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Jane Freebury
Film Reviews, Interviews, Film Features
At home with The Truth: interview with director Hirokazu Kore-ada
December 15, 2019 Jane Freebury
By © Jane Freebury
After winning the top prize at Cannes festival last year for his film, Shoplifters, the director Hirokazu Kore-ada went to work on a new project in France.
He had something quite different up his sleeve. It was to be set in a grand old Parisian home with a leafy garden, the domicile of someone rich and famous, and a world away from his impoverished band of thieves who live together as family on the fringes of society in Tokyo.
Actually, The Truth had been in development for some time with Juliette Binoche, the French star of renown. And Kore-ada had a screenplay to polish up and already one or two other actors in mind. American actor Ethan Hawke (Before Sunrise trilogy), who is an ease in French language cinema, for starters.
Lumir (Juliette Binoche) and Hank (Ethan Hawke) with daughter Charlotte (Clementine Grenier)
Kore-ada’s other idea was getting Catherine Deneuve on board. An icon of French cinema since the 1960s, Deneuve is an imposing 76 years old, with a leonine head of hair and a ‘don’t-even-think-about-it’ expression on her classic features.
He wanted her for the character Fabienne, an ageing film star still performing who is estranged from her screenwriter daughter, Lumir (Binoche), who lives in New York. Things come to a head when Lumir returns to France to celebrate the publication of her mother’s memoir.
A French person would never think of that. That’s wild
How did Kore-ada get the two of them, Binoche and Deneuve, in their first ever collaboration on screen?
‘I was developing this with Juliette Binoche for years. When I suggested that we ask Catherine Deneuve to play the mother, Juliette said it would be a big challenge for her, as well as a great honour.
‘When I told the French staff it was the direction I wanted to go in, they came back and said, you know, a French person would never think of that. That’s wild.’
Wild, indeed. Yet there is ample space for both onscreen in this subtle, layered family drama. The Truth is an intriguing double act with two iconic French actors, a generation apart, who share the screen. Ethan Hawke is there too, as Hank, Lumir’s husband, a TV actor as often at rehab as he is in work.
What was it like working with Deneuve? ‘She will always be able to give you the take you want,’ says Kore-ada. ‘The really interesting thing is that she knows when she has given it to you. She’ll have a moment of inspiration, then, bang, it will come out, and she’ll tell you “oh, that was the one”’.
I have read elsewhere that she tends not to arrive on set until noon and prefers to work in Paris, though Kore-ada does not mention this.
Bringing a child into the world is not enough to make you a parent
In The Truth, Binoche and Deneuve each play both a mother and a daughter at different points. Lumir has arrived with her daughter Charlotte (Clementine Grenier) and Fabienne’s current role is as a daughter in a time-travelling story, ‘Memories of My Mother’, a tale with a far-fetched plot that pokes a bit of fun at the high seriousness of science fiction.
The beauty of Kore-ada’s films is their exploration of family, family in its many manifestations, family with blood ties and ‘families’ without. He has observed that one of his major realisations in life is that bringing a child into the world is not enough to make you a parent, and that the concept of family needs constant reaffirmation. Will he continue exploring this fundamental human relationship?
‘It’s one of those subjects that you never arrive at a final definitive answer.’ But we shall see.
Kore-ada, incidentally, speaks neither English nor French. This interview a couple of weeks ago was conducted through an interpreter.
How is it possible to make a film in France when you don’t speak French, or English? Kore-ada works closely with his Japanese-French speaking translator, Lea Le Dimna, who he met at the Marrakech film festival. ‘In the past five years since I met her, I’ve consistently hired her services.’ Her familiarity with how Kore-ada communicates his working methods has made her indispensable.
How did he find it working with a French cast and crew? ‘One of the key differences working with French people is that they pretty much say what they think and tell you face to face, whereas if you are Japanese you might hold back, and stay silent about those things.
‘I was sort of aware of that difference and wanted to incorporate it, that they would say what they think, and that much is a very integral part of this film.’
It’s such an interesting observation that seems to fit with the observation that Shoplifters offers another perspective on the official narrative about well-being in Japanese family and society.
I suggest that The Truth plays with the naked truth, the embellished truth and the unspoken truth, while it develops a recognition of the position that each character is coming from.
‘You’re absolutely right,’ he says, to general laughter. It’s more important than agreeing on the truth.
‘The story as I approached it was that there was this daughter who was to confront her mother with the truth. Whatever it was. Yet when she recounts her own history, she realises there are other truths or things that have been glossed over.
‘So, that’s the account I really wanted to cover. That she does have these moments where the trick is that the truth is actually less important than finding out where she stood in relation to her mother.’
‘In the story, it is the performance that actually helps heal those gaps.’
The Truth was selected to open the Venice International Film Festival in August this year. It opens in Australia on Boxing Day.
First published in the Canberra Times on 7 December 2019
Film FeaturesEthan HawkeThe TruthInterviewsHirokazu Kore-adaJuliette BinocheCatherine Deneuve
Interview With Writer/Director Rolf de Heer
July 10, 2014 Jane Freebury Leave a comment
Credits include Charlie’s Country; Ten Canoes; The Tracker; and Bad Boy Bubby
It is a surprise, and no less so for Rolf de Heer himself, that he has made another film with David Gulpilil. The filmmaker and the Indigenous performer have now collaborated for a third time, which naturally leads to talk of a trilogy. An ‘accidental trilogy’ at best, if it is one at all, observes de Heer whose restless creative energies have led to his reputation in the media as a bit of a maverick, an esteemed but elusive auteur with a body of work that is tricky to define.
The three films that carry Indigenous stories have each emerged from a different time and space. The Tracker (2002) came into being after de Heer read about the brutal hidden history of the Australian frontier. Ten Canoes (2006) came about when he saw the possibilities of making a film in-language in and in-country with the Ramingining community in Arnhem Land. Charlie’s Country has come about ‘because David was in gaol’.
The news that Gulpilil had been sent to prison for a drunken episode of domestic violence was distressing yet also something of a relief: ‘Towards the end of 2011 I learnt that David was in gaol. My first thought was tragedy averted. Whatever the rights or wrongs of his imprisonment, whatever the reason, I was grateful for it because it probably saved David’s life.’
The circumstances of each film is vastly different and it can be argued that there isn’t a clear connection between the films, were it not for the towering presence of David Gulpilil. Even though he did not appear as planned in Ten Canoes, the unmistakable voice of his mischievous narrator guides us through in voiceover.
It was one of those intense bright Canberra winter mornings when I met de Heer for our interview. It is at least the 30th occasion that we have talked, mostly over the phone, about his work. He had been in Canberra to introduce Charlie’s Country at a screening at Parliament House. It was very well received.
So why had he made this new film with Gulpilil? ‘The exercise was to make a film that helps him find his way but that also gives him a chance to get on with what he wants to do. And a film that would really celebrate, probably for the first time, his extraordinary talent because it’s not yet been seen to best effect, not even in The Tracker.’
Gulpilil did not to wish to accompany de Heer to the Cannes film festival for the screening of Charlie’s Country in official selection in May. Where is the actor now? Back in his traditional lands and so far away from the red carpet that it took five days for de Heer to reach him by phone to tell him he’d won Best Actor in Un Certain Regard.
Charlie’s Country is the fourth film of de Heer’s to screen in the official selection at Cannes. The Quiet Room (1996) and Dance Me to My Song (1998) were screened in competition, while Ten Canoes won the special jury prize in Un Certain Regard in 2006.
The internationally-recognised Indigenous actor has long been held in great affection with the Australian public. He first appeared in a haunting role in Nicolas Roeg’s Walkabout at the dawn of the revival of the local film industry, has received many accolades particularly in recent times, and was the subject of a prize winning portrait. Yet Gulpilil has long had trouble with substance abuse and alcohol, to which he had been introduced by certain hell-raiser actors from day one. De Heer has for some years been concerned for his friend, and written articles about how he perceives his predicament, caught between cultures and comfortable in neither.
Gulpilil was instrumental in persuading de Heer to at least consider making a film in his homelands, it was not possible to follow through. ‘David had left his community of Ramingining in 2004, because of a tribal dispute I was never quite allowed to know the details of. From that time on, David lived largely in the long grass in Darwin’. They saw less and less of each other. From time to time there was news of his friend: ‘None of it sounded very good’.
For Charlie’s Country, de Heer determined that Gulpilil had to be front and centre, and dominate the screen. He would anyway: ‘It was something I was sort of aware from the beginning: just put the camera on David, and it works’. The strength of Gulpilil’s presence was the starting point, ‘a long, unwavering close-up’ of the actor, taking in the dignity and grace of his bearing and close-ups of the face that conveys so much, wordlessly. Even after the prison barber has had his way with Gulpilil, shaving off his wild greying locks and beard, transforming him into a prison inmate, the well-loved face radiates presence.
When de Heer first met Gulpilil he recalls that his reaction was ‘F**k, I have to direct this bloke!’ He didn’t know quite what to say to him, and felt there was nothing he could say. But that was 14 years ago, when Gulpilil was cast to appear in The Tracker.
So, does the fact that you continue to work together mean that you get on very well? Something I have discovered over the years while researching my book on de Heer’s work is that he remains unpredictable: ‘No, we don’t get on very well,’ he returns. ‘It’s hard work being with David. I love him, he loves me, but it’s hard work being with him. It’s the cultural gulf, it’s David’s mercurial character…’ Of course there are things they share. ‘No doubt about that’.
Prior to the shoot for The Tracker, the two went bush together in Gulpilil’s homelands, and spent a few days camping out, hunting, fishing and talking. In very different circumstances, they went bush again before Charlie’s Country, visits that proved ‘powerfully restorative’ for Gulpilil.
Charlie’s Country was shot by Ian Jones, the cinematographer who worked with de Heer on both The Tracker and Ten Canoes, and the rest of the crew is largely the regular group of compatible co-creatives. Peter Djiggir, who co-directed Ten Canoes, co-produces and performs again and some members of the Ramingining community are also represented.
The cast has a teasing hint of familiarity about it, with many actors returning from past de Heer films, even in bit parts. There is an appearance by Gary Sweet the infamous ‘fanatic’ character in The Tracker, selling alcohol—over the counter, one should quickly add, Damon Gameau who was the ‘follower’ in the same film is seen side-on as a hospital nurse. Jamie Gulpilil who was the lead in Ten Canoes appears briefly as a trainee constable. Like many auteurs, de Heer has built a singular cinema that maps a country all its own.
It is a guessing game wondering with de Heer. What will he do next? Ten Canoes was preceded by a drama about marriage breakdown, followed by a black and white silent comedy, which was followed by a surprising comedic foray into feuding neighbours. Is there something down the track for de Heer and Gulpilil? ‘In the phone calls we have, once every two days or so, he still talks about other projects. He’s got a number of them.’ Time will tell, and all bets are off.
InterviewCharlie's CountryTen CanoesThe TrackerBad Boy BubbyDirectorsRolf de Heer
Interview With Writer/Director Nils Tavernier
April 11, 2014 Jane Freebury Leave a comment
Credits include The Finishers
Just how well fathers and sons relate to each other tends to get quite a run at the movies. It’s there in the backstory of a comic superhero movie, or it’s in the foreground of a family drama as father and adult son work it out – as they finally do in Silver Linings Playbook. Other dramas with a lower profile than this audience favourite have of course featured this important relationship. Life as a House, for example, in which Kevin Kline plays a recalcitrant, ailing father opposite teen rebel Hayden Christensen, and Beginners in which Ewan McGregor has to sort out his filial feelings before he is ready to move on.
French director Nils Tavernier (son of veteran director Bertrand Tavernier) has made a new contribution to the conversation with The Finishers. It is the sweet and sentimental story of a boy with disability who wants to reverse the growing alienation between himself and the father who began to inch away when he realised his son was never going to walk.
Fabien Héraud, who was cast in the role of high-schooler Julien, suffers a form of cerebral palsy himself. On the big screen over the years, we’ve seen actors playing characters with this condition, such as Daniel Day-Lewis in his celebrated turn as a writer-artist Christy Brown in My Left Foot. Occasionally, directors such as Tavernier jnr and Australian director Rolf de Heer, have directed actors suffering the condition themselves.
Tavernier coached Héraud for four months to prepare for the role, his first appearance in a film. ‘He tired very fast. It is part of his pathology. So he needed to rest twice a day.’ But it wasn’t that difficult to manage if you compared it to actors who may need costume changes and their make-up fixed.
The Finishers opened the French Film Festival in Canberra last month. Unabashedly feel-good fare, it tells of a 17-year-old who convinces his father to do the Ironman triathlon with him. And not simply enter, but cross the finishing line before being timed out. The French title, De Toutes Nos Forces, which roughly translates to ‘with all our might’, conveys the effort that would be necessary for a 3.86 km swim, a180.25 km bicycle ride and a marathon 42.2 km run, without a break.
Julien’s family home is located near the French Alps, about eight hours’ drive from the Ironman championship locations. ‘I didn’t want to shoot loneliness in the kitchen,’ says Tavernier. ‘I wanted to have it in a huge, big area which also gives a sense of the distance between the characters.’
Tavernier’s filmography is largely documentary and this is his first fiction feature. In preparation for this shoot, Tavernier spent two years as an observer of children being treated for neurological problems in the Necker Hospital, Paris. He was moved by the young patients but also moved by their parents. In his film, the father Paul carries a lot of baggage, Tavernier observed in our face-to-face interview late last year. ‘He just can’t deal with it.’
The filmmaker says he was acutely aware of the impact on parents, including high levels of guilt, of a child with disability. ‘I was listening and observing families with problems like these over a long period of time. I saw a lot of fathers who just wanted to run away.’ On the other hand, there were fathers who wanted to shoulder so much of the responsibility for their children, like the mother in his film, that their over-protectiveness made their child feel acutely trapped, without any freedoms or agency. However, he says, ‘I also saw fathers who became a real hero for their child, for whom the difficult parental experience bought out the best in them.’
The protagonist Julien feels his father’s rejection keenly and watches his parents growing apart until he decides to make his move. ‘It’s not a big deal if we don’t finish,’ offers Julien. ‘Yes it is,’ counters his dad, Paul (played by the versatile Jacques Gamblin), warming to the idea. ‘I want to go to the end with you.’ Tavernier thinks that Julien understands that he needs to get back to basics in his relationship with his father, from where it may be possible to set things right. It is no surprise what happens in the end of The Finishers and there’s not a lot of depth, but for all the predictability, there is the naturalism of the lead performances, Héraud’s engaging presence and the film’s open heart.
InterviewNils TavernierThe Finishers
Interview with Tahar Rahim
January 22, 2014 Jane Freebury Leave a comment
Credits include The Past; Un Prophet
It is hard to forget actor Tahar Rahim in Jacques Audiard’s rivetting prison drama Un Prophet of 2010. As Malik El Djebana, an illiterate minor offender and newcomer to prison, his character is absorbed quickly into the criminal matrix of gang culture behind bars, and then rises to the top. He cuts a fellow prisoner’s throat to stay alive. When due for release back into the community, his transformation into ruthless crime lord is complete.
The quietly spoken Algerian Frenchman actor was just 27 years old with two screen credits to his name at the time he worked with Audiard. The writer-director says that transforming Rahim, ‘the gentlest boy’, into Malik was one of the best things he has done in his career. Some twelve films and five years later, Rahim has now clearly secured the career he aspired to at the age of 14 while growing up in a working class community in Belfort, a small city in north-east France.
Mad for the movies from a young age, Rahim liked to go to the cinema to escape, and who doesn’t? He also used to source it for the clues it offered about the mysteries of adult life. ‘Movies can teach you how to talk, how to talk to a woman, how to be aware, and yeah, how to be.’
Sitting across from me in an interview in Paris last November, Rahim speaks English well and we don’t need a translator. He is handsome, polite, personable and ready with his smile and it is easy to imagine him fitting in anywhere. As the late Roger Ebert observed, the actor played El Djebena as an enigma, a character whose coming of age in prison taught him you did anything to save yourself and you revealed nothing. Since Un Prophet, Rahim has managed to avoid being typecast in similar roles and to explore a certain chameleon quality that allows directors to test his versatility on screen.
In Asghar Farhadi’s new film, The Past, Rahim plays another maghrebi (North African), Samir, a man entangled in a complex web of intimacy because he is not sure of his own heart. There is the beautiful Frenchwoman, Marie (Bérénice Bejo from The Artist), a mother of two a little older than him, with whom he lives, and there is his French wife confined to hospital. His partner’s estranged husband arrives from Iran to finalise the divorce, but this complicates matters further rather than provides closure. What’s past is not yet past.
I ask how Farhadi works. ‘Rehearsal was not like where you came and played your scene, it was more familial and kind, a supportive exercise with music […] for which we did improvisation of the characters’ past, how they met, their wedding and they way they behaved […] Then when it came to the shoot, Farhadi became very precise.’
It was the first time Rahim had worked with Farhadi, and the first time the writer-director had worked in France. Is this a story that could have unfolded in any community or did it have to be an immigrant community? ‘It’s not an Iranian story, it’s a French story but it’s a Farhadian movie.’ By which Rahim means it’s universal, ‘about relations between people, it’s about love, death, children, birth…Everything is there.’
There is something Rahim particularly likes about Farhadi’s films: ‘I always like how in his movies, because he is doing something interactive with the audience, he is always interrogating the audience’s ability to judge people.’ He’ll show the audience how they can be wrong about people, how perceptions can be way wide of the mark. ‘You thought this guy was an arsehole? You gotta understand life is not like that,’ Rahim is now pretty animated. ‘In a way, he gives a lesson to people. I love that!’
In The Past, Rahim’s Samir owns a laundry. His French wife lies in a hospital bed, in a coma as a result of an attempt to commit suicide (in front of their son) over his affair.
What was his approach to this character? He shakes his head. ‘ I can’t give you three or four words to describe him… It’s not a question of English. This guy’s in construction, or deconstruction… What can I say? He’s just in the middle. Between two choices, two wives, two kids, two temporalities. He’s just trying to go the distance with all this weight on his shoulders.’
In true Farhadian fashion, Samir’s emotions are complex. ‘I think he’s still in love with her (the unconscious wife), that he fell in love with Marie by default…’ We then agree that Marie still seems to love the husband who has returned from Iran to divorce her, and he with her.
The Past is a marvel of subtle and engrossing detail like Farhadi’s gloriously complex drama, A Separation, which in 2011 became the first Iranian film to win an Oscar.
Rahim has recently played in romance opposite Lea Seydoux, had a part in Kevin Macdonald’s film about Roman Britain, The Eagle, and he is slated to work this year with Fatih Akin (Soul Kitchen, Head On), a young Turkish-German filmmaker of distinction. For this ‘boy from the countryside’, it couldn’t have gone better to plan.
InterviewThe PastUn ProphetTahar Rahim
Interview with director Benoît Jacquot
March 22, 2013 Jane Freebury Leave a comment
Credits include Farewell, My Queen and Three Hearts
French director Benoît Jacquot makes no secret of his interest in women, in a good way. At the French Film Festival recently he was asked whether he agreed with an article in the New York Times last year that described him as a director ‘who loves women’.
He hardly paused to think. ‘Why not?’ he replied, cheekily. ‘It’s all true…My passion for actresses is indicative of my passion for women.’ The audience at the Q&A after his film Farewell, My Queen laughed along with him.
Jacquot is in Australia as a guest of the Alliance Francaise festival to present his most recent film, set when the French Revolution was gathering pace. It picks up exactly at the moment where Sofia Coppola’s film about the doomed queen finishes, and covers four days in July when the Bastille was stormed and it was announced that 286 heads had to roll before necessary reform was possible.
In my interview beforehand, I asked him about how the idea for the film began. Two things in particular appealed to him when he read the award-winning Chantal Thomas novel on which his film is based. A unique perspective and the compression of time. Coppola’s film takes place over 15 years. Farewell, My Queen takes place over four days and three nights in July 1789, moments before ‘everything was turned upside down’ and changed the course of history.
This unique perspective belongs to Sidonie Laborde, the queen’s reader, her lectrice in the last days of the ancien regime. ‘ What interested me was the point of view of someone who was very close to the events but who at the same time could not entirely comprehend them.’
Played by Lea Seydoux, the ingénue Sidonie is a radical change from the novel, in which she is around 50 years of age and reflecting on her past life. It was very important for Jacquot that Sidonie was on the verge of adulthood. An empty vessel, I ask?
He likes the expression. ‘An empty what? Vessel? That’s nice. She is an empty vessel because she is very, very young and has not yet left her childhood behind. She is very impressed by the Queen and at the same time it renders her incapable of understanding the adult nightmare that she is living through.’
Sidonie, however, never existed. Queen Marie Antoinette had readers, but there is no record of Laborde.’ She is the only fictional character in the film,’ says Jacquot. ‘She exists only in the film. We could say she comes to life as she wakes in the first scene and dies at the end.’
She is a commoner, a girl of accomplishments who also knows how to embroider and cook, but this is all we have to go on. Her character is a device through which the lives of famous others can be explored. Like James McAvoy’s naive young doctor to the notorious African dictator in The Last King of Scotland, she is a device to access and observe a private world.
In Farewell, My Queen, Marie Antoinette (played by German actress Diane Kruger) is infatuated with the Duchess of Polignac (Virginie Ledoyen, the lead in Jacquot’s A Single Girl of 1995). Is the relationship between the two women historically correct? ‘Marie Antoinette is known to have had two ‘favourites’. One of these was the Princess of Lamballe, who was executed by the revolutionaries early and her head presented to the queen. The second favourite, the Duchess de Polignac, managed to flee in disguise.’
The relationship between the women in the film is based on the expressions of mutual affection in their correspondence—and also on newspapers (or gutter press?) of the time. And anyway ‘her life was such a bore, that I hope she had some sort of distraction!’
The shoot took two months. Jacquot prefers to work quickly, and besides it was expensive booking time at one of the world’s great tourist attractions. ‘We had to adhere to the authenticity of the decor of Versailles to shoot within the palace. Once the decision has been made and the green light given, we could only film when it was closed to the public, which is to say, on Mondays and in the evenings.’
No, he doesn’t see his film as being in competition with or being offered as a comparison to the creative blend of pop culture and history that was Coppola’s in 2006.. ‘ And then, what interests Sofia (who he knows) is the fashionista queen. It’s charming, very entertaining and ‘tres snob’, but what interests me is her schizophrenia at that point. Marie Antoinette was both the princess of the music hall and the queen of tragedy. She had a foot in both camps.’
Jacquot’s point of departure for his film’s aesthetic was reportage, as though documenting developments in a momentous historical, political event. The grand palace, as it is gradually emptied of life, gradually becomes a cavernous haunted metaphor for the political nightmare taking place within it.
His approach to period drama is to be as accurate, precise and the least anachronistic possible, and ‘once this exactitude is in place…it becomes the reverie of a cineaste of the 21st century’. Once satisfied he has the details right, he has not felt overwhelmed by further demands for authenticity, and as a result his study of the queen and her dying breed is somehow allowed to breathe, despite the weight of the wigs and the elaborate fashions.
Sixty-six year old Jacquot knew he wanted to work in cinema from an early age and was once an assistant to some of the greats like Marguerite Duras and Jean-Luc Godard. In his career, Jacquot has not confined himself to fiction features. He has also directed documentaries, opera and theatre. Indeed, he is slated to direct a production of La Traviata at the Bastille in the near future.
As his body of work contains a number of literary adaptations, what are his views on turning novels into film? When most of the audience won’t be familiar with the book anyway, fidelity or lack of fidelity to the original text is, he says, of more concern to the filmmakers. It presents no problem at all for this urbane and mischievous Frenchman. ‘For me personally,’ he confided, knowing it will raise a laugh, ‘I really like being unfaithful!’ There you have it.
InterviewBenoit Jacquot
Interview With Director Jean-Marc Vallée
April 8, 2012 Jane Freebury Leave a comment
Credits include Café de Flore; Wild; and Dallas Buyers Club
Music has much to say in the work of Quebecois filmmaker Jean-Marc Vallée. His music choices are front and centre and sometimes even take over to advance his narratives, like the way it does in his latest film Café de Flore with the unmistakable first bars of Pink Floyd’s ‘Dark Side of the Moon’ at the start. Tracks from that extraordinary pop classic re-emerge throughout the mix.
Besides laying down soundtracks for his movies, Valle enjoys creating playlists—which he believes is a boy thing—and manning the turntable at parties. ‘I’m a frustrated DJ,’ he jokes through some disconcerting reverberation down the line from Montreal. ‘I make playlists for friends—and for every single woman that I’ve loved in my life’.
To add to the fluidity of the narrative in Café de Flore—itself the name of a music track— screenwriter Vallée tells two love stories than run in parallel, located on different continents and set 42 years apart. In Montreal in 2011, a woman and mother of young daughters is struggling after her husband of more than 20 years has left her for another woman, the beauteous Rose (Evelyne Brochu). In Paris meanwhile it is 1969, and a hairdresser is battling to bring up her Downs Syndrome-affected son on her own. Against the odds, Jacqueline (French singer-songwriter Vanessa Paradis) has created a formidable learning program for her son Laurent (Marin Gerrier) to disprove the prognosis for her disabled son, and she pursues it with a fierce and intense devotion. The loving relationship these two portray on screen is really utterly astonishing.
The character Antoine the DJ, played by Kevin Parent, a singer-songwriter well-know to Canadian audiences, appears to take the lead at the start, but Vallée agrees that the film can be read as though it is the product of the imagination of Antoine’s former wife Carole (Helene Florent). It can be seen as ‘more the story of Carole who tries to understand why she cannot let go. And she’s going to invent herself a past life in order to accept and move on, move forward and be at peace with herself’. From the point when she realises ‘that’s she’s finally got it’.
Although the linear shape of the narrative becomes apparent in the end, it is not before Valle has made a virtue of foregrounding his characters’ subjective memory and states of feeling. He wanted ‘to make a beautiful love story with some sort of element of the supernatural’ and ‘to put some magic in it, make it bigger than life…almost like a fable’.
Other music that has found its way onto Vallée’s eclectic soundtrack includes work by The Cure, by Cole Porter and by Creedence Clearwater Revival, and there is a particularly haunting sequence by Icelandic postpunk band Sigur Ros—’Svefn-G-Englar’, which may or may not mean ‘sleepwalkers’! Even if, as Vallée suggests, the name of the track has no meaning, not even in Icelandic, the repetitive refrain that sounds like ‘It’s YOU-OU-OU-OU’ has meaning enough. And then there is the heartbeat, the strong chords, the lunatic laugh and the astonishing vocalisations from ‘Dark Side of the Moon’ accorded a special place, as it is in Vallée’s exuberant coming-of-age hit C.R.A.Z.Y. of some eight years ago.
When did the Pink Floyd album first speak to Vallée? He first heard the track ‘Money’ as a single on, vinyl, the old 45. For a 9 or 10-year-old it was ‘cool’, with its tinkling cash and ringing register. However, he continues ‘when I was older I listened to the album and discovered they were very avant-gardiste, very skilful for the period and very daring. Special, very moody. Bizarre and cool. … and what was your question about that?’
Since C.R.A.Z.Y., Vallée has directed The Young Victoria (2009), a humanising portrait of the icon of 19th century Britain that is a touching love story, politely eroticised, between the young queen (Emily Blunt) and her consort (Rupert Friend). Nothing inappropriately trippy here. The biopic of the monarch is more conventional, but an entirely charming new take on the woman before her name became synonymous with a particularly straight-backed brand of moral rectitude.
With Café de Flore taking the hazy form of a waking dream, Vallée was clearly determined to confound audience expectations. The concept of ‘lucidity’ is given a burl, only to be used to demonstrate that it comes to nought in matters of the heart. The recurring images of people with Down’s Syndrome suggests another strand for interpretation, including the angelic youngsters in Sigur Ros’ ‘Svefn-G-Englar’ However, the immersive experience continues to elude explanation until a connection between the twin narratives is finally made with shocking impact. Near the ‘don’t blink or you’ll miss it’ finale.
Vallée leaves us with some advice. ‘This film is like a puzzle, a big puzzle. You want to play the game of trying to solve the puzzle? Sit down, watch this, take it easy, you’ll have answers. You’ll be able to put all the pieces of the puzzle together at the end. Maybe you’ll need another screening—and why not?’
InterviewJean-Marc ValleeCafé de FloreWildDallas Buyers Club
Interview With Writer/Director Olivier Assayas
Credits include Hours; Irma Vep; and [segment in] Paris, Je t’aime
Set in the rambling provincial home of a middle class French family, the latest film from Olivier Assayas could be a surprise for those who remember the director’s Irma Vep (1996), the film for which he is probably best known. Starring Maggie Cheung, the Hong Kong actress who was for a while his wife, it was a playful comedy about a middle-aged film director struggling to make a remake of a silent vampire film. The subtext was the state of the French film industry.
On the other hand, perhaps you noticed Assayas’ name among the 18 director credits for the recent Paris, je t’aime, an anthology of short films about that city’s many moods and personalities. Maggie Gyllenhaal had the lead role as a junkie.
Summer Hours is altogether different, set in a house in the country where little has changed for generations. It is a reflective piece with unobtrusive style, raising issues that many families face today when children grow into young professionals who find jobs abroad, well away from the influences they grew up with. I spoke to the writer/director Assayas about it last week, over the phone from Paris. His responses are carefully considered and his English very good, so nothing gets lost in translation.
His new film opens on a rare family event with everyone together in the one location, for once. Helene’s eldest son, economics professor Frederic (Charles Berling) and his overseas-based siblings Adrienne (a very different looking, blonde Juliette Binoche) and Jeremie (Jeremie Renier) have arrived for the occasion of their mother’s 75th birthday.
There is a leisurely birthday lunch in the garden and over the roast lamb the conversation turns to career. Frederic, who has remained in France, has inherited the issues that challenge his homeland, while his brother and sister have escaped them abroad. Binoche’s Adrienne, a designer based in New York, is the most combatative personality, having disagreements with her mother and younger brother in particular.
As Assayas is both writer and director of Summer Hours, I ask him about the contribution his actors made in light of his comment that the film he wrote and the film he’d made were different. Was he referring to the contributions from his actors?
‘I always have this notion that when I choose an actor he will know more than I do about the character. I’m always pushing my actors to contribute to the character, to add things and even to contradict whatever I’ve been writing.’
With a film about family, everyone will bring the unique experience of their own family experiences and much of themselves to their role. ‘In the case of Juliette Binoche, she’d had a much more conflicted relationship with her family than I had written…In the end, she was more angry, more like an aging teenager’. And in the end he understood it was her way of finding her path into the story.
The youngest sibling, Jeremie, ‘a materialist and pragmatic businessman’, lives with his wife and family in Shanghai. I asked Assayas about his own strong connection with Asia, and in particular China. ‘A long story,’ he said, that began when he was writing for publications such as the French cinema magazine Cahiers du Cinema in the 1980s. ‘It was pretty early, (and) before it became trendy to be interested in Chinese cinema’. His book on Hong Kong cinema in collaboration with Charles Tesson was published in 1984.
‘At that time I was one of the first Western (film) journalists to travel to Taiwan, and that’s where I met a group of filmmakers who were just beginning to make movies, and would become known as the new Taiwanese cinema.’ The group included Edward Yang and Hou Hsiao-Hsien. But not Ang Lee? No, the internationally famous director Ang Lee (Brokeback Mountain, The Wedding Banquet), who is also from Taiwan, was already in the United States. Assayas maintained a connection with this cohort in Taiwan and helped them get recognition abroad.
Assayas has said Summer Hours is his ‘most Taiwanese film’ with its themes of our connection with nature, the passing of time and the challenge of modernity to traditional values, themes that for him inform Taiwanese cinema and Chinese art in general. ‘It has all inspired me,’ he says.
‘It is also something which has influenced French Impressionist painting, with the discovery of Asian art by artists of that time.’
The long-deceased great uncle to the adult children in Summer Hours is a fictitious artist called ‘Paul Berthier’. Was the character based on painter Claude Monet? ‘I would say that ‘Paul Berthier’ is closer to Pierre Bonnard’. Assayas has a passion for the post-Impressionist Bonnard.
Are Helene and her children and grandchildren a typical French middle class family? ‘I think they are representative of something to do with European society. Meaning societies that still have a strong connection with the past, with their traditional culture and with their roots. Many people have not so much a country house (as we see in the film) but a family house where they gather.’
Shortly after the birthday reunion, Helene suddenly dies, and her adult children must return to decide how the house and its contents, including 19th century glass vases and early art nouveau furniture, will be divided among them. Will they keep the house in the family or will they sell it? It could even be sold to a buyer overseas. Who besides Frederic’s family, the only ones still in France, would make use of it if it wasn’t sold?
Assayas’ own response to the dilemma seems split between regret for the loss of cultural roots and a willingness to embrace the new. France, he says, has been trying to escape the issues of globalisation, while obviously being absorbed by it. ‘You can’t escape the way the world is, you have to face it!’
As we become more aware of other cultures, ‘we have a broader notion of what the world is about, a broader knowledge of the present, and we feel the past is less and less important. So a nice family house, which they would have been fighting over a couple of generations ago, now it’s just a burden.’ A holiday home in Bali would be more to the point.
InterviewOlivier AssayasHoursIrma Vep
Interview with Yung Chang
July 6, 2008 Jane Freebury Leave a comment
The Yangtze, that great waterway of China, starts in the Tibetan plateau and winds its way across over 6,000 kilometres to the sea at Shanghai. ‘No matter what part of the country you are from in China,’ says filmmaker Yung Chang, ‘you have a deep connection to it.’
‘The thing about the Yangtze is that it is the lifeline of China. It is known as Chang Jiang, the ‘long river’ and you can even just call it The River, in fact.’
As a Chinese-Canadian, Yung Chang’s connection with the Yangtze was remote but his maternal grandfather used to tell him stories about it. His grandfather had escaped from mainland China to Taiwan in 1949 during the civil war and had plenty to tell his young grandson about the country of their ancestors. Yung Chang first went to China in 1997, and then he and his grandfather took a trip along the Yangtze together in 2002.
Yung Chang later returned on his own to make a documentary about the river, using his grandfather’s stories as a reference. In post-production one of his grandfather’s songs, recorded only a few years ago, was laid on the soundtrack.
The result of Yung Chang’s personal journey into the land of his forefathers is a highly-regarded, prize winning documentary that has won best doco awards at festivals in the US and Canada and a highly-prized nomination for the Joris Ivens prize at the Amsterdam International Documentary Film Festival. It recently screened at the Sydney Film Festival and I spoke to Yung Chang over the phone soon afterwards.
He told me that Up the Yangtze was filmed in Chongqing municipality, home to a mere 30 million people. It is actually that part of the river that lives in the collective Chinese cultural memory as the place where fierce battles were fought before the Three Kingdoms were established. Today, this part of heartland China is where the controversial Three Gorges Dam project is flooding the cities, towns and countryside where people have lived and worked for millennia.
‘Around two million people have lost their livelihood to the dam,’ says Yung Chang.
‘I think it was reported statistically that in 2004 – and the number is increasing yearly – there were 70,000 reported incidents of civil unrest. I think the Three Gorges basin really is very contentious. The major question being how do you put a monetary value on your ancestral home, on your ancestral farmland, or the land where your ancestral tombs stand? It’s a central question. It’s a difficult question and it has met with quite a bit of controversy.’
The film sets out on a ‘farewell tour’, aboard a one of the cruise ships that punt up and down through the areas where the towns, villages and farmlands along the banks of the Yangtze will be claimed by slowly rising waters. Shots of the already empty ‘ghost city’ of Fengdu are eerie and unsettling.
The film moves at a languid pace. ‘River travel is so different from riding in a car. And I especially wanted to reflect the eyes and minds of the subjects I followed, their day-to-day rhythms.’
To bring this extraordinary piece of population relocation and social engineering down to a personal level, Yung Chang chose as his subjects a young girl Shui Yu and a young man Bo Yu Chen, of very different backgrounds and dispositions, who work in hospitality jobs on board Farewell Cruises. The girl is so painfully shy that she doesn’t seem like a particularly good subject for the film, but her story is so compelling it eventually takes over.
‘Despite being a very shy and introverted personality she seemed to have something very complex within, and then beyond that there was the fact that her family was living on the banks of the river.’
I suggest that Cindy (Shui Yu’s English name) struck me as a typical teenager – grumpy, resentful of her well-meaning parents, both illiterate, and the life in a makeshift hut on the riverbank that she wanted to escape. ‘Yes, I think it’s sort of universal. What resonates with me in particular is the scene where the parents go to visit the girl on the boat, and the sort of awkwardness and embarrassment at having your parents around.’
Bo Yu Chen (English name of Jerry) is an altogether different story, boasting about how he’d received a $30 tip ‘for nothing’ and how he was only attentive to the middle-aged men and women who he expected would tip him well – the elderly and infirm left to their own devices.
How did Yung Chang get him to reveal himself like that? ‘It was very funny. In fact I did nothing. When I first met him he struck me as someone who was raised in the West. He was very brash and no matter how hard I tried to make him not interact with the camera, he loved to look into the lens, talk to us the filmmakers. He would never listen to me. Eventually we let Jerry be interactive, and it works. It defines him in the film.’
Canadian author and journalist Jan Wong has mentioned to Yung Chang that she thinks the future of China may be in the hands of boys like Jerry. ‘Part of this post-Mao (Zedong) generation of children who are growing up in the world of MTV, who perhaps will be responsible for carrying democratic reform forward in China. Partly based on their individualism, on their ‘little emperor syndrome’ as a result of the one-child policy and growing affluence. It’s quite an interesting theory.’
‘I don’t know quite what is going to happen to Jerry, but I have a feeling he will figure it out.’
In the end Yung Chang thinks his film is about perspectives. ‘About how one culture sees another culture and vice versa and that’s what interested me in making it. The culture of tourism.’
InterviewYung Chang
Interview With Producer Patricia Lovell
October 22, 2007 Jane Freebury Leave a comment
Credits include Picnic at Hanging Rock; and Gallipoli
There are nine Australian films ranked among the all-time top 100 posted on the ABC’s My Favourite Film site. At the top of this list sits the Lord of the Rings trilogy, followed by Amelie and Blade Runner. Among the Australian films scattered throughout are Picnic at Hanging Rock and Gallipoli, both films in which veteran Australian producer Patricia Lovell had a key role.
Picnic at Hanging Rock was a landmark film of the local industry revival in the 1970s but were it not for Lovell’s tenacity, her success in raising the finance and then dealing with distributors, it might never have happened. Miranda’s lingering backward glance as she disappeared forever into the folds of the rock may never have been seen.
Patricia Lovell is to give the Longford Lyell lecture at the National Film and Sound Archive on Tuesday 23 October. It will explore how she became a film producer, with Picnic at Hanging Rock, following on early in the 1980s with Gallipoli and Monkey Grip.
How would Pat Lovell describe herself these days? ‘A producer-in-waiting,’ she said in a phone interview from her home in Sydney, ‘with another project I want to get off the ground.’ She won’t, however, divulge any details.
When Australian audiences were turning out to see ocker comedies like The Adventures of Barry McKenzie in the early 1970s, it looked like Australians really had an appetite for local films, and she bought the rights to Picnic at Hanging Rock while working in television. The Joan Lindsay novel (on which Picnic is based) clicked with her instantly. ‘I bought it off a newsagent’s shelf, read it overnight, and thought it was fantastic.’
She had just seen Peter Weir’s (short movie) Homesdale and thought that there was a fit with themes in Picnic of Europeans trying to survive in the Australian bush: ‘Oh my gosh, this would probably be up his street.’ When a busy Weir eventually got back to her it was with a ‘I’ve got to do it and when do we start?’ She had her director.
But she recalls that finding the finance was no easy matter. ‘The bureaucracy informed me I wouldn’t be able to produce, I was “a television person”,’ recalls Lovell, but she managed to find funding to stitch the project together.
She and Peter Weir became location scouts. ‘I remember us driving on the way to Hanging Rock, and talking about how we might save money making the film in the Blue Mountains just outside Sydney.’ But when they drove down into the valley and saw the rock formation, and experienced a feeling of intense ‘unease’ in its ambience, they knew they couldn’t film anywhere else.
We know in retrospect that Peter Weir (The Truman Show; Master and Commander; Witness) would prove himself an extraordinary director, but what was it about him that made Lovell so sure then? “I thought his short films were so different to what anyone else was doing,’ she says, simply.
It so happens, I discover, that Gallipoli is a personal favourite of Lovell’s too. Whose idea was it? ‘It was Peter’s. We’ve always had a bit of a giggle, because I took Picnic to him and he brought Gallipoli to me.’ She was more fortunate with funding this time, as Rupert Murdoch and entrepreneur Robert Stigwood were backing.
“In the first script of David Williamson’s…there were landings on the beach and there was this and there was that.’.[Big money! I interject!] ‘Yes, and I talked to both of them and said “wouldn’t it be better if it were a more personal film?”‘
‘Working together, they (Williamson and Weir) came up with those two great characters, those two great boys – Frank and Archy, characters played by Mel Gibson and Mark Lee – as it were, overnight.’
When she took the film to the UK it got excellent reviews. ‘And the wonderful thing was the late, great Alexander Walker, film critic for the London Evening Standard, one of the toughest critics of all time…gave it a marvellous review.’
Initially he’d had breakfast with her and said ‘look, this is what’s wrong with it’. Understandably, she was expecting the worst, but a surprise arrived in the post, ‘Suddenly this review came, cut out of the newspaper, with Happy Christmas written across it in red biro. It was a brilliant review.’
Today, Pat Lovell keeps up with the latest in Australian film. She was delighted to see that among the co-producers of Lucky Miles, were two former students of hers at the Australian Film, Television and Radio School, Jo and Lesley Dyer. ‘I was thrilled when I saw it and thought oh, they did learn a lot!’
Once she had been helped by patronage herself in the past, through a mentor relationship with Ken G. Hall. She met him when Picnic at Hanging Rock had its grand opening night at the State Theatre in Market Street, Sydney.
Hall, who had prolific output during the 1930s including films like On Our Selection and Dad and Dave Come to Town, was Australia’s most commercially successful film director before the revival of the 1970s.
‘I was standing in a corner and this voice said “congratulations girl, I know what you did”. I looked up and here was this man, 6’3″ tall, and I thought “oh, my lord, it’s K.G., K.G. Hall”.’
He became a sort of mentor, and even though he ‘frightened the hell out of a lot of people’, Lovell just adored him. ‘K. G. gave me the courage after Picnic to continue. I think if he hadn’t done that, I may have just …given it away.’
InterviewPat LovellPicnic at Hanging RockGallipoliProducers
Interview with Tom Zubrycki on Temple of Dreams
August 3, 2007 Jane Freebury Leave a comment
Temple of Dreams is Tom’s documentary on Muslim youth
Attempts to close down a youth centre in Sydney’s south-west is not the kind of news that attracts headlines, but the threatened closure was quietly noted in the Sydney and national press over recent months. Efforts by a group of young Muslims to keep the centre open is, on the other hand, the subject of a new film by widely-respected documentary maker Tom Zubrycki.
This is a filmmaker with the nose of a journalist, who has had a way over the years of locating himself inside a significant story as it unfolds, be it an Afghani in love with a local during controversy over refugees in the community (Molly and Mobarak), the final year of the campaign to secure independence for East Timor (The Diplomat) or a strike in a Wollongong coalmine (Kemira: Diary of a Strike).
The building in question is an old masonic temple that stands tall in the industrial suburb of Lidcombe. A venerable old building that once heard the rituals of freemasons and now hears the sounds of weight-lifters, boxers and men working out.
A group of young Sydney Muslims obtained a lease for the old temple and converted it into a youth centre that began operating early last year. It has a boxing gym, where real champions train alongside aspirants, and a fitness gym, to encourage young men to train, look after themselves and maintain a disciplined regimen. Auburn Council has however deemed the use of the former masonic hall illegal and threatened it with closure.
Zubrycki had decided that he would make the Lebanese Muslim community the subject of his next film when he came across a community worker called Fadi Rahman in the Sunday papers. He drove to Lidcombe to find him, visited the centre, while community tensions elsewhere came to a head on a Sydney beachfront. ‘A week later the Cronulla riots broke (and) Fadi was all over the media.’ People were looking to Fadi for answers after he’d played a prominent role as a peacebroker.
In an interview with Tom Zubrycki during the Sydney Film Festival where Temple of Dreams premiered, I heard that Zubrycki hadn’t found Fadi particularly open at first, understandably perhaps. They ‘circled around each other a bit’ then. Like another outgoing media performer, Zubrycki’s former subject Jose Ramos-Horta, Fadi found it hard to be personal. The public persona sits more comfortably.
What appealed to Zubrycki about Fadi was that he was really ‘out there.’ ‘Fadi had leadership skills and a strong mandate from a broad spectrum of people.’
Zubrycki even started working out in the fitness centre himself – ‘and every now and then (I) would do a bit of filming’. Moreover he had a ‘calling card’, the film Billal made in 1996, which documented the tragic aftermath of a hit-and-run accident which had left a young Lebanese Muslim seriously injured.
When some young female volunteers whom Fadi had recruited to help him realise his plans appeared at the centre, that clinched it for the filmmaker. ‘They were really such fabulous characters. They accepted me immediately, and once that happened I was away.’
These three attractive young women in the film – Zouhour, Alyah and Amna – all in hijab, university-educated and professional, are a revelation. A trio of warm, assertive personalities who might be any group of young Australian women. Without their voluntary help, it is hard to imagine how the Muslim youth conference Fadi organised could have ever got up.
At one point in the film, tempers fray as the women argue over their tasks, while Fadi sits in silence as they trade angry accusations and counter-accusations across the room until he snaps, ‘Please, we need to work together as a team…a goddam team…Isn’t it enough that the whole world is against us…?’
Temple of Dreams is a generous and heartfelt film that yearns for goodwill between Muslims and the rest of the community, the work of a filmmaker deeply committed to the multicultural ethic.
Temple of Dreams premiered at the Sydney Film Festival and earned an extra screening due to popular demand. The session I attended included a Q&A with the filmmaker and his main cast, among whom Fadi in particular must have felt buoyed by the warmth of the audience response.
There were a few searching questions too, touching on multiculturalism and the thoughts of Muslim youth in general. I think the film invites other questions too: the gym is useful, but what about creating opportunities for trade, literacy, numeracy and IT skills-training for young Muslims? How is the strength and fitness developed at the centre expressed in society generally?
In an encouraging development, the centre which is due to close by the end of July has a reprieve. According to Zubrycki, Auburn Council has undertaken to find property it owns to offer to lease as new premises.
InterviewTemple of DreamsTom Zubrycki
writer, journalist and author
Festivals in Canberra
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Disney Pixar BRAVE Display at Disney’s Hollywood Studios Animation Gallery Including Artwork and Maquettes – Photos and Video
By Jeff, on February 3rd, 2012
Denise stopped at Disney’s Hollywood Studios today to pick up a couple of items and also check the Magic of Disney Animation building (below, left) to see if the artwork from Disney/Pixar’s Brave was out yet. The sign on the front of the building said it was still the Pooh/Cars 2 display, but Brave (below, right) was actually inside! She was told the display isn’t finished yet, and the banners in the Courtyard still say Prep and Landing.
Continue reading Disney Pixar BRAVE Display at Disney’s Hollywood Studios Animation Gallery Including Artwork and Maquettes – Photos and Video
Whats Happening "Brave" storyboard drawings, Animation Gallery, Brave, Disney Pixar BRAVE Display at Disney's Hollywood Studios, Disney's Hollywood Studios, Disney's Tangled, Disney's The Princess and the Frog, Disney's Winnie The Pooh, Disney/Pixar's "Brave", Disney/Pixar's Cars 2, Disney/Pixar's Toy Story 3, Disney/Pixar's UP, Hamish, Harris, Hubert, King Fergus, Lord Dingwall, Lord MacGuffin, Lord Macintosh, Magic of Disney Animation, Pooh/Cars 2 display, Princess Merida, Queen Elinor, Royal Triplets, Wisp
Disney’s Hollywood Studios Update: Disney’s Tangled Display at The Magic of Disney Animation – Photos & Video
By Jeff, on July 31st, 2010
We were at Disney’s Hollywood Studios yesterday and decided to check on the Magic of Animation display area, in case Toy Story 3 had made way for Tangled. As you can see below, Tangled now fully encompasses this area that has also featured The Princess and the Frog and UP! A display case (below, left) holds artwork from the film. A closer look (below, right) shows the film title, along with art depicting characters and scenes from the film that originally had been titled after the main character, Rapunzel.
Continue reading Disney’s Hollywood Studios Update: Disney’s Tangled Display at The Magic of Disney Animation – Photos & Video
Whats Happening Disney's Tangled, Disney’s Hollywood Studios, Flynn Rider, Magic of Animation, Maximus, Pascal, Rapunzel, The Little Mermaid, The Princess and the Frog, The Snuggly Duckling, Toy Story 3, UP
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ASYLUM SUPPORT APPEALS PROJECT Protects asylum seekers’ legal rights to food and shelter
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Dublin III family reunion for refugees who have become British citizens
Posted on February 24, 2019, 6:18 pm By krh
In a newly reported judgment the Upper Tribunal has quashed the Secretary of State’s decision to refuse a request from the Greek government to take charge of the asylum claims of a mother and her three children so they could reunite with the father, who lives in the UK. The case is R (BJ & Ors) v Secretary of State for the Home Department (Article 9, Dublin III; interpretation) [2019] UKUT 66 (IAC).
The Home Office had refused to let the family come to the UK because the father, who had previously been recognised as a refugee, had become a British citizen. As a result, the mother and children were stuck in Greece while the father remained in the UK, despite the family having been identified by the Greek government as eligible for transfer to the UK.
The Home Office argued that Article 9 of the Dublin III Regulation only applied to current beneficiaries of international protection and therefore excluded this family because the father was no longer a refugee. That is despite an Upper Tribunal decision from last year which rejected that interpretation. The present tribunal chose not to adopt the reasoning of the earlier decision, but fortunately still concluded that Article 9 applies to both current and former beneficiaries of international protection. The decision is a victory for common sense.
Article 9 states:
Where the applicant has a family member, regardless of whether the family was previously formed in the country of origin, who has been allowed to reside as a beneficiary of international protection in a Member State, that Member State shall be responsible for examining the application for international protection, provided that the persons concerned expressed their desire in writing.
The key issue was therefore how to interpret the requirement that the family member “has been allowed to reside as a beneficiary of international protection”. The Upper Tribunal proceeded on the basis that this was a fundamentally ambiguous provision which needed to be interpreted very carefully, but it could have reached the same decision from a straightforward reading of the provision. The phrase “has been allowed” refers to an action which has been completed in the recent past but is not necessarily ongoing. If the drafter had intended the action to be ongoing they would have used the phrase “has been residing” to indicate that the family member must still be a beneficiary of international protection.
The judgment contains a lengthy summary of how legislative interpretation works in EU law followed by detailed consideration of the purposes of the Dublin III Regulation, with relatively little reasoning of why the purpose requires Article 9 to be interpreted in this way. That structure is reflected in the headnote:
1. The approach to interpreting a provision of EU law requires a systematic approach, looking at the words in the context of the structure of EU law as a whole and asking:
(i) Is the meaning of the provision defined in EU Law?
(ii) If not, can the words be given their usual, ordinary meaning?
(iii) If not, what are the possible different interpretations?
(iv) What is the objective of the provision?
(v) Which interpretation best preserves its effectiveness?
(vi) Which interpretation best achieves the objective?
(vii) What are the consequences of the different interpretations?
2. (i) The phrase “family member…..who has been allowed to reside as a beneficiary of international protection” in Article 9 of Dublin III is to be interpreted as including a person who has, since the grant of international protection, acquired the nationality of the an EU member state; and,
(ii) The phrase “persons concerned” in Article 9 of Dublin III does not include the family member or members previously granted international protection in the requested state.
This case is an excellent result, but the Upper Tribunal has issued a long and complex judgment to resolve an ambiguity which does not really exist if the legislation is read neutrally, rather than by a Home Office official determined to refuse as many Dublin III take-charge requests as possible. It is depressing that the Home Office chose to invent a linguistic problem for judges to tackle rather than admitting this family to the UK when asked to do so by the Greek government.
The text above is copied from an article published on the Free Movement website.
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Wyoming Women Were Granted The Right To Vote 149 Years Ago Today
Rick Roddam
Today marks one of Wyoming's most historic anniversaries. 149 years ago, on December 10, 1869, legislators in the new Territory approved a bill granting women the right to vote and hold public office.
The landmark law was the first of its kind, enacted nearly 21 years before Wyoming became a state and 51 years before the United States Congress ratified the 19th Amendment. Voting rights were one of several firsts for women in what would later become the "Equality State".
In 1870, Esther Hobart Morris became the first female Justice of the Peace in South Pass City. Less than a month later, a court in Laramie seated the nation's first all-female jury. Also that year, another Laramie woman, Martha Symons Atkinson became the first female court bailiff.
In 1910, Wyoming elected its first woman to public office when Albany County voters chose Mary G. Bellamy to represent them in the state legislature.
In 1920, Jackson became the first town in America to have an all-female government, electing women to serve as Mayor, Marshall, and Town Council.
In 1925, Wyoming became the first state to elect a female governor, when Nellie Tayloe Ross was chosen to replace her late husband William Ross.
In 1917, the Daughters of the American Revolution dedicated a historic marker at the site where the first territorial legislature convened. The building is now occupied by a retail shop near the corner of 17th Street and Carey Avenue in Cheyenne.
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The crisp, cool mountain air and proximity to Kuala Lumpur makes it a great place to escape from urban confusion. Befitting its almost never ending entertainment concept, Genting offers regular international shows, fun-filled rides at the sprawling theme park, delicious dining experience, great golfing at the 18-hole course, horse riding, jungle trekking and lots more.
Genting Highlands can be reached from Kuala Lumpur via the faster Karak Highway or the slower old Pahang Road (Route 68). The latter passes by Mimaland, which may be a good place to stop by before proceeding to Genting Highlands. The Genting Express Bus leaves every hour from the Puduraya Bus Station in Kuala Lumpur. Genting also offers limousines, coaches and helicopter services for charter.
Highest Peak: 180.000 meter
Genting Highlands, situated at the Pahang Selangor border some forty kilometres (25 miles) to the south of Fraser’s Hill is the nearest mountain resort to Kuala Lumpur. It is also by far the newest in Malaysia, having been opened in 1971. Like Fraser’s Hill, it isbestknown for its recreational facilities, most especially as having the only gambling casino in Malaysia
The resort area, which has been pre planned and is likely to expand still further, encompasses an altitudinal range of 1,036 metres (3,400 feet) (the golf course) to 1,800 metres (5,905 feet) at the highest peak. As at Fraser’s Hill, nature lovers can find much of interest here. Not all recent developments at Genting Highlands have been sensitive to the needs of conservation.
For example, the survival of two species of small tree of the citrus family (Melicope suberosa and Maclurodendron magnificum), known only from Genting Highlands, is at risk as a result of forest clearance. Fortunately, plants such as these do not need large areas inwhich to flourish, and the problem is one of lack of communication between naturalists and resort developers. Genting Highlands has been planned with imagination and deserves to succeed. But there is an important message here for ‘conservationists’ and ‘developers’ alike.
The Kelabit Highlands
Maxwell Hill
Fraser’s Hill
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JVI Classic Spotlights
About JVI
MINIREVIEW | Minireview | Minireviews
Animal Origins of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus: Insight from ACE2-S-Protein Interactions
Wenhui Li, Swee-Kee Wong, Fang Li, Jens H. Kuhn, I-Chueh Huang, Hyeryun Choe, Michael Farzan
Wenhui Li
Swee-Kee Wong
Fang Li
Jens H. Kuhn
I-Chueh Huang
Hyeryun Choe
Michael Farzan
DOI: 10.1128/JVI.80.9.4211-4219.2006
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) was first described in November of 2002, when inhabitants of Guangdong province, China, presented with an influenza-like illness that began with headache, myalgia, and fever, often followed by acute atypical pneumonia, respiratory failure, and death. The novel disease was transmitted via droplets and fomites and through direct contact of patients with uninfected individuals. The outbreak spread over Asia and to Europe and North America. A total of 8,096 cases were recorded, of which 774 (9.6%) ended in death (11, 54, 72, 108, 111). The etiological agent of SARS was identified as a novel coronavirus (CoV), SARS-CoV (18, 24, 47, 50, 112). This 2002-2003 SARS-CoV epidemic strain was successfully contained by conventional public health measures by July 2003 (71, 110).
SARS-CoV reemerged in Guangdong province in the winter of 2003-2004, when it infected four individuals, all of whom recovered (22, 61, 84). No subsequent human-to-human transmission was observed from these later cases. The infections in 2002-2003 and 2003-2004 are unlikely to be the first instances of SARS-CoV transmission to humans; almost 2% (17 of 938) of serum samples collected in 2001 from one Hong Kong cohort recognized and neutralized SARS-CoV (109). Additional SARS cases resulted from accidental laboratory infections in 2003 and 2004 (62, 70).
Exotic animals from a Guangdong marketplace are likely to have been the immediate origin of the SARS-CoV that infected humans in the winters of both 2002-2003 and 2003-2004. Marketplace Himalayan palm civets (Paguma larvata) and racoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) harbored viruses highly similar to SARS-CoV (31). Palm civets are of special interest because the virus could be isolated from most marketplace civets, and SARS-CoV can persist in palm civets for weeks (102). Moreover, the sporadic infections observed in 2003-2004 were associated with restaurants in which palm civet meat was prepared and consumed (61, 84). Additionally, culling of palm civets dramatically reduced the number of infected animals in the Guangdong marketplace and may be responsible for the absence of the virus in humans after the winter of 2003-2004 (96, 110). Finally, functional studies of the viral receptor, described below, also support a critical role for palm civets in transmitting the virus to humans (60). Evidence of SARS-CoV infection has also been observed in many other marketplace species, including the cat (Felis catus), the red fox (Vulpes vulpes), and the Chinese ferret badger (Melogale moschata) (31, 96).
Although marketplace animals may be the immediate source of the virus found in humans, evidence suggests that they may serve as a conduit for the virus from another reservoir or precursor host. For example, although SARS-CoV antisera and the virus itself were overwhelmingly present in marketplace palm civets in Guangdong, the vast majority of civets on farms and in the wild were found free of infection (46, 74, 92). Further, analysis of the rates of coding changes in the genomes of viruses isolated from palm civets suggests that the genomes are not at equilibrium in the palm civet host (46, 84). Recently, SARS-CoV-like viruses have been isolated from several bat species, predominately horseshoe bats (genus Rhinolophus) (53, 59). The genetic diversity of these viruses in bat hosts and the absence of overt disease are consistent with a role for bats as a reservoir for SARS-CoV. However, as described below, substantial genetic changes in the spike (S) protein of bat SARS-CoV are likely necessary for this virus to infect humans.
SARS-CoV isolated from humans can efficiently infect and be transmitted by domestic cats (Felis domesticus) and ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) (64). BALB/c mice (87, 98), Syrian hamsters (77), and cynomolgus and rhesus macaques (75, 78) are currently being used as animal models for SARS-CoV infection, although transmission has not been observed in these species. Most of these marketplace and laboratory animals, with the notable exception of palm civets, spontaneously clear the virus (64, 102). However, the number of species in which the virus can replicate indicates that SARS-CoV is capable of efficient zoonotic transmission.
Despite this relative ease in interspecies transmission, species variations in host cell factors impose some selection on SARS-CoV-like viruses that are successful in subsequent intraspecies transmission. Advances in our molecular understanding of SARS-CoV cast light on requirements for transmission of this virus from animals, such as bat and palm civet, to humans and for efficient human-to-human transmission. Here we focus on insights gained from study of the SARS-CoV spike (S) protein, which mediates viral entry, and its interaction with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the cellular receptor for SARS-CoV (48, 58).
CORONAVIRUSES
Coronavirus virions contain one copy of a 27- to 32-kb-long, capped, and polyadenylated single-stranded RNA of positive polarity, which is helically encapsidated by nucleocapsid proteins (6, 52). This unusually large genome —29 kb in the case of SARS-CoV—may reflect reduced dependency on cellular proteins, a property useful in efficient cross-species transmission. The filamentous ribonucleocapsids are surrounded by matrix proteins, which form the virus cores. These cores are wrapped in envelopes formed during coronavirus budding from a host cell. The membranes contain distinct club- or petal-shaped protrusions identified as S proteins. It is these proteins that give the virions a crown-like appearance (Latin, coronae) in electron microscopic images. S proteins are the major antigenic determinants of coronaviruses, and as described below, they mediate receptor association and fusion of the viral and cellular membranes (15, 25, 42, 52).
Three distinct genetic and serological groups of coronaviruses have been defined, but this grouping is undergoing revision (6, 27). Coronaviruses from groups 1 and 2 are known to cause disease in humans (67). Human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E), a group 1 virus, and human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43), a group 2 virus, cause mild upper respiratory tract infections that result in self-resolving common colds in otherwise healthy individuals or severe pneumonia in immunocompromised people (6, 67). Human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63; also referred to as HCoV-NH and HCoV-NL) has recently been identified as a group 1 virus causing conjunctivitis, croup, and, sometimes, serious respiratory infections in children (21, 23, 94). HCoV-NL63 is also notable for its use of the SARS-CoV cellular receptor ACE2 to infect cells (40). Another group 2 coronavirus (HCoV-HKU1) was recently isolated from a 71-year-old man with pneumonia (101). SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-like viruses found in animals also cluster with group 2 viruses, although they are outliers of group 2 and have also been described as group 4 or, more recently, group 2b viruses (26, 28, 83).
Like that of other RNA viruses, coronavirus diversity is generated by mutations due to polymerase infidelity. In addition, a key feature of coronavirus evolution is the propensity of the viral genomic RNA to recombine (41). Recombination permits the virus to acquire genes and gene regions from other transcripts, including those of other coronaviruses. Targeted recombination has been effectively used in the laboratory to manipulate and study coronavirus genomes (7, 32, 51, 55, 79). Natural recombination permits the rapid transformation of viral proteins such as the S protein. For example, acquisition of a small region of the S protein by a SARS-CoV precursor perhaps originally more similar to the SARS-CoV found in bats may have allowed it to utilize ACE2. In general, recombination can alter the tissue tropism of a virus and provide new avenues for further evolution and interspecies transmission.
CORONAVIRUS S PROTEINS AND THEIR RECEPTORS
The host spectrum of a specific coronavirus is largely determined by its S protein (51, 73, 79). In many cases, subtle alterations of the S protein are sufficient to alter tissue and species tropism and the virulence of a coronavirus (7, 32, 51, 80). Coronavirus S proteins are type I transmembrane and class I fusion proteins that consist of distinct N-terminal (S1) and C-terminal (S2) domains, which mediate receptor binding and virus-cell fusion, respectively (4, 15, 25). Following association with the cell surface receptor, the S protein undergoes a conformational change that exposes a fusion peptide embedded in the S2 domain and induces reorganization of S2's large heptad repeats into coiled coils. This conformational change brings the virion membrane into close apposition to the cellular membrane for subsequent fusion (12, 15, 52).
Some coronavirus S proteins, for example, that of murine hepatitis virus, are cleaved between their S1 and S2 domains by a furin-like protease in the producer cell (44, 85, 86). Others, for example, those of HCoV-229E and SARS-CoV, do not retain furin recognition sites and are uncleaved on the virion (1, 68, 103). SARS-CoV is nonetheless dependent, following receptor association, on protease activity in the target cell (66, 82). This proteolysis can be mediated by cathepsin L in an endosomal or lysosomal compartment or by exogenous proteases such as trypsin, thermolysin, and elastase. The role of proteolysis in the target cell remains to be determined, but it is likely that its function may be distinct from that of furin cleavage in the producer cell. For example, filovirus GP1,2 proteins, analogous to coronavirus S proteins, retain dependency on cathepsin B and L despite their cleavage into GP1 and GP2 in the producer cell (9). Not all coronaviruses are dependent on cathepsins or other lysosomal cysteine proteases; infection by HCoV-NL63 is not dependent on these enzymes, despite its utilization of the same receptor as SARS-CoV (42a). Variation in cathepsin activity may, like receptor expression, govern the efficiency of infection in different tissues.
Several coronavirus cell surface receptors have been identified. Aminopeptidase N (CD13) was shown to be the receptor for canine coronavirus, feline infectious peritonitis virus, HCoV-229E, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, and transmissible gastroenteritis virus, all of which are group 1 coronaviruses (14, 107). Members of the pleiotropic family of carcinoembryonic antigen-cell adhesion molecules (CEACAMs) were identified as receptors for the group 2 pathogen murine hepatitis virus (19, 20, 99), whereas bovine group 2 coronaviruses bind to 9-O-acetylated sialic acids (81). In 2003, ACE2 was identified as a functional cellular receptor for SARS-CoV (58). The role of ACE2 in HCoV-NL63 infection was demonstrated following isolation and characterization of this recently described group 1 coronavirus (40).
ACE2, THE SARS-COV RECEPTOR
ACE2 was identified as a functional receptor for SARS-CoV, using a direct biochemical approach (58). The S1 region of the SARS-CoV S protein was used to precipitate ACE2 from Vero E6 cells, an African green monkey kidney cell line previously shown to support efficient viral replication. Robust syncytia formed between HEK 293T cells expressing the S protein and those overexpressing ACE2. Transfection of cell lines with ACE2 rendered them permissive to infection with SARS-CoV and with retroviruses pseudotyped with S protein (58, 68). Anti-ACE2 antisera, but not identically prepared anti-ACE1 sera, blocked replication of SARS-CoV, as did a soluble form of ACE2.
Many lines of evidence further implicate ACE2 as the principal receptor utilized in vivo by SARS-CoV. ACE2 is expressed in the lung and in the gastrointestinal tract, the major sites of replication of the virus (8, 16, 33, 34). The efficiency of infection in humans, mice, rats, and palm civets correlates with the ability of the ACE2 of each species to support viral replication (57, 60, 87, 98, 102). ACE2 binds S protein specifically, with approximately 2 nM affinity (88). Although many cell lines do not express ACE2, all cell lines shown to support efficient SARS-CoV infection express this receptor (39, 69). The ACE2-binding region of the S protein raises a protective neutralizing antibody response in mice, and anti-S-protein antibodies that block ACE2 association protect mice and hamsters against infection (30, 36, 38, 89). Finally, little or no viral replication is observed in ACE2−/− mice (48). Additional factors may also contribute to the efficiency of infection. DC-SIGN-related protein (DC-SIGNR; L-SIGN, CD209L), DC-SIGN (CD209), and L-SECtin have been shown to enhance infection of ACE2-expressing cells (29, 45, 65, 105). These proteins do not appear to mediate efficient infection in the absence of ACE2 (45, 65). As previously described, cathepsin L or other alternative proteases are also necessary for efficient infection following ACE2 association (66, 82).
ACE2 is a type I transmembrane protein with a single metalloprotease-active site with a HEXXH zinc-binding motif (17, 90). The physiological function of ACE2 remains unclear. The enzyme has been shown to cleave a variety of regulatory peptides in vitro, among them angiotensin I and II, des-Arg-bradykinin, kinetensin, and neurotensin (17, 95). Some cleavage products have been shown to be potent vasodilators with antidiuretic effects. This finding suggests that ACE2 counterbalances the actions of ACE1, which mediates vasoconstriction (104). Furthermore, targeted disruption of ACE2 in mice resulted in severe cardiac contractility defects (13). The enzymatic activity of ACE2 does not contribute to its ability to mediate fusion and viral entry, and small molecule inhibitors that block catalysis do not inhibit SARS-CoV infection (60). However, ACE2 proteolysis has been implicated in SARS pathogenesis and in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). These studies also demonstrated that SARS-CoV S protein can down-regulate pulmonary ACE2 and that soluble ACE2 can protect mice from lung injury in a model of ARDS.
S-PROTEIN RECEPTOR-BINDING DOMAINS
Discrete, independently folded, receptor-binding domains (RBDs) of the S proteins of several coronaviruses have been described (2, 3, 5, 49, 100, 103). The first 330 amino acids of the 769-residue S1 subunit of the murine hepatitis virus S protein is sufficient to bind its receptor, CEACAM1 (49). A very different region of the S1 domain of HCoV-229E, between residues 407 and 547, is sufficient to associate with CD13 (3, 5). A 192-amino-acid fragment of the SARS-CoV S1 domain, residues 319 to 510, binds human ACE2 with greater efficiency than does the full-length S1 domain (2, 100, 103). As shown in Fig. 1, the RBDs of these coronaviruses are found in distinct regions of the primary structure of the S protein. This pattern may suggest that coronavirus S proteins are adapted for easy acquisition of novel binding domains or for rapid shifts in receptor usage.
Receptor-binding domains of coronaviruses. A representation of the primary structures of SARS-CoV, mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), and two group 1 human coronaviruses (HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-229E) is shown. The receptor-binding domains of each coronavirus are shown in cyan. The RBD of HCoV-NL63 is preliminary. The SARS-CoV RBD is shown in greater detail, with glycosylation sites and the disulfide structure indicated. Red denotes the receptor-binding motif within the RBD. The RBM comprises a long loop in direct contact with ACE2.
The crystal structure of the SARS-CoV RBD is consistent with this speculative possibility (56). The RBD contains two subdomains—a core and an extended loop (Fig. 2). The core is a five-stranded, antiparallel β-sheet, with three short connecting α-helices. The loop, residues 424 to 494, termed the receptor-binding motif (RBM), is the only domain that contacts ACE2 directly. Although the RBD core domain is homologous with similar regions of other group 2 coronaviruses, the RBM is unique to SARS-CoV (Fig. 2). The RBM may have been acquired from another coronavirus, perhaps a group 1 virus relative of HCoV-NL63. As indicated, HCoV-NL63 also enters cells through ACE2 (40), and its extended RBD region includes a stretch of residues with weak homology to the SARS-CoV RBM (unpublished observations).
Cocrystal of the SARS-CoV RBD bound to human ACE2. Cyan indicates a region of the RBD shared among group 2 coronaviruses, whereas red indicates the RBM, which is not homologous to that of other group 2 viruses. ACE2 is shown in white, with its cleft bearing the enzyme-active site facing forward and the membrane-associated C terminus at the bottom of the figure.
Moreover, the recently described SARS-CoV-like viruses isolated from bats lack this stretch of residues, including most residues directly contacting ACE2 (Fig. 3) (53, 56, 59). The absence of these RBM residues is consistent with the inability of these viruses to grow on tissue culture cells permissive for SARS-CoV (53, 59). If indeed bats are reservoir animals for a SARS-CoV predecessor, acquisition of this ACE2-binding region is likely to have been a critical event in the evolution of the virus. According to this scenario, the virus found in bats utilizes another receptor. A recombination event that occurred in bats, palm civets, or another host, perhaps with a group 1 virus similar to HCoV-NL63, may have given rise to SARS-CoV.
Bat SARS-CoV lacks an ACE2 RBM region. Alignment of a portion of the TOR2 SARS-CoV RBD with the equivalent region of bat SARS-CoV is shown. The RBM region is indicated in red. Residues that directly contact human ACE2 are shown in green, and residues 479 and 487 are indicated with arrows.
Humoral responses are sufficient to protect animals from SARS-CoV infection. A number of independent studies have found the RBD to be the major immunodominant and a potent neutralizing epitope on the S protein (10, 36, 38, 91, 93, 97, 113). Inoculation of the RBD induces potent neutralizing-antibody responses in rabbits and mice (37) and appears to completely protect mice from SARS-CoV challenge (Dale Barnard, personal communication). Neutralizing antibodies against the SARS-CoV RBD are relatively easy to generate, consistent with exposure of this domain (88, 113). Monoclonal antibodies targeted to the SARS-CoV RBD are effective in protecting mice at doses usable in humans (30, 89, 91). Collectively, the data suggest that the SARS-CoV RBD readily elicits antibodies that block replication. The exposure of this domain may reflect its recent acquisition or a strategy in which rapid transmission is favored over immune escape.
THE S-PROTEIN-BINDING REGION OF ACE2
The ability of the ACE2 proteins of mice, rats, and palm civets to support SARS-CoV infection has been compared with that of human ACE2 (57, 60). SARS-CoV infection was less efficient in cells expressing murine ACE2 than in cells expressing human receptor. Infection was nearly absent in those expressing rat ACE2. Consistent with a role for palm civets in transmitting virus, palm civet ACE2 supported SARS-CoV infection as efficiently as human ACE2. These results correlated with the affinity of each of these receptors for the S protein and its RBD (57, 60). Chimeras of human and rat ACE2 receptors were used to identify the S-protein-binding site on ACE2 (60). Alteration of four rat ACE2 residues (82 to 84 and 353) to their human equivalents converted rat ACE2 to an efficient SARS-CoV receptor. Residues 82 to 84 comprise a glycosylation site on the rat receptor that is not present on the mouse, palm civet, or human receptor. Residue 353 is a histidine in mouse and rat receptors and a lysine in palm civet and human ACE2. Strikingly, alteration of histidine 353 of mouse ACE2 to the human lysine results in a receptor that supports infection as efficiently as human ACE2 (W. Li, unpublished observation). Alterations of additional residues along the first helix of human ACE2 (lysine 31 and tyrosine 41) to alanine interfered with S-protein-mediated infection and RBD association. Collectively these data localize the S-protein-binding region to the membrane-distal lobe of the cleft that contains the catalytic site of ACE2 (56, 60).
S-PROTEIN VARIATION IN HUMAN AND ANIMAL ISOLATES
Three S proteins of distinct origins have been compared for their ability to use human and palm civet ACE2 (60, 76, 106). The first, TOR2, was isolated during the 2002-2003 epidemic (63). The second, designated GD03, was isolated from the sporadic infections in 2003-2004 (35). The third, SZ3, was obtained from palm civets (31). Both SZ3 and, less expectedly, GD03 bound and utilized palm civet ACE2 much more efficiently than human ACE2 (60). In contrast, TOR2 utilized both receptors efficiently. The efficiency with which virus from both human outbreaks utilized palm civet receptor is consistent with the recent transfer of SARS-CoV from palm civets to humans. The lower efficiency with which GD03 utilized human ACE2 compared with TOR2 may in part account for the mildness of symptoms and the absence of subsequent transmission observed during the 2003-2004 infections (61, 84).
The differences in these three S proteins were also reflected in the ability of their RBDs to bind human and palm civet ACE2 (Fig 4). Two amino acids, residues 479 and 487, largely determined the much greater efficiency with which the TOR2 RBD bound human ACE2 (60, 76). Residue 479 is an asparagine or serine in all S proteins isolated from humans during either the 2002-2003 epidemic or the 2003-2004 infections. However, most sequences isolated from palm civets or raccoon dogs encode a lysine at this position. This lysine is incompatible with human ACE2, but palm civet ACE2 can efficiently bind S proteins expressing either lysine or asparagine without an apparent preference for either (60). Palm civets may therefore be an important intermediate in the transfer of SARS-CoV to humans, permitting the emergence of viruses that express a small, uncharged amino acid at S-protein residue 479.
Summary of genetic and biochemical studies of SARS-CoV S-protein residues 479 and 487. (Top) The most frequently observed residues at positions 479 and 487 in sequences of viral genomes obtained during the 2002-2003 human SARS-CoV epidemic and the sporadic infections of 2003-2004 and from palm civets in a Guangdong marketplace. Note that a single isolated palm civet genome (from >20 sequences) encodes a threonine at 487, whereas all sequences from the 2002-2003 epidemic (>100 sequences) encode this threonine. (Bottom) The S-protein residues that confer the most-efficient binding to the ACE2 proteins of the indicated species. The entry for reservoir species is speculative, based on the observation that the ACE2 of at least one animal (mouse) prefers lysine at residue 479 and the additional observation that all but one sequence from the Guangdong marketplace animals encode a serine at residue 487.
Residue 487 is also of interest. Residue 487 is a threonine in all of the more than 100 S-protein sequences obtained during the 2002-2003 outbreak (35). It is a serine in S proteins from viruses isolated during the mild 2003-2004 infections and in all but one of the 20 or so S-protein sequences obtained from palm civets and raccoon dogs. The relatively modest change of threonine to serine in the TOR2 RBD resulted in an approximately 20-fold decrease in binding to human ACE2 (60). A corresponding increase was observed when a threonine was introduced into the SZ3 RBD. A threonine at position 487 also substantially increased association with palm civet ACE2. Notably, the single palm civet-derived S-protein sequence that encoded a threonine at position 487 also encoded an asparagine at position 479 (Zhihong Hu, personal communication). The emergence of this rare combination of S-protein residues in the palm civet-derived virus may have been necessary to generate a SARS-CoV that could efficiently transmit between humans. The infrequency of threonine 487 in animal-derived viruses may suggest that the receptor of the ultimate reservoir of SARS-CoV better utilizes a serine at this position.
The recently published cocrystal of ACE2 with the SARS-CoV RBD clarifies these observations (56). TOR2 S protein asparagine 479, most commonly a lysine in palm civet virus, interacts with a network of residues that include lysine 31 of human ACE2 (Fig. 5). Palm civet and murine ACE2s express small, uncharged residues at this position, presumably better accommodating an S-protein lysine. S-protein residue 487, a threonine in all epidemic SARS-CoV isolates, directly contacts critical ACE2 lysine 353 (Fig. 4). Interaction of the threonine methyl group with lysine 353 provides a clear explanation for the decrease in affinity for human and palm civet ACE2 when this threonine is altered to serine.
The contact region between the SARS-CoV RBD and ACE2 is shown. Residues that convert rat ACE2 to an efficient receptor are shown in orange. ACE2 lysine 31, which prevents association with SZ3 S protein, is shown in magenta. Lysine 31 and lysine 353 are indicated by arrows, with the amino acids of palm civet, mouse, and rat ACE2 at these positions shown in parentheses. TOR2 S-protein residues asparagine 479 and threonine 487 are also indicated, with the GD03 and SZ3 amino acids at these positions shown in parentheses.
The intense scientific effort expended in describing SARS and SARS-CoV has provided a unique case study in viral evolution and zoonotic transmission. The SARS-CoV example underscores the need in some instances for a bridge species that is in direct contact with humans and that may guide virus evolution so as to permit emergence of a variant that can transmit efficiently among humans. It highlights viral strategies that permit rapid adaptation to new species and shows that mildly pathogenic viruses may not remain so with changes in human and animal populations which increase viral diversity or the frequency of cross-species contacts. Experience with SARS-CoV has demonstrated the importance of field work that identifies and characterizes viruses and host factors in wild and domesticated animals. Further work in these directions may help anticipate and avoid the next SARS.
Important questions remain. What receptor does bat SARS-CoV utilize? If bats are indeed a reservoir of SARS-CoV-like viruses, when and in which species did these viruses acquire an S protein capable of using palm civet and human ACE2? Did SARS-CoV gain the use of ACE2 through recombination, and if so, with what virus? Are changes in the S protein that enhanced human-to-human transmission a probable consequence of incubation in palm civets and other animals or a unique event unlikely to recur? What changes in other viral proteins were necessary for SARS-CoV to transmit efficiently among humans? Study of SARS-CoV suggests we should direct our attention to adaptation strategies themselves, such as reassortment (for influenza viruses) and recombination (for coronaviruses), rather than to the end products of these adaptations. It also suggests that further attention should be given to the possible emergence of dangerous variants of common pathogens, such as HCoV-NL63 and its animal equivalents. In short, there are more lessons to learn from SARS.
*Corresponding author. Mailing address: 1 Pine Hill Drive, Southborough, MA 01772-9102. Phone: (508) 624-8019. Fax: (508) 786-3317. E-mail for W. Li: wenhui_li{at}hms.harvard.edu. E-mail for M. Farzan: farzan{at}hms.harvard.edu.
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Section 4: Precedent and evidence
The ‘doctrine of precedent’ is the rule that a legal principle that has been established by a superior court should be followed in other similar cases by that court and other courts. The doctrine of precedent was developed to promote consistency in decision-making by judges, on the basis that like cases should be determined in a like manner. There are two kinds of precedent: binding and persuasive.
Binding precedent
A precedent is ‘binding’ on a court if the precedent was made by a superior court that is higher in the hierarchy of courts. A binding precedent must be followed if the precedent is relevant and the circumstances of the cases are sufficiently similar. For example, decisions of the High Court are binding on all courts in Australia, but a decision of the Supreme Court is not binding on the High Court, and a decision of the District Court is not binding on the Supreme Court.
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Evidence is the information, documents and other material that is presented to a court to prove facts that are an issue in a case. For example, in a case involving a traffic accident, there may be a dispute about facts such as how fast the cars were travelling, or what the weather and visibility conditions were. Evidence to prove such facts might be drawn from sources such as eyewitness accounts of the accident, or weather reports for the location at the time of the accident, and the state of the cars and of the road after the accident (such as the nature of damage to the vehicles, and the length and direction of tyre marks on the road).
There are many rules about what kinds of evidence a court can accept for consideration, and in what circumstances. Evidence that can be taken into consideration (or ‘admitted’) by the court is called ‘admissible evidence’; evidence that cannot be admitted by the court is called ‘inadmissible evidence’. The rules of evidence are designed to ensure that only evidence that is reliable and fair is taken into consideration by the court in determining the factual circumstances of the case. The rules of evidence were developed at common law, but the Commonwealth, New South Wales, Victoria, the Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory have enacted uniform legislation that sets out most of the rules of evidence, largely replacing the common law rules of evidence: see, for example the Evidence Act 1995 (NSW).
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hearsay evidence – evidence given by a witness of something that the witness has heard but has not seen for himself or herself. For example, a witness may report that someone else who witnessed the accident said that the car was on the wrong side of the road, but the witness did not see this himself. Hearsay evidence is not admissible to prove that what is reported to have been said is actually true (but may be admissible to prove that what was reported to have been said was actually said); and
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Legal Writing in Context
Sonya G. Bonneau & Susan A. McMahon
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Sonya G. Bonneau
Professor of Legal Research and Writing
B.A., Cornell; J.D., University of California, Berkeley
Professor Bonneau was an attorney at Willkie Farr & Gallagher LLP, in its Manhattan office, and subsequently a partner at Hancock & Estabrook, LLP. Her practice areas included appellate practice and procedure, commercial litigation, employment discrimination, and antitrust law. Professor Bonneau was a law clerk for Hon. Norman A. Mordue at the United States District Court of the Northern District of New York. Before coming to Georgetown, Professor Bonneau was a legal writing professor at the Syracuse University College of Law.
Susan A. McMahon
B.A., College of the Holy Cross; J.D., Georgetown
After receiving her J.D. from Georgetown Law, Professor McMahon joined the law firm of Debevoise & Plimpton LLP, where she specialized in securities litigation, white collar criminal defense, and intellectual property disputes. She also represented several Guantanamo Bay detainees in their habeas corpus petitions before federal courts. From 2008 to 2009, Professor McMahon was law clerk to the Honorable Richard J. Leon of the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia. Prior to law school, she was an award-winning reporter for The Sun in Lowell, MA.
Copyright © 2017 Sonya G. Bonneau and Susan A. McMahon. All Rights Reserved. • Book published by Carolina Academic Press. • Site published by Georgetown Law Library.
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Home Topics Banking, Finance & micro-credit BNDES 1: The Bank, Corruption and the Amazon Dams
BNDES 1: The Bank, Corruption and the Amazon Dams
TopicsBanking, Finance & micro-creditCountriesBrazilEnergy & FuelEnvironmentRural Communities
SourceSue Branford
Mongabay Executive editor’s note (15-Jan-2016): Prior to publication, BNDES was not offered an opportunity to respond to allegations reported in this story. This was a serious oversight on our part and we have included a statement from BNDES at the bottom of the story. BNDES has agreed to an interview before the four stories remaining in this series are published.
Brazil’s BNDES (Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social) is the largest development bank in the world. Its annual disbursements of US$50 billion in 2014 were greater than those of the World Bank and Ex-Im Bank (Export-Import Bank of the United States) taken together. Although the bank has played a key role in Brazil’s development over the decades, its hasty expansion in recent years has created widespread concern that the bank is out of control and causing damage to Brazil’s people and biodiversity.
In the first of five articles on the BNDES, LAB’s Sue Branford looks at how the bank has become embroiled in an Amazon development scheme in which an alliance of profit-hungry construction companies and unethical politicians is pressing ahead with a series of huge hydroelectric dams without considering whether those dams will make a real contribution to the region’s development, or what the cost will be to the environment and indigenous people.
The Lava Jato (Car Wash) scandal has rocked Brazil and its presidency. Beginning with the state-run oil giant Petrobrás, the corruption scandal has now rippled out to include the nation’s gigantic BNDES-funded construction companies who are building large dams in the Amazon.
The Lava Jato investigation team is particularly focusing on the huge Belo Monte dam on the Xingu River, where massive cost overruns, and claims of ethnocide and significant environmental damage have been made.
Critics allege that Brazil’s energy planning, and BNDES funding of dams, is focused on awarding large contracts to big construction companies rather than on the public good, with near total disregard for the dams’ economic viability, environmental impacts and indigenous harm in the Amazon.
The Belo Monte dam under construction. Photo courtesy of Lalo de Almeida/Folhapress.
A massive corruption scandal, originally code named “Lava Jato” (Car Wash), erupted in Brazil in March 2014, and it is going on still. Police investigations have unearthed revelation after revelation, making it clear that the country’s largest company, the state-run oil giant Petrobrás, has been involved in bribery, bid rigging and kickbacks on a mind-boggling scale. Evidence is emerging of a vast money-laundering operation, likely totalling at least R$10 billion (US$3.5 billion).
The scandal is now rippling out beyond Petrobrás to the Amazon, where a small group of very large construction companies are building a series of gigantic hydroelectric dams. The Lava Jato investigation is now starting to explain one of the mysteries surrounding Amazon development: why the Brazilian government is investing so heavily in these dams, which have long been criticised for being economically unviable, and socially and environmentally unsustainable.
Paulo Roberto Costa, a former director of Petrobrás and one of the highest-ranking officials involved in the scandal, told Congress that corruption on a huge scale was occurring outside the oil sector and inside the construction industry. Photo courtesy Wikipedia
Puzzle pieces began falling into place in December 2014 when Paulo Roberto Costa, a former director of Petrobrás and one of the highest-ranking officials involved in the scandal, told Congress that corruption on a huge scale was occurring outside the oil sector. He disclosed that: “It [corruption] happens all over Brazil, with regard to highways, trains, ports, airports and hydroelectric dams. All you have to do it investigate.” Shortly, information began to surface that corruption had guided the awarding of the big Amazon dam contracts.
Corruption at foundation of Belo Monte dam?
In June 2015, Dalton Avancini, the former CEO of Camargo Corrêa, one of Brazil’s largest construction companies, testified to public prosecutors that his company had paid R$30 million (US$9.6 million) to the ruling Workers’ Party (PT) and the other main party in the ruling coalition, the PMDB, in exchange for contracts for the giant and controversial Belo Monte dam on the Xingu River in the Amazon.
It was soon reported that other big companies had also been involved in Amazon skulduggery. Some of Brazil’s biggest construction companies — Odebrecht, Andrade Gutierrez, OAS and Galvão Engenharia — were said to have paid bribes, just like Camargo Corrêa, to win Belo Monte contracts.
In the face of mounting evidence, Sérgio Ricardo Costa Caribé, from the MPF (Federal Public Ministry) — an independent branch of the federal government leading the investigations — asked Brazil’s TCU (Central Accounting Office) to set up an investigation to see “if the practices revealed by the Lava Jato operation are also occurring in state companies in the electricity sector.”
In September 2015, José Múcio Monteiro, the investigation’s TCU rapporteur, announced that he would concentrate his inquiries on the Belo Monte dam. He was doing this, he said, because it was “the country’s biggest, totally national hydroelectric power station” and involved the very large investment of R$33 billion (US$8.7 billion). Roughly two-thirds of that amount — RS$22.5 billion (US$6 billion) — had been contributed by the BNDES, which meant that Brazilian taxpayers were footing most of the bill for construction and alleged corruption.
Although Monteiro has not yet published his report as yet, a mass of worrying information has emerged that suggests catastrophic flaws in the “political and economic architecture” of the project. It appears that Belo Monte was ill-conceived from the outset.
Prior to construction, studies had shown that, unless extreme care was taken, the dam would seriously harm not only the region’s rich biodiversity, but also the livelihoods and culture of local people, particularly indigenous groups. A recent independent federal investigation found that these dire forecasts have likely been fulfilled, with the chief Belo Monte construction company and the Brazilian federal government now accused of ethnocide against seven indigenous groups.
Engineering studies had also predicted before construction that water levels in the reservoirs would be so low that the dam would not generate enough energy to pay for itself. An authoritative 2015 study bears out these predictions, and worse: it found that the flow of the Xingu river in eastern Amazonia, which will feed the Belo Monte dam, will fall by 25 to 55 percent due to climate change by 2040 — potentially turning the giant dam into a useless white elephant.
Faced with these damning forecasts, the construction companies refused to put their own money into the project and withdrew from the Belo Monte consortium. But the companies were happy to bid for portions of the construction work, knowing that they would be paid, no matter how little energy the dam generated. In so doing, they transferred all financial risk to the government and state-run companies, and guaranteed their profits. The financing of Belo Monte by the BNDES left taxpayers holding the bag.
BNDES: the goose that lays the golden eggs
While evidence is still being uncovered, the central role that BNDES has played in the development of the vast new network of Amazon dams, and in Brazilian corruption schemes, is clear: If the bank had been more transparent and accountable during the planning stages, and had protected the public interest — as its statutes require — Belo Monte and other dams, such as Santo Antônio and Jirau on the Madeira River in western Amazonia, would not have gone ahead or would have been built in a very different, more modest and less damaging way.
The BNDES is important for another reason: it is the goose that lays the golden eggs. The bank is the channel through which billions of taxpayer dollars are transferred to the Amazon without proper controls or oversight — money which unscrupulous businessmen and politicians can easily get their hands on, with few questions asked.
Not surprisingly, the huge Brazilian construction companies, which benefit from BNDES investments and government contracts, have become key funders of politicians’ electoral campaigns. In return, the companies expect to be awarded over-priced projects, from which they skim enormous profits. According to a US academic study into campaign donations and government contracts in Brazil, corporate donors to the PT in the 2006 elections received between 14 to 39 times the value of their donations in government contracts.
While this kind of corruption exists in many countries, it appears to have spiraled out of control in Brazil, facilitated by the lack of independent supervision of powerful players, particularly the BNDES. Based on what is known, there is certainly evidence of over-billing for dams in the Amazon. Belo Monte’s budget, originally set at R$19 billion (US$5 billion), has increased to R$33 billion (US$8.75 billion). The two dams on the Madeira River also overran costs: Santo Antônio, originally budgeted at R$14.3 billion (US$3.8 billion), cost R$19.2 billion (US$5.1 billion); and Jirau, originally budgeted at R$9.6 billion (US$2.5 billion), cost R$16.6 billion (US$4.4 billion).
The BNDES has made decisive contributions to all these dams: R$22.5 billion (US$6.0 billion) to Belo Monte; R$6.1 billion (US$1.6 billion) to Santo Antônio; R$9.5 billion (US$2.5 billion) to Jirau in two investments R$7.2 billion (US$1.9 billion) in 2009 and an additional R$2.3 billion(US$0.6 billion) in 2012.
Where big money flows corruption goes
One of the people following the saga of the Amazonian dams closely is Felício Pontes, a MPF Prosecutor in the state of Pará. He told Mongabay: “The factor that explains the irrational option for hydroelectric stations in the Amazon is corruption. Many people classify corruption in Brazil as endemic but, in the case of the electric sector, it is much more serious and can even be considered a pandemic because of its widespread nature, the influence of the bribes in decision-making, and the predominance of private interests over the fundamental rights of Brazilian citizens. In other words, energy planning in Brazil is not treated as a strategic issue involving the future of the nation but, at least since the time of the military dictatorship, as a source of money for construction companies and politicians. I think that, until these questions are exposed and resolved, we will continue to have expensive and inefficient dams that have a serious social and environmental impact in Amazonia.”
The current corruption investigations continue gaining momentum. The huge construction company, Camargo Corrêa, has paid back R$700 million (US$175 million) to the public purse in recognition of its crimes, the biggest payment of its kind ever made in Brazil. Several chief executives of construction companies are under arrest. In December Marcelo Odebrecht, the grandson of the founder of Brazil’s largest construction firm — detained by authorities since June — resigned as president of the company.
Some action has also been taken to staunch the flood of corruption. The Supreme Court has now banned corporate donors from contributing to candidates or political parties, though it is too early to be sure that the new ruling will be effective.
Meanwhile, the corruption turmoil is adding to Brazil’s current economic woes, which have been largely driven by the decline in world commodity prices. The country’s GDP is estimated to have fallen by 3.2% in 2015.
Deltan Dallagnol, a public prosecutor in the MPF (Federal Public Ministry) and head of the Lava Jato corruption investigation that is implicating huge construction company contracts for the building of Amazon dams. Photo by José Cruz/ABr licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license
Deltan Dallagnol, a public prosecutor in the MPF and head of the Lava Jato investigation, is confident that the upheaval is worth the strife, and that it has the potential to catalyse a big change in Brazilian political culture. He said in December 2015: “We need to understand that together we hold in our hands the power to change our country. Brazil isn’t the private property of a corrupt elite. The window for changing Brazil is open, and it is today that we decide what country we will have tomorrow”. The MPF is organising a petition to demand tougher measures to combat corruption. When it has gathered 1.5 million signatures, Congress will be required to debate the issue.
It is difficult to predict the long-term repercussions of the present investigations. With powerful economic interests at stake, and the Brazilian government in chaos, and with attempts by the opposition to impeach President Rousseff, it will not be easy to instigate lasting change. But, at the very least, the scandal has brought the past actions of unscrupulous officials and companies, and the BNDES into the light, and thrown them off balance for now. The investigation has also created space for a debate on how the huge sums invested by the BNDES should be spent and managed in future, a discussion many in Brazil say is long overdue.
Response from BNDES
The site “Mongabay” published a news report in which the BNDES is the main focus, but did so without contacting or consulting the Bank. The BNDES would like to clarify that some affirmations in the report are made with no sound or reliable basis, claiming that the bank is involved in corruption scandals supposedly associated with financing granted to large-scale hydroelectric power plants.
The procedures the BNDES undertakes when granting credit are based on technical and impartial criteria, and analyzing projects involves dozens of people and collegiate bodies. Resources are only released once specific requirements are met, including not only all the requirements established in Brazilian law but also prerequisites the bank establishes in its contracts. Whenever requested, the BNDES has always provided the control agencies of the Brazilian government with all the information related to credit that it grants. The Bank was a pioneer in making its financing data available on the Internet, and, today, it is the most transparent development bank in the world. It also maintains constant contact with civil society organizations, which are systematically received at the BNDES in scheduled meetings that include technical and executive staff from the institution.
Without hearing the BNDES’ side to the story, the text “Mongabay” published essentially relies on second-hand accounts to construct a biased, one-sided and distorted narrative on the Bank.
More specifically, we also would like to make clear that:
– There are no findings or conclusions from the Lava-Jato operation that involve the BNDES in any wrongdoing;
– The BNDES did not “contribute” with money to help the construction of hydroelectric plants. What we do is to provide loans that are being repaid, with interest. The BNDES’ operations generate income and jobs in Brazil, and the Bank is very profitable, with the lowest delinquent loans rate of the entire Brazilian banking system (public and private). These profits are returned to the Treasury, benefiting Brazilian society as a whole.
-The concession of credit by the BNDES is not influenced by campaign donations. The analysis of each operation presented to the bank involves about 50 employees and collegiate bodies. The BNDES is the main provider of long-term financing in the Brazilian economy, so it obviously relates to most of the companies that are active in Brazil. The impartial procedure and the accurate analysis process to which the loan requests are submitted result in the lowest bad loans rate in the entire Brazilian financial system, both public and private.
This article was first published by Mongabay on 11 January 2016. You can read the original here.
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WHAT WE BUILD SO THAT WE CAN TAKE
Posted in ECOLOGY, ECONOMICS, ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE, HISTORY, ONLINE ONLY, PLANNING, RESEARCH, RESIDENTIAL, UNIVERSITY, tagged Andre Grospe, Belo Horizonte, Beyond the City: The South American Hinterland in the Soils of the 21st Century, bowling alley, Brazil, Chicago Architecture Biennial, Chile, Ciudad Guayana, company towns, Creole Petroleum, Devin Dobrowolski, ECOLOGY, exhibition, extractive industries, Felipe Correa, global trade, gold mines, Grid, Harvard’s Joint Center for Urban Studies, housing, hydropower, industrial park, informal economies, iron, Jonah Coe-Scharff, Judibana, Katie LaRose, landscape architect, Landscape Architecture, landscape design, Maria Elena, MIT, modernist, networks, nitrate mines, oil, planning, public–private partnerships, resource, social mandate, SOM, Somatic Collaborative, South America, suburban, supermarket, technocracy, University of Virginia, Urbanism, Venezuela, Vila Piloto, Zach Mortice on December 18, 2019| 1 Comment »
BY ZACH MORTICE
The nitrate mining town of María Elena in Chile. Photo by Ignacio Infante.
For an exhibit focused on extractive industries, Beyond the City: The South American Hinterland in the Soils of the 21st Century is mercifully short on aerial photos of strip mines and oil derricks. Instead, the installation by Somatic Collaborative now at the 2019 Chicago Architecture Biennial focuses on the human settlements that serve resource extraction industries.
Beyond the City catalogs five South American cities established or expanded because of the growth of heavy industry from the late 19th century to the mid-20th century. The five case studies are spread across three nations and several extraction, or at least exceptionally invasive, industries: gold mines in Belo Horizonte, Brazil; nitrate mines in María Elena, Chile; oil drilling in Judibana, Venezuela; iron mining in Ciudad Guayana, Venezuela; and the production of hydropower in Vila Piloto, Brazil. Each of the cities shares “a very strong national or state government that was pushing forward a project that they believed would advance a larger greater good,” says Somatic Collaborative cofounder Felipe Correa, the chair of the architecture school at the University of Virginia (UVA). These public–private partnerships sought to develop housing and working environments for a white-collar managerial class that would guide populist infrastructure expansions harvested from this land. “Industry had a social project,” Correa says. “If you look at what oil companies are doing in the middle of the Amazon today, they’re completely devoid of a social project.” Beyond the City presents historical evidence on how this mandate was introduced, but the exhibition trails off once each town left its designers’ hands. (more…)
ART DIRECTOR’S CUT, OCTOBER 4
Posted in ECOLOGY, ENVIRONMENT, ONLINE ONLY, PLANNING, RESEARCH, RESILIENCE, SHORELINE, UNIVERSITY, WATER, tagged basin, landscape architect, Landscape Architecture, landscape design, Lesley Perez, MIT, public works, Research, stormwater, Water, wetland on October 4, 2018| Leave a Comment »
The things our art director, Chris McGee, hated to leave out of the current issue of LAM.
Courtesy Tyler Swingle
From “Shapes of Water” in the October 2018 issue by Lesley Perez, Associate ASLA. MIT research is helping to make the design of stormwater-retaining wetlands more accessible for municipalities and public works departments.
“Wire-frame wetlands.”
–CHRIS MCGEE, LAM ART DIRECTOR
As always, you can buy this issue of Landscape Architecture Magazine at more than 700 bookstores, including many university stores and independents, as well as at Barnes & Noble. You can also buy single digital issues for only $5.25 at Zinio or order single copies of the print issue from ASLA. Annual subscriptions for LAM are a thrifty $59 for print and $44.25 for digital. Our subscription page has more information on subscription options.
OUT OF TIME / SAINDO DO TEMPO
Posted in CITIES, FEATURES, HEALING GARDENS, MEMORIAL, OCEANS, PARKS, PEOPLE, PLANNING, PLANTS, RESEARCH, SPECIES, STREETS, STUDENTS, WATER, tagged African diaspora, Afro-Brazilian, Anita Berrizbeitia, archaeology, baobab trees, Brazil, Brazilian Pavilion, Cais do Valongo, Circuit of African Heritage, city planning, commemoration, Ficus, GGN, Giovanni Harvey, Harvard GSD, Institute for Transportation and Development Policy, Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional, Instituto Rio Patrimônio da Humanidade, Landscape Architecture Foundation, memorial, MIT, Monticello, Mulberry Row, National Trust for Historic Preservation, New Orleans, Olmsted Scholar fellowship, Olympics, plants, Porto Maravilha, racial justice, Richmond, Richmond Slave Trail, Rio de janeiro, Rob Nieweg, roda de samba, samba, Sara Zewde, Shockoe Bottom, slave port, slave trade, slavery, Social Justice, South America, time, UNESCO World Heritage Site, Valongo Wharf, Valongo Wharf Archaeological Site, Venice Biennale, Virginia, West Africa, western architecture, Wharf, Whitney Plantation Museum on April 19, 2018| 1 Comment »
As part of an ongoing effort to make content more accessible, LAM will be making select stories available to readers in different languages. For a full list of translated articles, please click here.
BY JENNIFER REUT / IMAGES BY SARA ZEWDE
FROM THE APRIL 2018 ISSUE OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE MAGAZINE.
There are a number of arresting images in Sara Zewde’s proposal for a memorial at Valongo Wharf in Rio de Janeiro, but my favorite is the one with the water. In it, ghostly figures in white are faded back over a scrim of water overlaid on the sea. Above their heads is a diagram of points and lines that ricochet out from a dense cluster triangulating across the sky. The palette is one of muted blues and grays. It feels both transcendent and somber.
The diagram comes from one of the spatial analyses that Zewde did on samba, the distinctly Brazilian musical form with African roots that lives in the city’s streets and squares. It depicts the roda de samba, an informal dance circle of musicians and spectators who become musicians. The character of samba is both sad and happy, a shout of joy and a lamentation.
In July 2017, the Valongo Wharf Archaeological Site in Rio de Janeiro became a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Zewde helped write the nomination, and her ideas are threaded through the descriptions. Recognized for “Outstanding Universal Value,” for its material, spiritual, and cultural significance, the wharf was and is the central element in a landscape that profoundly shaped the history of the Western Hemisphere: the built environment of slavery. (more…)
Posted in ECOLOGY, FARMS, FORWARD, HABITAT, PLANTS, SOIL, SPECIES, WATER, tagged agriculture, Alex Hackman, Atlantic white cedars, berms, Canal, constructed wetlands, cranberry, Cranberry bog, Cranberry farm, Cranberry Revitalization Task Force, dams, farming, glaciers, Glorianna Davenport, hydrology, Inter-Fluve, irrigation, kettle holes, landscape architect, Landscape Architecture, landscape design, Living Observatory, Massachusetts, Massachusetts Audubon Society, MIT, Nick Nelson, peat bogs, pesticide, plants, Plymouth, Quebec, restoration, sand, soil, Streams, Tidmarsh Farms, U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service’s Wetlands Reserve Program, Vaccinium macrocarpon, Water, wetlands, Wisconsin on January 18, 2018| 3 Comments »
BY LISA OWENS VIANI
A retired cranberry bog inspires an innovative approach to wetland restoration.
FROM THE JANUARY 2018 ISSUE OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE MAGAZINE.
In 2005, Glorianna Davenport began to think about retiring the cranberry farm she owned in Plymouth, Massachusetts. In the late 1980s, the 600-acre farm was producing 1 percent of Ocean Spray’s cranberry harvest, but Davenport had become concerned about the amount of pesticides being used—and the way those pesticides were applied. “Because cranberries are grown on former wetlands, we had to farm with helicopters,” Davenport says. “And spraying chemicals from helicopters is not really great in a densely populated area.” Davenport, a visiting scientist at the MIT Media Laboratory, whose husband bought the cranberry farm in the early 1980s, could also see the handwriting on the wall for older cranberry farms, with new cultivars producing five times as many berries, farmed in places easier to access than wetlands and river bottoms. “The industry was changing pretty radically,” Davenport says. “The way we had been farming was really the legacy of another era.”
Davenport learned that a nearby cranberry farm had been restored back to wetlands—said to be the first project of its kind in the United States—and that she was eligible for assistance through the U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service’s Wetlands Reserve Program, which pays farmers to take land out of production to preserve, restore, and enhance wetlands on their properties. The program was established by the 1990 Farm Bill. In 2008, Davenport decided to retire from MIT to undertake the restoration of Tidmarsh Farms. With federal and state funding in hand, she began working with the state’s Department of Fish and Game to pull together an interdisciplinary team of state and federal scientists and river, wetland, and other experts to help restore the bog at Tidmarsh Farms, an effort that took several years.
Ten thousand years ago, glaciers moved down across the northeastern United States, then retreated. As they did, big chunks of ice were left, forming (more…)
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Litigating a Cross-Border Dispute: 10 Things American Lawyers Should Know about Depositions in Canada
Oct 15, 2014by Brett G. Harrison, Richard McCluskey 2014 Lexpert/ALM 500 Directory
By Brett Harrison and Richard McCluskey1
McMillan LLP
With cross-border litigation on the rise, US counsel are increasingly finding themselves both managing Canadian litigation and requiring the examination of witnesses located north of the border for use as evidence in US trials. As such, US counsel may find themselves participating in Canadian depositions, the specific practices and procedures of which are foreign to them. However, it is important that US counsel understand the differences between oral discovery in the US and Canada for the following three reasons:
In the context of managing Canadian litigation, a solid understanding of both the benefits and burdens that accompany oral discovery in Canada will assist US counsel in effectively supervising their Canadian counterparts. This is compounded in circumstances in which a US counsel is tasked with managing parallel actions on both sides of the border.
Further, where a client has a choice of jurisdictions in which to litigate, the significant differences that exist between depositions in Canada and the US may play an important role when deciding in which country to pursue a claim.
Finally, US counsel may seek evidence from Canadian witnesses via letters rogatory for use in US trials. However, many US lawyers may be surprised to learn that it is possible to conduct these examinations of Canadian deponents pursuant to the rules of either jurisdiction. It is important to understand the differences between these rules when deciding which procedures should be used to examine Canadian witnesses to determine whether there is a strategic advantage to be gained by applying one set of rules over another.
It is clear that each of the above circumstances gives rise to a number of tactical and strategic considerations in the pursuit or defense of a claim and US counsel will be in a better position to effectively advise clients with respect to these issues if they have a thorough understanding of the following differences between Canadian and US depositions.
THERE IS SIGNIFICANTLY LESS DISCOVERY2
As a starting point, there is significantly less discovery in Canada as compared with the US. US counsel are often surprised by the restrictions placed on discovery, both in terms of (a) the number of witnesses deposed, and (b) the types of information that is discoverable. Accordingly, the volume of information exchanged between Canadian litigants is often less, and the number of deponents examined is often fewer, than what would be expected in US actions. These limitations may pose challenges for US counsel accustomed to broader discovery rights, but can be advantageous to defendants who are often protected from fishing expeditions.
Rule 1.04 of the Ontario Rules codifies the general principle of proportionality in Ontario actions: “the court shall make orders and give directions that are proportionate to the importance and complexity of the issues, and to the amount involved, in the proceeding.” This rule has been used by parties to further restrict discovery based not only on the importance and complexity of the proceeding, but the cost involved in providing the documents or information sought. It should also be noted that Ontario is a loser-pays jurisdiction and the court will typically award costs against an unsuccessful party.
NARROWER SCOPE OF DOCUMENTARY PRODUCTION
Prior to oral discovery, every party to an Ontario proceeding has a positive obligation to disclose (and make available on request) every document that is “relevant to any matter in issue in an action” that is or has been in its power, possession or control. These documents are listed in an affidavit sworn by the party's representative and must be disclosed whether they support or damage the disclosing party's case. Unlike in US proceedings, the parties do not exchange initial disclosures followed by requests for production. Instead, these steps are combined into a single disclosure in Ontario. In the event one party is of the view that the other has failed to disclose all relevant documents, or if a dispute arises as to the relevancy of a document, a motion before the court may be required to compel the production of additional documents.
In both US and Ontario actions, all “relevant” information is discoverable. However, the test for determining relevancy has been framed differently on either side of the border. In Ontario, information sought to be discovered must be actually relevant to the matters in issue in the action, as determined by reference to the pleadings. In the US, information is considered relevant, and therefore discoverable, as long as it is reasonably calculated to lead to the discovery of admissible evidence. This is broader than the definition of relevancy used in Ontario.
THERE ARE NO WRITTEN INTERROGATORIES
In a significant difference between the jurisdictions, Ontario does not have a process for written interrogatories akin to US Federal Rule 33. While an Ontario litigant may elect to conduct its discovery of the opposing party in writing by serving a list of written questions, this comes entirely at the expense oral examinations. Further, it is only available of one deponent, as opposed to the 25 written interrogatories permitted in the US. While an Ontario court may grant leave allowing for a combination of written and oral discovery of a witness (or multiple witnesses), this is rare and not standard practice.
While Ontario defendants can request that a plaintiff provide further details in support of its claim prior to defending the action and can request copies of all documents referred to in the claim, these are limited discovery tools that do not match the breadth of discovery permitted by written interrogatories under the US Federal Rules.
THE “ONE DEPONENT” PER PARTY RULE
In another significant restriction on discovery in Ontario, a party is only entitled to examine a single representative – either a current officer, director or employee – from an opposing corporate party. This is in significant contrast to the experience of US counsel, who may be accustomed to deposing any number of individuals with knowledge of the matters in issue.
In practical terms, the examining party will request, or the corporate party will nominate, one individual who will be responsible for answering questions on behalf of the organization as a whole. In Ontario, a party has a relatively unfettered right to select the corporate representative it wishes to examine. In the event there is a dispute over who would make an appropriate discovery witness, the parties may appear before the court to settle the issue. Leave of court (or consent of the parties) is also required before any additional corporate representatives can be examined.
In addition to being a significant departure from US practice, the “one deponent” rule has strategic benefit to US counsel defending a corporate defendant in Canada. The “one deponent” rule provides the corporation with greater control over the flow of information than would be expected in the US where a plaintiff is entitled to examine any number of past and present corporate employees.
A deponent in Ontario must answer, to the best of his or her knowledge, information and belief, any question relevant to any matter in issue in the action. Again, as is the case with documentary discovery, relevance is interpreted strictly and in relation to the pleadings before the court. As a corporate deponent is likely to be the only individual examined on behalf of the company, he or she has a duty to become informed on the matters in issue in advance of the examination. This is often accomplished by conferring with other employees who possess relevant information and reviewing the company's documentary productions.
Where the answer to a question is not within the personal knowledge of the deponent selected, he or she has an obligation to make inquiries of others within the company and subsequently provide an answer, typically in writing. While the opposing party can insist upon a further oral examination of the deponent on matters arising out of the written answers, this is not common practice.
A corporate deponent will typically provide one of the following four answers in responding to questions: (a) the witness will answer the question on the basis of his or her knowledge, information and belief; (b) the witness will undertake to answer the question at a later time, after conferring with others or reviewing relevant documents; (c) the witness will take the question “under advisement,” as described below; or (d) the witness will refuse to answer the question.
OBLIGATION OF DEPONENT TO UNDERTAKE TO MAKE INQUIRES AND RIGHT TO REFUSE TO ANSWER QUESTIONS
As outlined above, where a corporate witness does not know the answer to a question posed during an examination, he or she can undertake to make reasonable inquiries or review certain records and provide the answer on a later date. Opposing counsel will also commonly make requests for specific documents that were not included in a party's productions, which a witness may undertake to locate and produce. These undertakings are usually agreed upon by counsel (as opposed to the witness), to ensure the request is relevant and the scope is proportionate to the litigation.
Pursuant to the Ontario Rules of Civil Procedure, answers to undertakings must be provided within 60 days of the examination, failing which they are deemed as refusals. In practice, counsel often agree to a different timeline with respect to production of responses in order to accommodate the work required to compile the necessary answers and documents. In complex multi-party litigation, a corporate witness may provide a significant number of undertakings, possibly into the hundreds.
As a discovery tool, the significance of the examining party's right to obtain undertakings cannot be overemphasized. All relevant, proportionate and non-privileged questions and requests put to the corporate witness must be answered, whether or not it is within the witness' personal knowledge. The right to obtain undertakings is a fundamental difference between Canadian and US discovery practice, and is a key consideration for US counsel to keep in mind when considering whether to examine a witnesses in Ontario pursuant to local rules.
In Ontario, a witness can also take a question “under advisement” or can refuse to answer the question entirely on certain grounds. When a witness takes a question under advisement, the witness reserves his or her position on the question until a later date. That is, the witness can subsequently choose to answer the question or may continue to refuse it. Under advisements are often provided when counsel needs to consider the request further – possibly to consider relevancy or privilege – before agreeing to provide the requested information or documents. Under advisements ultimately become deemed refusals if they are not answered, and are sometimes viewed as a polite way of refusing a question.
A witness may also refuse to answer a question entirely, as opposed to answering under objection. Questions are commonly refused if a question calls for irrelevant or privileged information or if the scope of the request is disproportionate to quantum at issue in the litigation. Unlike the US, a party can refuse to answer questions even where those questions do not concern privileged matters. After the examination, the parties may negotiate the refused questions and the witness may ultimately agree to provide a narrower response. In the event the refusals cannot be negotiated, the examining party may bring a motion before the court to compel responses to questions that were improperly refused. In general, refusals provided during Ontario depositions are less formal than US counsel may expect.
DEPOSITIONS ARE RARELY VIDEOTAPED
US counsel may also be surprised to learn that the videotaping of depositions is not common practice in Ontario. Examinations will be audio recorded in the presence of a court reporter, but videotaping is rare and would need to be negotiated between the parties. If a US counsel is examining a witness in Canada to obtain evidence for use in a US trial, a request to have the examination videotaped should be expressly made in the letters rogatory issued by the US court.
A PARTY IS ONLY ENTITLED TO SEVEN HOURS OF EXAMINATION
While the US Federal Rules and the Ontario Rules of Civil Procedure both impose seven hour time limits on the duration of depositions, the manner in which these limits are imposed is very different.
In the US, the deposition of any given witness may not exceed seven hours, regardless of the number of examining parties. Therefore, if a plaintiff sues multiple defendants, they have a combined total of seven hours of deposition time to divide amongst themselves. Significantly, each individual defendant may get substantially less than seven hours of the plaintiff's time.
In Ontario, each party has a total of seven hours in which to complete its examinations of all other sides, regardless of the number of parties to be examined. Therefore, a plaintiff who sues three defendants may be subject to three individual examinations, each of which may be seven hours long. A defendant may also choose to divide its seven hours between an examination of the plaintiff and examinations of its co-defendants. In practice, the parties will usually come to reasonable agreements on the duration of examinations outside the limits imposed by the rules of practice.
NON-PARTY DISCOVERY IS SIGNIFICANTLY RESTRICTED
Unlike in the US, obtaining documents and examinations of non-parties (such as fact witnesses and additional employees above the selected corporate representative) is highly restricted in Ontario proceedings. Non-parties are not automatically subject to examination before trial, and leave must be sought of the court to obtain their depositions. The party seeking the examination must satisfy the court that: (a) it has been unable to obtain the information sought from other parties; (b) it would be “unfair” to require the party to go to trial without the examination of the non-party; and (c) the examination sought will not unduly delay the trial, cause unreasonable expense for other parties, or result in unfairness to the person to be examined. This test is not easily satisfied and requests for non-party discovery are rarely granted. The lack of non-party discovery is another example of how the scope of discovery in Canada is significantly narrower than in the US.
EXPERT WITNESS ARE NOT DEPOSED PRIOR TO TRIAL
While some provinces permit expert witness depositions with leave of the court, in most Canadian jurisdictions the prohibition on the examination of non-parties extends to the examination of expert witnesses. Accordingly, parties are not provided an opportunity to depose opposing experts in advance of cross-examination at trial. In Ontario, copies of expert reports setting out the substance of the expert testimony to be given at trial must be exchanged 90 days before pre-trial. Further, an opposing expert's findings, opinions and conclusions are discoverable during the discovery phase of litigation. However, neither of these tools provide an adequate substitute for the deposition of expert witnesses commonly conducted in the US.
DEEMED UNDERTAKING OF CONFIDENTIALITY
Confidentiality orders are not common most proceedings as documents and information obtained during the discovery process in Ontario are protected by a “deemed undertaking”, which prevents the others parties from using that information for any purpose beyond the pursuit or defense of the proceeding during which it was obtained. In other words, documents obtained during discovery in one proceeding cannot be disclosed to outside parties or used to bring other claims against third parties in separate lawsuits. That said, once information or documents have been filed in open court, used at trial or otherwise made a matter of public record, the deemed undertaking no longer applies. In the event commercially sensitive information is at risk of being filed in open court and made public, a party may seek a protective order from the court sealing all or part of the court record.
While not intending to provide an exhaustive review of Canadian deposition procedures, the foregoing highlights some of the many differences between US and Canadian practice. In the event a US counsel is faced with deciding whether to proceed with an action in Canada or whether to examine a Canadian witness pursuant to local rules, these comments may assist in making those decisions. It is important to keep in mind that some of the biggest differences – including the limit to one corporate representative and the entitlement to undertakings – may provide strategic opportunities not always available in US litigation.
The authors would like to thank Rukesh Korde, a partner in the DC office of Covington and Burling LLP, for his input and guidance in the writing of this article.
As the governing rules of civil procedure vary from province to province in Canada, this article will focus on the differences between the US Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and the Ontario Rules of Civil Procedure. While there are some differences between the governing rules in each of the Canadian provinces, there is much commonality between them, particularly when it comes to the limitations on discovery rights. The only exception to this is the Province of Québec, which is governed by its own Civil Code.
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Home TopicsBuilding Wealth What Rip Van Winkle Can Teach You About Investing
What Rip Van Winkle Can Teach You About Investing
written by Nicholas Vardy April 18, 2019
You may recall the tale of Rip Van Winkle – the Dutch-American hero of a famous short story by American author Washington Irving. The plot is both simple and intriguing.
Rip Van Winkle falls asleep in the Catskill Mountains… and wakes up 20 years later.
Much has changed in his village. For one thing, he has missed the entire American Revolution – and the birth of the United States of America.
And instead of the colonies’ former ruler King George III, it’s George Washington’s portrait that hangs in his local inn.
Now imagine if you had fallen asleep like Rip Van Winkle… but for only a single year.
When you went to bed on April 16, 2018, you were 100% invested in the S&P 500 and it was trading at 2,670.
When you woke up a year later, the S&P 500 was trading at 2,907- up 8.9%.
And since you reinvested your dividends, your total return jumped to 11.5%.
With the average annual historical return on the S&P 500 at approximately 10%, you’d think it was a better-than-average year.
But otherwise, not much had happened.
Now compare this with your actual experience.
If you remained awake, the last 12 months were among the most stomach-churning since the global financial crisis of 2008.
What the Heck Just Happened?
Starting last April, the S&P 500 embarked on a steady stairstep path upward until it hit a new high in late September.
Then, almost overnight, the market fell out of bed, eventually tumbling nearly 20%.
After bottoming on Christmas Eve, the S&P 500 spent the next four months embarking on yet another steady stairstep path upward.
And it is now trading at just short of new record highs.
But those slowdowns were enough for the market Cassandras to emerge from the woodwork.
Permabear David Rosenberg confidently declared in early January that a recession is virtually unavoidable in 2019.
But as the U.S. stock market started to recover, the doom-and-gloom narrative also began to wane.
Almost overnight, the “Goldilocks scenario“- a U.S. economy that is not too hot, not too cold – is back.
Mortgage applications and durable goods orders are up. The U.S. created 196,000 jobs in March. Average hourly wages are up 3.4% year on year, and the unemployment rate of 3.8% is close to the lowest since 1969.
The inverted yield curve – often a signal of an imminent recession – is also back to normal again.
And perhaps most importantly, the Fed has signaled that it doesn’t expect to raise rates this year.
As one reporter for The Wall Street Journal observed, “Eventually the central bank could take the punchbowl away, but for now the drinks are on the house.”
What Would Rip Van Winkle Do?
Of course, a soundly sleeping Rip Van Winkle would have noticed none of this.
And had you been asleep this past year, you would have remained blissfully ignorant of the 20% sell-off of U.S. stocks during Q4 2018.
And spared yourself the gut-wrenching decision of whether to participate in Q1 2019’s spectacular market rebound.
There are, of course, real-life “investing” Rip Van Winkles out there…
No, they don’t literally fall asleep.
But they do save and invest regularly. They ignore the daily machinations of the stock market. And they look at their portfolios only once a year.
So here’s the lesson Rip Van Winkle can teach you…
If you are interested in the financial markets, set aside a small part of your money to speculate with. But with most of your money, do what Rip Van Winkle does – invest regularly, ignore the news and do nothing.
Good investing,
building wealthgrow your wealthinvestment strategiesliberty through wealthnicholas vardysecret of wealthtrue wealthway to wealthwealth accumulationwealth advisorwealth builderwealth creationwealth planning
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Click Here for Transportation
Category: Loba Tour Attractions
March 22, 2012 / By admin / Loba Tour Attractions/ 0 Comments
SMITHSONIAN MUSEUMS
Any private tour of Washington DC should include at least one or two of the 19 museums and galleries, as well as the National Zoological Park, that comprise the Smithsonian Institution. Eleven are on or near the National Mall, the strip of land that runs between the Lincoln Memorial and the United States Capitol. Other museums are located elsewhere in Washington, D.C., with two more in New York City and one in Chantilly, Virginia.
When planning any DC guided tours, call Loba Tours for help in creating a monumental experience for your family or any other group coming to visit DC. Our private guided tours of Washington DC will create an exceptional tour for all ages and be entertaining and engaging from start to finish no matter what kind of event that has you interested in a tour in DC.
The U.S. National World War II Memorial is dedicated to Americans who served in the armed forces and as civilians during World War II. Consisting of 56 pillars and a pair of arches surrounding a plaza and fountain, it is located on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., on the former site of the Rainbow Pool at the eastern end of the Reflecting Pool, between the Lincoln Memorial and the Washington Monument.
All Washington DC bus tours should stop at the WWII Memorial to pay respects & give recognition to a generation that changed the world forever. This is also the best spot for tour buses in Washington DC, guests are dropped right on top of the memorial. Loba Tours has worked with tours in DC that gave performances inside the WWII Memorial. Many argue that might be the most incredible place to be on any of the night tours in Washington DC.
For a Washington DC guided tour, call Loba Tours, call 202-536-5737.
JEFFERSON MEMORIAL
The Thomas Jefferson Memorial is a presidential memorial in Washington, D.C. that is dedicated to an American Founding Father and the third President of the United States. The neoclassical building was designed by John Russell Pope and it was built by Philadelphia contractor, John McShain. Construction began in 1939, the building was completed in 1943, and the bronze statue of Jefferson was added in 1947.
This memorial is an incredible place for private tours of Washington DC and is a stop on the DC IN A DAY TOUR. The Thomas Jefferson Memorial deserves to be a rich part of any visit and is always recommended for any tour in DC. The Tidal Basin is excellent backdrop for taking photos and our licensed DC tour guides will gladly help guests get the best shots!
The highest tribunal in the nation, the Supreme Court is charged with the power of “judicial review”: deciding whether actions of Congress, the president, the states, and lower courts (in other words, of all branches of government and government officials), are in accordance with the Constitution, and applying the Constitution’s enduring principles to novel situations and a changing country. Arguably the most powerful people in the nation, the Court’s chief justice and eight associate justices hear only about 100 of the most vital of the 10,000 or so petitions filed with the Court each year. The Court’s rulings are final, reversible only by an Act of Congress.
The Supreme Court is a very unique visit on any private tour of Washington DC, unfortunately it is not accessible to any Washington DC bus tours because of security reasons. Even on private DC tours, the Supreme Court is generally a shorter visit on a DC itinerary, but is easily added because of its close proximity to the Library of Congress and the US Capitol. Not every tour in DC may decide to visit the Supreme Court, yet pulling up in front is always impressive and worth a little bit of time taking pictures or simply to show off the largest marble building in the world.
THE US CAPITOL
The Capitol Building centers a 450-acre Capitol Campus that includes House and Senate office buildings, the U.S. Botanic Garden, the Library of Congress, and the Supreme Court. Immediately surrounding the Capitol are 59 acres of beautifully kept grounds, landscaped originally in 1892 by Frederick Law Olmsted, who also planned New York City’s Central Park. Stroll these winding paths and admire the flower plantings and memorial trees. Before you get too close to the Capitol, stand back to take a look at the “Statue of Freedom,” the 19-foot-tall bronze female figure crowning the Capitol’s dome.
This magnificent building is excellent for tour buses in Washington DC, there are convenient loading / unloading areas with multiple options for short walks, photos, and extended tours. The US Capitol is American architecture and American Art, yet the building, its inhabitants, and its symbolism defined a country, it should be experienced at least briefly on any tour in DC. Loba Tours offers Washington DC walking tours, capital tours, and other Washington DC private tours. The US Capitol is a stop on the DC IN A DAY TOUR, DC AFTER DARK TOUR, and possibly the ANYTIME TOURS & PRIVATE DC TOURS.
For Washington DC guided tours, call Loba Tours, 202-536-5737.
This beautiful and moving tribute to the nation’s 16th president attracts millions of visitors annually. Like its fellow presidential memorials, the Lincoln was a long time in the making. Although it was planned as early as 1867 — 2 years after Lincoln’s death — Henry Bacon’s design was not completed until 1912, and the memorial was dedicated in 1922. Join Loba Tours for a tour in Washington DC to find out about one of Lincoln’s many legends!
A visit to the Lincoln Memorial is accommodated on almost any of the Washington DC bus tours. It’s a powerful place to be on a DC day tour or on a night tour of Washington DC, now that the reflection pool is open again, the Lincoln Memorial returns as one of the most commanding photo opportunities in the city. This memorial is included on the DC IN A DAY TOUR. DC AFTER DARK TOUR, ARLINGTON CEMETERY TOUR, and possibly on the ANYTIME TOURS and PRIVATE DC TOURS.
For a Washington DC guided tour, call Loba Tours, 202-536-5737
The White House is the official residence and principal workplace of the President of the United States. Located at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW in Washington, D.C., the house was designed by Irish-born James Hoban, and built between 1792 and 1800 of white-painted Aquia sandstone in the Neoclassical style. It has been the residence of every U.S. president since John Adams. When Thomas Jefferson moved into the house in 1801, he (with architect Benjamin Henry Latrobe) expanded the building outward, creating two colonnades that were meant to conceal stables and storage.
There are many guests on tour buses in Washington DC that are overheard saying that’s it when looking at the White House for the first time. How did the White House become the most powerful seat in a government that is freely elected by the people. All Washington DC bus tours will at least get a glimpse of the White House from one side or another, hopefully you’ll make the White House one of the stops on your DC itinerary by taking the DC IN A DAY TOUR, DC AFTER DARK TOUR, ARLINGTON CEMETERY TOURS, ANYTIME TOURS, and MOUNT VERNON TOURS.
For Washington DC guided tours, call Loba Tour, at 202-536-5737.
FDR MEMORIAL
The Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial is a presidential memorial dedicated to the memory of U.S. president, the First Lady, Fala and to the era of the Great Depression and World War II. For the memorial’s designer, landscape architect Lawrence Halprin, the memorial site represents the capstone of a distinguished career, partly because the landscape architect had fond memories of Roosevelt, and partly because of the sheer difficulty of the task.
The FDR Memorial is truly a hidden gem and is often overlooked by many visitors due to the design as a living memorial. The difficulties during multiple phases of construction prevented a more classical memorial like FDR’s neighbors. Many guests on these DC bus tours and our private DC tours are willing to experience the memorial over its 8 acres to share their memories of the era. People of all ages enjoy the FDR Memorial on tour in DC because it is so different from the other attractions around DC or are connected to the greatest generation of Americans.
For Washington DC guided tours, call Loba Tours, at 202-536-5737.
The Washington Monument is an obelisk near the west end of the National Mall in Washington, D.C., built to commemorate the first U.S. president, General George Washington. The monument, made of marble, granite, and bluestone gneiss, is both the world’s tallest stone structure and the world’s tallest obelisk, standing 555 feet 51?8 inches.
The Washington Monument is a symbol of George Washington and the city named after him. This area on the national mall is always featured on our Washington DC bus tours or any of the private tours of Washington DC for our guests. The Washington Monument is seen on every tour , including DC IN A DARK TOUR, DC AFTER DARK TOUR, ARLINGTON CEMETERY TOUR, MT VERNON TOURS, ANYTIME TOURS, and our PRIVATE DC TOURS.
Copyright © 2017 LobaTours. All rights reserved.
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Over 17,000 airmen...
during the Second World War served in the Polish Air Force in Great Britain
The Polish Air Force in Great Britain was disbanded in November 1946. Some PAF personnel returned to the homeland, others joined the Polish Resettlement Corps RAF (Polski Lotniczy Korpus
PAF in Great Britain after the war
Polish Resettlement Corps RAF (PRC RAF)
he Polish Air Force in Great Britain was disbanded in November 1946. Some PAF personnel returned to the homeland, others joined the Polish Resettlement Corps RAF (Polski Lotniczy Korpus Przysposobienia i Rozmieszczenia). The Command of the PAF was reorganized into the Inspectorate General PRC RAF. Airmen were transferred to eight PRC stations and began applying for a return to Poland or to join the Resettlement Corps. The Technical School and the High School at RAF station Millom were founded. Very many former airmen received scholarships for higher education provided by the Treasury Committee for the Education of Poles in Great Britain (Komitet Edukacji Polaków w Wielkiej Brytanii). During its two and a half years existence, the PRC RAF gave airmen a chance to adapt to civilian life by enabling them to acquire a profession or employment using their pre-war skills.
In 1949 the PRC RAF was officially disbanded but the PAF Liquidation Commission operated for another two years. Finally, from about 11,000 members of the Corps fewer than 3,000 returned to the homeland, 2,800 emigrated from the UK to other countries of residence, and 500 persons, mostly flying personnel, joined the RAF. Many airmen who returned to Poland fell victim to repression and persecution by the communist government. Show trials of airmen accused of “espionage” proliferated, ending with death sentences, six of which were carried out.
Polish Air Force Association 1945-1999
y mid-1945, it was already clear that the disbanding of the Polish Forces in Great Britain was only a matter of time. A group of far-sighted PAF officers took the initiative of creating the Polish Air Force Association, similar to the Royal Air Force Association. This organization was supposed to continue the fight for Polish independence under the changed conditions of peacetime, and its purpose was to interact with the British authorities to solve the difficult issue of transitioning Polish airmen to civilian life, help them to settle and support in the UK and around the world, as long as it was needed. By 24 June 1945, the Provisional Executive Committee was already appointed under the direction of płk. pil. Ludwik Szul (president), ppłk. obs. Czesław Korbut (vice-president), ppłk. pil. Roman Czerniawski (honorary secretary) and mjr pil. Zbigniew Siarkowski (honorary treasurer) for the development of a legal draft of the proposed organization and its constitution. The organization adopted the English name of the Polish Air Force Association (PAFA) and received privileges under the “Charity Act of 1940” as a charity, and full recognition by the Air Ministry.
The beginnings of PAFA were extremely difficult. Many Poles, embittered by the development of events, lost confidence in official institutions, but when the initial shock caused by British political decisions passed, it was widely acknowledged that the best way to deal with the new situation was to maintain the bonds of friendly relationship and mutual assistance. By the end of 1945, nearly half of the PAF personnel remaining in the UK – 6,000 people – became members of PAFA.
A main objective of PAFA was to preserve ideological continuity as described in the proclaimed “Ideological Declaration” which confirms membership in the independence camp and recognition of the President and Polish Government in Exile. PAFA had become an active, well-managed organization in terms of ideology and objectives of its action which allowed it to play a leading role in all Polish independence initiatives.
The first Secretary General of PAFA elected was płk pil. Roman Czerniawski, the next after him – dr Zdzisław Matraś (the last Secretary General, who held the position for 24 years was Tadeusz Jerzy Krzystek). Presidents of the Polish Air Force Association in the Great Britain, who according to the statute represented “Wings” (Skrzydła) in Western countries were: from 18.01.1946 płk. pil. Wacław Makowski; from 05.12.1948 gen. pil. Ludomił Rayski; from 25.02.1950 gen. pil. Stanisław Karpiński; from 24.04.1954 gen. pil. Ludomił Rayski; from 17.05.1958 – płk. pil. Jerzy Bajan; from 30.05.1964 płk. pil. Aleksander Gabszewicz; from 07.06.1968 płk. pil. Robert Beill; from 06.01.1969 again płk. pil. Aleksander Gabszewicz. The last President of PAFA, AVM Aleksander Maisner, was elected on 12.06.1982.
To search the List type in one or more of the following: airman’s name, service number, date or place of birth/death, unit number, rank, etc. read more…
The Krzystek’s List is also available for download as a PDF file: listakrzystka.pl.pdf
ver. January 2020, 20.9 MB
List of the Polish volunteers who served in Women’s Auxiliary Air Force. read more...
He was born on 10 April 1919 in Lutynia Dolna, Zaolzie, which at that time was called Niemiecka. His adventure with aviation was inspired by the achievements of Polish airmen, when Jerzy Bajan won the Challenge competition organized by the Aero Club of Poland in 1934. Two years later he completed his first gliding course in Goleszów near Cieszyn. read more...
Polish Air Force in the West
Women's Auxiliary Air Force (PLSK-WAAF)
Teenage Airmen
Losses of PAF personnel
Search tips | List of abbreviations
Dyrmont-Jussewicz Eugeniusz - 22.01.2020
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Top 20 Famous Sagittarius Personalities in the World
Samarth Kuhar
If you want to chill out, have fun and just have a great time then look no further and befriend a Sagittarian. Sagittarians are the life of any party and they will make sure that everyone has a great time. They are born travelers and great travel buddies so if you have earmarked any place to visit ,then visit them with your Sagittarian friend. Also, if you are looking for long lasting friendships then Sagittarians will definitely make it a roller coaster ride for you and all you gotta do is sat back and play your part.
Sagaittarians, have you ever wondered whether you share your astrological sign with someone famous? Well, then you are in for a treat as we present the top 20 famous Sagittarius personalities in the world:
1. Pope Francis (17 December 1936)
He is the current Pope of the Roman Catholic Church and the 266th Pope. He is the first Jesuit Pope, the first from Americas and the first Pope from outside Europe since 741 C.E. Born as Jorge Mario Bergoglio, he took his name in honor of Saint Francis of Assisi who was known as an advocate for the poor and the disadvantaged masses. Pope Francis is known for his moderate approach towards papacy and his simple lifestyle. He stays in a guesthouse instead in the papal apartments and he chose silver instead of gold for piscatory ring. He has tried to improve relation with other churches like the Eastern Orthodox Church and with clerics of other faiths in addition to taking part in international diplomacy.
2. Bruce Lee (27 November 1940)
Born as Lee Jun-fan in Chinatown, San Francisco Bruce lee was regarded as one of the most notable personality of the martial arts society. His movies featuring martial arts became very popular in the Western countries which led to him becoming a very popular star and making Chinese martial arts famous throughout the world. ‘Enter the Dragon’ is regarded as his most popular movie featuring his iconic yellow jumpsuit and his insane martial arts skills. Founder of Jeet Kune Do (His own martial arts style) he served as a source of inspiration for many young men and women and paved way for Chinese martial arts films to become famous.
Walt Disney (5 December 1901)
He is the one who kept entertaining us throughout our childhood with the Disney squad. Walt Disney brought a revolution in the Hollywood animation industry and set the pace for future animated works. He holds the record for most Academy awards won by a film producer individually (22 Oscars and 4 honorary) and is honored with other eminent awards as well. His passion for drawing led him to become the co-founder of one of the world’s biggest entertainment companies “The Walt Disney Company”.
Raj Kapoor (14 December 1924)
“Dil ka Dard aur aankhon ke aasun chupane ke liye … yeh bewakoof maskare ka bhes bade kaam ki cheez hai.” One of the most notable stars of Indian Cinema, Raj Kapoor deserves the accolades bestowed upon him. Heralded as Clark Gable of Indian film industry and also dubbed as Charlie Chaplin due to his clothing style in movies. He was awarded 3 National Film Awards and 11 Filmfare Awards in addition to being nominated twice for Palme d’Or grand prize at Cannes Film Festival. He was honored with Padma Shri in 1971 and India highest award in cinema Dadasaheb Phalke Award in 1987 for his contribution to Indian Cinema.
Mark Twain (30 November 1835)
Samuel Langhorne Clemens better known by his pen name Mark Twain was an American writer and lecturer. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and The Adventures of Tom Sawyer are his most popular works and they have also been included in curriculum of many schools. He had a way with words and was described as witty and a humorist. After making some terrible investments, he lost a great deal of his wealth and had to file for bankruptcy so as to gain protection from the investors.
Woody Allen (1 December 1935)
Born as Allan Stewart Konigsberg in Brooklyn, he is a famous American actor, director, comedian, author and musician. Starting as a comedy writer in the 1950s, he moved on to stand-up comedy after that for which he was appreciated. His foray into films came in 1965 and in 1977 came his big break with the movie Annie Hall for which he was awarded an Oscar (Best Director). He also likes to be a part of the movies he directs by doing a cameo in them. His movies have been very well received by the audience and he has been applauded for his works like ‘Hannah and Her Sisters’, ‘Match Point’ and ‘Manhattan’.
Andrew Carnegie (25 November 1835)
He was the credited with the expansion of American steel industry in the late 19th century and is often regarded one of the richest American ever. Born in Scotland he later emigrated to U.S.A and later on came to be identified as a philanthropist with a big heart. He donated to charities, universities and foundations about $350 million dollars which amounts to almost the whole of his fortune. He built the Carnegie Hall and Peace Palace and founded several institutions from the wealth he earned.
Michel de Nostredame (14 December 1503)
Known popularly as Nostradamus was a reputed physician and astrologer who had published a variety of prophecies. His most famous book Les Propheties released in 1555 has been rarely out of print ever since his death, he has been credited by many for predicting major world events. In 1545 he helped a prominent physician Louis Serre in his fight against a major plague outbreak in Marseille and then on his own handled several plague outbreaks in other areas.
Francis Albert Sinatra (12 December 1915)
Born to Italian immigrants in Hoboken, New Jersey, Sinatra began his musical career with band mates and he eventually found success when he signed up with Columbia Records in 1943. From then on he rose to become the one of the most popular and influential musical artist of his time. He is still counted as one of the best-selling artist with more than 150 million records sold worldwide and he is also bestowed upon with an Academy Award for the film ‘From here to Eternity’. He engrossed himself in politics also and campaigned for presidents such as Harry S. Truman, John F. Kennedy and Ronald Reagan.
Taylor Alison Swift (13 December 1989)
With chart busting songs like “Bad Blood”, “You Belong with Me” and “I Knew You Were Trouble” Taylor Swift has established herself as one of the best modern singers. Her songs are mainly a reflection of her personal life which has led to them becoming more popular. She started her music career at the tender age of 14 and subsequently become the youngest artist ever signed by Sony/ATV Music publishing. Her debut album reached #5 spot on Billboard 200 and stayed there for many weeks. She has received 10 Grammy Awards, 19 American Music Awards, 23 Billboard Music Awards, 11 Country Music Association Awards, 8 Academy of Country Music Awards, one Brit Award and one Emmy. As a songwriter, she has been honored by the Nashville Songwriters Association and the Songwriters Hall of Fame.
Emmanuel Dapidran Pacquiao (17 December 1978)
Manny Pacquiao is a famous professional boxer and politician from the Philippines, currently serving as a Senator. He is considered to be one of the greatest boxers of all time and was hailed as the “Fighter of the Decade” by Boxing Writers Association of America, WBC and WBO. He is the first and only boxer to be the eight division world champion, is winner of 11 major world titles as well as being the first ever boxer to win lineal championship if five different weight classes. Manny has given rise to $19.2 million in pay-per-view buys and $1.2 billion in revenues from 23 PPV bouts making him the second highest paid athlete in 2015. Aside from boxing he is also an elected member of the 16th Congress of the Philippines from the province of Sarangani. He became a senator after being elected in 2016 and will serve till 2022.
Sonia Gandhi (9 December 1946)
Born as Edvige Antonia Albina Màino, Sonia Gandhi is an Italy born who is current an Indian politician and is serving as the President of Indian National Congress since 1998. She has been the Chairperson of the ruling United Progressive Alliance in the Lok Sabha since 2004 and after being re-elected as the President of the Indian National Congress, she became its longest serving head. Since she is not born in India, there has been some debate and controversy over her political career and her control of former Prime Minister Manmohan Singh. In 2013, Sonia Gandhi was overall ranked 21st and 3rd most powerful woman in Forbes powerful list.
Magnus Carlsen (30 November 1990)
A chess grandmaster and the current World Chess Champion, Magnus Carlsen is what people call a prodigy and he has certainly proven it. At the young age of 13 years and 148, he became a chess grandmaster making him the second youngest in history during his time and he hasn’t looked back since. He became World Champion in 2013 after beating Viswanathan Anand in World Chess Championship and he defended his title successfully in the next by again beating Viswanathan Anand in addition to winning World Rapid Championship and World Blitz Championship. He had the highest FIDE rating in history at 2882 in 2014. His playing style, his understanding of the game and his tactics has made him a worthy foe that can be compared with the likes of Bobby Fischer, Vasily Smyslov and Anatoly Karpov.
Miley Cyrus (23 November 1992)
Miley Cyrus rose to stardom for her portrayal of character Miley Stewart in Disney Channel T.V. series Hannah Montana which was keenly watched by teenage girls worldwide and some boys also. She released her first album in 2007 which reached 3 million shipments and was certified triple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America. She again leapt into fame when released her album “The Time of Our Lives” in 2009 and “Can’t be Tamed” in 2010 wherein she portrayed her grown up image. She garnered controversy and criticism with release of her album Bangerz in 2013 in which she exhibits sexually explicit behavior and her boyfriend Liam Hemsworth broke up with her.
Steven Spielberg (18 December 1946)
Steven Spielberg is an American director, producer and screenwriter with a career spanning more than four decades. He is one of the co-founders of DreamWorks Studios as well as being one of the most popular and successful director of Hollywood. His movies have covered a lot of different genres and earned him the reputation of being a diverse director with foray into sci-fi to war films. He has been the receiver of three Academy Awards and has a star dedicated to him on the Hollywood’s walk of fame. He has also received awards from Queen Elizabeth II and from President Barack Obama. His movies “Schindler’s List” and “Saving Private Ryan” moved the audience to tears and are listed on IMDB as must watch with high ratings.
Jane Austen (16 December 1775)
Jane Austen was an English novelist who wrote a total of six complete books during her lifespan and all were critically acclaimed and received a lot of appreciation. Through her novels she expressed her opinions and her comments about the British land owned who solely survived on rental income. Her novels also talked about the women who used marriage as pavestone towards a stable lifestyle and better social standing among the society. Some of her novels have been converted into films and TV series. The Bank of England has announced that it plans to use Jane Austen as the face the new 10 pound note. Her writing has kept a lot of people mesmerized and many scholars and critics value her work greatly.
Brad Pitt (18 December 1963)
Brad Pitt is an American actor and producer with a hugely successful acting and producing career. He has been labeled as world’s most attractive man by various media houses and he is a very influential person in the film making industry. He has received a total of 61 awards which include one Academy Award, one BAFTA and two Golden Globe awards. He achieved success with his movie “Interview with the Vampire” which was turning point in his career propelling him into global stardom and “Fight Club” which became a cult classic loved by many fighting aficionados. He is currently separated from his current wife Angelina Jolie who filed for divorce in September 2016.
Rajnikanth (12 December 1950)
Described as God of Tamil Cinema and with deep presence in the whole of India, Rajnikanth is one of the most famous and most revered actors of India. Started humbly as a lowly bus conductor, he rose to fame when he was cast in K. Balachander’s Tamil drama Apoorva Raagangal. He became the second highest paid actor in whole of Asia after he received around Rs. 25 Crore for his role in Sivaji. He has been honored with Padma Bhushan in 2000 and Padma Vibushan in 2016 for his contribution towards arts. He is also a big influence in Tamil Nadu politics and can certainly change the tide of politics on Tamil Nadu if ever decides to step into politics which looks highly unlikely. “Mind It!”
Ozzy Osbourne (3 December 1948)
He is an English singer and songwriter and is the lead singer of the heavy metal band Black Sabbath. He rose to fame after becoming a part of Black Sabbath but he was soon kicked out of the band and continued his career as a solo artist. As a solo artist he released 11 studio albums, out of which the first seven reached multi-platinum level in the US. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of fame when he was a part of Black Sabbath. He has earned a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame along with one Grammy Award and several other accolades as well. His personal life started going downhill after he struggled with alcohol and drug abuse.
Arundhati Roy (24 November 1961)
Winner of the Man Booker Prize for fiction for her novel “The God of Small Things”, Arundhati Roy is an Indian author who writes about a variety of issues. Her novel became the biggest best-selling novel by an Indian who is actually residing in India. She is quite a vocal person on several political, environmental and social problems and is actively involved in campaigning for causes which she thinks are worth fighting for. She stirred some controversy when she demanded that Kashmir should be free from India and came under fire from both the BJP and Congress. She has won several awards for her screenplay and for her work in addressing several social issues prevalent in the country.
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CBD and Sports: Why Cannabidiol is Becoming a Popular Alternative for Recovery
There are about three things we are absolutely certain of in the world of sports:
1. There are winners; 2. There are losers; and 3. Injuries are common, and more so, expected.
Whether the contract is real or imagined, everyone who’s physically active needs to enter into an agreement: you could, and likely will – depending on the vigor – get hurt.
Even minor injuries can turn life-altering in the recovery process. When the inevitable happens, what are your options?
CBD and Professional Athletes
Professional athletes are all-too-familiar with the narrative surrounding recovery, and the often tragic outcomes that are born from prescribing painkillers. Sports-related injuries can breed a vicious cycle of dependency that in turn, has resulted in more and more people turning to medical marijuana to ebb their pain.
Take Al Herrington for example; Herrington is a retired NBA player who’s since become an entrepreneur in the cannabis industry in part to his dissatisfaction in the way that a previous injury was handled. In a 2017 Uninterrupted documentary, ‘The concept of cannabis,’ he talks about having a botched knee surgery that resulted in a staph infection during one of his years playing for the Denver Nuggets.
Herrington was on “all kinds” of medication, he says, until one day he was asked if he’d tried CBD. When he finally gave it a go, he was surprised to find out that he “immediately felt a difference.”
Herrington’s not the only one either. Through the years, dozens of current and former professional athletes across multiple leagues have publicly come out in support of full access to CBD. Such professional athletes include Ricky Williams, Nick Diaz, Ronda Rousey and Jim McMahon. Even former NBA commissioner David Stern, who had previously tightened the leagues’ stance on marijuana over his 30-year career, has since stated that medical marijuana “probably should be removed from the banned substance list.”
The Benefits to CBD As an Alternative to Painkillers
Whether you’re a professional athlete or play sports for leisure, you’ve probably heard coaches end onboarding conversations with “play at your own risk,” because without risk, there’s no reward. When it comes to running around and pushing yourself beyond your boundaries, your physical wellbeing might be tampered with a bit; it’s essential to know your options.
In the world at large, cannabidiol is becoming an increasingly popular natural remedy for body ailments, and for a good reason. Studies have shown that that CBD may help reduce chronic pain, treat insomnia and alleviate post-traumatic stress disorder.
Last year over 49,000 people in the United States alone overdosed on opioids. The temporary feeling of relief that they provide can, and often does lead to dependency. People who manage to wean themselves off may then experience withdrawal symptoms such as nausea, muscle pain, diarrhea and anxiety.
The unfortunate truth is that many of those who find themselves in a dependency loop were introduced to opioids due to a physical injury. That said, the push towards alternative resolutions from athletes and otherwise has thankfully caused the conversation to shift in favour of CBD as a treatment.
Did you get your daily fix of vitamins?
Check out LIVLI’s multivitamins, specifically designed with cannabis users in mind.
Shop Livli
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/ Artists
/ Real Life
Real Life are a Melbourne-based Australian new wave/synth-pop band that achieved international chart success with their 1983 singles “Send Me an Angel” and “Catch Me I’m Falling,” both which appeared on the band’s debut album. The band consisted of David Sterry, Richard Zatorski, Alan Johnson, and Danny Simcic. Steve Williams replaced Zatorski in 1986, who was then replaced by George Pappas in 1996.
Real Life signed to Whetley Records in early 1983 for their debut album Heartland, and released their debut single, “Send Me an Angel,” in May 1983. “Send Me an Angel” became a top 10 hit in Australia, topped the chart in New Zealand and Germany, and hit the top 30 in the US. Follow-up singles included “Openhearted” in August 1983 which peaked at number 72, and “Catch Me I’m Falling” in November 1983, which hit the top 10 in Australia and Germany, and top 40 in the US.
More Artists...
Farrington + Mann Original Members of When In Rome UK
Anything Box
The Escape Club
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LAUSD.
Learning And Understanding Something Daily
Simple and Effective Ways to Release Stress
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5 Ways to Take Better Care of Yourself
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1968 Uncodified Acts
- Hide Subjects
1968 Virginia Uncodified Acts
Administration of Government Generally
Chapter 84 (H 846)
An Act to fix the salary of the Auditor of Public Accounts
Chapter 198 (H 628)
An Act to provide for the survey and establishment of the Upper Pocomoke Sound portion of the Virginia-Maryland boundary line
An Act to create the Virginia Commission for Children and Youth; to provide for the selection and terms of office of its members; and to prescribe its functions and duties
An Act to require that meetings and official records of agencies, boards, commissions, etc., of the State and local governments, and certain public organizations, be open to the public; to provide for exceptions; to prescribe remedies; and to repeal acts in conflict
Agriculture, Horticulture and Food
An Act to regulate the cost and handling of flue-cured tobacco
An Act to appropriate funds for the acquisition of land, the erection of a building thereon and for required improvements
An Act to appropriate funds out of the Special Unemployment Compensation Administration Fund for the purchase of land, erection of a building thereon and for required improvements
An Act to permit the governing bodies of certain counties to reimburse or pay for damage to property owners as a result of sewer backup
Chapter 353 (H 1193)
An Act to appropriate funds for the salaries of certain judges
An Act to provide when certain powers of attorney shall be presumed to be valid
An Act to establish the Commission of Arts and Humanities
Chapter 727 (S 471)
An Act to permit certain banks to utilize armored trucks to pick up the deposits of its customers
An Act authorizing the issuance of State of Virginia Mental Hospitals and Institutions Bonds for paying the cost of acquiring or constructing capital improvements at mental hospitals and institutions in the State
An Act authorizing the issuance of State of Virginia Higher Educational Institutions Bonds for paying the cost of acquiring or constructing capital improvements at institutions of higher education in the State
An Act relating respectively, to definitions; issuance of revenue bonds; trust agreements to secure such bonds; contributions by a certain municipality; competing parking facilities; construction of the Chapter
An Act supplementing the State of Virginia Mental Hospitals and Institutions Bond Act of 1968
An Act supplementing the State of Virginia Higher Educational Institutions Bond Act of 1968
An Act to appropriate certain sums of money in aid of Confederate Memorial Associations and organizations of the United Daughters of the Confederacy in Virginia, to be used in caring for Confederate cemeteries and graves of Confederate soldiers and sailors
Commissions, Boards and Institutions
An Act to create a Commission to study the safety of combinations of three vehicles not exceeding 65 feet in length, and the economic effects on the industry, agriculture, communities and ports of the Commonwealth to be derived from the use thereof
An Act relating to the name of the Virginia Independence Bicentennial Preliminary Commission; to increase the membership of such Commission; and to eliminate the expiration date of the terms of the members
An Act to establish a Commission on Mental Indigent and Geriatric Patients for the purpose of a study and report; and to appropriate funds
An Act relating to the Portsmouth Port and Industrial Commission
An Act to create a Rural Affairs Study Commission, provide for its membership, delineate its powers and duties, and appropriate funds
Counties, Cities and Towns
An Act to authorize the governing bodies of counties, cities and towns to establish auxiliary police forces, to prescribe the service and jurisdiction of such policemen
An Act to provide when merged counties and cities, or combination of merged counties and cities, may have the services of the State Police
An Act to establish a Metropolitan Uniform Laws Commission for the cities of Chesapeake, Portsmouth, Norfolk and Virginia Beach; to provide its powers and duties; localities to appropriate funds
An Act to create the Twin County Airport Commission; to provide for its compensation; and to confer certain powers on and require the performance of certain duties by such commission
An Act to permit certain cities to pay the salaries of their constitutional officers biweekly
An act relating to the incidental powers of the Elizabeth River Tunnel Commission
Chapter 449 (HB 306)
An Act providing for the compensation of the members of the Northern Virginia Transportation Commission
An Act to create a Commission to study the advisability and feasibility of utilizing certain medical facilities in Virginia for clinical instruction of medical students and for training of students in allied health fields
An Act to provide that the Commonwealth of Virginia shall be a party to a certain interstate compact known as the Compact for Education; how the State's member commisssioners shall be selected and define their powers and duties
An Act to permit the deputy sheriff in certain counties to also serve as dog warden of such county and as town sergeant of the county seat of such county
An Act relating to the powers of boards of supervisors or other local governing bodies with respect to any and all sanitary districts of whatsoever kind
An Act to authorize the boards of supervisors of certain counties to acquire land outside the boundaries of such counties for certain purposes
An Act relating to the powers of the Peninsula Airport Commission
Chapter 44 (H 36)
An Act to prohibit the examination of certain persons in certain proceedings except by certain physicians
An Act to authorize the judges of courts of record for the city of Portsmouth to act for one another in certain circumstances
An Act to provide how the judges of the Juvenile and Domestic Relations Court of certain cities shall be elected
Crimes and Offenses Generally
An Act to prohibit the taking of fish for commercial purposes from Ward's Creek; exceptions; penalties for violations
An Act to prohibit the disclosure by certain persons of certain information concerning customers of telephone companies
An Act to prohibit the use of plastic cleaning bags; providing a penalty
An Act to provide when warrants may issue for certain violations; conditions precedent or to be fulfilled before issuance of such warrants
An Act relating to the carrying of loaded firearms on highways in certain counties
An Act to abolish causes of action for alienation of affection, breach of promise, criminal conversation and to provide that knowingly causing or contributing to the disruption of a marital relationship shall constitute a misdemeanor; punishment therefor and jurisdiction thereof
An Act to permit the school boards in counties, cities and towns to expend funds for the education of certain children in certain schools; how such expenditures shall be limited; rules and regulations governing expenditures authorized
An Act to provide when certain children whose age is not ascertainable shall be admitted in the public schools of this state
An Act relating to representation on certain county school boards
Environment and Conservation
An Act to invest the Attorney General with the power of eminent domain with respect to certain monuments or memorials in certain instances; and to declare the policy of the Commonwealth with respect to its traditional memorials
Game, Inland Fisheries and Domestic Animals
An Act to authorize and direct the Commissioner of Fisheries to maintain certain fish hatcheries, and to appropriate funds
An Act authorizing certain counties to require special stamps for hunting bear and deer, which section relates to same and to disposition of funds therefrom
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Chapter 491 (S 72)
An Act to provide that the Department of Health in certain counties may be a division of the State Board of Health
An Act to provide for the creation of optometric service corporations; to establish plans for prepaid optometric service; to provide how such corporation shall be regulated, supervised and taxed; and to provide a penalty
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An Act to authorize certain cities to require repair of certain housing facilities
An Act relating to a system of pensions and retirements of police departments of certain counties, the amended sections relating to disability retirement, salary deductions and investment of funds
An Act relating to the furnishing of copies of certain reports to the Department of State Police and others
An Act to require that certain State agencies report concerning the blind to the Division of Motor Vehicles
An Act to adopt the Driver License Compact
An Act to provide for the licensing and regulation of polygraph examiners and fixing the fees thereof
Property and Conveyances
Chapter 18 (S 15)
An Act to authorize and empower the Commission of Fisheries to grant to Virginia Electric and Power Company a certain easement of right of way across the James River between Isle of Wight County and the city of Newport News
An Act to authorize the Superintendent of State Police, with the approval of the Governor, to convey certain real estate and to provide for the disposition of the proceeds therefrom
An Act to authorize the Virginia State Hospital Board with the approval of the Governor to negotiate with the First Federal Savings and Loan Association of Bristol in regard to the conveyance of certain real estate now owned by the State Hospital Board and to authorize the State Hospital Board to convey the same real estate
An Act to authorize the Department of Welfare and Institutions, subject to the approval of the Governor, to convey certain real estate in the counties of Smyth and Scott, and to provide for the application of the proceeds
Chapter 91 (S 253)
An Act to authorize the Superintendent of State Police, subject to the approval of the Governor, to convey, under certain conditions, certain real estate owned by the Department of State Police
An Act to authorize the Commission of Game and Inland Fisheries to exchange certain land with the approval of the Governor in the counties of Greene and Madison for land owned by the United States for certain purposes
An Act to authorize the Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia to convey real estate to the George Mason College Foundation, Incorporated
An Act to authorize the Governor to lease certain land to the city of Virginia Beach
An Act to authorize the Governor to convey certain land to the city of Virginia Beach
An Act authorizing the Commission of Gamen and Inland Fisheries to exchange for other land certain of its lands in Highland County
An Act to authorize the Board of Agriculture and Commerce to sell and convey certain real estate owned by the Department of Agriculture and Commerce, and to provide for the application of the proceeds of such sale
An Act to authorize certain counties, cities, and towns to pay funds to the Commonwealth, or any political subdivision or agency thereof, and to authorize the Commonwealth or any political subdivision or agency thereof to receive funds for certain purposes
An Act authorizing the governing body of any city having a population within certain stated limitations to elect one or more assessors to assess and equalize real estate assessments in the city, and prescribe powers and duties of the assessor
An Act to authorize the Department of Conservation and Economic Development to acquire part of the area in this State commonly known as the Dismal Swamp for certain purposes
An Act which authorized the city of Norfolk to acquire and convey certain property for certain purposes and to authorize the city of Richmond to acquire and convey certain property for certain purposes
An Act to provide for the assessment and equalization of assessments of real estate in certain counties; to authorize the transfer to the assessor appointed pursuant to this act of certain duties of the commissioner of the revenue in respect to the assessment of real estate in such counties; to provide for the appointment of boards of equalization in such counties and to prescribe their powers and duties; and to repeal certain acts
An Act to authorize the Board of Visitors of Virginia State College to convey land to the county of Chesterfield, Virginia
Chapter 2 (S 188)
An Act to authorize councils of certain cities to adopt city sales tax ordinances as emergency measures
An Act to levy a tax on certain packages of alcoholic beverages bought for resale by the drink, to provide for disposition of such tax and to provide penalties for violations
Transportation, Highways, Roads and Bridges
An Act relating to the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Regulation Compact
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Welfare and Social Services
An Act to authorize the Director of the Department of Welfare and Institutions to develop a system of halfway houses for adults in the penal system
An Act to provide assistance to needy persons engaged in certain work or training programs
An Act to continue the study of the Department of Welfare and Institutions and programs administered by such Department
The Virginia General Assembly is offering access to the Code of Virginia on the Internet as a service to the public. We are unable to assist users of this service with legal questions nor respond to requests for legal advice or the application of the law to specific facts. Therefore, to understand and protect your legal rights, you should consult an attorney.
The Code of Virginia online database excludes material copyrighted by the publisher, Michie, a division of Matthew Bender. Copyrighted material includes annotations and revisors' notes, which may be found in the print version of the Code of Virginia. Annotated print copies of the Code of Virginia are available in most Virginia public library systems, from LexisNexis (1-800-446-3410), and from West, a Thomson-Reuters business (1-800-344-5008).
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US spy agency snooped on French citizens
The US National Security Agency secretly recorded millions of phone calls made in France, daily Le Monde reported on Monday, citing documents from former intelligence contractor Edward Snowden.
(AFP) The US National Security Agency secretly recorded millions of phone calls made in France, daily Le Monde reported on Monday, citing documents from former intelligence contractor Edward Snowden.
The spy agency taped 70.3 million phone calls in France over a 30-day period between December 10 and January 8, 2013, Le Monde reported in its online version.
According to the paper, the NSA automatically picked up communications from certain phone numbers in France and recorded text messages under a programme code-named "US-985D."
Le Monde said the documents gave grounds to think the NSA targeted not only people suspected of being involved in terrorism but also high-profile individuals from the world of business or politics.
US authorities declined comment to the French daily on the "classified" documents.
The Le Monde article followed similar revelations by German weekly Der Spiegel that US agents had hacked into the email account of former Mexican president Felipe Calderon.
Mexican authorities have said they will be seeking answers from US officials "as soon as possible" following the allegations.
Snowden, who has taken refuge in Russia, is wanted in the United States for espionage and other charges after leaking details of the NSA's worldwide snooping activities.
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197 U.S. 207 - Samuel Clyatt v. United States
197 US 207 Samuel Clyatt v. United States
SAMUEL M. CLYATT
Argued December 13, 14, 1904.
Decided March 13, 1905.
Sections 1990 and 5526, Rev. Stat. (U. S. Comp. Stat. 1901, pp. 1266, 3715), read:
'Sec. 1990. The holding of any person to service or labor under the system known as peonage is abolished and forever prohibited in the territory of New Mexico, or in any other territory or state of the United States; and all acts, laws, resolutions, orders, regulations, or usages of the territory of New Mexico, or of any other territory or state, which have heretofore established, maintained, or enforced, or by virtue of which any attempt shall hereafter be made to establish, maintain, or enforce, directly or indirectly, the voluntary or involuntary service or labor of any persons as peons, in liquidation of any debt or obligation, or otherwise, are declared null and void.'
'Sec. 5526. Every person who holds, arrests, returns, or causes to be held, arrested, or returned, or in any manner aids in the arrest or return of any person to a condition of peonage, shall be punished by a fine of not less than one thousand nor more than five thousand dollars, or by imprisonment not less than one year nor more than five years, or by both.'
On November 21, 1901, the grand jury returned into the circuit court of the United States for the northern district of Florida an indictment in two counts, the first of which is as follows:
'The grand jurors of the United States of America impaneled and sworn within and for the district aforesaid, on their oaths present, that one Samuel M. Clyatt, heretofore, to wit: on the eleventh day of February, in the year of our Lord one thousand nine hundred and one, in the county of Levy, state of Florida, within the district aforesaid, and within the jurisdiction of this court, did then and there unlawfully and knowingly return one Will Gordon and one Mose Ridley to a condition of peonage, by forcibly and against the will of them, the said Will Gordon and the said Mose Ridley, returning them, the said Will Gordon and Mose Ridley, to work to and for Samuel M. Clyatt, D. T. Clyatt, and H. H. Tift, copartners doing business under the firm name and style of Clyatt & Tift, to be held by them, the said Clyatt & Tift, to work out a debt claimed to be due to them, the said Clyatt & Tift, by the said Will Gordon and Mose Ridley; contrary to the form of the statute in such case made and provided, and against the peace and dignity of the United States.'
The second count differs only in charging that defendant caused and aided in returning Gordon and Ridley. A trial resulted in a verdict of guilty, and thereupon the defendant was sentenced to confinement at hard labor for four years. The case was taken on appropriate writ to the court of appeals for the fifth circuit, which certified to this court three questions. Subsequently the entire record was brought here on a writ of certiorari, and the case was heard on its merits.
Messrs. William G. Brantley, A. O. Bacon, and W. M. Hammond for Clyatt.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 209-213 intentionally omitted]
Attorney General Moody and assistant Attorney General Purdy for the United States.
Mr. Justice Brewer delivered the opinion of the court:
The constitutionality and scope of §§ 1990 and 5526 present the first questions for our consideration. They prohibit peonage. What is peonage? It may be defined as a status or condition of compulsory service, based upon the indebtedness of the peon to the master. The basal fact is indebtedness. As said by Judge Benedict, delivering the opinion in Jaremillo v. Romero, 1 N. M. 190, 194: 'One fact existed universally: all were indebted to their masters. This was the cord by which they seemed bound to their master's service.' Upon this is based a condition of compulsory service. Peonage is sometimes classified as voluntary or involuntary; but this implies simply a difference in the mode of origin, but none in the character of the servitude. The one exists where the debtor voluntarily contracts to enter the service of his creditor. The other is forced upon the debtor by some provision of law. But peonage, however created, is compulsory service,—involuntary servitude. The peon can release himself therefrom, it is true, by the payment of the debt, but otherwise the service is enforced. A clear distinction exists between peonage and the voluntary performance of labor or rendering of services in payment of a debt. In the latter case the debtor, though contracting to pay his indebtedness by labor or service, and subject, like any other contractor, to an action for damages for breach of that contract, can elect at any time to break it, and no law or force compels performance or a continuance of the service. We need not stop to consider any possible limits or exceptional cases, such as the service of a sailor (Robertson v. Baldwin, 165 U. S. 275, 41 L. ed. 715, 17 Sup. Ct. Rep. 326), or the obligations of a child to its parents, or of an apprentice to his master, or the power of the legislature to make unlawful, and punish criminally, an abandonment by an employee of his post of labor in any extreme cases. That which is contemplated by the statute is compulsory service to secure the payment of a debt. Is this legislation within the power of Congress? It may be conceded, as a general proposition, that the ordinary relations of individual to individual are subject to the control of the states, and are not intrusted to the general government; but the 13th Amendment, adopted as an outcome of the Civil War, reads:
'Sec. 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.
'Sec. 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.'
This amendment denounces a status or condition, irrespective of the manner or authority by which it is created. The prohibitions of the 14th and 15th Amendments are largely upon the acts of the states; but the 13th Amendment names no party or authority, but simply forbids slavery and involuntary servitude, grants to Congress power to enforce this prohibition by appropriate legislation. The differences between the 13th and subsequent amendments have been so fully considered by this court that it is enough to refer to the decisions. In the Civil Rights Cases, 109 U. S. 3, 20, 23, 27 L. ed. 835, 842, 843, 3 Sup. Ct. Rep. 18, 28, 30, Mr. Justice Bradley, delivering the opinion of the court, uses this language:
'This amendment, as well as the 14th, is undoubtedly self-executing without any ancillary legislation, so far as its terms are applicable to any existing state of circumstances. By its own unaided force and effect it abolished slavery, and established universal freedom. Still, legislation may be necessary and proper to meet all the various cases and circumstances to be affected by it, and to prescribe proper modes of redress for its violation in letter or spirit. And such legislation may be primary and direct in its character; for the amendment is not a mere prohibition of state laws establishing or upholding slavery, but an absolute declaration that slavery or involuntary servitude shall not exist in any part of the United States. . . .
'We must not forget that the province and scope of the 13th and 14th Amendments are different; the former simply abolished slavery: the latter prohibited the states from abridging the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; from depriving them of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, and from denying to any the equal protection of the laws. The amendments are different, and the powers of Congress under them are different. What Congress has power to do under one, it may not have power to do under the other. Under the 13th Amendment, it has only to do with slavery and its incidents. Under the 14th Amendment, it has power to counteract and render nugatory all state laws and proceedings which have the effect to abridge any of the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States, or to deprive them of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, or to deny to any of them the equal protection of the laws. Under the 13th Amendment, the legislation, so far as necessary or proper to eradicate all forms and incidents of slavery and involuntary servitude, may be direct and primary, operating upon the acts of individuals, whether sanctioned by state legislation or not; under the 14th, as we have already shown, it must necessarily be, and can only be, corrective in its character, addressed to counteract and afford relief against state regulations or proceedings.' In Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 U. S. 537, 542, 41 L. ed. 256, 257, 16 Sup. Ct. Rep. 1138, 1140, Mr. Justice Brown, delivering the opinion of the court, said;
'That it does not conflict with the 13th Amendment, which abolished slavery and involuntary servitude except as a punishment for crime, is too clear for argument. Slavery implies involuntary servitude,—a state of bondage; the ownership of mankind as a chattel, or at least the control of the labor and services of one man for the benefit of another, and the absence of a legal right to the disposal of his own person, property, and services. This amendment was said in the Slaughter House Cases, 16 Wall. 36, 21 L. ed. 394, to have been intended primarily to abolish slavery, as it had been previously known in this country, and that it equally forbade Mexican peonage or the Chinese coolie trade, when they amounted to slavery or involuntary servitude, and that the use of the word 'servitude' was intended to prohibit the use of all forms of involuntary slavery, of whatever class or name.'
Other authorities to the same effect might be cited. It is not open to doubt that Congress may enforce the 13th Amendment by direct legislation, punishing the holding of a person in slavery or in involuntary servitude except as a punishment for crime. In the exercise of that power Congress has enacted these sections denouncing peonage, and punishing one who holds another in that condition of involuntary servitude. This legislation is not limited to the territories or other parts of the strictly national domain, but is operative in the states and wherever the soverignty of the United States extends. We entertain no doubt of the validity of this legislation, or its applicability to the case of any person holding and wherever the sovereignty of the United whether there be a municipal ordinance or state law sanctioning such holding. It operates directly on every citizen of the Republic, wherever his residence may be.
Section 5526 punishes 'every person who holds, arrests, returns, or causes to be held, arrested, or returned.' Three distinct acts are here mentioned,—holding, arresting, returning. The disjunctive 'or' indicates the separation between them, and shows that either one may be the subject of indictment and punishment. A party may hold another in a state of peonage without ever having arrested him for that purpose. He may come by inheritance into the possession of an estate in which the peon is held, and he simply continues the condition which was existing before he came into possession. He may also arrest an individual for the purpose of placing him in a condition of peonage, and this whether he be the one to whom the involuntary service is to be rendered or simply employed for the purpose of making the arrest. Or he may, after one has fled from a state of peonage, return him to it, and this whether he himself claims the service or is acting simply as an agent of another to enforce the return.
The indictment charges that the defendant did 'unlawfully and knowingly return one Will Gordon and one Mose Ridley to a condition of peonage, by forcibly, and against the will of them, the said Will Gordon and the said Mose Ridley, returning them, the said Will Gordon and the said Mose Ridley, to work to and for Samuel M. Clyatt.'
Now a 'return' implies the prior existence of some state or condition. Webster defines it 'to turn back; to go or come again to the same place or condition.' In the Standard dictionary it is defined 'to cause to take again a former position; put, carry, or send back, as to a former place or holder.' A technical meaning in the law is thus given in Black's Law Dictionary: 'The act of a sheriff, constable, or other ministerial officer, in delivering back to the court a writ, notice, or other paper.'
It was essential, therefore, under the charge in this case, to show that Gordon and Ridley had been in a condition of peonage, to which, by the act of the defendant, they were returned. We are not at liberty to transform this indictment into one charging that the defendant held them in a condition or state of peonage, or that he arrested them with a view of placing them in such condition or state. The pleader has seen fit to charge a return to a condition of peonage. The defendant had a right to rely upon that as the charge, and to either offer testimony to show that Gordon and Ridley had never been in a condition of peonage, or to rest upon the government's omission of proof of that fact.
We must, therefore, examine the testimony; and the first question that arises is whether the record sufficiently shows that it contains all the testimony. The bill of exceptions, after reciting the impaneling of the jury, proceeds in these words:
'And thereupon the plaintiff, to maintain the issues upon its part, produced and offered as a witness, James R. Dean, who, being first duly sworn, did testify as follows.'
That recital is followed by what purports to be the testimony of the witness. Then follows in succession the testimony of several witnesses, each being preceded by a statement in a form similar to this: 'The plaintiff then introduced and offered as a witness, H. S. Sutton, who, being first duly sworn, did testify as follows.' At the close of the testimony of the last witness named is this statement:
'Whereupon the plaintiff rests its case.
'Defendant rests—introduces no testimony.
'And the said judge, after charging the jury on the law in the case, submitted the said issues and the evidence so given on the trial, to the jury, and the jury aforesaid then and there gave their verdict for the plaintiff.'
It is true there is no affirmative statement in the bill of exceptions that it contains all the testimony, but such omission is not fatal. This question was presented in Gunnison County v. E. H. Rollins & Sons, 173 U. S. 255, 43 L. ed. 689, 19 Sup. Ct. Rep. 390, a civil case, brought to this court on certiorari to the circuit court of appeals, which court had held that the bill of exceptions did not purport to contain all the evidence adduced at the trial, and for that reason did not consider the question whether error was committed in instructing the jury to find for the defendant. Mr. Justice Harlan, delivering the unanimous opinion of the court, disposed of that question in these words (p. 261, L. ed. p. 693, Sup. Ct. Rep. p. 392):
'We are of opinion that the bill of exceptions should be taken as containing all the evidence. It appears that as soon as the jury was sworn to try the issues in the cause 'the complainants, to sustain the issues on their part, offered the following oral and documentary evidence.' Then follow many pages of testimony on the part of the plaintiffs, when this entry appears: 'Whereupon complainants rested.' Immediately after comes this entry: 'Thereupon the defendants, to sustain the issues herein joined on their part, produced the following evidence.' Then follow many pages of evidence given on behalf of the defendant, and the evidence of a witness recalled by the defendant, concluding with this entry: 'Whereupon the further proceedings herein were continued until the 20th day of May, 1896, at 10 o'clock A. M.' Immediately following this entry: 'Wednesday, May 20th, at 10 o'clock, the further trial of this cause was continued as follows.' The transcript next shows some discussion by counsel as to the exclusion of particular evidence, after which is this entry: 'Thereupon counsel for defendant made a formal motion under the evidence on both sides that the court instruct the jury to return a verdict for the defendant.' Although the bill of exceptions does not state, in words, that it contains all the evidence, the above entries sufficiently show that it does contain all the evidence.'
The present case is completely covered by that decision. If, in a civil case, such recitals in the bill of exceptions are sufficient to show that it contains all the testimony, a fortiori should this be the rule in a criminal the question of his guilt by an omission from not be deprived of a full consideration of the question of his guilty by an omission from the bill of the technical recital that it contains all the evidence.
While no motion or request was made that the jury be instructed to find for defendant, and although such a motion is the proper method of presenting the question whether there is evidence to sustain the verdict, yet Wiborg v. United States, 163 U. S. 632, 658, 41 L. ed. 290, 298, 16 Sup. Ct. Rep. 1127, 1197, justifies us in examining the question in case a plain error has been committed in a matter so vital to the defendant.
The testimony discloses that the defendant, with another party, went to Florida, and caused the arrest of Gordon and Ridley on warrants issued by a magistrate in Georgia for larceny; but there can be little doubt that these criminal proceedings were only an excuse for securing the custody of Gordon and Ridley, and taking them back to Georgia to work out a debt. At any rate, there was abundant testimony from which the jury could find that to have been the fact. While this is true, there is not a scintilla of testimony to show that Gordon and Ridley were ever theretofore in a condition of peonage. That they were in debt, and that they had left Georgia and gone to Florida without paying that debt, does not show that they had been held in a condition of peonage, or were ever at work, willingly or unwillingly, for their creditor. We have examined the testimony with great care to see if there was anything which would justify a finding of the fact, and can find nothing. No matter how severe may be the condemnation which is due to the conduct of a party charged with a criminal offense, it is the imperative duty of a court to see that all the elements of his crime are proved, or at least that testimony is offered which justifies a jury in finding those elements. Only in the exact administration of the law will justice in the long run be done, and the confidence of the public in such administration be maintained.
We are constrained, therefore, to order a reversal of the judgment, and remand the case for a new trial.
Mr. Justice McKenna concurs in the judgment.
Mr. Justice Harlan:
I concur with my brethren in holding that the statutes in question relating to peonage are valid under the Constitution of the United States. I agree, also, that the record sufficiently shows that it contains all the evidence introduced at the trial.
But I cannot agree in holding that the trial court erred in not taking the case from the jury. Without going into the details of the evidence, I care only to say that, in my opinion, there was evidence tending to make a case within the statute. The opinion of the court concedes that there was abundant testimony to show that the accused, with another, went from Georgia to Florida to arrest the two negroes, Gordon and Ridley, and take them, against their will, back to Georgia to work out a debt. And they were taken to Georgia by force. It is conceded that peonage is based upon the indebtedness of the peon to the master. The accused admitted to one of the witnesses that the negroes owed him. In any view, there was no motion or request to direct a verdict for the defendant. The accused made no objection to the submission of the case to the jury, and it is going very far to hold in a case like this, disclosing barbarities of the worst kind against these negroes, that he trial court erred in sending the case to the jury.
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262 U.S. 426 - Collins v. Loisel
262 US 426 Collins v. Loisel
67 L.Ed. 1062
LOISEL, United States Marshal.
Argued May 4, 1923.
Decided June 4, 1923.
Messrs. J. Zach Spearing, of New Orleans, La., and Guion Miller, of Baltimore, Md., for appellant.
Mr. Robert H. Marr, of New Orleans, La., for appellee.
Mr. Justice BRANDEIS delivered the opinion of the Court.
This is the third appeal by Collins in habeas corpus proceedings instituted to prevent his extradition to British India. After the decision in Collins v. Miller, 252 U. S. 364, 40 Sup. Ct. 347, 64 L. Ed. 616, the District Court dismissed the application for habeas corpus so far as the commitment was based on the charge of obtaining property by false pretenses from Mahomed Alli Zaimel Ali Raza, and remanded Collins to the custody of Loisel, the marshal. The judgment of the District Court discharged the prisoner, so far as the commitment was based on charges of obtaining property by false pretenses from Pohoomul Bros. and from Ganeshi Lall & Sons. The ground of the discharge, stated in the judgment, was that Collins had been remanded to await further proceedings on these charges to the end that he might be given the opportunity of introducing evidence at a preliminary examination under the law of Louisiana; that no further examination had been held; that the prosecution on those affidavits had been definitely abandoned; and that other new affidavits had been filed by the British consul general. In this judgment the British consul general acquiesced. Collins appealed. The judgment was affirmed in Collins v. Loisel, 259 U. S. 309, 42 Sup. Ct. 469, 66 L. Ed. 956.
On those new affidavits, referred to in the judgment, apparently Collins was again committed to await extradition; the papers were transmitted for action to the Department of State with the magistrate's certificate; but, owing to the fact that proceedings were still pending in the District Court, the department refused to issue the warrant of extradition. Thereafter, while the Loisel Case was pending in this court, and while Collins was being held in custody to answer on the charge of obtaining property from Mahomed Alli Zaimel Ali Raza, a third set of affidavits were lodged against the prisoner by the British consul general before the same committing magistrate. They were in form and substance identical with those in which Collins had been previously charged with obtaining property by false pretenses from Pohoomul Bros. and from Ganeshi Lall & Sons and discharged by the District Court. Alleging that the affidavits were identical with those first filed on which he had been so discharged, Collins moved, before the magistrate, to quash the new affidavits. His motion was overruled; and, after due hearing, an order was entered by the magistrate again committing Collins to be held for extradition on these charges. Then he filed, in the same District Court, this petition for a writ of habeas corpus and certiorari. Judgment was entered therein in December, 1922, dismissing this second petition for a writ of habeas corpus; Collins was remanded to the custody of the marshal; and this appeal was taken under section 238 of the Judicial Code (Comp. St. § 1215). After hearing counsel for appellant, this court on May 4, 1923, ordered that the judgment below be affirmed, and that the mandate issue forthwith. Because of the importance of the question presented, the reasons for this decision are now stated.
Collins contended that commitment on the new affidavits, after discharge in proceeding based on others identical in form and substance, was a violation of the Fifth Amendment and of the Treaty with Great Britain. The constitutional provision against double jeopardy can have no application unless a prisoner has, theretofore, been placed on trial. See Kepner v. United States, 1 5 U. S. 100, 126, 24 Sup. Ct. 797, 49 L. Ed. 114, 1 Ann. Cas. 655. The preliminary examination of one arrested on suspicion of a crime is not a trial; and his discharge by the magistrate upon such examination is not an acquittal. Commonwealth v. Rice, 216 Mass. 480, 104 N. E. 347; People v. Dillon, 197 N. Y. 254, 256, 90 N. E. 820, 18 Ann. Cas. 552. Even the finding of an indictment followed by arraignment, pleading thereto, repeated continuances, and eventually dismissal at the instance of the prosecuting officer on the ground that there was not sufficient evidence to hold the accused, was held, in Bassing v. Cady, 208 U. S. 386, 391, 28 Sup. Ct. 392, 52 L. Ed. 540, 13 Ann. Cas. 905, not to constitute jeopardy. Likewise it has been consistently held under the treaties with Great Britain and other countries, that a fugitive from justice may be arrested in extradition proceedings a second time upon a new complaint charging the same crime, where he was discharged by the magistrate on the first complaint or the complaint was withdrawn.1 The precise question appears not to have been passed upon by this court in any case involving international extradition. But in Bassing v. Cady, supra, the rule was applied to a case of interstate rendition. Protection against unjustifiable vexation and harassment incident to repeated arrests for the same alleged crime must ordinarily be sought, not in constitutional limitations or treaty provisions, but in a high sense of responsibility on the part of the public officials charged with duties in this connection. The proceedings before the committing magistrate on the first and on the second set of affidavits; and the action of the Department of State on the latter were no bar to the proceedings on the third set of affidavits here involved. The filing by the British consul general of these new affidavits were clearly justified.
The discharge of Collins on the first petition for habeas corpus, so far as it related to the charge of obtaining property from Pohoomul Bros. and from Ganeshi Lall & Sons does not operate as res judicata. It is true that the Fifth Amendment, in providing against double jeopardy, was not intended to supplant the fundamental principle of res judicata in criminal cases, United States v. Oppenheimer, 242 U. S. 85, 37 Sup. Ct. 68, 61 L. Ed. 161, 3 A. L. R. 516; and that a judgment in habeas corpus proceedings discharging a prisoner held for preliminary examination may operate as res judicata. But the judgment is res judicata only that he was at the time illegally in custody, and of the issues of law and fact necessarily involved in that result.2 The discharge here in question did not go to the right to have Collins held for extradition. It was granted because the proceedings on which he was then held had been irregular and the British consul general, instead of undertaking to correct them, had concluded to abandon them, and to file the charges anew by another set of affidavits.
The contention was also made that, as the arrest on the new affidavits after discharge on the old was an independent proceeding, and Collins was then being held on an entirely different charge under review by this court in the Loisel Case, the magistrate was without jurisdiction. There was here no attempt to interfere by the second proceeding with the custody of Collins on the first. The fact that Collins was in the custody of the court did n t render invalid the second warrant. It would merely prevent withdrawal of the prisoner from the custody of the court by means of the execution of a second warrant. In re MacDonnell, 11 Blatch. 170, 177, 178, Fed. Cas. No. 8772; Compare Ponzi v. Fessenden, 258 U. S. 254, 260, 265, 42 Sup. Ct. 309, 66 L. Ed. 607, 22 A. L. R. 879. The pendency of habeas corpus proceedings, relating to the charge involved in the Loisel Case, supra, did not deprive the magistrate of jurisdiction to entertain this application for arrest on other charges. Stallings v. Splain, 253 U. S. 339, 342, 40 Sup. Ct. 537, 64 L. Ed. 940.
It was further contended that the magistrate's order of commitment was insufficient, because it adjudged that Collins be held for extradition 'for trial on the charges pending against him in the Chief Presidency Magistrate's Court at Bombay,' and that, since he could legally be tried there only on the charge for which he was extradited, the order of commitment must specifically set forth that crime. United States v. Rauscher, 119 U. S. 407, 7 Sup. Ct. 234, 30 L. Ed. 425. The contention is unsound. The order must of course, be interpreted as limited by the finding therein made, that the evidence produced 'justify his commitment on the charge of having obtained property by false pretenses.' The certificate which the magistrate issued thereon to the Secretary of State identifies the charges as those set forth in the two new affidavits. By established practice, the warrant of extradition issued by the Secretary of State likewise identifies the crime with which the prisoner has been charged and for the trial of which the prisoner is delivered up. Moreover, it may be assumed that the British government will not try appellant upon charges other than those upon which the extradition is allowed. Kelly v. Griffin, 241 U. S. 6, 15, 36 Sup. Ct. 487, 60 L. Ed. 861.
6 Op. Atty. Gen. 91; 10 Op. Atty. Gen. 501; In re MacDonnell, 11 Blatch. 170, 179, Fed. Cas. No. 8772; In re Kelly, 26 Fed. 852; Fergus, Petitioner, 30 Fed. 607; Ex parte Schorer (D. C.) 195 Fed. 334. See, also, 1 Moore on Extradition, pp. 457-464; 1 Hyde, International Law, p. 596; Muller's Case, 5 Phila. 289, Fed. Cas. No. 9913; In re Farez, 7 Blatch. 345, Fed. Cas. No. 4645.
Compare Ex parte Milburn, 9 Pet. 704, 710, 9 L. Ed. 280; In re White (C. C.) 45 Fed. 237; United States v. Chung Shee (D. C.) 71 Fed. 277; Id., 76 Fed. 951, 22 C. C. A. 639; Ex parte Gagliardi (D. C.) 284 Fed. 190.
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639 F. 2d 75 - Oreck Corporation v. Whirlpool Corporation
639 F2d 75 Oreck Corporation v. Whirlpool Corporation
1980-81 Trade Cases 63,619, 7 Fed. R. Evid. Serv. 207
ORECK CORPORATION, Plaintiff-Appellant,
WHIRLPOOL CORPORATION and Sears Roebuck and Co., Defendants-Appellees.
No. 6, Docket 79-7791.
Argued Sept. 4, 1980.
Decided Nov. 5, 1980.
Howard Adler, Jr., Washington, D. C. (James W. Olson, Michael D. Ridberg, Ronald W. Kleinman, and Bergson, Borkland, Margolis & Adler, Washington, D. C., and Mervin Rosenman, New York City, on the brief), for plaintiff-appellant Oreck Corp.
Michael R. Turoff, Chicago, Ill. (Stanley M. Lipnick, Patrick F. Geary, and Arnstein, Gluck, Weitzenfeld & Minow, Chicago, Ill., on the brief), for defendant-appellee Whirlpool Corp.
Gerald D. Fischer, New York City (Lefrak, Fischer, Myerson & Mandell, New York City, on the brief), for defendant-appellee Sears, Roebuck and Co.
Before TIMBERS, VAN GRAAFEILAND and NEWMAN, Circuit Judges.
TIMBERS, Circuit Judge:
This action was commenced by appellant, Oreck Corporation, in September 1972. Following a jury trial, judgment was entered in July 1976 against appellees, Whirlpool Corporation and Sears, Roebuck and Co., and in favor of appellant on two counts of a seven count complaint charging violations of Section 1 of the Sherman Act, 15 U.S.C. § 1 (1976). On appeal, a divided panel of this Court reversed and remanded the case for a new trial. 563 F.2d 54 (2 Cir. 1977). On rehearing en banc, we adhered to the decision of the panel majority and remanded the case for a new trial. 579 F.2d 126 (2 Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 946 (1978).
At the close of appellant's case at the trial on remand, the district court, Richard Owen, District Judge, granted appellees' motion for a directed verdict. From the judgment entered thereon, appellant has appealed. We affirm on the ground that there was insufficient evidence to establish a conspiracy in restraint of trade.
We assume familiarity with the comprehensive statements of the facts underlying this dispute as set forth in the late Judge Anderson's panel and en banc opinions referred to above.
Since 1957 Whirlpool has manufactured vacuum cleaners for Sears. The latter has sold them under Sears' "Kenmore" label. Whirlpool also has tried, unsuccessfully, to sell its vacuum cleaners under its own name. From 1963 until 1971 Oreck was the exclusive distributor of vacuum cleaners under the "Whirlpool" trade name.
On December 31, 1971 Whirlpool allowed Oreck's exclusive distributorship to expire according to its terms and refused to extend it. Oreck commenced the instant action in September 1972 claiming that Whirlpool's refusal to renew the sales agreement resulted from an illegal contract, combination or conspiracy between Whirlpool and Sears unreasonably to restrain trade by excluding Oreck from the vacuum cleaner market in the United States and Canada.1 More specifically, Oreck alleged that its distributorship was terminated by Whirlpool at the insistence of Sears, a much larger purchaser of Whirlpool products.
Appellees contended by way of defense that Whirlpool refused to renew Oreck's contract because of Oreck's failure to follow Whirlpool's marketing strategy for its vacuum cleaners. According to testimony adduced at the first trial, as Judge Anderson pointed out in our earlier en banc opinion, Whirlpool intended to market its name brand vacuum cleaners in retail department stores, but Oreck's campaign focused increasingly on janitorial supply houses and mail order sales. 579 F.2d at 128.
Appellees further contended that Sears never considered Oreck a competitive threat. Indeed, despite Oreck's claim that it sold vacuum cleaners at "one-half the retail price," there was no evidence that it ever undercut Sears on the price of vacuum cleaners.
THE LEGAL STANDARD
A plaintiff in a civil action, in order to sustain its claim under Section 1 of the Sherman Act, must establish two elements: first, that the defendants entered into a "contract, combination ... or conspiracy"; and, second, that it was "in restraint of trade or commerce among the several states." 15 U.S.C. § 1 (1976); House of Materials, Inc. v. Simplicity Pattern Co., 298 F.2d 867, 870 (2 Cir. 1962); DuPont Glore Forgan Inc. v. Am. Tel. & Tel. Co., 437 F.Supp. 1104, 1111 (S.D.N.Y.1977), aff'd, 578 F.2d 1367 (2 Cir. 1978). We hold that Oreck did not sustain at trial its burden of proving a conspiracy between Whirlpool and Sears. We therefore affirm the judgment of the district court entered on its directed verdict for appellees.2
It is elemental that Whirlpool's termination of its distributorship contract with Oreck cannot be held to have violated the Sherman Act unless it stemmed from "a contract, combination or conspiracy" between Whirlpool and Sears. FLM Collision Parts Inc. v. Ford Motor Co., 543 F.2d 1019, 1029 (2 Cir. 1976), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 1097 (1977). It is not necessary that such a combination be established by direct proof of oral or written agreements; it may be proven by inferences drawn from circumstantial evidence, including the acts and conduct of the alleged conspirators. Norfolk Monument Co., Inc. v. Woodlawn Memorial Gardens, Inc., 394 U.S. 700, 704 (1969). A mere showing of close relations or frequent meetings between the alleged conspirators, however, will not sustain a plaintiff's burden absent evidence which would permit the inference that those close ties led to an illegal agreement. Miller v. New York Produce Exchange, 550 F.2d 762, 767 (2 Cir. 1976), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 823 (1977); Hanson v. Shell Oil Co., 541 F.2d 1352, 1359 (9 Cir. 1976), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 1073 (1977); Venzie Corp. v. United States Mineral Products Co., Inc., 521 F.2d 1309, 1312-13 (3 Cir. 1975).
In the instant case Oreck cannot be said to have sustained its burden by merely establishing that Sears was an important customer with close ties to its supplier, Whirlpool, or even by showing that Sears had substantial economic muscle to enable it to force Whirlpool to terminate its relationship with Oreck. Upon the facts of this case, it was necessary for Oreck to establish that Sears used that relationship or its power to prod Whirlpool into ending the Oreck distributorship.
ORECK'S EVIDENCE IN THE DISTRICT COURT
Much of the circumstantial evidence adduced by Oreck focused on the substantial economic ties between the alleged conspirators. Since 1958 Sears has been Whirlpool's largest customer for vacuum cleaners and other appliances. Between 1962 and 1972 Sears owned between 3% and 41/2% of Whirlpool's outstanding common stock. Sears' subsidiary, Allstate Insurance Co., owned between 8/10 of 1% and 21/2% of the outstanding Whirlpool stock. Sears' officers have served on Whirlpool's board of directors. Sears held title to the tools which Whirlpool used to manufacture its vacuum cleaners. It did so pursuant to an agreement under which the cost of the tools, although initially paid for by Whirlpool, was amortized over a number of units as produced; and in this way Sears ultimately reimbursed Whirlpool for the cost of the tools. This gave Sears control over the use of the tools and the power to determine for whom Whirlpool could manufacture vacuum cleaners.
There was little evidence, either direct or circumstantial, that Sears actually exercised any of this economic muscle in the manner claimed by Oreck. While Sears' ownership of the tools used to manufacture Oreck's products gave Sears a direct means of cutting off Oreck's supply of vacuum cleaners, the evidence showed that Sears authorized Whirlpool's use of the tools to manufacture vacuum cleaners for Oreck and never rescinded that authorization, although Sears did receive royalties on Oreck's sales.
It is argued that the existence of a conspiracy might be inferred from actions taken by Whirlpool which were inconsistent with its economic self-interest. Oreck, however, has failed to establish that Whirlpool took any action which did not comport with its legitimate commercial objectives. Oreck has attempted to make much of Whirlpool's refusal to sell Oreck its inventory of vacuum cleaners after the termination of its distributorship. The record shows, however, that after December 1971, when the distributorship was terminated, Oreck owed Whirlpool over $220,000. Whirlpool was forced to sue to collect this indebtedness. Under these circumstances, Whirlpool's refusal to sell after the termination of the distributorship can hardly be said to be contrary to Whirlpool's economic self-interest.
Oreck did show that Sears executives had forwarded to Whirlpool copies of direct mail advertising used by Oreck to sell Whirlpool vacuum cleaners with indications that Sears considered the advertising improper. In 1971, the final year of the distributorship, Oreck mailed over 20 million pieces of advertising to consumers, among whom were Sears employees. This advertising contained certain allegedly false and misleading statements, including a statement that Whirlpool vacuum cleaners were being offered at half-price. These statements were the subject of complaints from other sources, including the Better Business Bureau.
That Sears brought these improper selling methods to Whirlpool's attention hardly rises to the level of evidence of a conspiracy unlawfully to exclude Oreck from the vacuum cleaner market. Sears argues that as a Whirlpool stockholder it had a legitimate business interest in advising Whirlpool of substandard advertising campaigns which Sears thought reflected poorly on Whirlpool's image with consumers. Moreover, even if Sears' actions were to be viewed as a complaint by one Whirlpool customer about the selling practices of another, such a complaint would not indicate illegal concerted action, since it is merely normal marketplace behavior for such complaints to be made. Carbon Steel Products Corp. v. Alan Wood Steel Co., 289 F.Supp. 584, 588 (S.D.N.Y.1968).
This evidence at most showed that Sears was unhappy with Oreck's selling practices. Oreck urges, however, that Sears, as an important customer and stockholder of Whirlpool, had some economic power which it might have been able to use to compel Whirlpool's refusal to renew Oreck's exclusive distributorship. Based upon the evidence referred to above, any implication that Sears in fact used its leverage in a manner which indicated a conspiracy must rest upon sheer speculation insufficient to support a conclusion that Whirlpool and Sears engaged in an illegal "contract, combination ... or conspiracy." Miller v. New York Produce Exchange, supra, 550 F.2d at 767.
The closest Oreck came to proving a conspiracy between Whirlpool and Sears was the testimony of David Oreck and Marshall Oreck, officers of appellant. They testified that on three occasions between 1967 and 1971 John Payne, the Whirlpool salesman responsible for the Oreck account, told them that Sears disapproved of Oreck's selling tactics and implied that Oreck, by antagonizing Sears, was jeopardizing its continued relationship with Whirlpool.
Payne's out-of-court statements of course were hearsay. Fed.R.Evid. 801(c). Hearsay statements of a purported conspirator are not admissible against a co-defendant unless there is independent, non-hearsay evidence that establishes the declarant's participation in the conspiracy. Schine Chain Theatres, Inc. v. United States, 334 U.S. 110, 116-17 (1948); United States v. Provenzano, 615 F.2d 37, 44 (2 Cir. 1980); United States v. Geaney, 417 F.2d 1116 (2 Cir. 1969), cert. denied, 397 U.S. 1028 (1970). The mere showing of a close association between defendants is not sufficient to satisfy the independent proof requirement. United States v. Ragland, 375 F.2d 471, 477 (2 Cir. 1967), cert. denied, 390 U.S. 925 (1968). Accordingly, even if Payne's statements were to be considered as admissions of Whirlpool as a party defendant, Fed.R.Evid. 802(d)(2)(D),3 in view of the complete lack of independent evidence of a conspiracy involving Sears, we hold that testimony regarding those statements should not have been admitted.4
Even if the Payne statements had been properly admitted, the sufficiency of Oreck's evidence of conspiracy would have been doubtful at best. Absent the Payne statements, clearly the evidence was insufficient to establish a contract, combination or conspiracy between Whirlpool and Sears.5
We hold that Oreck failed to establish its claims under Section 1 of the Sherman Act.
DENIAL OF ORECK'S MOTION TO AMEND ITS COMPLAINT
Oreck also contends that the district court erred in denying its motion to amend its complaint prior to the trial on remand to include claims of tortious interference with its business relations.
The denial of such a motion is within the sound discretion of the district court. Zenith Radio Corp. v. Hazeltone Research, Inc., 401 U.S. 321, 330 (1971). Oreck had failed to assert these claims in the federal court at any time since the action was commenced in 1972. Although it did raise these claims in a related state court action, it apparently made a tactical decision to proceed only on its antitrust claims in the federal court. Under these circumstances of extended delay and failure to raise initially claims of which Oreck was well aware, we hold that denial of leave to amend was not an abuse of discretion. Troxel Manufacturing Co. v. Schwinn Bicycle Co., 489 F.2d 968, 971 (6 Cir. 1973), cert. denied, 416 U.S. 939 (1974).
In view of our essential holding that there was insufficient evidence of a conspiracy, we find it neither necessary nor appropriate to reach the other claims raised on appeal.
During the trial on remand Oreck withdrew the count regarding Canadian sales. This appeal therefore is concerned only with Oreck's claim of a conspiracy to exclude it from the United States markets
In the interest of simplicity, we use the statutory term "conspiracy" in this opinion. Our holding that there was insufficient evidence of a "conspiracy" applies with equal force to the statutory terms "contract" and "combination".
The previous opinions of this Court in this case did not reach the question of the sufficiency of the evidence of a conspiracy
Whirlpool and Sears argue, with some force, that Payne's statements should not have been admitted even against Whirlpool under the hearsay exception for admissions because questions of Whirlpool policy were beyond the scope of Payne's employment as a salesman. Fed.R.Evid.801(d)(2)(D); Flintkote Co. v. Lysfjord, 246 F.2d 368 (9 Cir.), cert. denied, 355 U.S. 835 (1957); and on the further ground that Oreck failed to lay a proper foundation to show the source of Payne's knowledge. Northern Oil Co., Inc. v. Socony Mobil Oil Co., Inc., 347 F.2d 81 (2 Cir. 1965). In view of our holding that independent evidence of a conspiracy was insufficient to warrant the admission of the Payne statements, we find it unnecessary to determine the relationships between Payne, his employer and Oreck. Suffice it to say that, in view of Oreck's failure to establish whether Payne's statements were based on rumor, innuendo, or his own conclusions about Sears' interests, we would regard the Payne statements, even if admissible, as having little probative value
We note that the district court, in receiving the Payne statements, characterized as "scanty" the independent evidence of a conspiracy involving Sears. We think that characterization was overly generous
We reject summarily Oreck's evidentiary claims as being without merit
The only one worthy of brief mention is its claim that the district court erred in refusing to admit parts of a memorandum purporting to include the conclusions of an Oreck employee about a conversation he was said to have had with Whirlpool in 1966. The witness whose conclusions allegedly were recorded could not verify the authenticity of the memorandum beyond acknowledging that it was the "type" sometimes prepared from his recollections. He could not recall the factual basis for his conclusions. In view of the unavailability of cross-examination on the accuracy of the observations, their factual basis, Monroe v. Board of Educ., 65 F.R.D. 641 (D.Conn.1975), or the accuracy of transcription, United States v. Judon, 567 F.2d 1289, 1294 (5 Cir. 1974), we decline to hold that the district court erred in excluding the memorandum.
Moreover, as Oreck's counsel stated at trial, the recorded recollection of an Oreck employee about a conversation with Whirlpool was not probative on the question of a conspiracy between Whirlpool and Sears.
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Welcome from the Department Head
The Department consists of major Clinical and Research Centres and Units throughout Melbourne, extending into a variety of valuable partnerships in the areas of neuroscience, clinical translation and prevention. The Department is part of the Melbourne Medical School within the Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences at the University of Melbourne.
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The Department of Psychiatry has unique strengths and expertise in mental health neuroscience, biological and translational psychiatry, personalised psychiatry and prevention, and shows demonstrable clinical expertise in major clinical populations affected by mental illness. In a cross-disciplinary approach we integrate pure and applied disciplines to improve the lives of people with psychiatric conditions. Our interests span from young to old age groups, from early intervention to severe mental illness to mental health policy and advocacy. Our strategy is characterised by promoting excellence and research diversity, building cross-disciplinary partnerships and leading research networks and achieving common goals for the advancement of the broader Discipline. We work in a cross-disciplinary and diverse environment that stimulates best ideas, creates leading minds and fosters the next generation of researchers, teachers and clinicians. We extend our desire for excellence in all aspects of learning, teaching, research and clinical application into national and international engagement with the wider community.
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Symposium Parking and Shuttle Information
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School of Medicine / Research / Center for Healthy Aging / Events / Successful Ager Aurora Soriano Cudal
Successful Ager in Action: Aurora Soriano Cudal
By Maja Gawronska, MA
This month’s successful ager, Aurora Soriano Cudal, is a perfect example that it is never too early, nor too late to live your life to the fullest.
Oil painting of Aurora Soriano Cudal by artist Mona Mills displayed at San Diego Library,
part of 2015
San Diego Legends Exhibit
Ms. Cudal was born in the Philippines in 1933. She graduated with a degree in public health from the University of the Philippines at the age of eighteen. She married her campus sweetheart at age twenty-one and pursued a specialized course in public health while she was pregnant with her second daughter and carrying in her arms her eldest daughter. She was a mother of two girls and a career woman at the young age of twenty-three.
Her career in public health started from the grassroots and ended at the top as senior health education adviser of the Bureau of Disease Control, Department of Health in Manila. She also served as Consultant of the World Health Organization (WHO) and UNESCO. She was the executive director of the Center for University Extension Service of the University of the City of Manila, the institution that awarded her an honorary doctorate degree in humanities.
Over the years, all but one of Ms. Cudal’s seven grown kids moved to San Diego and she often visited. After retiring in 1993, she settled in Chula Vista and started a new career. Through serving on the boards of many nonprofits, establishing the Filipino Tulungan Center, a resource service for the community, and writing her popular column “My Personal Testimony” in the Filipino Press, Ms. Cudal became a well-known activist in the Filipino community. She was inducted into the
San Diego Women’s Hall of Fame in 2013 and received the 2015 Legends of San Diego, a recognition given by the San Diego County Library Services and Aging and Independence Services. She was the first Filipino in to
be honored.
Ms. Cudal spoke with us about her life, successful aging, and he blooming second career.
How would you define " successful aging"?
"Successful Aging" means overcoming the challenges of life and living, and becoming a better person as you surmount the difficulties of pursuing a career, raising a family, serving the community, and helping others.
It is not the number of years you have lived but the quality of service you rendered in your workplace, the passion you have shown in your volunteer service both in your church and in your community.
It is being able to go beyond the confines of your home and family, to help others, to build bridges of understanding and to promote goodwill among people of different ethnic backgrounds, social upbringing, generation, and gender.
It is maintaining a positive attitude in all circumstances, always believing that there is something good in the worst of people, that behind dark clouds is a silver lining, that a glass is half full and not half empty. That in financial and physical difficulties, God never fails. He will provide and He will take care of you.
Do you consider yourself a successful ager?
I will be 83 years old on July 12, 2016. I was able to adjust to a new way of life here in the USA. I was able to overcome the challenges of cultural and social adjustment. I have passed the limits of the current life span of human beings. I have lived life to the fullest in volunteer service. I am an octogenarian and I am still going strong in my community advocacy to improve the quality of life of others. I am partnering with young people to prepare them for leadership. I have a deep and abiding faith in God. I was able to overcome widowhood and depression by getting married for the second time. I am active in making use of the social media. I write blogs. I dance to my heart's content. I have a wide circle of friends, and I have a very supportive family (7 children and their spouses, 23 grandchildren and 5 great grandchildren. Now that I was able to undergo a successful Angioplasty, I am in a state of wellness that will keep me going and doing the things I love to do. If this is not being a successful ager, what is?
You have a very successful second career. How did you start it?
When I retired as a University professor in the Philippines at the age of 65, I thought I'll spend the rest of my life visiting my children in the United States and helping them in raising their children and managing their households, fully aware of the high cost of child care and housekeeping help. But it was not meant to be. One of my daughters petitioned for me, and I decided to stay, but what will I do? I tried to apply for a job commensurate to my training and experience. But I found out that there are unwritten hiring rules. I was told that I am over-qualified or I have no experience. Being told that I have no local experience when I have lots of international experience and training here in the USA, challenged me. I said to one of the interviewers, "If you won't give me the local experience, I will make my own experience. My church provided me the opportunity to write a grant proposal. I conducted an informal survey of the needs and problems of new Filipino immigrants and low income families and seniors. I consulted with friends with local experience. The results of the survey served as basis for establishing a Filipino Help Center. While waiting for the outcome of my proposal, I familiarized myself with the agencies, policies and programs of the County of San Diego on health and human services, education, employment, etc. My proposal was approved. The First United Methodist Church Administrative Council organized a Board of Directors to help in setting policies, I was appointed as Executive Director. I wrote a press release and submitted it to the "Filipino Press" for publication. The Editor was impressed of the "thank you letter" I wrote him, and invited me to write a column, which I still maintain up to this day. I became known in the Filipino community. I got involved with Filipino non-profits e,g, Operation Samahan Health Clinic and the Council of Philippine American Organizations of San Diego County. I was appointed as Community Outreach coordinator of Operation Samahan and was elected as Chair of COPAO for two terms. My 25 years in San Diego gave me the opportunity to hone my leadership skills as I was elected President of various organizations, e.g. San Diego Scripps Lions Club, University of the Philippines Alumni Association. I co-founded the FilAm Development Initiatives. I also extended my reach to be a member of mainstream organization such as Foundation for Change, and the Veterans Museum and Memorial Center of San Diego County.
What has shaped your attitude towards life that helps you be the person you are today?
Family upbringing. Healthy family life when I was growing up. My parents were my role models. (My father was the first Justice of the Peace and served for 30 years. My mother was one of the first Public health Nurses.) Growing up and getting involved in church activities - youth programs, women's society of Christian service.) Growing up in school and community, where you are a minority. My family was one of the first Protestant family in a community of Roman Catholics. I have to excel and show my friends that I am no different from the best of them. Influence of my elders, e.g. My father was a widower with six children and my mother was 22 years her senior. I have 4 brothers. All of us are professionals. One became a Congressman and City Mayor for almost 20 years; a sister got married to the Undersecretary of the Department of Education, culture and sports of the national government.
Are there any habits, beliefs, attitudes, or other factors that are helping you to age successfully?
Unselfish sharing of personal belongings to friends, generosity towards friends and strangers, going out of your way to help others, and accepting the fact that I am an ordinary woman doing what she can to the best of her ability. "If my best is not enough, at least I did my best."
If you are a successful ager or know someone whom you believe we should feature in our Successful Ager Series, please contact us at (858) 534-6299 or aging@ucsd.edu and provide the person’s name, contact information, as well as a brief description of why you feel he or she is successfully aging. We will feature some of these individuals in future newsletters.
UC San Diego Health Sciences
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Mithologien Essay Research Paper Jean Baptiste Poquelin
Mithologien Essay, Research Paper
Jean Baptiste Poquelin de Moliere was born in 1622 in Paris. Later in life, Moliere graduated with a law degree but then the twenty-one year old Jean Baptiste got caught up in the theatre. His acting company toured for fifteen years through the provinces where Moliere was exposed, and greatly influenced by, the Italian Commedia. In the course of his fifty-one years, Moliere wrote some thirty-two plays been assimilated into every form of comic drama that we know, be it the simple character sketch, the cartoon, the situation comedy, or the farce. One of the greatest works of Moliere is “The Miser.”
The Miser (1668) is considered one of Moliere’s great “character” plays. This comedy takes place around Mid-19th century in Paris. The setting of the play is Paris, Harpagon’s house. The story revolves around Harpagon and his family. Harpagon is a rich man that has two kids named Elise and Cleante. Elise is in love with Valere that works for her father, and Cleante is in love with a girl named Marianne. Both Elise and Cleante are afraid to tell their dad and others that they are in love. Fearing that everyone, specially their father would disapprove and be outraged. Therefore, they keep everything a secret. However, later in the play Cleante finds out that his father is in love with the same girl he is in love with, and to make matters more interesting, his father wants to marry the same girl. The story goes on and on about how each of them is going to marry the girl first, and on the side there is Elise and her Lover waiting to tell everyone about their secret love.
Moliere has a talent for taking a single trait and placing it at the center of the action, making the entire play revolve around that characteristic. The Miser, Harpagon, confuses love and money through the course of the play, which provides a fun platform for twisting the language of one into the language of the other. Much of the plot centers around a money box that Harpagon has planted out in the garden. When the box is stolen, he accuses Valere of having taking the money, and yet, Valere confuses the issue, thinking that Harpagon has found out that he is having a secret affair with his daughter. They spend the scene arguing about two different things.
The Miser is a very funny and entertaining play. It has many amusing parts that make the play extra funny, such as the level of selfishness and paranoia of Harpagon and his money. I personally thought that the play was really fun to read, and had many parts that showed what people would do for love or money. The Miser made me realize Moliere’s importance in France and what a huge impact he was on French comedy.
Moliere’s plays were greatly influenced by the Commedia dell’arte, and many of his plays are farces featuring the Commedia dell’arte characters. As you can see Moliere is a very talented writer and “The Miser,” could be considered one of the greatest works in French comedy ever.
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Tranducción español
Review - Surgery Junkies
Wellness and Pathology in Cosmetic Culture
by Victoria Pitts-Taylor
Review by Margaret Riley, M.S., R.N.
Jan 20th 2009 (Volume 13, Issue 4)
Plastic surgery is a booming business, and Victoria Pitts-Taylor has investigated it in detail. Long before its popularity increased because of the media, namely television shows like "Extreme Makeover", there were people who had plastic surgery – perhaps improving on a crooked or hooked nose, or enhancing small breasts, and even those who had reconstructive surgery after something catastrophic, like breast cancer or a traumatic injury. There were (and are) also people who don't know when to quit, having surgery after surgery. There is now a psychiatric diagnosis for those who can't say "no" to more plastic surgery: Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD).
Surgery Junkies was interesting to me, as Pitts-Taylor offers tremendous details about various consumers of plastic surgery, including her. These people run the gamut, from mentally healthy people (like her) who decide to have surgery to enhance a particular feature (in her case: her nose), to those who have multiple surgeries, never seeming to reach satisfaction or satiety. Whether these patients suffer from a mental illness (BDD), or simply suffer from extremely low self esteem, or just have more disposable income, time, pain threshold and perhaps even self-loathing, is up for discussion.
It has come to pass (and is described in this book) that plastic surgeons are expected to be able to recognize mental illness (BDD specifically) as separate from someone with a healthy mental outlook who wants plastic surgery, and refuse to perform surgery on the person with a pathological mental status. Plastic surgeons however, are not necessarily learned in psychiatric medicine. Most plastic surgeons have a background in plastic surgery itself, or a general surgery or dermatology background, and they have subsequently specialized in plastics. As psychiatry is its own medical specialty, so is plastic surgery – each of these specialties may take several year for the practitioner to become expert. And physicians generally aren't expected to become expert in more than one field at once.
Having worked in a plastic surgeon's office, I have witnessed first-hand some of the different personalities that Pitts-Taylor describes. I don't recall any that would have been clearly diagnosable as suffering from BDD. I do recall the stereotypical patient as suffering from low self-esteem, apparently trying to soothe a weak ego with breast augmentation or abdominoplasty ("tummy-tuck"). I recall one who didn't receive the amount of attention at home that she desired, and breast augmentation was (in her mind) going to cure that problem. Certainly, it did for a while, as her partner was very enthusiastic at first. But would it last? We in the office were skeptical, but for other reasons, we would not find out whether she required further surgeries to maintain the level of attention she hoped for.
She certainly seemed a candidate to try another surgery to lift her spirits and another anatomical part when the added attention the enhanced breasts first brought dwindled to the usual attention of the relationship.
Victoria Pitts-Taylor includes some vivid descriptions of plastic surgery recovery, something that is apparently shared only minimally on television. Her description of her own recovery from rhinoplasty is clear and shares the pain. She describes other patients in their bandages and with their blood and their pain. In my opinion, this information should be more prevalent, shared more often. Some people tend to think that plastic surgery isn't a "real" surgery. Therefore, they act as if the pain from a plastic surgery either doesn't exist or isn't "real" either. Plastic surgery still involves (usually) general anesthesia, which of course comes with its own set of risks, and they are very real risks. And there are still incisions and movement of tissue and these things all tend to cause blood loss and pain. A plastic surgery consent form no doubt includes the potential complication of "death", as does the consent form for any other surgery. It is unlikely, but is possible.
Recently, I heard of a young woman, under thirty, who was on the operating table for breast augmentation when she suffered ventricular fibrillation. She was amazingly lucky as there was no lasting damage to her body and brain from the arrhythmia itself and the subsequent treatment (defibrillation). She awoke from sedation wondering why her breast augmentation had not been completed, and very upset that it had not.
There were some times while reading Surgery Junkies that I found myself thinking that what I was reading had already been covered. But in retrospect, looking at the book in its entirety, it is not redundancy, it is simply that Pitts-Taylor is looking at plastic surgery and those who are consumers of this (surgical) product, from several different angles. She is sharing information about the patients themselves, the procedures, the media, the surgeons and those who simply watch. Her style of writing is easy to read, although I imagine that one should have an interest in the topics of plastic surgery and/or mental status and stability in order to make the most of this book. I found it an interesting and comprehensive read.
© 2009 Margaret Riley
Margaret Riley, M.S., R.N. -- has been a Critical Care nurse in a highly acute ICU in the Denver Metro Area since graduation from nursing school. She continues to work occasionally in that setting, but now works full-time as a faculty member at her Alma Mater.
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Mountain lions killed for eating hiker who was already dead when they found him
Jacob GeanousThursday 2 Jan 2020 2:26 pm
Three mountain lions had to be killed by wildlife officials after they ate human flesh. (Picture: National Wildlife Federation/CBS)
Three mountain lions had to be killed by wildlife officials after they ate the flesh of a hiker even though he was already dead when they found him.
The Arizona Game and Fish Department said there was no other option but to kill the big cats after they ate human remains, which the agency said was abnormal behavior and a sign they may attack humans in the future.
According to authorities, human remains were found on the Pima Canyon Trail on New Year’s Eve, prompting the trail to close down for hours.
Wildlife officials noted that the remains appeared to have been disturbed by wild animals and later determined three mountain lions, one older cat and two yearlings, ate some of the deceased hiker’s flesh.
Authorities reportedly confirmed that the three mountain lions ate part of the hiker after finding human remains in the lions’ droppings. They then found, shot and killed the three big cats.
Matt Hart, a spokesperson for Arizona Game and Fish, told KGUN: ‘We do not believe the lion attacked the individual who died there.
‘An autopsy will tell us more. But our belief is they were eating the human remains after the fact.’
When asked why the lions could not have just been relocated, Hart said it was not an option ‘because when you move a mountain lion in this part of the world, you’re just going to put it into another lion’s territory, they’re very territorial and will fight to the death over a piece of real estate.’
In a news release, the agency said the lions ate the remains ’50 yards from a popular hiking trail and within sight of homes, and repeatedly showed no fear of responding officers. They were a clear and present danger to public safety.’
Despite the incident, visitors said they were not deterred from visiting the trails.
Local resident Tom Goslin said: ‘The animal activity is nothing new. We see it in the neighborhood all the time. I don’t know of anyone or anyone’s pet that has actually been harmed by it.’
Mother, 22, who 'murdered her three kids' appears overcome with grief as she's led to jail
Man called Sexy Vegan shared video of dog performing sex act on him
Mother, 22, 'admits killing her two toddlers and baby at their Phoenix home'
Coca-Cola won’t stop using plastic bottles because ‘customers want them’
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Dev Gowda,
Kara Cook-Schultz,
European government agencies order Claire’s to stop selling asbestos-contaminated makeup products
Dutch agency’s lab confirms PIRG’s asbestos test findings, contradicts U.S. Food & Drug Administration’s assertion, that the makeup was asbestos-free
In the wake of a recent U.S. PIRG study showing that U.S.-based retailer Claire’s is selling makeup contaminated with asbestos, a government agency in The Netherlands confirmed the results of U.S. PIRG’s study. The Dutch Health and Safety Authority (ILT) ordered Claire’s to remove several makeup products from Dutch store shelves after the agency’s lab testing confirmed that there is asbestos in two makeup products.
Following these findings and similar results by an agency in Brussels, the British government ordered that the asbestos-contaminated products be taken off the shelves in the U.K. and destroyed. Claire’s also offered a refund to European customers who purchased the asbestos-containing items. A warning has been issued to all European Union countries about asbestos contamination in those two Claire’s products.
As of May 3, 2018, Claire’s has not warned its U.S. customers about the asbestos-contaminated makeup, continues to deny that the makeup contains asbestos, and is not offering to refund customers who have purchased the makeup. At least two of these products, Claire’s Compact Powder and Claire’s Shadow and Highlight Finishing Kit, are still available on store shelves in the United States.
“It is unconscionable that these products are still being sold to children here in the U.S., while they have been pulled from the shelves and destroyed in Europe.” said Kara Cook-Schultz, U.S. PIRG’s toxics director. “We have been doing our part to warn consumers about these products that contain asbestos, but for months Claire’s has lied about this issue to its customers, and the FDA has failed to step in.”
Claire's claims on its website that the Dutch agency ILT certifies some Claire's products as free of asbestos, but it conveniently fails to mention that the Dutch ILT actually found Claire's had been illegally selling asbestos-containing makeup in The Netherlands.
Worse, the U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA,) which is supposed to protect the public from dangers such as asbestos, may have delayed these European tests for months. On December 29, 2017, the Dutch Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority (NVWA) received a report that Claire’s may be selling makeup with asbestos contamination. The NVWA decided not to test the products because, according to NVWA spokesman Benno Bruggink, the U.S. FDA assured the Dutch that the makeup was “in order.”
The Dutch announcement confirms U.S. PIRG Education Fund’s study from March 13, 2018, which found asbestos contamination in three Claire’s makeup products: Claire’s Contour Palette, Claire’s Shadow and Highlight Finishing Kit, and Claire’s Compact Powder.
Asbestos is not purposefully added to cosmetics. However, asbestos can occur naturally in talc, and talc is commonly added to cosmetics. Sparkly, shimmery, and powdery makeup often contains talc as a major ingredient. Inhaling or ingesting any form of asbestos can lead to serious health conditions, including lung cancer and mesothelioma. Repeated topical exposure to asbestos may also result in increased skin cancer risk.
U.S. PIRG Education Fund alerted both Claire’s and the FDA to our findings back in February, but neither the company nor the FDA has issued a recall in the U.S. While European teens are being protected by their government, American kids are still facing an unnecessary and avoidable risk.
The FDA states that asbestos is a carcinogen, and that makeup companies should take steps to keep asbestos outof cosmetics. The FDA is currently performing an investigation into the presence of asbestos in Claire’s makeup. The agency, however, has been slow to act or to publish the findings of its investigation. In the meantime, European agencies have acted swiftly to protect their citizens.
Read U.S. PIRG Education Fund’s initial study finding asbestos in Claire’s products, and laboratory tests here.
U.S. PIRG Education Fund is an independent, non-partisan group that works for consumers and the public interest. Through research, public education and outreach, we serve as counterweights to the influence of powerful special interests that threaten our health, safety, or well-being.
Fight Against Flame Retardants
Your donation supports Maryland PIRG's work to stand up for consumers on the issues that matter, especially when powerful interests are blocking progress.
Join our network and stay up to date on our campaigns, get important consumer updates, and take action on critical issues.
Maryland Public Interest Research Group
2209 Maryland Ave., Ste. D
Maryland PIRG is part of The Public Interest Network, which operates and supports organizations committed to a shared vision of a better world and a strategic approach to getting things done.
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MAKE IT EPIC
will.i.am,
Black Eyed Peas,
Beats, i.am+
Cameo appearance: Jeremy Siegel (urban designer, Bjarke Ingels Group).
Photography by Brittany Hosea Small & Eric Michael Roy.
What can entrepreneurs learn from a genre-crossing, multi-platinum musician? How to take a big opportunity – and leverage it into something epic. From his earliest days, as a founding member of the Black Eyed Peas, will.i.am learned from mentors how to not only identify big opportunities, but compound them.
"I want to shoot for the stars. If I shoot away from here, I'll get off the planet.”
- will.i.am
"I believe you should never settle for a big opportunity when you can leverage it into something epic. "
will.i.am is a rapper, singer, songwriter, record producer, DJ, actor, and entrepreneur. A founding and lead member of the hip hop group Black Eyed Peas, he was an original partner in the headphone behemoth Beats. He’s also founder of the wearable consumer-tech company i.am+.
Jeremy Siegel
Jeremy Siegel is an urban designer with Bjarke Ingels and BIG. He led the BIG team in its winning “Big U” proposal for the federal Rebuild by Design competition, and now leads urban design of the subsequent East Side Coastal Resiliency project, as well as the studio’s broader resiliency efforts for public and institutional clients including the City of New York, UN-Habitat, Rockefeller Foundation, and Google.
“I was raised really poor – but creativity is my currency.”
will.i.am: And our number, when we do “Boom Boom Pow” – “I be rockin’ them beats!” – I have everybody in the light-up suits form an arrow and lean forward so they could point to the “B.” I was like, I have an arrow that’s pointing to what you need to pay attention to.
REID HOFFMAN: That’s will.i.am. You know will.i.am, frontman of the Black Eyed Peas, among other distinctions. He’s describing his Super Bowl halftime show from 2011. But to understand the triumph in his voice, I think we need to start the story a bit earlier…
will.i.am: We were rehearsing for the Super Bowl while we were on tour in Brazil, while I was writing a new album, right when me and Marc Benioff’s relationship began.
HOFFMAN: Marc Benioff is the co-CEO of Salesforce. Will had partnered with them to promote their new app, called Chatter. And he saw an opportunity.
will.i.am: I said, “Hey, Marc. Why don’t you do a Super Bowl ad?”
He was like, “Yeah, we’ve been thinking about that.”
I was like, “You know, we’re playing at the Super Bowl.”
HOFFMAN: The ads? They’d feature a cartoon will.i.am “walking” out of the animation and on to the live stage just before he walked on the actual live stage. There were obvious challenges to pulling this off, not the least of which was the lack of ad spots to buy. Will called up Fox, who was broadcasting the game.
will.i.am: “Hey, this is will.i.am, we’re playing on the Super Bowl this year. I want to buy some time.”
They were like, “Well, it’s already sold.”
I was like, “Well, you could create a new ad buy.”
HOFFMAN: Will pitched Fox on creating two new ad slots that would bookend the halftime show.
will.i.am: That’s a new unit you could sell, at a premium. If the person performing has 11 minutes and they purposely forfeit a minute and 30 seconds, and they only play 10 minutes, that’s an awesome business model.
HOFFMAN: Will was giving up his own time but he knew those ads were worth more than the extra time on stage. In fact, the bookends would make all the stage time more valuable. They linked his Super Bowl performance to his other project with Salesforce. The network finally agreed. The ads ran. The animation worked. And that’s why I believe…
will.i.am: No, no, no. Check this out. And then I was like, “Yo, can we get the Black Eyed Peas logo to be on the field?”
HOFFMAN: That’s right. Having pulled off a previously unimagined sponsor integration, will.i.am is just getting warmed up. The Super Bowl is a pretty big gig. But Will knew he could make it bigger. Not content to simply perform on stage, he wants the Black Eyed Peas’ logo on the field as part of the choreography. But the NFL had a strict “no logo” policy on their turf.
will.i.am: They were like, “You cannot write anything on our field.”
I was like, “What about U2’s logo?” U2 wrote “love”.
“What about Rolling Stones?” They had their lips. That’s a logo, there’s no words.
“What about Prince?” Prince had his symbol, no words.
HOFFMAN: What you’ll want to listen for is the way Will strategizes, not just for the Black Eyed Peas but also for the headphone company Beats, in which he was a part owner.
will.i.am: I was like, “Okay. What if we used ‘love’? But the stick of the ‘L’ and the ‘O’ to create a ‘B’.” They were like, “Okay.”
HOFFMAN: The NFL said OK. And during that epic 2011 halftime show, the word “love” did appear, colossal and glowing with LED lights on the darkened field. But here’s the thing: The word “Love” doesn’t light up until nine minutes into the 10-minute show. The rest of the time, it’s just a “B,” a “B” that stands for Black Eyed Peas – but also just happens to look exactly like a certain logo.
will.i.am: So I put a massive Beats logo in the center of the field. The NFL didn’t know what we were doing. And our number, when we do “Boom Boom Pow” – “I be rockin’ them beats!” – I have everybody in the light-up suits form an arrow, and lean forward so they could point to the “B.” I was like, I have an arrow that’s pointing to what you need to pay attention to.
HOFFMAN: Most musicians would consider the Super Bowl a big opportunity in itself. They’d prepare their performance and take the applause. But Will didn’t see a single opportunity, he saw a way for his opportunities to multiply. He leveraged the Super Bowl to the benefit of three brands: the Black Eyed Peas, Beats, and Salesforce. Think of each brand as one panel in a tri-fold mirror, where each panel reflects not just the band or the brand but each other’s reflection as well. Angle it just right, and the compounding reflections will stretch to infinity.
I believe you should never settle for a big opportunity when you can leverage it into something epic. A win on the scoreboard isn’t enough when you can change the whole game.
HOFFMAN: I’m Reid Hoffman, co-founder of LinkedIn, partner at Greylock, and your host. I believe you should never settle for a big opportunity when you can leverage it into something epic. A win on the scoreboard isn’t enough when you can change the whole game.
And before we go any further, I have a confession to make: I am a Super Bowl skeptic. Will and I couldn’t help but laugh about this during the interview.
HOFFMAN: I frequently get pitched on, “We should go do a Super Bowl ad.” Right? Because it’s like, it’s your debutante moment. Everyone will pay attention to you. I’m usually like, “That’s totally vanilla, don’t do that. That’s the generic thing that everyone is doing.”
So I’m usually the negative voice on this. And yet, you did some amazing things around the 2011 Super Bowl ad.
will.i.am: Boy, did we.
HOFFMAN: will.i.am’s Super Bowl story clearly challenges my long-time view. And it also shows how you can take the big opportunities that come your way – the ones most people would just be grateful for – and turn them into something bigger still.
I wanted to talk to will.i.am about this, because his ability to identify and compound opportunities is like nothing I’ve ever seen. You probably know him as a musician, the founding member of the Black Eyed Peas. He was also an original partner in the headphone behemoth Beats, and he’s had a wearable consumer-tech company, called i.am+. And there’s his foundation, bringing STEM programs to schools. Then there was that time he was Director of Innovation at Intel. And that other time he wrote the song for the iconic “Yes We Can” video during the 2008 election.
By the way, will.i.am also co-hosts a great podcast called “Pivot to the Future” and I had the fun of being his guest. His co-host is Omar Abbosh, the Group Chief Executive at Accenture. His guests: some of the biggest names in business. The topic: how companies are continuously reinventing themselves to thrive in our digital age. And reinvention comes naturally to will.i.am. He rejects the received definition of limits. And it starts with how he grew up.
will.i.am: I was raised really poor. But my creativity was my currency. It kept me out of trouble. Trouble meaning the local gang didn’t bother me. Trouble meaning being bullied for being poor going to a very rich school didn’t happen because I was the creative, William. “William, do that little rap you were doing.”
HOFFMAN: You can hear in that story how Will learned to move between worlds.
will.i.am: If people call me “William,” they know me from school. They call me “Willy,” they know me from my neighborhood. The call me “Will,” it’s work.
HOFFMAN: When Will was still in high school, he formed a hip hop group that would eventually become The Black Eyed Peas. They gained some traction in the underground hip hop scene, opening for bigger acts like Macy Gray and got some regular play on MTV. They had a distinct sound and a devoted niche audience. And then there was this stylistic shift toward something a bit more mainstream. Like any entrepreneur who spies a bigger audience or bigger opportunity, Will decided to pivot.
will.i.am: That was rebellion. Not a pivot.
HOFFMAN: Sorry! There was this rebellion.
will.i.am: We started off as an underground jazzy hip hop group, and my ex-girlfriend worked at this underground record store. She got upset with me, the community got upset, when MTV chose to play our song seven times a day.
She said, “That’s why you guys are pop.”
I’m like, “What do you mean we’re pop? We’re not pop.” She used that as a stabbing thing. I was hurt that she said that.
I was like, “You know what? Just to show them, I’m going to leave this world and I’m going to shoot for a bigger audience.”
HOFFMAN: Will took that insult, and turned it into possibility. His band was already finding success: consistent MTV and radio play, touring gigs, screaming fans, the works. But Will wanted more. He saw a window to create a bigger opportunity. He’d change his sound and change the game.
will.i.am: I want to make music for people, not just people that like what I like – and that’s harder than making underground music. Making music for people that like what you like, that’s pretty easy. You know exactly what they want to hear. But trying to get other walks of life – old, young, Muslim, Jew, black and white, male, female – that is freaking hard.
HOFFMAN: Notice the way Will articulates this crucial insight about scale.
will.i.am: I want to make music for people, not just people that like what I like.
HOFFMAN: Will wanted to move beyond the people who already knew him and liked him. In the music world, that’s called “going pop.” But it relates directly to the business world. In startups, we might call that “gaining traction” or “expanding beyond your early adopters.” Will has a lot to share about going mainstream without losing what made people love you. I asked him about his playbook.
HOFFMAN: You said, “Okay, I’m going to go do this.” What was the next step?
will.i.am: To study the people that have done it over and over again. I studied Lionel Richie and Commodores songwriting, Stevie Wonder songwriting, and Bob Marley.
Bob Marley was making Rastafarian music. But the thing in common that he had with the Beatles was the chord progressions. You know like 1-4-5s, and all these different chord progressions. That’s the commonality between a hit and not-a-hit. And why jazz is jazz, and obscure music is obscure music. The ones that work share a lot of these chord progressions.
HOFFMAN: In other words, this was much more than a marketing push. The change was foundational. Will wanted to create music that created leverage. And to do that, he had to build a different foundation underneath his music. A foundation that could support massive, compound growth. The key, as it turns out, was chord progressions. I find that as fascinating as Will did:
will.i.am: I was like, “Get the F out of here. Are you serious bro?” I studied more and more and more and applied that songwriting to the Black Eyed Peas.
HOFFMAN: This new approach to songwriting set the Black Eyed Peas up for massive growth. But Will’s insight applies to more than just songwriting. It’s a kind of leverage that starts at the beginning, at the foundation of anything you build. In business, you might need to innovate on the go-to market strategy, rebuild your code base, or create a new differentiated hiring strategy. Whatever your foundation, a metaphor might help:
Imagine you’re a kid playing with wooden blocks. You want to build the tallest skyscraper you can. You want to be the Frank Gehry of your kindergarten. As an industrious little builder, you realize that a super-tall tower starts with a solid foundation.
But there’s a limit to how stable that tower can be, because it’s still made of blocks that can slide apart. A strong breeze, a careless door slam – that tower’s coming down.
Now swap those wooden blocks for, say, LEGO bricks. That tower can go higher and higher. It can be 114 feet tall with 550,000 pieces. (That’s the current record anyway.) Interlocking bricks give you leverage. Instead of a single precarious tower, you can build an entire skyline.
And it was this kind of leveraged thinking that Will brought to his music. He didn’t randomly write catchy tunes. He strengthened his music’s foundation, based on the building blocks proven to work.
And he brought this thinking to the band itself. He knew they needed a brand he could leverage into ever-bigger opportunities. It’s a page he took from the business world.
will.i.am: When I started working with ad agencies, they had a brand bible, where for every product they had a font, a color scheme. That’s when I started applying all that stuff to the Black Eyed Peas. We had a color scheme, a font, and chord progressions that associated itself with that.
HOFFMAN: When did you start realizing that you had to be creative not just in songs and performances, but also in the way that you thought about music as an industry, music as a product, music as a service?
will.i.am: Yeah, it was because I had a manager that was from New York, and didn’t know how to drive. So I had a car and I would drive him to our meetings and sit in the meetings and listen.
HOFFMAN: Driving your manager around town might strike you as an obligation, but Will saw an opportunity to gain leverage.
will.i.am: Like, “What? What do you mean publishing? There’s a separate deal I have to get other than just a record deal? What do you mean, mechanical royalties? What’s that?”
HOFFMAN: Will started to train his eye toward ever bigger opportunities. But his focus was still on making records. Then he wrote his first song for a TV commercial, and a lightbulb turned on.
will.i.am: Once we had music out, I saw how much money I made selling records versus how much money I made being lucky to have made a song for Dr. Pepper. I moved my mom out the ghetto with a 30-second song. Meanwhile, the two albums that I made that were like two hours worth of music, I had $20,000 in the bank. That’s when I realized there was a different world.
HOFFMAN: This realization – that there’s a different world – may resonate with many of you listening. Because it’s not just about a musician who discovers marketing budgets. It’s anyone who realizes there’s more money to make, more value to create, more impact to have when you gain leverage.
So Will learned a lot in those early meetings. The biggest lesson? The value of meeting – with producers, with marketers, with brands. Each new connection creates a new way to find leverage.
will.i.am: I like to network. Because those fields usually never come across the talent. There’s always some medium there, some manager or some agent. I wanted to interface directly with the executives at record companies, like Jimmy Iovine, or the executives at ad agencies.
HOFFMAN: Jimmy Iovine is, of course, the legendary music producer and co-founder of Interscope Records. He’s also the co-founder of Beats Electronics, so you can tell he’s going to stay in this story. Jimmy’s first big hit as a producer was a collaboration between Bruce Springsteen and Patti Smith, and he built his career on unexpected pairings, working with artists from U2 and Tom Petty to 50 Cent, Eminem, and Dr. Dre.
will.i.am: Jimmy told me something one day that sticks with me. He was like, “Will, you’re the kind of person that if you stay at the table long enough, you’ll figure it out. You just got to figure out a way to stay at the table – or be the table.”
I’m like, “What? Be the table? What?” Mind blown.
HOFFMAN: “Be the table.” It sounds like a Zen mantra, but it’s great business advice. Being at the table means you’re in the room when life-changing opportunities present themselves. Being the table means you’re the one creating and leveraging those opportunities. It was in meetings with Jimmy himself that Will learned how it was done.
will.i.am: Jimmy loved having different disciplines in the room. So say, for example, at 1pm I had a meeting with Jimmy. Classic Jimmy Iovine is that your 1pm would start at 2, but you’ll be sitting in the room with the meeting that lingered. And here is the guy from Activision. So now there’s three people in the meeting.
Then your meeting that was supposed to start at 1, that started at 2, now his 3 o’clock is there. Now it’s four people in the meeting, and his 3 o’clock is the guy from MySpace. And then we’re all in a room, trying to figure out how to get in front of the eyes and ears of people.
HOFFMAN: If sitting in on his managers’ meetings taught Will how the business works, sitting in on these meetings with Jimmy showed him something else: how partnerships create their own leverage.
Whether it’s finding a cofounder for your startup or a brand collaborator for your company, teaming up with unexpected partners can grow opportunities – not just linearly, but exponentially.
It’s like the scene in Ratatouille, the Pixar film. Remy the Rat is explaining to his brother why two complementary foods in combination taste better than each one individually. They taste first berry, then cheese; then berry and cheese together. Colorful fireworks flash in their minds! Message: the whole really is greater than the sum of its parts.
And this is the insight that lets you leverage a big opportunity into something truly epic. I wanted to show you another example of how this plays out, so I took a look at a stunning project beginning on the New York City waterfront. It started, like many epic projects, in the wake of disaster.
JEREMY SIEGEL: Lower Manhattan, along with a lot of neighborhoods in New York City, were very hard hit during Hurricane Sandy. The Con Ed substation on 14th Street blew. And it famously caused everything south of 34th Street to go dark.
HOFFMAN: That’s Jeremy Siegel, an urban designer with Bjarke Ingels Group, also known as BIG. And the first thing you need to know about BIG is that they share Will’s capacity to leverage big projects into something epic. In one of their most famous projects, they won a bid to redesign a power plant in Copenhagen, and they turned it into a four-season artificial ski slope, which also had the world’s highest climbing wall on its exterior.
In New York, they won the bid to protect Manhattan from future storms. It was a billion dollars in federal funding. And the goal was to build a physical U-shaped shield around the southern tip of Manhattan. But Jeremy wanted to build more than a wall.
SIEGEL: When we started our work, we were basically looking for opportunities to take what could be really burdensome, ugly, completely uniform flood protection infrastructure and turn it into something that would be a benefit for the city.
HOFFMAN: Jeremy and his team knew that a giant wall around half the city would be a disaster, cutting entire communities off from the waterfront. So instead, they teamed up with those communities to find out what their infrastructure needs were.
SIEGEL: We basically just started working with the communities and neighborhood by neighborhood put forward a series of options from really basic flood walls that would block people off from the waterfront, to, what if it’s urban furniture that’s helping to stop the water? What if it’s buildings? What if it’s park land?
Neighborhood by neighborhood, we started to see what the needs and desires were, and that’s what ended up informing our proposal. So the “Big U” is actually made up of a series of little “U”s.
HOFFMAN: Jeremy’s team won $335 million to implement this series of delightful little coast-protecting “U”s. New Yorkers, if you didn’t know about the Big U project, you will soon. Its size and scope goes way beyond what could have been just a wall.
SIEGEL: Essentially rather than building a wall, we’re building an elevated park. So the park itself will be what stops the water from coming in when you have a big storm surge like Hurricane Sandy. We’re adding all kinds of recreational spaces, space to sunbathe and have picnics, the kinds of spaces that don’t really exist in the park today.
And it’s also not just BIG. We’re working with huge teams of engineers, landscape architects, ecologists, economists to make the right decisions. You can’t do this stuff alone.
HOFFMAN: Jeremy and his team at BIG took the big opportunity of protecting the New York City coast, and leveraged it into something epic with the help of partners. This is the skill will.i.am started cultivating while sitting at the table with Jimmy Iovine and others. I was curious if that helped him spot the opportunity with Apple.
HOFFMAN: Right, so you succeed. Then you start applying that, and doing the same kind of synthetic fusion to other things. You see, for example, the iTunes platform coming, and you go, “There’s some amazing stuff we can do here.”
will.i.am: iTunes was a… At that point in time nobody knew. For me to be like, “Yo, I knew it was going to be big”? I didn’t know.
HOFFMAN: Will may not have known that iTunes would be big but he knows an opportunity when he sees it. So when Apple needed a new song to help launch their brand-new product – the iTunes Store – Will saw a big opportunity he could leverage into something with epic potential. And so did Jimmy.
will.i.am: Jimmy says, “You know Will, Apple is coming out with this new product called iTunes.” Nobody knew what that was. “It’s going to help us fight Napster.” Because he brought the catalog from Universal Music over to Apple.
HOFFMAN: And at this point, Will has been “in the room” enough to know he had to get leverage early on. He started angling for his percentage.
will.i.am: When they came to us and said, “Hey, they want to use a Black Eyed Peas song for the commercial,” my first instinct was, “Well, how much are we getting paid? Because Dr. Pepper paid me a whole lot of money.”
They’re like, “You’re not getting paid any money. Apple doesn’t have that type of budget.” They said, “They’ll give you some Apple computers and laptops.”
HOFFMAN: This was a curveball for Will. If the iTunes Store was going to be such a big deal, why wouldn’t they pay for a song? And it would have been logical to pass on the commercial and wait for something that gave him more leverage. But something about this potential partnership with Apple captured Will’s imagination. He had a lifelong love of Apple as a brand, dating back to his youth and using an Apple IIC.
will.i.am: The Apple is my instrument. I’m more a coder than I am a musician. I just wanted to share my enthusiasm, and love, for open Apple everything. This is the language for me, I create with this. I just wanted to share that.
HOFFMAN: Will had no way of being sure the iTunes Store was going to take off. But he loved Apple as a brand, and he said “yes.” The Black Eyed Peas helped unveil the iTunes Store in 2003. And if you’re wondering how it all worked out – there’s a reason you’re hearing my voice on a podcast.
Will and the Black Eyed Peas leveraged that launch into numerous product launches that followed.
will.i.am: Like when Verizon started VCast, we were there. When Nokia started Comes With Music, launched that with them.
HOFFMAN: Will started looking closely at the business model he’d been a part of, in which the art is used to sell the product. It’s a model that’s existed since before the gramophone, a fact that Will talks about regularly. When the music in the ads feels vital and current, consumers will want that music and that device, right now. Will saw a new and epic opportunity in the making.
And we’ll hear all about it… after the break.
[AD BREAK]
HOFFMAN: Before the break, Will had worked with Apple on the launch of the iTunes Store, followed by a series of other products. Will saw the massive potential of using art to sell a hardware product. Another lightbulb went off. He pitched Jimmy Iovine on an idea.
will.i.am: One year, 2006, I come home, and I’m like, “Jimmy, why don’t we make our own hardware? And use our own music to sell our own hardware.”
HOFFMAN: Will saw a path to greater and greater leverage. If version 1.0 was “A soda company will license our song for a lot of money,” version 2.0 was “Apple will license our song for no money, but will leverage an epic brand opportunity.” And version 3.0? Well, Jimmy needed some convincing.
will.i.am: I’m like, “Jimmy, why don’t we make our own hardware? And use our own music to sell our own hardware.” He’s like, “Will, that’s why they call it hardware. It’s hard. What do you mean, make our own hardware?”
“Let’s do our own hardware, Jimmy. That would be amazing.” And that’s how we started Beats.
HOFFMAN: What was the initial, “Well actually in fact this channel by which we’re using music could actually be the way of creating an entire industry, which people wouldn’t have normally thought of around headphones, around high-quality hardware product,” which, as he said, is hard.
will.i.am: I saw the trust that people have with musicians – especially the good ones, the great ones. They’re vulnerable, and the audience knows they’re vulnerable. And the audience leans on the musician to relate to them. There’s no other industry that exists that way – not politics, not corporations. Music and people, it’s this other-world thing.
If Bob Marley was alive today he would have… I don’t know what product he would have. But he would have a product that people will adore. Maybe medical marijuana, maybe you’ll have Bob Marley CBD or something like that. But now that it’s legal.
HOFFMAN: Yes, exactly. With the Rastafarian, exactly.
will.i.am: Legalize it!
HOFFMAN: Because that was among, kind of the thing that is not just being creative in the music, but creative about how the business comes together, about how different industries touch each other, how they can actually reinforce each other.
HOFFMAN: It would take some time before Jimmy would bring this hardware idea to Dr. Dre. As the story goes, they ran into each other on the beach in Malibu, and Jimmy learned that Dre was thinking about starting his own sneaker line. Famously, Jimmy retorted, “Forget sneakers. Let’s make speakers.”
Interestingly, will.i.am isn’t often mentioned in the official Beats origin story. But Jimmy never forgot where the inspiration to get into hardware came from.
will.i.am: The kind of person Jimmy is – he could have just ignored that I brought up the hardware discussion and gave me some finder’s fee or seed creation money. To have me part of the company just shows his loyalty in building those networks.
HOFFMAN: The Beats brand exploded onto the music and lifestyle scene. And true to form, just as Jimmy Iovine didn’t forget Will, Will didn’t forget Beats. He did everything in his considerable power to highlight the Beats brand. Beats headphones and speakers are everywhere in Black Eyed Peas videos and songs. As Will mentioned earlier, there’s a line right in the middle of their song, “Boom Boom Pow.”
will.i.am: “I be rockin’ them Beats!”
HOFFMAN: Will even wore them while being interviewed live on CNN in 2008. He was on screen next to the legendary poet Maya Angelou, talking about Barack Obama’s presidential campaign, sporting a pair of Beats headphones, with their signature lowercase “b”, casually around his neck.
And now we’ve come almost full circle back to will.i.am at the Super Bowl, sneaking a giant Beats logo past the NFL. But wait, there’s one more level to this partnership still.
In 2014, Beats was bought for $3 billion dollars, creating a massive payday for its founding shareholders. The buyer? None other than Apple.
It’s very tempting to end our journey here. We’ve traveled from Will’s Apple IIC in his childhood classroom to a post-Jobs Apple buying Beats for a record sum.
But if you think that this sale ended Will’s quest for ever-larger opportunities, you haven’t really been listening. Will has ventured deeper and deeper into the tech world since that 2011 halftime show. And he’s continuing to develop ideas that could turn into the next big – really big – thing.
HOFFMAN: Tell me about your workspace. As I understand it, it’s literally called “The Future”.
will.i.am: Yeah. When I was at Beats I would come up with these wild ideas. Some of them would get heard, a lot of them didn’t. I would get frustrated, like, man, I just need my own team.
HOFFMAN: This is a continuation of the lesson he learned with Beats: artists benefit when they own the tech, not just when they help sell it.
will.i.am: When I got some disposable money, I got this building. Jimmy was like, “Why you got this? What are you going to do here? What is this?”
I was like, “Jimmy, you don’t understand. I’m going to have my developers right there. I’m going to have like a recording studio and stuff.”
“Why are you going to have a recording studio next to developers?”
“Then I’m going to have my CNC machine, and my hardware stuff over there.”
“What is this for?”
I was like, “Jimmy, you don’t understand, man. In the future hardware companies are software companies and content companies. I want to prepare for that. Apple being a hardware company starting iTunes tells you that maybe they’re going to want to do and make their own content. I want to prepare for that. I want to have my studios and my developers all in the same house so we don’t have to go and find marketers to sell our stuff. If I have culture in the place that’s creating stuff that’s going to change culture, I want it all to come from us.”
“But what’s your product? How are you going to have a building before a product?”
I was like, “We’re going to figure out the product.”
Turns out I was batshit crazy for having an empty vessel and then figuring it out later. We figured it out.
HOFFMAN: In 2012 he founded his own tech startup, i.am+. It began as a consumer tech company, focusing on wearables. One of their first product rollouts was the foto.sosho, an iPhone accessory that looked like an Instamatic camera. Another? Fashion-forward earbuds called Buttons that look exactly like what their name suggests.
But Will was looking to go bigger. Of course. Their flagship product? It came from an idea he had back when he worked at Intel.
will.i.am: When I worked at Intel I helped the futurist department, I said, “Well, why don’t you guys create your own operating system if no one is building an operating system on your mobile chipsets?”
That’s what gave me the “aha moment” that “When I get some disposable money, I’m going to create an operating system. How hard could it be?” Anyways, turns out to freaking impossible, let alone hard.
HOFFMAN: Yes, exactly.
will.i.am: But we did.
HOFFMAN: i.am + developed Omega, a new AI interface that Will says will be better than Siri or Alexa. Their goal is to create an AI voice-activated interface with better context awareness, like a Siri that has gotten to know you. In 2017, i.am+ raised $117 million in venture financing, a large portion of that VC funding came from Salesforce Ventures. You remember: from the 2011 Super Bowl.
will.i.am: Marc Benioff has been there every step of the way, they’ve invested in every round.
HOFFMAN: As you’ve no doubt noticed, will.i.am’s career offers an almost infinite number of examples for how you can leverage a big opportunity into something truly epic. From building a solid foundation to “being the table,” Will has mastered leverage. But there’s one aspect of leverage we haven’t touched on yet: timing.
When you’re building scale, it isn’t just about moving fast. It’s often about leveraging an event or a moment that can give you liftoff. Sometimes you’re racing against a competitor; sometimes you’re racing toward your own rocket launch, and sometimes, when you’re will.i.am, there’s an actual rocket leaving the planet for Mars. We’ll let Will set the scene.
will.i.am: I’m on tour and I called Ron Conway, and I’m like, “Ron, do you know the guy that created the Segway?”
ROBOT VOICE: Ron Conway is a Silicon Valley super-angel investor. The Segway is a two-wheeled motorized personal vehicle.
will.i.am: He was like, “I don’t know the guy that owns the Segway company, but I know the guy that created the technology behind it.”
I was like, “Can you connect me with him? I want to figure out a way to take the governor off, because I found this team that I want to test out to take the technology and create a new type of vehicle. But I don’t want to create a vehicle that goes 30 miles an hour. Can you take the governor off, is what I want to ask him?”
HOFFMAN: If you didn’t catch that, Will is wondering whether it’s possible to remove the speed regulator on a Segway, which, it turns out, is very dangerous, and its inventor, Dean Kamen, told him as much. But the two got to talking, and Kamen offered Will a quid pro quo: I help you with your vehicle – you help me with something too.
will.i.am: He’s like, “I have this thing called FIRST.”
I was like, “What’s FIRST?”
“That’s the problem, I’ve been doing it for 20 years and nobody knows about it!”
HOFFMAN: FIRST is the high-school robotics competition Kamen founded. He thought maybe Will could come to the event’s kickoff and lend a little star power.
will.i.am: He says, “I need you to help me make FIRST cool.”
I was like, “I can’t help you make it cool, it’s already cool. It just needs to be a little louder.”
HOFFMAN: I like thinking of these escalating opportunities this way: like a volume knob you can just ratchet up to 11. “Loud” translates into a wider audience; a bigger impact. Loud lets whole other communities hear you outside your own.
will.i.am: I was like, “But, why don’t you make a TV show?”
He was like, “Nobody wants to put a robotics competition on TV.”
I was like, “Well, I just bought time on Fox. Why don’t you call up ABC and buy time?”
HOFFMAN: Does this sound familiar yet? Will is still using those lessons he learned from the Super Bowl, about how to parlay air time, how to move it around, and how to shape it in creative ways.
will.i.am: I called up ABC and said, “Hey, how much does an hour cost? I want to create a program called First Robotics: i.am FIRST for a robotics competition, and a concert.”
I got the Kids’ Choice Awards and Nickelodeon to do that. Then Dean helped me get companies like Boeing and Johnson & Johnson to buy the ad buys. It was great. No one lost any money, Obama kicked it off, brought a whole bunch of recognition and eyeballs to it.
HOFFMAN: Instead of begging the network to air a noble ratings loser, Will restructured the event and sponsorships in a way that would attract attention, which attracts more sponsors. He turned a favor into a mutually beneficial gift.
Pulling this off required every one of the leverage techniques we’ve looked at so far: a rock-solid foundation of an established competition with real scale; unexpected partnerships that are bigger than the sum of their parts; creativity as capital to bring value to the partnership. And just like the Super Bowl halftime show, each separate element of the FIRST Robotics Competition reflected back onto another, amplifying the event as a whole.
And what happens? Well Will doesn’t just settle for that big opportunity, he leverages it into something epic.
will.i.am: Because of that, NASA then called me up to JPL to help them think around their stuff.
HOFFMAN: That’s right. NASA called. They saw Will’s work for the FIRST Robotics program and thought, “This is the man to invite to our Jet Propulsion Lab and direct more eyeballs to the launch of our Mars rover, Curiosity.”
will.i.am: I was like, “Well, why don’t you have a concert at a rocket launch?”
They was like, “We can’t have a concert at a rocket launch, a rocket launch is too loud.”
I was like, “Well, have you been to a rock concert?”
He was like, “Will, have you ever seen a rocket take off? I mean, yes. A rock concert is loud, but a rocket launch. You’re not going to get anywhere near the rocket launch to have a rock concert. The blast radius is just… No. It’s going to be pointless.”
HOFFMAN: And loud.
will.i.am: And loud.
HOFFMAN: Eventually, Will hit upon a better idea: He’d write a song specifically for the Curiosity mission.
will.i.am: I was like, “Okay, well, what happens when the rocket lands on Mars?”
“It sends the signal back.”
“Well, instead of sending a signal back, why can’t it send a song back? Can you do that? To all the classrooms across America?”
“I never thought of that. Well, who’s going to make the song?”
“I’ll make you the song. I could make it.”
HOFFMAN: That song, “Reach for the Stars,” became the first song ever to be transmitted to Earth from another planet. Students and special guests gathered at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Lab in Pasadena to watch the broadcast. And just because will.i.am never, ever passes up an opportunity to go bigger, the event was also used to – let me count these out:
1) Promote a separate STEM initiative for Will’s foundation.
2) to raise awareness for NASA. And…
3) to promote the song itself, which would soon appear on Will’s solo album, #willpower.
That is how you leverage a big opportunity into something truly epic, on an inter-planetary scale.
will.i.am: My mom calls me the little engine that could. I said, “Hey, I want to shoot for the stars.”
It was like, “But what if you don’t make it?”
I was like, “Well, then I’m off the planet. If I shoot away from here, I’ll get off the planet.”
HOFFMAN: I’m Reid Hoffman. Thanks for listening.
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The village of Gwayi – Kingcome Inlet is the main village site of the Dzawada’enuxw and the current population base is about 100-120 depending on the time of year. The total membership of the Dzawada’enuxw is approximately 580 with the majority of members living off reserve. The community is extremely isolated with travel in and out by seaplane or by boat only. The village is located upriver in the Kingcome Valley; about a 30 minute boat ride from the inlet. All goods must be brought up river by open punt from the government dock in the Inlet where planes and water taxis land. The river is no longer safe for planes to land and there is no dock along the river or near the village.
The Dzawada’enuxw Band is the main employer with a staff of approximately 20 people. Logging and Fishing were once the mainstay of the community’s economic base but both industries have decreased to the point that they are almost non-existent. Most of the traditional land has not been developed with the exception of logging which has left its mark. There are approximately 500 members registered.
The Dzawada’enuxw have five “legal” reserve sites: Gwayi, Charles Creek, Belle Isle, Kwages (McIntosh Bay), and Kukwapa (Fly Island). The Dzawada’enuxw have never ceded their title or rights to any of the land within the traditional territory.
The band has signed a Forest Range Agreement that is in the process of being renewed as it expires in 2012.
The community of Gwayi has a church, soccer field, Old Bighouse, New Bighouse, Health Centre, Elementary School, Band Office and approximately 45 homes. The School goes up to grade 7, at which time the children are forced to board out for grade 8-12. Language and Culture is a concern and reviving these has been identified as one of the most important issues.
In September of 2010, the community was hit hard by a flood and members were evacuated out of the village with damage of approximately 3 million left behind. About 20 homes took water into the main living space.
DFN Website
The band runs on an elected AANDC system and the current council is comprised of:
Elected Chair, Hereditary Chief: Willie Moon 250-974-2000
Councilors: Melissa Willie, Midori Nicolson, Tania Dick & Lucy Puglas
Band Manager: Robin Dawson
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Inspire, Perspire, Expire
As of now my It's All About You blog will be monthly. I've decided to go this way for several reasons. One is my personal situation at the moment means I don't have the time (or the energy) to keep chasing people to take part.
The second is that finding people is ten times harder than I imagined. While I wasn't expecting to be awash in people volunteering themselves, the fact is there's been hardly any who've done so: I've had to ask almost everyone so far. And that takes time and energy, things I don't always have at the moment.
Of course I knew from the start that I'd be spending a fair amount of time looking for creative people and chasing them up. Most have been kind enough to consent, a few didn't want to, and there's a few more that have said yes but are too busy right now.
This may not be rocket science, but it is all a bit of an adventure so one must expect ups and downs. One thing that does surprise me is that more people don't want to get involved. Actually I'm quite disappointed by this as I thought that most creative people would jump at the chance of getting themselves some free publicity. Of course, people don't have to join in, and they also have to decide whether the effort they put in is worth the rewards. When I first started this there were no numbers, but I can tell you now that the average viewing figures for unique visitors is anywhere between 500-800 per posting, which isn't bad at all.
Some people believe that they can't write for toffee, so have to overcome all sorts of negative feelings before they can put pen to paper, so there's clearly psychological barriers too. That said, I don't think most of us would struggle to write 500 words or so about our inspiration and work. Being creative means working hard, much harder than non-creative people imagine. You'd think that those of us who decide to take on the art and publishing worlds single-handidly are not afraid of writing so little. But you'd be surprised at how many very talented people have said that they'd struggle with the writing. Writers have no such excuse though - so I'm keen to find out why more writers don't jump in.
If you review the people who have taken part and the quality of their writing and their thinking, I think you'll see that anyone who participates is among good company. I do try to maintain a certain editorial standard but I am always keen to maintain the original work as much as possible. Allowing the writer to say pretty much what they want in their own way are key points for me.
One thing's for sure, the world of blogging is a live and on-going experiment. Yes, there are setbacks and frustrations, but there's also a lot of positives. It's been an interesting experiment so far, and I've learnt a lot from doing it. But the best bits have been reading about what inspires other creative people and knowing that the IAAY has benefited and encouraged other people with their creative activities. Which is all the inspiration I need to carry on.
P.S. it's never too late to join the IAAY, so get in touch if you'd like to be featured in the next posting. See the guidelines for more details.
Poetry or Death?
One of the driving forces behind my writing is the desire to express myself in any way I choose. So I'm not going to limit my words and imagery because it might be, to some, a little too unreal or or unconventional and break accepted writing conventions or go against current publishing fashions.
I think that to be a writer, in fact to be any kind of artist, you have to be breaking rules on a daily basis. If you're not, you're not really trying; you're staying within the boundaries set by other people and your/our own limitations.
Art is not about following rules.
It's easy enough to say that I will break the rules and not give a damn - but at the same time I also want enough commercial success to retire from being an employee and regain control of my life.
Can I do that and break the rules? Surely staying within the rules is the fast path to success? I suppose it can be, but that's about the best I can say.
What about breaking the rules to succeed? Loads of poeple have done it this way. Many have stayed true to themselves and their art and won. Given that there is no garantee of success either way, why should we bother to stay safe?
One of the problems we face nowadays is that the marketing depts of publishers are very focussed on what sells, so they like genres, something that is easy to sell, something that slots straight into the current template - fast and easy, bang, bang, bang and it's done.
You can't blame them for that. But it's not all they do. There are reams of books out there that break the rules or aren't a safe read - and the first that leaps to mind is The Road by Cormac McCarthy.
It's not exactly a comfortable read is it? It's grey and dirty and depressing from start to finish, but I still think it's great, as are all his other books.
So, given that publishers are willing to stick their necks out, why do we as writers/artists stay within the rules, within our own comfort zones?
This is a question I ask myself again and again as I dream of writing the sort of story that I really want to write, whilst doing my best to ignore the demons that crawl around inside my head urging me into pastel green pastures with paths, easily accessed and well worn, with no surprises and no food for the soul.
So my advice, assuming I'm qualified to give any, is to follow what you think is right; write what you want and write it for you. Bring poetry into your work and dare to find your own images and way. You should also gather a few supporting friends, friends who will speak the truth and want you to achieve the best you can.
I'm still struggling with this, and I expect that struggle to go on for a long time. My thanks and love go to those who help me to realise better things, it's because of you that it will happen.
Welcome to IAAY number nine!
This week it's all about British writer and editor, Marian Newell, whose first novel was inspired by childhood memories of the Cinque Ports and their lurid smuggling folklore.
It’s All About Marian Newell
It’s All About Charles Dickens
A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens (1859)
It is a far, far better thing that I do, than I have ever done; it is a far, far better rest that I go to than I have ever known.’
This must be one of the greatest closing lines in fiction, quite an achievement when you remember that the book has a cracking opening line too. The words moved me to tears when I first read them in my late teens, and the nobility of the protagonist’s sacrifice retains its power for me still.
This book shaped my taste in fiction, making me seek grand themes and psychological depth. Most of all, it piqued my interest in motivation. I want to get to know characters as if they were real people, and I want to understand what they want and why they act as they do.
One of the grand themes in this story is redemption. It asks whether a worthless life can be redeemed by a single noble act. It also invites us to consider whether the sacrifice has less value because the life is worthless, a burden to the man who sacrifices it.
The quoted words are finely crafted, using the literary device anaphora — the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses. This occurs throughout the book and underlines the recurring theme of doubles. There are the two cities of the title and the two characters so alike that they can be repeatedly mistaken for one another.
For me, though, the power of the quote is in the satisfying resolution it gives to the story. An ending that might have been unbearably sad is lifted by the fact that death holds no fear. There is utter confidence that the path taken will leave everyone, including the man who forfeits his life, better off.
A sense of closure remains important to me. I often find stories that end ambiguously to be unsatisfying. While recognising that there is value in personal interpretation, I usually prefer to know what the storyteller means rather than to discover my own meaning in their work.
A Devil’s Dozen by Marian Newell (2012)
This, my debut novel, is a fictionalised account of real events. It describes the rise and fall of a smuggling gang that operated on the Kent coast in the 1820s. The tale demanded a strong focus on historical detail and actual incidents but my own interest was more in the nature of the fourteen viewpoint characters. I wanted to use fiction as a tool to look beyond the recorded facts.
It struck me that any group of that size includes a variety of people, doing similar things but for a range of reasons. Having read as much as I could about the time and place, I considered how the men might have differed in their backgrounds and circumstances. The motivations of the characters that I created range from need to greed, from the wildly irrational to the coldly calculated.
My story is unlike A Tale of Two Cities in that it has a factual core and doesn’t impose specific themes on what took place. However, and with no comparison to Dickens’ mastery of the form, I do see ways in which my work was influenced by his. Much of the impact of the sacrifice in A Tale of Two Cities comes from its unexpected source. Our expectations are often confounded: people we consider reliable may let us down, while people we dismiss may surprise us. I tried to cast against type when I allocated actions derived from contemporary local rumours to the individuals I had characterised.
Returning to endings, the optimism of mine certainly owes a debt to his. I was mindful of the importance of opening and closing chapters and considered my personal favourites. It was Rebecca (‘Last night I dreamt I went to Manderley again.’) and A Tale of Two Cities that sprang to mind.
My manuscript originally ended on a reflective and slightly sad note. During the editing process, I revised it to conclude in a more forward-looking way:
‘You sees that, boys? Paul? Tommy? You sees it?’
Tommy looked at Pierce, who closed his mouth and swallowed. They all stared at each other for a moment or two, then Pierce cleared his throat and shouted back.
‘We see it. By Christ, Quacks, we all see it.’
I had lacked the confidence to stop at this point but feedback made me realise that cutting what came afterwards would make the ending stronger. Readers would be able to see what the future held, just as my characters were seeing it.
I wonder if Dickens knew all along that his story would end with the uplifting sentiment we read in the final version. I suspect he probably did.
Book’s website
Welcome to IAAY number five!
This week it's all about Australian composer and guitarist Simon Imagin, whose skills at both have to be heard to be believed - fortunately you can do that by following the links below. And if you happen to find yourself in Melbourne, make sure you get to see him live - I know I will.
IAAY is published every Wednesday (yes, all of them), so there's plenty of time for you to join in too! Contact me via the comments or via Twitter: @mickdavidson.
It's All About Simon Imagin
It’s all about JS Bach
JS Bach's music has been a huge inspiration for me as a composer, musician and person.
I first discovered Bach as a teenager studying classical piano. I had no time for the pomp and circumstance of the classical world - I just needed to know how people like Bach accessed the music which seemed to flow through them in rivers of intertwining melodies.
Music filled my head but seemed stuck there for the time.
I was learning Bach's 2 & 3-Part Inventions and was comparing various recordings to show me different approaches. Most were performed efficiently but said very little to me. Then I heard Glenn Gould's versions.
Not only did he have a total technique and understanding of the music, but this eccentric Canadian was allowing the music to take him over. Everything was coming out of the moment that both Bach and Gould had found themselves in.
Gould's 1981 recording of Bach's Goldberg Variations is the one I visit the most. Amazingly a film was made of it.
Now, although I am not anywhere near either man in skill, as a composer I had a small Bach/Gould experience in 2009 when I experimented with writing music in one sitting - virtually slow-motion improvisation. Bach often gives me the feeling where he is just as interested where the piece will lead as any listener so I decided to follow my inner ear with an open mind and see what I could come up with.
I started by inventing a short and simple melodic fragment that lasted a bar or two - just a few notes that suggested a rhythm. I wrote out the logical extension of that line until I had a nice musical statement that went for 4, 6 or perhaps 8 bars. Next I added a supportive bass melody and maybe a third inner line. If anything didn't quite sound right I erased and rewrote but I was always moving forwards and working steadily one bar at a time and not letting my attention wander too far.
When I found that I had a cohesive chunk of music (or "A part") I continued with writing a complementary (or completely different) "B" and "C" part using the same procedure. I also came up with an intro and outro to bookend the piece. The process wasn't far from that 'kindergarten feeling' of making something with the objects at hand. At the end of the session I had a two page composition and left it on the table. The next day I played through it and was amazed at it's originality.
Not allowing myself to feel too smug I wrote 'piece two' and each night or so I added another until I had completed 36 complex pieces in the space of 60 days. Some nights I felt more tired but that seemed to help the music to come out more easily as I wasn't questioning the process. With a few small revisions these were arranged into six suites of six pieces each and they now form the bulk of my setlist. It amazes me how many simple moments added together can lead to such richness.
The notes are out there for us all I believe and we can catch them in our butterfly nets if we keep an open ear and are patient. Here are simple run-throughs of pieces 2 and 20.
You can contact Simone via his email address: simonimagin at gmail dot com
You can get a free copy of my first novel, The Darkness Beneath, by following this link - but hurry! Only the first 100 people to sign up can claim a free copy. *Terms and Conditions apply.
Who me? No, you! IAAY is going from strength to strength in terms of responses, visitors and new participants. Rebecca Venn's contribution topped out at about 800 visitors in less than five whole days, which is excellent. Well done Rebecca!
Both Rebecca and Maureen's stories have proved to be excellent examples to others and I've now got at least the next four weeks booked up. But there's plenty more room inside for you to talk about your creative inspiration, so get in touch and let's get you jammed into space too.
Next week's edition will, as it's the 4th July, feature another American (they've taken over the world, now they're taking over my blog...) in the form of writer Tonya Cannariato. And in the week or so after that we will have guitarist extraordinaire Simon Imagin, from Melbourne, Australia.
This week I will be mostly in the UK, all week in fact. Mainly in the office, the rest will be sleeping, though I'm hoping to slip in a visit to my sons, a few friends and the Tate Modern. I may have to reverse time to get some of this in. And to do that I have to stop writing this blog and start cranking Big Ben backwards now!
Welcome to IAAY number two! This time it's all about Rebecca Venn, who is a superb water-colourist and pencil-wielder. She's had many exhibitions and her work is one of the main attractions in fine art collections around the USA and Europe.
Rebecca gained her BA in Art from Brescia College in Owensboro, Kentucky. That said, she considers herself self-educated rather than self-taught as she has searched out artists whose work she admired and studied under them.
Ultimately she taught Life Studio at UW Parkside, and a variety of workshops at the Charles A. Wustum Museum in Racine, Wisconsin and The Clearing in Ellison Bay, Wisconsin.
It's All About Rebecca Venn
It's All About Elizabeth Sparhawk Jones
Deciding on one artist that has influenced or inspired me is a daunting task. I think I have, without realizing it, been affected on many levels walking through the Chicago Art Institute and seeing vision after vision that crept into my dreams at night and no doubt appear on the tip of my paintbrush in the morning. And so many are men. I love many of them and it is easy to choose one, so I do not. I choose Elizabeth Sparhawk Jones.
She was a surprise for me. Seeing her stunning painting one day entitled “The Shoe Shop”. I wanted to know more. In it you can hear the rustle of the skirts and marvel at the crisp white blouses that are a uniform and sensual attire at the same time. And those brush strokes make me marvel.
When she was at her peak she won a prestigious award that she was to collect in Europe but her strict parents would not allow it. Gradually she sank into mental illness. After many years she reappeared and became successful once again. Her work was never the same though. It is as if her spirit, once shattered, is now viewed through the lines glued together, distorted, holding the vessel of her talent together, but not the same.
I choose her and her magnificent artwork as inspiration when days are hard. It is her determination, her brilliance, her fragility and her talent that I admire. I am not fond of her last work, but this earlier work was so very beautiful. In a time when success was hard for a woman she shown like a star, unable to be ignored.
This painting is titled “Swimmer I”. It is a watercolor measuring 17” x47”. Originally it was a movie that inspired it. The move was an HBO film titled “Angels In America”. At the end of the film the actor tells the story of the Fountain of Bethesda. I loved the idea of the healing aspect of that story with the water washing over the person and transforming them to wellness, spiritual and physical.
When this artwork was exhibited, many people would call it “the Swimmer” so I renamed it. The original inspiration is personal and viewers bring their own stories and I love that. It is probably why I leave an unfinished quality to a lot of my work so that the viewer can have room to experience their own visions.
This subject of water and the human form is a passion for me. We are a large percentage water and I find that I tend to return often to watercolor and the human form. It is the risk of watercolor that excites me. It makes me crazy and happy at the same time. It is like life. Risky and joyous. It is flux. It is flow. It is sensuous.
You can contact Rebecca via the following:
Twitter - @Rebecca5002
Website - www.rebeccavenn.com
*Terms and Conditions apply: you can get a free copy of my first novel, The Darkness Beneath, by following this link - but hurry! Only the first 100 people to sign up can claim a free copy.
It's All About You - Time to Get the Excitements On
This Wednesday an unsuspecting world will wake/be already awake/fall asleep to the news that my very first It's All About You blog will be published.
And our first contributor will be the very marvellous writer and extremely industrious Maureen Hovermale. She'll be catapulted into the digital stratosphere on the 20th June.
It's All About You will then appear every Wednesday and will probably vary a bit for a while as I'm sure I'll have to get all experimental on the format.
I've already got five people lined (three writers/two artists) but I'm greedy and want more contributors, and I want them now! And any of these could be you. Yes, that's you I'm talking to, the one looking at your computer or other handy digital device.
I want to know what turns you on about being creative: what book or work of art gave you the wanna-do's and the I-must's? And when you did done or were all must-ered out, what did you produce?
I want to know about that too, so it's a great chance to show a slice of your work and tell everyone why it thrills you to have created it. You never know, you might even give someone else the wanna-do's and I-must's - and sharing and spreading the power of creativity has got to be, in my opinion, one of the best things any of us can do.
All you have to do is write 250 words on something or someone that inspired you to go create (and supply the quote or a pic of the art work). The second part features an example of your work and another 250 words on why you like it or how it makes you feel or... well, whatever you like really.
The only rule is that this isn't an opportunity to big up a mate, unless you happen to be mates with Cormac McCarthy or Francis Bacon. That said, it doesn't matter where you are in your career: I want to hear as much from the unpublished or unexhibited as much as I want to hear from those further up the success ladder. All are welcome.
If you want to take part, contact me via my blog's comments or comments form, or on the Twitter: @mickdavidson.
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American Apparel adopts plan to prevent a takeover
by Nicole Ridgway and Cristina Alesci @CNNMoney June 28, 2014: 11:54 AM ET
Why we fired American Apparel CEO
American Apparel is bolstering its defenses following moves by ousted chairman Dov Charney to take over the company.
On Saturday, the company announced that it has adopted a one-year shareholders rights plan in an effort to prevent Charney, or any other person or group, from seizing a controlling interest in the company.
The company's "poison pill" provision kicks in once anyone purchases 15% or more of the company's outstanding stock. At that point, shareholders will be granted the right to purchase shares at $2.75 each in an effort to dilute any potential acquirer's interest.
Related: American Apparel's ousted CEO fights back!
American Apparel (APP) said the plan is in response to documents Charney filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission that expressed his "intent to acquire control or influence over the Company."
On Friday, Charney submitted a regulatory filing with the SEC announcing that he's partnering with investment firm Standard General in an effort to buy large amounts of American Apparel stock.
Charney currently owns 27.2% of the company's stock, according to the filing.
Charney was ousted as chairman earlier this month. An American Apparel director told CNNMoney the decision came after the board learned of "disturbing" information that suggested "misconduct" by Charney.
Allegations of misconduct are not new for Charney, who has faced several lawsuits claiming everything from sexual harassment to assault and battery.
Related: 6 endangered brands
Charney's lawyer Patricia Glaser sent a letter to the company's board of directors last week saying the company acted in "a manner that was not merely unconscionable but illegal."
Charney founded the company in 1998 and took the company public in 2005 at $8 per share. The shares eventually rose to nearly $17. But in recent years, American Apparel has been fighting to stave off bankruptcy.
American Apparel's stock closed Friday at 97 cents a share.
CNNMoney (New York) First published June 28, 2014: 11:42 AM ET
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This start-up wants to evaluate your news sources
by Brian Stelter @brianstelter March 4, 2018: 6:14 PM ET
A startup wants to 'guard' against 'fake news'
A start-up called NewsGuard is evaluating and rating the reliability of thousands of news sources. And it wants to sell this data to tech giants like Facebook (FB) and Twitter. (TWTR)
The stated goal: To help consumers distinguish between sites that are trying to get it right and sites that are trying to trick people.
"What we're doing is no more and no less than telling people the difference between The Denver Post, which is a real newspaper, and The Denver Guardian, which broke a bunch of, you know, completely fake stories right before the election," said Steven Brill, the co-CEO of the new venture. Brill previously founded Court TV, The American Lawyer and and Brill's Content magazine, among other ventures.
He said several dozen journalists will be hired to produce the reviews.
"We're going to solve that problem using, guess what, human beings," Brill said on CNN's "Reliable Sources."
Related: Facebook to show more content from friends, less from publishers and brands
The pitch is naturally appealing to journalists -- he's saying algorithms aren't cutting it, so real-life reviewers are needed to judge reliability.
Brill's co-CEO is Gordon Crovitz, a former publisher of The Wall Street Journal. He said NewsGuard will evaluate "7,500 news sites that account for 98% of engagement with news online in the U.S."
Websites will receive green, yellow, or red ratings. There will also be "nutrition labels" with more detailed information.
The labels "are intended to let readers know if they need to take particular brands they see online with a grain of salt -- or with an entire shaker," Crovitz said in an email message. "These write-ups will describe the mission, history and any viewpoints of the sites relevant to readers."
Related: Mark Zuckerberg is fighting to save Facebook
Brill added: "Imagine coming to a National Review story about affirmative action versus one from the Nation. Both totally legit publications, but unlike the old days when you knew what brands were, on a feed or in a search they both just look like headlines."
NewsGuard will be formally announced on Monday. Axios previously reported that the start-up has raised $6 million from investors.
To recoup the investment, NewsGuard will try to license its reviews and nutrition labels to search and social networking platforms. These platforms, like Google (GOOG), Microsoft (MSFT), Facebook, and Twitter, have come under severe scrutiny for allowing so-called "fake news" to spread.
Brill is reluctant to talk about specific talks with the tech companies, but when asked if there are any signs the companies will pay up, he said yes.
"We're asking them to pay a fraction of what they pay their P.R. people and their lobbyists to talk about the problem," he said on "Reliable Sources."
CNNMoney (New York) First published March 4, 2018: 6:05 PM ET
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35 children taken to hospitals after carbon monoxide leak at LaSalle school
“Schools are supposed to be equipped with carbon monoxide detectors. The janitor told me there is no detector at the school," a fire chief said.
Christopher Curtis, Montreal Gazette
A fireman stands outside LaSalle's Ecole des Decouvreurs after the school was evacuated Jan. 14, 2019. Allen McInnis / Montreal Gazette
For next-day updates to this story, please tap here.
Dozens of children were hospitalized Monday after being exposed to abnormal levels of carbon monoxide at an elementary school in LaSalle.
At least nine students fainted and another will be kept in a hospital overnight for observation, according to Dr. Robert Barnes, associate director at the Montreal Children’s Hospital.
The children are in “perfectly stable” condition, but 10 needed to be transferred to Sacré Coeur hospital for hyperbaric oxygen treatment, Barnes said.
Firefighters arrived at École des Découvreurs on 39th Ave. around 11:35 a.m. and evacuated the school of 300 people. The firefighters traced the source of the carbon monoxide leak to the school’s boiler room.
Urgences-santé spokesperson Stéphane Smith said 43 people were taken to a hospital — 35 children and eight adults. But that number could increase, given that some parents decided to take their kids to the emergency room after picking them up from school.
The Children’s Hospital declared a Code Orange around noon, in order to prep for a potential major emergency resulting in multiple casualties.
In total, 17 patients were treated at the McGill University Health Centre; 16 at the Children’s and one at the Royal Victoria Hospital. All are in stable condition, Barnes said.
The rest were either brought to Sainte-Justine Hospital or another Montreal healthcare centre.
Francis Leduc, chief of operations with the Montreal fire department, said the school’s heating system had malfunctioned.
“Schools are supposed to be equipped with carbon monoxide detectors. The janitor told me there is no detector at the school,” he said. “We’ll be by with our prevention team soon to make sure we keep these children safe.”
A representative from the Ministry of Education said that during a safety inspection last October, École des Découvreurs was found to have a carbon monoxide detector in working order. The school board also said the school had a detector.
“The (building code) says it is recommended but not mandatory to have a carbon monoxide detector,” wrote Francis Bouchard, a spokesperson for the ministry, in a message to the Montreal Gazette. “As for the question of making such devices mandatory, we’ll take the time to study that file together.”
If left untreated, exposure to carbon monoxide can create memory and concentration problems in the long term. Prolonged exposure is fatal.
Carbon monoxide poisoning: What is it and how can it be prevented?
Montreal police and firefighters wait outside Riverside Pool, where children were taken from Ecole des Decouvreurs, on Jan. 14, 2019. Allen McInnis / Montreal Gazette
There were about 40 firefighters on site, most of whom remained long after the children had been removed.
“Once we heard about the symptoms, we knew right away to check for carbon monoxide; it’s something we see a lot,” said Leduc. “Of course, when it’s children involved, it’s always a bit touchy. We have to reach out to parents and if we’re not careful, it can create a panic.”
Gina Guillemette, a spokesperson for the Marguerite-Bourgeoys school board, said staff called 911 when the symptoms began to manifest. The school’s 276 students were transferred to nearby Notre-Dame-des-Rapides elementary school, where they were housed until they could be picked up to go home.
At Notre-Dame-des-Rapides, children and staff were being treated in a city bus. Paramedics affixed oxygen masks to patients and re-evaluated their symptoms on site. Those who were most severely affected were still being sent away in ambulances as of 2 p.m.
Urgences-sante and the fire department responded to calls of children collapsing at Ecole des Decouvreurs in LaSalle on Jan. 14, 2019. Allen McInnis / Montreal Gazette
Some parents fought back tears as they hugged their children after the evacuation. One mother, who picked her three children up at the neighbouring school, told the Montreal Gazette she learned of the evacuation from her cousin.
“It’s the safety of our children — naturally we worry,” she said. “Some of my children, their friends fainted, but mine are OK.”
Rina Gollopeni is a third-grade student whose friends were taken to the hospital.
“(My friend) was coughing too much; I’m worried about her,” said Gollopeni. “I don’t know what happened to (my friends) or how they’re doing.”
Halil Gollopeni, Rina’s father, said the school emailed him about the evacuation Monday afternoon.
“You hear the words ‘gas leak’ and you worry,” he said while walking hand in hand with his daughter. “I was confused about what was going on … but I’m happy Rina is OK.”
It took 17 ambulances to get the children to a hospital and Urgences-santé set up a command centre at the school, according to Smith. He said the children were evaluated after the evacuation and triaged according to their symptoms.
The school will remain closed on Tuesday but should reopen on Wednesday, Guillemette said.
An elderly couple walk with a child after LaSalle’s Ecole des Decouvreurs was evacuated Jan. 14, 2019. Allen McInnis / Montreal Gazette
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Road to Utopia
The Asheville Film Society will screen Road to Utopia on Tuesday, Nov. 22, at 8 p.m. in the Cinema Lounge of The Carolina Asheville and will be hosted by Xpress movie critics Ken Hanke and Justin Souther. Hanke is the artistic director of the A.F.S.
Genre: Musical Comedy
Director: Hal Walker
Starring: Bing Crosby, Bob Hope, Dorothy Lamour, Hillary Brooke, Douglass Dumbrille, Robert Benchley
“For those of you who don’t go to the movies, let me introduce myself—my name is Robert Benchley … well, no matter. For one reason or another, the motion picture you’re about to see is not very clear in spots. Now someone in what is known as the ‘front office’ has decided that an occasional word from me might help to clarify the plot and other vague portions of the picture. Personally, I doubt it. Shall we go?” So begins Road to Utopia with Bing and Bob off on another road, in the fourth—and many say funniest—of their famous “Road” series. If nothing else, it may be their wildest, with a talking fish, a talking bear, Santa Claus and the Paramount mountain all making appearances. And, of course, Dorothy Lamour shows up as a plucky lady in distress and gets a couple of her best songs—“Personality” and “Would You?” For purposes of the film, Utopia is Alaska during the Gold Rush and the marginal plot involves a stolen map to a gold mine rightfully owned by Lamour. There’s not even the slightest attempt at reality. No sooner does Bing walk onscreen in the movie’s framing story than Bob turns to the camera and complains, “And I thought this was going to be an A picture.” It’s that kind of movie. Plus, Bing gets to be in a talent contest competing with a monkey. Who can ask for more?
Now, for those of you who don’t know what a “Road Picture” is—an unthinkable notion to me, but having run into someone who’d never heard of Bing Crosby makes me wary of assumptions—I will explain that it’s a movie that stars Bing Crosby, Bob Hope and Dorothy Lamour in a musical comedy of somewhat slapdash nature that verges on the surreal. There are, in fact, six—or if you’re charitable, seven—of these films. They began quite accidentally with an unassuming film called Road to Singapore in 1940. It starred—in this order—Bing, Dotty and Bob, which was indicative of their box office status at the time. (Lamour would later claim that she was the big star, but then Lamour claimed many dubious things over the years.)
It was a comparatively straightforward story next to the subsequent films—and cast Lamour in her then usual South Seas exotic role—except for some in-jokes about Paramount Pictures and the supposed ad-libbing of Bing and Bob. I say “supposed” because only a handful of things were actually ad-libbed in the strict sense, owing to the fact that the boys both kept gag writers on the set for the purpose of outdoing each other with things that weren’t in the script. Very little of it was their own, but they had the happy facility of making it all sound like it was off-the-cuff—and it caused a good deal of consternation with their co-star (especially, since she was saddled here with a straight role) and director Victor Schertzinger, though Schertzinger realized what it was doing for the picture and let it keep happening. The result was a huge hit that immediately spawned Road to Zanzibar (1941)—a much wilder affair with extended bouts of surreal comedy and a comic role for Lamour. That, in turn, spawned Road to Morocco (1942), which spawned this film, and so on.
Concept-wise, the recipe was simple. Bing and Bob would be low-rent entertainers and/or con-artists who would get in trouble of some kind—here the con game of “Ghost-o” gets busted—and they end up off on the “Road to” wherever, which will be fraught with adventure and on which they’ll run into and fight over Dotty. This was so established by the time of Road to Morocco that the title song included the lyrics, “I’ll lay you eight-to-five that we meet Dorothy Lamour.” That was part of the secret of the films’ success and their appeal—the whole thing was an in-joke that the audience itself was in on.
This afforded the movies a free-wheeling sense where the boys could reference other movies, themselves, their personal lives, their radio shows (and their sponsors—Kraft for Crosby, Pepsodent for Hope), and the previous “Roads.” They could also talk to the camera and just as important any pretense of realism went out the window. This not only afforded the writers an easy out—they could just ignore any corner they painted themselves into—but it gave the entire enterprise a giddy sense of freedom unlike anything before them. And one that has rarely been seen since, come to that—except for perhaps Richard Lester in the 1960s.
Is Road to Utopia the best? Oh, I don’t know. I love the first five films unreservedly and like the sixth, Road to Bali (1953), even though it undeniably feels a little tired. Someone once described Bali as feeling like the work a couple of indulgent uncles and an aunt dressing up “one more time” to please the children, and there’s some truth to that. Utopia is nothing like that. It’s fresh and funny and sharp. You might not get all the period references, but it won’t matter in the overall lunatic scheme of things. It moves too fast and too wildly to much notice.
1.9 K viewsafsasheville film societycranky hankemovies
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Home » Movies » 1985 review: Powerful family drama set at the height of AIDS epidemic
1985 review: Powerful family drama set at the height of AIDS epidemic
M, 86 minutes
Yen Tan is a Malaysian-born American director who lives in Dallas. He was born in 1975 and migrated to America when he was 19, so we can assume he knows nothing directly about what life was like in 1985 for gay men, during the most terrible years of the AIDS epidemic.
How then does he make this small gem of a film so real, so persuasive, so intensely personal and so American?
I’m assuming he has the gay part covered, since almost everything he has made has been about gay characters (Birthday, Deadroom, Ciao, Pit Stop). 1985 grew out of a short film and it’s less about the period than the gulf between cultures within a family.
Jamie Chung (left) and Cory Michael Smith in 1985.
Adrian (Cory Michael Smith) comes home to visit his family outside Forth Worth for Christmas. He is about 23, slim and neat, polite and terrified of his gruff, bullet-headed father Dale (Michael Chiklis), an army veteran. The air between them is charged with distrust and repression.
Adrian’s mother, Eileen (Virginia Madsen), tries to fill the holes in her family with food. Dale’s young brother, Andrew (Aidan Langford), about 12, suffers from acne and the stress of life within a strictly religious family.
Their pastor breathes hellfire and mounts bonfires for the Devil’s music. Andrew still hasn’t forgiven his brother for cancelling a long-anticipated visit to stay with him in New York. Andrew has given up football to concentrate on drama club at school. His father wonders what next.
None of them seems to notice what we can see pretty clearly. He has come home to divulge his secret, but somehow he just can't find the right moment. He can’t even unburden himself with former girlfriend Carly (Jamie Chung), a lovely Korean-American girl who now lives in Dallas.
Michael Chiklis (front, right), Virginia Madsen, Cory Michael Smith and Aidan Langford in 1985.
Yen Tan doesn’t choose the easy path for anything here. He shot it in Super 16mm film, in black and white. It looks gorgeous, but nobody who wants to sell a film that does that nowadays. He employs long elegant takes, in which the actors have to hold the drama. He doesn’t force the emotions, which leaves us to find our own way through. And the dialogue is cut to the minimum, so that the meaning must travel via the imagery. It’s a directorial tour-de-force, but that is only part of the appeal.
What really distinguishes the film is that it gets deep inside this broken family without becoming histrionic or accusatory. Tan avoids any hint of sentimentality, concentrating on the pain instead.
The performances had to be strong to hold up this level of drama and they are, uniformly so. Virginia Madsen has never been more brittle and effective. It’s a small film, but grand in its emotional sweep.
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‘Guitar Hero: The Movie’?
Guitar Hero: The Movie?
in Casting News
Brett Ratner apparently loves the hit video game Guitar Hero so much he wants to make a movie about it. MTV Multiplayer Blog, the network's video game news site, recently spoke with Ratner, who revealed his tenative plans for a movie based off Activision's hit video game series, Guitar Hero.
"I love Guitar Hero and I think it's a part of pop culture. I would love to do a Guitar Hero movie, if Activision would ever let me. I'm trying to convince them, but why would you have a movie screw up such a huge franchise? Not that I would make a bad movie. So that would be cool, to do a Guitar Hero movie. "
If you're wondering about a story for this potential movie, Ratner has some thoughts on that as well.
"It could be about a kid from a small town who dreams of being a rock star and he wins the Guitar Hero competition. One of these dreams-[come-true] kind of concepts."
Ratner's involvement with the game franchise is significant, as he provided the name for the upcoming version of the game, Guitar Hero: World Tour, which is similar to MTV's own game, Rock Band. He has also featured the game in recent music videos he directed for Miley Cyrus, for which he was nominated for Best Director at this year's MTV Video Music Awards, and Mariah Carey and instrumented the Guitar Hero spots from American Idol.
We'll be sure to keep you posted with any developments on this possible movie.
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Peter K. Liaw
Professor and Ivan Racheff Chair of Excellence
Dr. Liaw graduated from the Chiayi High School, obtained his B.S. in Physics from the National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan, and his Ph.D. in Materials Science and Engineering from Northwestern University, USA, in 1980.
After working at the Westinghouse Research and Development (R&D) Center for thirteen years, he joins the faculty and becomes an Endowed Ivan Racheff Chair of Excellence in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at The University of Tennessee (UT), Knoxville, since March 1993. He has been working in the areas of fatigue, fracture, nondestructive evaluation, and life-prediction methodologies of structural alloys and composites. Since joining UT, his research interests include mechanical behavior, nondestructive evaluation, biomaterials, and processing of high-temperature alloys and ceramic-matrix composites and coatings with the kind and great help of his colleagues at UT and the nearby Oak Ridge National Laboratory. He has published over five hundred papers, edited twenty books, and presented numerous invited talks at various national and international conferences.
He was awarded the Royal E. Cabell Fellowship at Northwestern University. He is a recipient of numerous “Outstanding Performance” awards from the Westinghouse R&D Center. He was the Chairman of The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society (TMS) “Mechanical Metallurgy” Committee, and the Chairman of the American Society for Metals (ASM) “Flow and Fracture” Committee. He has been the Chairman and Member of the TMS Award Committee on “Application to Practice, Educator, and Leadership Awards.” He is a fellow of ASM. He has been given the Outstanding Teacher Award, the Moses E. and Mayme Brooks Distinguished Professor Award, the Engineering Research Fellow Award, the National Alumni Association Distinguished Service Professor Award, the L. R. Hesler Award, and the John Fisher Professorship at UT, and the TMS Distinguished Service Award.
He has been the Director of the National Science Foundation (NSF) Integrative Graduate Education and Research Training (IGERT) Program, the Director of the NSF International Materials Institutes (IMI) Program, and the Director of the NSF Major Research Instrumentation (MRI) Program at UT. Several of his graduate students have been given awards for their research and presentations at various professional societies and conferences. Moreover, his students are teaching and doing research at universities, industries, and government laboratories.
Mechanical behavior, fatigue and fracture behavior, nondestructive-evaluation, and neutron/synchrotron studies of advanced materials, including bulk-metallic glasses, nano-structural materials, high-entropy alloys, superalloys, steels, and intermetallics. (Click each area for more information!)
NSF Advanced Neutron Scattering Network for Education and Research (ANSWER) Program
NSF Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship (IGERT) Program
Ph.D., Northwestern: Advanced Structural Alloys, including Bulk-Amorphous, Nano-Materials, and High-Entropy Alloys, Bulk-Amorphous and Nano-Materials Processing, Fatigue and Fracture Behavior, Nondestructive Characterization, including In-situ Neutron and Synchrotron Diffraction and Thermography Detection, and Theoretical Modeling
Technical Advisor for Journal of Metals (JOM)
Key Reader for Metallurgical and Materials Transactions
Chairman of the Flow and Fracture Committee, American Society for Metals (ASM), and The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society (TMS)
Chairman and Member of the TMS Committee on Application to Practice, Educator, and Leadership Awards
2011, 2008, and 2003 Moses E. and Mayme Brooks Distinguished Professorship at The University of Tennessee
2010 L. R. Hesler Award at The University of Tennessee
2007 Distinguished Service Award, the 2007 TMS 136th Annual Meeting and Exhibition
2006 The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society (TMS) Outstanding Service Award
1997 Fellow, ASM International
S. Cheng, Y. H. Zhao, Y. M. Wang, Y. Li, X. L. Wang, P. K. Liaw, and E. J. Lavernia, “Structure Modulation Driven by Cyclic Deformation in Nanocrystalline NiFe,” Physical Review Letters, Vol. 104, Issue 25, p. 255501 (2010).
S. Cheng, Y. H. Zhao, Y. Z. Guo, Y. Li, Q. M. Wei, X. L. Wang, Y. Ren, P. K. Liaw, H. Choo, and E. J. Lavernia, “High Plasticity and Substantial Deformation in Nanocrystalline NiFe Alloys Under Dynamic Loading,” Advanced Materials, Vol. 21, No. 8, pp. 5001-5004 (2009).
S. L. Wang, Y. H. He, X. S. Fang, J. Zhou, Y. Yang, H. Huang, P. M. F. J. Costa, M. Song, B. Y. Huang, C. T. Liu, P. K. Liaw, Y. Bando, and D. Golberg, “Structure and Field-Emission Properties of Sub-Micrometer-Sized Tungsten-Whisker Arrays Fabricated by Vapor Deposition,” Advanced Materials, Vol. 21, No. 23, pp. 2387-2392 (2009).
S. Cheng, A. D. Stoica, X. L. Wang, Y. Ren, J. Almer, J. A. Horton, C. T. Liu, B. Clausen, D. W. Brown, P. K. Liaw, and L. Zuo, “Deformation Crossover: From Nano to Mesoscale,” Physical Review Letters, Vol. 103, No. 3, p. 035502 (2009).
H. Q. Li, H. Choo, Y. Ren, T. A. Saleh, U. Lienert, P. K. Liaw, and F. Ebrahimi, “Strain-Dependent Deformation Behavior in Nanocrystalline Metals,” Physical Review Letters, Vol. 101, No. 1, p. 015502 (2008).
Y. He, Y. Jiang, N. P. Xu, J. Zou, B. Y. Huang, C. T. Liu, and P. K. Liaw, “Fabrication of Ti-Al Micro/Nanometer-Sized Porous Alloys through the Kirkendall Effect,” Advanced Materials, Vol. 19, Issue 16, pp. 2102-2106 (2007).
H. Li, C. Fan, K. Tao, H. Choo, and P. K. Liaw, “Compressive Behavior of a Zr-Based Metallic Glass at Cryogenic Temperatures,” Advanced Materials, Vol. 18, No. 6, pp. 752-754 (2006).
C. Fan, H. Li, L. J. Kecskes, K. Tao, H. Choo, P. K. Liaw, and C. T. Liu, “Mechanical Behavior of Bulk Amorphous Alloys Reinforced by Ductile Particles in Cryogenic Temperature,” Physical Review Letters, Vol. 96, No. 14, pp. 145506 1-4 (2006).
Yan-Dong Wang, Yang Ren, Hongqi Li, Hahn Choo, Michael L. Benson, Don Brown, Peter K. Liaw, Gang Wang, D. E. Brown, E. E. Alp, and Liang Zuo, “Tracing Memory in Polycrystalline Ferromagnetic Shape-Memory Alloys,” Advanced Materials, Vol. 18, No. 18, pp. 2392-2396 (2006).
Y. D. Wang, H. B. Tian, A. D. Stoica, X. L. Wang, P. K. Liaw, and J. W. Richardson, “The Development of Grain-Orientation-Dependent-Residual Stresses in a Cyclically Deformed Alloy,” Nature Materials, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 101-106 (2003).
Selected Patents
Method for Bonding Glassy Metals with Patent Number of I33150, Applicants: Shinghoa Wang, Peihung Kuo, Peter K. Liaw, Guojiang Fan, Hsiaotsung Tsang, Dongchun Qiao, and Feng Jiang. Assignment for Published Patent Application: National Taiwan Ocean University; Foreign Application: Taiwan 096148928, 12/20/2007.
E-mail: pliaw@utk.edu
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Corpography in No-Man’s Land | Re-inhabiting No-Man’s Land.
From its first entrance into the English language, designating a mass burial site for 14th century victims of the Black Death, no-man’s lands exhibit an often violent encounter between bodies and the materiality of the earth. So much so, that a distinction is no longer possible.
In his 1922 essay The Battle as Inner Experience, Ernst Jünger describes how the Fronterlebnis – life on the edges of no-man’s land – dissolves the boundary between body and space, transforming the soldier into an integral part of a frontline ecology: “There, the individual is like a raging storm, the tossing sea and the rearing thunder. He has melted into everything”
The experience Jünger describes is not just a traumatic subjection of the body to mechanised war, but, as Jeffrey Herf notes, an almost erotic rebirth and transfiguration of men into a new, improved community of the trenches that will lead the creation of “new forms filled with blood and power [that] will be packed with a hard fist”. Rather than resort to nostalgia for a pastoral pre-industrialised era, in the no-man’s land Jünger discovers a landscape where body, machine and soil are fused to form “magnificent and merciless spectacles”.
In Svetlana Alexievich’s remarkable book of testimonies from Chernobyl, the wife of one of the firemen who was exposed to extreme levels of radiation described the bio-chamber in which he was placed during his hospitalization in Moscow, and the extensive quarantine measures that isolated the man from the medical staff. To complete his dehumanisation, one nurse referred to the dying man as “a radioactive object with a strong density of poisoning.[…] That’s not a person anymore, that’s a nuclear reactor”. The radical unmaking of the human body to the extent that it is no longer distinguished from the original space of disaster, echoes the violent dissolution of distinctions between body and space that constituted the disastrous corpographies of WWI.
This entry was posted in Main and tagged borders, boundary, chernobyl, chernobyl exclusion zone, e 18, ernst junger, law, no-man's-land, space, trenches, urbanism, violence, war, world war i, wwi on 07/08/14 by russi4nblue.
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Parent Power
August 29, 2016 August 29, 2016 nancyvalko disability, family, futility, law, medical ethics, Simon's Law
During the last few months, I have been writing about efforts by some legislators in Missouri and now Kansas to block the passage of Simon’s Law, a bill that exposed and sought to change the secret futility polices in hospitals that led to the death of Simon Crosier, a baby with Trisomy 18. I even wrote my own testimony in support of the bill.
But now in a stunning development, Dr. John Lantos wrote an opinion editorial in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) admitting that withholding life-sustaining treatment from babies with Trisomy 13 and 18 was really a value judgment rather than a medical judgment:
Thirty years ago, pediatric residents were taught that trisomy 13 and 18 were lethal congenital anomalies. Parents were told that these conditions were incompatible with life. There was a tacit consensus that life-sustaining treatment was not medically indicated. Clinical experience usually was consistent with this self-fulfilling prophecy.
But with social media, this changed. Parents share stories and videos, showing their happy 4 and 5 year old children with these conditions. Survival, it turns out, is not a rare as once thought.”
This survival is even more impressive in light of a related JAMA article titled “Outcomes of Surgical Interventions in Children with Trisomies 13 and 18” which stated that although “The median age of survival was 13 and 9 days, respectively, in children with trisomies 13 and 18”:
Among children with trisomies 13 and 18 who lived to 6 months, survival at age 10 years was 51% and 60%, respectively.
Note that what is changing the former medical perception of “incompatible with life” is not any new medical advance but rather loving parents who refused to accept the predicted death sentences for their babies, insisted on treatment and then used Facebook and other social and regular media to show off their children’s real lives. I call this Parent Power and it is based on love.
That power may help bills like Simon’s Law to finally pass.
DOWN SYNDROME (Trisomy 21) AND PARENT POWER
I personally learned about parent power when my daughter Karen was born in 1982 with Down Syndrome and a severe heart defect. 20+ years before Karen’s birth, children with Down Syndrome were routinely institutionalized as accepted medical practice. But by the time Karen was born, almost all newborns with Down Syndrome went home with their parents and eligible early childhood programs.
What caused this dramatic change?
Again, it was primarily parent power.
Parents like Kay and Marty McGee not only ignored the standard medical advice to institutionalize their daughter but also fought for support and help for their daughter and others like her. They eventually founded the National Association for Down Syndrome in 1960 (http://www.nads.org/about-us/history-of-nads/ )
By working with other parents and reaching out to willing educational, legal and medical professionals, they helped change medical attitudes, the educational system and public acceptance of people with Down Syndrome who are now achieving goals once thought impossible.
Although it continues to be a long-term effort to ensure non-discriminatory medical treatment for people with Down Syndrome or other disabilities, people with Down Syndrome who were once predicted to die at an early age now have a life expectancy of 60 years and are achieving goals once thought impossible.
THE FIGHT IS STILL FAR FROM OVER
Unfortunately and on the heels of the welcome editorial comment on babies with Trisomy 13 and 18, comes the news about the tragic circumstances surrounding the death of little Israel Stinson.
Two-year old Israel died after a judge suddenly and unexpectedly rescinded a court order that prevented a California hospital from removing the ventilator from little Israel before his parents could get an opinion from another neurologist after conflicting medical opinions about whether or not Israel was brain dead.
In this case, parent power was overturned by a single judge after the family thought that Israel was protected by a court order.
Not only is this personally tragic for Israel and his parents but this development also serves to devastate the crucial trust needed in our medical and legal systems.
Ethics and Alzheimer’s –Part One: Why I Can’t “Walk to End Alzheimer’s”
August 21, 2016 nancyvalko family, law, medical ethics
In the 1980s, my mother was diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease, a progressive mental deterioration due to generalized degeneration of the brain. It was quite a shock to the family and at that time, there was an unfortunate stigma attached to Alzheimer’s that led some family members to insist that mom’s illness be kept secret.
At one point, my mother even wound up in a psychiatric unit before we found a good geriatrician, a doctor who specialized in care for older people as well as dementia. My mother eventually died of cancer while in the later stages of Alzheimer’s but she was able to be cared for at home until she died in her sleep the day she went to a nursing home.
After my mother’s death, I was glad to later learn about groups like the Alzheimer’s Association and the development of community resources to help people with Alzheimer’s and their families. It would have been helpful with my mother.
Since it started in 1980, the Alzheimer’s Association is now international and the largest nonprofit funder of Alzheimer’s research . The organization’s public profile has exploded through media coverage of celebrity supporters and fundraising efforts like the “Walk to End Alzheimer’s”, the world’s largest event to raise awareness and funds for Alzheimer’s disease care, support and research.
However, I cannot walk for Alzheimer’s because of its support of embryonic stem cell research as well as concerns about the organization’s position statements on issues like medical treatment and tube feedings. I will be addressing those issues in future blogs.
I do not intend to just single out this organization or portray it as “bad”.
I have been a volunteer for several organizations whose causes have directly touched family members and friends. However, I do examine each organization to determine how and where its fundraising is used before I volunteer to help.
ALZHEIMER’S ASSOCIATION STATEMENT “RESEARCH USING HUMAN STEM CELLS”
This 2011 position statement on their website states:
“The Alzheimer’s Association policy supports and encourages any legitimate scientific avenue that offers the potential to advance this goal, including human embryonic stem cell research; and, we oppose any restriction or limitation on research, provided that appropriate scientific review, and ethical and oversight guidelines and compliance are in place.” (Emphasis added)
Raising funds for research resulting in a cure of any disease is laudable, but without ethical boundaries, such research can cross the line. Embryonic stem cell research necessarily involves the destruction of human lives in their earliest stages and should not be allowed on even just humanitarian grounds, much less funded.
Ironically, embryonic stem cells have been a great disappointment in human research and even very harmful in some cases while ethical, non-embryonic stem cells are achieving great breakthroughs, for example in treating cataracts of the eye and even paralysis.
As a nurse, I have known for decades about the ethically obtained stem cells from bone marrow donors that now every year save the lives of tens of thousands of people with cancer and other diseases.
In fact, my own grandson’s life was saved 3 years ago because of a bone marrow transplant!
So while I appreciate the Alzheimer’s Association’s effort to help people with Alzheimer’s and their families find practical resources for help and support , I cannot walk to raise research money for a group that not only supports embryonic stem cell research but also opposes any restrictions.
CONSCIENCE RIGHTS, CRISIS PREGNANCY CENTERS-AND MORE
August 14, 2016 August 14, 2016 nancyvalko abortion, conscience rights, law, medical ethics
A new Illinois law was just signed by Governor Bruce Rauner with dire implications for pro-life health care providers.
As an August 9, 2016 National Catholic Register article titled “Illinois Law Threatens Conscience Rights, Crisis-Pregnancy Centers” explains, this new law changes the former state Health Care Right of Conscience Act to require that pro-life doctors, nurses and even staff at crisis pregnancy centers present abortion as a legal treatment option and are required to refer, transfer or give information about where to go for an abortion when a woman says she wants one.
While the terminology about other health care options is vague, the law specifically cites:
“family planning, counseling, referrals, or any other advice in connection with the use or procurement of contraceptives and sterilization or abortion procedures…”
Incredibly, this Illinois law also defines conscience rights as merely religious:
“Conscience” means a sincerely held set of moral convictions arising from belief in and relation to God, or which, though not so derived, arises from a place in the life of its possessor parallel to that filled by God among adherents to religious faiths
Ironically, as Kathy Bozyk, who operates the Southside Pregnancy Center in Chicago notes, while she is required by the law to discuss the alleged benefits of abortion and refer women to abortion providers, abortion businesses are not required to make referrals to crisis-pregnancy centers.
Instead, abortion groups like the National Abortion and Reproductive Rights Action League (NARAL) continue to actively fight crisis pregnancy centers, accusing them of false and misleading information as well as threatening women’s safety. They are a strong force working to get laws like this passed.
There is an unfortunate and surprising assessment of the law in the NCR article from Robert Gilligan, executive director of the Catholic Conference of Illinois:
According to the article, Mr Gilligan said that although the Conference was disappointed that the governor signed the law, the Catholic Conference was able to negotiate, with opposing parties, a revision to the original bill that the state’s 43 Catholic hospitals can live with, saying with regard to the requirement to refer, transfer or provide written information on where to find an abortion facility :
He said co-sponsors of the bill said even simply ripping out the pages of a phone book with names of all the local OB-GYNs in a certain area would be enough to comply.
If accurate, is this a helpful or even realistic response?
Fortunately, we have courageous, front-line health care providers like Kathy Bozyk who refuse to comply, Illinois Right to Life continuing its opposition and pro-life legal groups like the Alliance Defending Freedom (ADF) who filed a lawsuit in state court against Governor Rauner on behalf of The Pregnancy Care Center of Rockford and the Chicago-based Thomas More Society that plans a lawsuit.
It’s important to note that this Illinois law comes on the heels of a December California law forcing pro-life pregnancy centers and state-licensed medical clinics to distribute information on where and how to obtain a state-funded abortion or face fines of $1000 a day.
So it is imperative that all of us throughout our nation work to ensure that strong conscience rights be upheld, strengthened, correctly defined and even expanded to include all health care ethics issues, especially in the face of possible or actual assisted suicide laws.
Conscience rights are essential to help us protect our patients from a healthcare system that is increasingly succumbing to a “culture of death” mentality.
Can We Choose to Live?
August 6, 2016 August 29, 2016 nancyvalko advance directives, brain injury, dementia, disability, end-of-life, futility, medical ethics, Simon's Law
In a 2016 study “What does “futility” mean? An empirical study of doctors’ perceptions” in the Medical Journal of Australia distilled this definition from the majority of responses:
Futile treatment is treatment that has only a very low chance of achieving meaningful benefit for the patient in terms of:
improving quality of life;
sufficiently prolonging life of acceptable quality; or
bringing benefits that outweigh the burdens of treatment
Alarmingly, the article also states: “Doctors may reach a view that treatment is futile, informed by their definition of futility and clinical indicators such as functional status, disease severity, and age.” (Emphasis added.)
Over 10 years ago, I wrote an article “Futility Policies and the Duty to Die” about little-known futility policies being promoted, even in Catholic hospitals. These policies allow doctors and ethics committees to overrule patients’ or families’ decisions to continue care or treatment when a person’s prognosis or “quality of life” was considered too poor.
In February, I wrote about the still not passed Simon’s Law here in Missouri that exposed the secret futility policies that led to the death of Simon Crosier, a baby with Trisomy 18.
However, a couple of weeks ago, a horrified nurse friend showed me two health care directive she recently received as a patient. One was from a Catholic health care facility and the other was a standard Missouri durable power of attorney directive . The wording in both made her question whether such futility policies were now being incorporated into such directives.
I understand her concern.
THE CATHOLIC DURABLE POWER OF ATTORNEY FOR HEALTH CARE DIRECTIVE
A person signs such a directive in order to have a family member or other trusted person make health care decisions when they are incapacitated. An legally incapacitated person is defined as a “Person unable to make rational decisions or engage in responsible actions. Mental and/or physical deficiency, disability, illness, drug use causing temporary or permanent impairment.”
“Living wills” and other advance health care directives, invented by so-called “right to die” groups, claimed to give people the power to choose at the end of life
Remembering the prolonged dehydration deaths of Nancy Cruzan and Terri Schiavo, two non-terminally ill but severely brain-injured women said to be in the so-called “persistent vegetative state”, a person might sign a directive but want to prevent such a terrible death for himself or herself.
However, while this Catholic directive has a section to make such a decision, it also an asterisked section attached to both withdrawal and refusal of withdrawal:
I DO NOT AUTHORIZE my Agent/Proxy to direct a health care provider to withhold or withdraw artificially supplied nutrition and hydration (including tube feeding of food and water) as permitted by law.*
*(In a XXXXX health care facility, nutrition and hydration may be withheld or withdrawn if I have an irreversible condition which is end-state or terminal AND if the means of preserving my life have likely risks and burdens which outweigh the expected benefits or are disproportionate without a reasonable hope of benefit.) (Emphasis added)
Using such terms as “end-state or terminal” could, for example, apply not only to a “persistent vegetative state” but also to Alzheimer’s or other dementia. “Artificially supplied” could encompass a simple IV while the asterisked section inexplicably does not even include the words “artificially supplied” before the food and water. Along with using terms like “disproportionate without a reasonable hope of benefit” without stating who makes that determination or what the criteria is for benefit, the average person could be understandably confused in a real life situation.
THE MISSOURI DURABLE POWER OF ATTORNEY DIRECTIVE
Many, if not most, Missouri hospitals have this directive.
This directive has a section stating:
If I am persistently unconscious or there is no reasonable expectation of my recovery from a seriously incapacitating or terminal illness or condition, I direct that all of the life-prolonging procedures that I have initialed below be withheld or withdrawn. (Emphasis added)
This list includes not only “artificially supplied nutrition and hydration” but also antibiotics, CPR and “all other life-prolonging medical or surgical procedures that are merely intended to keep me alive without reasonable hope of improving my condition or curing my illness or injury.” (Emphasis added) Note that, according to the directive, a person need not have a terminal illness or be in a coma to qualify for withdrawal.
The next section can seem reassuring if a person has qualms about a decision to withdraw treatment or care being made too quickly or influenced by age or disability. However, the directive only states that such treatments or care may be tried-at the doctor’s discretion-for an undefined “reasonable”period of time before withdrawal. Unfortunately, this section also includes automatic consent to pain relief, even in dosages that can suppress breathing and appetite as in terminal sedation:
3. However, if my physician believes that any life-prolonging procedure may lead to a recovery significant to me as communicated by me or my Agent to my physician, then I direct my physician to try the treatment for a reasonable period of time. If it does not cause my condition to improve, I direct the treatment to be withdrawn even if it shortens my life. I also direct that I be given medical treatment to relieve pain or to provide comfort, even if such treatment might shorten or suppress my appetite or my breathing, or be habit-forming. (Emphasis added)
The Catholic health directive also includes this section, almost verbatim.
With the help of the media, mentally disabling conditions like Alzheimer’s are often portrayed to the public as a fate worse than death and a terrible burden on a family. Tragically, the “right to die” mentality has led many people to conclude that they should die if they develop such conditions or, if dying, that their death may be accelerated to spare their families.
As a nurse who has seen the problems with advance directives firsthand, I helped design my own durable power of attorney advance directive without exemptions or checkoffs that could be misused or misinterpreted. I also educated my husband and family about the medical ethics involved.
As I wrote in my blog Living with “Living Wills”, there are better alternatives available to the standard kinds of advance directives even though no directive is foolproof.
Adequately informed consent is required for legal consent to surgery. Shouldn’t advance directives that involve life or death be held to the same standard before signing?
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The son of a woman of the daughters of Dan, and his father was a man of Tyre. He is trained to work in gold, silver, bronze, iron, stone, and wood, and in purple, blue, and crimson fabrics and fine linen, and to do all sorts of engraving and execute any design that may be assigned him, with your craftsmen, the craftsmen of my lord, David your father. Christian Canvas Art
And when he had taken the scroll, the four living creatures and the twenty-four elders fell down before the Lamb, each holding a harp, and golden bowls full of incense, which are the prayers of the saints. And they sang a new song, saying, “Worthy are you to take the scroll and to open its seals, for you were slain, and by your blood you ransomed people for God from every tribe and language and people and nation, and you have made them a kingdom and priests to our God, and they shall reign on the earth.” Then I looked, and I heard around the throne and the living creatures and the elders the voice of many angels, numbering myriads of myriads and thousands of thousands, saying with a loud voice, “Worthy is the Lamb who was slain, to receive power and wealth and wisdom and might and honor and glory and blessing!” ... Bible Scripture Art
Jacob lived in the land of his father's sojournings, in the land of Canaan. These are the generations of Jacob. Joseph, being seventeen years old, was pasturing the flock with his brothers. He was a boy with the sons of Bilhah and Zilpah, his father's wives. And Joseph brought a bad report of them to their father. Now Israel loved Joseph more than any other of his sons, because he was the son of his old age. And he made him a robe of many colors. But when his brothers saw that their father loved him more than all his brothers, they hated him and could not speak peacefully to him. Now Joseph had a dream, and when he told it to his brothers they hated him even more. ... Christian Canvas Art
Moses assembled all the congregation of the people of Israel and said to them, “These are the things that the Lord has commanded you to do. Six days work shall be done, but on the seventh day you shall have a Sabbath of solemn rest, holy to the Lord. Whoever does any work on it shall be put to death. You shall kindle no fire in all your dwelling places on the Sabbath day.” Moses said to all the congregation of the people of Israel, “This is the thing that the Lord has commanded. Take from among you a contribution to the Lord. Whoever is of a generous heart, let him bring the Lord's contribution: gold, silver, and bronze; ...
Solomon the son of David established himself in his kingdom, and the Lord his God was with him and made him exceedingly great. Solomon spoke to all Israel, to the commanders of thousands and of hundreds, to the judges, and to all the leaders in all Israel, the heads of fathers' houses. And Solomon, and all the assembly with him, went to the high place that was at Gibeon, for the tent of meeting of God, which Moses the servant of the Lord had made in the wilderness, was there. (But David had brought up the ark of God from Kiriath-jearim to the place that David had prepared for it, for he had pitched a tent for it in Jerusalem.) Moreover, the bronze altar that Bezalel the son of Uri, son of Hur, had made, was there before the tabernacle of the Lord. And Solomon and the assembly sought it out. ... Christian Canvas Art
And King Solomon sent and brought Hiram from Tyre. He was the son of a widow of the tribe of Naphtali, and his father was a man of Tyre, a worker in bronze. And he was full of wisdom, understanding, and skill for making any work in bronze. He came to King Solomon and did all his work. He cast two pillars of bronze. Eighteen cubits was the height of one pillar, and a line of twelve cubits measured its circumference. It was hollow, and its thickness was four fingers. The second pillar was the same. He also made two capitals of cast bronze to set on the tops of the pillars. The height of the one capital was five cubits, and the height of the other capital was five cubits. There were lattices of checker work with wreaths of chain work for the capitals on the tops of the pillars, a lattice for the one capital and a lattice for the other capital. ... Share Your Faith Products
So he made two doors of olive wood, and he carved on them carvings of cherubim, palm trees, and open flowers, and overlaid them with gold; and he spread the gold on the cherubim and on the palm trees. So also he made for the entrance of the nave four-sided doorposts of olive wood and two doors of cypress wood; the two leaves of the one door turned on pivots, and the two leaves of the other door turned on pivots. He carved on it cherubim, palm trees, and open flowers; and he overlaid them with gold evenly applied on the engraved work. Share Your Faith Products
Then God said, “Let us make man in our image, after our likeness. And let them have dominion over the fish of the sea and over the birds of the heavens and over the livestock and over all the earth and over every creeping thing that creeps on the earth.” So God created man in his own image, in the image of God he created him; male and female he created them. Christian Canvas Art
Scripture Wall Art is the leader in the vinyl wall decal industry specializing in Bible Verse Wall Decals, Romantic Love Decals, Motivational Wall Decals, Decals for Children, Family Themed Wall Decals, and even wall decals for the Laundry Room. With over 1200 designs, we probably already have what you want, however, if we don’t, we will be happy to make it for you. Bible Scripture Art
Solomon made all the furniture which was in the house of the LORD: the golden altar and the golden table on which was the bread of the Presence; and the lampstands, five on the right side and five on the left, in front of the inner sanctuary, of pure gold; and the flowers and the lamps and the tongs, of gold; and the cups and the snuffers and the bowls and the spoons and the firepans, of pure gold; and the hinges both for the doors of the inner house, the most holy place, and for the doors of the house, that is, of the nave, of gold. Christian Gifts
While I may be a “leader,” I certainly don’t fit the mold. I’m soft spoken, introverted, and don’t exactly share a physique with the superheroes we know and love. But when I started crafting designs featuring my favorite verses and quotes and sharing them, I began to see an unexpected impact. I received emails from team leaders who let me know how the prints had been motivating their employees. Teachers, who had been hanging them in their classrooms. And caring people who had gifted the artwork to friends battling cancer. Share Your Faith Products
For I want you to know how great a struggle I have for you and for those at Laodicea and for all who have not seen me face to face, that their hearts may be encouraged, being knit together in love, to reach all the riches of full assurance of understanding and the knowledge of God's mystery, which is Christ, in whom are hidden all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge. I say this in order that no one may delude you with plausible arguments. For though I am absent in body, yet I am with you in spirit, rejoicing to see your good order and the firmness of your faith in Christ. ... Share Your Faith Products
Moses assembled all the congregation of the people of Israel and said to them, “These are the things that the Lord has commanded you to do. Six days work shall be done, but on the seventh day you shall have a Sabbath of solemn rest, holy to the Lord. Whoever does any work on it shall be put to death. You shall kindle no fire in all your dwelling places on the Sabbath day.” Moses said to all the congregation of the people of Israel, “This is the thing that the Lord has commanded. Take from among you a contribution to the Lord. Whoever is of a generous heart, let him bring the Lord's contribution: gold, silver, and bronze; ... Share Your Faith Products
2 Chronicles 2:14 - The son of a woman of the daughters of Dan, and his father [was] a man of Tyre, skilful to work in gold, and in silver, in brass, in iron, in stone, and in timber, in purple, in blue, and in fine linen, and in crimson; also to grave any manner of graving, and to find out every device which shall be put to him, with thy cunning men, and with the cunning men of my lord David thy father. Bible Scripture Art
Share your faith with others through scripture art, gorgeous contemporary art featuring favorite Bible verses. Offer inspiration to yourself and others using framed canvases, wall peels or posters. Whether the words are found within the New Testament or the Old Testament, art that incorporates scripture into lovely images is sure to inspire, uplift and motivate. Find your guiding light through the Serenity Prayer, John 3:16 or among many more verses available in our scripture art collection. [less]
Scripture Wall Art is the leader in the vinyl wall decal industry specializing in Bible Verse Wall Decals, Romantic Love Decals, Motivational Wall Decals, Decals for Children, Family Themed Wall Decals, and even wall decals for the Laundry Room. With over 1200 designs, we probably already have what you want, however, if we don’t, we will be happy to make it for you. Share Your Faith Products
The Lord said to Moses, “See, I have called by name Bezalel the son of Uri, son of Hur, of the tribe of Judah, and I have filled him with the Spirit of God, with ability and intelligence, with knowledge and all craftsmanship, to devise artistic designs, to work in gold, silver, and bronze, in cutting stones for setting, and in carving wood, to work in every craft. ... Bible Scripture Art
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Archive for the tag “George I”
Plantagenet Ireland and Poynings’ Law
It is fair to say that most medieval English kings had little interest in Ireland except as a source of revenue. (The same was probably true about England and Wales but it seems too cynical to say it, and at least they did live there.)
Prior to the Bruce invasion, Ireland yielded between £5000 and £20,000 a year to the Exchequer. Even the lower figure was a useful sum in medieval terms, bearing in mind that the “qualification” for an earldom at this point was about £666. So in a bad year, Ireland gave the king the equivalent of more than seven earldoms, after expenses.
By the 1350s the net revenue was down to between £1,000 and £2,000, while by the start of Richard II’s reign Ireland was running a deficit. Given the general state of the Exchequer this was a Very Bad Thing and Something Had To Be Done. (1)
Of course, simply pulling out of Ireland and making a saving was unthinkable. Instead various half-hearted measures were tried, and various people lined up to take the place in hand, ranging from Robert de Vere (created Duke of Ireland!) to Thomas, Duke of Gloucester, the King’s uncle. The matter was evidently seen as (relatively) a low priority, and in view of the state of England at this time, this is quite understandable.
Eventually, in 1394, Richard II himself, personally, set out for the Emerald Isle with a well-equipped army 7000-8000 men. By the standards of English military expeditions in Ireland it was extraordinarily successful and well-executed. Not that Richard II gets much credit for it. By January 1395 the various Irish chiefs had begun to submit to Richard and by early Spring the capitulation was complete.
Richard, writing to his Council in England, stated that rebellion arose from past failures of government and that unless mercy was shown his opponent would ally with the “wild Irish”. He therefore proposed to take them under his protection until their offences had been purged or excused. (2)
This conciliatory policy towards the Irish speaks strongly in Richard’s favour. He intended that from now on there should be “liege Irish” as well as “liege English” and he tried to settle some of the many grievances (mainly about land) between the two groups. Of course this was a major task, and probably could never have been completed to everyone’s satisfaction even if Richard had remained in Ireland for ten years. However, it was a settlement of sort.
Unfortunately Richard was forced to cut his visit short due to issues in England, leaving the young Earl of March behind as Lieutenant. March was of course also Earl of Ulster, and in that capacity had land issues of his own., particularly with the O’Neill family. By 1396 March was leading major raids into O’Neill territory, and the short period of peace was under extreme strain. By 1397 Leinster was also in a state very close to war.
In 1398, not long after extending March’s term of office, Richard II decided to replace him with the Duke of Surrey, Thomas Holland. Surrey, Richard’s nephew of the half-blood, was another young and inexperienced man, with the added disadvantage that he had no hereditary lands in Ireland at all. He required, therefore, heavy subsidy from the Exchequer. Before the change could be completed, March had been killed in the fighting, as was his son in 1425.
King Richard now decided on a second personal visit to Ireland. This was a strange decision, given that he had just annexed the lands of Bolingbroke and Mowbray, and that Bolingbroke was in France, poised to invade England. However, we have the benefit of hindsight. Richard had no reason to suspect that the French, his supposed allies, would allow any such thing – and but for a temporary shift in power at the French court, they would not have done.
Richard’s second visit to Ireland was less successful. In a parley between Thomas Despenser, Earl of Gloucester and Art Macmurrough – who styled himself King of Leinster – the latter made it clear he was unwilling to submit. Before much more could be done Richard was forced to leave Ireland to confront Bolingbroke, and Ireland was once again left more or less to its own devices.
It is remarkable that any remnant of English lordship survived Henry IV’s reign, given the state of Henry’s Exchequer and the low priority given to Ireland by a king who was fighting on several fronts, including internal battles against his opponents. But the fact is that somehow, it did. Indeed Irish-based ships co-operated with Henry in the re-conquest of Anglesey.
Henry V and Henry VI were also unable (or unwilling) to give great priority to Ireland. Ralph A. Griffiths states “The isolated administration entrenched in Dublin and its ‘pale’ was more often than not subject to the rough dictates of Anglo-Irish magnates like Desmond and Ormond, and for some time past it had been assailed by a Celtic resurgence among the native Irish themselves that was cultural and social as well as military in character.” (3)
The attitude of the Anglo-Irish peers was to remain key, because unless and until the English government was willing and able to finance significant military intervention in Ireland, their power made them the most effective players on the island. Of course, the rivalries between them meant that the Crown was often able to play one family off against another.
In 1437 the author of The Libelle of Englysche Polycye expressed concern about the state of royal government in Ireland, suggesting the country could become a base for French, Scottish and even Spanish enemies, with whom hostile elements in Ireland could form an alliance. This fear of encirclement explains much of English/British policy towards Ireland over the next several hundred years, although in the short term very little was done about it, not least because England simply did not have the resources. (Such resources as were available were being thoroughly over-stretched in France.)
By this time the Irish revenues were failing to maintain the cost of government there, and even its most senior officers struggled to obtain their salaries. In 1441 it was reported that the charges of the Justiciar of Ireland and his underlings exceeded revenue by £1,456. (4)
In December 1447, Richard, Duke of York took on the role of Lieutenant of Ireland, with a salary of 4000 marks for the first year and £2000 in each of the following years of a supposed ten year appointment. York, who was very much at odds with Suffolk and Somerset at home, was effectively ‘promoted’ to a backwater. Those responsible doubtless thought that it would keep him quiet (and busy) for a long time. He was, of course, Earl of Ulster, and therefore had very significant landed interest in the country.
Not until summer 1449 did York actually set out – from Beaumaris. Even then he did so only because the King pressed him to go. He was received ‘ with great honour, and the earls of Ireland went into his house, as did also the Irish adjacent to Meath, and gave him as many beeves for the use of his kitchen as it pleased him to demand.’ (5)
That Richard, Duke of York, was a successful Lieutenant of Ireland is in some ways surprising. He was an aristocrat to his finger tips, and not generally noted for his people skills. If he had strengths they lay in his relative honesty and relative efficiency as an administrator and soldier. York failed miserably to unite the English nobility behind him, and yet he seems to have been well-regarded in Ireland. (In contrast to John Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury, who was positively hated in the same role.)
York quickly summoned a great council at Dublin which ensured the protection of certain hard-pressed castles and towns and also sought to address some of the more extravagant abuses of the Irish government.
His problem was that the money he had been promised largely failed to appear. He received less than half of what he should have in the first two years, and that was in tallies. After December 1449 he received nothing at all. (6)
This helps explain why York eventually threw in his hand and returned to England.
However, after the debacle at Ludford Bridge, York was sufficiently confident of his welcome to return to Ireland (with his second son, Rutland) and was able to use it as a secure base to plot the overthrow of Henry VI’s government.
York encouraged or allowed the Irish Parliament to pass legislation which left the country almost, but not quite independent, Henry VI’s sovereignty being reduced to little more than a cipher. It was even declared that the introduction of English Privy Seal Letters into Ireland was a breach of the country’s liberties. In return the Parliament voted York men and money, and rejected Henry VI’s attempts to remove York from office. The duke was not quite King of Ireland, but he was something very close.
Thereafter Ireland became strongly Yorkist – even into early “Tudor” times. It may be that York’s almost accidental policy of granting autonomy was the answer to the Question. In May 1487, a young boy was crowned at Dublin’s Christ Church Cathedral (right) as “Edward VI”. He may actually have been the ill-fated Earl of Warwick by that name but is traditionally named as “Lambert Simnel”, who was taken to work in Henry VII’s kitchen after the battle of Stoke Bridge ended his insurrection the following month. In his identification of the boy (7), Ashdown-Hill uses historical, numismatic and physical evidence cogently, as ever, eliminating the other possibilities.
As a result of “Lambert”‘s coronation, Henry VII’s regime decided to control Ireland more closely. The “Statute of Drogheda” (left) (“An Act that no Parliament be holden in this Land until the Acts be certified into England”) was passed in early or mid-1494 and is described as 10 Hen.7 c4 or 10 Hen.7 c9. It is also known by the name of the newly appointed Lord Deputy at the time: Sir Edward Poynings (1459-1521) and specified that no Irish Parliament could meet until its proposed legislation had been approved by the Lord Deputy, his Privy Council, the English monarch and his Parliament. Ireland was thus legislatively subjugated and its status changed again under the “Crown in Ireland Act” in 1542, becoming a kingdom (“An Act that the King of England, his Heirs and Successors, be Kings of Ireland”) under the same monarch as England, in place of a lordship. Curiously, this was in the same year that Wales was subsumed by the Kingdom of England (Laws in Wales Acts). As the sands of the “Tudor” era ran out, the Earl of Essex was sent to suppress another Ulster rebellion but ignored his orders and returned home to aim for the crown. James VI/I’s subsequent plantations filled the power vacuum left by the O’Neills.
Consequently, the “English Civil War” is also known as the “War of the Three Kingdoms”, each of which had a different religious settlement as Charles I’s reign began. Similarly, legend has it that George I expressed to plant St. James’ Park with turnips and asked an aide the price: “Only three crowns, Sire”. Poynings’ Law is still in force in Northern Ireland, whilst it was fully repealed in the Republic as late as 2007.
(1) All figures are from Richard II, Nigel Saul, page 273
(2) For more detail see Saul, p 281.
(3) The Reign of King Henry VI, Ralph A. Griffiths page 411.
(5) Irish chronicle quoted in The Reign of King Henry VI, Ralph A. Griffiths page 421.
(7) The Dublin King, John Ashdown-Hill particularly chapters 1-5.
Posted by sighthound6 in anniversaries, battles, buildings, law, religion and tagged "Lambert Simnel", anecdotes, Anglesey, Art MacMurrough, Beaumaris, Charles I, coronations, Crown in Ireland Act, Drogheda Castle, Dublin Cathedral, Earls of Desmond, Earls of Ormond, Earls of Ulster, Edmund Duke of Somerset, Edmund of Rutland, Edward Bruce, Edward II, Edward of Warwick, English Privy Seal Letters, executions, finance, France, George I, Henry IV, Henry V, Henry VI, Henry VII, Ireland, Irish Parliament, James VI/I, John Ashdown-Hill, John Earl of Shrewsbury, justiciar of Ireland, Leinster, Lieutenant of Ireland, London, Ludford Bridge, Nigel Saul, numismatics, O'Neills, Parliament, Poynings' Law, Ralph Griffiths, repeal, Richard Duke of York, Richard II, Robert Devereux Earl of Essex, Roger Mortimer 4th Earl of March, Scotland, Sir Edmund Mortimer, Sir Edward Poynings, Sir William de la Pole, Spain, St. James' Park, Stoke Field, Thomas Despenser, Thomas Holland, Thomas Mowbray Earl of Norfolk, turnips, Ulster, Ulster plantation, Wales, War of the Three Kingdoms
The real life of the last Stuart
Television history is rarely focused upon Anne (left), except as the final act of the Stuart drama like this or her unfortunate reproductive history in this series. Discussion is, therefore, reduced to the cliches of her fragile family, her weight and her fondness for brandy. She is also omitted from most dramatisations of the time, such as Lorna Doone or By the Sword Divided. Anne was the first Queen Regnant of England to have given birth, albeit through the reigns of her uncle, father, sister and brother-in-law but not her own. She was also the first Queen Regnant of England to be widowed, (except by a few minutes).
The Favourite, a rather bawdy film with Olivia Colman (below left), Rachel Weisz and Emma Stone that is very appropriately named from the awards point of view, ought to be very refreshing from this perspective. To become pregnant on fifteen to twenty occasions requires a husband, George of Denmark, the Oldenburg great-nephew of her great-grandmother and Duke of Cumberland who shared half of her reign. However, he seems to have been omitted from the film, which concentrates on Anne’s friendships with Sarah Churchill and Abigail Hill, th e latter’s cousin, whilst implying rather more about their friendships than the evidence bears out.
Although she was, as she knew before succeeding, the last eligible Stuart, Anne oversaw the formal Acts of Union that crystallised her great-grandfather’s plans, the Act of Settlement that excluded her half-brother and other Catholic claimants and the last refusal of Royal Assent to a Bill. Jeremiah Clarke composed a march for George in 1707, the year before the Consort died, a piece now known as the Trumpet Voluntary. Despite the good will that seemed to flow from the “Glorious Revolution”, William III was widowed for about eight years and failed to remarry – it was this, together with the Duke of Gloucester’s death in 1700, that surely led to the inevitable Hanoverian succession to Anne in August 1714.
Posted by super blue in anniversaries, films, genealogy and tagged Act of Settlement, Acts of Union, Anne, Anne Hyde, Battle of Sedgemoor, BBC2, Catherine of Braganza, Channel Four, Charles II, Charlotte of Wales, childbirth, Clare Jackson, Emma Stone, George I, George of Denmark, Glorious Revolution, Hanoverians, historical drama, illegitimacy, James "VIII/III", James VII/II, Jeremiah Clarke, Mary II, Mary of Modena, Monmouth Rebellion, Olivia Colman, Rachel Weisz, Restoration, Royal Deaths and Diseases, Sophie Electress of Hanover, Stuarts, The Favourite, Trumpet Voluntary, William Duke of Gloucester, William III
Echoes of Minster Lovell?
In 1708, a skeleton is supposed to have been found in a secret chamber of the ruins of Minster Lovell Hall. The legend is that this pertains to Francis, Viscount Lovell, who was known to have fought at Stoke Field in 1487, suggesting that he may have fled back to his home to hide and suffocated as a result.
There are two complications with this legend:
1) Lovell was granted a safe conduct to Scotland on 19 June 1488 by James IV, whose reign had begun just eight days earlier, after his father’s defeat and death in the Sauchieburn rebellion. This does not prove that Lovell ever left for Scotland, indeed it could even have been a bluff on James’ part, implying that the Yorkist adherent was still alive to foment further resistance in England.
2) Minster Lovell Hall had been in the hands of Jasper “Tudor”, Duke of Bedford, for almost two years, making it very difficult for Francis to just stroll into his former home undetected for a game of sardines.
The New York Times and the Smithsonian website here have introduced a very similar case. A skeleton has been found at Leine Castle in Germany and will undergo DNA testing in case it is Count Philip Christoph Konigsmarck, the lover of Sophia Dorothea of Celle and a Swedish nobleman who was last seen in 1694. It is thought that the future George I, Sophia Dorothea’s husband then known as Georg Ludwig, caused or ordered Konigsmarck’s death.
1694 was the year that Mary II died without issue but her husband William III was still to live for eight years. He didn’t remarry but could have done. His sister-in-law Anne was still alive with at least one of her children. The Act of Settlement, which excluded Catholic claimants was not passed until 1701, so James VII/II’s son (James Francis Edward) and youngest daughter (Louisa Maria Teresa) still arguably had claims to the British thrones, as did Sophie, Electress of Hanover, who was Georg Ludwig’s elderly mother and only predeceased Anne by a few months in 1714.
In 1694, Georg was possibly seventh in line and could have been relegated further had William III had children by another wife or Anne’s children survived for longer. The events of the next twenty years, although all natural or legislative, were almost of Kind Hearts and Coronets proportions.
Posted by super blue in archaeology, buildings, Science and tagged Act of Settlement, Anne Bronte, Count Konigsmarck, Francis Viscount Lovell, George I, James Francis Edward, James IV, Jasper "Tudor", Kind Hearts and Coronets, Leine Castle, Mary II, Minster Lovell Hall, mystery, New York Times, safe conduct, Sauchieburn, Scotland, skeletons, Smithsonian Institution, Sophia Dorothea of Celle, Sophie Electress of Hanover, Stoke Field, William III, William of Gloucester
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Archive for the tag “Mary Boleyn”
Films about the monarchy in Britain….
Not that I think William Wallace counts as part of the British monarchy. I don’t believe Old Longshanks would have had any of that! Anyway, to read an article about films concerning various kings and queens, go here.
But where’s King Arthur?????
Posted by viscountessw in anniversaries, battles, films, law, religion, The play's the thing and tagged Alexander III, Andrea Riseborough, Anne, Anne Boleyn, annulments, Arthur, Bannockburn, Braveheart, Cate Blanchett, Chris Pine, Claire Foy, Colin Firth, Dumfries, Earls of Carrick, Edward I, Edward II, Edward VIII, Elizabeth I, Elizabeth II, Elizabeth: The Golden Age, Emily Blunt, executions, George III, George VI, Helen Mirren, Henry VIII, insanity, Jenna Coleman, John Comyn, Judi Dench, Mary Boleyn, Mary Queen of Scots, Mary Stuart, Mel Gibson, monarchs, Mrs. Brown, Nigel Hawthorne, Olivia Colman, Outlaw King, Reformation, Regency, Robert I, Saoirse Ronan, Scarlett Johansson, Scotland, Shakespeare, The Crown, The Favourite, The Hollow Crown, The King's Speech, The Madness of George III, The Other Boleyn Girl, The Queen, The Young Victoria, Victoria, Victoria and Abdul, W.E., Wallis Simpson, William Wallace
THE DEATH OF HENRY VIII
Henry VIII, known as the Hamilton Portrait and once owned by the Duke of Hamilton, this portrait used to be at Holyroodhouse. Philip Mould.
The deaths of all three Tudor kings were protracted and wretched. Whether this was down to Karma, bad luck (or good luck depending on what way you look at it) or just the lamentable medical treatments available at the time, I know not. Perhaps a combination of all three. But I want to concentrate here on the death of Henry VIII.
‘The Death of Kings’ by Clifford Brewer T.D. F.R.C.S is an interesting read and covers the death of Henry in detail. The title is self explanatory, the book being a ‘medical history of the Kings and Queens of England’. I have drawn heavily on the book for the information I quote here concerning Henry VIII, who by strange coincidence died on the 28th January being the date on which his father Henry Tudor was born.
‘Henry, long since grown corpulent, was becoming a burden to himself and of late lame by reason of a violent ulcer in his leg, the inflammation whereof cast him into a lingering fever, which little by little decayed his spirits. He at length begun to feel the inevitable necessity of death. Goodwin Annales of England.
Henry’s symptoms are too numerous to detail here and death must have come as somewhat of a relief to him after much suffering. The actual cause of death is still debated as is did he suffer from syphilis. Brewer points out there is no proof either way and that although , if he had, it could explain some of the ‘happenings in his reign’ there are points which contradict this. For example there is no evidence that his long term mistress Bessie Blount suffered from syphilis which she surely would have contracted from him (neither did their son Henry Fitzroy ever show signs of congenital syphilis). The same can be said of Mary Boleyn or any of his wives.
This is believed to be a bust of Henry as a child. What a mischievous little chap he was, the little stinker…..
He is recorded as having suffered from a bout of malaria with recurrences throughout his life although these did not seem to incapacitate him too much. Indeed he seems to have enjoyed robust health engaging in ‘strenuous exercise and indulged in many jousts and tournaments both on foot and on horse. He did how ever have two lucky escapes both of which could have been fatal. One was a jousting accident where his brother-in-law, the Duke Suffolk’s lance shattered his helm and he was very lucky not to be blinded or even killed’. Then in 1525 whilst trying to vault a very wide ditch using a pole, the pole broke and he was thrown headfirst into the mud where, unable either to get up or even breath, his life was saved by a footman. .
Henry in his prime…a portrait by Joos van Cleve c1530-1535
This jousting injury might account for the belated development of several symptoms. Henry was to alter in appearance and put on a considerable amount of weight, ‘his face become moonlike, burying his small eyes in a puffy face and accentuating his small mouth’. After the execution of Anne Boleyn, Henry became even more prone to fits of temper and instability. His great increase in weight made it difficult for him to take exercise. Henry also developed an ulcer on his leg and Brewer speculates that this ulcer, which was very offensive, ‘and a trial to his attendants’ could have been either a varicose ulcer or the result of an injury received whilst jousting which damaged the bone leading to osteitis. This could have led to further complications – amyloid disease in which a waxy material is laid down in the liver, kidneys and elsewhere. Not a pretty picture. Poor Henry.
Henry, as he got older, became subject of violent attacks of temper and periods of loss of memory. On leaving London on one occasion he ordered all the prisoners in Tower to be executed. His character become more and more unstable and by 1546 Henry had become grossly overweight, his legs so swollen, due to severe oedema, that he was unable to walk and he was moved from place to place by means of lifting apparatus.
Henry towards the end of his life showing the abnormality on the side of his nose which might indicate a gamma that had healed with scarring..by Cornelis Metsys line engraving 1545.
‘Towards the end of January 1547 he begun to suffer from periods of partial unconsciousness alternating with periods of alertness. He was probably passing into a uraemia coma. Realising he was dying he sent for Cranmer but by he time he arrived he had lost the ability to speak. Grasping Cranmer’s hand in his, he pressed it when asked if he repented his sins. This was taken as Henry’s repentance and he ‘died in grace’ ‘ …ummm I don’t think it quite works like that! . However, his huge and offensive body was transferred, with some difficulty, into his coffin. He was then taken to Windsor to be laid to rest beside Jane Seymour. However that is not the end of the story for it is said that his coffin burst a leak and the church was filled with a ‘most obnoxious odour’. And so Henry passed ignobly from this life and into history and the short reign of his son Edward Vl commenced. As it transpired Edward’s death was to be perhaps even more awful that that of his father. But that dear reader is another story.
Henry’s coffin in the vault he shares with Jane Seymour and King Charles I, St George’s Chapel, Windsor.
Here is also a link to a an interesting video.
Posted by sparkypus in anniversaries, art, Science and tagged amnesia, amyloid disease, Anne Boleyn, Archbishop Cranmer, Bessie Blount, Charles Brandon, Charles I, Clifford Brewer, corpulence, death, Duke of Hamilton, Edward VI, executions, Goodwin Annales, Hamilton Portrait, Hans Holbein, Henry Fitzroy, Henry VIII, Holyroodhouse, illness, Jane Seymour, jousting, malaria, Mary Boleyn, oedema, Philip Mould, royal burials, St. george's Chapel, syphilis, temper, ulcers, Windsor Castle
The Great Commoner?
Today in 1768, William Pitt the Elder, known as the “Great Commoner”, retired as Prime Minister after two years’ service. He earned this title by serving in several other Cabinet roles from the House of Commons whilst a succession of peers, such as the Duke of Newcastle, were Premier , although his wife Hester nee Grenville was created Baroness Chatham in suo jure. Pitt’s most prominent widely known ancestor was his paternal grandfather Thomas, who had been Governor of Madras and William himself finally took a peerage, as Earl of Chatham, in summer 1766 when he became Lord Privy Seal as well as Prime Minister, being a peer for almost twelve years.
It is possible to trace his ancestry back further than Thomas, however. Eight generations back, on his mother’s side, are Henry VIII and Mary Boleyn together with the Digby and Throckmorton families of Gunpowder Plot infamy. Hester is even more interesting genealogically in that her ancestors can be shown to include Edward III, albeit by the Beaufort line which was illegitimate in the first instance, as the Careys still are. However, her ancestors also include John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk, leading us to Edward I’s second marriage. Interestingly, of the seventy peerages specifically created for women, Hester and her mother (Countess Temple) both feature among the recipients.
The Pitt children, including John (2nd Earl) and William (the Younger) thus have all of these lines of ancestry.
Posted by super blue in anniversaries, genealogy and tagged Careys, Duke of Newcastle, Edward I, Edward III, Henry VIII, Hester Grenville, House of Commons, Joan Beaufort, John Earl of Chatham, John Howard Duke of Norfolk, Lord Privy Seal, Mary Boleyn, peeresses, Prime Ministers, William Pitt the Elder, William Pitt the Younger | Leave a comment
Father of a Queen: Thomas Boleyn
Two miles from Edenbridge in Kent lies the small but attractive castle of Hever. Originally built in 1270, it was taken over 1462 by Geoffrey Bullen (or Boleyn) younger brother of Thomas Boleyn , Master of Gonville Hall, a constituent college of Cambridge. Geoffrey had a son called William and he in turn fathered Thomas Boleyn, who was probably born at Hever.
Thomas inherited the castle in 1505 and lived there with his wife, Elizabeth Howard, daughter of Thomas Howard Duke of Norfolk and his wife, Elizabeth Tilney (making her the granddaughter of John Howard who fought for Richard III at Bosworth.) At Hever, Thomas and Elizabeth had five children, two daughters, Mary and Anne, and three sons, Thomas, Henry and George, although two sons died young, and the last was eventually executed by Henry VIII.
Thomas is sometimes seen a ruthless social climber willing to do anything to further his ambitions through his daughters (and so he might have been), but he was also quite a notable person before his daughter Anne became involved with Henry VIII. He had escorted Mary Tudor to her wedding to James IV of Scotland and was created a Knight of the Bath at Henry VIII’s Coronation, long before Anne and Henry’s relationship. He also became Sheriff of Kent twice and served as an occasional foreign ambassador. He was made Lord Privy Seal during Henry’s marriage to Anne, but upon her fall and execution, this position was stripped from him, and he died in disgrace in 1538.
He was buried in St Peter’s church in Hever, in a Purbeck marble chest tomb which has upon it one of the finest Tudor era brasses in existence. On the brass, still bright and unworn, Thomas wears his Garter robes and regalia, and a falcon, crest of the Boleyn family, is carved above his right shoulder. Near his tomb is the grave of one of his sons, Henry, who died in infancy—a humble brass cross on the floor marks the spot. Both lie in the Boleyn chantry, near an unusual feature for any church—a fireplace—which was added in sometime during the Tudor period.
(The church also contains another beautiful medieval brass well worth viewing, that of Margaret Cheyne, who died in 1419. It shows great detail of Margaret’s dress and headgear, and two winged angels hover at her shoulders.)
It is worth noting that the pleasant old inn across the road from St Peters, now called The Henry VIII, was originally called The Bull, a play on the name Bullen/Boleyn. Later, local folklore says, it was changed to ‘The Bull and the Butcher’ in reference to Henry’s execution of Anne.
An interesting view on Thomas Boleyn, whose character has been increasing damned in fiction and TV/Film: https://www.theanneboleynfiles.com/in-defence-of-thomas-boleyn-father-of-anne-boleyn/
Posted by hoodedman1 in anniversaries, battles, buildings, genealogy, heraldry, travel and tagged Anne Boleyn, arms, Battle of Bosworth, Cambridge University, Edenbridge, Elizabeth Howard, Elizabeth Tilney, Geoffrey Boleyn, George Viscount Rochford, Gonville Hall, Hever Castle, James IV, John Howard Duke of Norfolk, Kent, Lord Privy Seal, Margaret Cheyne, Mary "Tudor", Mary Boleyn, pubs, Richard III, Sheriff, Thomas Boleyn Earl of Wiltshire, Thomas Earl of Surrey, tombs, William Boleyn
Parallel lives – and deaths?
Many of the facts about Anne Boleyn are well known nowadays. As the second “wife” of Henry VIII, she was beheaded for treason by adultery in 1536. Their marriage was annulled shortly before her execution but it was quite possibly bigamous anyway and invalid by affinity in that Henry had previously slept with her sister. Anne’s last request was that a swordsman be brought from Calais for the purpose and he seems to have obtained a work permit. She left Henry a daughter.
Fifteen centuries earlier, Messallina (1) was the third wife of the emperor Claudius until she too was beheaded, in 48 AD to be precise, for treason by adultery, leaving him a son and a daughter. The facts are rather more confused by the further passage of time and the sources appear to be very partial but the accusations against Messallina are more convincing. Suetonius (2) records that “… it turned out that she was not only guilty of other disgraceful crimes but had gone so far as to commit bigamy with Gaius Silius and even sign a marriage contract before witnesses so Claudius had her executed …”. Graves (3) goes into rather more detail, describing a mock divorce, a “marriage” to Silius, an attempted escape and a surrender to a group of soldiers in the Gardens of Lucullus. He also implies that Claudius’ freedman Narcissus ordered the execution, with or without the emperor’s endorsement.
In the years between these deaths, and more certainly from 400 onwards, executions by decapitation were carried out more crudely, usually with an axe. Anne Boleyn’s special request was the only prominent use of a more humane implement in the British kingdoms, except the Halifax Gibbet (c.1280-1650) and Scottish Maiden (c.1550-1710).
(1) I use this spelling because her father’s name, from which hers was derived, was Marcus Valerius Messalla Barbatus.
(2) The Twelve Caesars, Penguin Classics edition, p.203, note 26.
(3) Claudius the God. A modern novelist wouldn’t normally have such an exalted status but Graves accessed many contemporaneus sources and indeed translated (2) above.
Posted by super blue in Uncategorized and tagged "Tudor" justice, Anne Boleyn, bigamy, Claudius, executions, Graves, Henry VIII, Mary Boleyn, Messallina, sources, Suetonius, swords, treason
Fabricating Precontracts: Richard III vs Henry VIII
On 10 and 11 June 1483, Richard duke of Gloucester wrote to his affinity in the North and asked for troops to support him against the Woodvilles who, he claimed, were plotting his destruction. On 22 June Ralph Shaa preached his “bastard slips” sermon, followed by similar speeches by the duke of Buckingham, and on 26 June a quasi-parliamentary assembly of the Three Estates of the Realm – the nobles, bishops and representatives of the commons who had come to London for the coronation and subsequent first Parliament of Edward V – offered Richard the crown in place of his nephew. Allegedly Robert Stillington, Bishop of Bath and Wells, had come forward and testified that the boy’s father, Richard’s brother Edward IV, had secretly entered into a legally binding marriage contract with Lady Eleanor Butler, daughter of the Earl of Shrewsbury, who was still alive when he, again secretly, married his queen, Elizabeth Woodville. This second marriage was therefore invalid, which meant that young Edward was illegitimate and couldn’t inherit his father’s title.
This was a key turning point: Richard had been staunchly loyal to his brother and all surviving evidence suggests that up until mid-June he had every intention of pressing ahead with his nephew’s coronation. He had sworn allegiance to him, had spent the month and a half since his arrival in London preparing robes and food, issued letters of summons for the 40 esquires who were to receive the knighthood of the Bath on the occasion and even paid £800 of his own money towards the royal household, which appears to have been on the verge of bankruptcy. Moreover, his own political future in his nephew’s government seemed secure: a speech drafted by Chancellor John Russell for Edward V’s first Parliament proposed not only to extend his Protectorate beyond the coronation, but to expand its remit from keeping law and order to in the future also have “tutele and oversight of the king’s most royal person during his years of tenderness”, effectively making him regent.
Nevertheless, some believe that the sudden revelation of the precontract was too convenient to be true. They argue that the executions of William Hastings, Antony Woodville, Richard Grey and Thomas Vaughan and the threat of troops advancing from the North terrified the council – the same council which only two months earlier had successfully persuaded the queen to limit her son’s escort from Ludlow to 2000 men – and the Three Estates into accepting a fabricated precontract so Richard could satisfy his hitherto secret ambition of becoming king. As brother and uncle of kings, Lord Protector, Constable and Lord High Admiral of England, Richard was indeed a powerful man, so could it be true?
The precontract that deposed Edward V tends to be viewed as some kind of exotic technicality, but precontracts were common not only in medieval England, but well past the Reformation and affected all levels of society, even kings. A well documented example is Richard’s great-nephew Henry VIII, who tried to have three of his six marriages annulled because of an alleged precontract. In all three cases the claim was highly dubious, but Henry was not only an anointed and firmly established – if not feared – King of England, but also head of the Church. So how did he fare?
Surprisingly, he failed in two out of three cases. Let’s look at each of them in turn:
1) Anne Boleyn
Henry had defied the Pope and changed his country’s religion in order to divorce his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, and marry his second wife, Anne Boleyn, but in early 1536 their marriage was one the rocks and Henry was looking for pastures new. One of the tools he tried to use to get rid of her was her former relationship with Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland.
In 1527, when Anne had been lady-in-waiting to Catherine of Aragon, a romance had developed between her and Percy and they had become secretly “engaged”, presumbably by making a de futuro marriage vow (“I will marry you”). Henry, who had his eye on Anne for himself, asked his then Chancellor, Cardinal Wolsey, to intervene and “after much debate and consultation about lord Percy’s case it was finally decided that his engagement to Anne Boleyn should be dissolved and that he should instead marry one of the Earl of Shrewsbury’s daughters, Lady Mary Talbot, which he later did.”
The fact that the engagement had been dissolved at his own insistence didn’t stop Henry from claiming now, nine years later, that it was in fact a legally binding contract and therefore invalidated his marriage to Anne. His new Chancellor, Thomas Cromwell, tried to persuade Percy to confess, but he refused to be bullied. On 13 May 1536 he wrote to Cromwell:
“I perceive by Raynold Carnaby that there is supposed a pre-contract between the Queen and me; whereupon I was not only heretofore examined upon my oath before the archbishops of Canterbury and York, but also received the blessed sacrament upon the same before the duke of Norfolk and other the King’s highness’ council learned in the spiritual law, assuring you, Mr. Secretary, by the said oath and blessed body, which afore I received and hereafter intend to receive, that the same may be to my damnation if ever there were any contract or promise of marriage between her and me.”
There’s little reason to doubt his sincerity. His marriage to Mary Talbot was extremely unhappy and in 1532 Mary had tried to get it annulled by claiming that Percy had blurted out during an argument that they weren’t really married as he had been precontracted to Anne. However, when the matter was investigated he swore on the Blessed Sacrament in front of the duke of Norfolk, the archbishops of Canterbury and York and Henry’s canon lawyers that this wasn’t the case. He should have jumped at the opportunity to regain his freedom, but de futuro marriage vows only became binding if followed by sexual intercourse, so if he hadn’t slept with Anne then there was no binding contract.
Faced with Percy’s refusal, the king had to find another reason why his marriage to Anne was invalid. In the end it was declared null and void due to unspecified impediments supposedly confessed by Anne herself, but if she had hoped that this would save her life it wasn’t to be. She was accused of adultery with a number of men, including her own brother, and of planning to replace Henry with one of her lovers, which was treason. All but one of the accused, a musician who had been pressured into confessing, pleaded not guilty, but to no avail. On 15 May Anne was found guilty on all charges and sentenced to death. How she could have committed adultery if her marriage to the king was invalid was not explained. Percy, who sat on the jury that convicted her, fainted and had to be carried out. He died eight months later of natural causes. On 17 May the queen’s supposed lovers were executed, followed two days later by Anne herself, her sentence having been commuted from burning to beheading. Incredibly, Henry had been able to make the unlikely incest charge stick – the spectators at George Boleyn’s trial were betting ten to one that he would be acquitted – but not the claim of the precontract.
2) Anne of Cleves
Henry’s marriage to his fourth wife, Anne of Cleves, was a political match and not a happy one. They were married in January 1540 and by June Henry was actively looking for a way out, complaining that he was unable to have sex with her because she was too ugly, that she wasn’t a virgin and even that she smelled bad. Sir John Wallop, the English ambassador in France, was therefore instructed to speak to the Cardinal of Lorraine about Anne’s former marriage negotiations with his brother, duke Francis of Lorraine.
Henry knew that many years ago Anne and Francis had been contracted to marry; in fact, he had questioned this after meeting her for the first time in a bid to call off the wedding, but her brother’s ambassadors had dismissed his concerns. They declared that they had not only read the agreement, but also been present when the ambassador of the Duke of Gueldres, who had arranged the match, declared it null and void, and promised to provide copies of both the agreement and its dissolution. However, all they had been able to produce was a notarised statement that they had investigated the Cleves archives and found a report which stated that the negotitations “were not going to take their course”. Crucially, they had been unable to confirm whether the marriage contract was per verba de praesenti (“I marry you”) or de futuro (“I will marry you”) and Henry now used this to his advantage.
On 6 July Anne was asked to agree for a church court to investigate her marriage, which she did. The following day a convocation presided over by Archbishop Thomas Cranmer began to consider the evidence and after two days of “mature deliberation” found the marriage “null by reason of a precontract between lady Anne and the marquis of Lorraine, that it was unwillingly entered into and never consummated, and that the King is at liberty to marry another woman, and likewise the lady Anne free to marry.” Specifically, it was argued that Anne’s marriage contract with Francis had likely been per verba de praesenti and therefore binding even without consummation and that, far from not being able to get it up, Henry had deliberately abstained from sleeping with Anne while awaiting clarification of the matter since, if the precontract turned out to be valid, it would have made their children bastards.
On 12 July Parliament announced Anne’s agreement to the annulment of her marriage to Henry, including her confirmation “that she remaineth not carnally known to the King’s Highness’s body”. Henry showed his gratitude by deciding “to endow you with 4,000l. of yearly revenue. We have appointed you two houses, that at Richemont where you now lie, and the other at Blechinglegh, not far from London, that you may be near us and, as you desire, able to repair to our Court to see us, as we shall repair to you. When Parliament ends, we shall, in passing, see and speak with you, and you shall more largely see what a friend you and your friends have of us.” In return Anne sent him the ring she had received for their “pretensed marriage”, asking for it to be broken into pieces. It was a good deal: although she endured public humiliation and had to give up her title as queen, her cooperation with Henry’s wishes not only saved her life, but made her one of the wealthiest women in England.
3) Catherine Howard
Only 19 days after his marriage to Anne of Cleves was annulled, Henry married his fifth wife, Catherine Howard. Like her cousin Anne Boleyn, she was a niece of Thomas Howard, 3rd duke of Norfolk, and her fall from grace was just as spectacular. On 2nd November 1541 Thomas Cranmer, the Archbishop of Canterbury, passed a letter to Henry which alleged that while growing up in the household of her step-grandmother, the dowager duchess of Norfolk, Catherine had affairs with Henry Manox, her music teacher, and Francis Dereham, a servant of the Howard family and now the queen’s secretary. The claims were made by a chambermaid who had shared a dormitory with her. Stunned, Henry ordered an investigation.
The chambermaid and Manox were questioned and Manox admitted that he “had commonly used to feel the secrets and other parts of the Queen’s body”, but denied sleeping with her, unlike Dereham who “used to haunt her chamber rightly and banquet there until 2 or 3 a.m.” Dereham and a number of Howard servants were arrested and sent to the Tower. Dereham confessed under torture that he “had known her carnally many times, both in his doublet and hose between the sheets and in naked bed”, but insisted that this had ended before her marriage to the king and that Thomas Culpeper, a gentleman of the Privy Chamber, had “succeeded him in the Queen’s affections”. Culpeper was arrested, tortured and confessed that “he intended and meant to do ill with the Queen and that in like wise the Queen so minded to do with him.”
On 8 November, Catherine herself was interrogated and made a written confession, in which she admitted to sexual relations with Dereham, but denied that they were contracted to be married:
“Examined whether I called him Husband, and he me Wife.— I do Answer, that there was Communication in the House that we Two should Marry together; and some of his Enemies had Envy thereat, wherefore he desired me to give him Leave to call me Wife, and that I would call him Husband. And I said I was content. And so after that, commonly he called me VVife, and many times I called him Husband. And he used many Times to Kiss me, and so he did to many other commonly in the House… As for Carnall Knowledge, I confess as I did before, that diverse Times he hath lyen with me, sometimes in his Doublet and Hose, and Two or Thre Times naked: But not so naked that he bad nothing upon him, for he had al wayes at the least his Doublet, and as I do think, his Hose also, but I mean naked when his Hose were putt down.”
In a letter to Henry she implied that Dereham had forced himself on her:
“Also Frauncez Derame by many persuasions procured me to his vicious purpose and obteyned first to lye uppon my bedde with his doblett and hose and after within the bedde and fynally he lay with me nakyd and used me in suche sorte as a man doith his wyfe many and sondry tymez but howe often I knowe not and our, company ended almost a yere before the Kynges majestye was maried to my lady Anne of Cleve and contynued not past oon quarter of a yere or litle above. Nowe the holl trouythe beyng declared unto your majestye I most humble beseche the same to considre the subtyll persuasions of young men and the ignorans and fraylnez of young women.”
Catherine clearly hadn’t learnt from the experiences of her predecessors, Anne Boleyn and Anne of Cleves. Admitting to a precontract with Dereham might have saved her life since, having been consummated, it would have invalidated her marriage to the king; denying it meant that her dalliance with Culpeper came dangerously close to treason. Henry’s advisors on the other hand were only too aware and interrogated the dowager duchess about a possible precontract between Dereham and her step-granddaughter.
Denying the precontract sealed Catherine’s fate. Henry now sought to establish adultery, which again proved easier than establishing a precontract. She had admitted to secret meetings with Culpeper, calling him her “little sweet fool” and giving him presents, but both denied a sexual relationship. Nevertheless, on 1 December Dereham and Culpeper were convicted of treason and on 10 December Culpeper was beheaded and Dereham hanged, drawn and quartered. Their heads were put on spikes and displayed on London Bridge, where they remained until 1546.
On 21 January an Act of Attainder was passed against Catherine, which found her guilty of wanting to “return to her old abominable life” with Dereham and to “bring her vicious and abominable purpose to pass with Thos. Culpeper.” Since a mere intention wasn’t actually treason, it also declared “that an unchaste woman marrying the King shall be guilty of high treason” and on 13 February Catherine was executed. The same bill found the elderly dowager duchess, her eldest son William, his wife, two of her daughters and several of their servants, who had all spent Christmas in the Tower, guilty of concealing this treason. They were sentenced to life imprisonment and their property confiscated.
As the above examples show, even a King and head of the Church couldn’t simply declare that a precontract existed; he had to prove it and there was no guarantee that he would succeed. Henry’s position was well-established – Anne Boleyn’s trial took place in the 27th year of his reign, that of Catherine Howard in the 32nd – and he had all the tools of his office(s) at his disposal to assemble evidence and intimidate witnesses, including imprisonment and torture, but he only succeeded in one case – Anne of Cleves – and only because the lady played along. Canon law hadn’t changed since the Middle Ages, so let’s compare Henry’s experience to Richard’s claim of a precontract between Edward IV and Eleanor Talbot.
While Richard had been confirmed as Lord Protector by the council and was working in co-operation with its members, he was in a considerably weaker position than Henry. He wasn’t an anointed king, merely de-facto regent, had only recently arrived in London and only had 200–300 retainers at his disposal (500–600 including Buckingham’s men). Unlike Anne of Cleves, neither Stillington nor Lady Eleanor’s family appear to have been rewarded for accepting the precontract. There’s also no indication that they were intimidated, imprisoned or tortured, like the families and supposed lovers of Anne Boleyn and Catherine Howard.
The Crowland Chronicle, written with hindsight in 1486, speaks of “armed men, in fearful and unheard-of numbers, from the north, Wales, and all other parts” marching on London in response to Richard’s letters, but Simon Stallworth, in his letter to Sir William Stonor dated 21 June 1483, doesn’t sound fearful or suspicious. On the contrary, he assumes they’re a peace keeping force:
“Yt is thoughte ther shalbe 20 thousand of my Lorde Protectour and my lorde of Bukyngham menne in London this weike to what intent I knowe note but to kep the peas.”
As it turned out, the 4000 men who answered Richard’s call didn’t arrive until his coronation and were sent home without seeing any action. Clearly he expected trouble, either due to a plot against his life, as he claimed in his letters, or the revelation of the precontract or both, but in the end reinforcements weren’t needed. The executions of Hastings, Rivers, Grey and Vaughan may have contributed to a general feeling of uncertainty, but a contemporary fragment in the Cely papers suggests that, far from seeing Richard as the culprit, people were worried about his safety:
“… there is great rumour in the realm, the Scots have done great [harm] in England, the Chamberlain is deceased in trouble, the Chancellor is desperate and not content, the Bishop of Ely is dead, if the King, God save his life, were deceased, the Duke of Gloucester were in any peril, if my Lord Prince, who God defend, were troubled, if my lord of Northumberland were dead or greatly troubled, if my Lord Howard were slain.”
The logical conclusion therefore has to be that the precontract was accepted because the evidence – at the very least Stillington’s testimony – was convincing.
H. A. Kelly: “The Matrimonial Trials of Henry VIII”, Wipf and Stock; Reprint edition (2004)
Annette Carson: “Richard Duke of Gloucester as Lord Protector and High Constable of England”, Imprimis Imprimatur (2015)
Claire Ridgway: “Henry Percy Won’t Play Ball”, The Anne Boleyn Files http://www.theanneboleynfiles.com/13-may-1536-henry-percy-wont-play-ball
Marilee Hanson: “The relationship between Henry Percy & Anne Boleyn 1523”, English History http://englishhistory.net/tudor/henry-percy-anne-boleyn-relationship
Claire Ridgway: “9 July 1540 – The End of Henry VIII’s Marriage to Anne of Cleves”, The Anne Boleyn Files http://www.theanneboleynfiles.com/9-july-1540-the-end-of-henry-viiis-marriage-to-anne-of-cleves
Marilee Hanson: “Anne of Cleves: Facts, Biography, Information & Portraits”, English History http://englishhistory.net/tudor/monarchs/anne-of-cleves
Marilee Hanson: “Catherine Howard: Facts, Biography, Portraits & Information”, English History http://englishhistory.net/tudor/monarchs/catherine-howard
Claire Ridgway: “The Fall of Catherine Howard”, The Anne Boleyn Files http://www.theanneboleynfiles.com/the-fall-of-catherine-howard
Claire Ridgeway: “The Bill of Attainder against Catherine Howard and Lady Rochford”, The Anne Boleyn Files http://www.theanneboleynfiles.com/21-january-1541-bill-attainder-catherine-howard-lady-rochford
Marilyn Roberts: “470 Years Ago – Terror for the Howards at Christmas”, The Anne Boleyn Files http://www.theanneboleynfiles.com/470-years-ago-terror-for-the-howards-at-christmas
Posted by bloodofcherries in Alternative History, law and tagged 3rd Duke of Norfolk, adultery, Anne Boleyn, Anne of Cleves, Annette Carson, Archbishop Cranmer, attainder, bigamy, canon law, Catherine Howard, Claire Ridgway, Crowland, Earl of Northumberland, Edward IV, Edward V, executions, Francis Dereham, Francis of Lorraine, Henry VIII, Lady Eleanor Talbot, Lord High Constable, Lord Protector of the Realm, Mary Boleyn, mediaeval canon law, pre-contract, Richard III, Robert Stillington, Thomas Cromwell, Thomas Howard, treason
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Music Discussion at its Finest
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Tag Archives: pumpkins
Smashing Pumpkins – Mellon Collie and the Infinite Sadness
After the release of their highly successful album and groundbreaking album Siamese Dream, the Smashing Pumpkins were on a roll musically, and decided that rehashing the same album wouldn’t cut it, and decided to expand their sound even more. Not only would the album feature a wider array of styles, but would be a monster sized double album with 28 tracks. After another string of hits, this album became another commercial success, being awarded with the Diamond Certification of 10 million copies shipped. Though technically it really only sold 5 million, as the RIAA counts both discs individually, a bit unfair. The success of this album gave us some more songs that are considered not only classic Smashing Pumpkins songs, but also considered classic rock, with some songs still considered radio staples. “Bullet with Butterfly Wings”, “1979”, and “Tonight Tonight” are still heard on today’s radio.
Even though Mellon Collie is a solid album with many great songs, it does have the problem many double albums have. It’s really long. With 28 tracks and two hours worth of music, to sit through its entirety is definitely reserved for someone who either has the patience, or for really long car rides. So it’s best that one listens to each disc separately. The album does have a focus on having a wide arrange of styles, and you can tell just by listening to the first three tracks that this album shows diversity. The first track, the title track, is a solo piano instrumental, then moves into the “Tonight Tonight” which features a string orchestra, and Jellybelly is an alternative metal track. There are a few songs that are psychedelic and dreamy, reminiscent of their Siamese Dream era, so coming from Siamese Dream, it won’t scare you away. There are also a couple songs that have aspects of electronic rock seeping in, with electronic drums, but the one that really shows the electronic aspect is their famous hit 1979.
Even though the album does focus on a variety of sounds, a good portion of the album does tend to fall under the typical 90’s style heavy alternative rock/alternative metal. Thanks to these types of songs, it causes the confusion for others that make them think the Pumpkins are a grunge band, especially with the Bullet With Butterfly Wings having the similar dynamic changes like Nirvana. Also with these songs, it does add some stability to the album, as sometimes having too much diversity can detract listeners, and feel either disjointed, or chaotic. It definitely tries to find a balance between being a heavily disjointed album, and from having all the songs sound too similar, as that can also be a drag for listeners.
Mellon Collie and the Infinite Sadness is definitely a monstrous album, and is definitely not short-changed in content. With its diversity, there is guarantee to find a track that will appeal to you. Though with its 28 songs and two hour run time, listening to its entirety is definitely not for the feint of heart.
Tags: 1979, bullet with butterfly wings, collie, mellon, mellon collie, mellon collie and the infinite sadness, pumpkins, smashing, smashing pumpkins, tonight tonight
Categories Album Reviews
Author Grungie
Smashing Pumpkins – Siamese Dream
Over the years, famous bands from the “Alternative Nation” like Tool, Soundgarden, Nirvana, and Pearl Jam have made their mark on rock history and have influenced many bands and created several copycat bands trying to emulate on their sound. It’s been over 20 years since the Smashing Pumpkins have started and yet, they are still in a realm of their own. Siamese Dream stands as an album unique from their contemporaries.This uniqueness is partially due to singer/guitarist Billy Corgan’s quirky voice, but it also has to do with their unique sound that combines several genres into a sound that clearly states “Smashing Pumpkins”. The fuzzy guitar sounds draws clear inspiration from Shoegaze music with Corgan deliberately choosing Alan Moulder to mix the album after hearing his famed work mixing the Shoegaze masterpiece Loveless by My Bloody Valentine. Many of the softer sounds also draw clear influences from Dream Pop which is, in many ways, a sort of “sister genre” to Shoegaze. The Pumpkins don’t just stop there to emulate their dreamy shoegazy heroes, they decide to change the game by adding in aspects of Classic Rock, Heavy Metal, and even elements of Progressive Rock. This mashup creates sounds that make the journey through Siamese Dream quite a unique journey. With the guitar driven opener of Cherub Rock, to the dreamy relaxing melotron filled song of Luna, this is truly a journey no other band could make.The interesting combination of genres isn’t the only thing that makes this album stand out, the production quality is, to say the least, a landmark of its own. This album can be considered an “overdub masterpiece” with songs like Soma incorporating up to 40 overdubbed guitar parts. This gives songs like Geek USA an even heavier edge, and makes the dreamy sequences of Soma even more luscious.
Geek USA could be considered the centerpiece of the album. It incorporates everything that makes this album unique, from the strange mixture of genres, heavy guitar overdubs, and Jimmy Chamberlin’s fantastic drumming. It starts off as your typical fast rock piece that draws heavy inspiration from metal, but then in the bridge it goes through sort of a genre shift. It’s like they’re having you a slight relaxation in the song. Gone are the heavy guitars and now it’s become a psychedelic dream sequence. After they had you relax in the middle of the song, they bring back the heavy guitars and build up the intensity and finally explodes back to its original tempo with Corgan’s guitar solo that many consider his best.
All in all, Siamese Dream is an album that has stood the test of time with no copycat rivals to make it look cliche like all the Nirvana and Pearl Jam copycats.
Grungie’s rating: 5/5
Tags: album, dream, pumpkins, review, siamese, smashing
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Continuing the slow decline, but that’s okay – A letter from New Brunswick’s future #16
by Cheryl Johnson
The old metal detritus of earlier times in the woods around Barnesville, New Brunswick. Photo by Cheryl Johnson.
September 20, 2049 (Barnesville, New Brunswick)
Dear friends and neighbours,
New Brunswick has long been referred to as a ‘have-not’ province. In part, this is because of the province’s history of receiving federal government assistance to help supplement provincial revenue. In fact, usually seven to eight of the ten provinces receive equalization payments. There are a lot more ‘have-not’ provinces than there are ‘have’ provinces.
New Brunswick has not only been considered (by some) to be a ‘have-not’ province, it has also been considered a ‘has-been’ province.
The province’s heyday was yesteryear, when it was one of the four founding provinces of Confederation in 1867 and an epicenter of global ship-building, a ready supply of lumber for shipbuilding, and year-round ice-free ports made the province a powerhouse.
As more provinces joined confederation, big industry moved from New Brunswick to the new centers of innovation. The lumber was cut and the need for ice-free ports lessened as the St. Lawrence Seaway opened. New Brunswick had begun its decline.
Little came along to replace those former industries, and with the benefit of hindsight, one could come to see how the former economic prosperity of the province was based on chance and an accident of geography. There were many hard working people who helped spur things along, but that 19th century boom in shipping was mostly good fortune that came from the province’s forests and proximity to European ports.
As the need for wooden ships faded, our province never really replaced that industry.
New Brunswick did not adapt or change to new technology and instead began a long slow fade.
Much like the history of that twentieth century decline, the history of New Brunswick over the last thirty years since 2019 has been a long slow decline. Once again, it was an accident of geography that brought some economic prosperity to the region as it slowly became less relevant.
Since the 2020s, the regions that had relied heavily on refinery oil and clear-cut forestry practices have been experiencing a tough go. The adjustments have been difficult.
When the sun set on the petroleum industry, it was a quick death. With the need to reduce carbon in the atmosphere and move away from oil and gas, Alberta’s oil sands became worthless and the Irving refinery in Saint John was mothballed.
The industry that had once brought such good fortune to many in Alberta and to so a few in New Brunswick, faded into irrelevance.
Things really changed when the global community had enough of our gas-guzzling, resource stripping ways. Sanctions were threatened against Canada, companies shut down, and those who were left had to pick up the pieces.
The innovation that did come, came from away. Our government and our industries were far too slow to adapt.
It was the cheaper and more efficient renewable energy and creation of new battery systems and sources of power that changed the way we produce, store, and consume energy. People no longer need fossil fuels.
But, the profits from buying and renting and licensing all of that equipment went to the global conglomerates. These had few ties to Canada.
We used to be an important economic powerhouse, but not anymore. In the end, Canada was a petro-state too stubborn to invest in new technology and new industries. The batteries and the technology behind renewable energy was produced elsewhere. We have become an economic backwater.
On the one hand, thank goodness we can benefit from the technologies invented in other places. If we had been waiting for the renewable revolution to occur here, it would have never happened.
And so, in New Brunswick, the slow decline continues.
Our infrastructure continues to crumble and lack enough investment—in this sense it’s not much different from 2019.
But, then as now, by and large, people get by. The weather is worse, but not as bad as some places. We all relate to each other and we all commiserate about our shared experiences of a changing climate.
Maybe the slow decline is for the best. If New Brunswick was the center of innovation and prosperity, we wouldn’t have the space to be ourselves and the freedom of the wild woods. It is far easier to live a small and sustainable life in a ‘have-not’ province in a ‘has-been’ country.
Now that the large and wealthy companies and families have gone, there is less conspicuous consumption and more equality. Life isn’t so bad and we make do.
In a way, we have come full circle.
Think of the pictures of old homesteads and farms in the beginning years of European settler colonialism. The lifestyle of 2049 is more similar in practice to these pictures than the state of affairs in 2019.
It’s 2049, and the infamous ‘Age of Plastics’ has passed and only the memories and the evidence in the old landfills and oceans remains. For those of us who stayed in this place, we are in a new age of peace and hardship with the land.
Peoples are working together and sharing their knowledge and compassion. We have to be united, or life is too hard otherwise.
There is much work to be done, but it is satisfying in a way that the old corporate jobs of the past never were.
For those of us still on this land, we are back where we truly belong: in the garden, forest, and field.
Yours, once again,
Cheryl Johnson lives in Barnesville, New Brunswick, teaches math, lives off the land as much as possible, and loves to go varmint hunting.
In the optimistic spirit of the Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez’s Message from the Future, this letter is a speculative and fictional look back from the future to imagine what New Brunswick could be like if we could meet our climate change obligations. It is fiction, but it need not stay fiction. Each letter offers a vision of what New Brunswick could be like in the future if the province is able to fight climate change and to achieve the IPCC climate goals.
Read the other Letters from New Brunswick’s Future here.
This series is sponsored by RAVEN, and edited by Daniel Tubb and Abram Lutes. Daniel is an environmental anthropologist at the University of New Brunswick in Fredericton and a co-investigator with RAVEN. Abram Lutes is an environmental action reporter with the RAVEN project Summer Institute and a member of the NB Media Co-op Board of Directors. If you would like to contribute your own letter, read the Call for Letters from New Brunswick’s Future and send a short outline of your idea to Daniel Tubb at dtubb@unb.ca and Abram Lutes at abram.lutes@gmail.com
Tags: BarnesvilleCheryl JohnsonLetters from New Brunswick's futureNew Brunswickoilplasticsruralslider
Rural New Brunswickers talk about home through photovoice
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Shevchenko To Retire After Euro 2012
KIEV, Ukraine -- Ukraine football star Andriy Shevchenko, who played for AC Milan and Chelsea in a glittering career, said he will retire after the European championships next year in his home country.
Andriy Shevchenko
"I have decided to retire right after the Euro-2012," the 34-year-old Shevchenko told AFP in an interview. "This is my final decision."
"We are all set to perform at our best at our home European championships," he added. "And I believe we can challenge the clear favourites in the battle for the title if luck is on our side."
Shevchenko also said that he believed that Ukraine's national side would have enough reasons for a successful display at their home turf next year.
"There's plenty of football-crazy fans at Ukraine and their support is truly priceless for us as it drives us on," he said.
"Besides, the country's top clubs, Shakhtar and Dynamo, have been performing solidly in European cup competition in recent years.
"There's plenty of young talent in Ukraine's football and the national squad in particular," Shevchenko said. "That's why I have no doubts that this team will be able to achieve serious international success in the very near future."
Shevchenko has been a linchpin of the Ukrainian national side over the last decade and the country will be hoping he performs at his best at the tournament which Ukraine is jointly hosting with Poland.
In the late 1990s, Shevchenko was part of a celebrated Dinamo Kiev side packed with young stars before moving to AC Milan in 1999 where he became a prolific scorer for the Italian giants.
He endured a more difficult period at Chelsea from 2006 before moving back to Milan in 2008. Shevchenko has returned to his beloved Dinamo Kiev in 2009.
Shevchenko added that he would also like to win another domestic league title next year with Dynamo Kiev before calling it a day.
"It would be great to win the domestic league before hanging up my boots," said Shevchenko, who has already won five Ukrainian league titles and three national cups with Dynamo.
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UN Women/Ryan Brown
UN commission agrees roadmap on ensuring women’s social protection, mobility, safety, and access to economic opportunities
The UN body exclusively dedicated to promoting gender equality and women’s empowerment wrapped up its annual session on Friday evening with agreement on ways to safeguard and improve women’s and girls’ access to social protection systems, public services and sustainable infrastructure.
New book honours UN women who made HERstory
Raising awareness of women’s contributions is critical to correcting historical imbalances that have undervalued their presence, the United Nations Secretary-General said on Wednesday.
UN Photo/Loey Felipe
Six months on, EU-UN initiative on gender-based violence spotlights needs of most marginalized women, girls
As #MeToo activists continue to push for political, economic and social equality between the sexes, a key question is being asked: Are marginalized women and girls – ones who are part of indigenous communities, disabled, or part of the lesbian and transgender community – being heard?
UN women’s commission opens annual session at ‘pivotal moment’ for gender equality movement
Taking place at “a pivotal moment for the rights of women and girls,” the United Nations body dedicated to gender equality and women’s empowerment opened its annual session on Monday hearing calls to help women, especially those in rural communities, secure an end to the male-dominated power dynamic that has long marginalized their participation and muted their voices.
UN Women/Bruno Spada
International Women’s Day: The ‘time is now’ to transform global push for women’s rights into action – UN
This year, International Women’s Day comes at a pivotal moment, and with a wave women’s activism – from the #MeToo movement to #TimesUp and beyond – exposing the structures that have allowed women's oppression to flourish, the United Nations is urging the world to stand with rural and urban women activists to topple the remaining barriers to gender equality and empowerment.
UN Photo/Mark Garten
#MeToo movement stems from impunity and culture of silence, senior UN official writes
Casual indifference to sexual harassment is unacceptable, the head of the United Nations entity mandated to promote gender equality today said, urging women and men to change their response to acts of sexual aggression.
UN report outlines path towards closing gender gap, realizing reproductive health rights
Vast inequalities threaten economies, communities and nations, trapping people in a cycle of poverty and marginalization, the United Nations said on Tuesday in a new report that outlines 10 actions countries can take on the path towards equality.
UN Photo/Marco Dormino
'EmPOWER' girls before, during and after crises, UN says on International Day of the Girl Child
The world's 1.1 billion girls are a source of power, energy, and creativity – and the millions of girls in emergencies are no exception, the United Nations said on the International Day of the Girl Child, which kicks off a year-long effort to draw global attention to and action on the challenges and opportunities girls face before, during, and after crises.
INTERVIEW: In fighting for girls’ education, UN advocate Malala Yousafzai finds her purpose
In September, the Malala Fund started the Gulmakai Network to support the work of education champions in developing countries and speed up progress towards girls’ secondary education around the world.
The 20-year-old, who will be attending Oxford University, spoke to UN News about the need to increase investment in education, the importance of allowing girls to be who they want to be, and when it was that she discovered the power of her own voice and the purpose for her life.
UNICEF/Christopher Herwig
New UN global innovation forum to 'creatively disrupt' status quo for women and girls in tech
The United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN Women) today launched the Global Innovation Coalition for Change with partners from the private sector, the academia and non-governmental organizations to encourage innovation and technology work better for young women and girls around the world.
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USC’s Pied Pipers of Produce Honored on Sept. 15 at National Summit on Food Recovery
Susan H. Evansand Peter Clarke, co-directors of From the Wholesaler to the Hungry, accept a prestigious award from U.S. Secretary of Agriculture Dan Glickman for their efforts to get unsold produce to those in need.
Faculty and staff of USC’s “From the Wholesaler to the Hungry” project instructed food service industry and charitable organization rep-resentatives on how to create a successful fresh produce recovery program at the National Summit on Food Recovery & Gleaning held Sept. 15 and 16 in the nation’s capital.
USC’s project, based at the Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, was honored with Secretary of Agriculture Dan Glickman’s award for “Heroes of Food Recovery.” The award also honored the late Mickey Weiss, who founded the country’s first produce recovery program.
The summit, held in Washington, D.C., and at satellite sites throughout the nation, featured the co-directors of From the Wholesaler to the Hungry, research associate Susan H. Evans and professor of communication Peter Clarke, explaining how in the past six years they helped launch 52 programs nationwide that channel large donations of fresh fruits and vegetables to community agencies.
Evans and Clarke’s project designed a method for city-by-city consultation to support new sites facing the challenges of bringing businesses and charitable agencies together, moving huge volumes of perishable product and channeling it quickly to millions of low-income people.
“Our project began when we discovered the nation’s first wholesale charitable produce distribution program in Los Angeles in 1991 and began transplanting it across the country,” Evans said. “This became the prototype for what could become a bold and environmentally friendly intervention to improve public health. The consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables is essential to fight or control many diseases, such as heart disease, diabetes and cancer.”
“In our panel at the summit, we discussed how programs for saving surplus fruits and vegetables from being needlessly dumped can spread to every American city and beyond,” Clarke said. “Last year, programs around the country distributed 153 million pounds of fresh produce to needy adults and children.”
The summit was organized by a partnership among the Department of Agriculture and several national nonprofit groups: The Chef and the Child Foundation, the Congressional Hunger Center, Foodchain and Second Harvest. Its goal was to help expand the growing national movement to recover food to help the hungry.
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New Deal Idealism At Camp Woodland, Near Woodstock
Camp Woodland was founded in 1939 by a group of idealists inspired by the New Deal who put American democracy into practice by creating an inclusive summer camp for city kids in the Catskills near Phoenicia, NY.
Although detractors would refer to it as “Camp Red” during the McCarthy era, they helped to incubate the folk music movement in America, influenced music in Woodstock, and brought together city and rural communities through the collection and preservation of Catskills folklore and folk music.
Author and civil rights attorney Bill Horne is set to give an illustrated talk based on his book, The Improbable Community: Camp Woodland and the American Democratic Ideal on Saturday, August 24 from noon to 1 pm at Eames House Museum, 20 Comeau Drive, in Woodstock.
Special tribute will be paid to Woodstock musicologists Eric Weissberg and Herbert Haufrecht, who were deeply involved with the camp. Former campers Pat Lamanna and Mickey Vandow will be on hand to lead singalongs of camp songs. Horne’s book will be on sale and available for autographing. Light refreshments will be available. Admission is free.
Bill Horne practiced trade regulation law in Washington, D.C., and health care, public construction and civil rights law in Boston. He grew up in Queens, NY, and was a camper at Camp Woodland from 1950 through 1960.
Pat Lamanna learned to play guitar and wrote her first songs at Camp Woodland from 1955-1961 and is featured on Pete Seeger’s album, “The Storm King.”
As a Camp Woodlander for many summers, Mickey Vandow learned Catskills history, folklore and folk songs collected from singers in the region. He learned banjo from Pete Seeger and has taught theater and video production at SUNY Cobleskill.
The event, sponsored by the Historical Society of Woodstock, complements the on-going summer exhibit, Woodstock Music: In Tune with the Times 1600-Present. More information is available online.
Book Purchases made through this Amazon link help support The New York History Blog‘s mission to report new publications about the history of New York. If you found this notice helpful, you can contribute directly to The New York History Blog at our Rally.org fundraising page. Books noticed on The New York History Blog may have been provided by their publishers.
Filed Under: History, Upcoming Events Tagged With: Books, Catskills, New Deal, Woodstock
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Home / My Halifax Experience / Cover Story / Be the change you want to see
My Halifax Experience May 18, 2018 Cover Story, My Halifax Experience
Be the change you want to see: Women must work together and support each other
I immigrated to Canada in 1982 and have had the privilege of living in five different locations in Canada and working in almost every province. I learned how to sing the national anthem from Hockey Night in Canada and became a Canadian citizen in Ottawa. Through my work at the CBC, I learned about the history of this country, and the differences and shared experiences that make up the definition of a Canadian. When I moved to Halifax with my husband Joe and our daughters Claire and Katie, we fell in love with Nova Scotia. The east coast reminds us of our homeland, Ireland, and combines the best of what we’ve experienced across Canada with the wild Atlantic ocean and the warmth of the people. We knew we had found home!
As an immigrant you begin by establishing your new roots, but at some point you realize the importance of paying it forward to those following the same path. It’s no surprise to me to see so many immigrants with a burning desire to give back to the country that gave so much to them. We all work hard and have challenges, but there is something special about being an immigrant and wanting to leave a legacy in the very country that gave you a new life.
I have always volunteered for causes I believe in, with a special emphasis on women and children. Working for the IWK Foundation brings my passion and professional acumen together to work for a great cause. We are on a mission to build the best in the world right here—nothing less will do! I also make myself available to mentor and help other women, especially immigrant women, because I know once they get on their feet the impact they have on our community will be profound.
It’s amazing to me in 2018 that women still have to march and fight for equal pay, equal rights, and equal representation on corporate boards, in government, and in leadership positions. Women make up more than half of the total population and yet our voices are often not heard. This will change only when women as a collective decide to work together, support each other, and change the game—which will ultimately change the outcomes.
We must learn how to support each other and be the change we want to see in our lifetime. It has been my mission to support women of all ages in any way I can by advising them, helping to influence their career paths, and connecting them to the larger community. I give back by coaching and mentoring in the way I was coached and mentored.
Don’t be afraid to reach out to each other. Take the opportunity to compliment other women and celebrate their achievements on a daily basis. START RIGHT NOW.
When we make a personal choice to always be there for other women, we are unstoppable.
From my earliest childhood, I questioned why I should be treated any differently from boys. Feminism has been part of my soul my entire life. Women’s rights are human rights and until we see equality and transparency I will never give up the fight. I will always find the time to support my sisters young and old.
The late Maya Angelou said that before she attended an important meeting or went on stage to make a speech, she always remembered the people who helped her in her life. It provided her with strength and conviction.
None of us get to where we are without help, and remembering the shoulders you now stand on is a great way to stay authentic and grounded in your life.
As an immigrant and a woman, it is crucial that my life speaks to the values I hold dear and I am committed to paying it forward.
Be authentic, have a voice, and use it and help each other. It is the only way forward. The recent #MeToo and the #TimesUp movements have created an unprecedented opportunity for women and men to rise up together and create a more equal and just society. If women play it smart, we can start a revolution from which all society will benefit.
Jennifer Gillivan ICD.D, President & CEO of the IWK Foundation
Jennifer Gillivan is President and CEO of the IWK Foundation, the primary fundraising and outreach partner of the IWK Health Centre. Jennifer is very passionate about the rights of women and children in our society. Jennifer was born and educated in Dublin, Ireland. She immigrated to Canada in 1982 with her husband and two daughters. Prior to joining the IWK Foundation, she worked with the CBC for 14 years.
Jennifer was appointed by the Prime Minister of Canada to serve as a member of the Independent Advisory Board for Senate Appointments in Nova Scotia. She is Vice Chair of the Canada Children’s Hospital Foundations Board, Co-Vice Chair for the Children’s Miracle Network North American Advisory Board, a member of the Advisory Board for the Sobey School of Business at Saint Mary’s University, and the Atlantic Ambassador for Women Get On Board. She has won many awards, including an RBC Top 25 Canadian Immigrant award and a Top 25 Maritime Immigrant award for 2017. The Halifax Chamber of Commerce named Jennifer the Halifax Business Person of the Year for 2017. She was also named an Atlantic Business Magazine Top 50 CEO for 2014, 2015, and 2017. For more information, visit iwkfoundation.org.
About My Halifax Experience
My Halifax Experience is a multimedia publishing platform, celebrating the similarities and differences of people choosing the East Coast of Canada as their new home.
Previous Building a Nova Scotia with economic, social, and cultural richness
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Thursday Complexity Post
Algorithms for Mastering Math
In a Brooklyn, N.Y. middle school, three walls have been knocked down to create one giant classroom where four seventh grade math teachers circulate among 120 students. Four different learning areas are signified by shelving and different colored carpets and chairs. An airport style monitor just outside the door tells kids where to go.
The program, Teach to One, is designed to let each student learn at his or her own level, and master each skill before moving on to a next step. Tina Rosenberg, in her New York Times column "Fixes," notes that kids who have missed an essential math skill or concept in an early grade are likely to keep falling further behind in successive grades, eventually joining a permanent math underclass of students who find math incomprehensible.
This classroom combines many learning methods and activities with a range of sophistication. . Some children work at computers, some use work sheets in groups, and some solve equations. The subjects include manipulating fractions and negative numbers, graphing expressions on a number line, and working out a multi-day probability project. Some worksheets show wrong answers and ask students to identify the mistakes that led to them.
At the end of each session, student take a short quiz testing their mastery of the subject, letting student and teacher know the successes and deficits of the moment. Rosenberg says the next step is the real innovation. Each student's quiz is fed into an algorithm, which produces the next day's lesson for that student based on individual mastery, and even on what has been shown to be the best learning modality for the student-such as learning best with games, or liking to learn alone. (Teachers get a preview and can override the computerized schedule if they think it necessary). The program identifies 77 math skills, and has a library of 12,000 lessons to teach them. Some lessons are created by staff, others bought from education companies.
Teach to One evolved from School of One, a math teaching program created by Joel Rose, an education expert, and Chris Rush, an educational consultant, both of whom had worked for the New York City Department of Education. The two formed Classroom Innovation Partners, and Rosenberg reports the model is being used in 30 schools in New York, New Jersey, Washington DC, Georgia and North Carolina. Early results have been very promising some schools and less so in others. The initiative has not been without controversy.
New Classrooms funded a study by scholars at Teachers College of Columbia University, to measure results. In the first year, math progress for Teach for One kids was about at the national average. The New York Daily News blasted the program as a pricy reject, and it was expensive. One school spent $140,000 on computers for every child. Second year results were much more encouraging, with progress of the kids ranging from 47 percent to 60 percent above the national average. In a thoughtful piece in Forbes, Michael Horn wrote that innovations are rarely instant successes. Instead, he said, they tend to require messy experimentation with many modifications and iterations. Further, Horn wrote, formative evaluation that measures grade level achievement doesn't identify nuanced individual progress of youngsters who have come from behind and those who have soared.
Horn suggests the second year improvements indicate that earlier gaps in math knowledge may have been filled during that first year. A middle school in Charlotte Mecklenburg reports with enthusiasm on its program. Rosenberg calls it a work in progress worthy of continued use and experimentation. "School of One takes comprehensive advantage of technology in ways that let teachers concentrate on teaching," she said. "That's worth getting right."
1-2 PM Eastern Time
Action Networks: Global to Local Structures for Change
Guests: Steve Waddell and Tom Bigda-Peyton
This is the second of two calls on system change. (This call is rescheduled from the original date of March 6, when we had to cancel for technical reasons.) While change always requires local action, change efforts are almost always heavily influenced by large contexts such as national conditions and-with increasing globalization-global ones. New approaches to organizing change move beyond traditions of hierarchy and build on multi-stakeholder strategies and inter-organizational networks. This discussion will build on 20 years of work with such strategies, highlighted in the book Global Action Networks, and will provide examples from U.S. healthcare reform.
Steven Waddell, PhD, focuses on collaboration and networks among organizations and institutions in business, government and civil society to produce innovation, enhance impact and build new capacity.His clients and project partners have included The Global Knowledge Partnership, the UN Global Compact, the World Bank, Global Reporting Initiative, the Ford Foundation, Humanity United, Civicus, International Youth Foundation, USAID, International Research and Development Centre, and the Forest Stewardship Council. He is a principal of Networking Action and lead steward for the Ecosystem Labs, which develop large change systems. He has a PhD in sociology and a master's in business administration. He is author of several articles and other publications, including the books Societal Learning and Change: Innovation with Multi-Stakeholder Strategies and Global Action Networks: Creating Our Future Together.
Thomas Bigda-Peyton, EdD, is a system coach and consultant working to catalyze innovation and whole-system engagement in large organizations and networks striving for collective impact. Tom uses methods such as collaborative problem-solving, action learning, and positive deviance to promote culture change in industries such as healthcare, government, and forestry. As a practitioner-researcher for 25 years, and currently as a Partner at Second Curve Systems in Boston, his clients have included multiple healthcare systems, the Federal Aviation Administration, Fidelity Investments, the government of Ontario, and the Forest Safety Council of British Columbia. He is co-author of the books From Innovation to Transformation: Moving Up the Curve in Ontario's Healthcare System and Safety Culture: Building and Sustaining a Cultural Change in Aviation and Healthcare. Tom holds a doctorate in Organizational Behavior and Intervention from the Harvard Graduate School of Education, where he worked with two pioneers in the field of organizational learning and system dynamics, Chris Argyris and Don Schon. He also holds master's and bachelor's degrees from Harvard.
Anyone interested is welcome to participate in these calls. Use the social share links at the top of this email to share with your Facebook, Twitter, or other networks or to others.
Please use the forward link in this email to avoid the recipient unsubscribing you. You will not subscribe them. The feature only sends this individual message. For information about Plexus Institute and more details about this call series and others, visit www.plexusinstitute.org.
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Fashion designer Jimmy Choo was born in Penang, Malaysia in 1961. He used the craftsmanship he learned from his father, also a cobbler, to create some of the most coveted shoes in the world. Choo opened his first shop in Hackney in 1986 in an old hospital building. Within two years of opening his shop, Choo’s shoes were featured in an eight-page spread in Vogue magazine. Soon, Choo became the darling of the celebrity world, in particular Princess Diana, who donned Choo’s footwear seemingly everywhere she went. Jimmy Choo rose to fame for the quality and style of his handmade women’s shoes.
In the fashion industry designers are responsible for designing the range and for providing design direction to the buyer. They would work with the buyer regarding previous best sellers in the range and consider this when producing new styles. Before making any decision designer follow merchandisers or best sellers data, consider about the upto-date trend information, fashion direction, buyer and merchandiser feedback, finally maintain consumer and market demands. Decisions are constantly being made but are always informed.
Hubert de Givenchy was born to an aristocratic family in Beauvais, France, in the 20’s. After attending art school, he worked for several important fashion designers in Paris. He opened his own design house in 1952 and was immediately praised for his chic, feminine designs. He is known for his elegant haute couture designs and professional relationships with clients like Audrey Hepburn.
It is all about showing off your best features. Let all the best things about your out there to get the attention of male. Mostly accompanied by heels, shorts or tight skirts, this style leaves the bare minimum for imagination. Exposure is to be at the maximum and as much as skin is shown. Tight fitting tops are chosen to show off the features like breasts and stomach. This is the type of fashion which is not every woman’s cup of tea. You got a lot of guts to pull off this one.
The puffer jackets is rarely off-the-menu right now, but just as it looked set to become a slightly stagnant market the off-duty look is entering new realms as next season it becomes a viable dressed-up option. Whether it's cropped and metallic, wrapped and tonal or mid-lenth and cinched, freezing temperatures will pose no problem on nights out next winter and we already can't wait.
Most fashion houses in the United States are based in New York City, with a high concentration centered in the Garment District neighborhood. On the US west coast, there is also a significant number of fashion houses in Los Angeles, where a substantial percentage of high fashion clothing manufactured in the United States is actually made. Beverly Hills, particularly on Rodeo Drive, is globally renowned for its fashion design and prestigious shopping. Burgeoning industries in Miami, Chicago, Dallas, and especially San Francisco have developed as well. A semi-annual event held every February and September, New York Fashion Week, is the oldest of the four major fashion weeks held throughout the world. Parsons The New School for Design, located in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of Lower Manhattan in New York City, is considered one of the top fashion schools in the world. There are numerous fashion magazines published in the United States and distributed around the world for global readership. Examples include Vogue, Harper’s Bazaar, and Cosmopolitan.
"Between tonal dressing and statement knitwear, head-to-toe knits have been brought to the forefront. I appreciate the cosy yet chic approach to cold-weather dressing," says Aiken, who happens to the one of the first industry figures spotted in this trend all those months ago. "Gabriela Hearst’s knit poncho paired over a matching skirt and sweater best exemplifies this look."
Everyone knows this guy, and I bet you do, too. He’s one of the international fashion icons. Yves Saint Laurent became popular as a designer who re-designed menswear into feminine, beautiful garments for women. His name is also closely associated with the phenomenon of ‘ready-to-wear’ fashion clothing, ‘power suits’ for women and ‘smoking jackets’ for men.
Ralph joined the fashion industry as a tie seller. He tried to introduce his own tie designs for the company, but his enthusiasm wasn’t perceived well. So, he left the company and launched his own mini-business: he sewed his first ties out of rags and distributed them to small shops. The most defining order of 100 dozens of ties by Neiman Marcus has radically changed Ralph’s life. He expanded his business by introducing menswear and womenswear lines. Currently his brand is worth $7.5 billion. Ralph Lauren’s success story inspires many novice designers. The first Polo logo was introduced in 1970.
Latest 2019 Fashion Trends for Women. It’s another year, a fresh start, and the ideal time to refresh your closet with quality pieces and crisp outlines for 2019. Be strong and go after those snakeskin donkeys or silk aircraft. It’s another season, and you’re reevaluating yourself and your storage room, recollect? We have picked a portion of the most recent and most wearable design patterns for ladies. Along these lines, let us investigate the Top 10 Fashion Trends in 2019 for Women to adopt.
Christian Lacroix directs his devotion and talent for fantasy and theatrics to create true design spectacles. Lacroix arrived in the 80s with the opening of his fashion house and immediately set the world on fire with unexpected mixes of colors and patterns. “The idea of seeing everybody clad the same is not really my cup of tea“. This is one of the best quotes of Lacroix, fighting for unique and irreverent pieces in the world of fashion.
The Pantone colour system is an internationally recognized colour referencing system where thousands of shades are numbered. If you want to select your color story, you can use Pantone to develop color standards. Pantone is a color forecasting site. Each color swatch is labeled and categorized with numbers and letters, so you can find your true color easily for designing.
The 66 years old diva, Donna Karan is one of the most influential fashion designers in the world. Her line of cloths was created for women to where when they are going to a cocktail party straight from work. Sleek and practical basics are mixed with glamorous and feminine pieces. To sum up, Donna Karan has left a lasting impact on the world of clothing, bringing uptown New York chic into the mainstream.
The ethnic Indian wear isn’t only for the Indians any longer. Wear your saree with an advanced turn, and wrap it like an outfit. Hotshot those bends in the styles that are shaking the slope, or bring back the old present day style of Mumtaz. Still insufficient? Toss in a coat, a harvest top, a tube, or anything that gets your favor, set up of the exhausting old pullover, and include a radical new, particular measurement to the conventional 9 yards. Include a belt. Make a flat out combination to possess the saree-clad look this year.
In the City of Light, during the years from 1927 to 1940, Schiaparelli’s reputation for daring designs grew steadily. Soon, Parisians developed a passion for her unusual dresses, sweaters, and accessories. Her signature style always encompassed some whimsical elements, such as lobster motifs or skeleton ribs and bones (made with trapunto quilting); however, the construction of the garments themselves was often quite strict and tailored…this dichotomy made for original pieces that were often “knocked off” by other designers.
Purple isn't for everyone, but it certainly made a bold splash across the runways of A/W 19. Major names stood behind the regal hue, including Dries Van Noten and Comme des Garçons. Many of the purple-centric outfits you'll come across featuring a spectrum head from to toe, with different shades thrown in for good measure—but IRL, we predict this shade will become more of an accent to darker winter wardrobes, so feel free to translate this into your own closet alongside black, white, navy and brown.
As we all know, it is very hard to decide who are the best of the best in the fashion world. Since tastes are not comparable we decided to do a tribute to the most iconic and unique genius in fashion of all time. Since we couldn’t choose from our favorite top designers we organized them in alphabetical order. We hope you find our KOKET selection interesting and creative. This fashion designers conquered their place in the fashion world and we hope to conquer your heart with our KOKET choices, because love happens
Famous brands and designers from France include Chanel, Louis Vuitton, L'Oreal, Christian Louboutin, Balmain, Lancôme, Givenchy, Le Coq Sportif, Cartier, Guerlain, Sonia Rykiel, Longchamp, Pierre Cardin, Kenzo, Yves Saint Laurent, Dior, Clarins, A.P.C., Jean Paul Gaultier, Lacoste, Hermès, Thierry Mugler, Lanvin, Inès de La Fressange, Quechua, Chloé, Lolita Lempicka, Nina Ricci, Rochas, Cerruti, Oxbow and Céline.
The Spanish fashion designer Cristobal Balenciaga was born on January 21 in 1895. After studying dressmaking as a child, by age 20, Cristobal started his own brand and became Spanish’s leading couturier. In 1937, he moved to Paris due to the Spanish Civil War. Balenciaga’s designs are famous by its capes, flowing clothes without waistlines, as well as the use of plastic for rainwear. Cristobal died in 1972 in Valencia, Spain.
Most fashion designers work for wholesalers or clothing manufacturers that produce clothing and accessory items for retailers, and employers are concentrated in New York and California. Self-employed fashion designers work in their own location, producing high-fashion items, custom-made or one-of-a-kind clothing, and some self-employed designers produce a line of clothing under their own name.
The India’s dearest and beloved designer, known & appreciated not only by Bollwood’s-leading-ladies and men but also designs for Hollywood-superstars like Reese-Witherspoon and supermodels Naomi-Campbell nd Kate-Moss. He’s the one who brought vivacity, energy and colors to blockbuster movies like kuch-kuch-hota-hai, Dil-to-pagal-hai….He was also asked to design-clothes for Michael Jackson. He’s linked with the top international companies of Thai-Gems & Jewellers Association, Deutche-Bank, American-Express-Bank, Wizcraft, Moet and Henessey..
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The Strength of Forgotten Brands
It might come as a surprise, but heritage sells. In this increasingly connected and newness-obsessed world, traditional heritage brands are being resurrected from the past, and old icons are generating some serious revenue.
In the case of treasured early-20th century brands like Schiaparelli, Vionnet, Lanvin, and most recently Patou – all it took was updating the creative narrative by weaving stories of the past into the present with a fresh point of view, and celebrating the brand’s iconic founders in the process.
So even if today’s social media generation is tapping into young, and so-called “disruptive” luxury brands – brands such as Off-White and the infamous VETEMENTS – heritage brands are undoubtedly still successfully tugging at our purse strings. All the more reason to believe that dormant brands – such as Patou, which debuted its first collection under Guillaume Henry this season in Paris, after a 30-year-long hiatus – could be the industry’s next big cash cows.
Speaking of which, oddly enough, Guillaume Henry seems to be considered the luxury’s industry “revival expert.” After previously relaunching Carven’s ready-to-wear line in 2009 and making it a commercial success, he was tapped by Nina Ricci in 2015, before taking the reins at Patou this year. Courrèges had a similar fate: first being relaunched in 2014 by Coperni’s Arnaud Vaillant and Sébastien Meyer, it’s now continuing its course with Yolanda Zobel at its creative helm. As for Haute Couture brand Schiaparelli, its current creative director Daniel Roseberry, just introduced his first ready-to-wear collection for the brand – which is Schiaparelli’s second ready-to-wear collection ever to be designed.
Vanguard brands, such as Dior, have weathered economic crises and wars and are thriving today. Part of their secret sauce involves bringing their oldies but goodies back into the spotlight. The Saddle bag’s success story, in fact, is the very proof that heritage can generate some serious income. The it-bag was first released under John Galliano in 1999 but managed to enjoy a second wave of success almost 20 years later when it broke the Internet in July 2018 via 100 influencers who simultaneously posted photos of themselves with the re-released model on social media. It was a success that has contributed considerably to make the fashion and leather goods sector of LVMH its fastest growing unit in 2018, with an organic revenue growth of 15% and profit from recurring operations up 21%.
But the phenomenon of heritage brands “living happily ever after” is not just a Parisian reality: Gucci experienced a similar success story recently, with the Cruise 2020 re-edition its 1955 Horsebit bag. It was the fastest sell-out in the brand’s history. According to the 2019 Global Power of Luxury Goods Report by Deloitte, Valentino is the fastest-growing luxury brand, as reports show that its sales surged by $1 billion between 2013 and the end of 2018. Giada was basically a local Milanese name until it was acquired in 2011 by China’s Redstone Haute Couture (the same group that brought Valentino, Ferragamo, and Saint Laurent to China). The brand now boasts key selling points worldwide, with a major presence in China and its first store in the US. “Chinese consumers are looking for a European name they can trust,” a company representative said. Giada’s trajectory proves international investors are looking more and more into exploring the commercial potential of what we call heritage.
So why exactly is the luxury industry so obsessed with reviving the past – and why do we buy into it? According to Delphine Dion, a professor at the Paris-based ESSEC Business School and who specializes in luxury branding and customer experience, it’s psychological: “Heritage brands enable a strong sense of collective nostalgia, which ultimately culminates in building customer craving and customer trust,” Dion explained. Her studies highlight two types of dormant brands: those that have kept a strong reputation on the market as they are part of our collective memory, and those that almost no one remembers. And, against all expectations, it’s the obscure, lesser known, and perhaps the more dormant ones that may prove to be more profitable when relaunched. A lot of it depends on the storytelling that goes along with it.
According to Dion, “brand awareness can be a hindrance to relaunching a dormant brand.” The ability to re-build a dormant brand’s reputation not on its actual legacy, but on the rather emotional, vague nostalgia that its name evokes, is what makes it possible to successfully integrate such a brand into today’s collective memory – and what ensures its commercial success.
In other words, the less we know, the better: Dion’s studies show that the potential success of a resurrected brand is determined by the absence of a ubiquity. “Marketing managers can basically define a new brand strategy that’s in-tune with the expectations of our generation, and also select the most relevant characteristics from the brand’s heritage,” Dion added. “They can avoid the risk of being confronted with customer criticism that may emerge if the dormant brand has kept its strong reputation and potential customers thus do not recognize the brand of the past.” Now it’s up to the newly-launched Patou to prove if this marketing strategy really works on the long haul.
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NSF Engineering offers support for student design projects
NSF announced a new supplemental funding opportunity to provide support for mentored, student-led design projects that are directly related to currently funded NSF awards from the Engineering Directorate. The Design Supplements also provide a way for principal investigators to expand the Broader Impact of their awards.
Learn more in Dear Colleague Letter: Supplemental Funding Opportunity to Support Student Design Projects Directly Related to NSF Research (NSF 19-078).
The National Science Foundation (NSF) is an independent federal agency that supports fundamental research and education across all fields of science and engineering. In fiscal year (FY) 2020, its budget is $8.3 billion. NSF funds reach all 50 states through grants to nearly 2,000 colleges, universities and other institutions. Each year, NSF receives more than 50,000 competitive proposals for funding and makes about 12,000 new funding awards.
Get News Updates by Email
Useful NSF Web Sites:
NSF Home Page: https://www.nsf.gov
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For the News Media: https://www.nsf.gov/news/newsroom.jsp
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Awards Searches: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/
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Amy Zerba
Senior Editor, The New York Times
Amy Zerba is the Senior Editor for Digital Storytelling and Training at the New York Times. Zerba teaches digital skills and alternative story forms at The New York Times. (Think explainers, Q&As, live briefings, by the numbers, etc.) Before this position, she was a senior staff editor on the Metro desk for five years, where she edited and produced breaking news, enterprise, investigative and only-in-New-York stories and columns. She started at The Times on the sports copy desk.
Before moving to New York, she was an assistant professor at the University of Florida, where she taught courses in visual journalism and multimedia storytelling and mentored graduate students. She has also worked as a multimedia producer at CNN.com and as a copy editor/page designer at the Austin American-Statesman and Sun-Sentinel.
She holds a Ph.D. in journalism from the University of Texas at Austin. She earned her bachelor’s and master’s in journalism at the University of Florida, where she worked at The Independent Florida Alligator. She lives in Manhattan with her family.
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Michael Gonchar
Deputy Editor, The Learning Network
Michael Gonchar began his career as a humanities teacher, then worked for 10 years as a school and instructional coach specializing in helping to open and guide new small schools.
He joined the Learning Network in 2012 after spending 10 years as a school coach, instructional coach and teacher mentor in over two dozen New York City public middle and high schools. He specializes in helping to open new small schools and guiding them through their first few years of hiring staff, designing curriculums and creating effective structures to support teaching and learning.
Gonchar started teaching in 1996 as a humanities teacher at East Side Community High School, a small public school in Manhattan. He was first inspired to get involved in urban education reform while studying at Brown University and taking a class on redesigning the American high school with professor Ted Sizer. He graduated magna cum laude from Brown with a B.A. in history, then earned an M.A. in social studies education from Teachers College, Columbia University. He originally hails from northeastern Pennsylvania, and currently lives in Brooklyn with his family.
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Noizr
Noizr Zine
@NoizrZine
Dark Art: Selection of black metal cover artworks for the past year
Dark Art Black Metal Noizr Article Black Metal Art Cover Art
This year, under the heading "Dark Arts", we continued to select releases in the genre of black metal with the most interesting artworks. The previous material was posted at the end of July last year. From that moment, many albums with excellent covers were released, which we want to share with you.
The new selection includes album covers released from July 2018 to July 2019, created by artists from Norway, Sweden, Great Britain, the Netherlands, France, Spain, Italy, Greece, Poland, Serbia, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Romania, Croatia, Ukraine, Russia, USA, Canada, Brazil, Chile, Peru, South Korea, Indonesia, Australia, and New Zealand. If you like any of the presented works or you think that we've missed some interesting covers in this selection — feel free to write about it in the comments below.
For the main picture, we used the cover art of the album "Cursed Below The Waves" by the Australian project Drowning The Light. The creator is a Polish artist Dariusz Zawadzki.
The cover art of the album "Whirlwinds of Fathomless Chaos" of the Polish project Temple Desecration. Author is not specified.
The cover art of the album "Okeanos" of the German group Firtan. The creator is a Russian artist Denis Forkas Kostromitin, best known for his work for Behemoth, Children of Bodom, and Wolves in the Throne Room.
The cover art of the album "Lifehunger" by the Norwegian band Vreid. The creator is a Norwegian artist Remi Juliebø.
The cover of the third album "Escape" of the French project Decline Of The I. The creator is a French photographer and artist David Fitt, known for his work for Aosoth, Enthroned, and The Order of Apollyon.
The cover art of the album "I Loved You at Your Darkest" of the Polish black/death metallers Behemoth. The creator is an Italian artist Nicola Samori.
The cover art of the album "A New Kind of Horror" of the British duet Anaal Nathrakh. The creator is a band’s musician Mick Kenney.
The cover art of the album "Sinister, or Treading the Darker Paths" of the Polish band Cultes des Ghoules. Its creator is a Polish artist Mar.A, who has previously worked with the band.
The cover art of the demo "Non Omnis Moriar" of the Mexican act Cavernus. Its creator is Brvja XIII.
The cover art of the second album "Abysmal" by the German band Thron. The artist is not specified.
The cover art of the debut album "Servants Of The Cold Night" by Andeis. The creator is an American artist and musician Adam Burke (Nightjar Illustration).
The cover art for Kriegsmaschine’s "Apocalypticists". The author is not specified.
The album "Oblivion" by the Hungarian band Realm of Wolves. The creator of the artwork is one of the band’s members Vvildr.
The cover art of the new album "Recondemnation" of the Australian band Temple Nightside. The creator is an artist and musician Elijah Gwhedhú Tamu.
The artwork of 1914’s second album "The Blind Leading the Blind". The creator is the Russian artist W. Smerdulak, who has previously worked with Nabaath, Katalepsy, Arkona and many other bands.
The debut album "Ulthar" by American band Cosmovore. For the album’s cover art was used the work of the British artist Ian Miller, known for his work for the books of Lovecraft and Tolkien, as well as for many role-playing games.
The cover art of "Heir to Despair" of the Japanese band Sigh. The creator is an Israeli artist Eliran Kantor, who has previously worked on design of the band’s album s "Scenes from Hell" and "In Somniphobia".
The cover art of the album "Soterion" of the Spanish group Hrizg. Its creator is Vhan Artworks.
The artwork of the album "Unbound" of the Finnish black metallers Sargeist. The creator is Misanthropic-Art (Baptism, Celtic Blood).
The demo "Shrouded in Grave Soil" of the Spanish black/death act 13th Moon. The creator of the cover art is Mar.A Artworks.
Horna’s album compilation "Kasteessa Kirottu" which includes music recorded during 1994-1999 years. The creator of the cover art is a Chilean artist Daniel Desecrator.
The debut demo "Eroding The Shrine Of Submission" of the Belgian musicians Seethr, who were previously involved in the bands Aetherium, Last Legion Alive, and Slecht. The creator of the cover art is Simon Chognot (Cold Mind Art).
The cover of the EP "The Lunatic Creature" of the Tunisian project Ayyur. The creator is VSYN.
The self-titled album of the international project Acathexis, which includes musicians from Argentina, Belgium, and the USA. The cover art is created by Divine Chaos Art.
The compilation album "Servants Of Chaos II" by Debemur Morti Productions, which included music of Behexen, Wallachia, Blut Aus Nord, Throane, Terra Tenebrosa and many other artists from the roster of the French label. The cover art’s creator is a French artist Dehn Sora.
The cover art of the album "Pacifism Is Cowardice" of the British band Spearhead. The author is a Peruvian artist José Gabriel Alegría known under the pseudonym Hathrul.
The cover of the second album "Revelations of the Red Sword" of the Icelandic band Svartidauði. The creator is an Italian artist and musician Nicola Solieri.
The cover of the third album "Unterm Gipfelthron" of the Austrian project Rauhnåcht. The author is a Romanian artist Moga Alexandru from Kogaion Art.
The cover art of the EP "Beyond the Bestial" of the Ukrainian act Khors. The author is a Russian artist Alexei Glukhov from Mayhem Project, who has been working with the band since 2014.
The cover art of the single "Antilogos" of the Russian project Veter Daemonaz. Its creator is A.Held (Ubertragic Art).
The cover art of Barshasketh’s eponymous album. The creator is Black Typography.
The cover art of the second album "Niets en niemendal" of the Netherlands band Meslamtaea. The author is a Russian artist and musician Maya Kurkhuli.
The cover art of the a,bum "Venenum Scorpionis" of the Swedish band Grafvitnir. The creator is an talian artist Daniel Valeriani, who has previously worked with Dark Funeral and Lucifer's Child.
The cover art of the EP "Sun of the Deep" of the Australian band Sorathian Dawn. The author is not specified.
The cover art of the second album "Hvísl Stjarnanna" by the Icelandic band Sinmara. The author is a photographer from the Netherlands Nona Limmen.
The cover of the debut album "Solstices" by the French band Heaume Mortal. The author is not specified.
The cover of the second album "Triumphant Master of Fates" of the American band Vimur. The author is previously mentioned artist and musician Adam Burke.
The cover of the EP "Skuggen" by the Norwegian band Nattverd. The author is a Serbian artist and musician Stefan Todorović, best known as the vocalist of Gorgoroth.
The cover of the demo "II" of the Russian group Illt. The author is not specified.
The cover of the album "Loss & Grief" by the Dutch band Horcrux. The author is not specified.
The cover of "The Endless Endeavor" by Belgian band Drawn into Descent. Posted by Bahrull Marta of Abomination Imagery.
The cover of the debut album "Gods Without Name" of the American black metallers Aoratos. The author is an Indonesian artist Bahrull Marta.
The cover of the second album "Pantheon MMXIX" of the Russian band Ultar. The author is not specified.
The cover art of the debut album "Charnel Heart" of the Swedish band Flykt. The author is a Serbian artist and musician Stefan Todorović.
The cover art of the debut album "Heart Of Lead" of the Iceland band Kaleikr. The creator is Metastazis.
The cover of the same-named EP of the Russian band Debry. Posted by Pablo el diiablo.
The cover art of the second album "Adore" of the Canadian band Numenorean. The author is not specified.
The cover art of the second album "Pyrrhic" of the American band Frosthelm. The author is Raymond Swanland, who has previously worked with Suffocation and is known as an illustrator for Magic: The Gathering game.
The album cover for Sühnopfer's album "Hic Regnant Borbonii Manes". The creator is Valnoir from Metastazis.
The cover of the album "Kosmocide" of the Polish band Deus Mortem. The author is a Russian artist Artem Grigoryev, who has previously worked with Baptism, Barshasketh, Sinmara, Do Skonu and others.
The cover art of the second album "Chasm" of the Spanish band Suspiral. The author is the band’s bass player Álex Tedín, who previously worked on albums’ cover arts for such bands as Sinmara and Svartidauði.
The cover art of the album "Oath" of the Russian band Morokh. The author is not specified.
The art of the second album "Laho" of the Finnish project Kval. The creator is Moonroot Art.
The cover art of "The Furnaces of Palingenesia" by the French band Deathspell Omega. The author is not specified.
The cover art of the record "Algleymi" of the Icelandic band Misþyrming. The author is the Netherlands artist Manuel Tinnemans, who has previously worked with Deathspell Omega, Entombed A.D., Lychgate, Rotting Christ and many other bands.
The cover art of the album "Old Star" of the Norwegians Darkthrone. The author is an American artist and musician Chadwick St. John.
The cover of Chernaa's "Empyrean Fire" debut album. The creator is Anna Levytska, who previously worked on cover art for Blut aus Nord's album "Deus Salutis Meæ".
The art of Funeral Storm’s debut album "Arcane Mysteries". The author is a German artist Markus Vesper (Denial Of God, Manilla Road, Attic).
The art of the debut album "Tempestas" by the American band Ov Lustra. The author is not specified.
The cover art of the record "Offerings of Flesh and Gold" of the American band Bull of Apis Bull of Bronze. The creator is a British artist and musician Alex CF.
The cover of the EP "The Hallowed Shall Serve" of the American band Inquinok. The creator is Gargoth from Luciferium War Graphics.
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2011–2020 Noizr – All rights reserved – Rules – by Annexare
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Acknowledgements and Endorsements
In the process of ensuring the accuracy of the information contained in this proposal, a number of knowledgeable and professional individuals were asked to provide statistics and historical information.
Our sincere and heartfelt gratitude goes out to the following individuals for their input, expertise, valued support and personal encouragement:
Major-General (Ret’d) Lewis Wharton MacKenzie, C.M., O.Ont., M.S.C. and Bar, C.D.
Colonel (Ret’d) Alain Pellerin, O.M.M., C.D.
Dr. J.L. Granatstein, O.C., F.R.S.C., Former Director & CEO of the Canadian War Museum and Professor Emeritus of History, York University
Major (Ret’d) Bradley N. Hall C.D., Former Secretary-General, Commonwealth War Graves Commission
Dr. Steve Harris C.D., Acting Director and Chief Historian, Department of National Defence
General (Ret’d) Paul D. Manson, O.C., C.M.M., C.D.
Major (Ret’d) Gerald S. Wharton, M.V.O., C.D.
Professor David J. Bercuson, O.C., F.R.S.C., Director of Centre for Military and Strategic Studies, University of Calgary
Brigadier-General (Ret’d) John C. Hayter, C.D.
Brigadier General (Ret’d) Greg Young, O.M.M., M.S.M., C.D. Chairman, 15th Battalion CEF Memorial Project
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Further Entry In the Diary of Shame, By Louis Odion
Premium Times October 18, 2017 Further Entry In the Diary of Shame, By Louis Odion2017-10-18T10:44:38+00:00 Columns, Opinion No Comment
It is certainly not enough for the president to claim that he came to power with a clear conscience and would also leave without blemish. He needs to do more to wean a cynical public off the perception of favoritism… While the president is entitled to self-praise, his hands and deeds we have seen thus far are soiled with prejudice, if not malice.
With the stench of the NNPC affair, starring Ibe Kachikwu and Maikanti Baru, still choking the air, with national dignity looking sullied by the suggestion that the ailing president spent his 103-day supposed medical seclusion in London mostly signing away multi-billionaire dollar oil contracts, presumably over expended injection syringes, a bizarre twist yet entered Aso Rock’s comedy of errors last weekend following a revelation that President Buhari had made a strange request of the World Bank boss back in 2015.
While answering what would ordinarily sound as an innocuous question at a press conference in Washington last week, Jim Yong Kim unwittingly exposed President Buhari. The marching order received from the Nigerian leader during their very first meeting, recalled the World Bank Chief innocently with uncommon lucidity, was to specifically “shift our focus to the northern region of Nigeria and we’ve done that.”
To most Nigerians, particularly from the South, if further exhibit was still required to prove the lingering charge of prejudice against President Muhammadu Buhari (PMB), that was it. The Presidency’s swift attempt at damage control by clarifying that Buhari only spoke in the context of the Boko Haram-ravaged North-East appeared to have cut very little on account of a guttersnipe’s cadence, rather than the language of persuasion.
Thank God for Oby Ezekwesili, a one-time World Bank vice president and now a critic of the wobbling and fumbling in Abuja, who then entered the arena and surprisingly rose to PMB’s defence with a generosity of spirit completely at variance with the meanness shown her consistently by Buhari’s people over the last two years on issues of public engagement. This proves she is not a “disco critic” (apology to Wole Soyinka).
Even at that, Ezekwesili’s attempted rehabilitation of PMB does not in any way attenuate this infamy. What one finds quite disturbing is not only that the president ever thought it proper to indulge in such divisive conversation on a foreign soil, but also the folly in thinking that whipping sentiments over the blighted North-East now would help draw attention from what is evidently Buhari’s gross betrayal of the oath of office not to discriminate.
By the way, isn’t it ironic that PMB that is caring enough to have made a strong case for the IDP to the World Bank is now reluctant to discipline someone accused of purloining even the widow’s mite raised at home for their welfare under the guise of cutting grass in the same North-East?
Nigeria has just been entered in the Guinness Book as the theatre of the costliest bush-clearing in human history.
Of course, the inadequacy of the North-East spin to the Kim embarrassment would be laid bare by a follow-up report by SUNDAY PUNCH, which starkly outlined a systematic shortchanging of other sections of Nigeria with regards to the World Bank’s documented 14 projects under Buhari’s watch, aside from the already established perfidy of lopsided appointments.
Those crying wolf now are undoubtedly partly haunted by a bitter memory. PMB’s headship of the Petroleum Trust Fund (PTF) between 1994 and 1998 was equally trailed by charges of favouring a section of the country in the distribution of projects.
According to the fact-sheet, seven out of 14 multi-billion dollar projects were reserved exclusively for the North, while the remainder were shared between the North-West, North-East and South-West, to the utter exclusion of the South-South, South-East and the Middle Belt.
Obscene statistics like the foregoing probably goaded US ambassador to Nigeria, Stuart Symington, to, against diplomatic custom, openly beseech PMB to treat all Nigerians as equals irrespective of their ethnic backgrounds, to foster peace and unity. He said this last week in Benin City at an art exhibition. Even fair-minded Northerners like retired Colonel Abubakar Umar appear too scandalised by such injustice; they have not stopped speaking out against it in condemnation.
For instance, official records show that of all the roads rehabilitated by the PTF, less than ten percent were carried out in the South-West, even though the zone was the highest contributor to the PTF, being consumer of over 60 percent of refined petroleum products, the rent from which PTF derived its revenue. In summary, whereas all the Southern states had 4,440.43 kilometres or 24 percent of the road rehabilitation, the North had 13,870.47 kilometres or 76 percent.
Under the National Health and Educational Rehabilitation Programme (NHERP), the South-West had zero allocation in the tertiary programme, while the North enjoyed 100 percent. In the vocational programme, the South-West had zero, while the North had 97 percent. In the primary sector, the South-West had zero against 88 percent for the North and in the secondary area, it was zero for the South-West and 86 percent for the North.
Boko Haram was not in existence then, lest it be cited also as the rationale for the foregoing imbalance.
Today, while no one should belittle the present misery of the displaced in the North-East, care should however be taken not to over-stretch the argument in a manner offensive to the sensibilities of other sections of Nigeria. Even among a close-knit family, it is very doubtful if everyone will ever agree to be stationary indefinitely until a lagging sibling catches up.
Niger Deltans endure a living condition no less pathetic. Yet, it is from that forsaken province that the nation derives more than eighty percent of the cash that is shared monthly in Abuja.
Long before the $25 billion NNPC controversy erupted, a front-page report by The Guardian had similarly exposed an illicit correspondence from the NNPC and NAPIMS directing each of the oil majors to remit a whopping $100 million yearly to a “dedicated account” for the benefit of the same North-East. Just like that. Of course, no one seemed to care about its likely adverse impact on their balance-sheet vis-a-vis what will eventually be available as tax to the national wallet.
In hindsight, maybe the Igbo were too extravagant in expectation. If a president can treat people like Abubakar Atiku on whose backs he climbed to power in 2015 shabbily, how could those known to have voted against him ever hope to get mercy?
Naturally, the people of Niger Delta would be envious. It is public knowledge that the Niger Delta Development Commission (NDDC) designed for the region is perennially under-funded. The little made available is often either stolen or splurged on insane white elephants decided by prefects nominated by Abuja.
Last year, the Buhari administration, for instance, made a song and dance of mere declaration of intent to clean up the polluted Ogoniland. Today, nothing has happened to the devastated farmlands and contaminated streams. Funny enough, the same government staged another round of singing and dancing in Rivers last week with the declaration of intention to build a 40-kilometre super highway. I am sure not a few take the latest promise with a pinch of salt.
In the South-East, gully erosion remains a perennial challenge. In announcing his intention to visit Igboland soon last week, the president sounded as though he was doing them a favour. The great king is coming on a horseback, so the entire community and its masquerades should turn out in their finest costumes and line the highway.
In revoking Intels’ juicy contract summarily last week, the government explained that rules were breached. But who does not know the blow is actually meant to rattle, if not cripple, Atiku (part-owner of Intels), now seen to be eyeing Buhari’s job in 2019?
Though belated, it is nonetheless reassuring that PMB has finally decided to vacate his cocoon and engage the disaffected directly, if his last week’s meeting with some Igbo leaders is enough signal. His language that day was conciliatory, not that of the condescension we heard in the October 1 broadcast. We can only hope such gesture is followed up with affirmative actions.
It is certainly not enough for the president to claim that he came to power with a clear conscience and would also leave without blemish. He needs to do more to wean a cynical public off the perception of favoritism. As Shakespeare cautions, there is no art to know mind’s construct on the face. While the president is entitled to self-praise, his hands and deeds we have seen thus far are soiled with prejudice, if not malice.
Louis Odion is a Fellow of the Nigerian Guild of Editors (FNGE).
Colonel Abubakar Umar (Rtd.), former Vice President Atiku Abubakar, National Health and Educational Rehabilitation Programme (NHERP), Niger Delta Development Commission (NDDC), Petroleum Trust Fund (PTF), President Muhammadu Buhari (PMB), World Bank President Jim Yong Kim
« The Rise and Rise of Ethnic Champions, By Zainab Suleiman Okino
More Fiction than Reality: Anambra’s Purported ‘Golden’ Finances and Grand Legacy of the Obi Era, By Fidelis Nwangwu »
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Radical Sheik At CUNY Law
By Terry Golway • 05/05/03 12:00am
A number of ideologues-in-training at City University’s law school thought it would be, like, cool and radical to honor the egregious Lynne Stewart as its public-interest lawyer of the year. Ms. Stewart is under federal indictment for assisting her client, Sheik Omar Abdel Rahman, organize terrorism from his prison cell. The sheik was convicted in 1995 of directing plots to bomb New York landmarks, and several of his followers are serving time for bombing the World Trade Center 10 years ago.
Luckily for the school’s reputation, a dean at CUNY Law ruled that the students were out of order. So Ms. Stewart will not be accepting the plaudits of CUNY Law graduates this spring. An apparently shattered and disillusioned student asked The New York Times : “What message does this send to us?”
Well, I can think of several:
1) When selecting a public-interest lawyer to celebrate, see to it that the lawyer does, in fact, work for the public’s interest. Ms. Stewart specializes in the defense of cop killers, mob drug dealers and terrorists. It’s hard to discern the public benefit from her work. Public-interest law, as I understand it, involves the unglamorous but decidedly important work of suing polluters, looking after the rights of workers, monitoring abuses in nursing homes, calling attention to bad government, advocating for mass-transit riders-that sort of thing. Thousands of lawyers perform this admirable work, although their names apparently are unknown to the scholars at CUNY Law. Here’s a friendly suggestion for next year’s public-interest lawyer of the year: Gene Russianoff of the New York Public Interest Research Group. If you need to ask why, you’re not doing your homework.
2) While Ms. Stewart is entitled to a presumption of innocence and may well be a victim of government harassment, her past statements should debar her from the company of decent-minded law students. In talking about the atrocity of Sept. 11, Ms. Stewart infamously told The New York Times Magazine : “I’m pretty inured to the notion that in a war or in an armed struggle, people die. They’re in the wrong place, they’re in a nightclub in Israel, they’re in a stock market in London, they’re in the Algerian outback-whatever it is, people die.” The problem with Sept. 11, she said, was that people took the attacks personally. If only they knew the truth-“actually, it wasn’t a personal thing,” she said. What a comforting thought.
Ms. Stewart had every right to articulate a barely veiled effort to justify the Sept. 11 attacks, but doing so ought to win her nothing but contempt-and, certainly, not the congratulations of CUNY Law.
3) It is one thing to provide legal counsel to terrorists and cop killers in the name of “armed struggle”; it’s quite another to offer aid and comfort. Ms. Stewart believes that attacks on American and/or Western institutions and civilians can be explained away as a response to the oppression and various -isms (racism, sexism, etc.) that exist, in Ms. Stewart’s view, only in the United States or other Western countries. Again, Ms. Stewart has every right to denounce the U.S. and the West while celebrating the cause of Islamicists, cop killers, Third World thugs and the like. But is this the kind of public-interest lawyer CUNY Law students wish to honor and emulate? If so, there’s a much larger problem on campus.
4) Ms. Stewart and lawyers like her are not what they claim to be-that is, the defenders of society’s outcasts. If that were true, we could expect battalions of self-proclaimed radical lawyers eagerly defending, say, a white supremacist’s right to assembly and free speech. Although Ms. Stewart celebrates the right to armed struggle and politically minded violence, she and lawyers like her would never defend a pro-life zealot accused of bombing abortion clinics.
Groups like the American Civil Liberties Union do not pick and choose whose rights they will support. They believe that civil liberties apply to all, not just the groups with which they agree. Ms. Stewart and other radical lawyers defend only the rights of those they find agreeable. In a recent interview, Ms. Stewart said that she wouldn’t defend, for example, Charles Schwarz, one of the police officers accused of assaulting Abner Louima. But she has defended the Black Liberation Army and others accused of killing police officers.
If CUNY Law’s students wished to demonstrate how much they abhor John Ashcroft’s assaults on civil liberties, they could have selected the most articulate and principled civil-liberties advocate I know: journalist and author Nat Hentoff. Of course, there are two problems with Mr. Hentoff. First, he believes that civil liberties extend to unborn children, and even CUNY Law is not so avant-garde to honor a pro-life civil libertarian.
Secondly, Mr. Hentoff is not a lawyer.
Then again, based on bar-exam results, neither are many of CUNY Law’s graduates.
Filed Under: Wise Guys, City University of New York System, Lynne Stewart, Nat Hentoff, Omar Abdel Rahman
SEE ALSO: Eight Day Week
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( 9 years 9 months ago ) Ocean Springs, Mississippi - 21st Century (2001 - 2018+)
( 9 years 9 months ago ) Football
( 9 years 9 months ago ) Ocean Springs Harbor
( 9 years 9 months ago ) Henry L. Girot & Cherokee Glenn
( 9 years 9 months ago ) The 1927 Ocean Springs Public School
Ocean Springs Archives
By Ray L. Bellande
Harry Del Reeks (1920 - 1982)
Walter Inglis Anderson Family and Walter Anderson Museum of Art (WAMA)
Doctors, Mayors & Aldermen
Early Black History
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Ocean Springs Families
German Families
The Antoine Victoire Bellande Family
Joachim Family
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Ocean Springs Churches
Demolished / Refurbished homes & buildings
Ferries, Bridges and the Inner Harbor
Know Our Buildings
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Ocean Springs Parks & Streets
Civil War and Spanish American War at Ocean Springs
Fort Maurepas & French Colonial (1699 - 1811)
Hancock & Harrison County
History of D'Iberville
History of St. Martin
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Newspapers & Research
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Hotels and Tourist Homes
Jackson County, Mississippi Natural Resources & Horn Island
Maritime & Seafood
The Pines Hotel Property (1915 - 2002)
The Pines Hotel was located at No. 25 Washington Avenue on the southwest corner of Washington and Ocean Avenues. The structure was situated on Lots 1, 2, and 3 of the Pace Survey of 1906. The Pace Survey is named for Emma Bullen Pace who resided on Prytania Street in New Orleans and owned other properties at Ocean Springs. The home of Charles V. and Margaret Menendes at 219 Washington Avenue lies here today.(JXCO, Ms. Chancery Court Plat Bk. 1, p. 20)
The hotel lot was well covered with tall pine trees as demonstrated by photographs of the building. These stately conifers were probably responsible for the appellation, Pines Hotel.
Pines Hotel (L-R; first two images pre-May 1921; third image after addition)
The Pines Hotel was a two-story, wood frame building of 4200 square feet. In May 1921, a new wing was commenced on the north side of the building, which was 20 x 30 feet and two stories tall. The first floor of the addition was used as the dining room, and was fitted with the most contemporary electric fixtures and appliances. The upper floor accommodated guests and provided them with adequate bath and toilet facilities. A large gallery graced the front of the building.(The Jackson County Times, May 14, 1921, p. 3)
The completed Pines Hotel contained eighteen bedrooms, six baths, two kitchens, a dining, living, and other rooms. It had the distinction of being the last hotel built at Ocean Springs.
Ernest A. Morris
[Courtesy of Patricia Maxwell Letort]
When Ernest Alfred Morris (1860-1946) purchased Lots 1 thru 3 from Mrs. Emma Bullen Pace (1851-1936) for $1000 on August 7, 1915, the Pines Hotel commenced as a commercial enterprise.(JXCO, Ms. Land Deed Bk. 41, p. 540)
The Morris Family had moved to Ocean Springs from Chicago in1910 where Mr. Morris was in the candy manufacturing business. He was a native of England, the son of Thomas Morris and Elizabeth Baker, having emigrated from that country in 1872. Morris probably settled at Chicago where he met and married his wife Chicago native, Lydia E. Meyers (1872-1933), the daughter of Leo Meyers. Two children were born in Illinois: Myrtle Morris Maxwell (1893-1970) and Robert E. Morris (1902-1970). In June 1919, Myrtle, called Nellie, married Karl C. Maxwell (1893-1958) of Ocean Springs, the stepson of Albert C. Gottsche (1873-1949) and Cynthia Davis Maxwell (1869-1951). Mr. Gottsche operated a well-known grocery store on Washington Avenue.
Ernest Morris acquired a home in Ocean Springs on Washington Avenue in late 1910, from Ellen Fox, who was divorced from Michael Gallagher. The home, which was located in Lot 5 of Block 5 (Culmseig Map of 1854), was adjacent to a very old cottage that had once belonged to the Wing and Tebo families from New Orleans. It was also once called the Bartlett Place, from the original owner, Louisa Burling Bartlett (1823-1889), an affluent New Orleans lady, who was instrumental in organizing the Presbyterian Church at Ocean Springs. The Pines Hotel was located across the street and to the north from the Morris home.(JXCO, Ms. Land Deed Bk. 38, pp. 190-191 and The Ocean Springs News, December 3, 1910)
After the home purchase, Mr. Morris left for Chicago to make arrangement for having the family furniture and personal effects shipped to Ocean Springs. As Morris intended to make his relocation to Ocean Springs permanent, he planned to improve the Gallagher house to first class status. The Gallagher and Bartlett places were destroyed in a large conflagration in late February 1924. Local realtor, F.E. Lee (1874-1932) owned the Bartlett cottage at this time.(The Ocean Springs News, December 3, 1910 and The Daily Herald, February 29, 1924, p. 3)
The Pines Hotel was built to accommodate seasonal tourist and itinerant workers. During the short history of the Pines Hotel, Ocean Springs was a citrus and garden center. Horticulturist and orchard men such as, Charles E. Pabst (1843-1925), H.D. Money (1869-1936), Theodore Bechtel (1863-1931), E.W. Halstead Sr.(1876-1933), and C.S. Bell (1843-1925), among others were actively engaged in commercial agriculture. As government inspectors were sent to survey the citrus groves and nurseries in the immediate area, they required a comfortable place to stay. The Pines Hotel afforded this ambience. Ernest A. Morris probably opened the Pines Hotel for business in October 1915. He hadThe Ocean Springs News office prepare and print an attractive brochure describing Ocean Springs and his new hotel at this time. Thomas Ewing Dabney (1885-1970) was editor of the journal.
At Thanksgiving 1915, E.A. Morris ran the following advertisement in The Ocean Springs News:
YOU WILL APPRECIATE
The beauties of the Southland doubly if you stay at THE PINES HOTEL. Situated on a lofty hill overlooking the Bay, the tang of the sea air and the health giving odor of the pines, sweep across its spacious veranda and through its commodious rooms alternately. It is a new building, having just been built, is newly furnished from top to bottom. It is screened, double floored, steam heated, and fitted with hot and cold water in each room. There are commodious baths on each floor. Special attention will be centered on the cuisine. All the delicacies of the sea and country can offer constitute the menu: Oysters, chickens, fresh milk and butter, sheephead, flounders, etc. A special effort will be made to have everything as much like home as possible. The water supply is from an artesian well.
On August 30, 1920, the Morris family sold their Pines Hotel to Albert Levy. They relocated to the Pace Cottage on Washington Avenue for the winter season. The Morrises returned to Chicago for a brief time, but returned to Ocean Springs and rented the Arndt Cottage at 822 Porter. Mr. Morris went to work for Albert Gottsche as a clerk while Robert Morris who had gone to Buffalo, New York in June 1920 to work for Curtiss Aircraft joined him, and worked in the market at the Gottsche Store.(JXCO, Ms. Land Deed Bk. 48, p. 479 and The Jackson County Times, June 12, 1920, p. 5 and September 4, 1920, p. 3)
Robert E. Morris and George E. Arndt II (1909-1994) formed an electrical contracting firm at Ocean Springs in July 1926. Armed with their pragmatic and school experience in the electrical field, they planned to do electrical wiring, installation, and repair. Their company was called the Electrical Construction Company and all work was performed within the regulations and requirements of insurance underwriters. Bob Morris was a resident of Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin in March 1954.(The Jackson County Times, July 31, 1926 and August 7, 1926)
E.A. Morris expired at Ocean Springs on May 22, 1946. He had been a charter member of the Dearborn Masonic Lodge of Chicago and a Mason for sixty-four years. Morris was a member of the Tourist Club, an election official, and enjoyed fishing the local waters.(The Jackson County Times, may 25, 1946, p. 1)
Mrs. Lydia M. Morris had expired in July 1933. She had been a member of Eastern Star Ada Chapter No. 49, which conducted her funeral rites at the Morris home and as she was passed through St. John’s Episcopal Church. Both Mr. and Mrs. E.A. Morris were interred in the Evergreen Cemetery on Old Fort Bayou.(The Daily Herald, July 26, 1933, p. 8)
Albert Levy
Albert Levy, the new proprietor of the Pines Hotel, was from New Orleans and had business interests at Meridian where he also resided. He operated the Pines with his father, Victor Levy, who lived in the Washington Avenue hostelry with his wife, Pauline Rosenthal Levy (1853-1935). Pauline R. Levy was born in Paris, the daughter of Samuel “Gates” Rosenthal. Gates Rosenthal had played in the 1883 World Chess Championship at London finishing eighth in a fiele of fourteen contestants. Pauline had come to the United States in about 1875. In addition to Albert, the Victor Levy children were: Wolfe Levy (1893-1973), Alexander Levy, Leon Levy (1895-1976), Josephine L. Green, and Bertha L. Block (1897-1990).(The Daily Herald, February 28, 1935, p. 2 and www.mark-weeks.com/chess/y3lon-ix.htm)
It was under the Levy’s excellent management that in May 1921, the Pines Hotel was enlarged with a two-story 1200 square-foot addition. The new dining room occupied the lower floor while guests rooms and bathes were upstairs.(The Jackson County Times,Mmay 14, 1921, p. 3)
Bertha Levy (1897-1990), their daughter, was married at the Pines Hotel in January 1923. Rabbi Silva of New Orleans performed the ceremony uniting her with Dr. Leon Block (1892-1974), a promising physician, of Denver, Colorado.(The Jackson County Times, January 13, 1923, p. 5)
Albert Levy owned the hotel for about five years conveying it to Frank J. Raymond (1883-1952) in May 1925. Mr. and Mrs. F.E. Lee were resident managers of the Pines Hotel for Levy in 1923-1924. They retired from this position in August 1924 and relocated to a cottage on Jackson Avenue, formerly owned by Henry Norris.(JXCO, Ms. Land Deed Bk. 55, pp. 225-226 and The Jackson County Times, August 16, 1924, p. 5)
Frank J. Raymond
Frank Joseph Raymond was married to Marguerite Delphine Lewis (1890-1961), the daughter of Alfred E. Lewis (1862-1933) and Julia Johnson Lewis (1861-1933), the builders of the Artesian House on the southwest corner of Jackson Avenue and Porter. The Raymond nuptials occurred on October 18, 1911. Their children, Mary Julia R. Genre (1913-1999) and Alfred A. Raymond (1914-1975), were born at Biloxi, Mississippi. Mary Julia married Arthur S. “Tee” Genre and resided most of her life in Port Allen, Louisiana. She was a 1935 graduate of Our Lady of the Lake School of Nursing at Baton Rouge. Alfred A. Raymond worked for the U.S. Treasury Department at Mobile. He retired to Biloxi and expired there in June 1975.(The Ocean Springs News, October 14, 1911, p. 5 and The Baton Rouge Advocate, February 9, 1999 and The Daily Herald, June 15, 1975, p. A-2)
Frank J. Raymond was the assistant Postmaster at Biloxi from 1909-1924, and cashier for the W.V. Joyce Company from 1924-1928. In fact, the newly founded, W.V. Joyce Company of Biloxi held their second annual banquet at the Pines Hotel in January 1927, with Frank Raymond serving as toastmaster. In April 1928, Mr. Raymond became President of the newly organized People Laundry at Biloxi. This position allowed him to spend more time at Ocean Springs.(The Jackson County Times, January 15, 1927, p. 3 and April 14, 1928, p. 3)
In March 1924, Governor Austin Peay and his son of Tennessee were entertained by the staff of the Pines Hotel. They went fishing in Biloxi Bay and surrounding bayous. The Jackson County Times reported that "the governor has been having good luck and some of the catches rival the best made here in recent months". At the same time, Dr. J.D. Blanton, president of Ward Belmont College in Nashville, Tennessee, was a guest at the Pines. Later in the month, Governor Peay and entourage were entertained with a luncheon at the Gulf Hills Country Club with Mr. and Mrs. Walter Branigar hosting. (The Jackson County Times, March 9, 1924, p. 5 and March 20, 1926, p. 3)
Apparently the economy in the pre-Depression days at Biloxi and Ocean Springs was poor, as Frank Raymond had gone to Houma, Louisiana to work in an oyster packing plant a few months before he sold the Pines Hotel to Mrs. Victor Levy of Biloxi in April 1929. Mrs. Levy had held a substantial mortgage on the hotel property since April 1928.(JXCO, Ms. Land Deed Bk. 62, pp. 437-438 and Deed of Trust Bk. 13, p. 83)
The Pines Hotel was temporarily closed after the sale and it was placed in the care of Charles B. Morrison (1868-1938) of Biloxi. Mr. Morrison was familiar with Ocean Springs as he had come here in early September 1911, from Flora, Illinois and operated a variety store on Washington Avenue. C.B. Morrison later lived with an elderly relative, Amanda Chick Shaffer (1841-1923), the widow of William Lafayette Shaffer (1834-1887), the proprietor of Cedar Grove Plantation near Chacahoula, Terrebonne Parish, Louisiana. Mrs. Shaffer owned White House Hill at present day 214 Washington Avenue, which was situated opposite the Pines Hotel.(The Jackson County Times, June 8, 1929, p. 1 and The Ocean Springs News, December 23, 1911)
In March 1927, William Jones possibly a guest at the Pines Hotel published a poem evoking memories of the Washington Avenue hostelry. It read as follows:
The Old Hotel I Love So Well
Sweet memories like clinging vines
Enfolds me here at The Pines
The while I cogitate a song
They bring me treasures all day long
From out their storehouse, old and new
And tell me where each flour grew
Then each one in their eagerness
Would add some to my happiness
One tells me that a faithful friend
Is like yon rose's richer blend
And whispers of a pearly tear
That harkens back to yester-year
Thus while embraced with slumberings
Among the pines at Ocean Springs
Sprite fairies come from flowering June
To whisper of a silvery moon
Who would reveal a path he's made
Of mysteries and magic shade
Upon the ocean's broad expanse
A floor for dimpled waves to dance
Till paling beams ride o'er the crest
Of morning's beaming loveliness
And dawn with loads of gladness brings
The smiling day at Ocean Springs.
(The Jackson County Times, March 12, 1927)
During 1931, it appears that Mrs. Levy leased the Pines Hotel to Mr. and Mrs. F.H. Bottenfield of Chicago, probably.
Spring flames
Like so many of Ocean Spring's historic structures, the Pines Hotel burned to the ground. A fire of unknown origin started late in the evening of May 5, 1932 and was discovered shortly after 2 a.m. on May 6th. The loss was estimated at approximately $20,000. The structure was never rebuilt.(The Daily Herald, May 6, 1932, p. 1)
Post-fire
With the poor economic climate created by the Depression, Pauline R. Levy ceased paying the real estate taxes on her vacant Washington Avenue lots. In April 1933, she lost her Pines Hotel property to the State of Mississippi in a tax sale for $65.75. At this time, she was residing at Biloxi on 819 East Howard Avenue. Mrs. Levy expired at Biloxi on February 28, 1935. Her remains were sent to the Orthodox Cemetery at New Orleans for burial. Her son, Leon Levy and spouse, Rebecca Levy (1900-1978), lived at Biloxi on Seal Avenue for most of their lives.(The Daily Herald, February 28, 1935, p. 2)
In July 1939, Guy McCullen, Land Commissioner for the State of Mississippi, issued a forfeited tax sale land patent, No. 37,593, to William G. Slay II on Lots 1, 2 and 3 of the Pace Survey, for $150. Mr. Slay’s patent was confirmed by Chancellor Dan M. Russell in December 1940.(JXCO, Ms. Land Deed Bk. 73, pp 604-605 and JXCO, Ms. Chancery Court Cause No. 6253)
William Gray Slay II (1911-1951) resided at Biloxi, Mississippi where he was a mail carrier in the U.S. postal system. Mr. Slay was the son of W.G. Slay and Willie Rafield. He was married to Marguerite Lowd Slay and their son, William Gray Slay III, is today a successful realtor who resides and maintains offices in Biloxi.(JXCO, Ms. Land Deed Bk. 73, pp. 604-605 and The Daily Herald, October 15, 1951, p. 10)
In May 1941, the Heirs of Mrs. Victor Levy conveyed to Albert S. Johnson II, Lots 1 and 2 of the Pace Survey for $300.(JXCO, Ms. Land Deed Bk. 77, pp. 131-133)
In June 1941, W.G. Slay II of Biloxi to Albert S. Johnson II for $400 Lots 1 and 2 of the Pace Survey.(JXCO, Ms. Land Deed Bk. 77, p. 639)
In August 1945, Albert S. Johnson II to Stella G. Joachim for $1200.(JXCO, Ms. Land Deed Bk. 97, pp 12-13).
Mr. Johnson sold Lot 3 of the Pace survey to Lee E. Jordan in February 1945.(JXCO, Ms. Land Deed Bk. 88, pp. 391-392)
After the conflagration, the lots lie undeveloped for about fifteen years. In May 1947, Stella G. Joachim conveyed them to Frank “Kiddo” E. Galle II (1900-1986) for $1710.(JXCO, Ms. Land Deed Bk. 97, p. 8)
The Galle-Menendes House
The Galle-Menendes is located a present day 219 Washington Avenue on Lot 1 and 2 of the Pace Survey of 1906. The lots measured 100 feet by 200 feet. (JXCO, Ms. Plat Bk. 1, p. 20)
In October 1950, Frank Galle was completing the home. It was described as: Frank and Gussie Galle are building one of the swankiest ones yet on their lot on Washington Avenue. Brick floors throughout the house, a dream of a fireplace in the living room that will also open in the kitchen. Frank made his own plans for his home…and it is really something.(The Gulf Coast Times, October 13, 1950, p. 7)
The History of Jackson County, Mississippi, “Walter and Cleo Gulley”, (Jackson County Genealogical Society: Pascagoula, Mississippi-1989)
Mississippi Department of Archives and History, National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination Form,“Old Ocean Springs Historic District”, Item 7, 1979.
C.E. Schmidt, Ocean Springs French Beachhead, (Lewis Printing Services: Pascagoula-1972), p. 79.
Chancery Court Causes
Cause No. 6253, “W.G. Slay Jr. v. Albert Levy, et al”-May 1940.
Cause No. 10646, “Frank Galle v. Mrs. Theone Galle”-February 1949.
The Baton Rouge Advocate, “Mary Raymond Genre”, February 9, 1999.
The Daily Herald, “Burned Residence Was Old Landmark”, February 29, 1924.
The Daily Herald, “Pines Hotels Burns”, May 6, 1932.
The Daily Herald, “Morris Funeral”, July 26, 1933.
The Daily Herald, Mrs. Victor Levy Dies”, February 28, 1935.
The Daily Herald, “W.G. Slay Jr. Dies After Long Illness”, October 15, 1951.
The Daily Herald, “Watson Wood Is Named To Biloxi Hospital Board”, October 7, 1957, p. 9.
The Daily Herald, “E. Watson Wood”, September 27, 1972.
The Daily Herald, “Alfred A. Raymond”, June 15, 1975.
The Gulf Coast Times, “Cottages Being Built”, October 13, 1950.
The Gulf Coast Times, “Chicago Residents Purchase Property”, November 3, 1950.
The Gulf Coast Times, “Personal Items”, November 24, 1950.
The Gulf Coast Times, “The Good Old Summer Time Is Here But For How Long Is Not The Story”, March 15, 1951.
The Gulf Coast Times, “Merry Makers”, March 3, 1954.
The Jackson County Times, June 1, 1916, p. 1.
The Jackson County Times, September 9, 1916, p. 5.
The Jackson County Times, "Local News Items", June 12, 1920.
The Jackson County Times, "Local News Items", September 4, 1920.
The Jackson County Times, "Local News Items", October 2, 1920.
The Jackson County Times, "Local and Personal", May 14, 1921.
The Jackson County Times, "Local and Personal", January 13, 1923.
The Jackson County Times, "Local and Personal", March 9, 1924.
The Jackson County Times, “Local and Personal”, August 16, 1924.
The Jackson County Times, “To Our Hostess At The Pines”, March 20, 1926.
The Jackson County Times, “Local and Personal”, July 31, 1926.
The Jackson County Times, “Electrical Construction Company”, August 7, 1926.
The Jackson County Times, "Employees of Biloxi Store Enjoy Banquet at The Pines Hotel", January 15, 1927, p. 3, c. 1.
The Jackson County Times, “Local and Personal”, March 12, 1927.
The Jackson County Times, "Frank Raymond President of New Laundry Company", April 14, 1928, p. 3.
The Jackson County Times, “The Pines Hotel In hands Of Former Owner”, June 8, 1929.
The Jackson County Times, “E.A. Morris Dies”, May 25, 1946.
The Mississippi Press, “Gulley files for bankruptcy”, September 15, 2000.
The Mississippi Press, “Appeal Denied; Gulley jailed”, January 10, 2001.
The Ocean Springs News, “Local News”, December 3, 1910.
The Ocean Springs News, “Local News”, October 14, 1911.
The Ocean Springs News, “The Pines Hotel”, Thanksgiving 1915.
The Ocean Springs News, “Heart Fund Drive Opens Today; Watson Wood Heading Fund to Fight Top Death Cause”, February 19, 1959.
The Ocean Springs News, “Services Thursday For Gertrude Wood”, June 7, 1962.
The Ocean Springs News, “Wood-Parker”, December 17, 1964.
The Ocean Springs Record, “Rain, Hail, Sleet, nor”, May 16, 1968.
The Ocean Springs Record, “Prominent Civic Leader Dies”, September 28, 1972.
The Ocean Springs Record, “Wood Memorial Garden Dedication”, April 12, 1973.
The Ocean Springs Record, “E. Watson Wood Garden Dedicated”, April 19, 1973.
The Ocean Springs Record, “Anita Louise Pontius”, April 24, 1986.
The Sun Herald, “Frank Galle Jr.”, September 30, 1986.
The Sun Herald, “Company denies it knew about Gulley”, July 25, 1998.
The Sun Herald, “Embezzler’s new trial to be moved”, April 20, 2001.
Sanborn Map (New York), "Ocean Springs, Mississippi", (1925)-Sheet 5.
Photographs:
Courtesy of Katherine Hamilton-Smith, Curator Special Collections, at the Curt Teich Postcard Archives, Wauconda, Illinois.
U.S. Census - Jackson County, Mississippi (1910 and 1920).
Personal Communication:
J.K. Lemon-August 1992
Robert Maxwell-August 1992
George E. Arndt, Jr.-August 1992
Dr. William Pontius-December 1992
Mara Lou Guice Galle Hutto-February 26, 2002
‹ The Ocean Springs Hotel up The Shanahan House (1894 - 1919) ›
Contact Ocean Springs Archives
Cemeteries of West Jackson County, Mississippi
German Families of Ocean Springs
Dr. H.B. Powell's Sanitarium - The Bayou Inn (1906 - 1994)
French Hotel-Edwards House (1896 - 1969)
Hubbard-Armstrong-Bauman House
Seashore House (1855? - 1886)
The Artesian House (1891 - 1936)
The Beach Hotel - New Beach Hotel (1899 - 1921)
The Eglin House (1906 - 1968)
The Illing House (1870 - 1905)
The Morris House (1854 - 1900)
The O'Keefe Boarding House (1881 - 1910)
The Ocean Springs Hotel
The Shanahan House (1894 - 1919)
The Vahle House (1900 - 1916)
The Vancleave Hotel (1880 - 1920)
The White House (1877 - 1911)
Additional Structures
Biloxi Historical Society by Ray L. Bellande
About OSA
Presenting the history and genealogy of Ocean Springs, Mississippi, a wonderful and diverse community on the Mexican Gulf, which was founded by French Canadian soldiers of fortune and their French cohorts with the establishment of Fort Maurepas, in April 1699. Ocean Springs was incorporated in September 1892.
15.04.2010 ray 20,157
21.04.2010 ray 9,503
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Rupp Family
19.04.2010 0 ray 177
Rehage Family
Ocean Springs, Mississippi - 21st Century (2001 - 2018+)
© 2020, Ray L. Bellande & Ocean Springs Archives // Magnetic Arrow Biloxi Web Design
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Home / Oxford Diecast Model Cars All Scales of Vehicles / Oxford Diecast Morris Eight E Series Saloon Red/black
Oxford Diecast Morris Eight E Series Saloon Red/black
Product Code: 76MES006
The Morris Eight Series E represented a major upgrade of the original Series Eight model and was produced between 1938 and 1948, during which time over 120,000 were sold. It came in several formats and our Oxford version is based on the 4-door saloon, registered AVV 361. Designwise, the series E was longer, wider and heavier with internal refinements like a parcel tray the length of the dashboard and an inbuilt luggage compartment. The car had a four speed gearbox with synchromesh in 2nd, 3rd and top gear and had a top speed of 58 mph.
The 1:76 scale Oxford replica is decorated in bright red with black masking to wings, wheel arches and wheel rims, with additional trim in silver. The interior is dark red, rounding off a vehicle which spanned the immediate pre-World War II period through to the late 1940s.
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You are looking at 1-20 of 710 items for:
Ethical Issues and Debates x clear all
“A Conspiracy to Destroy the Faith of Children”
Brandon Haught.
in Going Ape
Chapter. Subjects: Ethical Issues and Debates. 3739 words.
In the late 1980s, a high school teacher became the focus of attention in Broward County when it was discovered he had been teaching creationism in his class without official approval....
Go to University Press of Florida » abstract
“A Globe within Him”
Crystal Parikh.
in Writing Human Rights
October 2017; p ublished online May 2018 .
Chapter. Subjects: Ethical Issues and Debates. 15162 words.
Chapter Three examines Susan Choi’s novel The Foreign Student and the UN Convention Against Torture together to educe a formulation of the “right to the security of person.” It demonstrates...
Go to University of Minnesota Press » abstract
“A History of Hoaxes, Deception, and Deceit”
Rev. Clarence E. Winslow tried his anti-evolution pitch again in Manatee County in 1983. A new school board member seemed receptive. This effort climaxed at a packed school board meeting...
“A Spirit of Compromise and Conciliation”
In the aftermath of Hillsborough County mandating the inclusion of creationism to balance the teaching of evolution in classrooms, other counties now faced the dilemma of whether or not...
‘A Very Highly Political Job’: Human Rights Practice, ‘The Political’, and Practitioners' Dilemmas in Sri Lanka
Vijay K. Nagaraj and Shermal Wijewardene.
in Journal of Human Rights Practice
November 2014; p ublished online November 2014 .
Journal Article. Subjects: Ethical Issues and Debates; Human Rights and Immigration; Human Rights; Politics; Social Movements and Social Change. 10094 words.
This article focuses on narratives of dilemmas and tensions arising from the relationship between human rights practice in Sri Lanka and what we broadly term ‘the political’: a) human...
Abbott, Grace
Julie Longo and Sandra F. VanBurkleo.
in American National Biography Online
January 1999; p ublished online February 2000 .
Reference Entry. Subjects: Social and Cultural History; Society and Culture; US Politics; Ethical Issues and Debates; Social Justice and Human Rights. 1955 words.
Abbott, Grace (17 November 1878–19 June 1939), social worker and administrator, was born in Grand Island, Nebraska, the daughter of Othman Ali Abbott, a lawyer and politician, and Elizabeth...
Abdy, Edward Strutt (1791–1846), campaigner against slavery and racism
Elizabeth Baigent.
in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
September 2004; p ublished online September 2004 .
Reference Entry. Subjects: Ethical Issues and Debates; Social Justice and Human Rights; Slavery and Abolition of Slavery. 671 words.
Abdy, Edward Strutt (1791–1846), campaigner against slavery and racism, was the fifth and youngest son of Thomas Abdy Abdy, born Thomas Abdy Rutherford (1755–1798), Church of England...
Abuse and Attachment
in Erotic Attunement
June 2011; p ublished online March 2013 .
This chapter investigates the dominant theory of incest's harm to children, which concentrates on the ways in which abuse damages development and attachment. Moral theologian André...
Go to University of Chicago Press » abstract
Advancing Human Rights in Post-Authoritarian Communities through Education
Benjamin Gregg.
July 2015; p ublished online May 2015 .
For two decades now, the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, as well as Russia, have been transitioning from authoritarian pasts to somewhat more liberal forms of social and political...
An Aesthetics of Kin and the Rights of the Child
The Conclusion describes how the construction of the child as a human rights subject in the Convention on the Rights of the Child insists upon a human right to family, which in turn...
Nathan H. Lents.
in Not So Different
May 2016; p ublished online January 2017 .
Fear is one of the most primal emotions in animals and humans. Hardwired as a reflex, it is very difficult to consciously control or overcome.
Go to Columbia University Press » abstract
Against mumps, Meursault, Mcdonald’s and Marlboro
Inez de Beaufort.
in From reason to practice in bioethics
April 2015; p ublished online January 2016 .
Suppose a state proposes a vaccination against Smoking, Alcohol and Drugs, the SAD programme. Children could be vaccinated not only against mumps and measles but also against enjoying...
Go to Manchester University Press » abstract
The Agony of Grief
Humans and animals grieve our losses in similar ways because the neurobiology of attachment and grief are the same.
AIDS, Culture, and Africa
Edited by Douglas A. Feldman.
October 2008; p ublished online September 2011 .
Book. Subjects: Ethical Issues and Debates. 312 pages.
Too often, approaches to dealing with the problems posed by the spread of HIV have been one dimensional, with the assumption that what works in one place will work in another. This book...
Douglas A. Feldman.
in AIDS, Culture, and Africa
This chapter reviews the literature on the anthropological contribution to the understanding of HIV/AIDS in Africa. It discusses HIV prevention campaigns, male circumcision, AIDS orphans,...
Alcindor, John (1873–1924), general practitioner and leader of the African Progress Union
Jeffrey Green.
Reference Entry. Subjects: Ethical Issues and Debates; Social Justice and Human Rights; Medicine and Health. 813 words.
Alcindor, John (1873–1924), general practitioner and leader of the African Progress Union, was born on 8 or 9 July 1873 in Port of Spain, Trinidad, the son of Francis Alcindor, cocoa...
Aligning for Impact: Human Rights
Colleen Duggan.
Journal Article. Subjects: Ethical Issues and Debates; Human Rights and Immigration; Human Rights; Politics; Social Movements and Social Change. 2170 words.
This is an edited version of a paper presented at the tenth annual conference of the Global Philanthropy Forum (GPF), held in Redwood City, California, in April 2011. The GPF aims to enable...
Allen [née Gill], Marjory, Lady Allen of Hurtwood (1897–1976), landscape architect and promoter of child welfare
Hal Moggridge.
Reference Entry. Subjects: Landscape Art and Architecture; Architecture; Social and Cultural History; Ethical Issues and Debates. 1209 words.
Allen [née Gill], Marjory, Lady Allen of Hurtwood (1897–1976), landscape architect and promoter of child welfare, was born on 10 May 1897 at Hazelstubbs, Gravel Hill, Bexleyheath, the...
Allinson, Thomas Richard (1858–1918), dietitian and businessman
T. A. B. Corley.
Reference Entry. Subjects: Business and Management; Medicine and Health; Social and Cultural History; Ethical Issues and Debates. 879 words.
Allinson, Thomas Richard (1858–1918), dietitian and businessman, was born at 43 Rumford Street, Hulme, Lancashire, on 29 March 1858, the son of Thomas Allinson, a bookkeeper, and his wife,...
Already Doing It
Michael Gill.
Tracing the history of efforts in the United States to limit the sexual freedoms of such persons, using methods such as forced sterilization, invasive birth control, and gender-segregated...
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University of Otago 1869-2019
~ writing a history
The book is out!
Posted by Ali in Uncategorized
This blog started in 2013, at the beginning of the project to research and write a new history of the University of Otago – now the book is here! The official launch is in March, as part of the 150th celebrations, but the book is for sale now in bookstores or through Otago University Press. Otago: 150 Years of New Zealand’s First University is an attractive 475-page hardback with jacket and includes numerous images; its price is $50. Happy reading!
From surgeon to student: a residential history of 86 Queen Street
Posted by Ali in buildings, student life
flatting, philosophy, politics
This post was researched and written by University of Otago history student Bree Wooller in 2017.
86 Queen Street 2016. Photographed by Bree Wooller.
North Dunedin has not always been occupied by students. For most of its history it has been just another suburb. Now, the houses are crumbling, and we risk losing the heritage and character that has become iconic to the area.
The gold rush of the 1860s made Dunedin the richest and most highly populated province in New Zealand.[1] This influx of wealth influenced the building of large, elegant, houses along the town belt. In 1880, David Henderson built a house at 86 Queen Street. In its early years 86 Queen was considered a charming, first-class, modern residence.[2] The early occupants were wealthy; regular adverts posted in the local papers look for domestic help, and furniture auctions reveal the occupants lavish lifestyle.[3] Walnut pianos, marble vases, and oil paintings were common furnishings in 86 Queen Street at the time.[4]
Professor Salmond had a brief occupancy till his death in 1917. Photographed by Morris, 1914. Image courtesy of Hocken Collections, P2018-013-005.
John Laing, a ‘foreign agent,’ owned the house from 1909 to 1924. He lived there with his wife Kathleen, son John Carroll, and daughter Katherine.[5] John Carroll Laing was killed in action in Italy, 1943.[6] Professor William Salmond, known for his position on the chair of mental and moral philosophy at Otago University, appears to have resided at the house for a brief amount of time up until his death in 1917.[7] Kathleen Laing’s brother, Dr Francis Hotop, a surgeon at Dunedin Hospital lived with the family for a period around 1922.[8] Their father, Lewis Hotop, a pharmacist and three-time Mayor of Queenstown, was also living at the residence until his death in 1922.[9]
House Interior 2016. Contrast of modern repairs and older features in balusters and stained window panes. Photographed by Bree Wooller, July 2016.
A new upstairs room was added in 1913, electricity was connected during the renovations.[10] In 1926, a garage was added at the front of the house.[11]
90 years ago, Dunedin was feeling the effects of the Great Depression.[12] Large houses along the town belt became too hard to maintain during this economic downturn, most were split into multiple dwellings. In the late 1930s, 86 Queen Street was split into a top and bottom flat.[13]
The house was rented in this period by a fast-changing array of occupants. Tenants included Miss Anna Glover, a spinster, who lived in the top flat 1940 to 1946, and an engineer named David Jack, who lived in the bottom flat from 1939-41.[14] The flat was owned by a retired salesman, Thomas McGoldrick, from 1944 till his death in 1969.[15] In 1958, the iconic yellow roughcasting replaced the houses traditional wooden exterior, making it resemble its present-day appearance.
Between 1969 and 1979, 86 Queen Street was owned and occupied by Richard Mulgan and his wife Margaret.[16] Mulgan was a professor of political studies at Otago University, known for his role on the New Zealand Royal Commission of 1985, which recommended the adoption of an MMP political system. Mulgan converted 86 Queen back to a single house, and remodelled the kitchen in 1976. From 1979, the flat was owned and occupied by Duncan Roper and his wife Mirrel.[17] Duncan was a tutor at the university while residing in the house.
50 years ago, the university roll was on a steady climb, and the number of students wanting to flat was on the rise.[18] In 1956, 17% of the student population lived in flats, and this rose to 39% of students in 1972.[19]
Student Occupation at 86 Queen Street. Photographed by Bree Wooller, October 2016.
The beginning of student occupation at 86 Queen Street is ambiguous. Names and dates in an upstairs room suggest students were living in the flat from 2001, if not earlier. 86 Queen Street became known as “The Yeast Infection” in 2008.
In 2017, we face the continued issue of degrading student flats. Maintenance and care is needed to preserve old houses such as 86 Queen Street. Without this, many historic flats will be demolished. Along with them, aspects of student culture, and landmarks of the first settler’s Dunedin will be lost forever.
[1] Erik Olssen, A History of Otago (Dunedin, N.Z. : McIndoe,1984), 69.
[2] Park, Reynolds and Co, “Charming City Residence and Choice Piece of Ground” Evening Star (Issue: 11528), 20th April 1901.
[3] Gow, “Wanted, Respectful General Servant”, Evening Star (Issue 11411), 1 December 1900.; Mrs Laing “Wanted, Young Lady”, Evening Star (Issue: 14150), 30th October 1913.; Mrs George Mackie, “Wanted, Young Girl” Otago Daily Times (Issue: 19225), 16th July 1924.
[4] Park, Reynolds and Co, “Superior Household Furniture”, Evening Star (Issue: 11528), 20th April 1901.
[5] Laing, “Birth Notices”, Otago Witness (Issue 3060), 6th November 1912; Wise’s New Zealand Post Office Directory, 1909-1924.
[6] Northern Cemetery, block 191, plot 86, 85. New Zealand, Cemetery Records, 1800-2007. Ancestry.com.
[7] “Auctions – Estate of the Late Professor Salmond” Evening Star (Issue 16422), 12th May 1917.; Wise’s New Zealand Post Office Directory, 1917.
[8] Dr F. R. Hotop, “Professional Advertisement – Commenced Practice”, Otago Daily Times (Issue 18518), 31st March 1922.
[9] Hotop “Death Notice”, Otago Daily Times, (Issue 18673), 30th September 1922.
[10] Electricity Records, 3rd July 1913. Register No. 3329. Dunedin City Council Archives.
[11] Building Plans, 1926. No. 8788. Dunedin City Council Archives.
[12] Olssen, 90.
[13] Electricity Records, 24th June 1940. Register No. 32313. Dunedin City Council Archives.
[14] Wise’s New Zealand Post Office Directory, 1940, 1942, 1943, 1946.; Electricity Records Register No. 32313.
[15] Anderson Bay Cemetery, block 259, plot 27. New Zealand, Cemetery Records, 1800-2007. Ancestry.com; Electricity Records Register No. 32313; Wise’s New Zealand Post Office Directory, 1947, 1950-1, 1953-4, 1955.
[16] Dunedin, Otago, 1978. New Zealand Electoral Rolls, 1853–1981. Auckland, New Zealand: BAB microfilming. Microfiche publication, 4032 fiche. Ancestry.com.
[17] Dunedin, Otago, 1981. New Zealand Electoral Rolls, 1853–1981.
[18] Debby Foster “No Mixing By Students” in Tower Turmoil: Characters and Controversies at the University of Otago, ed. Time Keepers. (Dunedin: Department of History, University of Otago, 2005) 129
[19] Sam Elworthy, Ritual Song of Defiance: A Social History of Students at the University of Otago, (Dunedin: OUSA, 1990), 199.
Auckland Museum Online Cenotaph. J C Laing. Record: C28301, Service Number: 600485.
Building Plans, No. 8788. Dunedin City Council Archives.
Evening Star. Dunedin, New Zealand, 1 December 1900 – 12 May 1917.
Electricity Records, 3rd July 1913. Register No. 3329. Dunedin City Council Archives.
Electricity Records, 24th June 1940. Register No. 32313. Dunedin City Council Archives.
Elworthy, Sam. Ritual Song of Defiance: A Social History of Students at the University of Otago. Dunedin: OUSA. 1990.
Foster, Debby. “No Mixing By Students.” In Tower Turmoil: Characters and Controversies at the University of Otago, edited by Time Keepers. Dunedin: Department of History, University of Otago. 2005.
McLeod, Catherine. “Halls of residence in the 1960s: curfews, couples and controversy.” In Tower Turmoil: Characters and Controversies at the University of Otago, edited by Time Keepers. Dunedin: Department of History, University of Otago. 2005.
New Zealand Electoral Rolls, 1853–1981. Auckland, New Zealand: BAB microfilming. Microfiche publication, 4032 fiche. Ancestry.com.
New Zealand, Cemetery Records, 1800-2007. Ancestry.com.
Olssen, Erik. A History of Otago. Dunedin: McIndoe, 1984.
Otago Daily Times. Dunedin, New Zealand, 31 March 1922 – 16 July 1924.
Otago Witness, Dunedin, New Zealand, 17 March 1898.- 6 November 1912.
Professor W. Salmond, by Morris Phot, 1914. Hocken Collections (c/nF189/1)
Wise’s New Zealand Post Office Directory, 1898-1955. New Zealand, City & Area Directories, 1866-1955. Microfilm publication, 921 fiche. Anne Bromell Collection. Ancestry.com.
Keeping it fresh for 121 years: Scents of the Student Christian Movement Otago
Posted by Ali in student life
clubs, religion
This blog post was written by University of Otago history student Rachel Tombs in 2017.
“Our most important function seems to be the “air freshening”: clearing the air on the foggy, obstructive concepts of Christianity.”[1]
“The Bible in one hand, a newspaper in the other and the critic in your back pocket.” Cartoon by David Hayward and Rachel Tombs 2017. Image courtesy of SCMO.
Since the first meeting of the Otago Christian Union in 1896, its members were determined to provide a fresh approach to Christianity on campus. As descendants of the OCU, in 2017 the Student Christian Movement is focused on that same purpose. The core values; openness, education, outward vision, a foundation in Christ and the formation of student leaders, have simultaneously kept the mission of SCMO up to date and linked together Otago SCMers through the years.
Jack Bennet wrote in the NZSCM magazine “Open Windows” in 1931, “our witness must be as broadly Christian as it is possible to make it”.[2] This openness is seen throughout SCM’s history in the “free flowing” membership, and its resolution to include all people and ecumenism. [3]
Originally the only prerequisite for joining was to acknowledge Jesus Christ as saviour and to agree to abide by the constitution.[4] In the 50s as long as you felt comfortable in an “atmosphere of questioning and openness…you came along”.[5] To this day SCMO has not required a formal sign up process to attend. Aleshia Lawson describes a place where, “you can be whoever you want, I’ve never encountered any boundaries”.[6]
Through the decades SCMO has been intentional about encouraging a diversity of voices to be involved. Advertising from the 1960s proudly reads, “meet people who may or may not share your views”. [7] The first membership roll includes students from across the schools of Arts, Medicine, Mining, and Divinity.[8] The Constitution of 1896 was amended four years later to insist if the President was not a woman, the Vice President should be.[9] This policy of gender parity has since been extended to all committees and is echoed in the national and global movement.[10] The commitment to inclusion applies also to a bicultural society, demonstrated in 1993 when SCMO affirmed the national movement’s decision to incorporate the Treaty of Waitangi fully into the constitution.[11]
The primary object of the Christian Union in 1901 was to strengthen the bonds among all Christian students.[12] Initially this meant the movement was interdenominational Protestant, but by the 1970s had widened to include Roman Catholics.[13] Even before this, in the 1950s, SCMO held annual combined events with the Catholic Students’ Association. Reflecting on these events, the President wrote in 1955 “SCM is a very important field for the ecumenical encounter”.[14] SCMO continues this legacy as a current member of the Combined Christian Group.[15]
The openness of SCMO applies as much to thought as it does to people. The application of critical thought and study to faith has always been a distinguishing characteristic. Within one month of their first meeting, the executive committee set up a lending library in May 1896.[16] Study circles were also a key part of the weekly routine from this time up until the 1970s. These circles provided a place for thinking, discussion and asking questions. Russell Thew reflects that students were encouraged to “see their discipline in a much wider context.”[17] A rolling programme of guest speakers bolstered this kind of thinking. Michael Wallace describes “wanting to get into theology and really tease out some ideas.”[18] Many of these guests were local clergy or academics, but some prominent New Zealanders also left their influence on the movement, for example Ormond Burton was a keen contributor to conferences in the 1930s.[19]
New Zealand Student Christian Movement Group gather for national conference at Knox College, ca 1970. Including James Baxter (seated left of centre) and Tim Shadbolt (back row right of centre). Image courtesy of the Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington, Ref: PAColl-2173.
The motto adopted in 1906, “the evangelisation of the world in our generation” reflects the global aspirations of the movement. In 1896 members from the Otago Christian Union, travelled to Melbourne to attend a conference at which the Australasian Student Christian Movement was established.[20] These students were the first of many to enjoy and learn from the international connections SCMO brought. This internationalism quickly entered the discussions and activity back at home. The international friendships which developed from these conferences increased the feeling of solidarity with other countries, particularly those in the Asia- Pacific region.[21] As Peter Matheson says “there was an awareness that we weren’t just a wee blip belonging basically to Britain.”
This outward vision manifested in local activity. The Student Volunteer Movement was the dedicated branch for “mission work, especially for and by students” until the 1930s.[22] At this time the movement was split as some members felt politics and social work had ousted God and the Bible as the central purpose.[23] While the split caused the influence of the movement to wane, politics did not disappear from SCMO. After the First World War SCMers fundraised for European refugees. In 1959 they marched down George Street in Dunedin’s first anti nuclear protest.[24] Years later, during the occupations of the registry in 1993 and 1996, SCMers joined the crowds with their “God hates fees” sign and provided healthy snacks to keep energy up amongst protestors. [25] SCMO’s history is rich with campaigns like these.
Despite this activism, SCMO never strayed far from its Christian foundations. The very establishment of the Union was to enrich the lives of followers of Christ at the University. Russell Thew says that in his experience the Christian element was a major part. It was important to “take seriously the call for discipleship”.[26] Julanne Clarke-Morris recalls in the 1990s that while the group welcomed students outside the church with an interest in activism, “our constitution was very clear that we were Christian”. Although, particularly after 1930, this strand of Christianity was different to that of the conservative mainline of most churches. It was a group “prepared to be critical of its own tradition” with “a sort of impatience with traditional patterns of piety”.[27] A new member described this solid but unconventional discipleship in a 1968 newsletter, “Scmers built ungeometric and very shaky pyramids on pure faith”.[28]
Members of SCMO attend the National Conference in 2016. Spencer Park, Christchurch. Image courtesy of SCMA.
The same fresher added “scmers never stayed still or silent for long.” SCMO formed students into competent, confident and active leaders. It was a place where students were encouraged to think for themselves and develop into “adult Christians”.[29] In the 1950s one of the movement’s objectives was to earn members “the right to dissent”. [30] Julanne Clarke Morris echoes this “if it wasn’t for SCM I wouldn’t have that sort of confidence in my own interpretation.”
Student movements tend to be places where distinctive common characteristics are held.[31] In the case of SCMO the core values distinguish it from other student and Christian groups. SCMO does not wish to be church in a traditional sense, but could never be considered simply “a youth group”.[32] It is the interaction of these values: openness to people and thought, internationalism and social justice, student leadership, all with Christ at the centre, which combined together smell like the air freshener that is SCMO, throughout its 121 years.
Berry, Christine. The New Zealand Student Christian Movement 1896-1996: A Centennial History. Christchurch.: NZ, SCMA, 1999.
Lineham, Peter. “Finding a space for evangelicalism: Evangelical Youth Movements in New Zealand”, in Voluntary religion: papers read at the 1985 Summer Meeting and the 1986 Winter Meeting of the Ecclesiastical History Society, ed.W. J Sheils and Diana Wood. Oxford, UK.: Blackwell, 1986.
Otago University Student Christian Movement Records 1896-1973 (90-138, boxes 1-5) Hocken Archives Dunedin.
Peter Matheson, involved late 1950s and 1981- 2017, interview by the author, Dunedin New Zealand, 20th September 2017.
Russell Thew, involved 1966-1973, interview by the author, Dunedin New Zealand, 20th September, 2017.
Julanne Clarke-Morris, involved 1990 -1997, interview by the author, Dunedin New Zealand, 27th September 2017.
Michael Wallace, involved 1989-2017, interview by the author, Dunedin New Zealand, 27th September 2017.
Aleshia Lawson, involved 2013-2017, interview by the author, Dunedin New Zealand, 29th September 2017.
John Graveston, involved 2013-2017, interview by the author, Dunedin New Zealand, 29th September 2017.
[1] Geoff and Helen White, “A New Fundamentalism” for the SCMO Newsletter, ca. 1968, Student Christian Movement, 90-138, box 4, Hocken Collections Dunedin.
[2] Open Windows, vol.5 no. 2, April 1931, in The New Zealand Student Christian Movement 1896-1996: A Centennial History, Christine Berry (Christchurch.: NZ, SCMA, 1999), 1:8.
[3] Peter Matheson, interview by the author, Dunedin New Zealand, 20th September 2017. Involvement late 1950s, 1981 – 2017.
[4] Minute Book for the Executive Committee, 1896 -1910, Student Christian Movement, 90-138, box 1, Hocken Collections Dunedin.
[5] Peter Matheson
[6] Aleshia Lawson, interview by the author, Dunedin New Zealand, 29th September, 2017. Involvement 2013-2017.
[7] SCMO Newsletters 1958-1972, Student Christian Movement, 90-138, box 4, Hocken Collections Dunedin.
[8] Record Book Otago Christian Union, 1896 -1904, Student Christian Movement, 90-138, box 3, Hocken Collections Dunedin.
[9] Minute Book for the executive committee, 1896-1910.
[10] John Graveston, interview by author, Dunedin New Zealand, 29th September 2017. Involvement 2013-2017.
[11] Berry, appendix 2.
[12] Record Book Otago Christian Union, 1896 -1904.
[13] Michael Wallace, interview by author, 27th September 2017. Involvement 1989-2017.
[14] Presidents Book 1955-1972, Student Christian Movement, 90-138, box 2, Hocken Collections Dunedin.
[15] John Graveston
[16] Minute Book of the Executive Committee 1896-1910.
[17] Russell Thew, interview by author, Dunedin New Zealand, 20th September 2017. Involvement 1966-1973.
[18] Michael Wallace
[19] Julanne Clarke-Morris, interview by author, Dunedin New Zealand, 27th September 2017. Involvement 1990-1997. Berry, 2:4.
[20] Minute Book of the Executive Committee 1896 -1910.
[21] Julanne Clarke-Morris, interview by author, Dunedin New Zealand, 27th September.
[22] Record Book, 1896-1904.
[23] Berry, 2:6-9. Peter Lineham, “Finding a space for evangelicalism: Evangelical Youth Movements in New Zealand”, in Voluntary religion: papers read at the 1985 Summer Meeting and the 1986 Winter Meeting of the Ecclesiastical History Society, ed.W. J Sheils and Diana Wood (Oxford, UK.: Blackwell, 1986), 485.
[24] Peter Matheson
[25] Julanne Clarke-Morris
[26] Russell Thew
[27] Julanne Clarke Morris. Lineham, 483. Peter Matheson.
[28] SCMO Newsletters 1958-1972
[31] Lineham, 477.
Note: Ian Dougherty’s ‘Whatever happened to the Student Christian Movement?’ in the University of Otago Magazine, 46, April 2018, drew on the unpublished work that Rachel completed for this blog in 2017.
Posted by annablackman2017 in buildings
1870s, 1930s
The university’s first home, complete with ‘loungers’, photographed around 1877. Image courtesy of the Hocken Collections, University of Otago Library records, 96-111/15, S17-612b.
The University of Otago had its first home in Dunedin’s first Oamaru-stone building, designed by William Mason in neoclassical style for a post office. As the building neared completion in 1867, Dunedinites began imagining other uses for it; provincial superintendent James Macandrew suggested it ‘might be turned to much better account than that of a Post Office’. He convinced the government to turn the building over to the province in exchange for a more modest post office building. Locals were already using the ‘new post office’ for meetings and balls, but its first long-term tenant was the Otago Museum. It was the obvious accommodation for the university, and in 1871 – the year that classes began – it moved in. The building wasn’t perfect: the University Council reported it spent ‘a large sum in providing a new roof for the hall, in altering the staircase, and in adapting the building generally to the purposes of a University’. That was, however, cheaper and quicker than starting from scratch.
The Princes St location, right in the centre of town, was fitting for a university which modelled itself on urban foundations such as Edinburgh and London rather than ‘the sleepy cloisters’ of Oxbridge, but it did have its problems. The ‘footpath before its door was a favourite resort for loungers’, suggests George Thompson in the jubilee history, and parental concerns about sending their offspring to ‘the temptations and seductions of a town life’ were real. The biggest problem, though, was the lack of space for an expanding institution, which was sharing the building with the museum and art school and wrangled constant requests from citizens for use of the hall. The University Council wanted to develop residential accommodation for students and, though that didn’t happen for several decades, it did prompt the initial plans to move to a new site.
In 1874 the Otago Provincial Council granted the university a new site in part of the ‘old cemetery reserve’ (subsequently used for Arthur Street School and the Otago Boys’ High School). When, a few months later, the museum was allocated a new site in Great King Street, the Arthur Street location seemed less ideal; University Council member Donald Stuart argued ‘it was absolutely necessary that the Museum be situated in close proximity to the University, on account of the zoological, botanical, and medical classes’. In 1875, after the necessary legislation was passed, the cemetery reserve land was swapped for a new site, conveniently close to the museum and hospital, known as the botanical garden reserve. After delay finding a buyer for its original building, the council began construction on its new home beside the Leith in 1878.
The Colonial Bank became the proud owner of the Princes Street building. Unfortunately for the university, it failed to make its intention to transfer the clock to its new building clear in the sale contract and the Colonial Bank insisted on keeping it. The indebted university could not afford to purchase another and its new Clocktower Building had no clock until 1931, when one donated by the chancellor, Thomas Sidey, was installed. It was a fitting gift by ‘Summertime’ Sidey, the politician who succeeded after a long campaign in introducing daylight saving time to New Zealand. The original university building later became the Dunedin Stock Exchange; it was demolished in 1969 and John Wickliffe House now stands on its site.
Princes Street, featuring the Stock Exchange building with its clocktower, around 1926. Image courtesy of the Alexander Turnbull Library, Sydney Charles Smith photographs, 1/2-046489-G.
From beginnings to endings: today is my last official day of work on the 5-year (part-time) project to write a new history of the University of Otago! That project is now in the capable hands of the excellent team at Otago University Press. They will publish the book late in 2018, in time for the 150th celebrations of 2019. This blog has been an important part of the project for me. It began in mid-2013 with weekly posts, but later became fortnightly, then monthly; this year it has been more sporadic as I have been preoccupied with completing the book. It has been wonderful to have the opportunity to share here some of the great stories I’ve encountered. My sincere thanks to everybody who has read the blog, and particularly to those who have responded with extra information, corrections and encouragement, along with those who have spread the word about the blog and the project. Not all of the 130 stories and accompanying images I’ve shared here will appear in the book – there simply isn’t room for all of them – but many will.
This blog will not die. We’re currently finalising arrangements for its new management and some Otago history students have been working on new stories – look out for those next year! I’ll still be at the University of Otago, continuing in my other role, in the archives at the Hocken Collections. You can still contact me there with queries about the fascinating history of New Zealand’s first university.
Ngā mihi nui ki a koutou katoa,
Ali Clarke, December 2017
The Park Street residences
Posted by annablackman2017 in residential colleges
1940s, 1950s, 1960s, 1970s, Aquinas, Dominican Hall, Wesley Hall
Otago has a great collection of residential colleges, some long-established and others quite recent; less well-known are those that flourished briefly but no longer exist. One of the most popular posts on this blog is about Helensburgh House, a ‘temporary’ hall of residence from 1984 to 1991. Today I explore the history of two others that have gone: Dominican Hall and Wesley Hall.
Dominican Hall. It was originally built in the 1880s for Robert Gillies, a businessman and amateur astronomer who included an observatory in the roof and named it Transit House in honour of the Transit of Venus. An OUSA listing of student residences for 1967 noted that at Dominican Hall ‘most necessary facilities are present although there is generally a theme of austerity’. Any austerity must have contrasted with the surviving ‘opulent elegant detail’ of the building, from embossed plaster ceilings to Minton floor tiles and ornate door handles. Image courtesy of Dominican Sisters archives, F15/5/1.
Like the other churches, Catholics saw a need to provide for their young people coming from around the country to Dunedin. In 1945 the Dominican Sisters, a teaching order at the forefront of Catholic education in Otago since arriving in 1871, purchased a grand stone home in spacious grounds in Park Street. In 1946 it began a new life as Dominican Hall, a residential college for 20 women students. One of them, Shona Scannell, later recalled that they formed a ‘lovely family … We went to the pictures together and had social sports groups. I thought it was wonderful’. In 1948 the sisters had additional bedrooms added atop the building; with that and other alterations plus the purchase of a neighbouring property in 1953, Dominican Hall expanded to house 48. Some women had single rooms but, as in most residential colleges of the day, others shared. Residents of the ‘dormitory’ reported on their exploits in the 1960 Dominican Hall magazine. ‘Life with seven in a room can be rather hectic’, noted Maureen Donnelly, but ‘a great sense of comradeship has grown’. They took part in all the social and sporting activities on offer, and ‘If there is any trouble we are all in it together, be it smoking in unlawful places, creeping in rather late, or just not sweeping the floor. We have formed a Rock’n Roll Recorder Group and at one stage our singing was of such quality it was mistaken for the radio’.
Students singing compline led by Father Ambrose Loughnan OP, Dominican Hall, in 1956. Religion was an important feature of Dominican life. The students were cared for by a small group of sisters and a resident chaplain; they hosted visits from the bishop and meetings of the Catholic Students’ Club, held retreats and had their own branch of the Children of Mary sodality. Image courtesy of Dominican Sisters archives, F15/8/2.
Not to be outdone by the Anglicans (who established Selwyn), Presbyterians (Knox and St Margaret’s) and Catholics (Dominican and Aquinas), in 1958 the Methodists joined the student accommodation business. Like several other institutions, Wesley Hall started with the purchase of a private residence. The Park Street home had room for 14 students – all men – and a resident matron, with the Methodist Central Mission’s superintendent acting as non-resident warden. The bedrooms were rather small and ‘no studies are provided’, reported the OUSA in 1967, ‘but there is a common room with piano and table tennis table’. The crowded conditions did not deter some residents. At the end of 1961 matron Elsie Maclean reported: ‘we seem to have some bright lads at present and the majority are anxious to return again next year … Several will be spending their fourth year here’. Their behaviour was generally ‘quite good till about midnight when apparently they become restive and noisy but as this seems to be the usual procedure in the student world, we patiently wait till the spasm subsides’. As a small institution Wesley Hall struggled for recognition by other colleges, though the residents organised events, such as ‘a very enjoyable’ hockey match and lunch with the women of Dominican Hall in 1964. The 1963 and 1964 presidents noted the perils of having too many residents from one district – in this case, Gore – which ‘tends to create a rather narrow range of acquaintances’. It could also ‘cause a certain amount of friction and suspicion ie “Who told my parents that I took so and so out last week?”’, suggested Kenneth Thomson.
The large Park Street home which became Wesley Hall was originally built in 1918 for lawyer Herbert Adams, but later run as a guest house. Image courtesy of the Hocken Collections, John McIndoe Ltd records, MS-3247/584, S17-564b.
Unlike several other residences with small beginnings, Wesley Hall did not grow larger, though that was the original plan. Methodist Superintendent David Gordon explained in 1970 that the Central Mission planned extensions for years, but on consultation with Otago VC Arthur Beacham concluded ‘with the rising running costs for a hostel, we should build nothing smaller than a 100 bed hostel’. As time passed and the ‘optimum size’ increased, the project grew ‘entirely beyond the resources of the Central Mission’. The government offered subsidies to organisations building student accommodation – that helped with the initial set up of Wesley Hall – but the cost of a new building was significant and the church had other priorities for social service funding. It ‘decided reluctantly’ to close Wesley Hall at the end of 1970; it had run at a loss throughout its 12 years. The building which had housed lively young men as a student residence was purchased by the Department of Health to become ‘a Hostel for the Rehabilitation of Alcoholics’.
An oversupply of accommodation for women led to the end of Dominican Hall; at the end of 1978 the Dominican Sisters announced it was closing. At its peak, it accommodated 50 residents, but by 1978 had just 28, though ’40 can be taken comfortably’. The decline was due to ‘the growth in larger, more modern hostels’, suggested Sister Bernadette (UniCol opened in 1969 and Salmond in 1971). As a small institution it could not afford to carry many vacancies in a period of rising expenses; the demand for improvements to meet DCC fire safety regulations was the final straw. For women who preferred a Catholic residence a new option was available, with Aquinas accepting women in 1979, but it also closed at the end of 1980 after a downturn in the university roll (the university purchased and re-opened it in 1988 after the roll surged again). In their day, Dominican and Wesley were obviously lively places which contributed to the welfare of their residents and the university; it was economics which spelled their end.
Dominican residents ready for a 1955 ball. Back row (from left): Clare Ryan, Judy Knight, Marlene Prentice, Bernadette Lloyd, Kathleen Kennedy. Front: Mary Horn, Pauline Burke, Clare Curran, Yvonne Young, Margaret Potts. Image courtesy of Dominican Sisters archives, F15/9/3.
My thanks to the Dominican Sisters for the wonderful photographs from their archives. I’d love to hear from anybody with photographs of Wesley Hall!
An English story
Posted by annablackman2017 in humanities
1870s, 1880s, 1890s, 1910s, 1920s, 1950s, 1960s, 1970s, 1990s, 2000s, arts fellows, English, linguistics, writers
The English Department staff outside their premises in Cameron House, a grand two-storeyed family home on Leith Street (later knocked down to make way for UniCol), in 1961. Until tutorials were introduced, the department fitted into a small room in the Clocktower Building. From left: Keith Maslen, Lenore Harty, Gregor Cameron, Alan Horsman, Margaret Dalziel and Bob Robertson. Dalziel later became Otago’s first woman humanities professor and Pro-Vice-Chancellor. Image courtesy of the Department of English and Linguistics.
English is one of Otago’s founding subjects and has always been one of its most popular. In 1871 George Sale, the Cambridge-educated classics professor, taught an English class of 22, though it was an unfamiliar task for him. At his inaugural lecture Sale commented that neither Cambridge nor Oxford had a professor of English so he looked to the Scottish universities for inspiration; he concluded that their teaching encouraged ‘that very vice which it should be the especial object of a University to eradicate – shallowness and superficiality. He was therefore compelled to strike out a line for himself’. 1871 English students started the session with Chaucer, plunging straight into Middle English. When the class progressed to ‘the more modern language’ of Shakespeare’s sonnets after its ‘thorough and profitable perusal of the Canterbury Tales’, it earned a report in the ODT; perhaps the reporter was a student.
In 1881 Sale handed his English classes over to John Mainwaring Brown, another Cambridge graduate, appointed to a new chair of English, constitutional history (for law students) and political economy (economics). Brown was popular – and less intimidating than Sale – but his career ended tragically when he disappeared during a tramping expedition in Fiordland at the end of 1888. With the arrival of Thomas Gilray in 1890, Otago had its first dedicated professor of English; a period of remarkable stability followed as the chair was held by just two men, both Scots, for three decades each.
Gilray was highly organised but not the most engaging lecturer: Muriel May, a student of the 1910s, recalled that he ‘taught by dictating at a relentless pace to his benches of scribbling students in the Lower Oliver classroom …. at the prearranged dates we regurgitated. There were no seminars, no discussions, originality was not fostered nor were personal opinions encouraged’. It didn’t help that he was bound by a national syllabus, with exam papers marked by strangers in the UK. Gilray’s death came as a shock: he collapsed while reading the lesson at the university’s jubilee church service, held in Knox Church in 1920. His successor, Herbert Ramsay, was ‘one of the university’s best lecturers’ and students delighted in his thoughts on Shakespeare. The course and teaching methods remained conservative. Ramsay boasted in a 1950 valedictory speech to the University Council that he never asked them for more staff. He and long-serving lecturer Gregor Cameron did all the teaching, with one additional junior lecturer from the late 1940s; they remained committed to the Scottish lecture-only system. John Greig, a Scot who taught in England, the US and South Africa, introduced radical changes as professor from 1952 to 1956. No fan of the conventional lecture, Greig introduced group tutorials; as a consequence, English’s academic staff jumped from three to seven, plus part-time tutors. He also modernised the curriculum, adding works by twentieth-century authors (Sean O’Casey, T.S. Eliot, Virginia Woolf) and New Zealand poetry and short stories.
The inclusion of New Zealand literature in university courses was controversial. As Otago lecturer Robert Robertson explained, it was generally taught as ‘a dutiful recognition’ that first-year students should be aware of New Zealand poetry. There was an element of colonial cringe, but teaching local literature was hard work for staff, who had only ‘partial bibliographies, few collected works, no collected letters, not a standard biography, incomplete histories only and a scattered body of occasional criticism of varying merit’. Alan Horsman, a New Zealander who studied and taught in England, arrived as Otago’s new English professor in 1957. He recalls it as a significant year, with the publication of Janet Frame’s Owls Do Cry and Ian Cross’s The God Boy, novels which stood comparison with the best English writing; there was already poetry ‘of top quality’. He was reluctant, though, to introduce a paper devoted to New Zealand literature. Lawrence Jones, an American who arrived as lecturer in 1964, found Otago students responded more enthusiastically to Janet Frame than Thomas Hardy, and his research interests shifted to New Zealand literature. In 1977, in response to student demand, an honours paper fully devoted to New Zealand work was introduced; further undergrad courses followed and research expanded.
Burns Fellows received a year’s salary, a room in the English Department and complete freedom to write. Not all writers found the year easy, but others thrived during their first opportunity to write full-time. Cilla McQueen, the 1985 and 1986 Burns Fellow, is photographed in contemplative mood in the fellow’s office at the 50th anniversary celebrations of the fellowship in 2008. The office was then occupied by Sue Wootton. Image courtesy of the English and Linguistics Department.
Cross and Frame were both recipients of the university’s Robert Burns Fellowship for writers, commenced in 1959. In addition to providing some of the country’s greatest writers an opportunity to create without financial stress for a year, the fellowship was important for the English Department, which hosted the fellows. Staff and students interacted with them: ‘It was a very good thing for the department to have practising writers around, available to be talked with’, says Horsman. Some, like 1966 and 1967 Burns Fellow James K. Baxter, participated in classes. He ‘would come to a class occasionally and make his experience available. He would speak to the class about prosody in a way which, from a practising poet, was authoritative’, recalls Horsman.
Otago ventured into linguistics in the 1970s and in 1990 its small programme moved into the English Department; from 1994 students could major in linguistics. Another applied field which mushroomed in the 1990s was writing. It began when other departments expressed concern over students’ communication skills. In 1993 English introduced a paper on ‘the fundamentals of effective speaking and writing’; it was designed for health science students, for whom it was compulsory until 2006, but other departments at various times recommended or required it and other students also found it useful. It morphed into ‘English for university purposes’. Later the department expanded beyond the remedial or introductory with courses in advanced writing, writing for the professions and a creative writing paper in poetry.
Greg Waite (at centre, with beard), discussing the Textbase of Early Tudor English Project with participants at a conference in 1990. Waite and Alistair Fox started this early example of digital humanities in 1984, producing a machine-readable corpus of early Tudor literary texts, with particular focus on poetry. The project was largely completed by the late 1990s and transferred online in 2002. Image courtesy of the English and Linguistics Department.
Two new endowed chairs expanded the department in a Celtic direction. In 2006 Peter Kuch was appointed as Eamon Cleary Professor of Irish Studies and in 2009 Liam McIlvanney became Stuart Professor of Scottish Studies. Both are literary scholars (and McIlvanney has a sideline as a crime writer). They provided intellectual stimulation to an English Department already a mix of the old and the new: along with esteemed scholars of historic writers (for instance, Jane Austen expert Jocelyn Harris) it employed up-and-comers with interests in digital literature, post-colonial literature and the avant-garde, among other fields. Its writing programme was also a ‘sizeable operation’. Meanwhile, Middle English, Old English and Old Norse were still spake here. Rick McGregor, a 1992 PhD graduate, came from Auckland to research the use of Icelandic sagas by a modern Swedish writer because Old Norse remained on offer in the south; Otago’s blend of conservatism and innovation has distinct advantages!
Chaucer, the English Department’s first text, has never gone out of fashion. Giving a Chaucer reading at Colin Gibson’s retirement function in 1998 are, from left: Greg Waite, Nicola Cummins, Bill Dean and Colin Gibson. Image courtesy of the English and Linguistics Department.
The childcare revolution
Posted by annablackman2017 in student life, students' association, university administration
1950s, 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, 2010s, childcare, women
The crèche in its original premises in the old All Saints Church Hall. The notes on the back of this photo are difficult to decipher. The voluntary helpers are identified as Vivienne Moss (although that name is crossed out) and Jenny Heath. The child facing the camera at the centre is Rebecca, with Rachael nearest the camera. Please get in touch if you can confirm any names! Photo courtesy of the Otago University Childcare Association.
There is one organisation affiliated to the university which, although unknown to some students and staff, has had a big impact on the institution since it began nearly 50 years ago: the Otago University Childcare Association (OUCA). During the university’s first century there were few women academics, even fewer married women academics and scarcely any with young children. Microbiologists Margaret and John Loutit arrived at Otago from Australia in 1956; Margaret obtained part-time work as a botany demonstrator and then microbiology lecturer while working on a PhD. As a working mother she encountered considerable criticism. Her salary was mostly absorbed in paying for private childcare, but her hard work was rewarded with the completion of her PhD in 1966; she then became a full-time academic and eventually a professor. For many others, motherhood spelled the end of any academic career, while most students abandoned degrees when they gave birth. In the 1960s and 1970s, when many New Zealanders married young and, whether married or not, also had children young, that meant a lot of ‘academic wastage’.
Improving childcare provision helped the next generation of women. Several younger staff wives instigated the university’s first crèche, designed to provide part-time childcare for students. Since the university was unwilling to provide childcare, the founders set it up as a community venture; the vicar of All Saints Anglican Church offered the use of the old church hall. They invited women students to a meeting late in 1968 and ‘it was evident from the animated discussion that a nursery would fulfil a need’. The University Nursery Association – later renamed the Childcare Association – was a parent cooperative, with Jean Dodd as first president; she was a lecturer’s wife who previously set up a playcentre in Leith Valley. The nursery/crèche (both names were used at various times) opened in 1969 with kindergarten teacher Barbara Horn and Karitane nurse Ann Leary as its first supervisors; parents provided assistance according to a roster.
Outdoor play and learning in the 1990s. Photo courtesy of the Otago University Childcare Association
The new affordable and convenient crèche, together with new access to contraception, made a big difference to women, comments one student of that era, Rosemarie Smith: ‘gaining control over fertility and creating childcare revolutionised women’s access to education – and also to employment in the university’. She ‘graduated in 1971 with a BA and a baby thanks to that crèche’, and worked on the general staff for a couple of years. There was some resistance to the crèche. Most people in positions of authority in the university – generally men – saw no need for it, but there was also resistance from women uneasy about working mothers. There was, however, a demand for childcare and the association grew quickly, from 39 paying members in 1969 to 83 in 1971. That year it moved into the Cumberland Suite (an old house) of the University Union and in 1973 into a house at 525 Great King Street. That was provided by the university as temporary accommodation, since it intended to demolish the building to make way for a carpark. Instead it became a long-term home for the association, which expanded into two adjoining houses in the 1980s.
Childcare became more respectable as increasing numbers of middle-class married women joined the workforce. OUCA helped overcome some resistance in its early years by insisting it was a part-time service, but from 1980 it offered full day care. The service was increasingly used by staff, although students retained priority. In 1994 there were 138 families using university childcare; 71 were staff and 55 were students. It remained affiliated to, rather than owned by, the university, although the university provided its buildings – including splendid new Castle Street premises in 2014 – and small grants from the university and students’ association covered a small portion of its expenses. Unsurprisingly, given its clientele, OUCA attracted highly capable people to its management committee. Among the parents who served were some who subsequently held senior posts in the university, including future vice-chancellor Harlene Hayne; she was succeeded as president by historian Barbara Brookes, who suggests it ‘was perhaps the most important committee in the university in terms of the connections we made’. Brookes, her husband (also an academic) and children all made, through childcare, ‘deep friendships that nourish us today’.
Behind the facades of several villas in Castle Street, across the road from Selwyn College, Te Pā opened in 2014 as new premises for the Otago University Childcare Association. It incorporated four childcare centres, including a new bilingual centre, Te Pārekereke o Te Kī. The association also continued to run a centre at the College of Education. Graham Warman photographs, courtesy of University of Otago Marketing and Communications.
Learning to lecture
Posted by annablackman2017 in university administration
1900s, 1910s, 1920s, 1930s, 1940s, 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, classics, economics, education, English, French, geology, Higher Education Development Centre, history, medicine, philosophy, physics, psychology, teaching, technology
WR Morris lecturing in the ‘old anatomy lecture theatre’ – now the Gowland Lecture Theatre – in the Lindo Ferguson Building, 1949. Anatomical drawings and skeletons were popular visual aids from the medical school’s earliest classes onwards. Image courtesy of the Hocken Collections, University of Otago Medical School Alumnus Association archives, MS-1537/441, S17-550c.
The University of Otago’s founders followed Scottish precedent in their choice of curriculum and also in teaching methods: rather than the Oxbridge-style tutorial, teaching was based on the professorial lecture. That had the advantage of being economical and many subjects got by with just one staff member for the first few decades. The professor did all the teaching, except in the sciences, which were first to acquire assistants, necessary because of the laboratory classes which supplemented lectures. Humanities subjects had no tutorials until the 1940s, though in some cases the classes were small enough that professors became well acquainted with their students. As mentioned in a recent post about the history department, history professor John Elder told a young lecturer whose students showed marked progress after he introduced seminar discussions: ‘These young men like to hear themselves talk but you’re paid to lecture and you’ll therefore lecture. So long as I’m head of this department, there’ll be no discussions’.
Elder was not the only professor suspicious of tutorials. They eventually sneaked into arts subjects as the rehabilitation department funded tutorials for returned servicemen and women in the wake of World War II; they became standard additions to the lecture programme soon after that. Sometimes the impetus for this innovation came from students and sometimes from staff. In 1948 Frank Mitchell, the education professor, reported that ‘this year the Honours students on their own initiative organised tutorials for students taking Education I. I hope that it will soon be possible to conduct regular tutorials for all stages’. In the same year departing philosophy professor David Raphael noted that tutorials were ‘not just a desirable luxury’ in that subject, but ‘essential for adequate training. Philosophy is a way of doing things with one’s mind, not a set of facts to be learned, and consequently the student must be in a position to practise the accomplishment in question’. Tutorials required a bigger investment in staff, but the growing student roll justified that.
Academics of course varied greatly in their teaching styles. Founding classics professor George Sale, notorious for his disdain of students’ abilities, preferred the stick to the carrot. John Murdoch, in reminiscences of his own teaching career, wrote of meeting some of Sale’s honours students after a lecture in 1907: ‘They had just received their corrected Latin proses, and the most successful had gained a mark of “minus 300”. Sale deducted marks, 10, 50, 100 or more for a mistake, according to his estimate of its seriousness’. Murdoch had little respect for the methods of the early 20th century professors: ‘Otago University as I knew it was in effect a glorified coaching school’. Although the academic staff were ‘capable and well-qualified’, suggested Murdoch, their teaching was determined by a system whereby courses were ‘set by regulations applying to all four [University of New Zealand] colleges, and the success of their efforts was gauged by examiners in England’. Such conditions made ‘inspirational teaching almost hopeless if not quite impossible’, at least in English, ‘a notoriously difficult subject to teach’. Future high school principal Muriel May, an Otago student of the 1910s and 1920s, recalled that Thomas Gilray, the English professor, ‘taught by dictating at a relentless pace to his benches of scribbling students in the Lower Oliver classroom …. at the prearranged dates we regurgitated. There were no seminars, no discussions, originality was not fostered nor were personal opinions encouraged’. There were always, of course, some inspiring teachers. May also recalled that George Thompson’s French lectures ‘were invariably stimulating and enjoyable. (Latin students made comparable claims for the classes of Professor Adams.)’ Lecturer Agnes Blackie was in love with physics, which she found ‘brimful of interest’. ‘I can’t imagine a better subject for a lecturer’, she wrote in her reminiscences. ‘Lectures can be illustrated with fascinating demonstrations which bring the subject to life for the students and are fun for the lecturer to operate’.
From the 1950s, with greater local control of the curriculum and the widespread use of tutorials in addition to the traditional lectures, labs, clinical teaching and field trips, academic staff had greater flexibility in teaching. Their adoption of new technologies varied. Visual aids did not have to be high-tech: the beautiful anatomical drawings of John Scott, who was a skilled artist as well as first dean of the medical school, were used at Otago for many decades. Others used glass slides and a ‘magic lantern’ projector to show images. John Mackie recounted its use by Noel Benson in 1929 first-year geology lectures; it was ‘a contraption on a tripod which stood behind the lecture bench. Believe it or not, this projector incorporated an arc-lamp which spluttered, fizzed and made other dangerous noises, although as a source of light it was quite spectacular’. The notoriously absent-minded professor occasionally tripped over its wires ‘and the whole contrivance would crash to the floor’; that happened also on the day he rushed to extinguish the light after discovering students had replaced his first slide with a full-frontal nude. Slides remained a popular teaching tool, though shown through a more compact slide projector from the mid-20th century, with the slides themselves shifting from glass to film negative to digital format.
In 1940 the dean of arts and sciences, Robert Bell, reported that several departments took advantage of a new scheme for borrowing ‘sound-films’, finding them ‘an extremely valuable and effective addition’ to teaching methods. Not every academic liked new technology; John Howells, who retired from the economics department in the 1990s, commented ‘my major advancement in the technology area stopped with the biro pen’. The emergence of the Audio Visual Learning Centre (AVLC) in 1973 ‘was regarded with suspicion by some staff members who had visions of classes being handed over to various mechanical gadgets’, reported the staff newsletter in 1977. By then, the ‘prejudice’ was ‘disappearing’, with 30 departments already using the AVLC. Its use ranged from ‘tape/slide/workbook programmes’ for anatomy courses to a ‘film providing “evidence” for a simulated Supreme Court trial’ for law students. The impetus for the centre came from the medical school, which was concerned about how it would manage its larger intake of students; it provided space for AVLC academic director David Teather and his team, with a production centre in the Adams building and a study centre with library of audio visual resources in the Scott building.
By the time this photo was taken in 1983, medical school lectures had become much more relaxed and technology enabled the use of film and other audiovisual aids. Please get in touch if you can help identify the lecturer or class! Image courtesy of the Hocken Collections, University of Otago Photographic Unit archives, MS-4368/086, S17-550b.
Academics using the AVLC ‘face some adjustment of their teaching methods and their attitudes’, noted the staff newsletter in 1975. There was already wider consideration of teaching and learning methods in the university, which new technology helped accelerate. In 1971 the lecturers’ association ran a well-attended seminar on teaching methods and suggested the university set up a research centre on higher education. In 1973 Otago appointed Terry Crooks as a lecturer in the education department, with half of his time devoted to research and advice on university teaching. He, the lecturers’ association and AVLC ran occasional sessions on teaching methods; for instance, a 1976 session looked at the use of film in university teaching, with staff discussing Otago-made films they had used in anthropology, physical education and medicine. Psychology lecturer Louis Leland ‘introduced a film which demonstrated the training of laboratory rats’. He made ‘a similar film each year with rats trained by the current year’s students and uses this to demonstrate to the following year’s students that training rats is within their capability’. In 1976 senate established a higher education research and advisory centre (HERAC) committee. HERAC and the AVLC often worked together and in 1978 they merged under a new acronym, this time destined to last: HEDC, or the Higher Education Development Centre.
Although HEDC had few staff in its early years, it performed a significant role; ‘there was growing awareness of the need for stimulating teaching’ reported the director, David Teather, in 1983. A recent two-day seminar on ‘helping students succeed’ had attracted 140 staff and ‘there was now hardly a department which did not make regular use of the resources at HEDC’ for producing teaching aids. That was just as well, since students ‘now came from school expecting to make use of technology in their work’. Computers became a significant part of that technology, and in 1986 Graham Webb joined the HEDC team; his ‘major responsibility’ was ‘to advise staff members on the educational uses of computers on campus’. Otago’s computing services centre also developed a team with expertise in computer-aided learning and in the 1990s HEDC’s audio-visual production section joined them as part of information technology services. HEDC continued to research and disseminate information on tertiary teaching, provide advice and run courses, notably for new academic staff; from 1996 staff could obtain a formal qualification – a postgraduate diploma in tertiary teaching – taught by the centre. The centre also supported Otago staff from other departments working on teaching-related research and new innovations. To help ‘enhance’ learning and teaching, the university offered special grants for research and innovation in teaching.
HEDC assisted with course evaluations, which gave students an opportunity to provide feedback on their teachers and courses. Staff could use them to identify weaknesses in their teaching which required work, or as evidence of their skills when seeking promotion. In an era of growing emphasis on quality assurance, they helped ‘measure’ courses in departments which were up for review. With a growing body of research from staff and postgraduate students on many aspects of higher education, plus a range of courses and support services for academics wanting to make their teaching more effective, Otago had travelled a long way from the days of Sale scoring papers at ‘minus 200’ and Gilray ‘dictating at a relentless pace’.
A class underway in the late 1980s or early 1990s in the Castle Lecture Theatres. The overhead transparency was a popular teaching tool for many years, later largely overtaken by Powerpoint digital slides. Unfortunately, the resolution of this old negative isn’t good enough to read what’s on the screen – if you can identify the class, lecturer or year, please get in touch! Image courtesy of the Hocken Collections, University of Otago Photographic Unit archives, MS-4185/060, S17-550a.
Looking back at history
1880s, 1910s, 1920s, 1940s, 1950s, 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, 2000s, 2010s, art history, economics, history, law, library, Maori, politics
Professor Angus Ross engaging another generation of potential history students at the Taieri High School breakup ceremony, 1965. Image courtesy of the Hocken Collections, Taieri College archives, AG-629-015/060, S17-542a.
History has been around for a while! It first appeared at the University of Otago in 1881 when John Mainwaring Brown, the new professor of English, constitutional history and political economy, taught constitutional history to a class of two students. It was a subject designed for lawyers, covering ‘the development of the English Constitution, and of the Constitutional relations between the Mother Country and the Colonies’. The course, compulsory for the LLB degree, was also open to BA students. Mainwaring Brown’s career was cut tragically short when he disappeared during a tramping expedition in Fiordland in December 1888. The university council recognised that it would be difficult to find somebody capable and willing to teach all of the subjects he had covered and appointed a new professor of English, with separate lecturers for constitutional history and political economy (economics). Alfred Barclay, one of Otago’s earliest graduates and a practising barrister, taught constitutional history for many years, except in the early years of the 20th century when the law school was closed and the subject wasn’t offered.
Harry Bedford, Otago’s first ‘English history’ lecturer. This photograph, taken by William Henshaw Clarke around 1902, was his official portrait as a Member of Parliament. Image courtesy of the Alexander Turnbull Library, General Assembly Library parliamentary portraits, 35mm-00168-f-F.
In 1914, history emerged as a subject in its own right with a new course in ‘English history’. It was taught by Harry Bedford, who had been Otago’s economics lecturer since 1907. Bedford had an impressive CV; he was a brilliant local graduate who started his working life in his father’s tailoring business, served a term in parliament, and practised law while lecturing at Otago. The syllabus for ‘English history’ included ‘a study of the outlines of the History of England, including the development of the constitution down to 1900’, with a more detailed study of a different period each academic year. Constitutional history continued as a separate course for law students, and Bedford also devoted two special lectures a week to ‘Modern History, as prescribed for Commerce students’ from 1916. Bedford was an inspiring teacher and his appointment to a new professorship in economics and history in 1915 came as no surprise. Sadly, he was another promising young professor destined for a tragic death; he drowned during a beach holiday in 1918. With the times still unsettled due to war, the council appointed Archdeacon Woodthorpe, the retired Selwyn warden, as acting professor. But they felt the time had now come to separate the growing disciplines of economics and history, and in 1920 John Elder of Aberdeen was appointed to a new chair in history, endowed by the Presbyterian Church.
Though the Presbyterians selected, appropriately enough, a ‘conservative and hard working Presbyterian’ from Scotland as Otago’s first history professor, Elder brought considerable innovation to the chair. He continued an extensive publishing career commenced in Scotland, producing both popular and academic works on New Zealand history at a time when ‘it was highly unusual for colonial professors to publish anything’. His developing interest in New Zealand’s history was also reflected in the curriculum, which expanded to include more coverage of this country and other colonies among the broad survey courses on offer. He valued archival research highly; this was made possible thanks to the resources held at the Hocken Library, and Elder required MA students to complete a thesis based on such sources. His dour manner didn’t endear him to students, though, and he soon put a stop to a young lecturer’s introduction of seminar discussions: ‘These young men like to hear themselves talk but you’re paid to lecture … So long as I’m head of this department, there’ll be no discussions’.
William Parker Morrell, photographed in 1930 while studying at Oxford. Image courtesy of the Alexander Turnbull Library, Judith Morrell Nathan collection, ref: 1/2-197548-F.
In 1946 William Morrell – who featured in an earlier blog post on absent-minded professors – succeeded Elder as professor of history. He was a local graduate who studied and taught at Oxford and the University of London, and published widely on imperial and New Zealand history; he later took on the important role of writing the university’s centenary history! Morrell believed not only that history illuminated the present, but that the political state was worthy of study in its own right, and it was through his influence that politics joined the Otago syllabus, initially as part of the history department. Ted Olssen, an Adelaide graduate, was appointed to teach political science and classes commenced in 1948. Students emerging out of the war years and their clash of political ideologies demonstrated an appetite for the subject; it grew and became a separate department in 1967.
Like his predecessors, Willie Morrell believed that New Zealanders’ study of history needed to start with the histories of Britain and Europe, but an imperial framework meant that regions which had come under European control – including New Zealand and the Pacific – also appeared on the syllabus. Gordon Parsonson, who first joined the department as assistant lecturer in 1951 and remains an active researcher in his late 90s, was partly hired because of his interest and experience in Melanesia, acquired during World War II military service there. Angus Ross was another lecturer with expertise on New Zealand and Pacific history, though his distinguished war service had been in Europe. After many years in the department he succeeded Morrell as professor in 1965 and ‘steered the department away from the legacy of imperial history by making appointments trained to look at imperialism from the perspective of the colonised’. John Omer-Cooper, a specialist in African history, took up the newly-established second chair in history in 1973, while Hew McLeod, who became a world-renowned expert on Sikh history and culture, joined the department to teach Asian history in 1971. From 1975 a revamped curriculum gave students majoring in history broader choices; previously compelled to start with European history, they could now, if they wished, focus instead on New Zealand, Australia, the Pacific or Asian history.
Barbara Brookes and Ann Trotter at a Federation of University Women event at the Fortune Theatre, 1993. Image courtesy of Ann Trotter.
Under the umbrella of the histories of various regions, new themes began to emerge, often led by younger staff. Erik Olssen and Dorothy Page, both appointed in 1969 and both future heads of department, became pioneers of social history and women’s history respectively. Ross had a policy of appointing women where possible; although Morrell had also appointed a couple of women in the 1940s, men had long dominated the staff. The policy of recruiting good women academics continued and by the late 1980s they made up nearly half the department. In addition to Page, there were Barbara Brookes (another women’s history expert), Ann Trotter (who taught Asian history and subsequently became assistant-VC for humanities), Pacific historian Judy Bennett and long-serving lecturer Marjorie Maslen.
Angela Wanhalla and Judy Bennett in 2009. Photograph by Sue Lang, courtesy of the history and art history department.
As part of the new movement towards social history, Olssen embarked on the Caversham project, a long-running study of historic residents of southern Dunedin. Generations of honours and postgrad students mined the huge store of data for new insights into work, politics, gender, culture and society in New Zealand’s earliest industrial suburbs. Other new themes which became popular in the late 20th century included environmental history and intellectual history (the history of ideas, incorporating science and religion), while world history provided an antidote to specialism in particular places and eras. A growing – if belated – awareness of the significance of Māori perspectives of history saw the appointment of Michael Reilly to a joint position in history and Māori studies in 1991. He later became full-time in Māori studies, but in the 21st century the history department was fortunate to recruit two brilliant young Ngāi Tahu scholars, Angela Wanhalla and Michael Stevens.
History, like any other department, had its ups and downs through the years; funding was often tight and the trend towards lower enrolments in the humanities led to a loss of two staff in 2016. Art history joined the department in 2001, with a change in name to the history and art history department in 2008. Throughout, it remained a highly productive department with an excellent research record, ranking first in New Zealand for history and art history in the 2003 and 2006 PBRF rounds. It was no slouch in teaching either; in 2002, when OUSA gave its first teaching awards, history was the only department to have two people – Tom Brooking and Tony Ballantyne – in the top 10. As a proud graduate of Otago’s history department, I can testify to the great skills of its staff!
Recruiting a new generation of students, 2016-style. These secondary students, photographed at Toitū Otago Settlers Museum, were attending a ‘hands-on history’ course run by the university. Photograph by Jane McCabe, courtesy of the history and art history department.
Building a medical campus
Posted by annablackman2017 in buildings, health sciences
1910s, 1920s, 1940s, 1950s, 1960s, 1970s, anatomy, biochemistry, library, medicine, microbiology, obstetrics and gynaecology, pharmacology, pharmacy, physiology, preventive and social medicine, surgery
An aerial view showing the medical school and hospital buildings, c.1970. The low-rise 1950s building replaced by the Sayers building can be seen between the Wellcome and Ferguson buildings, with cars parked in front. At the hospital, the clinical services building, opened in 1968, can be seen, but construction is yet to begin on the ward block, which opened in 1980. Several of the buildings in the block east of the hospital are now part of the university: the original Queen Mary maternity hospital now houses the surveying school and marine science department; the 2nd Queen Mary hospital is Hayward College, and the old nurses’ homes are Cumberland College. Image courtesy of the Hocken Collections, University of Otago Medical School Alumnus Association records, MS-1537/806, S17-517b.
There’s a significant university anniversary this year: it’s a century since the medical school opened its first Great King Street building. Otago medical classes started out in the university’s original building in Princes Street, but soon moved to the purpose-built anatomy and chemistry block (now the geology building) on the new site near the Leith. Opened in 1878, the new premises incorporated a lecture room, dissection room, preparation room, morgue, laboratory, anatomy room and professor’s office for the medical school. The facilities weren’t large – they were designed to cater for classes of a dozen or so – and the building was extended in 1883 and again in 1905, to provide for the expanding school and its first physiology professor. As medical student numbers continued to expand, from 80 in 1905 to 155 in 1914, space became desperately short and the medical faculty won government approval for further extensions to the anatomy and physiology departments, plus a new building to house the pathology and bacteriology (microbiology) departments, along with other subjects being taught in far from ideal conditions in the crowded hospital.
The site of the new building – in Great King Street, opposite the hospital – was controversial. Some university council members wanted all new developments to be on the existing campus, but medical academics wanted to be closer to the hospital, and the chancellor, Andrew Cameron, was on their side. Sydney Champtaloup, professor of public health and bacteriology, revealed the thinking behind the move during the 1914 public appeal for funds for the new building. After completing their studies in anatomy and physiology, which would still be taught at the university, said Champtaloup, ‘students are intimately associated with the Hospital. At present students attend some classes at the University, and have then to proceed to the Hospital for others, and to return to the University later. This involves a great waste of time and energy. All lectures and practical classes for senior students should be held in a suitable building near the Hospital’. He also pointed out that the hospital and university both required bacteriology and pathology labs, and ‘a combination of these requirements in one building makes for efficiency and economy, but that building to meet Hospital requirements must be either in the Hospital grounds or in its close proximity’. Although he didn’t mention it, Champtaloup would have to waste considerable time and energy himself if the new building wasn’t close to the hospital, since he was in charge of its bacteriology services.
The bacteriology and pathology building, later known as the Scott building, which opened in 1917. Image courtesy of the Hocken Collections, University of Otago Medical School Alumnus Assocation records, MS-1537/636, S17-517a.
The public appeal raised the goodly sum of £8000 (over $1 million in 2017 values), which included £2000 from William Dawson (a brewer who made a fortune as one of the founders of Speight’s) and £1000 from members of the medical faculty. It was matched by the government, though the project ran considerably over budget thanks to ‘the presence of subterranean water, later found to characterise the whole area’, along with rising prices due to war conditions. The new building, designed by Mason and Wales and built by Fletcher Brothers, opened in 1917. Of brick with Oamaru stone facings, its neoclassical style seemed quite plain to contemporaries; the Evening Star noted some ‘pretty stained glass’ in the entrance hall was ‘one of the few ornamentations’. The building was large and well-lit, with a lecture theatre able to ‘seat 150 students and give everyone plenty of elbow room’ and other smaller lecture rooms; they incorporated facilities for the latest technology, the lantern slide. The pathology department was on the first floor and the bacteriology department on the second floor; there were also rooms dedicated to medical jurisprudence and materia medica (pharmacology), the library, specimen museum and an assortment of staff and student facilities. ‘The roof is used for store rooms, etc.’, reported the Star with some delicacy; that was where animals and food stores were housed.
The new building was just the beginning. Medical dean Lindo Ferguson had ambitious plans; he imagined the school expanding to take up the entire side of the Great King Street block facing the hospital, replacing its collection of old cottages and shops. Not everybody approved, and there was another battle over the new anatomy and physiology building. In 1919 university council members decided that further extensions to those departments should be on the main university campus, provoking a determined – and successful – campaign by the medical faculty, medical association and ODT to have them change their minds and instead construct a large new building adjoining the 1917 one. Physiology professor John Malcolm countered one of the main objections to the Great King Street site: ‘It had been said that the social life of the university was cut in two through the existing arrangements; and if that were so how about the scientific life of the university? Was it not cut in two as well? The most important was the human life’. After considerable delays in raising funds, in 1927 a splendid new building – ‘one of Dunedin’s most handsome’, declared the ODT – was opened. Designed by Edmund Anscombe in brick and stone facings to complement its neighbour, it provided accommodation for not just anatomy and physiology, but also the ‘sub-departments’ of histology, biochemistry and pharmacology. It had the ‘necessary classrooms, laboratories, and research rooms for a school averaging an annual class of 50 students’.
At the opening of the new block, Ferguson joked that ‘if a dean were content he was not fit to hold his position. No one knew the shortcomings of a school better than the dean, and if the dean thought that enough had been done he should be pole-axed’. He continued to dream of further expansion, and had already foiled suggestions the new dental school building should be immediately next to the medical school; instead its new 1926 building (now the Marples building) was constructed on the next block. Ferguson’s successors took up his scheme and in the midst of World War II work began on yet another large building. It had the prosaic name of ‘the south block’, but later the various buildings were named after the medical deans, according to their chronology, and it became the Hercus building, after third dean Charles Hercus; the earlier buildings were named for the first two deans, John Halliday Scott and Lindo Ferguson.
The Ferguson building (opened 1927), with the Scott building (1917) and Hercus building (1948) in the distance. Image courtesy of the Hocken Collections, University of Otago Medical School Alumnus Association records, MS-1537/637, S17-517c.
The south block was in brick and of similar scale to its neighbours, but the similarities ended there; it was a striking example of art deco, designed by Miller White and Dunn. Hercus recounted how the Minister of Education, Rex Mason, ‘turned down our original severely utilitarian plan with the statement, “This is not a factory, but a national building of great importance, and it must bear the marks of its function”’. The new design incorporated various artworks, most notably a sculptured marble panel by Richard Gross above the main Hanover Street entrance; there were also plaster murals inside. Building was a challenge because of wartime labour and supply shortages; four Dunedin building firms – Love, Naylor, Mitchells and McLellans – formed the Associated Builders consortium to complete the project. Some students obtained holiday work helping with the demolition and ground works for the foundations, which were dug down 15 metres, but the foreman ‘had to keep his eye on them because many would jump the fence and be off’. The building opened in 1948 and boasted 210 rooms; it became a new home for the preventive medicine, pathology and bacteriology departments and had two dedicated research floors, one of them for animals.
The new south block (Hercus building) under construction in the 1940s, looking east along Hanover Street. Image courtesy of the Hocken Collections, University of Otago Medical School Alumnus Association, MS-1537/631, S15-619f.
The next building development was less imposing and not destined to last for long: a single-storey brick building, completed in 1956 next to the Ferguson building, provided a space for the surgery and obstetrics and gynaecology departments. Next to it, on the corner of Frederick and Great King Streets, appeared in 1963 the Wellcome Research Institute. Funded entirely by the Wellcome Trust, which was created from a pharmaceutical fortune, the new building was a tribute to the important research on hypertension by Otago medical professor Horace Smirk, and provided a space for various research teams. It soon developed the nickname ‘Hori’s whare’, while the dental school was ‘Jack’s shack’ after dental dean John Walsh and the pharmacology department in the old Knox Sunday school was ‘Fred’s shed’ after its professor, Fred Fastier. The Wellcome building was designed by Niel Wales, the latest generation in old Dunedin firm Mason and Wales, which had also been responsible for the Scott building; the new building’s international style, with its simple forms and lack of ornamentation, reflected the architectural fashion of the period.
The next buildings took the medical campus further into the realms of new architecture. In 1972 the medical library acquired a new home in the Sayers building, named for the fourth dean, Ted Sayers. The building, which replaced the 1950s surgery and O & G construction, also included accommodation for the medical school administration. A year later the multi-storey Adams building (Bill Adams was the fifth dean) emerged behind it, with an entrance from Frederick Street; it provided new space for the preventive and social medicine, pharmacology, pharmacy and surgery departments, along with the university’s higher education development centre. The Sayers building was designed by Alan Neil of Fraser Oakley Pinfold. A 1994 exhibition on University of Otago architecture suggested his ‘use of fair-faced concrete is an essay in Brutalism’. The Adams building was designed by Miller White and Dunn and the design was recycled in the microbiology building, opened in 1974 on Cumberland Street. The 1994 exhibition noted its utilitarian architecture: it ‘appears to have been designed from the inside out’ and ‘no thought appears to have been given to the external appearance .… Built in the tradition of tower blocks in a park-way, it does not invite inspection of detailing’.
The new Sayers (front) and Adams buildings in the 1970s. Image courtesy of the Hocken Collections, University of Otago Medical School Alumnus Association records, MS-1537/665, S17-517d.
With the 1970s buildings completed, Lindo Ferguson’s 1910s vision of a medical school encompassing the length of the block was fulfilled. Indeed, the school was already spreading much further afield, with microbiology and biochemistry buildings on the new science campus in Cumberland Street and new developments in Christchurch and Wellington. At its Great King Street home base, the school was a showcase of 20th century architecture, from neoclassicism and art deco to international style and brutalism. Across the street, Dunedin Hospital, whose presence had drawn the medical school to this location, also went through multiple developments. That, however, is a whole other story.
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Our roof includes a terrace, a green roof, an urban garden and urban beehives. The rest of the roof’s surface is made of a highly reflective white material that reduces an urban heat phenomenon known as the "heat island effect”.
As part of our initiative to reduce the use of plastic bottles, we've installed water fountains throughout the building. Our low-flow fixtures and toilets reduce the Phi Centre’s load on the city’s infrastructure.
The building's high-performance insulation reduces energy waste and minimizes the demand on our heating, ventilation and air-conditioning systems. The Phi Centre is 45 percent more energy efficient than the standards set by the Model National Energy Code for Buildings.
During the construction of the Phi Centre, 75 percent of the building's existing walls, floors and roof from 1861 were preserved. Exposed brick and beams showcase historical features and reduced the need for new construction materials.
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Record Prices in 2018 U.S. Rare Coin Market, Reports Professional Numismatists Guild
Dealers organization estimates the U.S. rare coin market was over $4 billion in 2018
(Temecula, California) December 27, 2018 – Quality was in the eyes of the bidders in the multi-billion dollar United States rare coin market during 2018, according to a year-end tabulation conducted by the Professional Numismatists Guild, a nonprofit organization composed of many of the country’s top rare coin and paper money dealers.
While prices declined during the year for some U.S. coins in easily available lower grades, hundreds of noteworthy coins from early American to modern that are among the finest known of their kind set auction price records.
Based on responses to a year-end PNG questionnaire, the aggregate prices realized for all U.S. coins sold at major public auctions in 2018 totaled more than $345 million, compared to $316 million in 2017. Two auction companies, Heritage Auctions and Stack’s Bowers Galleries, accounted for over 70 percent of the overall total, with Heritage reporting the largest amount of U.S. coins sold at auction during the year, $187 million. The PNG estimates the overall U.S. rare coin market in 2018 was over $4 billion not including sales by the United States Mint or bullion coins, such as gold and silver American Eagles.
“With the stock market dropping during the fourth quarter of 2018 we saw an increase in interest in the rare coin market with some people taking profits from stocks and buying coins that have proven to show sizeable and consistent increases in value over the years, as well as buying precious metals,” said Professional Numismatists Guild President Barry Stuppler.
Four significant, historic vintage U.S. coins and three 19th century U.S. bank notes sold for $1 million or more each during the year in public auctions, and several other U.S. rare coins reportedly were purchased for $1 million or more in private transactions.
“There was continuing strong demand in the numismatic market on superb quality and rarity throughout the past year. In addition to high-grade vintage coins that set records, some modern coins that are the finest known, what we call ‘condition rarity,’ also commanded amazing prices,” explained Stuppler.
One of those examples is a 1987-dated Kennedy half dollar graded by Numismatic Guaranty Corporation as Mint State 68 (on a scale of 1 to 70) which sold for a record-smashing $4,800 in a Stack’s Bowers Galleries auction. A similar 1987 half dollar, graded by Professional Coin Grading Service also as MS 68, sold in 2014 for $3,290 by Heritage Auctions, an increase of over 45 percent in only four years. In circulated condition, 1987 Kennedy half dollars are simply worth face value, 50 cents each.
Among the most popular U.S. coins are Morgan silver dollars, struck from 1878 to 1904 and again in 1921, and named after their designer, George T. Morgan. An 1897-dated Morgan dollar struck at the New Orleans Mint and graded PCGS MS 66 was sold by Sotheby’s in 2018 for a record $262,500. The same coin sold in 2015 in a Legend Rare Coin Auctions sale for a then-record $108,688, an increase of over 140 percent in three years.
The U.S. coins that each sold at auction for $1 million or more in 2018 were:
$4,560,000 by Stack’s Bowers for the finest example of one of the five known 1913 Liberty Head nickels, graded by PCGS as Proof 66, the highest price ever paid at auction for one of these legendary rare coins;
$2,640,000 by Heritage Auctions for an original 1804 silver dollar, graded PCGS Proof 62;
$2,160,000 by Heritage Auctions for the recently discovered fourth known 1854 San Francisco Mint Half Eagle ($5 denomination gold coin), graded NGC Extremely Fine 45;
and $1,740,000 by Heritage Auctions for a 1792 Washington Eagle ($10 denomination gold coin), graded NGC Extremely Fine 45.
The auction firms that responded to a PNG year-end questionnaire are: Archives International Auctions; Ira & Larry Goldberg Auctioneers; GreatCollections Coin Auctions; Heritage Auctions; Kagin’s, Inc.; David Lawrence Rare Coins; Legend Rare Coin Auctions; Sotheby’s; and Stack’s Bowers Galleries.
The Professional Numismatists Guild was founded in 1955, and its member-dealers must adhere to a strict code of ethics in the buying and selling of numismatic merchandise.
For additional information and a list of member-dealers, visit online at www.PNGdealers.org or call the PNG headquarters in Temecula, California at (951) 587-8300.
See it? Report it! 01/21/2020
Hundreds of Rare Coin Record Prices In 2019, Reports Professional Numismatists Guild 12/30/2019
PNG 2020 YN Scholarship Competition Opens 12/02/2019
PNG Leaders Step Up Fight Against Fakes With Anti-Counterfeiting Educational Foundation
Veteran Dealer Says Gold’s Fundamentals Never Looked Better
The Professional Numismatists Guild (PNG) is a nonprofit organization composed of many of the country's top rare coin and paper money experts who undergo a background check, must adhere to a strict code of ethics in the buying and selling of numismatic items and who guarantee the authenticity of the numismatic merchandise they sell.
PNG Mission:
Ensuring integrity, instilling confidence, and promoting professionalism for the benefit of all numismatic collectors and professionals.
© Professional Numismatists Guild
About PNG
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The Opportunity of Obstacles
Posted on March 24, 2012 by Paul Hyland
“I would have had no interest or knowledge of anything associated with disability up until then,” I’m told matter-of-factly over the phone. If Dubliner Stephen Cluskey hadn’t gone to work on that fateful day 10 years ago, he probably still wouldn’t. But he did.
At 18, Stephen had just entered his Leaving Cert year. The set of exams undertaken by those on the cusp of adulthood and independence are often looked back on with overwhelming relief by all who have sat them. While Stephen’s Leaving Cert also signified his transition into adulthood, independence was not to accompany it.
By the time June of 2002 had arrived, he was part-way into a 16-month stay at Dun Laoghaire Rehabilitation Clinic, the result of a farming accident which had left him with a broken neck and a forever altered future. In the decade that has followed, not a lot has changed for him medically. But that’s only half the story.
The hourly, never mind daily obstacles he has faced have made the easy, pre-2002 tasks immeasurably harder. His business mind, sharpened by the distance-learning business degree that he has been taking for the last 3 years, is helping him to view these obstacles as something completely different – business opportunities.
Having travelled to America and Portugal over the years for treatment, what should have been a non-issue soon became an unwelcome distraction. “I really struggled with public transport over there,” he says. Things were very different when Stephen had travelled to London for similar treatment. “In London, every taxi is wheelchair accessible, which I think is something we should be working towards,” he says.
While the latest grant scheme for wheelchair accessible taxis by the National Transport Authority (NTA) may increase the numbers somewhat (see below for more), the numbers are still far too low in Stephen’s eyes. “It’s not going to make a huge impact by any stretch of the imagination,” he says. Far bigger a problem, however, is finding one of these taxis when you need it.
Take Co. Tipperary, for example. As of the 31st of January 2012, figures from the NTA show that only 4 out of 267 taxis and hackneys were wheelchair accessible – less than 2%. To put in another way, someone who is wheelchair-bound and who finds themselves in Tipperary has a less than 1 in 50 chance of getting a public service vehicle that can actually take them where they want to do.
Something needs to be done, and Stephen is managing to do it. “After a lot of research, I realised I wasn’t the only one suffering from this problem,” he says, when recalling the logistical nightmares which have too often taken the fun out of trips or, worse again, prevented them from happening in the first place.
Launched at the beginning of February, www.wheelchairtaxi.ie is his brainchild. The best ideas are often the simplest ones, with Stephen’s definitely falling into the why didn’t I think of this before category. Offering a way for drivers of wheelchair accessible taxis to register their services through the website has so far led to nearly 70 to date.
Users can then find wheelchair accessible taxis in their locality. Realising that the site is unworkable without suitable taxis, taxi drivers or those looking to use them are not required to pay any fees. Helping to solve a major problem which in turn makes your own life easier in the process doesn’t mean that you can’t turn a profit, however.
Having already spent approximately €1000 on getting the site to where it is today Stephen neither expects charity nor seeks to run one. With a business model in place which he believes will turn a profit, from next month the site will list more types of accessible transport.
Advertisements for wheelchair accessible minibuses, coaches, vans and even boats are planned, with the advertiser paying a fee for access to a niche market. “I plan to make it as much of a one stop shop as possible,” he says. “With the internet nowadays you can search sites for everything, from comparing your insurance to checking out the property market. I suppose it’s just an extension of that for the disabled community.”
Having gotten details from the Taxi Regulator, Stephen has personally sent out text messages via the internet to every taxi driver in the country to alert them of the website. Circumstances may have changed how he interacts with technology, but it has also proved to be the great equaliser for him over the last decade.
Describing our initial contact via email, he tells me how software transformed his words into text, ready to be sent. “A head mouse, which is like a sensor which sits on top of a computer allows me to move my head and the mouse moves with me. To click I hold it in the same position for a second or two,” he tells me, describing the process which has now become second nature to him.
Whether ultimately profitable or not, everything Stephen has done to date has been driven by a very simple premise, which the younger version of himself would never have given a second thought to. “I want to restore that spontaneity back into the lives of people with disabilities so that they don’t have to plan everything.”
They say the best ideas are often the simplest ones. So why didn’t we think of that?
Small Public Service Vehicle (SPSV) licenses as at 31/01/12
On the 1st of February 2012, the National Transport Authority (NTA) launched the second Wheelchair accessible Grant Scheme, which made €165,000 available for the upgrading of licensed vehicles to be wheelchair accessible, along with an additional €85,000 for those wishing to enter the profession. For those looking to upgrade, the payout per recipient is capped at €15,000.
If each recipient were to receive the max payout, this would result in the conversion of only 11 taxis nationally, with funds being split 50:50 between Dublin and the rest of the country.
Speaking to Joanne Coffey, whose PR firm represents the Commission for Taxi Regulation, the first Wheelchair accessible Grant Scheme resulted in 16 new vehicles and 5 conversions. Using the earlier example of Tipperary, however, it only increased its number by 1, from 3 to 4.
How the web could save your life
While ideas such as www.wheelchairtaxi.ie have the ability to improve lives, another initiative is hoping to use technology to potentially save them. Currently being trialled until the end of June, those who are deaf, hard of hearing, or speech-impaired can register their mobile phone number along with other personal information, including any medical conditions, using the website www.112.ie.
In the event of an emergency, a simple text from the registered mobile phone to 112 (the Europe-wide emergency number) will automatically be passed on to An Garda Síochána, the Ambulance service, the Fire service, or the Irish Coastguard. For more information, check out www.112.ie.
This entry was posted in Feature, Human Interest, Technology by Paul Hyland. Bookmark the permalink.
1 thought on “The Opportunity of Obstacles”
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Tag Archives: Philadelphia
Starbucks: The Adults In the Business World
Posted by Paul Kiser in All Rights Reserved, Branding, Business, Communication, Crisis Management, Customer Relations, Customer Service, Discrimination, Employee Retention, Ethics, Honor, Human Resources, labor, Lessons of Life, Life, Management Practices, Nevada, Public Image, Public Relations, racism, Respect, Social Media Relations
CEO, employee relations, Kevin Johnson, Philadelphia, racism, Starbucks, United Airlines
When you have with 238,000 employees, most of whom interact with the public all day, someone is going to do something stupid. That is a fact of human nature. The question is, how the leadership of a company deals with an incident? In the case of Starbucks, you be the adult and not the five-year-old.
Racists Don’t Think They’re Racist
Racism is a major problem in this country. Racists usually don’t know they are a racist. In their minds, they do what they think is ‘natural’ from their cultural perspective. What is natural is what is correct. This means most racists are in the bigot closet and don’t even know it.
There is no racism test for an employer to give a job applicant. If there were, a lot of people would be unemployable. Closet racists are going to be hired at all major corporations. Sometimes, like at Cracker Barrel, the racism is condoned by the employer; however, most companies avoid hiring overtly racists employees. At least that’s what they claim.
Regardless, when an employee does something that is racist, many executives will attempt to minimize the incident, or attempt to deny the issue was about race. The public relations (PR) people are experts at diluting the obvious by reminding the media that motivations can’t be proven. From a PR perspective, a company, like United Airlines, can do no wrong, even when it does something wrong.
Starbucks Policy of Responsibility
The leadership at Starbucks is probably not perfect, but at least they make every attempt to be aware of what is correct from what is wrong. That is why Kevin Johnson, the CEO of Starbucks wasted no time in responding to one of his employees calling the police on two African Americans for trespassing in a Starbucks when they didn’t purchase something in the store.
In this incident is noteworthy that at least six officers were present to arrest two non-combative African American males. It was overkill that the police were called, and overkill that six police responded. If a white man had robbed the Starbucks it is likely that it wouldn’t have had this response.
The victims of this incident were held for over eight hours after being arrested. They were released after the police admitted they had no crime to with which to charge them.
What Starbucks Didn’t Do
Johnson didn’t offer excuses for his company. He didn’t say the video doesn’t really tell the whole story. The CEO didn’t even hint that it might not have been a racist act.
Instead, Johnson offered apology after apology. Johnson met directly with the men involved. He called the act “reprehensible.” It is unclear what happened to the employee in question, but the employee is no longer at that store.
Most companies today look like children trying to cover up their misbehavior after a public relations incident such as this one. It is good to know that Starbucks is capable of using common sense and decency in responding to this situation.
Sadly, the rest of the employees at Starbucks will be impacted by this one person’s act. We all pay for the bad behavior of others.
Sanders is Still DOA: Math Trumps Rhetoric
Posted by Paul Kiser in Ethics, Generational, Government, Honor, Politics, The Tipping Point, Women
2016, Bernie Sanders, convention, delegates, Democrat, Democrats, Election, Hillary Clinton, Philadelphia, President, Presidential candidates, Presidential election, Presidential race, superdelegates
Bernie Sanders Math: If I lose, I should still win!
Bernie Sanders won Indiana. Well, sort of.
If by winning, you mean he received 34,466 more votes, then yes, he won.
However, exit polls showed him pulling a surprise 12% win, which would have helped his famous, and endless claim of ‘momentum,’ but he only came in with less than half of that percentage.
But the real contest is who wins the most delegates. Before Indiana Sanders was 327 delegates behind, and his Indiana ‘win’ nets him six more. Six more delegates is not even close to what he needed. Now he is has a deficit of 321 delegates, and between now and the June 7th California primary there are only 262 delegates available. Even if Sanders won one hundred percent of every primary and caucus between now and June 7th, he would still be behind Hillary Clinton in delegates.
California is the end of the road for Sanders. He can refuse to concede, but it won’t matter. There are 548 delegates available in the California primary. Clinton needs 181 of those delegates, along with the superdelegates who’ve pledged their vote to her, and she has the nomination.
Sanders needed to have a stunning win in Indiana to keep up the appearances of a contender, and he didn’t. His campaign has even given up the idea that he has to win the most pledged delegates, and is now focusing on converting the superdelegates to vote for him even if he can’t win the majority of regular delegates. That’s just a fantasy.
Hillary Clinton: Coasting to the nomination
The superdelegates are loyal Democrats. That’s how they earned the honor of being a superdelegate. Sanders is not a Democrat. He is an Independent who refused to join the Democratic party until he decided to run for President. His plan to ‘convert’ the superdelegates would require that some of the most loyal Democrats abandon the real Democrat who has won the most pledged delegates, to give the nomination to a candidate who is a Democrat in name only. It is not going to happen.
Under the rosiest scenario, Sanders will 129 delegates between now and June 7th. That would only give 66 more delegates to Clinton, but she would then only need 115 more delegates to win the nomination. Currently she is ahead of Sanders in California by ten points, but lets assume that Sanders wins by ten points. He would win 329 delegates, and Clinton 219.
Clinton will clinch the nomination in California by over one hundred delegates, even if Sanders wins every primary/caucus up to, and including California. Not only does Clinton win, but she also will still have over one hundred more pledged delegates than Sanders.
Sanders is claiming the system is rigged. He’s correct. It’s rigged to nominate the person who wins the most delegates, and that is Hillary Clinton.
The only question left is who she will face in the general election. Will it be the Donald Trump, or will there be an eleventh hour switch to Paul Ryan?
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Cherubino Manzoni
Countries Italy
Birth 1595 (Naples, Metropolitan city of Naples, Campania, Italy)
Death 1651 (Termoli, Province of Campobasso, Molise, Italy)
Cherubino Manzoni, O.F.M. (1595–1651) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Termoli (1644–1651) and Bishop of Lavello (1635–1644).
Cherubino Manzoni was born in Naples, Italy in 1595 and ordained a priest in the Order of Friars Minor. On 9 Jul 1635, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Urban VIII as Bishop of Lavello. On 26 Aug 1635, he was consecrated bishop by Francesco Maria Brancaccio, Cardinal-Priest of Santi XII Apostoli, with Alessandro Suardi, Bishop of Lucera, and Sigismondo Taddei, Bishop of Bitetto, serving as co-consecrators. On 13 Jul 1644, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Urban VIII as Bishop of Termoli. He served as Bishop of Termoli until his death in 1651.
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Press Release: Live Cinema screening of The Royal Ballet’s “Coppélia” on February 5
The 2020 Live Cinema Series will begin with a screening of The Royal Ballet’s current production of Coppélia on Wednesday, February 5 at 6:00 p.m. This production was filmed live at The Royal Opera House in London and is rebroadcast to select theatres. Ninette de Valois’ charming and funny Coppélia is a classic in The Royal Ballet repertory – a…
Press Release: As-Heard-on-NPR Comedy Series begins with James Judd on January 25
Stand-up storyteller James Judd will perform at Gesa Power House Theatre on Saturday, January 25 at 7:00 p.m. This night of comedy will kick off the As-Heard-on-NPR Comedy series, sponsored in part by Northwest Public Broadcasting. Monologuist and comedian James Judd, frequent headliner of Snap Judgment on NPR, has accidentally ended up in a whorehouse in China…
Press Release: 2020 Shows Announced
Tickets are now on sale for more than two dozen 2020 shows and events at Gesa Power House Theatre. The 2020 lineup includes an unprecedented number of comedy acts, including stand-up storyteller James Judd, a frequent headliner of NPR’s Snap Judgment, two Off-Broadway solo shows by actor and comedian Don Reed, and three stand-up shows…
Press Release: Live Cinema screening of Kenneth Branagh’s 2015 “The Winter’s Tale”
The 2019 Live Cinema Series continues at Gesa Power House Theatre with a screening of Kenneth Branagh’s The Winter’s Tale on Wednesday, December 4 at 6:00 p.m. This production was filmed live in 2015 at The Garrick Theatre in London and is rebroadcast internationally to select screens. King Leontes appears to have everything: power, wealth,…
Press Release: Tickets on sale for Celtic Christmas concert with Affinití and Howard Crosby – December 11
Celtic classical trio Affinití will once again bring the magic of “A Celtic Christmas” to Gesa Power Theatre in Walla Walla on Wednesday, December 11 at 7:00 p.m. Audiences can expect to hear Christmas favorites such as Affinití’s chart-topping version of “O Holy Night” and “Walking in the Air” alongside some of Ireland most beloved…
Press Release: Bluewood Alpine Race Team hosts screening of Warren Miller’s “Timeless” ski film – Nov. 8
Bluewood Alpine Race Team (BART) will host a screening of Warren Miller’s Timeless – the 70th annual ski and snowboard film by Warren Miller Entertainment – at Gesa Power House Theatre on Friday, November 8. Doors open at 5:00 p.m. for a prefunk party (food truck, silent auction, giveaways). The film screening begins at 7:30 p.m. Much of…
Press Release: October 4 event cancelled
The previously scheduled “50 Shades of Grey” event on October 4 has been cancelled. The performers were involved in a traffic accident and although they are all okay, they will not be able to perform this week. Gesa Power House Theatre is working to reschedule the show. All ticketholders will have the option of exchanging…
Press Release: America’s Sweethearts concert November 10
Gesa Power House Theatre presents America’s Sweethearts in concert on Sunday, November 10 at 7:00 p.m. America has loved the swinging sounds of female close-harmony groups even before The Andrews Sisters hit the airwaves with “Bei Mir Bist Du Schön” in 1937, but audiences will hear those great vintage songs with fresh ears when America’s Sweethearts take…
Press Release: Tickets on sale for three family-friendly shows at Gesa Power House Theatre
Tickets are on sale for three family-friendly shows in the Little Watts Family Series sponsored by Walla Walla Valley Honda. Each show runs about an hour and is appropriate for all ages. First up is “Jugglemania” on Sunday, September 15 at 2:00 p.m. Juggler Rhys Thomas has performed during NBA half-time shows, as an opener…
Press Release: 4th Annual Dancing with the W2 Stars – October 12
Local Walla Walla celebrities will take to the Gesa Power House Theatre stage on Saturday, October 12 at 7:00 p.m. for the 4th Annual Dancing with the W2 Stars fundraising event for Valley Residential Services. This year’s event is presented by Banner Bank and supported by other local businesses, nonprofits, and individuals. Local participants will…
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View source for Debates by Phyllis Schlafly
← Debates by Phyllis Schlafly
Phyllis Schlafly spoke at hundreds of college events, many of them debates, from 1973 through until about 2010. These were typically extraordinary, packed audiences of 500 or more, reaching a total of roughly 100,000 college students during their impressionable ages when they were forming opinions that would stay with them for the rest of their lives. For example, she debated Karen DeCrow more than 80 times, according to the ''Syracuse Post'': "DeCrow was a tireless campaigner for the Equal Rights Amendment and debated Phyllis Schlafly more than 80 times." ''Karen DeCrow leaves proud legacy'', The Post Standard (Syracuse, NY), June 8, 2014 Sunday, Final Edition, p. E2 (Opinion section). Phyllis Schlafly also debated law professor Catharine MacKinnon twice in California, as mentioned in Prof. MacKinnon's book, "Feminism Unmodified: Discourses on Life and Law" (p. 21). For the duration of the struggle over the Equal Rights Amendment (1973-1982), Phyllis Schlafly kept a log of her daily activities. Here is a growing list of her college events, mostly debates, during the roughly 40-year period beginning in 1973: *at Princeton University, she spoke: :*on January 1997, on "Whatever Happened to the Republican Party" [http://www.mocavo.com/Town-Topics-Princeton-Dec-31-1997-Volume-Li/943563/8] :*during the 1980-81 calendar year, on ERA *at Harvard University, she spoke: :*on October 14, 2005 (on "The Rise of Grassroots Conservatism," which began a conference entitled "Right Here, Right Now") [http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/2005/10.20/11-schlaffly.html] *at Columbia University, she spoke: :*in early May 2008 *at Stanford University, she spoke: :*in late May or early June 1988, in Dinkelspiel Auditorium, called a "Conservative Feminist," reported in June 2, 1988 of Stanford Daily p. 21 (confirm by finding article itself) :*on January 26, 1982, in a debate with visiting law professor Catherine MacKinnon, "to an overflowing and vocal audience in Kresge Auditorium on the present and future situation of women in American society" [http://stanforddailyarchive.com/cgi-bin/stanford?a=d&d=stanford19820127-01.2.2] :*in early February 1975, to a capacity crowd of 500 in Cubberley Auditorium, with two other panelists opposed to her. At that time 31 States had enacted ERA. [http://stanforddailyarchive.com/cgi-bin/stanford?a=d&d=stanford19750212-01.2.2] *at the University of California at Berkeley, she spoke: :*on February 24, 2009, on “Feminism vs. Conservatism" [http://michellemalkin.com/2009/02/27/prayers-for-phyllis-schlafly/] *School of Theology, Claremont, California, she spoke: :*on March 16, 1982, in a debate with law professor Catharine MacKinnon. *a college in San Francisco, she spoke: :*on November 17, 1982, in a debate with Deirdre English, editor of ''Mother Jones'', before a particularly hostile audience *at the University of Iowa, she debated: :*in 1979, against Sara Weddington before a particularly hostile audience *before a joint session of the General Assembly of the State of Arkansas "*in 1975, against GCSW member and former commission chair Diane Blair. == Famous quotes from debates == *Betty Friedan declared in a serious tone, "I'd like to burn you at the stake!" in one of Friedan's debates with Phyllis. == Transcripts of Debates == *[http://www.flhistoriccapitol.gov/Documents/Education/Previsit/Transcript-ERA.pdf Phyllis Schlafly v. Dr. Ann Scott, Vice President for Legislation of the National Organization for Women (NOW)] == See also == *Joe Kennedy, "Elitist heckling at Stanford," The Stanford Daily, Volume 181, Issue 9, 11 February 1982 ("The audience behavior at the recent debate between Phyllis Schlafly and visiting Law Prof. Catherine McKinnon made me wonder what it means to be a Stanford student and what it means to be a liberal. For a moment, I thought that I had wandered into an ASSU flick instead of a forum for intelligent debate. The booing and hissing by a portion of the audience aimed at Schlafly has already been criticized ....")
Return to Debates by Phyllis Schlafly.
Retrieved from "http://phyllisschlaflyinstitute.com/Debates_by_Phyllis_Schlafly"
About Phyllis Schlafly
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Former Board Chairs of the Pier 21 Society
Former Board Chairs for the Canadian Museum of Immigration at Pier 21
Our Nation Builders
In 2005, the Pier 21 Foundation launched the Nation Builders Campaign, an Endowment to fund the Canadian Museum of Immigration at Pier 21. Under the leadership of Ruth Goldbloom, the Nation Builders Campaign has accomplished its $7 million goal to establish this endowment fund. One million dollars was donated by, or in recognition of, each of the seven Nation Builders who have a connection to or an affinity for Pier 21. These extraordinary gifts will ensure that the stories of those who passed through Pier 21, and those who choose Canada as their home, will be remembered for generations to come.
Our Nation Builders symbolize what it means to be Canadian. The struggles, hard work, determination, sacrifice and vision of our Nation Builders exemplify Canada’s spirit.
Rudolph P. Bratty, B.A., LL.B., Q.C.
Leslie L. Dan, C.M., O.Ont.
Ruth M. Goldbloom, O.C., O.N.S.
Iris MacDonald
John W. McConnell
W. Galen Weston, O.C.
The Immigrant
Nation Builder Plaza
On November 2, 2009, the Museum honoured our seven Nation Builders at a special dedication ceremony at the newly created Nation Builder Plaza, located outside of the Canadian Museum of Immigration at Pier 21.
With gratitude to those who made the construction of Nation Builder Plaza possible:
Power Corporation of Canada
And with thanks to the leadership donors to the Pier 21 Endowment Fund:
Alfredo, Angelo and Antonio DeGasperis
Marjorie and Sheldon Fountain, Elizabeth and Fred Fountain and Eileen Richardson
Emera – Nova Scotia Power
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We took one bit and gagged - SALTED BUTTER!
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Comparison chart shows Nintendo 2DS weighs less than 3DS XL, still-mediocre battery life
Nintendo revealed the specs for its upcoming 2DS, and there are some interesting tidbits. For one, the screen real estate…
By Alex Co June 30, 2014 November 1, 2019 Share
Nintendo revealed the specs for its upcoming 2DS, and there are some interesting tidbits. For one, the screen real estate is exactly that of the regular 3DS, though it boasts slightly improved, if not still-mediocre, battery life: 3.5-5.5 hours for the 2DS versus 3-5 hours for the regular 3DS and 3.5-6.5 hours for the 3DS XL.
In addition, the 2DS weighs slightly more than the 3DS, coming in at 260 grams versus the 3DS’ 235 gram figure. Even so, it’s still less than the 3DS XL’s 336 gram total weight. Europeans will rejoice, as the 2DS comes with a power adapter. I say that because, for every region except North America, the 3DS XL did not come packaged with a power adapter.
The 2DS does not have a power-saving mode, and will come packed with mono speakers. Thankfully, plugging in headphones will provide stereo for potential 2DS owners. You can look at the comparison chart in all its glory down below.
The 2DS will launch on October 12 for $129.99.
Source: Destructoid
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Brendan Boyle & Adrian Smith
Compare the voting records of Brendan Boyle and Adrian Smith in 2017-18.
Brendan Boyle
Represented Pennsylvania's 13th Congressional District. This is his 2nd term in the House.
Brendan Boyle and Adrian Smith are from different parties and disagreed on 69 percent of votes in the 115th Congress (2017-18).
But they didn't always disagree. Out of 1097 votes in the 115th Congress, they agreed on 335 votes, including 9 major votes.
July 24, 2018 — Protect Medical Innovation Act
June 7, 2018 — Tsongas of Massachusetts Part B Amendment No. 13
Sept. 13, 2017 — Torres of California Amendment No. 87
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Home » Depression » Can Blue-Colored Light Prevent Suicide?
Can Blue-Colored Light Prevent Suicide?
By John M. Grohol, Psy.D.
Founder & Editor-in-Chief
An intriguing, anecdotal finding was recently reported by some news outlets that the implementation of blue-colored streetlights has reduced both crime and suicides:
Glasgow, Scotland, introduced blue street lighting to improve the city’s landscape in 2000. Afterward, the number of crimes in areas illuminated in blue noticeably decreased.
The Nara, Japan, prefectural police set up blue street lights in the prefecture in 2005, and found the number of crimes decreased by about 9 percent in blue-illuminated neighborhoods. Many other areas nationwide have followed suit.
Keihin Electric Express Railway Co. changed the color of eight lights on the ends of platforms at Gumyoji Station in Yokohama, Japan, in February.
Since the railway company introduced the new blue lights, they’ve had no new suicide attempts.
This effect may be attributed to a few possible reasons (some of which are mentioned in the comments section of the article):
The light color is new and unusual, causing people to act more cautiously in the area (as a person is unsure what to expect in the unusually-lit area).
Blue is a light color almost universally associated with a police presence, suggesting it is an area of stricter law enforcement.
Blue may be a more pleasant illuminating color to most people, as opposed to yellow, orange or red (according to some research, such as Lewinski, 1938).
In fact, the article quotes from a professor at the end, noting it may just be an “unusualness effect:”
Prof. Tsuneo Suzuki at Keio University said: “There are a number of pieces of data to prove blue has a calming effect upon people. However, it’s an unusual color for lighting, so people may just feel like avoiding standing out by committing crimes or suicide under such unusual illumination. It’s a little risky to believe that the color of lighting can prevent anything.”
There is a lot of research into the psychology of color, but not as much has looked into the color of blue illumination itself (as opposed to the color of an object or wall). But some research looking into short wavelength light (blue) has demonstrated that it is a potentially effective treatment for seasonal affective disorder (a seasonal type of depression; see for instance, Glickman, et al., 2006), and helps to reduce the stress response in fish (it hasn’t been yet tested on humans).
If this finding is robust and the behavior change associated with it is still prevalent a few years from now (when everyone has become accustomed to the new light color), it would be an interesting finding. A simple, inexpensive change might be effective in helping reduce at least one method of suicide (and reduce crime to boot).
Read the article: Blue streetlights may prevent crime, suicide
John M. Grohol, Psy.D.
Dr. John Grohol is the founder and Editor-in-Chief of Psych Central. He is a psychologist, author, researcher, and expert in mental health online, and has been writing about online behavior, mental health and psychology issues since 1995. Dr. Grohol has a Master's degree and doctorate in clinical psychology from Nova Southeastern University. Dr. Grohol sits on the editorial board of the journal Computers in Human Behavior and is a founding board member of the Society for Participatory Medicine. You can learn more about Dr. John Grohol here.
Grohol, J. (2018). Can Blue-Colored Light Prevent Suicide?. Psych Central. Retrieved on January 21, 2020, from https://psychcentral.com/blog/can-blue-colored-light-prevent-suicide/
Last updated: 8 Jul 2018 (Originally: 13 Dec 2008)
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Protests Hit Mass Detention Of Immigrant Children In Texas Tent Camp
By Bill Van Auken, Wsws.org
Protests Hit Mass Detention Of Immigrant Children In Texas Tent Camp2018-10-022018-10-02https://popularresistance-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/2017/12/popres-shorter.pngPopularResistance.Orghttps://popularresistance-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/2018/10/protesters_gather_at_tornillo_port_of_en_0_57341144_ver1.0_640_360-e1538486058974.jpg200px200px
Above Photo: From Ktsm.com
Scores of protesters gathered outside the Tornillo border crossing about 35 miles southeast of El Paso, Texas over the weekend to protest the mass incarceration of immigrant children there in a barren tent camp in the desert on the Mexican border. The demonstrators demanded the immediate release of the children as well as that of their parents.
The protest came amid reports that over 1,600 children have been relocated to the camp as part of a brutal immigration policy involving what amounts to midnight raids on shelters and foster care homes throughout the country.
Children are literally being dragged from their beds in the middle of the night without warning in order to prevent them from escaping, according to a report Sunday by the New York Times. They are then loaded onto buses and transported hundreds if not thousands of miles from as far away as New York and Kansas to be imprisoned in the Tornillo detention camp.
The Times reported that caregivers at the shelters and homes from which the children are removed have protested the action and have been left in tears by the government’s action. Children already traumatized by their detention and separation from their parents are once again subjected to the cruelty of the US government’s police-state regime against immigrants and refugees.
“Several shelter workers, who spoke on condition of anonymity for fear of being fired, described what they said has become standard practice for moving the children: In order to avoid escape attempts, the moves are carried out late at night because children will be less likely to try to run away,” the Times reported. “For the same reason, children are generally given little advance warning that they will be moved.”
The Tornillo detention camp, or “Tent City” was originally opened in June to house 400 boys after the Trump administration’s implementation of its “zero tolerance” policy, which effectively meant that all undocumented immigrants, including those claiming refugee status, were to be imprisoned, and all those deemed to have violated immigration law criminally prosecuted. While held in custody, parents were separated from their children.
While the administration has formally ended the policy of separation, it acknowledges that nearly 500 children are still separated from their parents and in custody, including 22 who are under the age of five. The parents of at least 322 of these children have already been deported. Moreover, the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) notified Congress earlier this month that it cannot locate about 1,500 children released into custody by immigration authorities and for whom it is responsible to ensure care.
The number of detained immigrant minors has increased fivefold since 2017, with more than 13,000 now in custody. The average period of time that these children spend in detention centers has nearly doubled from 34 days to 59 days, according to DHHS.
While the government initially said it would close down the Tornillo camp in July, it subsequently pushed the closing date to September and has now revealed that the facility is being vastly expanded and will remain open at least until the end of this year.
The children imprisoned at the camp are classified as “unaccompanied minors”, though it is unclear whether some of those housed there were separated from their parents either in crossing the border or by the Border Patrol itself.
Children sent to the Tornillo federal detention camp are taken from homes and shelters elsewhere to live in tents where they “sleep lined up in bunks” and are denied the right to education that is mandated in facilities under the jurisdiction of individual states’ child welfare laws. Their access to attorneys handling their immigration cases is also sharply curtailed.
Hundreds of children are being been dragged to the desert detention camp in Texas because of the overflow in other shelters caused by the record number of children that have been detained at the border and the difficulty in releasing them to family members created by the US government’s own draconian immigration policies.
Under the pretense of imposing more rigorous background checks on family members coming forward to take care of the children in custody—which has included the demand that they be fingerprinted—Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) has targeted these caregivers, many of whom are themselves undocumented immigrants, for detention and deportation.
Last month, ICE senior official Matthew Albence testified to Congress that under background check procedures, his agency had since July arrested 41 people who had come forward volunteering to “sponsor” the imprisoned children. An ICE spokesperson told CNN that 70 percent of these arrests were made based on the sole “crime” of being undocumented.
“Close to 80 percent of the individuals that are either sponsors or household members of sponsors are here in the country illegally, and a large chunk of those are criminal aliens,” Albence told the Congressional panel. “So we are continuing to pursue those individuals.”
Albence is the same ICE official who testified to Congress this summer that detention facilities like the one in Tornillo were the equivalent of “summer camps” for kids. Asked if he would send his own children to one of them, he replied that the question was not “applicable.”
The government’s crimes against children detained on the US southern border have only escalated since the Trump administration formally rescinded its policy of separating children from their parents. Yet, they are largely ignored by the media and by the Democratic Party, which put in place the “emergency shelter” regulations now being brutally implemented in Tornillo.
Children Class Struggle Detention Centers Immigration Protests Texas Undocumented
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1 Show, 10 Tracks
After spending a number of years working as a demo singer, country superstar Trisha Yearwood burst on the scene in 1991 with the hit single "She's In Love with the Boy," and has stayed at the top of the charts ever since. Her friendship with Garth Brooks scored her an opening slot on one of his tours, which proved instrumental in propelling her so quickly to stardom. Yearwood is an impressively expressive and nuanced singer who's at home with diva-style country pop ballads and -- seemingly -- all other manner of country material. Her records aren't always consistent, but she's not afraid to choose material from some cooler, lesser known songwriters like Kim Richey, Pat McLaughlin and Kevin Welch.
Biography Trisha Yearwood Concert Films Trisha Yearwood Top Tracks Related Artists Top Tracks on Qello
Trisha Yearwood Concert Films
Trisha Yearwood could be considered a Triple Threat in the country music genre. Having garnered the trifecta of three Grammys, an Oscar-nominated song, and being the first female country singer to sell a million copies of her 1991 self-titled debut, she is indeed the marker of success to which all country female singers aspire. As a Garth Brooks protge, Yearwood began her career singing backup on his 89 debut. Appearing again on Brooks follow-up, No Fences, soon she was sought out by MCA who released her self-titled debut. More than a decade later with nine blockbuster albums and a string of chart-topping singles under her talented belt Yearwood returns with her 10th album, Jasper County. The album will premiere in September 2005.
Yearwood joins the Soundstage ranks, bringing with her a few special guests. Launching the show is Billy Currington, who performs the title track to his forthcoming sophomore album, Doin Somethin Right, which will see its release in October 2005. The trio Sugarland follows him. Performing songs from 2004s Twice The Speed Of Light, the talented Jennifer Nettles, Kristen Hall, and Kristian Bush are a fine lead in to the highlight of the show. Yearwood takes the stage performing some of her finest hits, including her very first single, Shes In Love With A Boy, Xxxs And Oooos (An American Girl) from 95s Thinking About You, and the Diane Warren-penned How Do I Live.
Trisha Yearwood / 45 min
Trisha Yearwood Top Tracks
Live at Soundstage / Trisha Yearwood / 04:58
Walkaway Joe
Georgia Rain
XXX & OOO's
She's In Love With The Boy
Wrong Side of Memphis
The Song Remembers When
Country King
On October 21st, 2012, Garth Brooks was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame. It was recognition of an amazing career that has spanned over 25 years. His first album was released in 1989 and peaked at number 2 on the US country album chart, and since that debut release, Garth Brooks has gone to become possibly the most successful Country Music Singer of all time. Brooks broke records for both sales and concert attendance throughout the 1990's, and his integration of rock elements into his recordings and live performances earned him immense popularity. He's the winner of two Grammy Awards, seventeen American Music Awards, and was awarded as the best selling solo albums artists of the Century in the United States. He is the king of country, and he's sold the records to prove it. Follow the incredible story of Garth Brooks.
Garth Brooks / 58 min
Summer in 3D Concert
Kenny Chesney, the biggest ticket-seller of this century in any musical genre, has wrapped his latest concert tour, the Sun City Carnival. Kenny Chesney: Summer in 3D, will give fans the chance to live the songs and the moments that make the Kenny Chesney concert experience.
Kenny Chesney / 1 hr 39 min
Live And Kickin'
This performance filmed live at the historic Tivoli Theater in downtown Chattanooga in 2002 features many of Travis' all-time greatest hits including 8 Top 10 singles, plus powerful acoustic performances of several of his biggest hits.
Travis Tritt / 1 hr 30 min
VH1 Storytellers
Recorded live in September 2006 at the historic Los Angeles Theater, Dixie Chicks Storytellers was the grand finale in the whirlwind that surrounded the release of the band's 5x Grammy Award winning album Taking the Long Way. Fans are treated to personal anecdotes and inspiration around some of the band's biggest hits including "Not Ready to Make Nice," "Cowboy Take Me Away" and "Wide Open Spaces." Dixie Chicks Storytellers also features three never before seen performances from the original broadcast including "Lullaby," "Easy Silence" and "So Hard."
The Dixie Chicks are witty, charming and sometimes irreverent, but above all, incredible musicians and songwriters. With over 25 million albums sold, Dixie Chicks are the biggest selling female band of all time in the U.S. Dixie Chicks are Natalie Maines, Martie Maguire and Emily Robison.
Dixie Chicks / 1 hr 20 min
Revolution: Live By Candlelight
Revolution: Live by Candlelight features acoustic performances of songs from Miranda Lambert’s 2010 ACM Album of the Year Revolution, including #1 hits "White Liar" and "The House That Built Me" plus "Love Is Looking For You" from her Kerosene album.
Miranda Lambert / 27 min
Country music superstar, Toby Keith, plays live at Soundstage in this electrifying performance taped in front of some of his biggest fans. Keith performs a variety of popular hits spanning his storied career, as well as selections from his latest soon-to-be released album, 35 MPH Town.
35 MPH Town debuted on the Billboard 200 at No. 14 and Top Country Albums at No. 2, with 19,000 copies sold in its first week.
Toby Keith / 57 min
Beyond the Interview
Lorrie Morgan
This exciting documentary about country music legend Lorrie Morgan includes segments of her childhood, growing up backstage at the Grand Ole Opry, her road to stardom, and her much publicized personal life. Also included are interviews with Lorrie's closest confidants, celebrities whose lives she has influenced, and a candid look behind the scenes of her life. In addition to Lorrie's mother, siblings, and children, some of the other people interviewed for the documentary include artists Kellie Pickler, Mike Love from the The Beach Boys, and Barbara Mandrell; industry executives Joe Galante, James Stroud, Steve Moore, and Tony Conway; and music industry veterans Robert K. Oermann and Ralph Emery. Also features unique photos from Lorrie's personal collection.
Lorrie Morgan / 1 hr 34 min
Nash Lights Live
Shawn Parr brings the Party when Nash Nights Live hits the airwaves coast-to-coast; follow the iconic tune taste-maker as he and his co-host Elaina hang with the brightest stars in Music City.
Reba Mcentire / 20 min
Two-time Grammy winner Lee Ann Womack's Soundstage performance spans music from her 1997 platinum-selling eponymous debut through 2005. The setlist includes Never, Never Again and I Hope You Dance, a song dedicated to her two daughters, Womack delivers a compelling performance sure to please fans and newcomers alike.
Lee Ann Womack / 54 min
Precious Memories is the thirteenth studio album, and the first gospel album by American country music artist Alan Jackson. It was released on February 28, 2006 on the Arista Nashville label. Unlike his previous albums, this is a side project composed of traditional gospel songs. Although no singles were released from it, Precious Memories earned a Platinum certification by the Recording Industry Association of America.
Alan Jackson / 48 min
In a record-shattering career, Tim McGraw has sold over 40 million albums, dominated the charts with 30 Number One singles and received three Grammys, among other countless awards. The 2009 release of his tenth studio album, Southern Voice, represents a new level of depth and intensity for the seasoned country artist, showcased on this episode of Soundstage. With a commanding stage presence, McGraw croons out his reflective and haunting new songs “If I Died Today” and “I’m Only Jesus.” Other show highlights include “Live Like You Were Dying,” “Good Girls” and “Still.”
Tim McGraw / 52 min
Les Paul Concert
This concert filmed live on June 18, 2012 features, "Deana Carter playing a benefit concert for the Les Paul Kids Rock Free charity at the Fender Guitar Museum in Corona, California. The country star sang some of her hit songs to help get musical instruments and lessons to as many children as possible".
Deana Carter / 50 min
Forget You
Loberace: Live in Vegas
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Read by Kevin
Writer Kevin Singer's take on all things sci-fi, supernatural, strange and surreal
Is time travel possible (for real)?
06/28/2014 by Kevin Singer in Uncategorized and tagged 12 Monkeys, Continuum, Doctor Who, La Jetee, Sci-fi, science, Terminator, time travel | Leave a comment
When I was young my mother was in college and she took me to one of her film studies classes. I was maybe 8 or 9, and the movie we watched was an avant garde French black-and-white flick called La Jetee, about a man from a desolate future who travels back in time and is killed. A boy watches the man die, and the boy turns out to be that man as a child (You can watch the whole movie here).
Since then I’ve been hooked by time travel stories. They’re a staple of sci-fi, and some of my favorites are The Terminator series, Doctor Who, SyFy channel’s Continuum, and 12 Monkeys, which was based on La Jetee.
While time travel is an interesting fictional conceit, it’s been pretty much dismissed as an impossibility for several reasons:
1. How could it be done physically?
2. The possibility of time-destroying paradoxes — the most famous one being, what if you went back in time and accidentally killed your grandfather before your parent was conceived?
3. If time travel is possible, then why aren’t time travelers all around us?
I’ve never been convinced by number 2. Number 1 never interested me. Number 3 has always been the most persuasive.
Nevertheless, scientists are getting closer to solving the riddle presented in number 1.
According to this report, a team of Australian physicists have simulated time travel on a quantum level using particles of light. The particle “traveled” through spacetime on a closed timeline curve. This means that the particle returned to its original starting point. It did not create a new curve.
In the simulation, the particle was sent back to an earlier point in time and interacted with the original particle before returning back to the present.
Don’t ask me to explain the nitty-gritty science behind this stuff. I failed physics in college.
So, if I’m reading this correctly, time travel is theoretically possible, at least in the quantum world. Will this mean that we can one day travel through time? Probably not, but who knows?
In the meantime, I’ll keep going back, time and again, to time travel stories.
Secrets of the Ouija board
06/25/2014 by Kevin Singer in Uncategorized and tagged Always Mine, history, horror, Ouija board, science, supernatural, The Exorcist, writing | 2 Comments
Are Ouija boards dangerous? A comprehensive article traces its history, and the answers aren’t quite conclusive.
A Ouija board is a game that allows users to attempt to contact the spirit world. The board consists of letters and numbers. The player asks a question, and using a pointer, the spirit world will supposedly guide the pointer to letters that spell out an answer. Simple enough, right? Not really.
Ouija boards have a bad reputation. Many consider them a gateway to evil. If this latest news report is to be believed, three young Americans in Mexico fell into convulsions after using a Ouija board (the local priest refused to perform an exorcism because none were parishioners). I used a Ouija board as an element in my horror story Always Mine, and from reader response, it struck a nerve.
But what’s the truth behind this game?
This long Smithsonian article breaks down the history of the Ouija board. It turns out that Ouija boards are a uniquely American creation. In the mid 1800s, a wave of spiritualism swept the US. People believed they could contact the spirit world, which would deliver messages. This belief dovetailed neatly with organized religion, which more or less sanctioned this practice.
Then, in the late 1800s, a canny investor caught wind of a “talking board” and formed a company to manufacture these boards.
Among the interesting facts about the Ouija board:
–The name Ouija supposedly came from the board itself.
–The US patent office approved its patent after the board revealed the patent official’s first name (proof that it worked).
–It quickly became a best-seller, marketed as both a way to contact spirits, predict the future, and as wholesome family fun. Even Norman Rockwell got into the act.
But there was a dark side to it as well:
–One company head died after falling from a factory building, which he built based on advice from the Ouija board.
–In 1930, two women killed another based on the advice from a Ouija board.
And a quirky side:
–Writers have claimed that their works were written via Ouija board. One poet, James Merrill, won a major award for a poem that was “magnified” by his Ouija board.
So why have Ouija board become linked to evil?
Blame The Exorcist. Since that 1973 groundbreaking horror movie (which was supposedly inspired by actual events), Ouija boards lost any wholesome status they enjoyed. Following the phenomenal success of The Exorcist, Ouija boards have been denounced by religious groups and have become a staple for horror writers (guilty as charged). Interestingly, the board is still a hot seller.
The Smithsonian article delves in to the “why” of the Ouija board. In the simplest of terms, scientists believe Ouija boards tap into our unconscious mind. We may think we are talking to spirits, and in a sense, we are: our own.
But is this all there is to it? Maybe not. Check out these supposedly true scary stories of Ouija board freakiness.
To be honest, I’m not as concerned with how Ouija boards work. Don’t get me wrong: I love science. But when it comes to something like Ouija boards, I’d prefer to keep that element of scary suspense alive.
Interview with Andrew Lamb, author of the Dispatchers series
06/23/2014 by Kevin Singer in Uncategorized and tagged Andrew Lamb, Dispatchers, Madhuri Blaylock, paranormal, Sci-fi, writing | Leave a comment
Astral projection and bacon sandwiches are two things you normally wouldn’t link together. Fellow indie writer Madhuri Blaylock interviewed English writer Andrew Lamb, who wrote a paranormal novel — Dispatchers: Vengeance of the Dark — about astral projectors up to no good. That’s an intriguing set-up for a novel. Read Madhuri’s interview with Andrew below as they talk about his writing, his love of Cornwall and bacon sandwiches.
Madhuri Writes Things
Last week I became a member of the Goodreads group Paranormal, Fantasy, Dystopia and Romance Readers, Writers and Reviewers, a group whose goals are to help promote writers, give reviews, get good books out to reviewers and readers, give advice, engender good book discussions and just generally support Indie authors any way possible.
It’s through this group that I met Andrew Lamb, a writer from across the pond, developing a sci-fi/fantasy series called The Dispatchers, described as “a dark new twist on Astral Projection.” [Admit it, I had you at “dark new twist”.]
Always looking for new ways to help promote my fellow Indie authors and put some good juju out into the universe for myself and The Sanctum, I contacted Andrew to see if he would sit down for an interview to discuss pretty much whatever nonsense I throw at him. Apparently he’s a good sport…
The secret genius of Orphan Black
06/20/2014 by Kevin Singer in Uncategorized and tagged BBC America, clones, Orphan Black, Sci-fi, Tatiana Maslany, television | 2 Comments
The BBC America cult hit series Orphan Black has fast-paced plotting and amazing acting, but it’s something more psychological that keeps viewers hooked.
I thank Doctor Who for introducing me to Orphan Black. A couple of years ago, BBC America aired Doctor Who at 9 pm. When 10 came around, I was too lazy to lift the remote and change the channel, so I left it on. The next show? A new Canadian-produced sci-fi show with the weird title of Orphan Black. It only took one episode to hook me.
The premise: Sarah Manning, a rough-around-the-edges London transplant living in Canada discovers by chance that she’s a clone. Together with fellow clones Alison, an uptight soccer mom, Cosima, a gay, hipster science nerd, and Sarah’s loyal foster brother Felix, she tries to unravel the mystery of her existence, while protecting herself and her young daughter, from sinister forces.
Orphan Black, if you haven’t guessed, is not your standard thriller.
What makes this show great is, first and foremost, the top-notch writing. Orphan Black moves at breakneck speed (sometimes too fast). Once it has you, it doesn’t let go. And it is unflinching in its violence.
And then there’s Tatiana Maslany. This actor is amazing. She plays each of the clones (I read that there’s been 12 accounted for, but we’ve only seen 9. Maslany has played all 9. Even when it’s just a brief portrayal, Maslany manages to impart a unique persona on each clone.
Often, though, the clones interact with each other in a single scene. Think about it: one actor playing 3 different parts in a five minute scene. She does more than just pull it off. We quickly forget that it’s only one actor who we’re seeing. And then there was the scene where Maslany played Alison impersonating Sarah. Brilliant.
But to me the secret appeal of Orphan Black lies in its premise: clones. Clones are really nothing more than identical twins — two (or more) genetically identical humans. But identical twins, while they share the same exact DNA, are often more dissimilar personality-wise than alike. The same with the clones in Orphan Black. You have clones ranging from rough-edged transgender Tony to the corporate ice queen Rachel. Genetics doesn’t equal destiny.
What Orphan Black gives us, on an unconscious level, is a “what if” moment. What if I’d been born rich/poor/unwanted/loved? What if I went to/never went to college? What if I got married/never got married? We all have lives that go unlived, even those of us who live to the max. Choices inevitably are made. In Orphan Black, we get to see one genetic code across a range of lives and situations and choices. Why is Sarah straight and Cosima gay? Why is Alison so uptight while Sarah is so free-wheeling?
Who knows? But playing along in this game is half the fun.
See this movie: Edge of Tomorrow
06/17/2014 by Kevin Singer in Uncategorized and tagged aliens, Edge of Tomorrow, Emily Blunt, movies, Sci-fi, Tom Cruise, writing | 4 Comments
What do you get when you combine aliens, explosions, and the repeating day motif of Groundhog Day? Tom Cruise’s latest sci-fi action flick Edge of Tomorrow.
Tom Cruise’s personal life gets a lot of attention, but strip away that nuttiness and what you have is a workhorse actor who knows how to entertain. Whether it’s the Mission: Impossible series, Minority Report, or Oblivion, Cruise is a master at making a damn good action film. Edge of Tomorrow is the latest in his string of successes.
Edge of Tomorrow is based on the Japanese sci-fi novel All You Need Is Kill (great title!) by Hiroshi Sakurazaka. The movie’s plot: an alien race known as mimics has overrun the European continent, and unified forces are gearing up for a D-Day style invasion in France. Major William Cage (Cruise) finds himself on the front lines of the invasion, where he quickly dies. Only he doesn’t. Time resets, and he wakes up the morning before the invasion. He relives the same day, dying again and again. Aided by Sergeant Rita Vratraski (Emily Blunt) the war hero known as “Full Metal Bitch,” he plots to defeat the mimics.
What’s great about Edge of Tomorrow:
–Cruise and Blunt are excellent. This isn’t Oscar bait. We’re not looking for amazing acting. We want skill, competence and relatability. They deliver.
–The action is intense. The battle scenes are breakneck, part video game, part roller coaster.
–Humor. I didn’t think I’d be laughing during a Tom Cruise sci-fi action movie, but the writers were wise to add some funny scenes. On one level, this movie almost calls for it. The humor, which comes mostly from bungled deaths (and repeated days) helps break the tension. It also lets the audience laugh at the overall concept. Cruise plays it well — sometimes he’s clearly ready to die (again).
–The invasion of France has clear and obvious parallels to the Allied invasion of Europe in D-Day during World War II. The writers build a pretty complete world, one that has been at war for a while.
What’s not so great:
–The aliens were fine. I have no major complaints, but there was nothing particularly novel about them. The special effects were also fine. But I wanted a little more.
–I had a couple of issues with the ending, which I won’t reveal. The best I can say is that it was satisfying. I’ll leave it at that.
Overall, Edge of Tomorrow is a thrill ride of a movie with solid performances, some laughs, and great action scenes that make it worth a trip to the theater.
Meet my main character(s) blog tour
06/15/2014 by Kevin Singer in Uncategorized and tagged Madhuri Blaylock, supernatural, The Last Conquistador, The Sanctum, writing | 2 Comments
This is new for me. Friend and fellow writer Madhuri Blaylock (author of YA urban fantasy series The Sanctum) tagged me to join in on the Meet My Main Character blog tour.
My first question was, what the hell is this? Then I read Madhuri’s blog entry, and it clicked. Basically, this is a great way to share with readers and other bloggers some key and interesting facts about the characters who make up our literary worlds.
So now it’s my turn. The book: my supernatural suspense novel The Last Conquistador. Here goes.
1. What is the name of your main character? Is he or she fictional or a historical person?
The Last Conquistador tells two parallel stories, one set in the present day and one set in the past, so there are two main characters. Randy Velasquez is a young American soldier stationed in Germany. He’s totally fictional, though I drew on my experiences as a soldier in Germany to create much of the setting and even some situations.
Rodrigo is the main character of the second part, which is set in the past. He is a 17-year-old Spaniard who sets off for the New World in search of riches. He is fictional, though I based many of his exploits and misadventures on the true and wild tale of Cabeza de Vaca.
Randy’s story is set in the present in Germany. I chose this setting for two reasons. After living there as a soldier, I realized that, with a couple of exceptions, I’d never seen this setting in fiction before. Also, one of the themes of this story is being lost in a strange world. For Randy, Germany is a weird place that he’s never able to conquer.
Rodrigo’s story, which begins in the year 1530, spans Spain, Cuba, what is now the southwest US, and Mexico. Similar to Randy, though more extreme, he’s a stranger in a hostile land.
For both characters, their character traits drive the story.
Randy is brash, tenacious, and is stubborn. He’s a bit of a smartass, a little cocky and sometimes he goes too far, which gets him into trouble. But he never gives up.
Rodrigo is hungry and determined. He grew up the second son of a tanner in a small Spanish village, but he always lusted for adventure. This will get him into more trouble than he ever imagined. But his determination and hunger are what will carry him through some tough times.
4. What is the main conflict? What messes up his life?
For Randy, the trouble starts because of his German girlfriend Lise. The day after she tells him she’s pregnant, she leaves him. Randy is determined to find her and win her back. But everyone around him throws roadblocks in his path, and he learns that Lise is not who she appeared to be. Not only that, but there’s a demon chasing him.
Rodrigo is in love with Elena. When her father turns down his marriage proposal, he vows to become a rich conquistador to prove his worth. But luck isn’t on his side. He becomes shipwrecked among hostile Indian tribes and spends the next several years trying to find his way back home.
5. What is his personal goal?
Randy’s goal is to find Lise and win her back. He wants her, he wants their baby, he wants this fantasy life he’s built up in his head, and he refuses to let that go, demon or no demon.
Rodrigo’s goal at first was to amass wealth and prestige. but once he’s marooned, his goal is simply to survive.
For both characters their goals are shaped by who they are. Rodrigo’s hunger drives him. He wants so much from life. this helps him survive against long odds, but it also leads to disappointment. Randy is stubborn in his hope, which sees him through some dark times. It’s the key to his ability to battle the demon which he can never seem to shake.
And now, for the next stops on the blog tour, check out these writers as they discuss their main characters:
—Joy Simpson discusses her character Faith Annabelle in her novel in progress Breaking Faith.
—Lilo Abernathy introduces Bluebell Kildare from her book The Light Who Shines.
—Christa Wojo talks about David from her novella The Wrong David.
Check them all out. And if you’re a blogging writer, climb on board.
Game of Thrones vs science
06/11/2014 by Kevin Singer in Uncategorized and tagged Cersei, Game of Thrones, George RR Martin, Prince Oberyn, science, The Mountain, Tyrion, writing | Leave a comment
The Mountain vs Prince Oberyn vs science: who will win?
First, this website is not a spoiler-free zone. Never has and never will be. I’m fine with spoilers. Sometimes I even seek them out (I was that kid who opened up his Christmas presents and then re-wrapped them). So, if you HATE spoilers, and aren’t up-to-date on Game of Thrones, stop reading now.
I love science, and I love fiction (and I also love science fiction). Fiction shouldn’t have to live up to the standards of science, especially when we’re talking about fantasy, sci-fi, or supernatural/horror, all of which require a level of disbelief. But sometimes it’s fun to see if what happens on the page (or screen) could happen in real life.
Let’s look at Game of Thrones and the epic battle between The Mountain and Prince Oberyn. Quick recap: Tyrion was accused of poisoning his nephew, the spoiled, vicious King Joffrey. Facing near certain conviction in a sham trial, he chose a duel to decide his fate. If his chosen fighter won, he would be set free. Cersei, Joffrey’s mother, who hated her brother Tyrion, selected The Mountain, a hulking beast of a man.
Prince Oberyn, aka The Red Viper, a fiery, bisexual Dornish prince renown for his fighting skills, volunteered to battle The Mountain on behalf of Tyrion in order to extract a confession from the villain who raped and killed his sister years earlier.
Well, the fight didn’t go too well for either man. The Mountain was mortally wounded, and Prince Oberyn got his confession, but that was just before The Mountain crushed Oberyn’s skull with his bare hands.
It was shocking and gruesome, even for a show like Game of Thrones.
This article asks the scientific question: could The Mountain really have crushed Oberyn’s head like an overripe watermelon?
First the facts. The actor who plays The Mountain, Hafthor Julius Bjornsson, is 6 ft 9 inches and weighs over 400 lb. Bjornsson is the third-strongest man in the world and can deadlift 994 lb. The guy is seriously strong. The strength and size of Pedro Pascal, who played Oberyn, is irrelevant here, but this picture of the actors shows their difference in size.
So could he do it? Probably not. Based on bike helmet crash data, it would take 2x the amount of force to crush a skull than human hands could muster, even hands as strong as Bjornsson’s. But, like much of science, this isn’t settled. One study suggested that it takes as little as 16 lb of pressure to fracture the skull, while another study pushed the skull-crushing requirement to 1200 lb.
My vote? Let’s get Bjornsson a skull to crush (not mine). Then we’ll see if George RR Martin’s words were based on scientific fact, or were pure fiction.
Read this book: The Maze Runner
06/09/2014 by Kevin Singer in Uncategorized and tagged books, dystopian, James Dashner, Neal Shusterman, The Hunger Games, The Maze Runner, Unwind, writing, YA | Leave a comment
Short take: The Maze Runner, by James Dashner, is a thrill ride that succeeds despite its lack of heart.
When I was young I devoured the Choose Your Own Adventure books. These books were a plot maze where the reader would make a decision at a crucial plot point, and then be directed to a certain page to continue the story. Some decisions would lead to a dead end — end of story — while others would keep you going. All the books were exciting, plot-driven page turners where character (and character development) was largely irrelevant.
In many ways, The Maze Runner, another entry in the YA dystopian canon, reminds me of the Choose Your Own Adventure books. It’s an action-packed story with characters who might as well be blank.
The story: Thomas wakes up in an elevator, with no firm memories, that takes him to a place populated with tough-talking teenage boys. Thomas soon discovers that he’s trapped, as are all the boys. Every day the walls of their compound open, revealing mazes that the boys attempt to navigate. They’ve failed to find an escape, and are threatened by biomechanical monsters called Grievers that lurk in the maze. Thomas is determined to become a maze runner, convinced he can not only solve the maze, but also recover his lost memories.
First, the good:
–Reading The Maze Runner, the first in a series, is like being at a great amusement park. The book is a constant thrill ride that had me turning pages (flipping through my Kindle) at a lightning pace. Dashner excels at turning up the heat and keeping it going.
–Not only that, but Dashner expertly parcels out hints of what’s really going on. He gives us just enough to pique our interest the whole way through.
And the not-so-good:
–Thomas as a character is not relatable. He doesn’t have much of an inner life, largely because he can’t recall his past. Thomas has guts, but he has no heart. I felt the same about most of the other characters — group leaders Newt and Alby, maze-running expert Minho, and the mysterious lone girl Teresa. The only character who seemed three-dimensional was eager, bumbling Chuck. Dashner subtly showed us how desperate Chuck was for friendship. He did this through Chuck’s dialogue and actions. If only Dashner had done that with Thomas and the rest.
–I didn’t buy Thomas’s fledgling relationship with Teresa. Again, maybe it was the fact that both characters were amnesiacs; there wasn’t much to build on. Was Teresa included only to throw in a romantic subplot? If so, then it felt forced.
–While the story was thrilling, there were times when I wanted Dashner to slow down. There was little reflection. The Maze Runner would have benefited from a break in the action now and then.
But these complaints don’t doom the book — far from it.
The Maze Runner is just one among many YA dystopian novels, a trend which seems to never end. The ones I enjoyed the most — The Hunger Games series and Neal Shusterman’s Unwind — excelled because they focused on character. The Maze Runner shows that sometimes you can get away with relying solely on plot.
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Brandin Cooks Josh Reynolds Michael Vick Lamar Jackson Jalen Ramsey Marshal Yanda Marcus Peters Jared Goff John Harbaugh Aaron Donald Gus Edwards Eric Weddle Sean McVay Wade Phillips Terrence Henderson Mark Ingram Sports Sports transactions Sports business Professional football Football NFL football
Baltimore Ravens Los Angeles Rams Pittsburgh Steelers
Surging Ravens visit LA Rams for Monday night showdown
By GREG BEACHAM - Nov. 21, 2019 08:44 PM EST
Los Angeles Rams quarterback Jared Goff passes against the Chicago Bears during the first half of an NFL football game Sunday, Nov. 17, 2019, in Los Angeles. (AP Photo/Kyusung Gong)
LOS ANGELES (AP) — Sean McVay and the Los Angeles Rams know what it’s like to redefine how the NFL looks at offensive football, so they appreciate what Lamar Jackson is doing this season with the Baltimore Ravens.
The Rams aren’t exactly looking forward to seeing the latest innovations in person Monday night when they welcome the team on the NFL’s biggest surge to the Coliseum.
Well, most of the Rams aren’t, anyway.
“Lamar, love him and know the type of person he is, so it's like the proud big bro watching him from afar, the success he's having,” said Rams safety Eric Weddle, who played the past three seasons for Baltimore.
“It's going to be a huge challenge for us,” Weddle added. “You can play defense great and be perfect, but he's the X factor, and you can't get down when he does make some plays or converts third down just by being him. You've just got to keep plugging along. But shoot, we love the challenge, man. This is what it's all about, and we get them at home.”
Jackson and the Ravens (8-2) get a national spotlight when they take on the Rams (6-4), whose attempt to stay in the NFC playoff race won’t survive many more defeats. While Los Angeles has one of the NFL’s most effective defenses in recent weeks, it hasn’t seen anything like the multitalented Jackson, who presents innumerable challenges to any group.
The Ravens are on a six-game winning streak heading to LA, and Jackson is dazzling the league with his arm and his feet. Rams defensive coordinator Wade Phillips agrees with observers who compare Jackson favorably with Michael Vick, and he should know: Phillips spent two seasons with Vick and the Atlanta Falcons, even serving as interim head coach.
“He’s certainly the MVP this year,” Phillips said. “He’s a tremendous runner, but the other part of it is they’ve made a lot of explosive plays, not just in the running game. ... It gives me a headache. It’s a great challenge.”
The Rams are counting on another strong defensive game to have a chance, because their two-year run as one of the NFL’s most dynamic offensive forces is over. Although their overall production hasn’t dropped as steeply as their critics seem to believe, McVay and his offense have endured several terrible performances in which they looked nothing like the innovative team that scored nearly 33 points per game last season.
The Ravens are scoring 34.1 points per game behind Jackson.
Here are more things to know about Monday night:
COOKS BACK
Receiver Brandin Cooks is expected to return for the Rams after his second concussion of the season kept him out of the past two games. Cooks is Los Angeles’ top deep threat and a sure-handed target in all areas, and his absences have been a factor in the Rams’ struggles in the passing game. Josh Reynolds, the Rams’ No. 4 receiver, has come through with six catches for 104 yards in the past two games. Jared Goff is hoping to have all four of the Rams’ top receivers and both of his pass-catching tight ends against the Ravens.
FEARING DONALD
The Ravens know their success on offense could depend heavily on stopping sack specialist Aaron Donald. The two-time NFL Defensive Player of the Year had two sacks last week against the Bears to bring his season total to eight.
“He's got it all. He has speed, strength, quickness. He's definitely got the whole package,” Ravens veteran guard Marshal Yanda said. “He's the No. 1 defensive player in the NFL for a reason.”
Yanda, a seven-time Pro Bowl selection, is eager for the task against Donald, who typically wreaks his havoc in the middle of the offensive line.
“Most guys in this league are competitors and I'm definitely a very competitive guy,” Yanda said, “so I'm excited for a challenge.”
PETERS’ RETURN
The Rams are eager to see cornerback Marcus Peters, who started the Super Bowl last season before Los Angeles traded him to Baltimore last month as part of their moves to acquire Jalen Ramsey. Peters is still regarded warmly around the Rams, but they weren’t willing to sign him to an extension after his contract expires this winter. Peters has made an immediate impact with the Ravens, returning two interceptions for touchdowns.
NO SPY ZONE
Weddle started all 49 of the Ravens’ games over the past three seasons before they cut him in March. He signed with the Rams and has played well, but the veteran safety raised eyebrows earlier this week when he said he wouldn’t share inside information about his former Baltimore teammates and coaches with his new employers and teammates in Los Angeles. Weddle says he would consider it a betrayal of his friends.
1-2 PUNCH
Although Jackson is the difference-maker in the Ravens running game, Mark Ingram and Gus Edwards form a dangerous tandem out of the backfield. Ingram has rushed for 667 yards and Edward has 390, including a 112-yard performance against Houston last week with a 63-yard touchdown run.
“I like the way they complement each other, I really do,” coach John Harbaugh said. “They are different enough to give the defense some issues with their different styles and how they run.”
AP Sports Writer Dave Ginsburg in Baltimore contributed to this report.
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NFL football Professional football Football Sports Austin Ekeler Philip Rivers Melvin Gordon Patrick Mahomes II Demarcus Robinson LeSean McCoy Tyrann Mathieu Jordan Lucas Travis Kelce Darrel Williams Andrew Wylie Joey Bosa Keenan Allen Charvarius Ward Joey Ivie Frank Clark Mike Williams Rashad Fenton Daniel Sorensen
Kansas City Chiefs Los Angeles Chargers
Kansas City Chiefs at Los Angeles Chargers 11/18/2019
Fans cheer before an NFL football game between the Los Angeles Chargers and the Kansas City Chiefs, Monday, Nov. 18, 2019, in Mexico City. (AP Photo/Rebecca Blackwell)
Mexican flags adorn a fan's hat before an NFL football game between the Los Angeles Chargers and the Kansas City Chiefs Monday, Nov. 18, 2019, in Mexico City. (AP Photo/Rebecca Blackwell)
Players for the Los Angeles Chargers and the Kansas City Chiefs warm up before an NFL football game Monday, Nov. 18, 2019, in Mexico City. (AP Photo/Eduardo Verdugo)
The flags of Mexico and the United States cover the field before an NFL football game between the Los Angeles Chargers and the Kansas City Chiefs Monday, Nov. 18, 2019, in Mexico City. (AP Photo/Eduardo Verdugo)
Los Angeles Chargers running back Austin Ekeler reacts during the first half of an NFL football game against the Kansas City Chiefs Monday, Nov. 18, 2019, in Mexico City. (AP Photo/Marcio Jose Sanchez)
Los Angeles Chargers quarterback Philip Rivers throws a pass during the first half of an NFL football game against the Kansas City Chiefs Monday, Nov. 18, 2019, in Mexico City. (AP Photo/Marcio Jose Sanchez)
Los Angeles Chargers running back Melvin Gordon runs upfield during the first half of an NFL football game against the Kansas City Chiefs, Monday, Nov. 18, 2019, in Mexico City. (AP Photo/Marcio Jose Sanchez)
Kansas City Chiefs quarterback Patrick Mahomes throws a pass during the first half of an NFL football game against the Los Angeles Chargers, Monday, Nov. 18, 2019, in Mexico City. (AP Photo/Marcio Jose Sanchez)
Los Angeles Chargers strong safety Rayshawn Jenkins (23) intercepts a pass intended for Kansas City Chiefs wide receiver Demarcus Robinson (11) during the first half of an NFL football game Monday, Nov. 18, 2019, in Mexico City. (AP Photo/Eduardo Verdugo)
Los Angeles Chargers strong safety Rayshawn Jenkins, center, celebrates his interception with teammates during the first half of an NFL football game against the Kansas City Chiefs, Monday, Nov. 18, 2019, in Mexico City. (AP Photo/Eduardo Verdugo)
Los Angeles Chargers strong safety Rayshawn Jenkins celebrates his interception during the first half of an NFL football game against the Kansas City Chiefs, Monday, Nov. 18, 2019, in Mexico City. (AP Photo/Eduardo Verdugo)
Kansas City Chiefs running back LeSean McCoy, center, scores a touchdown during the first half of an NFL football game against the Los Angeles Chargers, Monday, Nov. 18, 2019, in Mexico City. (AP Photo/Marcio Jose Sanchez)
Kansas City Chiefs strong safety Tyrann Mathieu, right, runs after an interception during the first half of an NFL football game against the Los Angeles Chargers, Monday, Nov. 18, 2019, in Mexico City. (AP Photo/Rebecca Blackwell)
Los Angeles Chargers running back Austin Ekeler, left, gets past Kansas City Chiefs strong safety Jordan Lucas, right, during the first half of an NFL football game Monday, Nov. 18, 2019, in Mexico City. (AP Photo/Eduardo Verdugo)
Kansas City Chiefs quarterback Patrick Mahomes (15) gestures before starting a play during the first half of an NFL football game against the Los Angeles Chargers, Monday, Nov. 18, 2019, in Mexico City. (AP Photo/Marcio Jose Sanchez)
Los Angeles Chargers running back Melvin Gordon, above, leaps over Kansas City Chiefs strong safety Tyrann Mathieu during the first half of an NFL football game Monday, Nov. 18, 2019, in Mexico City. (AP Photo/Marcio Jose Sanchez)
Los Angeles Chargers running back Melvin Gordon leaps over Kansas City Chiefs strong safety Tyrann Mathieu during the first half of an NFL football game Monday, Nov. 18, 2019, in Mexico City. (AP Photo/Eduardo Verdugo)
Kansas City Chiefs tight end Travis Kelce hauls in a pass against his helmet during the first half of an NFL football game against the Los Angeles Chargers Monday, Nov. 18, 2019, in Mexico City. (AP Photo/Rebecca Blackwell)
Kansas City Chiefs running back Darrel Williams, above, scores a touchdown during the second half of an NFL football game against the Los Angeles Chargers, Monday, Nov. 18, 2019, in Mexico City. (AP Photo/Marcio Jose Sanchez)
Kansas City Chiefs running back Darrel Williams scores a touchdown during the second half of an NFL football game against the Los Angeles Chargers, Monday, Nov. 18, 2019, in Mexico City. (AP Photo/Rebecca Blackwell)
Kansas City Chiefs running back Darrel Williams (31) celebrates with teammate offensive guard Andrew Wylie after scoring a touchdown during the second half of an NFL football game against the Los Angeles Chargers, Monday, Nov. 18, 2019, in Mexico City. (AP Photo/Rebecca Blackwell)
Kansas City Chiefs quarterback Patrick Mahomes throws a pass under pressure from Los Angeles Chargers defensive end Joey Bosa during the second half of an NFL football game Monday, Nov. 18, 2019, in Mexico City. (AP Photo/Marcio Jose Sanchez)
Fans cheer before an NFL football game between the Los Angeles Chargers and the Kansas City Chiefs Monday, Nov. 18, 2019, in Mexico City. (AP Photo/Rebecca Blackwell)
Kansas City Chiefs tight end Travis Kelce indicates a first down during the second half of an NFL football game against the Los Angeles Chargers, Monday, Nov. 18, 2019, in Mexico City. (AP Photo/Marcio Jose Sanchez)
Los Angeles Chargers wide receiver Keenan Allen (13) reacts with teammates after scoring a touchdown during the second half of an NFL football game against the Kansas City Chiefs, Monday, Nov. 18, 2019, in Mexico City. (AP Photo/Marcio Jose Sanchez)
Los Angeles Chargers wide receiver Keenan Allen, left, scores a touchdown during the second half of an NFL football game against the Kansas City Chiefs, Monday, Nov. 18, 2019, in Mexico City. (AP Photo/Eduardo Verdugo)
Los Angeles Chargers wide receiver Keenan Allen, left, can't make the catch as Kansas City Chiefs cornerback Charvarius Ward, right, defends, during the second half of an NFL football game Monday, Nov. 18, 2019, in Mexico City. (AP Photo/Marcio Jose Sanchez)
Kansas City Chiefs tight end Travis Kelce, right, celebrates with teammate wide receiver Demarcus Robinson after scoring a touchdown during the second half of an NFL football game against the Los Angeles Chargers, Monday, Nov. 18, 2019, in Mexico City. (AP Photo/Rebecca Blackwell)
Los Angeles Chargers quarterback Philip Rivers, center, is sacked by Kansas City Chiefs defensive end Frank Clark (55) and defensive tackle Joey Ivie (93) during the second half of an NFL football game Monday, Nov. 18, 2019, in Mexico City. (AP Photo/Rebecca Blackwell)
Los Angeles Chargers wide receiver Mike Williams, center, makes a catch as Kansas City Chiefs cornerback Charvarius Ward, left, and defensive back Rashad Fenton, right, defend, during the second half of an NFL football game Monday, Nov. 18, 2019, in Mexico City. (AP Photo/Eduardo Verdugo)
Los Angeles Chargers quarterback Philip Rivers walks off the field during the second half of an NFL football game against the Kansas City Chiefs, Monday, Nov. 18, 2019, in Mexico City. (AP Photo/Eduardo Verdugo)
Kansas City Chiefs defensive back Daniel Sorensen, right, intercepts a pass intended for Los Angeles Chargers running back Austin Ekeler, left, during the second half of an NFL football game Monday, Nov. 18, 2019, in Mexico City. (AP Photo/Marcio Jose Sanchez)
FILE - In this Nov. 18, 2019, file photo, Los Angeles Chargers wide receiver Mike Williams, center, makes a catch as Kansas City Chiefs cornerback Charvarius Ward, left, and defensive back Rashad Fenton, right, defend, during the second half of an NFL football game, in Mexico City. Williams has five straight games with a reception over 40 yards and has made some dynamic catches for the Los Angeles Chargers. The only thing the third-year receiver hasn't done this season is find the end zone. (AP Photo/Eduardo Verdugo, File)
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Home News Vatican News In Utah, Catholics, Mormons Have Long Had ‘positive, Cordial Relationship’
In Utah, Catholics, Mormons Have Long Had ‘positive, Cordial Relationship’
Pope Francis meets March 9, 2019, at the Vatican with Russell M. Nelson, president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. The meeting drew great interest from members of both faiths, say religious leaders. (CNS photo/Vatican Media) See POPE-LATTER-DAY-REACTION March 19, 2019.
By Linda Petersen
SALT LAKE CITY (CNS) — The March 3 meeting at the Vatican between Pope Francis and Russell M. Nelson, president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, drew great interest from members of both faiths and was covered extensively in the media in Utah.
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, widely known as the Mormon Church, has its headquarters in Utah.
This historic meeting, the first between the leaders of the two churches, came about while Nelson and other leaders of his faith were in Rome to dedicate a church temple, the first in Italy. Church temples are where the sacred ordinances, or sacred rites and ceremonies, of the faith are conducted.
The temple was built as a response to divine revelation, to give the church’s nearly 27,000 members in Italy access to those ordinances and because Rome has historically been “the heart and center of the Christian world,” said John Taylor, director of interfaith relations for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
Vatican leaders, in particular Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, who was president of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue until his death last year, have been very supportive of his church’s efforts to build the temple in Rome, Taylor told the Intermountain Catholic, newspaper of the Diocese of Salt Lake City.
While historically the two churches have interacted positively, some see the meeting as the beginning of a new chapter in their relationship.
“This says to me that Mormons and Catholics are getting to know each other as Christians,” said Mathew Schmalz, a College of the Holy Cross associate professor of religious studies. “Beyond political action, they are getting to know each other as people of faith. I think it could provide the opportunity for more substantial dialogue in religious issues that moves beyond mutual stereotypes.”
Schmalz has written and spoken extensively about Mormon-Catholic dialogue and is the only Catholic on the editorial board of Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought, an independent quarterly journal.
Utah became home to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in 1847 as its members settled in the state in hopes of finding a place where they could practice their faith without persecution. (The tenets of the religion were unpopular in the Eastern states where the church first organized.)
While the first Mass was celebrated in Utah in 1776 by members of the Dominguez-Escalante party, who were seeking an overland route from present-day New Mexico to California, the Catholic Church formally came to Utah with the creation of the Apostolic Vicariate of Utah in 1886; the statewide Diocese of Salt Lake City was established in 1891.
In time, both churches grew and flourished side by side on this desert frontier, but while each church professes a deep belief in the person of Jesus Christ as the savior of mankind, distinctly different doctrines and practices have historically kept the faithful separate.
Nevertheless, over the years, the leadership of the two churches met often, but it was always behind closed doors, according to Msgr. Colin M. Bircumshaw, vicar general of the diocese.
“The differences were in the pews,” he said. “We’ve had a positive and cordial relationship for many years. We have mutually recognized theological differences, but we don’t let them deter us from working together and respecting one another. We’ve especially worked closely together in common areas of social justice and charitable projects.”
Locally, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints has proven to be a strong partner with Catholic Community Services of Utah, the local arm of Catholic Charities USA.
“Not only do they support us with in-kind and monetary donations, but also with volunteers,” said Bradford R. Drake, executive director of Catholic Community Services.
“Their manpower is invaluable as each of our programs rely on thousands of volunteers each year to meet the needs of those we serve,” he said, adding, “we consider ourselves very fortunate to work with the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, whose focus is very similar to ours in following Christ’s example of serving those most in need.”
On a national level, since the 1980s, LDS Charities, the church’s humanitarian arm, has had on ongoing relationship with Catholic Relief Services.
It began when Bishop William R. Weigand, the seventh bishop of Salt Lake City (1980 to early 1994), facilitated a partnership between LDS Charities and CRS to provide aid to Poland during the early days of Solidarity, the people’s labor movement in that country. Since that time, CRS and LDS Charities have partnered in hundreds of humanitarian and development projects across the world.
“From 2014 to 2018, LDS Charities supported more than 50 CRS projects, which reached more than 1.7 million people,” said Sean Callahan, president and CEO of CRS. “Currently, LDS Charities is supporting 24 active CRS projects, which touch all major regions of Africa, the Middle East, East and South Asia, and Central and South America.
“This is more than a relationship between two charities, it’s a relationship between faith communities dedicated to reaching out to our sisters and brothers globally,” he told the Intermountain Catholic.
While the leadership of both churches has been actively engaged together in humanitarian efforts for many years, for much of their shared history in Utah the ordinary members of the churches rarely interacted except in the workforce. In recent years that has changed.
For example, parishes and wards throughout the state often assist each other on food drives and other charitable efforts. Also, as attacks on organized religion and traditional values have mounted, common core values have led to greater interaction and dialogue between local faith congregations, including the two churches.
Leaders of the two churches have continued to meet often to address areas of mutual concern. One issue that Taylor said comes up at just about every meeting in recent years is how to engage young people who are drifting away from their parents’ faith.
Taylor said they are learning together that while these young people often describe themselves as religiously unaffiliated or “none” on surveys, they are very concerned about causes.
The charitable work of both churches is the perfect vehicle to draw those young people back into their faith communities, Taylor said. “It is amazing to me to see that when we organize an activity or event along those lines there is an incredibly strong response that comes from that segment.”
As both churches address this and other concerns, “I have no question that the commonalities between the two faiths can overcome the differences that separate us,” he said.
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HomeRebel NewsWeapons Of God Announce Release of Self-Titled Debut
Weapons Of God Announce Release of Self-Titled Debut
Middletown, Ohio-based Christian metal band Weapons Of God announce the release of their self-titled debut album, via Roxx Records. “We are pleased, says Roxx Records, “to add their metal stylings to roster. Check out the first single aptly titled ‘Weapons of God’:
Weapons of God is a four piece outfit that plays what they describe as ‘Positive Metal’ as they deliver the Word of God to the masses. The band was formed in 2014 and completed their first demo in 2015. Each band member brings in a diverse musical background with combined experience of over 25 years. To describe their musical stylings we would say it is evident when you like at their influences to see just where they draw from, with bands like: Kiss, Stryper, Iron Maiden, Black Sabbath, and Evergrey.
The band debuted publicly on October 10, 2016 in Lebanon, OH at the Cornerstone Church of God where they played the opening slot for another Roxx Records recording artist, BioGenesis. Since then, the band was focused on writing and recording their debut full length album, and after nearly two years of writing and recording, the finished product is upon us. The debut, self-titled album was also produced by Luke Nealeigh of BioGenesis.
The debut, 10-track album will be released on July 26, 2019, just in time for the band to share with the world when they open up for Decyfer Down on July 27th at the Chains Unchained Festival in Aurora, Missouri.
Weapons Of God Track Listing:
1. Are You Ready?
2. Call Your Name
3. Glory And The Power
5. Heaven Can’t Wait
6. Simple solution
7. Saving Grace
8. Anger
9. Weapons Of God
10. Fade Away
chains unchained festival
decyfer down
heavy metal band
I live for metal
I love metal
metal band
metal fan
metal radio
metal tunes
Rebel Radio Chicago
Roxx Records
Weapons of God
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Three Supreme Court 'Failures' and a Story of Supreme Court Success
Vanderbilt Law Review, Vol. 69, 2016
56 Pages Posted: 11 Apr 2016 Last revised: 27 May 2016
See all articles by Corinna Lain
Corinna Lain
University of Richmond - School of Law
Date Written: April 6, 2016
Plessy v. Ferguson. Buck v. Bell. Korematsu v. United States. Together, these three decisions legitimated ‘separate but equal,’ sanctioned the forced sterilization of thousands, and ratified the removal of Japanese Americans from their homes during World War II. By Erwin Chemerinsky’s measure in The Case Against the Supreme Court, all three are Supreme Court failures — cases in which the Court should have protected vulnerable minorities, but failed to do so. Considered in historical context, however, a dramatically different impression of these cases, and the Supreme Court that decided them, emerges. In two of the cases — Plessy and Buck — the Court’s ruling reflected the progressive view at the time, and in the third — Korematsu — the extralegal context of the case was strong enough to draw the support of Justices Black and Douglas, two of the Court’s most staunch civil liberties defenders. Plessy, Buck, and Korematsu are potent reminders of how historical context can constrain the Supreme Court’s proclivity to protect, limiting what the Court can realistically do. But this is not to say that an overinflated view of the Court’s protective capacity is all bad. However historically inaccurate, the Supreme Court’s image as a countermajoritarian hero also has a curious upside, setting in motion forces that can, over time, enable and inspire the Court’s protection. In the end, our expectations of the Supreme Court as a countermajoritarian savior both give rise to a rhetoric of failure and pave the way for future protection. What is vastly underappreciated is the connection between the two — how within the rhetoric of failure lies a larger, and largely untold, story of Supreme Court success.
Keywords: Supreme Court Decision Making, Role of Judicial Review
Lain, Corinna, Three Supreme Court 'Failures' and a Story of Supreme Court Success (April 6, 2016). Vanderbilt Law Review, Vol. 69, 2016. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2760022
Corinna Lain (Contact Author)
University of Richmond - School of Law ( email )
28 Westhampton Way
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Property, Place, and Public Discourse
Washington University Journal of Law and Policy, Vol. 21, 2006
33 Pages Posted: 4 Nov 2005 Last revised: 21 Aug 2009
See all articles by Timothy Zick
Timothy Zick
A Madisonian First Amendment contemplates opportunities for speakers and listeners to engage one another on issues of public concern. The First Amendment, which protects rights to assemble and petition as well as to speak, contemplates that some such exchanges will occur in public places. Speakers have always sought out audiences - willing, undecided, and sometimes unwilling - in public places. But the architectures of public spaces are socio-fugal; they do not generally bring people together and so provide few opportunities for public discourse. The First Amendment doctrines of place, namely "public forum" and "time, place, and manner," are also socio-fugal. Facilitation of public discourse, speech that actually occurs in public places, is not their concern. As a result of this combination of spatial circumstances and doctrines, today we have very limited opportunities for public discourse.
This paper is part of a symposium on the Rehnquist Court and free speech. The Rehnquist Court placed an indelible mark on public space. The principal critique advanced in this paper is that the Court made public discourse decidedly more difficult than it previously had been. Like prior Courts, the Rehnquist Court granted broad authority to officials to manage public places as if they were nothing more than mere parcels of property. But more than this, the Court diminished the expressive "easement" in places like streets and sidewalks; encouraged the tactical use of place and expressive zoning; refused to recognize new "quintessential" public forums; and recognized a right to privacy in public places. Listeners, who are already capable of filtering out most speech they do not wish to hear in private, are now shielded from dissenting views and other speech in most public places as well.
Public discourse, which has a long and venerable history in this country, cannot be sustained under these circumstances. If it is to preserved, there must be substantial changes, both to our fundamental conception of place and to the constitutional doctrines of place. Applying insights and approaches from two previous works on speech and spatiality, this paper proposes that place be refashioned in a manner that recognizes its importance to public discourse. This means that place must be separated conceptually from property principles and from the abstraction of the "public forum." The paper describes an independent conception of place, one drawn from studies of place in disciplines like anthropology and human geography. It explains why place as conceptualized should be preferred to conceptions of property and forum, and what a spatial analysis based upon this new conception of place might look like. Finally, after establishing place as a distinct concept, the paper argues in favor of not only conceptually but also mechanically separating place from things like time and manner, and for subjecting most spatial restrictions to true heightened scrutiny.
JEL Classification: K1, K19
Zick, Timothy, Property, Place, and Public Discourse (2006). Washington University Journal of Law and Policy, Vol. 21, 2006. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=841428
Timothy Zick (Contact Author)
William & Mary Law School ( email )
South Henry Street
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»Uncategorized»Epiphany Sunday
Epiphany Sunday
Posted by Darrow on January 11, 2014 in Uncategorized
Our story today is about the Magi, those mysterious wise men from the East, who ventured far from home, to follow a sign in the sky, a star they believed would lead them to a child born to be the king of the Jews. This story has inspired pilgrims, and other people of faith, for thousands of years.
Over the millennia, many details have been added to the original story in Matthew’s Gospel. We don’t actually know how many made the journey. The idea of three comes from the number of gifts. Our tradition says three, and calls them Caspar, Melchior, and Balthazar, but those names were added to the story sometime around the 6th century. In some traditions they talk about there being as many as 12 travelers.
There is no further mention in the Bible of the Magi after they leave Mary and Joseph and the baby, and having been warned in a dream, head home a different way to avoid King Herod. Traditions built up over time to continue their story. Some believe the Magi continued to travel for many years, and they met up with the Apostle Thomas while he was on his way to India, after the first Easter. That legend goes on to says that Thomas baptized them, and they later became bishops.
Another tradition says Helena, mother of the Emperor Constantine found their buried remains, had them exhumed, and brought to Constantinople. Later the bones were moved again, to the Shrine of the Three Kings at the Cologne Cathedral. According to tradition the remains of each Magi were carried on a different boat, which is reflected in the old carol “I saw three ships come sailing in”.
Epiphany, the name for the day when we tell the story of the Magi, is not a Bible word. It has its roots in the Ancient Greek words epi which means upon, and phaino, which means shine or appear. It was used to describe the sun’s appearance at the dawn of a new day, or revelation or manifestation of God to a worshipper, which is also called a theophany.
The celebration of Epiphany highlights the idea that God’s love as we learn of it through Jesus was not just for the Jews. The story of these holy ones of another religion bearing gifts for the newborn babe was interpreted to mean that Jesus’ message is God’s gift to all people. The image of the star appearing, and being noticed by non-Jewish people said that God’s light and love is shining for us all. In Jesus’ time, and in the centuries after, missionaries took up the work of passing on the message of God’s love, to anyone willing to hear it.
In the earliest Jesus movement, even before people began using the word Christian, followers met together in each other’s homes, or in public places like the courtyard of the synagogue. They did not have buildings, or hymn books, or paid staff. They were just people coming together to pray, to sing, to break bread, and to remember the stories about Jesus. They shared their food and other belongings with people in need. They found hope and meaning in coming together, that gave them strength, and renewed purpose, and courage with which to live their lives.
Over many centuries, the movement of Jesus’ followers grew larger, and more organized. They built places of worship, and appointed shepherds, or pastors, who watched over the people who flocked together. They developed rules about who could speak in worship, and what they should say. There evolved a hierarchical power structure, with regional shepherds, or bishops watching over the local church pastors. But this all happens long after the time described in our gospel story this morning.
The Magi made their pilgrimage, following the star, leaving behind the comforts of home. They could not have known exactly what they would find at the end of the long journey. When they arrived at the place where the star led them, they entered the house, and seeing the child with Mary his mother, they knelt down and paid him homage. Then, opening their treasure chests, they offered him gifts of gold, frankincense, and myrrh. And having been warned in a dream not to return to Herod, they left for their own country by another road.
Such a long journey, and it all culminated in a short moment of paying homage and presenting gifts. And then they left.
Whatever they saw, whatever they knew in their minds, felt stirring in their hearts, and spirits, was enough for them, to validate the long journey. It was enough.
What was it that they saw, experienced, felt, knew, that made it enough? We know that they did not see what modern day pilgrims see when they go to Bethlehem today. Maybe that is for the best. The church that now stands on the traditional site of Jesus’ birth is in the midst of territory under Palestinian control, but surrounded by a wall built by Israel, and an armed force that controls passage in and out of the area.
The church itself, built over the grotto believed to be the original stable, is jointly cared for by three different Christian denominations. The members of these three groups have been known to end up in physical fights over whether or not is okay to move a chair or a ladder, or whether or not one groups hymns are too loud, and are making it difficult for another group to pray. Once a year the groups schedule a day in which they work together with community volunteers to clean the whole church. The Palestinian Police maintain a presence at the church that day, in case the tensions amongst the Christian groups escalate once more.
The pettiness of the fights amongst Christians at the Church of the Nativity is perhaps symbolic of the squabbles different faith groups get into, over who is right about what. These disagreements do little to help or inspire people who are looking for truth and meaning for their lives.
People can always seem to find things to disagree about, which is part of why there are now so many different denominations, all staking their claims on having truth to share about God.
But underneath all the differences, and all the stories, and traditions that have built up over the years, is there something pure and simple and vital, that somehow shines through?
What did the Magi see, when they visited the newborn? What was it that touched their souls?
Ever been in one of those dinner party conversations when someone asks, “If your home was burning down, but all the people had got out safely, and there was time to rescue only one or two possessions, what would you grab?”
Here is the question I want to leave you with this week, and I would love it if you thought and prayed about this, and brought the answer back next Sunday:
What is the essence of our faith? What is the most important thing we have to pass on to the world, and the people around us?
← “God with Skin On” 1st Sunday after Christmas
Love is so much bigger →
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February 24, 2019 Richard A Snow Leave a comment
Jordan Peterson, a Canadian Psychology professor, has become famous recently for his YouTube videos and his opposition to what he called enforced speech in Canadian Bill C18. This post is a reaction to a few aspects of Peterson’s pubic lectures and YouTube videos. It doesn’t claim to be a comprehensive assessment of everything he’s said.
First, the negatives. I don’t like Peterson’s tendency to link ethics with religion, as tho one needs to be religious to have ethics (although he avoids saying this directly). I also don’t like the overuse of mythology, ancient stories and psychoanalytic archetypes. If I were to edit his book “Twelve Rules” I think I could remove 1/2 of the text without losing any of the meaning. Nor do I like his rule about “get your own life in order before you try to change the world.” None of us has our own lives totally “in order.” That would prevent any political activism.
Some of his rules are things people should follow: “Tell the truth, or at least stop lying.” “Be precise in your speech.” “Do what is meaningful, not what is expedient.”
However, some of the dislike directed at Peterson is directed at him because he correctly describes some findings from psychology that contradict the majority thinking of the last 40 years.
Men and women score differently, on average, for many personality traits:
Openness (openness to new ideas and experiences, curiosity, being imaginative),
Conscientiousness (being prepared, organized, efficient, diligent),
Agreeableness (willingness to compromise, taking other people’s feelings into account, being diplomatic),
Extraversion (being energetic, outgoing, talkative, seeking company) and
Susceptibility to negative emotions (especially anxiety, anger, and depression, and mood variability).
Those are referred to as the “Big Five” personality traits.
Men and women also differ on average from each other on a scale of “interest in people vs interest in things.” Women score higher than men in all of these traits. Of course, most of these traits are distributed on a bell curve, so there’s a considerable overlap of two bell curves, one for men and one for women, but with a differing means (average values).
These personal characteristics are a bit like height. Height is a variable you can measure along a scale and put on a graph. Like many qualities it’s distributed like a bell shaped curve. The most common height is at the center, and as you move away from the average height, the number of people at that height starts to drop off, a little, then it drops off rapidly until you only have a small number of people who are very very tall or very very short.
Centre for Disease Control, 2018, Health Statistics No 122
To understand some of the things Peterson says, people need to understand that if you have two bell curves, one to the right of the other, it only takes a small difference at the center to make a very large discrepancy at the extremes in the ratio of people from the two groups who are very very x or very very not x. In the case of height (to take a non-ideological issue), the average female adult in North America is 65 inches tall. The average male is 70 inches. That’s only a difference of 8 percent. There are lots of women taller than some men. The two graphs have a large overlap. But if you move a further 5 inches out from the male average and ask “who is it that taller than 75 inches,” men outnumber women by a large margin. If you move 5 inches to the left of the female average, and ask, “Who is shorter than 60 inches,” it’s almost all women. There is a spectrum, but one spectrum is to the right of the other.
(Looking at the graphs, you find the number of men above 75 inches by looking at the area under the blue curve to the right of the yellow- orange line at 75 inches. The number of women above 75 inches is the area under the red line to the right of the orange line. For those shorter than 60 inches, you look at the areas under the curve to the left of 60 – the green line.)
This property applies whenever you have two bell curves, one to the right of the other. It doesn’t matter whether you are measuring height, weight, or how far two groups of kids (one older than the other) can throw a tennis ball. A small difference in the average in the middle produces very large discrepancies in the number of members of the two groups out at the extremes. In psychology tests where people are given chance to cheat in games, men cheat more than women. They also lie about it more than women. Men have, on average less concern for the effect of their actions on others (i.e. are less agreeable.) Who are the people who lie a very very lot, break lots and lots of rules, and really really don’t care about the effect of their action on others? Mostly men. They are the sociopaths (correctly referred to as having anti-social personality disorder). Male sociopaths outnumber women by about 4 to 1.
Men score higher than women on interest in things vs interest in people. Women score the opposite. But who are the people who are very very interested in things not people, or very very interested in people not things? That’s like asking who is very very tall (the right hand end of the axis) or very very short (the left hand end). Who gets the PhDs in psychology in the US? 75 percent women. Who gets the PhDs in engineering? Mostly men.
Women score higher then men, on average, for agreeableness. Yes, there’s an overlap Yes, there are some men who are more agreeable then some women. But this time the women’s bell curve is to right of the men’s. So who are the very very agreeable people? Mostly women. Who are the very very disagreeable – those who like to rock the boat, and will debate with others? Mostly the men. What effect does it have on wage negotiations when professional women are changing jobs? Or at annual salary reviews? You guessed it. But some people hate that Peterson says this in public. (Jordan has run classes for professional women on assertiveness training and how to negotiate about salaries. )
But most people have never done a unit of stats. Peterson talks about this, but most people won’t get it because they can’t visualize the graphs. All they hear is “he’s reinforcing stereotypes! He’s talking in binaries!” But some people don’t want to believe that differences between the sexes exist and occur in every society where tests have been done. I think Peterson does a terrible job of explaining this, especially in TV interviews where you can’t bring in a bunch of graphs and props, and the interviewer often has no statistical training.
Most of have believed that many differences between men and women were socially produced and would be reduced as societies became more gender equal. The interesting findings recently in psychology, first discovered in 2001 by Costa and McRae, is that the difference in average values between men and women for numerous personality variables become bigger, not smaller, in more gender equal societies. This is the reverse of what most of us (including me) have all expected for the last 40 years. In fact several studies using data banks of hundreds of thousands of people in at least 46 countries since have confirmed that what we expected is not true. The average difference between men and women on various psychological test gets bigger, not smaller in more gender-equal societies. This is not Jordan Peterson’s research, but I’ve read some of the papers, and he describes them correctly. (Link below.)
Immediately below are two scatterplots of five from the article by Mac Giolla et al, 2018, which is the latest study to confirm the 2001 findings. ).Each scatterplot has a set of light points (females) and dark points (males) with a line of best fit for both. The vertical axis (the first graph shows a score for agreeableness) is the average score for that personality trait in a country, and the horizontal axis is a measure of gender equality for that country. Each dot is the average score for males or females in that country. As you move from left to right, the lines of best fit for each gender separates, i.e. the average difference between men and women gets greater, not smaller. I can’t lift the graphs one at a time, but here is a screen shot of two. I recommend you look at them in the original article.
Source: Mac Giolla 2018
The only two personality characteristics where women and men get closer to each other in more gender equal societies are interest in casual sex, and belief that material assets in a prospective mate are unimportant. Women move towards the men’s average position in these two characteristics out of 26 that have been studied (see links below).
Some feminists (perhaps equality feminists as opposed to difference feminists – link below), aren’t going to like being told that a core belief about social conditioning that we’ve all held for the last 40 years is wrong. However I’ve not found any papers in psychology that contradict these findings.
Many people don’t like Peterson pointing out that in more gender equal societies, there are a smaller percentage of women doing STEM degrees than in less gender equal societies. (See below: the graph with a measurement of gender equality for different societies on the vertical axis and the proportion of women in stem degree on the x axis. Source in footnotes).
To the best of my knowledge, there is no dispute about the data. In less gender equal societies doing a STEM degree may be a leg up the income ladder for girls, but in more gender equal societies you don’t need to study something not in accordance with your real interests to be economically secure. (Some people reading this won’t like what I’ve just said, but take a look at the data. Link to an article which explains it more is below.) Essentially Peterson says that if you remove barriers to girls studying what they want (and he says you should) you shouldn’t then be surprised if still more women do psychology or biology and more men study engineering and the non-biological sciences. He says that this is not a problem that needs fixing, people are simply choosing what they are actually interested in. Some viewers don’t want to believe that there are any actually differences between the sexes.
A lot of the literature on gender difference from medical science and psychology needs some understanding of stats to read correctly. However, at my local university one can do sociology and gender studies without taking a single unit of stats. This shocked me when I was told this by a fourth years honors student in sociology, who told me that “bell curves are highly problematic, you know.” When I asked her who said this, she replied “Lots of people.” This is almost shoot-yourself-in the-head- level stupid. If this is typical of gender studies students in other universities (and look at Melbourne and Monash Uni’s website for gender studies shows no compulsory stats) then we have a problem. (I think, by the way this is also a problem with the Politics Philosophy and Economics degree at my local university. Two units of stats would be good, because if you work as an economist, you’ll be using a lot of stats generated by other people.)
Peterson also says that to say you are a Marxist should be as shameful as saying you are a Nazi, as Marxists governments have killed more people that Nazism last century. (The average estimates I’ve seen online seem to be about 100 million for Marxists governments, taking into account all the revolutions, purges, pogroms, gulags and artificially created famines. The average estimate for the Nazis is a total of 70 million for WW2.) Some people on the left might find this offensive.
Peterson often refers to “Radical feminists,” without specifying whether he means this term in the sense that it is used in feminist literature: radical feminists as opposed to liberal feminists or socialist feminists etc, or whether he means very lefty shouty feminists that he might encounter on campus (who sometimes disrupt his public talks. In a TV interview this might be natural, since the time (and the interest of the viewers) may not allow for spelling out these differences. However in his recorded lectures he could (and I think should) specify this so we could better understand who he is criticising. This is a serious omission for a guy who says “be precise in your speech.”
Peterson also claims that there’s no such thing as a real atheist. He seems to hold that people who say they are atheists really secretly have some concept of a god, or they couldn’t be moral. “Without God everything is permitted.” I think this is nonsense. people follow moral rules for two reasons: one is that societies need a certain set of rules in order for the society to function. Don’t steal, don’t murder, pay your debts, keep promises. Without rules like this you don’t have a society. The second source of ethics is empathy. I don’t want to live in a society where murder, rape or torture are common because I can imagine that these things cause great suffering, and they repulse me. Parents teach their children ethics by saying, “How would you like it if someone did that to you?”
I observe that most denunciations of Peterson are not very sophisticated. The critic merely says, “He’s a crock,” without tackling any particular statement of his. This tendency to “papal pronouncements” is unfortunate. One female friend has criticized Peterson because he criticizes feminism, but fails to offer any suggestions about how to make it better (given that most of would agree feminism has legitimate goals.) This seems a valid criticism.
Peterson spent about 20 years studying authoritarian personalities and political systems, especially Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union. He dislikes identity politics, because it leads to tribalism, and in his words, “tribalism never has a good outcome.”
I also think that we should treat people’s opinions as special only when they speak about things they have some specialist knowledge of. Actors and actresses are not experts on politics, and psychologist are not experts on climate change or economics. People can express any opinion they like, but we have no obligation to treat their opinions as having any special status.
Some of the dislike of Peterson is a (in my view) a legitimate reaction to the use of old mythology and symbolism that most people don’t appreciate. Some of the reaction against him is a reaction to the fact that he criticizes the radical left more than the radical right. This may be because his job as an academic has been made more difficult by the campus left where he teaches: we tend to attack those who attack us. Some is a reaction to the fact that he’s saying some things people just don’t want to hear, but which are based on research that has now been replicated several times. And some is based on the fact that a lot of people just don’t understand the stats.
Clearly, women face real discrimination in the workplace, sexual harassment and male violence. These things are real and should be fought against. I admire the women who have come out against Harvey Weinstein. But if all these things were fixed, and you still found that more women were doing psychology and more men were doing engineering, Peterson says don’t be surprised. It may just be people doing what they actually want.
Updated 14 January 2012.
A video of Jordan Peterson at the Oxford Union. This video is a good place to start if you don’t know much about Peterson: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_bRDbFU_lto
A link on women in STEM degrees, and one source of the graph above: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/02/does-gender-equality-result-in-fewer-female-stem-grads
The original 2001 study that differences in personality measures get wider in more gender equal societies: Costa, P Terracciano, A and McCrae, R 2001, ‘Gender Differences in Personality Traits Across Cultures: Robust and Surprising Findings’ Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 81 pp 322–331
A psychology journal article on the differences in psychology tests between men and women: Giolla Erik Mac and Kajonius Petri J. 2018 ‘Sex differences in personality are larger in gender equal countries: Replicating and extending a surprising finding’, International Journal of Psychology, 11 September 2018 https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12529
The most recent (2018) study on sex differences in more gender equal societies: Mac Giolla Erik and Kajonius Petri J. 2018 ‘Sex differences in personality are larger in gender equal countries: Replicating and extending a surprising finding’, International Journal of Psychology, 11 September 2018 https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12529
Personality differences between girls and boys emerge about age 12 and assume their adult values by age 17. De Bolle, Marleen, 2015, “The Emergence of Sex Differences in Personality Traits in Early Adolescence: A Cross-Sectional, Cross-Cultural Study” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology Vol. 108, No. 1, 171-185
A newspaper article which discusses the topic of gender differences being wider in more gender equal societies, without the maths: https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/patriarchy-paradox-how-equality-reinforces-stereotypes-96cx2bsrp
An article on the trend to women choosing not to study stem in more gender equal societies (without any complicated maths): Khazan, Olga, 2018, ‘The More Gender Equality, the Fewer Women in STEM’ The Atlantic, Feb 18, https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/02/the-more-gender-equality-the-fewer-women-in-stem/553592/
Women with Turner’s Syndrome (a missing second X chromosome, sometimes called 45 X0s,) tend to have higher extraversion and lower negative emotionality than normal 46XX women. Boman, Ulla 2006, Personality traits in women with Turner syndrome, Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, Vol. 47, pp. 219–223 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9450.2006.00510.x).
Females with Congenital Andrenal Hyperplasia (CAH: excessive sensitivity to male sex hormones in the womb) are considerably more interested than are females without CAH in male-typed toys, leisure activities, and occupations, from childhood through adulthood. Beltz, Adriene “Gendered occupational interests: Prenatal androgen effects on psychological orientation to Things versus People” (also reviewed in Blakemore et al., 2009; Cohen-Bendahan et al., 2005); adult females with CAH also engage more in male-typed occupations than do females without CAH (Frisén et al., 2009)
Identical twins tend to vote the same way (more so than non-identical same-sex twins) indicating a genetic influence on the attributes that underpin voting behaviour: https://www.theguardian.com/science/2015/apr/15/do-our-genes-tell-us-how-to-vote-study-of-twins-says-they-might The “big five personality traits” are heritable (i.e. can be inherited): Funk Carolyn L. 2012 “Genetic and Environmental Transmission of Political Orientations Political Psychology,” doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9221.2012.00915.x
Personality traits influence choice of fields of study. Vedel, Anna 2016, “Big Five personality group differences across academic majors: A systematic review” Personality and Individual Differences, Vol. 92 pp 1–10.
A link to a summary of mine of some articles from psychology on gender differences.
https://richardsnowwriter.com/…/do-differences-between…/
Wikipedia’s article on Difference feminism: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Difference_feminism
Wikipedia’s article on Equality Feminism: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equality_feminism
[1] I can’t give an overview of different strands of feminism in this short post. However, Wikipedia’s article on Equality Feminism claims that “Equality feminist theory is the extension of the equality of the male and female into theoretical and philosophical fields of thought. At its core, equality feminist theory advocates for the equal standing of both men and women in terms of desires, wants, goals, and achievement. Thus, from this viewpoint, the basis of human nature outside of culture is androgynous, neutral, and equal.” [Emphasis added] In its article on Difference Feminism, Wikipedia states that difference feminism “holds that there are differences between men and women but that no value judgement can be placed upon them and both genders have equal moral status as persons.”
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Sara Bynoe
Actor, Writer, Producer of Fun Times
Teen Angst Night March 27, 2020 at 7:00 pm – 10:00 pm Fox Cabaret
Teen Angst Night May 15, 2020 at 7:00 pm – 10:00 pm Fox Cabaret
Teen Angst Night Turns 19!
In November of 2000, in Calgary, Alberta, I got a group of people together to celebrate the launch of TeenAngstPoetry.com, a website I created with help from my brother. Several people got up on stage and read from their teenage notebooks. While the website was dedicated to poetry at the event people could share from a variety of teenage creations (journals, letters, songs, short stories etc.), so long as it followed these rules: 1. The work had to be your own. 2. It must have been written between the ages 10-19. & 3. You couldn’t be proud of what you shared.
Teen Angst immediately attracted lots of media attention from CBC Radio to the Globe and Mail. My brother said the website had made it when it was featured on MetaFilter (an early Reddit type site) and they had over a million hits and crashed their home server.
Over the years the show has evolved in format, was turned into an anthology (Teen Angst: A Celebration of Really Bad Poetry, (St. Martin’s Press 2005), a stage show for the High Performance Rodeo 2006, turned into a solo show featured at Bumbershoot 2008, appeared in festivals like Latitude (UK), Vancouver Comedy Festival, Vancouver Poetry Festival and likely inspired a few knock-off shows. The website died years ago but can still be found at the Internet Archive.
This Fall marks the 19th season of Teen Angst Night. It’s not a show anyone ever expected to last this long but as it keeps selling out the Fox Cabaret it shows no signs of slowing down. The root of the show’s success is how the experience of teenage angst is universal.
Tickets are now on sale for the first show of the 19th season of Teen Angst Night!
Fox Cabaret, 2321 Main Street, Vancouver, BC
Show: 8:00-10:00 PM
Tickets – $15 on the day, $12 in advance on Eventbrite
Reader sign up form
Special guest host for October 4 – EMMA COOPER!!!!
Since 2016 10-20% of ticket sales gets donated to CLICK – Contributing to the Lives of Inner City Kids. CLICK’s mission is to engage the community by raising funds for programs that support inner city kids so they can succeed.
PRAISE FOR TEEN ANGST NIGHT
“But is it real comedy? It most certainly is. People love to laugh and there are many routes to arrive at that destination. Is it traditional? It most certainly is not. It’s not what the average person envisions when they think of comedy. But regular shows would kill for these kinds of laughs.” Georgia Straight
“Teen Angst Night is a good time” CFOX Radio
“I like it when the definition of “theatre” gets stretched. That’s what Sara Bynoe’s doing.” … “I gut laughed the whole evening. So did the rest of the audience. It was a full house. It always is. – TJ Dawe in the Charlebois Post
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Rory cycles from Land’s End to John O’Groats
This year we’re offering a range on sponsorships for riders doing amazing things for charity. Rory from Southport was awarded one of our £500 sponsorships for his charity – raising money for Cancer Research by cycling from Land’s End to John O’Groats.
See what Rory had to say about his ride:
“Since retiring, I joined Deliveroo as a great way to train and raise the funds for this ride. From 1-28 May, I cycled the length of the country from Land’s End to John O’Groats, covering 1200 miles.
“Joining me were two friends and a support vehicle. I chose to ride for Cancer Research, a charity very close to my heart, managing to raise £4,000 including the £500 from the Deliveroo sponsorship which was a great boost.
“Averaging 30-70 miles per day, I was unable to take any rest days as the accommodation was booked in a different place each night. This was definitely tough!
“My route took me from the south of the UK to the north. I’d originally thought Scotland would be the most challenging but it turned out it was Cornwall: so may hills!
“The weather held up throughout the ride with only were a couple of rainy days but I had my friends to support me and I kept my mind on the cause.
“I still work with Deliveroo but must confess I haven’t put on lycra since the ride! I intend to do a coast to coast ride with my son and will start my training in February.
“Good luck to everyone cycling in the sponsorships!”
Whether you’re running a marathon or a bake sale, if you’d like the chance to get your event sponsored, there’s still time! Apply here.
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What Exactly is an Entrepreneur And How Do You Become One Today?
by Braveen Kumar
My dad’s an entrepreneur.
In 1990, he opened his own auto shop.
He took a risk, went through the motions of uncertainty and stress, worked a second job to support his family and his business, grew his customer base, hired other mechanics, sold services (auto repair) as well as products (auto parts), and was ultimately accountable for his own success.
Ask him what he does for a living, however, and he won’t tell you he’s an entrepreneur. He’ll say he fixes cars.
Ask him about being his own boss and he’ll say, “When you have your own business, you’re not the boss. You’re an employee.”
But in my eyes he is most definitely an entrepreneur, at least according to the definition you get from a quick Google search:
An entrepreneur is a person who organizes and operates a business or businesses, taking on greater than normal financial risks in order to do so.
Like my dad, many small business owners don’t embrace their identity as “entrepreneurs”. On the other hand, you probably know someone who wears the title with pride.
Some people exclude those who own side businesses as “real entrepreneurs”. Others talk broadly about entrepreneurs as anyone who starts a new business in any capacity. And let’s not forget the “entrepreneurial tendencies” people can have without owning a business, that many companies today look for in the people they hire.
But is an independent freelancer an entrepreneur? What about a full-time Uber driver? Someone who runs a stall at a fish market? Where do we draw the line, if there is one to draw?
This wide range of interpretations, coupled with all the new ways for people to make money on their own terms, begs the question: What exactly is an “entrepreneur” today?
Shopify Academy Course: How to Get Started on Shopify
Looking for a guided tour of Shopify? Merchant Success Manager and entrepreneur, Samantha Renée, shares steps to customizing your shop, adding a product and making your first sale.
What is an “entrepreneur” today?
According to Census Bureau data, from 1978 to 2012 there’s been a more than 44% decrease in new firms being created as a share of total businesses in the United States—the home of the American Dream—a trend that has been interpreted as the decline of entrepreneurship.
Despite that, our overall interest in the "entrepreneur” is still alive and healthy around the world, according to Google Trends.
In fact, a Global Entrepreneurship Monitor report in 2015 revealed that 66% of adults surveyed worldwide see entrepreneurship as a good career choice—over half who are working-age feel they have the ability to start a business.
This is likely due to our evolving interpretation of what an entrepreneur is, one that’s born from new variations and forms of “entrepreneurship”, from the sidepreneur to the infopreneur—emphasizing, above all, the self-starter attitude toward creating value that in turn creates revenue.
So I talked to over 25 “entrepreneurs” from all walks of life—from solopreneurs to tech founders to store owners to creators—to get a range of perspectives on what exactly an entrepreneur is.
What does an entrepreneur do?
“An entrepreneur is someone who prefers a life of boundless uncertainty to that of predictability and chooses to bet on themselves before anyone else.”
— Drew Downs, Co-founder of Nuvango
“An entrepreneur is someone who has made a conscious decision to choose freedom. This freedom doesn't come easy because being an entrepreneur isn't easy, but it will change your life in every way. Many of us spend years of our lives building someone else's dream and following someone else's rules. As entrepreneurs, we get to choose to work on the things that light us up, that motivate us, and that make a big impact for those around us. As entrepreneurs, we get to spend time with our family when we choose to, go on vacation when we choose to and surround ourselves with the people we choose to.”
— John Lee Dumas, Host of Entrepreneur on Fire
“An entrepreneur takes on the risk and seeks to fill a need on her own terms. An entrepreneur doesn't just ‘organize’ a business in my mind, but fuels it, directs it, and creates it. I hesitated to call myself an entrepreneur for a long time because I thought you had to have a Harvard MBA. I was so wrong. Entrepreneurs are scrappy and disruptive, creative and unruly, strategic and unstoppable. Sometimes they make lousy students and difficult employees.”
—Terri Trespicio,Branding & Content Strategist, Writer, Professional Speaker
“An entrepreneur is someone that can sustainably serve an audience because they have a profitable business model.”
—Felix Thea, Owner of TrafficAndSales.com
Aside from the recurring themes of risk, value creation, and rebellion, the answers I got varied from person to person, from business to business.
The definition of entrepreneurship seems to have evolved, and it’s likely the result of two things:
Thanks to technology, the barriers to entry have never been lower to start as an entrepreneur.
There are more paths now to starting a business than ever before.
How technology has changed entrepreneurship
A survey of Inc.com readers in 2015 revealed that the biggest barriers percieved by would-be entrepreneurs are:
“I don’t think I can raise enough money.” (48%)
“I don’t have an idea.” (40%)
“I’m discouraged by the high failure rate of businesses.” (22%)
“I don’t have the right skills.” (21%)
“I worry about balancing business and family life.” (18%)
“I’m worried about taxes and regulations.” (17%)
“The competitive barriers are too high.” (13%)
“I don’t think I could hire people with the skills I need.” (7%)
But a lot of these are what I’d call legacy fears surrounding entrepreneurship—outdated misgivings that have yet to catch up with the technology and platforms that enable us to start things and put plans into motion in ways that weren’t possible before.
A timeline of technology enabling entrepreneurship
In the last 20 years, we’ve seen the emergence of new software, tools and platforms addressing the fears and pain points associated with starting and running a business. And that’s excluding all the other opportunities afforded by social networks and search engines.
[Expand]
How technology has enabled entrepreneurs:
Quickbooks made accounting more accessible for small businesses.
Alibaba made finding a supplier easier for products you could sell.
Shopify made it easier to start and run a business selling anything online without knowing how to code.
Dropbox enabled file sharing for better, more secure collaboration.
Kickstarter made crowdfunding your ideas a mainstream concept, reducing the financial barrier for execution.
Buffer streamlined the way you schedule social media content across multiple profiles.
Fiverr offered a marketplace for finding affordable talent and human resources.
Zapier made integrating technology possible without a developer in order to automate workflows.
Canva made it possible for anyone to design the visual assets they need without hiring help.
Kit built a “virtual employee” to take on some of the burden of running a business.
These companies—these entrepreneurs enabling entrepreneurship, of which I’ve only highlighted a handful—have created a world where a business no longer needs to be tied to a particular building, where many of them start and are run from home, on a laptop, in a coffee shop, through a mobile phone, with “employees” around the world.
How people become entrepreneurs today
Considering that “part-time entrepreneurship” is now more common than it once was, it’s no longer necessary for you to quit your job to start building something on the side.
Many Shopify store owners run their businesses part-time, during evenings or on the weekend, eventually going full-time if they choose to. Some have a physical location for their store and others operate entirely online.
Businesses can now exist in a variety of forms that just weren’t possible before. So naturally, people are starting them for a variety of reasons.
Build a business around selling products and proving value.
Many entrepreneurs identify an opportunity and then capitalize on it. If there’s demand, they become the one with the supply. Being passionate about the product helps but it’s by no means a prerequisite.
All you need is to be passionate about business, competition, and creating systems that create value, either as a side business or something that replaces your 9 to 5.
Example: Veestro
Build a business around information and empowerment.
The “infopreneur” is typically a teacher who sells information via courses, templates and other resources usually geared towards educating and empowering their audience.
Example: Copyblogger
Build an audience and then build a business around it.
Once, the only way for an artist to survive was to have their work sponsored by a wealthy patron.
Today, creators—writers, vloggers, musicians—build audiences around their talents and cleverly create businesses around them with merchandise, book sales etc. The “patron” is now their audience.
We don’t often look at them that way, but books are physical products and music downloads can be a digital product. If you’re selling these, you’re running a business.
Example: Wait But Why
Build a business around your craft.
The maker applies a specific craft they’ve honed in order to create physical products. Usually a hobby or a past time, they’ve learned how to unearth niche audiences with an interest in owning what they create—whether necklaces, hand-crafted furniture, or scented candles.
This often starts out as a hobby before you find your first customers and decide to become an entrepreneur.
Example: JM&Sons
Build a business around providing services.
This group includes agencies, consultants, freelancers and people with skills or expertise that others need. They might start off alone, only able to make money when they work, but they can develop into more if they want.
Example: Shopify Partners
Build a business around a better way of doing things.
There’s always room for improvement. There are always needs and pain points that have yet to be satisfied.
This is the story behind many tech company founders trying to realize their vision of a better way.
It can also be built around a product or service that you want that simply doesn't exist. Not yet anyway.
Example: Uber
Build a business around social responsibility.
Some entrepreneurs use business as a means of creating a sustainable living that improves the quality of lives through social enterprise. Outside of profit, the value they seek to create is for those in need.
Example: LSTN
These are only some of the intrinsic motivations that lead people down the path of entrepreneurship. It might even be some combination of reasons that inspires you to start a business.
The reasons might be unique to each person, but there are two qualities all entrepreneurs share.
Two things all entrepreneurs have in common
The word "entrepreneur" comes from the French word, entreprendre: to undertake. And despite how entrepreneurship has changed over the years, that part still seems very much intact.
However you or anyone else chooses to define what it means to be an entrepreneur, it almost goes without saying that an entrepreneur can’t become one if he or she has to wait for that validation.
Because there are at least two things every entrepreneur has in common for sure:
They have ambition.
They start.
Running your own business? Share your interpretation of what it means to be an entrepreneur in the comments below!
Start your 14-day free trial of Shopify—no credit card required!
Braveen Kumar
Braveen Kumar is part of the content team at Shopify where he develops resources to help aspiring entrepreneurs start and grow their own businesses.
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The Legal Guide to Ecommerce
by Mark Macdonald
Whether you're starting a brand new business or you're an established company, taking your business online is a fantastic and exciting growth opportunity.
However, with all of the advantages an online business brings, there are also some complex legal issues that go along with them. Different countries have different laws and knowing which ones apply to you is critical. In addition to the large variety of laws to take into account, you must remember that the law is fluid and subject to change. In order to reap the rewards that a successful online store can bring, it's important to stay informed and protect yourself and your business.
The Legal Guide to Ecommerce is a resource that outlines some common legal issues and considerations related to online businesses. Please note that these guides are for informational purposes only, and do not constitute legal advice. Please consult independent legal advice for information specific to your country and circumstance.
We've created guides for the following countries:
Here’s some of the important topics you'll learn about:
Privacy — Anti Spam
Privacy — Data Protection
Click here to read The Legal Guide to Ecommerce.
About the Author: Mark Macdonald is the Content Manager at Shopify. Get more from Mark on Twitter and Google+.
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Sheremetyevo 3
This time they mean it! Aeroflot will definitely build a third terminal at Sheremetyevo Airport, the airline’s management announced in November. Construction is scheduled to begin in 2005, and will be completed in 2007, the Moscow Times reported. Aeroflot first announced its intention to build the new terminal in 2000, and to have it completed by the end of 2003. But infighting between the airport, the airline and various government bodies and officials halted the project soon after a February 2001 groundbreaking ceremony.
The new terminal is crucial to Aeroflot’s development. With a capacity to service eight million passengers per year, it would significantly ease congestion at the two existing terminals, while making Moscow a more attractive hub for transit flights between Asia and Europe.
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“The institution of the jury, if confined to criminal causes, is always in danger, but when once it is introduced into civil proceedings it defies the aggressions of time and of man.”
— Alexis de Tocqueville
It has been estimated that the United States, with 5 percent of the global population, holds 90 percent of the world’s criminal trials and almost all of its civil jury trials. There is no doubt that the right to trial by jury is deeply ingrained in our sense of justice. Thomas Jefferson called trial by jury “the only anchor ever yet imagined by man, by which a government can be held to the principles of its constitution.” And William Rehnquist noted that “[t]he founders of our nation considered the right of trial by jury in civil cases an important bulwark against tyranny and corruption, a ‘safeguard too precious to be left to the whim of the sovereign.’” Nevertheless, over the last several decades the right to a jury trial in civil cases has been silently and slowly eroded.
In 1962, a jury resolved 5.5 percent of federal civil cases. By 1982 that number had fallen to 2.6 percent, and by 2002 it was 1.2 percent. The rate has been below 1 percent since 2005. A sampling by the Bureau of Justice Statistics of state courts in 45 of the 75 most populous U.S. counties shows that the total number of civil trials fell 52 percent between 1992 and 2005. Individual states show similar trends. In 1997 there were 3,369 civil jury trials in Texas state courts, yet in 2012 there were fewer than 1,200. Some counties in Oregon go years without having a single civil jury trial.
Theories as to the causes are varied. Some believe there has been an ongoing shift in ideology which promotes the view that jury trials are a wasteful failure of the system, and that alternative dispute resolution should be the new paradigm. They argue that this has been the result of broader judicial discretion in the disposition of civil cases through enforcement of arbitration agreements, heightened pleading requirements, and case law encouraging summary adjudication. According to the Federal Judicial Center, the percentage of cases disposed of by summary judgment doubled from 1975 to 2000, and the ratio of summary judgments to trials rose from .44 to 3.5 percent.
Others point to the fact that the decline has been mirrored by a corresponding rise in the complexity, length and cost of trials. Between 1962 and 2002, the percentage of civil trials lasting more than four days nearly doubled, from 15 percent to 29 percent. In California the problem is even more acute. We have the longest civil jury trials in the country, averaging 8.9 days, while the national average is 3.6 days. Combine this with the cold fact that due to budgetary constraints, California’s court system has lost over $1 billion in funding, forcing the closure of 51 courthouses and 205 courtrooms, resulting in what has been aptly described as “rationing justice.”
Despite the improving economy, the Legislature and governor do not appear to be ready to restore funding any time soon. As Chief Justice Tani Cantil-Sakauye recently remarked, it would take a $266 million increase just for the courts to “tread water” in 2014-2015.
Of course, some of the damage is self-inflicted. Lawyers are partly to blame for burdening the court system with excessively lengthy trials and protracting proceedings unnecessarily. We keep witnesses on the stand for entire days, present duplicative evidence and testimony, and engage in endless disputes regarding admissibility of evidence. And perhaps some of the blame should also be shared by judges who sometimes acquiesce in the squandering of scarce judicial resources.
Irrespective of the reasons behind the decline in jury trials, concerns have been raised as to its consequences. While some see this as a positive sign, suggesting that the legal system is working as it should, this view is shortsighted and misguided. As a number of renowned jurists, legal scholars and various organizations which have examined this phenomenon have concluded, the decline of the civil jury trial has had a number of subtle but serious adverse effects, which could cause permanent and irreparable long term damage to our justice system.
Fewer civil jury trials produce fewer appeals. With fewer civil cases reaching the courts of appeal, the natural development of current, relevant and useful common law will become stunted. As Nathan L. Hecht, chief justice of the Texas Supreme Court commented, “it’s a detriment if we lose the development of the common law through cases and appeals that have been the [basis of the] rule of law in this country since its founding.”
Moreover, with fewer civil jury trials, citizens are becoming less involved in government, and the public is becoming increasingly removed from the judicial process. In a chapter of his classic “Democracy in America,” titled “Causes Mitigating Tyranny in the United States,” Alexis de Tocqueville wrote that “[t]he jury, and more especially the jury in civil cases, serves to communicate the spirit of the judges to the minds of all the citizens; and this spirit, with the habits which attend it, is the soundest preparation for free institutions.” However, this singular opportunity for ordinary members of the public to participate in government is slowly vanishing.
There is also the possibility that if the civil jury trial continues to be gradually phased out it may suffer the same fate it has elsewhere. In the few countries where civil jury trials are still available, their use is increasingly limited in scope and severely restricted by law. In Canada, where courts have broad discretion to order a bench trial, jury trials in civil cases are rare, and it is generally accepted that cases involving complex disputes are more appropriately decided by a judge. In England, where jury trials used to predominate, they have been all but abolished, now accounting for less than 1 percent of all civil trials. There is only a qualified right to a jury trial, and only in cases involving libel, slander, fraud, malicious prosecution or false imprisonment.
If we allow the civil jury trial to wither and die here, we could be losing more than we know. As Judge Patrick Higginbotham of the 5th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals explained, “We need trials, and a steady stream of them, to ground our normative standards-to make them sufficiently clear that persons can abide by them in planning their affairs — and never face the courthouse — the ultimate settlement. Trials reduce disputes, and it is a profound mistake to view a trial as a failure of the system. A well conducted trial is its crowning achievement.”
In an effort to address the problem, several states have been experimenting with novel methods to reduce the time and expense of trying a case to a jury. California’s expedited jury trial program, which became effective in 2011, utilizes an eight-person jury with the goal of completing the trial in a single day. Each side is allocated three hours for presentation of their case. However, the program is voluntary and has not been widely embraced. Apprehension on the part of attorneys may stem from fear of change, or the perception that their evidence and their case will not get the attention they deserve. Regardless, we cannot keep doing business as usual and hope the problem will resolve itself.
States must move to faster, shorter civil jury trials, and encourage the adoption of expedited trial programs. These programs work, but they will not make a difference if attorneys and judges maintain the status quo. Bench and bar need to work together to find ways to increase participation. There also has to be a cooperative effort to streamline more complex trials. Courts have inherent supervisory powers over their proceedings, and should impose reasonable limits on trial time to avoid excessive and cumulative argument and evidence. But the courts cannot do it alone. We lawyers are part of the problem and we have to be part of the solution.
Mark P. Robinson, Jr. is the national president of the American Board of Trial Advocates, and the senior partner at Robinson Calcagnie Robinson Shapiro Davis Inc.
1 thought on “The Death of the Civil Jury Trial-Full Text”
Bill Wood November 11, 2014 at 3:26 pm
Veteran’s Day is a moment in time capable of inspiring all of us to take action in appreciation for the efforts and commitments of our veterans. We owe our veterans acknowledgement, appreciation and honor for the sacrifices they have made which cumulatively benefit us all today. This is a good day to remember all brave men and women who have sacrificed themselves and the sanctity of their family lives for the freedoms we enjoy. We owe a a full and complete effort to preserve those freedoms.
The right to trial by jury distinguishes us from most other societies. It makes us different. The many attacks that have been made on that right, and the importance it plays in defining who we are and how we are different,are well known. From the private courts of commercially mandated arbitration, to the extensions of tort reform, the honor, privilige and consistancy of civil juries deciding disputes between litigants has been the subject of a public flogging.
This is a day, in the midst of honoring and remembering those who have suffered and fought for our rights, for people of commitment to declare themselves to fight for the preservation of our jury system.
To do so we must be brave. We must not fear retribution, unpopularity or embarrasment, Bravery means we must do what we know is right, because it is right, and not because it will be applauded and appreciated by all.We must take a risk, knowing what we stand for is in the long term interest of those we care about and those who come after us.
Further, to do so, we must use our imagination. Imaginative people have long been criticized and subjected to occasional ridicule by those whose creative results could not be seen and appreciated by others. We should use our imagination to find ways to edcucate and encourage young people toward protecting and preserving the rights and privileges that come with settlement of disputes by juries. Lawyers should challenge their imaginations to find ways to make jury determinations less costly and more efficient. Imaginiations should be challenged to develop models of jury trial that are consistent with the infomation age.
These things can be done. They require bravery. They require imagination. They require great effort. The risk of being brave and imaginative is worth our effort to honor those who have sacrificed for us.
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Difference between revisions of "Alumni"
m (→Alumni)
* Presidents
Thomas Jefferson 1762, LL.D 1783, author of the Declaration of Independence, first Secretary of State, second Governor of Virginia, third President of the United States and founder of the University of Virginia
James Monroe 1776, fifth President of the United States, 12th Governor of Virginia, architect of the Monroe Doctrine
[[James Monroe]] 1776, fifth President of the United States, 12th Governor of Virginia, architect of the Monroe Doctrine
John Tyler 1807, tenth President of the United States and former Chancellor of the College
John Blair, Jr., 1754, Associate Justice, 1790-1795 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Blair Wikipedia entry]
John Marshall, 1780, Fourth Chief Justice of the United States, 1801-1835
[[John Marshall]], 1780, Fourth Chief Justice of the United States, 1801-1835
Bushrod Washington, Associate Justice, 1799-1829; one of the first members of Phi Beta Kappa
1 Lists of Alumni
2 Notable Alumni By the Numbers
Lists of Alumni
A Provisional List of Alumni, Grammar School Students, Members of the Faculty, and Members of the Board of Visitors of the College of William and Mary in Virginia, from 1693 to 1888
The Catalogue of the Alumni and Alumnae For the Years 1866-1932
Notable Alumni By the Numbers
Governors of Virginia: 21
Governors of other States: 15
US Representatives from Virginia: 85
US Senators from Virginia: 36
Speakers of the US House of Representatives: 3
US Secretary of State: 4
US Supreme Court Justices: 4 (including one Chief Justice)
draft edit here
Philip Pendleton Barbour, 1799, Associate Justice, 1836-1841; United States Speaker of the House of Representatives
John Blair, Jr., 1754, Associate Justice, 1790-1795 Wikipedia entry
Cabinet and Diplomats
George M. Bibb, U.S. Senator, Kentucky (1811-1814); 17th U.S. Secretary of the Treasury (1844-1845) John Breckinridge, sixth United States Attorney General John J. Crittenden 1806, 16th and 23rd United States Attorney General Robert M. Gates '65, L.H.D. 1998, former director of the Central Intelligence Agency (1991-1993); Deputy National Security Adviser (1989-1991); 22nd United States Secretary of Defense (2006-present) Susan Morrissey Livingstone '68, Undersecretary, United States Navy John Nelson 1811, 18th United States Attorney General Edmund Jennings Randolph, first United States Secretary of State (1794-1795); second United States Attorney General (1789-1794) Janet A. Sanderson '77, U.S. Ambassador to Algeria; recipient of U.S. State Department's Herbert A. Salzman Award William Short 1779, co-founder and president of Phi Beta Kappa (1778-1781); Charge d'Affaires of the Diplomatic Mission to France; First American Career Diplomat; Minister to Spain (1793-1795)
W. W. Bibb 1796, Governor of Alabama (1805-1808) William Bloxham 1855, Governor of Florida (1881-1885) Gerard Brandon 1809, Governor of Mississippi (1825-1826) William Henry Cabell 1793, Governor of Virginia (1817-1820) William C. C. Claiborne 1790, Governor of Mississippi Territory (1801-1805), Governor of Territory of Orleans (1803-1812), Governor of Louisiana (1812-1816) Edward Coles 1807, Governor of Illinois (1822-1826) Richard Coke 1848, Governor of Texas (1874-1876) John J. Crittenden 1807, Governor of Kentucky (1848-1850) John N. Dalton '53, Governor of Virginia (1978-1982) William Branch Giles 1781, Governor of Virginia (1827-1830) Mills E. Godwin Jr. '34, LL.D. 1966, Governor of Virginia (1966-1970 and 1974-1978) John Munford Gregory 1832, Governor of Virginia (1842-1843) Benjamin Harrison V 1745, Governor of Virginia (1782-1784), member of Continental Congress, signer of U.S. Declaration of Independence, father of ninth U.S. President William Henry Harrison David Holmes 1795, Governor of Mississippi (January 1826-July 1826) John Francis Mercer 1775, Governor of Maryland (1801-1803), Delegate to the Continental Congress (1787); United States Representative, Maryland (1791-1794) Andrew Jackson Montague 1874, Governor of Virginia (1802-1806) Wilson Cary Nicholas 1779, Governor of Virginia (1814-1816) John Page 1763, Governor of Virginia (1802-1805) Walter R. Peterson '46, Governor of New Hampshire (1969-1973) James Pleasants 1785, Governor of Virginia (1822-1825); U.S. Senator, Virginia (1819-1822) John Pope 1790, Governor of the Territory of Arkansas (1829-1835), U.S. House of Representatives, Kentucky (1837-1843) James Patton Preston 1773, Governor of Virginia (1816-1819) Beverly Randolph 1772, Governor of Virginia (1788-1791) Peyton Randolph 1739, Acting Governor of Virginia (1811-1812) Edmund Randolph 1770, Governor of Virginia (1786-1788) Thomas Mann Randolph Jr. 1783, Governor of Virginia (1819-1822); Colonel of the Twentieth Infantry (War of 1812); son-in-law to Thomas Jefferson (died at Monticello in 1828) Thomas B. Robertson 1795, Governor of Louisiana(1820-1824) Wyndham Robertson 1820, Acting Governor of Virginia (1836-1837) William Munford Tuck 1917, LL.D. 1948, Governor of Virginia (1946-1950) John Tyler, Jr. 1807, Governor of Virginia (1825-1827) John Tyler, Sr. 1765, Governor of Virginia (1808-1811)
Senators, Speakers, Congresspeople and Other Government
James Frederick Almand '71, J.D. '74, member of Virginia House of Delegates (1978-2003) Richard Clough Anderson 1805, U.S. House of Representatives, Kentucky (1817-1821) William Segar Archer 1810, U.S. House of Representatives, Virginia (1820-1835) Archibald Atkinson 1813, U.S. House of Representatives, Virginia (1843-49) Lynn Banks 1806, U.S. House of Representatives, Virginia (1838-1841) William Taylor Barry 1804, U.S. House of Representatives, Kentucky (1810-1811) John Strode Barbour 1809, U.S. House of Representatives, Virginia (1823-1833) Phillip Pendleton Barbour 1802, U.S. House of Representatives, Virginia (1814-1825, 1821-1823, 1827-1830) Burwell Bassett 1782, U.S. House of Representatives, Virginia (1805-1813, 1815-1819, 1821-1829) Viola O. Baskerville '73, current Secretary of Administration for Virginia, Former Member of Virginia House of Delegates Herb Bateman '49, U.S. House of Representatives, Virginia (1983-2000) Thomas Hart Benton 1800, U.S. House of Representatives, Missouri (1853-1855) Karen Beyer '91, Member, Pennsylvania State House of Representatives (2005-present) Richard Bland, Member of Continental Congress (1774-1775); served multiple terms in House of Burgesses; Colonial rights advocate who publicly opposed England's Stamp Act Schuyler Otis Bland 1892, U.S. House of Representatives, Virginia (1918-1950) Theoderic Bland 1754, U.S. House of Representatives, Virginia (1789-1790) Sarah Kemp Brady '64, pioneer in handgun control; wife of Jim Brady, press secretary to President Ronald Reagan Carter Braxton 1755, signer of U.S. Declaration of Independence; member of Continental Congress; leader in the American Revolution James Breckenridge 1785, U.S. House of Representatives, Virginia (1809-1817) Robert H. Brink J.D. '78, Member of Virginia House of Delegates (1998-present) Eric Cantor J.D.'88, U.S. House of Representatives, Virginia (2001-present) Robert Eugene Cook '50, U.S. House of Representatives, Ohio (1959-1963) Steven J. Chabot ' 75, U.S. House of Representatives, Ohio (1994-present) William C. C. Clairborne 1790, U.S. House of Representatives, Tennessee (1797-1801) James B. Comey ' 82, U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York, Deputy United States Attorney General (2002-2005); General Counsel of Lockheed Martin (2005-present), proscuting attorney in the Marth Stewart trial John Jordan Crittenden 1807, U.S. House of Representatives, Kentucky (1861-1863) Benjamin Williams Crowninshield 1805, U.S. House of Representatives, Massachusetts (1823-1831) Henry A. S. Dearborn 1803, U.S. House of Representatives, Massachusetts (1831-1833) Mark L. Earley '76, J.D. '82 , Former Attorney General, Virginia. Oilver Walter Frey 1915, U.S. House of Representatives, Pennsylvania (1933-1939) Joseph H. Hawkins 1807, U.S. House of Representatives, Kentucky (1814-1815) John Heath, U.S. House of Representatives, Virginia (1793-1797); founding member and first president of Phi Beta Kappa in 1776 Kristy Melker Hickman J.D. '94, State Attorney General, Maryland (2006-present) Benjamin Howard 1797, U.S. House of Representatives, Kentucky (1807-1810) John Winston Jones 1813, U.S. House of Representatives (1835-1845); Speaker of the United States House of Representatives (1843-1845) William Mallory Levy 1844, U.S. House of Representatives, Louisiana (1875-1877) Ryan McDougle J.D. '96, Member, Virginia House of Delegates, State Senate William McMillan 1775, U.S. House of Representatives, Territory Northwest of the Ohio River (1800-1801) Duane Milne '90, Member, Pennsylvania State House of Representatives (2006-present) William C. Mims '79 J.D. '96, Member, Virginia House of Delegates (1992-2005) Alan Mollohan '66, U.S. House of Representatives, West Virginia (1982-present) Jackson Morton 1815, U.S. Senator, Florida (1849-1855); Confederate Representative, Florida (1861-1862) John Nelson 1811, U.S. Attornery General, (1843-1845); U.S. House of Representatives, Maryland (1821-1823) Roger Nelson 1775, U.S. House of Representatives, Maryland (1804-1810) John Calhoun Nicholls 1855, U.S. House of Representatives, Georgia (1979-1881, 1883-1885) Thomas K. Norment, Jr. J.D. '73, Virginia State Senate Member Michael K. Powell ' 85, Chairman of the Federal Communications Commission (2001-2005); son of former Secretary of State Colin Powell; appointed Rector of College of William & Mary (2006) Peyton Randolph, first President of Continental Congress (1774-1775); Attorney General, Virginia Colony; buried beneath the chapel of the College Thomas Bolling Robertson 1795, U.S. House of Representatives, Louisiana (1812-1818) Samuel T. Sawyer 1819, U.S. House of Representatives, North Carolina (1837-1839) Charles Lewis Scott 1846, Member of the U.S. House of Representatives, California (1857-1861), Minister to Venezuela (1885-1889) Harriett Stanley '72, member of Massachusetts State House of Representatives (2006-present) Andrew Stevenson, Speaker of the United States House of Representatives (1827-1833) David Trimble 1799, U.S. House of Representatives, Kentucky (1817-1827) Malfourd W. Trumbo '77, J.D. '83, Former Member, Virginia House of Delegates Dina Titus ' 70, Minority Leader, Nevada State Senate; 2006 Democratic Gubernatorial candidate, Nevada
Capt. David M. Brown '78, astronaut, surgeon and naval pilot (died aboard the space shuttle Columbia on February 1, 2003) Maj. General James Michael Lyle '62, Former Commander of Reserve Officer Training Corps. Lt. General David McKiernan '72, commanding general, Third U.S. Army, Coalition Forces Land Component Command in the Middle East (CENTCOM) General Winfield Scott 1805, longest serving general in U.S. military history (1814-1861); commanded forces in War of 1812, Black Hawk War and Mexican-American War; general-in-chief of Union Army at start of the American Civil War; author of Anaconda Plan
Katherine Boo, journalist; recipent of MacArthur Foundation "Genius Award" (2002); recipient of Pulitzer Prize for Public Service (2000) for her Washington Post series Invisible Lives, Invisible Deaths Christopher Bram '74, writer, author of Father of Frankenstein which was adapted into Academy Award winning film Gods and Monsters James Branch Cabell 1898, regionalist author, favorite of Mark Twain. Henri Cole '78, poet; current poet-in-residence at William and Mary Glenn Close '74, actress in such films as Dangerous Liasions and Fatal Attraction, the television series The Shield and stage productions such as Sunset Boulevard Steven Culp '78, actor on such television shows as Desperate Housewives, The West Wing and JAG Michael D'Orso '75, journalist; nominated for Pulitzer Prize; author of Like Judgement Day: The Ruin and Redemption of a Town Called Rosewood Perry Ellis '61, fashion designer and founder of the firm Perry Ellis International Kate Fleming '87, award-winning audio book narrator John Gilstrap '79, author of thrillers Nathan's Run, Even Steven and At All Costs Ed Grimsley '51, author of First, Let's Kill all the Humorists Peter Frostic '01, Member of Old School Freight Train bluegrass band Scott Glenn '63, actor in such films as The Right Stuff, Hunt for Red October, The Silence of the Lambs Karen L. Hall '78, television writer of CBS's Judging Amy, M*A*S*H Sheri Holman '88, best-selling novelist; author of A Stolen Tongue, The Dress Lodger and The Mammoth Cheese Martin Jurow '32, late producer for both Broadway stage productions and film Dick Lamb '63, radio personality and station owner in Southeastern Virginia Linda Lavin '59, actress, Tony, Emmy and Golden Globe winner, starred on television sitcom Alice Bill Lawrence '90, television, creator/writer of Scrubs and Spin City William Ivey Long '69, LHD '04, costume designer, four time recipient of Tony Award Peter Neufeld '58, Broadway Producer Patton Oswalt '91, comedian; film and television actor on such series as The King of Queens Andrew Pang '88, actor, on such television shows as Law and Order: Criminal Intent Lewis Puller '67, lawyer; writer; winner of Pulitzer Prize for autobiography Fortunate Son in 1991 Jason Pollock '94, member of the band Seven Mary Three, formed at the College in 1992 H. Reid '47, author, photographer and historian Jason Ross '95, member of the band Seven Mary Three H. Mason Sizemore, Jr. '63, President and CEO, The Seattle Times Joan F. Showalter '55, former Senior Vice President with CBS Mark Stanley '78, director, New York City Ballet Jon Stewart '84, anchor and writer of Emmy-winning television program The Daily Show; host of 2006 Academy Awards television broadcast Audrea Topps-Harjo '88, founder of Obsidian Pictures, released Raw Intensity and Hard Candy John C. Wright J.D. '87, author of The Golden Age trilogy and other science fiction and fantasy novels; called "this fledgling century's most important new SF talent" by Publishers Weekly Law & Academia Hans Christian Ackerman '97, Rhodes Scholar Dr. Warren Wesley Buck III MS '70, Ph.D. '76, Former chancellor, University of Washington, Bothell Vincent T. DeVita, Jr., '69, LHD '04, physician and pioneer in oncology, CEO of Yale University's Comprehensive Cancer Institute David Ellenson '69, President of Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion Joseph Ellis '65, history professor, Mount Holyoke College; author of New York Times bestseller Founding Brothers: The Revolutionary Generation which received 2001 Pulitzer Prize Penelope W. Kyle, M.B.A. '87, President of Radford University Haldane Robert Mayer J.D. '71, Chief Judge of U.S. Court of Appeals, Federal Circuit, Washington, D.C. (1997-present) William Barton Rogers, natural scientist; former Professor of Natural Philosophy and Chemistry at the College (1828-1835); founder of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1861) Timothy J. Sullivan '66, Former President of the College of William and Mary (1992-2005), current President and CEO of the Mariner's Museum in Newport News, Va. Rebecca Beach Smith '71, U.S. District Court Judge, Virginia (Virginia's first female federal judge) George Edward Srour '05, Wm E. Simon Fellowship for Nobel Purpose Henry St. George Tucker 1798, J.D. 1801, law professor at College (1801-1804); judge, Virginia Supreme Court (1824-1831); known for authoring the honor pledge in 1842 which has since be used as a model at numerous universities Paul R. Verkuil '61, Dean, Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law at Yeshiva University, Former President of the College of William and Mary (1985-1992), appointed by U.S. Supreme Court - 'Special Master' for Ellis Island Dispute Mary Jo White '70, former U.S. Attorney for Southern District of New York (1993-2002), partner at Manhattan law fim Debevoise & Plimpton (2003-present) George Wythe, legal scholar; America's first Professor of Law, William and Mary (1769-1789); Member of Continental Congress (1775-1776); signer of U.S. Declaration of Independence (1776) Business A. Marshall Acuff, Jr. '62, former managing director of Solomon Smith Barney Jean Blackwell '76, serves Cummins, Inc. as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer J. Edward Coleman '73, CEO of Gateway, Inc. Beth Comstock '82, President of Integrated Media for NBC Universal Clyde E. Culp '65, Former CEO of Long John Silvers, Former CEO of Po Folks, Former President & CEO of Embassy Suites Hotel Division. David A. Eklund ' 82, chairman of reinsurance firm Aeolus Re; previous President of Renaissance Re Lewis Glucksman '45, the late Wall Street trader and former CEO of Lehman Brothers Jim Kaplan '57, owner of Cornell Dubilier Electronics, the world's oldest manufacturer of electronic capacitors; endowed the College's basketball gymnasium Kaplan Arena Raymond A. Mason ' 59, founder and CEO of investment firm Legg Mason, Inc.; namesake of William and Mary's Mason School of Business Mark McCormack '51, sports agency pioneer, founder of International Management Group, author of bestseller What They Don't Teach You at Harvard Business School Joseph J. Plumeri '66, Chairman and CEO of Willis (Insurance), namesake of William and Mary's baseball stadium, Plumeri Park Michael F. Rogers '81, president, Investors Bank & Trust Company Michael Sapnar '88, senior executive at reinsurance firm Transatlantic Reinsurance James Ukrop '60, Chairman of Ukrop's Super Markets, Chairman of First Market Bank Henry C. Wolf '64, J.D. 1966, Chief Financial Officer and Vice Chairman, Norfolk Southern Corporation; benefactor of Henry C. Wolf Law Library at the College Walter J. Zable '37, L.L.D. 1978, Chairman/CEO Cubic Corporation, benefactor of Zable Stadium at the College
Al Albert '69, M.Ed. 1971, graduate and professor/coach, one of all time winningest coaches in NCAA Soccer history Wade Barrett '98, Major League Soccer defender, Houston Dynamo Bill Bray '04, Relief pitcher, Cincinnati Reds Adin Brown '00, Norwegian Premier League soccer goalkeeper, Aalesund, two-time NCAA First Team All-American (1998 & 1999) Steve Christie '89, former National Football League placekicker, played in three Super Bowls for the Buffalo Bills Mike "Pinball" Clemons '86, former record-holding Canadian Football League player (1989-2000); current head coach Toronto Argonauts (2001-present) Lang Campbell '05, professional quarterback, 2004 Walter Payton Award winner John Cannon '82, former defensive end Tampa Bay Buccaneers (1982-1989) Lou Creekmur '50, eight-time Pro Bowl offensive tackle / guard from 1950-59 Detroit Lions, Pro Football Hall of Fame (1996) Mark Duffner '75, current Linebackers coach with the Jacksonville Jaguars Ivan Fears '76, New England Patriots running backs coach Kip Germain '78, former professional soccer player with Washington Diplomats, Atlanta Chiefs of North American Soccer League J. D. Gibbs '91, former NASCAR driver, President of Joe Gibbs Racing, owner #11 Fed Ex Chevrolet car Robert Green '92, former professional football player, Washington Redskins, Chicago Bears Brendan Harris '01, infielder, Cincinnati Reds Ron Harrison '98, former cornerback Jacksonville Jaguars Dan Henning '64, former head coach with the Atlanta Falcons (1983-1986) and San Diego Chargers (1989-91) Adam Hess '04, professional basketball player in Czech Republic's NBL Brian L. Hyde '96, Olympic Athlete, 1500M Steve Jolley '97, former Major League Soccer defender, Red Bull New York Mark Kelso '85, former free saftey with the Philadelphia Eagles, Buffalo Bills - played in four straight Super Bowls with the Bills, third on Bills' all-time interception list with 30 Mike Leach '00, tight end / long snapper, Denver Broncos Sean McDermott '98, current linebackers coach with the Philadelphia Eagles Bud Metheny '40, M.Ed. '53, former professional baseball player with the New York Yankees (1943-46), longtime baseball coach with Old Dominion University Rich Musinski '04, wide receiver, New England Patriots Rob Olson ' 82, former professional soccer player with Team America of North American Soccer League Christine Paradis '84, Former pro women's lacrosse player, Amherst College women's lacrosse head coach Billy Parker '04, safety, Carolina Panthers Curtis Pride '92, outfielder, Los Angeles Angels Vic Raschi '49, former pitcher, New York Yankees (1946-1953) St. Louis Cardinals (1954-1955) Kansas City Athletics (1956) Chris Ray '03, relief pitcher / closer, Baltimore Orioles Kevin Rogers '74, Minnesota Vikings quarterbacks coach Jim Ryan '79, former lineman (1979-1988) and current defensive assistant coach, Denver Broncos Darren Sharper '97, former safety, Green Bay Packers; current strong safety, Minnesota Vikings Rip Scherer '74, current Assistant Head Coach and Quarterbacks Coach Dominique Thompson '04, wide receiver, St. Louis Rams Mike Tomlin '95, current head coach of the Pittsburgh Steelers (2007-present), former defensive coordinator with the Minnesota Vikings (2006), former defensive backs coach, Tampa Bay Buccaneers (2001-2005) Jude Waddy '98, former linebacker Green Bay Packers, (1998-2002) Brant Weidner '83, Former professional basketball player, San Antonio Spurs Alan Williams '92, Defensive Backs coach with the Indianapolis Colts (2002-present) The above is from the Alumni Association.
Thomas A. Shannon, assistant secretary of state for western hemisphere affairs for the U.S. Department of State
William and Mary Alumni Association: Notable Alumni
Retrieved from "https://scdbwiki.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php?title=Alumni&oldid=3451"
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Home > Physics > Gravity
Have you ever tried to jump?
Probably, yes! And you know that when we jump from the ground, we just fall back after few seconds.
Why? And How?
These are the questions that, almost every human had thought in his childhood. So, the simple answer to all these questions is “gravity”.
So, let’s learn something about gravity and the interesting history about it.
What is Gravity?
Gravity is the force that attracts us and other objects towards each other; much like a magnet, but not as a magnet. Then, why things in your room are not attracted to each other? It is because gravity depends on the mass; Massive objects have more gravity.
Gravitational force is so weak that the object must be very massive to have sufficiently strong gravity to attract other objects. Consider our earth, it so massive that its gravity pulls us towards the ground. When we jump, earth’s gravity pulls us and we fall back on the ground.
Importance of Gravity
What would happen, if gravity suddenly disappears? Take some time and think about it.
You will be amazed to find out that, the current appearance of our earth, planets, and stars depends on the gravity. Without gravity, there will be no earth’s pull to attract you back to the ground when jumping. Even the planets and stars would not exist without gravity. Because planets and stars have been formed from the accumulation of cosmic dust and gas that was only possible due to gravity.
Here are some of the effects of gravity on our everyday life
We can stand, jump, walk, and run on the ground due to gravity. If the earth doesn’t pull you back while jumping, then you would never come back to the ground, and you may reach space in a single jump! Wow!
On the earth, gravity keeps the air around us as a blanket, and it prevents air from escaping into space.
Tides in the oceans are caused by the gravitational pull of moon and sun.
Universal Law of Gravitation
Don’t be afraid!
It is just a simple law that was proposed by a famous scientist Sir Isaac Newton. This law gives us the relation between the gravitational force, the mass of objects, and the distance between objects.
Here are two simple points that explain the law:
The gravitational force between massive objects is more as compared to light objects.
The gravitational force between two objects decreases exponentially as they go away from themselves.
Here is the mathematical expression of the universal law of gravitation:
F = G*M1*M2/r^2
G = Gravitational constant, whose value is equal to
M1 = mass of the first object
M2 = mass of the second object
r = distance between two objects
By knowing gravity, you can calculate when a ball will touch the ground after being released into the air. You can measure and graph the path of a projectile. You can calculate how much propellant is required to push a rocket into space, and many more.
Do Heavy and Light Objects Fall at the Same Time?
The simple answer is, yes. But let’s understand, why it happens.
Gravity at the surface of the earth is 9.8 m/s, which means an object falling towards earth gains 9.8 m/s speed in every second. If a ball is dropped from a building it will have 9.8 m/s speed at the end of the 1st second, 19.6 m/s at end of the 2nd second, and 29.4 at the end of the 3rd second and so on. Every object is accelerated at the same rate towards earth, whether it is a paper clip or a stone. If two objects are dropped from a height, they both will hit the ground at the same time.
But, wait a minute!
You may be thinking, why a paper falls slower than a paper clip when both are dropped from the same height? It is because of the air resistance. The paper clip has lower surface area than the paper, which results in higher air resistance for the paper. But, if you drop paper and paper clip into a vacuum chamber both will hit the bottom at the same time. It is because vacuum chamber does not have air, so there will be no air friction to slow any object.
Difference between Mass and Weight
In everyday life, you may have used the term mass and weight interchangeably. But in physics, mass and weight are two different quantities.
The mass of an object is the quantity of matter in it; usually measured in kilograms. But, weight is the force of an object that it is putting on a platform due to gravity.
For example, if you hold a brick in your hand you will feel a downward force. If you somehow take that brick to the moon, you will notice much less downward force. Because the moon has less gravitation than the earth. In both cases, the amount of the matter in the brick will be same on the earth and the moon.
Difference between Gravity and Gravitation
There is a difference between gravity and gravitation. Gravitation is the force of attraction between objects that have mass. But, gravity is the gravitational force between earth and other objects. It means that gravity is the special case of gravitation.
Gravitational force exists since the formation of our universe. It is one of the four fundamental forces of nature. It is the force that attracts atoms together to form stars and planets. It keeps the moon in orbit around the earth and the earth around the sun.
Gravity keeps all the planets in the orbit of the sun, and it keeps our moon in orbit of the earth.
If any object goes upward with a velocity of 11 km/s, it will escape the gravitational pull of the earth. This velocity is called the escape velocity, and it is different for different planets and moon.
The gravity of our sun is about 274 m/s^2. Anything weighing 1 kg on the earth will weigh about 28 kg (If it was possible!).
Let’s learn something about the history of gravity, and find out about the people who contributed to explaining the gravity.
Who first pointed to the presence of gravity? And when? It is still unknown. But you may consider that early human beings had probably thought about it. Because, it is the force whose effects we can clearly see, like falling back to the ground after jumping.
The first person who gave the hypothesis about gravity was, Aristotle. He hypothesized that “heavier objects are accelerated more towards ground than lighter objects”. He was actually wrong because he didn’t know about air resistance which slows down the objects. But, he at least provided the ground for the great scientists to think and research about gravity.
In late 16th century, a famous scientist Galileo Galilei performed an experiment. In this experiment, he dropped two balls from a height and proved that light objects and heavy objects fall at the same rate.
In 1687, Sir Isaac Newton developed the universal law of gravitation. Which explained that lighter objects have less gravitational force of attraction than massive objects. Also, the gravitational force decreases exponentially as the distance between two objects increase. This is also known as the inverse square law.
The modern understanding of gravity was described by Albert Einstein. He described the gravity as a curvature in space and time. This curvature is caused by the objects with mass; the massive objects cause more curvature than the lighter objects.
Abdul Wahab, "Gravity," in Science4Fun, January 22, 2020, https://science4fun.info/gravity/.
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Bills and Amendments: what, why and how
Sheghley Ogilvie
As colleagues across the sector will know, getting an amendment into the Bill is one of the strongest ways to make change, as the amendment becomes law. So how can the sector effectively engage with the Scottish Parliament’s Bill process to progress their policy proposals? Last month SCVO’s Policy Officers Network met with the Scottish Parliament Legislation Team to find out.
There are many types of Bill: Government Bills; Members Bills; Private Bills; and Committee Bills. As Government Bills make up 80-95% of the Bills progressing through the Scottish Parliament at any one time, in this session we focused upon Government Bills.
The points of influence
As colleagues across the sector will know, the Bills process consists of three stages. Ahead of these three stages clerks and the Scottish Parliament Information Centre (SPICe) produce a proposed programme for Stage 1 and colleagues are encouraged to engage in this design process. Each stage then offers an opportunity to influence the Bill. So, for those who aren’t familiar, what are the stages?
Stage 1: Begins with a Committee reportand ends with a parliamentary chamber debate. The view of Committee members of the Bill is likely to be influenced by evidence and briefings. To make the most of all of the opportunities to influence the content and detail of the Bill, detailed ideas should be put forward at this stage. If the Committee endorses the procedure and Parliament vote in favour of the Bill, the Bill immediately progresses to Stage 2.
Stage 2: This is a Committee stage. During this stage the Bill goes through line-by-line scrutiny. Changes to the text are suggested through amendments. Amendments are considered and debated by the Committee. The view of Committee members of amendments are likely to be influenced by evidence and briefings.
Stage 3: The Bill is considered by the whole Parliament during this stage. This is the final opportunity to influence and change the Bill. This stage has two phases, amendments and a parliamentary debate. Usually both phases take place on the same day. At this Stage amendments tend to focus on tidying the Bill up to get things right. This stage is not a time to raise new issues for the first time. Again, members will be supported by evidence and briefings. This stage ends with a Parliamentary vote on whether or not to pass the Bill.
The Bill then enters a four week challenge period where is can be challenged by the Advocate General, the Lord Advocate, the Attorney General, or by the Secretary of State for Scotland. This is very rare and would normally only occur if the bill is deemed to be outside the legislative competence of the Scottish Parliament (i.e. not a devolved matter).
Five to six weeks after being approved by the Scottish Parliament the Presiding Officer submits the bill for RoyalAssent.
Following Royal Assent the Bill, and any amendments organisations across the sector have made to it, are now law.
Amendments: what are they and what is possible?
An amendment is a proposal to change the wording of the text of the Bill. Amendments are both a tool for political discourse and one of the strongest ways to make change, as the amendment becomes law. During periods of minority government, encouraging cross-party collaboration on an amendment is a particularly effective way to achieve change.
Amendments must be within the scope of the Bill and be relevant to what the Bill sets out to do. Amendments must therefore be relevant and consistent with the general principles of the Bill agreed at Stage 1. By Stage 3, the Bill must achieve what it set out to at Stage 1.
Amendments: top tips
It is never too early to start engaging with MSPs on amendments. Stage 1 evidence is the origins of most amendments. Start engaging with the MSP you wish to work with on your amendment as early as possible. When engaging with the MSP, focus on what you want your amendment to achieve. Develop a policy aim and ensure the MSP understands it.
The Legislation Team turn MSPs ideas into amendments. Ask the MSP you are working with to engage with the Legislation Team when you are ready to draft the amendment.
Don’t try to draft the amendment yourself. Often the legislation team find that when organisations draft amendments they don’t quite achieve what the organisation hoped. If an MSP asks that you draft an amendment, remind them that the Legislation Team are best placed to do this.
The less detail an amendment has the less Government has to object to. Less detail, however, also gives the government more power at regulation phase. Consider what you wish to be on the face of the Bill and what can be left to regulations.
Where you don’t have a specific ask, a probing amendments can be used to clarify part of the Bill, ensure an issue is debated, or get something on the record. For example, an amendment which asks a Minister to leave out a section will encourage the Minister to explain that section of the Bill. Again the legislation team can help MSPs draft an amendment to achieve this.
If you wish to see post-legislative scrutiny, work with an MSP and the legislation team to draft an amendment which commits to a review.
If you are invited to give evidence, go one step further and when giving evidence ask for what you wish to see in the Bill.
Gaining cross party support of an amendment is a blog for another day, but as this is central to having your amendment agreed a good start is to:
Work with parties across the Chamber from as early as possible to encourage support for your amendment. To achieve this, approach the MSPs on the Committee of the parties you wish to engage.
Make the party researchers of the parties you wish to engage, aware of the amendment.
MSPs, like all politicians are used to argumentative persuasion. Legislation and amendments are about dispassionate precision. The role of the legislation team is to enable MSPs to achieve their aims. And while the legislation team can only take instructions for MSPs the team are here to help, just get in touch.
Thanks to Scottish Parliament Legislation Team members, Rea Cris, Mark Brough, Neil Stewart, Euan Donald for sharing their expertise. Details on how to contact the team are available here.
For more information about Bills visit: http://www.parliament.scot/parliamentarybusiness/Bills/30590.aspx
We can address poverty by working together
“Child poverty in twenty-first century Britain is not just a disgrace, but a social calamity and an economic disaster.” These are the…
SCVO submission to UN Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
22 May 2019 The Scottish Council for Voluntary Organisations (SCVO), our members, and the wider third sector welcome the exploration.…
How can the sector most effectively engage with politicians to progress their policy proposals?
Organisations across the third sector invest significantly in developing solutions to the challenges that face people and communities…
Is Scotland “mopping up the mess” of UK welfare policy?
Scotland is “mopping up the mess” of UK welfare policy, this was the key assertion from Aileen Campbell MSP, the Cabinet Secretary...
The UN Special Rapporteur is clear – let’s just hope government is listening
Poverty is a political choice, this was the key message from the UN Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights, Philip...
Making your volunteering more inclusive – why bother?
How to influence legislation in the Scottish Parliament
Make fuel poverty history
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LGBT Film Festival
FilmOut hit "Boy Meets Girl" returns to San Diego
Ken Williams - SDGLN Editor in Chief
Writer-director Eric Schaeffer explains why he wanted to make a movie featuring a transgender actress.
FilmOutSD's Opening Night: “Boy Meets Girl” is not what you might expect
“Boy Meets Girl” is an original and unique story that blurs all gender and sexual orientation lines. The movie opens FilmOut San Diego’s 16th annual LGBT Film Festival on Friday, May 30.
FilmOutSD to present "Love Gone Wrong" movie marathon | VIDEOS
Six films – three classics and three new LGBT movies making their San Diego premieres – will be screened from 11:45 am to 11:45 pm Saturday, Oct. 19, at the historic Birch North Park Theatre.
FilmOut San Diego to present San Diego premieres of “Petunia” and “Remember To Breathe” | VIDEO
SDGLN Staff
FilmOut San Diego will continue its monthly screening series with the San Diego premieres of “Petunia” and the short film “Remember To Breathe.”
Changes in the wind for FilmOut San Diego
Basking in the glow of a mega-successful 15th annual LGBT Film Festival, the FilmOut team has tweaked its future plans to take advantage of the growing library of quality movies that appeal to the community. This will mean more LGBT movies year-round.
"Meth Head" runs away with 2013 FilmOut awards
“Meth Head” and “Raid Of The Rainbow Lounge” dominated the 2013 FilmOut LGBT Film Festival Awards this year, along with audience-favorite "I Do."
FilmOut: Booboo Stewart to attend final day of LGBT Film Festival | VIDEO
Special celebrity guest today will be Booboo Stewart of "Twilight Fame," who is the star of "White Frog." Stewart just flew home from Canada, where he is filming "X-Men: Days Of Future Past" and playing the role of James Proudstar/Warpath.
FilmOut: What's showing on Day 4 of LGBT Film Festival | VIDEO
After the first three days of the 15th annual festival, organizers say that this year's attendance is outstanding and is en route to shatter box office records.
Highlights at FilmOut tonight include "Raid Of The Rainbow Lounge,” “Love Or Whatever” and “The Go Doc Project.”
Today's highlights include “Joshua Tree, 1951: A Portrait Of James Dean,” "I Do" and "Angels Of Sex."
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jshaw4
Evelyn Millard
Evelyn Millard, a popular stage “beauty,” made her first appearance in 1891 as a walk-on at the Haymarket Theatre. Her first major parts came when she joined Sarah Thorne at the Theatre Royal in Margate; she played, among other roles, Juliet and then Hero in Much Ado About Nothing. When she joined the company of Sir Beerbohm Tree in 1897 she was given the role of Portia in Julius Caesar.
Between 1903 and 1916, she played in several more Shakespeare productions: Jessica in The Merchant of Venice (1903), Juliet in 1905, and Desdemona in Lewis Waller‘s production of Othello in 1906. After forming her own company in 1908 she played Ophelia in Hamlet (1910) and Olivia in Twelfth Night in 1912 with Harley Granville Barker at the Savoy Theatre. Her last recorded Shakespeare role was as Calpurnia in Julius Caesar during the Shakespeare Tercentenary Celebration in 1916.
Notably, Millard is known for creating the role of Cecily Cardew in the 1895 premiere of Oscar Wilde’s The Importance of Being Earnest. A year later, she performed in a Royal Command Performance for Queen Victoria. After retiring from the stage, she died in Kensington, at her home, in 1941 at the age of seventy.
Names: H-P, Players
#desdemona, #juliet, #millard, #players, #portia
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CTO Think
by CTO Think
Follow @ctothink
We discuss the importance of a work-life or non-tech balance for someone building a career in technology. Do folks need to set aside a specific amount of time, or any at all, not working on things related to their job?
We've launched a Patreon campaign to raise funds for per-episode transcripts.
Some people feel the need to adhere to a strict 9-to-5.
The source of the rigid 9-to-5 work-life balance theories are important to consider.
Wealthy folks, or folks that have already "made it" may have a different perspective than folks trying to now launch a company.
Do the people touting a balanced philosophy, now, did they follow that same philosophy when they were working their way up?
People that have mastered a craft may not have a lot more to learn.
The work/life philosophy out of Silicon Valley stems from the investor/investee relationship and expectations.
The strictly 9-to-5 philosophy can feel very restraining to some people.
If a person has the goals to be in an innovative field, to make more money, and to manage more people, and their philosophy is strictly a 9-to-5 learning program, good luck to that.
The life constraints that people face: multiple jobs, debt, family, health, all weigh on a person's ability to focus on learning outside of a standard workday timeline.
Don recommends a book named Shadow Divers, by Robert Kurson
Randy recommends a newsletter called SoftwareLeadWeekly, publised by Oren Ellenbogen
Don's Recommended Read: Shadow Divers: The True Adventure of Two Americans Who RIsked Everything to Solve One of the Last Mysteries of World War II
Randy's Recommended Read: SoftwareLeadWeekly
Patreon: CTO Think Podcast is creating Episode Transcripts for Accessiblity
Thanks for listening to the CTO Think Podcast. If you liked what you heard, please share a link to the podcast with your friends.
Reviews on Apple iTunes are always appreciated and help us spread the word about the podcast.
Show music is Dumpster Dive by Marc Walloch, licensed by PremiumBeat.com
Shownotes and previous episodes can be found on our website at www.ctothink.com
For questions, comments, or things you'd like to hear on future shows, please email us at hello@ctothink.com
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We'll keep talking next week!
Intro: Welcome to CTO Think, a podcast about leadership, product development, and tech decisions between two recovering Chief Technology Officers. Here are your hosts, Don VanDemark and Randy Burgess.
Don VanDemark: Randy, what's going on in your world this week?
Randy Burgess: Nothing too big. I think my challenge of the week is dealing with APIs. What's more interesting is more on the human side of the API than it is on the tech. I'm working with a company on behalf of a client, and trying to get information about a semi-documented API that is not responding back consistently with what is expected. It's proving to be a challenge because the folks supporting it don't seem to have a clear technical leader or point person to talk to. I'm having to do lots of different email communications between the client and his contact.
What is more than clear to me with having a product that has to interface with outside APIs is that there are two facets of support, technical and people, that are still necessary, and that dependency is something that you really have to look at for how your product may depend on an outside company, product team, or whatever. That's just something that came up. I've also been learning a little bit about GraphQL, the new API, kind of paradigm approach. Even if I do like that newer system versus REST, like a RESTful API, there's still that people part that doesn't change. This week, it hasn't been hard. I've been making progress, but that's been the challenge of the week so far. How about you?
Don VanDemark: Sure. Sure. That's all interesting, because that doesn't necessarily flow into what I've been doing this week, but it's something that I've been having to look forward to, and I do mean having to look forward to. The work we do with Construction Specialties, we use a number of different systems. One of the systems we use has an API, or I've been told it has an API. I requested access for it, and the response back I got was, "You're not big enough. We don't want you to use it because you're not big enough." I'm like, "Wait a minute. I'm not sure that makes sense. Maybe it makes sense to you, but it doesn't make any sense to me."
Then one of the other systems, I had to ask a non-technical person to hook me up with their IT department, and I'm still having trouble getting that access in order to see if they even have an API, because if they don't have an API, then I can't tie the systems together, or the subject of screen scraping comes up and you have to decide whether … You have to look at the robots.txt file and all that to see if you can even do that. Anyway, it was interesting that you brought up APIs, because that's something I'm going to be wrestling with very shortly.
Randy Burgess: Well, it goes to show, just like I keep telling students of technology, people that I've taught or I'm being introduced to that are newbs to the whole system, this is a tech job. What you're trying to do is still technically-based, but people are still a huge part of it. I think what you ran into was policy, but it's still people that choose the policies and enforce them. You still have to be able to communicate with people, work with people, get past people to get things done. It's not just about zeroes and ones.
Don VanDemark: Right. We do a decent job here of talking about things we're going to talk about in future episodes. I think we might have to come back to this at some point and just wrap a whole subject around technology working with non-technical companies, because that's easily the case I've got here. I've got stories that I can bring from my past as far as that goes. We'll get into that another time.
This week, what I wanted to ask you about was, going back to the whole idea of anti-fragile and things like that, one of the ways I feel that I've made myself somewhat anti-fragile is I'm always out there learning new stuff, figuring out new things. I'm not an expert by any stretch of the imagination, but I make something work, and then I at least have the knowledge of, "Okay, I understand some of what's going on here, so I can speak above just a basic level."
There seems to be a call to movement. That's a strong word, but there seems to be a movement towards technical people need to stop doing their technical jobs after 5:00. They need to do nine-to-five technical, and then the rest of their life needs to be non-technical, away from coding, away from … I'm going to use my trademarked phrase here. It depends, because I find myself … I find it very hard for me to do that on a consistent basis. Certainly, we'll go off and do non-technical things, but I'm always drawn back to technical things. I'm not going to call it work-life balance. I'm going to call it tech, non-tech balance. What is your personal tech, non-tech ratio, and do you find yourself varying it from time to time?
Randy Burgess: Well, I guess let me back up a little bit to the actual argument, because I think some people take nine-to-five literally. I see people, whenever the debate comes up, they get worked up about nine-to-five. People are like, "I work better past 6:00 or 7:00." I'm like, "That's not what we're talking about." I think it's about self-awareness of your energy and burnout prevention more than anything else, and maybe knowing when you're at your peak, because there's people like I can … My personal wavelength of technical energy and learning can go for three days straight of just barely eating and drinking, and just being ultra-focused, and then I need definitely a day off. In the past, I didn't do very well. When I was younger, I didn't do very well regulating it. I think now I've started to notice when I'm not … Nothing's sinking in or I'm watching something or reading something, and I'm drifting off in a different thought pattern.
Personally, my focus levels for working and doing things starts around later in the day, like later to most people, maybe like 10:00 AM, and then can go usually to 7:00 or 8:00 if it's strictly work-related. If it's project-related, then I have to shut things down much earlier, because it's something I'm interested in trying to do. It doesn't stick to a daily routine. Last night, I remember I was working up to about 8:00, and I just yelled to Megan, "I'm done." I don't remember what it was. Maybe I just got something to work. I'm like, "I'm done with this," like, "I don't need to do anything else tomorrow, can take a rest." I think I start to feel the signs of, "I don't want to be sitting here anymore," and I really just need to get this done, or I just need to cut it so that I have energy tomorrow to keep going. That's how it works for me right now.
Don VanDemark: Sure. What I'm also talking about is the concept of improving yourself outside of work hours. We've got kind of what you talked about, which is kind of the circadian rhythm that you go in as far as work every day. It varies from day to day. I know just in the past week, there have been days I've been sitting here at 1:00 AM coding. I am one of those people that codes better from about 10:00 PM to 1:00 AM. I'm sitting here way after hours coding stuff, but the argument I think I see a lot of is, "I don't need to spend my personal time, my free time, improving myself. My job is what's going to help me improve myself."
I find that limiting. (A) You've got to have a super understanding job and management structure and all that that they're even going to give you time to learn stuff that's not related to your specific job. If you're not out there doing stuff that's not related to your specific job, you're not growing. It's that simple. I find the concept … I'd like to know where this concept is coming from that people feel they don't need to be growing outside … and I've met people like this. If that's the lifestyle they want to live, I'm not going to judge how they want to live their life, but it's just so different to the way I've been doing things. What do you see?
Randy Burgess: I think you got to look at the source of the statement, because I feel like when I hear it from certain people, there are certain well-known social media personalities that really do tout this stuff a lot. Philosophically, people burning out and taking a break, or taking a break to prevent burnout, is not a bad thing. I'm not going to say that these people have a bad philosophy, but if they are wealthy and have kind of made it in their sector, then yeah, of course, now you can start to sit back and smell the roses, so to speak. If you're driving to get yourself solid, build retirement, pay for kid's college, family, get your company, your startup lifted off the ground, making revenues, paying your employees, making payroll at the end of the month, you have a much different perspective than that person that has already gone through the process of doing that and is now talking about, "Oh, I don't work past 5:00."
Well, yeah, but when you built that product, were you really on that nine-to-five? That's what I want to ask that person, because if they were, then cool, they're speaking from the entire … from the day that they started the product or the company to now. But what I want to know is, knowing what I know in terms of how hard it is to build products that last, did you really follow that at the beginning, before you … Because there's one specific person. 37signals is a company who I do like their philosophies. I think the way that they talk to companies about this type of stuff is a big deal, but I don't know that they followed back then when they were starting what they follow now. It's just a matter of you have to take it with … You have to consider this philosophy from the person touting it based on where they were when … where you are in their time span, timeline, and where they are now, because I think it's really easy when you have all the money you need, and the company with the revenues and the employees doing things for you. That's a much different thing.
Going back to your specific point of self-improvement, if you've already mastered a craft, there may not be a ton more you need to self-improve on. You may be on autopilot, because you've done so much and you're the master of it. You're doing other things. Maybe you're racing cars. You're learning how to … Boats is your thing. I don't know. You got a hobby now, because you can afford to do that. You're not driving for something. I can say that, for me, I keep doing self-learning, because I see so many things I want to learn and I haven't made it in the sense of I don't have to worry about retirement, I don't have to worry about healthcare, salary is taken care of. None of those things are like … I'm managing them now, but they're not something that if I just sat back on a beach for the next year, I'd be like, "Oops, I should have been making some money." Who that person is saying that, I want to know where they are in their career, their timeline, and how far they've reached.
Don VanDemark: It all comes down to a balance as well, because I do not … I also don't subscribe to what's essentially the opposite of this argument, which is there is a segment of … I'll even say it's a segment of Silicon Valley that is if you're an entrepreneur, you live, breathe, eat, drink your product 24 by seven. You don't stop until you've made it. That goes to the other extreme, which I don't think is healthy and I certainly don't think is sustainable, and makes for poor decisions as well. I think there's a balance, and it is personal. There are people who want to do those things, just like there are people who want to be entrepreneurs and have the makeup to be an entrepreneur, and that's not saying that those that don't are lesser people. They just have different personality traits that allow them to be different type of business people, allow them to be stronger in other places.
Randy Burgess: The Silicon Valley perspective comes from venture capitalists. [crosstalk 00:16:11]. If you hand over a couple million or less, any amount of money you send someone, the philosophy in Silicon Valley is driven by, "Hey, we gave you a pile of cash. Now make us more money off of it." The thing is, instead of it being a philosophy from, "Hey, you had an employer who drives you hard," it's this entire community that represents Silicon Valley's money system saying, "Hey, entrepreneurs. If you take money from us, we want you 100% focused on everything. We don't care about family life, real estate pricing, anything. We want you 100% focused on what we hired you to do." No one considers it being hired, but you've been hired to make someone 10 times their investment. That comes from the source of that money, and so that philosophy, it's termed a philosophy but it's really just the age-old adage of, "You work for me. I don't want you focused on anything else." That's how I see the Valley's opinion of it, which if you sign up for it, great. Just know that's what you're getting into when you take that cash.
Don VanDemark: Yeah. This just buttresses your point about where people came from, because usually those venture entrepreneurs did that previously. Those venture capitalists are prior entrepreneurs who did live and breathe whatever product they grew to make their money, to be venture capitalists. They expect that same from whomever they're giving money to. Yeah, so I think we've come down to, (A) there's a balance there and each person has to find where their balance is, and I just come back to the point … What bothers me the most about that philosophy, going back to the original question, the philosophy around, "I don't need to do more than my job," is it's so constraining.
This is something I actually personally feel, because I have been the manager of really intelligent people. They know one or two things, and it's not like they're masters of those one or two things, which I even think, if you're a master of something, you need to go find something else to learn, because you need different perspectives. They know their thing. They're making a decent enough living that they're comfortable with, so they feel, and this is people within big monolithic enterprise companies as well, they feel they're safe. They've got their salary. They can just ride this out for the next 20, 30 years. That's just not the way the world works right now. That salary, that job, is vulnerable, and you have to control your own destiny. If you don't expand what you know, you're not controlling your destiny. You're letting it come to you. You're making yourself fragile-
Randy Burgess: Well, that's-
Don VanDemark: … so you're not being anti-fragile.
Randy Burgess: Yeah. I would say that my learning, what I choose to focus learning time on, which I do all the time and I always have, is in a way a hedge against the rapidly-changing environment of technology. If I was still doing what I started out doing 20 years ago, I would be doing ASP.NET, ASPX, or whatever the … I don't even know what they use now on the Microsoft side from back-end stuff, and/or PHP and Drupal was the content management system. Once I said, "You know what, I'm frustrated with these tools. This Rails stuff looks more interesting," that's when I started dabbling in Rails. Five years later, I opened up huge doors with better productivity and learning more development, because I was doing the slight hedge on the side of learning new tech.
Now, I'm at the same point right now with Rails that I was back then, because I look at these new tools, pretty much like Node and JavaScript-only back-end, front-end frameworks. I look at Elixir and Phoenix for another, like the kind of possible replacement for Rails, Go, all these different frameworks that are built more on modern tech … or more modern tech and speed is kind of their bigger focus. I'm not totally sure. Even when I'm building the new HOA Done prototype, I'm still using Rails. Why? Because I build really fast in it, but I'm still … To your point, things change so fast, and the whole industry will break.
Now, it's like I have to make sure I've got a backup plan. That's just my personality. I want to have the little things in the background of like, "Okay, the long-term for what I know now is not going to last, but I've been paying attention and I can quickly jump on the new trend." You have to be careful, because you can definitely jump on a trend that dies really quick, but for me, I'm only comfortable doing that. I'm not comfortable saying, "I'm just a Rails developer," and that's it. I can't do that, plus the fact that I have to manage people that know things that I don't. I have to understand something that they know, which is kind of where the CTO, the tech manager, responsibilities are in place. Sure, you can hire everything out, but if you don't have any knowledge of what that person's doing, they better be good. They better be able to deliver, because you are kind of hamstrung if they don't.
Don VanDemark: This kind of ties back to last week as well. There was a period of my career where I was handed an assignment to manage a group of technical professionals supporting a company's SAP instance. I knew nothing about SAP. It was foreign to me. All the technology was foreign to me. The methodologies were not something I was used to. It's a whole way of thinking that if you're not in that space, you don't have that knowledge. I did poorly. That did not go well. I managed the people as best I could. I identified once I got there, I was like, "I'm way out of my depth here, as far as technical. I cannot even have an intelligent conversation about the technical side of this, so I need to manage the people, see if I can figure out who I can lean on to learn things from, and make the best of it."
Fortunately, that was a short assignment. I was a transition manager in that case, so I did my three months and I was out. From that moment on, if they even approached me with an SAP assignment, I said, "That's probably not best for me," just because it … Yes, if you want me to go spend time learning it, I will go do that. It holds no interest for me though, so I'm going to be trying to learn something that holds no interest for me.
Randy Burgess: You did learn something-
Don VanDemark: I lucked out-
Randy Burgess: You did learn something about SAP. You don't ever want to do it again.
Don VanDemark: I'll tell you. I don't even know enough about the product or anything to even say it. It does wonderful things, I'm sure.
Randy Burgess: That's a nice way of [crosstalk 00:24:59].
Don VanDemark: If they're listening and they want to be a future sponsor, we'll take it.
Randy Burgess: It makes people money. I do know that. That's as much as I [crosstalk 00:25:05].
Don VanDemark: Oh, for sure, for sure. Really, I wanted to bring that up today because it's been gnawing at me. It's been gnawing at me for years, because like I said, I know people that I'm like, "You could be so much better. I'm not going to pass judgment on your life decisions, because you've decided that it is much more important at every stage of your career to only spend your eight hours of work. If that's what you want to do, go do that. I'm happy for you. I just know you can be so much more."
Randy Burgess: Well, so I guess the rub is, if this person that has that philosophy tells you, "I want to be a CTO. I want to be in a brand new, innovative technology system. I want more money. I want to have more responsibility," if those are the goals that that person has in our field, in a technology-based product company, whatever, and then they still have that attitude of, "I'm going to do my nine-to-five, my set amount of time, and I'm not going to invest time on my own elsewhere," I would say, "Good luck with that philosophy in our field," because our field is drastically changing so much. I'm not going to hire them for a role that I need innovative thinking and learning on the fly, so that's … I would say that you are limiting, that person is limiting their opportunities, based on what my knowledge of the industry is.
If their philosophy is, "I like to," for whatever my outside interests are, let's say family, raising horses, race car driving, what have you, and they're like, "I don't really care. I'll do what I'm paid to do, and that's all I really care to do. I'll deal with later if my position becomes obsolete or the tech I'm working on is obsolete," and they're fine with that, they can live comfortably and happily like that, that's great, because in some cases, I want to hire people. Just do this one thing for me consistently all the time, and that's all I need you for. I don't really have a problem with that. I don't relate to it very well. That's the difference for me, but it depends. So many times I hear from people, "I want to be in this cutting-edge, innovative space. I don't go home and learn things on my own," I'm just like, "Well, that's not how I've seen it work very well." It's about motivations and goals, I think, to some extent for some people.
Don VanDemark: For those who are younger than you and I, just a fair warning that as you age, your attention span, your ability to retain information, does go down. Your learning speed does go down. I know that it's certainly affected me to some degree is I'm probably not as fast a learner today as I was 20 years ago. Now, I can use some of my experiences to learn things faster. When I went back to get my MBA, I was a incredibly much better student than when I was getting my bachelor's degree. There is that sweet spot right there in, I think, the 30s that is probably your prime time for learning, maybe late 20s and 30s, which is your prime time, because you've got enough life experience to figure out how you learn, and you've still got the energy. You get up a little bit higher, and some of that starts to deteriorate. The synapses don't fire as fast.
Randy Burgess: I agree with you. Definitely from the physical brain power, mental retention side, I totally get that. The difference for me now is I think either experience, prior knowledge, what have you, I am more efficient with learning, because I recognize those boundaries, those constraints, and I don't pay attention or refocus or try to retain more than I can. I actually have been learning things faster, because I'm only focusing on the important parts, realizing I'm going to forget this part anyway. I just want to have the confidence, like on the GraphQL thing, there's a whole section of what I'm learning about the setup. I'm like, "You know what, by the time I actually start using GraphQL, this setup part is not going to be relevant," because they've already talked about the new version coming out in a few months. I'm like, "Okay, I'll understand what they're talking about, but I'm going to skip this as a 'I need to spend a lot of time.'" I've got the video that I'm watching going at like 1.5 or two times speed.
If you were to say, "Write out this config file right now as part of having learned this," I'd be like, "I don't know. I have to look it up again." But if I told you what this technology means for us to move forward with it, I've learned a ton in just the last few weeks on this subject. I think in the past, I would try to read every book, watch every video, retain it, practice it, all that stuff, and now, I think I've shortened my learning that I know what I need to do to a much smaller timeline, because I'm like, "The brain won't retain every detail. I need to have a very cursory understanding of this at this point. I should understand this more in depth at this point." At some point, I can say, "All right. Next time I need to learn this will be when I'm using it."
Being able to do that allows me to learn so many more new things, rather than think, "I need to do freaking three months of GraphQL to be an expert in it." That's where age and experience has changed the learning side for me is becoming more efficient at it. I would agree with someone that says, "Well, I do need to learn, but I don't need to learn as in-depth as people think I need to learn." I could totally catch on to that philosophy in a heartbeat.
Don VanDemark: Well, especially if you're not trying to execute right now. If you're doing it to learn the technology, learn the paradigm, you're absolutely right. You don't need to learn the setup and a lot of that stuff, because by the time you go to execute it down the road, you're going to have to pull somebody else's new config file or whatever to keep up with the times. I do want to add one caveat that I think we need to … Just to throw it out there, make sure that we see all perspectives, obviously this doesn't apply to everyone, right? Someone who's got to go out there and work two jobs in order to put food on the table for their family, absolutely, I've been there. I've been there where you have to be constantly earning money in different ways to just put food on the table. That was in the middle of raising a family, so you got to take your time out for your family and all that.
There are caveats, absolutely. I will say that the way I approached it, and this isn't possible for everyone, but the way I approached it is when I went and tried to get that second job or that second and third stream of income, I tried to make it in something that I was learning or growing in. To some degree, that's how you and I met, and because I was out there putting something out there, and it was something you needed at that moment. There are caveats around that, and not a one size fits all.
Randy Burgess: I agree with that 100%.
Don VanDemark: Cool. Thank you. I feel lighter. I feel I got all that off my chest, and the years of that weighing on me are gone now.
Randy Burgess: Well, it was definitely a good subject that comes up frequently in other people I talk to. I'm pretty sure the work-life balance issue in this industry will not change for a while, in terms of being a debate. There's so much going on in technology that focus and time management is going to be a challenge. Yeah, I think it's a great subject. We can wrap this up. We're going to try to do a new segment at the end. This is kind of common amongst a lot of shows. Recommendations, do you have a recommendation or recommended read for the listener that they can maybe check out? We'll put it in the show notes.
Don VanDemark: Sure. As you know, as you personally know, I consume a lot of books. For a few years, I was trying for 52 books a year. Some years, I would make it. Some years, I wouldn't. I don't believe in abridged books. I think if you're going to read something, you got to read the whole of it. What I'm trying to focus on this year is I may not make my 52, but my 52 is usually about 80 to 90% fiction and the rest nonfiction, which fiction's a lot faster to read. You can skim faster and still pick up all the points. Nonfiction is a little slower, so I'm going to try and pick up some nonfiction books.
One I was recommended to read was a book called Shadow Divers. It's by Robert Kurson, K-U-R-S-O-N. It's about wreck divers, so people who go and dive on wrecks. This particular one was about the set of wreck divers who happened upon a wreck that it took a little while to identify. They finally identified it was a submarine, and not only a submarine, but a German submarine in New England waters where there were no recorded battles of a sunk German sub during World War II.
A lot of the book was about the technical part of the diving. They were going to depths that were right at the edge of what humans can do with the equipment they had at the time. This was in the '90s. Some of it was they turned into historians. They went to Washington and dove into the Naval Archives. They went to Germany, talked to people over there, trying to identify this submarine, because it had no identifying markers. They couldn't get to all parts of the submarine and find things that could identify it. It was a fascinating book. What do you have?
Randy Burgess: I'm going on the business side of stuff. I like to use aggregators to bring me information. There's a lot of people out there that go out and harvest links to different blog posts of the week. I just subscribe to a ton of those, because I can go through their work, having gone ahead of me and finding articles that are worthy. It's faster for me to do that than to go through a feed reader and just find stuff on my own. The one that's very relevant to, I think, what we're talking about week-to-week is Software Lead Weekly. We'll put the domain in the show notes. It's by, I think, a guy that is in Tel Aviv. Oren Ellenbogen I think is his name.
All he does is he finds a bunch of more managements … technical management-related links, some humorous, some educational. A lot of them are very good. He also wrote a book that I can talk about in the future that is helpful for people moving up into the tech management role. I think Software Lead Weekly is a really good source of technical management-related posts out on the internet that people can read. I recommend it as something for people to subscribe to and check out in the future.
Don VanDemark: Yeah, that's really good. That's really a good, good choice.
Randy Burgess: All right. Well, I think we can wrap it up. Good talking to you, and we will talk next time.
Don VanDemark: Sounds good. Thank you. Have a good week. [crosstalk 00:39:00].
Closing: Thanks for listening to the CTO Think podcast. Show notes and previous episodes can be found on our website at ctothink.com. Reviews on Apple iTunes are always appreciated and help promote the show. Patreon contributions help us to produce episode transcripts, which allow people that are deaf or hard of hearing to access the show. If you have feedback, ideas, or want to be a guest, please email us at hello@ctothink.com. Show music is Dumpster Dive by Marc Walloch, licensed by premiumbeat.com. Voiceover work by meganvoices.com. You'll hear from us next week.
What is CTO Think?
A pragmatic podcast about leadership, product dev, and tech decisions between two recovering Chief Technology Officers.
All audio, artwork, episode descriptions and notes are property of CTO Think, for CTO Think, and published with permission by Transistor, Inc.
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