sense Pearl harbor can be laid right at their feet.
Only in a very warped and immoral sense. It's a bit like blaming the rape of an attractive woman on the woman rather than the rapist. It was her fault for looking so tempting etc.
Anyone who had sent demands as we did to a nation like Japan in 1940 and did not put it's armed forces on full alert or even wartime status was just plain wishing all would be well.
Here we're off the topic of intention and onto the topic of preparedness. The US armed forces were in fact on alert. The alertness arrived about 24 hours too late though. PacFleet ordered on Dec 6 a full alert status to begin on Monday 8 Dec. because the decision to make the alert (late on Dec 6) would have been impossible to implement on Dec 7 with so many crews on leave. The US was rather lulled into a state of uncertainty by the fact that the Japanese made a pretense of negotiation until well after Mobile Force had sortied for it's attack on Pearl Harbor. Naive perhaps. That said, it remains true that:
1. The US made no form of aggression against Japan prior to Japan's attack.
2. Japan had no causus belli against the US.
3. Japan was in violation of all standards of morality (including their own) vis their policies in China beginning in 1936.
Status: offline "1. The US made no form of aggression against Japan prior to Japan's attack.
3. Japan was in violation of all standards of morality (including their own) vis their policies in China beginning in 1936. "
I NEVER said I believed the US made an aggressive move toward Japan. I said the Japanese believed it. You have again confused everything I said and also picked it apart so that it fits your arguments.
I NEVER said that the Western allies should have just caved in. I SAID it was foolish and damn near criminal to expect that they would. I NEVER said that because the we did not understand the Japanese mindset we should have not done what we did.
When I said we should have been prepared for war I did not mean at the last moment, I meant that the moment that we decided to use and " force " economic or whatever against Japan we ahould have expected them to attack us. Her whole history in warfare up to that point blares out " sneak attack ". had we not worried about Europe for 6 months and just beefed up all our forces and become semibelligerent it is very possible in my mind that they would have backed down. Contrary to after school specials you do not talk to a bully and straighten out your differences you smack him or at least make him understand that his actions will have consequences ( not economic ).
We are really in perfect agreement about what was right and wrong during 1940.
We differ in two areas, One, that the other nations of the world had grown up at all since 1918 and that it was okay for them to have colonies but not Japan or that some of them were not guilty of just as horrific acts. Whether state sponsored or just society. Two, that doing anything less than letting Japan know exactly what they were in store for if they attacked us or the ABCD nations. The Japanese mindset at the time was that we were weak and would not fight back. Which is probably why they NEVER really negotiated with us because they weren't ever going to, and assumed we would just drop our demands after awhile.
One thing I did say was that our cutting off of all oil from us and our allies was going to leave them defenseless in 6 months to a year. Those are Japanese estimates written up at that time. Even if they are wrong they are the #'s THEY believed.The Japanese could have stopped everything had they listened to reason in 1940. But, in my eyes only St. Francis could have expected such a scenario with his eyes open. I never said we should not have done it. If you are going to stick a stick into a wasps nest with one hand you had better have a can of raid in the other. I still believe that any nation that considers itself to be or is actually becoming defenseless will do anything in the end to avert this. I never said they would be blameless but they will still do it.
You seem to have always missed where I said the Japanese believed this or they believed or thought that and took it as my thinking.
" Most of the nations of the world felt the chinese ( no offence ) were lower than dirt and not even humans. Russians considered them " monkeys " and the colonial powers couldn't have cared if the coolie who drove them around yesterday died from starvation as long as a new coolie was here today "
I never mentioned the US as having anything like an attitude like this with China, we have always had a soft spot for her. But I don't know what " data " you can gather about one civilizations hatred and revulsion of another. These are attitudes and thoughts taken right out of diplomats and others writings and spoken words let alone other colonials.
As far as the NAI's being from New England probably skews my thinking having only the history of this area right in my face. The Europeans here did have a policy of extermination toward the NAI's and it was state sponsored. The written orders and a mass of other evidence shows this is true.
The Samurai traditions that you speak about are all correct.But, the twisted late 19th early 20th century form of bushido had nothing but a slight resemblane to the older tradition. The warped tradition that they were being taught were as you said completely contrary to what some of the older tradition was formed of. The only problem is that the warped one is the one we had to deal with.
I still say you are looking at this time period with rose colored glasses. You are under the impression that just because some people in other countries held the same view as the US government that their governments did. I believe this is totally wrong and to prove it I showed the example of Algeria almost 20 years after WW2, that is one example there are plenty more.
< Message edited by sulla05 -- 3/7/2008 12:56:57 AM >
I don't think the evidence supports your denial. I haven't cherry picked your argument. You said:
So what's the difference from an "aggressive move" and a "hostile act" when in your rationale either seems to justify a military attack by Japan? You have equated embargo with attack.
I NEVER said that the Western allies should have just caved in. I SAID it was foolish and damn near criminal to expect that they would.
Well, you have repeatedly indicated that the West forced Japan to attack and laid the responsibility for the Japanese attack on the US for the US use of an embargo. I don't think I've misunderstood your claim. It seems pretty clear that you believe that one could (now or then) reasonably construe a non-military action (the oil embargo) as the equivalent of an attack (or a "hostile act" or a non-"aggressive move") that warranted (in your mind) or could be perceived to warrant (in Japan's mind in your clarified argument) an attack on the United States. The thing is, NO ONE in 1941 would have treated that as a causus belli other than an expansionist totalitarian power discomfited by limitations on global ambition.
When I said we should have been prepared for war I did not mean at the last moment, I meant that the moment that we decided to use and " force " economic or whatever against Japan we ahould have expected them to attack us.
This is a legitimate complaint I think, but you have to bear in mind that the US was in fact preparing for war. It's not the sort of thing that can happen overnight, however. For example, in 1939 the USAAF was smaller than the Rumanian Air Force. In 1939, the United States had fewer mobilized trained infantry divisions than Czechoslovakia, and fewer armored corps than Poland. In 1939 the US was a third rate military power with an underdeveloped 1st rate navy.
If your claim is that the US should have foresworn any economic sanctions until 1943 then that is one point of view, but not necessarily an action that would in the long run have benefitted the US and it would certainly have harmed China. For my part I do think the US took reasonable precautions, given the amount of intel available on what Japan was actually doing at the time.
That's the thing about "the initiative" -- if you KNOW that you are GOING to imminently attack and your opponent does not have substantial reason to believe same (esp. if you're doing a good job at sham negotiations) then you've got the clear upper hand.
Contrary to after school specials you do not talk to a bully and straighten out your differences you smack him or at least make him understand that his actions will have consequences ( not economic ).
That model has not played-out so well on the international stage for the US since 2003.
One thing I did say was that our cutting off of all oil from us and our allies was going to leave them defenseless in 6 months to a year. Those are Japanese estimates written up at that time. Even if they are wrong they are the #'s THEY believed. The Japanese could have stopped everything had they listened to reason in 1940. But, in my eyes only St. Francis could have expected such a scenario with his eyes open. I never said we should not have done it. If you are going to stick a stick into a wasps nest with one hand you had better have a can of raid in the other.
Hmm. Well, sure, the Japanese believed it, and they got petulent when denied resources (by Russia in 1903, China in the 1920s, the USSR in 1939, and later by the US) that they felt the were owed by right. And yeah, it would have been nice if the US could have started the war with Japan at its convenience. But that's never something that the US or any other one power could control, and given US demobilized state in 1939 the US strategic position was not incorrectly perceived by the Roosevelt admin. Put another way, playing for time by declaring an embargo was more likely to be useful to the US than an immediate attack on Japan. It was the best move at the time.
I really do not agree with your claim. Both Britain and France during the American colonial period had genocide of each other rather more foregrounded than genocide of the Native Americans. Certainly smallpox was way beyond the control of 16th-mid19thC. Britain. Moreover, inasmuch as neither France, Netherlands, Britain or Spain had diddly to do with United States "Indian policy" I can't see how British, Spanish, Dutch, or French intentions bear on US intentions. I know a few New England NAs myself, being from New England and all. The Passamaquoddy and Penobscot are still there and own a good chunk of the state of Maine. Had the United States intended otherwise, they'd not be there now.
Yes yes. My point is that Japanese propaganda and literature from the 1930s and 1940s speak of the old Samurai traditions including benevolence towards noncombatants and justice etc such that we may now reasonably surmise that Imperial Japan in the 1930s knew damn well what was "moral conduct" but simply refused to try to behave morally. You keep wanting to bring it back to how the Japanese viewed the situation. Fine. Their own documents demonstrate that by their own standards their own conduct in China (and later in the PI, Indonesia, and Malaya) was immoral.
Status: offline NO ONE IN 1941 WOULD HAVE TREATED THAT AS A CAUSUS BELLI...
It was a terrific fight but mdiehl has won on points.
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- - - Mods and Scenarios - - - - - - The War Room - - - - - - Opponents Wanted - - - - Commander - The Great War - - - - - - Tech Support - - - - - - After Action Reports - - - - - - Mods and Scenarios - - - - - - The War Room - - - - - - Opponents Wanted - - [World War II] - - - - Achtung Panzer Operation Star - - - - - - Tech Support - - - - - - After Action Reports - - - - - - Mods and Operations - - - - - - The War Room - - - - Across the Dnepr - Second Edition - - - - - - Tech Support - - - - - - After Action Reports - - - - - - The War Room - - - - - - Design and Modding - - - - Battle of Britain 2: Wings of Victory - - - - - - Tech Support - - - - Battlefront - - - - - - Battlefront Support - - - - - - After Action Reports - - - - - - Opponents Wanted - - - - - - Scenario Design and Editing - - - - Carriers At War - - - - - - Carriers at War Support - - - - - - After Action Reports - - - - - - Opponents Wanted - - - - - - Mods and Scenarios - - - - Combat Command Series - - - - - - Tech Support - - - - - - After Action Reports - - - - - - Mods and Scenarios - - - - - - The War Room - - - - - - Opponents Wanted - - - - Commander - Europe at War Gold - - - - - - Tech Support - - - - - - Mods and Scenarios - - - - - - After Action Reports - - - - - - Opponents Wanted - - - - - - The War Room - - - - Decisive Battles: Battles In Italy - - - - - - Battles In Italy Support - - - - - - After Action Reports - - - - - - Opponents Wanted - - - - - - Scenario Design and Editing - - - - Decisive Battles: Battles in Normandy - - - - - - Battles In Normandy Support - - - - - - After Action Reports - - - - - - Opponents Wanted - - - - - - Scenario Design and Editing - - - - Decisive Battles: Korsun Pocket - - - - - - Opponents wanted - - - - - - Korsun Pocket Support - - - - - - The War Room - - - - - - After Action Reports - - - - España: 1936 - - - - - - Tech Support - - - - - - After Action Report - - - - - - Mods and Scenarios - - - - - - The War Room - - - - - - Opponents Wanted - - - - Gary Grigsby's Eagle Day to Bombing the Reich - - - - - - Tech Support - - - - - - After Action Reports - - - - - - The War Room - - - - - - Opponents Wanted - - - - - - Scenarios and Modding - - - - Gary Grigsby's World at War: A World Divided - - - - - - Gary Grigsby's World at War - A World Divided - Support - - - - - - After Action Reports - - - - - - The War Room - - - - - - Mods and Scenarios - - - - - - Opponents Wanted - - - - - - Limited Public Beta Feedback - - - - Germany at War: Barbarossa 1941 - - - - - - Tech Support - - - - - - After Action Reports - - - - - - Mods and Scenarios - - - - - - The War Room - - - - - - Opponents Wanted - - - - John Tiller's Campaign Series - - - - - - John Tiller’s Campaign Series Support - - - - - - After Action Reports - - - - - - Opponents Wanted - - - - - - Mods and Scenarios - - - - Kharkov: Disaster on the Donets - - - - - - Tech Support - - - - - - Mods and Scenarios - - - - - - The War Room - - - - - - Opponents Wanted - - - - - - After Action Reports - - - - Legends of War - - - - - - Tech Support - - - - - - After Action Reports - - - - - - The War Room - - - - - - Opponents Wanted - - - - Lock ‘n Load: Heroes of Stalingrad - - - - - - Tech Support - - - - - - After Action Reports - - - - - - The War Room - - - - - - Opponents Wanted - - - - - - Mods and Scenarios - - - - Making History II: The War of the World - - - - - - Tech Support - - - - - - Mods and Scenarios - - - - - - After Action Reports - - - - - - The War Room - - - - - - Opponents Wanted - - - - Norm Koger's The Operational Art Of War III - - - - - - TOAW III Support - - - - - - After Action Reports - - - - - - Opponents Wanted - - - - - - The War Room - - - - - - Scenario Design - - - - - - Public Beta Feedback - - - - Officers - The Matrix Edition - - - - - - Tech Support - - - - - - After Action Reports - - - - - - The War Room - - - - - - Opponents Wanted - - - - - - Scenario Design and Modding - - - - Operation Barbarossa: The Struggle for Russia - - - - - - Tech Support - - - - - - After Action Reports - - - - - - The War Room - - - - - - Opponents Wanted - - - - - - Scenario Design and Modding - - - - Panzer Command: Ostfront - - - - - - Tech Support - - - - - - After Action Reports - - - - - - Scenarios and Campaigns - - - - - - Maps, Models and Mods - - - - - - The War Room - - - - - - Opponents Wanted - - - - Piercing Fortress Europa - - - - - - Tech Support - - - - - - After Action Reports - - - - - - The War Room - - - - - - Opponents Wanted - - - - - - Mods and Scenarios - - - - Steel Panthers World At War & Mega Campaigns - - - - - - SPWaW Thread Hall of Fame - - - - - - SP:WaW Training Center - - - - - - Mega-Campaigns for SP:WaW - - - - - - SP:WaW Scenarios/Campaigns - - - - - - SP:WaW Opponents Wanted - - - - - - SPWaW AAR/DAR - - - - Storm over the Pacific - - - - - - Tech Support - - - - - - The War Room - - - - - - Mods and Scenarios - - - - - - After Action Reports - - - - - - Opponents Wanted - - - - Strategic War in Europe - - - - - - Tech Support - - - - - - After Action Reports - - - - - - Mods and Scenarios - - - - - - The War Room - - - - - - Opponents Wanted - - - - Team Assault: Baptism of Fire - - - - - - Tech Support - - - - - - After Action Reports - - - - - - Mods and Scenarios - - - - - - The War Room - - - - - - Opponents Wanted - - - - Time of Fury - - - - - - Tech Support - - - - - - After Action Reports - - - - - - The War Room - - - - - - Design and Modding - - - - - - Opponents Wanted - - - - Uncommon Valor - Campaign for the South Pacific - - - - - - Opponents wanted - - - - - - After Action Reports - - - - - - The War Room - - - - - - Tech Support - - - - Unity of Command Series - - - - - - Tech Support - - - - - - After Action Reports - - - - - - The War Room - - - - - - Design and Modding - - - - - - Opponents Wanted - - - - War In The Pacific - Struggle Against Japan 1941 - 1945 - - - - - - Tech Support - - - - - - After Action Reports - - - - - - The War Room - - - - - - Opponents wanted - - - - - - Scenario Design - - - - World War II: General Commander - - - - - - Tech Support - - - - - - After Action Reports - - - - - - Mods and Scenarios - - - - - - The War Room - - - - - - Opponents Wanted - - - - WW2: Road to Victory - - - - - - Tech Support - - - - - - Mods and Scenarios - - - - - - The War Room - - - - - - After Action Reports - - - - WW2: Time of Wrath - - - - - - Tech Support - - - - - - Scenarios and Mods - - - - - - The War Room - - - - - - After Action Reports - - - - - - Opponents Wanted - - - - Frontline Series - - - - - - Tech Support - - - - - - After Action Reports - - - - - - Mods and Scenarios - - - - - - The War Room - - [Modern] - - - - Democracy - - - - - - Tech Support - - - - FlashPoint Germany - - - - - - Flashpoint Germany Support - - - - - - After Action Reports - - - - - - Opponents Wanted - - - - - - Scenario Design and Editing - - - - Frozen Synapse - - - - - - Tech Support - - - - - - After Action Reports - - - - - - The War Room - - - - Harpoon 3 - Advanced Naval Warfare - - - - - - Harpoon 3 ANW Support - - - - - - After Action Reports - - - - - - Opponents Wanted - - - - - - Scenario Design and Modding - - - - Hired Guns: The Jagged Edge - - - - - - Tech Support - - - - - - The War Room - - - - - - Mods - - - - - - After Action Reports - - - - Hornet Leader PC - - - - - - Hornet Leader PC Support - - - - - - After Action Reports - - - - - - Opponents Wanted - - - - Larry Bond's Harpoon - Commander's Edition - - - - - - Tech Support - - - - - - After Action Reports - - - - - - Mods and Scenarios - - - - Larry Bond's Harpoon - Ultimate Edition - - - - - - Tech Support - - - - - - After Action Reports - - - - - - The War Room - - - - - - Opponents Wanted - - - - - - ANW / Legacy Database and Scenarios - - - - - - H3 Database and Scenarios - - - - - - HC Databases and Scenarios - - - - - - Game Mods - - [Science Fiction] - - - - Smugglers IV - Doomsday - - - - - - Tech Support - - - - - - After Action Reports - - - - Starships Unlimited v3 - - - - - - Tech Support - - - - Star Sentinel Tactics - - - - - - Tech Support - - - - - - Mods and Scenarios - - - - - - The War Room - - - - - - After Action Reports - - - - Armada 2526 Series - - - - - - Tech Support - - - - - - After Action Reports - - - - - - The War Room - - - - - - Scenario Design and Modding - - - - AI War Alien Bundle - - - - - - Tech Support - - - - - - After Action Reports - - - - - - The War Room - - - - - - Mods and Scenarios - - - - - - Opponents Wanted - - [Sports] - - - - Maximum-Football 2.0 - - - - - - Maximum-Football Support - - - - - - Public Beta Forum - - - - - - Play Development System (PDS) - - - - - - Graphics Related - - - - - - Rules - - - - - - Suggestions / Wishlist - - - - - - Online Leagues - - - - - - 3rd Party Developers Area - - - - - - The Red Zone! - - - - PureSim Baseball - - - - - - Tech Support - - - - - - Opponents Wanted - - - - - - The Locker - - - - - - - - Multi-player Leagues - - - - - - 3rd Party Add-ons Area - - - - - - Public Beta Feedback - - [Discontinued Games] - - - - Banzai!, Case Blue, The Last Days IL2 Expansion Packs - - - - - - BZ, CB, TLD & OPB Add-Ons Support - - - - Battleground Europe: WWII Online - - - - Blitzkrieg: War in Europe 1939-1945 - - - - - - Blitzkrieg Support - - - - Gary Grigsby's World at War - - - - - - Gary Grigsby's World at War - Support - - - - - - After Action Reports - - - - - - The War Room - - - - - - Opponents Wanted - - - - - - Mods and Scenarios - - - - - - GGWaW Ladder - - - - - - Limited Public Beta Feedback - - - - I of the Enemy - - - - - - I of the Enemy Support - - - - Reach For The Stars - - - - - - Tech Support - - - - Starshatter: The Gathering Storm - - - - - - Tech Support - - - - - - After Action Reports - - - - - - Starshatter Modding Forum - - - - - - Opponents wanted - - - - Supremacy: Four Paths To Power - - - - - - Tech Support - - - - UFO: Extraterrestrials - - - - - - UFO: Extraterrestrials Support - - - - - - After Action Reports - - - - - - Mods and Tweaks - - - - - - The War Room - - - - Panzer Command: Kharkov - - - - - - Tech Support - - - - - - After Action Reports - - - - - - Scenarios and Campaigns - - - - - - Maps, Models and Mods - - - - - - The War Room - - - - - - Opponents Wanted - - - - Panzer Command: Operation Winter Storm - - - - - - Panzer Command Support - - - - - - After Action Reports - - - - - - Opponents Wanted - - - - - - Scenario Design and Modding - - - - Command Ops Series - - - - - - Tech Support - - - - - - The War Room - - - - - - Mods and Scenarios - - - - - - After Action Reports - - - - - - Opponents Wanted - - - - Conquest of the Aegean - - - - - - Conquest of the Aegean Support - - - - - - After Action Reports - - - - - - Opponents Wanted - - - - - - Scenario Design and Modding - - - - - - Panther War College - - - - Highway to the Reich - - - - - - Highway to the Reich Support - - - - - - After Action Reports [HTTR] - - - - - - Scenario Design & Modding [HTTR] [Classic (Free) Games] - - Pacific War: The Matrix Edition - 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The Speakers Bureau provides provides trainings, presentations, and panel discussions to non-Muslim audiences in Connecticut. We have been privileged to engage houses of worship, libraries, community centers, educational institutions, hospitals, and state agencies in these conversations. Some of the topics we've covered have included: "Introduction to Islamic beliefs and Practices", "Women in Islam", "Shariah in Islam", "Jihad in Islam", "Democracy and Islam", among others. These speaking engagements are conducted throughout the year.
To request a speaker, please go to the "Request A Speaker" tab or click here to be re-directed.
Taste of Ramadan
Every year, as part of an interfaith dinner program, the Muslim Coalition of Connecticut (MCCT) hosts a free educational program during the holy month of Ramadan, inviting religious leaders of Abrahamic faiths (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam) for a night of knowledge, discussion, and sharing a meal.
Leadership Banquet
MCCT hosts an annual Leadership Banquet to award both community members and partners that have exemplified leadership in an area of importance to the Muslim and Interfaith community in Connecticut. Past Leadership Banquet themes have included "Refugee Experience", "Creating Safe Communities", "Higher Education", "Healthcare", and "Environmental Issues", among others.
Shelter Serve
On the first Saturday of each month, the Muslim Coalition of Connecticut coordinates a food shelter serve in Hartford. Volunteers cook, prepare, and serve food to the homeless population.
Habitat for Humanity Builds
MCCT participates in Habitat for Humanity Builds, making affordable housing a reality for low income Hartford residents. Our group participates 4-6 times a year with Habitat for Humanity.
The Muslim Coalition of Connecticut participates in the annual National Day of Service by hosting various drives to collect clothes, towels, and other toiletries for those in need. Every year we work with multiple community collaborators to collect and distribute over 700 towels to local Hartford shelters.
Muslims Against Hunger
Over two hundred Muslims from across Connecticut come together each year to participate in Foodshare's annual Walk Against Hunger. Our team (Muslims Against Hunger) raises money before and during the walk, averaging over $5000 in donations each year—money which goes towards feeding the needy in the local community. Before the walk starts, we also participate in Foodshare's Interfaith prayer.
Eid Carnival
Every year, the Eid Carnival brings together the Muslim community in celebration of Eid Ul-Fitr, the holiday marking the end of Ramadan, the month of Fasting. Over 1,500 Muslims from CT and neighboring states celebrate Eid Ul-Fitr at Lake Compounce in Bristol, CT each year.
Women's Evening of Fitness and Relaxation
Twice a year, the Newington Health Trax is reserved after hours for a women's night of relaxation, spa, and socialization. We rent the facility to be used as a space for women to feel comfortable swimming in the pool and enjoying themselves while utilizing other services at an affordable price.
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JERUSALEM ADVERTISEMENT
Cold War veterans want exemption
JERUSALEM—The possibility of property tax exemptions for Cold War veterans was raised during the meeting of the Jerusalem town board on Wednesday, Nov. 17. Earlier this month the Village Board in Dundee was also approached with the same request.
Town resident Phillip Hanna Sr. brought the request to the board. The main question asked by board members was that they would like to know more about the potential impact on town taxes. Supervisor Daryl Jones said the town had discussed a tax exemption in 2008. His feeling is that a veteran is a veteran. One unknown is the number that could potentially take advantage of the exemption. Yates County Veteran’s Services Director P. Earle Gleason said it is hard to get numbers. Cold War veterans do not usually contact his office for services.
Councilman Ray Stewart said he was in when war was declared. He said, “I think you should be treated the same.” Jones said he would like to know if other municipalities are discussing this type of exemption. He suggested publicity would help learn how many Cold War veterans might live in the town. Yates County Legislator Douglas Paddock told the board the municipality does not lose the tax when an exemption is granted. It is spread among the rest of residents.
In other business: The board heard updates on the issue of hydrofracking. This is the process of extracting gas from the ground using water pressure injected into the ground. There are two groups in the county studying the issue. Jones urged the groups to work together and provide a single report to the town board.
• Councilman Neil Simmons said he attended a meeting on workman’s compensation. Yates County has its own workman’s compensation group. Simmons said the big share of the premium is based on assessments. Simmons said he disagreed with that basis. Jerusalem has 21 miles of lakefront and $650 million in assessments. The premium is part of the Yates County tax and is applied when the tax bill goes out. The town’s cost is $70,000. Simmons said he asked Legislature Chairman Taylor Fitch if the town could get out of the county program. Fitch said the program, which began in 1956, was based on spreading the risk among municipalities. Jerusalem has had a low average cost per year for claims. Fitch said there may be a meeting with municipalities on the issue. He said, “We will try to get something everyone can agree on.”
• The Route 54A subcommittee has met on zoning. Stewart said the planning board would like a public meeting regarding the proposal. A meeting has been tentatively scheduled Dec. 19 at the Modeste Bedient Library. Input will be sought from residents and the general community. Simmons suggested the town spend money on postage to send a letter to the people on the corridor. He said that would eliminate people saying they did not know about it.
• Public hearing on the proposed dog license law will be at 7 p.m. Wednesday, Dec. 15.
The next meeting of the Jerusalem Town Board will be at 7 p.m. Wednesday, Dec. 15 in the town hall on Italy Hill Road.
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Accueil de l'OCDE Direction des affaires financières et des entreprisesMarchés financiers, assurance et pensionsPensions privéesPension Regulation
Pensions privées
Corruption dans les marchés internationaux
Gouvernance d'entreprises
Marchés financiers, assurance et pensions
Éducation financière
Gestion de la dette publique
Investissement international
Pension Regulation
Private schemes and operators are playing a growing role in pension systems. This trend is likely to intensify in future years as governments come to face the consequences of ageing populations on their public pension systems. Already in most OECD countries private schemes play an important role as complements to the public system, whether in the form of occupational or personal pension plans.
The Insurance Committee has discussed private pensions issues for years. This is not surprising in consideration of the role of insurance companies in the second and third pillars. Recently, the Committee decided to strengthen substantially its work in this area. In this respect, a new Working Party composed from regulatory and supervisory authorities in charge of private pensions, as well as representatives from the pensions industry, was created in 1998.
A huge programme of work was approved in June 1999. The OECD is expected to considerably expand its activities in the private pensions field, thanks also to several voluntary contributions provided by Member countries. The Group of governmental experts on insurance solvency will supplement this work with an analysis of related solvency systems. The Joint group CMIT/Insurance Committee also recently addressed the issue of investment abroad by insurance companies and pension funds.
The Working Party on private pensions will conduct its work in close co-operation with:
the Committee on Financial Markets through a follow-up project "pension reform and financial markets" launched in relation with the OECD horizontal project on ageing populations.
the Directorate for Education, Employment, Labour and Social Affairs, which whom a Joint project on "retirement income systems" is ongoing.
The Working Party has also undertaken policy dialogue with Non-Member countries on private pension issues. As part of this effort, the First OECD Forum on Private Pensions was organised in Prague in April 2000. At this occasion, representatives from regulatory agencies and relevant ministries from member and non-member countries participating in the meeting agreed to establish an International Network of Pensions Regulators and Supervisors. The aim of this Network will be to serve as a forum for policy dialogue and cooperation on regulatory and financial issues related to pensions.
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NAOC
To promote peace, prosperity and security through knowledge and understanding of the importance of NATO
Dr Robert M. Cutler
Canada’s NATO
Centre For Disinformation Studies
Cyber Security and Information Warfare
Emerging Security
NATO Operations
Security, Trade, and the Economy
Society, Culture, and Security
Editors’ Forum
NATOSim 2019
Venue and Itinerary
Delegate Resources
Committees 2019
Special Report: The Three Bangles of Indian Strategy
Disinformation and the Upcoming Federal Election: An Interview
An Insight into the Canadian Training Assistance Team (CTAT-L) in Lebanon Through Captain Mike Wonnacott
What’s Old is New: Considering Canadian Participation in Ballistic Missile Defence
Insights from “New Perspectives on Shared Security”
Special Report on Defence Policy Pt 5/5: Examining the CA
Canadian Armed Forces, Ian Pelekis, Touraj Riazi October 23, 2017November 19, 2017 Touraj Riazi
Ian Pelekis, a Director of the Canadian Centre for Strategic Studies, is an acting collaborator with NAOC on this special report on the Defence Policy.
Geography has elevated the Canadian Army (CA) to a vital component of Canada’s ability to project force and participate in multilateral operations with global allies. Separation from the Eurasian landmass and Canada’s interests in engaging with it force the army to maintain capabilities both numerically and technically on par with allies if engagement is to be continued. This final part of the special report on the Defence Policy will test the policy’s claim that it provides the CAF with “the force size and equipment required to achieve excellence across the full spectrum of military operations, from humanitarian assistance and disaster relief, to peacekeeping, to combat” in the context of the CA.
The policy emphasizes that CAF deployments will almost always occur in tandem with allies, and procurement programs across all branches of the Canadian military are geared towards integration and interoperability with allies. The current size of the CAF will be increased by 3,500 personnel to a total of 71, 500, allowing for “critical investments” in identified areas of interest including space, cyber, intelligence, and targeting- the CA stands to derive minute benefits from this additional manpower. To best prepare for ongoing and future missions the CA will retain its current organization into brigades since it is “the minimum level” at which the CA can conduct joint campaigns. Unlike the air force and navy, there is no single attention grabbing procurement project for the army. Indeed, future procurement projects are seemingly tailored towards the objective of integrating the CA with allies and the rest of the CAF. In the absence of any immediately foreseeable scenario where the CA will act in a unilateral capacity, it is understandable why Canada, which enjoys designating the CA as a disaster relief force throughout the policy, is unable or unwilling to pursue serious war-fighting capabilities on land. Given the convoluted nature of Canada’s history of procurement and acquisition, the state of the CA bears heavily for any unforeseeable future circumstances which might place heavy demands on the CA.
Instruments fundamental to the CA’s future effectiveness as a combat-ready force are identified by the policy to include command, control and communications (C3) systems, night vision systems, and logistic vehicle fleets. This apparently will not prevent Canada from ‘pursuing’ investments in war-fighting capabilities. The policy highlights anti-tank guided missile systems and a ground-based air defence system as equipment whose acquisition might be ‘pursued’. As of this writing there are no concrete indications of how these pursuits will manifest into procurement and acquisition projects. Other pursuits, tailored toward intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance (ISR) and C4ISR capabilities (see for example the tender for a Land C4ISR support system reflective of the general direction the CA is heading in), are less abstract yet still problematic. Even these objectives and possible acquisitions are stated by the policy in terms broad enough to prevent any serious attempt to examine the implications of Canada’s interest in ISR and C4ISR capabilities and their integration into the CA. The broadness of these objectives is reflective of the (publicly available) current status of any concrete programs to acquire and develop such capabilities.
Investments in space and C4ISR will form an important part of Canada’s ability to protect its interests in a fast approaching future but these developments do not completely diminish the importance of more traditional war-fighting capabilities. Canada only last month completed its decade long project to replace its Leopard 1 with an upgraded Leopard 2 fleet (close out date is projected to be December 2017); it is little over half way through completing its procurement of 500 Tactical Armoured Patrol Vehicles (TAPV); and, it has decided to cancel the procurement of a Close Combat Vehicle (CCV). Interestingly, the decision to cancel the CCVs, in 2013, was justified by a revelation that Canada’s upgraded Light Armoured Vehicle was more superior than “originally envisioned” as well as “considerable” supplementary investments in ISR. In the context of a Defence Policy seeking to utilize the CAF mostly in peacekeeping or disaster relief operations, the status of CA procurement projects make clear that Canada is reorienting the CAF to move away from expeditionary combat missions. Despite committing to alliance obligations through statements such as Canada will maintain “high-quality, interoperable, and expeditionary forces” to deploy “as needed” it is difficult to envision how Canada will do so on the basis of projections by the policy.
Canada has certainly sought to convey an image to the international community of a country that meets it commitments and plays its part. This is best exemplified by Canada’s participation in NATO’s Enhanced Forward Presence (EFP) as one of the four main country battle groups in Europe. Canada’s concurrent involvement in Operation Impact in the Middle East is further demonstrative of this. It is undeniable, however, that the 2017 Defence Policy has acknowledged that Canada’s air and maritime necessities can only be met at the expense of its land forces. Canada’s navy and air force are in themselves sufficient means by which Canada can contribute to multilateral operations without requiring a ground combat force capable of expeditionary missions. The $8.8 billion CAD allocated by the policy to new (future not ongoing) army procurement projects is overshadowed by the $20.1 billion CAD allocated to the air force. The navy is only (misleadingly) allocated $2.9 billion but this is only in an arbitrary 20 year time frame where the major procurement project (15 surface combatants) will impose more costs than the creative accounting methods the policy employs (discussed in part two) reveal.
Ultimately, the strength of a nation’s army is made relevant and contingent upon the political objectives of that nation. If Canada determines that the CAF’s future role will be limited mostly to peacekeeping and disaster relief operations, investments in other areas such as C4ISR and space to substitute instead of supplement the capabilities of the CA become more understandable. Even then, this would place additional burdens on the air force and navy to contribute more heavily in multilateral operations with allies should Canada continue to uphold its image as a country that ‘plays it part’. Whether Canada should determine that peacekeeping and disaster relief will be the primary cause of the CA’s deployment is an entirely separate question.
Photo: Canadian soldiers partaking in the 50th UNITAS exercises (2009) a multi-national exercise intended to increase interoperability amongst allies via Wikimedia Commons.
Disclaimer: Any views or opinions expressed in articles are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the NATO Association of Canada.
army, Canada, defence policy, humanitarian missions, integration, interoperability, Peace keeping
About Touraj Riazi
Born in Kuwait, Touraj made Montréal his permanent home in 2012, where he began and completed a B.A. in Political Science at Concordia. He is continuing his education by pursuing a M.A. at Sciences Po in Paris, beginning September 2018. After a successful stint in France, he will undertake a JD at the University of Toronto with the final objective of working for a major Canadian law firm that specializes in corporate, business, finance and banking law. Touraj presently serves the NAOC as a Research Analyst. He is the former Program Editor for the NATO’s International Arc of Crisis section and simultaneously served as a Project Manager and Event Coordinator. Touraj is also a current Director at the Canadian Center for Strategic Studies (CCSS), a recently established and rapidly expanding think tank, where he concurrently serves as one of the Editors in Chief. Previously, he was also a Project Coordinator and Website Manager for the Canadian Turkish Business Council. He can be contacted at touraj.riazi@natoassociation.ca View all posts by Touraj Riazi →
Canada’s Participation in NATO’s Enhanced Forward Presence
Introducing Lee Chang-sung: A Visiting Scholar from the South Korean Ministry of Unification
Tweets by @NATOCanada
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NATO Association of Canada (NAOC) is an independent non-governmental organization established to foster a better understanding of goals of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and Canada’s role in NATO. While independent from NATO, and not funded by NATO, it utilizes its strong relationships with governments and international organizations to facilitate awareness and understanding of foreign affairs and Canada’s participation in global security. The views expressed by the NATO Association of Canada may not reflect the views of NATO.
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Q&A: Nicholas Daly
Nicholas Daly is Professor of Modern English and American Literature at University College Dublin, and a member of the Royal Irish Academy. His publications include the books Modernism, Romance, and the Fin de Siècle (1999), Literature, Technology and Modernity(2004), Sensation and Modernity in the 1860s (2009), and The Demographic Imagination and the Nineteenth-Century City: Paris, London, New York (2015). He recently edited Baroness Orczy's The Scarlet Pimpernelfor Oxford World's Classics, and he is currently completing a project on Ruritanian fiction, drama and film, from The Prisoner of Zenda to The Princess Diaries.
In which directions do you think nineteenth-century scholarship should evolve in the near future? Most of the things that I would want are already happening: for instance, the turn towards transatlantic and global perspectives; the interest in affect, ecology, and animal studies. I suppose I would like to see more work on the theatre, since it rarely receives anything like the level of attention of the novel. But I believe nineteenth-century studies is in pretty . . .
Tuesday, May 29, 2018/Author: Kate Oestreich/Number of views (1700)/Comments (0)/ Article rating: 3.0
Tags: Nineteenth-Century19th centuryNCSAnineteenth centuryanimal studiesempireNineteenth Century Studies AssociationliteratureEnglishUniversity College DublinRoyal Irish AcademyModernismRomanceFin de SiecleTechnologyModernitySensationDemographic ImaginationRuritanian fictionNicholas Daly
Q&A: Jason Rudy
Jason Rudy is an associate professor of English at the University of Maryland, College Park. He is the current president of the Northeast Victorian Studies Association and author most recently of Imagined Homelands: British Poetry in the Colonies (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2017), a study of poetry written by nineteenth-century British emigrants in colonial spaces. His first book, Electric Meters (2009), looks at the ways Victorian poetry was inspired by and in conversation with developments in the electrical sciences: for example, the invention of the telegraph and the discovery of electromagnetic radiation.
What story do you always tell your students about the nineteenth century? Few anecdotes beat D. G. Rossetti exhuming Elizabeth Siddal’s grave in Highgate Cemetery to ...
Monday, May 14, 2018/Author: Kate Oestreich/Number of views (1712)/Comments (0)/ Article rating: 5.0
Tags: Films19th centuryNCSAnineteenth centuryNineteenth Century Studies AssociationliteratureGeorge ElliotJason RudyEnglishUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkNortheast Victorian Studies Association
Q&A: Mollie Barnes
Mollie Barnes is an Assistant Professor of English at the University of South Carolina-Beaufort. She works on nineteenth-century U.S. literature and transatlanticism. Her recent work—on Elizabeth Barrett Browning in Victorian Poetry, on Fanny Kemble in Nineteenth-Century Gender Studies, and on Edith Wharton in the new Critical Insights volume—emphasizes revisionist representations of history in literary texts. Her current book project, Unifying Ambivalence: Transatlantic Italy and the Anglo-American Historical Imagination, studies problem texts written by Anglo-American expatriates during the Risorgimento and the Unification of Italy. At USCB, she teaches composition, and surveys and seminars in American literature, including “Abolitionism in the Sea Islands,” a course devoted to literature about local and global social reform in Beaufort County, South Carolina, which is the inspiration for her next major project. She is also co-founder and co-sponsor, with Dr. Lauren Hoffer, of May River Review, USCB’s interdisciplinary journal for undergraduate research.
Have you ever had something happen to you professionally that you thought was bad but turned out to be for the best? Yes! One moment that turned out to be very helpful for me, in more and less direct ways over the last few years, began with my own total annoyance with myself. . . .
Monday, April 30, 2018/Author: Kate Oestreich/Number of views (1466)/Comments (0)/ Article rating: 5.0
CFP: Patchwork, Cut-and-Paste, Reassembly (Special Issue of Nineteenth-Century Studies)
Special Issue of Nineteenth-Century Studies: Patchwork, Cut-and-Paste, Reassembly
This special issue will focus on ideas of reuse and recombination. How were bits and scraps of materials, textual and otherwise, reassembled into new forms in the nineteenth century? To what ends? Essays might consider these issues in relation to images, fabrics, texts, and more. Possible topics could include scrapbooks, patchwork, quotation, citation, illustration, and any and all forms of recombination. Approaches from all disciplines, including literature, art history, history, music, and the history of science and the social sciences, are welcome, as are submissions that cross national boundaries and/or range across the nineteenth century. One particularly exciting feature of Nineteenth-Century Studies is that the journal encourages authors to enhance their contributions with pertinent artwork.
Please submit manuscripts of 8,000-12,000 words, following NCS’s submission guidelines (http://english.selu.edu/ncs/submissions.php) to guest editor Casie LeGette at legette@uga.edu. Early expressions of interest and proposals of topics are also welcome. The initial deadline for submissions of full manuscripts is September 1, 2018, but review will begin June 1, 2018 and earlier submissions are encouraged.
Friday, April 20, 2018/Author: Kate Oestreich/Number of views (1283)/Comments (0)/ Article rating: No rating
Free tickets to LA premiere screening of Lou Andreas-Salomé
Cinema Libre Studio invites professors, academics, and staff in the fields of philosophy, psychology, psychoanalysis, history, literature, and women's studies to join us in celebration of the Premiere Screening of LOU Andreas-Salomé in Los Angeles this Thursday April 26, 2018 at 7:00pm.
After a successful opening in the German box office, award winning director Cordula Kablitz-Post is bringing this inspiring and true story of Lou, the world's first female psychoanalyst, author, and rebelous protofeminist to the United States.
Link to the trailer: www.LouTheFilm.com
RSVPs are needed by April 23: https://www.eventbrite.com/e/lou-premiere-los-angeles-invitation-tickets-45090191978
Thursday, April 19, 2018/Author: Kate Oestreich/Number of views (915)/Comments (0)/ Article rating: No rating
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Please visit us on Facebook!
BOAT TOURS & RIDES
MAP & ADDRESS
Visitors to the Ocean Star have the opportunity to explore an actual retired jack-up drilling rig. The museum features three floors of models and interactive displays illustrating the story of offshore oil and gas from seismic technology to exploration and production. Scale models of production platforms, actual drill bits and remotely-operated vehicles (ROVs) as well as videos and exhibits explain drilling, geology, seismic, well servicing and production.
Ocean Star Offshore Drilling Rig and Museum — (409) 766-7827
Located in the historic port of Galveston, the Texas Seaport Museum tells the story of a rich legacy of seaborne commerce and immigration. Visitors may look for ancestors on its computer database containing the names of more than 133,000 immigrants who entered the United States through Galveston, “’The Ellis Island of the West.” The Texas Seaport Museum is also home to Galveston Harbor Tours which offers a one hour historic harbor and dolphin watch tour.
Texas Seaport Museum/1877 Tall Ship Elissa — (409) 763-1877
Pier 21 Theater is a family friendly venue that offers three documentary films for history buffs and curious visitors alike. The movies highlight the major events of Galveston Island including the 1900 storm that ravaged the island and chronicles of Galveston’s beloved pirate history.
For those interested in the 1900 story, The Great Storm, is a 27-minute documentary that tells the incredible story of the deadliest natural disaster in United States history through personal letters, photos and articles. The Great Storm is shown hourly and was directed by C. Grant Mitchell.
Pirate enthusiasts are sure to enjoy the 18-minute Pirate Island chronicles the adventures of the infamous Jean Laffite who called Galveston home for three years. Pirate Island is shown on the half hour and was directed by C. Grant Mitchell.
Fans of the hit television show, “Who Do You Think You Are” will enjoy Galveston – Gateway on the Gulf, a 56-minute PBS documentary on immigration. This film gives a history of Galveston as a port of entry for more than 133,000 immigrants and is shown at 10 a.m. and 4 p.m.
Pier 21 Theater is managed by the Galveston Historical Foundation and owned and operated by Mitchell Historic Properties. For more information, call (409) 763-8808.
For leasing information, call (409)761-4110
© 2019 PIER 21
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Repression increases in State of Spain: all insumisos to be released
01 Dec 1995 — warresisters
By RAFAEL SAINZ DE ROZAS
--This year will be the last. Starting next year, the Prisoners for Peace Honour Roll will not include those hundreds of Spanish names which, since 1989, have reminded us of the total resisters in jail. As laid down in the new penal code-approved on 8 November-after next May no one will be sent to prison for insumisión (total resistance to military and alternative service) in the state of Spain.
It looked as though the thousands of denunciations, international protests, and letters arriving from all over the world had produced a kind of "Mandela effect" as regards insumisión, compelling the government to give in.
But nothing could be further from the truth. Instead of going to prison, the insumisos are to face "disqualification" for anything from eight to fourteen years. Even though the situation appears to be improving, those concerned describe the new legislation as the most repressive since the end of the dictatorship-for two basic reasons.
For one thing, the punishment is itself severe: "disqualification" means deprivation of the right to receive aid from public funds. And this just when young people most need financial help, for example for housing, to study, establish a business, participate in development projects, or cope with unemployment. Moreover, they will not be allowed to get jobs that are in any way connected to public administration, whether in the education, health, social, transport, or research sectors, to name but a few. Faced with such prospect an insumiso would surely prefer to be sent to prison, for at present the length of sentence and type of prison regime can vary according to a judge's decision. [Under the third category regime-tercer grado-the prisoner only needs to sleep in the prison.]
The personal cost of this repression, while important, is nevertheless not the only cause for concern. More important, in the insumisos' opinion, is the political use which can be made of the government's repression depending on the type of punishment. It might be wise to consider the conclusions reached at the WRI Triennial in Brazil by the working group on conscientious objection: that our struggle should not concentrate exclusively on ending the repression of war resisters, but should, above all, ensure that their gesture has some political bearing on the demilitarisation of society as a whole.
This is why conscientious objectors in the State of Spain
opted for insumisión, which of course led to repression. And they knew it would. But this was precisely what they were trying to achieve: punishment which they knew would not get popular support. For they believed that any such attempted repression would cause so much scandal that, not only would the repression be very difficult to implement, but also it would have a vitally important effect: that the represssion of COs would lose its legitimacy, inevitably leading to the de-legitimisation of the law which had been broken.
It is essential to know about the strategic use that has been made of the repression total resisters can face, if one is to understand their behaviour and the reasons why the government has changed the law. Using a classical political defence, the insumisos were intent on placing militarism itself in the dock at their own trials. This led the government to rapidly transfer the cases from the military to the civil courts. Sensitivity to the rules of democracy? No, mere political expediency-an attempt to prevent the army's image being tarnished by having to judge pacifists in military tribunals.
The insumisos may have managed to create a social solidarity network which has helped to alleviate the personal impact of imprisonment, but the government is now determined that society itself take on the role of the state and reject those who commit civil disobedience, by hindering them from working and denying them any kind of help: "If you don't cooperate with the state, you can't expect the state to cooperate with you."
In short, as the insumisos had managed to present the imprisoned war resister as a symbol of the struggle for peace, the government now needed to devise a form of repression which would deter, but would not be visible, and would not have the symbolic and emotional impact of imprisonment.
This is the situation which the peace movement now faces in the State of Spain
. Fresh approaches are being considered, such as objecting after already being recruited into the armed forces, which would mean imprisonment under military law. Most of the public sector trade unions have already indicated their willingness to help reduce the severity of "disqualification" as much as possible. Moreover there is nothing to suggest that the duration of the "disqualification" will not continue to vary depending on the court concerned.
Paradoxically, there is no reason to be pleased about the release of the insumisos. Or is there? For what has persuaded the government to change the law has actually been insumisión's ability to use repression to promote the demilitarisation of society. The forms of the repression may have changed; but our shared objective remains immutable.
KEM-MOC, Iturribide 12-1 D, E-48006 Bilbao, Euskal Herria, state of Spain (+34 4 415 3772; fax 412 9222)
English text: Agatha Haun and Pat Arrowsmith
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HomeNews2,000,000 degree matter mimics stars
2,000,000 degree matter mimics stars
Extreme conditions of temperature and pressure found in stars have been recreated on Earth using the world's brightest X-ray source.
An international team, led by Oxford University scientists, studied how solid matter responded to X-ray laser pulses produced by the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) based in Stanford, California. The team focused the X-rays onto a spot 30 times smaller than the width of a human hair, heating a metal foil to two million degrees Celsius within a fraction of a trillionth of a second.
They found that the metal was heated to high temperatures so quickly that the atoms hardly had time to move and the thin foil did not get the chance to expand and ‘blow up’: producing in a laboratory the kind of extreme conditions that, within our solar system, can only be found inside the Sun.
The researchers report their results this week in Nature.
‘Making hot, dense, matter is important scientifically if we are to understand the sort of conditions that exist inside stars and at the centre of giant planets, within our own solar system and beyond,’ said Dr Sam Vinko of Oxford University's Department of Physics, lead author of the paper. ‘The LCLS X-ray laser is a truly remarkable machine and the sort of hot plasma (an ionized gas containing free electrons and positive ions) we created and observed has implications for many other fields of science LCLS is being used to study; for instance materials science and biological research.’
Dr Vinko is part of a larger research group led by Professor Justin Wark of Oxford University’s Department of Physics. Professor Wark said: ‘We feel extremely privileged to have been given access to the world’s first true hard X-ray laser. The machine will, in our view, be ‘game-changing’ in many areas of science. The 60 hours of machine time we were allocated just over a year ago, when we were the first team to focus down the world’s most intense X-ray source onto solid matter to see how it responded, was the most exciting 60 hours of my scientific career.’
The 2-km long LCLS free-electron laser, based at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, is capable of generating intense bursts of X-ray radiation which are over a billion times brighter than any other X-ray source in the world. The peak power of these pulses can, for an instant, even exceed the power production of a small country, such as Belgium.
The Oxford University team was complemented by researchers from nine other institutions, including Lawrence Berkley National Laboratory, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.
A report of the research, ‘Creation and diagnosis of solid-density plasma with an X-ray free-electron laser’, is published as an advance online publication (AOP) paper in Nature.
Nature paper
Nature online
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Home / Magazine / Fashion and Life Style / Art / Anglo-Nigerian Artist Yinka Shonibare Makes History
Anglo-Nigerian Artist Yinka Shonibare Makes History
Posted by: palavahut in Art 06/21/2010 0 1,252 Views
Yinka Shonibare will make history on May 24th, when his artwork, “Nelson’s Ship in a Bottle,” is exhibited at London’s Trafalgar Square. He will be the first black British artist whose work will be displayed at the Fourth Plinth in the north-west of Trafalgar Square.
The exhibit combines elements of the British Empire and his Shonibare’s African background. Shonibare told CNN that by combining conflicting elements in his installations, he aims to explore racial issues and to provoke. His works helped him understand himself as a result of history. Shonibare was raised between Lagos and London. He returned to London at age 19 from Lagos to pursue his career as an artist.
As a child he developed a rare viral infection which attacked his spine and left him temporarily paralyzed. He spent years in physiotherapy in which he had to learn how to do basic movements again like dressing and walking. In a statement released by the Mayor of London’s office, who commissioned the piece, he said: “A ship in a bottle is an object of wonder. Adults and children are intrigued by its mystery.”
“How can such towering masts and billowing sails fit inside such a common place object? With ‘Nelson’s Ship in a Bottle,’ I want to take this childhood sense of wonder and amplify it to match the monumental scale of Trafalgar Square.”
Shonibare’s paintings, sculptures, and photography, lead to his ability to explain issues that have divided the world for centuries, including imperialism, race issues and globalization. His work has been shown at the 49th Venice Biennial in Italy and the Royal Academy of Arts in London. According to CNN, in 2005 Shonibare was made Member of the Order of the British Empire. His works are currently exhibited at Washington’s Smithsonian Institution.
Artist Nigeria Yinka Shonibare 2010-06-21
Tagged with: Artist Nigeria Yinka Shonibare
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Naruto Shippuden: Ultimate Ninja Storm 3 Hands On Preview
On 02/26/2013 at 02:00 PM, by Jon Lewis
Everyone's favorite Arian Ninja Returns.
As a fan of anime, I’ve played more than my fair share of iterative fighting games based off of my favorites, particularly the Dragon Ball Series. A common issue with those games is that they would often retell the same stories over and over, hoping that the changes in gameplay would warrant re-exploring the universe. Thankfully, the Naruto games haven’t suffered as much as the DBZ series since the story is still currently running. Though the games have largely been similar, the draw for me has been seeing my favorite moments from the anime and manga recreated in the beautiful engine used by CyberConnect2. Strangely though, upon getting my hands on the demo for the next title, Naruto Shippuden: Ultimate Ninja Storm 3, I was pleased to see that there might be more than I bargained for in this package.
For those unfamiliar with the Naruto franchise, it tells the tale of a young ninja who dreams of being the best there is, otherwise known as the Hokage – a title reserved for the most respected and talented individuals. The story spans many arcs, dealing with loss, pain, friendship, courage and the occasional dose of humor. In the Naruto Universe, ninjas do battle with different techniques, from hand to hand combat (taijutsu) to fantastical techniques known as ninjutsu. The basis of the Ultimate Ninja Storm series has always been to recreate the best moments from the anime and manga, including a vast amount of fan service and engaging gameplay.
At its core, the Ultimate Ninja Storm games are of the fighting genre. Players pick from the huge amount of characters from the series to battle it out in one on one combat. These battles take place in huge circular battlefields that provide enough room for jumping, teleporting, and huge techniques. These games are far from deep, but the fun and stylish nature of the previous Ninja Storm games holds up.
The demo focuses on story, putting you in the shoes of the Third Hokage in an epic, large scale battle against the evil Nine-Tailed Demon Fox. As I jumped from building to building, I got a great sense of the scale that CyberConnect2 is going for. Battles in previous entries have always been epic, and this is no exception. The animations and techniques looked beautiful in game, and the cinematics were just as awe inspiring. The whole set piece was complimented by an epic soundtrack that completely captured the tone they were going for with the battle. Veterans of the series will be familiar with the Secret Actions that can be completed during cut scenes that, if executed swiftly, unlock extra scenes at the end of the sequence.
After defeating the first foe, I was put in control of the Fourth Hokage, Minato, as he did battle with the mysterious villain Tobi. This battle controlled much like the standard battles in the series. Players have full control to move around the field as they please. They can charge chakra, throw projectiles, and attack with physical and special attacks when necessary. The dash-cancelling system that was implemented in Ultimate Ninja Storm: Generations is back, but aside from this the gameplay is largely the same as its previous entries. Overall the gameplay is solid, but the real treat came with the impressive visuals and extensive fan service.
Even though I enjoyed my time with the demo, I do hope that there are more additions to the formula to keep the game from getting stale. While the visuals and faithful retelling of the story will be more than enough to sustain me for an initial play-through, it would be nice to see the gameplay grab me as much as the rest of the game does. On the bright side, the roster is said to be their largest yet, boasting over 90 characters. This includes pretty much every important character from the series and of course a few surprises.
I look forward to experiencing the next entry in this series, and if you are a fan of the anime and/or manga, you should be too. Naruto Shippuden: Ultimate Ninja Storm 3 will be released March 5 for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360.
#Naruto shippuden: ultimate ninja storm 3 #Anime #Fighting #Cyberconnect2
ActivisionStoleMy360
Strangely enough I remember this series from a long time ago as a kid! Idk, I really enjoyed it then, and recently got back into reading it (though its almost over). I picked up some of the games just because I thought the created universe was relatively creative, however I think I'd like to see more of an action adventure style game made out of this than another fighting game!
Jon Lewis Staff Writer
Well, the story has an action/adventure vibe and lets you explore different villages and stuff, but I agree that they should take some new directions.
Exactly, While I think the game itself is intereting, and the fighting concepts are too, I believe there is so much to be creative with, making a more open world action adventure style game which allowed people to customize their characters would be great! Such a thing likely won't come out of EA, because EA has one of those "Anti-Creative Agreements" with their developers imo...
yeah, i felt the same way about the Budokai Tenkaichi series of DBZ games. Tenkaichi 3 was, in my opinion, the best DBZ game ever and all they needed to do was add things like character customization and stuff but nope...they just ruined it on the next gen platforms.
TruEagle
I quite intend to go undefeated in this game, just as I was in Storm 2 and Generations.
jgusw
I played the demo, but there is only one 1-on-1 fight in it. I really hope they tweak the instant substitution button in this new game. That damn thing made Generations too easy for noobs.
Chunopo
Too true, there were also unfair differences in the time it took to build up the gauge again as well.
Naruto games are like crack, I can't stop buying them, even the god awful ones on the PSP (except the ninja hero's series, they are pretty cool). I like the fact that you can only awakening once this time around and at any point during the fight, should mak Jinchuuriki easier foes.
Genre: Fighting
ESRB Rating: T for Teen
Developer: CyberConnect2
Publisher: Bandai Namco Games America Inc.
Available On: Xbox 360, PlayStation 3
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Street Fighter III: Third Strike – Online Edition Review on 08/24/2011 at 12:22 AM
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Careers: Editor/colorist Mike Nuget
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REVIEW: The Curious Case of Benjamin Button
I’m not really sure how I ever made it through Stanley Kubrick’s masterpiece, Barry Lyndon, but boy was I glad I did. By the end, I found it without a doubt Kubrick’s most involving film, one of the few he did that I actually truly cared about the characters. But it wasn’t because I was told to. And even when I went back to it a second time I couldn’t figure out how Kubrick got me to care about this guy. But I remember watching the film for the first time, specifically the final duel, and there’s that moment when Lord Bullingdon says, “I have not received satisfaction,” and it all came to stark relief. Everything that had taken place prior to this moment came crashing down. Kubrick doesn’t linger on it long, he doesn’t indulge in it – Ryan O’Neil gives a slight shift in his face, but there are few moments in film that I’ve felt so acutely. And even though there were very few moments in the rest of the film that engaged me as actively as that moment did, that they all added up to this was staggering.
It takes a really refined touch to pull that off. I should say that I was able to revel much more in the specific moments of Barry Lyndon the second time around (due in no small part to the second viewing being on the big screen), but I do really, really wonder how Kubrick pulled me through that first viewing, in which I’m basically following a character who takes almost no active part in the shaping of his destiny (for Button detractors, this will start to sound familiar). Maybe it was the imagery – Barry Lyndon is one of the most stunning films I’ve ever seen, but I was watching it on a 19-inch TV. Maybe it was the narration, or the myriad of interesting supporting characters. Maybe it was just that elusive quality of the cinema.
And yes, this does bring me to The Curious Case of Benjamin Button, the story of a man born old and dying young, a film that is, as Barry Lyndon is, intermittently engaging and wonderful, and ultimately really, truly moving. But the difference is that Barry Lyndon is never outright bad – even though the first viewing is occasionally like slugging through molasses, there are no false moments in the film. It all works, every frame of it.
Benjamin Button isn’t a bad film, exactly. As I said, it’s ultimately incredibly rewarding, and is always visually stunning, a phrase some critics often use without consideration and as a way to slight the story, but I mean it. In fact, story is really, really good. Refined, well-wrought. Develops at a wonderful pace. The structure is solid, aside from the framing device that should have just been cut down to a five-minute scene at the end of the film. A few writerly indulgences (how did Benjamin know that a girl who works at a random chocolate shop broke up with her boyfriend? Beyond overindulgent, that scene just doesn’t make any sense), but I’ll let them slide. And the shots do a hell of a job expressing the story.
It’s just that the dialogue is way too much. Often ridiculous, but at the very least way, way overwritten, it undermines the visuals and the story, which are otherwise able to serve each other in perfect harmony. There are some inspired lines here or there – “They said I was gonna die soon but, maybe not” is pretty genius, even if it’s an absurd thing to say – but quite often the dialogue rings terribly false, is overly metaphoric, or worst of all, is simply redundant, especially the voiceover, which mostly just describes the onscreen action. It’s when the film just shuts its characters up that it hits those moments of awe, and I can’t imagine what kind of film we’d have on our hands if someone had torn the dialogue down to Marienbad levels (oh, to have a music-only track for this film on the DVD…).
You know, we’d probably have something like the teaser trailer that played before Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull. After seeing that I was sure we’d have a masterpiece on our hands, and I suppose if this film was truly the one the trailer sold, we would. Actually, and I mean this sincerely, if it really took this much money and development and whatever else to create something as perfect as that one-minute, forty-second short film (which is really what it is, because if you’re paying attention, it tells the entire story with far more grace than the 168-minute feature film), then it was worth it. Then again, I didn’t foot the bill.
I’ve been careful to say “the film” when referring to its strengths and weaknesses, though others may level the blame at director David Fincher. And maybe it is his fault, I don’t know. But it strikes me that screenwriter Eric Roth is at a point in his career when his script is more or less the final word. Obviously Roth wrote the words, so the words that we hear are largely his doing, but if Fincher at any point had the opportunity to start taking some of those words out, he really, really should have. But, again, it’s an expensive film with its eye on every Oscar available, so quite often the artistic whims get beaten out of the film.
This does make it all the more wonderful when Fincher’s allowed to let his craft explore the art. It’s important to keep in mind that the majority of the film – everything showing Benjamin’s life – is told as Benjamin remembers it at age 67. Plot threads are left hanging, some of the imagery is a little overindulgent. But as this is a memory, when we reach the montage of Benjamin and Daisy at sea, well…that’s the way such a trip would feel to me. The film might reach just beyond the point of realism, but what place has realism in the cinema? Better to find something a little more expressive. It’s in these respects, and many others, that I really have to hand it to Fincher. Whatever other mistakes he may have contributed to, the things that were definitely under his control are absolute masterstrokes. Fincher continues to demonstrate that he’s way ahead of many of his peers in terms of composition, and his integration of effects work both computer generated and practical continues to put him at the absolute forefront of contemporary cinema.
The film itself results a little unevenly, though, and there’s a clear pull between the art and the plot. If you subscribe exclusively to auteurism, then this film will undoubtedly appear to you a masterpiece. If you see cinema as largely a written medium, you’ll find the film a mess. As it is, the sum may be greater than the parts, a tough thing to achieve in any narrative art form, but the parts are too often severely lacking to be the sort of true masterpiece I know I was hoping for.
Scott can be reached at Snye@megazinemedia.com
Starting the Weekend Right
Today - I woke up, saw my girlfriend off, threw some bacon and french toast on the stove, listened to some Christmas music, and prepared to sit down and finally watch Gus Van Sant's Paranoid Park and probably something else. I didn't have to leave the house 'til 3:30 or 4, and Park is only 85 minutes long. Some point into Harry Simeone Chrorale's "The Little Drummer Boy" (a beautiful song, and I'll stand by that), I felt a certain...calling. The Christmas spirit was calling, so I decided to start the day with the first hour-and-a-half of Fanny and Alexander. Television version, of course, which means...the Christmas party.
Just as I always hope to have a wedding like in The Deer Hunter (and to have nothing remotely similar to anything else in The Deer Hunter EVER happen to me), I want a Christmas party like the Ekdahl's. Warts and all.
I figured I'd check the mail first, so I walked down and what's at my feet - a package from Amazon not due 'til tomorrow, containing none other than the Godfather Trilogy - Coppola Restoration Blu-Ray. My only Black Friday indulgence, to my credit.
So I didn't get around to Van Sant's latest. What'll you do.
Of course, Fanny and Alexander is as wonderful as the first and, until today, last time I saw it eighteen months ago. It really is true, nobody's ever done it like Bergman, at least not as well.
But that Godfather Blu-Ray...oh my God. I'm still relatively new to Blu - saw No Country and Pirates 3 on it and parts of Wall-E, Speed Racer, Cuckoo's Nest, 2001...some others my roommate has around (it's his player, so he's loading up of course). But wow...I really just watched the first fifteen or twenty minutes from One (yeah, I watched The Sopranos...do something), part of the Sicily stuff. Can't wait to watch...well, the baptism, certainly, but even though I watched the film fairly recently on DVD, and I'm really a Part II man myself, I could watch the whole thing through again and it would feel fresh. I know it's an overused phrase, that feeling of seeing it again for the very first time, but I can't think of any other way to put it. The dialogue sounded familiar, the characters seemed the same, but the film itself...brand frickin' new.
I was afraid based on some screencaps I saw that most of the image was just brightened overall; that we might get some more definition, but lose that great "Prince of Darkness" stuff, but man, those scenes in the Don's office are pitch black, even darker than I remember it being on DVD (the only way I've seen it to date). The red on his flower is captivating.
And good Lord am I glad they kept that grain in.
And this is just the first twenty or so minutes. Man am I mad I have finals right now...
But suffice to say, even though I grew up in the age of home video and have never know any other way, I am in a state of constant amazement that I can watch masterpieces like Fanny and Alexander (the five-hour version, to boot!) and The Godfather any time I want. That really is pretty amazing. Good way to start the weekend, too.
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'Tropic of Football': Samoans in NFL
Newsday Book Review
Pago Pago, AMERICAN SAMOA — Everything that’s rousing and distressing about block-and-tackle football is encompassed in “Tropic of Football,” Rob Ruck’s illuminating chronicle of the Samoan presence in the American mainland’s most dominant sport. It’s inspiring, on the one hand, how passion for the game among young men growing up in the South Pacific territory of American Samoa is distilled into individual discipline and collective triumph.
But it’s also disquieting to come across stories of persistent economic and personal hardships in the region as well as concerns about players’ health and safety that threaten the game’s long-term future.
Those whose knowledge of football is less than rudimentary may be surprised that the Samoan experience in the game is worthy of a book-length study.
But Sunday-afternoon devotees (or addicts) will easily recognize such boldface names as Pittsburgh Steelers defensive back Troy Polamalu, San Francisco 49ers offensive lineman Jesse Sapulo, ill-starred San Diego Chargers linebacker Junior Seau and up-and-coming Tennessee Titans quarterback Marcus Mariota.
They’re part of the rich history recorded in “Tropic of Football,” as are such lesser-known heroes as Charlie Ahe, a lineman for the swashbuckling 1950s Detroit Lions offense; and running back Bob Apisa, who starred in the backfield of the mid-1960s Michigan State Spartans, whose roster also included the legendary Bubba Smith.
Over time, Ruck writes, Samoans found in sport an outlet for what he and others characterize as their “warrior” tradition. “Because for Samoans,” Ruck writes, “sport was often as rough as war. Both were conducted with violence and ritual,” an ideal combination for American football, which was first embraced among Samoan families who immigrated to Hawai’i, California and other states because of job opportunities or military service.
In short, what’s happening to football in Samoa mirrors what’s happening to football in America.
“Tropic of Football” reminds us that the best sports books take up far bigger subjects than final scores.
Read more at Newsday
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M. Terry / SFVS
Paws For The Cause — The San Fernando High Tigers are trying to win back-to-back City football championships for the first time since 2012 and 2013.
Prep Football Is Here Already?
Early August Start is Due to Lining Up Fall, Winter and Spring Schedules and State Playoffs
Mike Terry, Contributing Writer
Attention 2018 prep football. This is your wakeup call.
Yes, it is earlier than usual.
The City and Southern sections kick off their seasons starting today, Aug. 16, with regular nonleague and league seasons ending in October and section title games being played during the Thanksgiving holiday weekend.
The state football playoffs will take place during the first two weeks of December.
“Basically it was dictated by the CIF state office,” noted Sports Information Director Dick Dornan of the LA City Section. “It’s to have everybody on the same timeline for all three seasons (fall, winter and spring.)
“This is a rare occurrence. The state (wants to coordinate with) the National Federation of High Schools’ calendar. They wanted to make sure all 10 sections were on the same page. Next year it will return (to the regular starting calendar). But now, every seventh year this happens because in every year the calendar moves up a day. So every seventh year, you will have an early start like this.”
Understandably, not all coaches were thrilled when they first heard the news. While many, when asked, seem to be in the “it is what it is” camp, Birmingham Charter High Coach Jim Rose did not mince words in expressing his dissatisfaction.
“I think it’s ridiculous,” Rose said. “We’re in Southern California. We’re gonna have three games in August. Back when I went to school, school didn’t start until after Labor Day. And we’re moving up the season for what? So four teams don’t play into their Christmas break, or something? There’s a thousand teams in California. It seems way too early.”
Chaminade High Coach Ed Croson — whose team plays in the Southern Section and opens tonight against Oaks Christian High of Westlake Village — pointed out a particular disadvantage.
“Our problem is they did not move training camp back a week,” Croson said. “What essentially happened is we all lost a week,” which is a third of early summer practice weeks. “In all the years past, after the first week of practice we would have a scrimmage, after second week our blue-and-orange game. Then another scrimmage, and then start. With losing a week of camp, our first inter-squad scrimmage was in pads. And you can’t teach what we have to teach in three days before a game.
“It was just bad…the City is different, I think they allowed their people to go more than three days in transition. If we wanted to work in helmets, it would be Thursday, Friday and Saturday. We have to worry about a rash of injuries…no one’s happy about this.”
The weather concern is a genuine one, since August and September are traditionally very hot months. But as Dornan said, “It did shorten the summer, there’s basically not much you can do. Adhere to protocol for safety, but otherwise go play. Again, this year will be the rare exception.”
Still, it should not diminish some of the possible storylines for this season. To wit:
Can San Fernando High repeat as a City champion? The Tigers last pulled off back-to back-titles in 2012 and 2013. Back then they were in City’s Division II. There’s no guarantee they will get to defend their Division I championship because — depending on how they play — the Tigers could instead find themselves in the City’s Open Division come playoff time. That would mean probably having to go through teams like defending Open champion Narbonne High of Harbor City or Crenshaw High of Los Angeles, which won the state CIF Division IV-AA championship bowl game last December. Like we said, no guarantees.
If San Fernando goes Open Division, what Valley team in the City could join them? Birmingham — which played in the Open Division last year — and El Camino Real Charter High could also wind up in the City’s top bracket. Whoever wins the West Valley League could expect an Open invite. They would be the top contenders from there, but don’t sleep on Cleveland High.
What about the Mission Valley League teams chasing San Fernando? Reseda High doesn’t have a huge quantity of bodies, but the Regents could certainly win the league if the Tigers falter. The rest of the league teams — Canoga Park, Kennedy, Panorama, Sylmar and Van Nuys — are more question marks than known facts.
Any sense of how the East Valley League stacks up? Not especially. It seems Arleta High’s league title to lose, but the Mustangs could be pushed by either Chavez or Grant — if those teams can stay healthy and intact. Monroe, North Hollywood, Poly and Verdugo Hills would appear on the surface not to have the personnel to challenge those three. But there’s a reason why they play the games.
The Mission League is one of the most competitive in the Southern Section. What says the crystal ball here? It’s cloudy. Chaminade, the defending league champion, is a Division I team (as are last year’s playoff teams Bishop Amat High of La Puente and Serra High of Gardena) but has sturdy roadblocks outside of league blocking its path to a section title game in St. John Bosco High of Bellflower and Mater Dei High of Santa Ana. Alemany, Crespi, Loyola of Los Angeles and Notre Dame — section Division II and Division IV teams — are fighting to get back into the league championship picture.
Who are other potential section title contenders from the Valley? Teams like Harvard-Westlake, Sierra Canyon, St. Genevieve, Campbell Hall, and Heritage Christian are in lower divisions but play football just as fierce as their bigger brethren. Some, like Sierra Canyon High, are perennial contenders. Others depend on how the season breaks for them.
These questions, and others will be defined and answered over the next 10-14 weeks.
That’s another reason why they play the games.
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YESTERDAY'S BIG BEND NEWS: BORDER CROSSED AFTER BANDITS
THE LAST COMANCHE CHIEF
SENORA VILLA SAYS OF PANCHO: POOR PEOPLE ARE THE ONES WHO LOVE HIM. A PEN FROM THE PAST BY ROSS MCSWAIN
TEXAS RANGER NATHAN "NATE" FULLER
HISTORY REPEATS AGAIN AT CANDELARIA
CANDELARIA FOOTBRIDGE PHOTOS FROM CLARA LONG OF BORDERSTORIES.ORG
U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION SENDS CANDELARIA BRIDGE REMOVAL ORDER TO WRONG LANDOWNER
THE BRIDGE ISSUE FROM BORDERSTORIES.ORG
CANDELARIA BRIDGE REMOVAL IS JUST WRONG!
OPEN LETTER TO CONGRESSMAN RODRIGUEZ
CANDELARIA BRIDGE MAY SOON BE HISTORY
PLEASE HELP GODE!
COOL OLD PHOTO
PORVENIR COMMENTS FROM AFGHANISTAN
GODE DAVIS
GODE DAVIS AND THE JUAN FLORES INTERVIEW: AN UPDATE
BLOG ARCHIVES SEARCH
A MEXICAN PIONEER'S LIFE IN THE BIG BEND
YESTERDAY'S BIG BEND NEWS: MEXICANS KILL TWO TEXANS IN AMBUSH
Saturday, May 31, 2008, 02:58 PM
Once again it is happening at Candelaria. Nothing-new when innocent law abiding folks come under the gun of politically motivated military style repression. Fear and intimidation is always the common element and the bad guys end up smiling. This comes as no surprise to those of us who study and interpret the past on a daily basis. A drug war in Mexico has again brought the powers of the U.S. government to make ill informed border policy decisions that simply make matters worse to the considerable benefit of lawbreakers.
Candelaria is a tiny remote Texas-Mexican border village located in the rugged Presidio Valley of the Big Bend. A muddy stream known as the Rio Grande River separates Candelaria from San Antonio del Bravo, Chihuahua. Very few outsiders understand that these are not two separate villages; they are simply one community with a sluggish stream of water in the middle. The problem is, however, the watercourse has been an international boundary since 1849.
The Candelaria/San Antonio community has been in existence for centuries. The original inhabitants were people the Spanish called Jumano. In the early 1500's, when the Spaniard Cabeza de Vaca made his way through the Presidio Valley he was the first European to observe these peaceful but resilient farmers and traders who depended on the Rio Grande to exist. But the Jumanos were anything but peaceful when it came to defending their lives and homes from outside intrusion. The Spaniards brought the horse and about half a century after Cabeza de Vaca began introducing military solutions to dominate the land and enslave the people. The Spaniards were not the only outside intruders. When the Pueblo Revolt of 1680 took place other Native American groups from far away became mobile on the horses the Spanish brought. Empowered Apaches and Comanches came to raid and steal and the Jumanos fought back as best they could.
In 1848 the Mexican War resulted in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hildago and the watercourse in Candelaria and San Antonio became an international boundary. Suddenly the United States acquired most of the northern lands of Mexico when the despot Santa Anna cheaply sold out his country to save his hide. Having little knowledge of their new land, the U.S. government launched an era of exploration and mapping. In 1849, Lieutenant William Henry Chase Whiting set out to discover and map a practical wagon route between San Antonio, Texas and El Paso. In the spring of the following year, he entered the Presidio Valley and passed through what we know today as Candelaria/San Antonio del Bravo. Fortunately for Whiting, the native inhabitants of the community had moved into the Sierra Madre to escape the searing summer heat. Had he arrived a few months sooner his scalp might well have ended up swinging in the wind from a lodge pole. Now Candelaria/San Antonio was on a map.
About 1881, the Candelaria Catholic church received a new bell. Sometime after that, Candelaria got a school. In 1901 Candelaria post office opened and a store serving the needs of a vast area of Texas and Mexico began to prosper. You could buy groceries, beer, hardware, clothing, gasoline, guns and ammunition. In those days, the Rio Grande flowed wonderfully and farming in the Presidio Valley offered new hope of better times. Cotton farming was introduced in the valley and good water and high cotton prices fueled the establishment of cotton gins. Candelaria had two gins and soon a two-story hotel complete with a barbershop. There was also a saloon and billiard parlor. The 1910 Census counted 543 residents of Candelaria. Also, in 1910 a revolution, the first great revolution of the twentieth century, brought war to Mexico. Landless peons, small landowners, merchants, artisans and tradesman took up arms and followed leaders like Pancho Villa into battle. Isolated in Chihuahua, Villa depended on the Mexican border for a steady flow of arms and the materials of war. An arms for cattle trade fueled Villa's armies. More than a million people died in this war. Border raids into the Texas Big Bend brought the U.S. military into the picture. Candelaria merchant J. J. Kilpatrick pleaded for help to defend his town and in 1917 the Eighth Cavalry built a new border outpost overlooking Candelaria. Most of the people moved away to escape the violence. Fear was everywhere. Not many bandits or outlaws got caught and the military ran roughshod over a lot of harmless peaceful people in the Presidio Valley. The military didn't stay long and departed Candelaria in 1919 after U.S. cavalry galloped across the Rio Grande at Candelaria drawing more innocent blood during the last American punitive expedition into Mexico.
There have been smugglers plying their illegal trade since the Rio Grande became the border. Without the designation of the Rio Grande as an international boundary smuggling could not exist. From the beginning of the twentieth century smugglers have trafficked a variety of items including prohibited liquor, guns and ammunition and more recently people and drugs. In the early 1980's, the U.S. government managed to drive the Columbian cartels out of south Florida to the Texas Big Bend. Drawn by the remoteness of the Big Bend, the drug smugglers prospered bringing their loads into the United States. Today in Mexico there is a new war being fought. The drug war is fueled by an arms for drug trade.
As the Mexican drug lords struggle to control their turf across the river, a wave of immigration has come to the forefront of American politics. Again we hear calls to militarize and close the border. Some demand a wall be built between the United States and Mexico. It's a simple but poorly thought out solution to a very complex issue. Just recently a powerful someone in Washington found out about that Candelaria still has a bridge and ordered it immediately removed. Few have really considered the impact of tearing it down. When the Border Patrol closed the crossing at Lajitas a few years ago, the action resulted in the economic death of Paso Lajitas the little village just across the river. Tourists no long came, the restaurants went out of business and the school closed. There was no work for anyone, the people moved away, and the town became abandoned. Today there are no watchful eyes of good people living there and the smugglers have the perfect vantage point watch the Border Patrol coming and going across the river.
With the little footbridge at Candelaria gone, both towns will wither. The closing the border will devastate the local economies on both sides of the river. Children cannot go to school, good people who need their jobs will have no work. The San Antonio medical clinic will have no way to call for help. There will be nobody to work cattle or fix fence on the ranches. And this only plays into the smugglers hands giving them an empty abandoned countryside to operate in unobserved. The Border Patrol comes, the smugglers stay on the Mexican side, the Border Patrol leaves, the smugglers cross and go about their business. And who is hurt worst by this? Good and decent people who deserve better treatment and more understanding. And the fear and intimidation continues.
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Wednesday, May 28, 2008, 12:55 PM
The below photos of the Candelaria footbridge have been graciously provided from Clara Long for Borderstories.org. Thanks Clara! Gj
Tuesday, May 27, 2008, 05:57 AM
Some blame individual United States Border Patrol agents for the recent order to destroy the Candelaria, Texas, footbridge across the Rio Grande. This may be misleading. The removal order probably came through a maze of bureaucratic channels before reaching the desk of Sector Chief Smietana at Marfa; nevertheless, the harm that could result from the fulfillment thereof remains ominous. Border residents in the Chihuahuense village of San Antonio del Bravo as well as the several hundred United States citizens who reside in and near Candelaria will be adversely affected should access via the footbridge be denied. Moreover, a bridge closure will result in an exodus of la gente to more populous areas such as Odessa, Texas, and Ojinaga, Chihuahua. The Red Sea never parts for the poor and dispossessed. Such an out-migration from the already sparsely-populated desert would be advantageous neither for the families involved, for the region itself, nor for the stability of the receiving cities.
One wonders, then, whether there remain any lawyers willing to work pro bono, that is: "without compensation for the public good." The myriad of large landowners in southern Presidio County, mostly distant city dwellers with no traditional or familial connection to the region, may care little about the bridge issue; regrettably, certain of them may even favor it. Certainly folk who reside along the Rio Grande, most of whom bear Hispanic surnames, cannot afford to pay astronomical legal fees. Therefore, so much for Equal Justice Under Law, the famous motto engraved over the portico of the United States Supreme Court. "Equal Justice," is obviously reserved for those who can afford it.
A lawsuit defending the rights of traditional Candelaria residents, perhaps class-action in scope, timely filed, could result in an injunction that would stop enforcement of the Department of Homeland Security's order for removal of the bridge. In other words, it would buy time. It seems certain that by early next year the Washington power structure will have shifted. Then this supposed "problem," exacerbated by politicians who know nothing about acculturative factors at work along the "forgotten Rio Grande" may, like a votive candle, have melted away.
The question at hand is more profound than it first appears to be. Consider history: first, the displacement of Mexican-origin people along the Rio Grande border that began with choplogic interpretations of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (the Treaty) in 1848-49 (signed by both countries on February 2, 1848). Second, takeovers and outright swindles, often under coverture of interpretations of the Treaty, Article X (land grants), beginning in the "Magic [lower Rio Grande]Valley" of Texas a century ago; acquisition by sale, the Gadsden Purchase of 1853 for example; another, under the heavy hand of vengeful White ranchers and their agents, those being certain companies of bloody-minded Texas Rangers (the Porvenir Massacre comes to mind); the pandemic of Spanish influenza in 1918 during which 3% or more border dwellers of Mexican-origin died; or as cannon fodder in a series of twentieth-, and now twenty-first century "rich man's war, poor man's fight" scenarios, and otherwise since 9/11 under the guise of "Homeland Security," (a catholicon if ever one existed).
One thing seems certain. If something isn't done to stop the accreting vacantness of the Chihuahuan Desert in the United States above Terrell County, Texas, the region will become a desplobado, or "no man's land." Several centuries of progress for the area will be ended and the process of acculturation brought to a standstill. If that's what a handful of people really want, then shame on them.
Alpine, Texas & Cd. Chihuahua, Mexico
Sunday, May 25, 2008, 04:23 PM
In a strange turn of events Chief Patrol Agent John J. Smietana, Jr. of the U.S. Customs and Border Protection on May 20th. Fed Exed the following letter demanding Fred Nelan of the Coal Mine Ranch tear down or block the Candelaria footbridge in 60 days. While Fred is an owner of the Coal Mine Ranch, he owns no property on or near the river at Candelaria or has anything what so ever to do with the bridge.
The letter reads as follows:
300 Madrid Street
Marfa, TX 79843
Presidio Properties
760 Rinconada Lane
The purpose of this letter is to request that you facilitate the U.S. Border Patrol's enforcement duties by removing the bridge on your property near Candelaria, Texas that spans a channel of the Rio Grande or securing it so that no one can cross illegally from Mexico into the United States. Title 8, United States Code, Section 1357(a) authorizes Agents to enter upon private lands located within 25 miles of the border without a warrant to pursue the investigation of illegal activities. Your property is within that 25-mile area and due to the close proximity of your land to the border, it is likely that unlawful entries into the United States occur on your property. Because we must prevent the illegal entry of terrorists, aliens and/or drug traffickers into the United States, I am asking that your assistance to either remove the bridge or at the very least, secure it so that no one can cross over from Mexico into the United States.
Based on patrolling activities of Agents in the area, it is known that numerous people cross illegally into the United States in the area of Candelaria, Texas. Therefore, within the next sixty days, please initiate measures immediately to secure, seal or completely remove the bridge from your property to ensure that you are not aiding and abetting these individuals illegal entry into the United States. See18 U.S.C. 2 (Principals); see also 8 U.S.C. 1321 (Prevention of Unauthorized Landing of Aliens), 1324 (Bringing In and Harboring Certain Aliens), and (Aiding or Assisting Certain Aliens Aliens to Enter the United States).
We appreciate your assistance and will continue to avoid interference with any rights you have with respect to your property. Our goal is to work with all persons who live along the border in a peaceful and cooperative manner. As discussed above, however, we cannot allow your bridge near Candelaria, Texas to provide as a means for people to illegally enter the United States.
If you have any questions, please contact Loraine Reynolds, Patrol Agent in Charge, U.S. Border Patrol, Marfa Station, Marfa Sector, at P.O. Box I (300 Madrid St.), Marfa, Texas, 79843 or via telephone at (432-729-4250. We look forward to your compliance and support of our law enforcement mission.
John J. Smietana, Jr.
Chief Patrol Agent
cc: Asset Forfeiture Office
A. U.S.A. James J. Miller, Jr.
The above only leaves Fred and a lot of us wondering what in the world is going on. How is this achieving the Border Patrol's stated goal to, "work with all persons who live along the border in a peaceful and cooperative manner"? Gj
Some years ago, the Border Patrol closed the Lajitas crossing. The effects were terrible on the good and decent local people just across the river. Please take a look at the Borderstories.org film: http://borderstories.org/index.php/laji ... ssing.html
April 19, 2008 -- The footbridge between Candelaria, Texas and San Antonio del Bravo, Chihuahua may be one of the last "informal" crossings along the eastern U.S.-Mexico border.
The two communities connected by the bridge, which crosses a diminutive Rio Grande on gapped wooden planks suspended by repurposed car chassis, are situated, literally, at the end of the road.
Texas Highway 170 dissolves into rough dirt ranch tracks at Candelaria, leaving the river unaccompanied by road for a 200-mile stretch upstream known as the forgotten Rio Grande. On the other side, San Antonio del Bravo is a bumpy three-hour ride on an unmaintained dirt road from Ojinaga, a bustling outpost for Mexican ranchers.
Dr. Maribel Aquino, 32, works alone in San Antonio del Bravo's rural medical clinic with no phone or internet connection. She describes how the majority of San Antonio's women and children spend the week in Candelaria in order to send their American-born children to the school in Presidio. San Antonio del Bravo's schoolhouse sits empty; most women in the community decide to give birth across the border so that their children become American citizens.
A sign near the footbridge advises crossers that it is illegal to enter the United States at Candelaria, but residents of the community say the warning is un-enforced. If it were, says Dr. Aquino, the community would not survive.
Borderstories.org
www.borderstories.org
Few outsiders really understand the impact of the Departmant of Homeland Security's order to tear down the Candelaria bridge. The only nearby medical clinic is at San Antonio del Bravo just across the river from Candelaria and the bridge is a vital link to many of us who never know when we need medical care. Please take a minute and view the excellent short documentary film by borderstories.org concerning the bridge and the clinic.
http://borderstories.org/index.php/san- ... ctora.html
Friday, May 23, 2008, 02:52 PM
To Congressman Ciro Rodriguez: subject, the recent Homeland Security ordered dismantling of the suspension footbridge across Rio Grande at Candelaria, Texas, in Presidio County.
Sir, we met at Rocksprings, Texas, a few months back when you graciously attended the homecoming for former Edwards County Deputy Sheriff "Gilmer" Hernndez after his release from federal prison for "violating the civil rights" of a fleeing violator. You will recall that Hernndez shot at a tire on the suspect vehicle in an effort to protect himself and do his job.
Permit me to now express dismay at the short-sightedness being displayed by bureaucrats in Homeland Security. The isolated, economically-depressed region situated forty-odd miles upriver from the Presidio (Texas) Port of Entry has long been a point of acculturation between people of both Mexican and United States origin. One of the factors that have made this interaction possible has been the footbridge which was built by folk of both countries many decades ago at no cost to taxpayers. Candelaria faces San Antonio del Bravo, Chihuahua, a poor Mexican community which has relied upon its connection with the United States in order to survive for more than a century. Everything from sending and receiving mail, making store purchases, summoning help or ambulance services in an emergency up to attending school has been dependent upon the availability of la puente twelve months a year no matter what the weather.
There is no evidence that any Arab terrorists have ever or would ever enter the U.S. at such a place. (If they did, the locals would probably save both governments any trouble and take charge of the matter in their own quiet way. Besides, Canada and Logan International and JFK work better.) Smuggling, always a problem along any border, will not be stopped by removing a one-lane suspended footbridge. What will be stopped, or at minimum greatly interrupted, are the current incessant opportunities for cultural interchange and a significant amount of legitimate commerce that depends upon year-round access a el otro lado.
I ask that you become involved in stopping this untoward effort to further drive a wedge between the people of neighboring nations who want nothing more than to be friends and partners in progress.
Glenn Willeford (historian and novelist)
Alpine, Texas and Cd. Chihuahua
Friday, May 23, 2008, 07:24 AM
Recently the Department of Homeland Security sent a letter to the Candelaria owners demanding the little foot bridge across the Rio Grande be removed. Details are sketchy but the owners met with federal agents to discuss their concerns about tearing down the bridge. One report I have heard says that at least one of the owners vehemently opposed the action. Homeland Security agents simply replied that Washington officials have only recently learned of the existence of the bridge and issued orders to have the bridge destroyed. The footbridge has been in existence for many years and is a vital link between the two communities of Candelaria, Texas and San Antonio Del Bravo, Chihuahua. It was built by folks from both sides of the river in a community effort. It should be obvious that tearing down the bridge will accomplish little except causing an extreme hardship on good, honest local people who need the bridge so that they can get their mail, gasoline, groceries and send children to school. Anyone interested in opposing this thoughtless, politically motivated action should speak out now. I am told that U.S. Representative Ciro Rodriguez might be willing to take up the cause. Please contact him at: http://www.rodriguez.house.gov/
Tuesday, May 20, 2008, 06:25 PM
Gode Davis is a wonderfully talented filmmaker and writer. I have known him since 2002 when he contacted me about the Porvenir massacre and came to west Texas to film Juan Flores and document first hand that terrible day in 1918 at Porvenir. Gode is producing a documentary titled: "American Lynching: A Strange and Bitter Fruit". Davis intends to include the Flores account and the story of the massacre in American Lynching. While this is not a popular topic, it is certainly one that must be seen so that this grim and terrible side of American history will not be forgotten. It is also a topic that for many reasons makes it difficult to produce. The agendas of academia are not helpful and politics play no small role in raising the money. Gode has been able raise some money to finish the film but needs about $10,000 more to get the documentary completed and aired. Gode is also an excellent speaker and is available to speak for a modest fee to help him cover expenses. He lives in Rhode Island so his travel expenses to Texas are not small. Take a minute and check out Gode speaking about his documentary at www.youtube.com where you need search Gode Davis to bring it up. He can also be seen speaking at his website:www.americanlynching.com.
Also,you may get information, contact him or make donations to Gode at his website or simply call him at: 401-828-4435.
I don't normally work to solicit money on the blog but I feel this is a very worthy effort that should not be swept under the table for any reason. Please help Gode with a donation no matter how small. Perhaps there is someone or an organization out there that can help with a sizeable contribution. If so, now is the time. Gj
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FL- College hires sexually harassing professor
For immediate release: Thursday, May 8, 2014
Statement by Barbara Dorris of St. Louis, Outreach Director of SNAP, the Survivors Network of those Abused by Priests (314-503-0003, SNAPdorris@gmail.com)
A former Florida professor/ dean has been hired at a Chicago Catholic university, despite allegations that he “likely” recently sexually harassed a married couple.
http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2014/05/05/former-ambassador-vatican-moves-new-university-after-sexual-harassment-investigation#comment-1370160085
He is Miguel H. Diaz, who represented the U.S. at the Vatican from 2009-2012. From 2001-2003 he was the academic dean at St. Vincent de Paul Regional Seminary in Boynton Beach, FL. He also taught Theology at Barry University.
We strongly urge Loyola University (where he will soon teach) officials to reverse and explain their reckless decision. We also call on officials at the University of Dayton (where he previously taught) to admit and disclose Diaz' wrongdoing, so that others will be protected from his predatory tendencies.
No students and staff at any college should be subjected to sexual harassment. Given the findings of University of Dayton officials, Diaz does not belong on any campus.
Contact - David Clohessy (314-566-9790cell, SNAPclohessy@aol.com), Barbara Dorris (314-503-0003, SNAPdorris@gmail.com)
College hires sexually harassing professor http://www.snapnetwork.org/fl_chicago_college_hires_sexually_harassing_professor?recruiter_id=21019
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Mike Hope
After four years spent teaching in a UK Primary school I married and moved to Geneva in 1967 with a one year contract to work at the Lycée des Nations and was fortunate to have Milton Toubkin as Head for the first five years. (He later co-founded Southbank school in London). From 1972 - 76 I was Assistant Primary Principal. In 1975 we became a part of Ecolint and the Lycée's name eventually would disappear. It was during the late 60's and early 70's that I assisted in the early years of SGIS, and subsequently on the committee in the 80's and 90's.
Now I am retired and live near Zurich after just over thirty years spent working at the InterCommunity School in Zumikon. In retirement I enjoy my principal hobby of woodworking, and am happy to help out friends when requested.
My main reason for remaining in Switzerland for so long was the constant challenges of working with students from so many national systems. From time to time I have been contacted by a variety of former students and have been fascinated by their differing career paths and heartened by their positive comments of time spent in our schools.
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Shades & Shadows
It's Literature, But With Monsters!
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November 15th Show
Posted in: Shows. Tagged: Ben Loory, Justin Robinson, Lara Walker, Lisa Morton, Mark Kruger, November 15, Steven Colcoate.
Shades & Shadows will be back on Friday, November 15th with an all-new lineup of readers! We just keep the hits rolling with some amazing authors gracing our stage to thrill you, chill you, and fulfill you.
BEN LOORY’s fables and tales have appeared in The New Yorker, on NPR‘s This American Life, at WordTheatre, and on Selected Shorts. His book Stories for Nighttime and Some for the Day (Penguin) was a selection of the Barnes & Noble Discover Great New Writers Program and won the Nobbie Award for Best Book of the Year.
www.benloory.com
www.twitter.com/benloory
JUSTIN ROBINSON Much like film noir, Justin Robinson was born and raised in Los Angeles. He splits his time between editing comic books, writing prose, and wondering what that disgusting smell is. Degrees in Anthropology and History prepared him for unemployment, but an obsession with horror fiction and a laundry list of phobias provided a more attractive option.
www.captainsupermarket.com
LARA PARKER is best known for playing the role of Angelique on the cult television show Dark Shadows. She is also the author of three DARK SHADOWS novels: WOLF MOON RISING, THE SALEM BRANCH and ANGELIQUE’S DESCENT.
She grew up In Memphis, Tennessee, graduated from Central High School, attended Vassar College and received her BA from Southwestern at Memphis (now Rhodes College) majoring in Philosophy. She did all her course work on a Masters in Drama at the University of Iowa before leaving for New York City where she began working as a professional actress.
She received her MFA in Creative Writing from Antioch University at Los Angeles, and she is also an adjunct professor teaching Freshman English at Santa Monica College. She is still an actress and a year ago traveled to London to film a cameo in the new Johnny Depp/Tim Burton film DARK SHADOWS which premiered May 11, 2012.
See laraparker.com for more details.
LISA MORTON is a six-time Bram Stoker Award winning author and screenwriter. The American Library Association’s Readers’ Advisory Guide to Horror says “[h]er work is consistently dark, unsettling, and frightening.”
TRICK OR TREAT: A HISTORY OF HALLOWEEN – Reaktion Books
WITCH HUNTS: A GRAPHIC HISTORY OF THE BURNING TIMES – McFarland
SUMMER’S END: A HALLOWEEN NOVELLA – JournalStone (October 2013)
MALEDICTION – Evil Jester Press (October 2013)
http://www.lisamorton.com
MARK KRUGER is a screen and TV writer specializing in edge-of-your-seat thrillers and suspense. He has written for The 4400, Revelations, and Necessary Roughness and Candyman: Farewell to the Flesh. His debut novel, Overpowered, was published in August 2013 by Simon & Schuster. He lives in Los Angeles.
http://www.markkrugerwriter.com/
STEVEN CALCOTE has lived and worked in China throughout his career as a filmmaker. His first documentary took viewers on a modern journey into the ancient world of Chinese Jews, an intense project he later counterbalanced by telling the story of China’s biggest ice cream manufacturer. Since then he’s continued to push the geographical and technological boundaries of filmmaking around the world, directing projects for diverse clients ranging from Boeing to Nickelodeon.
California Institute of Abnormal Arts in North Hollywood. Doors at 8:00, show at 8:30. $10 at the door.
We will have the authors’ books for sale at the event!
RSVP on Facebook here.
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November 21 - Miguel Pro, Martyr, Priest, Man of Prayer
Miguel had spent many years among the mining towns of Mexico. Born the son of a miner and his wife in Guadalupe, Zacatecas, he didn't experience the same kind of affluent lifestyle of some other saints. Rather, Miguel was born on the poverty line and was one of eleven children. As one of the elder children, he helped take care of his siblings. The Mexican people were Miguel's passion even as a child and he studied so that he might become a priest and serve them. Of particular interest to Miguel were people with similar humble beginnings who struggled to survive in a world that was rarely suited for their success and health.Throughout his life, Miguel was a man of prayer--often saying that the only thing that truly kept him going was prayer. At the age of 20, he began his studies with the Jesuits so that he might offer himself to the clerical life among the people of Mexico.Regrettably, however, he could not stay in Mexico long after this time.
In 1915, the surging tide of opponents to Roman Catholicism in Mexico became too much for Miguel and his superiors. He was sent to Spain to continue his studies so that he might not be arrested or killed by the government that had taken power after a rigged election. After finishing his studies, he was sent as a professor to Nicargagua. His heart yearned to be back in Mexico but it was becoming increasingly less hospitable to priests and he was assigned to Belgium. As his heart pined for the people of Mexico, his health deteriorated and the laws of Mexico became increasingly restrictive. The people who dared to follow after Jesus were forced to meet in secret and avoid detection--again. Priests were being framed for crimes and executed. Others were being arrested and abused. It was a bad time to be Christian in Mexico. It was a worse time to be a minister in a country that now forbade the wearing of clerical vestments or the speaking of clerical thoughts and commentary in public. The goal was the excision of the Roman Catholic church from Mexico and it was very nearly successful. It very well may have been if not for Miguel's testament to the faith in his dying words.
In Belgium he was ordained to the priestly ministry. His life was even more prayer filled after his ordination and after a short time in Belgium, it became clear that his deteriorating health was partially due to his discomfort with the climate and his homesickness for the people of Mexico. Against the better judgment of some of his superiors, he was sent back to Mexico. Miguel prayerfully thanked those over him and went gladly. His life in Mexico included priestly duties held in secret. He was overjoyed to visit and pray with the people entrusted to him and broke bread in many homes under the cover of darkness and the confident peace of prayer. When the ruler of Mexico--Plutarco Elias Calles--was nearly assassinated, he took a chance to put a stop to Miguel's work. He insisted that the planning had been the work of Miguel and had him arrested. There was a short--and ludicrous--trial but eventually Plutarco simply decreed that Miguel be executed.The pretext for the execution was an attempted assassination but the real reason was the constantly grasping desire of the State to subvert and excise the Church in Mexico. Miguel was drug from his cell in the early morning and granted one last request: to be allowed to kneel and pray (see above picture).
They took him to the firing range and secured him so that he might present a target for the rifles. They did not secure his arms and so he offered a blessing and prayer over the men holding the rifles that would soon bring his death. He declined the blindfold offered to him,--he was not afraid to look upon the State's atrocities-- grasped his crucifix in one hand and his rosary in the other and offered a loud shout proclaiming his desire to forgive the ones who now held his earthly life in their hands. "Ready," yelled the commander and Miguel offered a sweet smile as the men raised their rifles."Aim," continued the commander and Miguel stretched his arms out as if he were being crucified (see picture). The firing squad directed their rifles at his heart now exposed in his cruciform posture. "Fire!" yelled the commander. The men shot and hit Miguel who crumpled to the ground. He was not dead but he was dying. As the commander approached the bleeding body of Miguel, Miguel cried out:"Viva Cristo Rey!" or "Long live Christ the King!" The commander drew his sidearm and shot Miguel in the head at pointblank range.
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For over 75 years, the William B. Tabler Company has served the coatings, plastics, rubber, adhesives, food, pharmaceutical and many other industries as a manufacturer’s agent and distributor. During this time, the Tabler Company has established a reputation as a respected supplier of raw materials, equipment and other specialized services to our customers. In addition, we are known for the technical expertise and often unique solutions we bring to our customers as they strive to produce both high quality and cost effective products for their specific markets.
The Tabler Company was founded in 1933 by the gentleman whose name the company still bears. Initially, the company was very small, with only one or two sales representatives and office personnel. Inventories were maintained at public warehouses in Louisville, Indianapolis and Memphis.
In 1962, James D. Boggess joined Mr. Tabler as a chemist and salesman for the solvent division which was part of the company at that time. When the solvent division was sold a few years later, Jim Boggess moved up to Vice President and General Manager. After Mr. Tabler’s passing, Jim Boggess became the President and owner of the William B. Tabler Company and directed much of the subsequent growth of the company since that time. This growth has taken the Tabler Company into many new markets and technologies and the company has aggressively pursued both new Principals and new applications in an ever-changing business scene.
In 1986, Jim Boggess’ son, Eric Boggess, joined the company as a technical sales representative and was later promoted to Vice President and General Manager. Eric Boggess later moved into the roll of President of the company.
On July 1st, 2018, Soltex acquired a significant portion of the Tabler assets and integration of Tabler into Soltex began. Eric Boggess moved into the roll of Sales Manager and Bill Watkins remained in the position of Technical Specialist – Resins & Resin Modifiers, both based out of the Louisville facility.
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Auto & Trucking
Civil Rights & Municipal Law
Employment & Labor Litigation
Business & Commercial Litigation
Many of the Firm’s largest clients are trucking companies and auto insurers, making Auto and Trucking Law a cornerstone of the Firm. From initial investigation on the day of the accident to closing arguments in incredibly high-profile wrongful death cases, we fight for our clients.
Having a Firm with our record of trial successes is an incredible asset at every stage of litigation. This experience allows us to provide early case evaluations with incredible accuracy, assisting our clients in establishing a litigation strategy, which remains consistent and effective throughout the case, ultimately achieving the desired result.
Rhodes v Adkins
Our client, Ms. Rhodes, was the passenger in her friend’s vehicle, which was attempting a left-hand turn at an intersection. Midway through the left-hand turn, Ms. Rhodes’ vehicle was struck broadside by Defendant. The Defendant claimed she entered the intersection on a green light. As a result of this accident, Ms. Rhodes suffered a mild scar on her forehead, which did not require surgery. The case mediated for $60,000. After a three-day trial in Wayne County Circuit Court, the jury returned a verdict in favor of Plaintiff for $500,000, with only 5% of the negligence being attributed to Plaintiff’s driver, who settled for policy limits before trial.
Thomas v Stamper
This case involved an automobile/bicycle accident, where our client allegedly disregarded a stop sign, crossed over a sidewalk, and hit plaintiff. As a result, Plaintiff claimed soft tissue injuries. Following a two-day trial and 10 minutes of deliberation, the jury returned a No Cause. Although a No Cause was somewhat expected, it was surprising in that the jury determined our client was not negligent. We successfully argued that an adjacent building obscured our client’s view of the sidewalk so that she could not reasonably be expected to see approaching bicycle traffic.
Opalewski v Allied Waste Systems, Inc., et al.
This was a unique case wherein Co Defendants ultimately agreed to settle with Plaintiff for an agreed upon amount, leaving the only issue for trial an apportionment of fault amongst Co-Defendants. This unique approach to trial capped the potential damage claim, dramatically reduced trial costs and expenses and resulted in a successful jury verdict for our clients.
Mikowski v Allied Waste
This admitted liability case against a garbage truck, which killed a 4-year-old girl was settled pre-suit. There were also injuries claimed by the deceased’s mother and sister, who were also in the vehicle. Ultimately, the driver of the garbage truck pled guilty to involuntary manslaughter. During a pre-suit facilitation, the matter was settled for $925,000, which was well below our authority.
Konstantinov v Gnida
High-profile case involving serious injuries to numerous Red Wing hockey players. The case concluded with a confidential Arbitration Award.
Hesse v Allied Waste, et al.
We initially evaluated the Hesse case with a verdict potential of $350,000 and estimated a 10% liability defense. We never wavered from this evaluation. The Case Evaluation Award in Hesse was $750,000, which the Third-Party Administrator recommended for settlement. The self-insured client authorized settlement up to $500,000 and wanted to admit liability. The jury returned a verdict of approximately $330,000 and assessed plaintiff with 10% comparative negligence. The client was thrilled.
Edinger v Allied Waste
This garbage truck case involved the death of a 50-year-old husband/father/grandfather. Plaintiff could blackboard over $7 million in economic damages. Liability was contested. The case evaluated for $1.5 million. On the eve of a trial date certain, the matter settled for $357,000.
Durham v Mattox
Our client attempted a U-turn from the far, right lane. In doing so, she turned directly in front of Plaintiff’s vehicle, which was traveling in the same direction, resulting in a T-bone collision. As a result, the 27- year-old plaintiff endured a comminuted fracture of his calcaneus, necessitating open reduction, internal fixation and plating, and a wrist fracture, which required percutaneous pinning. The case mediated for $65,000, which was consistent with the firm’s suit evaluation of $75,000. Before trial, Defendant offered $75,000 to plaintiff. In Durham, the jury determined our client was negligent and plaintiff had suffered a serious impairment. Unbelievably, the jury awarded plaintiff only $3,500 in damages. Even more amazing, the jury found plaintiff 47% comparatively negligent based on our argument he failed to keep a proper lookout. As such, the verdict was reduced to approximately $1,800. After mediation sanctions, however, plaintiff received nothing and owed our insurance client a rather significant sum.
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Hudson Valley Homes Sales Soar in Fourth Quarter
Prices Continue to Stabilize WHITE PLAINS—During the recession, Realtors in the Hudson Valley had to deal with the bad market that featured little sales activity and prices in free-fall. Today, conditions are much different, but Realtors now face dealing with both the good and the bad. The good is a robust sales market, the bad…
Veteran Real Estate Broker Marcene Hedayati Installed as 2016 President of HGAR
Renee Zurlo Takes Reins of HGMLS WHITE PLAINS—In a celebration befitting the organization’s 100th anniversary, the Hudson Gateway Association of Realtors held a gala event at the Ritz-Carlton Westchester hotel on Thursday, Jan. 21 to install its chief officers and directors for 2016. The highlight of the evening that drew more than 320 attendees was…
UPDATE: Hospital for Special Surgery to Establish Outpatient Center at Former IBM Building
WHITE PLAINS—The Hospital for Special Surgery will establish the largest outpatient center in its system here at 1133 Westchester Ave. at the end of 2017. In addition, Real Estate In-Depth has learned that property owner RPW Group is close to resurrecting a plan to build a hotel nearby. The Hospital for Special Surgery’s outpatient center…
GE Considers Westchester, But Winds Up Moving HQ to Boston
BOSTON—Although most likely a long shot, Westchester County officials were still disappointed when they learned that General Electric would not move its headquarters from Fairfield County across the New York State border to Westchester. GE officials reported on Jan. 13 that it would relocate its corporate headquarters from Fairfield, CT to Boston, MA. Perhaps…
Hudson Valley Home Sales Reach Pre-Recession Levels
Editor’s Note: The following is the full text version of the 2015 Fourth Quarter Residential Real Estate Sales Report for Westchester, Putnam, Rockland and Orange Counties, New York released today by the Hudson Gateway Multiple Listing Service, Inc. WHITE PLAINS—The recovery of the real estate market in the lower Hudson region continued apace in 2015…
$1.2 Billion Project Could Make Westchester a Biotech Destination
TARRYTOWN—While it may not transform Westchester County into the next Silicon Valley, Research Triangle or Cambridge, MA, the more than $1-billion in planned private investment in a project known as the “North 60” may raise the county’s status considerably as a viable biotechnology research location outside of New York City. Westchester County Executive Robert Astorino…
New Rochelle City Council Approves Massive Downtown Development Plan
NEW ROCHELLE—The New Rochelle City Council unanimously approved a new zoning plan on Dec. 8th that paves the way for millions of square feet of mixed-use development in the city’s downtown. The adoption of the Downtown Overlay Zone and Community Benefits Policy by the City Council on Tuesday evening concludes a year-long research, planning and…
Odell Talks Butterfield, Tilly Foster Farm And Brewster Bulldogs Professional Hockey
CARMEL—The year 2015 saw some changes in Putnam County government, from Tourism Director Libby Pataki taking leave to manage her husband former New York Gov. George Pataki’s Presidential bid to Putnam Economic Development Director Meghan Taylor leaving the PEDC to take on a key regional post with the Empire State Development Corp. However, the county…
HGAR Celebrates 20th Anniversary of Real Estate In-Depth Newspaper
WHITE PLAINS – In 2016,The Hudson Gateway Association of Realtors celebrates the 20th anniversary of the launch of its flagship monthly newspaper Real Estate In-Depth and is also acknowledging the 90th consecutive year of publishing a membership newspaper/magazine, in addition of course to the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Realtor association. For those…
Hudson Valley Loses Out on $500M Windfall
Gov. Andrew Cuomo at the CFA Awards announcement last week in AlbanyMid-Hudson Secures Nearly $91M in State Funding Mid-Hudson Secures Nearly $91M in State Funding ALBANY—This may well prove the case that the Mid-Hudson is not considered upstate. While the Mid-Hudson region’s economy will surely benefit from the $90.4 million for 109 projects from Gov.…
Governor to Announce Economic Development Awards Thursday
ALBANY—Economic development officials and business leaders from across New York State will be arriving in Albany for Thursday’s announcement of the annual economic development awards. There is a lot at stake at this year’s competition among the state’s regional councils, including the Mid-Hudson Regional Economic Development Council, since Gov. Andrew Cuomo is expected to hand…
Infrastructure Work to Begin in Early 2016 For Mixed-Use Project at Former GM Site
SLEEPY HOLLOW—With approvals in hand for its first phase of development, the developer of what is now being called the “Edge on Hudson” development at the former General Motors assembly plant property here expects to commence site work and necessary infrastructure upgrades in early 2016 to ready the site for what will be a massive…
SPOTLIGHT ON: Meet HGAR’s Realtor of the Year
Maryann Tercasio had no idea that she was about to be honored as the 2015 Realtor of the Year at the Association’s Annual Meeting in October. In fact, as HGAR President Drew Kessler read the description of the winner, Tercasio was trying to figure out if she knew who it was! “I was sitting there…
$250M Legoland Project in Play in Orange County
GOSHEN—Representatives of Legoland have confirmed that after being turned away by the Village of Haverstraw last month to build a $250-million Legoland Amusement Park there, the company is considering Orange County as a possible site. Orange County officials have been successful in attempting to persuade the developers of a $250-million Legoland–themed amusement park not to…
Chappaqua Crossing Set to Break Ground in 2016
WHITE PLAINS—If all goes according to plan it will be more than 11 years from the time the developer of the former Reader’s Digest corporate headquarters in Chappaqua acquired the property in December 2004 until it turns its first shovel on its mixed-use project on the 114-acre campus in early 2016. The archives of Real…
Developer Chides NY’s Approval Process
WHITE PLAINS—For the majority of his recent presentation before HGAR’s Commercial Investment Division, developer Felix Charney kept to his word and was upbeat and at times humorous about his firm’s 11-year journey to obtain approvals and build a mixed-use development at the former Reader’s Digest headquarters in Chappaqua. However, he did lash out at New…
Maryann Tercasio Named Realtor of the Year
TARRYTOWN—An estimated record 1,200 members of the Hudson Gateway Association of Realtors participated in the HGAR’s 99th Annual Meeting held on Oct. 19 at the DoubleTree Hotel in Tarrytown. The business portion of the all-day event was highlighted by the election of HGAR Officers and Directors, who will be led by 2016 HGAR President Marcene…
Westchester County Approves Incentives for Projects Worth Nearly $500 Million
WHITE PLAINS—The Westchester County Industrial Development Agency granted sales and mortgage tax exemptions to four development projects valued at a combined $496 million on Sept. 24th. The largest project by far is the $275-million redevelopment of the outdated and nearly vacant Westchester Pavilion mall. All four projects are expected to create more than 3,100 construction…
U.S. Appeals Court Backs HUD on Fair Housing Funding
Astorino Claims Vindication on Zoning NEW YORK—While Westchester County government officials say a recent ruling by the United Stats Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit offered “a major vindication” for the county’s position concerning local zoning and home rule, the court in fact sided with the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development on…
Chinese Investor Buying Yonkers Waterfront Projects
YONKERS—At the groundbreaking for the $85 million third and final phase of the Hudson Park waterfront rental apartment housing project called Hudson Park River Club here, it was revealed that Strategic Capital, a Chinese-based investment firm, is purchasing the two existing phases and is a partner on the final phase. Arthur Collins, president and co-principal…
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More sharia compliant (female only) swimming pools for Muslim women in UK
(Sutton Guardian) Sutton Council has launched its first female-only swimming session which it says is suitable for Muslim women.
The council said it had taken care to make sure Muslim women can take part by putting blinds on windows and having female lifeguards and pool staff.
It hopes the new sessions will allow more people in the community to take part in swimming.
Chairman of Sutton Women’s Forum and deputy leader of Sutton Council Councillor Ruth Dombey said: “Whether it’s for religious, cultural or personal reasons, some women prefer not to swim in the presence of men and these sessions give them that opportunity.”
The council says it arranged the weekly session after requests from residents. Women of all ages and abilities are welcome and swimming lessons can be arranged in response to demand.
Ms Dombey said: “There was clearly a local demand and I hope that the sessions prove a success.”
Opposition spokesman on health and adult social services Councillor Stuart Gordon-Bullock said: “If it’s going to encourage women to go swimming, then it’s a good idea.”
Leader of the opposition Councillor Paul Scully said: “Dividing people on cultural, religious and gender issues is not the best way forward.
“If the council is serious about equality and diversity issues it should not be putting barriers between people, it should be bringing people together.”
The swimming sessions will begin at Cheam Leisure Centre on Thursday, November 5 from 3pm to 4pm.
For more information contact Karen Holt on 020 8770 4610 or visit sutton.gov.uk.
h/t Creeping Sharia
Posted: Monday, November 02, 2009
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The CIA - at Home
excerpted from the book
The Lawless State
The crimes of the U.S. Inteligence Agencies
by Morton Halperin, Jerry Berman, Robert Borosage, Christine Marwick
Responding to enormous pressure from President Johnson to uncover the foreign links to the growing unrest of the late 1960s, the CIA opened up a new division within its Counter-Intelligence Branch. Over the next seven years, the program conducted by this special staff, known as Operation CHAOS, spied on more than 7,000 American citizens and 1,000 domestic organizations.
This was the most extensive, but not the first, CIA spying operation against Americans. For years the agency had been opening mail, burglarizing homes, wiretapping phones, and secretly watching the movements of unsuspecting individuals within the United States, all in violation of its legislative charter.
In 1947, when Congress voted to create the CIA as part of the National Security Act, there was great concern about whether the CIA could operate in the United States and against Americans.
Congress wanted to assure the public that this agency would not lead to the growth of a secret police. Responding to these suspicions, Dr. Vannevar Bush, an administration witness, explained that the agency was concerned only with intelligence "outside this country," and not with "internal affairs. To make sure, Congress wrote into the ClA's charter that the agency was prohibited from exercising "police, subpoena, or law-enforcement powers or internal security functions." Congressional debate made it clear that Congress anticipated that the CIA would simply not operate at home.
Two years later, with the passage of the Central Intelligence Agency Act of 1949, congressional apprehensions were again calmed by the assertion that the CIA had no jurisdiction within the United States, that it "has no connection with the FBI; it is not under the FBI, it does not do the same kind of work as the FBI. These public assertions, however, did not coincide with the ClA's secret growth of operations within the United States and the surveillance of Americans abroad.
Because of the public uproar that would have ensued if the agency had openly expanded its domestic operations, the CIA wrote its own secret charter. Through internal directives, executive orders, and pacts with other government agencies, the CIA expanded its authority to operate at home so that it eventually encompassed activities that unquestionably violated the law, as well as its congressional charter.
From the beginning, CIA justified its involvement in domestic activities in terms of supplementing its covert operations and intelligence gathering abroad. As was discussed in Chapter Two in detail, the CIA created an intricate system of front organizations and companies to provide cover for its clandestine work. It set up its own airlines and business firms, and formed dummy foundations to funnel secret money into domestic student groups, educational publications, and labor unions. Recruiting its agents from almost every sector of the private domain, the CIA turned students, missionaries, and journalists into spies abroad. The agency also used its authority to protect its "sources and methods" to justify spying on Americans in the United States.
COLLECTING FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE AT HOME
Immediately after the passage of the 1947 act, the National Security Council issued a secret internal order for the CIA, authorizing "the exploitation, on a highly selective basis within the United States, of business concerns, other governmental organizations and individuals as sources of foreign intelligence information. A year later, the CIA negotiated a "delimitation agreement" with the Federal Bureau o f Investigation, which spelled out the limits of CIA activities within the United States. The most effective check on CIA clandestine collection and operations in the United States was not congressional restrictions, but rather, the FBI's rigorous defense of what it -regarded as its own turf. Nevertheless, the CIA got permission to deal with defectors and to gather foreign intelligence against selected persons and enterprises.
During the cold war, émigrés from the Eastern European countries became prime sources of information for the agency within the United States. Later, in its war against Fidel Castro, the CIA heavily infiltrated the Cuban community based in Miami, and created its own network of spies. For over a decade, beginning in 1960, Cuban refugees were paid by the agency to spy on their neighbors, and report their findings to the CIA. While on the CIA payroll, and reportedly at CIA direction, Cuban exiles even launched a campaign to boycott products manufactured by countries trading with Castro's government, and organized picket lines in front of foreign embassies. One Cuban explained the operation as originally a counterintelligence effort, "but it soon became domestic snooping plain and simple. He added, "As far as I know they haven't discovered a single Castro spy here, but they sure made many detailed reports, including gossip, about personal lives of prominent Cubans, if anything usurping the functions of the FBI.
By 1963, the CIA had become so intimately involved with briefing and debriefing its agents, and coordinating their activities within the United States, it created an extremely secret Domestic Operations Division. Explained in a classified document, the division was to "exercise centralized responsibility for the direction, support, and coordination of clandestine operational activities of the Clandestine Services conducted within the United States against foreign targets. Among its activities was the burglarizing of foreign embassies at the request of the National Security Agency.
Not all CIA foreign-intelligence-gathering efforts on the domestic front were so clearly in violation of the law. Perhaps the one legitimate domestic network established within the country was the Domestic Contact Service (DCS). Authorized in a secret directive, the service set up field offices around the country to gather foreign intelligence from willing and open sources. CIA agents would normally interview American businessmen, scholars, or even tourists after their return from travels abroad. Sometimes, however, when the agency learned of a trip to a certain country beforehand, it would approach the traveler in advance to request specific information to be investigated.
When the CIA as a whole began to conduct surveillance of Americans, the Domestic Contact Service was drawn into the process. In early 1969, the service began to receive an increasing volume of reports on "black militant activity," and opened a new case on the subject. Since some of the material was related to foreign contacts, the DCS routed it to Operation CHAOS, the ClA's major program for spying on dissident groups. The ball was set in motion, and a few months later, Operation CHAOS requested DCS to expand its coverage to include all black militants, radical youth groups, radical underground newspapers, and deserter and draft resistance organizations. CHAOS also requested specific information from the DCS, such as background information on twenty-eight co-conspirators indicted in the Chicago riots, and full coverage of the legal proceedings of the trial. For four years, the Contact Service provided both Operation CHAOS and the FBI with hundreds of reports on domestic political activity, further adding to their already bulging files. In light of its newfound capabilities, the Domestic Contact Service was transferred from the Intelligence Directorate to the Operations Directorate in 1973."
OPERATION CHAOS
In August 1967, the CIA created the Special Operations Groups within the Counter-lntelligence Division. Richard Ober, chosen to head the new project known as Operation CHAOS, was uniquely suited to the job. In early 1967, Ramparts magazine had exposed CIA secret funding of the National Student Association, causing acute embarrassment to the agency. In response, Ober was assigned to investigate members of the staff of the magazine and their friends, in an effort to discover any connection with hostile foreign intelligence agencies. (CIA also urged the IRS to open an investigation on the magazine's tax-exempt status.) By the time Ober began work at Operation CHAOS headquarters, he had already proved his credentials by indexing several hundred names of American citizens, and creating almost fifty files.
From the beginning, the program was predicated on the belief that the foreign connection existed, and it was just a matter of finding it. CHAOS agents were to watch antiwar activists in their travels abroad for this purpose. The first action taken by the new Special Operations Group was to cable all CIA field offices abroad, outlining the need to keep tabs on "radical students and U.S. negro expatriots," in order to find the extent to which "Soviet, Chicoms [Chinese Communists] and Cubans are exploiting our domestic problems in terms of espionage and subversion.
The agency thus monitored the overseas movements of countless antiwar activists as they traveled around the world, as well as ex-patriots. The CIA burglarized their hotel rooms and their homes, eavesdropped on their conversations and bugged their phones. The internal directives issued to provide "guidance" regarding who should be the targets for intelligence collection abroad reflected the confusion and frustration of the government effort as a whole. Field offices were instructed to look for connections between United States groups and "communist, communist front, or other anti-American foreign elements abroad. A November 1967 memo called on agents overseas to report on foreign relationships, which "might range from casual contacts based on mutual interest to clearly controlled channels for party directives. Two years later, a directive from Tom Huston, a White House assistant, explained that "support should be liberally construed to include all activities by foreign communists designed to encourage domestic groups in any way. The White House and the agency were grasping at straws. Enormous amounts of useless information were gathered because it was not clear when and how the intelligence might be used. Ober directed his agents to collect "any material, regardless of how innocuous the information may appear.
To deal with this massive influx of material, from other agencies as well from as the CIA, the agency set up a highly mechanized system. Whenever the name of an individual or organization showed up as a result of these efforts, it was analyzed, indexed, and filed in the CHAOS computer system known as HYDRA. By programming a specific name, an agent could instantly retrieve all cables, documents, or memoranda that even mentioned the target.
Due to pressure from President Nixon the CHAOS staff was increased to over fifty, and by i959, CHAOS began to develop its own agents abroad who would focus entirely on the task at hand. In order to track political activists abroad, these agents went through a process of establishing their "credentials" within the radical movement in this country. During their training period, they would be extensively debriefed by their advisers, and CIA gained purely domestic information. In fact, so much reporting went on that one agent was likened to a "vacuum cleaner.' Another actually became an officer within his organization, while yet another became an adviser in a United States congressional campaign, and furnished CHAOS reports on behind-the-scenes activity of the campaign. In one instance, a CHAOS agent, on leave from his spying activities abroad, rejoined his unwitting friends in the radical community and reported extensively on their private lives and personal relationships.
Spying on radicals in this country was also an incidental result of agents being trained by the CIA to penetrate foreign intelligence agencies, as part of a program called "Project 2." After a period of basic training, these agents would enroll at a university and feign involvement in some activist group. Although the trainees were told by their case officers not to gather domestic information, one agent, for example, submitted a sixty-page report over a three-week period, including information on a planned demonstration, groups meetings, and activities relating to the women's movement. While abroad, these agents, although not specifically assigned to CHAOS, were valuable assets to the overall collection effort.
Throughout the CHAOS operation, the FBI was not only the major recipient of the massive flow of memos, reports, and clippings from the CIA, but also the most generous donor. By June 1970, the FBI was sending in reports to the CIA at the rate of 1,000 a month. In addition, the two agencies extensively briefed and debriefed each other's agents, with the bureau submitting specific questions to be answered by CHAOS infiltrators. By 1972, some twenty FBI informants were actually working abroad under CIA direction and control.
As the purported expert on foreign ties to the American peace movement, the CIA prepared a number of major studies on the subject. One report, known as "Restless Youth," was a thick volume analyzing the international student movement, including a long section on the Students for a Democratic Society. Another study's very title, "Definition and Assessment of Existing Internal Security Threat-Foreign," exemplifies the extent to which the CIA was operating outside its congressional charter. The Domestic Contact Service also produced a series of reports, including one on the background of certain individuals who had accused the CIA of involvement in the assassination of the black leader Malcolm X. Ironically, all these studies concluded that the domestic dissent was a product of social and political conditions in this country, and not the result of an international conspiracy. As late as 1971, when Operation CHAOS had grown to grand proportions, a report was issued confirming "there is no evidence . . . that foreign governments, organizations or intelligence services control U.S. new left movements. The program continued to expand its scope, not because its activities provided any leads, but in order to prove the opposite. Richard Ober explained the phenomenon:
. . . to respond with any degree of knowledge as to whether there is significant foreign involvement in a group . . . one has to know whether each and every one of these persons has any connection . . . having checked many, many names, and coming up with no significant directions, one can say with some degree of confidence that there is no significant involvement.
In its continuing search for that illusive connection, the CIA worked in concert with every intelligence agency of the federal government. The Justice Department gave the CIA thousands of names to be put on file, while army intelligence officers briefed CIA agents on domestic radicals. Other federal agencies submitted names to be placed on the "watch list" for ClA's mail-opening program, while the CIA submitted its targets for the National Security Agency's program of intercepting cable traffic. Even friendly intelligence agencies of other countries were asked to assist. At times, the agencies even put pressure on each other to step up their activities against the peace movement. In a letter from CIA Director Helms to FBI Director Hoover in 1970, Helms encouraged the FBI to reinstate its domestic mail-opening program, which had been discontinued in 1966. Helms, stressing the need for expanded coverage of the Soviet bloc, the New Left, and foreign agents, urged continued cooperation in gathering intelligence on "bombings, hijackings, assassination, and the demeaning of law enforcement officers.
The CIA was well aware that it had violated its charter by becoming so intimately involved in the internal security apparatus of America. A cover letter from Helms to Henry Kissinger, accompanying the Operation CHAOS report "Restless Youth," warned that "this is an area not within the charter of this Agency, and I need not emphasize how extremely sensitive this makes the paper. As domestic operations expanded, there was increasing discomfort among those being asked to carry them out. Some area division chiefs wanted nothing to do with Operation CHAOS. In fact, the reaction was so negative at times that CIA Director Helms was forced to send out a memo in 1969 calling for full support of the program, and assuring the stations that this was within the statutory authority of the agency. An inspector general's report on CHAOS written in 1972 reflects the growing uneasiness:
We also encountered general concern over what appeared to constitute a monitoring of the political views and activities of Americans not known to be or suspected of being involved in espionage.... stations were asked to report on the whereabouts and activities of prominent persons . . . whose comings and goings were not only in the public domain, but for whom allegations of subversion seemed sufficiently nebulous to raise renewed doubts as to the nature and legitimacy of the CHAOS program.
Agency officials, however, refused to acknowledge illegality either to the public or to their own personnel. In a speech to the American Society of Newspaper Editors in April 1971, CIA Director Helms totally denied rumors that the CIA was involved in domestic spying. Referring to the 1947 ban on the exercise of police and law enforcement powers, Helms declared, "We do not have any such powers and functions; we have never sought any; we do not exercise any; . . . in short, we do not target on American citizens. Helms was later to refer to this public assertion in a talk given to his own employees, when he added, ". . . you can rely on these denials. Helms's statements dramatically demonstrate how breaking the law forces endless Iying, deceit, and cover-up.
Before it came to an end, Project CHAOS compiled what the Rockefeller Commission described as a veritable mountain of material. It had created personality files on over 13,000 people, including some 7,000 American citizens, and subject files on 1,000 domestic organizations.
The CIA spied on the whole spectrum of peace activist and civil rights groups. CHAOS agents followed the activities of the organizations' leaders abroad, spied on their meetings, broke into their hotel rooms, and sent thousands of cables back to headquarters detailing their activities. Three hundred thousand names of American citizens were cross-indexed within agency files, and thousands of Americans were placed on "watch lists" to have their mail opened and their telegrams read.
Operation CHAOS finally came to an end in 1974, as part of the winding down of the massive surveillance programs of the late 1960s and early 1970s. In general, specific programs were ended either because public dissent was in fact subsiding, or out of fear that the programs would be exposed. There was never a reevaluation of the ClA's domestic role, and in fact, the agency continues its operations at home and against Americans abroad. On February 17, 1976, President Gerald Ford issued an executive order that claims to place restraints on the intelligence agencies' illegal activities, but in fact authorizes and ratifies their continuation.
In that order, the CIA is authorized to conduct clandestine operations to gather foreign intelligence information from foreigners in the United States, as well as Americans believed to be acting on behalf of a "foreign power." The order reaffirms ClA's broad mandate to conduct investigations of Americans who are potential recruits, or whose activities pose a threat to agency security. The most alarming charter given to CIA is the power to infiltrate, "for the purpose of reporting on or influencing activities," organizations primarily composed of foreign nationals. The obvious targets for such disruption are immigrant groups and foreign student organizations. Here for the first time, CIA is officially allowed to conduct covert operations in America. The agency still spies on Americans abroad, still accepts requests from the FBI to put traveling citizens under surveillance, and claims the right to wiretap and burglarize American homes and apartments overseas.
The 1947 ban on domestic involvement remains inoperative.
National Security Agency watch
CIA watch
FBI watch
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You are here: Home » International » India-US trade tensions threaten the ties that bind
India-US trade tensions threaten the ties that bind
The US is already mired in a deepening trade conflict with China, the world’s most populous nation. Now it appears to be on course for one with the world’s second most populous — India.
While the US-China trade conflict dominated headlines for the last year, trade tensions between New Delhi and Washington have been quietly simmering in the background.
They have come to the boil in recent weeks. Earlier this month, the US suspended Indian trade privileges from its Generalized System of Preferences (GSP), a 43-year-old program which gives US market access to less developed economies. India had been the biggest beneficiary of the scheme.
India said that it would hit back with tariff hikes and those levies duly took effect at the weekend — 28 specified US imports to India, including agricultural products such as lentils, chickpeas, apples and walnuts, are now subject to significantly higher rates than previously.
With testy language now having given way to actual measures, there is uncertainty as to how the US-India trade relationship will develop from here.
Much emphasis is being put on a meeting due to take place in New Delhi toward the end of the month between US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo and his Indian counterpart, Subrahmanyam Jaishankar, ahead of the G20 summit in Japan which takes place from June 28-29.
More than almonds and shrimp to this relationship
The US-India relationship is very important on several levels. Their security alliance, a long-established pillar of US foreign policy, has been complemented in recent years by a growing trade relationship. The US buys more Indian exports than any other country.
According to the US state department, US-India bilateral trade reached $142 billion (€126 billion) in 2018, amounting to a massive sevenfold increase since 2001. Just last month, the Indo-American Chamber of Commerce said that figure could jump to $500 billion annually within five years.
However, the US has long taken issue with what it sees as unfair protectionist measures by the Indian government, including high tariffs and other trade barriers, which Washington says contributes to the huge trade deficit between the countries. India exports far more to the US than it imports from the country. According to the MIT Observatory of Economic Complexity, the deficit stood at almost $20 billion in 2017.
With trade one of the primary calling cards of Donald Trump’s presidency so far and his election campaign before that, it should perhaps not be surprising that it is now a bone of contention in the US-India relationship. Yet many observers have been surprised by the speed of the gear shift.
At his first official meeting with Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi in 2017, Trump purred that US-India relations had “never been stronger.”
Within a year, the countries were increasing tariffs on each other — the US refused to exempt India from the wide-ranging tariffs it levied on steel and aluminum imports, while India targeted US food products such as almonds and shrimp. Trump had also started to loudly question the benefits Indian exporters were receiving through the GSP.
Flipping out over Flipkart
Now Indian exporters of around $6 billion worth of goods ranging from chemical products to diamonds, textiles to crustaceans face reduced access in their biggest foreign market while US farmers will face tariffs of around 100% on several food products for which India is one of the main customers.
Yet how damaging it will ultimately be to US-India trade volumes remains to be seen. The Indian tariffs, in effect since Sunday morning, cover around $1.4 billion of goods, which is not a monumental amount in the overall US-India trading relationship.
How other aspects of the countries’ economic relationship play out may prove just as significant. Washington was irked earlier this year when India announced a regulatory clampdown on US e-commerce giants like Amazon and Flipkart (Indian-founded but now owned by Walmart).
Huawei is another potential sore point. The Chinese tech giant has plans for expansion in India and hopes to play a role in building the country’s 5G network, something Washington is unlikely to take too kindly.
For its part, India is less than impressed by US threats to impose sanctions if the country buys oil from Iran and if it proceeds with plans to purchase Russian anti-aircraft missiles.
Let’s be friends again?
Yet, while recent developments have put a strain on US-India relations, it is still a world away from the enmity which has come to define the US-China trade relationship. The tariff volumes also pale in comparison.
The meeting slated for later this month may yet produce a “deal” of some kind, which could go some way to cooling tensions.
Pompeo recently said the US was open to restoring India’s preferential trade treatment, offering a chink of light that a resolution could be reached. “We’ll probably discuss the recent decision on the GSP program,” he said.
However he added that he hoped “India will drop their trade barriers and trust in the competitiveness of their own companies, their own businesses, their own people and private sector companies,” a nod to the kind of gestures the US will be seeking in return.
India-US trade 2019-06-18
Tagged with: India-US trade
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Order Out of Chaos: the Rule of Three
Posted by The Stranger in Correspondence
As I said, the model can’t be applied holistically; the implementation must be sequential: that is, each component is implemented to address specific issues as they arise, be they metaphysical, spiritual or ethical. The components don’t fit together organically because we live in a post-synthetic age[1], where our thinking about life is informed more by empirical knowledge than by pure, internally consistent, reasoning. This is certainly the basis of my approach which (as I indicated in the personal anecdotes) has been shaped by the loss of my younger self’s religion-based world view and by subsequent attempts to understand life by examining the facts of my existence.
One of the characteristics of the post-synthetic era is a sense of flux and fragmentation
This is probably a good point to acknowledge one of the (no doubt many) shortcomings of my approach. It is, at its core, emotional rather than rational because it’s a response to a specific event—an existential crisis in my youth. No, I’m not playing the victim card; it’s a fact and I need to put it out there as a matter of full disclosure.
That said, I’m hardly alone. One of the characteristics of the post-synthetic era is a sense of flux and fragmentation. That has a basis in historical and cultural fact: it’s there in the modernist movement (think T. S. Eliot’s “The Waste Land”, Joyce’s “Ulysses”, Woolf’s stream of consciousness etc.) and in our own post-modernist, post-fact, post-truth, post-West, culturally relativist era. The coherence in the pluralistic model lies, perhaps paradoxically, in acknowledging its incoherence, arguing that the incoherence is consistent with the flavour of contemporary life, understanding the implications, and applying that understanding systematically in the way we think.
Under the brown fog of a winter dawn….
The way I do this is through the “Rule of Three”, which is my way of rationalising the incoherence of daily life into something manageable. It’s based on the idea that experience breaks down into three categories—change, continuity and crisis—and that the idea applies as much to general history as it does to individual lives. The model is consistent with this, as follows: change corresponds to the active, socially conscientious lives lived by my father’s side of the family, which I wish to emulate (ethics); continuity corresponds to the cultural affiliation to religion and tradition (“spiritual epistemology”) and crisis corresponds to the alienation that I’m trying to escape or overcome. For ease of reference, I commonly refer to change in this triad as “alpha”, continuity as “beta” and crisis (or disruption) as “gamma”.
There is of course a fourth element which is something of a special case—the metaphysical solution or Esse. This is associated with continuity or stability but, because of its theoretical pre-eminence, I assign it the unique status of “super-beta”.
At some stage, I’ll share some examples with you of how the Rule of Three works in practice but, for now, trust me, it does….
[1] I’m thinking of Hans Reisenbach here, in “The Rise of Scientific Philosophy”. But I often wonder about the biggest project in physics today, the attempt to reconcile the general theory of relativity and quantum theory. Isn’t that a form of synthesis?
Pic source here
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LA ShortsFest - Grief
September 06, 2016 by Carmela Baranowska
Psychological thriller about a young woman Audrey, who tries to find out whether or not her mentally ill sister really committed suicide.
Interview with Writer/Director Joanna Krawczyk
I have made the film as part of the program at the New York Film Academy, which I am attending. I have also always been intrigued by what is happening in one’s mind - the discovery of the darker, deeper feelings and thoughts that occur whether we are mentally ill or not. Everyone has a time in their life, when they are trying to find themselves, their identity and answer the question of who they are.
It’s a short, psychological thriller that takes you on the journey through the labyrinth of Audrey’s mind. Even though it’s a surreal, stylized piece, you can relate to Audrey’s struggle and want to find out what happened to her dead sister and anyone gets scared of their own minds sometimes.
I’ve always been fascinated by one’s struggle with his/her own mind. The internal conflict is often my cue in creating characters. I am also interested in death - fragmentary or complete, mental or physical, as a part of life.
It took us a year since I started writing the script until we finished post-production. It was a challenging and exciting time working on “Grief.” I pay a lot of attention to pre-production and preparation before I go on the set. However, I discovered that I was making the most difficult directorial decisions in post-production.
I had a wonderful team, without which “Grief” would have never been able to turn out like it did.
Very positive, surprisingly :) With a surreal piece like this one, the audience often has mixed feelings, and the opinions are extreme - viewers either love it or hate it, which I think is good - it means that the film evokes emotions.
Yes, very much so. I’m thankful that it was chosen for Official Selection at LA Shorts Fest, because it shows that the audience might be still interested in an abstract form in moviemaking. It gives me hope :)
I hope that the film can get more recognition, since LA Shorts Fest is the first competition for “Grief.”
I’m very much hoping to get the interest of film festival directors, managers and agents, since this is my first film. It would be valuable for the film to reach as many people as possible, because of both its form and content.
I wish “Grief” to be able to reach as many viewers as possible and that they will be able to find something for themselves: emotion, thoughts and experience. I love when a film is open for many different interpretations. While getting feedback I came across various interpretations of the ending and I hope the audience will see it as an advantage.
How much would you sacrifice to find out the truth? What if you find it out and then you wish you didn’t know?
Would you like to add anything else
I would like to invite everyone to come see “Grief” on Tuesday. I keep fingers crossed for the film at this festival as well as the other ones since it’s only the beginning of the festival journey for “Grief.”
What are the key creatives developing or working on now?
We are trying to get “Grief” into the festivals to give it as much recognition as it can get. I am also working on a feature script and my thesis short.
Interview: September 2016
Having just lost her mentally ill sister, Audrey enlists the aid of a psychiatrist to cope and find out what really happened to Alice. The psychiatrist introduces Audrey to the world of dreams in which she is supposed to find the answers to all of her questions, but instead, finds hints that ultimately help herunderstand the truth about herself.
Length: 12 min. 43 sec.
Director: Joanna Krawczyk
Writer: Joanna Krawczyk
Since the early years Joanna Krawczyk has started developing passion for film and photography. Currently she is a student at the New York Film Academy, studying BFA in Filmmaking. Her debut short film is “Grief.”
Producer: Tatiana Chelisheva
Tatiana Chelisheva graduated New York Film Academy with MFA in Producing in Los Angeles. While at the Academy, she has produced several festival successful live action and documentary short films and has become the first student in her course to be allowed to do a feature film as her final project.
Key cast:
Miranda Bentley
Michael Laurie
Looking for (producers, sales agents, buyers, distributors, film festival directors, journalists): I’m looking for anyone, who is interested and sees the potential in “Grief.” I would love to meet film festival directors, distributors, managers, agents and producers!
My lovely mom helped me finance the project.
Made in association with:
New York Film Academy
Where can I watch it in the next month? September 6th at 9:55 pm at Regal LA Live as part of LA Shorts Fest competition.
September 06, 2016 /Carmela Baranowska
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