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ERROR: type should be string, got "https://www.agein.com/experimental-shingles-vaccine-shows-promise-through-phase-three-trial-11020 Experimental Shingles Vaccine Shows Promise through Phase Three Trial Agein Editorial Agein 2016-09-16T11:20:53Z 2016-10-10 11:19:15 News\nExperimental Shingles Vaccine Shows Promise through Phase Three Trial\nThe results of a phase 3 clinical trial have just been published, and show that an experimental shingles vaccine has been successful in older adults. Considering the long-term pain that shingles causes, this is promising news.\nIn Brief: Shingles\nShingles is an infection that can occur in people who have previously had chickenpox. Dormant remains of the chickenpox virus become reactivated and begin to affect the nerves and skin. This commonly takes the form of a painful rash, but can also result in a complication called “post-herpetic neuralgia” (PHN). This is a nervous issue that can result in long-term pain, even after the rash goes away. Shingles infections usually go away within a matter of weeks or months, but some cases have been known to last for years.\nThere is an existing shingles vaccine, called Zostavax, which can reduce a person’s risk of developing shingles by around 50%. However, the vaccine wears off after about five years, and a 50% reduction, while good, definitely leaves room for improvement.\nIn Brief: Clinical Trials\nHuman clinical trials progress through three phases. Phase 1 is meant to establish dosage levels, phase 2 tests for safety and how well the drug works in ideal conditions, and phase 3 tests safety and how well the drug works in real-world circumstances. A phase 3 trial is the last step before FDA approval can be sought for a treatment.\nThe Experimental Vaccine\nThe experimental vaccine, called HZ/su (sexy brand names tend to come later), attempts to stimulate active immunity. This means that it uses a weakened piece of the live virus, combined with an adjuvant (ingredient to enhance immune system response), to create a strong and long-lasting immunity to the disease.\nHZ/su’s phase 3 trial featured 13,900 adults, aged 70 or over, and took its population from 18 different countries. Participants were given either the vaccine or a placebo, and were monitored for four years. During this period, the placebo group developed 223 cases of shingles. In the vaccine group, only 23 did.\nSome short-lived side effects were also observed. These took the form of fatigue, muscle pain, or pain around the injection site, and they lasted around seven days after injection.\nWhat This Means\nThe painful rash of shingles can cause significant suffering in older adults, even when ignoring the possibility of post-herpetic neuralgia. The HZ/su shingles vaccine has gone through the rigorous clinical process, and its results are both promising and close to being a reality for patients. It is probable that the vaccine’s creators will seek FDA approval at some point in the near future.\nCunningham, A., et al., “Efficacy of the Herpes Zoster Subunit Vaccine in Adults 70 Years of Age or Older,” New England Journal of Medicine, 2016; 10.1056/NEJMoa1603800."

ERROR: type should be string, got "https://www.americancityandcounty.com/wp-content/themes/acc_child/assets/images/logo/footer-logo.png\nSmart Cities Council\nCo-op Solutions\nAmerican City & County Awards\nMunicipal Cost Index – Archive\nReprints & Reuse\nMunicipal Cost Index\nSubscribe to AC&C\nManage AC&C Subscription\nSubscribe to GovPro\nManage GovPro Subscription\nPrivacy Stament\nSmart Cities & Technology\nInfrastructure, connectivity, and the two-tier American economy\nStrategic technology consultant Dale Neef describes several strategies for bringing high-speed broadband to rural communities.\nWritten by contributor\nBy Dale Neef\nThe Trump Administration’s infrastructure proposal has been criticized for the modest amount of money being offered by the federal government and the formula machinations states would have to go through in order to get those funds. What was really surprising about the proposal was that it showed no appreciation for the transformative changes that are just around the corner with the shared, electrified, autonomous vehicle (AV) economy.\nTransportation infrastructure is no longer just about readable road signs or repainting no-passing zone stripes; from now on, it’s all about connectivity.\nin the next two decades signs, curbs, traffic lights, and the roads themselves, will have embedded chips transmitting information concerning speed, location and direction that autonomous vehicles will sense and respond to in real time. Small cell 5G technologies attached to poles and signs will allow vehicles to sense pedestrians, or bicyclists, or other vehicles.\nUltimately all of this data will need to be passed to the Internet through fiber optic cable. That’s why in cities and suburbs private carriers are investing in fiber in a big way. They understand that without fiber optic cable, you don’t have high-speed broadband, or 5G and small cell technology, or sensor-to-sensor connectivity, or big data collection capabilities. In short, without fiber optic cable availability, you can’t really participate in the AV economy.\nFiber availability will soon be nearly universal for Americans living in cities and suburbs – these areas are attracting so much private capital that they really don’t need federal funds.\nBut that’s not true of our rural communities which today are still languishing with rudimentary copper and cable technologies, or often no broadband availability at all. According to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), nearly 40% of people living in rural areas (23.4 million people) still have no access to threshold broadband levels of 25/3 Mbps, (this compared with 4 percent of city residents). Even, worse, nearly one quarter of the entire population living in rural areas – 14.5 million people – still can’t access even basic broadband of 4/1 Mbps.\nThis is already a serious issue in today’s “Gig” economy, because high-speed broadband affects everything from education to employment, health care to economic development. But it will be even worse for dying towns and rural communities if they are overlooked during the next phase of digital evolution – especially while Americas living in the cities are about to experience a generational economic and digital boom. If we can’t figure out a way to provide rural communities with high-speed broadband, the (non)arrival of shared, autonomous vehicles will only exacerbate the growing digital divide – and the sense that small town and rural Americans are second-class citizens.\nThe answer? First, significantly increase federal funding for rural high-speed broadband, matched with a program to encourage regional co-ops and utilities to combine optical fiber deployment with provision of charging stations tied to the electrical grid (in a 2017 white paper, the FCC estimated that it would cost $40 billion to provide all but the most isolated areas of America with high-speed broadband).\nSecond, the federal government should encourage regional enterprise corridors and extended economic zones by bolstering independent agencies such as the Appalachian Regional Commission, the Delta Regional Authority, and the Northern Border Regional Commission.\nFinally, leveraging federal funding and public private partnerships (P3s), these agencies should work toward digitally connecting hospitals, schools and libraries in rural areas. These “anchor institutions,” acting as the foundation of a regional fiber network, are natural bedfellows with AV technologies. Combined, they can be the basis for revitalizing and reconnecting isolated areas: serving an aging population, attracting new business, and providing an incentive for students and younger workers to remain local.\nOne of the mantras in the AV community is that AVs should have no jurisdictional boundaries. Yet without significant funding for rural broadband infrastructure, that is exactly what will happen – our shared, autonomous vehicle economy will be stopping at the city limits.\nDale Neef is a strategic technology consultant and the author of “Digital Exhaust: What Everyone Should Know About Big Data, Digitization and Digitally Driven Innovation.” He is on the American Planning Association’s smart city task force and is a member of the International City and County Management Association (ICMA).\nTags: Smart Cities & Technology Commentaries Commentary\nHigh-performing, efficient and reliable IT infrastructure for the government sector\nOften supporting a number of departments, municipalities face unique IT challenges related to limitations on budgets and resources including a lack of dedicated IT staff. These challenges become more prominent as cities grow, increasing the need for additional resources. As a result, municipal IT infrastructures need to be cost-effective, responsive, simple, scalable and must include disaster […]\nTwo cities announce ransomware attacks two weeks into 2020\nBarely two weeks have passed in 2020, and already, two cities have announced that they’ve been the victims of cyber attacks. Dunwoody, Ga., announced on Jan. 9 that its computer systems were attacked on Christmas Eve, according to Reporter Newspapers. No data was compromised in the attack; however, the city’s IT contractor, InterDev, shut down […]\nUtilities, telecom companies in 5G street light fight\nBig wireless network operators like AT&T and Verizon are hungrily eying your neighborhood street light as the perfect home for their 5G small cell transmitters. After all, those light poles already offer a reliable source of electricity, and they’re often located in just the right place to push 5G signals into your home or office. […]\nRansomware attacks hit at least four local governments in December 2019\nA Dec. 17 ransomware attack on a sheriff’s office brought the total number of attacks on local governments to at least four in just one month. The attacks have not been confined to one area. As American City & County previously reported, Pensacola, Fla. was hit with an attack on Dec. 7, while New Orleans […]\nThe right playbook to fight against ransomware\nNYPD pulls fingerprint database offline due to ransomware scare\nOne year in: how transparency shapes and improves city performance\nThe top 23 hyperconnected U.S. cities\nOpportunity zones are attracting investment into low-income areas across the country. How can your community take a… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…\nIn a symbolic vote, the Richmond, #Virginia, City Council requested that the state government give municipalities t… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…\nSee how a supply-chain veteran achieves efficiencies and trims costs as #Illinois airport consolidates purchasing o… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…\nCan #AI really help smaller municipalities manage road maintenance? See how the #Pittsburgh township of North Hunti… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…\nFollowing a presidential executive order, Beltrami County, #Minnesota., voted 3-2 on Jan. 7, to prohibit #refugees… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…\nAfter the great recession in 2011 California Public Employee's Retirement System was only 61% funded. Fast forward… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…\nSmart Columbus Ride & Drive Roadshow was designed to educate central #ohio residents about #electricvehicles. Read… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…\nSign up for American City & County’s newsletters to receive regular news and information updates about local governments.\nLearn from experts in the public and private sectors about best practices and how to optimize your government’s operations.\nUpdated monthly since 1978, our exclusive Municipal Cost Index shows the effects of inflation on the cost of providing municipal services\nWant to reach our digital and print audiences? Learn more here.\nIWCE’s Urgent Communications\nIWCE Expo\nFOLLOW American City and County ON SOCIAL"