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Radcliffe on the Road
Seven Stories for Seven Decades: Tales from the Vault Spanning Schlesinger Library’s First 75 Years
A Schlesinger Library 75th Anniversary Event
In this illustrated lecture, Jane Kamensky, professor of history and the Pforzheimer Foundation Director of the Schlesinger Library at the Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University, uses seven jewels from the library’s collections to tell fresh stories of American history in the 20th century and look ahead to the 21st.
Topics will include women’s rights and civil rights, the sexual revolution and the remaking of the American family, and the actions and activism of American women abroad from World War II to the present day.
Reception 6 PM, lecture 7 PM
This event took place on May 16, 2018.
Photo by Webb Chappell
Jane Kamensky
Carl and Lily Pforzheimer Foundation Director of the Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America and Jonathan Trumbull Professor of American History in the Harvard Faculty of Arts and Sciences
The Difficult Miracle: The Living Legacy of June Jordan
Thursday 2/22/18
A More Complete Record: The Case for Archival Partnerships
Thursday 4/12/18 to Friday 4/13/18
When Jobs Disappear
Tuesday 4/17/18
Schlesinger 75th Anniversary Celebration
Monday 10/29/18
Jewels from the Schlesinger Library
Photo by Jennifer Esperanza
After its first 75 years, the Schlesinger Library's collections tell fresh stories of American history.
Related Exhibition
75 Stories, 75 Years: Documenting the Lives of American Women at the Schlesinger Library
Photos by Kevin Grady/Radcliffe Institute
February 5, 2018 to November 1, 2018
The 75 documents and objects in this anniversary exhibition evoke the depth and breadth of the Schlesinger Library’s holdings. They tell 75 stories—harrowing, heartbreaking, pathbreaking, brave—about American women’s lives and about the history of the library itself.
Visit the exhibition website.
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NEW RESEARCH CONFIRMS BUSINESSES WILL PIVOT TO A 'VOICE FIRST' STRATEGY WITHIN FIVE YEARS
Red Box, the leading platform for voice, today announces the results of a global survey of CIOs, general C-suite and IT management enterprise employees into their views of voice capture in the enterprise, showing the majority of businesses are capturing only partial voice data sets and are not able to make the most of this highly valuable data set as it is largely inaccessible.
More than three quarters (76%) of those surveyed believe that a ‘Voice First’ strategy will be in place within less than five years showing a clear shift towards recognising the value of the spoken word, and almost all (95%) C-level executives regard voice data as “valuable” or “very valuable” to their organisation.
Despite this, fewer than half (49%) of organisation-wide conversations are being captured, suggesting limitations with current call recording solutions and set up. Furthermore, more than half (51%) of the data being captured is locked away and inaccessible for AI and analytics.
Richard Stevenson, Red Box CEO, comments on the findings: “Today, voice is a critical data set for the digital transformation of the enterprise. It holds much more value than any other means of communication because it conveys context, sentiment, intent, emotion and actions, providing real intelligence and driving valuable business outcomes. The research we’ve conducted is quite astounding, showing how few organisation-wide voice conversations are being captured and how much of that data is inaccessible. This is a significant risk in terms of data silos and a missed opportunity that Red Box is looking to help organisations overcome.”
AI and analytics - only as powerful as the data that fuels it
Recent advances in transcription, AI and ML make the value of voice data sets realisable (previously only accessible by listening), providing organisations with significant business opportunities, however only 8% of those surveyed claim their voice data is easily accessible for fuelling AI engines and analytics.
Whilst businesses recognise the value of transcription in creating structured voice data sets to fuel AI engines, only 52% were benefiting from an automated transcription service, which is compounded by the fact that they are capturing fewer than half of the conversations taking place across the organisation in the first place.
The most common use cases for transcribing calls or wanting to accurately transcribe calls are for staff training improvements, customer service improvements and compliance, and the top three AI use cases seen to be enhanced by voice data are cited as customer experience such as sentiment analysis, security and fraud protection, and predictive analytics to influence strategy, reduce OpEx and increase efficiency. This shows the clear need for holistic and accurately transcribed data sets and for high quality audio capture in the creation of ‘AI Ready’ data sets.
Jon Arnold, Principal of analyst firm J Arnold & Associates, said of the results: “Voice data is currently locked in a complex mix of cloud and on-premise telecom systems and disconnected from the services which can maximise its value. Insight lives across an organisation and high quality and complete structured and unstructured voice data sets are crucial to enabling businesses to benefit from technological advances, such as Artificial Intelligence and sentiment analysis. These are the true value-add for today's enterprise.”
Secure and Open
When considering security and accessibility to the data, 85% of businesses consider complete control and secure access to voice data to be “imperative” or “very important”. 84% of organisations express that it is pivotal to their voice strategies to have an open API approach, allowing freedom and options, feeding voice data into tools and applications of their choice and, crucially, not tying them to one provider. These could include CRM, compliance, business intelligence, AI and analytics tools, or even custom-built applications.
Sector-specific results
Various legislation has been introduced into the financial services sector in 2018, including GDPR and MiFID II, which sees financial firms having to record all interactions with customers (for transparency) so they are already capturing large volumes of voice data and looking at ways to maximise their technology investments beyond compliance.
This industry, often at the forefront of embracing technological change, still has a long way to go when it comes to using voice data for improving customer service, with 35% admitting they are not using AI for customer services at all. This figure is surprisingly high, given that they are trying to ensure they are doing what they can in a competitive market still marred by bad PR in a hangover from the financial crisis of 2007.
Industry experts feel that, while it is unlikely that Esma or the Financial Conduct Authority will abandon the transparency objective as a result of Brexit, if the UK and the European Commission fail to reach a political agreement that maintains a harmonised financial services landscape, it is possible that the market will soon face the prospect of a new iteration of the MiFID directive. Yet nearly half of those surveyed (47%) cite they are currently unprepared for future legislation, despite having a host of technological tools to help them.
Retail organisations have advanced further in their utilisation of voice data compared to other sectors but only half of those using technology to capture and analyse voice data are using that analysis for staff training, staff engagement, customer service and legislation compliance. Government and public sector organisations lag behind – Only 39% of these organisations use technology to both capture and analyse voice data.
Stevenson concludes: “The idea of a ‘Voice First’ enterprise is clearly in the line of sight of the majority of CIOs in the near future, yet few of those that already capture voice data are exploiting its full potential. There is an opportunity to derive real competitive advantage by turning voice data into knowledge to serve customers in the most personalised way and empower augmented employees.”
Contact us to find out more about unlocking the value from your voice data.
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Home / Bill Medley and Jennifer Warren / Dirty Dancing / Eric Carmen / Jennifer Grey / Movie vs Soundtrack Punch-out / Patrick Swayze / The Blow Monkeys / Movie vs. Soundtrack Punch-out!: "Dirty Dancing"
Bill Medley and Jennifer Warren Dirty Dancing Eric Carmen Jennifer Grey Movie vs Soundtrack Punch-out Patrick Swayze The Blow Monkeys
Movie vs. Soundtrack Punch-out!: "Dirty Dancing"
Jason Gross July 16, 2012
Can you imagine watching the Breakfast Club without hearing "Don't You Forget About Me?" Do you think of John Cusack holding a boombox over his head everytime you hear "In Your Eyes" on the radio? Movies and music go hand-in-hand, but if you had to choose just one...which would it be? Movie vs. Soundtrack Punch-out! will determine once and for all whether the movie or the soundtrack is better! Each bout includes a brief overview, a look at the commercial success of each and then, the legacy. And since I'm not the only voice in the 80s universe, a poll will be posted for everyone to cast their vote!
Dirty Dancing is a 1987 film that is set in the summer of 1963. Frances "Baby" Houseman (Jennifer Grey) and family visit an up-state New York resort for the summer, before Baby enters college in the fall. She gets invited to a secret after-hours party where she witnesses the "dirty dancing" for the first time. Her crush on the resort's dance instructor Johnny Castle (Patrick Swayze) develops even more after receiving quick lesson from him at the party. Baby also learns that Johnny's professional dance partner Penny is pregnant by a guy who is also dating her sister. Baby helps Penny get enough money together for an illegal abortion by asking her father, who doesn't know what the money will be used for. Subsequently, Baby becomes Johnny new dance partner and begins rigorously training for their performances. A romance ensues as they continue to train and perform. Eventually, the truth is made known about Penny's abortion and Baby's relationship with Johnny. Her father forbids them to see each other. But at the final performance of the season, Johnny returns after being kicked out of the resort and snatches Baby from her now famous "corner" seat. He proclaims that he is a better man because of Baby...err "Frances." Johnny and her dazzle the audience one more time, finally achieving "the lift" part of their routine for the first time.
The soundtrack featured a mix of early 1960s doo-wop hits with current tracks at that time. Artists like the Ronettes, Maurice Williams and the Zodiacs, and Bruce Channel continued the 60s feel from the movie while The Blow Monkeys, Eric Carmen, and Patrick Swayze himself added the modern feel. Of course, the most famous scene of movie where Johnny and Baby do the lift at the end uses the Bill Medley & Jennifer Warren track "(I've Had) The Time Of My Life." The song made it one of the most memorable scenes of 80s films and beyond, winning the Academy Award in 1987 for best original song. Swayze's single "She's Like The Wind" was actually not intended for the movie. He co-wrote the song for the 1984 film Grandview, U.S.A. for which he co-starred with Jamie Lee Curtis and C. Thomas Howell. The track was not used in the film and Swayze played the demo to the producers of Dirty Dancing. They liked the song and immediately turned it over to the soundtrack producers.
The film made over $63 million total at the box office, nearly cracking the top ten movies of 1987. Although it opened at #3, the film gained momentum after its second week and would reach its peak at #2 for two consecutive weeks. It would remain in theaters for 19 weeks. The soundtrack was enormously popular, sitting atop the Billboard charts for 18 consecutive weeks and selling over 11 million copies to date in the US alone according to the RIAA. It produced three top 5 singles, Eric Carmen's "Hungry Eyes" and the two aforementioned tracks. Worldwide, the album is 8th best selling album of ALL TIME with over 42 million units sold.
In 1988, another soundtrack album was released entitled More Dirty Dancing, which was mainly a large collection of oldies including hits like "Wipe Out" and "Some Kind of Wonderful." The 20th Anniversary release of the soundtrack in 2007 combined both soundtracks into one and also featured a DVD of the music videos from the original tracks. Also in '88, CBS adapted the movie into a TV series that lasted just eleven episodes. 2004 marked two more points in the film's legacy. A stage adaptation of the film as a musical began overseas and continued through North America until 2009. No Broadway plans have been announced. Also a prequel to the film, Dirty Dancing: Havana Nights was released as a "re-imagining" of the original film. It barely made back it's budget through worldwide sales and holds a 23% rating on RottenTomatoes.Com In August 2011, Lionsgate films announced it would remake the orignal film, and according to Rotten Tomatoes, the film is scheduled to be released July 2013.
This is a tougher choice for me than you would think. I'm actually not that big of a fan of either the movie or the soundtrack. This movie is another I didn't see until in the mid '90s. I actually don't think it's a bad movie, but not in my 80s top ten or anything. The movie has a couple great things going for it in the highly quoted "Nobody, puts Baby in a corner" line and the iconic lift scene at the end. But out of sheer respect, I'm giving this bout to the soundtrack via technical knockout. The soundtrack lineup is not all that strong but it's hard to deny the overwhelming popularity of it. 42 million units sold worldwide and 2nd best selling soundtrack of all time behind the Bodyguard...are you kidding me? The term "gangbusters" comes to mind. So there you have it, via TKO, the soundtrack wins it for me.
Agree? Disagree? Let me know your choice in the comments! If you simply can't decide...you can always vote for both!
#Bill Medley and Jennifer Warren #Dirty Dancing #Eric Carmen #Jennifer Grey #Movie vs Soundtrack Punch-out #Patrick Swayze #The Blow Monkeys
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Intelligence on Wheels Train Collision Avoidance and Track Personnel Protection Systems
Intelligence on Wheels (IoW) provides innovative railway safety systems and services, including on-board train collision avoidance systems, personal track worker protection systems and related solutions such as the generation of electronic maps.
On-board collision avoidance systems for rail vehicles
IoW’s primary product series is a train collision avoidance system solely relying on on-board components, so it is independent of the railway infrastructure.
The 19in version of the on-board unit is permanently fixed in a 19in train rack installation, which is available in most modern rail vehicles. It contains processing, communication, localisation and power modules.
A portable on-board unit may be installed temporarily to protect guest vehicles such as locomotives or even single wagons.
Cost-efficient safety overlay systems for trains
IoW’s collision avoidance system is designed as a so-called ‘safety overlay system’, meaning that existing railway safety systems along the track or installed in the vehicles can still be used.
The company aims to equip every train with additional technical train protection, enhancing on-board rail technology and safety standards.
IoW’s systems can be permanently or temporarily installed on any rail vehicle, including construction and maintenance vehicles. The solution is a cost-efficient addition to selectively strenghten other safety systems.
Train-to-train communication technology
IoW’s system relies on the train’s on-board technology and does not require additional equipment in the rail infrastructure, so installation is possible without additional changes or costs.
A combination of direct train-to-train communication system, an accurate localisation system and a cooperative situation analysis and decision support system IoW’s system relies on on-board technology and does not require additional equipment in the rail infrastructure.
Portable train collision avoidance units for temporary integration
Rail vehicles that are not permanently equipped with the train collision avoidance system can be fitted with a portable train unit to integrate these vehicles into the safety system.
Vehicles are incorporated into the hazard analysis, so temporary and permanently equipped vehicles get collision warnings in dangerous situations, as well as appear as obstacles for other equipped trains.
Track worker protection systems
To improve safety in railway construction and maintaining, a version of IoW’s product can be used to protect track workers from being hit by approaching trains through a personal device such as a mobile phone.
Industry-proven safety systems for rail collision prevention
IoW’s train collision avoidance system has received several industry awards, including the European Rail Award for Excellence in Safety and Security in November 2013.
A pilot project on Germany’s Harzer Schmalspurbahnen network demonstrated the system’s stability and availability, even under extreme climatic, orographic, obstructive conditions.
Train Collision Warning System Wins Award at Digicon 2016
The inaugural Munich Digital World Convention (Digicon 2016) presented awards to sustainable innovative ideas for their contributions to the digital world of the future.
Introducing a New Train Collision Avoidance System for Railways
To improve the safety in the operation of a completely single-track narrow-gauge railway network in the Harz, a new type of train-collision avoidance system is currently being introduced.
Intelligence on Wheels GmbH
+49 8153 29940 00 +49 8153 29940 11 info@intelligence-on-wheels.de www.intelligence-on-wheels.de
Intelligence on Wheels Images
Intelligence on Wheels at InnoTrans 2016
Intelligence on Wheels will present its innovative and awarded technology at InnoTrans 2016, Europe's leading international trade fair for transport technology, innovative components, vehicles and systems.
Monitoring High-Speed Train Manoeuvres with Collision Warning System
The train collision warning system has been installed on high-speed trains for the first time ever, showing it's huge potential for any kind of train installation.
International Critical Communication Award for Train Collision Avoidance System
Intelligence on Wheels was awarded the International Critical Communications Award 2016 in the category 'Best Use of TETRA for Transport' for their innovative safety overlay system.
Intelligence on Wheels to Showcase Train Collision Avoidance System in Italy
The German hightech company Intelligence on Wheels will come to Italy in March 2016 to showcase their innovative and award-winning train collision avoidance system. This is an excellent opportunity to arrange for a face to face meeting and discuss your case with us.
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The Second Amendment was ratified to preserve slavery
Thom Hartmann, AlterNet
The real reason the Second Amendment was ratified, and why it says “State” instead of “Country” (the Framers knew the difference – see the 10th Amendment), was to preserve the slave patrol militias in the southern states, which was necessary to get Virginia’s vote. Founders Patrick Henry, George Mason, and James Madison were totally clear on that . . . and we all should be too.
In the beginning, there were the militias. In the South, they were also called the “slave patrols,” and they were regulated by the states.
In Georgia, for example, a generation before the American Revolution, laws were passed in 1755 and 1757 that required all plantation owners or their male white employees to be members of the Georgia Militia, and for those armed militia members to make monthly inspections of the quarters of all slaves in the state. The law defined which counties had which armed militias and even required armed militia members to keep a keen eye out for slaves who may be planning uprisings.
As Dr. Carl T. Bogus wrote for the University of California Law Review in 1998, “The Georgia statutes required patrols, under the direction of commissioned militia officers, to examine every plantation each month and authorized them to search ‘all Negro Houses for offensive Weapons and Ammunition’ and to apprehend and give twenty lashes to any slave found outside plantation grounds.”
It’s the answer to the question raised by the character played by Leonardo DiCaprio in Django Unchained when he asks, “Why don’t they just rise up and kill the whites?” If the movie were real, it would have been a purely rhetorical question, because every southerner of the era knew the simple answer: Well regulated militias kept the slaves in chains.
Sally E. Haden, in her book Slave Patrols: Law and Violence in Virginia and the Carolinas, notes that, “Although eligibility for the Militia seemed all-encompassing, not every middle-aged white male Virginian or Carolinian became a slave patroller.” There were exemptions so “men in critical professions” like judges, legislators and students could stay at their work. Generally, though, she documents how most southern men between ages 18 and 45 – including physicians and ministers – had to serve on slave patrol in the militia at one time or another in their lives.
And slave rebellions were keeping the slave patrols busy.
By the time the Constitution was ratified, hundreds of substantial slave uprisings had occurred across the South. Blacks outnumbered whites in large areas, and the state militias were used to both prevent and to put down slave uprisings. As Dr. Bogus points out, slavery can only exist in the context of a police state, and the enforcement of that police state was the explicit job of the militias.
If the anti-slavery folks in the North had figured out a way to disband – or even move out of the state – those southern militias, the police state of the South would collapse. And, similarly, if the North were to invite into military service the slaves of the South, then they could be emancipated, which would collapse the institution of slavery, and the southern economic and social systems, altogether.
These two possibilities worried southerners like James Monroe, George Mason (who owned over 300 slaves) and the southern Christian evangelical, Patrick Henry (who opposed slavery on principle, but also opposed freeing slaves).
Their main concern was that Article 1, Section 8 of the newly-proposed Constitution, which gave the federal government the power to raise and supervise a militia, could also allow that federal militia to subsume their state militias and change them from slavery-enforcing institutions into something that could even, one day, free the slaves.
This was not an imagined threat. Famously, 12 years earlier, during the lead-up to the Revolutionary War, Lord Dunsmore offered freedom to slaves who could escape and join his forces. “Liberty to Slaves” was stitched onto their jacket pocket flaps. During the War, British General Henry Clinton extended the practice in 1779. And numerous freed slaves served in General Washington’s army.
Thus, southern legislators and plantation owners lived not just in fear of their own slaves rebelling, but also in fear that their slaves could be emancipated through military service.
At the ratifying convention in Virginia in 1788, Henry laid it out:
“Let me here call your attention to that part [Article 1, Section 8 of the proposed Constitution] which gives the Congress power to provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the militia, and for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the United States. . . .
“By this, sir, you see that their control over our last and best defence is unlimited. If they neglect or refuse to discipline or arm our militia, they will be useless: the states can do neither . . . this power being exclusively given to Congress. The power of appointing officers over men not disciplined or armed is ridiculous; so that this pretended little remains of power left to the states may, at the pleasure of Congress, be rendered nugatory.”
George Mason expressed a similar fear:
“The militia may be here destroyed by that method which has been practised in other parts of the world before; that is, by rendering them useless, by disarming them. Under various pretences, Congress may neglect to provide for arming and disciplining the militia; and the state governments cannot do it, for Congress has an exclusive right to arm them [under this proposed Constitution] . . . “
Henry then bluntly laid it out:
“If the country be invaded, a state may go to war, but cannot suppress [slave] insurrections [under this new Constitution]. If there should happen an insurrection of slaves, the country cannot be said to be invaded. They cannot, therefore, suppress it without the interposition of Congress . . . . Congress, and Congress only [under this new Constitution], can call forth the militia.”
And why was that such a concern for Patrick Henry?
“In this state,” he said, “there are two hundred and thirty-six thousand blacks, and there are many in several other states. But there are few or none in the Northern States. . . . May Congress not say, that every black man must fight? Did we not see a little of this last war? We were not so hard pushed as to make emancipation general; but acts of Assembly passed that every slave who would go to the army should be free.”
Patrick Henry was also convinced that the power over the various state militias given the federal government in the new Constitution could be used to strip the slave states of their slave-patrol militias. He knew the majority attitude in the North opposed slavery, and he worried they’d use the Constitution to free the South’s slaves (a process then called “Manumission”).
The abolitionists would, he was certain, use that power (and, ironically, this is pretty much what Abraham Lincoln ended up doing):
“[T]hey will search that paper [the Constitution], and see if they have power of manumission,” said Henry. “And have they not, sir? Have they not power to provide for the general defence and welfare? May they not think that these call for the abolition of slavery? May they not pronounce all slaves free, and will they not be warranted by that power?
“This is no ambiguous implication or logical deduction. The paper speaks to the point: they have the power in clear, unequivocal terms, and will clearly and certainly exercise it.”
He added: “This is a local matter, and I can see no propriety in subjecting it to Congress.”
James Madison, the “Father of the Constitution” and a slaveholder himself, basically called Patrick Henry paranoid.
“I was struck with surprise,” Madison said, “when I heard him express himself alarmed with respect to the emancipation of slaves. . . . There is no power to warrant it, in that paper [the Constitution]. If there be, I know it not.”
But the southern fears wouldn’t go away.
Patrick Henry even argued that southerner’s “property” (slaves) would be lost under the new Constitution, and the resulting slave uprising would be less than peaceful or tranquil:
“In this situation,” Henry said to Madison, “I see a great deal of the property of the people of Virginia in jeopardy, and their peace and tranquility gone.”
So Madison, who had (at Jefferson’s insistence) already begun to prepare proposed amendments to the Constitution, changed his first draft of one that addressed the militia issue to make sure it was unambiguous that the southern states could maintain their slave patrol militias.
His first draft for what became the Second Amendment had said: “The right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed; a well armed, and well regulated militia being the best security of a free country [emphasis mine]: but no person religiously scrupulous of bearing arms, shall be compelled to render military service in person.”
But Henry, Mason and others wanted southern states to preserve their slave-patrol militias independent of the federal government. So Madison changed the word “country” to the word “state,” and redrafted the Second Amendment into today’s form:
“A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State [emphasis mine], the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.”
Little did Madison realize that one day in the future weapons-manufacturing corporations, newly defined as “persons” by a Supreme Court some have called dysfunctional, would use his slave patrol militia amendment to protect their “right” to manufacture and sell assault weapons used to murder schoolchildren.
Rick Wilson: Bolton’s bombshell has GOP terrified of a long trial that will ‘grind them into dust’
Brad Reed
Conservative political strategist Rick Wilson has published a new column in The Daily Beast that argues President Donald Trump and Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-KY) are "sh*tting bricks" at the prospect of former national security adviser John Bolton testifying.
Specifically, Wilson says that the leaked excerpts from Bolton's upcoming book have put a major political price on Republican senators who vote to acquit the president without even hearing a single witness.
Lev Parnas’ lawyer ties Lindsey Graham to corrupt Ukraine scheme
Rudy Giuliani delivered a letter in late 2018 to Sen. Lindsey Graham calling for sanctions on Ukrainian government officials, including a corruption reformer and another who ran the company whose board Hunter Biden served on.
The attorney for indicted Giuliani henchman Lev Parnas showed the letter to The Daily Beast, which reported the document described the Ukrainian politicians and business leaders as an "organized crime syndicate" -- and misspelled the GOP senator's name as "Lingsey."
John Bolton told GOP donors that Trump is ‘mentally unstable’: report
Islamophobia in the US did not start with Trump, but his tweets perpetuate a long history of equating Muslims with terrorism
‘Getting the truth is irrelevant!’ Rick Santorum goes down in flames trying to defend Trump on CNN
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Army opens new investigation of detainee abuse allegations
By Joshua E. S. Phillips / March 16, 2015
Christopher Grey, chief of public affairs for the U.S. Army Criminal Investigation Command, confirmed that the Army has opened a criminal investigation into allegations of detainee abuse in 2003, after Reveal published a photograph of an Iraqi detainee in a stress position with two smiling soldiers.
Credit: Kevin Wolf/Associated Press
The U.S. Army has opened a criminal investigation into allegations of detainee abuse in 2003, following a Reveal story last month that showed a photograph of an Iraqi detainee in a stress position with two smiling soldiers.
The new investigation was confirmed by Christopher Grey, chief of public affairs for the U.S. Army Criminal Investigation Command, who said the division was “not releasing any further information at this time to protect the integrity of the investigative process.”
This appears to be one of the rare instances in which the military has opened an investigation into detainee abuse in the years following the Abu Ghraib prisoner abuse and torture scandal of 2004.
“From what we know, the vast majority of cases that were related to detainee abuse occurred during the Abu Ghraib era, and they were brought against low-level service members,” said Laura Pitter, senior national security counsel at Human Rights Watch. “There’s been widespread impunity for the cases in which hundreds, perhaps even thousands, of detainees in military custody were abused. For the most part, there’s been no real accountability for military abuses, and certainly none for CIA abuse.”
The photograph belonged to a deceased Army medic, Jonathan Millantz, who served in Iraq in 2003 and 2004 and was attached to a tank unit, Battalion 1-68, part of the 4th Infantry Division. Millantz is in the photograph, on the left, standing beside a lieutenant and an Iraqi detainee. Millantz died in 2009 at age 27.
Jonathan Millantz (left) and then-Lt. Phil Blanchard smile as an Iraqi detainee is forced to hold up a large board. Reveal has blocked the detainee’s eyes in this image to protect his identity. Credit: Courtesy of Jonathan Millantz
The Iraqi detainee in the photograph appears to be sweating profusely, his face strained in pain as he’s holding up a long wooden board. (Reveal has blocked the detainee’s eyes in this image to protect his identity, because he is the alleged victim and because his identity could not be confirmed.) Millantz wrote on the back of the photograph that the detainee was “holding that board for 45 minutes,” and the pressure of lifting it eventually caused his wrist to break.
The lieutenant in the photograph was identified by several sources as Phil Blanchard, who is now a captain in the Army National Guard. On Feb. 12, he told Reveal that he had no recollection of the photo and had a limited relationship with Millantz.
“I had very limited engagement with detainees during my tour in Iraq,” he added in a statement. “I never processed or questioned detainees as that role fell into our S2 (intelligence) shop within the Battalion.”
Between 2006 and 2010, former members of Battalion 1-68 said in interviews that officers were present and aware of detainee abuse at the unit’s base, Forward Operating Base Lion (later known as FOB O’Ryan); some unit members said certain officers encouraged it and alleged that at least one officer ordered soldiers to deprive prisoners of sleep for extended hours.
Human rights groups – Human Rights Watch, Human Rights First, the American Civil Liberties Union and a former researcher for The Constitution Project’s Task Force on Detainee Treatment – said the image published by Reveal appears to be the first photograph of U.S. military detainee abuse that has come to light since the Abu Ghraib photos were published in 2004 by The New Yorker magazine and CBS News, and then in 2006 by online news magazine Salon.
Listen to the segment
While researching a book and radio stories about prisoner abuse, reporter Michael Montgomery and I contacted the military nearly a dozen times about allegations made by former members of Millantz’s unit. In 2009, we sent Millantz’s photograph to the military and were told via email that Lt. Col. Martin Downie would refer the allegations to Army investigators. The military did not say whether officials looked into the allegations, even during a follow-up inquiry to the Criminal Investigation Command in 2012.
Reveal contacted the military about the abuse allegations and the photograph again in January, and a spokesman said officials could find no reports of any investigation into alleged abuses. The spokesman said that without the names of the detainees or their serial numbers, officials couldn’t determine “whether any detainees raised allegations of abuse.”
It’s unclear exactly how many service members have been investigated and punished for detainee abuse and torture. The State Department, in a recent report to the U.N. Human Rights Council, claims the military “has conducted thousands of investigations and prosecuted or disciplined hundreds of service members for mistreatment of detainees and other related misconduct since 2001.”
Human rights groups and the military could not produce precise figures for the number of military investigations and inquires into U.S. military detainee abuse. But human rights groups point to hundreds, possibly even thousands, of additional photographs of abuse and torture at the hands of American military personnel that remain in government custody – and are likely part of military investigations.
Since 2004, the ACLU has pressed the U.S. government to release those photographs, as part of a lawsuit to release the military’s record of detainee mistreatment during the so-called war on terror.
In 2009, President Barack Obama blocked the release of additional photographs, explaining that doing so would “inflame anti-American opinion and allow our enemies to paint U.S. troops with a broad, damning and inaccurate brush, thereby endangering them in theaters of war.”
He also reasoned that the photographs were linked to investigations and that wrongdoers had been punished.
“Individuals who violated standards of behavior in these photos have been investigated and they have been held accountable,” Obama said. “Nothing has been concealed to absolve perpetrators of crimes.”
Human rights groups complain that punishment for prisoner abuse and torture has mostly fallen on low-ranking service members. Few officers have been court martialed, and none have been punished for ordering torture. No political official has been held responsible, either.
The photograph once owned by Millantz has a long history. Millantz sent the photograph to his friend John Hutton, along with a letter, dated Dec. 20, 2003, that detailed the kinds of torture that unit members inflicted on prisoners. Millantz sent many similar letters and photographs from Iraq to Hutton. After the Abu Ghraib prisoner abuse scandal was revealed in 2004 and Army perpetrators were imprisoned for abusing detainees, Millantz asked Hutton to hold on to the photos for safe keeping.
In 2005, Millantz received a medical discharge, then began opening up about his experience in Iraq a year later. Millantz described in interviews – spanning three years – how he repeatedly tried to report the abuse and torture in which he and fellow service members were involved and how his superiors rebuffed him.
In August 2008, Millantz retrieved this photograph from Hutton and said he wanted it to be published to prove what he and his unit members described: that detainee abuse and torture occurred in the unit’s detention facility at their forward operating base and that officers were present.
Millantz’s family and friends recall other photos showing prisoner abuse and torture, but this appears to be the only one that wasn’t discarded; many of the letters Millantz sent to Hutton, detailing abuse and torture, remain intact.
Reporter Michael Montgomery contributed to this story. It was edited by Robert Salladay and copy edited by Nikki Frick.
Joshua E. S. Phillips can be reached at contactbookauthor@gmail.com. Follow him on Twitter: @joshesphillips.
By Joshua E. S. Phillips Reveal from The Center for Investigative Reporting March 16, 2015
By Joshua E. S. Phillips / March 16, 2015
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Indian Girl Crowned Miss Deaf Asia 2018
APPAREL BUSINESS HEALTHCARE
Haryana girl Nishtha Dudeja wins Miss Deaf Asia 2018 crown
Nishtha Dudeja, who is the first Indian to have won any title at the Miss Deaf World Pageant, said on Monday that she faced tough competition from contestants from China, Thailand, Taiwan, Israel and Czech Republic among others.
By: IANS
Haryana girl Nishtha Dudeja, who was born deaf did not think of herself being differently-abled and chose to take her chance in the field of beauty. (Source: Instagram/Nishtha Dudeja)Haryana girl Nishtha Dudeja has proved that disability cannot come in the way of success. She has won the Miss Deaf Asia 2018 title at an international pageant held in Prague recently.
Nishtha, who is the first Indian to have won any title at the Miss Deaf World Pageant, said on Monday that she faced tough competition from contestants from China, Thailand, Taiwan, Israel, Czech Republic, Belarus, Mexico, South Africa and other countries at the 18th edition of Miss and Mister Deaf World -Europe -Asia Beauty Pageant 2018 held recently at Prague, Czech Republic.
The beauty from Haryana’s industrial city of Panipat, around 85 km from New Delhi, who was born deaf did not think of herself being differently-abled and chose to take her chance in the field of beauty.
“I want to thank my parents for their consistent support who were always there to help me. Now I want to help the deprived people even at the cost of my comfort. I believe that the differently abled people don’t need pity. They only deserve equal opportunities to prove themselves,” Nishtha, who has returned to India now, said.
The 23-year-old Panipat girl is a commerce graduate from Venkateshwara College, Delhi University, and presently pursuing MA in economics from Mithibai College, University of Mumbai. Prior to this title, Nishtha had also won the Miss Deaf India title on February 26 this year in Jaipur.
She is the brand ambassador for Sivantos India Pvt Ltd. (Formerly Siemens hearing Instruments Pvt Ltd.), the world’s leading brand of hearing aids, having about a 25 per cent market share globally.
Nishtha was always a bright student from her school days, who was always keen on learning something new in life. Seeing her interest in extra-curricular activities, her mother sent her to learn judo at the age of seven. Nishtha did judo for about five years, participated in various tournaments up to international level and won medals.
The beauty queen is also an accomplished tennis player and has played many AITA, ITF and Asian tour tennis tournaments. Nishtha had also participated in Deaflympics 2013 (held in Sofia, Bulgaria), World Deaf Tennis Championship 2015 (held in Nottingham, UK) and Deaflympics 2017 (held in Samsun, Turkey).
Ved Prakash Dudeja, father of Nishtha and Chief Engineer in the Northern Railways, gave the credit of his daughter’s success to his wife who has worked hard for Nishtha’s success.
Tags: Indian Girl Crowned Miss Deaf Asia 2018, Indian Girl Wins Miss Deaf Asia 2018
Gravity Total Gym Exercises
Wallpaper Zuber Arrives At Bergdorf Goodman
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Access and security
Fencing off security threats
One of the UK's largest Telecom and Internet Service Providers (ISPs) chooses Jacksons Fencing to secure its data centre
Jacksons has provided design and project management support to a data centre in Milton Keynes. The 20,000m2 facility is owned by one of the UK’s largest Telecom and Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and is home to state of the art technology, meaning the building must be adequately secured against potential threats.
A breach of data centre security could have severe consequences on both public safety and the availability of the service a centre is housing. As such, Jacksons carried out a rigorous security plan, requiring an understanding of potential risks, threats, environmental concerns and the topography of the surrounding area. Following this, the company installed specific products taking into account these legislative and operational requirements. In the process, Jacksons overcame various challenges.
The data centre shares its location with the home of great crested newts, a European protected species, whose resting places and breeding sites are protected by law. It was therefore required that planning permission was granted before any work could take place on the site. A further issue was the landscape surrounding the site that, while topographically beautiful, is uneven and pronounced with natural contours. This required Jacksons to arrange a full ground scan, assessing the location of critical power supplies.
Further to addressing the immediate needs these challenges presented, Jacksons' on-site production team installed unique solutions that met the centre’s stringent security requirements. The company installed specific features to protect the facility, like its Securi-Mesh fencing and gates (both automated and manual) and a standalone Perimeter Intrusion Detection System (PIDS).
For more than 70 years, Jacksons has been in the business of perimeter protection, providing a mix of solutions from design support to installation and maintenance. Its project teams have a wealth of experience supported by a range of products which meet high security requirements.
Watch the video case study above to see how Jacksons Fencing secured this critical data centre.
For more information and technical support visit: www.jacksons-fencing.co.uk
security@jacksons-fencing.co.uk
Jacksons Fencing
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RMU defeats Mount St. Mary’s, 12-11
Amy Shubilla
Chris Mueller, Assistant Sports Editor
In a back and forth Sunday afternoon affair, host Robert Morris held on to defeat Northeast Conference foe Mount St. Mary’s, 12-11, in a dramatic, fast-paced game. With the win, RMU improves to 6-5 on the year and knocked the Mount out of NEC playoff contention, a year after they saw their 2012 season end at the hands of the Mountaineers in the conference postseason.
“We obviously would have certainly liked to keep that four-goal cushion that we had,” stated head coach Drew McMinn. “One of the biggest things we talk about is staying consistent in every situation and not letting the score affect the way we play. I felt the guys responded well.”
The Colonials relied on a variety of two-goal scorers in a well-rounded offensive game-plan. Midfielders Connor Martin and Tyler Digby each tallied two goals and an assist respectively. Eric Rankel notched a goal and two assists
“We set out to get the looks we wanted and create our own shot,” said Martin. “We did have some breakdowns but it’s a full game. I definitely like our chances going forward.”
Attack Jake Hayes and Luke Laszkiewicz also netted two goals apiece. Hayes’ effort broke an RMU record by scoring a goal in 18 consecutive games. Goalie Charles Ruppert was solid throughout the contest and notched 11 saves in net.
“Overall, we played great coming out of the gate,” said Hayes. “We tried to play as fast as possible throughout the game. The second half is something we’ve been stressing all year and our mindset remained the same, but we got away with one there in the end.”
Hayes and Laszkiewicz have been quite the one-two punch for the Colonials this season. Both are amongst the top five on the team in points and continue to steady their offensive attack.
“We netted a few early and it carried on throughout the game. Today both of my goals were just from driving the net. I’ve been really trying to do that more and focus on finishing.” added Laszkiewicz
Mount St. Mary’s managed to cut the lead to one with 5:50 remaining in regulation, but couldn’t tie the game. They outscored the Colonials eight to five in the second half and won 19 of 23 face-offs, however their momentum was not enough to give them the much-needed victory. Brett Schmidt led the way with three goals and three assists while Adam Borogogelli had 10 saves on the day.
“I’m proud of how they battled,” said Mountaineers coach Tom Gravante. “We had an opportunity to make a play to tie it at the end but just couldn’t. I commend Robert Morris and their ability to continue to play under pressure.”
The head coach was frustrated in his team’s inability to capitalize in the crucial moments of the game.
“I hoped for a game like this where we would be in it,” he said. “We just needed a little bit more poise when it mattered. We didn’t handle the pressure well.”
Chris Mueller, Sports Reporter
Chris is a junior Communications major at RMU with an applied concentration in journalism. He is Sports Editor for RMU Sentry Media. As current Sports...
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LibDems urge execution for bureaucrats co-operating with terrorists
The XXV Convention of the Russian Liberal Democratic Party. (RIA Novosti/Vladimir Fedorenko) © RIA Novosti
Russian Liberal-Democratic party (LDPR) has suggested introducing the death penalty for corrupt officials who aid terrorists.
The LDPR insists that Russia should lift the moratorium on capital punishment imposed in 1996 when it comes to corrupt top level officials who play into the hands of terrorists. The initiative was put forward as part of a large-scale fight against corruption which poses a threat to Russia’s “national interests.” In addition the Liberal-Democrats propose to ban corrupt bureaucrats from holding state posts and confiscate all their property.All civil servants must also be obliged to report to law enforcement agencies on all cases of corruption, the party said in a resolution adopted at its 25th Congress on Thursday.The LDPR is one of four political parties represented in the Russian lower house, the State Duma. It gained 56 seats in the 2011 parliamentary elections getting 11.6 % of the votes. The party is set to increase its presence in the Duma and hopes to get support from up to 30 per cent of voters in future, the delegates of the convention stated. For the 20 years since its founding, the party was led by Vladimir Zhirinovsky – one of most charismatic Russian politicians. The veteran politician presented a report on Thursday and vowed that the LDPR’s next congress, scheduled for March, will take place at the country’s best congress hall at the Kremlin, or at least at Moscow’s Manege – right next to Red Square.
Russia must help Syria if US supports rebels - Zhirinovsky
Urals prison riot: Governor blames 'corrupt jail system'
Opposition demands coalition government to prevent future corruption scandals
Putin vows crackdown on high-profile corruption and money laundering
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Jake Christiansen
Greenville H.S., Greenville, PA
By Jim Gerweck
Running a race as part of a family vacation isn’t unusual, but when the Christiansen clan does it, they might need an extra luggage carrier for all the hardware they collect.
Consider the results of this year’s Quad-City Times Bix 7, one of the biggest and most competitive races on the national circuit. Jake Christiansen won the 15-and-under division by more than two minutes, clocking a 38:10 for the hilly seven-mile course. His sister Jacy did the same in the female division, even though she’s only 11. Younger brother Job (13) was third in the 15 and unders, and older brother Jed (17) was second in the 16-to-19 division. Older sisters Jesi (19), Jill (21) and Jenny (23) gave the race a pass, leaving a little more room in the car for the drive home from Iowa.
"It’s fun to run, that’s what we all do," says Jake, who’ll be a sophomore at Greenville High School in western Pennsylvania this year. A weekend family outing for the Christiansens often consists of an 8 to 10 mile run, with all seven kids and mom and dad covering the distance together, often on the trails of a nearby park. "Other times we’ll go to the track and do a workout there." His weekly mileage currently hovers around 50.
With a family full of runners, there was no question what Jake’s athletic activity would be, and he started at an early age. "I think as soon as I could walk I was running," even if it was just a hundred yards a day. By the time he was 3 he began running races, some as long as 5K. "I did them mostly for fun," he says. "I didn’t start getting serious until I was around 5."
When he got to junior high school Jake ran on the cross country and track teams and continued his freshman year, when a stress fracture kept him from qualifying for the state championship by one place. In track he was an alternate on Greenville’s 4x800m relay team and clocked times of 2:10 (800m), 4:43 (1600m) and 10:02 (3200m). His PR for 5K, set on the roads, is 16:15, and he regularly clocks similar times for the distance in cross country.
Jake would like to lower that time to 15:30 and make the state championship in the 3200, but aside from that he doesn’t have any hard and fast goals. "I just want to keep improving, and wherever that gets me is fine."
Jake realizes that his forte is in the longer distances. "I prefer shorter races, but in the longer races I have good endurance that helps me do well," he says. "Part of it’s talent, plus a lot of practice."
As a veteran of the road race circuit, Jake sees the upside of both open and high school competition. "In high school meets it’s all people your own age, and your competition is right there. In a road race you don’t know how much competition there’ll be and where they are during the race. But it’s fun to run in a big event and see the elite athletes." While he’s excelled on hilly courses like Bix, he likes track races "because it’s all flat and you don’t use extra energy climbing hills."
Jake’s longest road race has been a half marathon, although his father and some of his older siblings have completed a marathon. "I’ll probably run one someday, but I’m in no hurry to do that right now."
Clearly, between running high school meets and winning big road races, Jake has more than enough to satisfy his competitive desires for now.
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Hoeribach weather cross
The weather cross at the junction to the dealership Parhammer is owned by the families Schwaighofer (Neuhauser) and Wieser (Bergerbauer) and is cared for by them together.
As is known from stories, the cross was originally (about 300 years ago) at the Esslmühle. In the past 40 years, it had to be rebuilt three times at the current location:
In the 70s it was very desolate, was thoroughly renovated and set up. Already in 1975 this work was necessary again, because the cross had been totally destroyed by lightning. Road construction in 2000 was again so badly damaged by a truck that it had to be removed, renovated and re-erected.
At that time Mr. Bucar from Vöcklabruck took over the renewal of the depiction of Christ, the families procured the larch wood for the cross.
Höribachstraße 70
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Women, girls rape victims in Haiti quake aftermath
In this photo taken March 14, 2010, women wait to receive medical attention for them and their children outside the women’s clinic run by the Jenkins-Penn Haiti Relief Operation, at the makeshift camp for earthquake survivors in the Petionville Golf Club in Port-au-Prince. Women, girls and children as young as 2 years old, already traumatized by the loss of homes and loved ones in Haiti’s earthquake, now are falling victim to rapists in sprawling and unmanageable tent cities that have become home to hundreds of thousands of people. (AP Photo/Andres Leighton)
( / AP)
By MICHELLE FAUL, Associated Press Writer
PORT-AU-PRINCE, Haiti —
In this photo taken March 14, 2010, a woman is carried on a stretcher to receive medical attention at the field hospital run by the Jenkins-Penn Haiti Relief Operation, led by US actor Sean Penn, at the makeshift camp for earthquake survivors in the Petionville Golf Club in Port-au-Prince. Women, girls and children as young as 2 years old, already traumatized by the loss of homes and loved ones in Haiti’s earthquake, now are falling victim to rapists in sprawling and unmanageable tent cities that have become home to hundreds of thousands of people. (AP Photo/Andres Leighton)
In this photo taken March 14, 2010, two women walk toward the field hospital run by the Jenkins-Penn Haiti Relief Operation, as UN peacekeepers from Pakistan arrive to provide security for the visit of U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, at the makeshift camp for earthquake survivors in the Petionville Golf Club in Port-au-Prince. Women, girls and children as young as 2 years old, already traumatized by the loss of homes and loved ones in Haiti’s earthquake, now are falling victim to rapists in sprawling and unmanageable tent cities that have become home to hundreds of thousands of people. (AP Photo/Andres Leighton)
In this photo taken March 12, 2010, a 21-year-old woman who doesn’t want to be identified speaks with The Associated Press in Port-au-Prince. Women, girls and children as young as 2 years old, already traumatized by the loss of homes and loved ones in Haiti’s earthquake, now are falling victim to rapists in sprawling and unmanageable tent cities that have become home to hundreds of thousands of people. “They grabbed me, put their hands over my mouth and then the three of them took turns”, said the woman who was raped by three men while she went to use the toilet into the darkness of a makeshift tent camp. (AP Photo/Andres Leighton)
In this photo taken March 14, 2010, Allison Thompson, a volunteer doctor from California, gives a present to a Haitian girl outside the field hospital run by the Jenkins-Penn Haiti Relief Operation, led by US actor Sean Penn, at the makeshift camp for earthquake survivors in the Petionville Golf Club in Port-au-Prince. Women, girls and children as young as 2 years old, already traumatized by the loss of homes and loved ones in Haiti’s earthquake, now are falling victim to rapists in sprawling and unmanageable tent cities that have become home to hundreds of thousands of people. (AP Photo/Andres Leighton)
A woman combs her hair outside her tent at a makeshift camp for earthquake survivors in Port-au-Prince, Tuesday, March 16, 2010. Women, girls and children as young as 2 years old, already traumatized by the loss of homes and loved ones in Haiti’s earthquake, now are falling victim to rapists in sprawling and unmanageable tent cities that have become home to hundreds of thousands of people. (AP Photo/Ramon Espinosa)
When the young woman needed to use the toilet, she went out into the darkened tent camp and was attacked by three men.
“They grabbed me, put their hands over my mouth and then the three of them took turns,” the slender 21-year-old said, wriggling with discomfort as she nursed her baby girl, born three days before Haiti’s devastating quake.
“I am so ashamed. We’re scared people will find out and shun us,” said the woman, who suffers from abdominal pain and itching, likely from an infection contracted during the attack.
Women and children as young as 2, already traumatized by the loss of homes and loved ones in the Jan. 12 catastrophe, are now falling victim to rapists in the sprawling tent cities that have become home to hundreds of thousands of people.
With no lighting and no security, they are menacing places after sunset. Sexual assaults are daily occurrences in the biggest camps, aid workers say - and most attacks go unreported because of the shame, social stigma and fear of reprisals from attackers.
Rape was a big problem in Haiti even before the earthquake and frequently was used as a political weapon in times of upheaval. Both times the first democratically elected president, Jean-Bertrand Aristide, was ousted, his enemies assassinated his male supporters and raped their wives and daughters.
But the quake that killed an estimated 200,000 people has made women and girls ever more vulnerable. They have lost their homes and are forced to sleep in flimsy tents or tarp-covered lean-tos. They’ve lost male protection with the deaths of husbands, brothers and sons. And they are living in close quarters with strangers.
The 21-year-old said her family has received no food aid because the Haitian men handing out coupons for food distribution demand sexual favors.
Sex-for-food is not uncommon in the camps, said a report issued Tuesday by the Interuniversity Institute for Research and Development in Haiti. “In particular, young girls have to negotiate sexually in order to get shelter from the rains and access to food aid.”
At the camp on Monday where the young mother was gang-raped, a woman in shorts tried to bathe discreetly. Stripped to her waist, she faced her blue tarp tent, her back to the rows of other shelters.
Nearby, a teenage girl squatted behind a pile of garbage, trying to avoid the stench and clouds of flies around tarp-covered latrines that provide the only privacy, but also are places where women are attacked.
In this camp, some 47,000 people live crowded into what used to be a sports ground in a neighborhood that always has been dangerous. Residents include a dozen escaped prisoners, among them a man accused of a notorious murder, according to Fritznel Pierre, a human rights advocate who lives at the camp.
“But nobody says anything because they’re scared, scared of the criminals and scared of the police,” he said.
Pierre has documented three other gang rapes in the camp, including of a 17-year-old who says she was a virgin before six men attacked her and raped her repeatedly.
“I really worry about the teenager because she has no one to look out for her. She says she sees her attackers but is afraid to report them because she would then have to leave the camp and she has nowhere to go,” Pierre said.
Investigators for Human Rights Watch reported the first three gang rapes to U.N. officials. Then, two weeks later, on Feb. 27, the 21-year-old mother was gang-raped.
Only a week later did U.N. police officers begin patrolling.
“For me it seems completely bizarre that for this one camp that everyone knows is unsafe, it’s taken them three weeks to get a patrol going,” said Liesl Gerntholtz, executive director of the agency’s women’s rights division. “It’s unrealistic to expect patrols in camps all the time, but I think they can identify hotspots and provide security to those spots.”
Pierre complained that the U.N. patrols are ineffective. “They only drive their cars down the one road that covers only a small portion of the camp. They never get out of their cars,” he said.
In the hilltop suburb of Petionville, where plush mansions look out over slums on hillsides and in ravines, a 7-year-old rape victim was being treated Monday in the hospital of a tent camp set up on a golf course. Another child, a 2-year-old, had been raped in the same camp two weeks earlier.
The toddler is taking antibiotics for a gonorrhea infection of the mouth, according to Alison Thompson, who is the volunteer medical coordinator for a Haitian relief group created by Sean Penn. She helped treat both children.
“Women aren’t being protected,” Thompson said. “So when the lights go down is when the rapes increase, and it’s happening daily in all the camps in Port-au-Prince.”
Besides sexually transmitted diseases and pregnancy, victims face possible HIV infection. Haiti has the highest infection rate for the virus that causes AIDS in the Western hemisphere, with one in 50 people infected.
Among the many rape victims is an 18-year-old girl who lost her parents, grandmother, a sister and three cousins to the quake. She was roaming the streets distraught when a man approached her, promising her his wife would look after her, she said.
The middle-aged man took her to a house, then left and came back with two men. The three raped her repeatedly until she managed to escape.
The teen is among dozens of rape victims who have sought help from KOFAVIV, a group of Haitian women who survived political rapes in 2004. Their offices were destroyed in the quake and they now operate from a tent.
They brought the victims to American volunteer lawyers who came to Port-au-Prince a week ago to identify Haitians who may qualify for humanitarian parole to live in the United States.
“I’ve been here five days and have spoken to 30 (rape) survivors including a dozen under 18. Their stories are horrific. I would be catatonic,” said San Francisco lawyer Jayne Fleming.
Few rapes are reported because women often face humiliating scrutiny from police officers who suggest they invited the attacks and even nurses who contend young girls were “too hot” in their dress style, according to Delva Marie Eramithe, a KOFAVIV leader.
Her own 18-year-old daughter was saved from an attacker who dragged the girl into a dark alley between tents at the downtown camp sprawling across Champs de Mars plaza. The assailant did not see the teen’s three sisters, who had been walking behind her, and all four of them managed to beat him and run him off.
Soon after, he returned to their tent with three other men and a gun, Eramithe said.
While a male neighbor argued with the men, Eramithe and her daughters went to a nearby police station to report the attempted rape.
“We told them the man who attacked her was right there at our tent, just two blocks away,” Eramithe said. “But one policeman said they had received reports of nothing but raping, thefts and domestic beatings all day and there’s nothing they can do. The other police officer said the only person who can do anything is President (Rene) Preval.”
When she insisted, they gave her the license plate of a police van patrolling the camp perimeter. Eventually she found the patrol car but that officer “told us to go and get the attacker and bring him to them.”
Police spokesman Gary Desrosiers said only 24 rapes have been reported to Haitian authorities this year. Several suspects were detained, but many escaped when prisons collapsed in the quake, he said.
Police Chief Mario Andresol blamed the attacks on the more than 7,000 prisoners who escaped. “Bandits are taking advantage to harass and rape women and young girls under the tents,” he told reporters two weeks after the quake.
“We are aware of problem ... but it’s not a priority,” Information Minister Marie-Laurence Jocelyn Lassegue said last month.
Haitian police officers with stations minutes from some of the largest camps do not patrol - a fact that spokesman Desrosiers blames on the loss of dozens of officers killed in the quake, as well as scores who remain missing and more than 250 who were injured.
Still, that leaves some 9,600 Haitian police officers and 2,000 U.N. police officers.
The first signs of action came when U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon arrived Sunday, and a contingent of female U.N. and Haitian police officers set up a tent at the camp.
Ban promised the camps will be “safe and secure.”
He praised the security offered by Haitian and U.N. police and told the women officers: “We must protect these women and girls. ... If they are sexually abused and attacked and raped, that is totally unacceptable and intolerable, and we must stop it.”
On Monday, a man with a bullhorn was at the camp during a food distribution, saying “We don’t want men raping women, do we?”
No, the women waiting in line yelled back.
Still, the fear was palpable among the most vulnerable. The 18-year-old orphaned rape victim was nervous about the time, even though it was only mid-afternoon.
“I have to find somewhere to sleep, near some people who might help me if there’s trouble,” she said.
“It scares me, the way the men look at me, and they know I’m all alone.”
Associated Press Television News reporter Pierre Richard Luxama contributed to this report.
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Savers Bank Promotes Elaine Stone to Vice President of Human Resources
on July 5, 2017 in General, Press Releases by Amanda Simpson
Southbridge, MA— Savers Bank announced at the annual meeting held on April 10, 2017 the promotion of Elaine Stone to Vice President of Human Resources. Stone, who joined Savers Bank in 2006, will continue to be responsible for the overall administration of the human resource functions at the bank, including recruitment, compensation, payroll, benefits, employee relations, employment law and related compliance, and policy development.
“Attracting and developing the best employee talent goes hand-in-hand with our commitment to service excellence.” said Joe Coderre, President & CEO of Savers Bank. “Elaine has played a critical role leading key initiatives to recruit and retain top talent as well as developing and implementing systems and programs to assist employees throughout their employment.”
Elaine resides in Webster, MA and holds a Bachelor’s of Science degree in Business Administration from Worcester State College. She also enjoys her involvement with the Annual United Way Day of Caring and the Meals on Wheels programs she participates in through Savers Bank.
Savers Bank is a full service community bank with offices in Southbridge, Uxbridge, Auburn, Grafton, Charlton, and Sturbridge. Savers Bank is a member of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), the Federal Home Loan Bank, the Co-operative Central Bank, and Massachusetts Bankers Association. Founded in 1910, Savers Bank has assets of over $500 million, offers a full range of consumer and commercial banking services, and a strong legacy of community commitment and customer service.
Savers Bank Promotes Rosemary Picard to Chief Operating Officer
Southbridge, MA— Savers Bank announced at the annual meeting held on April 10, 2017 the promotion of Rosemary Picard to Chief Operating Officer. Picard, who joined Savers Bank in 2014, will oversee all aspects of banking operations while maintaining her role as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer and will continue to report Joe Coderre, President & CEO of Savers Bank“Rosemary is a strong member of the Savers Bank executive team and we’re excited for her to now serve as the Chief Operating Officer in addition to her CFO role with the company,” said Joe Coderre, President & CEO of Savers Bank. “Her expertise and leadership have been invaluable and look forward to her insight as COO as we position Savers Bank to be the leading community bank of Central Massachusetts.”
In her expanded role, Rosemary will oversee the executive team responsible for Operations, Retail Banking, Marketing and Information Technology and will proactively drive industry leading practices to ensure customers receive the latest in financial solutions that are available.
Prior to joining Savers Bank, Rosemary served as Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer for Dean Bank. She was also a Senior Accountant for Piccerelli, Gilstein, & Co, LLP located in Providence, RI.
Rosemary graduated with honors from University of Massachusetts Dartmouth with a Bachelor of Science degree in Accounting. She is an active member of the Massachusetts Society of Certified public Accountants, the Boston chapter of the Financial Managers Society and serves on the board of New Hope. Rosemary resides in Hopkinton with her husband and Son.
For more information call 1-800-649-3036, visit their website at www.saversbank.com, or find them on Facebook at http://www.facebook.com/SaversBank
Savers Bank Supports Blackstone Valley Tech
Southbridge, MA— Savers Bank recently presented Blackstone Valley Tech with a donation of $3,500 to support their student offsite work program. The donation specifically will be used to support the transportation vehicle used by the students that will shuttle them to and from job sites throughout Grafton, Douglas, Uxbridge, Whitinsville and other local communities. The worksites are part of the student’s curriculum and provides for valuable hands-on and real-world experiences assisting area residents, municipalities and service organizations while at the same time empowering them to make meaningful community contributions.
Blackstone Valley Tech for over 50 years has been dedicated to educating students on exciting career opportunities through various pathways in the Service, Technology and Construction vocations. “Savers Bank is committed to helping today’s youth and those agencies that offer the education and services necessary to guide them to success as adults. Blackstone Valley Tech is an outstanding example of how combining academic and on the job experience prepares students for the next steps after graduation said Joe Coderre, President and CEO of Savers Bank.”
Savers Bank is a full service community bank with offices in Southbridge, Uxbridge, Auburn, Grafton, Charlton, and Sturbridge. Savers Bank is a member of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), the Federal Home Loan Bank, the Co-operative Central Bank, and Massachusetts Bankers Association. Founded in 1910, Savers Bank has assets of over $475 million, offers a full range of consumer and commercial banking services, and a strong legacy of community commitment and customer service. For more information call 1-800-649-3036, visit their website at www.saversbank.com, or find them on Facebook.
Savers Bank Offers Assistance to Homebuyers Through FHLBank Boston Program
Southbridge, MA (April 19, 2019) — Savers Bank has been selected to participate in Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston’s (FHLBank Boston) Housing Our Workforce (HOW) program.
Launched this year, HOW provides assistance to FHLBank Boston financial institution members to help local homebuyers earning more than 80 percent and up to 120 percent of the area median income with down payments on owner-occupied primary residences.
The $2 million program offers a two-to-one match of down payments made at the time of purchase by eligible homebuyers. Borrowers can receive up to $20,000 in assistance on a first-come, first-served basis.
“Many homeownership programs are designed to assist lower-income individuals and families. It is often challenging for those in a slightly higher income range to afford housing, particularly in communities where home prices are escalating. With this program, a greater number of borrowers who are incredibly important to the economic well-being of our communities will be able to achieve homeownership,” said John Fearing, Sr. Vice President and Chief Lending Officer, Savers Bank.
Savers Bank is eligible to receive up to $100,000 in 2019 through Housing Our Workforce depending on availability of funds.
To learn more about applying for assistance, please contact one of our dedicated Residential Lending Specialist, Lisa Birtz at 877-247-1815 or Dan Kirschner at 877-247-1816.
About FHLBank Boston
The Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston is a cooperatively owned wholesale bank for housing finance in the six New England states. Its mission is to provide highly reliable wholesale funding and liquidity to its member financial institutions in New England. The Bank also develops and delivers competitively priced financial products, services, and expertise that support housing finance, community development, and economic growth, including programs targeted to lower-income households.
LPL Financial Welcomes Savers Bank
CHARLOTTE, N.C., Feb. 21, 2019 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- LPL Financial LLC, a leading retail investment advisory firm and independent broker-dealer, today announced that Savers Investment Services (Savers), the investment program offered at Savers Bank, has joined LPL Financial’s broker-dealer and corporate registered investment advisor (RIA) platforms. Savers reported having served about $100 million of client brokerage and advisory assets*. The program joins from Infinex.
Savers Bank is based in Southbridge, Mass., with six locations throughout the state. The bank focuses on simplifying banking by providing clients with better service and better solutions. The investment program supports that goal, offering wealth management that evaluates risk, current financial demands and future investment planning for their clients. Peter Kaslauskas, the investment executive and sole financial advisor at Savers, along with office support from Liisa Locurto, believes in establishing strong relationships and developing long-term cooperative efforts in his clients’ financial planning.
“I work closely with my clients to determine the best investment strategies that address their unique financial goals,” Kaslauskas said. “I needed a broker-dealer and partner that can help me best facilitate those relationships. LPL offers advanced tools and resources to help me reach new clients and deepen existing relationships. LPL provides advantages because of their scale and expertise in this space along with the stability to support us for the long run. The combination of these things can help our program grow in the ways we see possible."
“We welcome Peter and Savers Bank to the LPL family,” said Craig Kamis, LPL Financial executive vice president, Institutional Business Development. “Wealth management programs can be a vital part to the overall health of any bank or credit union. We strive to support institutions in their ability to build deeper, more meaningful relationships with their clients through the delivery of financial advice through their program. We understand the opportunity that exists for programs, their clients and the institution overall, and are committed to providing the support, resources and ongoing investments into the capabilities that will help them succeed.”
More information about Savers Investment Services can be found on their website Saversbank.com.
Read about other firms that recently joined LPL in the News and Media section of LPL.com.
LPL Financial is a leader in the retail financial advice market and the nation’s largest independent broker-dealer**. We serve independent financial advisors and financial institutions, providing them with the technology, research, clearing and compliance services, and practice management programs they need to create and grow thriving practices. LPL enables them to provide objective guidance to millions of American families seeking wealth management, retirement planning, financial planning and asset management solutions. LPL.com
Securities and advisory services are offered through LPL Financial (LPL), a registered investment advisor and broker-dealer (member FINRA/SIPC). Insurance products are offered through LPL or its licensed affiliates. Savers Bank is not registered as a broker-dealer or investment advisor. Registered representatives of LPL offer products and services using Savers Investment Services, and may also be employees of Savers Bank. These products and services are being offered through LPL or its affiliates, which are separate entities from, and not affiliates of, Savers Bank or Savers Investment Services.
Securities and insurance offered through LPL or its affiliates are not insured Savers Bank deposits and are not FDIC insured. These products are not obligations of Savers Bank and are not endorsed, recommended or guaranteed by Savers Bank or any government agency. The value of the investment may fluctuate, the return on the investment is not guaranteed, and loss of principal is possible.
*Based on prior business and represents assets that would have been custodied at LPL Financial, rather than third-party custodians. Reported assets have not been independently and fully verified by LPL Financial.
**Based on total revenues, Financial Planning magazine June 1996-2018
LPL Financial, Savers Bank and Savers Investment Services are separate entities.
Savers Bank Hires Four New Team Members
Savers Bank is pleased to announce the hiring of their new team members. The four; Alan P. Melidossian, Nancy Turney, Lauren Hand, Melissa A.D. Masse. They will be filling a variety of roles and positions in the community bank.
Melidossian, hired as the Vice President of Marketing in the beginning of 2016, worked for Bank of America for over 20 years before moving on to Bank Rhode Island and then Dexter Credit Union. The Roger Williams College graduate is “looking forward to working with a bank that values the community and employees who are dedicated to providing superior products and service to customers.” The Rhode Island resident is looking forward to providing creative marketing initiatives to set Savers Bank apart from the competition.
Turney, hired in November of 2015, as the Human Resource Administrator, lives in Auburn with her husband Douglas and her two Maltese mix dogs Papi & Lola. She has worked in various roles in Human Resources for over 20 years. During that time she also served as the Assistant Town Treasurer/Benefits Administrator of Auburn, and worked as a contractor for the National Guard from 2009-2010. “My short time here at Savers Bank has been very enjoyable and a learning experience” says Turney, “The team at Savers Bank has been nothing short of Simply Better.” She has several certifications from NEHRA, and is a certified Paralegal as well.
Hand, is returning to Savers Bank after a short break. Having previously worked with the Savers team for 11 years, she is a graduate of UMass, and is returning to the team to fill a Marketing Designer role. A Sturbridge resident with her husband Nate, and two children, Sophie and Grayson, she has always felt a strong connection to the local bank. “Savers Bank has always been like a second family to me. Due to family medical issues, I had to take a short break from working at the bank” Hand explains. “I am very happy to be back working in Marketing and am excited about the direction the bank is heading. We have a great team at Savers Bank and I’m very fortunate to be a part of it again.” She also owns and is the producer of EnVision Productions, founded in 1999.
Masse, hired in August of 2015, has over 20 years of banking experience. The majority of her experience came from her work at Monson Savings Bank. She began her banking career with SIS Bank. A Certified Electronic Banking Officer, her experience will be a valuable asset to the Savers team as they increase their Electronic Services. Masse says “I’m excited to lead my team into the world of Electronic Services and all it offers!” She resides in Three Rivers, with her husband David, and her daughters, Emma and Grace.
Three New Members Join the Savers Bank Team
Savers Bank announces the hiring of three new team members who will fill a variety of important roles within the institution. Each person brings a superior level of banking experience to help grow the Savers Bank brand and expand on the present relationships. The three: Barbara A. Medberry, Amanda E. Simpson, and Ashley Long.
Medberry, accepted the position of Branch Manager at the Uxbridge branch. She comes to Savers Bank with many years of retail banking experience. Her most recent role was as Branch Operations Manager and Bank Secrecy Officer at Dexter Credit Union in RI. Medberry lives in Warwick, RI with her husband David, and two sons, Eric and Mark. In speaking of her new position Medberry says, “I am proud to be working for a company that is known as a strong financial institution, has a solid mission statement, and that received a 5 Star Superior Rating by Bauer Financial,”. As for her goals for the Uxbridge branch, she says “as a new member of the community, I want to support the town of Uxbridge and its neighboring towns. I want spread the word about all the great services Savers Bank offers to both local businesses and households to help develop positive customer relationships.”
Simpson, hired recently as the Marketing Coordinator, lives in North Scituate, RI with her husband, Jared. Her banking career began in 2002 at Citizens Bank and most recently Dexter Credit Union where she held several management positions within retail banking. Her varying roles within banking will allow her to bring a unique perspective to the marketing team and assist in building brand recognition for Savers Bank. When asked about her new role at Savers Bank Simpson says, “My goal is to increase the awareness of the Savers Bank brand and aid in the development of new technology to make banking easier for our customers and expand our brand beyond its current market.
Long, is a new hire and will be working as a teller in the Grafton branch. She graduated from the University of Massachusetts at Lowell with a B.A. in History. Long is no stranger to superior customer service, before joining the Savers Bank team she worked for BNY Mellon as Customer Service Representative for Primerica. Currently, Long lives in Whitinsville, MA with her boyfriend Sean. On her new opportunity, Savers’ newest teller says “I am very excited to start working for this amazing bank”.
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Wärtsilä wins biggest ever single owner order for Ballast Water Management Systems
A total of 22 bulk carriers, being built by Yangzhou Guoyu Shipbuilding Co. Ltd in China for Singapore based Pioneer Marine, will feature Wärtsilä Ballast Water Management Systems (BWMS). The Wärtsilä systems will enable the vessels to comply fully with the IMO’s ballast water convention. The contracts were finalised in August.
Each of the 38,000 DWT vessels will be fitted with two Wärtsilä AQUARIUS UV BWMS, and the scope of supply includes also the commissioning and sea trials of the equipment. The contracts thus involve a total of 44 Wärtsilä BWMS units, which represents the biggest ever single owner order to date for any BWMS manufacturer. It is expected that all 44 systems will be delivered before the end of 2015, with the first delivery scheduled for December 2014.
The Wärtsilä Aquarius UV is one of only four systems tested and approved for fresh water operation under the United States Coast Guard’s AMS (Alternative Management System) criteria. This approval was cited as being an important factor in Pioneer Marine’s decision process when selecting a BWMS supplier.
Whilst the IMO’s Ballast Water Management Convention, which will require the owners of up to 40,000 vessels worldwide to install a ballast water management system (BWMS), is still to be ratified, the US Coast Guard (USCG) has already implemented its own legislation. This states that all ships will have to be in compliance with the regulations when sailing in US coastal waters. The intention of the legislation is to address the issue of invasive aquatic species being carried in the ballast water of ships and then discharged to the sea where they can harm local species. Wärtsilä’s AQUARIUS UV systems have been type approved for the IMO regulations.
“When looking for a ballast water treatment manufacturer, we wanted to partner with a company having a global presence and a recognized brand to support their products. It was critical that whomever we chose had a proven history in supporting their products. This is particularly relevant when looking at this piece of equipment as no one yet has USCG type approval, and we felt that with the weight of Wärtsilä behind it this will ensure our equipment complies within the time frame allotted”, says Stuart Crawford, Senior Vice President, Head of Technical, Pioneer Marine Advisers Pte Ltd.
“We experienced a very proactive approach from the project manager during discussions, which eventually led to our choice of manufacturer”, he continues.
“Our shipyard has built a long-term relationship with Wärtsilä that dates back to the first vessel we exported, which used a Wärtsilä main engine. Wärtsilä’s merger with Hamworthy gave access to their Ballast Water Treatment solutions, and we are confident that after technical investigation this equipment will comply with the most stringent regulations. Even though it is a new product promoted by Wärtsilä, considering our long and good relationship with them, we know the company to be a reliable and trustful supplier, and that they will give strong support to the yard. We are sure Wärtsilä and Guoyu Group will have a good and smooth co-operation for this new product and extend the co-operation to a comprehensive platform,” says Annie Dai, Marketing Manager, Guoyu Shipyard.
“This is an important order and is indicative of the growing need for ballast water discharging to be properly managed. These vessels will operate in and around US waters, and it was imperative that the selected BWMS have the appropriate approvals. Wärtsilä has a strong track record in this field, and the components used have been used and thoroughly tested in the marine environment for many years,” says Dr Joe Thomas, Director, Wärtsilä Ballast Water Management Systems.
The bulk carriers are based on the Green Dolphin design, a concept that meets current and anticipated air and water emission regulations.
The Wärtsilä AQUARIUS UV BWMS
The Wärtsilä AQUARIUS® UV BWMS uses a simple two stage process involving filtration and UV irradiation. During uptake, seawater is first passed through a 40 micron backwashing screen to remove particulate, sediment, zooplankton and phytoplankton. Disinfection of the filtered sea water is then carried out using medium pressure UV lamps, and controlled by the BWMS control system. Upon discharge, the filter is by-passed but the ballast water is again disinfected with UV treatment before safe discharge back into the sea. There are 13 distinct Wärtsilä AQUARIUS® UV BWMS standard modules available with capacities ranging from 50 m3/h to 1000 m3/h.
Link to more information about Wärtsilä Ballast Water Management Systems on wartsila.com.
Welcome to visit Wärtsilä at the stand in Hall A4, Booth 305 at the SMM conference and exhibition in Hamburg, Germany.
Photo: 44 Wärtsilä AQUARIUS UV Ballast Water Management Systems will be installed on 22 bulk carriers being built for Pioneer Marine, Singapore.
Dr Joe Thomas
Director, Ballast Water Management Systems
joe.thomas@wartsila.com
Senior Manager Marketing, Communications, Ship Power
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Wärtsilä develops inert gas solution for 17 new LNG Carriers
Daewoo Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering (DSME) in South Korea has contracted Wärtsilä to supply combined inert gas generators and gas combustion units for 17 new LNG Carrier vessels under construction at the company’s yards. The vessels are being built for leading operators in Singapore, Greece, South Korea, Cyprus and Canada. These significant contracts with Wärtsilä were signed in June and September.
These will be the first ever units delivered by Wärtsilä that combine inert gas generators (IGG) and gas combustion units (GCU) with high capacity. The systems have a maximum volume of up to 3800 kg/h, which is sufficient for the industry’s largest LNG carriers. The concept of combining the two systems was developed by Wärtsilä in close cooperation with DSME. The system uses an existing Wärtsilä Moss inert gas generator to burn the boil-off gas, thereby eliminating the need for a conventional gas combustion unit. This results in considerable capital expenditure savings. At the same time, by using the boil-off gas as fuel for creating inert gas, the combined system also provides notable operating cost savings.
The combined IGG-GCU system has a minimal environmental footprint. This is achieved through the replacement of a separate onboard system, and by using the boil-off gas for inert gas generation, which together minimise the extra use of marine diesel oil (MDO) fuel.
“Wärtsilä has a vast depth of experience in supplying advanced gas solutions for marine and offshore applications. These contracts demonstrate our leading position in this field. We appreciate the excellent cooperation with DSME in enabling the development of this combined IGG-GCU system,” says Juha Kytölä, Vice President, Environmental Solutions, Wärtsilä.
“We are pleased to be working on this project with Wärtsilä, a company that we know well and respect. We have every confidence in their ability to provide an efficient, reliable, and safe solution for these vessels,” says NS Kim, Junior Director, DSME.
Wärtsilä has earlier supplied smaller versions of the combined IGG-GCU system since its introduction in 2013. These new Wärtsilä contracts are scheduled to be delivered to the yard commencing in the third quarter of 2016.
Links to related page on wartsila.com:
Wärtsilä Moss Inert Gas Generators for Gas Carriers
Photo: The first ever combined inert gas generator (IGG) and gas combustion units (GCU) having a capacity of up to 3800 kg/h.
Mr David Gunaseelan
General Manager, Inert Gas
Wärtsilä Hamworthy AS
david.gunaseelan@wartsila.com
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Another world’s first for Wärtsilä - wireless charging for hybrid coastal ferry successfully tested
The technology group Wärtsilä has successfully tested its automatic wireless induction charging system on a hybrid powered coastal ferry. This is the first commercial ferry in the world operating with high power wireless charging capability for its batteries, and the successful project represents a notable breakthrough in the evolution of plug-in electrically operated vessels. The tests were carried out on the 85 metre long ‘MF Folgefonn’ in Norwegian waters during the end of August / early September of this year. The ferry is owned by Norled, one of Norway’s largest ferry operators.
Wireless charging eliminates the cable connection between the vessel and shore, thereby securing and facilitating safe connections and disconnections. It also reduces maintenance since wear and tear to physical connection lines is eliminated. The integrated Wärtsilä system is based on inductive power transfer and is capable of transferring more than a MW of electrical energy.
The Wärtsilä system is designed to maintain efficient power transfer at distances of 50 centimetres between the two charging plates built into the side of the vessel and the quay. No other wireless charging system is as powerful, or capable of maintaining the transfer of energy at such a distance.
“During recent years, wireless charging has been introduced for cars, busses and trains. We have now made this possible for marine vessels. The main benefits for customers are up to 20 percent more utilisation of the available charging time, increased operational safety, and greater system reliability. There is an ongoing trend to equip coastal ferries with battery powered and hybrid propulsion since they are particularly affected by environmental regulatory demands. Wireless charging will, therefore, create considerable value for operators of hybrid ferries,” says Ingve Sørfonn, Senior Technical Officer E&A, Wärtsilä Marine Solutions.
“For Wärtsilä, this wireless charging revolution focuses on coastal ferries, a segment of the transportation industry that is well-suited to the technology because of short stop-and-go schedules. The wireless charger is an innovative and value adding new part of our hybrid solutions offering, which we shall continue to develop further in line with the needs of our customers,” says Cato Esperø, Sales Director, Wärtsilä Norway.
The project has been partly funded by Innovation Norway, a Norwegian funding institution.
Photo: Wärtsilä’s wireless charging system is the first in the world to operate successfully with a coastal ferry.
Mr Ingve Sørfonn
Senior Technical Officer, Electrical & Automation
ingve.sorfonn@wartsila.com
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Best Foot Forward for London Fashion Week
21 Sep Best Foot Forward for London Fashion Week
London is always an exciting place to be but since we’re in the midst of Fashion Week here in our capital I think we should all know what to expect.
There are 78 designers set to showcase their SS16 collections over the show dates, running from 17th – 22nd September. Of these 52 will be catwalk shows with the other 26 holding presentations.
There’s a new venue, Brewer Street Car Park which will showcase collections from more than 150 designers. The central LFW venue will take up two floors of the venue, with the BFC Show Space and the Designer Showrooms.
There is also going to be a Topshop pop-up located within the retailers Oxford Street store, which will feature a dedicated screening area for the Unique SS16 show.
For Fashion Week alone 5,000 visitors are expected to attend, including buyers, journalists, bloggers, broadcast crews and photographers and these attendees will hail from no less than 71 countries.
So if you’re walking through the streets of London this week be sure to pop on your best outfit and get ready for the rest of the world to see how Londoners lead the way in the fashion world.
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Maryhill Schoolchildren Become ‘Citizen Scientists’ for the Day to Tackle Litter on the Forth & Clyde Canal
By Scottish Waterways Trust 05 February 2015
Schoolchildren from St Charles Primary School in Maryhill donned high vis jackets and gloves and picked up scales, buckets and bird identification sheets today (Thursday 5th February) as they embarked on an innovative new science-based project tackling litter on the Forth & Clyde Canal in Glasgow.
The Primary Four and Five schoolchildren from St Charles Primary School became ‘Citizen Scientists’ for the morning as part of Scottish Waterway Trust’s Cleaner Canal Science project designed to take a scientific approach to challenging littering and flytipping behaviour on the historic waterway.
Through the three month Cleaner Canal Science project, which has been funded by a £46,040 grant from the Zero Waste Scotland Litter & Flytipping Innovation Fund, Scottish Waterways Trust will work with the Glasgow Science Festival (University of Glasgow) and schoolchildren, local businesses and community groups to develop a new scientific approach to analysing litter.
Through the project, it is hoped that everyone will gain a deeper understanding of the root causes of local littering, its direct impact on waterway wildlife and their own responsibilities.
Working with the team from Glasgow Science Festival today, the schoolchildren began the project by spotting and sampling litter on the canal in the same way as a biologist would carry out a wildlife survey, recording ‘species’ of litter they found.
Over the next few months, the schoolchildren from St Charles Primary School and St Mary’s Primary School in Maryhill and Kilbowie Primary School in Clydebank will join local businesses and community volunteers for citizen scientist sessions onboard a floating classroom barge.
Afloat the Cleaner Canal Science barge, the budding scientists will work with the project co-ordinator and the Glasgow Science Festival team learning how to record and analyse the source and type of rubbish they find and its impact on the environment and habitats of the waterway.
All the citizen scientists will then write up their findings in a report, which will then feed into a comprehensive study created in conjunction with the Glasgow Science Festival (University of Glasgow), Zero Waste Scotland, SEPA and Scottish Canals.
This is really imaginative project, which Zero Waste Scotland is pleased to support, aiming to engage young people in using scientific methods and at the same time helping them to see the impact of litter in their area. Litter has many negative impacts on communities and habitats across Scotland, and we need as much involvement from young people as possible in helping to tackle the problem.
Iain Gulland, Chief Executive of Zero Waste Scotland
As part of the project, the schools will also work with an artist, using some of the litter they have collected to make a piece of art sculpture which will go on display onboard the travelling barge.
It is hoped that the new citizen science model created by the Cleaner Canal Science project will be replicable across the country and will, over time, lead to a longer term and more sustainable effect on behaviour and the prevention of litter.
Businesses involved include Tesco in Maryhill and Asda and McDonalds in Clydebank. Community groups include Lambhill Stables and Friends of Possilpark.
Tracey Peedle, Development Director at Scottish Waterways Trust, explains: “Littering and flytipping has a negative effect upon Scotland’s canals, polluting our beautiful waterways and posing a threat to local wildlife. Our previous projects challenging littering behaviour have proved very successful; in the past year alone volunteers have spent 76 days helping clear our canals of litter and debris.
“We are delighted to be able to work with Glasgow Science Festival (University of Glasgow), Zero Waste Scotland, SEPA and Scottish Canals on this exciting and innovative new project. The project aims not only to connect with local communities in the way that previous projects have but also to create a pioneering new model which can used all over the country to better understand and, in turn, challenge the problem of litter.”
Iain Gulland, Chief Executive, Zero Waste Scotland, said: “This is really imaginative project, which Zero Waste Scotland is pleased to support, aiming to engage young people in using scientific methods and at the same time helping them to see the impact of litter in their area. Litter has many negative impacts on communities and habitats across Scotland, and we need as much involvement from young people as possible in helping to tackle the problem.”
Dr Deborah McNeill, Director of Glasgow Science Festival added: “By applying the same principles a biologist would use for wildlife surveys to litter surveys, we’re tackling the issue of waste management in an exciting new way.
“This is a fantastic opportunity to engage the whole community – from local children and community groups to businesses – in hands-on, collaborative science. Only by working together will we achieve our aim of making the environment a better place for everyone. We look forward to working closely with Scottish Waterways Trust and partners over the coming months.”
Olivia Lassiere, Heritage and Environmental Manager at Scottish Canals, concluded: “Scotland’s canals are special places that are home to a diverse range of habitats and wildlife. Whilst the vast majority of the millions of visitors who come to the waterways each year use them responsibly, a minority engages in littering and this can have damaging effects on the environment, their wildlife and habitats.
“We’re delighted to support this innovative project which, with the help of the local community and our partners, will help us to better understand and reduce littering on Scotland’s canals, decrease the risks posed to wildlife, contribute to Scotland’s Zero Waste Strategy and safeguard the unique environmental resources of the waterways for everyone to enjoy.”
Issued on behalf of Scottish Waterways Trust
Scottish Waterways Trust (SWT)
SWT creates brighter futures for people, wildlife and communities along Scotland’s canals
By connecting people with the heritage, wildlife and green open spaces of the Scottish canals, SWT inspires people to get active, improve their health and mental well-being, employment prospects and community life.
• These projects, which connect people with the built, natural and cultural heritage of the canals, help people make positive changes to their life whilst also improving and enhancing their canalside environment.
Scottish Canals is responsible to the Scottish Government for the management and development of five Scottish canals as well as the surrounding estate and The Falkirk Wheel
The Forth & Clyde, Union and Monkland Canals in the Lowlands, the Crinan Canal in Argyll and the Caledonian Canal in the Highlands, together extend over 137 miles from coast to coast, across country and into the cities of Edinburgh, Glasgow and Inverness
Built two hundred years ago to fire the Industrial Revolution, today the canals contribute to the Scottish Government agenda of developing a Greener; Healthier; Smarter; Safer and Stronger; and Wealthier and Fairer Scotland by acting as a catalyst for sustainable economic development, regeneration and tourism; contributing to education, biodiversity, heritage and promoting active living and healthier lifestyles
The Forth & Clyde, Union, Monkland, Caledonian and Crinan Canals are recognised as Scheduled Monuments and attract 22million visitations per year.
Glasgow Science Festival (GSF)
GSF engages people of all ages and backgrounds with science, through innovative events in non-traditional venues.
The main Glasgow Science Festival runs every June and reaches 40-50,000 people in venues across the city.
GSF allows the public to explore everything from astronomy to zoology, through shows, hands-on activities, family days, film, art, exhibitions, comedy and more.
By taking science out of the laboratory and into the city GSF provides a platform for scientists to showcase their research in the West of Scotland.
In addition to the main event in June, GSF delivers a number of community-science based projects throughout the year as well as public engagement skills-training and support for researchers.
Websites (opens in a new Window)
Scottish Waterway Trust's Cleaner Canal Science
Zero Waste Scotland
Glasgow Science Festival
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Claims of Copyright Infringement & Related Issues (17 USC § 512 et seq.)
a) Identification of the copyrighted work that you claim has been infringed, or, if multiple copyrighted works at a single online site are covered by a single notification, a representative list of such works at the site;
b) Identification of the material that you claim is infringing and needs to be removed, including a description of where it is located so that the copyright agent can locate it;
c) Your address, telephone number, and, if available, e-mail address, so that the copyright agent may contact you about your complaint; and
d) A signed statement that the above information is accurate; that you have a good faith belief that the identified use of the material is not authorized by the copyright owner, its agent, or the law; and, under penalty of perjury, that you are the copyright owner or are authorized to act on the copyright owner's behalf in this situation.
a) A physical or electronic signature of the poster;
b) Identification of the material that has been removed or to which access has been disabled and the location at which the material appeared before it was removed or access to it was disabled;
c) A statement under penalty of perjury that you have a good faith belief that the material was removed or disabled as a result of mistake or misidentification;
d) Your name, address, and telephone number; a statement that you consent to the jurisdiction of federal district court for the judicial district in which your address is located, or if your address is outside of the U.S., for any judicial district in which the service provider may be found; and that you will accept service of process from the complainant.
Mailing Address for notices
Attention: DMCA Designated Agent -Designated Agent Name
Designated Agent Email Address
This information should not be construed as legal advice. We recommend you seek independent legal counsel before filing a notification or counter-notification. For further information about the DMCA, please visit the website of the United States Copyright Office at: http://www.copyright.gov/.
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AYA BATRAWY
Qatar emir names new prime minister from within royal court
DUBAI, United Arab Emirates (AP) — Qatar's ruling emir accepted the resignation of the country's prime minister on Tuesday and appointed in his place another...
Questions linger over investigation into Jeff Bezos’ hacking
DUBAI, United Arab Emirates (AP) — Cybersecurity experts said Thursday there were still many unanswered questions from an investigation commissioned by Jeff Bezos that concluded...
Saudi crown prince’s WhatsApp linked to Bezos phone hack
DUBAI, United Arab Emirates (AP) — The cellphone of Amazon founder and Washington Post owner Jeff Bezos was hacked in what appeared to be an...
US says its pavilion at Expo 2020 in Dubai sponsored by UAE
DUBAI, United Arab Emirates (AP) — The United States said its participation at this year's World's Fair in Dubai is being made possible by “the...
Iran announces arrests over downing of plane that killed 176
TEHRAN, Iran (AP) — Iran said Tuesday that authorities have made arrests for the accidental shootdown of a Ukrainian passenger plane, which killed all 176...
High-gear diplomacy aims to avert U.S., Iran conflict
DUBAI, United Arab Emirates (AP) — A flurry of diplomatic visits and meetings crisscrossing the Persian Gulf have driven urgent efforts in recent days to...
Japan’s Abe meets Saudi king amid threats in Persian Gulf VIEW
RIYADH, Saudi Arabia (AP) — Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe was in Saudi Arabia for talks with King Salman on Sunday as part of a...
Aramco’s ‘greenshoe option’ pushes IPO to record $29.4B
DUBAI, United Arab Emirates (AP) — Saudi Arabian oil giant Aramco announced Sunday that its initial public offering raised a record $29.4 billion, a figure...
New Oman ruler vows to uphold late sultan’s peaceful policy VIEW
DUBAI, United Arab Emirates (AP) — Oman's new ruler, Sultan Haitham bin Tariq Al Said, vowed Saturday to uphold his predecessor Sultan Qaboos bin Said's...
On streets of Tehran, relief for now at no wider conflict VIEW
TEHRAN, Iran (AP) — Iranian newspapers proclaimed the country's attack on U.S. forces in Iraq to be "a dark night for Americans," and Washington's "first...
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Adam Jude
Russell Wilson on Doug Baldwin’s Seahawks legacy: ‘He’s going to be remembered forever here’
Seahawks quarterback Russell Wilson works out as the Seattle Seahawks hold organized team activities at the Virginia Mason Athletic Center in Renton Tuesday May 21, 2019. (Bettina Hansen / The Seattle Times)
RENTON — Russell Wilson was asked to ponder Doug Baldwin’s future Tuesday after the Seahawks’ first organized team activity (OTA) open to the media in 2019.
“You know,” Wilson said, “I don’t want to limit the guy. So that’s hard for me to say.”
The Seahawks quarterback had much more to say about his successful past with Baldwin, one of the most productive wide receivers in franchise history who announced his apparent retirement earlier this month.
Seahawks MLB Bobby Wagner says his plan is to become the highest-paid linebacker in the NFL
“Definitely going to miss him and his leadership,” Wilson said in his first public comments since Baldwin’s departure. “He’s one of a kind. Hopefully the next guy can step up, but it’s hard to follow his role and everything else. But he showed a lot of guys the way, and that’s a great thing for us.”
Baldwin finished his Seahawks career with 6,563 yards receiving and 49 touchdown receptions.
“Doug has arguably been one of the best receivers in the National Football League for the past however many years since he came into the league. I’m glad he was on my team and that I got to throw to him every day,” Wilson said. “The thing about Doug is, he was always open. He knew how to create separation. He had this fire you didn’t see in anybody else in a way, in terms of his passion, his love of the game, his love for competing, his love for making plays. When the game’s on the line, he’s going to make a play. …
“He would practice and play hurt when other guys would be sitting out. He knew the game, he studied the game. Nobody worked harder than he did. And he was also a great coach on the field. He really coached the other players, the other wideouts, and also me too. When you think about who he is and what he meant to this organization, what he’s meant to undrafted free agents as well, the level he played at, the execution he played at, the big-time plays — there’s nobody like Doug Baldwin. He’s going to be remembered forever here and across the National Football League.”
Kurt Warner says Seahawks’ Russell Wilson isn’t a top-five NFL QB, and he might be right
What does the future now hold for the Seahawks wide receiver position?
The Seahawks listed 12 receivers on their roster Tuesday for the second OTA workout (the first, Monday, was closed to the media), including the three receivers added in the draft last month: DK Metcalf (second round), Gary Jennings (fourth round) and John Ursua (seventh round).
Metcalf and Ursua worked out Tuesday. Jennings remains sidelined with what Pete Carroll said earlier this month was a minor hamstring injury.
Wilson said he’s optimistic about the competition out wide.
“Obviously, we’re losing an All-Pro-, Pro-Bowl-type player in Doug Baldwin … but Tyler Lockett had a phenomenal year last year. It’s his time to step up again,” Wilson said. “He’s going to have to play a major, major role this year — which, he’s one of the best receivers in the league with the things he can do to separate.”
Metcalf, a 6-foot-4, 229-pound rookie out of Mississippi, gives Wilson a true deep threat out wide.
“He’s a freak of nature,” Wilson said. “He’s a guy who can run as fast as can be. He can go up and get it. He can run all the routes and stuff like that. It’ll be exciting to see his work ethic and his evolution and everything else.”
Anything but pedestrian: The top moments of Doug Baldwin's career
Russell Wilson on DK Metcalf: “He’s a freak of nature.” pic.twitter.com/R5w8OFroyN
— Adam Jude (@A_Jude) May 21, 2019
Adam Jude: ajude@seattletimes.com; on Twitter: @A_Jude. Adam Jude covers the Seattle Seahawks for The Seattle Times.
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New Families to SISD
El Paso Area Information
Parent & Student Engagement
Army Youth Programs in Your Neighborhood
Volunteer After-School Sports Program
Military Family Events
Helpful Resources for Military Families
Special Ed Resources
Free Spanish Classes
Military Grants
Here at Socorro Independent School District, we pride ourselves in providing the best education possible for our students to ensure that their future is as bright as it can be and successful. We also understand the important role that families play in our children's education. This page is dedicated to the new families joining our community.
The Socorro Independent School District is located in the southeastern portion of El Paso County, Texas. We serve the City of Socorro, Horizon City, and the eastern portion of the City of El Paso. In doing so, we cover 136 square miles of El Paso County. The District's northern boundary is the Texas/New Mexico line and its southern boundary is the Rio Grande River. We are part of Texas Education Agency Region 19.
The Socorro District would will like to invite you to a special military family event on Saturday December 7, at 9am at pebble Hills High School. It is our annual movie and breakfast holiday event. Breakfast will be available for the first 50 people with the movie Polar Express showing afterward in the PHHS Theater. Mr. and Mrs. Claus will also be on site to take your pictures. We hope to see our SISD military families at this exclusive military apreciation event. Thank you for your service.
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Edward Sheriff Curtis (American, 1868-1952) Nane-Qagyuhl
Edward Sheriff Curtis (American, 1868-1952)
Nane-Qagyuhl, 1914, a later printing. Titled and copyrighted in the lower margin. Photogravure, image size 7 1/2 x 5 5/8 in. (19.1 x 14.3 cm), framed.
Condition: Not examined out of frame.
N.B. Kwakwaka'wakw, also known as the Kwakiutl, are Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast in what is now British Columbia, specifically along the shores of the waterways between Vancouver Island and the mainland. Their social stratification was primarily based on the inheritance of names and privileges. These privileges included the right to sing certain songs, use certain crests, and wear particular ceremonial masks, all of which determined one's rank within their society. (1) The individual shown here is dressed in a full-body bear costume and served as a guard to the dance house during ceremonies. (2)
1. Kathleen Kuiper, "Kwakiutl," Encyclopedia Britannica, May 4, 2015.
2. Edward Curtis, "Nane - Qagyuhl," The North American Indian, accessed via The Library of Congress.
Leaf from The North American Indian, likely printed on Japanese vellum and affixed to the page at corners.
Leaf size 12 x 9 1/2 inches, vellum size 8 3/4 x 6 1/4 inches, framed dimensions 19 x 15 3/4 inches. Subtle mat burn to leaf, binding residue to left margin, minor tears to left margin where page was unbound, right and lower deckled edges, minor pinprick accretions to leaf, 1 pale narrow linear mark to u.r. quadrant in margin. No issues to vellum.
Edward Sheriff Curtis, Kathleen Kuiper, Nane-Qagyuhl
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ŠKODA AUTO celebrates its 125th anniversary
ŠKODA AUTO was founded in 1895, making it one of the world’s oldest automobile manufacturers still active today.
of ŠKODA AUTO
Anniversary year for ŠKODA AUTO: The car manufacturer celebrates 125 years since its founding and 115 years since the company launched automobile production. Several of the brand’s historically important models are also celebrating jubilees this year.
ŠKODA AUTO CEO Bernhard Maier emphasises: “ŠKODA AUTO is one of the world’s five oldest automobile manufacturers still active today. The courage and ingenuity of the two founders, Václav Laurin and Václav Klement, are the cornerstone of this unique success story and at the same time an obligation and incentive to lead the company towards a prosperous future. This is precisely what we are doing through our Strategy 2025, transforming ŠKODA AUTO from a car manufacturer into a ‘Simply Clever Company for the best mobility solutions’.”
In pursuing this goal, ŠKODA AUTO is continuing along its path towards electromobility in 2020, presenting the series-production version of the VISION iV in the first half of the year. The 125th anniversary of the company’s founding thus also marks the beginning of a new era for the manufacturer: the all-electric SUV is the brand’s first vehicle to be based on the Volkswagen Group’s Modular Electric Platform (MEB). As part of its ongoing product campaign, ŠKODA will be launching 30 new models from 2019 to the end of 2022, more than ten of which will be partially or fully electric.
The company founders Václav Laurin and Václav Klement laid the foundations for ŠKODA’s rise to become an internationally successful car manufacturer in December 1895: the repair and production of bicycles began in the central Bohemian town of Mladá Boleslav. The company named after them, Laurin & Klement (L&K), would soon offer numerous two and three-wheelers in several dozen versions, and the production of motorcycles started in 1899. The technically innovative models soon gained in popularity for example in England, one of the most demanding export markets.
The first Laurin & Klement automobile, the Voiturette A, made its debut as early as 1905. It quickly proved to be a high-quality everyday vehicle with an excellent price-performance ratio. L&K comprehensively expanded its model range and soon also offered high-performance sports and commercial vehicles that would win over drivers around the world. One hundred fifteen years later, the automobile manufacturer is active in more than 100 markets, delivering 1.24 million vehicles to customers worldwide every year.
The basis for the further development of this success story was the 1925 merger of Laurin & Klement and the mechanical engineering group Škoda, which secured the necessary capital for expansion. Since then, the winged arrow has been featured in the brand logo of the vehicles from Mladá Boleslav.
ŠKODA AUTO is celebrating its 125th anniversary in 2020 with numerous activities, campaigns and events for the company’s employees, fans of the brand and automotive enthusiasts. For example, historically significant models will be taking part in driving events in China and India as well as other international markets. A special concert by the world-renowned Czech Philharmonic will be a highlight in the year of festivities. Also, for this anniversary year, ŠKODA is launching an extensive marketing and communication campaign on all the brand's social networks and the company's website, ŠKODA Storyboard, under the slogan 'Driving inventivenes since 1895'.
Throughout the company's history, the Czech and international production sites have built many historically significant ŠKODA models, some of which will be celebrating the anniversary of their world premieres or market launches in 2020: for example, 85 years ago, in 1935, ŠKODA showcased the fascinating ŠKODA 935 Dynamic with its streamlined body.
Sixty years ago, in September 1960, ŠKODA presented the first ŠKODA OCTAVIA COMBI at the International Engineering Fair in Brno, and the elegant 2+2 coupé ŠKODA 110 R made its debut in 1970. The 70th anniversary of factory crew´s 1950 participation in the 24-hour Le Mans in a ŠKODA Sport commemorates ŠKODA AUTO’s long tradition in motorsport.
ŠKODA Heritage
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Hugh Jackman Confirmed For Real Steel, But Is The $80 Million Budget Too Small?
Posted on Monday, November 23rd, 2009 by Peter Sciretta
You might remember back in September that we reported Hugh Jackman as being in talks to star in Shawn Levy‘s futuristic robot boxing movie Real Steel. Variety now confirms that Jackman has indeed signed on to star in the sci-fi sports drama, which will go into production in June 2010 with an $80 million budget.
This will be DreamWorks first greenlit movie following their split from Paramount, and since raising $650 million from both J.P. Morgan Securities and Reliance Big Pictures and an additional $175 million from Disney. But can they make a big sci-fi movie for $80 million? That’s about half to one third of the average big hollywood sci-fi tentpole release now-a-days.
The film tells the story of a father and his estranged 11-year-old son who enter the world of robotic boxing. You see, in the future, human boxing has been outlawed, replaced with sports combat between human-trained 2000-pound heavy steel robots. Levy has described the story as “rousing sports movie”.
Jackman will an ex-fighter who has “to reinvent himself when human boxers are replaced by robots” and finds that he has an 11-year-old son. He decides to become a promoter , but “access to sub-standard robot parts hampers his hopes for glory in Robot Boxing, until he discovers a discarded robot that always seems to win.” He bonds with his son over the robot fights. The concept is something we’ve never seen before on the big screen, and in the right hands, could be a good Summer tentpole film.
Levy recently revealed that the robots in the story aren’t based on what we’ve seen in most movies… They’re not like the Terminator, and not cute like Wall-E. “These are human built, human-scale fighting machines. They are built for human spectacle. People in this movie have gotten bored with human carnage and human violence. So in the quest for more, more, more, this sport has evolved to this.”
Real Steel is based on a short story by Richard Matheson, which was made into a Twilight Zone episode featuring Lee Marvin. DreamWorks initially bought the project, scripted by Dan Gilroy (The Fall), in 2005 for a reported $850,000. It has since been rewritten by Leslie Bohem (Taken, Dante’s Peak) and John Gatins (Summer Catch, Dreamer).
Shawn Levy is best know for directing mediocre or bad comedies, the Night at the Museum series, Cheaper By The Dozen, The Pink Panther, Just Married, and Big Fat Liar. This could mean that the family sci-fi actioner might be redeveloped with more of a comic tone.
Watch: Ryan Reynolds Starts Shilling ‘Free Guy’ Merchandise Before the First Trailer Arrives This Weekend
‘The Message’: Could This Sci-Fi Film Be The Next ‘Arrival’?
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‘Free Guy’ Will Reunite ‘Green Lantern’ Buddy Taika Waititi with Ryan Reynolds
Action/Adventure, Casting, Dreamworks, Sci-Fi, Sports, Hugh-Jackman, Real Steel, Shawn-Levy
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60 Years A' Ethniki
NIVEA MEN Player of the Month
NIVEA MEN Best Goal
el en
Luka Milivojević receives the MVP award of the 8th matchday
The MVP award of the 8th matchday was awarded to Luka Milivojević playing for Olympiacos, who topped the competition organised by Super League Greece, the Panhellenic Association of Professional Players (PSAP) and NOVA. The award was presented by the Vice President of FC Olympiacos, Mr Savvas Theodoridis.
Following the ceremony, Mr Theodoridis said:
"I am happy today to be presenting this award to Olympiacos captain, Luka Milivojević. He is my favourite guy and he knows it. A squad with 11 players like Milivojević would never lose. He is prudent, he is an exceptional man, friendly to all. He is always smiling. He has played in all Olympiacos matches - knock on wood. He has contributed in the best possible way. I hope all players of the team will copy his winning attitude. I hope they will learn how to give it all in the match. I thank him very much for all the things he's done."
Luka Milivojević pointed out that:
"I am very happy. I wish to thank the people that voted for me and gave me this award. I will try to win more in the future. It's not easy to win this award. It is a really difficult task. But I will try to win some more."
- What do you say to the quote of Mr Theodoridis that "A squad with 11 players like Milivojević would never lose"?
"I am very proud to hear this from Mr Savvas who was a player of Olympiacos and has been with the team for, I think, 40 or 50 years. I am very proud to be hearing a man like Mr Savvas say something like this about me. I have to thank Mr Savvas for his words. In the future, I will try to do my best in order to confirm his words."
- Is this award more important given that it comes following your performance in a derby?
"It is of course very important that we won this derby. To me, it's important that I scored the last goal of the match and that we won. My position does not help me scoring many goals. But I will try in the future and provided that I can, to help the team with personal goals. I am very happy and proud to have won this award for this match."
- Is the goal against PAOK one of your favourite goals? Is it the most important goal in your career?
"Yes, definitely. It's not one of the most important goals. It is the single most important goal I have scored in my career so far."
© 2019 SUPER LEAGUE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
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Sales Associate in Santa Rosa, CA at Spencer's
Spencer's is the mall destination for entertainment, excitement and fun. For over 60 years we have been offering unique product for the lifestyle style of our core 18-24 year old guest, always inspired by humor and irreverence.
Originally a mail-order catalog in Easton, PA, Spencer's has been the leader in fun and novel products from the Whoopie Cushion to lava lights. In 1963 Spencer's expanded its reach and opened its first store in the Cherry Hill Mall in Cherry Hill, New Jersey where we continue to operate.
The Sales Associate is responsible for maintaining Guest Services as per Company Standard. The Sales Associate will support the Store Management Team by generating sales, conducting housekeeping, merchandising, signing, pricing, POS operations and loss prevention in adherence to all Company policies and procedures. The minimum age requirement for a Sales Associate is between 17 or 18 depending on the location. The physical demands of the job require climbing ladders, lifting up to 50 pounds and may require 8 hours of standing/walking.
Sales Consultant Jobs
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आप इसमें कहां विजिट करना चाहते हैं क्यूबा
Colon Cemetery
एक घंटा
El Cementerio de Cristóbal Colón, also called La Necrópolis de Cristóbal Colón, was founded in 1876 in the Vedado neighbourhood of Havana, Cuba to replace the Espada Cemetery in the Barrio de San Lázaro. Named for Christopher Columbus, the cemetery is noted for its many elaborately sculpted memorials. It is estimated the cemetery has more than 500 major mausoleums. Before the Espada Cemetery and the Colon Cemetery were built, interments took place in crypts at the various churches throughout Havana, for example, at the Havana Cathedral or the Iglesia del Espíritu Santo in Havana Vieja.
Nathan Ramirez
We were able to see the cemetery via a local taxi tour, this was one of our first stops. Only having to pay around 5 cuc per person it was a steal considering the massive walking grounds of the cemetery. We saw tombs and graves of all sizes and shapes, the history contained within the walls were extraordinary and I would love to have heard some of the stories. Be advised that the church is still used today, we happened to pass during a funeral, so keep that in mind and be respectful.
Russ Lacuata
१० महीने पहले
In terms of history and architecture, this is one of the most remarkable cemeteries in the world. Necropolis de Colon is a reflection of the political, social and economic turmoil that has plagued the Cuba capital for the past 60 years. The main entrance Gate is an ornate, Romanesque triple arch symbolizing the Holy Trinity. The symmetrical plan by Spanish architect Calixto de Loira is laid out along two axes suggesting a crucifix, with the most impressive monuments and mausoleums built along the main road. What makes this Havana cemetery on of the most important in Latin America is its funerary monuments, sculptures and mausoleums that create a sort of open air museum. The varied architectural style of the graves - are a feast for the eyes, and the history of Havana as told through its buried citizens is absolutely fascinating.
erik kuiper
This huge semetary with thousands of graves is worth a visit. some of the toombs are inprassive, and it give you a clear idea who lived in Havana in the past. To learn about the past is to understand the Future.
Yuval SV
Unique cemetery with around 1 million graves! Entry costs 5 CUC for foreigners. There are some really impressive tombs. The complex is huge, but there isn't a reason to spend there more than 1 hour I guess.
William Marritt
Spent a few hours here what a great place it’s best to have a guide with you who can explain all the monuments
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The Truth About Your Body Going Into 'Starvation Mode'
It doesn't happen in the blink of an eye.
By Zahra Barnes
Ersinkisacik / Getty Images
If a list of nutritional urban legends existed, the idea that your body can easily slip into starvation mode would be high up there. Drilling down a bit, I'm specifically talking about the often-repeated belief that if you limit your caloric intake (or even fast) for a day or several days, your metabolism is going to take a hit because your body goes into so-called "starvation mode" and does everything it can to preserve energy.
Here's the deal: When you read or hear about this concept, it's usually because someone is trying to explain why dramatically cutting calories to lose weight is a bad idea. The starvation mode theory holds that crash-dieting isn't just dangerous, but it's also counterproductive. You're trying to lose weight, but you're actually slowing down your metabolism, which makes it even harder to accomplish your goals! Unfortunately, the idea that crash-dieting will slow your metabolism, while well intentioned, isn't really an accurate read of the science. I'll talk about why in more detail. But also, something else I'm going to talk about: Crash-dieting or yo-yo dieting or dramatically cutting calories for the sake of weight loss is definitely still a bad idea, and also counterproductive. Just…not because of the metabolism thing. Let's get into it.
Look: "Starvation mode" is definitely real. The confusion comes in because the term means many different things to many different people.
The concept of starvation mode is confusing because, yes, it is a thing—if you don’t eat enough, in response to the low intake of fuel, your body will likely store calories it would otherwise burn. But starvation mode isn’t an ever-present threat lurking around every corner, just waiting for you to skip a meal so it can kick into gear and mess with your metabolism.
“A lot of times people think they’re going into starvation mode when they skip a meal or fast for a day, and that’s truly not the case,” Philadelphia-based Joy Dubost, Ph.D., R.D., tells SELF. Unless someone has a prolonged, dire lack of access to food or an eating disorder like anorexia, it’s very hard to go into what Dubost describes as “complete clinical starvation mode.”
Rachele Pojednic, Ph.D., assistant professor in the nutrition department at Simmons College and staff scientist at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, agrees. “There’s a difference between the popular perception of starvation mode with regard to diet culture and actually being starving,” she tells SELF.
When a person has been eating a low-calorie diet for long enough to actually be starving—there’s no specific caloric threshold or length of time for this to happen because it’s so individual, the experts explain, but it certainly takes longer than a day without food—a few physiological processes take place.
For starters, your insulin and glucose levels can get thrown out of whack. Insulin is a hormone that shuttles glucose (blood sugar) from the bloodstream into the body's cells, where's it's stored as glycogen for later use as energy. When insulin is low, that keeps the glucose in your blood. This happens in the case of starvation so that you have more blood glucose available for quick energy, Pojednic explains. Your body will also start to increase a process known as lipolysis, or breaking down fat to release fatty acids for energy. In addition, you’ll break down protein reserves, usually muscle, for another energy source, Dubost explains, and undergo large mineral losses that affect your body’s electrical systems, like your heart. Symptoms of all of this can include weakness, apathy, memory lapses, and muscle cramps.
“It’s really hard, if you have adequate access to food, to put yourself into this mode because you are always going to be able to eat something eventually,” Pojednic says.
Although randomly skipping meals isn’t good for you, doing it every so often won’t catapult your body into starvation mode.
Experts tend to recommend eating every three to four hours for optimal energy and health. Starvation mode happens over the long-term, so skipping a meal every once in a while won't permanently affect your metabolism. Haphazardly skipping meals can still affect your weight in another way, however.
“The tendency on the other end of [skipping meals] is to overcompensate,” Pojednic says. “You’re not going to go and eat a well-balanced healthy meal—you’re probably going to go eat something that’s not particularly good for you, or it’s a massive portion.” It can also make you hangry, which is bad news.
Fascinatingly enough, some research shows that skipping meals in the form of intermittent fasting (IF) a structured method of alternating days of eating less (or nothing) with days of eating normally or having whatever you want, might be beneficial for health and weight loss. “There's interesting emerging science on intermittent fasting and calorie restriction,” Pojednic says.
The research is limited, but when done properly, intermittent fasting looks promising for weight loss. For example, a 2015 review in Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology analyzed 40 studies of intermittent fasting and found that people lost 7 to 11 pounds over 10 weeks of IF. Many of the studies involved fasting periods between one and seven days, but it's worth noting that most people who practice IF alternate days of fasting with days of eating, or fast one or two days a week and eat regularly the rest of the time.
Depending on the length of a fast, it can be severe enough to cause starvation mode. But the theory is that either way, people who do intermittent fasting still end up eating fewer calories overall, thus avoiding weight gain.
That doesn't mean you should structure an intermittent fasting plan for yourself—if you're interested in trying this out, it's best to talk to a doctor or registered dietitian first. (And if you have an eating disorder, you should always check with your doctor before changing your eating habits.)
With that said, something like severe yo-yo dieting or calorie restriction can slow down your metabolism over time.
Yo-yo dieting involves repeatedly gaining and losing weight, usually due to going on and off of intense diets. In the long-term, this practice, or just consistently eating too few calories for your body can mess with your metabolism. “I see people trying to take their calorie intake down below 1,000 calories per day, and this can be very harmful to their metabolism, as well as their health overall,” Pojednic says.
When you lose a lot of weight, your metabolism automatically slows down because your body needs less energy to function. When you start eating normally again (or overeating), you’re working with a lower metabolism, which can lead to weight gain, especially if you passed your own personal starvation mode threshold and your body now wants to get as much energy as possible. “Your body is trying to conserve whatever it can,” Dubost says. This process only intensifies as you get older and your metabolism naturally slows, she adds.
There’s no easy way to determine what level of yo-yo dieting or calorie restriction will result in metabolic changes, Dubost says—it all depends on your individual body. However, experts generally recommend that women don’t eat fewer than 1,200 calories a day to avoid under eating. And if you're very active, you may need hundreds more calories than that to prevent under eating, although that varies widely depending on your activity level.
Yo-yo dieting or otherwise severely restricting calories are both bad ideas in general, not just because they can mess with your metabolism. Depriving yourself of food is taxing on your body, and over the long term, it can raise your risk of having problems with blood pressure, cholesterol, and diabetes, among other health issues. It will also likely lead to binges, because it just isn't sustainable. Instead, if you're trying to change any eating habits you may have, making small lifestyle tweaks that you can actually stick to is the best way to go about it. That way, you avoid the awful feelings that can come with forcing yourself to eat less than you need: crankiness, unhappiness, and straight up misery. There's no need to treat yourself that way!
There are a couple of things you can do to keep your metabolism running as smoothly as possible.
Paying attention to your hunger cues is key. “It’s not only about eating when you are feeling that urge,” Pojednic says. “The flip side is paying attention to when you’re full and eating only enough until you feel like you’ve been satiated.”
Given our easy access to delicious food, this can be easier said than done. Mindful eating can help. So can eating high-fiber foods like whole grains, fruits, and vegetables, along with foods rich in protein and healthy fats—all of these will help fill you up and boost your health.
When it comes to being active, strength training is a great way to build muscle, which is more metabolically active than fat, meaning that adding muscle mass can help keep your metabolism high. If you don't have much muscle, your body doesn't require as much energy to function, so your metabolism doesn't need to work as hard. But it's not just about strength training. Being active in general is extremely important for your health, so it's important to find a workout method you love, Dubost says.
You May Also Like: 12 Healthy Foods You Should Always Keep in Your Pantry
Topicsmetabolismweight losshealthy eating
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Stephen with his wife Marta and their son Stephen Jr.
HUSBAND, FATHER, SPORTS ENTHUSIAST AND COUNCILLOR FOR CUMBERLAND WARD
Stephen has dedicated much of his professional life to public service to the residents of Orléans and Cumberland.
Stephen was re-elected City Councillor for Cumberland Ward on October 22, 2018 with 89% of the vote. Each election, Stephen’s support has grown larger (from 52% in 2010, 78% in 2014).
Stephen Blais at Ottawa City Council
On December 12, 2018 Ottawa City Council named Blais as Chair of the Transportation Committee. In addition to updating the long-term Transportation Master Plan for the City, the Transportation Committee will address the deployment of photo radar in school and community safety zones and record levels of investment in road and pedestrian infrastructure.
On December 10, 2014 Ottawa City Council named Blais as Chair of the Ottawa Transit Commission, the body responsible for overseeing OC Transpo.
While Chair of the Transit Commission OC Transpo has provided better and more affordable options to Ottawa residents. New service was added to growing communities of Orléans, Barrhaven, Kanata and Stittsville. The Transit Commission eliminated the Express Fare premium, saving riders nearly $300 a year. The Transit Commission also introduced the EquiPass & EquiFare to provide deep discounts for low income residents.
Stephen was first elected Councillor for Cumberland Ward with a strong mandate on October 25, 2010.
Stephen sits in the LRT simulator.
Stephen quickly made his mark securing early victories by having the City of Ottawa conduct an environmental assessment to widen HWY 174 and to extend Light Rail Transit to Orléans. By the end of his second term Stephen had secured more than $100M in road and infrastructure investments for both the rural and urban sectors of his ward.
In addition to his focus on reducing commute times through investments in roads and transit, Blais prioritized local park construction.
In his first term of office 7 new parks were built in Cumberland Ward and Blais announced the ambitious plan to partner with the local homebuilding industry to complete an $8 million expansion of Millennium Park. Stephen also led the way to open the first new indoor pool in Ottawa since amalgamation with the construction of the François Dupuis Recreation Centre. By 2018, a dozen new parks have been built and the François Dupuis Centre was expanded; adding a full gymnasium and rock-climbing wall to this important community hub.
This project will create 1,500 jobs in 30 different trades during construction, and more than 600 permanent jobs once open.
In 2018, after years of groundwork, Stephen was pleased to help make the biggest jobs announcement in the history of east Ottawa. Amazon has partnered with Broccolini Construction to establish a 1 million square foot fulfilment centre in Carlsbad Springs. This represents a private sector investment of $200 million in Cumberland Ward.
Prior to his election as Councillor, Stephen faithfully served the residents of Orléans and Cumberland as their School Trustee on the Ottawa Catholic School Board from 2006 until 2010.
As a Catholic School Trustee, Stephen’s approach of fiscal conservatism balanced with a community conscience enabled him to deliver many local and board-wide accomplishments.
Stephen is joined by parent Council Chair Mike Buzzetti and Orléans MPP Phil McNeely.
In September 2010, after decades of inaction, two East End high schools, St. Matthew’s and Lester B. Pearson, finally received additions to replace many of their aging portables, as a result of Stephen’s tireless efforts.
During his term as Trustee, the Board passed four consecutive balanced budgets, grew reserve funds, adopted a greener approach and invested in the most vulnerable students. Stephen cites his decision to forgo the 150% trustee raise, which he personally donated to breast cancer awareness, supports for military families, the school breakfast program and a bursary for less affluent students, as his most important achievement.
Prior to his elected positions, Stephen’s steadfast belief in community service saw him help begin the St. Peter High School Alumni Association followed by sitting as President of the Queenswood Heights Community Association. Stephen also served as Orléans Ward representative on the City of Ottawa’s youth cabinet and as an inaugural member of the East End President’s Council.
Stephen’s professional career began following his graduation from the University of Ottawa with an Honours Degree in Political Science. He has worked at the Privy Council Office, served as Policy Director for Canada 25, served the people of Ontario as a staff member to the Minister of Consumer and Business Services and has most recently worked at the Ottawa Hospital Foundation and Carleton University.
A lifelong resident of Ottawa’s East End, Stephen was raised in the Queenswood Heights and Fallingbrook area. Stephen, his wife Marta, a rural Ontarian, and their son Stephen Jr., are proud residents of the wonderfully bilingual and diverse community of Chaperal.
Automated speed enforcement – coming soon
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Aug 29, 2019 | Light Rail, OC Transpo, Updates
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Home / Compact Discs / VARIOUS ARTISTS – All My Sins Remembered: The Sonic Worlds of John Murphy – 3XCD
VARIOUS ARTISTS – All My Sins Remembered: The Sonic Worlds of John Murphy – 3XCD
SKU: 12108 Category: Compact Discs
“All My Sins Remembered” is a tribute to Australian musician John Murphy, who died on the 11th of October 2015, and at the same time a charity project with all proceeds from the sales going to his widow.
John Murphy was an inveterate collaborator, contributing to the most high-profile bands of the industrial scene, not only because he was such a versatile musician of immense talent, but also because he was such a great collaborator. His warm-heartedness was the basis of decade-spanning relationships with prestigious musicians; his perfection and reliability in both composition and preparing performances was widely recognized; as a session drummer he would fit in organically with the bands that employed him. As a result, a large number of musicians agreed happily and instantly to become a part of this project.
With an enormous effort and the help of many friends we have put together this compilation, featuring the vast majority of the projects John Murphy was involved with – whether as a solo musician, contributor, full band member or session musician. Carefully curated and compiled, it follows the chronology of his career, starting with his high school band MANDRIX and following through all the way to his last studio recordings with LAST DOMINION LOST.
A major part of this compilation are tracks featuring John himself, a treasure of yet unreleased recordings with ASSOCIATES, SHINING VRIL, KRANG, KRANK, BROWNING MUMMERY, KNIFELADDER, SOOTERKIN FLESH, BLOOD AND IRON, WERTHAM, FORESTA DI FERRO and GERECHTIGKEITS LIGA, as well as rare collaborative tracks with LUSTMORD, NEWS, WHIRLYWIRLD, HUGO KLANG, MAA, ORCHESTRA OF SKIN AND BONE, SLUB, DUMB AND THE UGLY, VHRIL, BORDEL MILITAIRE and THE WALKING KORPSES. John Murphy’s performances can also be heard on exclusive live recordings of BLOOD AXIS, SPK, WHITEHOUSE, NAEVUS, NIKOLAS SCHRECK, MY FATHER OF SERPENTS & DISCIPLES OF NONE and MANDRIX, while newly recorded personal dedications (partially making use of John Murphy recordings) come from OF THE WAND AND THE MOON, DIE WEISSE ROSE, GENOCIDE ORGAN, ANDREW KING and DAVID E. WILLIAMS. Last but not least there are his last live and studio recordings from March & May 2015 with THE GRIMSEL PATH, ZEENA SCHRECK and his last main band LAST DOMINION LOST.
This box set is limited to 750 copies and comes in a beautiful design by The Epicurean: Lavish black cardboard folder with full colour & gold print, containing three CDs housed in cardboard sleeves and an extensive 32-page booklet with texts by The Epicurean, Andrew King, Alan Bamford and Jon Evans, allowing for detailed insight in the three distinct periods of John Murphy’s musical career, as well as publishing unreleased photographs from his friends’ archives.
JOHN MURPHY, LUSTMORD
VARIOUS ARTISTS - All My Sins Remembered: The Sonic Worlds of John Murphy - 3XCD quantity
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Fox Sports Rolls Out New Toys for Jr. NBA Global Championship
SkyCam angle gives viewers the feel of watching a video game
By Ken Kerschbaumer, Editorial Director
Friday, August 9, 2019 - 1:04 pm
The Jr. NBA Global Championship this weekend will get some serious national exposure courtesy of Fox Sports. More than 1,400 minutes of competition will be delivered to viewers, including five games on Fox; two boys’ semifinals and a girls’ semifinal on August 10 and then two finals on August 11.
The Redrock Micro Digiboom is being used for the Jr. NBA Global Championships in Orlando.
The Jr. NBA Global Championship is a youth basketball tournament for the top 13- and 14-year old boys’ and girls’ teams from around the world. Qualifying competitions tipped off in January and now the top 32 boys’ and girls’ teams (via all-expenses-paid trips) is competing in the Jr. NBA Global Championship in Orlando, FL.
Bardia Shah-Rais, Fox Sports, VP of Production, says the beauty of the event from a production standpoint is there are no limits to what can be done.
“The NBA has been a fantastic partner on this as we have a Skycam which gives it a bit of an NBA 2K feel,” says Shah-Rais. “We also have a Redrock Micro Digiboom camera like the one we use on NASCAR for pit stops. Here it lets us get over the shoulder of the coach on huddles without being invasive or we can follow the player out to the free throw line. It’s very smooth.”
Francisco Contreras, Fox Sports, director of field operations, says the Digiboom has also successfully been used on boxing and that, combined with 12 regular cameras and the Skycam, the production team has a great opportunity to showcase the kids.
“The NBA has been open to anything we want to bring on boards and the kids are seeing this, so it’s been pretty cool,” he says. “We’re also micing the coach and that has been really great as the talent is interacting with them.”
This is the second year Fox has had the event and this year the decision was made to have just one court instead of two.
“We wanted to give it a bigger feel as we lose half the seating for the TV side which makes it more crowded,” says Contreras. “We’ve been using the two Disney Control Rooms, one for the TV production and the second for streaming, and then we have an uplink and we will add a second uplink tomorrow.”
Adds Shah-Rais: “We love pushing the boundaries and for us this is a good chance to do some things we want to implement in college basketball coverage.”
Mountain Attack Goes for Mediahaus to Track the Strongest Athletes in SkiingBlizzard Entertainment Takes Live Esports Broadcast to New Heights With Launch of Call of Duty League
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Europe 2017: Salzburg, Austria
The final stop on our 4-day jaunt to the Bavarian Alps was a quick side trip to Salzburg, Austria, the birthplace of Mozart and the original home of the Sound of Music's von Trapp family. I had never been to Salzburg but based on what others had told me, I had high expectations.
But before we do Salzburg, I want to take you to Hallein, Austria, a town about 10 miles southwest of Salzburg and an equal distance northeast of Berchtesgaden, Germany. We spent the first night of our trip at the Kolpinghaus in Hallein. It is run by the Kolpingwerk Foundation, one of the largest social organizations of the Catholic church, and provides hostel-type accommodations for students. In the summer (July and August) it operates as a reasonably priced hotel (and no, you don't have to be Catholic or religious to stay there). The Kolpinghaus in Hallein consists of seven multi-story patrician houses originally built in the 1600s. Completely renovated about 10 years ago, the accommodations were unexpectedly spacious and comfortable. Our room was on the 5th floor and offered stunning views of the square in front of the hotel and beyond.
View from our window at the Kolpinghaus Hotel in Hallein, Austria
The town of Hallein is fairy small (pop. 21,000) but it's the second largest municipality in the Austrian state of Salzburg, after the eponymous capital. The area was settled as long ago as 4000 BCE and the town was founded in the early 1300s. Today Hallein is best known for its beautifully preserved historic core and for the Silent Night Museum dedicated to Silent Night, arguably the best known Christmas song of all times. It was composed in 1818 by óne Franz Xaver Gruber in a village nearby.
Salzach River in downtown Hallein, with mountains in the near distance
I was surprised by how deserted Hallein was for a Saturday evening. Not that we were complaining; it gave us the feeling of having the town to ourselves.
Historic Old Town in Hallein
These mannequins were for sale for €45. I was seriously bummed I couldn't take one home. I would have loved to stick a mannequin or two under the bay trees in the backyard.
No head, no limbs, no problem--only €25 in that case
Hey, a namesake of mine has a hotel and pub in Hallein! The word "Wirt" after "Bock" means innkeeper.
Beautifully painted inn
Central square in the heart of Hallein
Blue hour just down the street from our hotel
Fast forward now to day 4 of our trip. After spending two nights in an Airbnb rental in Berchtesgaden, Germany, we returned to Austria for a quick visit to Salzburg. Since we only had a few hours and aren't big Mozart fans, we decided to ignore all the Mozart stuff (although, completely coincidentally, we walked both by the house where Mozart was born and the house where he lived later on).
Hohensalzburg Castle towering above Salzburg's Old Town
One of many beautiful public plantings in Salzburg
Spotted in a pedestrian underpass. While Salzburg lives off Mozart's name, I have a feeling not everybody is a fan.
We started our explorations in the Getreidegasse (literally "Grain Lane"), the main shopping street in the heart of the historic Old Town, a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1996. The Getreidegasse is one of Salzburg's biggest tourist attractions, not only because it's a shopping mecca for those so inclined but also because of the immaculately preserved attached town houses with their wrought-iron signs. (In the old days, the signs indicated which guild a merchant belonged to; today they bear the names of the commercial establishments in any given building.)
But there's one thing I found just as impressive as the multitude of signs: the sheer number of people milling about. While I suspect the crowds are worse in the summer, I have a feeling Salzburg is never without tourists.
Check out the fancy sign at McDonald's!
Mozartkugels in many different packages
Clothing store window advertising air-conditioning. I suspect it's a popular place for tourists in the summer, seeing how very few places in Salzburg have AC.
Picturesque beer garden in a courtyard off Getreidegasse
Our original plan had been to look at more sights in the Old Town and then drive up to Hohensalzburg Castle towering above the city, but it was so hot and so humid that day that we just gave up. The fact that we still had a 4+ hour drive ahead of us to get back to my mother's house in Northern Bavaria made our decision easier.
One our way back to the parking garage we crossed the Salzach River on Markatsteg, a footbridge that has become Salzburg's "Bridge of Love" because of the thousands of locks attached to the chain-link fencing. On TripAdvisor, it's ranked #25 of 171 things to do in Salzburg. I've seen locks of love in other places (including the UC Davis Arboretum and on the road to Tofino on Vancouver Island, British Columbia), but never that many. Not everybody is enthralled with this practice, but I had a smile on my face as I walked across the river.
Markatsteg across the Salzach River
The last photo I took in Salzburg was of a typical pedestrian crossing near our parking garage. Yes, all these people crossed the street on the same green light. Stupendous!
I do wish we'd had more time to spend in Salzburg--and that the weather had been less hot and sticky. As it was, we barely scratched the surface. But at least we have an excuse to go back if the opportunity ever presents itself.
I still want to try a Mozartkugel made from the original recipe by Paul Fürst, the Salzburg confectioner who "invented" it in 1890. His descendants still operate the pastry shop at Brodgasse 13. Insiders say Fürst's original Mozartkugel tastes even better than the mass-market versions by Mirabell and Reber. Which, in my opinion, are mighty fine already (in the U.S. you can find them in places like Cost Plus World Market).
2017 European vacation
Labels: Austria, photography, sightseeing, travel
Alan July 23, 2017 at 9:31 AM
A fabulous trip with so much beauty!
I think you would have made a fantastic innkeeper. I can picture it...
Cactus Lady July 23, 2017 at 12:01 PM
Now you've made me want to travel there. What is the best time of the year to visit?
Kris Peterson July 23, 2017 at 1:23 PM
More great photos. The McDonald's sign cracked me up. I also though the locks of love were charming - and so much better than graffiti.
Hoover Boo July 23, 2017 at 3:01 PM
The McDonald's sign is a hoot.
My FIL and his wife had a home in a town near Saltzburg, something with "krem" in the name? FIL passed away so we never got there to visit.
The first town where the streets were deserted on Saturday night looked a lot nicer than the tourist-filled ones. At least the humidity kept those orange begonias looking glorious.
Ruth Bancroft Garden July 2017 private garden tour...
Europe 2017: Reykyavík, Iceland
Europe 2017: German Alps, day 3
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Europe 2017: Sanspareil Rock Garden, Germany
Tucson Botanical Gardens: Frida Kahlo & more
Succulent shapshots from our garden
50,000 acres of sunflowers
Blooming chaste tree: perfect foil for agaves and ...
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Beno Udrih and Goran Dragic once again teammates
Nov 15, 2015 | 6:29 PM
Beno Udrih talks above joining the Heat and playing alongside fellow Slovenian Goran Dragic.
The madness starts once the language changes.
It's only been a few days, but guards Beno Udrih and Goran Dragic area already causing a stir in the Miami Heat locker room.
Especially when they speak in their native Slovenian tongue.
"We can talk about certain things in our home language," the recently-acquired Udrih said. "Guys started listening and they're like, `Hey guys, speak English. I'm like, `No, you guys learn Slovenian and see how long that takes."'
The two have always kept an eye on each other throughout their basketball journeys. This is the first time they've been teammates since playing together for the Slovenian national team in 2006. When they were opposing NBA players, they always met up when in the same city.
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Only nine Slovenian-born players have made the NBA, with Marko Mili¿ being the first in 1997
"We talk," said Dragic, the league's most successful Slovenian player. "We went to dinner when I was in his town. It's always awesome to catch a fellow Slovenian in the same league. It's not a lot Slovenian players here."
As Dragic continues to get acclimated in his second season in Miami, Udrih is sort of a professional "new kid." This is the seventh team he's played for in 12 seasons. Udrih is so used to playing in new surroundings he was on the floor in the Heat's victory against the Utah Jazz last Thursday despite having not practiced with the team.
"He'll fit in because we like him," Heat coach Erik Spoelstra said. "He's got veteran savviness about him. You saw it the other night. He hasn't been in a practice. He hasn't been in a shootaround but he's played for enough different systems that he can just play basketball. You don't notice things that you might have because he's a veteran player. You can throw him in any situation. Guys like that are very valuable with veteran teams."
Fitting in on the court is the least of Udrih's worries. Finding a new apartment and getting settled in a different city are always the toughest challenges of being traded during the season. Still, he expects to be fully adjusted within three weeks to a month.
"Otherwise, coming here and playing basketball, that's just basketball," Udrih said. "I've been doing that for a long time. I'm just trying to learn the system as fast as I can."
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Spoelstra said it's too early to define Udrih's role. Expect it come once the Heat find a way to insert Gerald Green back in the lineup. Green is set to return after serving a two-game suspension for "conduct detrimental to the team."
"(Green) will work his way back in," Spoelstra said. "He's had a couple good practices. I don't think he'll be able to play just from a conditioning standpoint … but I'll work him back in."
Meanwhile, Udrih will wait and continue the adjustment process. There's nothing too foreign the Heat can throw at him. Udrih has seen it all during his many travels that included stops in San Antonio, Sacramento, Milwaukee, Orlando, New York and most recently Memphis.
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Udrih, 33, was originally drafted by the Spurs in the first round in 2004. In 2010, he averaged a career-high 13.7 points with the Kings.
"Our offense is pretty much a lot of reading and cutting to the basket and trying to get somebody else open," Udrih said. "It's pretty self-explanatory. I've been on a lot of teams. Every team pretty much plays differently on defense and offense. I've pretty much seen it all."
Added Dragic, "This is his 12th year in the league. He knows everything."
srichardson@tribpub.com
Beno Udrih
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The Week’s Most Global, Immobile, and Ignoble Headlines
YOUTUBE’S 14-YEAR-OLD GIRL COMEDIC GENIUS TAUNTS YOUTUBE EXEC
If BuzzFeed’s supremely wormy Joseph Bernstein has a problem with you, then you are clearly talented and are doing something right.
As the astronomically banal website’s chief witch hunter, Bernstein spends his days getting offended and his nights attempting to destroy the lives of those who’ve offended him. In the past he’s attempted to expose the identity of cartoonist A. Wyatt Mann and successfully got comedian Sam Hyde fired from a lucrative, high-profile job at the Cartoon Network.
Bernstein’s latest target for extermination—although at present, his attempts seem to be backfiring—is 14-year-old Sarah Connor, a high-school freshman from the Bay Area whose YouTube handle is “Soph.”
In typical pearl-clutching, smelling-salt-sniffing fashion, Bernstein’s hit piece on Soph describes her shtick as a “mix of hatred toward Muslims, anti-black racism, Byzantine fearmongering about pedophilia, tissue-thin incel evolutionary psychology, and reflexive misanthropy.” We will assume that Soph has never said anything untoward about Jews, because if anyone in the world would have made a big screaming stink about it, Bernstein would be the guy.
He quotes a passage from a recent video Soph made called “Be Not Afraid”:
I’ve become a devout follower of the Prophet Muhammad. Suffice to say, I’ve been having a fuck ton of fun. Of course, I get raped by my 40-year-old husband every so often and I have to worship a black cube to indirectly please an ancient Canaanite god — but at least I get to go to San Fran and stone the shit out of some gays, and the cops can’t do anything about it because California is a crypto-caliphate.
OK, well, she’s gained at least one new fan!
Bernstein also quotes from a video Soph made where she threatens YouTube CEO Susan Wojcicki:
Susan, I’ve known your address since last summer. I’ve got a Luger and a mitochondrial disease. I don’t care if I live. Why should I care if you live or your children? I just called an Uber. You’ve got about seven minutes to draft up a will….I’m coming for you, and it ain’t gonna be pretty.
At the time Bernstein’s article appeared, Soph had slightly over 800,000 followers on YouTube. As this is being typed, she has 959,000 followers.
Good job, Joe!
WILL PC BE THE DEATH OF ENTERTAINMENT?
As the sage Ted Kaczynski noted in his magnum opus, although leftists posture as being motivated by compassion, hostility and the insatiable drive for control are too prominent in their behavior for this to be true. Although they speak out of one side of their mouths about tolerance, with the other side they attempt to shout down and destroy anyone who deviates even one micron from their orthodoxy.
We’ve previously written about how the Kulturkampf vultures have aggressively sought to erase the memory of American icons such as John Wayne and Kate Smith. In 2017, a Memphis theater canceled a screening of Gone With the Wind—which, when adjusted for inflation, is still the highest-grossing film of all time—because the new Wrongthink Czars have adjudged it as “insensitive.”
“Diversity is our greatest strength—unless you’re an American-born worker.”
But now it’s getting to the point where the work in question need not be the tiniest bit “insensitive” so long as its creator has done something insensitive in the past. After Bill Cosby was convicted of rape, Bounce TV canceled all reruns of The Cosby Show, a show so wholesome that it makes angels vomit. Netflix refused to air Woody Allen’s most recent film due to ancient and unproved sexual-assault allegations against him. And after comedian Louis CK admitted to masturbating in front of women who hadn’t specifically requested him to do so, HBO axed all of his content.
In the future, we predict that there will be only one TV station on Earth, and its programming will consist of a Simon Wiesenthal hologram saying “Nazis are bad” forever and ever.
STUDY: FOREIGN-BORN US WORKERS DRIVE DOWN WAGES FOR NATIVE-BORN WORKERS (DUH!)
Citing Department of Labor data, a recent Wall Street Journal piece tosses the following rotten tomatoes at the American worker’s face:
• Foreign-born workers now comprise 17.5% of the American workforce, up from around 10.5% in 1996.
• Nearly half of foreign-born American workers are Hispanic and a quarter are Asian.
• Part of their attractiveness to employers is the fact that foreign-born workers will accept an average weekly income only 83% that of American-born workers.
• Foreign-born workers currently enjoy a lower unemployment rate than native-born workers.
• Nearly half a trillion dollars yearly are redistributed from middle-class and working-class Americans to large employers and freshly arrived immigrants.
We have been saying this for years and will keep screaming it until you go deaf—all this noise about “racism” is merely a form of psychological conditioning to scare people from daring to speak about the fact that they are being economically displaced.
GERMAN COURT GREENLIGHTS “NAZI” PARTY ADVERTISEMENT
Have you noticed that there are currently more “Nazis” in the world than there were in the 1930s? This is because any European who dares to notice that Europeans are being systematically replaced and demeaned is smeared as a “Nazi.”
Because German’s National Democratic Party (NPD) believes that Germany should have a political party that serves the interests of Germans—a radically extreme idea, we know—Reuters feels obligated to call it a “neo-Nazi party.”
But to its credit, Germany’s top court recently rejected an attempt to block a political ad for the NPD from Germany’s airwaves. In the ad, a narrator intones:
Since the arbitrary opening of the border in 2015 and the uncontrolled mass migration that followed, Germans have become almost daily victims.
The ad shows images of crime scenes and German murder victims.
We do not see what’s Nazi about that. We do not see it. Not see.
FEMALE-TO-MALE TRANNY MISDIAGNOSED BY HOSPITAL WORKERS AS OBESE, THEN OUT POPS A STILLBORN BABY FROM “HIS” VAGINA
What has the world come to when hospital workers actually believe that a pregnant female-to-male tranny who’s complaining of abdominal pain is nothing more than a fat male with digestive issues?
The New England Journal of Medicine reports of an unidentified “pregnant transgender man” who showed up at an unnamed hospital, only for a nurse to misdiagnose “his” problem as intestinal rather than vaginal.
The fat “man” in question was actually a pregnant woman who’d been polluting her bloodstream with testosterone, yet she still remained so resolutely female that she became pregnant. Shortly after the misdiagnosis, out plopped a stillborn infant from the “man’s” vagina.
It’s uncertain whether the fetus was already dead when this sad, sad lady went to the hospital, but if not, the Transgender Delusion just killed a baby.
REPORT: OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY PHYSICIAN SEXUALLY ABUSED AT LEAST 177 MALE STUDENTS
In 2005, former Ohio State University athletic physician Dr. Richard Strauss committed suicide, so he cannot be tried for serial molestation and then sent to prison where he would’ve had every last tooth knocked out of his mouth.
Strauss worked for USU between 1978 and 1998. Only a year after he started, rumors emerged that he was overly friendly during his physical exams of male students to the point where his unsolicited sexual overtures became an “open secret.” Even though two other students had made allegations against Strauss in 1995, it wasn’t until the next year when “Student C” filed a formal complaint about Strauss’s behavior during an exam for a urinary tract infection that the school finally squeezed him out. According to CNN:
Student C reported that during the appointment, Strauss began pressing, caressing, and fondling his genitals. Despite Student C telling Strauss he felt uncomfortable, Strauss told him it was a necessary part of the exam.
Strauss continued to fondle him, until Student C experienced an erection and subsequent ejaculation. Student C said he grew increasingly upset about what happened and told Strauss he should not have done that. Student C says Strauss responded by saying “it didn’t seem like it was wrong” and that “it seemed like (C) kind of enjoyed it,” according to the report.
According to an independent report from the law firm Perkins Coie, Strauss abused “at least 177 male student-patients” and was often spotted loitering around locker rooms and showers.
If you ask us, dude sounds like he was a wee bit of a weirdo.
Every Monday, Jim Goad reads the previous day’s “Week That Perished” on his podcast.
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“Heroic” Study Addresses Answers to Veteran Suicides
Home » “Heroic” Study Addresses Answers to Veteran Suicides
By David Jahr
“Heroic” Study Addresses Answers to Veteran Suicides2016-07-122016-07-12https://www.tbi.care/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/neurolaser-logomark.pngNeuro-Laser Foundationhttps://www.tbi.care/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/veterants466428522_994455.jpg200px200px
On July 7, 2016, the Department of Veterans Affairs released its official accounting of suicide deaths among veterans, averaging 20 per day. This has fueled demand for answers among the Congress, VA, CDC and the Obama Administration. Today Psychiatry Advisor published an article by Theodore Henderson, MD, PhD, co-Founder of Neuro-Laser Foundation, outlining how neuro-imaging diagnostic tools available for PTSD and TBI are available to avoid these tragic endings. This news can provide guidance to veterans, psychiatrists and other medical professionals tasked with treating these two, previously thought to be untreatable, conditions that are common among suicide victims.
Dr. Henderson, along with co-Founder Dr. Larry Morries, have a heart to help our country servicemen and women through the Neuro-Laser Foundation and “Say Goodbye TBI” campaign. The Drs. are raising financial support through it’s non-profit organization to help provide treatment for qualifying veterans at a low, or no-cost to them and their families.
According to the article, the Congressional Budget Office estimates 400,000 service men and women have TBI (traumatic brain injury) or PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder). The challenge, according to Dr. Henderson is distinguishing between the two conditions. Often, they can have similar symptoms, and therefore receive similar medications.
However, Dr. Henderson says many medications used for patients with PTSD may actually exacerbate the problem if the symptoms are, indeed, a result of a TBI.
“Without neuro-imaging, it’s extremely difficult to ascertain an accurate diagnosis,” said Dr. Henderson, who was a part of a research team that landed the No. 19 of 100 top medical discoveries of the year in 2015 by Discover Magazine for its work finding differences between the two conditions. “Feelings of despair and sadness, along with confusion and memory loss, are common among both PTSD and TBI. But their treatments may differ significantly.”
According to Dr. Henderson, among the 400,000 or more Veterans with either TBI or PTSD, there is tremendous overlap both in terms of diagnosis and of symptomatology. The overlap is estimated to be 33% to 42%,7 but may be considerably higher. Adding complexity, a study of patients in the VA system revealed 73% of patients who reported TBI were also co-morbid for PTSD.
Parsing out who has PTSD, who has TBI, and who has both is a critical issue for veterans. In the September 2015 issue of Brain Imaging and Behavior, a landmark paper on this question was published by a multi-center team of clinician-scientists. This group examined the neuroimaging data of 196 military and Veteran patients who had undergone SPECT imaging, which is a functional neuroimaging modality based on the intimate relation between neuronal activity and local oxygenated blood perfusion (the same principle upon which functional magnetic resonance imaging or fMRI is based).
“We found TBI could be distinguished from PTSD using SPECT with 94% accuracy, and the ability to distinguish PTSD from co-morbid TBI+PTSD was 92%.
The “Heroic Bonus” is this study cost taxpayers nothing. Read the entire article on Psychiatry Advisor for the names and roles in the study, including our own Dr. Henderson.
larry morries, neuro-imaging, neuro-laser foundation, psychiatry advisor, PTSD, TBI, theodore henderson
What Depression Really Looks LikeMedia, News
Psychiatrist Warns of Misdiagnosis from fMRI, Other False Claims Common in IndustryMedia, News
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Tele2 AB: Nomination Committee proposals rega...
Tele2 AB: Nomination Committee proposals regarding election of Board of Directors
In advance of the Tele2 AB (publ) (“Tele2”) Annual General Meeting of shareholders to be held on Tuesday 9 May 2017, the Tele2 Nomination Committee proposes the re-election of Mike Parton, Sofia Arhall Bergendorff, Georgi Ganev, Cynthia Gordon, Irina Hemmers, Eamonn O’Hare and Carla Smits-Nusteling as Directors of the Board, and the election of Anders Björkman as new Director of the Board. The Nomination Committee also proposes the re-election of Mike Parton as Chairman of the Board. Lorenzo Grabau has decided not to seek re-election.
Anders Björkman is the Chief Executive Officer of OnePhone Holding, a supplier of cloud based B2B FMC solutions for fixed and mobile network operators, and a board member of Allgon AB, a group of companies focused on wireless communication solutions for industrial and robust environments. Anders has previously also been the Chief Executive Officer of OnePhone’s partnerships with British Telecommunications and KPN. Between 2001 and 2008, Anders was the Chief Executive Officer of Argnor Wireless Ventures, a venture capital firm focused on investing in Nordic companies developing wireless communication products and services. During his time at Argnor Wireless Ventures, Anders served on a number of the firm’s portfolio company boards. Prior to joining Argnor Wireless Ventures, Anders was the Chief Executive Officer of SEC between 1999 and 2000, and of Tele2 between 1996 and 1999. Anders holds a MSc from Chalmers University of Technology.
Cristina Stenbeck, Chairman of the Nomination Committee, commented: “The Nomination Committee is pleased to have recruited Anders Björkman to the Tele2 Board. Anders brings more than twenty years of executive experience from leading, investing in and partnering with business-facing telecommunication companies, a segment where Tele2 recently accelerated its presence by the acquisition of TDC Sweden. Anders will further strengthen the Board’s strategic capabilities and contribute with his perspective on Swedish businesses and consumers in the rapidly developing telecommunications, media and technology landscape.”
Cristina Stenbeck added: “On behalf of all shareholders I would like to thank Lorenzo Grabau for his contribution to the Tele2 Board the past three years.”
The Nomination Committee comprises Mike Parton as Chairman of the Board of Directors; Cristina Stenbeck appointed by Kinnevik AB; John Hernander appointed by Nordea Funds; Ossian Ekdahl appointed by Första AP-fonden; and Martin Wallin appointed by Lannebo Fonder. The Nomination Committee’s complete proposals are presented in the notice convening Tele2’s Annual General Meeting.
Angelica Gustafsson, Head of Public Relations, Tele2 AB, Phone: +46 704 26 41 42
Erik Strandin Pers, Head of Investor Relations, Tele2 AB, Phone: +46 733 41 41 88
TELE2 IS ONE OF EUROPE'S FASTEST GROWING TELECOM OPERATORS, ALWAYS PROVIDING CUSTOMERS WITH WHAT THEY NEED FOR LESS. We have 17 million customers in 9 countries. Tele2 offers mobile services, fixed broadband and telephony, data network services, content services and global IoT solutions. Ever since Jan Stenbeck founded the company in 1993, it has been a tough challenger to the former government monopolies and other established providers. Tele2 has been listed on the NASDAQ OMX Stockholm since 1996. In 2016, Tele2 had net sales of SEK 28 billion and reported an operating profit (EBITDA) of SEK 5.3 billion. For definitions of measures, please see the last pages of the Annual report 2016.
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Star World to premiere ‘Chernobyl’ in India on 15 Sep
MUMBAI: English GEC Star World will premiere historical drama series ‘Chernobyl’ in India starting 15th September, every Sunday at 9 pm. The series showcases the Chernobyl nuclear disaster and has received 17 Emmy nominations this year.
‘Chernobyl’, the five-part mini-series, is a compelling depiction and a recreation of the deadliest nuclear disaster that took place in April 1986 in the Ukranian city – Chernobyl, then a city in the Soviet Union. With gripping imagery and stunning film-making, the show features an ensemble cast led by Jared Harris, Stellan, and Emily Watson. The three of them have received acting nominations at the 71st Primetime Emmy Awards.
Also coming with powerful graphic representations that were noticed by audiences and industry veterans, such as a bird falling from the sky on a school’s playground, concrete being poured on to coffins and many more, this series showcased some of the most moving and high-intensity moments from the Chernobyl disaster decades ago.
Created and written by Craig Mazin and directed by Johan Renck, the series is based in large part on the recollections of the Pripyat (a ghost city post the disaster) locals and as told by Belarusian Nobel laureate Svetlana Alexievich in her book ‘Voices from Chernobyl’.
The show has received widespread critical acclaim from across the world. Praised as a “fiercely intelligent exposition of the human cost of state censorship”, many reviewers from The Atlantic, The Washington Post, and BBC observed parallels to contemporary society by focusing on the power of information and how dishonest leaders can make mistakes beyond their comprehension.
'Chernobyl'71st Primetime Emmy AwardsBelarusian NobelJohan RenckStar WorldSvetlana Alexievich
Zee Cinema to premiere ‘Geeta Govinda’ on 25 Dec
&flix to premiere crime-thriller ‘Holmes and Watson’ on 6 Oct
Star World to premiere ‘Pose’ on 26 Aug
Star World to premiere American crime drama series ‘Jett’ on 12 Aug
Star World boosts Sunday primetime with new programming slot ‘The Real Side’
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What happens if you don't get a high ATAR?
By Anna Prytz
December 11, 2018 — 11.30am
On Friday, year 12 students who are eligible for an Australian Tertiary Admission Rank (ATAR) will learn whether they have received the marks they need to enter their chosen field of study.
If your ATAR is lower than you hoped for, it doesn't mean your career won't soar. That might be hard to see for a lot of students feeling the pressure as results day approaches, so we spoke to some successful people who are living, thriving proof.
Rhian and Jordan Stavely: Academics
The high-school sweethearts were there for each other when they both received low ATARs and have stayed together as they turned their academic lives around to reach the prestigious heights of Harvard.
Rhian Stavely's career is taking his family to Harvard. Credit:Eddie Jim
In 2019 they will relocate their young family to Boston where Rhian, having just completed his PhD, will take part in a prestigious stem-cell therapy research program at the iconic university and Jordan will work in teaching after finishing her Masters of Education.
Rhian scored lower than he hoped in his VCE, but was able to enrol in Victoria University and hasn't looked back.
"I had a teacher who really encouraged me with biology and I fell in love with it," he said. "The staff are such passionate people and some of them are at the top of their game in the world - it really depends on the people you meet along the way."
Raised by a single mother in Westmeadows, Rhian completed his bachelor of biomedical science and honours then moved into the PhD program. He found his niche in stem-cell research for treatments for Hirschsprung's disease, a colon condition affecting infants, before the offer came from Harvard Medical School. He has only just turned 26.
"The scores don't really matter, you have to put your hand up, have conversations with people, be passionate," he said.
"The whole ATAR thing puts a lot of pressure on kids. They can still be what they want to be."
Jordan, who scored below 50, made her way part-time through Victoria University Polytechnic as a pathway into the university proper.
"It was an ongoing, evolving thing. Just chipping away," she said.
She said the family was feeling "pure excitement" about their move stateside.
"It's going to be a massive experience," Jordan said.
"That's the thing, life is such a long journey and there's no point stressing over [the VCE] when there are heaps more things to get through."
Marcus Pearl: Chief executive
A score of 52.15 did little to set back the fortunes of corporate high-flyer Marcus Pearl.
Marcus Pearl turned his career fortunes around after a disappointing VCE score.
In the 20 years since leaving school, Marcus has turned his low grade into a stellar finance and insurance career including a stint as a director of Global Financial Markets at ANZ. He is currently chief executive of insurance company Primacy Underwriting Management and a ward councillor at the City of Port Phillip.
With his final two years at high school marred by the death of his mother, Marcus said he needed some time off after his disappointing results to recalibrate.
"If I was talking to a teenager in my position then I would say now's the time to think laterally," he said.
"Take action to get the experience you need to work out what you want to do with your life, seek out experts in that field to help you.
"The thing that got me to the positions I hold now is work experience."
As well as work placement, he made his way through TAFE then to Deakin University to leave with a Bachelor of Commerce with first class honours.
Marcus, who lives with his wife and three-year-old daughter in Albert Park, said the most important thing to help a teen through a dispiriting score was kindness from others.
"For the people around that person, if you have a friend who hasn't done that well, it's very important to be supportive and also for the parents to be supportive.
"It was my friends who told me 'you have nothing to worry about, we'll get through this and help you'. The only negative reactions I got were from people's parents."
"The score is not a branding on a person."
Dan Hong: Executive chef
School just wasn't the right fit for Dan Hong. The high-profile chef is a big proponent of hard work, just not homework.
Dan Hong went from slack student to executive chef. Credit:Eddie Jim
"I hated school, I hated studying," he said.
"Before cooking, I never knew I was good at anything before. When I realised I was pretty good at it, I thought I would try my best."
It was his mother, who ran successful Vietnamese restaurants, who suggested cooking as a career move when it was clear academia wasn't an option. Dan failed his HSC but happily took up an apprenticeship.
Now, as an executive chef for Sydney's lauded Merivale restaurant group, he helms eateries such as Mr Wong and est. and caters big-name events including the Melbourne Cup as well as appearing on television in SBS series The Chef's Line.
The 35-year-old said finding his passion for the hands-on hard work and practicality of the kitchen was life-changing.
"I never take for granted my position where I am now," he said.
Now a father-of-three, his advice for young people is to play to your strengths.
"Once you find something you realise you're good at, try your hardest at it," he said.
"If you're not going to go that school/uni way, be prepared to work. You have to give it your all and be passionate or it won't happen."
Anna Prytz
Anna is a breaking and general news reporter at The Age.
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A New Origin Story for Dogs
The first domesticated animals may have been tamed twice.
Katie Salvi
Story by Ed Yong
Tens of thousands of years ago, before the internet, before the Industrial Revolution, before literature and mathematics, bronze and iron, before the advent of agriculture, early humans formed an unlikely partnership with another animal—the grey wolf. The fates of our two species became braided together. The wolves changed in body and temperament. Their skulls, teeth, and paws shrank. Their ears flopped. They gained a docile disposition, becoming both less frightening and less fearful. They learned to read the complex expressions that ripple across human faces. They turned into dogs.
Today, dogs are such familiar parts of our lives—our reputed best friends and subject of many a meme—that it’s easy to take them, and what they represent, for granted. Dogs were the first domesticated animals, and their barks heralded the Anthropocene. We raised puppies well before we raised kittens or chickens; before we herded cows, goats, pigs, and sheep; before we planted rice, wheat, barley, and corn; before we remade the world.
“Remove domestication from the human species, and there’s probably a couple of million of us on the planet, max,” says archaeologist and geneticist Greger Larson. “Instead, what do we have? Seven billion people, climate change, travel, innovation and everything. Domestication has influenced the entire earth. And dogs were the first.” For most of human history, “we’re not dissimilar to any other wild primate. We’re manipulating our environments, but not on a scale bigger than, say, a herd of African elephants. And then, we go into partnership with this group of wolves. They altered our relationship with the natural world.”
Larson wants to pin down their origins. He wants to know when, where, and how they were domesticated from wolves. But after decades of dogged effort, he and his fellow scientists are still arguing about the answers. They agree that all dogs, from low-slung corgis to towering mastiffs, are the tame descendants of wild ancestral wolves. But everything else is up for grabs.
Some say wolves were domesticated around 10,000 years ago, while others say 30,000. Some claim it happened in Europe, others in the Middle East, or East Asia. Some think early human hunter-gatherers actively tamed and bred wolves. Others say wolves domesticated themselves, by scavenging the carcasses left by human hunters, or loitering around campfires, growing tamer with each generation until they became permanent companions.
Dogs were domesticated so long ago, and have cross-bred so often with wolves and each other, that their genes are like “a completely homogenous bowl of soup,” Larson tells me, in his office at the University of Oxford. “Somebody goes: what ingredients were added, in what proportion and in what order, to make that soup?” He shrugs his shoulders. “The patterns we see could have been created by 17 different narrative scenarios, and we have no way of discriminating between them.”
The only way of doing so is to look into the past. Larson, who is fast-talking, eminently likable, and grounded in both archaeology and genetics, has been gathering fossils and collaborators in an attempt to yank the DNA out of as many dog and wolf fossils as he can. Those sequences will show exactly how the ancient canines relate to each other and to modern pooches. They’re the field’s best hope for getting firm answers to questions that have hounded them for decades.
And already, they have yielded a surprising discovery that could radically reframe the debate around dog domestication, so that the big question is no longer when it happened, or where, but how many times.
On the eastern edge of Ireland lies Newgrange, a 4,800-year-old monument that predates Stonehenge and the pyramids of Giza. Beneath its large circular mound and within its underground chambers lie many fragments of animal bones. And among those fragments, Dan Bradley from Trinity College Dublin found the petrous bone of a dog.
Press your finger behind your ear. That’s the petrous. It’s a bulbous knob of very dense bone that’s exceptionally good at preserving DNA. If you try to pull DNA out of a fossil, most of it will come from contaminating microbes and just a few percent will come from the bone’s actual owner. But if you’ve got a petrous bone, that proportion can be as high as 80 percent. And indeed, Bradley found DNA galore within the bone, enough to sequence the full genome of the long-dead dog.
Larson and his colleague Laurent Frantz then compared the Newgrange sequences with those of almost 700 modern dogs, and built a family tree that revealed the relationships between these individuals. To their surprise, that tree had an obvious fork in its trunk—a deep divide between two doggie dynasties. One includes all the dogs from eastern Eurasia, such as Shar Peis and Tibetan mastiffs. The other includes all the western Eurasian breeds, and the Newgrange dog.
The genomes of the dogs from the western branch suggest that they went through a population bottleneck—a dramatic dwindling of numbers. Larson interprets this as evidence of a long migration. He thinks that the two dog lineages began as a single population in the east, before one branch broke off and headed west. This supports the idea that dogs were domesticated somewhere in China.
But there’s a critical twist.
The team calculated that the two dog dynasties split from each other between 6,400 and 14,000 years ago. But the oldest dog fossils in both western and eastern Eurasia are older than that. Which means that when those eastern dogs migrated west into Europe, there were already dogs there.
To Larson, these details only make sense if dogs were domesticated twice.
“Through gritted teeth, I said: We’re fucking doing dogs. And he said: I’m in.”
Here’s the full story, as he sees it. Many thousands of years ago, somewhere in western Eurasia, humans domesticated grey wolves. The same thing happened independently, far away in the east. So, at this time, there were two distinct and geographically separated groups of dogs. Let’s call them Ancient Western and Ancient Eastern. Around the Bronze Age, some of the Ancient Eastern dogs migrated westward alongside their human partners, separating from their homebound peers and creating the deep split in Larson’s tree. Along their travels, these migrants encountered the indigenous Ancient Western dogs, mated with them (doggy style, presumably), and effectively replaced them.
Today’s eastern dogs are the descendants of the Ancient Eastern ones. But today’s western dogs (and the Newgrange one) trace most of their ancestry to the Ancient Eastern migrants. Less than 10 percent comes from the Ancient Western dogs, which have since gone extinct.
This is a bold story for Larson to endorse, not least because he himself has come down hard on other papers suggesting that cows, sheep, or other species were domesticated twice. “Any claims for more than one need to be substantially backed up by a lot of evidence,” he says. “Pigs were clearly domesticated in Anatolia and in East Asia. Everything else is once.” Well, except maybe dogs.
Other canine genetics experts think that Larson’s barking up the wrong tree. “I’m somewhat underwhelmed, since it’s based on a single specimen,” says Bob Wayne from the University of California, Los Angeles. He buys that there’s a deep genetic division between modern dogs. But, it’s still possible that dogs were domesticated just once, creating a large, widespread, interbreeding population that only later resolved into two distinct lineages.
In 2013, Wayne’s team compared the mitochondrial genomes (small rings of DNA that sit outside the main set) of 126 modern dogs and wolves, and 18 fossils. They concluded that dogs were domesticated somewhere in Europe or western Siberia, between 18,800 and 32,100 years ago. And genes aside, “the density of fossils from Europe tells us something,” says Wayne. “There are many things that look like dogs, and nothing quite like that in east Asia.”
Peter Savolainen from the KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm disagrees. By comparing the full genomes of 58 modern wolves and dogs, his team has shown that dogs in southern China are the most genetically diverse in the world. They must have originated there around 33,000 years ago, he says, before a subset of them migrated west 18,000 years later.
That’s essentially the same story that Larson is telling. The key difference is that Savolainen doesn’t buy the existence of an independently domesticated group of western dogs. “That’s stretching the data very much,” he says. Those Ancient Western dogs might have just been wolves, he says. Or perhaps they were an even earlier group of migrants from the east. “I think the picture must seem a bit chaotic,” he says understatedly. “But for me, it’s pretty clear. It must have happened in southern East Asia. You can’t interpret it any other way.”
Except, you totally can. Wayne does (“I’m certainly less dogmatic than Peter,” he says). Adam Boyko from Cornell University does, too: after studying the genes of village dogs—free-ranging mutts that live near human settlements—he argued for a single domestication in Central Asia, somewhere near India or Nepal. And clearly, Larson does as well.
Larson adds that his gene-focused peers are ignoring one crucial line of evidence—bones. If dogs originated just once, there should be a neat gradient of fossils with the oldest ones at the center of domestication and the youngest ones far away from it. That’s not what we have. Instead, archaeologists have found 15,000-year-old dog fossils in western Europe, 12,500-year-old ones in east Asia, and nothing older than 8,000 years in between.
“If we’re wrong, then how on earth do you explain the archaeological data?” says Larson. “Did dogs jump from East Asia to Western Europe in a week, and then go all the way back 4,000 years later?” No. A dual domestication makes more sense. Mietje Genompré, an archaeologist from the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, agrees that the bones support Larson’s idea. “For me, it’s very convincing,” she says.
But even Larson is hedging his bets. When I ask him how strong his evidence is, he says, “Like, put a number on it? If was being bold, I’d say it’s a 7 out of 10. We lack the smoking gun.”
Why is this so hard? Of all the problems that scientists struggle with, why has the origin of dogs been such a bitch to solve?
“And then, we go into partnership with this group of wolves. They altered our relationship with the natural world.”
For starters, the timing is hard to pin down because no one knows exactly how fast dog genomes change. That pace—the mutation rate—underpins a lot of genetic studies. It allows scientists to compare modern dogs and ask: How long ago must these lineages have diverged in order to build up this many differences in their genes? And since individual teams use mutation rate estimates that are wildly different, it’s no wonder they’ve arrived at conflicting answers.
Regardless of the exact date, it’s clear that over thousands of years, dogs have mated with each other, cross-bred with wolves, travelled over the world, and been deliberately bred by humans. The resulting ebb and flow of genes has turned their history into a muddy, turbid mess—the homogeneous soup that Larson envisages.
Wolves provide no clarity. Grey wolves used to live across the entire Northern Hemisphere, so they could have potentially been domesticated anywhere within that vast range (although North America is certainly out). What’s more, genetic studies tell us that no living group of wolves is more closely related to dogs than any other, which means that the wolves that originally gave rise to dogs are now extinct. Sequencing living wolves and dogs will never truly reveal their shrouded past; it’d be, as Larson says, like trying to solve a crime when the culprit isn’t even on the list of suspects.
“The only way to know for sure is to go back in time,” he adds.
The study informally known as the Big Dog Project was born of frustration. Back in 2011, Larson was working hard on the origin of domestic pigs, and became annoyed that scientists studying dogs were getting less rigorous papers in more prestigious journals, simply because their subjects were that much more charismatic and media-friendly. So he called up his longstanding collaborator Keith Dobney. “Through gritted teeth, I said: We’re fucking doing dogs. And he said: I’m in.”
Right from the start, the duo realized that studying living dogs would never settle the great domestication debate. The only way to do that was to sequence ancient DNA from fossil dogs and wolves, throughout their range and at different points in history. While other scientists were studying the soup of dog genetics by tasting the finished product, Larson would reach back in time to taste it at every step of its creation, allowing him to definitively reconstruct the entire recipe.
In recent decades, scientists have become increasingly successful at extracting and sequencing strands of DNA from fossils. This ancient DNA has done wonders for our understanding of our own evolution. It showed, for example, how Europe was colonized 40,000 years ago by hunter-gatherers moving up from Africa, then 8,000 years ago by Middle Eastern farmers, and 5,000 years ago by horse-riding herders from the Russian steppes. “Everyone in Europe today is a blend of those three populations,” says Larson, who hopes to parse the dog genome in the same way, by slicing it into its constituent ingredients.
Larson originally envisaged a small project—just him and Dobney analyzing a few fossils. But he got more funding, collaborators, and samples than he expected. “It just kind of metastasized out of all proportion,” he says. He and his colleagues would travel the world, drilling into fossils and carting chips of bone back to Oxford. They went to museums and private collections. (“There was a guy up in York who had a ton of stuff in his garage.”) They grabbed bones from archaeological sites.
The pieces of bone come back to a facility in Oxford called the Palaeo-BARN—the Palaeogenomics and Bioarchaeology Research Network. When I toured the facility with Larson, we wore white overalls, surgical masks, oversoles, and purple gloves, to keep our DNA (and that of our skin microbes) away from the precious fossil samples. Larson called them ‘spacesuits.’ I was thinking ‘thrift-store ninja.’
In one room, the team shoves pieces of bone into a machine that pounds it with a small ball bearing, turning solid shards into fine powder. They then send the powder through a gauntlet of chemicals and filters to pull out the DNA and get rid of everything else. The result is a tiny drop of liquid that contains the genetic essence of a long-dead dog or wolf. Larson’s freezer contains 1,500 such drops, and many more are on the way. “It’s truly fantastic the kind of data that he has gathered,” says Savolainen.
True to his roots in archaeology, Larson isn’t ignoring the bones. His team photographed the skulls of some 7,000 prehistoric dogs and wolves at 220 angles each, and rebuilt them in virtual space. They can use a technique called geometric morphometrics to see how different features on the skulls have evolved over time.
The two lines of evidence—DNA and bones—should either support or refute the double domestication idea. It will also help to clear some confusion over a few peculiar fossils, such as a 36,000 year old skull from Goyet cave in Belgium. Genompré thinks it’s a primitive dog. “It falls outside the variability of wolves: it’s smaller and the snout is different,” she says. Others say it’s too dissimilar to modern dogs. Wayne has suggested that it represents an aborted attempt at domestication—a line of dogs that didn’t contribute to modern populations and is now extinct.
Maybe the Goyet hound was part of Larson’s hypothetical Ancient Western group, domesticated shortly after modern humans arrived in Europe. Maybe it represented yet another separate flirtation with domestication. All of these options are on the table, and Larson thinks he has the data to tell them apart. “We can start putting numbers on the difference between dogs and wolves,” he says. “We can say this is what all the wolves at this time period look like; does the Goyet material fall within that realm, or does it look like dogs from later on?”
Larson hopes to have the first big answers within six to twelve months. “I think it’ll clearly show that some things can’t be right, and will narrow down the number of hypotheses,” says Boyko. “It may narrow it down to one but I’m not holding my breath on that.” Wayne is more optimistic. “Ancient DNA will provide much more definitive data than we had in the past,” he says. “[Larson] convinced everyone of that. He’s a great diplomat.”
Indeed, beyond accumulating DNA and virtual skulls, Larson’s greatest skill is in gathering collaborators. In 2013, he rounded up as many dog researchers as he could and flew them to Aberdeen, so he could get them talking. “I won’t say there was no tension,” he says. “You go into a room with someone who has written something that sort of implies you aren’t doing very good science... there will be tension. But it went away very quickly. And, frankly: alcohol.”
“Everyone was like: You know what? If I’m completely wrong and I have to eat crow on this, I don’t give a shit. I just want to know.”
Ed Yong is a staff writer at The Atlantic, where he covers science.
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Shouty Old White Coaches Heart Donald Trump
Coaches Lou Holtz, Bobby Knight, and Gene Keady all have different policy reasons for supporting Trump. But they all share a desire to tell the less powerful to remember their place.
Jim Young/Reuters
It should come as no surprise that former Indiana basketball coach Bobby Knight wants to Make America Great Again.
Knight’s authoritarian brand of coaching—chair-throwing, cuss-spewing, all delivered through a face constantly discovering new shades of red—matches up perfectly with the protestor-bashing, wall-building, anti-woman and anti-immigrant campaign Trump has run thus far. As the critical Indiana primary approaches, Trump has added another pair of legendary Indiana coaches to his roster of endorsers, with Notre Dame’s Lou Holtz and Purdue’s Gene Keady rounding out his triumvirate.
The trio has expressed varying reasons for their support of Trump. Holtz told The Washington Post his decision was informed primarily by his enjoyment of Trump’s hotels and golf courses. “He does nothing but go first class in everything, he wants this country to be first class as well,” he said.
Knight commends Trump’s can-do spirit. As he told TIME, “He’s pretty good at looking at things and deciding what has to be done, and then getting it done.”
Keady, on the other hand, loves Trump’s foreign policy. “I heard his foreign policy speech the other day. I just said he won himself the presidency,” he told the Washington Examiner.
These men who spent their lives meticulously shaping their teams through hard-line discipline see that same spirit when Trump threatens Black Lives Matters protestors and promises crackdowns on illegal immigrants from Mexico. Coaches see Trump expressing the same kind of my-way-or-the-highway sentiments they have used on their teams for ages.
Coaches see themselves as molding boys into men through hard work and discipline, and thus they can see themselves in Trump’s promises to Make America Great Again through a return to the values of bootstraps conservatism, a submission to authority and hard work.
This hook is proving particularly effective in 2016 as conservative figures see their authority under attack from all angles. In college sports, the successful protest by the Missouri football players this past fall represents the most prominent such attack on traditional values. Instead of seeing young men who banded together to stand up for their rights, conservative commentators like the ones at Red State saw the protest as the work of “cowardly liberal lazy douchebags.”
Powerful figures like police unions saw public statements by athletes in support of the victims of police brutality not as powerful actions in support of their community but as “pathetic” and requiring apology.
Trump himself goes even farther, like when he described a Black Lives Matter protester at one of his rallies as “absolutely disgusting” and saying, “Maybe he should have been roughed up.“
The response from Trump and his ilk to the Black Lives Matter movement is particularly relevant to understanding why coaches have rushed to Trump’s corner. Look back to the late 1960s when the Civil Rights Movement kicked off protests across college campuses nationwide. These protests spilled over into athletics, where black athletes began to stand up to their white coaches in large numbers for the first time in the history of college sports.
One of the biggest protests happened at Oregon State University, where head football coach Dee Andros attempted to place a ban on facial hair, a policy directed at a number of Black athletes who were growing beards and mustaches.
“I’m not just fighting hair on the face,” Andros told Sports Illustrated in 1969. “I’m fighting for a principle of education—the right to run my department. If I thought it would end with a beard or a mustache, I wouldn’t be so bullheaded. But if they beat you on one issue, they’ll keep right on.”
Andros added that he couldn’t “abandon the concepts of training, discipline, team unity and morale” and that athletes must have the “willingness” to subordinate himself to a cause greater than himself. Author John Underwood wrote that Andros was aware his stance might be seen as undemocratic, but “he wasn’t trying to run a democracy, he was trying to run an athletic program.”
Men like Andros, Knight, Keady and Holtz profited their entire careers from unpaid labor, much of it the labor of black athletes. College coaches, of course, don’t see it this way. They think athletes should submit and be grateful for the opportunities they are given even as they lack the money necessary to pay for food, all while their coaches rake in multimillion dollar salaries. Now, they see their positions and the values they stood for threatened by what they perceive as a dissolution of the rules that held society together.
In Trump, they see somebody else willing to stand up and tell people to remember their place.
Trump knows this desire for strength from authority figures all too well. In his autobiography The Art of the Deal, Trump writes about his baseball coach at New York Military Academy, Theodore Dobias. Trump presents him as the stereotypical image of a no-nonsense military man, “a former drill sergeant in the marines, and physically he was very tough and very rough,” and how he learned to manipulate this man’s hardcore attitude.
“I figured out what it would take to get Dobias on my side. In a way, I finessed him. It helped that I was a good athlete, since he was the baseball coach and I was the captain of the team. But I also learned how to play him.
What I did, basically, was to convey that I respected his authority, but that he didn’t intimidate me. It was a delicate balance. Like so many strong guys, Dobias had a tendency to go for the jugular if he smelled weakness. On the other hand, if he sensed strength but you didn’t try to undermine him, he treated you like a man. From the time I figured that out—and it was more an instinct than a conscious thought—we got along great.”
Trump’s actual policy positions were almost meaningless when it came to attaining the respect and support of Knight, Keady and Holtz. They all see different things in Trump, whether it’s business sense or brutal toughness or classiness. The common thread is Trump’s projection of authority and his total disdain for weakness in any form. Whether or not there is any substance to Trump’s displays of strength is irrelevant. He has pulled the same finesse on them as he claims to have pulled on Drill Sergeant Dobias back at New York Military Academy. And it just might win him the Republican nomination for President.
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Canada’s Cities Lead on Climate Action
July 27, 2014 Updated: December 18, 2015
Amid the dire warnings about global warming’s impacts, what’s often overlooked is that actions to reduce or prevent them will lead to livable communities, improved air quality, protection of natural spaces, and greater economic efficiency, to name just a few benefits. So it’s not surprising that tangible positive action on climate change is happening in Canada’s cities.
Plenty of examples can be found in the National Measures Report, released in mid-July by the Partners for Climate Protection, which includes the Federation of Canadian Municipalities and ICLEI-Canada, a local government organization dedicated to sustainability.
The report shows that, although Calgary is best known as the epicentre of Canada’s oil and gas sector, its government is investing in greater energy efficiency and tackling greenhouse gas pollution. In just seven years, it has cut emissions from operations by almost 50 percent through an innovative partnership with energy companies. Cost savings from reduced energy use pay for the city’s investments.
Edmonton was an early innovator in waste management, establishing one of the first municipal composting programs in 2000. Its facility is the largest of its kind in North America. Not only does it take in organic waste from households, it also processes sewage sludge from the wastewater treatment plant. Along with its recycling program, the city now keeps up to 60 percent of its municipal waste out of landfills, and is aiming to increase that to 90 percent. How does this help with climate change? Diverting waste away from landfills reduces emissions of methane, a greenhouse gas many times more potent than carbon dioxide.
In Ontario, Guelph is enjoying an economic revival and reducing energy use and greenhouse gas emissions at the same time. Supported by Ontario’s Green Energy Act, the city aims to meet 25 percent of its total energy needs with locally sourced renewable energy. The policy turned out to be a boon for the manufacturing sector, attracting solar industry plants to Guelph and across the region.
My hometown, Vancouver, is the real leader on Canadian urban climate initiatives. It has the lowest greenhouse gas emissions of any major North American city—and they’re continuing to drop. B.C is lucky to be powered by low-carbon hydroelectric power; Vancouver leverages this advantage by making smart urban-planning decisions and encouraging active transportation such as walking, biking and public transit. Almost half of city trips are now made without a car. Battling sprawl and encouraging sustainable transportation has its advantages beyond reducing the carbon footprint. Good transit and improved liveability have attracted people to Vancouver’s increasingly vibrant downtown core, lush green spaces, and seaside pathways.
Local progress can spur even greater momentum as cities collaborate with each other and other levels of government. The C40 Climate Leadership Group, started in 2005, has grown from 18 to 69 megacities around the world, including Toronto and Vancouver—representing one in 12 people on the planet. C40 and related initiatives have allowed cities to set goals together, measure and verify progress, and share success stories on how to tackle global warming, while reaching out to smaller centres and co-operating with national governments.
The influence and importance of tackling global warming at the municipal level has become so great that the U.N. now formally recognizes city governments in negotiations on climate change. It makes sense. The U.N. notes that although cities cover just two percent of the world’s surface, they produce more than 60 percent of CO2 emissions.
How can federal and provincial governments get on board? First, they can establish policies that offer financial and program support to urban global warming action, such as investing in public transportation. The B.C government has helped cities develop climate change plans and become carbon neutral, and Nova Scotia has established a Climate Change Adaptation Clearinghouse to assist cities. Other provinces could take similar action. And all provinces and the federal government need to get serious about the greenhouse gas emissions they control.
Our future will be determined by the choices we make now to prioritize clean energy, better transit, and smarter urban design. Canadian citizens and governments should recognize the benefits of acting and co-operating on global warming. There’s still a long way to go, but cities are showing the way.
Written with contributions from Ian Bruce, David Suzuki Foundation science and policy manager.
Views expressed in this article are the opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of The Epoch Times.
Coronavirus Spreads to the Middle East As Governments Take Measures to Protect Citizens
3hr By Frank Fang, Epoch Times
Australian Scientists Develop Coronavirus in Lab as Evacuated Aussies Sent to Christmas Island
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Bram Stoker Biography
Bram Stoker was a master diction writer who created the popular character Dracula, with his masterpiece of the same name. This biography profiles his childhood, life, career, timeline and accomplishments.
Birthday: November 8, 1847
Nationality: Irish
Famous: Quotes By Bram Stoker Novelists
Died At Age: 64
Sun Sign: Scorpio
Also Known As: Abraham Stoker
Born in: Clontarf, Dublin, Ireland
Famous as: Creator of Dracula
Spouse/Ex-: Florence Balcombe (m. 1878–1912)
father: Abraham Stoker (1799–1876)
mother: Charlotte Mathilda Blake Thornley (1818–1901)
siblings: Sir Thornley Stoker
children: Irving Noel Thornley Stoker
Died on: April 20, 1912
place of death: London, England
City: Dublin, Ireland
education: Trinity College, Dublin
Bram Stoker was an Irish novelist, who created the character Dracula with his Gothic novel of the same name. His science fiction writings reflected this interest in varied subjects. He supported the Liberal Party of Ireland and took keen interest in the Irish affairs. He believed in the Home rule of Ireland brought about by peaceful means. Being an ardent monarchist, he believed that Ireland should remain within the British Empire and that it was good for Ireland’s development. His fictitious character of Dracula, the vampire, has continued to garner fame and inspire many films, theatricals and other literary creations, for more than a century. He was employed as an auditor of the College Historical Society and also as the president of the University Philosophical Society. He had varied interest in the creative genre which led him to found the Sketching Club of Dublin. Anthologists frequently include Stoker's stories in collections of horror fiction. "Dracula's Guest," originally intended as an introductory chapter to Dracula, is one of the best known. He was a fan of the Romantic Movement and was a friend of Oscar Wilde. During his lifetime, he was known as the personal assistant of actor Henry Irving and as the business manager of Lyceum Theatre in London.
Irish Men
Childhood and Early Life
Bram Stoker was born on November 8, 1847 to Irish Protestant parents, Abraham Stoker and Charlotte Matilda Blake Thornley Stoker at Clontarf, Dublin.
He was a sickly child and bedridden for most of his boyhood. By the time he reached Trinity College he was strong and athletic.
His imagination was fuelled by the stories his mother told him. His interest in Irish folklore, supernatural and the occult went on to become the themes of writings.
He graduated from Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland with honours in mathematics in 1870. He joined the Irish civil service and served for ten years.
His father was a civil servant at the Dublin castle, which was home to the British Royals in Ireland. This influence helped him to join the civil services.
Quotes: You, Life
Male Writers
Male Novelists
Scorpio Writers
As a student, he became interested in theatre, influenced by his friend Dr. Maunsell. He became a popular theatre critic for the Dublin Evening Mail and gave this profession a much needed esteem.
In 1876, his favourable review of Henry Irving's play, ‘Hamlet’ at the Theatre Royal in Dublin, earned him a lifelong friendship.
His first writing was "Sensationalism in Fiction and Society” during his tenure as the president of the University Philosophical Society.
In 1879 he published his first literary work, ‘The Duties of Clerks of Petty Sessions in Ireland’. This, later on, was accepted as the handbook in legal administration in Ireland.
He moved to London and worked as Henry Irving’s manager. He performed managerial, secretarial, and even directorial duties at Lyceum Theatre for almost 27 years.
Stoker worked as the literary staff at the The Daily Telegraph from 1897. During this tenure he wrote the horror novels ‘The Lady of the Shroud’ and ‘The Lair of the White Worm’.
Quotes: Children, Music
Irish Novelists
Scorpio Men
Stoker published his horror fiction ‘Dracula’ in 1897. It revolved around the meetings of Jonathan Harke with the blood-thirsty Count Dracula. The bloodcurdling tales haunt readers even after a hundred years.
After Irving’s death in 1906, Stoker published his ‘Life of Irving” which proved to be successful, and continued to manage the productions at the Prince of Wales Theatre.
He had written many short stories which were not published. The collection of his short stories was posthumously published in 1914 by Stoker’s widow, Florence.
The great-grandnephew of Bram Stoker, Dacre Stoker, with encouragement from screenwriter Ian Holt, wrote a sequel to the original novel. In 2009 ‘Dracula-The Un-Dead’ was released. Their inspiration was the handwritten notes of Stoker himself.
He is popular as the least known author of one of the best-known books written. In 2012 November, on his 165th birthday, Stoker was posthumously honoured by Google with a doodle on its homepage.
Personal Life & Legacy
Both Oscar Wilde and Bram Stoker wooed Florence Balcombe, a celebrated beauty. Stoker successfully impressed her and married her in 1878. Their only child, a son, was born the following year.
Stoker was known world over as the personal assistant of Irving. The settings of most of his stories were inspired by the places he visited during the travels with Irving.
He stood to gain from the association with Irving, as it opened doors to the high society of London. He got the opportunity to be associated with James Mcneill Whistler and Sir Arthur Doyle.
The first film adaptation of ‘Dracula’ was released as ‘Nosferatu’ in 1922, ten years after his death. The release was mired in royalty dispute between the producers and his widow.
Bram Stoker died on April 20, 1912 due to multiple strokes at St. George’s square. He was cremated and his ashes placed in a display urn at Golders Green Crematorium, which is, even today, a tourist attraction.
In his lifetime he was not a recognised writer. On his death, none of the obituaries mentioned ‘Dracula’. The event of his death was overshadowed by the sinking of the Titanic in the same week.
The title of the most famous horror novel ever published was changed at the last minute. The original title was ‘The Un-Dead’. Its manuscript was purchased by Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen.
Quotes By Bram Stoker | Quote Of The Day | Top 100 Quotes
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Bram Stoker Bio As PDF
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- https://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/abraham-stoker-915.php
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19th Century | Celebrity Names With Letter B | 19th Century Writers | Writers Names With Letter B | 19th Century Novelists | Male Celebrity Names With Letter B
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BIRTHDAY NO.1
60 Motown Records Facts
Death, stage fright, rejection and 79 hit records made Motown a melting pot of succsess
1. Motown was originally founded by Berry Gordy Jr. as Tamla Records on January 12, 1959 and was incorporated as Motown Record Corporation on April 14, 1960. Gordy launched the label with an $800 loan from his family and royalties earned writing for Jackie Wilson, (he co-wrote “Reet Petite” a hit for Wilson).
2. Berry Gordy got his start as a songwriter for local Detroit acts such as Jackie Wilson and the Matadors. Wilson’s single “Lonely Teardrops”, written by Gordy, became a huge success.
3. Its first hit was Barrett Strong’s “Money (That’s What I Want)” (1959), which made it to number 2 on the Billboard R&B charts. It went on to be covered by many artists, including The Beatles in 1963 and the Flying Lizards in 1979.
4. Marvin Gaye was one of the co-writers of ”Dancing in the Street” (with William “Mickey” Stevenson and Ivy Jo Hunter). Martha and the Vandellas version reached number 2 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. A 1985 duet cover by David Bowie and Mick Jagger charted at No. 1 in the UK and reached No. 7 in the US.
5. During the 1960s, Motown achieved spectacular success for a small label: 79 records in the top-ten of the Billboard Hot 100 between 1960 and 1969.
6. The Marvelettes were its first significantly successful girl group after the release of their debut single the 1961 number one “Please Mr. Postman”. It became the first Motown song to reach number one position on the Billboard Hot 100 pop singles chart. Marvin Gaye played drums on the track.
7. The Supremes were founded as The Primettes in Detroit, Michigan, in 1959.
8. “Where Did Our Love Go” was originally intended by Holland-Dozier-Holland for the Marvelettes, who rejected it. Recorded by The Supremes it gave them their first US Number one.
9. Between 1961 and 1963, the Supremes released six singles, none of which charted in the Top 40 positions of the Billboard Hot 100.They were Jokingly referred to as the “no-hit Supremes” around Motown’s Hitsville U.S.A. offices.
10. The Four Tops were founded as the Four Aims, that began their careers together while they were high-school students in Detroit.
11. Levi Stubbs from the Four Tops was also a voice artist in film and animated television series, most famously having provided the voice of ‘Audrey II’, the alien plant in the 1986 musical horror comedy film Little Shop of Horrors.
12. The Temptations were originally called The Elgins.
13. “My Girl” at hit for The Temptations in 1964 was written by Smokey Robinson and Ronald White. Otis Redding covered the song on his album Otis Blue: Otis Redding Sings Soul.
14. Stevie Wonder owns the Urban Adult Contemporary radio station KJLH (102.3 FM) that serves the Los Angeles area.
15. The Beatles covered various Motown songs including: “Please Mr. Postman”, The Marvelettes, “You Really Got a Hold on Me”, The Miracles, “Shout”, the Isley Brothers, “Money (That’s What I Want)”, Barrett Strong.
16. Barrett Strong became a Motown writer lyricist, teaming with producer Norman Whitfield. Together, they wrote some of the most successful and critically acclaimed soul songs ever to be released by Motown, including “I Heard It Through the Grapevine” by both Marvin Gaye and Gladys Knight & the Pips; “War” by Edwin Starr; “Wherever I Lay My Hat (That’s My Home)” by Paul Young; “Smiling Faces Sometimes” by the Undisputed Truth; and the long line of ‘psychedelic soul’ records by the Temptations, including “Cloud Nine”, “I Can’t Get Next to You”, “Psychedelic Shack”, “Ball of Confusion (That’s What the World Is Today)”, and “Papa Was a Rollin’ Stone”.
17. Songwriter Eddie Holland was an early Motown artist who recorded minor hit singles. He started working behind the scenes due to stage fright. He was a member of Holland–Dozier–Holland, the songwriting and production team responsible for much of the Motown Sound and hit records by Martha and the Vandellas, The Supremes, The Four Tops, and The Isley Brothers, among others. He has written or co-written 80 hits in the UK and 143 in the US charts.
18. Before signing with Motown The Jackson 5 first signed with Steeltown Records in 1967 and released two singles, “Big Boy” and “We Don’t Have to Be Over 21 (To Fall in Love)”.
19. On 1st April 1984 Marvin Gaye was shot dead by his father at his parent’s home in Los Angeles, California. The argument started after his parents squabbled over misplaced business documents, Gaye attempted to intervene, and was killed by his father using a gun he had given him four months before. Marvin Sr. was sentenced to six years of probation after pleading guilty to manslaughter.
20. The Supremes were the most commercially successful of Motown’s acts and are, to date, America’s most successful vocal group with 12 number one singles on the Billboard Hot 100.
21. “Come to Me” by American singer Marv Johnson was the first ever single to be released by the Tamla Records label which would eventually become known as Motown. Johnson was discovered by Berry Gordy while Johnson performed at a carnival.
22. “Fingertips” by Little Stevie Wonder gave Tamla their second US number one single. It was also the first live, non-studio recording to reach number 1 on the Billboard Pop Singles chart.
23. In the early 70s The Jackson Five became Motown’s main marketing focus and the label capitalized on the group’s youth appeal, licensing dozens of products, including the Jackson Five heart logo on Johnny Jackson’s drum set, stickers, posters, and colouring books, as well as a board game and a Saturday morning cartoon.
24. Stevie Wonder signed with Motown’s Tamla label at the age of 11.
25. Motown was the first record label to run its own ‘charm school’ to teach artists how to perform.
26. In 1966, Berry Gordy refused to sign The Jackson 5 because he didn’t want to work with any more children. It was Gladys Knight who persuaded him to change his mind a year later.
27. The Satintones were the first group ever to record for the Motown label. The recorded six singles for the Motown label between 1959 and 1961, though they never scored a hit record.
28. Mable John became the first female signed by Berry Gordy to Motown’s Tamla label. She released the 1960 single “Who Wouldn’t Love a Man Like That”. After leaving Motown, John spent several years as a Raelette, backing many Ray Charles hits.
29. The biggest-selling Motown singles in the UK were “I Just Called To Say I Love You” by Stevie Wonder, and “Hello” by Lionel Richie.
30. Some of the lesser-known artists who recorded for Motown in the early 60s include: Singin’ Sammy Ward, Popcorn and the Mohawks, Paul Gayten, Nick & the Jaguars, The Twistin’ Kings, The Swinging Tigers and The Golden Harmoneers.
31. The Jackson 5 were the first black male group to debut with four consecutive number one hits on the Hot 100 with the songs “I Want You Back”, “ABC”, “The Love You Save”, and “I’ll Be There”
32. American soul singer Nella Dodds was the first Motown act to make the charts with a version of “Come See About Me” which later became a number one hit for The Supremes.
33. The Supremes’ choreography for “Stop! In the Name of Love” involved one hand on the hip and the other outstretched in a “stop” gesture. Paul Williams and Melvin Franklin of The Temptations taught the girls the routine backstage in London, England before the Supremes’ first televised performance of the single on the Ready Steady Go! special ‘The Sound of Motown.’
34. Gladys Knight has won seven Grammy Awards (four as a solo artist and three with the Pips) and is an inductee into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame along with The Pips. She also recorded the theme song for the 1989 James Bond film Licence to Kill.
35. It took The Supremes six single releases before they scored a top 20 hit. They are now the best-charting girl group in US history.
36. A June 2009 article by The Daily Telegraph called “I Want You Back” by The Jackson 5 as ‘arguably the greatest pop record of all time’.
37. In 1953 Berry Gordy started a record shop with partner Marv Johnson called 3-D Record Mart. The shop closed two years later after going bust.
38. “I’ll Be There” by The Jackson 5 sold 4.2 million copies in the United States, and 6.1 million copies worldwide. It replaced Marvin Gaye’s “I Heard It Through the Grapevine” as the most successful single released on Motown in the US, a record it held until the release of Lionel Richie’s duet with Diana Ross, “Endless Love” (1981).
39. “Stubborn Kind of Fellow” became Marvin Gaye’s first hit single, reaching the top ten of the R&B chart and the top fifty of the Billboard Hot 100 in late 1962.
40. The 1963 hit “Heat Wave” by Martha and the Vandellas was one of the first songs to exemplify the style of music later termed as the “Motown Sound”.
41. Between 1962 and 1966, Smokey Robinson was one of the major songwriters and producers for Motown, penning many hit singles for Mary Wells, the Temptations, Marvin Gaye and the Marvelettes.
42. Stevie Wonder was born six weeks early. The stunted growth of blood vessels in the back of his eyes caused his retinas to detach, and the oxygen pumped into his incubator made the condition worse, leaving him permanently blind.
43. The Funk Brothers were a group of Detroit-based session musicians who performed the backing to most Motown recordings from 1959 until the company moved to Los Angeles in 1972. They played on Motown hits such as “My Girl”, “I Heard It Through the Grapevine”, “Baby Love”, “Signed, Sealed, Delivered I’m Yours”, “Papa Was a Rollin’ Stone”, “The Tears of a Clown”, “Ain’t No Mountain High Enough”, and “Heat Wave”.
44. “Cloud Nine” released in 1969 by The Temptations won Motown its first Grammy Award.
45. Tammi Terrell scored seven Top 40 singles on the Billboard Hot 100, including “Ain’t No Mountain High Enough”, “Ain’t Nothing Like the Real Thing” and “You’re All I Need to Get By”. Terrell’s career was interrupted when she collapsed into Marvin Gaye’s arms as the two performed at a concert at Hampden–Sydney College on October 14, 1967, with Terrell later being diagnosed with a brain tumor. She died on March 16 1970 from complications from brain cancer, a month shy of her 25th birthday.
46. Martha Reeves initially worked for Motown as the office secretary.
47. The song writing and production team Holland–Dozier–Holland was made up of Lamont Dozier and brothers Brian and Eddie Holland. They wrote many hits for Motown artists including: include “Stop! In the Name of Love” and “You Can’t Hurry Love” (the Supremes), “Heat Wave” and “Jimmy Mack” (Martha and the Vandellas), “Reach Out I’ll Be There” and “Baby I Need Your Loving” (the Four Tops), and “Can I Get a Witness” and “How Sweet It Is to Be Loved by You” (Marvin Gaye).
48. American bass player James Jamerson was the uncredited bassist on most of the Motown Records hits in the 1960s and early 1970s. As a session musician he played on 30 Billboard number 1 hits.
49. The debut studio album by Stevie Wonder (then billed as Little Stevie Wonder), The Jazz Soul of Little Stevie showcases the 12-year-old Wonder’s talents as a composer and instrumentalist, and it’s one of two Wonder studio albums on which he doesn’t sing (the other being Eivets Rednow).
50. Motown was the first commercial US record label to be owned by an African American. Between 1961 and 1971, Motown produced 110 US top 10 hits.
51. Before they were The Temptations, the members were in two different groups; the Primes and the Distants. The two groups were based out of Detroit, and they joined together when the Distants lost some of its members.
52. According to Ross, her mother actually named her “Diane”, but, a clerical error resulted in her name being recorded as “Diana” on her birth certificate.
53. Berry Gordy briefly worked on the assembly line at a Ford car plant. It is rumoured that Gordy based his hit factory after the Detroit car assembly line that he knew so well: Make a good product, then make something similar, and make it quick.
54. Stevie Wonder became the first Motown artist to negotiate a contract that allowed for complete artistic control of his music.
55. The Temptations have thirty-seven top 40 hits to their credit, and they were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1989.
56. “Shop Around” by The Miracles became Motown’s first million-selling record.
57. Diana Ross once worked at Hudson’s Department Store in downtown Detroit, where it has been claimed in biographies, she was the first black employee “allowed outside the kitchen”
58. Stevie Wonder’s harmonica playing can be heard on such hits as Chaka Khan’s “I Feel For You”, Elton John’s “I Guess That’s Why They Call It The Blues”, The Eurythmics “There Must be an Angel”, and Sting’s “Brand New Day”.
59. The Temptations were the first Motown act to earn a Grammy Award, for “Cloud Nine” in 1969
60. Throughout the Sixties, Motown produced a catalogue of songs that cannot be rivalled. “You’ve Really Got a Hold On Me,” “Heat Wave,” “Dancing in the Street,” “Tracks of My Tears,” “Where Did Our Love Go,” “My Guy,” “My Girl,” “Baby Love,” “Reach Out, I’ll Be There,” “I Can’t Help Myself,” “I Want You Back”, “Get Ready,” “Signed, Sealed, Delivered,” “Stop! In the Name of Love,” “The Way You Do the Things You Do,” and many more.
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An Alternative Investigation “Tool” for the Promotion of Human Rights
TIJ-UNODC Borderless Youth Forum
TIJ urges stakeholders to take part in shaping the Future of “Social Enterprise” in Thailand
The National Symposium on Restorative Justice
The world’s first “Borderless Youth Forum”
The TIJ, in Partnership with 4 Parties, Is Offering an Alternative Investigation “Tool” for the Promotion of Human Rights
The Thailand Institute of Justice (TIJ), is partnering with the Department of Special Investigation (DSI), the Rights and Liberties Protection Department, the Association for the Prevention of Torture (APT), and the Norwegian Center for Human Rights (NCHR) in holding a forum entitled the “Professional Forum on Future of Investigation: The Investigative Interviewing and Associated Safeguards for Thailand.” The focus is on the development of international-equivalent investigative regulations and the promotion of the rule of law in parallel with human rights principles.
One of the keys to resolving criminal cases is investigation that respects human rights principles. If the initial investigation, beginning with the arrest process, begins with human rights abuses, the case, as well as the entire criminal justice process, will be affected as the society will lack confidence in the accuracy and fairness of the judicial process.
In his opening remark at the forum, Prof. Dr. Kittipong Kittayarak, TIJ Executive Director, stated the following in this connection:
“One thing that will make people feel confident in the justice process and that is it fair is to make truth appear without any doubts. Investigation, which is the beginning of the perusal and proof of truth, is one of the most important parts of the justice process.”
The forum was attended by professionals and experts from various related agencies, such as Mr. Julien Garsany, Deputy Regional Representative Southeast Asia and the Pacific of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), Mr. Som Phromros, Director-general of the Rights and Liberties Protection Department from the Ministry of Justice, Pol. Lt-Colonel Komwit Pattanarat, Expert in Foreign Affairs and International Crime from the Department of Special Investigation, Mr. Juan E. Mendez, Former UN Special Rapporteur on Torture, Prof. Narong Jaiharn, Chair of the Sub-committee on the Prevention of Torture and Enforced Disappearance Cases, and others. Also, the forum was attended by more than 100 participants, including international experts, national experts, officers, and investigative delegates.
Mr. Julien Garsany, Deputy Regional Representative Southeast Asia and the Pacific of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), indicated during the opening speech that the study found that an investigation process that includes torture or intimidation can lead to unreliable information and unreliable justice processes. Likewise, Mr.Juan E. Mendez, Former UN Special Rapporteur on Torture, stated that during an investigation, torture will make the suspect respond in a way that pleases the investigator and will lead to unreliable information. Torture and other coercion methods are also against international treaties and international standards on human rights.
For this reason, the development of “the Guidelines on Investigative Interviewing and Associated Safeguards,” which is an alternative “tool,” is an important part of supporting investigation operations. By helping to determine ways to investigate criminal cases effectively without coercion, the guidelines may reduce the consequences of torture. Mr. Som Phromros, Director-general of the Rights and Liberties Protection Department from the Ministry of Justice, commented as follows: “The Rights and Liberties Protection Department has collaborated with the NCHR to train various relevant agencies in investigative interviewing and has received good cooperation. Participating in this forum, every department is encouraged to effectively apply the information obtained to alternative investigations as well as to help drive further implementation of the guidelines.”
Further, Pol. Lt-Colonel Komwit Pattanarat, Expert in Foreign Affairs and International Crime from the DSI stated the following: “The DSI has trained investigative officers following the guidelines. We invited experts to the meeting and drafted a course outline along with creating an operation and training manual. The plan is expected to be able to be put into practice in early 2020. The DSI will cooperate with the TIJ in evaluating and developing a more standardized course for the benefit of the nation and for presenting on the international stage the progress of the investigation in Thailand.”
Investigative interviewing focuses on “humanity, and thus officers and operators must gather more information and facts. The interviewing process is divided into 6 steps as follows: (1) Planning and Preparation; (2) Introduction and Support; (3) Free Accounts; (4) Clarification and Disclosure; (5) Closure; and (6) Evaluation. It can be said that the process will focus more on investigations for corrections than accusations.
The Guidelines on Investigative Interviewing is recognized by UN agencies and follow international frameworks for torture prevention, and are currently being developed into United Nations Police (UNPOL) standards of practice. Additionally, countries in the European Union have already implemented such methods in their investigations. Further, training sessions for the guidelines are being organized in Indonesia, Vietnam, and China.
In addition, Prof. Narong Jaiharn, Chair of the Sub-committee on the Prevention of Torture and Enforced Disappearance, gave his opinion about the effective way to use investigative interviewing as an investigation tool, indicating that governments “must conduct training on investigative interviewing techniques and support changes in attitudes. Moreover, investigators are required to be prepared and to obtain information before an interrogation. They must also have sufficient time to analyze the information correctly, carefully, completely, and fairly.”
The TIJ hopes that the forum will allow investigators in Thailand to exchange insights with international experts regarding “The Guidelines on Investigative Interviewing and Associated Safeguards,” or alternative tools for the future. Aiming to make officers and operators aware of the principles and the essence of the tools to be applied in investigations, the forum will elevate the Thai justice process to meet international standards, taking human rights principles into account. The justice process that considers human rights principles, fairness, and the rule of law will allow the people to gain confidence in that process and this will lead to a justice process that truly serves the people.
+15PHOTO
From Interrogation to Investigative Interviewing
Thailand Institute of Justice (Public Organization)
GPF Building Tower B, 15 - 16 th Fl., Witthayu Rd., Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
e-mail: info@tijthailand.org
© Copyright 2018 Thailand Institute of Justice All Rights Reserved
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Lori Dengler: What MyShake can (and won’t) do…
Lori Dengler: What MyShake can (and won’t) do to make you quake-safe
By Lori Dengler |
Oct. 17 was the Great ShakeOut, an opportunity to train yourself to Drop, Cover and Hold On when earthquake shaking begins. Oct. 17 was also the statewide launch of MyShake, a mobile phone app that may give you a few seconds to find a good spot to ride out the shaking. MyShake is the final step in California’s Earthquake Early Warning (EEW) effort — the part that delivers the information to you and me.
EEW is NOT an earthquake prediction system. It uses information gathered very quickly AFTER the earthquake has already begun. When we talk about earthquakes and faults, it’s a common assumption that the whole fault breaks at once. It doesn’t. Earthquakes start at a point at depth beneath the ground surface (the focus) and grows, like the crack when a rock hits your windshield. If the rupture stops after a few miles, it’s a small or moderate earthquake. For big quakes, the rupture can extend many hundreds of miles. The 1906 earthquake began on the San Andres fault offshore of San Francisco and then grew 65 miles to the south to Santa Cruz and 200 miles to the north to Cape Mendocino.
Fault rupture is very fast, moving at several miles per second, and producing seismic P- and S-waves as it propagates. The P-waves are always faster (over 3 miles per second) and, luckily for us, rarely cause damage. A P-wave can travel the distance between Eureka and San Francisco in about 70 seconds. The slightly slower S-wave is about two-thirds as fast as P. It is stronger and shakes from side-to-side motion, and causes most of the damage in earthquakes.
EEW takes advantage of both the time it takes a fault to rupture and the difference in wave speeds. If there are enough seismic stations (ideally one every 10 square miles), three or four stations will detect the initial P-wave in the first two seconds of rupture. Algorithms analyze the signals and, in less than a second, estimate the location and magnitude. If the system determines that shaking will be larger than some threshold value, it quickly sends out an alert.
The project to develop a working EEW system is called ShakeAlert and has been under development for nearly a decade. A number of groups have been beta testing the system and in January of this year, a mobile phone-based alerting system was released in Southern California. MyShake, developed at the UC Berkeley in collaboration with the USGS and other research groups now takes the notification system statewide.
To use MyShake, you need an iPhone or Android phone. Notifications DON’T get sent to landlines, by text/email or through EAS on radios and televisions. Download the free MyShake App from your application store. To activate MyShake, you need to ENABLE the location services all of the time. When an earthquake occurs, an algorithm estimates the shaking strength (intensity) based on your location. If the phone is turned off or doesn’t know where you are, you won’t be notified.
A screenshot of the MyShake app.
If the earthquake is large enough for you to feel shaking, your phone will send audible alert: “Earthquake! Drop, cover and hold on. Shaking expected.” It won’t tell you the magnitude of the earthquake, its location or how strong the shaking is likely to be. It also won’t tell you how soon the shaking will arrive. After the earthquake, you will get location and size information.
The alert will arrive before, during or after the earthquake depending upon how close you are to the epicenter and the instrumentation density. Areas within 15 miles of the quake will typically receive the alert AFTER the S-waves have arrived. If you are further away, the alert should arrive BEFORE the shaking. You may have anywhere between a few seconds and a minute before the shaking reaches you.
When you receive an alert, what you do depends on your situation. If you are indoors, find a table or desk to get under, just as you did during shakeout. If you are driving, slow your vehicle and look for a safe place to pull over on the side of the road. In a market or store, walk to an area where items are unlikely to fall on you and drop to the floor and cover your head and neck with your arm. Resist the urge to run.
MyShake also turns your phone into a sensor! All smartphones come with a built-in accelerometer. That’s what lets your phone determine up and down directions when you move it. Your phone will record the ground shaking and automatically sends the shaking data back to Berkeley to be added to the data bank and help to refine the data about shaking strength. You can view the sensor at any time by selecting the sensor under the menu options. I find it entertaining to wave my phone about and create my own earthquake.
For those of you worried about being tracked by your phone, don’t worry about MyShake. No information is kept about your particular phone after the waveforms and location have been dumped into the system. You also have the options to give feedback on shaking strength and effects and add your intensity data to the United States Geological Survey’s “Did You Feel It?” site.
MyShake won’t protect you from building damage or disrupted infrastructure. You still need to reduce hazards in your home and workplace and store emergency supplies. It will give you a precious few seconds to make your ride through the earthquake safer and to mentally prepare for the shaking. It is your responsibility to think about what you should do in that time and respond appropriately. It’s also important to be tolerant as the system is being developed. There are likely to be some alerts with no earthquakes. But each alert is an opportunity to practice your Drop, Cover and Hold On skills.
Find more information on the MyShake App at http://seismo.berkeley.edu/blog/2019/10/23/extremely-useful-but-not-a-perfect-system.html.
Lori Dengler: The blackout, resiliency and Blue Lake Rancheria
Lori Dengler: Planning for the ShakeOut … and the unexpected
Lori Dengler: Four lessons from the deadly 2009 Samoa earthquake
Lori Dengler: What you need to know in tsunami country
Lori Dengler
Lori Dengler is an emeritus professor of geology at Humboldt State University, an expert in tsunami and earthquake hazards. Questions or comments about this column, or want a free copy of the preparedness magazine “Living on Shaky Ground”? Leave a message at 707-826-6019 or email Kamome@humboldt.edu.
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Print: Fashion, Interiors, Art
Wydawca: Laurence King
Autor: Clarke Simon
Print is an exciting and dynamic design area, with new analogue and digital technologies opening up a wealth of creative possibilities for designers in textile and non-textile media. Witty, hyperreal and luxurious print designs are being used by fashion designers and in interiors, while fine artists are harnessing the latest technology in their work to stunning effect. This showcase of contemporary print designs from around the world is divided into three key areas: fashion, interiors and art. In fashion, the book features innovative print designs in haute couture, prêt-a-porter and accessories from companies such as Prada, Issey Miyake and Vivienne Westwood. The interiors section shows surfaces and interior products such as wallpaper, upholstered furniture, fabric hangings and floor coverings, and features a wide range of designers from Marimekko in Finland to Anna Glover in the UK. Fine-art prints and experimental work from international artists and designers such as Cristian Zuzunaga and Liberty Art Fabrics are represented in the final part. About the Author Dr Simon Clarke is a practicing textile designer and artist specialising in digital design who has exhibited his work internationally. He is a Senior Lecturer in Printed Textile Design on the BA (Hons) Textile Design course at University College Falmouth where he is also Pathway Leader for the MA in Textile Design. He has lectured at Kenyatta University in Kenya and Savannah College of Art and Design in the USA.
Clarke Simon
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Posted By admin on January 26, 2019
Broadway Show Statistics 2018-2019
Broadway shows have always amassed a huge viewing from all corners of the globe. At the end of every year, it is always interesting to see what Broadway was all about. This is helpful for understanding trends, what viewers want, and predicting the future based off of analysis and critiques. Statistics help viewers decide what to watch, and help producers determine what works and what does not. The year of Broadway in 2018 made recorded history in several areas, and also posed interesting topics of conversation. Here are the statistics from 2018.
Ticket Admission Statistics
It is true that the 2017-2018 season saw the highest revenue in Broadway history for musical Broadway shows discount tickets. How did this happen though? Compared with the increase in attendance, which was nine times lower than the increase in revenue, the only way possible for this revenue statistic is due to higher ticket admission prices. In 2016-2017, the average cost of a Broadway ticket was $103. This past year, that average price went up by $20, to become $123. Nevertheless, each week presents different data.
Each year the numbers change, the populations change, and the plays change. For now, ticket prices for this week during 2018 were $127.58. This year (the week of January 20th), however, the viewer sees an average price of $118.46. This is a decrease in average ticket price from last year.
According to Playbill, however, more than half of the total Broadway tickets sold had an average admission cost of less than $101. Then again, 80% of the total tickets that were sold came in at under $130. This basically means that a majority of the tickets sold were priced closer to $115.
Attendance Statistics
For the 2017-2018 season, Broadway performed to 13,793,614 viewers, which was a 3.9% increase in previous years. This made 2018 the best attended season in its recorded history. Arguably, these numbers are not the best in all of Broadway history, as a statistic from the year 1928 puts the 2018 numbers to shame. Nevertheless, to put this year’s Broadway accomplishment in further perspective, Broadway attendance beat that of the top ten New York and New Jersey professional sports teams, combined, by over 3.5 million. This is especially due to the diversity in the choice of plays and musicals, which must have been been more affordable to just about anyone.
This past year’s season saw a gross gross revenue of $1.697 million. This was an increase from the 2016-2017 year season of $1.449 million. Such an increase was also with a decrease in the number of new productions. 2017-2018 had just 33 new productions whereas 2016-2017 came up to 45.
Just this past week, which is the 34th week, as contrasted with last year of this week, we can further compare Broadway’s revenues. The 267,598 viewers during the week of January 20th, 2019 saw 31 shows, and contributed to the gross gross of $31,699,190. On the other hand, the 248,789 viewers during the week of January 14th, 2018 saw 29 shows and contributed to a gross gross of $32,947,325. 2018, while having the highest revenue this far, could possibly be surpassed by the numbers in 2019.
On the other hand, each week’s total grosses, from January 2018 to December 2018, were relatively consistent across the board. Mid to late December saw a spike in sales, while mid September saw a small decline. Overall, total gross gross revenue averaged out to be around $30,000,000 per week’s ending.
Statistics about Broadway Tours and Broadway Gender Ratios
Another statistic regards the number of playing weeks of touring Broadway shows in the United States. In the 2017-2018 season, the number was 1,125. This was the second highest number of playing weeks of touring shows since the 1999-2000 year season. The 2009-2010 season has thus far been the highest, with 1,250 total.
These numbers are incredibly powerful for the overall success of Broadway during the 2017-2018 season, especially in comparison to Broadway’s history. Nevertheless, here is an interesting statistic from the inner workings of Broadway: gender gaps. The 2017-2018 season actually saw a decline in the percentage of women in principal roles. 37% of the 233 principal roles this past year were given to women. From 2013-2015, that percentage was 41.3%. This is a decrease of over 15%. Nevertheless, the arrangement of men and women throughout all of the many employed areas of Broadway is constantly shifting, with women and men outnumbering each other in different categories over time.
Impact of 2018 Statistics
With Broadway attendance and revenue at its highest in 2018, readers and viewers are bound to become more curious and interested in what Broadway is offering, and to whom Broadway is catering. Does this mean that the shows and plays are peaking interests in broader market niches? Is Broadway becoming more affordable to lower-income populations? Are more people becoming interested in drama and the arts? The answers to all of these questions is arguably yes, as the numbers clearly speak for themselves. With ticket prices varying across the board in affordability, from week to week, and the decrease in new productions, it is clear that Broadway is also catering to the interests of more specific viewers within its the population price ranges. As Broadway continues to diversify its performance selection and cater to the budget of its potential audiences, the numbers will continue to reflect the hard work of its performers. These performers and set up crew will also morph according to the demands of Broadway, societal expectations, and the performances on audition.
Broadway is a center of both cultural and educational delight for both Americans and citizens of the globe at large. As a result, the performances that Broadway produces have a way of connecting its audiences while simultaneously showcasing the best of humanity and the arts. The statistics from 2018 show just a fraction of all the hard work of humankind
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All Arizona
Judy Hedding
Judy Hedding is a Phoenix resident and has written more than 1,000 articles about Greater Phoenix and Arizona since 2000.
Paul Archuleta / Stringer / Getty Images
Alice Cooper is best known internationally as the original shock rocker, and his future place in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame is almost a certainty. It was much more than just music that has made Alice Cooper a star.
It all began at Cortez High School in Phoenix, Arizona. Vincent Damon Furnier and four classmates from the track team formed a group called the Earwigs, and, several names later, renamed themselves the Alice Cooper Group. They were the world's first shock rockers, with many later groups inspired to adopt the concept. In 1972 Vincent legally changed his own name to Alice Cooper. Although there are different accounts of how this name was selected, I would like to believe the one that attributes his choice to the fact that the name conjures up images of a sweet looking girl hiding a hatchet behind her back.
A new era in rock 'n' roll was born. In an interview with The Tribune, Cooper said "We brought theatrics to rock 'n' roll. We did it before Bowie, we did it before Kiss and before anybody. There was no show biz in rock 'n' roll before Alice Cooper. It was taboo and really looked down upon to call yourself showbiz. So when we came along, we went as far out on a limb as we possibly could. We did everything we could to annoy every parent in America, then backed it up with anthems that got played. We had 25 gold albums and sold 50 million records; it wasn't a fluke."
Changing with the Times
Cooper realized that times were changing; people weren't as shocked as before. With the influence and pervasiveness of the media, the violence of our real-life society killed shock. So Cooper adapted. He focused his shows on entertainment with his gruesome make-up, a boa constrictor around his neck and an unhealthy dose of fake blood. Although his humor was very dark, he claims his performances always were based on humor. And at the finale of every performance, the star of the show got just what he deserved: decapitation or some other sadistic end. Although he has respect for artists like Marilyn Manson, he believes that Manson might take things a bit too seriously, and the Manson audience feels a bit shameful when all is said and done. But no matter what happens on Alice Cooper's stage, or what evil story the lyrics tell, Cooper believes his job is to entertain his audience and to leave the people feeling good--to make them feel like they were "at the greatest party they were ever at in their lives." As noted by Antony John, a fan who at one time had a website dedicated to the rocker, "Alice Cooper does not just give concerts; he creates shock-rock events that mesmerize, enchant, and torture audiences around the world."
Alice Cooper is still recording. Cooper, now in his fifties, still commands sold out concert crowds. He's had more than 25 albums since 1969. Dirty Diamonds was released in 2005.
Next Page >> Alice Cooper, Model Phoenix Citizen
Vincent Furnier became a Phoenician (a Phoenix resident) when he was 10 years old. He was a sickly child, and his family moved to Phoenix to help rid him of his bronchial asthma. He attended Squaw Peak Elementary and Madison No. 2 before beginning high school at Cortez, where he lettered in track for four straight years.
Although it has been many years since he changed his name to Alice Cooper, he is not solely defined by his trend-setting brand of rock 'n' roll. He has been married to the same woman, Sheryl, for more than 20 years. He has three children: Calico, Dashiell, and Sonora Rose. He is serious about his onstage career, but even more serious about his role as a husband and father. When his kids were younger, he was an active Little League and soccer coach.
Alice Cooper's Philanthropy
Alice Cooper has other passions, too. One of them is the Solid Rock Foundation, which he describes as a Christian nonprofit organization to help inner city kids stay out of gangs and away from guns and drugs. His foundation raises up to $150,000 each year to benefit this cause. And then there's the other passion: golf. Alice is a popular and familiar sight at Pro-Am and benefit golf tournaments. He hosts his own charity golf tournament in Phoenix each April. When asked how he became involved in golf, Cooper describes a period in his life when all he did all day was drink and sit around hotel rooms with nothing to do. One day, his road manager convinced him to try golf and apparently he was a natural. With about a 4 handicap, he has had a few holes-in-one, and a few double eagles, of which he is very proud.
If you are trying to spot Alice Cooper around town, the best places are either Little League baseball games or the golf courses.
And one last thing about Alice Cooper, the Phoenician. When he is not on stage, he is actually an absolute Mr. Nice Guy. Everyone says so.
Next Page >> The Restaurant: Alice Cooperstown
Shock rocker Alice Cooper and Brian Weymouth, a restaurant consultant, would meet at the Little League games in Phoenix, coach the team and talk about the possibility of Cooper getting in the restaurant business. In December 1998 Alice Cooper'stown opened in downtown Phoenix, near what was then Bank One Ballpark (now Chase Field) and the America West Arena (now Talking Stick Resort Arena). Named after the Baseball Hall of Fame, Alice Cooper's restaurant is described more as an entertainment complex, with video and sound systems, a video wall, outdoor scoreboard and an outdoor live music stage where impromptu jam sessions are not uncommon.
A Love of Sports
Alice Cooper is not only a rocker, he is an admitted sports fanatic. He has used Alice Cooper'stown to showcase his love of both worlds. Every inch of wall space in this large, open eating establishment is covered with either sports or rock 'n' roll memorabilia. Signed jerseys, autographed balls, opening day tickets, and classic sports photos share the space comfortably with Alice's concert photos, gold records and a fantastic collection of autographed Fender guitars.
Clearly, Alice Cooper's restaurant was designed to cater to the sports crowd and the strategic location, within two blocks of where five professional sports teams play, was a good choice. The menu is definitely themed for sports, and includes the "Ty Cobb Salad", "Ryne Sanburger" and (don't forget the rock influence) "Megadeth Meatloaf". One of the most popular items on the menu is "The Big Unit". It's a two-foot-long hot dog that comes with the works. Named after Randy Johnson, the Cy Young Award-winning pitcher, formerly with the Arizona Diamondbacks, who is also a partner in the business, sirens go off when someone orders one.
Visiting and local athletes can often be seen enjoying one of the barbecue specials. Alice Cooper, himself, is often there when he isn't away on tour, and does not hesitate to chat with his fans, sign autographs or suggest menu items.
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Tsingy de Bemaraha National Park: The Complete Guide
Destinations Africa & Middle East
Jessica Macdonald
Jessica Macdonald lives in South Africa's Eastern Cape province and has been TripSavvy's Africa Expert since 2016. She also covers travel products and has written about everything from camping knives to climbing chalk.
Pierre-Yves Babelon/ Getty Images
Tsingy de Bemaraha NP Reception
Madagascar is sometimes called the eighth continent because of the uniqueness of its geology and its high level of endemism. Nowhere represents this otherworldliness better than Tsingy de Bemaraha National Park, located in the northwest of the island in the remote Melaky region. Covering some 579 square miles (1,500 square kilometers), the park is dominated by two incredible karstic plateaus known as Great Tsingy and Little Tsingy. These are interspersed with areas of dry deciduous forest, savannah, lakes and mangroves, creating an astounding variety of different habitats for the park’s flora and fauna to thrive in. Because of its uniqueness, Tsingy de Bemaraha was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1990.
At the heart of the park are Great and Little Tsingy—fantasy landscapes comprised of countless razor sharp limestone spires and pinnacles. “Tsingy” is an indigenous Malagasy word that roughly translates as “where one cannot walk barefoot”—an apt moniker considering the plateaus’ intimidating appearance. Their formation began approximately 200 million years ago, when the limestone seabed rose to create a plateau that was gradually eroded by groundwater into a labyrinthine series of caves, gorges and ravines. Because the erosion occurred both horizontally and vertically, the remaining limestone was shaped into the needle-like structures we see today.
The dramatic topography of the park’s badlands means that the conventional jeep safaris popular in other African countries like Kenya and Tanzania are impossible. For this reason, the park remained largely unvisited by tourists until the late 1990s, when the French-founded Antsika Association unveiled a network of aerial suspension bridges that connected the limestone pinnacles and made it possible for visitors to traverse the tsingys and climb from one peak to the next. Today, several routes exist that can be explored with the help of a trained guide and a climbing harness. These trails are challenging in places, and as such a head for heights and relatively good fitness levels are required.
Half-day circuits through the limestone forests of Little Tsingy and Great Tsingy are the main highlights of a visit to Tsingy de Bemaraha. Both include viewpoints that afford breathtaking panoramas of the karstic landscape; and both afford the opportunity to look out for the park’s rare flora and fauna. Located to the south of Little Tsingy, Manambolo Gorge also deserves a place on your itinerary. A green oasis of waterfalls and pristine forest, it is best explored via dugout canoe, with stops along the way to explore natural swimming pools and caves filled with stalactites and stalagmites. The family tomb of the Vazimba tribe (who lived in the park in the 17th century) is housed in one of these caves.
Those that want to maximize their time in the park should consider packing their camping gear and tackling the two-day Anjohimanintsy Trail.
Endemic Wildlife
One of the park’s greatest attractions is the chance to see animals that you cannot see anywhere else on Earth. 85 percent of the flora and fauna found within Tsingy de Bemaraha is endemic to Madagascar, and 47 percent is locally endemic. The park is a great place to spot lemurs, with 11 different kinds living within the park’s boundaries. Of these, five are found exclusively in western Madagascar, such as the endangered Von der Decken’s sifaka and the vulnerable western lesser bamboo lemur. Other bucket list mammals include endemic carnivores like the western falanouc, the cat-like fossa and the ring-tailed mongoose.
All 45 reptile and amphibian species found within the park are endemic. A particular highlight is the endangered Antsingy leaf chameleon, which only exists in Tsingy de Bemaraha National Park.
A Birding Hotspot
The park’s birdlife is just as special. An array of different habitats supports 96 avian species, of which 39 are endemic to Madagascar. Top spots include the near-threatened Madagascan ibis, the Madagascan wood rail and the beautiful Coquerel’s coua (instantly recognizable by its electric blue eye patches). The Tsingy wood rail is one of the best examples of the park’s ecological importance. It is only found here, and was first scientifically described as recently as 2011. Keen birders should also keep an eye out for the Madagascan fish eagle, which with only 40 breeding pairs left in the wild, is thought to be one of the rarest birds on Earth.
There are several accommodation options in the immediate vicinity of Tsingy de Bemaraha National Park, most of them located near the village of Bekopaka which marks the park's entrance. Of these, top picks include Olympe de Bemaraha and Orchidée de Bemaraha. The first option offers comfortable rooms, bungalows and family apartments to suit a range of different budgets; as well as a restaurant and a covered terrace overlooking panoramic Manambolo River views. The latter has 54 rooms in various budget categories in addition to two bars and a restaurant that serves tasty French and Madagascan cuisine. Both hotels have a swimming pool.
Alternatively, you can opt to camp at one of three campsites within the park itself. A more luxurious option for those traveling with tour operator Scott Dunn is the private Le Soleil des Tsingy eco-lodge. It boasts 17 boutique bungalows, all with ensuite bathrooms and private terraces that overlook the forest canopy.
Tsingy de Bemaraha National Park is only open during the April to November dry season. During the wet season, the dirt roads that lead to the park entrance are susceptible to flooding and often become impassable, cutting the park off from the rest of the country. Those hoping to exploring Great Tsingy should plan their trip for any time from June to the beginning of November—at all other times of year the formation is inaccessible. The weather is slightly cooler and malaria-carrying mosquitoes are less prevalent during the dry season, making it the ideal time to visit Madagascar.
The park is notoriously difficult to get to (which for many just adds to the sense of adventure). The easiest way is to book a tour with a company who can arrange your transfers, usually from the west coast town of Morondava. If you plan on visiting independently, the most reliable way to get there is to hire a 4x4 vehicle and drive along the RN8 road from Morondava towards Belo-sur-Tsiribihina. Once you arrive, turn off towards the village of Bekopaka, which is home to the park’s headquarters and the office where you purchase entry permits and hire guides and climbing equipment. Be aware that the road is in terrible condition and includes a river crossing that can delay your journey significantly—plan to spend an entire day on the road.
Alternative options include traveling on the RN1 road from Antananarivo to Tsiroanomandidy, and from there navigating rural back roads to the park entrance. It’s also possible to book a river cruise up the Manambolo River and into the park; or to fly in on a charter aircraft.
Madagascar Travel Guide: Essential Facts and Information
Top 10 National Parks to Visit During Spring
Isalo National Park, Madagascar: The Complete Guide
Nosy Be, Madagascar: The Complete Guide
Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar: The Complete Guide
The Top 18 Things to Do in Limpopo, South Africa
10 of the Best Things to Do in Madagascar
Amber Mountain National Park, Madagascar: The Complete Guide
Everything You Need to Do, See, and Eat in Malaysia
Top Attractions in Sarawak, Borneo
Weather in Madagascar: Climate, Seasons and Average Temperatures
The 10 Best Hikes in Puerto Rico
Malaysia National Parks Reveal Nature at Its Prettiest and Wildest
The 10 Best National Parks and Natural Wonders in El Salvador
The Garden Route, South Africa: The Complete Guide
A Travel Guide to Badlands National Park
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“Modify the standards of the in-group”: On Jews and Mass Communications
January 14, 2020 /24 Comments/in Featured Articles, Jewish Academic Activism, Jewish Ethnic Networking /by Andrew Joyce, Ph.D.
Editor’s note: This article originally appeared in September, 2018, in two parts. It is a classic, and an important addition to the research on Jewish involvement in creating the culture of critique—the anti-White culture that we live in today. The above photo is a testament to the way we live now—viewing the world through lenses shaped by activist Jews.
“To be successful, mass propaganda on the behalf of out-groups would have to modify the standards of the in-group.
Samuel H. Flowerman, Mass Propaganda in the War Against Bigotry, 1947.[1]
“The whole story is transparently barmy.” This is what Guardian journalist Jason Wilson had to say in a 2015 article discussing “conspiracy theories” about Cultural Marxism. Barmy, for the uninitiated, is a British informal adjective with the meanings “mad; crazy; extremely foolish.” Wilson continues by attempting to explain “the whole story”:
The vogue for the ideas of theorists like Herbert Marcuse and Theodor Adorno in the 1960s counterculture culminated with their acolytes’ occupation of the commanding heights of the most important cultural institutions, from universities to Hollywood studios. There, the conspiracy says, they promoted and even enforced ideas which were intended to destroy traditional Christian values and overthrow free enterprise: feminism, multiculturalism, gay rights and atheism. And this, apparently, is where political correctness came from. I promise you: this is what they really think … The theory of cultural Marxism is also blatantly antisemitic, drawing on the idea of Jews as a fifth column bringing down western civilisation from within, a racist trope that has a longer history than Marxism.
Re-reading this article recently, I wondered what Mr Wilson would say if I told him I possessed a document wherein an influential Jew linked to Marcuse and Adorno unambiguously sets out a scheme for the capture of the media, the mass brainwashing of White populations with multicultural propaganda, the manipulation of in-group culture to make it hostile to its own sense of ethnocentrism, the spreading of a culture of political correctness, and, ultimately, the co-option of the West by small ethnic clique pursuing its own interests under the guise of “promoting tolerance.” I wonder what he’d say if I told him the same Jew operated a network of hundreds, if not thousands, of other Jewish intellectuals engaged in the same single task — unlocking a psychological “backdoor” to White culture in order to completely reorient it. I think I’m correct in assuming that Mr Wilson would call me “barmy,” and accuse me of regurgitating the Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion. I suspect he would believe I’m a fantasist and an anti-Jewish conspiracy theorist. I know he’d dismiss even the possibility that such a document might actually exist. And yet it does exist.
The Intellectual Context
It’s quite possible that none of you have heard the name Samuel H. Flowerman, but I can say with certainty that you all, in a sense, know him nonetheless. If you’re even remotely familiar with the Frankfurt School, then you’re familiar with one aspect of his work. And, as we will soon discuss, if you find yourself living in a culture brainwashed into self-hatred then you’re familiar with another, though related, aspect of his work. Flowerman, it must be conceded, has been largely forgotten by history. He lurks in larger shadows left by “the exiles.” But Flowerman was in some respects as crucial a member of the Frankfurt School circle as any other. Of course, he wasn’t German-born. Nor was he a member of the Frankfurt School for Social Research. Instead, he was born in Manhattan in 1912, the grandson of a jeweler who arrived by ship from Warsaw’s Jewish district in 1885. And yet he would later achieve enough influence within his own group, as both activist and psychologist, to act as Research Director for the American Jewish Committee, and, most famously of all, to direct and co-edit the Studies in Prejudice series with Max Horkheimer.
For most who have in fact heard of him, this is perhaps the greatest extent of their knowledge of Flowerman. But for an accident, it would certainly represent the limits of mine. Very recently, however, I was conducting some research on Jewish activism in the cultural background preceding Brown v. Board of Education, and found myself, as I have so many times before, tumbling down the proverbial rabbit hole. After initially focusing on the figures of Jonathan Kozol and Horace Kallen (whose influence extends well beyond the popularisation of what he coined “cultural pluralism”), I came across a 2004 article in the Journal of American History by Howard University’s Daryl Scott titled “Postwar Pluralism, Brown v. Board of Education, and the Origins of Multicultural Education.”[2] Scott mentioned Flowerman because of the latter’s desire (pre-Brown) to inject theories derived from Studies in Prejudice into the education system, believing that moulding children was one of the best methods to achieve long-term and sustained socio-cultural change [see here for evidence the policy is continued to this day by the ADL].
Flowerman, a fan of post-Freudian psychoanalysis, possessed a background in both the study of education and of mass communication, and this heavily informed his thinking and activism.[3] In particular, he was doubtful that mass propaganda could, by itself, directly affect significant change among the White masses and make them abandon their “prejudice and latent authoritarianism” [i.e. acknowledging their own ethnic interests]. He was fascinated instead by the way peer group pressure exerted influence on the individual school children he had studied, along with the potential influence of teachers as shapers of minds as well as mere educators. For example, in a 1950 article for New York Times Magazine titled “Portrait of the Authoritarian Man,” Flowerman argued that, in order to produce “personalities less susceptible to authoritarian ideas, we must learn how to select better teachers and to train them better; we must see them as engineers of human relations instead of instructors of arithmetic and spelling.”[4]
The combined result of his research and thinking in these areas was his argument that it should be desirable for people like him to obtain control over the means of mass communication. Not only, argued Flowerman, should this control be used for blanket “pro-tolerance” propaganda, but it should also actively reshape in-group standards — thus reforming peer group pressures to become antagonistic to in-group ethnocentrism. His (then) highly ambitious goal was a culture that policed itself: a politically correct culture in which Whites, via peer pressure, conformed to new values — values much more user-friendly to Jews. His views and goals were later summarized by Herbert Greenberg, a colleague and co-ethnic in the same field, in 1957:
Flowerman de-emphasized the value and effectiveness of propaganda as a technique for reducing prejudice. He also agrees with the conception that techniques based on group structure and inter-personal relationships are the most effective.[5]
Flowerman and Greenberg were just two members of what was effectively a series of interlinked battalions of Jewish psychologists and sociologists operating with a kind of religious fervour in the fields of “prejudice studies,” opinion-shaping, and mass communications between the 1930s and 1950s, all with the goal of “unlocking” the White mind and opening it to “tolerance.” In a remarkable invasion (and creation) of disciplines similar to the Jewish flood into the medical and race sciences in the 1920s and 1930s, Jews also flooded, and then dominated, the fields of opinion research and mass communications — areas of research that overlapped so often under Jewish scholars like Flowerman that they were practically indistinguishable.
Even a quick review of lists of Past Presidents reveals that Jews were vastly over-represented in, if not dominated, the membership and presidencies of both the American Association of Public Opinion Research (AAPOR) and the World Association of Public Opinion Research (WAPOR). And of the four academics considered the “founding fathers” of mass communication research in America, two (Vienna-born Paul Lazarsfeld and Kurt Lewin) were Jews. Of the two European American founding fathers, most of Harold Lasswell’s graduate students were Jewish[6] (e.g., Daniel Lerner, Abraham Kaplan, Gabriel Almond, Morris Janowitz, and Nathan Leites) and he also sponsored the Institute for Social Research’s project on anti-Semitism.[7] The fourth, Carl Hoveland, had an equally Jewish coterie around him at Yale, where he operated a team of researchers along with Milton Rosenberg and Robert Abelson. Historian Hynek Jeřábek notes that Lazarsfeld’s influence in particular can’t be understated — by 1983, seven years after his death, “the directors of social research at the three largest media networks in the United States, CBS, ABC, and NBC were all his former students.”[8] Another Jew, Jay Blumler, has been called “a founding father of British media studies.”[9]
In fact, the Jewish dominance of the study of public opinion (and the potential for its manipulation) simply can’t be overstated. In addition to those already named, Joseph Klapper, Bernard Berelson, Fritz Heider, Leo Bogart, Elihu Katz, Marie Jahoda, Joseph Gittler, Morris Rosenberg, Ernest Dichter, Walter Weiss, Nathan Glazer, Bernard J. Fine, Bruno Bettelheim, Wallace Mandell, Hertha Hertzog, Dororthy Blumenstock, Stanley Schachter, David Caplovitz, Walter Lippmann, Sol Ginsburg, Harry Alpert, Leon Festinger, Michael Gurevitch, Edward Shils, Eugene Gaier, Joseph Goldsen, Julius Schreiber, Daniel Levinson, Herbert Blumer, I. M. A. Myers, Irving Janis, Miriam Reimann, Edward Sapir, Solomon Asch, and Gerald Wieder were just some of the hundreds of highly influential academics working in these fields that were born into Jewish families, associated heavily with other Jews, contributed work to Jewish organizations, married Jews, and yet concerned themselves with a degree of fanaticism with White opinion and ethnocentrism in America. This is to say nothing of their graduate students, who numbered in the thousands.
Despite some superficial differences in the titles of “opinion research,” “prejudice studies,” and “mass communications,” these academics all worked with each other to some degree, if not directly (in organisations or in co-written studies or papers) then via mutual associations. For example, it is a matter of historical fact that, in addition to three of the four founding fathers of mass communications research being Jews, all three were also very intimately involved with the Frankfurt School and the broader Jewish agenda to ‘adapt’ public opinion. Paul Lazarsfeld and Kurt Lewin, the two gurus of mass communication, together attended a 1944 conference on anti-Semitism organized by the research department of the American Jewish Committee (headed by Samuel H. Flowerman) and the Berkeley faction of the Frankfurt School in exile (headed by Theodor Adorno).[10] David Kettler and Gerhard Lauer also point out that Lazarsfeld was in regular communication with Max Horkheimer, was “strongly supportive of the Horkheimer Circle and its work,” and even furnished the latter with “notes and recommendations for the Horkheimer Circle’s unpublished ‘Anti-Semitism Among American Labor.’”[11] He was also a colleague at Columbia with and close confidante of, Leo Lowenthal.[12] By the late 1940s, Lazarsfeld’s ex-wife and mother of his child, Marie Jahoda, had even come to act as an American Jewish Committee liaison between Horkheimer and Samuel H. Flowerman, and co-wrote a number of articles on “prejudice” with Flowerman in Commentary.
One should by now begin to see clear connections forming between the American Jewish Committee, the Frankfurt School, “prejudice studies,” Jewish dominance of the academic field of “mass communications,” and, finally, the flow of influence from this field into the mass media (most clearly in the positions at CBS, ABC, and NBC quickly obtained by Lazarsfeld’s students). These connections will be important later.
A reasonable working hypothesis for such a sudden concentration of mutually networking Jews (often from different countries) in these areas of research would be that Jewish identity and Jewish interests played a significant part in their career choices, and that the trend was then accelerated by ethnic nepotism and promotion from within the group. Jeřábek appears to concur when he states that “Paul Lazarsfeld’s Jewish background, or the fact that many people around him in Vienna were Jewish, can help to explain his future affinities, friendships, or decisions.”[13] Setting aside the deep historical context of conflict between Jews and Europeans, a contingent and contemporary explanation might be that Jews were moved into fields involving mass opinion and perceptions of prejudice because they were deeply disturbed by the rise of National Socialism.
A more general, but, perhaps more convincing explanation considering their activities over time, is that these Jews were in fact disturbed by any form of ethnically defined and assertive White host culture. For example, some of the foreign-born academics listed above, such as Marie Jahoda and Ernest Dichter, had even been arrested and detained in pre-Anschluss, pre-National Socialist Vienna as cultural and political subversives in the early 1930s. They then made their way to the United States or the United Kingdom where they more or less continued the same behavior. It is highly likely that these individuals sought both to understand and change the mechanics of opinion and mass communications in their host populations in order to make it more amenable to Jewish interests. When they were effectively exiled from one host population they merely transplanted their ambitions to a new one. The only alternative hypothesis, long used in Jewish apologetics for any similar instance of Jewish over-representation, is that huge numbers of mutually networking Jews convened in these disciplines purely by accident. Nathan Cofnas and Jordan Peterson, for example, might argue that Jews accidentally entered these areas of study en masse simply because they possessed high IQs and liked living in cities.
The problem with such reasoning is that the work produced by these academics and activists was so highly focused against White American opinion, rather than appearing random or accidental, that it strongly indicates these scholars entered the field of mass communications with a clear and common agenda. For example, Jewish mass communications scholar Bernard Berelson was not just a researcher in public opinion, but also conducted a series of propaganda tests on how to make White Americans find their own ethnocentrism abhorrent. In 1945 he conducted a study in which a cartoon was shown to the public that made connections between Fascism and American culture. The cartoon, titled “The Ghosts Go West…,” showed ghosts leaving the graves of Hitler, Mussolini, and Goebbels, and flying to America carrying a banner that read: “Down with Labour Unions, Foreign Born, Jews, Catholics, Negroes.” The message was clearly that “intolerance” in America was basically the demonic ghost of fascism. Interestingly, however, the study found that Jews exposed to the cartoon were so fixated on the banner that they missed the underlying message altogether and believed the cartoon was a far right creation. The potentially confusing nature of the piece meant it was never deployed as a “pro-tolerance” propaganda weapon.[14]
Berelson was also later a colleague and friend of Frederick S. Jaffe, the Jewish then-Vice President of Planned Parenthood. Both Jaffe and Berelson later became somewhat notorious because of a memo (known in history as the Jaffe Memo) sent in 1969 from the former to the latter, in which anti-White sociopath Jaffe put forth his own series of protocols that included a table that summarized many proposals from various sources regarding population control. This table contained proposals such as compulsory abortions for out-of-wedlock births, sterilizations for women with more than two children, encouraging homosexuality, and encouraging women to work. Both would also later work together on the infamous 1972 Rockefeller Commission Report which incorporated many of Jaffe’s proposals. We thus see more links between Jewishness, “prejudice studies,” the discipline of mass communications studies, and anti-White Jewish activism more generally.
In reality, the work of all these scholars orbited the same themes, if not openly, then more secretively (as in the case of Lazarsfeld’s work with the Institute for Social Research). Marie Jahoda, the ex-Austrian subversive, produced a series of studies that were mere variations on the theme of White ethnocentrism, something she pathologized most famously in Antisemitism and Emotional Disorder (1950).[15] In the same year, Morris Janowitz and Bruno Bettelheim worked together to produce Dynamics of Prejudice.[16] Meanwhile Joseph Gittler produced such works as “Measuring the Awareness of the Problem of Group Hostility,”[17] and “Man and His Prejudices.”[18] Herbert Blumer produced “Race Prejudice as a Sense of Group Position.”[19] Fritz Heider worked with Kurt Lewin and Solomon Asch on unlocking the ways in which conformity could alter group behavior and individual opinions.[20] Ernest Dichter believed his studies of the mass communications in marketing could lead to the development of persuasive techniques that could “stop the new wave of anti-Semitism.”[21] The work of Walter Weiss concerned “mass communication, public opinion, and social change as they bear on changing racial attitudes.”[22] And aside from his secretive work with the Institute for Social Research, Paul Lazarsfeld, while working at the Bureau of Applied Social Research at Columbia University, introduced the notion of “social bookkeeping,” a systematic service that would note and evaluate “prejudice” in any material appearing in mass media of communications. I could go on.
Marie Jahoda
What we see here is the origins of an extensive Jewish joint enterprise in which the unlocking and alteration of White American public opinion is the goal. This is not conspiracy theory, but an established and provable fact. In a sense, the Frankfurt School, or Institute for Social Research, was the tip of an iceberg. The work of Horkheimer, Adorno et al, both drew from, and enthused, a large and growing army of Jewish academics working in the fields of public opinion and mass communications. This was a body of academics and activists keen to translate theories on “prejudice and the authoritarian personality” into action — to change the opinions and thinking of the host population. They would go on to develop forms of testing and analysis to further these goals, and their students would go on to take dominant positions in the fields of the mass media and mass communications. In many cases these academics speak openly of the need for control of the media and the mass dissemination of sophisticated propaganda (all of which could be tried and perfected at the expense of their universities in the name of ‘prejudice research’). Of all these activists, however, none produced a work more bluntly subversive than Samuel Flowerman’s 1947 essay “Mass Propaganda in the War on Bigotry.” It is to the protocols of Samuel H. Flowerman that we now turn our attention.
“Millions of leaflets, pamphlets, cartoons, comic books, articles — and more recently radio and movie scripts — have been produced and disseminated in the propaganda war.” Samuel H. Flowerman, Mass Propaganda in the War Against Bigotry, 1947.[1]
The Protocols of Samuel H. Flowerman
Samuel H. Flowerman, as Research Director at the American Jewish Committee, as colleague of the Institute for Social Research, and as a kind of hub for the expansive Jewish clique of mass communications scholars, was at the center of the drive to put Jewish “opinion research” initiatives into practical action. The clearest articulation of what this practical action would look like was articulated in his 1947 essay, “Mass Propaganda in the War Against Bigotry.” Flowerman’s foremost concern was that, although millions of dollars were being spent by organisations like the American Jewish Committee and the Anti-Defamation League on propaganda, propaganda may not by itself be sufficient for the mass transformation of values in the host population — in particular, for the weakening of its ethnocentrism.
Flowerman begins by explaining the format and extent of existing efforts: “Millions of leaflets, pamphlets, cartoons, comic books, articles — and more recently radio and movie scripts — have been produced and disseminated in the propaganda war (429).” Flowerman’s use of the language of warfare is of course interesting in itself and will be discussed further below. For now, we should focus on what Flowerman lists as the five aims of the “propaganda war”:
1. “The restructuring of the attitudes of prejudiced individuals, or at least their neutralization.”
2. “The restructuring of group values toward intolerance.”
3. “The reinforcement of attitudes of those already committed to a democratic ideology perhaps by creating an illusion of universality or victory.”
4. “The continued neutralisation of those whose attitudes are yet unstructured and who are deemed “safer” if they remain immune to symbols of bias.”
5. “Off-setting the counter-symbols of intolerance.” (429)
Flowerman concedes that the level of work and control required to achieve these aims would be extensive, and that the project was highly ambitious, seeking nothing less than “successful mass persuasion in the field of intergroup relations (429).” But he is equally clear in the conditions required for such success.
Flowerman’s first condition is “control by pro-tolerance groups or individuals of the channels of mass communication.” (430) Since Flowerman’s entire context of “pro-tolerance” activism was essentially Jewish, we may assume he is strongly implying that the channels of mass communication should fall into Jewish hands. Since “control” in Flowerman’s phrasing is not qualified, and since many newspapers, radio stations, and movie production companies were already in the hands of “pro-tolerance” Jews, the implication is also present that this control should be absolute. In addition, notes Flowerman, total control of these channels may still not be sufficient in itself. The host population will still need to be exposed to the productions of mass communications, and this was to be assured via “force, commercial monopoly, and/or crisis (designed or accidental).” (430) Only then would ‘pro-tolerance’ forces see “the persuasive devices and techniques of the elite playing upon the susceptibilities of the manipulated.” (430) Flowerman closes here with reference to Erich Fromm’s theory that people have “a desire
to be controlled.”
The second of Flowerman’s conditions for “successful mass persuasion in the field of intergroup relations” is saturation. This condition, like that of control and monopoly of the channels of mass communication, is intended as absolute. In other words, the message of “pro-tolerance” was to be ubiquitous and all-pervasive — beyond what was possible in 1947 and probably beyond what could even be conceptualized in 1947. In Flowerman’s words: “In addition to the large sums of money currently being expended on tolerance propaganda, significantly greater sums would probably be needed to achieve the degree of saturation — as yet hypothetical — required.” (430) The general idea here is to increase the “flow of pro-tolerance symbols” as a proportion of “the total stream of communications.”
In November 1946, a three-day convention, partly organized by Flowerman, was held in New York, bringing together “experts in the general field of public relations, including advertising, direct mail, film, radio, and press; professional workers on the staff of national and local agencies specifically concerned with fighting group discrimination; and social scientists from the universities and national defense agencies.”[2] Jews, of course, dominated all of these areas, and the list of attendees included the previously mentioned figures Bruno Bettelheim, Sol Ginsburg, Hertha Herzog (radio research director of McCann-Erickson, Inc.), Julius Schreiber, Paul Lazarsfeld, Joseph Goldsen, and Morris Janowitz. One of the findings of the mass communications scholars present at the convention was that even control and saturation may not be sufficient to ensure a transformation of opinions and values in the demographic majority. This was the case when the propaganda encountered particularly strong-minded individuals, or when the propaganda got lost in the overall stream of communications that one encounters in the course of everyday life. Flowerman thus writes with frustration that “we are developing a nation of individuals who work, worry, love, and play while news commentators, comedians, opera companies, symphony orchestras, and swing bands are broadcasting. This continuous onslaught for ‘something for everyone’ results in a kind of ‘radio deafness.’” (431) In order to overcome this obstacle, Flowerman returns to a key aspect of his first condition — the use of crisis (he writes that this can be “designed or accidental”) to focus attention on delivered propaganda. Flowerman writes:
As for overcoming the ‘radio deafness’ to commercial announcements and the general atmosphere of make-believe of radio entertainment, only symbols associated with acute crisis would seem to have a chance. For the great bulk of American people racial and religious intolerance is not regarded as a critical situation. … The absence of critical stress serves to diminish levels of attention to pro-tolerance symbols. (431)
Practical contemporary examples of what this tactic might look light would be the ubiquity of pro-diversity propaganda in the aftermath of Islamic attacks, Charlottesville, school shootings, moral panics about racism, ADL hype about the ever-present threat of anti-Semitism, murders by immigrants, and migrant drownings in the Mediterranean. The point here is that regardless of context, “crisis” is to be manufactured into almost every situation in order to focus attention on the real goal — the successful delivery of “pro-tolerance” messages, even (or especially) in circumstances in which tolerance has proven deadly, to the host population. Jews or, in the more ambiguous phrasing, “the agents of pro-tolerance,” would thus need to achieve (in Flowerman’s own words) the ambitious trifecta of “control, saturation, crisis.” (432) Crisis is therefore Flowerman’s third condition.
The fourth condition is the achievement of an alteration of predispositions in the individual via modification of their surroundings and peer pressure. Here Flowerman argues that “pro-tolerance” propaganda should not rely on intellectual means but instead on “social perception, which is affected by the predispositions of the audience. In turn, these dispositions are affect-laden attitudes which may have been produced by parents, teachers, playmates, etc.” (432)
The point here is that Flowerman and the mass communications clique believed that their propaganda would be better received by the masses if the psychological context of reception was itself changed. In other words, people raised in the demographic majority who are imbued with a sense of communal pride, social responsibility, cultural achievement, and national purpose are unlikely to be predisposed to be receptive to messages on behalf of outsiders. Some intervention in peer interactions and peer culture was thus necessary in order to break up such an obstacle to the reception of “pro-tolerance” propaganda. As just one example, we return here to Flowerman’s 1950 article for New York Times Magazine in which he argues for the training of teachers “as engineers of human relations instead of instructors of arithmetic and spelling.”[3] Children can thus “engineered” to be more receptive to “pro-tolerance” propaganda in adulthood.
This condition bleeds into the fifth — the manipulation of the basic instinct of humans to conform to group standards. Flowerman writes:
Consciously or unconsciously, individuals use group frames of reference in social situations even when they are physically separated from the group. … The strength of group sanctions is a potent force to reckon with even for an individual with a strong ego. … It would appear, then, that to be successful mass propaganda on behalf of out-groups would have to modify the standards of the in-group. … Mass pro-tolerance propaganda, to be successful, would have to change such values, which would be difficult to imagine without control, saturation, crisis, etc. (432)
What Flowerman is proposing here is essentially a revolution in values, after which a politically correct culture emerges where the demographic majority becomes self-policing and antagonistic to its own ethnic interests. In this environment — achieved via “control, saturation, crisis”— the strength of group sanctions among the White American in-group is directed towards manifestations of in-group ethnocentrism instead of outsiders. It’s nothing less than a proposal for the cultivation of White guilt and pathological altruism, and the diminishment of White ethnocentrism and cultural pride.
The sixth condition is the cultivation of influential figures on behalf of the “pro-tolerance” agenda. This required great subtlety. Flowerman writes that the research of his mass communications colleagues and co-ethics shows the targets of their propaganda:
are willing to assign to some individuals a stamp of approval which they deny to others … We know that many leaflets written and endorsed by popular heroes and accepted even by prejudiced individuals are often dismissed on the ground that they are being distributed by minority groups in their own self-interest. Many prejudiced individuals cannot conceive of such distribution by dominant groups. (433)
What Flowerman is here complaining of is the fact that some members of the demographic majority are perceptive enough to accurately point out the real origin of “pro-tolerance” propaganda, and to dismiss it on those grounds. By “minority groups,” the coy Mr Flowerman of course means Jews. He then cites a specific case:
In an experiment being conducted at the University of Chicago by Bettelheim, Shils, and Janowitz, veterans were exposed to pro-tolerance propaganda including a cartoon by Bill Mauldin. A prejudiced respondent, sharing the general esteem in which this popular soldier-cartoonist is held by ex-GI’s, said that he had regarded Mauldin as a “regular guy” but he supposed that if you paid a man enough you could get him to do anything; this respondent believed that the material he saw was being distributed by “a bunch of New York communists.” (433)
Thus we see the pathologisation of a veteran because he perceived with stunning accuracy the hand of subversion behind the use of a popular icon to promote an agenda entirely alien to his interests. Despite exceptions such as this veteran, the overall susceptibility of the masses was deemed sufficiently high for the strategy of “sponsorship” to be progressed. As a result, reports Flowerman,
propagandists, recognising the need for impeccable sources of authority, are producing material endorsed by popular heroes in sports, entertainment, and in the armed forces. Recently a plan has been developed to promote the insertion of full-page newspaper advertisements paid for and sponsored by “respectable” local business organizations. The effect of this campaign will have to be determined. (433)
Developed alongside his colleagues in the Institute for Social Research and the mass communications clique, these, then, are Flowerman’s six conditions for a radical transformation of values in the White American demographic majority:
1) Control of the channels of mass communications;
2) Saturation with Pro-tolerance messages;
3) Crisis, designed or accidental;
4) Diminishment of Cultural Pride and Self-esteem;
5) Cultivation of Self-Punishment and Group Self-Sanctioning;
6) Sponsorship of willing dupes or traitors.
Although these six conditions form most of the body of “Mass Propaganda in the War Against Bigotry,” Flowerman also spends some time discussing the ideal content of “pro-tolerance” propaganda. In this regard, he comments:
The most striking feature, the spearhead, of propaganda, is the slogan. … Current pro-tolerance or anti-intolerance slogans urge unity and amity, warn against being divided by differences of race and religion, describe our common origin as immigrants to these shores, remove myths about racial differences, and denounce bigots and bigotry. Some popular slogans are: Don’t be a Sucker!, Americans All —– Immigrants All, All Races and All Creeds Working Together etc.
Don’t Be A Sucker! was the name of a wartime film produced by the Army Signals Corps at a time when it was working heavily alongside Jewish Hollywood executives and script writers; its film production center was headed by Col. Emmanuel ‘Manny’ Cohen.[4] According to Wikipedia, the film:
has anti-racist and anti-fascist themes, and was made to educate viewers about prejudice and discrimination. The film was also made to make the case for the desegregation of the United States armed forces. An American who has been listening to a racist and bigoted rabble-rouser, who is preaching hate speech against ethnic and religious minorities and immigrants, is warned off by a naturalized Hungarian immigrant, possibly a Holocaust survivor or escapee, who explains to him how such rhetoric and demagogy allowed the Nazis to rise to power in Weimar Germany, and warns Americans not to fall for similar demagogy propagated by American racists and bigots. In August 2017 the short film went viral on the internet in the aftermath of the violent Unite the Right rally in Charlottesville, Virginia and various copies have been uploaded to video sharing sites in the past year.
Flowerman was dissatisfied with the slogans of his time, however, believing them to be too “general in nature, vague as to goals, and unspecific as to methods.” (434) He believed that merely defining fascism as the enemy was insufficient because, at that time, the host population believed “fascism was strictly a foreign phenomenon characteristic particularly of Nazi Germany.” Propaganda depicting fascism as the enemy was therefore going to be ineffective in making the host population see its own values as oppositional and requiring destruction. Referring to works like The Authoritarian Personality, Flowerman writes: “Studies abound in which subjects subscribed to tenets of fascism although they rejected the fascist label itself. The pervasiveness of prejudice in so many individuals makes it difficult to set up a real enemy.” (434) He acknowledges that “in much anti-intolerance propaganda” the enemy is defined as “white, native-born Protestants,” but makes it clear that he wishes this to be expanded “for logical and psychological reasons.” One gets the impression that “Diversity is our Strength” and “Fight Hate” would have been much to his satisfaction.
We now find ourselves returning to our point of departure. “The whole story is transparently barmy,” said the Guardian’s Jason Wilson when discussing “conspiracy theories” about Cultural Marxism. Consider again what he says this “conspiracy theory” amounts to:
In light of the facts addressed in this essay, such a theory would seem thoroughly borne out, with the only required alterations being that the process started before the 1960s and involved many more figures than the staff of the Institute for Social Research. The problem with people like Wilson is that they are proof of the very ‘conspiracy theory’ they refute. Raised in a controlled media, saturated with pro-tolerance propaganda, psychologically blasted with crisis after crisis, stripped of cultural pride, consumed by White guilt, and influenced by purchased “sponsors,” he is the perfectly gullible product of the protocols of Samuel H. Flowerman and the mass communications clique.
Not barmy, but more or less ridiculous, Wilson becomes an intellectual pygmy biting at the heels of his betters — those who, like the veteran in the study of Bettelheim, Shils, and Janowitz, see the true origin of the propaganda and are pathologized for their perceptivity.
[1] Flowerman, S. H., “Mass propaganda in the war against bigotry,” The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 42(4), (1947) 429-439.
[2] S.H. Flowerman and M. Jahoda, “The study of man – can prejudice be fought scientifically?” Commentary, Dec., 1946.
[3] S. H. Flowerman, “Portrait of the Authoritarian Man,” New York Times Magazine, April 23 1950, 31.
[4] See for example, Richard Koszarski, “Subway Commandos: Hollywood Filmmakers at the Signal Corps Photographic Center,” Film History Vol. 14, No. 3/4, (2002), 296-315.
[2] D. M. Scott, “Postwar Pluralism, Brown v. Board of Education, and the Origins of Multicultural Education,” Journal of American History, Vol 91, No 1 (2004), 69–82.
[3] For an example of Flowerman’s thoughts on Freud and psychoanalysis see S. H. Flowerman, “Psychoanalytic Theory and Science,” American Journal of Psychotherapy, Vol. 8, No. 3, 415-441.
[5] Herbert Greenberg, “The Effects of Single-Session Education Techniques on Prejudice Attitudes,” The Journal of Educational Sociology, Vol. 31, No. 2 (1957), 82-86, 82.
[6] Ido Oren, Our Enemies and US: America’s Rivalries and the Making of Political Science, (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, (2003), 13.
[7] Thomas Wheatland, The Frankfurt School in Exile (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2009), 384.
[8] Hynek Jeřábek, Paul Lazarsfeld and the Origins of Communications Research, (New York: Routledge, 2017), 18.
[9] James Curran, “Jay Blumler: A Founding Father of British Media Studies,” in Stephen Coleman (ed) Can the media save democracy? Essays in honour of Jay G. Blumler (London: Palgrave, 2015).
[10] John P. Jackson and Nadine M. Weidman, Race, Racism, and Science: Social Impact and Interaction (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press), 176.
[11] David Kettler and Gerhard Lauer, Exile, Science and Bildung: The Contested Legacies of German Emigre Intellectuals (New York: Palgrave, 2005), 184.
[12] James Schmidt, “The Eclipse of Reason and the End of the Frankfurt School in America,” New German Critique 100 (2007), 47-76, 47.
[13]Jeřábek, Paul Lazarsfeld and the Origins of Communications Research, 23.
[14] Bureau of Applied Social Research, “The Ghosts Go West”: A Study of Comprehension, (Unpublished), 1945, Directed by Bernard B. Berelson. Cited in Flowerman, S. H., “Mass propaganda in the war against bigotry,” 438.
[15] See for example, “The dynamic basis of anti-Semitic attitudes,” The Psychoanalytic Quarterly, Vol. 17, No. 2, (1948); “The evasion of propaganda: How prejudiced people respond to anti-prejudice propaganda” The Journal of Psychology, 23 (1947), 15-25; Studies in the scope and method of “The authoritarian personality. (New York, NY, US: Free Press, 1954); “Race relations in Public Housing,” Journal of Social Issues, Vol. 7, No. 1-2 (1951).
[16] Morris Janowitz and Bruno Bettelheim, Dynamics of Prejudice (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1950).
[17] Joseph Gittler, “Measuring the Awareness of the Problem of Group Hostility,” Social Forces, Vol. 34, No. 2 (Dec., 1955), 163-167.
[18] Joseph Gittler, ”Man and His Prejudices,” The Scientific Monthly, 69 (1949 ), 43-47.
[19] Herbert Blumer, ““Race Prejudice as a Sense of Group Position,” Pacific Sociological Review, 1 (Spring 1958), 3-7.
[20] Irvin Rock and Stephen Palmer, “The Legacy of Gestalt Psychology,” Scientific American, Dec 1990, 84-90, 89.
[21] Ernest Dichter, The Strategy of Desire (New York: Routledge, 2017), 15.
[22] Bert T. King and Elliott McGinnies, Attitudes, Conflict, and Social Change (New York: Academic Press, 1972), 124.
https://www.theoccidentalobserver.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Propaganda.jpg 406 575 Andrew Joyce, Ph.D. https://www.theoccidentalobserver.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/TOO-Full-Logo-660x156-1.png Andrew Joyce, Ph.D.2020-01-14 00:19:582020-01-14 08:22:04“Modify the standards of the in-group”: On Jews and Mass Communications
There was/is another important ingredient to “modify the standards of the in-group”. And that is the replacement of the normal standard-setters (family/tribe/x) with the mass-media. This was aided by the destruction of the nuclear family and male authority in it. Of course, mass-media tends to win that fight regardless.
On another item:
As an INTJ, I can tell you that I never fell for any of this stuff. I could literally feel the manipulation. Unfortunately, most of humanity needs some sort of religion/ideology to immunize itself. And I don’t see anything like that taking hold. Things are going to have to get really tough before the general population starts thinking straight–and by then it will be far too late.
Trenchant says:
With respect, it is never too late, only more difficult.
Nick Dean says:
LS, most of humanity is immunized against this multicult stuff innately. And despite all the propaganda, most Whites in TWM countries have always been and still are opposed to immivasion, anti-White policies and their continuation.
You have no need to distinguish yourself from Whites generally, and it damages us that you do on two counts.
1) Class division
2) Error
When it’s so clear from polls and relevant election votes that the White masses remain opposed to all this obvious BS despite decades of propaganda, the idea of a division between a few clear-thinking Whites who think soundly and the unsound masses just has to have been introduced and amplified by outside parties. Our sincere bright sparks would not and could not have come up with that notion by themselves. Even INTJ’s. You heard it before, admit it. And now admit it’s false.
Don’t peddle enemy propaganda, LS.
Michael Fury says:
“In the desolation they called peace
He determined never, never to release
Any Aryan soul from the affliction
Of his reckless hate and its direction
To the end of demoralization.
As a century before the Southern nation
In America had been subdued,
Soon guilt and shame became the food
All Western children by his media
Were fed, now new technologies were ready
Vectors for this mass transmission.
His cinema and television
Perfected this deep subversion
Sold as novelty and mere diversion.
The frame of civilization was bent
Even as every advancement
Of aryan science was promoted
As proof that free people who voted
Had won the great struggle of history
And were bound, together, for glory.
As Wernher von Braun raised America
To space, Marxist esoterica
From decadents the Reich had silenced
Emerged and were suddenly ensconced
In the academy. His psychologists,
Critics, philosophers, apologists
For every perversion of tradition
And natural order took their mission
Seriously, and from their campus
They sent forth without compass
A great wave of students intent
On drowning the stricken Occident
In chaos they learned to call progress.”
http://forthesonsofthewest.home.blog
Realist says:
Okay…what’s the solution?
Achilles Wannabe says:
Not every problem has a solution.
RobertDolan says:
Once the manipulation is pointed out it seems quite obvious. I felt the same way after reading the CofC…..that on some level I could FEEL the alien influence all around me, but I needed KMAC to flesh it out for me and explain it.
Great article. Should be required reading in sociology class in universities. I attended a seminar at the Institute for Social Research in New York in the 1980’s and learned of its origins back then.
I hope the day comes soon when such a great writer as Dr. Joyce does not have to stay hidden and can be invited to speak at universities. I’m in Ukraine right now and David Irving has posted several articles from Jewish websites / newspapers recently on Israel’s “request” (demand?) that Ukraine take its heroes that fought the murderous Judeo-Bolsheviks off its list of heroes for supposedly committing atrocities against Jews during WW II. No mention of the 8 million Ukrainians the Jews killed in the 1930’s in the articles. All across eastern Europe the Jews have been working hard to instill the Holocaust guilt on eastern Europeans that they instilled in the west years ago. The word “Holocaust” was unknown in eastern Europe up until at least 1990. Now, everyone appears to know it. I saw it in Lithuania when I was there last year and I have read articles on their efforts. I think the Jews have come a long way in succeeding here in Ukraine, but at the same time there are some fighters that are not ready to give in to the Jews demands. Dr. Joyce’s 5 part article Final Solution: The Fate of the Jews, 1933–1949 is one of the most interesting articles I have ever read. In lieu of that, I think Dr. Joyce would have some interesting things to say and would be warmly welcomed by many Ukrainians if invited to speak on this subject. I think David Irving would also be warmly welcomed here, but Mr. Irving is not the dynamic speaker he once was. I really think both these men could make a difference here in eastern Europe. I know I have gotten off the subject of the above article, but it amazes me that the Jews attack almost every eastern European country that resisted the Jewish Bolsheviks during the war but these countries don’t come together to counter the Jews with what the Jews did to earn this resistance to them and appear to be unequipped with the knowledge of what went on or unwilling to counter the Jews.
Wonkey Donkey Mark III says:
re:”Re-reading this article recently, I wondered what Mr Wilson would say if I told him I possessed a document wherein an influential Jew linked to Marcuse and Adorno unambiguously sets out a scheme for the capture of the media, the mass brainwashing of White populations”
I think we all know what he would do and say: he would place his fingers in his lug`oles whilst singing, ` la la la la` at the top of his soy drenched voice.
This followed by a denial of the existence of `White populations` – he and his wunderkind only have use for this term in reference to their racist and bigoted stance and the need for its negation.
And Netflix CEO is a great nephew of Bernays and Freud – small wonder !
AntiSocialFool says:
Wow I didnt know that- so it means basically that the Co Founder and current CEO of Netflix Reed Hastings is basically little more than a Shabbat Goy.!
A very comon phenomena
ChilledBee says:
“What Flowerman is proposing here is essentially a revolution in values, after which a politically correct culture emerges where the demographic majority becomes self-policing and antagonistic to its own ethnic interests”
One only has to look to Sweden to see that this notion is in full swing over there. Any fool can also see what has become of a once homogeneous, peaceful country wherein the majority of its citizens were all like-minded.
Now, through Jewish influences, namely the likes of Barbera Lerner Spectre, the Swedish are now residing in a country where there are cities that are unrecognizable.
ceciil1 says:
Its important to hear the term ‘pro-tolerance’ for what it is:
It means pro-tolerance for White destruction and Genocide.
That is the ‘tolerance’.
Felton Newisher says:
An interesting entry in Flowerman’s prescription for us worthless cattle, under the heading “Economic Deterrents/Incentives”:
Chronic Depression.
Jett Rucker says:
“…unlocking of White American public opinion …”
WHAT, please, could THAT be?
“Raised in a controlled media, saturated with pro-tolerance propaganda, psychologically blasted with crisis after crisis, stripped of cultural pride, consumed by White guilt, and influenced by purchased “sponsors,” he is the perfectly gullible product”
That was ME. I was never consumed by guilt but I did sometimes think I ought to be. Otherwise, as a first stage boomer, I got Judophilia and Judaized history from the beginnings of my maturity right on thru with no
help from the internet. The thing is that I thought of myself as a intelectual – a person who looked critically at evidence before adopting a world view. But I was never doing more than working within a prescribed paradigm, There were a few voices crying in the wilderness = “Look out for the jews boy” – but I perceived them as loons. Now I am continuously impressed with how I could look right at the Elephant and not see it. And I did this at least until Iraq and even then limited my critique to neo con Jews and foreign policy. The thing is that I am
not stupid. not incurious, not uneducated. Too well educated actually. Jewish educated, These people have us by the brains. They are history’s greatest con men.
BADmejr says:
I solute Dr. Joyce on such an informative article, which must have taken a significant amount of time to research and put together. So often when I read something of this quality, I feel the need to share it, but therein lies a problem. First, it takes a high level of intelligence to have the ability to fully comprehend, let alone to have the desire to read, such an article. This excludes most people from being able to gain from it, but I suppose it is not written for them. That being the case, the problem lies in the reception of those capable of comprehending it. I have started on the “ground floor” with so many people I perceive as intelligent and open minded enough to hear certain truths without dismissing them outright. It takes a long time to bring the uninitiated up to a level of understanding that would allow them to gain the insight Dr. Joyce’s article provides. I find this frustrating, but I suppose that is the nature of our work.
It really is amazing what collective Jewry has been able to pull off against our people. In essence, “normies” now live in the Matrix, a false reality put in front of their eyes and ears through smart phones, TV, and other technologies in which our somewhat universal notions of fair play and justice are inverted to work against us. Were this fake “reality” actually true, then perhaps my own notion of justice would more mimic those of our people fighting against our interests. In this matrix, the blacks really are oppressed, while they are actually the best scientists, computer geniuses, doctors, etc. Women are just as strong physically (if not stronger) than men. Homosexual “families” are “normal” units. Then when we step out into ACTUAL reality and see how different it is from the fake matrix reality, we see injustice everywhere and feel a need to right those wrongs. We have to consider that many people today, particularly the young, spend far more time in the “reality” portrayed on TV and smartphones than in the real world. The sights and sounds absorbed in this jewscape are no less real than those we experience in the real world, at least from the perspective of our brains and how they perceive them over time.
I don’t just try to convey truth to intelligent and open-minded whites on the right, although they are far easier to convert to the world of truth. I also try (over time) to convey to intelligent white leftists that our notions of justice and fair play are not so different from theirs. In many ways, I see them as the same. They are just stuck in the matrix, and they are so helplessly dependent on that false reality that they will do almost anything to maintain the illusion. Were they to see the truth, we would be fellow travelers. The efforts to bring it to them have borne some fruit, by the way, although in slow increments.
We are all annoyed when we here that race is MERELY a social construct, but to some extent this is true. Yes, the biological reality of race cannot be denied, but our perception of reality, rather, is socially constructed. Furthermore, the ability of highly ethnocentric Jews to shape these social constructions has only grown as technology has increased to the point of being able to saturate our time and senses. In previous times, our reality was to a large extent socially constructed, but these perceptions largely revolved around actual reality that we experienced in our everyday lives. I recall as a teenager in the 90’s, we youth were dying to get our driver’s licenses, and we frequently congregated anywhere we could for social interaction- the movies, bowling alleys, even parking lots. Teenagers today don’t have much real social interaction, let alone experience with nature. Their social interactions are largely limited to their smartphones, and such interaction all goes through the filter of the Jew. To say we have our work cut out for us is putting it lightly.
Still, I have a lot of hope. Activist Jews helped create a culture in which the youth perpetually feel a need to rebel against society. Much of them still do this in the form of coming out trans and the like, but there is a growing segment of the very young who gravitate towards our side. Today we are the rebels. Today we are the ones fighting for true justice. I have seen a huge amount of these kids gravitating to our beliefs in spite of all the nonsense spewed from every rotten orifice of our society, or perhaps because of it.
It is true that it could go either way for us. We face formidable odds, and we are on the defensive. We have prior past environments, harsh as they were, to thank for a path of evolution that saw us to the greatest heights of any people in history. The current environment is likely more harsh for our survival than any we have faced in the past, but it could also, like before, propel us to great heights. It is hard to feel pity for what could happen to the fools who set us on this path when true justice reasserts itself in the world through our rise.
The Truman Show’s producers must have laughed all the way to the bank.
Stogumber says:
Thanks for this informative article. My impression is that American Jewish planning for “social control” was at its height immediately after WWII, and most openly expressed. After the warnings by George Orwell, people became somewhat more distrustful and Jewish authors learned to wage their words.
I find it interesting how many Jewish publications centered around the two slogans (catchwords) “authoritarian” and “prejudice”. The immediate origin is of course Adorno et alii TAP, but it would be interesting to know the history of those concepts before TAP. Of the both, I think,”prejudice” has somewhat lost appeal because of the evident advantage of prejudice in everyday life. “Authoritarian” has just been revived in the war against Putin, Orban etc., even if its success on the long run is yet uncertain. (Also, Jewry is more muticentered today and not every Jew hates Putin and Orban. So the triumph of the ADL may be temporal.)
Richard B says:
Once again we see one more example in the form of yet another excellent TOO article of just how Pyrrhic the victory of Jewish Supremacy Inc. is.
By brainwashing the public, which includes members of JSI itself and, of course, their many proxies, they render the individual minds that make up that public unresponsive to the many demands a civlization more complex and unpredictable than ever before makes on them.
Thereby undermining the effectiveness of the very social-institutions whose performance is in response to the directions emanating from the culture JSI controls.
Nothing quite fails like JSI success.
I’ve said it before, but will say it again, JSI is good at infiltration, subversion, propaganda, censorship, betrayal, destruction and death.
But it’s no good at social-management, at all. Just look around.
Like Milton’s God, JSI is growing dark with excessive bright. A phrase I never understood until now.
Our Mission Is Clear.
The above rewritten – for us!
1) Question, Analyze and Expose the channels of mass communications;
2) Use the knowledge acquired from #1 to expose and resist the Saturation with Pro-tolerance (Pro-Jewish/Anti-White) messages;
3) Expose Jewish Supremacy Inc.’s method of Crisis, designed or accidental;
4) Promote Cultural Pride and Self-esteem;
5) Cultivation of Self-Awareness, Situational Awareness, Self-Defense/Group-Defense, Value of Self and Group.
6) Sponsorship of individual honesty, courage and intelligence and group loyalty.
I’m sure other commenters and TOO writers could do their own modifications. But you get the idea.
In any event, it’s a good practice to take such lists of theirs and simply invert them.
Just as European man, White man (whatever one wants to call him) inverted the four sanctions (dating back to the Paleolithic Age) of
Economic Deprivation
Economic Ease
The Privileges of Freedom
Respect for the Individual
The Value of Life
From this perspective it’s clear that Jewish Supremacy Inc. is demanding that we return to a way of life that is pre-modern.
And they’re doing this at a time when civilization is more complex and unpredictable than ever before.
This being the case, it’s clear that the more power they acquire and exercise the easier it is to see how sick and crazy they really are. Which is way,
Treason against JSI is Loyalty to Humanity.
rb3 says:
You make some good points there Rich.
Such an amazing article by Dr. Joyce. Realist here asked, “what’s the solution?” I think the solution might be the truth; just outing the truth it at least could be a good start you know. I was listening to talk radio this morning and the discussion was about no one being able to figure out why people from high tax states, and states such as California that are turning into third world countries, why these folks who leave these states for low tax, more conservative states, continue to want to implement the policies in their new found residences with the policies that caused them to leave the residences that they ran away from! And this article by Dr. Joyce just might be the answer as to why something so nuts happens. Even thought they have geographically moved, they are still living in this cultural Marxist matrix that has been instilled in their minds. They can’t see out of it. They probably don’t even know that it exists.
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ECONOMICS REPORT - High Fuel Prices Drive Manufacturing Closer to Home
This is the VOA Special English Economics Report.
Cargo containers are loaded onto a ship at the Port of Miami
In the last thirty years, American businesses have increasingly used suppliers in China and all over the world. This helped fuel a current account deficit of seven hundred thirty-one billion dollars last year. The current account is a measure of the difference between a country's income and its current spending.
Even so, many companies profited by importing goods from foreign suppliers as world trade barriers fell and oil prices were low. But wage costs have risen in China. And now, with oil so costly, many economists wonder how wise it is to make products far from home markets.
A recent report by Jeff Rubin and Benjamin Tal at the Canadian bank CIBC said shipping inflation is taking the place of the old trade tariffs. For example, in the year two thousand, the cost to send a twelve-meter shipping container from Shanghai to the American East Coast was three thousand dollars. Now the cost has risen to eight thousand dollars.
High transportation costs have already affected China's foreign trade. The rate of export growth decreased from about twenty-seven percent a year ago to twenty-two percent in the first half of this year.
To cut transportation costs, some companies are opening factories in countries where they sell their products. Sweden's Ikea, the world's largest seller of home furniture, just opened its first factory in the United States in Virginia.
Countries like the United States that have lost manufacturing jobs to foreign competition could see some of those jobs return. But a new report says American businesses are also looking at other ways to deal with high fuel prices. The report is from a transportation research company based in London, Eyefortransport.
It says that for years the industry has tried to reduce costs by moving goods through the supply chain as quickly as possible. Now, high fuel costs are making some companies restructure their operations. Fewer but larger loads are being shipped.
And companies are moving more goods by rail and by water, along coasts and inland waterways. Not only does that save fuel, the report says, it also helps shippers and carriers improve their "green" image.
With these changes, it says, American manufacturers are looking for low-cost countries closer to home -- known as near shoring. At the same time, there appears to be a common belief in the industry that some carriers are raising fuel charges just to increase profits.
And that's the VOA Special English Economics Report, written by Mario Ritter. I'm Steve Ember.
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Ondine's Curse Symptoms and Treatment
More in Sleep Disorders
Insomnia & More Disorders
Brandon Peters, MD
Brandon Peters, MD, is a board-certified neurologist and sleep medicine specialist.
a board-certified physician
Cornelia Schauermann/Cultura/Getty Images
Breathing can sometimes be abnormal from birth. In a rare genetic condition, referred to as Ondine's curse, the breathing difficulty can be serious and even life-threatening. Explore some of the potential causes of Ondine's curse and how it can be effectively treated.
What Is Ondine's Curse?
Ondine’s curse—more appropriately known as congenital central hypoventilation syndrome or CCHS—is a rare, severe form of sleep apnea in which an individual completely stops breathing when falling asleep. It is usually congenital, meaning that it is present from birth. It may be noted in the neonatal unit after delivery.
Central sleep apnea is characterized by the brainstem failing to prompt normal breathing. This seems to be due to a decreased responsiveness to high levels of carbon dioxide and low oxygen levels within the blood. This becomes especially dangerous during sleep.
Ondine’s curse is named after a mythical tale in which a heartbroken water nymph curses her unfaithful husband to stop breathing should he ever fall asleep. In medical terms, Ondine's curse represents an extreme form of sleep apnea.
Dangers of Sleep Apnea You Should Know
Central hypoventilation affects about one in 30 million people, which means only several hundred people have it in the world. As such, it is considered to be an extremely rare condition. A genetic mutation appears to be the underlying cause. It is thought to occur when the brain fails to prompt breathing, as may also be seen in central sleep apnea.
This condition may be present from birth or it may develop after damage to the brainstem, which controls the drive to breathe. Central hypoventilation may be associated with difficulty swallowing, intestinal problems called Hirschsprung’s disease, or tumors called neuroblastoma.
Though the condition usually occurs sporadically, there may be a genetic tendency that runs in families. Relatives may have a milder form of dysfunction that affects the autonomic nervous system.
In 2003, the PHOX2B gene was identified as the disease-defining gene for CCHS, providing pathologists the means to definitively diagnose the disease and provide early treatment.
In about 10% of cases, other mutations at the same location are involved. Parents who wish to have additional children after having a child with CCHS are encouraged to seek genetic counseling.
10 Signs of Sleep Apnea in Children
Most affected individuals have an onset shortly after birth. It has been reported to start later, however, with even adult cases documented. Symptoms may be brought out in milder cases with the use of anesthesia or sedatives.
People with CCHS take shallow breaths (hypoventilate), especially during sleep, resulting in a shortage of oxygen and a buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood.
Reduced and shallow breathing is most apparent in non-REM sleep but can even occur during REM sleep or when fully awake, albeit to a lesser degree.
Other symptoms include acid reflux and poor upper gastrointestinal motility, manifesting with nausea, pain, dysgeusia (difficulty swallowing), and vomiting.
10 Surprising Symptoms of Sleep Apnea
Treatment involves the use of a mechanical ventilator connected to a tracheostomy tube in front of the throat. The ventilator ensures normal breathing whenever the person goes to sleep, even during naps. If this were not used, someone with CCHS could die anytime they fall asleep.
Reflux is often treated with medications, while poor upper gastrointestinal motility may often be managed with diet and altered eating habits.
Due to the nature of the treatment, families of those afflicted often become adept at managing the equipment required to maintain normal breathing. It may initially seem intimidating, but help within the hospital setting allows a smooth transition to treatment at home. Guidance from respiratory therapists, including at-home resources, can ease this adjustment.
What Is Treatment-Emergent Sleep Apnea?
If you are interested in learning more about Ondine's curse, especially if you have an affected child, it is recommended that you consider a consultation with a pediatric pulmonologist at an academic medical center.
Due to the rarity of the condition, and the seriousness of the potential consequences, the care of a specialist will be initially required. It may also be possible to network with other affected families who are managing the condition. This social support may be helpful for many reasons. Reach out to get the help that you need from a specialist to optimize the health and well-being of your child and family.
Tossing and turning night over night can have a big impact on your quality of life. Our free guide can help you get the rest you need. Sign up for our newsletter and get it free.
Weese-Mayer DE, Berry-Kravis EM, Zhou L, et al. Idiopathic congenital central hypoventilation syndrome: Analysis of genes pertinent to early autonomic nervous system embryologic development and identification of mutations in PHOX2b. Am J Med Genet. 2003;123A(3):267-78. doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.20527
Amiel J et al. "Polyalanine expansion and frameshift mutations of the paired-like homeobox gene PHOX2B in congenital central hypoventilation syndrome." Nat Genet 2003;33(4):459-461.
Chen ML, Keens TG. "Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome: not just another rare disorder." Paediatr Respir Rev 2004;5(3):182-189.
Faraco J and Mignot E. "Genetics of Sleep and Sleep Disorders in Humans." In Principles and Practices of Sleep Medicine, Elsevier, 2011, pp. 93-94.
Oxygen Levels Drop With Long-Term Health Problems in Sleep Apnea
Common Sleep Disorders Can Cause Carbon Dioxide to Build up in Blood
The Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment of Central Sleep Apnea
Is It Snoring or Obstructive Sleep Apnea? Symptoms Differ and Overlap
Why Do People Die in Their Sleep?
What Oxygen Desaturation Index (ODI) Means on a Sleep Study Report
Sleep Apnea Headache Diagnosis and Treatment
Symptoms and Risks of Sleep Apnea During Pregnancy
Use of Tracheostomy Surgery in Sleep Apnea Treatment
An Overview of Sleep Apnea
Treatment of Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome
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Advancing Philanthropy
Board of Directors & Board of Advisors
Donate to PVF
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PVF has given out more than $148 million in the past 28 years, all with a staff of 8
Bill Somerville,
James Higa,
Dawn Hawk,
Sheryl Young, San Mateo County Program Director
Savannah Lira, Program Officer
Aly Quiroz-Perez,
Kari Jo Maracic,
Emily Gifford, Admin/Bookkeeping Assistant
Bill Somerville
bsomerville@venturesfoundation.org
Bill brings over 50 years of experience in nonprofit work, including 17 years as Executive Director of the Peninsula Community Foundation. Bill is nationally recognized as an expert on creative grantmaking. He has consulted at over 400 community foundations in the United States, Canada and abroad on effective operations and grantmaking. Bill has taught courses on philanthropy at Stanford University, UC Berkeley’s Osher Lifelong Learning Institute, and Laney Community College, in Oakland, CA.
Grassroots Philanthropy: Field Notes of a Maverick Grantmaker, by Bill Somerville with Fred Setterberg, published in February 2008 by Heyday Press, is a guide to decisive, hands-on grantmaking, to energize and motivate individual donors, foundation grantmakers, and nonprofit leaders alike.
Bill is a recipient of the 2004 Gerbode Fellowship Award in recognition of outstanding achievement as a non-profit executive. He is a founding member of the National Advisory Board Haas Center for Public Service at Stanford University. He is an advisor to the Dean of the UC Berkeley School of Social Welfare.
James Higa
jhiga@venturesfoundation.org
James brings 28 years of executive experience from Silicon Valley to PVF. He reported directly to Steve Jobs for much of his career and worked alongside him to change the face of technology as we know it. He was at the birth of the personal computer revolution as a member of the original Macintosh team and deeply involved in the creation of many of the breakthrough products and services at Apple over the last three decades.
James had a direct hand in transforming entire consumer industries through his work on the negotiating team of the landmark iTunes agreements with the record labels that changed music forever. His spark of innovation helping to launch iTunes University was a formative event in the emerging online education revolution.
James has a long history of public service as a member of the National Advisory Board, Haas Center for Public Service, Stanford University, and in the grassroots relief efforts during the 2011 Tohoku and 1995 Kobe Earthquakes in Japan. He is also a member of the Stanford University Libraries and Academic Information Resources Advisory Council. He has served on the Stanford Alumni Association Board of Directors, Stanford Admissions Office National Advisory Board, and as an arbitrator for the International Chamber of Commerce.
Dawn Hawk
dhawk@venturesfoundation.org
Dawn serves as Chief Operating Officer providing leadership around all aspects of PVF’s operations, from program design and administration to fund development, communications, grants management and evaluation, and fiscal, personnel and operational oversight. She works closely with PVF donors, nonprofit leaders and government partners, and supports programs incubated at PVF as Designated Funds.
Dawn received an MFA in Film Production from San Francisco State University and has a diverse background in small business management, teaching, and film production. Dawn’s wide-ranging volunteer efforts in the community include spearheading park renovations, grassroots organizing and service on the boards of Friends of Bella Vista Park, Center for Empowering Refugees and Immigrants, Preservation Park Center, and the Codornices Foundation, and as an advisory board member of Oakland Trybe and The Crucible.
Sheryl Young
San Mateo County Program Director
syoung@venturesfoundation.org
Prior to joining PVF, Sheryl Young was the Chief Executive Officer of Community Gatepath and AbilityPath.org. She has over 25 years of managerial experience in operations, finance, and marketing. Young is a graduate of the Stanford University Graduate School of Business Executive Program for Non-Profit Leaders, and also earned an M.A. of Public Health from the University of California at Berkeley, an M.A. in Special Education from Ball State University and a B.A. in Political Science from Purdue University.
Savannah Lira
slira@venturesfoundation.org
Savannah is responsible for program management and development, and all social media and communication materials. Prior to joining PVF, she served as an AmeriCorps Member working in economic development for the Center for Employment Opportunities and as a Legislative Intern for Former U.S. Congressman Sam Farr in Washington, D.C. Savannah received her B.A. in Economics from the University of California, Santa Cruz.
Aly Quiroz-Perez
aperez@venturesfoundation.org
Aly processes the daily grants and gifts that PVF receives. She has B.A. degrees in Chicano/a Studies and Spanish from the University of California, Davis. After graduating college, Aly began exploring the nonprofit world by completing several internships with organizations around the Bay Area, such as the San Francisco Bicycle Coalition and GRID Alternatives. In her free time, she likes to read, listen to music, and volunteer.
Kari Jo Maracic
Emily Gifford
Administrative/Bookkeeping Assistant
egifford@venturesfoundation.org
Emily provides assistance to PVF’s Bookkeeper by handling daily banking and check-writing transactions. She also provides processing support to PVF’s arts and visiting artist grant programs. Emily has a Bachelor’s degree in Labor and Employment Relations from the Pennsylvania State University and is also currently the National Legal and Compliance Coordinator for the non-profit, Center for Employment Opportunities.
Bottom banner photo credit: Martin Klimek
“Bill Somerville’s record of accomplishment in the philanthropic field has few equals.”
– Albert Horn, Attorney, Anderson Yazdi Hwang Minton + Horn LLP
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All photos courtesy of PVF grantees unless otherwise noted.
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Meet Eli
About Eli Testimonials
Home About Eli Testimonials Ottawa South
Eli Tannis.
Eli Tannis is a successful Entrepreneur who was born and raised in Ottawa to immigrant parents from Lebanon. He is the former Conservative candidate for Ottawa South. Eli and his wife Joyce have four Children Jordan, Brandon, Chelsea and Jena.
In 1940, Eli’s father and uncle started Tannis Trading, a small distribution company. Sadly, both died in the early 1970s and Eli’s mother, Souad, was left with six young children and a company that was half a million dollars in debt. With hard work and perseverance, his resilient mother and the family created a successful company, headed by Eli and his siblings for the past 45 years. It employed up to 140 people. Recently, it was sold to Sysco, a major food company which is in the process of expanding its operation in Ottawa South, creating another 100 jobs.
The Tannis family is well known for giving back to the community. Eli is a founding member and active organizer and fundraiser for the Tannis 21 Foundation which has contributed more than 1.3 million dollars to community hospitals, research and health care facilities and other charitable organizations.
Eli also spearheaded a partnership between his siblings and Ottawa Salus to help fund and create Karen’s Place in memory of his sister. It is a state-of-the-art housing development located in Ottawa South for those living with mental illness.
He served as President of the Hawthorne Business Park Association and served on the board of St Elias Cathedral.
Eli and his wife Joyce have four children Jordan, Brandon Chelsea and Jena.
He is the former Conservative Candidate for Ottawa South.
et@votetannis.ca
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The corridinho, the baile de roda and the baile mandado are danced in pairs and are directed by the mandador. The origin of these dances, which used to be popular in nature and today are danced by ethnographic and folk music groups, can be traced back to the court dances, and were then recreated and adapted for popular weekend dances.
The accordion, a fundamental instrument for the Algarve’s traditional dances, first appeared in the region towards the end of the 19th century, and soon became popular, bringing added interest to local repertoires. Players reinvented and combined melodies and rhythms of polkas and mazurkas to those of the old bailes de roda, giving rise to the rhythmic and harmonic richness of the Algarve’s folk music groups, whose dances incorporate influences from the various peoples whom they encountered over the years.
Christmas in the Algarve is a time of religious and community tradition, with wonderful songs in tribute to the young saviour, especially in the uplands of the Serra do Caldeirão.
During the Christmas and New Year festive season, carol singers called charolas go from door to door singing seasonal songs and playing popular instruments that illustrate the people’s cheerfulness and ability to improvise. Residents normally respond with applause and then offer the singers delicacies and a glass of good medronho brandy. However, if they don’t, the singers get their revenge by singing teasing songs, called chacotas. Spontaneous carol-singing groups have now virtually disappeared but there are ethnographic groups who try to keep this typical eastern-Algarve tradition alive and bring it back into the public eye.
Other traditional songs, which have all but disappeared are working songs such as the leva-leva, which fishermen used to sing to mark the rhythm of drawing in the nets, and the harvest songs, sung in the countryside. The same is true of lullabies and romantic songs, which could either be slow or lively, like parades. Nowadays, the tradition lives on in the voices and fingers of the traditional singing groups, who preserve this inestimable wealth and present it to the public.
Villa Romana do Montinho das Laranjeiras (The Roman Villa Montinho das Laranjeiras)
Casa do Compromisso Marítimo and Museu da Cidade de Olhão (House of the “Compromisso Marítimo” / Museum of the City of Olhão
Igreja do Carmo (Church of Carmo)
, Lagos
Convento de Nossa Senhora da Assunção and Museu Municipal de Faro
Igreja da Misericórdia de Aljezur (Aljezur Misericórdia Church)
Igreja Matriz de Bordeira (Bordeira Main Church)
Igreja Matriz de Mexilhoeira Grande (Mexilhoeira Grande Main Church)
, Portimão
Núcleo histórico de Cacela Velha (Historical Centre of Cacela Velha)
, Vila Real de Santo António
Castelo de Loulé (Loulé Castle)
Fortaleza de Santa Catarina (Fortress of Santa Catarina)
Igreja Matriz de Santa Maria (Main Church of Santa Maria)
Igreja Matriz de Algoz (Algoz Main Church)
Igreja Matriz de Odeleite (Odeleite Main Church)
Museu do Rio (Museum of the River)
Pólo Museológico Cândido Guerreiro e Condes de Alte (Cândido Guerreiro e Condes de Alte Museum)
Igreja Matriz de Lagos (Main Church of Luz de Lagos)
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Добро пожаловать в ООН
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Женева, Швейцария Вена, Австрия Лима, Перу Ломе, Того Катманду, Непал
Discussing the Disarmament Agenda with Japanese experts
The Under-Secretary-General and High Representative for Disarmament Affairs, Ms. Izumi Nakamitsu, helped introduce Japanese audiences to a landmark plan by the Secretary-General for the United Nations to put disarmament and non-proliferation at the centre of its work.
Ms. Nakamitsu discussed Secretary-General António Guterres’ new initiative, entitled “Securing Our Common Future: An Agenda for Disarmament”, in a panel discussion held in Hiroshima on 6 August 2018, the 73rd anniversary of the atomic bombing of the city.
Speaking to about 140 people, including survivors of the atomic bombing, the High Representative said Secretary-General Guterres was the first holder of his office to pursue a disarmament initiative of such comprehensive scope. Secretary-General Guterres unveiled his Agenda on 24 May in a speech at the University of Geneva.
Echoing the urgency he expressed then, Ms. Nakamitsu challenged the view that discussions about disarmament were of less value in a deteriorating international security environment. “We at the United Nations are seeing this issue from quite a different perspective. Because the world has become more dangerous, we must pursue disarmament more vigorously and place it at the center of the UN’s main priorities again,” she said.
“Disarmament is not about just discussing abstract ideas in conference rooms,” she added. “It should be redefined as a pragmatic tool to achieve international security, national security and human security.”
Her remarks were part of an event co-organized by the United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR) Hiroshima Office and the United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs. The gathering commemorated the 15th anniversary of the UNITAR Hiroshima Office and kicked off its new Ideas That Matter Series.
In an interactive panel discussion moderated by Ms. Mihoko Kumamoto, Director of the UNITAR Hiroshima Office, Ms. Nakamitsu explained three components of the Agenda that respectively address weapons of mass destruction, conventional weapons and so-called “frontier issues” such as cybersecurity and artificial intelligence (AI). She was joined in the discussion by three Japanese experts on peace and security: Professor Masahiko Asada of Kyoto University, Professor Yukie Osa of Rikkyo University and Professor Heigo Sato of Takushoku University.
Speaking in reference to “Disarmament to Save Humanity”, the Agenda’s section on weapons of mass destruction, the High Representative said the Secretary-General would promote dialogue aimed at bridging divergent positions on nuclear disarmament. She also stressed the need for all Member States to reaffirm that nuclear weapons must not be used.
Discussing related challenges, Professor Asada of Kyoto University said the United States and the Russian Federation were moving too slowly in their bilateral engagement on nuclear weapons, especially with regard to replacing or extending the Treaty on Measures for the Further Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms (New START), which was due to expire in 2021. He recalled that the Russian and United States presidents did not publicly discuss a possible extension of New START during a June summit, and he noted that their Governments had been questioning one another on matters related to compliance with the 1987 Treaty on the Elimination of Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles (INF Treaty). Professor Asada also remarked that nuclear-weapon States and their allies would not join the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons as long as they relied on nuclear deterrence.
While acknowledging such concerns about the treaty, the High Representative noted that international norms against nuclear weapons are being strengthened and underlined the importance of taking forward nuclear disarmament through the use of varied tools in an effective and complementary manner.
“Although Japan is not likely to sign the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons for the time being, I encourage all of you to ask questions and deepen discussions about how to pursue nuclear disarmament”, she said.
Turning to the matter of chemical weapons use in the Syrian Arab Republic, Professor Asada said the Government continued to use such weapons despite its 2013 accession to the Chemical Weapons Convention, which prohibits their development, production, possession and use. He said that although the situation demanded an urgent response, it remained difficult even to ascertain who had used chemical weapons due to the expiration in November 2017 of the mandate of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons–United Nations Joint Investigative Mechanism.
In this regard, Ms. Nakamitsu stressed the increasing complexity of intra-state and regional conflict generally. Referring specifically to the Syrian civil war, she noted how regional disputes and the involvement of major powers had limited the scope of agreed Security Council action.
In a separate discussion of “Disarmament that Saves Lives”, the priorities of the Secretary-General’s Agenda related to conventional weapons, the High Representative noted that advancing disarmament in the field of conventional weapons could begin to save lives immediately.
Echoing Ms. Nakamitsu, Professor Osa of Rikkyo University described the potential benefits of progress on conventional weapons, which include mines, tanks, warships, jet fighters, cannons, missiles and ammunition.
Citing one example, she highlighted the devastating impact of landmines on refugees. “The Mine Ban Convention was concluded in 1997—although a number of countries have not joined it—and there is a global norm against the use of landmines,” she said.
“But now mines are used again in Syria and against Rohingya refugees in Myanmar, gradually giving rise to serious problems.”
Professor Osa also highlighted a significant relationship between the emergence of child soldiers and the wide availability of small arms: because such weapons were small and light enough to be used by children, their proliferation had contributed to more children being forced into combat.
Turning to “Disarmament for Future Generations”, the component of the Secretary-General’s Agenda addressing rapid progress in areas such as artificial intelligence (AI) and cyberspace, Ms. Nakamitsu warned that the potential abuse and weaponization of emerging technologies could have a tremendous impact on the international security environment.
“To prevent this, we need to involve various actors in the private sector, engineers and scientists in discussions to consider new norms—not limited to formal ones such as treaties—that would ensure their substantial adherence through creative processes and methods”, she said.
Professor Sato of Takushoku University said the unprecedented nature of frontier technologies would complicate any potential response with a disarmament or non-proliferation dimension. He added that AI and cybertechnology were potentially dangerous not as offensive weapons but as “enablers” of other weapons, and their increasing indispensability in everyday life would require management of their use or development prior to their emergence as threats in this regard. He expressed hope that, at a minimum, Governments would reach agreement on the need to place all weapons under human control to help prevent armaments supported by cyber technology or AI from making life-or-death decisions.
To achieve progress in the Agenda’s three priority areas—weapons of mass destruction, conventional weapons and frontier technologies—High Representative Nakamitsu emphasized the importance of strengthening partnerships for disarmament, including by ensuring the equal, full and effective participation of women. “Women have played key roles in promoting disarmament in the past, but we intend to further advance their roles and create more opportunities for women.” She also stressed the importance of the role of young people: “The Secretary-General’s Disarmament Agenda says young people are the ultimate force of change”.
Addressing the broader question of how individuals can support the work of disarmament, Ms. Nakamitsu noted a recent effort by private-sector AI researchers to discourage the militarization of technologies they had developed.
“This is an interesting initiative and a good example in which researchers and employees in this field proactively tackled this issue as their own and influenced the company’s policy”, she said.
Taking a longer perspective, Professor Asada pointed out the value of disarmament and non-proliferation education, which he said was a low priority in Japanese universities. He singled out the importance of providing a good understanding of disarmament and non-proliferation issues to future civil servants who could participate in disarmament negotiations.
Professor Sato, for his part, said many universities suffered from a shortage of military and security expertise.
“It is very dangerous to talk about disarmament and arms control without knowing what is discussed and pursued in the military and security area, and what kind logic and common understandings lie behind it”, he said.
Professor Osa said the cultivation of greater cross-cultural empathy is important to countering what she called the “four enemies of humanity”: self-interest, lack of imagination, lack of awareness and indifference.
“Indifference does not harm people directly in the short run, but it kills people gradually in the long run,” Professor Osa said. “If we become indifferent to disarmament issues, a ‘bullet of indifference’ will, perhaps, be homing in on us.”
Expert meeting to facilitate dialogue on possible negotiations of a Fissile Material Cut-Off Treaty (FMCT) concludes in Bangkok
Permanent Mission of Kazakhstan hosts Nuclear Discussion Forum
UNRCPD concludes first part of project to support Timor-Leste in implementation of UN PoA and ATT
International Women’s Conference on Preventing the Proliferation of WMD to non-State Actors
Youth discuss “Disarmament that Saves Lives”
“Disarmament and Non-Proliferation Education: The Way Forward”, Vienna disarmament community discusses current status and prospects of disarmament education
UN adds watch made from illicit small arms to permanent disarmament exhibition
UNODA and Cybersecurity Tech Accord announce “Apps 4 Digital Peace!” contest
Side Event on Rethinking Unconstrained Military Spending
UNRCPD explores Responsible Innovation with the ASEAN Data Science Explorers
photo credit...
The bronze sculpture "Let Us Beat Our Swords into Ploughshares," was created by Soviet artist Evgeny Vuchetich, and presented to the United Nations on 4 December 1959 by the Government of the USSR. It is located in the North Garden of the United Nations Headquarters.
Credit: UN Photo/Andrea Brizzi
Отделения УВР
Публикации и ресурсы
Укрепление доверия
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Home > Health Library > Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treatment (PDQ®): Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI]
Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treatment (PDQ®): Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI]
General Information About Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
Estimated new cases and deaths from AML in the United States in 2019:[1]
New cases: 21,450.
Deaths: 10,920.
Advances in the treatment of AML (also called acute myelogenous leukemia, acute nonlymphocytic leukemia [ANLL]) have resulted in substantially improved complete remission (CR) rates.[2] Treatment should be sufficiently aggressive to achieve CR because partial remission offers no substantial survival benefit. Approximately 60% to 70% of adults with AML can be expected to attain CR status following appropriate induction therapy. More than 25% of adults with AML (about 45% of those who attain CR) can be expected to survive 3 or more years and may be cured. Remission rates in adult AML are inversely related to age, with an expected remission rate of more than 65% for those younger than 60 years. Data suggest that once attained, duration of remission may be shorter in older patients. Increased morbidity and mortality during induction appear to be directly related to age. Other adverse prognostic factors include central nervous system involvement with leukemia, systemic infection at diagnosis, elevated white blood cell count (>100,000/mm3), treatment-induced AML, and history of myelodysplastic syndromes or another antecedent hematological disorder. Patients with leukemias that express the progenitor cell antigen CD34 and/or the P-glycoprotein (MDR1 gene product) have an inferior outcome.[3,4,5] AML associated with an internal tandem duplication of the FLT3 gene (FLT3/ITD mutation) has an inferior outcome that is attributed to a higher relapse rate.[6,7]
Cytogenetic analysis
Cytogenetic analysis provides some of the strongest prognostic information available, predicting outcome of both remission induction and postremission therapy, as seen in a trial from the Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) and the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) (E-3489).[8] Cytogenetic abnormalities that indicate a good prognosis include t(8; 21), inv(16) or t(16;16), and t(15;17). Normal cytogenetics portends average-risk AML. Patients with AML that is characterized by deletions of the long arms or monosomies of chromosomes 5 or 7; by translocations or inversions of chromosome 3, t(6; 9), t(9; 22); or by abnormalities of chromosome 11q23 have particularly poor prognoses with chemotherapy. These cytogenetic subgroups, as seen in the trial from the Medical Research Council (MRC-LEUK-AML11), predict clinical outcome in older patients with AML as well as in younger patients.[9] The fusion genes formed in t(8; 21) and inv(16) can be detected by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), which will indicate the presence of these genetic alterations in some patients in whom standard cytogenetics was technically inadequate. RT–PCR does not appear to identify significant numbers of patients with good-risk fusion genes who have normal cytogenetics.[10]
Prognosis and the WHO classification
The classification of AML has been revised by a group of pathologists and clinicians under the auspices of the World Health Organization (WHO).[11] While elements of the French-American-British classification have been retained (i.e., morphology, immunophenotype, cytogenetics and clinical features), the WHO classification incorporates more recent discoveries regarding the genetics and clinical features of AML in an attempt to define entities that are biologically homogeneous and that have prognostic and therapeutic relevance.[11,12,13] Each criterion has prognostic and treatment implications but, for practical purposes, antileukemic therapy is similar for all subtypes.
A long-term follow-up of 30 patients who had AML that was in remission for at least 10 years has demonstrated a 13% incidence of secondary malignancies. Of 31 younger-than-40-years, long-term, female survivors of AML or acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 26 resumed normal menstruation following completion of therapy. Among 36 live offspring of survivors, 2 congenital problems occurred.[14]
The differentiation of AML from acute lymphocytic leukemia has important therapeutic implications. Histochemical stains and cell surface antigen determinations aid in discrimination.
Other PDQ summaries containing information related to acute myeloid leukemia include the following:
Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treatment
American Cancer Society: Cancer Facts and Figures 2014. Atlanta, Ga: American Cancer Society, 2014. Available online. Last accessed February 8, 2019.
Myint H, Lucie NP: The prognostic significance of the CD34 antigen in acute myeloid leukaemia. Leuk Lymphoma 7 (5-6): 425-9, 1992.
Geller RB, Zahurak M, Hurwitz CA, et al.: Prognostic importance of immunophenotyping in adults with acute myelocytic leukaemia: the significance of the stem-cell glycoprotein CD34 (My10) Br J Haematol 76 (3): 340-7, 1990.
Campos L, Guyotat D, Archimbaud E, et al.: Clinical significance of multidrug resistance P-glycoprotein expression on acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia cells at diagnosis. Blood 79 (2): 473-6, 1992.
Kottaridis PD, Gale RE, Frew ME, et al.: The presence of a FLT3 internal tandem duplication in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) adds important prognostic information to cytogenetic risk group and response to the first cycle of chemotherapy: analysis of 854 patients from the United Kingdom Medical Research Council AML 10 and 12 trials. Blood 98 (6): 1752-9, 2001.
Yanada M, Matsuo K, Suzuki T, et al.: Prognostic significance of FLT3 internal tandem duplication and tyrosine kinase domain mutations for acute myeloid leukemia: a meta-analysis. Leukemia 19 (8): 1345-9, 2005.
Slovak ML, Kopecky KJ, Cassileth PA, et al.: Karyotypic analysis predicts outcome of preremission and postremission therapy in adult acute myeloid leukemia: a Southwest Oncology Group/Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Study. Blood 96 (13): 4075-83, 2000.
Grimwade D, Walker H, Harrison G, et al.: The predictive value of hierarchical cytogenetic classification in older adults with acute myeloid leukemia (AML): analysis of 1065 patients entered into the United Kingdom Medical Research Council AML11 trial. Blood 98 (5): 1312-20, 2001.
Mrózek K, Prior TW, Edwards C, et al.: Comparison of cytogenetic and molecular genetic detection of t(8;21) and inv(16) in a prospective series of adults with de novo acute myeloid leukemia: a Cancer and Leukemia Group B Study. J Clin Oncol 19 (9): 2482-92, 2001.
Brunning RD, Matutes E, Harris NL, et al.: Acute myeloid leukaemia: introduction. In: Jaffe ES, Harris NL, Stein H, et al., eds.: Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues. Lyon, France: IARC Press, 2001. World Health Organization Classification of Tumours, 3, pp 77-80.
Bennett JM, Catovsky D, Daniel MT, et al.: Proposals for the classification of the acute leukaemias. French-American-British (FAB) co-operative group. Br J Haematol 33 (4): 451-8, 1976.
Cheson BD, Cassileth PA, Head DR, et al.: Report of the National Cancer Institute-sponsored workshop on definitions of diagnosis and response in acute myeloid leukemia. J Clin Oncol 8 (5): 813-9, 1990.
Classification of Adult AML
The World Health Organization (WHO) classification of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) incorporates and interrelates morphology, cytogenetics, molecular genetics, and immunologic markers in an attempt to construct a classification that is universally applicable and prognostically valid.[1] In the older French-American-British (FAB) criteria, the classification of AML is solely based upon morphology as determined by the degree of differentiation along different cell lines and the extent of cell maturation.[2,3]
Under the WHO classification, the category "acute myeloid leukemia not otherwise categorized" is morphology-based and reflects the FAB classification with a few significant modifications.[2,3] The most significant difference between the WHO and FAB classifications is the WHO recommendation that the requisite blast percentage for the diagnosis of AML be at least 20% blasts in the blood or bone marrow. The FAB scheme required the blast percentage in the blood or bone marrow to be at least 30%. This threshold value for blast percentage eliminated the category "refractory anemia with excess blasts in transformation" (RAEB-t) found in the FAB classification of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), where RAEB-t is defined by a marrow blast percentage between 20% and 29%. In the WHO classification, RAEB-t is no longer considered a distinct clinical entity and is instead included within the broader category "AML with multilineage dysplasia" as "AML with multilineage dysplasia following a myelodysplastic syndrome."[4]
Although this lowering of the blast threshold has been met with some criticism, several studies indicate that survival patterns for cases with 20% to 29% blasts are similar to survival patterns for cases with 30% or more blasts in the bone marrow.[5,6,7,8,9] The diagnosis of AML in itself does not represent a therapeutic mandate. The decision to treat should be based on other factors including patient age, previous history of MDS, clinical findings, disease progression, in addition to the blast percentage, and most importantly, patient preference.
Several groups have begun to investigate the use of gene expression profiling (GEP) using microarrays to augment current diagnostic and prognostic studies for AML. Distinct subsets can be identified using GEP that correspond to known cytogenetic and molecular abnormalities. The positive predictive value appears to be sufficiently powerful to be clinically useful only for patients with the t(8;21) and inv(16) (now referred to as core-binding factor [CBF] leukemias) and acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) with the t(15;17). GEP identified several cases of CBF leukemias that were not diagnosed using conventional cytogenetics.[10,11,12]
Next-generation sequencing of AML genomes has identified an average of 13 mutations per case. Mutated genes include transcription-factor fusions, nucleophosmin-1, tumor-suppressor, DNA-methylation-related, signaling, chromatin-modifying, myeloid transcription-factor, cohesion-complex, and spliceosome-complex.[13]
In the following outline and discussion, the older FAB classifications are noted where appropriate.
AML with characteristic genetic abnormalities.
AML with t(8; 21)(q22;q22); (AML/ETO).
AML with inv(16)(p13q22) or t(16;16)(p13; q22); (CBFβ/MYH11).
APL (AML with t(15;17)(q22; q12); (PML/retinoic acid receptor alpha [RARA]) and variants).
AML with 11q23 (MLL) abnormalities.
AML with an FLT3 mutation (not in the WHO classification scheme).
AML with multilineage dysplasia.
AML and MDS, therapy related.
Alkylating agent-related AML and MDS.
Topoisomerase II inhibitor-related AML.
AML not otherwise categorized.
Acute myeloblastic leukemia, minimally differentiated (FAB Classification M0).
Acute myeloblastic leukemia without maturation (FAB Classification M1).
Acute myeloblastic leukemia with maturation (FAB Classification M2).
Acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AMML) (FAB Classification M4).
Acute monoblastic leukemia and acute monocytic leukemia (FAB classifications M5a and M5b).
Acute erythroid leukemias (FAB classifications M6a and M6b).
Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (FAB Classification M7).
AML/transient myeloproliferative disorder in Down syndrome.
Acute basophilic leukemia.
Acute panmyelosis with myelofibrosis.
Myeloid sarcoma.
Acute leukemias of ambiguous lineage.
AML With Characteristic Genetic Abnormalities
This category is characterized by characteristic genetic abnormalities and frequently high rates of remission and favorable prognoses with the notable exception of those with 11q23 abnormalities.[14] The reciprocal translocations t(8; 21), inv(16) or t(16;16), t(15; 17), and translocations involving the 11q23 breakpoint are the most commonly identified genetic abnormalities. These structural chromosome rearrangements result in the formation of fusion genes that encode chimeric proteins that may contribute to the initiation or progression of leukemogenesis. Many of these translocations are detected by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), which has a higher sensitivity than cytogenetics. Other recurring cytogenetic abnormalities are less common and described below in AML not otherwise categorized.
AML with t(8; 21)(q22; q22); (AML/ETO)
AML with the translocation t(8; 21)(q22; q22) (occurring most commonly in FAB classification M2) is one of the most common genetic aberrations in AML and accounts for 5% to 12% of cases of AML and 33% of karyotypically abnormal cases of acute myeloblastic leukemia with maturation.[15] Myeloid sarcomas (chloromas) may be present and may be associated with a bone marrow blast percentage of less than 20%.
Common morphologic features include the following:
Large blasts with abundant basophilic cytoplasm, often containing numerous azurophilic granules.
A few blasts in some cases show very large granules (pseudo Chediak-Higashi granules).
Auer rods, which may be detected in mature neutrophils.
Smaller blasts, predominantly in the peripheral blood.
Promyelocytes, myelocytes, and mature neutrophils with variable dysplasia in the bone marrow.
Abnormal nuclear segmentation (pseudo Pelger-Huet nuclei) and/or cytoplasmic staining abnormalities.
Increased eosinophil precursors.
Reduced or absent monocytes.
Normal erythroblasts and megakaryocytes.
AML with maturation (FAB classification M2) is the most common morphologic type correlating with t(8; 21). Rarely, AML with this translocation presents with a bone marrow blast percentage less than 20%.[14]
The translocation t(8; 21)(q22; q22) involves the AML1 gene, also known as RUNX1, which encodes CBF-alpha, and the ETO (eight-twenty-one) gene.[14,16] The AML1/ETO fusion transcript is consistently detected in patients with t(8; 21) AML. This type of AML is usually associated with a good response to chemotherapy and a high complete remission (CR) rate with long-term survival when treated with high-dose cytarabine in the postremission phase as in the Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CLB-9022 and CLB-8525) trials.[17,18,19,20] Additional chromosome abnormalities are common, for example, loss of a sex chromosome and del(9)(q22). Expression of the neural-cell adhesion molecule (CD56) appears to be an adverse prognostic indicator.[21,22]
AML with inv(16)(p13; q22) or t(16; 16)(p13; q22); (CBFβ/MYH11)
AML with inv(16)(p13; q22) or t(16; 16)(p13; q22) is found in approximately 10% to 12% of all cases of AML, predominantly in younger patients.[14,23] Morphologically, this type of AML is associated with acute myelomonocytic leukemia (FAB classification M4) with abnormal eosinophils (AMML Eo). Myeloid sarcomas may be present at initial diagnosis or at relapse.
Monocytic and granulocytic differentiation.
A characteristically abnormal eosinophil component with immature purple-violet eosinophil granules that may obscure cell morphology if present in great numbers.
Auer rods in myeloblasts.
Decreased neutrophils in bone marrow.
Most cases with this genetic abnormality have been identified as AMML Eo, but occasional cases have been reported to lack eosinophilia. As is found in rare cases of AML with t(8; 21), the bone marrow blast percentage in this AML is occasionally less than 20%.
Both inv(16)(p13; q22) and t(16; 16)(p13; q22) result in the fusion of the CBF-beta (CBFβ) gene at 16q22 to the smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (MYH11) gene at 16p13, thereby forming the fusion gene CBFβ/MYH11.[15] The use of FISH and RT–PCR methods may be necessary to document this fusion gene because its presence cannot be reliably documented by traditional cytogenetics banding techniques.[24] Patients with this type of AML may achieve higher CR rates when treated with high-dose cytarabine in the postremission phase.[17,18,20]
APL [AML with t(15; 17)(q22; q12); (PML/RARA) and variants] (FAB Classification M3)
APL AML with t(15; 17)(q22; q12) is an AML in which promyelocytes predominate. APL exists as two types, hypergranular or typical APL and microgranular (hypogranular) APL. APL comprises 5% to 8% of cases of AML and occurs predominately in adults in midlife.[14] Both typical and microgranular APL are commonly associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).[25,26] In microgranular APL, unlike typical APL, the leukocyte count is very high with a rapid doubling time.[14]
Common morphologic features of typical APL include the following:
Kidney-shaped or bilobed nuclei.
Cytoplasm densely packed with large granules (bright pink, red, or purple in Romanowsky stains).
Bundles of Auer rods within the cytoplasm (faggot cells).
Larger Auer rods than in other types of AML.
Strongly positive myeloperoxidase (MPO) reaction in all leukemic promyelocytes.
Only occasional leukemic promyelocytes in the blood.
Common morphologic features of microgranular APL include the following:
Bilobed nuclear shape.
Apparent scarce or absent granules (submicroscopic azurophilic granules).
Small number of abnormal promyelocytes with visible granules and/or bundles of Auer rods (faggot cells).
High leukocyte count in the peripheral blood.
Strongly positive MPO reaction in all leukemic promyelocytes.
In APL, the RARA gene on 17q12 fuses with a nuclear regulatory factor on 15q22 (promyelocytic leukemia or PML gene) resulting in a PML/RARA gene fusion transcript.[15,27,28] Rare cases of cryptic or masked t(15;17) lack typical cytogenetic findings and involve complex variant translocations or submicroscopic insertion of the RARA gene into PML gene leading to the expression of the PML/RARA fusion transcript.[14] FISH and/or RT–PCR methods may be required to unmask these cryptic genetic rearrangements.[29,30]
APL has a specific sensitivity to treatment with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA, tretinoin), which acts as a differentiating agent.[31,32,33] High CR rates in APL may be obtained by combining ATRA treatment with chemotherapy.[34] In approximately 1% of the cases of APL, variant chromosomal aberrations may be found in which the RARA gene is fused with other genes.[35] Variant translocations involving the RARA gene include: t(11;17)(q23; q21), t(5;17)(q32; q12), and t(11; 17)(q13; q21).[14]
AML with 11q23 (MLL) abnormalities
AML with 11q23 abnormalities comprises 5% to 6% of cases of AML and is typically associated with monocytic features. This AML is more common in children. Two clinical subgroups of patients have a high frequency of AML with 11q23 abnormalities: AML in infants and therapy-related AML, usually occurring after treatment with DNA topoisomerase inhibitors. Patients may present with DIC and extramedullary monocytic sarcomas and/or tissue infiltration (gingiva, skin).[14]
Common morphologic features of this AML include the following:
Monoblasts and promonocytes predominate in the bone marrow.
Monoblasts and promonocytes with strong, positive nonspecific-esterase reactions.
11q23 abnormalities are associated frequently with acute myelomonocytic, monoblastic, and monocytic leukemias (FAB classifications M4, M5a and M5b, respectively) and occasionally with AML with and without maturation (FAB classifications M2 and M1, respectively).[14]
The MLL gene on 11q23, a developmental regulator, is involved in translocations with approximately 22 different partner chromosomes.[14,15] Genes other than MLL may be involved in 11q23 abnormalities.[36] FISH may be required to detect genetic abnormalities involving MLL.[36,37,38] In general, risk categories and prognoses for individual 11q23 translocations are difficult to determine because of the lack of studies involving significant numbers of patients; however, patients with t(11; 19)(q23; p13.1) are reported to have poor outcomes.[18]
AML With Mutations of FLT3, NPM1, or CMBPA
Activating mutations of FLT3 (FMS-like tyrosine kinase-3), present at diagnosis in 20% to 30% of de novo AML, represent the most frequent molecular abnormality in this disease.[39,40] The most common type of mutation (23%) is an internal tandem duplication mutation (FLT3/internal tandem duplication [ITD]) localized to the juxtamembrane region of the receptor, while point mutations in the kinase domain are less common (7%). Common clinical features of patients with FLT3/ITD AML are:
Normal cytogenetics.
Leukocytosis.
Monocytic differentiation.
Patients with FLT3/ITD mutations, and possibly those with FLT3 point mutations, are consistently reported to have an increased relapse rate and reduced overall survival (OS).[41,42] The CR rate for patients with FLT3-mutant AML is generally reported to be no different than that for patients with AML with nonmutant FLT3, but most studies examining this clinical parameter used results from patients treated with intensive chemotherapy regimens, and some data are available to suggest that the conventional 7+3 regimen leads to a reduced remission rate in this group of patients.[43][Level of evidence: 3iiiDiv]
One study from the German-Austrian Acute Myeloid Leukemia Study Group examined data on 872 patients with cytogenetically normal AML treated with intensive induction and postremission regimens over an 11-year period.[44][Level of evidence: 3iiiA] The study group found that patients with a mutant cytosine-cytosine-adenosine-adenosine-thymidine (CCAAT)-enhancer binding-protein alpha (CEBPA) or NPM1 without fms-related tyrosine kinase 3-internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD) had higher complete response rates, disease-free survival (DFS) rates, and OS rates (with a 4-year OS rate of 62% and 60%, respectively) than other cytogenetically normal AML patients (who had a 4-year OS rate of between 25% and 30%). As yet, no clear strategy exists for improving patient outcome in FLT3-mutant AML, or in patients with abnormalities other than CEBPA or the NPM1 without the FLT3-ITD, but small molecule FLT3 inhibitors are in development, and the role of allogeneic transplant is being considered.
AML With Multilineage Dysplasia
In the WHO classification, refractory anemia with excess blasts in transformation (RAEB-t) is no longer considered a distinct clinical entity and is instead included within the broader category "AML with multilineage dysplasia" as one of the following:
AML evolving from an MDS.
AML following an MDS.
AML with multilineage dysplasia is characterized by 20% or more blasts in the blood or bone marrow and dysplasia in two or more myeloid cell lines, generally including megakaryocytes.[4] To make the diagnosis, dysplasia must be present in 50% or more of the cells of at least two lineages and must be present in a pretreatment bone marrow specimen.[4,45] AML with multilineage dysplasia may occur de novo or following MDS or a myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative disorder (MDS and MPD). (Refer to the PDQ summaries on Myelodysplastic Syndromes Treatment and Myelodysplastic/ Myeloproliferative Neoplasms Treatment for more information.) The diagnostic terminology "AML with multilineage dysplasia evolving from a myelodysplastic syndrome" should be used when an MDS precedes AML.[4]
This category of AML occurs primarily in older patients.[4,46] Patients with this type of AML frequently present with severe pancytopenia.
Multilineage dysplasia in the blood or bone marrow.
Dysplasia in 50% or more of the cells of two or more cell lines.
Dysgranulopoiesis (neutrophils with hypogranular cytoplasm, hyposegmented nuclei or bizarrely segmented nuclei).
Dyserythropoiesis (megaloblastic nuclei, karyorrhexis, or multinucleation of erythroid precursors and ringed sideroblasts).
Dysmegakaryopoiesis (micromegakaryocytes and normal size or large megakaryocytes with monolobed or multiple separated nuclei).
The differential diagnosis of AML with multilineage dysplasia includes acute erythroid-myeloid leukemia and acute myeloblastic leukemia with maturation (FAB classifications M6a and M2). Some cases may overlap two morphologic types.[4]
As evidenced in several Southwest Oncology Group studies, such as SWOG-8600 and NCT00023777, the numerous chromosome abnormalities observed in AML with multilineage dysplasia were similar to those found in MDS and frequently involved gain or loss of major segments of certain chromosomes, predominately chromosomes 5 and/or 7.[46,47,48,49] The probability of achieving a CR has been reported to be affected adversely by a diagnosis of AML with multilineage dysplasia.[46,47,48]
AML and Myelodysplastic Syndromes, Therapy Related
This category includes AML and MDS that arise secondary to cytotoxic chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy.[50] The therapy-related (or secondary) MDS are included because of their close clinicopathologic relationships to therapy-related AML. Although these therapy-related disorders are distinguished by the specific mutagenic agents involved, a recent study suggests this distinction may be difficult to make because of the frequent overlapping use of multiple potentially mutagenic agents in treating cancer.[51]
Alkylating agent-related AML and MDS
The alkylating agent/radiation-related acute leukemias and myelodysplastic syndromes typically occur 5 to 6 years following exposure to the mutagenic agent, with a reported range of approximately 10 to 192 months.[50,52] The risk for occurrence is related to both the total cumulative dose of the alkylating agent and the age of the patient. Clinically, the disorder commonly presents initially as an MDS with evidence of bone marrow failure. This stage is followed by dysplastic features in multiple cell lineages with a blast percentage that is usually less than 5%. In the MDS phase, approximately 66% of cases satisfy the criteria for refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia (RCMD), with approximately 33% of these cases exhibiting ringed sideroblasts in excess of 15% (RCMD-RS).[50] (Refer to the PDQ summary on Myelodysplastic Syndromes Treatment for more information.) Another 25% of cases satisfy the criteria for refractory anemia with excess blasts 1 or 2 (RAEB-1; RAEB-2). The MDS phase may evolve to a higher grade MDS or AML. Although a minority of patients may present with acute leukemia, a substantial number of patients succumb to the disorder in the MDS phase.[50]
Panmyelosis.
Dysgranulopoiesis.
Dyserythropoiesis.
Ringed sideroblasts (60% of cases; >15% in 33% of cases).
Hypercellular bone marrow (50% of cases).
Cases may correspond morphologically to AML with maturation, acute monocytic leukemia, AMML, erythroleukemia, or acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (FAB classifications M2, M5b, M4, M6a, and M7, respectively).
Cytogenetic abnormalities have been observed in more than 90% of cases of therapy-related AML or MDS and commonly include chromosomes 5 and/or 7.[50,53,54] Complex chromosomal abnormalities (≥3 distinct abnormalities) are the most common finding.[51,53,54,55] Therapy-related AML is usually refractory to antileukemia therapy. Median survival after diagnosis of these disorders is approximately 7 to 8 months.[51,53]
Topoisomerase II inhibitor-related AML
This type of AML occurs in patients treated with topoisomerase II inhibitors. The agents implicated are the epipodophyllotoxins etoposide and teniposide and the anthracyclines doxorubicin and 4-epi-doxorubicin.[50] The mean latency period from the time of institution of the causative therapy to the development of AML is approximately 2 years.[56] Morphologically, there is a significant monocytic component. Most cases are categorized as acute monoblastic or myelomonocytic leukemia. Other morphologies reported include APL, myelodysplastic syndromes, and acute megakaryoblastic leukemia.[50]
As with alkylating agent/radiation-related acute leukemias and myelodysplastic syndromes, the cytogenetic abnormalities are often complex.[51,53,54,55] The predominant cytogenetic finding involves chromosome 11q23 and the MLL gene.[51,57] Current data are insufficient to predict survival times.
AML Not Otherwise Categorized
Cases of AML that do not fulfill the criteria for AML with recurrent genetic abnormalities, AML with multilineage dysplasia, or AML and MDS, therapy-related, fall within this category. Classification within this category is based on leukemic cell features of morphology, cytochemistry, and maturation.[58]
Acute myeloblastic leukemia, minimally differentiated (FAB Classification M0)
This AML shows no evidence of myeloid differentiation by morphology and light microscopy cytochemistry.[59] The myeloid nature of the blasts is demonstrated by immunophenotyping and/or ultrastructural studies.[58] Immunophenotyping studies must be performed to distinguish this acute leukemia from acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).[58] AML, minimally differentiated, comprise approximately 5% of cases of AML. Patients with this AML typically present with evidence of marrow failure, thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia.[59]
Morphologic and cytochemical features include the following:
Medium-sized blasts with dispersed nuclear chromatin.
Agranular cytoplasm.
Occasionally small blasts that resemble lymphoblasts.
Cytochemistry negative for myeloperoxidase (MPO), Sudan Black B (SBB), and naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase (NASDCE) (<3% positive blasts).
Cytochemistry negative for alpha naphthyl acetate and butyrate esterases.
Markedly hypercellular marrow.
Immunophenotyping reveals blast cells that express one or more panmyeloid antigens (CD13, CD33, and CD117) and are negative for B and T lymphoid-restricted antigens. Most cases express primitive hematopoietic-associated antigens (CD34, CD38, and HLA-DR). The differential diagnosis includes ALL, acute megakaryoblastic leukemia, biphenotypic/mixed lineage acute leukemia, and, rarely, the leukemic phase of large cell lymphoma. Immunophenotyping studies are required to distinguish these disorders.[58]
Although no specific chromosomal abnormalities have been found in AML, minimally differentiated point mutations of the AML1 gene have been observed in approximately 25% of cases. This mutation appears to correlate clinically with a higher white blood cell count and greater marrow blast involvement.[58,60] Mutation of FLT3, a receptor tyrosine kinase gene, occurs in approximately 25% of cases and has been associated with short survival.[41,60] The median OS is approximately 10 months.[61]
Acute myeloblastic leukemia without maturation (FAB Classification M1)
AML without maturation is characterized by a high percentage of bone marrow blasts with little evidence of maturation to mature neutrophils and comprises approximately 10% of cases of AML.[58] Most patients are adults. Patients usually present with anemia, thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia. (Refer to the PDQ summary on Fatigue for more information on anemia.)
Common morphologic and cytochemical features include the following:
Myeloblasts of 90% or more of the nonerythroid cells in the bone marrow.
Myeloblasts that may have azurophilic granules and/or Auer rods.
Myeloblasts that resemble lymphoblasts.
MPO and SBB positivity in blasts of 3% or more.
Typically markedly hypercellular marrow.
Immunophenotyping reveals blasts that express at least two myelomonocytic antigens (CD13, CD33, CD117) and/or MPO. CD34 is often positive. The differential diagnosis includes ALL in cases of AML without maturation with no granules and a low percentage of MPO positive blasts, and AML with maturation in cases of AML with maturation with a high percentage of blasts.
Although no specific chromosomal abnormality has been identified for AML without maturation, mutation of the FLT3 gene has been associated with leukocytosis, a high percentage of bone marrow blast cells, and a worse prognosis.[41,58,62]
Acute myeloblastic leukemia with maturation (FAB Classification M2)
AML with maturation is characterized by 20% or more myeloblasts in the blood or bone marrow and 10% or more neutrophils at different stages of maturation. Monocytes constitute less than 20% of bone marrow cells.[58] This AML comprises approximately 30% to 45% of cases of AML. While it occurs in all age groups, 20% of patients are younger than 25 years and 40% of patients are aged 60 years or older.[58] Patients frequently present with anemia, thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia. (Refer to the PDQ summary on Fatigue for more information on anemia.)
Morphologic features include the following:
Myeloblasts with and without azurophilic granules.
Auer rods.
Promyelocytes, myelocytes, and neutrophils 10% or more of the bone marrow cells.
Abnormal nuclear segmentation in neutrophils.
Increased eosinophil precursors (frequently).
Hypercellular marrow (usually).
Blasts and maturing neutrophils reactive with antibodies to MPO and lysozyme.
With immunophenotyping, the blasts typically express one or more myeloid-associated antigens (CD13, CD33, and CD15). The differential diagnosis includes: RAEB in cases with a low blast percentage, AML without maturation when the blast percentage is high, and AMML in cases with increased monocytes.
Approximately 33% of karyotypically abnormal cases of AML with maturation are associated with t(8; 21)(q22;q22). (Refer to the Acute myeloid leukemia with characteristic genetic abnormalities section of the Classification section of this summary for more information.)[15] Such cases have a favorable prognosis. Rare cases with t(6; 9)(q23; q34) are reported to have a poor prognosis.[58,63]
Acute promyelocytic leukemia [AML with t(15; 17)(q22; q12); (PML/RARA) and variants] (FAB Classification M3)
(Refer to the Acute promyelocytic leukemia [FAB Classification M3] section of the Acute Myeloid Leukemia With Characteristic Genetic Abnormalities section of this summary for more information.)
Acute myelomonocytic leukemia (FAB Classification M4)
Acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AMML) is characterized by the proliferation of neutrophil and monocyte precursors. Patients usually present with anemia and thrombocytopenia. (Refer to the PDQ summary on Fatigue for more information on anemia.) This classification of AML comprises approximately 15% to 25% of cases of AML, and some patients have a previous history of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML). (Refer to the PDQ summary on Myelodysplastic/ Myeloproliferative Neoplasms Treatment for more information.) This type of AML occurs more commonly in older individuals.[58]
20% or more blasts in the bone marrow.
20% or more neutrophils, monocytes, and their precursors in the bone marrow (to distinguish AMML from AML with or without maturation and to increase monocytes).
5 x 109 /L or more monocytes in the blood.
Large monoblasts with round nuclei, abundant cytoplasm, and prominent nucleoli.
MPO positivity in at least 3% of blasts.
Monoblasts, promonocytes, and monocytes typically nonspecific esterase (NSE)-positive.
Immunophenotyping generally reveals monocytic differentiation markers (CD14, CD4, CD11b, CD11c, CD64, and CD36) and lysozyme. The differential diagnosis includes AML with maturation and acute monocytic leukemia.
Most cases of AMML exhibit nonspecific cytogenetic abnormalities.[58] Some cases may have a 11q23 genetic abnormality. Cases with increased abnormal eosinophils in the bone marrow associated with a chromosome 16 abnormality have a favorable prognosis. (Refer to the Acute myeloid leukemia with characteristic genetic abnormalities section of the Classification section of this summary for more information.)
Acute monoblastic leukemia and acute monocytic leukemia (FAB classifications M5a and M5b)
Acute monoblastic and acute monocytic leukemia are AMLs in which 80% or more of the leukemic cells are of a monocytic lineage. These cells include monoblasts, promonocytes, and monocytes. These two leukemias are distinguished by the relative proportions of monoblasts and promonocytes. In acute monoblastic leukemia, most monocytic cells are monoblasts (usually ≥80%). In acute monocytic leukemia, most of the monocytic cells are promonocytes.[58] Acute monoblastic leukemia comprises 5% to 8% of cases of AML and occurs most commonly in young individuals. Acute monocytic leukemia comprises 3% to 6% of cases and is more common in adults.[64] Common clinical features for both acute leukemias include bleeding disorders, extramedullary masses, cutaneous and gingival infiltration, and central nervous system involvement.
Morphologic and cytochemical features of acute monoblastic leukemia include the following:
Large basophilic monoblasts with abundant cytoplasm, pseudopod formation, round nuclei, and one or more prominent nucleoli.
Rare Auer rods.
Typically intensely NSE-positive and MPO-negative.
Hypercellular marrow with large numbers of monoblasts.
Lysozyme positive.
Morphologic and cytochemical features of acute monocytic leukemia include the following:
Promonocytes with an irregular nuclear configuration with a moderately basophilic cytoplasm and cytoplasmic azurophilic granules.
Typically intensely NSE-positive.
Occasional MPO positivity.
Lysozyme-positive.
Hemophagocytosis (erythrophagocytosis).
The extramedullary lesions of these leukemias may be predominantly monoblastic or monocytic or an admixture of the two cell types. Immunophenotyping of these leukemias may reveal expression of the myeloid antigens CD13, CD33, CD117, CD14 ( + ), CD4, CD36, CD 11b, CD11c, CD64, and CD68.[58] The differential diagnosis of acute monoblastic leukemia includes AML without maturation, minimally differentiated AML, and acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. The differential diagnosis of acute monocytic leukemia includes AMML and microgranular APL.
An abnormal karyotype has been observed in approximately 75% of cases of acute monoblastic leukemia while approximately 30% of cases of acute monocytic leukemia are associated with an abnormal karyotype. Almost 30% of cases of acute monoblastic leukemia and 12% of cases of acute monocytic leukemia are associated with 11q23 genetic abnormalities involving the MLL gene. (Refer to the Acute myeloid leukemia with characteristic genetic abnormalities section of the Classification section of this summary for more information.) Mutation of FLT3, a receptor tyrosine kinase gene, has been observed in about 30% of cases of acute monocytic leukemia (approximately 7% in acute monoblastic leukemia).[65] The translocation t(8;16)(p11; p13) (strongly associated with acute monocytic leukemia, hemophagocytosis by leukemic cells, and a poor response to chemotherapy) fuses the MOZ gene (8p11) with the CBP gene (16p13).[66] Median actuarial DFS for acute monocytic leukemia has been reported to be approximately 21 months.[67]
Acute erythroid leukemias (FAB classifications M6a and M6b)
The two subtypes of the acute erythroid leukemias, erythroleukemia and pure erythroid leukemia, are characterized by a predominant erythroid population and, in the case of erythroleukemia, the presence of a significant myeloid component. Erythroleukemia (erythroid/myeloid; M6a) is predominantly a disease of adults, comprising approximately 5% to 6% of cases of AML.[64] Pure erythroid leukemia (M6b) is rare and occurs in all age groups. Occasional cases of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) may evolve to one of the acute erythroid leukemias.[58] Erythroleukemia may present de novo or evolve from an MDS, either RAEB or RCMD-RS or RCMD. (Refer to the PDQ summary on Myelodysplastic Syndromes Treatment for more information.) The clinical features of these acute leukemias include profound anemia and normoblastemia. (Refer to the PDQ summary on Fatigue for more information.)
Morphologic and cytochemical features of erythroleukemia include the following:[58]
50% or more erythroid precursors in the entire nucleated cell population of the bone marrow.
20% or more myeloblasts in the nonerythroid population in the bone marrow.
Dysplastic erythroid precursors with megaloblastoid nuclei.
Multinucleated erythroid cells.
Myeloblasts of medium size, occasionally with Auer rods.
Ringed sideroblasts.
Positive PAS stain in the erythroid precursors.
Hypercellular bone marrow.
Megakaryocytic dysplasia.
Morphologic and cytochemical features of pure erythroid leukemia include the following:
Medium- to large-sized erythroblasts with round nuclei, fine chromatin, one or more nucleoli, deeply basophilic cytoplasm, and occasional coalescent vacuoles.
Erythroblasts reactive with alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase.
Acid phosphatase.
Immunophenotyping in erythroleukemia reveals erythroblasts that react with antibodies to glycophorin A and hemoglobin A and myeloblasts that express a variety of myeloid-associated antigens (CD13, CD33, CD117, c-kit, and MPO). Immunophenotyping in acute erythroid leukemia reveals expression of glycophorin A and hemoglobin A in differentiated forms. Markers such as carbonic anhydrase 1, Gero antibody against the Gerbich blood group, or CD36 are usually positive. The differential diagnosis for erythroleukemia includes RAEB and AML with maturation with increased erythroid precursors and AML with multilineage dysplasia (involving ≥50% of myeloid or megakaryocyte-lineage cells). If erythroid precursors are 50% or more and the nonerythroid component is 20% or more, the diagnosis is erythroleukemia, whereas, if the nonerythroid component is less than 20%, the diagnosis is RAEB. The differential diagnosis for pure erythroid leukemia includes megaloblastic anemia secondary to vitamin B12 or folate deficiency, acute megakaryocytic leukemia, and ALL or lymphoma.[58]
No specific chromosome abnormalities are described for these AMLs. Complex karyotypes with multiple structural abnormalities are common. Chromosomes 5 and 7 appear to be affected frequently.[58,68,69] One study indicates that abnormalities of chromosomes 5 and/or 7 correlate with significantly shorter survival times.[70]
Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (FAB Classification M7)
Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia, in which 50% or more of blasts are of the megakaryocyte lineage, occurs in all age groups and comprises approximately 3% to 5% of cases of AML.[58] Clinical features include cytopenias; dysplastic changes in neutrophils and platelets; rare organomegaly, except in children with t(1; 22); lytic bone lesions in children; and association with mediastinal germ cell tumors in young adult males.[58,71,72]
Morphologic and cytochemical features include the following:[58,71,73]
Medium- to large-sized megakaryoblasts with round or indented nucleus and one or more nucleoli.
Agranular, basophilic cytoplasm with pseudopod formation.
Lymphoblast-like morphology (high nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio) in some cases.
Circulating micromegakaryocytes, megakaryoblastic fragments, dysplastic large platelets, and hypogranular neutrophils.
Stromal pattern of marrow infiltration mimicking a metastatic tumor in infants.
Negative stains for SBB and MPO.
Blasts reactive with PAS, acid phosphatase, and nonspecific esterase.
Immunophenotyping reveals megakaryoblast expression of one or more platelet glycoproteins: CD41 (glycoprotein IIb/IIIa) and/or CD61 (glycoprotein IIIa). Myeloid markers CD13 and CD33 may be positive; CD36 is typically positive. Blasts are negative with the anti-MPO antibody and other markers of myeloid differentiation. In bone marrow biopsies, megakaryocytes and megakaryoblasts may react positively to antibodies for Factor VIII.[58] The differential diagnosis includes minimally differentiated AML, acute panmyelosis with myelofibrosis, ALL, pure erythroid leukemia, and blastic transformation of chronic myeloid leukemia or idiopathic myelofibrosis and metastatic tumors in the bone marrow (particularly in children). (Refer to the PDQ summary on Chronic Myeloproliferative Neoplasms Treatment for more information on chronic myeloid leukemia or idiopathic myelofibrosis).
No unique chromosomal abnormalities are associated with acute megakaryoblastic leukemia in adults.[58,74] In children, particularly infants, a distinct clinical presentation may be associated with t(1:22)(p13; q13).[71,73] The prognosis for this type of acute leukemia is poor.[75,76]
Variant: AML/transient myeloproliferative disorder in Down syndrome
Individuals with Down syndrome (trisomy 21) have an increased disposition to acute leukemia, primarily the myeloid type.[77,78] The primary subtype appears to be acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. In cases in which the leukemia remits spontaneously, the process is referred to as transient myeloproliferative disorder or transient leukemia. Clinical features include presentation in the neonatal period (10% of newborn infants with Down syndrome), marked leukocytosis, blast percentage in the blood greater than 30% to 50%, and extramedullary involvement.
Blasts with round to slightly irregular nuclei and a moderate amount of basophilic cytoplasm.
Coarse azurophilic granules in the cytoplasm that resemble basophil granules.
Promegakaryocytes and micromegakaryocytes.
MPO-negative and SBB-negative blasts.
Immunophenotyping reveals markers that are generally similar to those of other cases of childhood acute megakaryoblastic leukemia.
In addition to trisomy 21, some cases may show other clonal abnormalities, particularly trisomy 8.[78,79] Spontaneous remission occurs within 1 to 3 months in transient cases. Recurrence followed by a second spontaneous remission or persistent disease may occur. Treatment outcomes for pediatric patients with Down syndrome and persistent disease may be better than those for pediatric patients with acute leukemia in the absence of trisomy 21.[76]
Acute basophilic leukemia
Acute basophilic leukemia is an AML that exhibits a primary differentiation to basophils. This acute leukemia is relatively rare, comprising less than 1% of all cases of AML.[58] Clinical features include bone marrow failure, circulating blasts, cutaneous involvement, organomegaly, occasional osseous lytic lesions, and symptoms secondary to hyperhistaminemia.
Medium-sized blasts with a high nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio and an oval, round, or bilobed nucleus with one or more nucleoli.
Moderately basophilic cytoplasm containing a variable number of coarse basophilic granules.
Sparse numbers of mature basophils.
Dysplastic erythroid features.
Blasts with metachromatic positivity, with toluidine blue.
Blasts with acid phosphatase positivity.
Negative by light microscopy for SBB, MPO, and nonspecific esterase.
Immunophenotypically, the blasts express the myeloid markers CD13 and CD33 and the early hematopoietic markers CD34 and class-II HLA-DR. The differential diagnosis includes: blast crisis of CML, other AML subtypes with basophilia such as AML with maturation (M2) associated with abnormalities of 12p or t(6;9), acute eosinophilic leukemia, and, rarely, a subtype of ALL with prominent coarse granules.[58]
No consistent chromosome abnormality has been identified for acute basophilic leukemia.[58] Because of its rare incidence, little information regarding survival is available.
Acute panmyelosis with myelofibrosis
Acute panmyelosis with myelofibrosis (also known as acute myelofibrosis, acute myelosclerosis, and acute myelodysplasia with myelofibrosis) is an acute panmyeloid proliferation associated with fibrosis of the bone marrow. This disorder is very rare and occurs in all age groups.[58] The disorder may occur de novo or after treatment with alkylating-agent chemotherapy and/or radiation. (Refer to the Acute myeloid leukemias and myelodysplastic syndromes, therapy related section of this summary for more information). Clinical features include constitutional symptoms such as weakness and fatigue. (Refer to the PDQ summary on Fatigue for more information.)
Marked pancytopenia.
Anisocytosis.
Dysplastic changes in myeloid cells.
Hypercellular bone marrow (biopsy).
Variable degrees of hyperplasia of erythroid precursors, granulocytes, and megakaryocytes in the bone marrow.
Increased number of small- to large-sized megakaryocytes with dysplastic features in the bone marrow.
Marked increase in reticulin fibers in the bone marrow.
Immunophenotypically, blasts may express one or more myeloid-associated antigens (CD13, CD33, CD117, and MPO). Some cells may express erythroid or megakaryocytic antigens. The major differential diagnosis includes acute megakaryoblastic leukemia, acute leukemias with associated marrow fibrosis, metastatic tumor with a desmoplastic reaction, and chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis.[58] (Refer to the PDQ summary on Chronic Myeloproliferative Neoplasms Treatment for more information.)
No specific chromosomal abnormalities are associated with acute panmyelosis with myelofibrosis. This AML is reported to respond poorly to chemotherapy and to be associated with a short survival.[58]
Myeloid sarcoma
Myeloid sarcoma (also known as extramedullary myeloid tumor, granulocytic sarcoma, and chloroma) is a tumor mass that consists of myeloblasts or immature myeloid cells, occurring in an extramedullary site;[58] development in 2% to 8% of patients with AML has been reported.[80] Clinical features include occurrence common in subperiosteal bone structures of the skull, paranasal sinuses, sternum, ribs, vertebrae, and pelvis; lymph nodes, skin, mediastinum, small intestine, and the epidural space; and occurrence de novo or concomitant with AML or a myeloproliferative disorder.[58,80]
Granulocytic sarcoma composed of myeloblasts, neutrophils, and neutrophil precursors with three subtypes based on degree of maturation (i.e., blastic, immature, and differentiated).
Monoblastic sarcoma preceding or occurring simultaneously with acute monoblastic leukemia.
Tumors with trilineage hematopoiesis occurring with transformation of chronic myeloproliferative disorders.
Myeloblasts and neutrophils that are positive for MPO.
Neutrophils that are positive for naphthol ASD chloroacetate esterase.
Immunophenotyping with antibodies to MPO, lysozyme, and chloroacetate are critical to the diagnosis of these lesions.[58] The myeloblasts in granulocytic sarcomas express myeloid-associated antigens (CD13, CD33, CD117, and MPO). The monoblasts in monoblastic sarcomas express acute monoblastic leukemia antigens (CD14, CD116, and CD11c) and usually react with antibodies to lysozyme and CD68. The main differential diagnosis includes non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the lymphoblastic type, Burkitt lymphoma, large-cell lymphoma, and small, round-cell tumors, especially in children (e.g., neuroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, Ewing/primitive neuroectodermal tumors, and medulloblastoma).
No unique chromosomal abnormalities are associated with myeloid sarcoma.[58,80] AML with maturation and t(8; 21)(q22; q22) and AMML Eo with-in (16)(p13; q22) or t(16;16)(p13; q22) may be observed and monoblastic sarcoma may be associated with translocations involving 11q23.[58] The presence of myeloid sarcoma in patients with the otherwise good-risk t(8; 21) AML may be associated with a lower CR rate and decreased remission duration.[81] Myeloid sarcoma occurring in the setting of MDS or MPD is equivalent to blast transformation. In the case of AML, the prognosis is that of the underlying leukemia.[58] Although the initial presentation of myeloid sarcoma may appear to be isolated, several reports indicate that isolated myeloid sarcoma is a partial manifestation of a systemic disease and should be treated with intensive chemotherapy.[80,82,83]
Acute Leukemias of Ambiguous Lineage
Acute leukemias of ambiguous lineage (also known as acute leukemias of undetermined lineage, mixed phenotype acute leukemias, mixed lineage acute leukemias, and hybrid acute leukemias) are types of acute leukemia in which the morphologic, cytochemical, and immunophenotypic features of the blast population do not allow classification in myeloid or lymphoid categories; or the types have morphologic and/or immunophenotypic features of both myeloid and lymphoid cells or both B and T lineages (i.e., acute bilineal leukemia and acute biphenotypic leukemia).[84,85,86,87,88] These rare leukemias account for less than 4% of all cases of acute leukemia and occur in all age groups but are more frequent in adults.[84] Clinical features include symptoms and complications caused by cytopenias, i.e., fatigue, infections, and bleeding disorders. (Refer to the PDQ summary on Fatigue for more information.)
Morphologic and immunophenotypic features of these acute leukemias include the following:[84,85,87,88]
Undifferentiated acute leukemia in which the leukemic cells lack any differentiating characteristics and lack markers for a given lineage.
Bilineal acute leukemia in which a dual population of blasts exhibits morphologic features and markers of two distinct lineages, i.e., myeloid and lymphoid or B and T.
Biphenotypic acute leukemia in which the blasts exhibit the morphological features of only one lineage but express markers of more than one lineage.
The differential diagnosis includes myeloid antigen-positive ALL or lymphoid-positive AML (from which biphenotypic acute leukemia should be distinguished) and minimally differentiated AML (from which undifferentiated acute leukemia must be distinguished).
Cytogenetic abnormalities are observed in a high percentage of bilineal and biphenotypic leukemias.[85,86,89,90] Approximately 33% of cases have the Philadelphia chromosome, and some cases are associated with t(4; 11)(q21; q23) or other 11q23 abnormalities. In general, the prognosis appears to be unfavorable, particularly in adults; the occurrence of the translocation t(4; 11) or the Philadelphia chromosome are especially unfavorable prognostic indicators.[84,86,91]
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Stage Information for Adult AML
There is no clear-cut staging system for this disease.
Untreated
Untreated adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is defined as newly diagnosed leukemia with no previous treatment. The patient exhibits the following features: abnormal bone marrow with at least 20% blasts and signs and symptoms of the disease, usually accompanied by an abnormal white blood cell count and differential, an abnormal hematocrit/hemoglobin count, and an abnormal platelet count.
In Remission
AML in remission is defined as a normal peripheral blood cell count (absolute neutrophil count >1,000/mm3 and platelet count >100,000/mm3) [1] and normocellular marrow with less than 5% blasts in the marrow and no signs or symptoms of the disease. In addition, no signs or symptoms are evident of central nervous system leukemia or other extramedullary infiltration. Because the vast majority of AML patients meeting these criteria for remission have residual leukemia, modifications to the definition of complete remission have been suggested, including cytogenetic remission, in which a previously abnormal karyotype reverts to normal, and molecular remission, in which interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) or multiparameter flow cytometry are used to detect minimal residual disease. Immunophenotyping and interphase FISH have greater prognostic significance than the conventional criteria for remission.[2,3]
Cheson BD, Bennett JM, Kopecky KJ, et al.: Revised recommendations of the International Working Group for Diagnosis, Standardization of Response Criteria, Treatment Outcomes, and Reporting Standards for Therapeutic Trials in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. J Clin Oncol 21 (24): 4642-9, 2003.
Bacher U, Kern W, Schoch C, et al.: Evaluation of complete disease remission in acute myeloid leukemia: a prospective study based on cytomorphology, interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization, and immunophenotyping during follow-up in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer 106 (4): 839-47, 2006.
Treatment Option Overview for AML
Successful treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) requires the control of bone marrow and systemic disease and specific treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disease, if present. The cornerstone of this strategy includes systemically administered combination chemotherapy. Because only 5% of patients with AML develop CNS disease, prophylactic treatment is not indicated.[1,2,3]
Treatment is divided into two phases: remission induction (to attain remission) and postremission (to maintain remission). Maintenance therapy for AML was previously administered for several years but is not included in most current treatment clinical trials in the United States, other than for acute promyelocytic leukemia. (Refer to the Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Remission section of this summary for more information.) Other studies have used more intensive postremission therapy administered for a shorter duration of time after which treatment is discontinued.[4] Postremission therapy appears to be effective when given immediately after remission is achieved.[4]
Since myelosuppression is an anticipated consequence of both the leukemia and its treatment with chemotherapy, patients must be closely monitored during therapy. Facilities must be available for hematologic support with multiple blood fractions including platelet transfusions and for the treatment of related infectious complications.[5] Randomized trials have shown similar outcomes for patients who received prophylactic platelet transfusions at a level of 10,000/mm3 rather than 20,000/mm3.[6] The incidence of platelet alloimmunization was similar among groups randomly assigned to receive pooled platelet concentrates from random donors; filtered, pooled platelet concentrates from random donors; ultraviolet B-irradiated, pooled platelet concentrates from random donors; or filtered platelets obtained by apheresis from single random donors.[7] Colony-stimulating factors, for example, granulocyte colony–stimulating factor (G-CSF) and granulocyte-macrophage colony–stimulating factor (GM-CSF), have been studied in an effort to shorten the period of granulocytopenia associated with leukemia treatment.[8] If used, these agents are administered after completion of induction therapy. GM-CSF was shown to improve survival in a randomized trial of AML in patients aged 55 to 70 years (median survival was 10.6 months vs. 4.8 months). In this Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) (EST-1490) trial, patients were randomly assigned to receive GM-CSF or placebo following demonstration of leukemic clearance of the bone marrow;[9] however, GM-CSF did not show benefit in a separate similar randomized trial in patients older than 60 years.[10] In the latter study, clearance of the marrow was not required before initiating cytokine therapy. In a Southwest Oncology Group (NCT00023777) randomized trial of G-CSF given following induction therapy to patients older than 65 years, complete response was higher in patients who received G-CSF because of a decreased incidence of primary leukemic resistance. Growth factor administration did not impact on mortality or on survival.[11,12] Because the majority of randomized clinical trials have not shown an impact of growth factors on survival, their use is not routinely recommended in the remission induction setting.
The administration of GM-CSF or other myeloid growth factors before and during induction therapy, to augment the effects of cytotoxic therapy through the recruitment of leukemic blasts into cell cycle (growth factor priming), has been an area of active clinical research. Evidence from randomized studies of GM-CSF priming have come to opposite conclusions. A randomized study of GM-CSF priming during conventional induction and postremission therapy showed no difference in outcomes between patients who received GM-CSF and those who did not receive growth factor priming.[13,14][Level of evidence: 1iiA] In contrast, a similar randomized placebo-controlled study of GM-CSF priming in patients with AML aged 55 to 75 years showed improved disease-free survival (DFS) in the group receiving GM-CSF (median DFS for patients who achieved complete remission was 23 months vs. 11 months; 2-year DFS was 48% vs. 21%), with a trend towards improvement in overall survival (2-year survival was 39% vs. 27%, P = .082) for patients aged 55 to 64 years.[15][Level of evidence: 1iiDii]
Kebriaei P, Champlin R, deLima M, et al.: Management of acute leukemias. In: DeVita VT Jr, Lawrence TS, Rosenberg SA: Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology. 9th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2011, pp 1928-54.
Wiernik PH: Diagnosis and treatment of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. In: Wiernik PH, Canellos GP, Dutcher JP, et al., eds.: Neoplastic Diseases of the Blood. 3rd ed. New York, NY: Churchill Livingstone, 1996, pp 283-302.
Morrison FS, Kopecky KJ, Head DR, et al.: Late intensification with POMP chemotherapy prolongs survival in acute myelogenous leukemia--results of a Southwest Oncology Group study of rubidazone versus adriamycin for remission induction, prophylactic intrathecal therapy, late intensification, and levamisole maintenance. Leukemia 6 (7): 708-14, 1992.
Cassileth PA, Lynch E, Hines JD, et al.: Varying intensity of postremission therapy in acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 79 (8): 1924-30, 1992.
Supportive Care. In: Wiernik PH, Canellos GP, Dutcher JP, et al., eds.: Neoplastic Diseases of the Blood. 3rd ed. New York, NY: Churchill Livingstone, 1996, pp 779-967.
Geller RB: Use of cytokines in the treatment of acute myelocytic leukemia: a critical review. J Clin Oncol 14 (4): 1371-82, 1996.
Rowe JM, Andersen JW, Mazza JJ, et al.: A randomized placebo-controlled phase III study of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in adult patients (> 55 to 70 years of age) with acute myelogenous leukemia: a study of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (E1490). Blood 86 (2): 457-62, 1995.
Stone RM, Berg DT, George SL, et al.: Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor after initial chemotherapy for elderly patients with primary acute myelogenous leukemia. Cancer and Leukemia Group B. N Engl J Med 332 (25): 1671-7, 1995.
Dombret H, Chastang C, Fenaux P, et al.: A controlled study of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in elderly patients after treatment for acute myelogenous leukemia. AML Cooperative Study Group. N Engl J Med 332 (25): 1678-83, 1995.
Godwin JE, Kopecky KJ, Head DR, et al.: A double-blind placebo-controlled trial of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in elderly patients with previously untreated acute myeloid leukemia: a Southwest oncology group study (9031). Blood 91 (10): 3607-15, 1998.
Buchner T, Hiddemann W, Wormann B, et al.: GM-CSF multiple course priming and long-term administration in newly diagnosed AML: hematologic and therapeutic effects. [Abstract] Blood 84 (10 Suppl 1): A-95, 27a, 1994.
Löwenberg B, Boogaerts MA, Daenen SM, et al.: Value of different modalities of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor applied during or after induction therapy of acute myeloid leukemia. J Clin Oncol 15 (12): 3496-506, 1997.
Witz F, Sadoun A, Perrin MC, et al.: A placebo-controlled study of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor administered during and after induction treatment for de novo acute myelogenous leukemia in elderly patients. Groupe Ouest Est Leucémies Aiguës Myéloblastiques (GOELAM). Blood 91 (8): 2722-30, 1998.
Untreated Adult AML
The two-drug regimen of cytarabine given in conjunction with daunorubicin (the so-called 7+3 induction therapy) will result in a complete response rate of approximately 65%. Some physicians opt to add a third drug, thioguanine, to this regimen, although little evidence is available to conclude that this three-drug regimen is better therapy. One study suggested that the addition of etoposide during induction therapy may improve response duration.[1] The choice of anthracycline and the dose-intensity of anthracycline may influence the survival of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Idarubicin appeared to be more effective than daunorubicin, particularly in younger adults, although the doses of idarubicin and daunorubicin may not have been equivalent.[2,3,4,5] No significant survival difference between daunorubicin and mitoxantrone has been reported.[6]
In patients aged 60 years and younger, outcomes for those receiving daunorubicin (90 mg/m2 /dose, total induction dosing at 270 mg/m2) were superior to those receiving more traditional dosing (45 mg/m2 /dose; total dose = 135 mg/m2). Complete remission (CR) rate was 71% versus 57% (P < .001), and median survival was 24 months versus 16 months (P = .003).[7] No randomized comparison data between daunorubicin at 270 mg/m2 and daunorubicin at 180 mg/m2, nor between daunorubicin at 270 mg/m2 and idarubicin, are available. However, two studies examined when idarubicin (36 mg/m2) versus daunorubicin (180 mg/m2 or 240 mg/m2) were administered to elderly patients. While overall survival (OS) was not impacted by the choice of anthracycline, the percentage of long-term disease-free survivors in a mixed-cure model did appear to be impacted (hazard ratio [HR], 0.8; 0.65–0.98).[8] The addition of the CD33-directed immunotoxin gemtuzumab ozogamicin to cytarabine plus anthracycline or clofarabine plus anthracycline in patients aged 51 to 79 years led to a small increase in median survival (25% vs. 20%; HR, 0.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.76–1.00; P = < .05).[9] In contrast, gemtuzumab did not improve the 1-year survival rate of elderly patients receiving low-dose cytarabine, although the CR rate increased from 17% to 30% (odds ratio [OR], 0.48 (0.32–0.73); P = .006).[10]
The role of high-dose cytarabine in induction therapy is controversial; randomized trials have shown prolongation of disease-free survival (DFS) [11,12] or no effect [13,14] compared with conventionally dosed cytarabine-based induction chemotherapy. Post hoc analyses of two negative trials suggested potential benefit for the intensified therapy in subsets of patients at high risk for treatment failure;[13,14] however, an analysis of a subset of patients with complex cytogenetic abnormalities treated in a randomized multicenter trial in Germany showed improvement in CR rate with minimal improvement in event-free survival (EFS) (CR, 56% vs. 23%; P = .04; median EFS, 1 month vs. 2 months; P = .04).[15][Level of evidence: 1iiDii]
AML arising from myelodysplasia or secondary to previous cytotoxic chemotherapy has a lower rate of remission than de novo AML. A retrospective analysis of patients undergoing allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in this setting showed that the long-term survival for such patients was identical regardless of whether or not patients had received remission induction therapy (DFS was approximately 20%). These data suggest that patients with these subsets of leukemia may be treated primarily with allogeneic BMT if their overall performance status is adequate, potentially sparing patients the added toxic effect of induction chemotherapy.[16][Level of evidence: 3iiiDii]
Older adults who decline intensive remission induction therapy or are considered unfit for intensive remission induction therapy may derive benefit from low-dose cytarabine, administered twice daily for 10 days in cycles repeated every 4 to 6 weeks. The CR rate using this regimen was 18% compared with 1% for patients treated with hydroxyurea (P = .006).[17] Survival with low-dose cytarabine was better than survival was with hydroxyurea (OR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.44–0.81; P = .009).[17][Level of evidence: 1iiA] The hypomethylating agents decitabine and azacitidine are used commonly in this population of older adults, particularly in the United States. Although approval of the drugs by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration is for a myelodysplastic syndrome indication, the registration studies leading to approval included patients with 20% to 30% myeloblasts, or what would now be considered oligoblastic AML.[18,19]
One phase III trial randomly assigned 485 AML patients older than 65 years to receive decitabine (n=242) or their preferred choice (n=243) of either supportive care (n=28) or low-dose cytarabine (n=215). Although rates of CR + CRp (CR with incomplete platelet recovery) were more than double in the decitabine arm (17.8%) compared with the treatment-choice arm (7.8%) (P = .001), median OS was not significantly improved for patients receiving decitabine (7.7 months) compared with the treatment of choice (5.0 months) (HR for death for decitabine, 0.85; 95% CI, .69–1.04; P = .11).[20]
Preliminary results from a phase III trial randomly assigned AML patients older than 65 years to azacitidine compared with conventional care regimens of best supportive care, low-dose cytarabine, and 7+3 AML-type induction chemotherapy and similarly showed a nonsignificant difference in median OS for patients receiving azacitidine (10.4 months) versus conventional care (6.5 months) (HR for death for azacitidine, 0.84; 95% CI, .69–1.02; (P = .08).[21]
In sum, low-dose cytarabine, decitabine, azacitidine, or best supportive care can be considered equivalently effective treatment approaches for older AML patients who decline traditional, 7+3 induction chemotherapy.
Supportive care during remission induction treatment should routinely include red blood cell and platelet transfusions when appropriate.[22,23] Empiric broad spectrum antimicrobial therapy is an absolute necessity for febrile patients who are profoundly neutropenic.[24,25] Careful instruction in personal hygiene, dental care, and recognition of early signs of infection are appropriate in all patients. Elaborate isolation facilities (including filtered air, sterile food, and gut flora sterilization) are not routinely indicated but may benefit transplant patients.[26,27] Rapid marrow ablation with consequent earlier marrow regeneration decreases morbidity and mortality. Prophylactic oral antibiotics may be appropriate in patients with expected prolonged, profound granulocytopenia (<100/mm3 for 2 weeks).[28] Norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin have been shown to decrease the incidence of gram-negative infection and time to first fever in randomized trials. The combination of ofloxacin and rifampin has proven superior to norfloxacin in decreasing the incidence of documented granulocytopenic infection.[29,30,31] Serial surveillance cultures may be helpful in such patients to detect the presence or acquisition of resistant organisms.
A long-term follow-up of 30 patients who had AML that was in remission for at least 10 years has demonstrated a 13% incidence of secondary malignancies. Of 31 long-term female survivors of AML or acute lymphoblastic leukemia younger than 40 years, 26 resumed normal menstruation following completion of therapy. Among 36 live offspring of survivors, two congenital problems occurred.[32]
Treatment options for remission-induction therapy
One of the following equivalent combination chemotherapy regimens:
Cytarabine plus daunorubicin.[33,34]
Cytarabine plus idarubicin.[2,3,4,5]
Cytarabine plus mitoxantrone.[35]
Dose-intensive cytarabine-based induction therapy.[11,12]
Cytarabine plus daunorubicin plus thioguanine.[36]
Treatment of central nervous system leukemia, if present:
Intrathecal cytarabine or methotrexate.
Clinical trials.
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia
Special consideration must be given to induction therapy for acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Oral administration of tretinoin (all-trans-retinoic acid [ATRA]); 45 mg/mm2 /day) can induce remission in 70% to 90% of patients with M3 AML. (ATRA is not effective in patients with AML that resembles M3 morphologically but does not demonstrate the t(15;17) or typical PML-RARA gene rearrangement.)[37,38,39,40,41,42,43] ATRA induces terminal differentiation of the leukemic cells followed by restoration of nonclonal hematopoiesis. Administration of ATRA leads to rapid resolution of coagulopathy in most patients, and heparin administration is not required in patients receiving ATRA. However, randomized trials have not shown a reduction in morbidity and mortality during ATRA induction when compared with chemotherapy. Administration of ATRA can lead to hyperleukocytosis and a syndrome of respiratory distress now known as the differentiation syndrome. Prompt recognition of the syndrome and aggressive administration of steroids can prevent severe respiratory distress.[44] The optimal management of ATRA-induced hyperleukocytosis has not been established; neither has the optimal postremission management of patients who receive ATRA induction. However, two large cooperative group trials have demonstrated a statistically significant relapse-free and OS advantage to patients with M3 AML who receive ATRA at some point during their antileukemic management.[45,46]
Studies performed in the 1990s demonstrated that OS rates improved in patients receiving ATRA in addition to chemotherapy.[47,48]
The C9710 (NCT00003934) trial randomly assigned patients receiving ATRA and anthracyclines to two cycles of consolidation with or without arsenic trioxide (ATO). Event-free survival (EFS), the primary endpoint, was significantly better for patients assigned to receive ATO consolidation, with an 80% EFS rate compared with a 63% EFS rate at 3 years (stratified log-rank test, P < .0001). The secondary endpoint, survival, was better in the ATO arm, with an 86% survival rate compared with an 81% survival rate at 3 years (P = .059) The inclusion of ATO led to outcomes for higher-risk patients that were equivalent to the outcomes for lower-risk patients.[49] A phase II study showed that incorporation of ATO in the primary management of APL patients could reduce the total amount of therapy administered.[50]
Investigators at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center used an ATO-based regimen, which included gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO) as the only cytotoxic drug.[51] Patients received ATRA plus ATO induction; patients also received a dose of GO if the WBC was greater than 10,000/mm3 on presentation or rose to over 30,000/mm3 during induction. Patients in remission received alternating months of ATO and ATRA for a total of seven cycles; GO was substituted if either ATO or ATRA were discontinued as a result of toxicity. Eighty-two patients were treated; seven patients died during induction, the remainder achieved remission. Three patients relapsed and four patients died during remission; thus EFS was approximately 76%.
This approach was investigated in a randomized, noninferiority trial that compared ATO plus ATRA with an ATRA-anthracycline-based regimen in patients with lower-risk APL. With median follow-up of 34.4 months, 2-year EFS rates were 97% in the ATRA-ATO group and 86% in the ATRA-chemotherapy group (95% CI for the difference, 2%–22%). OS was also better with ATRA-ATO (P = .02).[52]
Most current regimens for the treatment of APL include some form of maintenance therapy, particularly for patients with higher-risk APL. A meta-analysis of randomized trials has indicated that maintenance clearly improves DFS but not OS; however, these studies did not include ATO-containing trials.
ATRA plus ATO.
ATRA plus anthracycline, followed by ATO-based consolidation therapy.
Bishop JF, Lowenthal RM, Joshua D, et al.: Etoposide in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. Australian Leukemia Study Group. Blood 75 (1): 27-32, 1990.
Wiernik PH, Banks PL, Case DC Jr, et al.: Cytarabine plus idarubicin or daunorubicin as induction and consolidation therapy for previously untreated adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 79 (2): 313-9, 1992.
Vogler WR, Velez-Garcia E, Weiner RS, et al.: A phase III trial comparing idarubicin and daunorubicin in combination with cytarabine in acute myelogenous leukemia: a Southeastern Cancer Study Group Study. J Clin Oncol 10 (7): 1103-11, 1992.
Berman E, Heller G, Santorsa J, et al.: Results of a randomized trial comparing idarubicin and cytosine arabinoside with daunorubicin and cytosine arabinoside in adult patients with newly diagnosed acute myelogenous leukemia. Blood 77 (8): 1666-74, 1991.
Mandelli F, Petti MC, Ardia A, et al.: A randomised clinical trial comparing idarubicin and cytarabine to daunorubicin and cytarabine in the treatment of acute non-lymphoid leukaemia. A multicentric study from the Italian Co-operative Group GIMEMA. Eur J Cancer 27 (6): 750-5, 1991.
Arlin Z, Case DC Jr, Moore J, et al.: Randomized multicenter trial of cytosine arabinoside with mitoxantrone or daunorubicin in previously untreated adult patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL). Lederle Cooperative Group. Leukemia 4 (3): 177-83, 1990.
Fernandez HF, Sun Z, Yao X, et al.: Anthracycline dose intensification in acute myeloid leukemia. N Engl J Med 361 (13): 1249-59, 2009.
Gardin C, Chevret S, Pautas C, et al.: Superior long-term outcome with idarubicin compared with high-dose daunorubicin in patients with acute myeloid leukemia age 50 years and older. J Clin Oncol 31 (3): 321-7, 2013.
Burnett AK, Russell NH, Hills RK, et al.: Addition of gemtuzumab ozogamicin to induction chemotherapy improves survival in older patients with acute myeloid leukemia. J Clin Oncol 30 (32): 3924-31, 2012.
Burnett AK, Hills RK, Hunter AE, et al.: The addition of gemtuzumab ozogamicin to low-dose Ara-C improves remission rate but does not significantly prolong survival in older patients with acute myeloid leukaemia: results from the LRF AML14 and NCRI AML16 pick-a-winner comparison. Leukemia 27 (1): 75-81, 2013.
Bishop JF, Matthews JP, Young GA, et al.: A randomized study of high-dose cytarabine in induction in acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 87 (5): 1710-7, 1996.
Geller RB, Burke PJ, Karp JE, et al.: A two-step timed sequential treatment for acute myelocytic leukemia. Blood 74 (5): 1499-506, 1989.
Weick JK, Kopecky KJ, Appelbaum FR, et al.: A randomized investigation of high-dose versus standard-dose cytosine arabinoside with daunorubicin in patients with previously untreated acute myeloid leukemia: a Southwest Oncology Group study. Blood 88 (8): 2841-51, 1996.
Büchner T, Hiddemann W, Wörmann B, et al.: Double induction strategy for acute myeloid leukemia: the effect of high-dose cytarabine with mitoxantrone instead of standard-dose cytarabine with daunorubicin and 6-thioguanine: a randomized trial by the German AML Cooperative Group. Blood 93 (12): 4116-24, 1999.
Schoch C, Haferlach T, Haase D, et al.: Patients with de novo acute myeloid leukaemia and complex karyotype aberrations show a poor prognosis despite intensive treatment: a study of 90 patients. Br J Haematol 112 (1): 118-26, 2001.
Anderson JE, Gooley TA, Schoch G, et al.: Stem cell transplantation for secondary acute myeloid leukemia: evaluation of transplantation as initial therapy or following induction chemotherapy. Blood 89 (7): 2578-85, 1997.
Burnett AK, Milligan D, Prentice AG, et al.: A comparison of low-dose cytarabine and hydroxyurea with or without all-trans retinoic acid for acute myeloid leukemia and high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome in patients not considered fit for intensive treatment. Cancer 109 (6): 1114-24, 2007.
Silverman LR, Demakos EP, Peterson BL, et al.: Randomized controlled trial of azacitidine in patients with the myelodysplastic syndrome: a study of the cancer and leukemia group B. J Clin Oncol 20 (10): 2429-40, 2002.
Kantarjian H, O'brien S, Cortes J, et al.: Results of intensive chemotherapy in 998 patients age 65 years or older with acute myeloid leukemia or high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome: predictive prognostic models for outcome. Cancer 106 (5): 1090-8, 2006.
Kantarjian HM, Thomas XG, Dmoszynska A, et al.: Multicenter, randomized, open-label, phase III trial of decitabine versus patient choice, with physician advice, of either supportive care or low-dose cytarabine for the treatment of older patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia. J Clin Oncol 30 (21): 2670-7, 2012.
Itzykson R, Thépot S, Berthon C, et al.: Azacitidine for the treatment of relapsed and refractory AML in older patients. Leuk Res 39 (2): 124-30, 2015.
Karp JE, Merz WG, Hendricksen C, et al.: Oral norfloxacin for prevention of gram-negative bacterial infections in patients with acute leukemia and granulocytopenia. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 106 (1): 1-7, 1987.
Prevention of bacterial infection in neutropenic patients with hematologic malignancies. A randomized, multicenter trial comparing norfloxacin with ciprofloxacin. The GIMEMA Infection Program. Gruppo Italiano Malattie Ematologiche Maligne dell'Adulto. Ann Intern Med 115 (1): 7-12, 1991.
Bow EJ, Mandell LA, Louie TJ, et al.: Quinolone-based antibacterial chemoprophylaxis in neutropenic patients: effect of augmented gram-positive activity on infectious morbidity. National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group. Ann Intern Med 125 (3): 183-90, 1996.
Yates J, Glidewell O, Wiernik P, et al.: Cytosine arabinoside with daunorubicin or adriamycin for therapy of acute myelocytic leukemia: a CALGB study. Blood 60 (2): 454-62, 1982.
Dillman RO, Davis RB, Green MR, et al.: A comparative study of two different doses of cytarabine for acute myeloid leukemia: a phase III trial of Cancer and Leukemia Group B. Blood 78 (10): 2520-6, 1991.
Löwenberg B, Suciu S, Archimbaud E, et al.: Mitoxantrone versus daunorubicin in induction-consolidation chemotherapy--the value of low-dose cytarabine for maintenance of remission, and an assessment of prognostic factors in acute myeloid leukemia in the elderly: final report. European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer and the Dutch-Belgian Hemato-Oncology Cooperative Hovon Group. J Clin Oncol 16 (3): 872-81, 1998.
Gale RP, Foon KA, Cline MJ, et al.: Intensive chemotherapy for acute myelogenous leukemia. Ann Intern Med 94 (6): 753-7, 1981.
Huang ME, Ye YC, Chen SR, et al.: Use of all-trans retinoic acid in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia. Blood 72 (2): 567-72, 1988.
Warrell RP Jr, Frankel SR, Miller WH Jr, et al.: Differentiation therapy of acute promyelocytic leukemia with tretinoin (all-trans-retinoic acid). N Engl J Med 324 (20): 1385-93, 1991.
Chen ZX, Xue YQ, Zhang R, et al.: A clinical and experimental study on all-trans retinoic acid-treated acute promyelocytic leukemia patients. Blood 78 (6): 1413-9, 1991.
Muindi J, Frankel SR, Miller WH Jr, et al.: Continuous treatment with all-trans retinoic acid causes a progressive reduction in plasma drug concentrations: implications for relapse and retinoid "resistance" in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia. Blood 79 (2): 299-303, 1992.
Licht JD, Chomienne C, Goy A, et al.: Clinical and molecular characterization of a rare syndrome of acute promyelocytic leukemia associated with translocation (11;17). Blood 85 (4): 1083-94, 1995.
Gallagher RE, Li YP, Rao S, et al.: Characterization of acute promyelocytic leukemia cases with PML-RAR alpha break/fusion sites in PML exon 6: identification of a subgroup with decreased in vitro responsiveness to all-trans retinoic acid. Blood 86 (4): 1540-7, 1995.
Frankel SR, Eardley A, Lauwers G, et al.: The "retinoic acid syndrome" in acute promyelocytic leukemia. Ann Intern Med 117 (4): 292-6, 1992.
Fenaux P, Le Deley MC, Castaigne S, et al.: Effect of all transretinoic acid in newly diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukemia. Results of a multicenter randomized trial. European APL 91 Group. Blood 82 (11): 3241-9, 1993.
Tallman MS, Andersen J, Schiffer CA, et al.: Phase III randomized study of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) vs daunorubicin (D) and cytosine arabinoside (A) as induction therapy and ATRA vs observation as maintenance therapy for patients with previously untreated acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). [Abstract] Blood 86 (10 Suppl 1): A-488, 125a, 1995.
Adès L, Guerci A, Raffoux E, et al.: Very long-term outcome of acute promyelocytic leukemia after treatment with all-trans retinoic acid and chemotherapy: the European APL Group experience. Blood 115 (9): 1690-6, 2010.
Sanz MA, Montesinos P, Vellenga E, et al.: Risk-adapted treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia with all-trans retinoic acid and anthracycline monochemotherapy: long-term outcome of the LPA 99 multicenter study by the PETHEMA Group. Blood 112 (8): 3130-4, 2008.
Powell BL, Moser B, Stock W, et al.: Arsenic trioxide improves event-free and overall survival for adults with acute promyelocytic leukemia: North American Leukemia Intergroup Study C9710. Blood 116 (19): 3751-7, 2010.
Gore SD, Gojo I, Sekeres MA, et al.: Single cycle of arsenic trioxide-based consolidation chemotherapy spares anthracycline exposure in the primary management of acute promyelocytic leukemia. J Clin Oncol 28 (6): 1047-53, 2010.
Ravandi F, Estey E, Jones D, et al.: Effective treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia with all-trans-retinoic acid, arsenic trioxide, and gemtuzumab ozogamicin. J Clin Oncol 27 (4): 504-10, 2009.
Lo-Coco F, Avvisati G, Vignetti M, et al.: Retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide for acute promyelocytic leukemia. N Engl J Med 369 (2): 111-21, 2013.
Adult AML in Remission
Although individual patients have been reported to have long disease-free survival (DFS) or cure with a single cycle of chemotherapy,[1] postremission therapy is always indicated in therapy that is planned with curative intent. In a small randomized study conducted by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG), all patients who did not receive postremission therapy experienced a relapse after a short median complete remission (CR) duration.[2] Current approaches to postremission therapy include short-term, relatively intensive chemotherapy with cytarabine-based regimens similar to standard induction clinical trials (postremission chemotherapy), postremission chemotherapy with more dose-intensive cytarabine-based treatment, high-dose chemotherapy or chemoradiation therapy with autologous bone marrow rescue, and high-dose marrow-ablative therapy with allogeneic bone marrow rescue. While older studies have included longer-term therapy at lower doses (maintenance), no convincing evidence is available with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) that maintenance therapy provides prolonged DFS beyond shorter-term, more dose-intensive approaches, and few current treatment clinical trials include maintenance therapy.
Nontransplant postremission therapy using cytarabine-containing regimens has treatment-related death rates that are usually less than 10% to 20% and have yielded reported long-term DFS rates from 20% to 50%.[3,4,5,6] A large, randomized trial that compared three different cytarabine-containing postremission therapy regimens showed a clear benefit in survival to patients younger than 60 years who received high-dose cytarabine.[3] Intensification of cytarabine dose or duration of postremission chemotherapy with conventionally dosed cytarabine did not improve DFS or OS in patients aged 60 years or older, as evidenced in the Medical Research Council (MRC-LEUK-AML11) trial.[7,8] The duration of postremission therapy has ranged from one cycle [4,6] to four or more cycles.[3,5] The standard postremission therapy for AML patients in remission is high-dose cytarabine; however, there exists some controversy about whether it benefits all younger AML patients in first complete response versus selected subgroups, such as those with core-binding factor abnormalities.[9,10,11,12,13] The optimal doses, schedules, and duration of postremission chemotherapy have not been determined. Therefore, to address these issues, patients with AML should be included in clinical trials at institutions that treat large numbers of such patients.
Dose-intensive cytarabine-based chemotherapy can be complicated by severe neurologic [14] and/or pulmonary toxic effects [15] and should be administered by physicians experienced in these regimens at centers that are equipped to deal with potential complications. In a retrospective analysis of 256 patients who received high-dose bolus cytarabine at a single institution, the most powerful predictor of cytarabine neurotoxicity was renal insufficiency. The incidence of neurotoxicity was significantly greater in patients treated with twice daily doses of 3 g/m2 /dose when compared with 2 g/m2 /dose.
Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) results in the lowest incidence of leukemic relapse, even when compared with BMT from an identical twin (syngeneic BMT). This has led to the concept of an immunologic graft-versus-leukemia effect, similar to (and related to) graft-versus-host disease. The improvement in freedom from relapse using allogeneic BMT as the primary postremission therapy is offset, at least in part, by the increased morbidity and mortality caused by graft-versus-host disease, veno-occlusive disease of the liver, and interstitial pneumonitis. The DFS rates using allogeneic transplantation in first complete remission (CR) have ranged from 45% to 60%.[16,17,18] The use of allogeneic BMT as primary postremission therapy is limited by the need for a human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched sibling donor and the increased mortality from allogeneic BMT of patients who are older than 50 years. The mortality from allogeneic BMT that uses an HLA-matched sibling donor ranges from 20% to 40%, depending on the series. The use of matched, unrelated donors for allogeneic BMT is being evaluated at many centers but has a very substantial rate of treatment-related mortality, with DFS rates less than 35%.[19] Retrospective analysis of data from the International Bone Marrow Transplant Registry suggests that postremission chemotherapy does not lead to an improvement in DFS or OS for patients in first remission undergoing allogeneic BMT from an HLA-identical sibling.[20][Level of evidence: 3iiiA]
A common clinical trial design used to evaluate the benefit of allogeneic transplant as consolidation therapy for AML in first remission is the so-called donor-no donor comparison. In this design, newly diagnosed AML patients who achieve a CR have one or more siblings, and are deemed medically eligible for allogeneic transplant, undergo HLA typing. If a sibling donor is identified, the patient is allocated to the transplantation arm. Analysis of outcome is by intention to treat; that is, patients assigned to the donor arm who do not receive a transplant are grouped in the analysis with the patients who did actually receive a transplant. Relapse-free survival (RFS) is the usual endpoint for this type of trial. Overall survival (OS) from the time of diagnosis is less frequently reported in these trials. Results of these trials have been mixed, with some trials showing a clear benefit across all cytogenetic subgroups, and others showing no benefit.
Investigators attempted to address this issue with a meta-analysis using data from 18 separate prospective trials of AML patients using the donor-no donor design, with data from an additional six trials included for sensitivity analysis.[21] The trials included in this meta-analysis enrolled adult patients aged 60 and younger during the years 1982 to 2006. Median follow-up ranged from 42 months to 142 months. Preparative regimens were similar among the different trials. Allogeneic transplant was compared with autologous transplant (6 trials) or with a variety of consolidation chemotherapy regimens, with high-dose cytarabine being the most common.
Treatment-related mortality ranged from 5% to 42% in the donor groups compared with 3% to 27% in the no-donor group. Of 18 trials reporting RFS across all cytogenetic risk groups, the combined hazard ratio (HR) for overall RFS benefit with allogeneic transplant was 0.80, indicating a statistically significant reduction in death or relapse in a first CR. Of the 15 trials reporting OS across all cytogenetic risk groups, the combined HR for OS was 0.90, again indicating a statistically significant reduction in death or relapse in a first CR.
In subgroup analysis according to cytogenetic risk category, there was no RFS or OS benefit of allogeneic transplant for patients with good-risk AML (RFS: HR, 1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83–1.38; P = .59; OS: HR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.64–1.76; P = .81). However, a transplant benefit was seen for patients with intermediate (RFS: HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.74–0.93; P < .01; OS: HR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.71–0.99; P = .03) or poor-risk cytogenetics (RFS: HR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.59–0.90; P < .01; OS: HR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.40–0.90; P = .01). The conclusion from this meta-analysis was that allogeneic transplant from a sibling donor in a first CR is justified on the basis of improved RFS and OS for patients with intermediate- or poor-risk, but not good-risk, cytogenetics.[21][Level of evidence: 2A]
An important caveat to this analysis is that induction and postremission strategies for AML among studies included in the meta-analysis were not uniform; nor were definitions of cytogenetic risk groups uniform. This may have resulted in inferior survival rates among chemotherapy-only treated patients. Most U.S. leukemia physicians agree that transplantation should be offered to AML patients in first CR in the setting of poor-risk cytogenetics and should not be offered to patients in first CR with good-risk cytogenetics.
The use of matched, unrelated donors for allogeneic BMT is being evaluated at many centers but has a very substantial rate of treatment-related mortality, with DFS rates less than 35%.[19] Retrospective analysis of data from the International Bone Marrow Transplant Registry suggests that postremission chemotherapy does not lead to an improvement in DFS or OS for patients in first remission undergoing allogeneic BMT from an HLA-identical sibling.[20][Level of evidence: 3iiiA]
Autologous BMT yielded DFS rates between 35% and 50% in patients with AML in first remission. Autologous BMT has also cured a smaller proportion of patients in second remission.[22,23,24,25,26,27,28] Treatment-related mortality rates of patients who have had autologous peripheral blood or marrow transplantation range from 10% to 20%. Ongoing controversies include the optimum timing of autologous stem cell transplantation, whether it should be preceded by postremission chemotherapy, and the role of ex vivo treatment of the graft with chemotherapy, such as 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4-HC) [26] or mafosphamide,[27] or monoclonal antibodies, such as anti-CD33.[28] Purged marrows have demonstrated delayed hematopoietic recovery; however, most studies that use unpurged marrow grafts have included several cycles of postremission chemotherapy and may have included patients who were already cured of their leukemia.
In a prospective trial of patients with AML in first remission, City of Hope investigators treated patients with one course of high-dose cytarabine postremission therapy, followed by unpurged autologous BMT following preparative therapy of total-body radiation therapy, etoposide, and cyclophosphamide. In an intent-to-treat analysis, actuarial DFS was approximately 50%, which is comparable to other reports of high-dose postremission therapy or purged autologous transplantation.[29][Level of evidence: 3iiDii]
A randomized trial by ECOG and the Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) compared autologous BMT using 4-HC-purged bone marrow with high-dose cytarabine postremission therapy.[30] No difference in DFS was found between patients treated with high-dose cytarabine, autologous BMT, or allogeneic BMT; however, OS was superior for patients treated with cytarabine compared with those who received BMT.[30][Level of evidence: 1iiA]
A randomized trial has compared the use of autologous BMT in first CR with postremission chemotherapy, with the latter group eligible for autologous BMT in second CR. The two arms of the study had equivalent survival.[31] Two randomized trials in pediatric AML have shown no advantage of autologous transplantation following busulfan/cyclophosphamide preparative therapy and 4HC-purged graft when compared with postremission chemotherapy, including high-dose cytarabine.[32,33] An additional randomized Groupe Ouest Est d'etude des Leucemies et Autres Maladies du Sang trial (NCT01074086) of autologous BMT versus intensive postremission chemotherapy in adult AML, using unpurged bone marrow, showed no advantage to receiving autologous BMT in first remission.[34] Certain subsets of AML may specifically benefit from autologous BMT in first remission. In a retrospective analysis of 999 patients with de novo AML treated with allogeneic or autologous BMT in first remission in whom cytogenetic analysis at diagnosis was available, patients with poor-risk cytogenetics (abnormalities of chromosomes 5, 7, 11q, or hypodiploidy) had less favorable outcomes following allogeneic BMT than patients with normal karyotypes or other cytogenetic abnormalities. Leukemia-free survival for the patients in the poor-risk groups was approximately 20%.[35][Level of evidence: 3iiiDii]
An analysis of the SWOG/ECOG (E-3489) randomized trial of postremission therapy according to cytogenetic subgroups suggested that in patients with unfavorable cytogenetics, allogeneic BMT was associated with an improved relative risk of death, whereas in the favorable cytogenetics group, autologous transplantation was superior. These data were based on analysis of small subsets of patients and were not statistically significant.[36] While secondary myelodysplastic syndromes have been reported following autologous BMT, the development of new clonal cytogenetic abnormalities following autologous BMT does not necessarily portend the development of secondary myelodysplastic syndromes or AML.[37][Level of evidence: 3iiiDiv] Whenever possible, patients should be entered on clinical trials of postremission management.
Because BMT can cure about 30% of patients who experience relapse following chemotherapy, some investigators suggested that allogeneic BMT can be reserved for early first relapse or second CR without compromising the number of patients who are ultimately cured;[38] however, clinical and cytogenetic information can define certain subsets of patients with predictable better or worse prognoses in those using postremission chemotherapy.[39] Good-risk factors include t(8; 21), inv(16) associated with M4 AML with eosinophilia, normal karyotype with NPM1 mutation (in absence of flt-3 mutation), and normal karyotype with double cytosine-cytosine-adenosine-adenosine-thymidine (CCAAT)-enhancer binding protein (C/EBP)-alpha mutations. Poor-risk factors include deletion of 5q and 7q, trisomy 8, t(6; 9), t(9; 22), most translocations involving chromosome 11q23, and mutations of the MLL gene, a history of myelodysplasia or antecedent hematologic disorder, and normal karyotype with flt-3 mutation. Patients in the good-risk group have a reasonable chance of cure with intensive postremission therapy, and it may be reasonable to defer transplantation in that group until early first relapse. The poor-risk group is unlikely to be cured with postremission chemotherapy, and allogeneic BMT in first CR is a reasonable option for patients with an HLA-identical sibling donor. However, even with allogeneic stem cell transplantation, the outcome for patients with high-risk AML is poor (5-year DFS of 8% to 30% for patients with treatment-related leukemia or myelodysplasia).[40] The efficacy of autologous stem cell transplantation in the poor-risk group has not been reported to date but is the subject of active clinical trials. Patients with normal cytogenetics are in an intermediate-risk group, and postremission management should be individualized or, ideally, managed according to a clinical trial.
The rapid engraftment kinetics of peripheral blood progenitor cells demonstrated in trials of high-dose therapy for epithelial neoplasms has led to interest in the alternative use of autologous and allogeneic peripheral blood progenitor cells as rescue for myeloablative therapy for the treatment of AML. One pilot trial of the use of autologous transplantation with unpurged peripheral blood progenitor cells in first remission had a 3-year DFS rate of 35%; detailed prognostic factors for these patients were not provided.[24] This result appears inferior to the best results of chemotherapy or autologous BMT and suggests that the use of peripheral blood progenitor cells be limited to clinical trials.
Allogeneic stem cell transplantation can be performed using stem cells obtained from a bone marrow harvest or a peripheral blood progenitor cell harvest. In a randomized trial of 175 patients undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation, with either bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cells, for a variety of hematologic malignancies using methotrexate and cyclosporine to prevent graft-versus-host disease, the use of peripheral blood progenitor cells led to earlier engraftment (median neutrophil engraftment, 16 vs. 21 days; median platelet engraftment, 13 vs. 19 days).[41] The use of peripheral blood progenitor cells was associated with a trend toward increased graft-versus-host disease but comparable transplant-related death. The relapse rate at 2 years appeared lower in patients receiving peripheral blood progenitor cells (hazard ratio [HR], 0.49; 95% CI, 0.24–1.00); however, OS was not significantly increased (HR for death within 2 years, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.38–1.02).[41]
Vaughan WP, Karp JE, Burke PJ: Long chemotherapy-free remissions after single-cycle timed-sequential chemotherapy for acute myelocytic leukemia. Cancer 45 (5): 859-65, 1980.
Cassileth PA, Harrington DP, Hines JD, et al.: Maintenance chemotherapy prolongs remission duration in adult acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. J Clin Oncol 6 (4): 583-7, 1988.
Mayer RJ, Davis RB, Schiffer CA, et al.: Intensive postremission chemotherapy in adults with acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer and Leukemia Group B. N Engl J Med 331 (14): 896-903, 1994.
Champlin R, Gajewski J, Nimer S, et al.: Postremission chemotherapy for adults with acute myelogenous leukemia: improved survival with high-dose cytarabine and daunorubicin consolidation treatment. J Clin Oncol 8 (7): 1199-206, 1990.
Rohatiner AZ, Gregory WM, Bassan R, et al.: Short-term therapy for acute myelogenous leukemia. J Clin Oncol 6 (2): 218-26, 1988.
Stone RM, Berg DT, George SL, et al.: Postremission therapy in older patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia: a randomized trial comparing mitoxantrone and intermediate-dose cytarabine with standard-dose cytarabine. Blood 98 (3): 548-53, 2001.
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Löwenberg B: Sense and nonsense of high-dose cytarabine for acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 121 (1): 26-8, 2013.
Löwenberg B, Pabst T, Vellenga E, et al.: Cytarabine dose for acute myeloid leukemia. N Engl J Med 364 (11): 1027-36, 2011.
Schaich M, Röllig C, Soucek S, et al.: Cytarabine dose of 36 g/m² compared with 12 g/m² within first consolidation in acute myeloid leukemia: results of patients enrolled onto the prospective randomized AML96 study. J Clin Oncol 29 (19): 2696-702, 2011.
Miyawaki S, Ohtake S, Fujisawa S, et al.: A randomized comparison of 4 courses of standard-dose multiagent chemotherapy versus 3 courses of high-dose cytarabine alone in postremission therapy for acute myeloid leukemia in adults: the JALSG AML201 Study. Blood 117 (8): 2366-72, 2011.
Baker WJ, Royer GL Jr, Weiss RB: Cytarabine and neurologic toxicity. J Clin Oncol 9 (4): 679-93, 1991.
Haupt HM, Hutchins GM, Moore GW: Ara-C lung: noncardiogenic pulmonary edema complicating cytosine arabinoside therapy of leukemia. Am J Med 70 (2): 256-61, 1981.
Clift RA, Buckner CD, Thomas ED, et al.: The treatment of acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia by allogeneic marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2 (3): 243-58, 1987.
Reiffers J, Gaspard MH, Maraninchi D, et al.: Comparison of allogeneic or autologous bone marrow transplantation and chemotherapy in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia in first remission: a prospective controlled trial. Br J Haematol 72 (1): 57-63, 1989.
Bostrom B, Brunning RD, McGlave P, et al.: Bone marrow transplantation for acute nonlymphocytic leukemia in first remission: analysis of prognostic factors. Blood 65 (5): 1191-6, 1985.
Busca A, Anasetti C, Anderson G, et al.: Unrelated donor or autologous marrow transplantation for treatment of acute leukemia. Blood 83 (10): 3077-84, 1994.
Tallman MS, Rowlings PA, Milone G, et al.: Effect of postremission chemotherapy before human leukocyte antigen-identical sibling transplantation for acute myelogenous leukemia in first complete remission. Blood 96 (4): 1254-8, 2000.
Koreth J, Schlenk R, Kopecky KJ, et al.: Allogeneic stem cell transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia in first complete remission: systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective clinical trials. JAMA 301 (22): 2349-61, 2009.
Chao NJ, Stein AS, Long GD, et al.: Busulfan/etoposide--initial experience with a new preparatory regimen for autologous bone marrow transplantation in patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia. Blood 81 (2): 319-23, 1993.
Linker CA, Ries CA, Damon LE, et al.: Autologous bone marrow transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia using busulfan plus etoposide as a preparative regimen. Blood 81 (2): 311-8, 1993.
Sanz MA, de la Rubia J, Sanz GF, et al.: Busulfan plus cyclophosphamide followed by autologous blood stem-cell transplantation for patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia in first complete remission: a report from a single institution. J Clin Oncol 11 (9): 1661-7, 1993.
Cassileth PA, Andersen J, Lazarus HM, et al.: Autologous bone marrow transplant in acute myeloid leukemia in first remission. J Clin Oncol 11 (2): 314-9, 1993.
Jones RJ, Santos GW: Autologous bone marrow transplantation with 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide purging. In: Gale RP, ed.: Acute Myelogenous Leukemia: Progress and Controversies: Proceedings of a Wyeth-Ayerst-UCLA Symposia Western Workshop Held at Lake Lanier, Georgia, November 28-December 1, 1989. New York: Wiley-Liss, 1990, pp 411-419.
Gorin NC, Aegerter P, Auvert B, et al.: Autologous bone marrow transplantation for acute myelocytic leukemia in first remission: a European survey of the role of marrow purging. Blood 75 (8): 1606-14, 1990.
Robertson MJ, Soiffer RJ, Freedman AS, et al.: Human bone marrow depleted of CD33-positive cells mediates delayed but durable reconstitution of hematopoiesis: clinical trial of MY9 monoclonal antibody-purged autografts for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 79 (9): 2229-36, 1992.
Stein AS, O'Donnell MR, Chai A, et al.: In vivo purging with high-dose cytarabine followed by high-dose chemoradiotherapy and reinfusion of unpurged bone marrow for adult acute myelogenous leukemia in first complete remission. J Clin Oncol 14 (8): 2206-16, 1996.
Cassileth PA, Harrington DP, Appelbaum FR, et al.: Chemotherapy compared with autologous or allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in the management of acute myeloid leukemia in first remission. N Engl J Med 339 (23): 1649-56, 1998.
Zittoun RA, Mandelli F, Willemze R, et al.: Autologous or allogeneic bone marrow transplantation compared with intensive chemotherapy in acute myelogenous leukemia. European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) and the Gruppo Italiano Malattie Ematologiche Maligne dell'Adulto (GIMEMA) Leukemia Cooperative Groups. N Engl J Med 332 (4): 217-23, 1995.
Ravindranath Y, Yeager AM, Chang MN, et al.: Autologous bone marrow transplantation versus intensive consolidation chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia in childhood. Pediatric Oncology Group. N Engl J Med 334 (22): 1428-34, 1996.
Woods WG, Neudorf S, Gold S, et al.: Aggressive post-remission (REM) chemotherapy is better than autologous bone marrow transplantation (BMT) and allogeneic BMT is superior to both in children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). [Abstract] Proceedings of the American Society of Clinical Oncology 15: A-1091, 368, 1996.
Harousseau JL, Cahn JY, Pignon B, et al.: Comparison of autologous bone marrow transplantation and intensive chemotherapy as postremission therapy in adult acute myeloid leukemia. The Groupe Ouest Est Leucémies Aiguës Myéloblastiques (GOELAM). Blood 90 (8): 2978-86, 1997.
Ferrant A, Labopin M, Frassoni F, et al.: Karyotype in acute myeloblastic leukemia: prognostic significance for bone marrow transplantation in first remission: a European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation study. Acute Leukemia Working Party of the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT). Blood 90 (8): 2931-8, 1997.
Imrie KR, Dubé I, Prince HM, et al.: New clonal karyotypic abnormalities acquired following autologous bone marrow transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia do not appear to confer an adverse prognosis. Bone Marrow Transplant 21 (4): 395-9, 1998.
Schiller GJ, Nimer SD, Territo MC, et al.: Bone marrow transplantation versus high-dose cytarabine-based consolidation chemotherapy for acute myelogenous leukemia in first remission. J Clin Oncol 10 (1): 41-6, 1992.
Edenfield WJ, Gore SD: Stage-specific application of allogeneic and autologous marrow transplantation in the management of acute myeloid leukemia. Semin Oncol 26 (1): 21-34, 1999.
Witherspoon RP, Deeg HJ, Storer B, et al.: Hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation for treatment-related leukemia or myelodysplasia. J Clin Oncol 19 (8): 2134-41, 2001.
Bensinger WI, Martin PJ, Storer B, et al.: Transplantation of bone marrow as compared with peripheral-blood cells from HLA-identical relatives in patients with hematologic cancers. N Engl J Med 344 (3): 175-81, 2001.
Recurrent Adult AML
No standard regimen exists for the treatment of patients with relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML), particularly in patients with a first remission duration of less than 1 year.[1]
A number of agents have activity in recurrent AML.[2,3] A combination of mitoxantrone and cytarabine was successful in 50% to 60% of patients who experienced relapse after initially obtaining a complete remission (CR).[4] Other studies using idarubicin and cytarabine or high-dose etoposide and cyclophosphamide reported similar results.[3,5,6,7] Mitoxantrone, etoposide, and cytarabine (MEC) demonstrated a CR induction rate of 55% in a population including 30 patients with relapsed AML, 28 patients with primary refractory AML, and 16 patients with secondary AML.[8][Level of evidence: 3iiiDiv] However, in a phase III Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) (E-2995) trial of MEC with or without PSC388, a multidrug resistance modulator, complete response (CR) was only 17% to 25% in a population including relapse at less than 6 months after first complete remission (CR), relapse after allogeneic or autologous bone marrow transplantation (BMT), second or greater relapse, primary induction failures, secondary AML, and high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes.[9][Level of evidence: 1iiDiv] Thus, treatments with new agents under clinical evaluation remain appropriate in eligible patients with recurrent AML.[10]
The immunotoxin gemtuzumab ozogamicin has been reported to have a 30% response rate in patients with relapsed AML expressing CD33. This included 16% of patients who achieved CRs and 13% of patients who achieved a CRp, a new response criteria defined for this trial. CRp refers to clearance of leukemic blasts from the marrow, with adequate myeloid and erythroid recovery but with incomplete platelet recovery (although platelet transfusion independence for at least 1 week was required). Unclear is whether the inadequate platelet recovery is the result of megakaryocyte toxic effects of gemtuzumab or subclinical residual leukemia. The long-term outcomes of patients who achieve CRp following gemtuzumab are not yet known. Gemtuzumab induces profound bone marrow aplasia similar to leukemia induction chemotherapy and also has substantial hepatic toxic effects, including hepatic venoocclusive disease.[11,12] The farnesyltransferase inhibitor tipifarnib (R115777) demonstrated a 32% response rate in a phase I study in patients with relapsed and refractory acute leukemia (two CRs and six partial responses in 24 patients treated) and has entered phase II trials.[13] Clofarabine, a novel purine nucleoside analogue, induced CR in 8 out of 19 patients in first relapse as a single agent [14] and in seven out of 29 patients when administered in combination with intermediate-dose cytarabine.[15][Level of evidence: 3iiiDiv]
A subset of relapsed patients treated aggressively may have extended disease-free survival (DFS); however, cures in patients following a relapse are thought to be more commonly achieved using BMT.[7][Level of evidence: 3iDii] A retrospective study from the International Bone Marrow Transplant Registry compared adults younger than 50 years with AML in second CR who received HLA-matched sibling transplantation versus a variety of postremission approaches.[16] The chemotherapy approaches were heterogeneous; some patients received no postremission therapy. The transplantation regimens were similarly diverse. Leukemia-free survival appeared to be superior for patients receiving BMTs for two groups: patients older than 30 years whose first remission was less than 1 year; and patients younger than 30 years whose first remission was longer than 1 year.[16][Level of evidence: 3iDii]
Allogeneic BMT from an HLA-matched donor in early first relapse or in second CR provides a DFS rate of approximately 30%.[17][Level of evidence: 3iiiA] Transplantation in early first relapse potentially avoids the toxic effects of reinduction chemotherapy.[3,17,18] Allogeneic BMT can salvage some patients whose disease fails to go into remission with intensive chemotherapy (primary refractory leukemia). Nine of 21 patients with primary refractory AML were alive and disease free at 10 years following allogeneic BMT.[7][Level of evidence: 3iiiA] Randomized trials testing the efficacy of this approach are not available. Autologous BMT is an option for patients in second CR, offering a DFS that may be comparable to autografting in first CR.[19,20,21]
Patients who relapse following an allogeneic BMT may undergo an infusion of lymphocytes from the donor (donor lymphocyte infusion or DLI), similar to the therapy patients with relapsing chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) undergo. (Refer to the Relapsing Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia section of the PDQ summary on Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Treatment for more information.) There are no published studies of any prospective trials examining the role of DLI for patients with AML who relapsed following allogeneic BMT. A retrospective study of European patients found that, out of 399 patients who relapsed after an allogeneic BMT, 171 patients received DLI as part of their salvage therapy.[22] A multivariate analysis of survival showed a significant advantage for the 171 DLI recipients, who achieved a 2-year overall survival from the time of relapse of 21%, compared to 9% for the 228 patients who did not receive DLI (P < .04; RR, 0.8; 95% confidence interval, 0.64–0.99).[22][Level of evidence: 3iiiA] The strength of this finding is limited by the retrospective nature of the study, and the possibility that much of the survival advantage could have been the result of selection bias. Furthermore, the remission rate of 34% reported in this study was considerably less than the 67% to 91% reported for CML.[23] Therefore, even if the survival advantage conferred by DLI is real, the fraction of relapsed AML patients who might benefit from this therapy appears to be quite limited.
Arsenic trioxide, an agent with both differentiation-inducing and apoptosis-inducing properties against acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells, has a high rate of successful remission induction in patients with relapsed APL. Clinical CRs have been reported in 85% of patients induced with arsenic trioxide, with a median time to clinical CR of 59 days. Eighty-six percent of evaluable patients tested negative for the presence of PML-RARA transcript after induction or postremission therapy with arsenic trioxide. Actuarial 18-month relapse-free survival was 56%. Induction with arsenic trioxide may be complicated by APL differentiation syndrome (identical to ATRA syndrome), prolongation of QT interval, and neuropathy.[24,25] Arsenic trioxide is now being incorporated into the postremission treatment strategy of de novo APL patients in clinical trials.
Some patients induced into second remissions with ATO have experienced long-term DFS following autologous stem cell transplantation.[26]
Ferrara F, Palmieri S, Mele G: Prognostic factors and therapeutic options for relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia. Haematologica 89 (8): 998-1008, 2004.
Hiddemann W, Kreutzmann H, Straif K, et al.: High-dose cytosine arabinoside and mitoxantrone: a highly effective regimen in refractory acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 69 (3): 744-9, 1987.
Brown RA, Herzig RH, Wolff SN, et al.: High-dose etoposide and cyclophosphamide without bone marrow transplantation for resistant hematologic malignancy. Blood 76 (3): 473-9, 1990.
Paciucci PA, Dutcher JP, Cuttner J, et al.: Mitoxantrone and ara-C in previously treated patients with acute myelogenous leukemia. Leukemia 1 (7): 565-7, 1987.
Lambertenghi-Deliliers G, Maiolo AT, Annaloro C, et al.: Idarubicin in sequential combination with cytosine arabinoside in the treatment of relapsed and refractory patients with acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol 23 (7): 1041-5, 1987.
Harousseau JL, Reiffers J, Hurteloup P, et al.: Treatment of relapsed acute myeloid leukemia with idarubicin and intermediate-dose cytarabine. J Clin Oncol 7 (1): 45-9, 1989.
Forman SJ, Schmidt GM, Nademanee AP, et al.: Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation as therapy for primary induction failure for patients with acute leukemia. J Clin Oncol 9 (9): 1570-4, 1991.
Spadea A, Petti MC, Fazi P, et al.: Mitoxantrone, etoposide and intermediate-dose Ara-C (MEC): an effective regimen for poor risk acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 7 (4): 549-52, 1993.
Greenberg PL, Lee SJ, Advani R, et al.: Mitoxantrone, etoposide, and cytarabine with or without valspodar in patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia and high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome: a phase III trial (E2995). J Clin Oncol 22 (6): 1078-86, 2004.
Estey E, Plunkett W, Gandhi V, et al.: Fludarabine and arabinosylcytosine therapy of refractory and relapsed acute myelogenous leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 9 (4-5): 343-50, 1993.
Sievers EL, Larson RA, Stadtmauer EA, et al.: Efficacy and safety of gemtuzumab ozogamicin in patients with CD33-positive acute myeloid leukemia in first relapse. J Clin Oncol 19 (13): 3244-54, 2001.
Giles FJ, Kantarjian HM, Kornblau SM, et al.: Mylotarg (gemtuzumab ozogamicin) therapy is associated with hepatic venoocclusive disease in patients who have not received stem cell transplantation. Cancer 92 (2): 406-13, 2001.
Karp JE, Lancet JE, Kaufmann SH, et al.: Clinical and biologic activity of the farnesyltransferase inhibitor R115777 in adults with refractory and relapsed acute leukemias: a phase 1 clinical-laboratory correlative trial. Blood 97 (11): 3361-9, 2001.
Kantarjian H, Gandhi V, Cortes J, et al.: Phase 2 clinical and pharmacologic study of clofarabine in patients with refractory or relapsed acute leukemia. Blood 102 (7): 2379-86, 2003.
Faderl S, Gandhi V, O'Brien S, et al.: Results of a phase 1-2 study of clofarabine in combination with cytarabine (ara-C) in relapsed and refractory acute leukemias. Blood 105 (3): 940-7, 2005.
Gale RP, Horowitz MM, Rees JK, et al.: Chemotherapy versus transplants for acute myelogenous leukemia in second remission. Leukemia 10 (1): 13-9, 1996.
Clift RA, Buckner CD, Appelbaum FR, et al.: Allogeneic marrow transplantation during untreated first relapse of acute myeloid leukemia. J Clin Oncol 10 (11): 1723-9, 1992.
Meloni G, De Fabritiis P, Petti MC, et al.: BAVC regimen and autologous bone marrow transplantation in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia in second remission. Blood 75 (12): 2282-5, 1990.
Chopra R, Goldstone AH, McMillan AK, et al.: Successful treatment of acute myeloid leukemia beyond first remission with autologous bone marrow transplantation using busulfan/cyclophosphamide and unpurged marrow: the British autograft group experience. J Clin Oncol 9 (10): 1840-7, 1991.
Gorin NC, Labopin M, Meloni G, et al.: Autologous bone marrow transplantation for acute myeloblastic leukemia in Europe: further evidence of the role of marrow purging by mafosfamide. European Co-operative Group for Bone Marrow Transplantation (EBMT). Leukemia 5 (10): 896-904, 1991.
Schmid C, Labopin M, Nagler A, et al.: Donor lymphocyte infusion in the treatment of first hematological relapse after allogeneic stem-cell transplantation in adults with acute myeloid leukemia: a retrospective risk factors analysis and comparison with other strategies by the EBMT Acute Leukemia Working Party. J Clin Oncol 25 (31): 4938-45, 2007.
Dazzi F, Szydlo RM, Craddock C, et al.: Comparison of single-dose and escalating-dose regimens of donor lymphocyte infusion for relapse after allografting for chronic myeloid leukemia. Blood 95 (1): 67-71, 2000.
Soignet SL, Frankel SR, Douer D, et al.: United States multicenter study of arsenic trioxide in relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia. J Clin Oncol 19 (18): 3852-60, 2001.
Shen ZX, Chen GQ, Ni JH, et al.: Use of arsenic trioxide (As2O3) in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL): II. Clinical efficacy and pharmacokinetics in relapsed patients. Blood 89 (9): 3354-60, 1997.
Yanada M, Tsuzuki M, Fujita H, et al.: Phase 2 study of arsenic trioxide followed by autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation for relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia. Blood 121 (16): 3095-102, 2013.
This PDQ cancer information summary for health professionals provides comprehensive, peer-reviewed, evidence-based information about the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. It is intended as a resource to inform and assist clinicians who care for cancer patients. It does not provide formal guidelines or recommendations for making health care decisions.
The lead reviewer for Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treatment is:
PDQ® Adult Treatment Editorial Board. PDQ Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treatment. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute. Updated <MM/DD/YYYY>. Available at: https://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/hp/adult-aml-treatment-pdq. Accessed <MM/DD/YYYY>. [PMID: 26389432]
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BUSINESS CONTRACT LAW
DIRITTO COMMERCIALE (IUS/04)
TRECCANI Matteo Responsabile
The course aims at providing students with basic knowledge, and at the same time with a deeper insight of the main legal topics concerning international contracts, trade and transactions, that concur to define the current legal and business environment from an international perspective, with a view to internationalization and development of business abroad.
In particular, the course provides with basic knowledge for the legal analysis of complex issues in transnational operations and the relevant legal framework for its discipline. For the purpose thereof, particular attention is devoted – with a private law approach and with a special focus on contractual relationships – to issues of international contract laws, conflicts of law, EU contract law and international trade law, together with an insight to competition law and international arbitration.
The course deals with the main legal issues concerning organization and development of business in a cross-border perspective, namely with regard to the legal framework for international trade; to the discipline of main contractual instruments related to international activity; to the discipline of cross-border corporate organization, and to certain relevant topics thereto, such as financing, payment mechanisms and dispute resolution.
In examining the course topics, particular attention shall be devoted to: (i) legal sources in the international context, including domestic, EU law, conflicts of law provisions, international conventions and uniform laws and codifications, case law etc.); (ii) to certain specific areas of discipline of international trade having particular relevance: international sale of goods, international transportation and B2C contracts; international distributorship and IP protection; (iii) to forms of internationalization of business, in particular joint ventures and cross border mergers and acquisitions; (iv) to forms of financing (including project financing) and certain issues of competition law; (iv) to jurisdiction and dispute resolution.
booklet of readings, cases and materials.
Taught classes; case studies, lectures and seminars.
Oral examination; no intermediate examination is envisaged.
The oral examination will consist of an average of 3 (three) questions concerning the program of the course and the materials.
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MyWJ
News & Calendararrow
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Walsh Jesuit High School traces its Jesuit tradition to St. Ignatius of Loyola, a Spaniard who died in 1556.
Born in 1491, Ignatius was the youngest of 13 children in the noble Basque family of Loyola, Spain. At the age of 26, he was serving as a soldier and defending the town of Pamplona against the French when a cannonball shattered his leg. He experienced a dramatic religious conversion when, during his long and difficult period of recovery, he read books on the life of Christ and found himself drawn away from thoughts of chivalry and warfare and toward the idea of serving Christ.
After his wounds healed, Ignatius attempted a pilgrimage to the Holy Land but stopped in Manresa, Spain, where he spent nearly a year reflecting on his life. Ultimately, Ignatius experienced a great enlightenment and devoted himself to serving God and others.
Realizing that an excellent education was necessary in order to fulfill his goal of working for Christ and the Catholic Church, Ignatius returned to school, studying Latin and theology. During this time he wrote a manual of spiritual direction called the Spiritual Exercises. Through sharing the Exercises, he gathered about him a group of companions who shared his love for God and zeal for service. These “friends of Jesus” became the first Jesuits and quickly responded to the needs of the Church through mission work, pastoral ministry, and education.
The new religious order was approved by Pope Paul III in 1540 and was called the Society of Jesus. Today, the Society of Jesus is the Catholic Church’s largest religious order, with more than 20,000 members worldwide.
Although not originally founded to operate schools, the Jesuits responded to numerous requests for places of learning and observed that educating young men enabled them to make a more generous response in the service of God and fellow man. Thus, the Jesuits came to value education as an effective way to advance the Kingdom of God and became the first religious order in the Catholic Church to engage in education as a major ministry.
The early years of Jesuit education led in 1599 to the establishment of a plan of studies, the Ratio Studiorum, which shaped a network of Jesuit schools, colleges, and universities that today serves more than 1.5 million students worldwide.
St. Ignatius knew that education involved more than a simple memorization of what is familiar. Under the guidance of his or her teachers, a student must be broadened by new ideas. And the end of Jesuit education is to produce graduates committed to fostering a society in balance with God’s intentions for humanity.
The Jesuit motto of Ad Maiorem Dei Gloriam means “For the Greater Glory of God” and reflects Walsh Jesuit’s heritage. Often abbreviated as A.M.D.G., the phrase reflects a Jesuit school’s desire to better serve God and God’s purposes by leading students to see not only their own dignity but the dignity of all humans.
Come join us at Walsh Jesuit High School, where we strive to do all things A.M.D.G.!
Jesuit Schools Network (JSN)
Discover more about our philosophy and spirituality.
Chicago/Detroit Province
Walsh Jesuit is a member of the chicago/Detroit Province of the Society of Jesus
Information on vocations to the Society of Jesus
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Girl diagnosed with kidney cancer while her father serves overseas
Updated: 4:43 AM CST Jan 14, 2020
KETV Staff Report
WORKS TO GET BACK HOME. LAST JUNE ZACHARY RAIDER LEFT HIS FAMILY IN BENNINGTON TO FIGHT OVERSEAS SEVEN MONTHS LATER. HIS FAMILY NEEDS HIM NOW MORE THAN EVER, ESPECIALLY HIS DAUGHTER AVA WE WERE TOLD THAT THERE WAS A 99% CHANCE OF HER HAVING WILMS TUMOR AND THEN WHEN THEY REMOVED IT ON WEDNESDAY, THEY CONFIRMED THAT IT IS WILMS TUMOR MORGAN RAIDERS SAYS DOCTORS DIAGNOSED HER FIVE-YEAR-OLD WITH A FORM OF KIDNEY CANCER NOW THE GIRL FACE IS AT LEAST SIX MONTHS OF RADIATION. I JUST ALWAYS SAW IT CAN’T HAPPEN TO ME SO IT DIDN’T SEEM REAL. IT’S JUST STARTING TO FINALLY SET IN MORGAN IS HANDLING ALL OF THIS PLUS GETTING READY FOR A NEW BABY ALL THE WHILE HER HUSBAND IS DEPLOYED AND HER PREGNANCY PREVENTS HER FROM BEING IN THE ROOM WITH AVA DURING RADIATION TREATMENT. I WANT TO BE THERE FOR HER DURING THIS I CAN’T I DID NOT BEING THERE FOR HER ESPECIALLY WITH HER AUTISM. SHE’S SHE’S MORE COMFORTABLE WITH ME THAN ANYBODY ELSE. SO MORGAN WILL DEPEND ON THE HELP OF OTHER FAMILY MEMBERS WHILE SHE AND HER HUSBAND BOTH PRAY THAT HE CAN GET HOME SOON. WE SENT OUT A RED CROSS MESSAGE ON MONDAY. I’VE ACTUALLY HAD TO SEND OUT TO NOW AND SO HE S
Last June, Zachary Rader left his family in Bennington, Nebraska to fight overseas. Now, his family needs him now more than ever, especially his daughter, Ava.Zachary’s wife, Morgan, says their 5-year-old daughter was recently diagnosed with a form of kidney cancer. “We were told that it’s a 99 % chance of her having Wilms tumor,” Morgan said. “When they removed it on Wednesday, they confirmed that it is Wilms tumor.”Now Ava faces at least six months of radiation and several months of treatment ahead of her. “I just always thought it can’t happen to me,” said Morgan. “So it didn’t seem real. It’s just starting to finally set in.”Right now, Morgan is seven months pregnant, and is still handling all of Ava’s medical needs while Zachary is still deployed. Morgan also told KETV that her pregnancy prevents her from being in the room with Ava during radiation treatment.“I want to be there for her during this. I can’t imagine not being there for her, especially with her autism,” said Morgan. “She’s more comfortable with me than anybody else.”Morgan will depend on the help of other family members and friends, while she and Zachary both pray that he can get home soon. “I sent out a Red Cross message on Monday. I’ve had to send two now,” said Morgan. “He should be on a flight soon back home.”Morgan says her husband was just approved to be relieved of his duties Monday, but it’s unclear when he’ll officially be approved to come back to the U.S. The family has a GoFundMe account set up to assist with Ava’s medical expenses.
Last June, Zachary Rader left his family in Bennington, Nebraska to fight overseas. Now, his family needs him now more than ever, especially his daughter, Ava.
Zachary’s wife, Morgan, says their 5-year-old daughter was recently diagnosed with a form of kidney cancer.
“We were told that it’s a 99 % chance of her having Wilms tumor,” Morgan said. “When they removed it on Wednesday, they confirmed that it is Wilms tumor.”
Now Ava faces at least six months of radiation and several months of treatment ahead of her.
“I just always thought it can’t happen to me,” said Morgan. “So it didn’t seem real. It’s just starting to finally set in.”
Right now, Morgan is seven months pregnant, and is still handling all of Ava’s medical needs while Zachary is still deployed. Morgan also told KETV that her pregnancy prevents her from being in the room with Ava during radiation treatment.
“I want to be there for her during this. I can’t imagine not being there for her, especially with her autism,” said Morgan. “She’s more comfortable with me than anybody else.”
Morgan will depend on the help of other family members and friends, while she and Zachary both pray that he can get home soon.
“I sent out a Red Cross message on Monday. I’ve had to send two now,” said Morgan. “He should be on a flight soon back home.”
Morgan says her husband was just approved to be relieved of his duties Monday, but it’s unclear when he’ll officially be approved to come back to the U.S.
The family has a GoFundMe account set up to assist with Ava’s medical expenses.
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Ed Reform
After The Bell, Lawmakers Still Studying Campus Sex Assault Bills
Katie Lannan, State House News Service
This article is more than 1 year old.
As colleges and universities throughout Massachusetts gear up for the return of their students, advocates for a bill that aims to gather better information about the prevalence of campus sexual assault are ready to continue their push.
A bill that would have created a task force to develop such a survey and then required all colleges and universities Massachusetts to put out a version of it to their students every two years faltered in the final hours of formal sessions for the year after the House and Senate took different approaches, leaving its prospects murky.
Rep. Lori Ehrlich, a Marblehead Democrat who filed the original version of the bill in the House, said the work supporters put in over the past year "is not in vain."
"At the end of the day, this legislation is about protecting students, and I'm confident that the momentum we created this session will carry the bill forward, whether it be informal or formal," Ehrlich told the News Service, saying she'd "definitely" pursue the issue again in the new term that begins in January.
The bill (H 4810) cleared the House unanimously on July 25, six days before the final formal session of the two-year legislative term on July 31, by which point lawmakers try to wrap up major business. The House and Senate will meet in informal sessions for the rest of the year, when any one legislator can block a bill.
Introducing the bill on the floor, Rep. John Scibak, the House chair of the Higher Education Committee, said campus sexual violence is "a problem that hasn't ended, and a problem that we need to address."
"The first step to solve the problem is to understand it," said Scibak, a South Hadley Democrat whose district includes parts of the UMass Amherst campus. "To collect data on the incidence of sexual assault will help our Massachusetts colleges and universities enhance their programming and support services for students."
Under the House bill, schools would be required to conduct the sexual misconduct climate surveys beginning in August 2019, after a task force develops a model survey designed to gather information, including the number of reported incidents of sexual misconduct on campus, student awareness of related policies, and what happens after a victim reports sexual misconduct.
"The reason for the task force is there are many ways to ask a question," Ehrlich said. "Questions can be asked in a way that lead to a certain answer. They can be asked in a way that you may not get as direct an answer as possible. It'll be the work of the task force to make sure that questions are asked in a way that they are as free as possible from bias."
Ehrlich and Scibak both described the bill to their colleagues as a "first step" in combating sexual assault on campuses.
When the bill hit the Senate floor for deliberation around 11 p.m. on July 31, Sen. Michael Moore, the Senate chair of the Higher Education Committee, urged his colleagues to "send to the House a comprehensive approach dealing with sexual assaults."
Moore offered an amendment to the bill that added in elements of a broader campus sexual assault bill the Senate passed in November, including requirements that students be trained annually on sexual violence prevention and that each college and university designate a "confidential resource advisor" who can provide students information on available reporting options, counseling and medical services after an assault.
"This is only one aspect or initiative to deal with sexual assaults on college campuses," Moore, a Millbury Democrat, said of the House bill. "My amendment to this legislation includes sections of legislation passed by the Senate back in November, not seven days ago. As I said back then, on the surface this legislation deals with sexual assaults on college campuses. To me, this deals with those issues and more important issues. This represents how the schools are going to protect and serve some of the most precious people in the lives of parents and families, our children."
After adopting the amendment, the Senate passed its version of the bill, which is now before the House Committee on Bills in Third Reading.
A spokeswoman for Speaker Robert DeLeo said the House had "productive conversations with members and advocates" over the past year, and that DeLeo plans to continue those talks.
Members of the Every Voice Coalition, which pushed for the climate survey bill and also supports the Senate's campus sexual assault bill, said they hope a version can pass in an informal session before the end of the year and, if not, expect it to become law within the next two to four years.
"It's just about trying to figure out what can we all work towards to find a solution that works for everybody, and hopefully keep pressing on this issue because it's not like one bill or one idea is going to solve this incredibly complex problem," John Gabrieli said.
Genevieve Rogers said the coalition has worked with lawmakers, local organizations and national groups to build support for the climate survey bill. A highlight of that effort, she said, was an April rally that brought more than 200 students from 20 different colleges to the State House.
"That was just the tip of the iceberg. Those were just the students who didn't have class that day," Rogers said. She said, "If it doesn't pass, we are still here. We are not going anywhere."
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Madeira parents told to watch kids for whooping cough
Case of whooping cough reported at high school
<p>FILE PHOTO: Someone receiving whooping cough vaccine.</p>
MADEIRA, Ohio -- Parents at Madeira High School are urged to watch their children for symptoms of whooping cough for the next few weeks, after a student at the school fell ill.
According to a letter emailed Friday, parents should monitor their children for symptoms until Sept. 16.
Whooping cough, or pertussis, starts out very similar to the common cold, with sneezing, a runny nose and a mild cough. The cough becomes more severe after one or two weeks, changing into rapid spells of a hacking cough that have a tell-tale “whooping” sound. These may be associated with vomiting and breathlessness.
Symptoms usually appear seven to 10 days after a person is exposed to Bordetella pertussis, the bacteria responsible for whopping cough.
A person is contagious for five days after they start antibiotics, and, according to Ohio regulations, kids have to stay home from school, daycare and other activities during that time.
Friday's letter came from the Hamilton County health department and Madeira High School; under Ohio law, the health department has to investigate when certain illnesses, including whooping cough, are reported.
Adults and children who have been vaccinated might have mild symptoms, but whooping caught can be more serious for young infants and people with a pre-existing respiratory disease. Whooping cough is most concerning for infants under age 1, with a higher instance of severe illness and even death.
The number of whooping cough cases is growing among adolescents and adults, probably because vaccine protection fades over time. Anyone older than 11 can get a booster shot of the vaccine; it's available at most doctors’ offices and many pharmacies.
Earlier this year, the Northern Kentucky Health Department reported "record levels" of whooping cough, surpassing previous outbreaks in 2010 and 2012.
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Home » Global box office
Global box office
Baby Groot
Chinese Theater
Disney News Round-up: Disney’s Hollywood Studios News, Guardians of the Galaxy News, and More
Happy Wednesday! We have some news from Disney's Hollywood Studios today with a couple of briefs about Guardians of the Galaxy including a new Groot sipper cup at the Studios. Let's check out today's round-up.
Baby Groot Cupcake
box office records
character meet and greet
Guardians of the Galaxy Vol 2
Disney News Round-up: Marvel’s ‘Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2’ Has Huge Domestic Debut, Fans Can Meet the Guardians at Disney’s Hollywood Studios, and More
Happy Wednesday! We've made it halfway through the week! Today's news round-up features a Guardians of the Galaxy theme, with news about the film's huge debut weekend, a meet-and-greet at the Studios, and more.
POSTED Fri, 12/25/2015 - 17:00 | POSTED BY Traci C.
‘Star Wars: The Force Awakens’ Breaks Global Box Office Records in Opening Weekend
Star Wars: The Force Awakens is still dominating the global box office following its record-breaking opening weekend. The film earned an all-time industry-high $248 million at the domestic box office last weekend and had an all-time record global box office of $529 million.
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Medway’s Cultural Strategy
University Of the Creative Arts
University of Greenwich – Medway Campus
MidKent College
Medway Champions
For more than 20 years, the University of Kent has played a leading role in Medway, working in close partnership with the Council, the Historic Dockyard, regional and national industry and the community to bring about significant change and regeneration to the area.
Medway is fast becoming one of the most dynamic areas in the South-East and we are is committed to playing our part. We fully support the Council’s ambitions for Medway to become UK City of Culture 2025, and are in the process of creating a distinct set of academic programmes at Medway which builds on our core strengths in the creative and digital industries – currently the fastest growing sector of the UK economy.
We are broadening our range of programmes in health and well-being, and innovation and business, as well as our support of further and higher degree apprenticeships and work-based learning. Our aim is to encourage more people from Medway to participate in further and higher education, or informal learning. We are the proud sponsors of the Brompton Academy and Chatham Grammar School for Girls and continue to expand our outreach activities with our partner schools.
Over the years, our various activities have supported the economic growth of Medway. A recent report on our economic impact revealed that the University contributed more than £55 million to the area’s economy and created 573 jobs for the Medway towns. Almost £20 million of this was generated by the personal expenditure of our students.
The Kent and Medway Medical School (KMMS), will receive its first intake of students in 2020. A partnership between the University of Kent and Canterbury Christ Church University, KMMS will help address the significant and well documented challenges Medway and the wider region faces in developing and maintaining its healthcare workforce, with students actively training in the community and who, after graduation, may then continue to work in the area.
In 2017, we launched KMTV in partnership with the KM Group. KMTV is the county’s first dedicated television channel, delivering quality news, sport and entertainment to viewers in Medway 24/7.
Over the years we have invested substantially in our Pembroke and Historic Dockyard sites. This has resulted in award-winning new buildings and the reinvention of former naval facilities as truly innovative teaching, learning and study spaces. Former industrial buildings on the Dockyard have also been adapted to provide industry-standard facilities for our new Centre for Music and Audio Technology and a home for the Medway arm of Kent Business School.
Become a Medway Champion
virginie.giles@medway.gov.uk
© 2020 We are Medway. All rights reserved Website by
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Coast Guard Foundation honors U.S. Coast Guard in NOLA
Greg Fischer Editor-in-chief @AscensionEditor
The event featured an address by Coast Guard Commandant Admiral Paul F. Zukunft, who made the evening as "Zukunfortable" as possible.
It was a Dress Blue and Black Tie affair last weekend at the U.S. Freedom Pavilion in the Boeing Center honoring the U.S. Coast Guard.
The prestigious Coast Guard Foundation raised over $160,000 for the U.S. Coast Guard at the event, which was sponsored by major companies. The funds will go largely to the hundreds of Coast Guard members who lost their homes at the hands of Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Maria that ravaged the Gulf Coast in 2017.
But the Coast Guard was in high spirits. They shared poetry with attendees, laughter, and a general spirit of honor and respect. Members were honored for selfless acts of bravery during trying times last year, saving lives in the midst of losing their own homes in many cases.
The Coast Guard Foundation, a non-profit organization committed to the education and welfare of all Coast Guard members and their families, recognized the Coast Guard’s response to hurricane Harvey, which hit parts of Southern and Western Louisiana, as well as Texas.
The event featured an address by Coast Guard Commandant Admiral Paul F. Zukunft, who made the evening as "Zukunfortable" as possible. RADM Paul Thomas, commander of the Eight Coast Guard District, was also in attendance. The emcee for the event was Reggie Rivers, broadcaster, motivational speaker and former NFL running back who played six seasons with the Denver Broncos.
“Since the event’s inception in 1994 we have raised over $9 million for the benefit of the men and women of the United States Coast Guard,” said Susan Ludwig, president, Coast Guard Foundation in a press release. “The members of the Eighth District are often some of the first to be called when natural disasters strike. They go willingly and act with the utmost professionalism, even when many of their families are impacted by these same tragedies. We are humbled to recognize these brave individuals.”
With the help of the community, the Foundation provides scholarship and morale programs for local service members and their families, as well as those stationed across the country. In addition, the Foundation’s disaster relief program has provided more than $1.6 million to Coast Guard members impacted by Hurricane Katrina in 2005, the Louisiana Floods in 2016, and the three hurricanes that struck Texas, Florida and Puerto Rico last year.
Additional photos may be found here. To learn more about the Coast Guard Foundation or to help support its work, please visit www.coastguardfoundation.org.
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Why Hot Apostles Needed Stitches at Dead Baby Downhill
Now Hear This: Four Concerts You Should Know About
More Carnage
Michael Roberts | June 21, 2007 | 7:55am
This June 21 profile of Cephalic Carnage only scratches the surface of Westword's wide-ranging interview with the band's guitarist, Zac Joe. The Q&A below expands on virtually every topic in the article, and adds plenty more.
Subjects include the studio Cephalic built in "an undisclosed location within the Denver area," and the assorted obstacles Mother Nature tossed out to slow the recording of the group's first-rate new disc, Xenosapien; the process utilized in laying down the tracks, as well as the group's envelope-pushing foray into technical riffology; Carnage's preference for tune individuality rather than death-metal formula; comments about how a previous single that was intended to be tongue-in-cheek was taken all too seriously by the act's fans; an injury that happened amid a wild video shoot; Stephen Hawking's alleged love of Cookie Monster vocals; the influence of bands ranging from Kreator and Thin Lizzy to Frank Zappa and Mr. Bungle; the group's current tour (Zac was in South Carolina during the interview); the question of whether extreme metal's growing popularity has anything to do with the state of the world today; and day jobs versus making a living solely from music.
Let the Carnage begin:
Westword (Michael Roberts): You built your own studio for this project?
Zac Joe: Yeah. We didn’t know if it was going to be ambitious or foolish. We thought the end product would let us know how it was coming about. But we just thought it was time for us to take some of the advance money and put it into a long-term effort – something we can either fall back on or just have that creativity at our fingertips at any time, either for Cephalic or for various side projects or for friends’ bands. Whatever, because I don’t care who you are: You’re not going to be a touring band for the rest of your life, and if you want to continue to play music, I think it’s wise to do something like that if the money’s there. So we decided to do that, and we decided to break ground on December 4. Not all the songs had been written yet. Leonard [also known as Lenzig Leal] and I and Nick [Schendzielos] all had songs in our back pockets that we knew we had to show to John [Merryman] during the recording, and we knew we could do it as long as [producer/engineer] Dave [Otero] was there during the drum portions to kind of make it simpler. And Dave brought a lot of his stuff down, so we could do scratch guitars and drums. And that went perfect.
WW: Let me slow you down a little bit to ask more about the studio. When you say “break ground,” did you actually construct the building the studio’s in?
Wednesday, Jan. 29, 2020 / 7:00pm @ Gothic Theatre 3263 S Broadway Englewood CO 80110
3263 S Broadway, Englewood CO 80110
The Improvised Shakespeare Company
Wednesday, Jan. 29, 2020 / 7:30pm @ The Garner Galleria Theatre 1050 13th St. Denver CO 80204
1050 13th St., Denver CO 80204
View more dates and times at this location >
Borahm Lee, Kevin Donohue and Colby Buckler
Wednesday, Jan. 29, 2020 / 8:30pm @ Cervantes' Masterpiece - Other Side 2637 Welton Denver CO 80205
2637 Welton, Denver CO 80205
ZJ: No, we’ve been practicing at this property that belongs to our guitar player Steve [Goldberg]’s family. It used to be an old lumber store, and they made it into a storage facility, and they haven’t been using the second story for a while. So they’ve been very generous to allow us up there to kind of do our thing.
WW: Where’s it at?
ZJ: It’s at an undisclosed location within the Denver area. (Laughs.) We do a t-shirt print shop there as well – stickers and t-shirts. So that’s there. We rehearse there as well. And with technology, you really don’t need the big 64-channel studio anymore with all the separation rooms. Thanks to all the computer programs and good mikes and condensers and power amps and whatever, you can do a lot. And I think showcased by the MySpace boom, there are kids who are recording killer demos on their laptops in their room… So we put up a bunch of screens and a bunch of microphones and stuff like that, and that’s where the problems started.
WW: The problems?
ZJ: As you know, we got hit by a tremendous number of snowstorms, and that ended up crippling us completely. Our goal was to have Dave come in and do the drum effects with some of his gear, and we brought all of our own gear, and we would record the guitars and bass ourselves, as long as we needed to do that. So we had ordered these parts from some friends of ours in San Francisco, and then things just got held up. Either it was UPS or we had the wrong pieces or the pieces weren’t compatible with the motherboard. So we had three weeks where we weren’t doing anything, and that ended up holding up the whole album by two months.
WW: What was the original release date of the album?
ZJ: We were supposed to hand it to them in January, and then it became February, and I think they actually got it in March. The release date jumped around a little bit, and it finally came out May 29. I don’t remember what the original release date was. I just remember there was a whole lot of stress and frustration involved in the initial part until we finally got things up and going again.
WW: Obviously, that’s not the best-case scenario – but sometimes that sort of pent-up aggression can help the project as a whole. Is that how it turned out – that when you guys finally got to record, you were on fire?
ZJ: I think so to a certain extent. But you’re so focused in on the little details that it’s hard to pull out and tell whether what you’re doing is genius or crap. You know? You don’t know, because you’re so focused on the minor details that it’s hard to focus on the big picture. My whole thing was, I almost wish something had happened before drums, because then we would have had that three weeks to put some more songs together, put some more ideas together. Because once the drums were done, that was it. That’s all we had to work with. And we had to make sure we worked within those constraints, and there were twelve and fourteen hour days. Working during the day time for myself and my family, so I had to do it at night, and I’d be there until four or five o’clock in the morning all the time, and so would Steve and Nick. Just pounding it as hard as we could, and then getting a little ADD and getting totally bored, or just frustrated because the part isn’t coming out, or you just can’t get it. We did everything to metronomes mostly without listening to John’s drums and with mostly no distortion – just clean guitars, and then doubling them all up. That was a new technique for us. It was a pain. I just wanted to hit my head against the wall so many times, thinking, “Why the hell did we write technical riffs like this?”
WW: It may have been a pain, but one of the best things about the disc is the unbelievably technical nature of a lot of the guitar parts. Was that one of the concepts you had going in? That you wanted to really push the envelope technically?
ZJ: Not that we concern ourselves with what’s going on around us, but the level of musicianship within our genre has just stepped up the last two or three years. These kids are learning how to play arpeggios and solos and technicalities like crazy, and we’ve always been technical, but I knew we had to step it up without throwing in a lot of the cheesy, trendy stuff – without trying to sound like all the newer bands that have come out, because that’s not what we’re interested in. We are who we are, and we make no apologies about it… I was the guy who’d come home after a shift at three o’clock in the morning and plug in the Micro-Cube and start noodling around until I came up with something. I never set out to write kooky time signatures or be super-technical. Just kind of whatever the vibe was that took us there. I love 4-4 and the Beatles more than anything, but the key is talent, I think.
WW: So you wanted to use that technical guitar style in an expressive way, instead of saying to yourself, “We’ve got to play this way to make it seem like we’re keeping up”?
ZJ: It’s tough keeping up. Once you start concerning yourself with that, then your music is crap. It’s not true, it’s not honest. We never set out to be technical for technical’s sake. That’s just not for us. But I’ll tell you, a lot of times in the past, you’d see the floor and our little chalkboard covered with numbers because that was how we were counting. That’s where the frets were. We did a lot of that. But we didn’t have to do that this time. It was more natural.
WW: Is there a song on the album where you thought, “This is the key. This is the direction we want to follow”?
ZJ: I think the big thing for us is we always wanted the songs to have individuality – to sound different from one another. Now, for someone who’s not into the genre, they might listen to the album and think, “It all sounds the same to me…”
WW: I don’t think so…
ZJ: Good, because we always set out to make each song individual. Not to write the perfect song, but to make sure that every song wasn’t doing the same thing. There are some bands that have two riffs in their whole set. And the kids eat it up; they love it. But I don’t see why people would want to rewrite the perfect song over and over again. In death metal, it seems like everything’s got to be formulaic. But for us, we really want the songs to be individual.
WW: What’s the first song you came up with?
ZJ: The first song on the album, “Endless Cycle of Violence.” We had that song for about a year, and then the second and third song popped up slowly. But it wasn’t really until we decided to record that the songs started coming up more quickly, where everyone started having ideas. Everyone in the band writes, so it comes together quickly when you know you’ve got a fire under your ass – that you told the label, “We’re ready to record” when you’re really not, so you’ve really got to bust ass. You start digging out all those old riffs and song ideas. But you’re always going to have kids who come to shows that only want to hear songs from your second album, and everything else is crap to them. They’ll be like, “I hated that fucking record.” But we’ve got to be happy when we walk away from something. We don’t want to walk away thinking that things sound half-baked. You’re always trying to better yourself.
WW: And for guys, having done it for as long as you have, if you’re not interested in what you’re doing, that’s going to come through to the listener.
ZJ: I think so. I totally think so. Writing music is a very selfish thing, and I think that’s the way it should remain. In our case, you’ve got to make sure that the five guys walk out of that rehearsal room happy and stoked about what’s going on. If not, can the song or can the riff: get rid of it. If you’re writing for them, it shows. If they’re along for the ride, cool. If not, move along to the next band.
WW: It certainly seems that more people have come along for the ride lately, and that’s interesting, since it doesn’t seem like you guys have been compromising. Is that proof to you that if you push things as hard as you can, listeners will follow you where you’re going, and want you to go into new areas?
ZJ: Totally. Just from talking to kids at shows, that seems to be the case. And we felt that the scene is coming closer to us. We had a song on our last album, “Dying Will Be the Death of Me,” that’s a tongue-in-cheek track for us to comment on the way scene is going, with all of what we call the Boston breakdown laser-gun riffs. We wanted to do that, but we also wanted to step it up. The song had a sing-along chorus and it was very tongue-in-cheek, but at the same time, we wanted the musicianship to kind of step it up over all these bands that have been doing it all the time. It has that sort of Meshuggah-esque odd time signature breakdown riff in the middle. But where I think we messed up is, we put that out as the first single on the record, and the kids on the Internet thought it was our new style, it was totally how we were going to be, we were selling out. Johnny Carson once said, “If you have to explain a joke, it wasn’t worth telling.” So we just said, “Fuck it.” If you don’t get it, whatever, but we had fun with it. And since then we’ve seen this explosion of tech-metal bands, and we feel they’ve been coming closer to us. So if they’re along for the ride, cool, and if they’re not, we’ve had a good run, and there’s still a lot out there to be had.
WW: I’m assuming you’ve been getting really good feedback on the new disc…
ZJ: Yeah, and we didn’t expect it. The last time, with “Dying,” people didn’t even give the rest of the album a chance. It suffered some lackluster reviews here and there, even though some people absolutely loved it. But this album, the response has been very, very good. And we’re really happy.
WW: What’s the lead single this time around?
ZJ: “Endless Cycle of Violence.” That’s the one the video was made for. We had world-renowned Soren came to Denver, in our back lot. He filmed a hundred of our closest friends. We got everyone really super-drunk on, like, thirteen cases of beer. And they got drum kits and guitars and stuff that could be completely destroyed. One of our close friends was actually injured, which we felt really bad about.
WW: What kind of injury?
ZJ: She had to get a CAT scan, and she got staples in her head. People were swinging guitars around and somebody accidentally hit her. So that wasn’t a laughing matter. But the label picked up the medical bill, and she’s okay now. We were really concerned about her; we didn’t want that to happen. But if you watch the video, you’ll see how extremely violent the whole thing came out. It’s funny, though, too.
WW: I wanted to ask about some specific songs on the album. On “The Omega Point,” it sounds like Stephen Hawking. Is it?
ZJ: Yeah, apparently Stephen Hawking is really into technical death metal. He says that’s the next evolutionary step of humanity, not just of music alone. We’re all going to walk around talking in a Cookie Monster voice doing arpeggios and blasting. That’s the new form of communicating. So he’s really into it, he’s a big fan, and I think if you see A Brief History of Time, you’ll see that he’s got a Cephalic hoodie on, which is really cool. He was cool to do it.
WW: Okay, now that we’ve gotten the Paul Lynde answer out of the way, what’s the real story?
ZJ: Nick actually wrote all the lyrics to that song, and there’s the program called Say It Now! online, and you can get all these things where you program them in to sound like whatever. He really thought Stephen Hawking was the appropriate voice, and we fucking love it. I mean, how many times has Stephen Hawking been on a metal record? Or anybody’s record. And the whole song is about man’s existential quest to discover who he truly is and what it’s all about, so I think Stephen Hawking’s was very much the appropriate voice.
WW: For me, “Divination & Volition” is the track where the twin-guitar approach is at its height. How did that come together?
ZJ: I wrote the music for that song just noodling along on my guitar one day, and we had a song on Lucid Interval called “Pseudo,” and it was one of my favorite songs we’ve ever had, and it was a big fan favorite. And I kind of wanted to take that back again – do a little bit of a noodling thing, but also round it out in the end, so the end was a heavy riff that was the antithesis of how the song started out. It’s really not that technical of a riff, but you can get away with making it sound crazier if it’s faster. But even though we’re into that stuff, we didn’t want the whole record to be plagued with that stuff. If you listen to some bands that are technical, they do that through the whole album, and I think that has no dynamics to it, and it has no substance.
WW: So that it’s just showing off, and it doesn’t have any feeling behind it?
ZJ: Yeah – and there is feeling behind what we’re doing. It’s the erratic nature of us, and what the song is about, and what the vocals do, too. Again, being technical for technical’s sake is just kind of boring. I think it becomes more impressive and maybe more awe-inspiring if we just kind of pepper it along in different parts of the record. Like, “Wow, that part was crazy!” But if you do that 24-7, you’ll get this numbing effect. It’ll be oversaturated.
WW: Another song that jumped out to me was “Touched By an Angel,” in part because it has so many different collisions of style. Did that come together in the studio, with you guys throwing in bits and pieces from all over the place?
ZJ: The way it happened, the first riff was Leonard’s riff. He came in one day and said, “I have this riff,” and we were like, “Fuck, that’s awesome. Let’s do that.” So we black-metalled it out. I think the whole thing has this black-metal, Kreator, Thin Lizzy thing going on – and those three things probably should never have been involved in one song. But it’s very streamlined, too. The chorus comes together really well, and most of the time, Cephalic kids aren’t really used to having us do that. But it goes over really well every night, and it’s fun as fuck to play. I love it when that Thin Lizzy part comes up in the middle of the song.
WW: You’re right that the parts don’t seem that they should work together, but they do. Is that something you discovered on this record – how fun it is to play mix and match with different genres, instead of thinking, this song is going to be this style, and that song is going to be that style?
ZJ: We did that on Anomalies. We said, “These songs are going to be their own style. We’re going to have a stoner rock song and this is going to be the techie song.” We did that on purpose. But we’re into Mr. Bungle and Frank Zappa and all that kind of stuff. And unless you just want to go totally retro, you’ve got to go on your own path. And if you want to do that, the only option is to incorporate different genres and different styles, in my opinion. Otherwise, it’s just going to be cutting the same ground that everyone else is on, and I’m just not into that. I get so bored when people are hashing out the same shit over and over and over again. If they’re wanting to do the retro thing, that’s one thing. But if they think they’re coming up with something really new and original, they’re not.
WW: You mentioned that you’re on tour in South Carolina right now. How’s the tour going?
ZJ: All the shows have been very, very big. 500 is a minimum a night. South Carolina has never been known for big shows, so we’ll see. But this tour’s been packing them in like crazy. It’s awesome. I love it when half the kids know who you are and half of them have no idea. They’re buying merchandise like crazy, they’re beating each other up out in the pit area. That’s all we can hope for. This tour is very big…
WW: It seems like your genre is growing right now. To what do you attribute that? The state of the world?
ZJ: Yeah. Look at the Reagan era, when punk rock and metal were big, and death metal was big because cock rock was big. I’m not going to get into a Republican or Democrat thing, but in war time, aggressive music sells. The anti-culture is always bigger. If you look at the Bill Clinton era, fucking Hootie and the Blowfish and pot smokers were everywhere. Now you’ve got Lamb of God and My Chemical Romance selling really well. So honest to God, it is the state of the world. But I will gladly give up my metal career for peace. If my kids can grow up with peace, I’m okay with that.
WW: I wish it was that simple. But I think you guys are reflecting people’s moods…
ZJ: Well, we were pissed off during the Clinton era, too. (Laughs.) But I think what’s going on now totally has to do with the climate, and a certain aspect of these kids that are biting off the Swedish death metal. A lot of that is fashion, you know. A lot of those big MySpace metal bands now, they’re fifteen, sixteen, and they’re really into it, which is a good thing. But every trend and fad won’t last. There’ll be ones that will. If you look at the death-metal genre, Cannibal Corpse plowed through the whole thing and still sell 100,000 records, and they haven’t lost their crowds one iota. Same thing with Slayer. But a lot of that stuff is going to come and go. Always does. Whether it’s the baggy-pantsed jerk-offs or whoever – and now they’re back wearing jeans and sleeve tattoos again. But at least this version of it, they actually learned to play guitar, instead of playing that same power chord over and over again. These kids can actually play a guitar solo, so therein lies the difference. It’ll come and go, but we’ll take it right now.
WW: You mentioned earlier having to work a shift and then go into the studio. What’s the day job?
ZJ: I work at Breckenridge Brewery part time, and they’ve been amazing to me. I’ll be like, “I’ve got to go on tour for two months,” and they’ll be like, “Give us a call when you get back, and the job will be waiting for you.” And they’re just amazing people to work with. I have a great time over there. And the same thing with our drummer and everyone else. Our guitar player, Steve, works at the Ogden and the Bluebird, Leonard pretty much runs the print shop.
WW: Do you think with the success of this disc, will the day jobs become part of the past?
ZJ: What I’m looking to move into is engineering and doing the print shop fulltime, and the fact that I’m not doing that says that I’m just fucking lazy. Because there’s enough career and money sitting there for all of us to take. We just haven’t been working hard enough to do it. If we’d all done as much as Leonard has to do the t-shirt thing, we’d all be living off it fulltime. But I’m married with two kids, so I have a lot of expenses. So if I can walk into Breckenridge Brewery during a baseball game and clear $200, it’s easy, quick money, and I don’t mind doing it. But I’ll tell you this. I know bands that are on a much bigger level than us that still have to go home and work day jobs. And that’s just the reality of it. I’m not looking to be a rich rock star off this, because that would just be delusional.
WW: So what it’s about for you is self-expression and creativity?
ZJ: Yeah. I make enough money to pay bills and stuff when I come back, but that’s about it. There’s a lot of money at the end of the night, but the payouts are crazy. Paybacks to the label and the merchandise we took and whatever. There’s lots of expenses, as everybody knows – especially with gas prices the way they are. But that’s why we purchased the studio and the print shop – so those can be our jobs, and we can be working for ourselves, and take whatever success the band has brought on to allow us to do that.
Jay Triiiple Opens Her Third Eye on Change Over Dollars
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Hall and Oates Announce a 2020 Tour With Massive Denver Concert
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Pregnancy > Labor & Delivery
11 Medical Decisions to Make for Your Baby Before Delivery
by Kathleen Berchelmann
Jessica Byrum/Stocksy
You've educated yourself about pregnancy and made choices for your labor and delivery, but are you prepared to make medical decisions for your baby? In my experience as a doctor, I've realized that many new parents don't realize that in the first few hours of their baby's life, they'll need to make at least 11 (yes, 11!) medical decisions for their tiny new person. After hours of labor, that probably sounds like the last thing you want to do, which is why it's important to plan ahead as much as possible and discuss any questions you have with your doctor.
Think about the issues below, read through my recommendations as a pediatrician and a mom, and include your preferences in your birth plan.
1. Delayed cord clamping. Usually the umbilical cord is clamped immediately, but waiting just 30 to 60 seconds after birth to clamp the cord allows the placenta to give a few more pulses of blood to the baby (hence the term "delayed cord clamping"). This extra blood from the placenta can be as much as 30 to 40 percent of your baby's total blood volume. And all that extra blood can prevent anemia in the first six months of life. Studies also show that toddlers whose umbilical cords were cut after one to three minutes may be less likely to have delayed motor skills than children whose cords were cut immediately. In 2016 the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) officially recommended delayed cord clamping for all infants.
2. Cord blood banking. Cord blood banking is exactly what it sounds like — "banking" the extra blood in your baby's umbilical cord after it's cut in a registry or bank for future use (for example, to treat certain illnesses). It's become more popular in recent years, though it can be costly, depending on whether you opt for a private or public bank. Private banks may set you back anywhere from $1,000 to $2,500 for the initial collection, plus annual storage fees, whereas public banks are free. However, both storage options have pros and cons. The most notable difference between the two is that with private banks, you retain all control over your cord blood and can make all the decisions about it; however, it can be quite costly. Public banks are free, but you're donating your cord blood, meaning that anyone who needs it can use it (it may also be used for medical research).
Your Baby's First Month
Baby Month 1: Your Newborn Guide
Your Guide to Well-Baby Visits
3. Skin-to-skin newborn care. Do you want to hold your baby skin-to-skin right after delivery, even if you have a C-section? More and more hospitals allow newborns to spend the first few minutes of life skin-to-skin with their mother. This means that we place the baby, unwrapped, on mom's bare chest, between her breasts. We usually put a warmed blanket over the baby. The nurse or pediatrician can evaluate the baby right on mom's chest, if necessary. Routine infant care, such as antibiotic eye ointment, vitamin K, weight, measurements, footprints, bath, and full medical assessment can be delayed until after infant is breastfed, parents have bonded with the baby, and mom is ready to rest.
4. Antibiotic eye ointment. Newborns usually get an antibiotic eye ointment called ilotycin squirted into their eyes in the first few minute of life. Most states mandate this prophylactic treatment of newborn eye infections, although parents do have the right to decline the medication. The purpose is to kill bacteria — most often from STDs — that can cause blindness, and the risks and side effects of the treatment are essentially zero. Additionally, the antibiotics do kill common bacteria from the anus and genital area that can be passed during vaginal delivery. That said, many moms feel their risk of carrying STD-related bacteria is essentially zero and some opt out of the eye ointment.
5. Vitamin K injection. Shortly after your baby is born she will receive an injection of vitamin K in her thigh to prevent bleeding. Without vitamin K, about 2 percent of infants will develop hemorrhagic disease of the newborn, or vitamin K deficient bleeding (VKDB). Although it's usually okay to delay vitamin K until baby and parents are done bonding, it's not a good idea to decline vitamin K all together, as vitamin K deficient bleeding can be dangerous to newborns.
6. Bathing. Babies are born covered in vernix, a waxy white substance that looks something like cream cheese. Some hospitals will immediately bathe babies to remove the vernix, though it's becoming more common for hospitals to delay baby's first bath. Some parents want to do their baby's first bath themselves, often with their own special soap. This is completely fine, but you'll want to note it in your birth plan; otherwise, there's a chance a nurse will do it for you at the hospital.
7. Breastfeeding. Is breast really best? Is bottle-feeding okay? This is one of those subjects everyone (and I do mean everyone) will have a strong opinion about. The reality is, only you know if breastfeeding is best for you and your baby.
8. Pacifiers. Who knew that pacifiers could be so controversial? Many breastfeeding advocates discourage pacifier use until breastfeeding is well established, but there is also evidence that pacifier use can reduce the incidence of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). Other people think a pacifier habit is better than a thumb-sucking habit and give their baby a pacifier right away. Many people find pacifiers are essential for parental sanity — how else can you help a well-cared-for baby stop crying? Whatever your pacifier preference, be sure to note it in your birth plan or the nursery nurses may give your baby a pacifier without asking.
9. Circumcision. The U.S. circumcision rate fell to 58.3 percent in 2010 (down from around 64 percent in 1979) meaning that nearly half of US baby boys were not circumcised. Worldwide, about half of men are circumcised, although the popularity of this procedure is falling, especially in Europe and the Western United States. Don't worry: No one will circumcise your son without your permission (and a signed consent form). But this a procedure you'll definitely want to make an informed decision about before you go into labor.
10. Hepatitis vaccine. Babies usually receive their first hepatitis B vaccine in the hospital. This is just the first of a long series of vaccines that are recommended during childhood, and while the American Academy of Pediatrics' (AAP) previous recommendations included an option for delaying the first dose vaccine until baby's first well-visit, they've since updated their policy. Now, the AAP recommends that all newborns receive this vaccine within 24 hours of being born. To get all your questions about vaccines answered, talk to your pediatrician before your baby is born. Yes, you can schedule a visit while you are pregnant! Which brings me to #11...
11. Pick a pediatrician. If you deliver your baby in a hospital and have not yet chosen a pediatrician, the hospital will usually assign a pediatrician to see your baby. It's a better idea to pick your own pediatrician and have them see your newborn in the hospital. Schedule a visit to meet with each of the pediatricians you are considering while you are still pregnant. You'll thank yourself later when you know you've found the right doctor for you and baby.
What I Wish I Knew Before I Gave Birth
Written by Kathleen Berchelmann
Kathleen M. Berchelmann, M.D., is a pediatrician at St. Louis Children's Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine, director of the St. Louis Children's Hospital Social Media Team, and co-founder of the ChildrensMomDocs hospital physician blog. Her work has been featured in print and online publications including the St. Louis Post-Dispatch, the Chicago Tribune, and TIME magazine. She is a frequent contributor to health and parenting TV news segments in the St. Louis area, including KTVI (Fox) and KSDK (NBC). Kathleen and her husband are raising five children.
This story is meant to reflect individual contributors' experiences and does not necessarily reflect What to Expect's point of view. This content is not intended to be used as medical advice, for diagnosis, or treatment.
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Greg Osby
By Paul Hitchcock • Mar 9, 2019
Credit Allmusic
Program #241 (March 10 at 8:00pm)
Post-bop saxophonist Greg Osby was born April 3, 1960 in St. Louis, MO. He played in a series of R&B, funk, and blues units throughout his teen years before attending Howard University.
Upon graduating from the Berklee School of Music, he settled in New York City and went on to play behind Jack DeJohnette, Andrew Hill, Herbie Hancock, and Muhal Richard Abrams; during the mid-'80s, Osby also served alongside Steve Coleman, Geri Allen, Gary Thomas, and Cassandra Wilson as a member of the renowned M-Base Collective.
Making his solo debut with 1987's Sound Theatre, Osby went on to record several sets for the JMT label, also earning notice for his impressive contributions to Hill's 1989 date, Eternal Spirit, and its follow-up But Not Farewell; with 1990's Man-Talk for Moderns, Vol. X, he cut his first headling session for Blue Note, with subsequent efforts for the company (including 1993's 3-D Lifestyles and 1995's Black Book), pioneering a distinctive fusion of jazz and hip-hop.
While 1996's Art Forum captured the saxophonist in an acoustic setting, Osby continues exploring new avenues with each successive release, capturing the improvisational intensity of his live dates with 1999's Banned in New York and reuniting with Hill and fellow elder statesman Jim Hill for the following year's The Invisible Hand.
2001's Symbols of Light (A Solution) was a varied effort that witnessed him teaming with a string quartet, while the next year's Inner Circle was an older recording of sessions that featured a knockout version of Bjork's "All Neon Like." Osby teamed with pianist Marc Copland for 2003's Round and Round, while St. Louis Shoes was released that same year on Blue Note. Also released on Blue Note was 2005's Channel Three, which saw Osby working with drummer Jeff "Tain" Watts and bassist Matt Brewer.
In 2008, Osby released 9 Levels, his first recording on his own Inner Circle Music label.
(provided by Allmusic)
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Connecticut Voters Pick Both Incumbents And Newcomers In Municipal Elections
By Staff • Nov 6, 2019
View Slideshow 1 of 6
In New Haven, Democratic nominee Justin Elicker won a lopsided victory over incumbent Mayor Toni Harp, who had continued her reelection effort after losing the primary in September.
Ryan Caron King / Connecticut Public Radio
“I’m blessed with the opportunity I have had and I’m grateful in my heart of hearts for the ability that I’ve had to serve the people of the city of New Haven,” New Haven Mayor Toni Harp said, after conceding the race.
In Middletown, the race for an open mayoral seat saw Democrat Ben Florsheim beat Republican former mayor Sebastian Giuliano. Florsheim is a 2014 graduate of Wesleyan University.
Ryan Lindsay / Connecticut Public Radio
In New London, Democratic mayor Michael Passero returns for a second four-year term, beating out both GOP and Green Party candidates.
Harriet Jones / Connecticut Public Radio
“You get as far as you can as fast as you can and that’s what we’re trying to do – we’re trying to continue to see economic development and investment come in,” said Hartford Mayor Luke Bronin after declaring victory.
Frankie Graziano / Connecticut Public Radio
Secretary of the State Denise Merrill said low turnout doesn’t surprise her in a municipal election year.
Voters in cities and towns across the state went to the polls Tuesday, sending incumbents, party favorites, newcomers, and veterans into municipal leadership.
Some races ended as expected. In Hartford, Democratic incumbent Mayor Luke Bronin claimed victory against range of candidates, including former Mayor Eddie Perez. The same was the case in Bridgeport, where incumbent Democratic Mayor Joe Ganim won while holding off both legal challenges from the primary and political ones, as well. And Republicans celebrated both in Danbury, where Mayor Mark Boughton kept his seat, and in New Britain, where Mayor Erin Stewart did the same.
Other races brought leadership changes to city hall. In New Haven, Democratic nominee Justin Elicker won a lopsided victory over incumbent Mayor Toni Harp, who had continued her reelection effort after losing the primary in September.
Elicker is a former alderman who ran against Harp in 2013. This time around, he won -- with about two-thirds of the votes. Harp ran on the Working Families ticket. Elicker told supporters he wants to be an inclusive mayor who listens to all of the city’s residents.
“New Haven is a place where everyone has the opportunity and needs to have the opportunity to thrive,” he said. “New Haven is a place where divisive rhetoric has no tolerance.”
Elicker said he wants to promote more equal economic development between New Haven’s downtown and its neighborhoods.
In her concession speech at the Elks Club, Harp congratulated Elicker and thanked her supporters.
“I’m blessed with the opportunity I have had and I’m grateful in my heart of hearts for the ability that I’ve had to serve the people of the city of New Haven,” Harp said, telling a crowd of several dozen that she expects to do some form of public service in the future.
Credit Ryan Caron King / Connecticut Public Radio
Bridgeport Mayor Joe Ganim will begin his seventh term after winning handily against write-in candidate and State Sen. Marilyn Moore.
Ganim compared the big win to his long-shot victory in 2015 that followed his seven-year stint in prison for corruption.
“It is as equally humbling today as it was four years ago and as it was when I was first elected in 1991,” he told a crowd at Testa’s Restaurant in the city.
Ganim trounced Moore by over 6,000 votes after beating her by just 270 votes in the September primary with a big advantage in absentee ballots. The Connecticut Supreme Court is still considering an appeal of a lawsuit that claims absentee ballot issues cast doubt over the outcome of that contest.
Moore conceded defeat, but she still maintained she was unfairly deprived of victory in the Democratic Party primary in September. She won on the machine ballot but lost because of the absentee vote.
“I never tried to lower my standards,” Moore said. “I never took the low road. I tried to show us we are much better than what we have here in Bridgeport that’s going on.”
Moore said that, as a state senator, she intends to work on legislation to improve Connecticut’s voting system when she returns to Hartford next year.
“What I’m going to do over the first few weeks in my administration is make sure people know that our priority is listening,” Florsheim told supporters after declaring victory. “That’s the only way to build trust is to build actual relationships.”
“Today is an opportunity,” he said. “It is a victory for progressive values, it is a victory for honesty and decency in politics.”
Credit Ryan Lindsay / Connecticut Public Radio
And it’s a view shared by at least one supporter, Cynthia Hayward.
"I worked on Ben Florsheim’s campaign because he has a conscience, he has a heart, he cares about the least of the people,” Hayward said. We need a government that cares about the people and is transparent. He wants to get rid of the old guard, the patronage where it’s not what you know, it’s who you know.”
In Hartford, Luke Bronin declared victory shortly after 10 p.m. In an interview, he said there’s work left to do in what will be his second term as mayor.
“You get as far as you can as fast as you can and that’s what we’re trying to do -- we’re trying to continue to see economic development and investment come in,” Bronin said. “We’re trying to continue to create opportunity through things like our Youth Service Corps, which has created hundreds of jobs for young people and our reentry welcome center.”
“You get as far as you can as fast as you can and that’s what we’re trying to do -- we’re trying to continue to see economic development and investment come in,” said Hartford Mayor Luke Bronin after declaring victory.
Credit Frankie Graziano / Connecticut Public Radio
On Turnout
Earlier in the day, Secretary of the State Denise Merrill said voter turnout across Connecticut was “slow but steady.”
An hour before the polls closed, turnout in many communities across the state was mixed. According to the secretary of the state, turnout in the bigger cities was in the low double digits at best. Turnout in some smaller towns made it to between 20% and 35%. Full statewide numbers are not yet complete.
Merrill said low turnout doesn’t surprise her in a municipal election year.
“Generally, I would say it’s a pretty sleepy election,” Merrill said Tuesday night. “I just think it’s a typical municipal election. People don’t tend to turn out unless there’s a very hot race and there are some interesting races where the turnout is coming in higher. Danbury is coming in higher. Middletown is coming in a little higher.”
While Merrill said voting went “smoothly” considering allegations of primary election irregularities in Bridgeport, she said the situation in that city highlights a problem the state faces.
“There are more and more third parties and write-in candidates,” she said. “And that’s putting us all to the test in a way because the ballots are getting more complicated, there’s lots more process that people are not familiar with, and it’s a little confusing for voters.”
In New London, Democratic mayor Michael Passero returns for a second four-year term, beating out both GOP and Green Party candidates. Thirteen of 14 seats on the city council and board of education in the town also went to Democrats. The only one of the party’s candidates not returned was Jason Catala, who had been arrested on charges of credit card fraud.
“We’re going to continue to build New London’s stature statewide, and we’re going to bring prosperity to the Whaling City,” Passero told his supporters.
And in Wallingford, official results show longtime Mayor William Dickinson won nearly 59 percent of the vote to stay in office -- one he has held since 1984.
People in both major parties tried to steer the narrative a bit as the results came in. Democratic party chair Nancy Wyman said in a statement that her party “had a strong day across Connecticut, holding cities and towns, including seats that were open and others where Republicans were favored to win.
“Democrats also flipped leadership in five towns and swept seats on undertickets across the state,” Wyman said. “Democrats worked hard and came out to vote.”
That was a theme Democratic Sen. Chris Murphy pointed out on Twitter.
Just like 2017, looks like Democrats in Connecticut flipped control of several high profile local governments tonight. Madison, East Haven, Litchfield, Colchester all went from R to D. More results coming.
— Chris Murphy (@ChrisMurphyCT) November 6, 2019
Republicans pushed back, highlighting races in which they won against Democrats.
Is that why @CTGOP has expanded our majority over municipalities throughout #Connecticut tonight? The people of #FairfieldCT didn’t want #ToxicTetreau. The people of Sprague didn’t want @CathyOsten. #ctpolitics #ElectionDay https://t.co/gdlAcoXBXH
— J.R. Romano (@CTGOPChair) November 6, 2019
At The Polls
In Middletown, Barbara Humble-Cousins cast her vote at the Macdonough School polling place Tuesday morning. She said she’s excited to see new leadership in the city, and she hoped it would mean more funding for the schools.
“Get the teachers more resources of what they need to teach our kids. Definitely, that’s a big one for me,” Humble-Cousins said. “They’re underpaid and they don’t have a lot of resources. And they’re coming out [of] their pocket for a lot of things.”
Olga Marano owns a towing business in the North End of Middletown. She said education is a concern for her, too -- along with taxes and the environment. But Marano said she’s a big believer that her vote can help make a difference in her community.
“And a lot of times people complain about certain candidates but they’re not even registered. You know, so it really doesn’t count,” Marano said.
In Hartford, resident Betty Jennings said she thinks the city is “doing pretty good” and felt motivated to vote in the mayoral race. But going to the polls “is something I usually do anyway,” Jennings said. “If it’s time to vote, it’s time for me to get out there.”
Hartford voters also got to choose among a crowded field of city council candidates. Javis Ferron drives tractor-trailers for a living and said he is supporting candidates endorsed by the Working Families Party.
Ferron, who moved from New York to Hartford in 2005, said he sees the city moving in the right direction. One highlight: the Hartford Promise college scholarship program for high school students.
“It actually helps my daughter to go to college,” Ferron said. “So that was something that motivated me to want to stay here. That’s why I’m participating in the election today.”
Connecticut Public reporters Vanessa de la Torre, Frankie Graziano, Harriet Jones, Ryan Lindsay, and Lori Mack contributed to this report, as did WSHU’s Cassandra Basler and Davis Dunavin. Information from the Associated Press is included in this report.
Radio and Live Stream Status
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Ugliest Animals: Top 10 most ugly animals in the world
in Animals
Of those animals that one may encounter in one’s life, a few are cutest, friendliest and downright attractive. However, some animals are not fortunate enough to have that attractive look. These species are sometimes considered nasty, although some of them are not that dangerous. Such species are found in different parts of the world. Here is the list of some of the ugliest animals on earth.
Feast your eyes on the 10 most ugly animals in the world.
10. Proboscis Monkey
The monkey is non other than a whole lot of nose! This long-nosed monkey is found in the South East Asian island of Borneo. The most unique feature of this monkey is its protruding nose. Its obtrude nose makes this rare living thing easily identifiable. Interestingly, these monkeys are born with a blue face and a small nose. The face color changes and the nose become bigger and bigger making them look uglier.
These unusual-looking primates survive mainly on leaves, seeds, and raw fruits, but they sometimes eat insects too. For more than 40 years, Proboscis Monkeys populations have dropped. They are presently protected and listed among endangered species.
9. Warthog
It is a type of pig, which is apparently also the ugliest animals one can ever find. It has broad, flat head and toughened snout. They are mostly bald, but they do have some thin hair and thicker curls on their backs. When Warthog males clash, they smash together head-to-head in an attempt to bash each other. They mainly eat plants and grass and use their snout to dig out roots. They are unexpectedly fast when they feel threatened.
Warthog can run up to 48 kilometers in an hour. They can live long without water in dry weather. When water is available, they cool down themselves in it. They like insects. Birds help them fight with woodpeckers and other species.
8. Chinese crested dog
Chinese crested dog is a type of hairless dogs. It commonly measures less than 33 cm in height and looks like a toy dog with an ugly appearance. They can read human moods and are notorious of remaining in bed for hours without moving a muscle. They have almost no wish to go out and run around like usual dogs, but they are vigorous enough to jump unexpectedly tall barriers and compete in readiness. Chinese Crested dogs are profoundly social, and are very united within their group.
In the “World’s Ugliest Dog Contest”, a female Chinese crested dog won the title in 2009 at the Sonoma-Marin Fair, in Petaluma, Calif. Same year, she also won Animal Planet’s contest of “World’s Ugliest Dog”.
7. Turkey Vulture
Vultures aren’t bad looking, if you only focus on the body. They’ve big and strong body with a pair of nice broad wings. They’re beautiful, if you not look at those piercing eys, wrinkly neck and bald head.
Vultures, generally are associated a lot of bad qualities, including greed, cruelty and treachery. But perhaps the worst thing about Turkey Vultures is their facial features, which only a mother could adore. It’s among the ugliest animals on our planet. When you look at those knife-like eyes, their bald head and wrinkled neck is enough to make you flinch. These birds travel thermals in the sky and use their sharp sense of smell to find fresh corpses. It flies low to the ground to pick up the smell of dead creatures.
6. Star-nosed mole
The 6th world ugliest animal is a resident of North America. This animal is weird because of its ugly star-shaped nose. It has the most unique noses in the animal world, a hairless nose that is a star of 22 fleshy tentacles. It spends most of its time in water, however, it also ventures above ground consistently to feed and often takes departure to a network of infinite tunnels. Star Nosed Moles are found in low wet areas of eastern Canada and the northeastern United States.
5. Aye-Aye
Besides being one of the world’s ugliest animals ever, this creature has many weird traits. The Aye-Aye only comes out at night. It has large ears. It’s found only in the island of Madagascar, and is currently an endangered species. The body and the long tail is wrapped with brown or black fur with the layer that has white guard hair. Aye-Aye’s large rounded ears are extremely sensitive which gives them first-rate hearing. They also have bony fingers with sharp claws at the ends. By look, they’re some of the creepiest creatures, too.
4. Monkfish
Here’s one fish we don’t ever want to cross. Despite its super sharp teeth and powerful jaw, the Monkfish, which can grow to be up to three feet long, usually swallows its prey whole.
Monkfish has profoundly ugly looks. For many years, people did not like to eat it because of its weird facial features, but chefs realized that its appearance doesn’t matter if it good taste. Monkfish have giant heads, and their heads are filled with plenty of razor-like teeth. It’s found in the coastal Atlantic area and the size ranges up to about three feet. It also makes it one of the ugliest animals.
3. Horseshoe Bat
Horseshoe bats have a twisted appearance that looks more like an ear than a face. It’s counted among the ugliest animals one can ever find. They are more responsive to sounds. Horseshoe bats are found in tropical and temperate regions. They are typically brown but rarely red. They are about 3.5–11 cm (1.4–4.3 inches) length, and weigh 5–30 grams (0.17–1 ounce). The bat is one of the ugliest and most feared animals in the world.
These odd fish are generally found around the Galapagos Islands and near Peru. Divers may meet this fish at depths greater than 100 feet, but they are rare. They’re also known as Deep-sea Batfishes. Scientists judge that the reason they have the bright red pucker of the species is to attract the opposite gender. The maximum length of the red-lipped batfish is about 40 cm long. They are terrible swimmers, they prefer crawling about on the sea floor.
1. Blob Fish
Coming in at No. 1 on our list of most ugly animals in the world, is the deep see creature blobfish. This fish lives in deep waters of the South Pacific. The blob fish is rarely encountered by humans, that’s why we don’t know much about it’s natural history.
Blob fish is one of those animals that doesn’t have much to smile about. The bad-tempered and sulky looking ocean creature become the official mascot of the Ugly Animal Preservation Society. This named the fish the unofficial title of “ugliest animal in the world”.
Blobfish voted world’s ugliest animal, according to a campaign, run by the Ugly Animal Preservation Society to decide its new mascot, an ugly mascot, a champion for all the endangered and aesthetically challenged animals.
Unlike other ugly animals out there, it’s made of the jelly like material, which permits it to float in water. The Blob Fish, in particular, lives at depths of up to 1189 meters where the pressure is about 118 times more than that at sea level. To eat, the Blobfish spends most of its time on the bottom of the ocean, waiting for a meal to swim by. Looking more like a cartoon, the Blobfish has no skeleton and no real muscles.
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Next Business, Finance & Law
Next Finance & Accounting
Next Accounting
Next Financial Accounting
Financial Accounting 9780077121716-01-000 9780077121716-01-000 9780077121716
https://www.whsmith.co.uk/products/financial-accounting-and-reporting-an-international-approach-european-ed/anne-marie-ward/craig-deegan/paperback/9780077121716-01-000.html
Financial Accounting and Reporting: An International Approach European ed
By Anne Marie Ward (Author), Craig Deegan (Author)
https://www.whsmith.co.uk/products/financial-accounting-and-reporting-an-international-approach-european-ed/anne-marie-ward/craig-deegan/paperback/9780077121716-01-000.html £52.19 rrp £57.99 Save £5.80 (10%)
With Free Saver Delivery
Financial Accounting and Reporting: An International Approach is an adaptation of McGraw-Hill Australia's bestselling financial accounting text Australian Financial Accounting by Craig Deegan, authored by Anne Marie Ward of Ulster University. Set within an international context, with a solid grounding in IAS/ IFRS, the book provides students with a detailed grasp of reporting requirements in and accessible and engaging manner. Up to date throughout and complete in theoretical and practical coverage, the book successfully communicates the detail necessary to understand, challenge and critically evaluate financial reporting. The result gives students a strong foundation for current study and their future professional lives.
Dr. Anne Marie Ward is a Professor of Accounting in the Department of Accounting, Finance and Economics at the University of Ulster at Jordanstown, Northern Ireland. She is also a qualified Chartered Accountant. Craig Deegan, BCom (University of NSW), MCom (Hons) (University of NSW), PhD (University of Queensland), FCA, is Professor of Accounting at RMIT University in Melbourne. Prior to this appointment, and between 1996 and 2001, he was Professor of Accounting and Faculty Director of Research and Research Higher Degrees at the University of Southern Queensland. He has taught at Australian universities for two decades in both undergraduate and postgraduate courses, and has presented lecturers internationally, including in New Zealand, the United States, France, England, Wales, Scotland, Malaysia, Singapore, South Africa, South Korea and China.Prior to his time in the university sector, Craig worked as a chartered accountant in practice. He is an active researcher with numerous publications in Australian and international professional and academic journals (any NZ ones, and he regularly provides consulting services to corporations, government, and industry bodies. Craigs main research interests are in the area of social and environmental accountability and reporting, and between 1997 and 2003 he was Chairperson of the Triple Bottom Line Issues Group of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in Australia. He has been the recipient of various teaching and research awards, including teaching prizes sponsored by KPMG, and the Institute of Chartered Accountants in Australia. In July 1998 he was the recipient of the Peter Brownell Manuscript Award, an annual research award presented by the Accounting Association of Australia and New Zealand (now known as the Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand). In 1998 he was also awarded the University of Southern Queensland Individual Award for Research Excellence.Craig is also the author of the leading financial accounting theory textbook, Financial Accounting Theory, which is widely used throughout Australia as well as a number of other countries such as the UK, US, The Netherlands and South Korea.
Contributor: Anne Marie Ward
Imprint: McGraw Hill Higher Education
Packaged Dimensions: 195x263x47mm
Packaged Weight: 1813
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education - Europe
Biography: Dr. Anne Marie Ward is a Professor of Accounting in the Department of Accounting, Finance and Economics at the University of Ulster at Jordanstown, Northern Ireland. She is also a qualified Chartered Accountant. Craig Deegan, BCom (University of NSW), MCom (Hons) (University of NSW), PhD (University of Queensland), FCA, is Professor of Accounting at RMIT University in Melbourne. Prior to this appointment, and between 1996 and 2001, he was Professor of Accounting and Faculty Director of Research and Research Higher Degrees at the University of Southern Queensland. He has taught at Australian universities for two decades in both undergraduate and postgraduate courses, and has presented lecturers internationally, including in New Zealand, the United States, France, England, Wales, Scotland, Malaysia, Singapore, South Africa, South Korea and China.Prior to his time in the university sector, Craig worked as a chartered accountant in practice. He is an active researcher with numerous publications in Australian and international professional and academic journals (any NZ ones, and he regularly provides consulting services to corporations, government, and industry bodies. Craigs main research interests are in the area of social and environmental accountability and reporting, and between 1997 and 2003 he was Chairperson of the Triple Bottom Line Issues Group of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in Australia. He has been the recipient of various teaching and research awards, including teaching prizes sponsored by KPMG, and the Institute of Chartered Accountants in Australia. In July 1998 he was the recipient of the Peter Brownell Manuscript Award, an annual research award presented by the Accounting Association of Australia and New Zealand (now known as the Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand). In 1998 he was also awarded the University of Southern Queensland Individual Award for Research Excellence.Craig is also the author of the leading financial accounting theory textbook, Financial Accounting Theory, which is widely used throughout Australia as well as a number of other countries such as the UK, US, The Netherlands and South Korea.
Anne Marie Ward
https://www.whsmith.co.uk/products/financial-accounting-and-reporting-an-international-approach-european-ed/anne-marie-ward/craig-deegan/paperback/9780077121716.html £52.19 rrp £57.99 Save £5.80 (10%)
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Fellowship/Scholarship
John A. Payton was the sixth president and director-counsel of the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, Inc. (LDF), the nation's preeminent civil rights and racial justice law firm. Prior to joining LDF, John was a partner of Wilmer Cutler Pickering LLP and, later, the combined Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr LLP (WilmerHale) for more than ten years. A brilliant litigator, John dedicated his life to justice, equality and opportunity until he died suddenly on March 22, 2012 after a brief illness. Upon his passing, President Barack Obama remembered John as a “legend” and “a true champion of equality,” whose “courage and fierce opposition to discrimination in all its forms” would never be forgotten.
WilmerHale and LDF honor John's enduring legacy through the creation of the John A. Payton Summer Associate Fellowship, which provides two summer associates in WilmerHale's Boston, New York or Washington DC offices with the opportunity to spend a minimum of seven weeks at the firm and five weeks in LDF's New York or DC office.
Prior to joining LDF and guiding the organization to resounding legal victories, John spent the bulk of his career in private practice in WilmerHale's DC office, where he was an advocate for pro bono service. John demonstrated his signature brilliance when he served as lead counsel for the University of Michigan, defending its affirmative action policy, in Gratz v. Bollinger. John handled this extraordinarily important and high-profile case in the trial court, court of appeals and in his argument before the US Supreme Court. The Court's decision in the landmark companion case, Grutter v. Bollinger—upholding race-conscious admissions in higher education—represented the vindication of the strategy that John devised and implemented across more than six years litigating Gratz to support the educational benefits of diversity.
Read about WilmerHale's first Payton Fellow, Lake Concetta Coreth. And hear recent Payton Fellow, Ayana Williams, describe her experience.
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Springsteen's son sworn in as Jersey City firefighter
26-year-old Sam Springsteen was sworn in -- along with a new class of firefighters-- on Tuesday (Source CNN)
By CNN |
Posted: Wed 2:40 PM, Jan 15, 2020
CNN (CNN VAN) Bruce Springsteen's son is now a New Jersey firefighter.
26-year-old Sam Springsteen was sworn in -- along with a new class of firefighters-- on Tuesday
"The Boss" was at the ceremony in Jersey City, proudly watching his son take the oath.
Sam is the youngest of Bruce Springsteen's three children.
He graduated from the Monmouth County Fire Department in 2014.
Since then, he's served as a volunteer firefighter with three different departments.
Bruce Springsteen said, "It was a long road, he's very dedicated, quite a few years and we are just excited."
None of Springsteen's children followed him into show business.
Sam even avoided the spotlight Tuesday, telling reporters who asked him for comment that he would pass because he didn't have much to say.
Copyright 2020 CNN and WILX. All rights reserved.
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Webinar on Career Transitions Draws Nearly 1,000 Attendees and Sparks a Conversation About How to Adapt to Unexpected Career and Life Challenges
posted by Amy Armitage | 25sc
“The lives we lead are rarely as streamlined as we thought they’d be when we graduated, or what we present to the world,” said Jennifer Ebisemiju Madar ’88 who organized and led a January webinar on career transitions that drew nearly 1,200 registrants and nearly 1,000 attendees.
Indeed, the six panelists who joined Madar shared stories and insights far richer and dynamic: of unexpected career and life challenges, and the consequent need for self-discovery, resilience, learning, adaption, and reinvention.
A partnership between YAA’s flagship Careers, Life, and Yale program and YaleWomen, the hour-long webinar was designed to address specific career challenges such as returning to work, switching careers, and job loss. But the broader life stories proved equally illuminating.
“We worked hard to create a relevant and appealing program, with a storytelling format. But we never dreamed that 1,200 Yalies would want to join in,” said Madar, a member of the YAA Board of Governors and vice chair of YaleWomen. “And it’s exciting to know that hundreds or thousands more will be able to watch this webinar and others like it in the future.”
Opening panelist Catharine Gately ’89 traced her journey through a career in journalism, motherhood, and, then, a self-described “midlife crisis” while living in Seattle. “I had to dig deep to figure out what I was going to do next,” she explained. Now heading a company that helps businesses create narratives through storytelling, she stressed the importance of reaching out to others for help, while finding one’s own authentic story and “pushing through the fear.” She described a process of “getting comfortable with what I value, who I am, what I love to do, and what the world needs.” Often this process can begin with a strength assessment and becoming familiar with online tools to get work in the gig economy.
“It can be tremendously scary,” confirmed Katy Kincade ’85, who launched a whole new career as a costume designer after raising her children and returning to art school. “Be aware of what a life-changer kids are,” Kincade advised younger members of the audience, and “work through what you need to be happy.” She cautioned her audience that it is “really hard to make major structural changes in your life” such as a different family situation or a move to a new city. These bigger changes often require the support of others, including professional help. “But even if you are in a little rut, do what you can to get out of it.”
“Everybody told me I could have it all and do it all, and I found out I couldn’t,” acknowledged Cristina Thais Vittoria ’93, who left a successful New York magazine career to raise her children in Connecticut. Now vice president of development at Boys and Girls Club of Greenwich, Vittoria leveraged her community volunteer work and skills back into paid work. “When you are looking to go back, talk to people,” she advised. “Network with a passion. Tailor your resume and be flexible.” And finally, she advised, “Don’t under-estimate the skills you have developed while taking time off from paid work.”
“I never thought I would encounter the struggles,” acknowledged Wendy Maldonado D’Amico ’93, who described her journey, growing up as undocumented child, through Yale College, the Harvard Kennedy School, the MIT Sloan School of Management, jobs, and job loss. “When I got into Yale, my mother thought I won the Willy Wonka ticket.” But the wrong job, work environment, and people around you can take its toll. “A valuable lesson is learning where you don’t belong and then finding your people and the values you share with them,” she said. “Learn to play to your strengths and what you do well,” And finally, “get help when you need it if you find your mind and spirit are broken.”
Resilience and identifying one's unique strengths was a common theme among the panelists. “Nearly every profession is undergoing rapid change,” noted Amy Armitage ’86 MBA, founder of Nexus Peer Groups and a member of the YaleWomen Governing Council. “Career transitions are not just for those who are unemployed or otherwise out of work. Career transitions are the new normal.”
“You need to define success on your own terms,” said Yale SOM career coach Cindy Cornell, who explained that success looks different for each of us. “Set your intention and then live by it. Set the vision you are excited about, prioritize yourself, and keep moving.”
“That steadiness that we might have expected doesn’t exist in the world anymore,” Cornell said. “It is up to us to understand that we need to reinvent ourselves consistently as the world is reinventing itself.” We need ask, “In what ways can I be relevant today?” And as Armitage stated, “Your impact is ultimately about identifying the problems that you – uniquely – can and want to solve,” said Armitage. “To be a leader, you must act into the opportunity.”
The webinar generated quite a bit of excitement and engagement among alums, starting with a lively “in the moment” discussion that inspired the formation of several online communities, the establishment of new friendships, and the setting of new personal and professional goals. YaleWomen and YAA will also use suggestions from webinar participants to inform their programming going forward.
To view the webinar and the career transitions resource list, visit the YaleWomen website at www.yalewomen.org/yalewomen_webinars.
-- Amy Armitage ’86 MBA
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Natural habitats
Geological formations
Nationally valuable landscapes
National landscapes
International Landscape Day
Landscapes are an integral part of local identities, everyday lives and the wellbeing of people. Landscapes are formed by interaction between humans and nature, which makes them bearers of historical and cultural values. There are many traditions of researching, classifying and evaluating landscapes in Finland. The most important regulations promoting landscape protection are included in the Nature Conservation Act and the Land Use and Building Act.
Rural landscape in south-west Finland. © Riku Lumiaro.
There are 156 areas in Finland that have been classified as nationally valuable landscapes. They represent the cultural landscapes of our country, and their value is based on culturally significant natural diversity, cultivated agricultural landscapes and traditional architecture. The areas were selected with a decision-in-principle by the Government in 1995. A new inventory of the areas in in progress.
Areas can be designated as landscape conservation areas under Finland’s Nature Conservation Act. The aim of landscape conservation areas is to cherish natural and cultural landscapes and the historical features particular to the region. The areas are founded in close cooperation with local actors, such as village associations and municipalities.
Built heritage and cultural environment
The Ministry of the Environment has surveyed cultural landscapes that have been shaped by the traditional ways of using land. Often, these areas have ecological significance as well, as they function as biotopes. Traditional rural biotopes are ecologically unique, and their disappearance threatens the natural habitats of a wide range of flora and fauna.
Traditional biotopes are culturally affected areas of nature, such as various types of meadowland, moorland and wooded pastures. For the most part, they have been formed by mowing and grazing. The overall area covered by traditional biotopes has declined rapidly due to drastic changes in farming practices and new production methods. Traditional rural biotopes are protected by landscape conservation projects and supportive actions aimed at cherishing traditional agricultural landscapes.
Built cultural heritage includes historical buildings, early industrial and transportation structures, landscapes affected by gardening and archaeological remains.
The updated inventory of built cultural landscapes in Finland was completed in 2009, when the National Board of Antiquities designated over 1,400 areas as nationally important cultural historical environments. The inventory of built cultural environments is based on the Land Use and Building Act, and it is used in the new landscape inventory currently in progress.
National urban parks can be designated under the Land Use and Building Act. In the parks, valuable cultural environments and urban nature become part of the daily lives and recreation of people, following the principles of sustainable urban planning. National urban parks include nationally important areas, but also areas with more ordinary public images. Propositions to designate areas as urban parks are made by cities or municipalities, and the designation decisions are made by the Ministry of the Environment.
In 1994, the Ministry of the Environment celebrated Finland’s 75 years of independence by selecting 27 National Landscapes. The selected landscapes are culturally and historically important and they represent the history of Finnish livelihoods and the particular features of the regions. Landscapes that have left their mark on Finnish identity and the image of Finnish nature were also included.
A Tribute to Everyday Landscapes 2018-08-14
The #arkimaisema photography campaign of the Ministry of the Environment and The Finnish Environment Institute challenges people to take a look at their own everyday landscape with new eyes.
natural heritage,
landscape,
landscape management,
landscape conservation,
Cultural environment and built heritage
Changing countryside
Welcome to explore the Finnish agricultural landscape!
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Will Smith Admits He Was Jealous Of Jada Pinkett's Relationship With 2Pac
posted by Peyton Blakemore - Jan 14, 2020
Jada Pinkett Smith has long spoken about her close friendship with late rapper Tupac Shakur. However, the Red Table Talk show host's husband Will Smith has rarely shared his opinion on their deep connection. That is until a recent interview on The Breakfast Club when the Bad Boys For Life actor spoke to Charlamagne tha God, Angela Yee, and DJ Envy about not being "man enough" to handle Jada and 2Pac's relationship.
When asked if he had ever been jealous of the love his wife had for the legendary rapper, Will responded, “Oh f**k yeah. Oh my God.” He added, “That was in the early days and it was like, that was a big regret for me, too, because I could never open up to interact with Pac.”
Will went on to explain that he and Tupac “had a little bit of a thing” over their love for Jada, who met 2Pac on her first day of high school in Baltimore and maintained a very close friendship with him until she walked away from their friendship when she felt his life was becoming too dangerous. “They grew up together and they loved each other but they never had a sexual relationship but they had come into that age where now it was a possibility and then Jada was with me,” Will said. “Pac had a little thing on that but she just loved him, like he was the image of perfection, but she was with the Fresh Prince. So, I never could, we were in the room together a couple of times, I couldn’t speak to him, and he wasn’t going to speak to me if I wasn’t going to speak to him.”
Charlamagne then expressed his surprise in their lack of communication, saying, “Really? It seems like y’all would have so much in common.”
“That’s what Jada would say all the time: ‘I’m telling you, y’all are so similar, you would love him,'" Will recalled. “And I just never… that was a huge regret of mine, I couldn’t handle it.”
“I was the soft rapper from Philly and he was Pac,” he continued. “I was deeply, deeply insecure and I wasn’t man enough to handle that relationship."
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Rides and Touring »
Ride Reports »
Introduction to Long Distance Riding.
Author Topic: Introduction to Long Distance Riding. (Read 2103 times)
Not a ride report, but an attempt to organise some of the history of long distance riding. Partly to fit the footage I've got. Covers much of the same ground as the AUK handbook and Dave Minter's effort. Comments welcomed.
1,200 kilometres in 90 hours, on a bicycle. You’ll be lucky to snatch a few hours sleep on each of four nights. Madness, surely. The province of the young, fit and slightly unhinged. Well no, it’s Paris Brest Paris, a cycling event with a pedigree of over a century and 5,000 participants of all ages over 18.
Big rides are getting more popular all the time, there were two in Europe over the Summer, a 1,500 km ride around Germany, the Hamburg-Berlin-Cologne-Hamburg and a One Thousand mile ride in Italy called the Mille Miglia. These events draw on the tradition of Paris Brest Paris, which is the pinnacle of a certain way of riding a bike.
On 23 May 1891 the first Bordeaux-Paris cycle race was held, the organisers had expected it to last a couple of days and had laid on beds and meals for the riders, George Pilkington-Mills won the event in 26 hours, on a diet that included a lot of strawberries. Bordeaux-Paris was a pivotal event, it led to Paris-Brest-Paris and then to the Tour de France via the work of Henri Desgrange. But the path to Mills’ victory led from a world that pretty much stayed the same.
Mills was a member of the Anfield Cycling Club and later the North Road Cycling Club. As early as 1886 he rode a penny-farthing from Lands End to John O Groats in Five Days 10 hours, a record that still stands. In the same year he set a record for 24 hours at 259 miles in the North Roads Road Ride.
Mass start road racing has always been problematic in England, so competitive cycling depended on ruses that made it plausible to deny that any racing was taking place at all. There were handicap races that were designed to finish in a concerted sprint, time trials, where cyclist rode alone and place-to-place records. When I say alone, that is not strictly true, as pacers were allowed, putting the early records into a different light.
In Italy and France, this pacing aspect of cycling became formalised as ‘Audax’, groups of riders would undertake challenging rides in a formalised way, with a captain setting a constant pace, this enabled large distances to be covered, while allowing meal breaks and rest stops. A tradition was established which persists to this day as Euraudax.
In France the PBP had lost its place as the premier cycling race to the Tour de France, it was staged every 10 years and it was hard to train for such a long race while riding the other events in the calendar. From the beginning in 1891 there had been a division between racers and keen amateurs, in 1931 Audax Club Parisien, ACP for short, was given control of the randonneurs, as they were known. PBP continued as a calendared race until 1951. ACP developed a style of riding called ‘allure libre’, riders covered long distances at their own pace, but had to visit checkpoints called controles, between specified times.
In Britain, club cyclists followed a set pattern. Early in the season short time trials were ridden and increasing distances were covered as the year progressed, culminating in a 12 hour. In the off season the club dinner saw medals handed out for the winners at the distances, 10, 25, 30, 50, 100 miles and 12 hours, and for those who had reached a certain standard.
The 24 hours stood slightly apart, it had to be run in June or July, to use available daylight and preferably at the full moon. Few riders wanted to train exclusively for an event that might compromise their other aims for their season and it took a lot of effort to stage, so there were two main events, the Mersey Roads and the North Road. These were the successor events to those ridden in the 1880s by George Pilkington Mills and his rivals. Those who rode them split into serious contenders for a win and those who were doing it because it was there: a personal challenge.
There was another strand of long distance riding which came under the umbrella of the Cyclists Touring Club, like Euraudax, distances were covered at set speeds ranging from 50 miles in three and a half hours to 240 miles in 24 hours. Whereas the 24 hour time trials took place on roads chosen for speed, the CTC events were held over minor roads and riders needed to understand a route sheet.
In the 1960s Paris Brest Paris was stagnating, numbers fell from over 500 in 1951 and only rose above that level in 1971, by which time British riders started to take an interest. The early British riders were well known individuals who could show they could finish through their 24 hour rides, or rode ACP events in France.
In 1975 qualification for PBP was via completion of a 600 km ride under ACP rules.
In 1976 Audax UK was established to organise qualifying rides for PBP. Events such as the London Marathon in the 1980s raised the profile of the challenge of distance, leading to a ten-fold increase in PBP participants between 1971 and 2007.
The structure of PBP today reflects the three cornered origins of the riders who historically did it. There is a group which does it in under 80 hours called the Vedettes, one called the Randonneurs who take less than 84 hours and the Touristes who have 90 hours to do the ride. The bulk of the organisation is done by the FFCT, the French equivalent of the Cyclists Touring Club, the qualifying rides are also organised by volunteers, Audax UK members in Britain, the 24 Hours is also a volunteer run event, which is financed by subscription. I doubt whether long distance events could be staged on a commercial basis. It’s not unknown to have more helpers than participants. So it’s more of a partnership than a transaction riding them, which is quite refreshing, but can be frustrating if you are used to consistent standards. What it does mean is that the heroes of sport are accessible, as you are quite likely to meet a National 24 Hour Champion riding an Audax. The spirit of George Pilkington Mills lives on in figures like John Warnock, Andy Wilkinson, Gethin Butler, Lynne Taylor and Marina Bloom. But don’t think that the presence of these elite athletes makes these events exclusive, they all want you to give it a go yourself and see just how far you can get.
LittleWheelsandBig
Whimsy Rider
Re: Introduction to Long Distance Riding.
Nicely done, just a few nitpicking points that you may want to include. They don't actually change the thrust of your article.
- George Pilkington Mills, no hyphen History
- It might be worthwhile mentioning when paced racing on English roads was superseded by time trialling.
- 'Allure libre' randonneuring was developed by the ACP in 1921.
- The 1891 PBP only had one division, 1901, 1911 and 1921 PBP races had professional and amateur classifications. The 1931 PBP replaced the amateur race with Randonneur and Audax brevets. The professional race continued till 1951.
Travelling to France to qualify for early PBPs was too expensive for the majority of AUK's founders and very few did, hence the need for British qualifiers. I understand that most of the early British PBPers weren't that well-known as racers (Harry Aspden as a racer and journalist being an exception) or as hard-riding CTCers. Barry Parslow mainly drifted between the Willesden and Marlboro Athletic clubs and it might be worthwhile chatting to Barry for more background on the early years of AUK.
Early British Reliability Rides or Standard Rides were held on the main A roads and so didn't need too much map-reading but I agree that in the last 30-40 years, they've drifted onto minor lanes.
Wheel meet again, don't know where, don't know when...
I remember meeting Harry Aspen at a Dover Fellowship meeting more than 20 years ago. An old friend of my father's.
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Posts Tagged ‘Sea Queen’
“A Pocket Full of Rocks Bring Home”
From the Daily Sanduskian
Our readers will perceive that we publish a letter from California, for which we are indebted to James Belden, Esq. It is from his son Robert H., who belongs to the Marsfield company. We are glad to learn that he has reached the “land of promise” in safety, and hope he will
“A pocket-full of rocks bring home.”
LETTER FROM CALIFORNIA.
SAN FRANCISCO, June 4, 1849.
Dear Parents:
At last, after all my trouble, vexation, hard living and detention I am here at the grand emporium and head quarters of the El Dorado. — But I will commence back a short time. We left Panama in the steamship Panama, at one o’clock on the morning of the 18th of May. —
For the first two or three days the weather was very warm and the sea almost a dead calm — we suffered greatly from heat. After that we had the land and sea breezes which made it much wore pleasant. At night I would swing my hammock on deck in the open air and sleep as sweetly and soundly as if I were in a luxurious bed in the open air. As we worked our way up the coast the winds became heavier and when in the vicinity of Mazatlan, in Mexico, we fell in with a small schooner in distress, out of water, and one half of those on board had the scurvy. It was a distressing scene. We relieved their necessities as much as possible and went on.
The last three days before our arrival here, was very stormy and we began to run short of fuel. The captain ordered every spare spar burnt and soon every thing combustible was in requisition. The last night out, the passengers in the lower forward cabin were turned out of their berths which were all burned at five o’clock. The morning of the 4th, we entered the bay of San Francisco with scarcely fuel sufficient to propel her to her anchorage, and at six o’clock she dropped her anchor at a cable’s length from a U.S. sloop of war.
The ship we came in is a fine vessel and a good sea boat, with good accommodations for one hundred and fifty passengers but she was crammed with over three hundred which crowded us very much, and consequently we were very uncomfortable. Our food was rice, beans, salt pork, beef and once a week we had what sailors call duff, and on shore we call plum pudding — this food would have been good but the beans and rice was usually musty and burnt, and the pork and beef rusty. We had to wash in salt water and the fresh water to drink was horrible. We had no table set and in fact lived like a parcel of brutes, but all this we could and did stand first rate and arrived here in most perfect health.
You have seen and heard so many descriptions of this place that it is useless for me to particularise; I will say however that it is very windy and unpleasant at this time, and they say it is a fair specimen of the weather. I am much disappointed in this, but the moment we get back from the coast it is delightful, as fine as could be asked for. As soon as I could get on shore I found Henry D. Cooke — he was very glad to see me and has been of much benefit by his advice and introductions. We have pitched our tent in the town and are living first rate, still every thing we have to buy is enormously high. Wages are high. A laborer gets ten dollars per day and mechanics as high as twenty dollars per day, of course other thing, are in proportion; for example I saw a small room about 12 by 18 which rents for $1,000, and a moderate two story house which at home would cost perhaps $1,500 or $2,000 to build, rents for $100,000 per anum.
We shall start for the gold mines to-morrow in a small vessel, in which we will go to Sutter’s Fort, and from there by land until we stop to dig. And by the next steamer I will be able to advise you by my own experience as to the gold. There are reports here of different kinds, as to the gold found, trouble with the Indians, and the San Joachim river, &c., &c., but we pay little attention to them. We shall go north of the Indians. They lie so much about the gold it is impossible to tell anything from reports. I think the prospects are favorable and so do my friends, but my sheet is exhausted.
The Daily Sanduskian (Sandusky, Ohio) Aug 27, 1849
Chagres (Image from http://www.maritimeheritage.org)
Extract of a letter from Henry D. Cooke of this city, on his way to California, to one of the editors of this paper, dated
PANAMA, Dec. 1st, 1849.
My Dear Friend;
Here I am again in Panama, the venerable “city of the past;” a city once of opulence, splendor and magnificence, but now, alas! in its decayed grandeur, its own epitaphic record of its former glory. Here I am, in the midst of broken shrines, crumbling cathedrals, all gray and moss-grown, decaying palaces, once brilliant with beauty and taste, and gay with the festive song, now deserted and cheerless. —
Here am I, in a word, (to drop down into prose reality,) here am I in a large, antiquated room of one of these whilome palaces, now converted into a hotel, kept by a Frenchamn, seated at a rickety, greasy table, writing by the feeble, flickering light of a miserably lean and dyspeptic-looking tallow candle; my door thrown open upon the balcony, to admit the cool and fragrant night air, while I can gaze out upon the moonlit and crumbling edifices. But hark! The charm and romance of this once queen of the Pacific is now gone forever, for a large party of Americans in an adjoing square are awaking the echoes and the turkey-buzzards, with
“Oh Susannah don’t you cry for me,
I’m bound to California, with my tin-pan on my knee!”
There are now on the Isthmus eighteen hundred and fifty Americans bound to California — more than the steamers can take away in four months. — Still there are fresh arrivals every month, averaging, say seven hundred per month. I took passage in the “Crescent City” from New York, which steamer arrived at Chagres one night in advance of the Alabama from New Orleans, and four days before the Ohio’s passengers who were transferred on board the Falcon at Havana. The three steamers had on board in all one thousand and fifty passengers. This will give you an idea of the rush of Americans across the Isthmus. Three gentlemen, and I, were first of all these to reach Panama.
Here we found over seven hundred Americans waiting opportunities for getting up to California. Many of them have been here one, two and three months, without being able to get away. It is estimated that there are now on the Isthmus nearly a thousand persons, who have no tickets for the steamers. Sailing vessels, however, are leaving every week or ten days. The passage in these is long and tedious, and they are always very much crowded. Yet no sooner, are they filled, and about to sail, than their tickets at once command two or three times their original cost.
I heard today of a steerage ticket in the ship “Sea Queen,” which cost $175 being re-sold for $380. Steerage tickets on board the steamer “Panama,” which cost in New York $150 are selling at five and six hundred dollars! For a cabin ticket on the same steamer, for which I paid in New York three hundred dollars, I have been offered nine hundred! Of course I would not sell it, but if I had chosen to do so I have no doubt I might have got a thousand dollars for it. Yet notwithstanding these high prices, there are many poor fellows who have been here so long that they couldn’t give fifty dollars for a ticket, for their means are exhausted by their long detention here. —
There is in consequence, much suffering, some sickness, a good deal of desperation, more gambling and occasional deaths. How many hast thou ruined, oh, lucre! We found the river from Chagres to Cruces, uncommonly high, and the roads from Cruces to this city, owing to the severe rains of the past four months, were almost impassable; and notwithstanding we made all possible haste in crossing, four days were consumed. Some are just arriving; having been seven days on the road. We met on the road several passengers from the “Panama,” just arrived from San Francisco.
Among them I met several friends and acquaintances. They gave incouraging accounts of the state of affairs there — which were sufficiently confirmed by the large amount of gold — (over a million and a quarter) of the monthly remittance. Mr. Wilson, ex-consul, told me that according to his advices from California, the amount next month, would be still larger. This of course will keep up the excitement; and how they are to get away from this place as fast as they arrive is difficult to say.
I arrived here on the day of the sailing of the English steamer for Valparaiso, and met Robert Belden, just as he was leaving the hotel with his baggage to go on board. It was mutually an agreeable surprise — for he was just from San Francisco, bound to Valparaiso on business, and had much late news to give me, while I had letters for him from his friends in Sandusky. We had an hour’s chat together, and he was then obliged to hurry off on board the steamer. He was looking very well, and has been “doing wonders” in California, having succeeded beyond all anticipation. —
Messrs. McKnight, Stewart E. Bell, H.U. Jennings, and the other Sanduskians were all well when he left, and all making money as rapidly as could be desired.
The Daily Sanduskian (Sandusky, Ohio) Jan 4, 1850
Robert H. Belden left again for California last evening on board the steamer America. He does not speak very favorably of San Francisco, in many points of view, although he has been very successful there. He says he would not live there [ten] years if he could make a million of dollars a year.
The Daily Sanduskian (Sandusky, Ohio) Mar 30, 1850
San Francisco Fire (Image from http://www.sfmuseum.org)
SAN FRANCISCO ENTERPRISE.
The following is an extract of a letter from Mr. Robert H. Belden, formerly of this city, to his father:
SAN FRANCISCO, May 29, 1850.
On the 1st of this month, I left Panama in the fine steamship Oregon, Capt. Patterson. We had a fine passage. Our ship was clean, orderly, and the staterooms pleasant. Our table was fine, as good or better than I expected, with my former experience in Howland & Aspinwall’s steamers in the Pacific. —
We had a fine pleasant cabin full of passengers, among whom were some ten ladies. They of course made every thing more pleasant, and our gentlemanly captain did all in his power to make the time pass as agreeably as possible for his passengers.
On our arrival at San Diego, which is in California, five hundred miles south of this city, we learned that San Francisco had again been visited by a terrible fire. On the morning of the 4th of this month, at about four o’clock, the fire broke out, and burned until seven, consuming over four hundred buildings. The loss is estimated at five millions of dollars. —
Thus, in the short space of three hours, was the best and fairest part of this city destroyed, and hundreds of persons who the night previous retired to off, and doing a fine business, were awakened in the morning to the sad reality that in a moment as it were, they were stripped of every thing, and wholly ruined.
We were among the sufferers. The building which we erected last September (of which I sent you a plan) at a cost of twenty thousand dollars in case, was entirely consumed, with all the contents, excepting our books and papers, which we succeeded in preserving. The buildings of all our tenants on the same property, were also burned, leaving the entire lots one hundred and thirty-eight on Clay and sixty-nine feet on Montgomery streets, (you will recognise this as the Davis property in my plan,) entirely cleared off by fire.
Image from http://www.zpub.com
* Link to a larger view of the map: HERE
As you can readily imagine, this was very unpleasant news to reach me as I neared my home. — However, as I am something of a philosopher, and act upon the principle of “not crying for spilt milk,” I did not grieve much, or sleep less, on account of my loss.
We arrived here on the morning of the 20th, and I immediately repaired to the scene of the fire, and found, to my surprise, our property entirely covered with buuildings, and all occupied, expepting the corner, where my partner had nearly completed a large two story building, for ourselves and Messrs. Harris & Panton, which we have now completed, and are occupying. So you will see that in less than two weeks from the morning of the fire, ten respectable two story stores were erected on our lots which were burned over.
Our property on the opposite corner was not injured by the fire. Our old friend, Henry D. Cooke, Esq., is one of our tenants, having an office there. — The most of the burnt district has been re-built, but we are in dread continually of another fire, several attempts having already been made to fire the city in different places; but the vigilance of the police has so far defeated the object.
The Daily Sanduskian (Sandusky, Ohio) Jul 12, 1850
The Virtual Museum of the City of San Francisco has this:
Six months later, on May 4, 1850, the second great fire occurred. It began at 4 o’clock in the morning and by 11 o’clock three blocks of the most valuable buildings in the City had been destroyed, with an attendant loss of property estimated to be $4,000,000.
It was supposed to have been of incendiary origin. Several persons were arrested, but no formal trial took place.
You can read about the other three San Francisco fires at the link as well.
“RETURNED TO THE STATES.”
It seems that the California people can yet hardly realize that they are in the United States. The editor of the California Courier, in announcing the dissolution of the firm of VanDyke & Belden, says that Mr. VanDyke “finding that the climate did not agree with his constitution, under medical advice, he has returned permanently to the states,” just as if he was out of them. The paper adds that he carries a snug pile with him, amply sufficient for a life of east “in the states.”
R.H. Belden, his late partner, is authorized to close the concern.
Tags:1849, 1850, 1851, California, California Gold Rush, Chagres, Crescent City steamer, H.U. Jennings, Harris, Henry D. Cooke, James Belden, Orlando McKniight, Panama, Panama steamship, Panton, Robert H. Belden, San Francisco CA, San Francisco Fire, Sandusky OH, Sea Queen, Stewart E. Bell, VanDyke
Posted in Business, Education, Genealogy, Gold Rush, Lifestyles, Occupations | 3 Comments »
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