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Historic Places with Elsa Sevilla: California's History
The First People of the Kumeyaay Nation
The First People of the Kumeyaay Nation have lived in the region for 12-thousand years and beyond, yet we still have a lot to learn about their civilization. They are resourceful, sophisticated, and they live in a complex society. Learn more about their culture on this episode of Historic Places with Elsa Sevilla.
Season 1 Episode 06/13/2019
Exploring Presidio Hill
Discover why Presidio Hill near Old Town is nicknamed “San Diego’s Lost City”.
The Kumeyaay Perspective
The First People of the Kumeyaay share their historical perspectives.
Examining the complex society of the First People.
California's Missions
Learn about the impact Spanish colonization had on the First Peoples.
Life in the Royal Presidio
Explore what life was like in the San Diego Royal Presidio after 1769.
After living in harmony for thousands of years, change is coming.
Government and Family Structures
Learn about the First Peoples' government and family structures.
Who Were The First Peoples?
Learn the early spiritual practices of the Indigenous People of the Kumeyaay Nation.
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The 8th London Korean Film Festival: Hope (Wish)
How much love, understanding and commitment is needed for parents to overcome a horrendous incident that happens to their child? Can the family stick together against all odds? Hope (Wish), directed by Lee Joon-ik, is set in a rural South Korean town and focuses on the story of the 8 year old girl, So-won (Lee Re), who is brutally attacked while walking to school. It seems that the town which the family lives in is safe. Children play around without parental supervision and walk to school by themselves. It all soon changes when, on one rainy morning, So-won is sent to school on her own. Before leaving, she is asked by her mother, Mi-hee (Uhm Ji- won) not to take a shortcut but to stay on the main road. The girl, worrying about being late to classes, decides to take the street Mi-hee was strongly opposed to. Unexpectedly, So-won is approached by a drunk and rusty looking middle-aged man. A terrifying thing happens, the child is violently attacked. Left for dead, So-Won manages to call 911 and asks for help. Her parents are informed and rushed to hospital where the girl is being treated. Shocked, speechless and petrified by the incident they manage to face So-won. While in hospital, the girl’s father Dong-hoon (Sol Kyung-gu) is told that his daughter will be permanently disabled.
An investigation begins and police finds fingerprints which lead them to an ex- con living in the same town as the family. However, it’s not enough for the man to be arrested. Defectives seek the parents’ permission to interview So-won, hoping she would recognize the attacker’s face. A psychiatrist, Jong-sook (Kim Hae-sook) is called in to interview the girl. So-won bravely nods to all the questions and manages to identify the criminal. With her testimony police arrests the man. The healing process commences, even with the media storming every corner of the hospital. Jong-sook slowly encourages So-won to talk. Thanks to the doctor’s unconventional ways, such as dressing up the girl’s mum as the CoCoMong character, the girl, step by step, gets back to normal. So-won communicates easily with her mother and Jong-sook. However, she refuses to have a direct contact with her father. Frustrated and hurt Dong-hoon becomes CoCoMong hoping to get close to his young daughter. Days pass by and the family returns home and re-establishes their daily routines with the girl going back to school and with the mother expecting a second child.
After a while the police contacts the family with new details regarding the assault on the girl. The court sets a date for a trial, however, So-won must testify again. How much more will she be able to bare? How about the family and the town community? Will justice prevail?
Hope (Wish) was definitely one of my favorite films at this year’s London Korean Film Festival. The story was very well written, leaving no gaps in the script. The film was partly based on a real life event that occurred in Korea in 2008 and shocked the entire nation. The film itself faced negative reaction due to the subject matter. However, as Lee joon-ik said, he didn’t want to make a movie about the horrific crime that child rape is, but a film about a family’s struggle and suffering. He wanted to paint a portrait of a family that deals with the aftermath of the attack.
The director drew on the amazing acting talent of the cast including: already well established, Sol Kyung-gu, who creates incredibly interesting and engaging performances, the fabulous Uhm Ji-won and an unexpected talent of Lee Re – her portrayal of So-won was mesmerizing. Even though the film is heartbreaking and makes you angry, it also makes you think that there is always hope no matter what. It may sound cliche. but having hope has never harmed anyone before. It is a must see production! Purchase some tissues before watching the film.
This review was originally posted in November 18, 2013 on http://www.viewofthearts.com
All photos © Lotte Entertainment
Previous Post The 57th BFI London Film Festival: Nobody’s Daughter Haewon
Next Post The 8th London Korean Film Festival: Secretly, Greatly Review
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Crowd Goes Crazy For Sarah At Trump Rally [VIDEO]
An excited crowd erupted in applause and chanted “Sarah! Sarah! Sarah!” when President Donald Trump called his former press secretary, Sarah Sanders, to the stage during his Tuesday night campaign kick-off rally in Orlando, Florida.
“By the way, by the way, a woman who has been so good, so talented, so wonderful and we are sort of going to be losing her,” Trump told the crowd before speculating about Sanders’ future electoral possibilities.
The Daily Caller Reports:
“I feel she’ll be running for a certain gubernatorial position. Don’t worry, Ron,” Trump said, speaking to Florida’s current governor, Ron DeSantis. “It will not be Florida. It won’t be Florida, I promise you Casey. She’d be tough, right? A woman who’s a special woman, and her father, by the way, he’s out there fighting for us all the time, Sarah Huckabee Sanders.”
The crowd erupted in cheers and applause as Sanders made her way to the stage.
“Thank you, Mr. President,” she said to continued cheers. “Thank you, Mr. President.”
“Sarah! Sarah! Sarah!” the crowd chanted.
“This has been truly the honor of a lifetime and one of the most incredible experiences anybody could ever imagine,” Sanders said when the crowd finally quieted down. “And that’s because I’ve had the chance to be on the front row of history and watch you drastically change our country for the better.”
You’ve made America great and you’re gonna continue to make America great. I couldn’t be prouder to be part of your team. I’m gonna go spent a little bit of time with my kids, but no one will be a stronger voice and a more fierce advocate for this president, because he’s fighting for all of the people in this room and for all of the people that you represent all over the country, and he’s gonna have an incredible six more years to make our country as strong as it’s ever been. Thank you Mr. President.
“We are going to miss her,” Trump said as the crowd cheered. “Thank you, Sarah. Incredible. A warrior.”
Sanders resigned her post early this week, citing her desire to spend more time with her family. Trump himself expressed his hope that she would run for the governorship of Arkansas, a position her father, Mike Huckabee, once held.
From The Daily Caller
← AWESOME! Hannity Offers Matt Gaetz The Opportunity To Host His Show: ‘Nobody Watches You’ on ‘Fake News CNN’ [VIDEO] ← Mike Pence Trashes Democrats Over Border Crisis: “Mexico has done more to secure our border in the last ten days…” [VIDEO]
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TRANS/gressive: How Transgender Activists Took on Gay Rights, Feminism, the Media and Congress… and Won!
Aug 1, 2017 | 2017 Summer, Books |
By Riki Wilchins
Photos by Mariette Pathy Allen
Before Caitlyn Jenner became America’s most famous transgender personality, Riki Wilchins was leading the fight for transgender rights. In the new first-person history-memoir TRANS/gressive: How Transgender Activists Took on Gay Rights, Feminism, the Media & Congress… and Won!, Wilchins recounts the long and winding road of trans rights from the early days of anti-trans rights in segments of the feminist movement, to the murder of transwomen such as Brandon Teena, through the fight to include trans rights in the “Gay and Lesbian” community. “This was a story that I thought might get lost forever,” Wilchins remembers. “When we did the things in this book—protesting, forming groups, demonstrating—they were obscure current events; even the gay press ignored us. Two decades later they’ve become history, but one in danger of being lost for good. Folks today see Caitlyn and Janet [Mock] and Laverne [Cox] and they think it’s always been this way. It hasn’t. There’s a backstory to all of that. There’s a place it all started. This book is that story. This is how a handful of genderqueers started a gender revolution.” What follows is an excerpt from the book, published in June by Riverdale Avenue Books, a leading LGBT publisher (www.riverdalebooks.com). In the early 1990s, no one talked about transgender people because nobody knew one. We were invisible; we did not appear on TV shows or in movies (except as deranged killers). Police harassed, arrested, and assaulted us. Courts and legislatures found new ways to strip away our rights.
Feminist theorists, psychiatrists, and right-wing bigots regularly prodded, dissected, and publicly denounced our bodies and identities: we were mentally unbalanced, “invading women’s spaces,” or “stealing women’s body parts.” Transmen were mostly ignored; transwomen of color especially suffered epidemic waves of violence that continue today.
There was no Gender Outlaw yet or Stone Butch Blues. There was no Internet or email. There was no LGBT movement, because Gay and Lesbian organizations still openly excluded transgender.
We were freaks. We were gendertrash. We were decidedly nonpolitical, waging our isolated struggles for survival alone. What little community we had emerged one weekend at a time at conferences held in lonely hotels out on the interstate. But all that was about to change, because bringing a despised and marginalized people together is in itself a political act. We didn’t know it yet, but we were about to reach critical mass.
When people start realizing that humiliation and degradation are not the result of personal failings, but of systemic oppressions, they stop begging for some social acceptance, and they start demanding their damn civil rights.
This is the inside story of how a handful of activists from an obscure community at the very margins of society launched a revolution that would challenge our most fundamental conception of bodies, gender, and sex—a revolution whose ideas would one day circle the globe.
This is the story of the birth of the modern movement for gender rights.
Gender fluidity, transgender, genderqueerness—all of this in the age of “I Am Cait”—seems to have found wings. Former President Obama mentioned transgender people. The military is finally allowing us to serve openly. We’ve made the cover of Time magazine and the front page of the New York Times. Even straight kids think being flexible about gender is cool.
I was recently interviewing a middle-aged mother in Chicago. Out of nowhere, she just mentioned offhand how her son told her he prefers to identify as “genderqueer” rather than male, because binary genders are soooo 20th century. He is 19, cisgender (someone whose gender identity matches the sex assigned at birth), and totally straight.
It wasn’t always so.
Author Riki Wilchins (left), Gina Reiss, Leslie Feinberg, and Wendy Berger at NOW Convention after their successful Trans-Inclusion campaign.
Less than 20 years ago, I hadn’t yet coined the term “genderqueer,” and even after doing so, practically no one else used it. Transgender activists were busy fighting for air, for any kind of awareness or recognition from mainstream cisgender society— straight and gay.
We had been slowly pushed to the margins of every community. Mainstream feminists wanted nothing to do with crossdressers or transsexuals. Lesbians were uncomfortable with us. And many “radical lesbians” were implacably opposed to our very existence (still are—why does “radical” so often translate to kicking the crap out of some other minority even more dispossessed than you are?).
Lesbian and gay organizations saw no reason to embrace these weird transgender people who lurked in the same gay bars and attended the same Pride parades, but seemed to have totally separate issues and, even worse, made straight people (and many gays) extremely uncomfortable.
Gay men weren’t effeminate; they didn’t run around in pastels and dresses. Lesbians weren’t butch and didn’t want to wear men’s clothes or ride motorcycles. Those were mainstream stereotypes that a newly emergent gay rights movement was eager to put behind it. Gay people were gender normative—just like straight people. Just like you and me—well, you, anyway.
But transpeople resurrected all these gender issues and put them front and center, and who needed that headache?
The Queerer Queers
As gay rights increasingly played to Main Street, trannies looked like a huge public relations nightmare—and a very avoidable one. I use the word “trannie” deliberately. It was what we called ourselves then—many of us at least, and some still do. It may have fallen into politically correct disfavor (certainly when cisgenders use it). But I’ve never considered it pejorative; rather it’s an affectionate shorthand.
All this rejection of trans was a bit weird in a gay community in which drag queens were still celebrated (on the down-low of course), gay men still teased other men with gender put-downs (“Get you, Mary!”), and “Dykes on Bikes” led gay pride parades.
But we were the queerest of the queer—too out to be in. Even among ourselves, there was self-consciousness, shame and the desire to pass as cisgender. We were mostly isolated. There was no email, no Internet to connect us. You found people by word of mouth or (more rarely) at the bars.
When I began transitioning in 1978, there were two other transwomen in Cleveland that anyone knew of—Joanne and Carmen.
They were my whole support system and basically kept me alive through the whole awful affair. I assiduously tried to fit in and pass as cisgender for 15 years. Needless to say, with my frame, voice, and height, it worked a lot better in my mind than it ever did on the street.
Even when it did work, at a certain point, trying to fill all the cisgender standards for true femininity got really old, and really tiring. It’s a good recipe for losing the last shreds of your selfrespect, and losing any sense of self-worth independent of what others think. I told myself over and over that I didn’t really want to be active politically, but the truth was that I was afraid I’d be outed or evicted or both. Constantly being afraid of what the cis-sies will do to you feels awful, but that’s the world they created for us.
After trying for years to look traditionally feminine—long hair, lipstick, high heels, etc.—I simply got tired of it. A cis woman doesn’t have to do anything special and still looks like a cis woman. But without all the war paint and femmy clothes, I looked like a man with breasts. It’s exhausting having to do all that prep just to walk out the door, get the right pronoun and not get all the stares.
At a certain point you just say, “fuck it” and decide to be you, whatever that is. So I developed this butch-y look with short hair, jeans and no makeup.
Interestingly enough, this tall butch dyke look had its advantages. Other transpeople gave me major points for being so “radical” and turning my back on cisgender femininity. Actually, I would have loved to have been more femme, but I just never thought it looked good on me. And anyway, for me, most of being femme is an “inside job,” not about what other people think or how they perceive me.
So I became a visible part of the social fringe—a transsexual— a creature that many people had not even heard of, and few knew who or what we were. Even we were not sure what to call ourselves. The word “transgender” had barely been coined.
Leslie Feinberg (second from left), Jamison Green (far right) and other Camp Trans activists across from Michigan Womyn’s Music Festival.
In fact “transgender” was introduced to refer to the excluded middle ground between transsexuals and crossdressers (and drag queens—there were no drag kings yet). Genderqueer and genderfuck were not really on the horizon. We were still mostly into very binary ideas of male/female gender.
But, over time, transgender would morph into this grab bag term that included all of this, and all of us. And then, imperceptibly, inevitably, it would harden into another new identity—one with its own hierarchies and boundary issues, until one day it would become important to exclude people who weren’t “really transgender.”
It was a time when even our doctors encouraged and expected us to pass as cisgender. That was a large part of the “Real Life Test” or RLT: forcing us to live in the correct gender a year before being granted surgery. It wasn’t just to make sure we really wanted it, but to make sure we could survive in the world as cisgender-ish persons.
My doctor even announced point blank that I was a “successful” transsexual woman to the degree to which no one could tell that I was transsexual, that I could “pass”: blend in and live life as a “normal woman.” And I tried. I’d always wished I could pass, and was silently envious of those transwomen who could.
Partly as a result, there was little political activism. We didn’t think of our troubles as a group struggle, or even as political. I often thought of my own poor genderqueer body as the reason and locus for my troubles, just as much as the intolerance of cisgender people. As a result, I wasted a lot of years hating it, and myself. And self-blame—blended liberally with shame—is an effective antidote for political awareness.
That doesn’t mean, however, that there weren’t some amazing and important early efforts. In 1970 STAR (Street Transvestite Action Revolutionaries) was formed by Sylvia Rivera and Marsha P. Johnson in New York City in the wake of the Stonewall Riots and powered largely by drag queens of color.
In 1992 Texas attorney (now judge) Phyllis Frye organized the first conference on transgender law: the International Conference on Transgender Law and Employment Policy. In 1994, she and activist Karen Kerin would found It’s Time America, an early lobbying group that sprouted chapters in several states.
Software developer Anne Ogborn in San Francisco would launch Transgender Nation, modeled on the street action group Queer Nation, which became an offshoot of that group. (Anne was a true original and a visionary. She left a profitable software job to go live with the Hijra—the sacred outcast transpeople of India—and in the process almost dying from dysentery. Anne could be really mind-blowing: when I first met her she was wearing a T-shirt that read, “Sex Change—Ask Me How.”)
But, for the most part, these courageous first efforts failed to scale up and catch on with the larger community. The rhythms and energy of the lives of most visible trans people were dominated by the need to find one another and connect, to share information and resources, and to win a small measure of tolerance from the cisgender world.
At the center of this effort for many of us lay the annual transgender conferences that organized the trans social calendar. In those pre- Internet days, they were crucial and irreplaceable community watering holes. The big tent-pole conferences-Southern Comfort every fall in Atlanta and the International Foundation for Gender Education (IFGE) months later— big tent-pole conferences-Southern anchored each year. IFGE, outside Boston—was founded in 1987 by Merissa Sherrill Lynn. It was the national information conduit for the transgender community along with its magazine, Tapestry, which was in many ways as close as we had to a national transgender newsletter.
Both were mostly focused on and for crossdressers, although the transsexual influence would grow. Tapestry had a robust personal ads section—the magazine reportedly had a huge “transfan” base of men attracted to crossdressers (one reason most early covers featured conventionally feminine cross-dressers).
As Susan Stryker put it, describing Transvestia, the first trans publication, our magazines tended to focus on “social commentary, educational outreach, self-help advice, and autobiographical vignettes.” Common topics for articles included how to find a supportive wife (or deal with an unsupportive one), interviews, transgender history, dealing with prejudice and accepting your transgender self.
These get-togethers proved so popular that new ones kept popping up. By the 1990s there was another medium or big regional conference almost every month, year-round, each with its own distinct regional flavor. Many of us flocked to these, if we could afford the travel, hotel, and admission costs. Inspired by the pioneering work of Tri-Ess and a support group founded by Virginia Prince to provide support to crossdressers, they were very oriented towards mostly straight, white, middle-aged men who needed a safe space to dress up and express themselves in feminine attire.
In fact, it all started with crossdressers—who, I might add, still do not get on the cover of Time or land their own reality TV shows. It was a historical moment so hostile to trans issues that in 1961 federal agents were prosecuting Virginia on “obscenity” charges for corresponding about dressing-up fantasies with another crossdresser.
Virginia did not lack for courage. She invited a group of individual cross-dressers to bring brown paper bags with their hose and heels and feminine attire to a hotel room, where they all put them on simultaneously, outing themselves to one another. It was an act of unbelievable bravery. It was also a deeply abhorrent activity— considered shameful and abnormal—which they knew was only barely legal and could easily get them all arrested, which would ruin both their families and careers forever.
Yet this small first gathering of transgender people— eventually named the “Hose & Heels” club— just three decades later would morph into the modern transgender rights movement. And it was all started by straight male crossdressers.
But, in the ’70s’ and ’80s, the movement of sex reassignment surgery (SRS) into the hospitals (it would eventually move back out again) was quietly creating a large, hidden wave of post–Christine Jorgenson transsexuals. By the 1990s that wave began to break, with more and more of us showing up at crossdressing conferences, looking for comfort and looking to find people like ourselves.
At first, almost all of us were transwomen, so we fit right in with all the male crossdressers But eventually transmen showed up as well, first only a couple, but then in numbers. More and more workshops addressed mostly transsexual topics like how to get “top surgery,” finding a sympathetic surgeon, and going on estrogen and testosterone.
Politics by Any Other Name Would Still Smell as Sweet
These conferences were affiliative in nature, dedicated to the social side of being transgender: sharing information, support, and advice. They were determinedly nonsexual and avowedly nonpolitical, and they were meant to be. But when you’re dealing with despised identities that are isolated and hidden, organizing them in large groups for whatever reason is highly political.
Camp Trans was established across from Michigan Womyn’s Music Festival when transgender folks were barred from attending.
Part of this has to do with the politics of gender and lifestyle. For many crossdressers it was sufficient to be able to dress up, and then go back home. But for the transsexuals, being a gender outlaw was a full-time gig: there was no “home” to go back to. Anywhere we went we were still outcasts and trannies, and on enemy turf. That made many of us angry and desperate—emotions that were new to these gatherings.
Second, it’s much harder to keep feeling shame and self-hatred when you’re no longer the only one in the room, when you start regularly seeing hundreds and hundreds of people who are just like you. Being you starts to seem more, well… normal.
Finally, you start slowly realizing that the oppression and humiliation you’re dealing with every day isn’t personal, it’s political. Everyone is going through it. It’s not about you or your body, but about a system of cisgender intolerance and hatred for your entire group. Your group. The conferences were the first time in my life I felt part of any group. Or had any group to feel a part of.
The first time I walked into a gay bar was the first time in my young life that I didn’t feel like an outcast. But it took me 20 minutes, sitting outside in my car, to muster the nerve. The bar was off the downtown Cleveland manufacturing area simply called The Flats and it was all straight out of 1950s film noir: cobblestones shimmering wetly in the fitful street lamps, broken bottles in filthy gutters, the odd newspaper blowing down the street, with the constant sound of elevated traffic in the distance. If you put it in a movie today it would seem like a cliché.
The bar had no sign, just a plain, plank wooden door with number on it, illuminated by a single light. Small groups of men and women would go in, and I would watch them, thinking to myself, “THOSE are HOMOSEXUALS.” I had never seen one before. Neither had anyone I knew. In 1968 they might as well have been unicorns—you could read about them, but these were never ever seen in the wild. But the moment I walked in—I don’t know what it was—but I knew I belonged, and for once no one would ever tell me I shouldn’t be there. But they weren’t me. It was almost all gay men, a few lesbians huddled in a corner, and the odd drag queen.
I didn’t look like any of them. And they didn’t really accept me either. But I’d been a queer for a long time without knowing it, and I was finally among other queers. I was home, baby, and it was powerful.
I suspect the conferences were like that for many people. Other than all the crossdressers going out at night in groups, dressed outrageously and clearly having the time of their lives (“Why do crossdressers wear three-inch heels? Because they can’t find five-inch heels.”), the conferences were actually pretty tame: group breakfasts, lunches, and dinners at circular tables in giant ballrooms, speakers at a podium, and terminated by us streaming out to workshops and panel presentations in small, over-air-conditioned conference rooms. We might have been the American Bankers Convention.
But, unlike the bars, at the conferences I found lots of people like me. It was radical feeling normal and accepted, if only for a brief, three-day weekend.
Hotels on the Beltway
Feeling normal, accepted, and un-hated are powerful experiences. Moreover, they are political experiences. And I wasn’t alone in having them. As Tony Barreto-Neto, who would become pivotal in many of the actions that followed, recalled: “It was like finding a family and like-minded people who were, if not doing, at least thinking about doing something. It was affirming, it was frightening, it was exhilarating, it was liberating.”
There was a sense of suppressed potential at those early 1990s conferences. All those people, all that compressed energy, yet no real discussion of why we needed to keep gathering in these three-star hotels out on the beltway (never in city centers), served by smiling and conspicuously tolerant staff who’d been carefully briefed on our event, running into straightlaced and befuddled hotel guests in elevators and hallways (and women’s rooms!) who probably made us the highlight of their trip stories when they got home to Topeka.
I recall one occasion when the hotel failed to tell us we had been booked at the same time as a nationwide evangelical Christian gathering. The “Finding Jesus” workshops ran in breakout rooms right next to the “Finding SRS Surgeons.” It made for some unique and animated conversations between the two groups as we rode the elevators together.
We were there, in short, because we were isolated and despised and it wasn’t safe to be us and be out—particularly the crossdressers—anyplace else.
The conference was an island of safety, of gender sanity; but, like Brigadoon, it was a temporary sanctuary, an idyllic haven that quickly vanished again almost as soon as it appeared, leaving us once again stranded in our normal, everyday, transphobic lives. While we might be safe in groups of several hundred, especially at hotels where we were paying big bills, we weren’t safe alone—or anywhere else.
Even the grown, male crossdressers who would hit the local bars at night (many of whom could only dress up the rest of the year in the privacy of their own bedrooms) made sure to go out and come back in large groups and only to visit hotspots that had been carefully screened in advance to make sure they’d be welcome. And even they went out only at night.
But we didn’t talk about that much—and we certainly didn’t hold workshops and plenaries to organize politically to change it. In the politics of the moment, simply being positive about being transgender was a major step forward, which is another way of saying we were not only mocked and loathed, but too many of us had internalized that and scorned and loathed ourselves. But this affiliative phase couldn’t last for long. And it didn’t.
A leading advocate for gender rights and gender justice for more than 20 years, Riki Wilchins is one of the founders of modern transgender political activism, as well as one of its first theorists and chroniclers. In 1995 Riki launched TransexualMenace, the first national transgender street action group, which spread to 41 cities. The following year they launched GenderPAC, the first national political advocacy group devoted to gender identity rights. Riki was an early supporter in the launch of the intersex rights movement as well as the movement for alternative sexualities. They are the author of four books on gender theory and politics: Read My Lips: Sexual Subversion & the End of Gender; Queer Theory/ Gender Theory; An Instant Primer; and Voice from Beyond the Sexual Binary. Riki has conducted trainings on gender norms and nonconformity at the White House, Centers for Disease Control, and Office on Women’s Health. Profiled by the New York Times 2001 and in Time Magazine, Riki was selected as one of “100 Civic Innovators for the 21st Century.” Excerpted from TRANS/gressive: How Transgender Activists Took on Gay Rights, Feminism, the Media & Congress… and Won! by Riki Wilchins © 2017 with permission from Riverdale Avenue Books (RiverdaleAveBooks.com).
TRANS/gressive is about what happened when [the affiliative phase] ended, and [it’s about] the transition from a collection of individuals focused on affiliation and self-education, trying to feel better about ourselves and gaining cisgender acceptance to an upstart political movement bent on changing the world.
My intent is not to diminish the timeless contributions of people: Virginia Prince who started the first crossdressing publication and organizations; Lou Sullivan who started the first Transmen’s support group in San Francisco; Ari Kane who launched one of the first transgender conferences; or people of color like Marsha P. Johnson and Sylvia Rivera, who stormed the Gay Liberation barricades and went on to found STAR.
These are leaders whose actions—often brave and alone—paved the way for all that was to come. They helped open our eyes to what we could be and do. Anything we accomplished was only possible because we were standing on the shoulders of giants. All of them and more are covered in Susan Stryker’s authoritative chronicle of transgender in the U.S., Transgender History, and in Patrick Califia’s indepth documentation of the politics of transsexuality in Sex Changes.
Rather, my intent is to share the story of my own experience at the birth of what has grown into modern transgender political activism. At the time, it seemed like we were making no progress whatsoever. Looking back with 20 years of hindsight, it all now seems to have happened very quickly.
But it didn’t. Really, back then, no one would listen to us, and no one paid attention to us. We were shock value, or comic relief, freaks on the Jerry Springer Show, and not much more.
In fact, it was not until our first Lobby Day on Capitol Hill that any major city newspaper carried a “hard news” story about transgender. That was what we had to fight.
In fact, what made this movement unique was that we had to fight not only average Americans—who might deride or even despise us—but the progressive left which misunderstood us and wanted nothing to do with us, including feminist organizations, progressive groups and gay rights organizations.
It was a time when, just trying to buy food at the local grocery store, I would be openly mocked or laughed at. I’d go to my local gay community center, but they had nothing for transpeople. So that evening I would join a lesbian support group seeking help and a kind ear, and instead I’d get voted on and asked to leave. It was an interesting and lonely time.
It was also the time when a very small group of people was able to begin pushing very radical notions of gender nonconformity and fluidity—ones in the most direct possible conflict with deeply entrenched heterosexual ideals—and eventually move them right into mainstream culture.
In many ways, the emergence of transgender challenged mainstream ideals of boy/girl, masculine/feminine, and the Ozzie & Harriet nuclear family in more radical ways than homosexuality ever could and ever will.
We challenged heteronormativity right down to its roots. We couldn’t say it was just about who we loved. This was about nearly everything important about bodies: how we looked, how we could desire, what genders we could inhabit, even how we could change embodiment itself.
—Riki Wilchins
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Love & Fury
From Absent Fathers to Involved Dads
Antisexist Books and Films to Educate and Inspire
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Terror in the United States
8 months ago CubaDebate, Translationsanti-Semitism, terrorism
Terror in the United States:
72 Hours Filled with Hate
By José R. Oro, A Cuban engineer who lives in the United States.
Translated and edited by Walter Lippmann for CubaNews.
The three terrorists, from left to right: G. Bush, R. Bowers and C. Sayoc. Photos from RT.
On Wednesday, October 24, a white man with a history of violence shot and killed two African Americans, apparently at random, in a store in Kroger, Kentucky, after a failed attempt to break into a church.
After “mail bombs” were sent to people who are President Donald Trump’s main political critics and enemies, authorities arrested a suspect, a man who had vilified and stigmatized Democratic supporters and minorities with hateful messages on social networks.
And on Saturday morning, 27, a man shouting anti-Semitic insults in the best style of Nazi Germany’s brown shirts opened fire on a Pittsburgh synagogue, killing 11 people attending religious services.
Those three criminal incidents that occurred in just 72 hours had only one thing in common: hatred.
Death in the grocery store
Gregory Bush, a 51-year-old white man, first attempted to enter a church in Jeffersontown, Kentucky, just outside Louisville. It was the first predominantly black Baptist church, and Bush supposedly knocked on the door and tried to open it, but failed to get in. The doors were closed.
He then went to a Kroger chain store, where he shot two people, both African Americans. The first victim was Maurice Stallard, 69, who was with his 12-year-old grandson. The second was Vickie Jones (67) who was killed in the parking lot while the attacker fled.
Gregory Bush has a long history of mental disorders, of making racist threats, and repeatedly called his ex-wife the N-word (nigger), as part of a long criminal history that includes domestic violence, and other disturbances of order.
Terror by Mail
As the shooting in Kentucky took place, the number of suspicious packages in the mail grew.
The first was discovered Monday afternoon at the home of Democratic (and multimillionaire) donor George Soros. On Wednesday morning, two more, one addressed to former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, and another to former President Barack Obama. Four more were to be found before the end of the day, including a bomb-package sent to CNN’s New York offices, which led to the evacuation of the entire Time Warner Center complex. Another package was addressed to former CIA director John Brennan.
On Friday, news of more packages arrived and then the arrest of a 56-year-old man named Cesar Sayoc, a Florida resident. Federal authorities said they sent a total of 14 bomb-packages (the kind we know in Cuba as “nipples”), none fortunately detonated, but they were all very real.
Sayoc’s political inclinations were passionately exhibited. On his van, he had a tag that said “CNN sucks. Through two Facebook accounts and three Twitter accounts, Sayoc often posted provocative photos and comments attacking liberals, along with crude conspiracy theories against the United States.
Massacre in the Synagogue
Trio sings a song of mourning in Hebrew. Pastor Steven Cousins of Bethel African Methodist Episcopal Church, and Rabbi Giora Lilienthal, both from Connecticut, use the word. Photo: José R. Oro.
On Saturday morning there was a massive shooting at a Pittsburgh synagogue, where hundreds of worshippers had gathered at 9:45 am. Suddenly, a man came in screaming anti-Semitic insults with two guns and an AR-15 rifle and opened fire. He killed 11 people. Six more were injured.
Robert Bowers, 46, was identified as the gunman and arrested. He had frequently expressed his disdain for Jews in social media and also published xenophobic comments alleging that Jews were helping to transport members of migratory caravans in Latin America.
Rejected by the People of the United States
Hundreds of people, both in the Squirrel Hill neighborhood and throughout Pittsburgh, gathered hours after the attack for an interfaith vigil on behalf of the victims. Photo: Getty Images.
Hundreds gathered for a Saturday night vigil in Squirrel Hill to mourn the victims of the synagogue and show support for the Jewish community.
An interfaith service also took place at the sixth Presbyterian Church in Squirrel Hill on Saturday night.
At 5 p.m. a vigil at the Jewish Community Center (what we know in Havana as the Hebrew Community) in Woodbridge, Connecticut, brought together more than two thousand people from New Haven County.
The attendees were Christians, Jews, Muslims (2 families, one Turkish and one Bangladeshi), whites, blacks, Hispanics, Asians, children, adults and the elderly. All the best of the American people were present.
I asked several people what they thought about the cause of this unprecedented terror. All the presenters agreed that President Donald Trump’s policy of hate and threats (both nationally and internationally), the irresponsibility of his comments in the media, and his unrestricted support for the NRA (National Rifle Association) contributed to and motivated these crimes.
Was one of the three terrorists an Islamic fundamentalist? Or a radical leftist fanatic? A Russian, Chinese or Venezuelan agent? None of the above, all supporters of Donald Trump, all with a history of violence, which one imagines would give him no chance to buy arms or ammunition. Everyone in the vigil comments with anger.
Donald Trump, with his irresponsible tweets and media shows insulting minorities and anti-immigrant attitudes, has been the catalyst that the sewage of American society has overflowed and is flooding the country.
With great prudence, I asked some attendees what they knew about the “embargo against Cuba” and about the upcoming U.N. vote. Two people told me that they knew absolutely nothing about the blockade and assured me that they would be informed about it. Two others told me that they knew about the blockade and that they were vertically against it. And one of them, Eliot Meyers, looked at me in astonishment and asked me, “But didn’t Obama remove the embargo against Cuba? I explained to him that the “embargo” is in force and being applied with a maximum of inclement and cruelty by President Trump. Elliot lowered his head and said to me: “These are the same criminals, those who kill in the synagogues or send bombs and those who want to destroy the Cuban people. Elliot is an appliance dealer from Orange, Connecticut.
Democrat Congresswoman Rosa de Lauro, a great friend of Cuba, rejected violence. Photo: Bill Clark/ CQ Roll Call.
The pain and bitterness continue throughout the U.S., on a Sunday when people would normally talk about American football games (the Pittsburgh Steelers play at home) and the crucial fifth game of the World Series between Boston Red Sox and the Los Angeles Dodgers. But on this occasion, thousands and thousands are on the street protesting the terror of the fascists and supremacists, and more importantly, their causes, which now have a consensus in the understanding of the people.
The victims will remember the tragedies of those 72 hours filled with hatred, for a long, long time. As early as November 6, in the midterm elections, these savage crimes will motivate hundreds of thousands to go to the polls that day and vote against those who are trying to lead the U.S. to unbridled, uncontrolled fascism and humanity to its certain destruction. Of the many phrases and posters I saw and heard, there were some that impressed me in a special way. One sign read: “We cannot cure a fool, but we can vote against him.
Pittsburgh Protests Trump Pittsburgh Visit
8 months ago CubaDebate, Translationsanti-Semitism
Pittsburgh Protests Trump Visit to Attacked Synagogue
Hundreds of demonstrators protested Tuesday in Pittsburgh against U.S. President Donald Trump’s visit to the synagogue where 11 people died in an antisemitic attack this weekend.
Demonstrators gathered near the Tree of Life synagogue, where the shooting took place, with banners bearing legends such as “President Hate Out of Our State” and “Trump, Renounce White Nationalism Now,” referring to criticisms that the president has not done enough to stop hate speeches.
Trump arrived at the synagogue on Tuesday accompanied by his wife Melania, his daughter Ivanka and his son-in-law Jared Kushner. The president plans to light a candle for each of the victims of the shooting that shocked the United States.
But for some local personalities, Trump’s visit was not welcome.
A group of Pittsburgh Jewish leaders published an open letter in which they blamed Trump for encouraging the nationalist sentiments that generated the attack and said that until he strongly denounces this and stops attacking “immigrants and refugees,” he will not be welcome in the city.
Former synagogue president Lynette Lederman told the president on Monday to stay away from Pittsburgh, describing him as a “provider of hate speech.
The town of Pittsburgh, still in shock after suffering the worst antisemitic attack in recent U.S. history, buried on Tuesday two of the victims of the tragedy, brothers Cecil and David Rosenthal, 59 and 54 years old.
(With information from AFP)
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Josh Johnson from The Tonight Show with Jimmy Fallon, Comedy Central and Conan at Drafthouse Comedy Event Time & Tickets
Josh Johnson from The Tonight Show with Jimmy Fallon, Comedy Central and Conan at Drafthouse Comedy in Washington
Find Tickets crowdtorch.com
Josh Johnson from The Tonight Show with Jimmy Fallon, Comedy Central and Conan at Drafthouse Comedy
Josh Johnson, is a standup, writer and performer from Louisiana by way of Chicago. He is currently a writer on The Daily Show with Trevor Noah and has been featured on Kevin Hart’s Hart of the City. Josh was named one of Comedy Central’s ‘Comics to Watch’ in 2015 and one of the Just For Laughs Festival’s ‘New Faces’ in 2016. He is a former writer and performer on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon, where he also made his late-night stand-up debut in 2017.
As a stand-up, Josh has performed at clubs, colleges and festivals around the world, including JFL Montreal, Bumbershoot, Moontower, SXSW, Riot LA, Bridgetown, High Plains and the New York Comedy Festival. He was named Caroline’s ‘New York’s Funniest’ comic in 2018. On screen, Josh has appeared on CONAN, @Midnight with Chris Hardwick, and, in 2017, he released his Comedy Central half-hour special and album ‘I Like You’. His web series Genies, which he wrote and starred in, was released on Comedy Central in late 2018.
Josh’s stand-up special, as part of The Comedy Lineup, was released on Netflix in 2018. He is currently on the road with his boss, Trevor Noah, as a part of the LOUD & CLEAR Tour. Josh lives in New York and can be seen performing regularly at The Comedy Cellar.
Categories: Comedy | Nightlife & Singles
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Palestinian Climate Change
Willis Eschenbach / December 24, 2015
Guest Post by Willis Eschenbach
Very short post. I read today that Palestine has been granted full member status in the UNFCCC, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
I also recall from a few years ago that when Palestine was admitted to UNESCO, the US had to cut off funds to UNESCO because of US law. As an article at the time said, this was the result of “US laws that force an automatic funding cutoff for any UN agency with Palestine as a member” …
Do I see an opportunity for our lawmakers here? Yep. Will they act on it? Possibly not, but if it is indeed the law, seems like they could be forced to act …
Best to all, and I do hope some organization with money and legal resources takes up this question. At least the US could stop pouring money down a rathole, even if the rest of the world continued the lunacy.
December 24, 2015 in Climate Craziness of the Week, COP conferences. Tags: palestine, UNFCCC
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112 thoughts on “Palestinian Climate Change”
Sparks says:
Merry Christmas guys! I’ve been flat out in work this past few months and haven’t been able to give anyone a hard time lol have a good one 😉
Lance of BC says:
Ah, the king of the earth returns! Hehe ; )
Gloateus Maximus says:
Which is strange, when you consider that the US has given the Palestinian Authority billions of dollars.
I read up on this as part of looking up the law (comment below). The underlying issue is consequences of recognizing Palestinian statehood without resolving the Israeli conflict issues (which include the West Bank territory mess). It is strategic diplomacy, and not about humanitarian aid to the Palestinians themselves. Intent was to prevent a Palestine UN end run, since full UN membership implies statehood, and US has veto power via the security council.
Gaian says:
What a strange article this is. There is no place called “palestine” and there are no “palestinians”. There are a bunch of violent, murdering, genocidal Arabs living in Gaza, which is in Israel, but there is no “palestine”.
richardscourtney says:
Gaian:
There was a Palestine until a load of violent illegal immigrants took it over by force, displaced the inhabitants, and renamed it as ‘Israel’. To this day, the descendants of those who were displaced still fight to regain their lands.
More only per capita than the Marshall Plan which rebuilt modern Europe after WW2. How sad, what a waste.
albertalad says:
Bang on, Willis!
Bartleby says:
Willis, when have you known something as simple as law to bother the US government?
PaulH says:
Do they buy carbon offsets to keep terrorist attacks carbon neutral?
/snark
michaelmacray says:
Good one paulH! Since sanctified by the Pope carbon offsets are now Carbon Indulgences.
That’s not a very well-considered remark.
The term ‘carbon offsets’ does not appear in the Encyclical ‘Laudato si’. Perhaps, however, ‘carbon credits’ is the same things as ‘carbon credits’? This is what ‘Laudato si’ has to say about carbon credits:
171. The strategy of buying and selling “carbon credits” can lead to a new form of speculation which would not help reduce the emission of polluting gases worldwide. This system seems to provide a quick and easy solution under the guise of a certain commitment to the environment, but in no way does it allow for the radical change which present circumstances require. Rather, it may simply become a ploy which permits maintaining the excessive consumption of some countries and sectors.
So, either what you are talking about does not even get mentioned in ‘Laudato Si’ or it is rejected. So your first error is to state, “Since sanctified by the Pope carbon offsets…..”
Let’s now move onto indulgences. Most people who refer to indulgences haven’t actually got a clue what an indulgence is. They read what other people write about indulgences and never bother to check if what they write is actually true. The usual laziness that occurs when dealing with such matters. Anybody doing this in scientific matters would get pilloried but when it comes to religious matters obviously different rules apply.
The common version of an indulgence is that it allows you to commit whatever sins you like and to be given forgiveness. WRONG! An indulgence is the remission of the punishment for sin. You don’t get that remission unless you have repented of your sins. To repent of a sin you must SINCERELY intend never to commit that sin ever again. So you get an indulgence AFTER having, in effect, sincerely promised never to sin again. Anybody who goes about describing an indulgence as a way of allowing people to continue committing a sin just hasn’t a clue about the real nature of an indulgence.
G. Karst says:
re: Alba December 26, 2015 at 7:01 am
ARE you claiming Luther was mistaken, confused, unnecessary or what? GK
Who exactly is it that so misunderstands what indulgences were in the 16th century?
Luther objected to the blatant commercialization of indulgences by Pope Leo’s pardoner in Germany, Johann Tetzel, whose sales jingle was, “As soon as a coin in the coffer rings, a soul from Purgatory springs”. The pope needed to raise funds to rebuild St. Peter’s basilica in Rome, and thought that soaking the dumb Germans would be a good way to do that.
Bear in mind that pardoners were already subjects of scorn before the Reformation, as in Chaucer’s tale. It was a protection racket, plain and simple, from which the Mafia drew lessons.
If you want to defend that practice, please, by all means have at it.
That’s a nice Christmas gift. Muslims consider Jesus a minor prophet, maybe now they will celebrate his birth. UNFCCC is surely consistent.
TRM says:
Actually the 4th major one. Prophet but not son of god.
That reminds me of a Christmas joke. The rebbe prayed in front of the Aron Kodesh, ‘My G-d, my G-d! My only begotten son has forsaken me and became a Christian!’ My G-d, My G-d!’ A voice from on high was heard, ‘I know the feeling!’
Christmas Eve coincided with Eid Milad ul-Nabi this year.
Eid Milad ul-Nabi (Mawlid, Milad-un-Nabi) is an occasion to celebrate the life of the Prophet Muhammad. It falls on the 12th or 17th day of the Islamic month of Rabi’ al-awwal. Some Muslims in the United Kingdom mark this occasion by fasting or with special prayers or conferences.
http://www.bucksfreepress.co.uk/news/5046167.Muslim_High_Wycombe_march_marks_Mohammed_birth/
Bruce Cobb says:
I’m sure Palestine is concerned about “climate change”. By which I mean they are concerned about how much dough they can get from it.
Hot under the collar says:
How else can we avoid the millions of new Palestinian ‘climate change refugees’ who are about to suddenly appear and will require billions in compensation from carbon dioxide ‘sinners’ to avoid the end of the world / sarc.
Happy Xmas fmt says:
“By which I mean they are concerned about how much dough they can get from it.”
What better demonstration of their readiness for full embrace from the worldwide family of nations?
There is much money to be made–possibly. The West Bank government of Palestine can claim their struggle with the Gaza government of Palestine helps the climate by deterring development of the substantial offshore methane deposits. For this effort the UN CDM should authenticate billions of estimated dollars worth of carbon offsets for the West Bank Government to play on European Carbon Exchanges in return for real money (assuming these exchange markets do not crash again). But Israel will jump in and claim “additionality,” that Gaza’s attitude of non-development is a result of gas-heavy Iran’s payments for instability to keep competing, and much closer to Europe, methane production off line. Does anyone believe Iran still believes the Arab World will follow it as leader, and that is why it pays for Hamas against Israel? They got the Lebanese gas blocked up too. Now Turkey, that is Erdogan, does he really believe the Arab World wants live under a neo-Ottoman Caliphate? Or was his Gaza/Hamas romance all for the gas? What happened last week between Israel and Turkey? Now Gaza government of Palestine can spite the West Bankers by arguments there is no legitimate government in the West Bank, and how can those chaps over there claim a country when they will not even say what its borders are or will be? Then Obama might step in saying, “what about ME?” claiming his recent actions against East Syrian oil production should earn some carbon offsets to sell. Putin will step in and scream “Additionality! You only did that because I started to! That’s ME!” Gaza can step in and say, “Excuse me, but this discussion is about US and OUR holy resistance to Israel’s occupation of Israel, that is why we cannot develop our gas–pay US! Then, putting the Gaza gas matter to rest, Egypt will appear and say in a firm voice, “Pay you? We retain the the mineral rights.”
Good spot and memory, Willis. Looked it up for you: 22 USC 287e, enacted as public law 103-236 in 1994 reads in part:
“The US shall not make any voluntary or assessed contributions: (1) to any affiliated organization of the UN which grants full membership as a state to any organization or group that does not have the internationally recognized attributes of statehood…”
Palestine clearly does NOT have all the generally accepted attributes of statehood: embassies and ambassadors, treaty memberships, a single governing authority (PLO and Hamas), …
Obama has no choice but to withhold all US UNFCCC funding under the existing clear law with the 2011 UNESCO precedent, and no hope of getting the law changed.
Christmas has come a day early.
commieBob says:
Here’s a link to a Washington Post story.
Fortunately, he never studied law.
Ristvan, it seems to me the Palestinian strategy is to gain gradual recognition, set up ambassadors in several capitals, and of course it can sign a couple of treaties. This will isolate Israel as an invader in Palestinian territory. At this point the settler issue is a can of worms, since it makes Israel a de facto violator of Palestinian rights. I noticed that Brazil is refusing to allow a settler to represent Israel as ambassador. In other words, it seems nations are gradually accepting the Palestinian strategy. They are being very methodical and I think they will win, gain recognition, and have a more or less established territory. I bet they’ll get there in 20-30 years.
Yes. Which is why Clinton signed the cited law. They cannot get there in the US
/UN without reversing legislation.
Tom Halla says:
Who has standing to file suit to enforce US law?
Greg Cavanagh says:
It is a bizarre state when you can not enforce/challenge a person or law because you don’t have equal standing. Clearly the law is not blind.
Depending a bit on what the law in question is, you do If you are a US citizen. Congress does. Most ‘official’ NGO’s do (the sue and settle EPA game is exhibit A). States do through their AG’s. Doubt this will escape the attention of Rep. Smith and Senator Cruz.
Doubt this will escape the attention of Rep. Smith and Senator Cruz.
Senator Cruz will find out.
Judith Curry says this:
http://judithcurry.com/2015/12/10/reactions-on-the-senate-hearing/
“Senator Cruz seems very much into the Data, and generally knowledgable about the scientific process. One of his staffers is an avid reader of CE, WUWT and apparently Steve Goddard’s blog.“
emsnews says:
Anti-Palestinian rights is rife in our country. The idea that the natives of that land are somehow ‘aliens’ in their own homeland is really outrageous.
Mib8 says:
Ahh, but that’s exactly what is in dispute and mystery; what are the homelands of the various people occupying Eastern Israel, the Gaza Strip=Palestine, Lebanon, Syria, Jordan… who formed Hamas, Hizbollah, Fatah, “PLA”, “Palestinian Authority”, etc.? And what makes one date as a base-line more believable or righteous or just than some other starting date?
How soon, Mib8, are you going to support the creation of a Canaanite National Struggle for the restoration of the land of Palestine to the people who were there before the Jews. In the nineteenth century the founders of Zionism called Palestine ‘A Land without a People’, conveniently ignoring the hundreds of thousands of people who were actually living there. Later, once it was no longer possible to ignore these people they were portrayed as being backward compared to the Jews and this, therefore, somehow justified taking over their land. Of course, in total contravention of international law, their land is still being taken away from them in the occupied territories of East Jerusalem and the West Bank. It is sad that the Jews, so long subject to persecution, should now be the ones persecuting people in the land they control.
The state of Jordan was set up as the Palestinian homeland. They have decided to retain the mantle of ‘refugees’. The Palestinians have been given as much aid as Israel, but you would be forgiven for not noticing. It would appear to have been secreted in Swiss banks rather than used as Israel has used its aid. It can be difficult to retain the mantle of ’cause celebre’ for so long, even with the Shiite assistance.
Israel has received orders of magnitude more US aid than Palestine.
I don’t think the Palestinian people, or most nations, ever accepted Jordan as Palestinian territory. It seems some people are a bit disconnected from history and fact when it comes to this conflict. Where would you ever hear such a thing? An Israeli propaganda medium?
Also, when Mandate Palestine was partitioned, the Arab portions were intended to be independent, separate from Trans-Jordanian Palestine (Jordan), with its capital at Amman. The capital of the Arab areas was supposed to be Jerusalem and of the Jewish areas Tel Aviv. As a result of the 1948 war, this plan didn’t come to pass. The Arab Legion under King Abdullah captured only the West Bank, that is parts of Mandate Palestine that were assigned to the new state of Palestine, while losing part of Jerusalem and connecting area to Israel. Abdullah didn’t try to capture areas assigned by the UN to Israel. Egypt occupied Gaza.
Jeff (FL) says:
Ian W,
The Hashemites had different ideas …
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_September_in_Jordan
Those were the days …
simple-touriste says:
(so-called) “Palestine” has received billions from Soviet Europe.
The majority of the present population of Jordan (or their parents, grandparents or great grandparents) came from Palestine, ie west of the Jordan River, as refugees driven out by Israel in 1948.
One group whose ancestors definitely lived in biblical Palestine are the Samaritans, ie “the people of the land” not taken captive by the Assyrians, as were the Israelites, members of 10.5 of the 12 Hebrew tribes, subjects of the northern kingdom of Israel, or Judeans, from the southern state of Judea, by the Neo-Babylonians (Chaldeans). The Israelites disappear from history, but the Judeans, ie Jews, were freed from their Babylonian captivity by the Persians under Cyrus.
“The state of Jordan was set up as the Palestinian homeland.’ Says who? Very unwisely as it has turned out, although totally understandably, the Arabs living in Palestine rejected the partition of their homeland by the United Nations in 1947. This gave a minority of the land to the people who formed the majority of the population. If the Arabs had accepted that plan then there would have been an Arab state in part, at least, of the territory of what is now called Israel. Whether Israel would have willingly accepted the existence of that state in the long-term may be highly questionable, given the behavior of the Zionists before and after 1947. But the attempt of the UN to create such a state blows a huge hole in the argument that Jordan was ‘set up as the Palestinian homeland’. Such a huge hole that the argument should long ago have sunk without trace.
ralfellis says:
Ah, but the modern Palestinians are not exactly native to the region. See my post below – the original Palestinians were the Peleset from Mycaenae, but they were all eliminated by the Arab armies in the 8th century, who took their name as well as their lands. So in terms of being native to the Levant the list is something like this.
Hyksos pharaohs from Egypt
Hittites from Anatolia
Peleset from Mycaenae
Phonecians from Minoan Crete
Israelite Jews from Egypt
Persians from Iran
Seleucids from Greece.
Romans from Italy, who exiled all the Jews
Byzantines from Greek Anatolia.
Modern Palestinians from Saudi Arabia.
Jews returning from Europe.
So who is really native to the region?
Well, you work it out…..
skeohane says:
I read recently, I think it was in ‘Biblical Achaeological Review, that the Christians kicked out the Jews from the region in 135AD, and named it Palestine.
The southern Levant was known as Palestine long before AD 135. The first use of the term dates from c. 1150 BC in Egyptian hieroglyphs, referring to biblical Philistia, the coastal region of what is now Israel. In AD 132, emperor Hadrian reorganized Roman administration of the area, forming the province of Syria Palaestina.
MRW says:
Here’s a map of 750-625 B.C. Click the magnifier and note the landlocked territory called Judah.
http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/shepherd/assyrian_empire_750_625.jpg
I read (but don’t have a link for) that biblical Canaan and what is present-day Israel, without including the land of the West Bank occupation, and present-day Gaza were the location of Egypt’s administrative offices long before 1150 B.C.
http://www.foxnews.com/world/2015/12/22/us-quietly-maneuvers-to-cut-un-dues.html?intcmp=hplnws
Ian Random says:
But will they use low carbon technology in their Qassam rockets now?
Yes, absolutely, these munitions are low carbon footprint:
The aim of the Qassam rocket design appears to be ease and speed of manufacture, using common tools and components. To this end, the rockets are propelled by a solid mixture of sugar and potassium nitrate, a widely available fertilizer. The warhead is filled with smuggled or scavenged TNT and urea nitrate, another common fertilizer. This is close to Ammonite. wiki
The propellant uses a bit of sugar but this can be considered a bio-fuel so it doesn’t count against the carbon footprint. It’s so nice to see that the world’s terrorists are so caring about the environment.
TNT is loaded with carbon. Its formula is C6H2(NO2)3CH3.
Those bad bad terrorists. I hope they’re buying carbon credits.
Alan Watt, Climate Denialist Level 7 says:
They could use one of several nitrostarch TNT equivalents. In WWI the US was facing a toluene shortage and investigated possible replacements based on dissolving various starches into nitric acid. They chose tapioca starch because the result was not hygroscopic (water absorbing), and named it “grenite”. The resulting explosive is about the same power as TNT and comes in the form of clumpy granules sort of like sticky brown sugar. It was approved for use in hand grenades and trench mortars, but not artillery shells. Unlike TNT which can be melted and poured into shells like candle wax, grenite remains clumpy and will therefore shift under the centrifugal force of a rotating projectile, affecting accuracy.
Nitric acid (HNO3) contains no carbon and tapioca production is “sustainable”.
Bob and Alan,
Iran could buy their carbon credits for them, as they should, since they finance Hamas and Hezbollah.
Nitric acid might be suitable for “climate friendly” Qassam rockets.
Jack Langdon says:
Willis, I enjoy everything you write. Common sense buttressed by an uncommon grasp of mathematics. Merry Christmas sir, you enrich my life.
ntesdorf says:
Thanks for the great Post Willis. For me the highlight was your description of the UN as a “rathole,” That is the best description that I have ever heard of that degenerate institution..
Thanks Willis, for all the thought stimulus this year. From me and may child-bride of 35 years to you and your ex-fiance, have a memorably joyful holiday!
son of mulder says:
Why cut off funding to any organisaion that has Palestine as a member? What’s the logic there?
See upthread. Sketched as a reply to Gloatius comment about US aid to Palestinians. You can google a lot more of the diplomatic fine points if you wish to educate yourself on the matter. Took me all of 15 minutes. Time well spent understanding what motivated the law Clinton signed.
Yes Gloteus seems to have read lots of climate books, but none on the history of the [Middle] East.
What exactly do you think I got wrong? It is a fact that the US gives over $400 million to Palestine annually. I didn’t mention the reasons why.
The Congressional Research Service do the matter: “U.S. Foreign Aid to the Palestinians”
http://fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/RS22967.pdf
MRW,
Yup, just as I said. Billions.
Now up to around six billion bucks from the five billion in the 2014 Congressional report.
Most of it goes to Israel to administer, Gloateus Maximus. Israel has been withholding the aid, which is part of the problem of the chronic 67-year occupation. One Israeli official (don’t feel like looking for link) said that the impetus for doing that was putting them on a diet, or some such phrase. He claimed Israel disbursed only enough dough to allow the Palestinians to exist, not live.
I don’t think there’s a particular logic to USA foreign policy. It seems to be run by teenagers. Both parties are usually brain dead. This explains USA blunders in Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria, Somalia, and so on.
James Schrumpf says:
It’s like when American Football players run out of bounds when they’re trying to kill the clock, or intercept 4th down passes way downfield. Both are bonehead moves by people who have been doing this for years. Why should politicians be any different?
Crispin in Waterloo but really in Beijing says:
This reinforces the point that contributions are voluntary and earmarked, points with which I concur. Funding things that support one’s espoused principles is surely in the spirit of Christmas.
There are several organisations with great power working in the climate field which would wither and die if funding were voluntary. The whole point of the $100 billion guaranteed purse in the race for climate control is that there would no longer be a need to create panic in order to ‘do development’. Calling development ‘climate change mitigation’ is a contrivance of convenience. Rather call it ‘development’ and let people or governments contribute as they see fit.
Enjoy the hols, if your region is celebrating them.
Sam The First says:
These include the BBC
I forgot to post the bit I was referring to – in case it’s not obvious, this was “There are several organisations with great power working in the climate field which would wither and die if funding were voluntary.”
Khwarizmi says:
“…the US had to cut off funds to UNESCO because of US law….”
U.S. funding to Israel (billions each year) is against U.S. law because it breaches the conditions of the 1976 Symington amendment.
The Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 was amended by the Symington Amendment (Section 669 of the FAA) in 1976. It banned U.S. economic, and military assistance, and export credits to countries that deliver or receive, acquire or transfer nuclear enrichment technology when they do not comply with IAEA regulations and inspections. This provision, as amended, is now contained in Section 101 of the Arms Export Control Act (AECA).
The President of the United States has violated the law to ease sanctions on India and Pakistan, and by granting an informal exception for Israel.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symington_Amendment
Merry Christmas from Christian Palestine.
Willis Eschenbach says:
Thanks, Mr. Algorithm. I note that the only citation for your Wikipedia-based claim that “The President of the United States has violated the law to ease sanctions on India and Pakistan, and by granting an informal exception for Israel” is Noam Chomsky, hardly an unbiased source … and the cited link to Chomsky’s claims doesn’t contain a single verifiable fact about either the President or the law in question.
Also, I can’t find your claim in the Law. You say (bravely quoting Wikipedia, which is often a mistake):
“It banned U.S. economic, and military assistance, and export credits to countries that deliver or receive, acquire or transfer nuclear enrichment technology when they do not comply with IAEA regulations and inspections. ”
However, the law itself says it bans US aid “to any country which the President determines delivers nuclear enrichment equipment, materials, or technology to any other country on or after August 4, 1977, or receives such equipment, materials, or technology from any other country on or after August 4, 1977 …”
In other words, the law does NOT ban aid to countries that “acquire” nuclear technology. It prohibits countries from receiving funds if they “deliver” or “receive” nuclear technology to or from any other country, but it says nothing about developing the technology on their own.
As far as I know, no one has ever proven that Israel either imported or exported their nuclear technology, so it’s not clear to me that they are in violation of the Symington Amendment.
And if nothing else, the fact that they had an estimated 10 to 20 nuclear bombs in 1974, five years BEFORE the go-live date for the Symington amendment, puts them out of the running.
Yes, obviously France never helped Israël in any way regarding Pu production.
Poor Mr. Chomsky is, if anything, a worse source of information than Wankerpedia, on average. He’s a denier of the Cambodian genocide, among other things. He occasionally gets something right, always a huge surprise to those who follow him. This isn’t one of those cases.
And you Willis for your sanity and understanding the true history and legal issues of the Middle East.
simple-touriste December 24, 2015 at 7:21 pm
Thanks, touriste. France assuredly helped Israel regarding building the Dimona reactor and the transfer of nuclear technology … but you didn’t read the law carefully enough. All of that help was back in the 1950s and 1960s, and the Symington Amendment didn’t take effect until 1977 …
The Samson Option is a great read on the subject of nuclear mid east. Other interesting readings are those of Alan Hart (alanhart.net).
Willis, there are very few unbiased opinions of a legal nature in the conflict. I think both sides are outlaws. But the distortion of history goes back over 3000 years, so of course everybody has a different version of history. You did open a can of worms introducing the subject, and the worms don’t look to me the way they look to you.
Fernando Leanme December 24, 2015 at 11:25 pm
Thanks, Fernando, but I have to disagree. Until you or someone else can demonstrate beyond a reasonable doubt that Israel broke the Symington Amendment rules, I’m gonna say there’s only one opinion, which is innocent until proven guilty.
You don’t get to hand-wave that away with platitudes about how opinions are not unbiased and with claims about worms and how they might appear to you.
Questing Vole says:
this string is getting into territory that has no place on this site.
Willis,
“CIA releases files about Illegal weapons-grade uranium diversions from US to Israel“
http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/cia-releases-files-about-illegal-weapons-grade-uranium-diversions-from-us-to-israel—irmep-300139038.html
“CIA Cover-Up Thwarted FBI’s Nuclear Diversion Investigations
Evidence that missing uranium went to Israel withheld since 1968”
http://original.antiwar.com/smith-grant/2015/09/06/cia-cover-up-thwarted-fbis-nuclear-diversion-investigations/
“Israeli nukes are finally newsworthy– as US gov’t both releases and gags info”
http://mondoweiss.net/2015/08/israeli-mentioned-releases
The Mondoweiss article (last link above) addresses what makes “enforcement of the Symington and Glenn Amendments to the 1961 Foreign Aid Act impossible. Corroborating links in story.
On August 20, 2015 the Department of Energy released under the Freedom of Information Act its “Guidance on Release of Information Relating to the Potential for an Israeli Nuclear Capability.” (PDF) The Orwellian title of the year 2012 document, designated WNP-136, seems to suggest that Israel might not yet even have nuclear weapons. This is in stark contrast to the public opinion of 63.9 percent of Americans polled who believe it does. Interestingly, it covers only Israel and not the other non-signatories to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty such as India, North Korea and South Sudan.
The official reason for promulgating the gag order, its history and development, bureaucratic champions and most of its redacted contents remain unclear. What is clear is that it is one of the reasons federal employees and government contractors, and sometimes even the President, equivocate and run for the exits whenever they are asked to make substantive remarks. The Israel nuclear gag order answers the question posed last week by McClatchy, “Why is Israel’s nuclear arsenal not mentioned in Iran deal debate?” Because any federal employee who does can be summarily fired and possibly go to prison.
Los Alamos National Laboratory nuclear analyst James Doyle wrote candidly about Israel’s nuclear weapons for a magazine in 2013. After a congressional staffer read the article, which had passed a classification review, it was referred to classification officials for a second review. Doyle’s pay was then cut, his home computer searched, and he was fired.
Aside from prohibiting any informed input in the run-up to the September congressional vote on the Iran nuclear deal, the secret gag order has a far more costly function—it makes enforcement of the Symington and Glenn Amendments to the 1961 Foreign Aid Act impossible.
John F. Hultquist says:
The U.S. is locked once again in a back-room struggle with developing nations over how much of the United Nations tab Washington will pick up over the next three years, especially the bill for peacekeeping activities.
There is cautious hope among diplomats that the U.S. can chip away at least marginally at the U.N.’s “scale of assessments”– a dues system loaded in favor of many poor and not-so-poor countries that pay less than their fair share, and saddle the small number of rich countries — especially the U.S. — with the difference.
… and a bunch more.
But the author’s definition of “fair share” doesn’t match mine, I suppose. The UN is a pretty clunky body, and it needs reform. But the USA is a bit stupid trying to reform it the way it does. And it lacks the standing to change it by soft pedaling change. So it’s hopeless.
Thanks for that, Fernando, but I’m unclear about:
1) how you would reform the UN, and
2) why the US is “stupid” to do it however we can manage to get it done, and
3) why it is “hopeless”.
I understand that you believe those things … but simply stating them baldly as if they were agreed-upon facts is not very helpful.
My best wishes to you,
PS—I strongly suspect that we could get rid of 9/10 of the UN without the world even noticing … well, except for the UN’s pluted bloatocrats drawing obscene salaries, they’d notice, but the rest of the planet, not so much. Perhaps if you could point out for me the UN’s top ten successes in the last decade, we could have a discussion.
However, I doubt the list would include introducing cholera into Haiti and then denying responsibility and refusing to help pay the cost of their stupidity, or the current investigations of the cover-up of the sexual abuses of children by UN personnel …
Agree completely about the UN.
Get the US out of the UN and it would fold. The little bit that it does that might be useful, such as disaster relief, could better be done by the US and other countries on their own. The WHO predates the UN.
A little side-note about the Palestinians.
The original Palestinians were the Peleset who became known as the Philistines, and they were actually from Greece-Mycenae. A contingent of the Sea People. But when the conquering Arab armies arrived in the 8th century the Peleset were all eliminated, and eventually the new Arab population took their name as well as their lands. So in terms of residency, the Arabs are newcommers to the region.
The name Palestine does indeed come from the Philistines, among the Indo-European language-speaking invading Sea Peoples, c. 1000-1275 BC, but they were long gone as a distinct group by the time of the Arab conquest in AD 634, et seq, swamped by their Semitic language-speaking neighbors. The main languages of Palestine in the 7th century were, as in Jesus’ day, still Greek and Aramaic. The Arab conquest didn’t bring a huge influx of Arabs, but Arabic did over time replace Greek and Aramaic as the lingua franca of the indigenous population of the Levant.
3x2 says:
A special seasonal best wishes to Willis.
I hope you find the time to post frequently in 2016.
Right now you can have a few days off. Enjoy :^)
(I’m pretty generous at this time of year – you have to admit)
jacobress says:
The Palestinians have a very low carbon footprint, since they get most of their electricity from Israel. They employ the same “green policy” as California – avoid pollution from electricity generation by importing electricity from other states – which is equivalent to exporting your pollution.
Besides, the Palestinian Authority doesn’t pay it’s electricity bills, and the Government owned Israel Electric Company is ordered by the Government NOT to cut supply to ensure the payment of the debt.
So, the Palestinians have produced the ultimate green dream: carbon free AND cost free energy.
Soolomon Green says:
Thanks for an informative and amusing post but should we ever agree to the use of the word pollutant when describing CO2? It is a word that was apparently unknown until fairly recently and, possibly, has the same origins as the word “denier” when describing sceptics.
Definition of the verb “pollute”:
Post – 1938
” to defile; render unclean; taint with guilt; corrupt; violate.”
Pocket Oxford – 1969
“destroy the purity; outrage the sanctity of.”
Collins Pocket – 1981
“to make unclean, impure or corrupt.”
The only noun listed by the two earlier dictionaries is the word “pollution”.
But by 1981 the word “pollutant” had crept into the language, hence Collins: “something that pollutes, as a harmful chemical discharge into the air.”
Power stations produce pollution apart from CO2.
Until you or someone else can demonstrate beyond a reasonable doubt that Israel broke the Symington Amendment rules, I’m gonna say there’s only one opinion, which is innocent until proven guilty.
Willis:
Beyond a reasonable doubt is an almost impossibly high standard to meet when dealing with national security agencies which don’t have to respond to process and in some cases can imprison you for pursuing the question. Israel is widely suspected of helping South Africa with their nuclear weapons program, which was revealed when they voluntarily surrendered it in the early 1990’s. Israel declines to admit they have a nuclear weapons program at all and has gone to considerable lengths to maintain that deniability (witness Mordechai Vanunu). They also refuse to comment on any nuclear assistance vis-a-vis South Africa, although the two nations had a longstanding program of military cooperation.
Has Israel violated the terms of the Symington act? I don’t know and am not in any position to find out. In diplomacy there is a vital distinction between what you know and what you notice. As long as Israel maintains the plausible appearance they haven’t, it is an option for the US government to not notice what it might very well know.
The Palestinian Authority failed to consider the likely consequences when it accepted full UNFCC membership. Either that or it calculated the cash windfall from joining up with the climate gang was worth it.
IMO there can be little doubt about Israel’s violating the Symington Amendment. It offered to sell nukes to South Africa in 1975, before the amendment, and later Jericho ballistic missiles, plus provided aid in the development of indigenous South African nukes. Don’t be put off by the Guardian. The article shows the declassified document.
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/may/23/israel-south-africa-nuclear-weapons
In return, South Africa helped Israel test a joint weapon design in 1979 (among many other sources, see Seymour Hersh’s 1991 “The Samson option: Israel’s Nuclear Arsenal and American Foreign Policy”).
Israel was also helping the Shah of Iran develop nukes before his overthrow.
gringojay says:
PLO executive committee member (31 Mar. 1977 ) Zahir Muhsein interviewed by “Trouw” (Dutch newspaper) stated: “The Palestinian people does not exist. The creation of a Palestinian state is only a means for continuing our struggle against the state of Israel for our Arab unity. In reality today there is no difference between Jordanians, Palestinians, Syrians and Lebanese. Only for political and tactical reasons do we speak today about the existence of a Palestinian people, since Arab national interests demand that we posit the existence of a distinct ‘Palestinian people’ to oppose Zionism….”
Before going on to become a PLO founder Ahmed Shukeiry told UN Security Council (1956): “It is common knowledge that Palestine is nothing but southern Syria”.
Also in accord with this earlier (1937) testimony to the Peel Commission (considering a Jewish “Palestine” homeland) given by an arab leader Auni Bey Abdul-Hadithat: “There is no such country! Palestine is a term the Zionists invented! There is no Palestine in the Bible. Our country was for centuries part of Syria.”
May I add a few more to gringojay’s quotes.
In 1919 a Congress of The Muslim-Christian Association [of Palestine] informed the Paris Peace Conference that:
“We consider Palestine as part of Arab Syria as it has never been separated from it at any time…we are connected with it by national, religious, linguistic, natural, economic and geographical bonds…in view of the above we desire that our district Southern Syria or Palestine should be not separated from the Independent Arab Syrian Government and be free from all foreign influence and protection…”
In a report by His Majesty’s Government in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland to the Council of the League of Nations on the administration of Palestine and Trans-Jordan for the year 1938, the British made it clear:
“Palestine is not a State, it is the name of a geographical area. ”
Professor Philip Hitti of Princeton and, after retirement, Harvard Universities and whose seminal work History of the Arabs, first published in 1937, is still considered to be the standard publication on the subject, giving evidence to the Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry on Palestine in 1946 is reported as stating:
“…that there was actually no such entity as Palestine – never had been; it was historically part of Syria,” and “…the Sunday schools have done a great deal of harm to us because by smearing the walls of classrooms with maps of Palestine, they associate it with the Jews in the minds of the average American and Englishman’.”
Sabri Khalil al-Banna, better known as Abu Nidal, once described as “the world’s most wanted terrorist”, an early member of Yasser Arafat’s Fatah section of the PLO made several statements that can be translated as:
“I am an ardent believer in the Greater Syrian state. . . . We are Syrian citizens. For us, Syria is the mother nation, it is history, society, community, geography. Until recently, half of Lebanon was a region of Syria. As you see, we are true Syrian citizens. I myself have Syrian parents. . . . Greater Syria consists of Palestine, Iraq, Jordan, and Syria. A state like Jordan did not exist in Arab history prior to the twenties. Geographically seen, Greater Syria covers the territory from the Turkish border in the north to the whole of Palestine in the south.”
They are good at innovative solutions. They can solve unemployment by branding,
http://www.contracostatimes.com/business/ci_29308573/war-torn-gaza-tiny-high-tech-sector-emerges
In war-torn Gaza, a tiny high-tech sector emerges.
By Fares Akram, Associated Press
The firm, called Haweya for Information Technology, specializes in branding for new or restructuring businesses. Its name in Arabic means “identity.”
“I was shocked by the painful work situation in Gaza; there were no jobs and getting a job is very, very difficult. That’s where the idea came from,” Qudih said, sitting behind a white laptop on his dark wooden desk.
LarryFine says:
Here are a couple of interesting factoids.
The people who call themselves Palestinians are related to Syrian Arabs in both language family and DNA haplogroups. Since they don’t have the letter “p” in their alphabet (like the Philistines did), they cannot even spell the words “Palestine” or “Palestinian”. And since they’re not related to any Mediterranean “sea people” (as the Philistines were), they can’t lay ancient claims to the lands they now occupy.
Time to put this fable to bed.
It’s not a fable but a fact. Of course they can lay a claim to the land which their families have occupied for hundreds if not thousands of years. The Palestinian Christian towns cleansed by Israel in the 1948 war to connect West Jerusalem with the coast had, for instance been Christian since the 1st century. St. Agapius of Palestine was a native of Gaza, martyred along with seven others during Diocletian’s Great Persecution, c. AD 303. Even earlier examples exist, such as St. George, from Lydda, now Lod, site of Ben Gurion Airport. As you may know, one of the most infamous episodes in the 1948 Palestinian Diaspora was the exodus from Lydda and nearby Ramle of 50,000 to 70,000 Arabs, mostly Christian, expelled when Israeli troops captured the towns in July that year.
Of course Palestinians are related to Syrian Arabs. Of course they speak the Levantine dialect of Arabic. So what? Their ancestors spoke the Semitic languages Phoenician, Canaanite, Hebrew and Aramaic, as well as the Indo-European tongue of the Philistines. Three thousand years ago, Arabic and Hebrew were dialects of the same West Semitic language, and, as the OT shows, Arabs already lived then in the Holy Land.
That they speak Arabic now doesn’t mean that they aren’t descended from the biblical inhabitants of Palestine. Most people in the British Isles are descended from ancient Britons, to include the Paleolithic inhabitants, but the vast majority speak English, the language of the Germanic invaders, as modified by later French invaders. While some speak Welsh and Gaelic, no one still speaks whatever was spoken there in 1200 BC.
The majority of Israelis, by contrast, are of European (Ashkenazi) or North African (Sephardic) ancestry, plus some from Iran, and of course the ancestors of Eastern European Jews were mainly Khazars. Many Palestinians are to be sure also descended from more recent immigrants to the British Mandate, like Arafat.
I have a lot of respect for what Israelis have achieved, and have myself gained from their work, having for a decade consulted for an Israeli biotech. But facts are facts, admitted by honest Jewish Israeli historians. And Rabin, who himself expelled Arab Christians from the Lydda and Ramle areas. Some from Lydda died en route to the safety of Arab Legion lines. The refugees from Ramle were luckier. They were bused out under the IDF’s guns.
Gloateus Maximus:
“The majority of Israelis, by contrast, are of European (Ashkenazi) or North African (Sephardic) ancestry, plus some from Iran, and of course the ancestors of Eastern European Jews were mainly Khazars.”
http://www.cija.ca/resource/israel-the-basics/demographics-of-israel/
“The majority of the world’s Jewish population are Ashkenazim, tracing their ancestry to Europe, In Israel, Sephardic Jews, who descend from communities in the Middle East and North Africa, account for just over half (52%) of the Jewish population. There is also a small population (approximately 125,000) of Ethiopian Jews who account for 1% of the Israeli Jewish population.”
Actually with intermarriage between the Aahkenazi, Sephardi and Mizrahi communities it is becoming more difficult to assert that any single community is larger than any other.
“The Palestinian Christian towns cleansed by Israel in the 1948 war to connect West Jerusalem with the coast had, for instance been Christian since the 1st century.”
And, while the clearing of Arab Christian towns and villages did occur in 1948 during the Israeli war of independence it is worth mentioning that since then Israel is the only country in the Muddle East where the Christian community has increased and is still increasing.
Soolomon,
True, however the Christian population is growing more slowly than either the Jewish or Muslim, and around a fifth of “Christians” are only nominal. They’re ex-Soviets who were able to immigrate to Israel thanks to a Jewish grandparent. The 80% who are Arab Christians or long-established Armenian or European Christians still constitute a small fraction of the Christian share of population of Mandate Palestine in 1948 and even less of population before the first Aliyah. There are more Druze than Arab Christians in Israel.
There are now somewhat more Arab Christians in Israel and the Palestinian Territories than in Mandate Palestine in 1947. The population of Israel and Palestine however has increased about seven-fold. Today Israel has about 8.2 million people and 5.1 million in the Palestinian Territories. The Mandate had around 1.9 million people in 1947, but I don’t know if that included Trans-Jordanian Palestine or not. Most Palestinian Christians are in the Diaspora.
And Hebrew doesn’t have the letter “J.” So what does that prove?
http://english.stackexchange.com/questions/148399/if-the-letter-j-is-only-400-500-years-old-was-there-a-j-sound-that-preceded-the
Filistina is on all the ancient maps of the area. Consult the University of Texas collection.
Mods,
I posted a long, respectful reply to Larry, which hasn’t appeared yet. Am I being moderated or is there some other holdup? Thanks.
Here is the draft of it that I saved. Final version was longer. Please excuse double posting if that version appears later. Thanks.
It’s not a fable but a fact. Of course they can lay a claim to the land which their families have occupied for hundreds if not thousands of years. The Palestinian Christian towns cleansed by Israel in the 1948 war to connect West Jerusalem with the coast had, for instance, been Christian since the 1st century. St. Agapius of Palestine was a native of Gaza, martyred along with seven others during Diocletian’s Great Persecution, c. AD 303. Even earlier examples exist, such as St. George, from Lydda, now Lod, site of Ben Gurion Airport. As you may know, one of the most infamous episodes in the 1948 Palestinian Diaspora was the exodus from Lydda and nearby Ramle of 50,000 to 70,000 Arabs, mostly Christian, expelled when Israeli troops captured the towns in July that year.
I have a lot of respect for what Israelis have achieved, and have myself gained from their work, having for a decade consulted for an Israeli biotech. But facts are facts.
Gloateus Maximus December 25, 2015 at 3:14 pm
That they speak Arabic now doesn’t mean that they aren’t descended from the biblical inhabitants of Palestine.
Being descendants of them and being an identifiable group called “Palestinians” are two different things. The “Palestinians” were invented for political purposes and have been abused by the world powers who invented them, by their Arab “brothers” and by their own incredibly inept and brazenly corrupt leadership. This is the tragedy of the Palestinian people. They most harm they have suffered has been at the hands of those who have used them for their own corrupt and inhumane politics.
The Palestinians have been no more invented than the Syrians, Lebanese, Jordanians, Iraqis, Egyptians, Sudanese, Libyans, Tunisians, Algerians and Moroccans, the boundaries of which majority Arabic-speaking states were also drawn by imperial powers. If the borders were based upon Arabic dialects, yes, then there would be a single Levantine state, a Mesopotamian state, including Aramaic and Mandean speakers but ideally not Kurds or Turkomen, a large Maghrebian state, including Berber speakers, and something like Egypt, the Arabic of which contains various related sub-dialects of accents, plus of course the Coptic Christian language.
The difference in the case of Palestine is that along with drawing the borders, the imperial powers, Turkey and Britain, also permitted millions of non-Muslim, non-Christian and non-Arabic European and later, under Israel, North African, immigrants to settle in that small area, displacing up to a million of its indigenous Muslim and Christian population and driving them into refugee camps.
displacing up to a million of its indigenous Muslim and Christian population and driving them into refugee camps.
That is a gross misrepresentation of history. If you are going to continue this discourse, I challenge you sir to post under your own name rather than hiding behind a pseudonym. For those who give a d*mn, and aren’t already entrenched in one position of hate or another, here’s the (admitted) very short version of an extremely complex matter:
1. In 1947 there were no Palestinians. There were only Arabs and Jews living in place loosely called Palestine.
2. In 1947, the UN enacted the Palestine Partition plan which called for the State of Israel to be created in 1948 and an Arabic state called Palestine to be created in 1949.
3. On the birth of Israel in 1948, the Arab countries attacked attempting to destroy Israel. On doing do so, they over ran the West Bank and the Gaza strip, which constituted the majority of the land promised to a Palestinian state.
4. One of the consequences of the war was that a lot of people got displaced, and when the shooting stopped there were new borders and lot of people standing on the wrong side of the border. It was a war, evil things happen in a war, and this is one of the consequences.
5. So yes, hundreds of thousands of Arabs got displaced. A little known side effect is that about the same number of Jews were forced from their homes into Israel by the Arab states.
6. For the next 19 years, the Palestinian quest for a state was stymied by….Egypt and Jordan, who occupied Gaza and the West Bank respectively. They could have turned it over to the Palestinians to create a state of their own, but they had no interest in doing so. Their only interest was in having a border with Israel they could launch another war from. The Palestinians were kept in abject misery, with hatred for Israel fomented among them to produce a steady supply of terrorists.
7. In the 1967 war, Israel captured Gaza and the West Bank from Egypt and Jordan respectively.
8. Since then, Israel has been attempting to trade both territories for a peace deal.
9. Palestinian leadership has been looting the treasury and abusing the Palestinian people ever since. Arafat went so far as to take the cement donated by Egypt to rebuild Gaza and sell it to Israeli contractors building the fence he railed about in public, and pocket the money. In all, he may have looted the Palestinian treasury of over a Billion dollars, which his wife and daughter now spend freely on themselves. If anyone think Mahmoud Abbas is any different, they are fools.
So…. were people displaced? Yes. War is an ugly thing. Were hundreds of thousands of Jews displaced as well as hundreds of thousands of Arabs? Yes. But here is the big question. Who paid in blood to capture the land promised to the “Palestinians” and then turn control of it over to them? Not the United Nations who promised it to them and then for 19 years were silently complicit with Egypt and Jordan, not their Arab brothers in Egypt and Jordan, who, for 19 years could have, with the stroke of a pen, turned it over to them, but in fact they received it from the hated Jews who fought wars and paid in blood in order to do that.
The suffering the Palestinian people is one of the grotesque tragedies of history. But they have been abused primarily by their Arab “brothers” and by their blatantly corrupt leadership.
Talk about gross misrepresentation!
Jewish settlers in Palestine moved into the territory allotted to or captured by Israel. To compare that with permanent refugee status in other countries would be ludicrous if not obscene.
Israel forcibly drove people from their homes in land their families had occupied for thousands of years, and have not been allowed back. To say, that’s war doesn’t cut it. Before Arab armies came to the rescue of Palestinians, Jewish terrorists had been driving Arabs from their land for decades. During the war, tens or hundreds of thousands of Europeans flooded into Israel. The only competent army among the newly independent Arab states was Jordan’s Arab Legion, which intentionally didn’t attack into land assigned by the UN to Israel, because he hoped to benefit from the Jewish state.
To this day, Arab Israelis are third class citizens. Israel still has no written constitution because it would have to enshrine theocratic rule, with Jewish Israelis as first class citizens, Samaritans, Druze and Christians second class and Muslims as third class, based upon their military status, for example.
Israel’s right to exist is the same as any other conqueror’s, but that hardly affords it any moral high ground. Sorry, but you’ve bought into Israeli propaganda, designed for consumption in the US. Israelis in Israel know the score.
vlparker says:
Would be nice, but neither laws nor common sense seem to have any effect on politicians.
Questing Vole December 26, 2015 at 9:51 am
Indeed, it’s the dreaded “thread drift” phenomenon working its troublous ways …
Folks, how about we all let go of the Middle East problem? We’re not going to solve it here, that’s for sure. My thanks to all who have posted opinions about it, and this is a site for science. So let me suggest that we leave the comments on the history, present, and future of that poor benighted section of the planet for another time and place.
Thanks, and best Boxing Day wishes to all,
“I was going to reply to Gloateus Maximus, but in view of Willis’s very reasonable request, I would just wish both of them all the best for 2016.
שלום עליי אדמות; רצון טוב לגברים.
السلام على الأرض؛ النوايا الحسنة للرجال.
Ειρήνη στη γη; καλή θέληση με τους άνδρες.
Pacem in Terra da; hominibus bonae voluntatis.
Sorry I can’t do Aramaic, the language of the Essene Jewish, 1st century itinerant rural Syrian/Galilean/Palestinian preacher Yeshua and His Disciples.
Thanks, Soolomon and Gloateus. The denizens of this site are the best! The best of the season to everyone.
Thanks Willis, given the teeny-tiny sliver of land; this tiny prosperous country, Israel is surrounded by Arab-Muslim countries – not so prosperous to say the least- very pathetic that they get away with beating up on Israel at the rathole that is the UN, but nothing against any of these other countries with extremely horrific human rights abuses.
Like when are Gaza’s next elections again? Tyrannical barbaric rulers ok with UN…
All I can say is Always Live Israel.
Belated Merry Christmas to you as well Willis. 🙂
Larry Butler says:
http://gtr5.com
Nothing else needs to be said. It was no accident…..
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Not to be confused with Nunavik, a region in northern Quebec, or Nunatsiavut, an autonomous Inuit region in northern Newfoundland and Labrador.
For the Canadian federal electoral district, see Nunavut (electoral district).
ᓄᓇᕗᑦ
Nickname: {{{Nickname}}}
Motto: ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᓴᙱᓂᕗᑦ (Inuktitut)
"Nunavut Sannginivut"
"Our land, our strength"
Largest metro
Inuit (Inuktitut • Inuinnaqtun)
French[1]
Nunavummiut
Nunavummiuq (sing.)[2]
Commissioner Edna Elias
Premier Peter Taptuna (Independent)
Legislative Assembly of Nunavut
(in Canadian Parliament)
House seats 1 of 308 (0.3%)
Senate seats 1 of 105 (1%)
April 1, 1999 (13th)
Area [3]
Ranked 1st
Total 2,038,722 km2 (787,155 sq mi)
Land 1,877,787 km2 (725,018 sq mi)
Water (%) 160,935 km2 (62,137 sq mi) (7.9%)
Proportion of Canada 20.4% of 9,984,670 km2
Population [3]
Ranked 13th
Total (2011) 31,906
Density (2011) 0.02 /km2 (0.052 /sq mi)
Total (2011) C$1.964 billion[4]
Per capita C$58,452 (6th)
Postal NU
ISO 3166-2 CA-NU
UTC-5, UTC-6, UTC-7
Postal code prefix
Purple Saxifrage[5]
Rock Ptarmigan[6]
Rankings include all provinces and territories
This article contains Canadian Aboriginal syllabic characters. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of syllabics.
Nunavut /ˈnuːnəˌvʊt/ (from Inuktitut: ᓄᓇᕗᑦ [ˈnunavut]) is the largest, northernmost and newest territory of Canada. It was separated officially from the Northwest Territories on April 1, 1999, via the Nunavut Act[7] and the Nunavut Land Claims Agreement Act,[8] though the boundaries had been contemplatively drawn in 1993. The creation of Nunavut resulted in the first major change to Canada's political map since the incorporation of the new province of Newfoundland and Labrador in 1949.
Nunavut comprises a major portion of Northern Canada, and most of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Its vast territory makes it the fifth-largest country subdivision in the world, as well as the largest in North America. The capital Iqaluit (formerly "Frobisher Bay") on Baffin Island, in the east, was chosen by the 1995 capital plebiscite. Other major communities include the regional centres of Rankin Inlet and Cambridge Bay. Nunavut also includes Ellesmere Island to the far north, as well as the eastern and southern portions of Victoria Island in the west and Akimiski Island in James Bay to the far south. It is the only geo-political region of Canada that is not connected to the rest of North America by highway.[citation needed]
Nunavut is both the least populous and the largest in area of the provinces and territories of Canada. One of the most remote, sparsely settled regions in the world, it has a population of 31,906,[3] mostly Inuit, spread over land area the size of Western Europe, Mexico, or Indonesia. Nunavut is also home to the northernmost permanently inhabited place in the world, Alert. A weather station further down Ellesmere Island, Eureka, has the lowest average annual temperature of any weather station in Canada.[9]
2.1 Climate
3.1 Archaeological findings
3.2 First written historical accounts
3.3 Cold War
3.4 Recent history
4 Demography
5.1 Mining and exploration
5.2 Advanced mining projects
5.3 Historic mines
5.5 Renewable power
6.1 Licence plates
6.2 Flag and coat of arms
7.4 Performing arts
7.5 Nunavummiut (notable people)
Nunavut means "our land" in Inuktitut.
Main article: Geography of Nunavut
Nunavut covers 1,877,787 km2 (725,018 sq mi)[3] of land and 160,935 km2 (62,137 sq mi)[10] of water in Northern Canada. The territory includes part of the mainland, most of the Arctic Archipelago, and all of the islands in Hudson Bay, James Bay, and Ungava Bay (including the Belcher Islands), which belonged to the Northwest Territories. This makes it the fifth largest subnational entity (or administrative division) in the world. If Nunavut were a country, it would rank 15th in area.[11]
Nunavut has land borders with the Northwest Territories on several islands as well as the mainland, Manitoba to the south of the Nunavut mainland, Saskatchewan to the southwest (at a single four-corner point) and a tiny land border with Newfoundland and Labrador on Killiniq Island. It also shares maritime borders with the provinces of Quebec, Ontario, and Manitoba and with Greenland.
Nunavut's highest point is Barbeau Peak (2,616 m (8,583 ft)) on Ellesmere Island. The population density is 0.015 persons per square kilometre, one of the lowest in the world. By comparison, Greenland has approximately the same area and nearly twice the population.[12]
Climate[edit]
Nunavut experiences a polar climate in most regions, owing to its high latitude.
Average daily maximum and minimum temperatures for selected locations in Nunavut[13]
July (°C)
July (°F)
January (°C)
January (°F)
Alert 6/1 43/33 -29/-36 -20/-33
Baker Lake 17/6 63/43 −28/−35 −18/−31
Cambridge Bay 13/5 55/41 −29/−35 −19/−32
Eureka 9/3 49/37 −33/−40 −27/−40
Iqaluit 12/4 54/39 -23/-31 -9/-24
Kugluktuk 16/6 60/43 −23/−31 −10/−25
Rankin Inlet 15/6 59/43 −27/−34 −17/−30
Main article: History of Nunavut
See also: Paleo-Eskimo, Pre-Dorset, Dorset culture, Thule people, and Inuit
Inuit women at Ashe Inlet, 1884.
The region now known as Nunavut has supported a continuous indigenous population for approximately 4,000 years. Most historians identify the coast of Baffin Island with the Helluland described in Norse sagas, so it is possible that the inhabitants of the region had occasional contact with Norse sailors.
Archaeological findings[edit]
In September 2008, researchers reported on the evaluation of existing and newly excavated archaeological remains, including yarn spun from a hare, rats, tally sticks, a carved wooden face mask that depicts Caucasian features, and possible architectural material. The materials were collected in five seasons of excavation at Cape Tanfield. Scholars determined that these provide evidence of European traders and possibly settlers on Baffin Island, not later than 1000 CE. They seem to indicate prolonged contact, possibly up to 1450. The origin of the Old World contact is unclear; the article states: "Dating of some yarn and other artifacts, presumed to be left by Vikings on Baffin Island, have produced an age that predates the Vikings by several hundred years. So [...] you have to consider the possibility that as remote as it may seem, these finds may represent evidence of contact with Europeans prior to the Vikings' arrival in Greenland."[14]
First written historical accounts[edit]
The written historical accounts of Nunavut begin in 1576, with an account by an English explorer. Martin Frobisher, while leading an expedition to find the Northwest Passage, thought he had discovered gold ore around the body of water now known as Frobisher Bay on the coast of Baffin Island.[15] The ore turned out to be worthless, but Frobisher made the first recorded European contact with the Inuit. Other explorers in search of the elusive Northwest Passage followed in the 17th century, including Henry Hudson, William Baffin and Robert Bylot.
Cold War[edit]
Cornwallis and Ellesmere Islands featured in the history of the Cold War in the 1950s. These island were prime candidates for the Soviet Union to launch warheads from. Concerned about the area's strategic geopolitical position, the federal government relocated Inuit from the High Arctic of northern Quebec to Resolute and Grise Fiord. In the unfamiliar and hostile conditions, they faced starvation[16] but were forced to stay.[17] Forty years later, the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples issued a report titled The High Arctic Relocation: A Report on the 1953–55 Relocation.[18] The government paid compensation to those affected and their descendants, but it did not apologize.[19]
Recent history[edit]
In 1976, as part of the land claims negotiations between the Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami (then called the "Inuit Tapirisat of Canada") and the federal government, the parties discussed division of the Northwest Territories to provide a separate territory for the Inuit. On April 14, 1982, a plebiscite on division was held throughout the Northwest Territories. A majority of the residents voted in favour and the federal government gave a conditional agreement seven months later.[20]
The land claims agreement was completed in September 1992 and ratified by nearly 85% of the voters in Nunavut in a referendum. On July 9, 1993, the Nunavut Land Claims Agreement Act[8] and the Nunavut Act[7] were passed by the Canadian Parliament. The transition to establish Nunavut Territory was completed on April 1, 1999.[21] The creation of Nunavut has been followed by growth in the capital Iqaluit, a modest increase from 5200 in 2001 to 6600 in 2011.
Demography[edit]
Main article: Demographics of Nunavut
See also: List of communities in Nunavut
Northeast coast of Baffin Island
As of the 2011 Census, the population of Nunavut was 31,906, an 8.3% increase from 2006.[3] In 2006, 24,640 people identified themselves as Inuit (83.6% of the total population), 100 as First Nations (0.34%), 130 Métis (0.44%) and 4,410 as non-aboriginal (14.96%).[22]
Ten largest communities
Iqaluit 6,699 6,184 8.3%
Rankin Inlet 2,577[23] 2,358 9.3%
Arviat 2,318 2,060 12.5%
Baker Lake 1,872 1,728 8.3%
Cambridge Bay 1,608 1,477 8.9%
Pond Inlet 1,549 1,315 17.8%
Igloolik 1,454 1,538 −5.5%
Kugluktuk 1,450 1,302 11.4%
Pangnirtung 1,425 1,325 7.5%
Cape Dorset 1,363 1,236 10.3%
The population growth rate of Nunavut has been well above the Canadian average for several decades, mostly due to birth rates significantly higher than the Canadian average—a trend that continues. Between April and July 2010, Nunavut had the highest population growth rate of any Canadian province or territory, at a rate of 1.01%.[24] The second highest was Yukon, with a growth rate of 0.90%. However, Nunavut has a large net loss from migration, due to many native Inuit leaving the territory for better economic opportunity elsewhere.
Along with the Inuit language (Inuktitut and Inuinnaqtun), English and French are also official languages.[1]
In his 2000 commissioned report (Aajiiqatigiingniq Language of Instruction Research Paper) to the Nunavut Department of Education, Ian Martin of York University states that a "long-term threat to Inuit language from English is found everywhere, and current school language policies and practices on language are contributing to that threat" if Nunavut schools follow the Northwest Territories model. He provides a 20-year language plan to create a "fully functional bilingual society, in Inuktitut and English" by 2020. The plan provides different models, including:
"Qulliq Model", for most Nunavut communities, with Inuktitut as the main language of instruction.
"Inuinnaqtun Immersion Model", for language reclamation and immersion to revitalize Inuinnaqtun as a living language.
"Mixed Population Model", mainly for Iqaluit (possibly for Rankin Inlet), as the 40% Qallunaat, or non-Inuit, population may have different requirements.[25]
Inuk man, Arviat
Of the 29,025 responses to the census question concerning 'mother tongue', the most commonly reported languages were:
1. Inuktitut 20,185 69.54%
2. English 7,765 26.75%
3. French 370 1.27%
4. Inuinnaqtun 295 1.02%
Only English and French were counted as official languages in the census. Nunavut's official languages are shown in bold. Figures shown are for the number of single-language responses and the percentage of total single-language responses.[26]
In the 2006 census it was reported that 2,305 people (7.86%) living in Nunavut had no knowledge of either official language of Canada (English or French).[27]
The largest denominations by number of adherents according to the 2001 census were the Anglican Church of Canada with 15,440 (58%); the Roman Catholic Church (Roman Catholic Diocese of Churchill-Baie d'Hudson) with 6,205 (23%); and Pentecostal with 1,175 (4%).[28] In total, 93.2% of the population are Christian.
The economy of Nunavut is Inuit and Territorial Government, mining, oil gas mineral exploration, arts crafts, hunting, fishing, whaling, tourism, transportation, education - Nunavut Arctic College, housing, military and research – new Canadian High Arctic Research Station CHARS in planning for Cambridge Bay and high north Alert Bay Station. Iqaluit hosts the annual Nunavut Mining Symposium every April, this is a tradeshow that showcases many economic activities on going in Nunavut.
Mining and exploration[edit]
The current and only mine in production in 2013 is Agnico-Eagle Mines Ltd - Meadowbank Division. Meadowbank is an open pit gold mine with an estimated mine life 2010-2018 and employs 678 persons. Cost to produce an ounce of gold is $913.00[29] The north holds vast reserves of coal, oil, and gas and, increasingly, these areas are being looked at to move into production.
Advanced mining projects[edit]
In the region of
Mary River Baffinland Iron Mines Pond Inlet Iron ore
Meliadine Gold Agnico-Eagle Rankin Inlet Gold
Back River Project Sabina Gold & River Corp. Bathurst Inlet Gold
Izok Corridor Project MMG Resources Inc. Kugluktuk Gold, Copper, Silver, Zinc
Hackett River Xstrata Zinc Canada Kugluktuk Copper, Lead, Silver, Zinc
Chidliak Peregrine Diamonds Ltd. Iqaluit / Pangnirtung Diamonds
Committee Bay, Three Bluffs Gold Project North Country Gold Ltd. Repulse Bay Gold
Kiggavik Areva Resources Baker Lake Uranium
Hope Bay Doris North Mine TMAC Holdings Cambridge Bay Gold
Roche Bay Advanced Exploration Hall Beach Iron Ore
Ulu and Lupin Eligin Mining Ltd. Contwoyto Lake - connected to Yellowknife with an ice road Gold
Storm Copper Property Commander Resources Ltd. Taloyoak Copper
Historic mines[edit]
Lupin Mine 1982–2005 - gold, current owner Elgin Mining Ltd located near the Northwest Territories boundary near Contwoyto Lake)[30]
Polaris Mine 1982–2002—lead and zinc (located on Little Cornwallis Island, not far from Resolute)
Nanisivik Mine 1976–2002 — lead and zinc, prior owner Breakwater Resources Ltd (near Arctic Bay) at Nanisivik
Rankin Nickel Mine 1957–1962, nickel, copper and platinum group metals
Jericho Diamond Mine 2006–2008, diamond (located 400 km, 250 mi, northeast of Yellowknife) 2012 produced diamonds from existing stockpile, no new mining - closed.
Doris North Gold Mine Newmont Mining approx 3 km underground drifting/mining, none milled or processed. Newmont closed the mine and sold it to TMAC Resources in 2013. TMAC is now advancing this project.
Northern Transportation Company Limited, owned by Norterra, a holding company jointly owned by the Inuvialuit of the Northwest Territories and the Inuit of Nunavut.[31][32]
Renewable power[edit]
Open ocean, shown here in Nunavut, in northern Canada, absorbs more sunshine, while sea ice reflects more, accelerating freezing.
Currently the people of Nunavut rely primarily on diesel fuel[33] to run generators and heat homes, with fossil fuel shipments coming from southern Canada by plane or boat because there are few to no roads or rail links to the region.[34] There is a government effort to use more renewable energy sources,[35] which is generally supported by the community.[36]
This support comes from Nunavut feeling the effects of global warming.[37][38] “Climate change is very much upon us,” said Aariak. “It is affecting our hunters, the animals, the thinning of the ice is a big concern, as well as erosion from permafrost melting.” The region is warming about twice as fast as the global average, according to the UN’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
Government and politics[edit]
Legislative assembly building in Iqaluit
Nunavut has a Commissioner appointed by the federal Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development. As in the other territories, the commissioner's role is symbolic and is analogous to that of a Lieutenant-Governor. While the Commissioner is not formally a representative of Canada's head of state, a role roughly analogous to representing The Crown has accrued to the position.
Nunavut elects a single member of the Canadian House of Commons. This makes Nunavut the largest parliamentary riding in the world by area, just ahead of the American state of Alaska.
The members of the unicameral Legislative Assembly of Nunavut are elected individually; there are no parties and the legislature is consensus-based.[39] The head of government, the premier of Nunavut, is elected by, and from the members of the legislative assembly. As of January 21, 2014, the Premier is Peter Taptuna.
Faced by criticism of his policies, former Premier Paul Okalik set up an advisory council of eleven elders, whose function it is to help incorporate "Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit" (Inuit culture and traditional knowledge, often referred to in English as "IQ") into the territory's political and governmental decisions.[citation needed]
Owing to Nunavut's vast size, the stated goal of the territorial government has been to decentralize governance beyond the region's capital. Three regions—Kitikmeot, Kivalliq and Qikiqtaaluk/Baffin—are the basis for more localized administration, although they lack autonomous governments of their own.[citation needed]
The territory has an annual budget of C$700 million, provided almost entirely by the federal government. Former Prime Minister Paul Martin designated support for Northern Canada as one of his priorities for 2004, with an extra $500 million to be divided among the three territories.[citation needed]
In 2001, the government of New Brunswick[citation needed] collaborated with the federal government and the technology firm SSI Micro to launch Qiniq, a unique network that uses satellite delivery to provide broadband Internet access to 24 communities in Nunavut. As a result, the territory was named one of the world's "Smart 25 Communities" in 2006 by the Intelligent Community Forum, a worldwide organization that honours innovation in broadband technologies.
In September 2012, Premier Eva Aariak welcomed Prince Edward and Sophie, Countess of Wessex, to Nunavut as part of the events marking the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II.[40]
Licence plates[edit]
The Nunavut licence plate was originally created for the Northwest Territories in the 1970s. The plate has long been famous worldwide for its unique design in the shape of a polar bear. Nunavut was licensed by the NWT to use the same licence plate design in 1999 when it became a separate territory,[41] but adopted its own plate design in March 2012 for launch in August 2012—a rectangle that prominently features the northern lights, a polar bear and an inuksuk.[41][42]
Flag and coat of arms[edit]
The flag and the coat of arms of Nunavut were designed by Andrew Karpik from Pangnirtung.[43]
Music[edit]
Inuit drum dancing, Gjoa Haven, Nunavut
Main article: Music of Nunavut
The indigenous music of Nunavut includes Inuit throat singing and drum-led dancing, along with country music, bluegrass, square dancing, the button accordion and the fiddle, an infusion of European influence.
The Inuit Broadcasting Corporation is based in Nunavut. The territory is also served by Nunatsiaq News and Nunavut News/North, published by Northern News Services, who also publish the regional Kivalliq News.[44] Broadband internet is provided by Qiniq and Northwestel through Netkaster.[45][46]
Film[edit]
The film production company Isuma is based in Igloolik. Co-founded by Zacharias Kunuk and Norman Cohn in 1990, the company produced the 1999 feature Atanarjuat, winner of the Caméra d'Or for Best First Feature Film at the 2001 Cannes Film Festival. It was the first feature film written, directed, and acted entirely in Inuktitut.
In November 2006, the National Film Board of Canada (NFB) and the Inuit Broadcasting Corporation announced the start of the Nunavut Animation Lab, offering animation training to Nunavut artists at workshops in Iqaluit, Cape Dorset and Pangnirtung.[47] Films from the Nunavut Animation Lab include Alethea Arnaquq-Baril's 2010 digital animation short Lumaajuuq, winner of the Best Aboriginal Award at the Golden Sheaf Awards and named Best Canadian Short Drama at the imagineNATIVE Film + Media Arts Festival.[48]
In November 2011, the government of Nunavut and the NFB jointly announced the launch of a DVD and online collection entitled Unikkausivut (Inuktitut: Sharing Our Stories), which will make over 100 NFB films by and about Inuit available in Inuktitut, Inuinnaqtun and other Inuit languages, as well as English and French. The Government of Nunavut is distributing Unikkausivut to every school in the territory.[49][50]
Performing arts[edit]
Artcirq is a collective of Inuit circus performers based in Igloolik.[51] The group has performed around the world, including at the 2010 Olympic Winter Games in Vancouver, British Columbia.
Nunavummiut (notable people)[edit]
Main article: List of people from Nunavut
Susan Aglukark is an Inuit singer and song writer. She has released six albums and has won several Juno Awards. She blends the Inuktitut and English languages with contemporary pop music arrangements to tell the stories of her people, the Inuit of Arctic.
On May 3, 2008, the Kronos Quartet premiered a collaborative piece with Inuit throat singer Tanya Tagaq, entitled Nunavut, based on an Inuit folk story. Tagaq is also known internationally for her collaborations with Icelandic pop star Björk.
Jordin John Kudluk Tootoo (Inuktitut syllabics: ᔪᐊᑕᓐ ᑐᑐ; born February 2, 1983 in Churchill, Manitoba, Canada) is a professional ice hockey player with the Detroit Red Wings of the National Hockey League (NHL). Although born in Manitoba, Tootoo grew up in Rankin Inlet, where he was taught to skate and play hockey by his father, Barney.
Book: Canada
Nunavut portal
Arctic portal
Chemetco, U.S. company that produced air-borne dioxin inferred to be the source of contamination in Nunavut
Archaeology in Nunavut
Scouting and Guiding in Nunavut
Symbols of Nunavut
Arctic policy of Canada
^1 Effective November 12, 2008.
^ a b Consolidation of (S.Nu. 2008,c.10) (NIF) Official Languages Act and Consolidation of Inuit Language Protection Act
^ Nunavummiut, the plural demonym for residents of Nunavut, appears throughout the Government of Nunavut website, proceedings of the Nunavut legislature, and elsewhere. Nunavut Housing Corporation, Discussion Paper Released to Engage Nunavummiut on Development of Suicide Prevention Strategy. Alan Rayburn, previous head of the Canadian Permanent Committee of Geographical Names, opined that: "Nunavut is still too young to have acquired [a gentilé], although Nunavutan may be an obvious choice." In Naming Canada: stories about Canadian place names 2001. (2nd ed. ed.). Toronto: University of Toronto Press. (ISBN 0-8020-8293-9); p. 50.
^ a b c d e "Census Profile Nunavut". Statistics Canada. June 28, 2010. Retrieved February 9, 2012.
^ "Gross domestic product, expenditure-based, by province and territory (2011)". Statistics Canada. November 19, 2013. Retrieved September 26, 2013.
^ "The Official Flower of Nunavut: Purple Saxifrage". Legislative Assembly of Nunavut. 2011. Retrieved July 31, 2011.
^ "The Official Bird of Nunavut: The Rock Ptarmigan". Legislative Assembly of Nunavut. 2011. Retrieved July 31, 2011.
^ a b Justice Canada (1993). "Nunavut Act". Retrieved April 26, 2007.
^ a b Justice Canada (1993). "Nunavut Land Claims Agreement Act". Retrieved April 26, 2007.
^ "Cold Places in Canada". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved March 12, 2013.
^ http://www.canadafaq.ca/nunavut/
^ See List of countries and outlying territories by total area
^ "CIA World Factbook". CIA. Retrieved February 16, 2011.
^ "Nunavut Alert - Whale Cove" (CSV (4222 KB)). Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment Canada. Climate ID: 2300MKF. Retrieved 2013-11-27.
^ Jane George, "Kimmirut site suggests early European contact: Hare fur yarn, wooden tally sticks may mean visitors arrived 1,000 years ago", Nunatsiaq News, September 12, 2008. Retrieved October 5, 2009
^ "Nunavut: The Story of Canada's Inuit People", Maple Leaf Web
^ Grise Fiord: History
^ McGrath, Melanie. The Long Exile: A Tale of Inuit Betrayal and Survival in the High Arctic. Alfred A. Knopf, 2006 (268 pages) Hardcover: ISBN 0-00-715796-7 Paperback: ISBN 0-00-715797-5
^ René Dussault and George Erasmus (1994). "The High Arctic Relocation: A Report on the 1953–55 Relocation". Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples, Toronto: Canadian Government Publishing. fedpubs.com.
^ Royte, Elizabeth (April 8, 2007). "Trail of Tears (review of Melanie McGrath, The Long Exile: A Tale of Inuit Betrayal and Survival in the High Arctic (2006)". The New York Times.
^ Peter Jull. "Building Nunavut: A Story of Inuit SelfGovernment". The Northern Review No. 1 (Summer 1988). Yukon College. pp. 59–72. Retrieved February 16, 2009.
^ CBC Digital Archives (2006). "Creation of Nunavut". CBC News. Retrieved April 26, 2007.
^ Statistics Canada (2006). "2006 Census Aboriginal Population Profiles". Retrieved January 16, 2008.
^ "Corrections and updates". Statistics Canada. August 13, 2013. Retrieved January 10, 2014.
^ "StatsUpdate". Prepared by Nunavut Bureau of Statistics. September 29, 2010. Retrieved November 20, 2010.
^ Board of Education (2000). Summary of Aajiiqatigiingniq (PDF). gov.nu.ca. Archived from the original on October 15, 2007. Retrieved October 27, 2007.
^ "Detailed Mother Tongue (186), Knowledge of Official Languages (5), Age Groups (17A) (3) (2006 Census)". 2.statcan.ca. December 7, 2010. Retrieved February 16, 2011.
^ Population by knowledge of official language, by province and territory (2006 Census). Statistics Canada. Retrieved January 15, 2010.
^ "Selected Religions, for Canada, Provinces and Territories – 20% Sample Data". 2.statcan.ca. Retrieved February 16, 2011.
^ http://www.agnicoeagle.com/en/Operations/Our-Operations/Meadowbank/Pages/default.aspx
^ "Wolfden Resources". Wolfden Resources. August 31, 2007. Retrieved February 16, 2011.
^ The NorTerra Group of Companies, corporate website
^ Northern Transportation Company Limited at NorTerra, corporate website
^ http://www.albertaoilmagazine.com/2011/07/canada%E2%80%99s-north-struggles-to-generate-a-cleaner-electricity-future/
^ Nunavut Region to Boost Renewable Power to Offset Climate Change by Jeremy van Loon Bloomberg.com December 7, 2011
^ McDonald, N.C.; J.M. Pearce (2012). "Renewable Energy Policies and Programs in Nunavut: Perspectives from the Federal and Territorial Governments". Arctic 65 (4): 465–475. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)
^ Nicole C. McDonald & Joshua M. Pearce, Community Voices: Perspectives on Renewable Energy in Nunavut, Arctic 66(1), pp. 94-104 (2013).
^ Nunavut and Climate Change, Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada
^ Nunavut Climate Change Centre
^ CBC Digital Archives (2006). "On the Nunavut Campaign Trail". CBC News. Retrieved April 26, 2007.
^ "Sophie Wessex pays sartorial tribute to her Canadian hosts". Hello magazine. September 13, 2012.
^ a b Sarah Rogers (March 6, 2012). "GN launches new license plate". Nunatsiaq Online.
^ "Nunavut licence plates 1999–present". 15q.net. Retrieved February 16, 2011.
^ "Facts about Nunavut: About the Flag and Coat of Arms".
^ "Newspapers in Nunavut". Altstuff.com. Retrieved November 10, 2011.
^ "Qiniq". Qiniq. Retrieved November 10, 2011.
^ "Netkaster". Netkaster.ca. Retrieved November 10, 2011.
^ George, Jane (November 3, 2006). "Nunavut’s getting animated". Nunatsiaq News. Retrieved November 8, 2011.
^ "Nunavut Animation Lab: Lumaajuuq". Collection. National Film Board of Canada. Retrieved November 8, 2011.
^ "Inuit films move online and into northern communities". CBC News. November 2, 2011. Retrieved November 5, 2011.
^ "New NFB collection includes 24 films on or by Inuit". Nunatsiaq News. November 4, 2011. Retrieved November 7, 2011.
^ "Bringing circus – and new hope – to a remote Arctic village". Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved December 28, 2009.
Alia, Valerie. (2007) Names and Nunavut Culture and Identity in Arctic Canada. New York: Berghahn Books. ISBN 1-84545-165-1
Henderson, Ailsa. (2007) Nunavut: Rethinking Political Culture. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press. ISBN 0-7748-1423-3
Dahl, Jens; Hicks, Jack, Jull, Peter (2002), Nunavut : Inuit regain control of their lands and their lives, International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs, ISBN 87-90730-34-8 Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)
Kulchyski, Peter Keith. (2005) Like the Sound of a Drum: Aboriginal Cultural Politics in Denendeh and Nunavut. Winnipeg: University of Manitoba Press. ISBN 0-88755-178-5
Sanna, Ellyn, and William Hunter. (2008) Canada's Modern-Day Aboriginal Peoples Nunavut & Evolving Relationships. Markham, Ont: Scholastic Canada. ISBN 978-0-7791-7322-8
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nunavut.
Look up Nunavut in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Nunavut Kavamat / Government of Nunavut: Official site
Nunavut on the Open Directory Project
Map showing regions of Nunavut (from Nunavut Government website)[dead link]
Nunavut Planning Commission
Annual Nunavut Mining Symposium held in April each year
Nunavut Tunngavik Inc.: Nunavut Land Claims website
The Nunavut Act of 1993 at Canadian Legal Information Institute
Nunavut K-12 bilingual language instruction plan: Martin, Ian. Aajiiqatigiingniq Language of Instruction Research Paper. Nunavut: Dept. of Education, 2000.[dead link]
Explore Nunavut: Travel information and community guides
Nunavut Parks
Nunavut Tourism
CBC North Radio: hear Inuktitut and English radio from Nunavut
Territorial newspaper reporting in Inuktitut and English, Nunatsiaq News
Nunavut News from News/North
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Book Wilkow
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Dinesh Joseph D’Souza
UIS WebDev3 December 17, 2018
Dinesh Joseph D'Souza
Dinesh D’Souza has had a prominent career as a writer, scholar, and public intellectual, and has also become an award-winning filmmaker. Born in India, D’Souza came to the U.S. as an exchange student at the age of 18 and graduated Phi Beta Kappa from Dartmouth College. Called one of the “top young public-policy makers in the country,” D’Souza quickly became known as a major force in public policy through his books, speeches, and films.
D’Souza has won numerous awards including “Best Documentary” for America (The Dove Foundation), and he has been called one of the “top young public-policy makers in the country” by Investor’s Business Daily.
As the author of over 15 nationally renowned books—many of them #1 New York Times bestsellers—D’Souza has been invited to speak to groups all over the country on politics, philosophy, and Christianity. His razor-sharp wit and entertaining style have allowed him to participate in highly-publicized debates about politics and Christianity with some of the most famous atheists and leftists of our time, including Christopher Hitchens, Bill Ayers, and others.
One of D’Souza’s favorite venues for debates and speeches has always been college campuses. During the past 25 years, he has appeared at hundreds of colleges and universities and spoken with hundreds of thousands of students in these live settings.
https://www.dineshdsouza.com/
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Is a 'Bird Box' Sequel Coming Soon?
The author has more to say about Malorie and the monster
Michael Cerio
Bryan Bedder / Stringer
Is there more to see from the world of Bird Box?
The Netflix film which became a phenomenon earlier this year, broke streaming records for the service, launched a thousand memes, and created a dangerously ridiculous challenge. With over 45 million accounts watching the film in the first seven days since its release, Bird Box was a suspenseful pop culture force.
Related: Here’s the Darker Ending and Unseen Monster That Almost Made ‘Bird Box’
Based on the 2014 book by Josh Malerman, the author says he's ready to explore what happens next. Malorie will be the sequel to the original book, and will continue the story from where the film leaves off. "In the time between Bird Box coming out and the time since I’ve been writing Malorie, I’ve been asked a ton of times: people want to know what happened with Boy and Girl" Malerman tells Esquire. "But as much as I care about Boy and Girl, this isn’t their story. The Bird Box world is Malorie’s story, and I wanted to know more about her. I wanted to get to know her even better."
"At the end of the movie, I turned to my girl Allison and said, 'I want to know what happens next!' and she’s like, 'Well, you know, you could make that happen,' so it really was this warm feeling."
For the sequel, Malerman returned to the same space where he wrote the original book, an old mansion in Detroit. For Bird Box the author actually wrote with several birds flying around as he worked. "It was this open ballroom space, with this desk and this birdcage and the birdcage was open" he explains. "So while I was writing Bird Box, these birds would be like… literally flying around this big open space while I was writing it. Obviously that influenced the book in certain ways."
There's no word on if the birds returned for him to pen the sequel, but we do know that we'll learn about both sides in the upcoming book. "We get to know both Malorie and the creatures better" he says, careful not to give away too much.
Bird Box was the first novel from Malerman, who is also a part of the band The High Strung. Malorie is due out on October 1st, 2019.
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Motocross of Nations team are ready to roll
Posted by Workshop Graphics on 3rd Oct 2018
Mount Maunganui's Cody Cooper and Rhys Carter are in their final stages of preparation for a massive international event that brings together the world's elite motocross racers to fly the flags of their homelands.
Cooper (Honda) and Carter (Yamaha) make up two thirds of the New Zealand team, with Auckland-based former Takaka man Hamish Harwood (KTM), flying the Kiwi flag at the Motocross of Nations, widely referred to as "The Olympic Games of Motocross", in the United States this weekend.
The team is ready to take on the rest of the world at the biggest motocross event of the year, this season's 72nd annual edition of the MXoN, set for Red Bud, in Michigan, on Saturday and Sunday. This one-weekend event is where racers put aside the past season's rivalries and unite instead along different battle lines.
Cooper is one rider in particular who should feel right at home in the US this weekend, having been an integral part of nine MXoN campaigns in the past. He has also spent a lot of time this year racing the US nationals, with one round of that series even staged at the same Michigan track.
His wealth of experience could be the difference between the team earning a top 10 result this weekend or failing to qualify among the 20 countries that will progress to the final stages of the competition on Sunday.
Taupo businessman Bevan Weal and New Plymouth's former 500cc motocross world champion Shayne King will share the behind-the-scenes task of managing the Kiwi campaign - and they are aware facing the world's elite on such a massive stage is not an easy task.
"I think this is one of the best teams we have had in a few years now," King says.
"I mean no disrespect to the teams we have had over the past couple of years, but this year we are a lot better organised and a lot more planning has been done. Bevan and I have worked together very closely on a lot of things. We have also been working to help develop this for the future too."
Words: nzherald.co.nz
MXoN
Cody Cooper
Rhys Carter
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Home>About Us>Board and Staff>Review Committee Executive Directors>Pamela Derstine, PhD, MHPE
Pamela Derstine, PhD, MHPE
Dr. Derstine joined the ACGME in 2005 and is the Executive Director for the Review Committees for Colon and Rectal Surgery, Neurological Surgery, Orthopaedic Surgery, and Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery. She previously served as Executive Director for the Review Committees for Medical Genetics and Psychiatry, and as a Senior Project Manager in the Department of Accreditation Committees (now the Department of Accreditation Services) and in the former Department of Education and Research. Prior to joining the ACGME, Dr. Derstine was director of curriculum and faculty development at Loyola University Medical Center, and a researcher at the University of Chicago, Argonne National Laboratory, and Loyola University Medical Center. Her past experience also includes two years as an ASCP-certified medical technologist. She was the ACGME Portfolio Director between April 2007 and June 2009, and Chair of the Requirements Development Committee between 2009 and 2011. She is the staff author of the Program Director Guide to the Common Program Requirements, developed the Review Committee Citation Resource for the Common Program Requirements, Citation Glossaries for all core specialty Program Requirements, and developed the Notable Practices resource. Dr. Derstine earned an MHPE from the University of Illinois Chicago with a research project to assess the measurement characteristics of a multi-program online evaluation system. She earned her PhD in molecular genetics from Northwestern University and her BS in medical technology from Northern Illinois University.
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2019 International Conference on Comparative Theology
Presentation Abstracts
Dr Albertus Bagus Laksana SJ. Sanata Dharma University School of Theology, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Title: ‘Comparative Theology and Inter-religious Learning: Religious Identity and Citizenship in a Plural Society.’
Description: Growing religious exclusivism, radicalism and fundamentalism among students in contemporary Indonesia have resulted in an urgent need for comparative theology as a method of interreligious learning. Even though the idea of citizenship in the Indonesian context necessitates interreligious sensibility, yet religious literacy among students, especially about religions other than their own, is strikingly low. I argue the need for comparative theology in Indonesia to be fluid about its methodology. Students may have a strong religious identity themselves, but many are not spiritually or psychologically ready to engage meaningfully with other religions. This paper examines the preparatory work required to help students overcome a sense of alterity. The paper also suggests a pedagogy that integrates a rigorous study of religious texts and a more sensory encounter with religious traditions through material culture (rituals and sacred space).
Prof Michael Stoeber. Scarboro Missions Chair in Interreligious Dialogue. Regis College, Toronto School of Theology and the University of Toronto, Canada.
Title: ‘Indigenous and Roman Catholic Canonizations of Nicholas Black Elk: Postcolonial Issues and Inter-religious Implications of Black Elk Speaks.’
Description: The story about the influential Lakota holy man and healer—Black Elk Speaks (1932)—has become widely popular and an authoritative guide for North American indigenous spirituality. However, given Nick Black Elk’s conversion to Roman Catholicism and his work as a Roman Catholic catechist some twenty-five years prior to its publication, controversy surrounds this book. How does Black Elk’s Roman Catholicism color the dynamics of the Lakota (Teton Sioux) spirituality in the book? What is the role of colonialization in the dynamics? How are we to understand Black Elk’s transforming identity in light of this apparent shift to Lakota—Roman Catholic multiple religious belonging? How has the work supported contemporary shifts in Roman Catholic spirituality? These questions have now been further complicated by the recent initiation of the cause for the sainthood of Black Elk by Roman Catholic authorities. How might this process towards canonization function to continue the Roman Catholic Church’s role in colonialism? How might it actually work to support the Indigenous spirituality that Black Elk articulated so influentially?
This presentation will explore these comparative questions in reference to postcolonial theories of C. Keller, H. Bhaba, and G. Tinker, as well as to various commentaries on Black Elk’s spirituality. It will highlight liberation theology in analyzing the religious hybridity of Black Elk. It will also show how Black Elk’s nomination for canonization might support certain shifts in various areas of Roman Catholic spirituality, in light of Lakota influences: to respectful approaches to visionary mysticism and dreams, to a transformed sense of spiritual intimacy with nature, to ecological consciousness and responsibility, and to positive affirmations of embodied spirituality.
Prof Celestina Omoso Isiramen. Department of Religious Management & Cultural Studies, Ambrose Alli University, Nigeria.) (PHOTO supplied):
Title: ‘Religious Identity: A Pedagogy for Interreligious Education among Nigerian Christians.’
Description: Post-modern religious pluralism presents unique challenges to religious educators who must find ways to respond honestly to the diverse realities of contemporary societies. In the sphere of inter religious encounter, identity relates to one possessing a strong confidence on one’s religious identity in relation to the ‘other’. A striking development among Nigerian Christians of today is reflected in their seeming disconnect from their genuine religious identity. This manifests in the “I am born again” abstract response to questions that border on religious identity. It presents a problematic trend as it fails to accurately highlight the honest specificities of people’s practical religious identity, especially when most people appear not to be straight-forward Christians. This paper addressed these pedagogical challenges in relation to identity conflict, acknowledgement of the differences of the ‘other’ and at the same time, respect for commonalities. I discuss how post-modern inter religious encounter can advance from the realm of abstraction to practical religious identity in relation to methodology, content and participants’ consideration for progressive inter-religious education.
Andrew Kingsford. Comparative Theology Focus Group, Melbourne, Australia.
Title: ‘Saiva Ritual Defended - and Repudiated? A Comparison of the views of Arumuga Navalar and J.M. Nallaswami Pillai.’
Description: Profound transformations occurred in Saiva Siddanta, the dominant form of South Indian Saivism and one of the eighteen Saivite sects in India between approximately 1880 and 1950. Factors implicated in the transformation include: the impact of Christian missionary activities and their modes of evangelisation, the growth of an English Speaking middle class, development of a vernacular print culture, and the recovery of ancient Tamil classics - reinterpreted according to modern Western philology. Simultaneously, a longstanding social cleavage between the regionally dominant Vellala caste, traditionally associated with the Saiva Siddhanta Mathams, and the mainly Saivite Tamil Speaking (but Sanskrit- oriented) Brahman community was politicized. My discussion examine this situation and focuses on the efforts of Aroura Navalar (1822-79) and J.M. Nallaswami Pillai (1864 -1920).
[123 words]
Assoc. Prof John D’Arcy May. Trinity College Dublin, Australian Catholic University.
Title: ‘Non-duality: A Christian Option?’
Abstract: Henri le Saux OSB (Abhishiktananda) went to India in 1948 to live as a sannyasin and died there in 1973 after a long struggle to reconcile his Christian practice with the Indian ideal of advaita, ‘non-duality’. This is not an abstract idea but the goal of spiritual practice in many Asian religious traditions, most radically in the second century Mahāyāna Buddhist scholar-monk Nāgārjuna. The Christian mystical theologian who came closest to this was possibly Meister Eckhart (1260-1328), drawing on the ‘negative theology’ of Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite (5th-6th c.). For seeming to identify the ground of the soul with God, Eckhart was investigated for heresy. Is non-duality the ultimately inescapable dimension of any serious spiritual practice, whether theistic or non-theistic? Is it compatible with Christian thought and practice based on Trinitarian theologies of creation, incarnation and redemption? Or can it be understood as clarifying and deepening the quest for union with God? The paper will draw on studies of Buddhist and Christian spiritual traditions by David Loy and Denys Turner.
Assoc. Prof John Dupuche. University of Divinity, Melbourne.
Title: ‘Comparative theology and religious education in Catholic Schools.’
Abstract: How does a Catholic school maintain its specific identity while at the same time creating a vibrant community where students of all faiths are respected and their values promoted? This question lies at the basis of the document ‘Welcoming Each Other: Guidelines for Interfaith Education for the Schools in the Archdiocese of Melbourne’ which was approved and endorsed by the Most Rev. Dr Peter Comensoli, Archbishop of Melbourne, in his letter dated 4 October 2018. In his letter he also asked that “these guidelines be actively implemented in the schools of the Archdiocese…”
This paper explains how comparative theology answers this vital question. Indeed, the principles of comparative theology are the well-spring of this innovative document which shows how students can deepen their own faith by learning from other traditions, which avoids the pitfalls of relativism and indifferentism, which ensures that students from other religions or with no religion are integral to the particular character and ethos of the distinctively confessional Catholic school, and which prepares students for life in a multi-faith and multi-cultural Australia. The paper also shows how these principles can be applied to Jewish and Muslim, Hindu and Buddhist schools in Victoria, and indeed to non-confessional State schools.
A Delegation from the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue visited Australia in September 2018. At a meeting with Catholic Education Melbourne, Bishop Ayuso, head of the Delegation, publicly received this document, spoke to it and commented on its world-wide significance.
Dr Amanda Burritt (University of Melbourne) / Dr Katharine Massam (University of Divinity, Melbourne).
Title: ‘Stories of Faith’
Abstract: The contemporary multi-faith Australian classroom is a key place of interreligious encounter. Developing relevant and respectful pedagogical approaches to teach religiously and culturally diverse students presents challenges to teacher capacity and self-efficacy and to the writing and resourcing of curriculum.
The Victorian Curriculum (2016) includes intercultural understanding as a key capability to be addressed across all year levels and subject areas. It also recognises the diversity of faith-based and non-religious world views represented by Victorian school students and teachers.
Stories of faith, informed explicitly and implicitly by Indigenous and international theologies of storytelling, offer an opportunity to enrich interreligious knowledge and understanding, whilst enabling dialogical practices of teaching and learning. The recognition of personal stories and stories from traditions and cultures can help to foster mutual respect and responsible, informed citizenship amongst young Australians.
Prof Constant Mews, Director, Centre for Religious Studies, School of Philosophical, Historical and International Studies, Monash University, Melbourne.
Title: ‘Songlines and Sacred Teaching: Aquinas, Charlesworth and renewing contemplative pedagogies.’
Abstract: Sacred teaching, I argue, is potentially a more useful concept than theology when comparing aspects of cultural tradition. It is not often realised that Thomas Aquinas used the phrase doctrina sacra much more than theologia to refer to what he taught within his Summa (misleadingly called the Summa theologiae only after his death). Thomas preferred to keep the term theologia for its traditional contemplative sense of discourse about the divine rather than for ethics, redemption and the sacraments, all part of sacred teaching. Thomas saw sacred teaching as resting on both scripture and philosophical inquiry.
While Thomas had very limited knowledge of other religions, his pedagogical technique of drawing on different authorities can be applied to a wide range of sacred teachings. In particular I connect his approach to the way that the Australian philosopher, Max Charlesworth (1925-2014), discussed what he called religious inventions. While Christianity and other religions draws on written texts, I suggest that we can benefit from understanding songlines in indigenous tradition, as orally transmitted sacred texts that recall the story and journey of a spirit ancestor who gives life to the land and a particular people. Songlines, recalled in chant and dance, provide the pedagogical tool of sacred teaching in an indigenous context, but are by their nature sacred. Christians draw on the stories of the Jewish people, as interpreted through the experience and life-story of Christ.
In developing a contemporary pedagogy of sacred teaching, inflected by the experience of this land, the core value must be that of respect for the songlines and sacred stories of its many communities. While the different contexts of Aquinas, Charlesworth and indigenous traditions must be recognised, there are also benefits in allowing them to speak to each other in shared dialogue.
Michael Atkinson. Doctoral Candidate, La Trobe University, Melbourne.
Title: ‘Reciprocal illumination: extending the theory.’
Abstract: Inter-religious dialogue is based on the premise that there is more that unites than divides us; that there are inter-connections that bridge differences in religious values, beliefs and practices. Epistemological humility, acceptance of religious plurality or the need for unity itself have all been presented as unifying pathways across disparate religious traditions. Despite such approaches however, the specific question of how to undertake comparison and thereby approaches to dialogue have not arrived at a standard practice. Perry Schmidt-Leukel has presented Arvind Sharma’s comparative approach of ‘reciprocal illumination’ as a potential means to fill this void. As Sharma argues, the concept of reciprocal illumination embodies the idea that something in another religious tradition may enrich our understanding of our own religious tradition. Reciprocal illumination therefore presents as a dialogical approach with its focus on identity, mutual learning and reflective transformation. `This theoretical paper, although broadly sympathetic to Sharma’s approach, nevertheless points out that dialogical theory itself profits from a deep understanding of moral psychology and social learning theory; areas touched on, but not explored by Sharma. The former posits that a sense of ‘fairness’ and ‘universal care’ are aligned with religious acceptance. On the other hand values of sanctity, loyalty and authority promote a sense of religious conservatism thereby hindering liberal ideals around plurality and acceptance. The latter suggests that it is first and foremost the exploration of difference, not similarity, which provides the tension to question our preconceived moral values and constructions and thereby move to more inclusive ones. Through contextualising these theories within the reflective ideas put forward through diverse case studies, this paper suggests that bridging difference does not lie in making micrological comparisons, or exploring major topics such as truth but rather an acceptance (and even embrace) of religious ambiguity.
Dr Antonia Pizzey. Theology lecturer, ACU / FTP, Qld., Australia.
Title: ‘I am Who I am because of Who We All Are’: Exploring Links between Comparative Theology and Receptive Ecumenism.’
Abstract: This paper enquires into the dynamic between Comparative Theology and the emerging ecumenical method of Receptive Ecumenism. What can Receptive Ecumenism both learn from, and potentially offer to, Comparative Theology? The impetus behind Comparative Theology is that of deep learning which leads to the enrichment of the dialogue partners’ identities. Receptive Ecumenism shares this goal - it focuses on learning from the other in the service of deepening identity, rather than overcoming specific obstacles to achieve unity. This paper seeks to map out areas of potential enrichment between the two approaches focusing on how they grapple with the issue of ecclesial/religious identity in pluralistic context by not seeking to change the other, but being receptive to change in response to the other. The virtuous underpinnings of both Receptive Ecumenism and Comparative Theology, especially the virtues of hospitality and humility will receive specific attention. [143 words]
Dr Suleyman Sertkaya. Lecturer in Islamic Studies, Charles Sturt University, Melbourne.
Title: ‘The Concept of Infallibility: A Comparative Approach.’
Description: Islamic theological sources have long debated the concept of ismah (‘infallibility’) as it pertains to nubuwwah (‘prophet hood’). According to scholars of Islam, all prophets possess the essential attribute of ismah. The quality represents the bestowal by God of a pure, unwavering character upon His prophets and their consequent immunity from sin. Is ismah a universal gift of God to all holy people or does it apply only to prophets? William A. Curtis, in his entry to Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics, states that “to believe in inspiration, in revelation, in illumination, to accept a dogma, to proclaim a truth, implies in every case a faith in something infallible”. It would not be wrong to propose that all great world religions and their legal systems in one way or another derive from such authority. The Roman Catholic Church, for instance, speaks of the infallibility of the Church and the Pope and has explicitly and consistently articulated this conviction at numerous Ecumenical Councils.
In this paper I examine the concept of ‘infallibility’ (ismah) from both a Muslim and a Catholic perspective, demonstrating similarities and differences and questioning possible areas of overlap. My goal is to shed further light on the concept of ismah from a comparative theological perspective.
Ven. A/Professor Alex Bruce. Australian National University, College of Law and University of Oxford (DPhil Theology Candidate.)
Title: ‘Self & Salvation in Evagrius Ponticus and Tsongkhapa.’
Abstract: Both Eastern and Western societies in antiquity were concerned with notions of the “self” and its need for salvation, liberation or enlightenment. For Patristic Christian monastic Evagrius Ponticus (345-399 CE), influenced by the essentialist metaphysics of Platonic philosophy, the self was coextensive with the nous which extended into soul and body. In his influential trilogy the Praktikos, the Gnostikos and the Kephalia Gnostika, Evagrius outlines an astonishingly subtle path by which the monastic oscillates between praktikē (ascecis) and theoria (contemplation) in recovering the true self, by novating from body, then soul to the nous in its originally created relationship with God.
However, for Indo-Tibetan Buddhist monk-scholar Tsongkhapa (1357-1419 CE), and consistent with Buddhist philosophy, believing in and searching for the “self” is the very root of human suffering. In his seminal text the Lam rim chen mo (“Great Treatise on the Stages of the Path to Enlightenment”) Tsongkhapa utilizes sophisticated reasoning associated with the Prāsaṅgika-Madhyamaka (Middle Way Consequence) philosophical school to deconstruct the very notion of a self. For Tsongkhapa, believing in and attempting to recover a “true self” (ātman) simply perpetuates suffering within cyclic existence (saṃsāra), leading one further away from liberation or enlightenment.
Nevertheless, Evagrius is insistent that practices intended to recover the self, the nous, particularly apatheia (equanimity) does not lead to suffering, but to love (agape), something that at first glance, would puzzle Tsongkhapa. Given the contemporary phenomenon of Buddhist-Christian dual-belonging, this presentation discusses these themes and offers a potential solution to this puzzle.
Dr Hakan Coruh. Islamic Studies, Charles Sturt University, Sydney campus.
Title: ‘The Notion of Wisdom (Hebrew hokhmah; Arabic hikmah) in the Jewish, Christian and Islamic Traditions.’
Abstract: The concept of wisdom (hokhmah, hikmah) is a universal term dating back to Greek philosophy. The Hebrew hokhmah contains a common Semitic root, attested to in Aramaic and Arabic. While it is traditionally translated as wisdom, Biblical usage indicates a broader semantic range including intellectual prowess, sagacity, concrete skills such as spinning cloth (Ex. 35:25), and the art of dream interpretation (Gn. 41:8). At its highest level, hokhmah comes to be interpreted with piety in the wisdom literature of Hebrew Bible. Moreover, we see references to the concept of wisdom in the New Testament as well. Jesus is identified as possessing divine wisdom, the embodiment of Torah (Mt. 11: 25-30). Jesus is also considered as the earthly incarnation of the deity (Luke, 7:35) and one of his attributes is wisdom of God. In the Christian tradition, while Jewish wisdom literature is accepted, new interpretations are provided and sources which narrate Jesus’s sayings became dominant. The concept of hikmah is mentioned many times in the Qur’an (e.g. al-Baqara 2/269) and Prophetic traditions, and various interpretations are provided by commentators. In the Islamic intellectual tradition, the notion is also used to refer to ethics, good behavior, and philosophy. Muslim thinkers throughout Islamic history did not consider hikmah as special to Islamic civilization but accepted it as a bridge among various civilizations.
This paper first analyzes the concept of wisdom in the Abrahamic traditions, showing its universal character and the key ideas common to Jewish, Christian, and Muslim traditions. It then on the Muslim theologian ‘Adududdin al-Ijī’s (d. 756/1355) Ashlar ‘Adudiyya (Risalat al-Akhlaq), an influential classical moral ethics work, and its super-commentary by Tashkoprizade (d. 1561) as a case study with regard to the concept of wisdom. Al-Ijī considers wisdom (hikmah) as the middle way of the power of intellect, analysing seven faculties of hikmah. Tashkoprizade identifies hikmah with philosophy, elaborates it with its faculties, and defines hikmah as ‘Knowing things as they are and acting as required’
[329 words].
Assoc. Prof. Amy Yu Fu. Dept. of English, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China.
Title: ‘Selfhood and the “Unity of Knowing and Action”: Comparative Study of Wang Yang-ming and Swami Vivekananda’s Thought.’
Abstract: Various studies compare both Neo-Confucianism and Christianity, while others compare Indian and Western religions. However, only a few comparative studies of Neo-Confucian and Indian thought. This paper seeks to fill the gap in a small way, by comparing two representatives of Neo-Confucian and Hindu thought: the prominent Chinese philosopher Wang Yangming (1472-1529) and the well-known Indian philosopher and social activist Swami Vivekananda (1863-1963). There are incredible affinities between them, in spite of their significant differences on a number of important issues, including the concept of action, the concept of self, moral epistemology, and the relationship between knowledge and action. While in Wang Yangming’s philosophy, knowledge and action are one, and a person’s innate knowledge of good has to be extended to praxis, Swami Vivekananda, on the other hand, insists that direct perception is the valid way to acquire truth. For Vivekananda, the moral character of the inquirer conditions the discovery of truth as well. The thrust of the paper is to show how these seekers of truth open us to the possibility of dialogue between different traditions and by comparison, help us see each other anew.
Fatih Tuncer. Whittlesea City Council, Melbourne.
Title: ‘Was Rumi a Comparative Theologian?’
Abstract: Mawlana Jalaluddin Rumi, a 13th century Muslim Sufi poet, jurist and theologian was strongly grounded in the faith of Islam, a fact that never change until his final breath. However, Rumi, like many Sufis, was open to other religions, especially Christianity and Judaism. Rumi’s all-embracing worldview and regard for other religions are evident in his poems and parables and this has made his work attractive and accessible to the world; he is a best-selling poet in the United States and arguably one of the best-selling poets in the world.
My presentation focuses on the life of Rumi and his deliberate references to common and even rare notions contained in other religious traditions. I enquire why he makes these references and whether he consciously participated in comparative theology. The presentation gives rise to questions and discussion pertaining to whether one needs to be aware and intent on comparative theology to be considered a comparative theologian. What level of understanding is required to enter the domain of the ‘other’? Also, where do notions of humanism and universalism intersect with comparative theology?
Dr Christopher Longhurst. Lecturer in theology, The Catholic Institute of Aotearoa, New Zealand
Title: ‘Interfaith Dialogue through Comparative Theology in Abstract Pictorial Art.’
Abstract: This paper sets out to demonstrate how interfaith dialogue can benefit immensely from comparative theology by using non-figural abstract pictorial art. After defining the art type in question, the subject-matter-based approach to comparative theology of comparativist Robert Cummings Neville is taken up and applied to pictorial form (meaning made visible) and pictorial content (what is in the painting). Neville describes the subject matter of comparative theology as “religious and theological ideas that fall under comparative categories.” Various artworks are presented as capable of expressing these ideas from different religious traditions across religious categories, that is, the artworks underscore Neville’s description of comparative theological subject matter in visual pictorial imagery. How this art functions as illustrative medium for the intersection of comparable religious ideas will evidence an interfaith aspect of comparative theology. Master artworks under consideration are from the pictorial genres of American abstract expressionism, Russian avant-garde, and newcomers to the post-secular abstract pictorial art scene. Examples of theological ideas shared across religious borders are Hinduism’s moksha (liberation), Islam’s wahdat al-wujud (Unity of Being), Asma al-husna (Beautiful names of Allah), Christianity’s divine attributes, Judaism’s echad (Divine Oneness) and Ein-Sof (Endless One), Shih-t’ao’s i-hua (one-stroke), and the Upanishad’s Soham (I am That IS), among others. Conclusions reached indicate that abstract non-figural pictorial art can serve as a tool for interreligious dialogue by exhibiting similar theological topics in diverse religious traditions, that is, Neville’s common ground of comparative theology
Prof Ismail Albayrak. Professor of Islamic Studies, Faculty of Theology and Philosophy, ACU, Melbourne Campus.
Title: The notion of ‘spiritual narrowness’, ‘spiritual breadth’ and inner peace in the context of the believer’s life under hardship: with special references to Said Nursi and Aleksander Solzhenitsyn
Abstract: This paper focuses on the religious experiences of two distinguieshed figures from the 20th century who suffered profoundly under authoritarian regimes. Bediuzzaman Said Nursi (1877 – 1960) from the Islamic tradition and Aleksander Solzhenitsyn (1918-2008) from the Russian Orthodox Christian tradition. Both men lived during a time of significant spiritual, social, political and intellectual upheaval and suffered enormously for their respective beliefs. Nursi, for instance, experienced 35 years of imprisonment and exile, while Solzhenitsyn underwent grim isolation, imprisonment, exile and silencing. However, despite their difficulties, they led exemplary lives, confirmed and retained their faith in God in their darkest hour and continued with their outstanding scholarly and literary work. They serve as beacons for all who endure hardship for their faith.
My paper concentrates primarily on the notion of spiritual narrowness and breadth, demonstrating that even though one might be free of shackles, yet he or she can feel deeply distressed spiritually, as Solzhenitsyn puts it ‘the greatest calamity is our spiritual devastation.’ On the other hand, one may be confined to a prison cell yet know deep inner peace and serenity. Of course, there are differences in the ways that various religious traditions approach inner peace, but I am of the strong belief that significant commonalities exist between them. Both these men translated their prison life and exile into paradise. It would be useful for us to identify these commonalities and differences and discuss them from a comparative theological perspective. Finally, to underscore my point, I refer to my own recent experience of incarceration.
Philip Morrissey. Philip Morrissey is of Kalkadoon and colonial Irish descent. (Univ. of Melb). He retired in 2017 after ten years as the Academic Coordinator of the Australian Indigenous Studies program at the University of Melbourne. In this role he created and implemented the University’s first Australian Indigenous Studies major and Honours program. He has published widely on Aboriginal culture, writing, arts and philosophy.
Title: ‘”We have a Law now”: A story of Being from the Aboriginal tradition.’
Abstract: The late David Banngal Mowaljarlai was one of a generation of Aboriginal elders who mediated concepts from the Aboriginal tradition for a wider reading public in the late 20th century. In Yorro Yorro: Everything Standing Up Alive, a narrative of a journey and conversations with author Jutta Malnic, Mowaljarlai relates a story of how the Law was stolen by two men Wodoi and Djingun from a mysterious Melchisedec-like figure named Wibalma. The story in its density and rudimentary form transcends any simple moralistic or ethical explanation and this paper will explore some of the ways the story, as related by Mowaljarlai for an audience outside the Aboriginal tradition, articulates a conception of Being that calls to mind the poetics of Heidegger.
POSTER SESSION (FOR DISPLAY at LUNCH and TEA TIMES)
***Nadine and M-C. These can be reduced to far fewer words, if nec.
Ms Naomi Wolfe. Aboriginal Academic. Lecturer in the Faculty of Education and Arts, Australian Catholic University.
Title: ‘Doing’ Indigenous theologies: the challenges and the blessings for comparative theology.
Abstract: Indigenous and First Nations communities across the world have their own unique understandings of the spiritual, and their own ways of engaging with other religions and with theology as a discipline. One of the challenges to the inclusion of Indigenous and First Nations voices within comparative theological discourse has been the challenge of misinformation, and the misrepresentation of Indigenous theologies, Indigenous ontologies and Indigenous ways of engaging cross culturally. How then do we ensure that Indigenous and First Nations voices have a seat at the table of comparative theology? How can non- Indigenous and First Nations scholars engage with works from Indigenous and First Nations theologians, authors and community members? Naomi is a Trawloolway woman, and an Aboriginal academic at Australian Catholic University. She is also foundation member of the Australian board of NAIITS: An Indigenous Learning Community which is developing Indigenous and First Nations theological education worldwide. She will share some challenges and some blessings from the experience of work within Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities and share the exciting developments of theological education for both Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples around the world.
The Rev Dr Xiaoli Yang. Xiaoli lectures at Whitley College, University of Divinity, Melbourne. She is also a member of the Comparative Theology Focus Group at ACU and is an ordained Baptist minister in Melbourne.
Title: ‘Tian in Chinese Poetry, Heaven in Christian faith.’
Tian (天, Heaven), an ancient yet central concept that has long been used in Chinese philosophy and religion, can be traced back to the Shang Dynasty (17th-11th century BCE), where Chinese people referred to their supreme god as Shangdi (上帝). Though scholars have studied the philosophical and religious significance of Tian extensively, its poetic understandings employed frequently by poets throughout the ages have been neglected. This paper examines the concept of Tian, expressed by three distinguished poets in Chinese intellectual history: the earliest poet Qu Yuan (340–278 BCE), the Catholic convert and priest Wu Li (1632–1718) and the contemporary poet Haizi (1964–1989). Despite their historical distance, common to them are not only their legendary life and poetry, but also the concept of Tian predominantly occupied in their poems to express their longing for the ultimate or intercultural exchange for their generations. This paper offers, on one hand, the multi-directional poetic understanding of Tian within their historical and cultural contexts beyond the traditional philosophical discourse; on the other hand, the concept of Heaven from the perspective of early Christians in the New Testament. It creates an intercultural dialogue between Tian in Chinese poetry and Heaven in Christian faith. In doing so, it is hoped that both will be mutually enriched and grow in truth and respect.
The Rev Dr Jane Lee is an Australian Anglican parish priest in Adelaide (South Australia). She has taught theology at Trinity College, University of Divinity and St. Barnabas College in Adelaide.
Title: ‘Take off your shoes. Bridge Building for God’s World. The Work of Romano Guardini and Henri Le Saux (Abhishiktananda)’.
Abstract: In 1963 the religious philosopher and theologian, Roman Guardini, wrote, “... we might discern a kind of division of labour, by which, for example, certain truths and values became clear in India whereas Europeans had not yet grasped them. Hence we might find in the spiritual realm of the Vedas some insights which could be useful for a deepening of the doctrine of the Trinity....”
This paper is about the work of two religious giants. Romano Guardini was a major influencer of Pope Benedict XVI and Pope Francis I, and Dom Henri Le Saux (Swami Abishiktananda) established the first Christian Ashram in India. Abhishiktananda was a pioneer and model for others in interreligious dialogue. Guardini developed a strong theology of the human person. His inductive and open method of doing theology enabled his work to have an ecumenical dimension with an openness to aspects of other faiths while remaining very Christological. While Guardini could be viewed as rather conservative, Abhishiktananda would be seen by some as unconventional. Yet I will argue that rather than occupying opposing poles the work of these two leaders is similar and complementary, although different in certain ways, and capable of addressing many of the issues which confront people in the world today including the transformation of identity. Seeking unity between the world and God, both were visionaries who sought to bring the world to a greater realization of that which is all in all and which Christians call God.
Sebeesh Jacob. Research Assistant and PhD scholar, Faculty of Theology and Religious studies, KU Leuven.
Title: ‘Inculturational Art in Christian Worship and Religious Education: A Case study.’
Description: For many Asian theologians, inculturational art in Christian worship is an increasingly important strand in the practice of contextual and comparative theology. Despite significant development in theological literature on the relevance of indigenous symbols and artistic idioms in Christian mission, there is little understanding to discern creative adaptations and appropriations. Individual artistic endeavors of inculturation in North Indian Catholic mission are interesting cases for drawing insights into a social imagination based on a dialogical model of religious encounter. This paper will present a case study of the artistic works by Joy Elamkunnapuzha, a pioneering Indian Christian artist who employed inter-cultural and inter-religious icons and representations in the art and architecture of Christian worship centres in North India. In a context characterized by religious intolerance and violence, instead of conventional representations of Biblical scenes and Western Christian imagery, he adapts symbols from Indian traditions alongside Christian themes and employs them as properties in Christian worship. His critics see the inculturation attempts as transgressive, syncretic and even theological vandalism. His unique style of collaborating with local artists and craftsmen from other traditions and religious backgrounds renders his artworks hybrids of religious symbols. This paper will focus on his works in two theological seminaries and their chapels where Elamkunnapuzha’s inculturational artworks invoke unique theological presentation and provide space for an interreligious aesthetic experience for religious education. I will illustrate this presentation with visual images of Elamkunnapuzha’s artworks and provoke discussions on the complex nature of interreligious representations of ‘the sacred’ and the intentions and intuitions with which inculturational art is experienced, appreciated and evaluated.
Dr Ogugua Patricia Anwuluorah. Department of Religion and Cultural Studies, Nwafor Orizu College of Education, Nsugbe (Nigeria).
Title: ‘Ana-Herme-Dialogics as a method of understanding cultures and avoiding religious conflict in Nigeria.
Abstract: Nigeria comprises many different cultures, religions and ethnicities, a fact that can naturally lead to conflict. Conflicts usually ensue because we are ignorant of other cultures and think that our culture is superior. I propose that an innovation known as ‘Ana-Herme-Dialogics’ can help minimize conflict. The method of Anaherme-dialogics is coined from three philosophical methods: Analysis, Hermeneutics and Dialogics.
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Palestinian Refugees
The Palestinian refugee issue originated in the 1948 Arab-Israeli war, when five Arab armies invaded the State of Israel just hours after it was established. During the ensuing war, as many as 750,000 Palestinian Arabs fled their homes in the newly created state as a result of many factors. Some of the Palestinian Arabs who fled did so to avoid the ongoing war or at the urging of Arab leaders, and expected to return after a quick and certain Arab victory over the new Jewish state. Other Palestinians were forced to flee by individuals or groups fighting for Israel.
Of the Palestinians who left, one-third went to the West Bank (which was under Jordanian control), one-third went to the Gaza Strip (under Egypt’s control), and the remainder to Jordan, Lebanon and Syria.
The Arab nations refused to absorb these Palestinians into their societies and they were instead settled into refugee camps, insisting that citizen and integration would undermine the refugees’ right to return to their homes in Palestine. Only Jordan’s King Abdullah conferred citizenship on the 200,000 Palestinian living in Jordan and the Jordanian-controlled West Bank and East Jerusalem. In 1949, the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestinian Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) was created to oversee the economic integration of the refugees into these Arab countries. UNRWA continues to operate, providing relief, health care, education and vocational training to the refugee populations in Jordan, Syria, Lebanon, the West Bank and Gaza Strip.
During the 1967 Six Day War, another estimated 250,000 Palestinians fled the West Bank and Gaza Strip with the arrival of Israeli forces. Some of these were people who had left their homes in Israel in 1948. These individuals are considered by the international community to be displaced persons, not refugees.
A Jewish refugee problem was also created with the establishment of the State of Israel. From 1948-1951 as many as 800,000 Jews were expelled from their native Arab and Muslim nations or forced to flee as a result of state-sponsored anti-Zionist violence. They left behind their property and the lives they had built in these lands over hundreds of years. As many as 500,000 of these refugees fled from Iraq, Tunisia, Syria, Egypt, Yemen, Algeria, Libya and Morocco and were absorbed into the new State of Israel. Others fled to Europe and North and South America.
Tallying the number of individuals considered Palestinian refugees today is a matter of intense debate. UNRWA, classifies Palestinian refugees as those who left Israel in 1948; those who left the West Bank and Gaza Strip in 1967; those who were abroad but were subsequently not allowed to return to Israel; and all of their descendants. According to UNWRA, this totals five million Palestinian refugees. UNRWA’s statistics include those residing in Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, the West Bank and Gaza Strip. (Note: UNRWA’s policy of including the children, grandchildren and great-grandchildren of those who left in 1948 and 1967 into the refugee population for demographic and aid purposes is unique among refugee populations, and is not a done for any other refugee group.)
Israel believes the UNRWA statistics are exaggerated and further distinguishes “refugees” from “displaced persons” and from “expired permit Palestinians” who were abroad at the time the conflicts ensued and were not allowed to return.
Palestinian insistence that refugees must have a “right of return” to their former homes inside Israel, and that this “right” is founded in international law, is rejected by Israel. Israel denies that there is any foundation in international law for a Palestinian “right of return,” and that the non-binding international resolutions on the issue call not for a “return” to Israel, but for a just resolution of the refugee problem. Since the start of the Oslo process, refugees are considered one of the “final status” issues, along with borders, security, settlements and Jerusalem, that are to be negotiated as part of a final Israeli-Palestinian agreement.
Israel also argues that a “return” is not viable for such a small state, given that the influx of millions of Palestinians into Israel would pose a threat to its national security and upset the country’s demographic makeup. In the decades that the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) did not recognize Israel’s right to exist and actively sought to bring about Israel’s downfall and replace it with a Palestinian state, the “right of return” of Palestinian refugees was a rallying cry. In 1993, the PLO recognized Israel's right to exist and committed to a negotiating process to establish an independent Palestinian state alongside the State of Israel. Given this reality, American Presidents including President Bill Clinton, President George W. Bush and President Barack Obama have publicly stated that Palestinian refugees should rightly be resettled in a future Palestinian state and not inside Israel.
Israel maintains that it is not responsible for the Palestinian refugee problem since it is the result of a war forced on Israel by invading Arab armies. However, Israel has stated that on humanitarian grounds it would participate in an international effort to resolve the situation. Such an effort would be a result of a mutually negotiated peace agreement and likely involve Palestinian refugees settling in newly established state of Palestine, an international compensation fund, and individual cases of family reunification.
Any international effort would also need to consider the situation of the 800,000 Jews who were expelled from their native Arab and Muslim nations or forced to flee as a result of state-sponsored anti-Jewish violence following the founding of the State of Israel.
action guides
Israel: A Guide for Activists
The 50th Anniversary of the Six Day War: A Resource Guide
The Gaza March of Return: What You Need to Know
What is the "March of Return" campaign in Gaza?
Israel's Conflicts in Gaza - 2008/2012/2014
Since Hamas forcibly took over Gaza from the Palestinian Authority in 2007, the terrorist organization has repeatedly attacked Israeli cities and towns.
Israel-Lebanon Wars
There have been two major wars between Israel and Lebanon in 1982 and 2006.
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You are here: Home » Adult Webmaster News » HBOS Insecure Features Intimate...
HBOS Insecure Features Intimate Earth Products
PHOENIX—Intimate Earth products will be featured on an upcoming episode of the hit HBO show Insecure. Created by director/actress Issa Rae, Insecure is a comedy-drama that follows the lives of two best friends who constantly find themselves in complex and awkward circumstances. “As excited as we were, it was only natural to feel like this was all too good to be true,” said Intimate Earth’s Desiree Hoskin. “After all, it’s not every day that a boutique brand gets contacted by HBO asking if they could incorporate our products in an episode of one of their shows, let alone a show that happens to be a personal favorite of mine. Once I saw the words ‘HBO INSECURE’ I immediately thought, ‘We have to jump on this!’” In addition to the products, Hoskin also will appear on the show. “I was simply in the best of both worlds in the sense that I was there as a representative for Intimate Earth, and also as an extra for HBO,” Hoskin said. “Without giving too many details (no spoilers allowed here!), I will say that the set looked amazing, and it greatly surpassed my expectations. At one point, I was escorted back on set for the private rehearsal, and one of the main actresses (Yvonne Orji who plays Molly) even approached me asking about our unique products! While it was a brief interaction, it was one that I’ll never forget. “Given that I was a rep for Intimate Earth, acting as one was far from difficult,” she continued. “In between takes, it was interesting to observe the curious onlookers that checked out our products. People kept approaching me, asking me more about the company, and saying how lucky we are to have a spot on the show. Speaking of lucky, I was told several times that our products were ‘in the hot zone’ for filming! Finally, shooting wrapped up, and it was time to go. I was exhausted and happy!” The second season of Insecure debuts July 23, and episode with Hoskin and Intimate Earth is set to air four weeks later. “As you know as soon as an adult product (think The Rabbit in Sex and the City) is featured on a hit show (or really any show for that matter), people go to stores asking for the product,” Hoskin said. “We are excited as this is going to increase Amazon Prime, etc.” For more information on Intimate Earth’s unique boutique line, visit Intimate-Earth.com.
You are here: Home » Adult Webmaster News » HBOS Insecure Features Intimate...
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Becarías para afrodescendientes en Naciones Unidas 2018
Centro Panafricano viernes, abril 20, 2018 No hay comentarios
Update: The application process for the 2018 Fellowship Programme for people of African descent is now open!
Call for Application2018 Fellowship Programme for People of African Descent
The Fellowship Programme for People of African Descent provides the participants with an intensive learning opportunity to deepen their understanding of the United Nations human rights system, instruments and mechanisms, with a focus on issues of particular relevance to people of African descent. The Fellowship Programme will allow the participants to better contribute to the protection and promotion of civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights of people of African descent in their respective countries.
In the framework of the Programme of Activities for the Implementation of the International Decade for People of African Descent, this year the Fellowship will be held from 19 November to 7 December 2018 in Geneva, Switzerland.
Participant’s entitlement:
Each fellow is entitled to a return ticket (economy class) from the country of residence to Geneva; basic health insurance; and a stipend to cover modest accommodation and other living expenses for the duration of the Programme.
The candidate must be an individual of African descent living in the Diaspora.
The candidate must have a minimum of 4 years of work experience related to the rights of People of African Descent.
The candidate needs to have sufficient command of the English language to be able to participate fully in the programme.
The candidate has to submit a letter from an organization working on issues related to People of African Descent or minority rights certifying their status.
The candidates must be available to attend the full duration of the programme. The selected fellows will be expected to participate in different activities and to strictly follow the programme.
The selection of the fellows will reflect gender and regional balance. The human rights situation of People of African Descent in the respective countries will also be taken into consideration.
Please note, that because of the volume of messages, applications will not be acknowledged. Only short-listed candidates will be notified.
Applicants are requested to submit the following documents in one single e-mail to africandescentfellowship@ohchr.org :
A completed, signed and scanned Application Form in one single document.
A Personal Statement (maximum 500 words) in which the candidate will explain his/her motivation for applying, and how he/she will use the knowledge gained from the fellowship to promote the interests and rights of people of African descent.
An Official Letter from the nominating organization or community certifying the status
A copy of the applicant’s passport.
Please note that submissions with more than five attachments will not be accepted.
Important: Please mention in the subject header of your e-mail: “Application for the 2018 Fellowship Programme for People of African Descent.”
Name the attached document as follows:
LAST NAME First name – Type of document
Example: SMITH Jacqueline – Application form.doc
SMITH Jacqueline – A Personal Statement.doc
SMITH Jacqueline – Letter certifying Status.pdf
SMITH Jacqueline – Passport.pdf
Deadline for Applications: 1 June 2018
Please note that the Panafrican Center and Africanidad.com are not the ones offering this opportunity, therefore we cannot give any information. For enquieries please access the original site: http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/Racism/WGAfricanDescent/Pages/FellowshipProgramme.aspx
Etiquetas: Afrodescendientes, United Nations
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Home » Subspecialties » Emergency Radiology (STAT Interpretations)
There are many times when a physician or referring center needs a radiology study interpreted immediately, a procedure known as a “STAT interpretation.” This means when you need emergency radiology services, you get full coverage for any modality and imaging needs, no matter what type of radiology interpretation you’re looking for.
Diagnostic Radiology — the ARA Difference
Our experienced, highly-skilled radiologists, our inclusion of state-of-the-art technology, and our focus on streamlined procedures means we can provide diagnostic interpretations fast and accurately — usually within 24 hours or less. Other features of our emergency radiology service include:
EXPERT ATTENTION
At ARA, we provide a staff of seasoned radiology professionals whose skill sets span the field of diagnostic imaging. When time is of the essence you want a team that provides swift and accurate results - and that’s what we do.
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Emergency Radiology expertise
Timing and accuracy are critical in emergency situations when there isn't a moment to lose. Our emergency radiology team abides by the saying, "When you're ready, we're ready." Our expertise, state-of-the-art technology and procedures, along with our constant drive for improved results and patient care, significantly speeds up the emergency radiology process.
From the most critical timelines to the most challenging results, ARA has the team and expertise needed for emergency radiology and STAT interpretations.
If you’re interested in ARA’s radiology services or partnership, please contact us for further details.
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Not to be confused with Romanians, an unrelated ethnic group and nation, nor with modern or ancient Romans, also unrelated.
For other uses, see Romani (disambiguation).
"Gypsy" and "Gypsies" redirect here. For other uses, see Gypsy (disambiguation).
Romani flag created in 1933 and accepted by the 1971 World Romani Congress
2–20 million [1] [2] [3] [4]
1,000,000 estimated with Romani ancestry [note 1] [5] [6]
800,000 [7]
750,000–1,100,000 (1.87%) [8] [9] [10] [11] [12]
619,007 (3.3%) [note 2] [13] [9] [14] [15]
500,000–2,750,000 (3.78%) [9] [16] [17] [18]
350,000–500,000 [19] [20]
325,343 [note 3] –750,000 (10.33%) [21] [22]
309,632 [note 4] –870,000 (8.8%) [23] [24]
c. 300,000 [25]
225,000 (0.36%) [26] [9] [27]
205,007 [note 5] –825,000 (0.58%) [9]
147,604 [note 6] –600,000 (8.23%) [28] [29] [9]
120,000–180,000 (0.3%) [30] [9]
111,000–300,000 (2.7%) [31] [32]
105,000 (0.13%) [9] [33]
105,738 [note 7] –490,000 (9.02%) [34] [35] [36]
100,000–110,000 [37]
53,879 [note 8] –197,000 (9.56%) [9] [38]
50,000–100,000 [9] [39]
40,000–52,000 (0.49%) [9] [41]
40,000–50,000 (0.57%) [42]
36,000 [note 10] (2%) [9] [43]
32,000–40,000 (0.24%) [9]
17,049 [note 5] –32,500 (0.09%) [9] [44]
15,850 [46]
13,000[ citation needed ]
9,200[ citation needed ]
8,864 [note 5] –58,000 (1.54%) [9] [48]
c. 8,000 [25]
8,301 [note 11] –115,000 (3.59%) [9] [41] [49]
7,316 [note 5] –47,500 (0.5%) [50]
7,193 [note 5] –12,500 (0.56%) [9]
5,255–80,000 [51] [52]
Romani language, Para-Romani varieties, languages of native regions
Predominantly Christianity [54]
Islam [54]
Shaktism tradition of Hinduism [54]
Romani mythology
Dom, Lom, Domba; other Indo-Aryans
The Romani (also spelled Romany /ˈroʊməni/ , /ˈrɒ-/ ), colloquially known as Gypsies or Roma, are an Indo-Aryan ethnic group, traditionally itinerant, living mostly in Europe and the Americas and originating from the northern Indian subcontinent, [55] [56] [57] from the Rajasthan, Haryana, and Punjab regions of modern-day India. [56] [57]
The Indo-Aryan peoples or the Indic peoples are a diverse Indo-European-speaking ethnolinguistic group of speakers of Indo-Aryan languages. There are over one billion native speakers of Indo-Aryan languages, most of them native to the Indian subcontinent and presently found all across South Asia, where they form the majority.
There are a number of traditionally itinerant or travelling groups in Europe who are known as "travellers" or "gypsies".
The indigenous peoples of Europe are the focus of European ethnology, the field of anthropology related to the various indigenous groups that reside in the nations of Europe. According to the German monograph Minderheitenrechte in Europa co-edited by Pan and Pfeil (2002) there are 87 distinct peoples of Europe, of which 33 form the majority population in at least one sovereign state, while the remaining 54 constitute ethnic minorities. The total number of national or linguistic minority populations in Europe is estimated at 105 million people, or 14% of 770 million Europeans.
Exonyms
Endonyms
Romani usage
English usage
Population and subgroups
Romani population
Romani subgroups
Shahnameh legend
Linguistic evidence
Genetic evidence
Possible migration route
Arrival in Europe
Society and traditional culture
Belonging and exclusion
Contemporary art and culture
Historical persecution
Forced assimilation
Forced repatriation
Organizations and projects
Artistic representations
Genetic findings appear to confirm that the Romani "came from a single group that left northwestern India about 1,500 years ago". [58] Genetic research published in the European Journal of Human Genetics "revealed that over 70% of males belong to a single lineage that appears unique to the Roma". [59] They are a dispersed people, but their most concentrated populations are located in Europe, especially Central, Eastern and Southern Europe (including Turkey, Spain and Southern France). The Romani originated in northern India and arrived in Mid-West Asia and Europe around 1,000 years ago. [60] They have been associated with another Indo-Aryan group, the Dom people: the two groups have been said to have separated from each other or, at least, to share a similar history. [61] Specifically, the ancestors of both the Romani and the Dom left North India sometime between the 6th and 11th century. [60]
The European Journal of Human Genetics is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Nature Publishing Group on behalf of the European Society of Human Genetics. It covers all aspects of human genetics.
The Roma people have a number of distinct populations, the largest being the Roma and the Iberian Calé or Caló, who reached Anatolia and the Balkans about the early 12th century, from a migration out of northwestern India beginning about 600 years earlier. They settled in present-day Turkey, Greece, Serbia, Romania, Croatia, Moldova, Bulgaria, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Hungary and Slovakia, by order of volume, and Spain. From the Balkans, they migrated throughout Europe and, in the nineteenth and later centuries, to the Americas. The Romani population in the United States is estimated at more than one million.
Central Europe is the region comprising the central part of Europe. Central Europe occupies continuous territories that are otherwise sometimes considered parts of Western Europe, Southern Europe, and Eastern Europe. The concept of Central Europe is based on a common historical, social, and cultural identity.
The Romani are widely known among English-speaking people by the exonym Gypsies (or Gipsies), which some people consider pejorative due to its connotations of illegality and irregularity. [62] Beginning in 1888 the Gypsy Lore Society [63] started to publish a journal that was meant to dispel rumors about their lifestyle. [64]
An exonym or xenonym is an external name for a geographical place, a group of people, an individual person, or a language or dialect. It is a common name used only outside the place, group, or linguistic community in question. An endonym or autonym is an internal name for a geographical place, a group of people, or a language or dialect. It is a common name used only inside the place, group, or linguistic community in question; it is their name for themselves, their homeland, or their language.
The Gypsy Lore Society was founded in Great Britain in 1888 to unite persons interested in the history and lore of Gypsies and rovers and to establish closer contacts among scholars studying aspects of such cultures. David MacRitchie was one of its founders and he worked with Francis Hindes Groome until 1892 to produce its quarterly journal. From 1892, the organisation was dormant until its revival in 1907, when MacRitchie became its president.
Since the 19th century, some Romani have also migrated to the Americas. There are an estimated one million Roma in the United States; [6] and 800,000 in Brazil, most of whose ancestors emigrated in the 19th century from Eastern Europe. Brazil also includes a notable Romani community descended from people deported by the Portuguese Empire during the Portuguese Inquisition. [65] In migrations since the late 19th century, Romani have also moved to other countries in South America and to Canada. [66] [ page needed ]
It is estimated that there are one million Romani people in the United States. Though the Romani population in the United States has assimilated into American society, the largest concentrations are in Southern California, the Pacific Northwest, Texas and the Northeast as well as in cities such as Chicago and St. Louis. The Romani, ethnically and genealogically different from other Europeans, began settling in America in the mid-19th century.
Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At 8.5 million square kilometers and with over 208 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area and the fifth most populous. Its capital is Brasília, and its most populated city is São Paulo. The federation is composed of the union of the 26 states, the Federal District, and the 5,570 municipalities. It is the largest country to have Portuguese as an official language and the only one in the Americas; it is also one of the most multicultural and ethnically diverse nations, due to over a century of mass immigration from around the world.
The Portuguese Empire, also known as the Portuguese Overseas or the Portuguese Colonial Empire, was composed of the overseas colonies and territories governed by Portugal. One of the largest and longest-lived empires in world history, it existed for almost six centuries, from the capture of Ceuta in 1415, to the handover of Portuguese Macau to China in 1999. The empire began in the 15th century, and from the early 16th century it stretched across the globe, with bases in North and South America, Africa, and various regions of Asia and Oceania. The Portuguese Empire has been described as the first global empire in history, a description also given to the Spanish Empire.
In February 2016, during the International Roma Conference, the Indian Minister of External Affairs stated that the people of the Roma community were children of India. [67] The conference ended with a recommendation to the Government of India to recognize the Roma community spread across 30 countries as a part of the Indian diaspora. [68]
The Minister of External Affairs is the head of the Ministry of External Affairs of the Government of India. One of the senior-most offices in the Union Cabinet, the chief responsibility of the Foreign Minister is to represent India and its government in the international community. The Foreign Minister also plays an important role in determining Indian foreign policy. Occasionally, the Foreign Minister is assisted by a Minister of State for External Affairs or the lower-ranked Deputy Minister of External Affairs.
The Government of India, often abbreviated as GoI, is the union government created by the constitution of India as the legislative, executive and judicial authority of the union of 29 states and seven union territories of a constitutionally democratic republic. It is located in New Delhi, the capital of India.
The Romani language is divided into several dialects which together have an estimated number of speakers of more than two million. [69] The total number of Romani people is at least twice as high (several times as high according to high estimates). Many Romani are native speakers of the dominant language in their country of residence or of mixed languages combining the dominant language with a dialect of Romani; those varieties are sometimes called Para-Romani. [70]
Romani is any of several languages of the Romani people belonging to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European language family. According to Ethnologue, seven varieties of Romani are divergent enough to be considered languages of their own. The largest of these are Vlax Romani, Balkan Romani (600,000), and Sinte Romani (300,000). Some Romani communities speak mixed languages based on the surrounding language with retained Romani-derived vocabulary – these are known by linguists as Para-Romani varieties, rather than dialects of the Romani language itself.
The term dialect is used in two distinct ways to refer to two different types of linguistic phenomena:
A mixed language is a language that arises among a bilingual group, typically very abruptly, combining aspects of two or more languages but not clearly deriving primarily from any single language. It differs from a creole or pidgin language in that, whereas creoles/pidgins arise from populations trying to imitate a language where they have no fluency, a mixed language arises in a population that is fluent in both of the source languages.
Main article: Names of the Romani people
French bohème, bohémien, from the Kingdom of Bohemia, where they were incorrectly believed to have come from, [71] [72] carrying writs of protection from King Sigismund of Bohemia. [73]
French gitan, English gypsy, Spanish gitano, Catalan gitano, Italian gitano, Turkish kipti, all from Greek ΑἰγύπτιοςAigýptios "Egyptian" (corrupted form: ΓύφτοςGýftos), and Hungarian fáreónépe from Greek φαραώpharaó "pharaoh" – referring to their allegedly Egyptian provenance. [73] Usage of "gypsy" and similarly derived words differs between groups as some Roma groups use this word as a self-identifier while others consider this word a racial slur.
English tzigane (for Hungarian gypsies), Spanish zíngaro, cíngaro, French tzigane, Old High German zigeuner, German Zigeuner, Dutch zigeuner, Danish sigøjner, Swedish zigenare, Norwegian sigøynere Old Church Slavic ациганинъatsyganin, Italian zingaro, Romanian țigan, Hungarian cigány, Serbo-Croatian cigan, ciganin, Albanian cigan, Polish cygan, Czech cikán, Portuguese cigano, Turkish çigan, Azerbaijani çıqan, Slovak cigán or cigáň, Venetian singano, Russian цыганеtsygane, Ukrainian циганиtsyhany, Bulgarian цигани tsigani, Lithuanian čigonai, Latvian čigāni, Georgian ციგანი; from Greek ἀθίγγανοςathínganos (corrupted form: τσιγγάνοςtsingános), "untouchable". [73] [74] [75] [76] Due to the negative connotations of referring to an ethnic group as "untouchable" words derived from this source are usually considered derogatory and outdated by modern Roma peoples.
Albanian Jevg (referring to Roma that speak Albanian), evgjit (From the plural form of jevg: jevgjit), gabel (referring to nomadic groups, they predominantly speak Romani), Magjup (commonly used in Korça, Roma of Egyptian origin)
Azerbaijani qaraçı (derives from the Azeri word qara – "black" and the suffix -çı denoting the stem-word's function/occupation)
Arabic Nawar and Zott .
Egyptian Arabic ghager (غجر)
Rom means man or husband in the Romani language. It has the variants dom and lom, related with the Sanskrit words dam-pati (lord of the house, husband), dama (to subdue), lom (hair), lomaka (hairy), loman, roman (hairy), romaça (man with beard and long hair). [77] Another possible origin is from Sanskrit डोम doma (member of a low caste of travelling musicians and dancers).
In the Romani language, Rom is a masculine noun, meaning 'man of the Roma ethnic group' or 'man, husband', with the plural Roma. The feminine of Rom in the Romani language is Romni. However, in most cases, in other languages Rom is now used for people of both genders. [78]
Romani is the feminine adjective, while Romano is the masculine adjective. Some Romanies use Rom or Roma as an ethnic name, while others (such as the Sinti, or the Romanichal) do not use this term as a self-ascription for the entire ethnic group. [79]
Sometimes, rom and romani are spelled with a double r, i.e., rrom and rromani. In this case rr is used to represent the phoneme /ʀ/ (also written as ř and rh), which in some Romani dialects has remained different from the one written with a single r. The rr spelling is common in certain institutions (such as the INALCO Institute in Paris), or used in certain countries, e.g., Romania, to distinguish from the endonym/homonym for Romanians (sg. român, pl. români). [80]
A Romani wagon pictured in 2009 in Grandborough Fields in Warwickshire (Grandborough Fields Road is a popular spot for travelling people)
In the English language (according to the Oxford English Dictionary), Rom is a noun (with the plural Roma or Roms) and an adjective, while Romani (Romany) is also a noun (with the plural Romani, the Romani, Romanies or Romanis) and an adjective. Both Rom and Romani have been in use in English since the 19th century as an alternative for Gypsy.[ citation needed ]Romani was initially spelled Rommany, then Romany, while today the Romani spelling is the most popular spelling. Occasionally, the double r spelling (e.g., Rroma, Rromani) mentioned above is also encountered in English texts.
The term Roma is increasingly encountered, [81] [82] as a generic term for the Romani people. [83] [84] [85]
Because all Romanies use the word Romani as an adjective, the term became a noun for the entire ethnic group. [86] Today, the term Romani is used by some organizations, including the United Nations and the US Library of Congress. [80] However, the Council of Europe and other organizations consider that Roma is the correct term referring to all related groups, regardless of their country of origin, and recommend that Romani be restricted to the language and culture: Romani language, Romani culture. [78]
The standard assumption is that the demonyms of the Romani people, Lom and Dom share the same origin. [87] [88]
A Romani wagon in Germany in 1935
The English term Gypsy (or Gipsy) originates from the Middle English gypcian, short for Egipcien. The Spanish term Gitano and French Gitan have similar etymologies. They are ultimately derived from the Greek Αιγύπτιοι (Aigyptioi), meaning Egyptian, via Latin. This designation owes its existence to the belief, common in the Middle Ages, that the Romani, or some related group (such as the Middle Eastern Dom people), were itinerant Egyptians. [89] [90] According to one narrative they were exiled from Egypt as punishment for allegedly harbouring the infant Jesus. [91] As described in Victor Hugo's novel The Hunchback of Notre Dame , the medieval French referred to the Romanies as Egyptiens. The word Gypsy is in such common usage in English that indeed many Romani organizations use it in their own organizational names.
This exonym is sometimes written with capital letter, to show that it designates an ethnic group. [92] However, the word is sometimes considered derogatory because of its negative and stereotypical associations. [84] [93] [94] [95] The Council of Europe consider that 'Gypsy' or equivalent terms, as well as administrative terms such as 'Gens du Voyage' (referring in fact to an ethnic group but not acknowledging ethnic identification) are not in line with European recommendations. [78] In North America, the word Gypsy is most commonly used as a reference to Romani ethnicity, though lifestyle and fashion are at times also referenced by using this word. [96]
Another common designation of the Romani people is Cingane (alt. Tsinganoi, Zigar, Zigeuner), which likely derives from Athinganoi , the name of a Christian sect with whom the Romani (or some related group) became associated in the Middle Ages. [90] [97] [98] [99]
Main article: Romani populations
For a variety of reasons, many Romanis choose not to register their ethnic identity in official censuses. There are an estimated 3.8 million Romani people in Europe (as of 2002), [100] although some high estimates by Romani organizations give numbers as high as 14 million. [101] Significant Romani populations are found in the Balkans, in some Central European states, in Spain, France, Russia and Ukraine. Several million more Romanies may live outside Europe, in particular in the Middle East and in the Americas. [102]
Like the Roma in general, many different ethnonyms are given to subgroups of Roma. Sometimes a subgroup uses more than one endonym, is commonly known by an exonym or erroneously by the endonym of another subgroup. The only name approaching an all-encompassing self-description is Rom. [103] Even when subgroups don't use the name, they all acknowledge a common origin and a dichotomy between themselves and Gadjo (non-Roma). [103] For instance, while the main group of Roma in German-speaking countries refer to themselves as Sinti, their name for their original language is Romanes.
Subgroups have been described as, in part, a result of the Hindu caste system, which the founding population of Rom almost certainly experienced in their South Asian urheimat . [103] [104]
Debret, Jean-Baptiste (c. 1820), Interior of a gipsy's house in Brazil .
Volkers, Emil (c. 1905), Camping gypsies near Düsseldorf, Germany .
Gypsies camping. Welsh Romanies near Swansea, 1953
Many groups use names apparently derived from the Romani word kalo or calo, meaning "black" or "absorbing all light". [105] This closely resembles words for "black" or "dark" in Indo-Aryan languages (e.g., Sanskrit काल kāla: "black", "of a dark colour"). [103] Likewise the name of the Dom or Domba people of North India – to whom the Roma have genetic, [106] cultural and linguistic links – has come to imply "dark-skinned", in some Indian languages. [107] Hence names such as kale and calé may have originated as an exonym or a euphemism for Roma.
Other endonyms for Romani include, for example:
Ashkali (or "Balkan Egyptians") – Albanian-speaking Roma communities in the Balkans [108]
Bashaldé – Hungarian-Slovak Roma diaspora in the US from the late 19th century. [109]
Calé is the endonym used by both the Spanish Roma (gitanos) and Portuguese Roma ciganos; [110] Caló is "the language spoken by the calé".
Erlides (also Arlije, Yerlii or Arli) in Greece
Kaale, in Finland and Sweden. [110] [103]
Kale, Kalá, or Valshanange – Welsh English endonym used by some Roma clans in Wales. [111] (Romanichal also live in Wales.) Romani in Spain are also attributed to the Kale. [12]
Khorakhanè, Horahane or Xoraxai, also known as "Turkish Roma" or "Muslim Roma" – Greek Roma and Turkish Roma. [103]
Lalleri , from Austria, Germany, and the western Czech Republic (including the former Sudetenland).
Lovari , from Hungary, [112] known in Serbia as Machvaya, Machavaya, Machwaya, or Macwaia. [103]
Lyuli , in Central Asian countries.
Rom in Italy.
Roma in Romania, commonly known by majority ethnic Romanians as Țigani, including many subgroups defined by occupation:
Boyash, also known as Băieși, Lingurari, Ludar, Ludari, or Rudari, who coalesced in the Apuseni Mountains of Transylvania. Băieși is a Romanian word for "miners". Lingurari means "spoon makers", [113] Ludar,Ludari, andRudari may mean "woodworkers" or "miners". [114] (There is a semantic overlap due to the homophony or merging of lemmas with different meanings from at least two different languages: the Serbian rudar miner, and ruda stick, staff, rod, bar, pole (in Hungarian rúd, [115] and in Romanian rudă. [116]
Churari , [117] from Romanian Ciurari, "sieve makers", Zlătari "gold smiths" [103]
Ursari (bear trainers, from Moldovan/Romanian urs "bear"), [103]
Ungaritza blacksmiths and bladesmiths
Argintari silversmiths.
Aurari goldsmiths.
Florari flower sellers.
Lăutari singers.
Kalderash , from Romanian căldărar, lit. bucketmaker, meaning kettlemaker, tinsmith, tinker; also in Moldova and Ukraine.
Roma or Romové, Czech Republic
Roma or Romská, Slovakia
Romanichal, in the United Kingdom, [110] [103] emigrated also to the United States, Canada and Australia [118]
Romanisæl, in Norway and Sweden.
Roms or Manouche (from manush "people" in Romani) in France. [103] [119]
Romungro or Carpathian Romani from eastern Hungary and neighbouring parts of the Carpathians [120]
Sinti or Zinti, predominantly in Germany, [110] [103] and Northern Italy; Sinti do not refer to themselves as Roma, although their language is called Romanes. [103]
Main article: Romani diaspora
The Roma people have a number of distinct populations, the largest being the Roma and the Iberian Calé or Caló, who reached Anatolia and the Balkans about the early 12th century, from a migration out of northwestern India beginning about 600 years earlier. [121] [58] They settled in present-day Turkey, Greece, Serbia, Romania, Moldova, Bulgaria, North Macedonia, Hungary and Slovakia, by order of volume, and Spain. From the Balkans, they migrated throughout Europe and, in the nineteenth and later centuries, to the Americas. The Romani population in the United States is estimated at more than one million. [122] Brazil has the second largest Romani population in the Americas, estimated at approximately 800,000 by the 2011 census. The Romani people are mainly called by non-Romani ethnic Brazilians as ciganos. Most of them belong to the ethnic subgroup Calés (Kale), of the Iberian peninsula. Juscelino Kubitschek, Brazilian president during 1956–1961 term, was 50% Czech Romani by his mother's bloodline; and Washington Luís, last president of the First Brazilian Republic (1926–1930 term), had Portuguese Kale ancestry.
There is no official or reliable count of the Romani populations worldwide. [123] Many Romani refuse to register their ethnic identity in official censuses for fear of discrimination. [124] [ better source needed ] Others are descendants of intermarriage with local populations and no longer identify only as Romani, or not at all.
As of the early 2000s, an estimated 3.8 [100] [ page needed ] to 9 million Romani people lived in Europe and Asia Minor. [125] [ page needed ] although some Romani organizations estimate numbers as high as 14 million. [126] Significant Romani populations are found in the Balkan peninsula, in some Central European states, in Spain, France, Russia, and Ukraine. The total number of Romani living outside Europe are primarily in the Middle East and North Africa and in the Americas, and are estimated in total at more than two million. Some countries do not collect data by ethnicity.
The Romani people identify as distinct ethnicities based in part on territorial, cultural and dialectal differences, and self-designation. [127] [128] [129] [130]
Main article: Origin of the Romani people
Findings suggest an Indian origin for Roma. [121] [58] [131] Because Romani groups did not keep chronicles of their history or have oral accounts of it, most hypotheses about the Romani's migration early history are based on linguistic theory. [132] There is also no known record of a migration from India to Europe from medieval times that can be connected indisputably to Roma. [133]
According to a legend reported in the Persian epic poem, the Shahnameh , from Iran and repeated by several modern authors, the Sasanian king Bahrām V Gōr learned towards the end of his reign (421–39) that the poor could not afford to enjoy music, and he asked the king of India to send him ten thousand luris, lute-playing experts. When the luris arrived, Bahrām gave each one an ox, a donkey, and a donkey-load of wheat so that they could live on agriculture and play music for free for the poor. But the luris ate the oxen and the wheat and came back a year later with their cheeks hollowed with hunger. The king, angered with their having wasted what he had given them, ordered them to pack up their bags and go wandering around the world on their donkeys. [134]
The linguistic evidence has indisputably shown that the roots of the Romani language lie in India: the language has grammatical characteristics of Indian languages and shares with them a large part of the basic lexicon, for example, regarding body parts or daily routines. [135]
More exactly, Romani shares the basic lexicon with Hindi and Punjabi. It shares many phonetic features with Marwari, while its grammar is closest to Bengali. [136]
Romani and Domari share some similarities: agglutination of postpositions of the second Layer (or case marking clitics) to the nominal stem, concord markers for the past tense, the neutralisation of gender marking in the plural, and the use of the oblique case as an accusative. [137] This has prompted much discussion about the relationships between these two languages. Domari was once thought to be a "sister language" of Romani, the two languages having split after the departure from the Indian subcontinent – but later research suggests that the differences between them are significant enough to treat them as two separate languages within the Central zone (Hindustani) group of languages. The Dom and the Rom therefore likely descend from two different migration waves out of India, separated by several centuries. [61] [138]
In phonology, Romani language shares a number of isoglosses with the Central branch of Indo-Aryan languages especially in the realization of some sounds of the Old Indo-Aryan. However, it also preserves a number of dental clusters. In regards to verb morphology, Romani follows exactly the same pattern of northwestern languages such as Kashmiri and Shina through the adoption of oblique enclitic pronouns as person markers, lending credence to the theory of their Central Indian origin and a subsequent migration to northwestern India. Though the retention of dental clusters suggests a break from central languages during the transition from Old to Middle Indo-Aryan, the overall morphology suggests that the language participated in some of the significant developments leading toward the emergence of New Indo-Aryan languages. [139] Numerals in the Romani, Domari and Lomavren languages, with Hindi and Persian forms for comparison. [140] Note that Romani 7–9 are borrowed from Greek.
Domari
Lomavren
1 ek ekh, jekh yika yak, yek yak, yek
2 do duj dī lui du, do
3 tīn trin tærən tərin se
4 cār štar štar išdör čahār
5 pāñc pandž pandž pendž pandž
6 che šov šaš šeš šaš, šeš
7 sāt ifta xaut haft haft
8 āţh oxto xaišt hašt hašt
9 nau inja na nu nuh, noh
10 das deš des las dah
20 bīs biš wīs vist bist
100 sau šel saj saj sad
Two Gypsies in Spain, by Francisco Iturrino
Genetic findings in 2012 suggest the Romani originated in northwestern India and migrated as a group. [121] [58] [141] According to the study, the ancestors of present scheduled castes and scheduled tribes populations of northern India, traditionally referred to collectively as the Ḍoma, are the likely ancestral populations of modern European Roma. [142] In December 2012, additional findings appeared to confirm the "Roma came from a single group that left northwestern India about 1,500 years ago". [58] They reached the Balkans about 900 years ago [121] and then spread throughout Europe. The team also found the Roma to display genetic isolation, as well as "differential gene flow in time and space with non-Romani Europeans". [121] [58]
Genetic research published in European Journal of Human Genetics "has revealed that over 70% of males belong to a single lineage that appears unique to the Roma". [59]
Genetic evidence supports the medieval migration from India. The Romani have been described as "a conglomerate of genetically isolated founder populations", [143] while a number of common Mendelian disorders among Romanies from all over Europe indicates "a common origin and founder effect". [143] [144]
A study from 2001 by Gresham et al. suggests "a limited number of related founders, compatible with a small group of migrants splitting from a distinct caste or tribal group". [145] The same study found that "a single lineage... found across Romani populations, accounts for almost one-third of Romani males". [145] A 2004 study by Morar et al. concluded that the Romani population "was founded approximately 32–40 generations ago, with secondary and tertiary founder events occurring approximately 16–25 generations ago". [146]
Haplogroup H-M82 is a major lineage cluster in the Balkan Romani group, accounting for approximately 60% of the total. [147] Haplogroup H is uncommon in Europe but present in the Indian subcontinent and Sri Lanka.
A study of 444 people representing three different ethnic groups in North Macedonia found mtDNA haplogroups M5a1 and H7a1a were dominant in Romanies (13.7% and 10.3%, respectively). [148]
Y-DNA composition of Romani in North Macedonia, based on 57 samples: [149]
Haplogroup H – 59.6%
Haplogroup E – 29.8%
Haplogroup I – 5.3%
Haplogroup R – 3.%, of which the half are R1b and many are R1a
Haplogroup G – 1.8%
A Roma makes a complaint to a local magistrate in Hungary, by Sándor Bihari, 1886
Y-DNA Haplogroup H1a occurs in Romani at frequencies 7–70%. Unlike ethnic Hungarians, among Hungarian and Slovakian Romani subpopulations, Haplogroup E-M78 and I1 usually occur above 10% and sometimes over 20%. While among Slovakian and Tiszavasvari Romani the dominant haplogroup is H1a, among Tokaj Romani is Haplogroup J2a (23%), while among Taktaharkány Romani is Haplogroup I2a (21%). [150] Five, rather consistent founder lineages throughout the subpopulations, were found among Romani – J-M67 and J-M92 (J2), H-M52 (H1a1), and I-P259 (I1?). Haplogroup I-P259 as H is not found at frequencies of over 3 percent among host populations, while haplogroups E and I are absent in South Asia. The lineages E-V13, I-P37 (I2a) and R-M17 (R1a) may represent gene flow from the host populations. Bulgarian, Romanian and Greek Romani are dominated by Haplogroup H-M82 (H1a1), while among Spanish Romani J2 is prevalent. [151] In Serbia among Kosovo and Belgrade Romani Haplogroup H prevails, while among Vojvodina Romani, H drops to 7 percent and E-V13 rises to a prevailing level. [152]
Among non-Roma Europeans Haplogroup H is extremely rare, peaking at 7 percent among Albanians from Tirana [153] and 11 percent among Bulgarian Turks. It occurs at 5 percent among Hungarians, [150] although the carriers might be of Romani origin. [151] Among non Roma-speaking Europeans at 2 percent among Slovaks, [154] 2 percent among Croats, [155] 1 percent among Macedonians from Skopje, 3 percent among Macedonian Albanians, [156] 1 percent among Serbs from Belgrade, [157] 3 percent among Bulgarians from Sofia, [158] 1 percent among Austrians and Swiss, [159] 3 percent among Romanians from Ploiesti, 1 percent among Turks. [154]
They may have emerged from the modern Indian state of Rajasthan, [160] migrating to the northwest (the Punjab region, Sindh and Baluchistan of the Indian subcontinent) around 250 BC. Their subsequent westward migration, possibly in waves, is now believed to have occurred beginning in about AD 500. [58] It has also been suggested that emigration from India may have taken place in the context of the raids by Mahmud of Ghazni. As these soldiers were defeated, they were moved west with their families into the Byzantine Empire. [161] The author Ralph Lilley Turner theorised a central Indian origin of Romani followed by a migration to Northwest India as it shares a number of ancient isoglosses with Central Indo-Aryan languages in relation to realization of some sounds of Old Indo-Aryan. This is lent further credence by its sharing exactly the same pattern of northwestern languages such as Kashmiri and Shina through the adoption of oblique enclitic pronouns as person markers. The overall morphology suggests that Romani participated in some of the significant developments leading toward the emergence of New Indo-Aryan languages, thus indicating that the proto-Romani did not leave the Indian subcontinent until late in the second half of the first millennium. [139] [162]
The migration of the Romanies through the Middle East and Northern Africa to Europe
Main article: History of the Romani people
Though according to a 2012 genomic study, the Romani reached the Balkans as early as the 12th century, [163] the first historical records of the Romani reaching south-eastern Europe are from the 14th century: in 1322 after leaving Ireland on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem, Irish Franciscan friar Symon Semeonis encountered a migrant group of Romani outside the town of Candia (modern Heraklion), in Crete, calling them "the descendants of Cain"; his account is the earliest surviving description by a Western chronicler of the Romani in Europe.
In 1350, Ludolph of Saxony mentioned a similar people with a unique language whom he called Mandapolos, a word some think derives from the Greek word mantes (meaning prophet or fortune teller). [164]
Around 1360, a fiefdom called the Feudum Acinganorum was established in Corfu, which mainly used Romani serfs and to which the Romani on the island were subservient. [165]
By the 1440s, they were recorded in Germany; [166] and by the 16th century, Scotland and Sweden. [167] Some Romani migrated from Persia through North Africa, reaching the Iberian Peninsula in the 15th century. The two currents met in France. [168]
First arrival of the Romanies outside Bern in the 15th century, described by the chronicler as getoufte heiden ("baptized heathens") and drawn with dark skin and wearing Saracen-style clothing and weapons
Their early history shows a mixed reception. Although 1385 marks the first recorded transaction for a Romani slave in Wallachia, they were issued safe conduct by Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund in 1417. Romanies were ordered expelled from the Meissen region of Germany in 1416, Lucerne in 1471, Milan in 1493, France in 1504, Catalonia in 1512, Sweden in 1525, England in 1530 (see Egyptians Act 1530), and Denmark in 1536. In 1510, any Romani found in Switzerland were ordered put to death, with similar rules established in England in 1554, and Denmark in 1589, whereas Portugal began deportations of Romanies to its colonies in 1538. [170]
A 1596 English statute gave Romanies special privileges that other wanderers lacked. France passed a similar law in 1683. Catherine the Great of Russia declared the Romanies "crown slaves" (a status superior to serfs), but also kept them out of certain parts of the capital. [171] In 1595, Ștefan Răzvan overcame his birth into slavery, and became the Voivode (Prince) of Moldavia. [170]
An 1852 Wallachian poster advertising an auction of Romani slaves in Bucharest
Since a royal edict by Charles II in 1695, Spanish gypsies had been restricted to certain towns. [172] An official edict in 1717 restricted them to only 75 towns and districts, so that they would not be concentrated in any one region. In the Great Gypsy Round-up, Romani were arrested and imprisoned by the Spanish Monarchy in 1749.
During the latter part of the 17th century around the time of the Franco-Dutch War both France and Holland needed thousands of men to fight. Some recruitment took the form of rounding up vagrants and the poor to work the galleys and provide labour force for the armies. With this background, Gypsies were targets by both the French and the Dutch.
After the wars, and into the first decade of the 18th century, Gypsies were slaughtered with impunity throughout Holland. Gypsies, called ‘heiden’ by the Dutch, wandered throughout the rural areas of Europe and became the societal pariahs of the age. Gypsy-hunt or heidenjachten, translated as "heathen hunt" happened throughout Holland in an attempt to eradicate them. [173]
Although some Romani could be kept as slaves in Wallachia and Moldavia until abolition in 1856, the majority traveled as free nomads with their wagons, as alluded to in the spoked wheel symbol in the Romani flag. [174] Elsewhere in Europe, they were subject to ethnic cleansing, abduction of their children, and forced labor. In England, Romani were sometimes expelled from small communities or hanged; in France, they were branded and their heads were shaved; in Moravia and Bohemia, the women were marked by their ears being severed. As a result, large groups of the Romani moved to the East, toward Poland, which was more tolerant, and Russia, where the Romani were treated more fairly as long as they paid the annual taxes. [175]
Romani began emigrating to North America in colonial times, with small groups recorded in Virginia and French Louisiana. Larger-scale Roma emigration to the United States began in the 1860s, with groups of Romanichal from Great Britain. The largest number immigrated in the early 1900s, mainly from the Vlax group of Kalderash. Many Romani also settled in South America.
Sinti and other Romani about to be deported from Germany, 22 May 1940
Main article: Porajmos
During World War II, the Nazis embarked on a systematic genocide of the Romani, a process known in Romani as the Porajmos . [176] Romanies were marked for extermination and sentenced to forced labor and imprisonment in concentration camps.
They were often killed on sight, especially by the Einsatzgruppen (paramilitary death squads) on the Eastern Front. [177] The total number of victims has been variously estimated at between 220,000 and 1,500,000; even the lower figure would make the Porajmos one of the largest mass killings in history. [178]
The treatment of Romani in Nazi partner states differed markedly. In the Independent State of Croatia, the separatist Ustasa organization killed around 25,000 Roma, almost the entire Roma population. The concentration camp system of Jasenovac, run by the Ustasa militia and the Croat political police, were responsible for the deaths of between 15,000 and 20,000 Roma. [179]
Post-1945
In Czechoslovakia, they were labeled a "socially degraded stratum", and Romani women were sterilized as part of a state policy to reduce their population. This policy was implemented with large financial incentives, threats of denying future welfare payments, with misinformation, or after administering drugs. [180] [181]
An official inquiry from the Czech Republic, resulting in a report (December 2005), concluded that the Communist authorities had practised an assimilation policy towards Romanis, which "included efforts by social services to control the birth rate in the Romani community. The problem of sexual sterilisation carried out in the Czech Republic, either with improper motivation or illegally, exists," said the Czech Public Defender of Rights, recommending state compensation for women affected between 1973 and 1991. [182] New cases were revealed up until 2004, in both the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Germany, Norway, Sweden and Switzerland "all have histories of coercive sterilization of minorities and other groups". [183]
Main article: Romani society and culture
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Münster, Sebastian (1552), "A Gipsy Family", The Cosmographia (facsimile of a woodcut), Basle
Nomadic Roma family traveling in Moldavia, 1837
The traditional Romanies place a high value on the extended family. Virginity is essential in unmarried women. Both men and women often marry young; there has been controversy in several countries over the Romani practice of child marriage. Romani law establishes that the man's family must pay a bride price to the bride's parents, but only traditional families still follow this rule.
Once married, the woman joins the husband's family, where her main job is to tend to her husband's and her children's needs, as well as to take care of her in-laws. The power structure in the traditional Romani household has at its top the oldest man or grandfather, and men in general have more authority than women. Women gain respect and authority as they get older. Young wives begin gaining authority once they have children.
Romani social behavior is strictly regulated by Hindu purity laws [184] ("marime" or "marhime"), still respected by most Roma (and by most older generations of Sinti). This regulation affects many aspects of life, and is applied to actions, people and things: parts of the human body are considered impure: the genital organs (because they produce emissions), as well as the rest of the lower body. Clothes for the lower body, as well as the clothes of menstruating women, are washed separately. Items used for eating are also washed in a different place. Childbirth is considered impure, and must occur outside the dwelling place. The mother is considered impure for forty days after giving birth.
Death is considered impure, and affects the whole family of the dead, who remain impure for a period of time. In contrast to the practice of cremating the dead, Romani dead must be buried. [185] Cremation and burial are both known from the time of the Rigveda, and both are widely practiced in Hinduism today (although the tendency is for Hindus to practice cremation, while some communities in South India tend to bury their dead). [186] Some animals are also considered impure, for instance cats because they lick their hindquarters. Horses, in contrast, are not considered impure because they cannot do so. [187]
Main articles: Romanipen and Gadjo (non-Romani)
In Romani philosophy, Romanipen (also romanypen, romanipe, romanype, romanimos, romaimos, romaniya) is the totality of the Romani spirit, Romani culture, Romani Law, being a Romani, a set of Romani strains.
An ethnic Romani is considered a gadjo in the Romani society if he has no Romanipen. Sometimes a non-Romani may be considered a Romani if he has Romanipen. Usually this is an adopted child. It has been hypothesized that it owes more to a framework of culture rather than simply an adherence to historically received rules. [188]
Christian Romanies during the pilgrimage at Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer in France, 1980s
Most Romani people are Christian[ citation needed ], others Muslim; some retained their ancient faith of Hinduism from their original homeland of India, while others have their own religion and political organization. [189]
The ancestors of modern-day Romani people were Hindu, but adopted Christianity or Islam depending on the regions through which they had migrated. [190] Muslim Roma are found in Turkey, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Albania, Egypt, Kosovo, North Macedonia, and Bulgaria, forming a very significant proportion of the Romani people. In neighboring countries such as Serbia and Greece, most Romani inhabitants follow the practice of Orthodoxy. It is likely that the adherence to differing religions prevented families from engaging in intermarriage. [191]
Members of the Cofradía de los Gitanos parading the "throne" of Mary of the O during the Holy Week in Malaga, Spain
In Spain, most Gitanos are Roman Catholics.[ citation needed ] Some brotherhoods have organized Gitanos in their Holy Week devotions. They are popularly known as Cofradía de los Gitanos . However, the proportion of followers of Evangelical Christianity among Gitanos is higher than among the rest of Spaniards.[ citation needed ] Their version of el culto integrates Flamenco music.
Deities and saints
Blessed Ceferino Giménez Malla is recently considered a patron saint of the Romani people in Roman Catholicism. [192] Saint Sarah, or Sara e Kali, has also been venerated as a patron saint in her shrine at Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer, France. Since the turn of the 21st century, Sara e Kali is understood to have been Kali, an Indian deity brought from India by the refugee ancestors of the Roma people; as the Roma became Christianized, she was absorbed in a syncretic way and worshipped as a saint. [193]
Gypsy fortune-teller in Poland, by Antoni Kozakiewicz, 1884
Saint Sarah is now increasingly being considered as "a Romani Goddess, the Protectress of the Roma" and an "indisputable link with Mother India". [193] [194]
Ceremonies and practices
Romanies often adopt the dominant religion of their host country in the event that a ceremony associated with a formal religious institution is necessary, such as a baptism or funeral (their particular belief systems and indigenous religion and worship remain preserved regardless of such adoption processes). The Roma continue to practice "Shaktism", a practice with origins in India, whereby a female consort is required for the worship of a god. Adherence to this practice means that for the Roma who worship the Christian God, prayer is conducted through the Virgin Mary, or her mother, Saint Anne – Shaktism continues over one thousand years after the people's separation from India. [195]
Besides the Roma elders (who serve as spiritual leaders), priests, churches, or bibles do not exist among the Romanies – the only exception is the Pentecostal Roma. [195]
Costume of a Romani woman
For the Roma communities that have resided in the Balkans for numerous centuries, often referred to as "Turkish Gypsies", the following histories apply for religious beliefs:
Albania – The majority of Albania's Roma people are Muslims. [196]
Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro – Islam is the dominant religion among the Roma. [197]
Bulgaria – In northwestern Bulgaria, in addition to Sofia and Kyustendil, Christianity is the dominant faith among Romani people (a major conversion to Eastern Orthodox Christianity among Romani people has occurred). In southeastern Bulgaria, Islam is the dominant religion among Romani people, with a smaller section of the Romani population, declaring themselves as "Turks", continuing to mix ethnicity with Islam. [197]
Croatia – Following the Second World War, a large number of Muslim Roma relocated to Croatia (the majority moving from Kosovo). [197]
Greece – The descendants of groups, such as Sepečides or Sevljara, Kalpazaja, Filipidži and others, living in Athens, Thessaloniki, central Greece and Greek Macedonia are mostly Orthodox Christians, with Islamic beliefs held by a minority of the population. Following the Peace Treaty of Lausanne of 1923, many Muslim Roma moved to Turkey in the subsequent population exchange between Turkey and Greece. [197]
Muslim Romanies in Bosnia and Herzegovina (around 1900)
Kosovo – The vast majority of the Roma population in Kosovo is Muslim. [197]
North Macedonia – The majority of Roma people are followers of Islam. [197]
Romania – According to the 2002 census, the majority of Romani minority living in Romania are Orthodox Christians, while 6.4% are Pentecostals, 3.8% Roman Catholics, 3% Reformed, 1.1% Greek Catholics, 0.9% Baptists, 0.8% Seventh-Day Adventists. [198] In Dobruja, there is a small community that are Muslim and also speak Turkish. [197]
Serbia – Most Roma people in Serbia are Orthodox Christian, but there are some Muslim Roma in Southern Serbia, who are mainly refugees from Kosovo. [197]
In Ukraine and Russia the Roma populations are also Muslim as the families of Balkan migrants continue to live in these locations. Their ancestors settled on the Crimean peninsula during the 17th and 18th centuries, but then migrated to Ukraine, southern Russia and the Povolzhie (along the Volga River). Formally, Islam is the religion that these communities align themselves with and the people are recognized for their staunch preservation of the Romani language and identity. [197]
In Poland and Slovakia their populations are Roman Catholic many times adopting and following local, cultural Catholicism as a syncretic system of belief that incorporates distinct Roma beliefs and cultural aspects. For example, many Polish Roma delay their Church wedding due to the belief that sacramental marriage is accompanied by divine ratification, creating a virtually indissoluble union until the couple consummate, after which the sacramental marriage is dissoluble only by the death of a spouse. Therefore, for Polish Roma once married one can't ever divorce. Another aspect of Polish Roma's Catholicism is a tradition of pilgrimage to the Jasna Góra Monastery. [199]
Most Eastern European Romanies are Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, or Muslim. [200] Those in Western Europe and the United States are mostly Roman Catholic or Protestant – in southern Spain, many Romanies are Pentecostal, but this is a small minority that has emerged in contemporary times. [195] In Egypt, the Romanies are split into Christian and Muslim populations. [201]
Main article: Romani music
27 June 2009: Fanfare Ciocârlia live in Athens, Greece
Street performance during the Khamoro World Roma Festival in Prague, 2007
Romani music plays an important role in Central and Eastern European countries such as Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro, Bulgaria, North Macedonia, Albania, Hungary, Slovakia, Slovenia and Romania, and the style and performance practices of Romani musicians have influenced European classical composers such as Franz Liszt and Johannes Brahms. The lăutari who perform at traditional Romanian weddings are virtually all Romani.
Probably the most internationally prominent contemporary performers[ citation needed ] in the lăutari tradition are Taraful Haiducilor. Bulgaria's popular "wedding music", too, is almost exclusively performed by Romani musicians such as Ivo Papasov, a virtuoso clarinetist closely associated with this genre and Bulgarian pop-folk singer Azis.
Many famous classical musicians, such as the Hungarian pianist Georges Cziffra, are Romani, as are many prominent performers of manele. Zdob și Zdub, one of the most prominent rock bands in Moldova, although not Romanies themselves, draw heavily on Romani music, as do Spitalul de Urgență in Romania, Shantel in Germany, Goran Bregović in Serbia, Darko Rundek in Croatia, Beirut and Gogol Bordello in the United States.
Another tradition of Romani music is the genre of the Romani brass band, with such notable practitioners as Boban Marković of Serbia, and the brass lăutari groups Fanfare Ciocărlia and Fanfare din Cozmesti of Romania.
Many musical instruments like violins and guitars are said[ by whom? ] to have originated from the Romani. Many dances such as the flamenco of Spain and Oriental dances of Egypt are also said to have originated from them. [202]
The distinctive sound of Romani music has also strongly influenced bolero, jazz, and flamenco (especially cante jondo ) in Spain. European-style gypsy jazz ("jazz Manouche" or "Sinti jazz") is still widely practiced among the original creators (the Romanie People); one who acknowledged this artistic debt was guitarist Django Reinhardt. Contemporary artists in this tradition known internationally include Stochelo Rosenberg, Biréli Lagrène, Jimmy Rosenberg, Paulus Schäfer and Tchavolo Schmitt.
The Romanies of Turkey have achieved musical acclaim from national and local audiences. Local performers usually perform for special holidays. Their music is usually performed on instruments such as the darbuka, gırnata and cümbüş. [203]
Main article: Romani contemporary art
Romani contemporary art is art created by Romani people. It emerged at the climax of the process that began in Central and Eastern Europe in the late-1980s, when the interpretation of the cultural practice of minorities was enabled by a paradigm shift, commonly referred to in specialist literature as the Cultural turn. The idea of the "cultural turn" was introduced; and this was also the time when the notion of cultural democracy became crystallized in the debates carried on at various public forums. Civil society gained strength, and civil politics appeared, which is a prerequisite for cultural democracy. This shift of attitude in scholarly circles derived from concerns specific not only to ethnicity, but also to society, gender and class. [204]
Main article: Romani language
Most Romani speak one of several dialects of the Romani language, [205] an Indo-Aryan language, with roots in Sanskrit. They also often speak the languages of the countries they live in. Typically, they also incorporate loanwords and calques into Romani from the languages of those countries and especially words for terms that the Romani language does not have. Most of the Ciganos of Portugal, the Gitanos of Spain, the Romanichal of the UK, and Scandinavian Travellers have lost their knowledge of pure Romani, and respectively speak the mixed languages Caló, [206] Angloromany, and Scandoromani. Most of the speaker communities in these regions consist of later immigrants from eastern or central Europe. [207]
There are no concrete statistics for the number of Romani speakers, both in Europe and globally. However, a conservative estimation has been made at 3.5 million speakers in Europe and a further 500,000 elsewhere, [207] although the actual number may be considerably higher. This makes Romani the second largest minority language in Europe, behind Catalan. [207]
In relation to dialect diversity, Romani works in the same way as most other European languages. [208] Cross-dialect communication is dominated by the following features:
All Romani speakers are bilingual, and are accustomed to borrowing words or phrases from a second language; this makes it difficult when trying to communicate with Romanis from different countries
Romani was traditionally a language shared between extended family and a close-knit community. This has resulted in the inability to comprehend dialects from other countries. This is the reason Romani is sometimes considered to be a number of different languages.
There is no tradition or literary standard for Romani speakers to use as a guideline for their language use. [208]
Main article: Anti-Romanyism
One of the most enduring persecutions against the Romani people was their enslavement. Slavery was widely practiced in medieval Europe, including the territory of present-day Romania from before the founding of the principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia in the 13th–14th century. [209] [ page needed ] Legislation decreed that all the Romani living in these states, as well as any others who immigrated there, were classified as slaves. [210] Slavery was gradually abolished during the 1840s and 1850s. [211] [ page needed ]
The exact origins of slavery in the Danubian Principalities are not known. There is some debate over whether the Romani people came to Wallachia and Moldavia as free men or were brought as slaves. Historian Nicolae Iorga associated the Roma people's arrival with the 1241 Mongol invasion of Europe and considered their slavery as a vestige of that era, in which the Romanians took the Roma as slaves from the Mongols and preserved their status to use their labor. Other historians believe that the Romani were enslaved while captured during the battles with the Tatars. The practice of enslaving war prisoners may also have been adopted from the Mongols. [209] [ page needed ]
Some Romani may have been slaves or auxiliary troops of the Mongols or Tatars, but most of them migrated from south of the Danube at the end of the 14th century, some time after the foundation of Wallachia. By then, the institution of slavery was already established in Moldavia and possibly in both principalities. After the Roma migrated into the area, slavery became a widespread practice by the majority population. The Tatar slaves, smaller in numbers, were eventually merged into the Roma population. [212]
Some branches of the Romani people reached Western Europe in the 15th century, fleeing as refugees from the Ottoman conquest of the Balkans. [213] Although the Romani were refugees from the conflicts in southeastern Europe, they were often suspected by certain populations in the West of being associated with the Ottoman invasion because their physical appearance seemed Turkish. (The Imperial Diet at Landau and Freiburg in 1496–1498 declared that the Romani were spies of the Turks). In Western Europe, such suspicions and discrimination against a people who were a visible minority resulted in persecution, often violent, with efforts to achieve ethnic cleansing until the modern era. In times of social tension, the Romani suffered as scapegoats; for instance, they were accused of bringing the plague during times of epidemics. [214]
On 30 July 1749, Spain conducted The Great Roundup of Romani (Gitanos) in its territory. The Spanish Crown ordered a nationwide raid that led to the break-up of families as all able-bodied men were interned into forced labor camps in an attempt at ethnic cleansing. The measure was eventually reversed and the Gypsies were freed as protests began to arise in different communities, sedentary gypsies being highly esteemed and protected in rural Spain. [215] [216]
Later in the 19th century, Romani immigration was forbidden on a racial basis in areas outside Europe, mostly in the English-speaking world. Argentina in 1880 prohibited immigration by Roma, as did the United States in 1885. [214]
Deportation of Roma from Asperg, Germany, 1940 (photograph by the Rassenhygienische Forschungsstelle)
In the Habsburg Monarchy under Maria Theresa (1740–1780), a series of decrees tried to force the Romanies to permanently settle, removed rights to horse and wagon ownership (1754), renamed them as "New Citizens" and forced Romani boys into military service if they had no trade (1761), forced them to register with the local authorities (1767), and prohibited marriage between Romanies (1773). Her successor Josef II prohibited the wearing of traditional Romani clothing and the use of the Romani language, punishable by flogging. [217]
In Spain, attempts to assimilate the Gitanos were under way as early as 1619, when Gitanos were forcibly settled, the use of the Romani language was prohibited, Gitano men and women were sent to separate workhouses and their children sent to orphanages. King Charles III took on a more progressive attitude to Gitano assimilation, proclaiming their equal rights as Spanish citizens and ending official denigration based on their race. While he prohibited the nomadic lifestyle, the use of the Calo language, Romani clothing, their trade in horses and other itinerant trades, he also forbade any form of discrimination against them or barring them from the guilds. The use of the word gitano was also forbidden to further assimilation, substituted for "New Castilian", which was also applied to former Jews and Muslims. [218] [219]
Most historians agree that Charles III pragmática failed for three main reasons, ultimately derived from its implementation outside major cities and in marginal areas: The difficulty the Gitano community faced in changing its nomadic lifestyle, the marginal lifestyle in which the community had been driven by society and the serious difficulties of applying the pragmática in the fields of education and work. One author ascribes its failure to the overall rejection by the wider population of the integration of the Gitanos. [217] [220]
Other examples of forced assimilation include Norway, where a law was passed in 1896 permitting the state to remove children from their parents and place them in state institutions. [221] This resulted in some 1,500 Romani children being taken from their parents in the 20th century. [222]
The persecution of the Romanies reached a peak during World War II in the Porajmos, the genocide perpetrated by the Nazis during the Holocaust. In 1935, the Nuremberg laws stripped the Romani people living in Nazi Germany of their citizenship, after which they were subjected to violence, imprisonment in concentration camps and later genocide in extermination camps. The policy was extended in areas occupied by the Nazis during the war, and it was also applied by their allies, notably the Independent State of Croatia, Romania and Hungary.
Because no accurate pre-war census figures exist for the Romanis, it is impossible to accurately assess the actual number of victims. Most estimates for numbers of Romani victims of the Holocaust fall between 200,000 and 500,000, although figures ranging between 90,000 and 1.5 million have been proposed. Lower estimates do not include those killed in all Axis-controlled countries. A detailed study by Sybil Milton, formerly senior historian at the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum gave a figure of at least a minimum of 220,000, possibly closer to 500,000. [223] Ian Hancock, Director of the Program of Romani Studies and the Romani Archives and Documentation Center at the University of Texas at Austin, argues in favour of a higher figure of between 500,000 and 1,500,000. [224]
In Central Europe, the extermination in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia was so thorough that the Bohemian Romani language became extinct.
Main article: Anti-Romanyism § Contemporary anti-Romanyism
Distribution of the Romani people in Europe (2007 Council of Europe "average estimates", totalling 9.8 million)
Antiziganist protests in Sofia, 2011
In Europe, Romani people are associated with poverty, and are accused of high rates of crime and behaviours that are perceived by the rest of the population as being antisocial or inappropriate. [226] Partly for this reason, discrimination against the Romani people has continued to the present day, [227] [228] although efforts are being made to address them. [229] Amnesty International reports continued instances of Antizigan discrimination during the 20th Century, particularly in Romania, Serbia, [230] Slovakia, [231] Hungary, [232] Slovenia, [233] and Kosovo. [234] The European Union has recognized that discrimination against Romani must be addressed, and with the national Roma integration strategy they encourage member states to work towards greater Romani inclusion and upholding the rights of the Romani in the European union. [235]
*projections for Serbia also include up to 97.000 Roma IDPs in Serbia [236]
Roma estimate percentage of population in European countries [237]
Country Percent
Serbia*
The Romanis of Kosovo have been severely persecuted by ethnic Albanians since the end of the Kosovo War, and the region's Romani community is, for the most part, annihilated. [238]
Czechoslovakia carried out a policy of sterilization of Romani women, starting in 1973. [239] The dissidents of the Charter 77 denounced it in 1977–78 as a genocide, but the practice continued through the Velvet Revolution of 1989. [240] A 2005 report by the Czech Republic's independent ombudsman, Otakar Motejl, identified dozens of cases of coercive sterilization between 1979 and 2001, and called for criminal investigations and possible prosecution against several health care workers and administrators. [241]
In 2008, following the brutal rape and subsequent murder of an Italian woman in Rome at the hands of a young man from a local Romani encampment, [242] the Italian government declared that Italy's Romani population represented a national security risk and that swift action was required to address the emergenza nomadi (nomad emergency). [243] Specifically, officials in the Italian government accused the Romanies of being responsible for rising crime rates in urban areas.
The 2008 deaths of Cristina and Violetta Djeordsevic, two Roma children who drowned while Italian beach-goers remained unperturbed, brought international attention to the relationship between Italians and the Roma people. Reviewing the situation in 2012, one Belgian magazine observed:
On International Roma Day, which falls on 8 April, the significant proportion of Europe's 12 million Roma who live in deplorable conditions will not have much to celebrate. And poverty is not the only worry for the community. Ethnic tensions are on the rise. In 2008, Roma camps came under attack in Italy, intimidation by racist parliamentarians is the norm in Hungary. Speaking in 1993, Václav Havel prophetically remarked that "the treatment of the Roma is a Litmus test for democracy": and democracy has been found wanting. The consequences of the transition to capitalism have been disastrous for the Roma. Under communism they had jobs, free housing and schooling. Now many are unemployed, many are losing their homes and racism is increasingly rewarded with impunity. [244]
The 2016 Pew Research poll found that Italians, in particular, hold strong anti-Roma views, with 82% of Italians expressing negative opinions about Roma. In Greece 67%, in Hungary 64%, in France 61%, in Spain 49%, in Poland 47%, in the UK 45%, in Sweden 42%, in Germany 40%, and in the Netherlands [245] 37% have an unfavourable view of Roma. [246]
Main article: Expulsion of Romani people from France
In the summer of 2010 French authorities demolished at least 51 illegal Roma camps and began the process of repatriating their residents to their countries of origin. [247] This followed tensions between the French state and Roma communities, which had been heightened after French police opened fire and killed a traveller who drove through a police checkpoint, hitting an officer, and attempted to hit two more officers at another checkpoint. In retaliation a group of Roma, armed with hatchets and iron bars, attacked the police station of Saint-Aignan, toppled traffic lights and road signs and burned three cars. [248] [249] The French government has been accused of perpetrating these actions to pursue its political agenda. [250] EU Justice Commissioner Viviane Reding stated that the European Commission should take legal action against France over the issue, calling the deportations "a disgrace". A leaked file dated 5 August, sent from the Interior Ministry to regional police chiefs included the instruction: "Three hundred camps or illegal settlements must be cleared within three months, Roma camps are a priority." [251]
World Romani Congress
European Roma Rights Centre
Gypsy Lore Society [63]
International Romani Union
Decade of Roma Inclusion, multinational project
International Romani Day 8 April
Main article: Romani people in fiction
Paris Bordone, c. 1530, Elizabeth, at right, is shown as a gypsy fortune-teller
Many depictions of Romani people in literature and art present romanticized narratives of mystical powers of fortune telling or irascible or passionate temper paired with an indomitable love of freedom and a habit of criminality. Romani were a popular subject in Venetian painting from the time of Giorgione at the start of the 16th century; the inclusion of such a figure adds an exotic oriental flavour to scenes. A Venetian Renaissance painting by Paris Bordone (ca. 1530, Strasbourg) of the Holy Family in Egypt makes Elizabeth, a gypsy fortune-teller; the scene is otherwise located in a distinctly European landscape. [252]
Particularly notable are classics like the story Carmen by Prosper Mérimée and the opera based on it by Georges Bizet, Victor Hugo's The Hunchback of Notre Dame , Herge's The Castafiore Emerald and Miguel de Cervantes' La Gitanilla. The Romani were also depicted in A Midsummer Night's Dream , As You Like It , Othello and The Tempest , all by William Shakespeare.
The Romani were also heavily romanticized in the Soviet Union, a classic example being the 1975 Tabor ukhodit v Nebo . A more realistic depiction of contemporary Romani in the Balkans, featuring Romani lay actors speaking in their native dialects, although still playing with established clichés of a Romani penchant for both magic and crime, was presented by Emir Kusturica in his Time of the Gypsies (1988) and Black Cat, White Cat (1998). The films of Tony Gatlif, a French director of Romani ethnicity, like Les Princes (1983), Latcho Drom (1993) and Gadjo Dilo (1997) also portray gypsy life.
August von Pettenkofen: Gypsy Children (1885), Hermitage Museum
Vincent van Gogh: The Caravans – Gypsy Camp near Arles (1888, oil on canvas)
Esméralda
Environmental racism in Europe
Gypsy Scourge
King of the Gypsies
R v Krymowski
Rajasthani people
Timeline of Romani history
Itinerant groups in Europe
Nomadic tribes in India
List of Romani people
List of Romani settlements
↑ 5,400 per 2000 census.
↑ This is a census figure. Some 1,236,810 (6.14% of the population) did not declare any ethnicity. There was not any option for a person to declare multiple ethnicities.
↑ This is a census figure. Some 736,981 (10% of the population) did not declare any ethnicity. There was not any option for a person to declare multiple ethnicities. In a report of the census’ authors, the ethnic results of this census are identified as a "gross manipulation".
↑ This is a census figure. There was an option to declare multiple ethnicities, so this figure includes Romani of multiple backgrounds. According to the 2016 microcensus 99.1% of Hungarian Romani declared Hungarian ethnic identity also.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 This is a census figure.
↑ This is a census figure. Some 368,136 (5.1% of the population) did not declare any ethnicity. There was not any option for a person to declare multiple ethnicities.
↑ This is a census figure. Less than 1% of the population did not declare any ethnicity. There was not any option for a person to declare multiple ethnicities.
↑ This is a census figure. Less than 1% of the population did not declare any ethnicity.
↑ This is a census figure including Romani and Ashkali/Black Egyptians.
↑ This is a census figure. There was an additional 3,368 Balkan Egyptians. 390,938 (14% of the population) did not declare any ethnicity. The census is regarded as unreliable by the Council of Europe
The Romani genocide or the Romani Holocaust—also known as the Porajmos, the Pharrajimos, and the Samudaripen —was the effort by Nazi Germany and its World War II allies to commit genocide against Europe's Romani people.
Romani music is the music of the Romani people, who have their origins in northern India, but today live mostly in Europe.
The Sinti are a Romani people of Central Europe. They were traditionally itinerant, but today only a small percentage of Sinti remain unsettled. In earlier times, they frequently lived on the outskirts of communities. The Sinti of Central Europe are closely related to the group known as Manouche in France. They speak the Sinti-Manouche variety of Romani, which exhibits strong German influence.
Bohemian Romani or Bohemian Romany is a dialect of Romani formerly spoken by the Romani people of Bohemia, the western part of today's Czech Republic. It became extinct after World War II, due to extermination of most of its speakers in Nazi concentration camps.
Romani people constitute one of Romania's largest minorities. According to the 2011 census, they number 621,573 people or 3.08% of the total population, being the second-largest ethnic minority in Romania after Hungarians. There are different estimates about the size of the total population of people with Romani ancestry in Romania, varying from 4.6 percent to over 10 percent of the population, because a lot of people of Romani descent do not declare themselves Roma.
The Gypsies in Spain, generally known as gitanos, belong to the Iberian Kale group, with smaller populations in Portugal and in southern France. They tend to speak Caló, which basically encompasses a range of regional dialects of Spanish with numerous Romani loan words and mannerisms. Nevertheless, to varying degrees, they identify with Andalusian culture and music due to the large and culturally significant gitano population present in that region. Data on ethnicity is not collected in Spain, although the Government's statistical agency CIS estimated in 2007 that the number of Gitanos present in Spain is probably around one million.
The Romani people, also referred to depending on the sub-group as Roma, Sinti or Sindhi, or Kale are an Indo-Aryan ethnic group, who live primarily in Europe. They originated in northwest regions of the Indian subcontinent and left sometime between the 6th and 11th century to work in Middle Eastern courts of their own volition, or as slaves. A small number of nomadic groups were cut off from their return to the subcontinent by conflicts and moved west, eventually settling in Europe, Turkey and North Africa via Iran.
The Romani people are a distinct ethnic and cultural group of peoples living all across Europe, who share a family of languages and sometimes a traditional nomadic modes of life. Their exact origins are unclear and even though their culture has been victimized by other cultures, they still found a way to maintain their heritage and society.
Romani peoplein Bulgaria constitute Europe's densest Romani minority. The Romani people in Bulgaria "speak Bulgarian, Turkish or Romani, depending on the region and their religious affiliations."
Antiziganism is the hostility, prejudice, discrimination or racism specifically directed at Romani people. Non-Rom groups such as the Yenish and Irish and Scottish Travellers are often given the misnomer "gypsy" and confused with the Romani people. As a result, sentiments directed towards them are often referred to as "antigypsy" as well.
Romani people in Hungary are Hungarian citizens of Romani descent. According to the 2011 census, they compose 3.18% of the total population, which alone makes them the largest minority in the country, although various estimations have put the number of Romani people as high as 5–10 percent of the total population.
Romani people in France, generally known in spoken French as "gitans", "tsiganes" or "manouches", are an ethnic group which originated in Northern India. The exact numbers of Romani people in France are not known, with estimates varying from 20,000 to 400,000. At least 12,000 Romani are estimated to live in unofficial urban camps throughout the country, with French authorities often attempting to close down these encampments. In 2009, the French government sent more than 10,000 foreign Romani back to Romania and Bulgaria.
The Romani people are also known by a variety of other names; in English as gypsies or gipsies and Roma, in Greek as γύφτοι (gíftoi) or τσιγγάνοι (tsiggánoi), in Central and Eastern Europe as Tsingani, in France as gitans besides the dated bohémiens, manouches, in Italy as zingari and gitani, in Spain as gitanos, and in Portugal as ciganos.
There have been Romani people in Croatia for more than 600 years and they are concentrated mostly in the northern regions of the country. The 2011 Croatian census found 16,675 Romani in Croatia or 0.4% of the population. In 2001, more than half of the Romani population was located in the Međimurje County and the City of Zagreb. Various estimates place the actual Romani population at 30,000-40,000, with some up to 60,000. A considerable number of Romani refugees in Croatia are from the ethnic conflict in Bosnia.
Sinte Romani is the variety of Romani spoken by the Sinti people in Germany, France, Austria, Belgium, The Netherlands, some parts of Northern Italy and other adjacent regions. Sinte Romani is characterized by significant German influence and is not mutually intelligible with other forms of Romani. The language is written in the Latin script.
The Romani are an ethnic group that has lived in Austria since the Middle Ages. According to the 2001 census, there were 6,273 Romani speakers in Austria or less than 0.1% of the population. Estimations count between 10,000 and 25,000. A more recent estimation count between 40,000 and 50,000 Romani people or about 0.5%. Most indigenous Romani people in Austria belong to the Burgenland-Roma Group, in East-Austria. The Majority live in the State of Burgenland, in the City of Oberwart and in villages next to the District of Oberwart. The Burgenland-Roma speak the Vlax Romani language.
Romani people in Germany are estimated to around 170,000-300,000, constituting around 0.1% of the population. One-third of Germany Romani belong to the Sinti group. The majority of Romani in Germany lack German citizenship, having immigrated mostly from Hungary, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Romania, Albania, and Kosovo, and the other countries of former Yugoslavia, and few from Turkey. Most speak German or Sinte Romani.
↑ Lewis, M. Paul, ed. (2009). "Ethnologue: Languages of the World" (online) (16th ed.). Dallas, TX: SIL. Retrieved 15 September 2010. Ian Hancock's 1987 estimate for 'all Gypsies in the world' was 6 to 11 million.
↑ "EU demands action to tackle Roma poverty". BBC News. 5 April 2011.
↑ "The Roma". Nationalia. Retrieved 20 November 2015.
↑ "Rom". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 15 September 2010. ... estimates of the total world Roma population range from two million to five million.
↑ The Marginalization of Shadow Minorities (Roma) and Its Impact on Opportunities. p. 117. ISBN 978-1-109-78487-9 . Retrieved 27 July 2016.
1 2 Kayla Webley (13 October 2010). "Hounded in Europe, Roma in the U.S. Keep a Low Profile". Time. Retrieved 3 October 2015. Today, estimates put the number of Roma in the U.S. at about one million.
↑ "Falta de políticas públicas para ciganos é desafio para o governo" [Lack of public policy for Romani is a challenge for the administration] (in Portuguese). R7. 2011. Archived from the original on 11 January 2012. Retrieved 22 January 2012. The Special Secretariat for the Promotion of Racial Equality estimates the number of "ciganos" (Romanis) in Brazil at 800,000 (2011). The 2010 IBGE Brazilian National Census encountered gypsy camps in 291 of Brazil's 5,565 municipalities.
↑ "Roma integration in Spain". European Commission – European Commission.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 "Roma and Travellers Team. TOOLS AND TEXTS OF REFERENCE. Estimates on Roma population in European countries" (PDF)Council of Europe Roma and Travellers Division
↑ Estimated by the Society for Threatened Peoples
↑ "The Situation of Roma in Spain" (PDF). Open Society Institute. 2002. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 December 2007. Retrieved 15 September 2010. The Spanish government estimates the number of Gitanos at a maximum of 650,000.
1 2 "Diagnóstico social de la comunidad gitana en España : Un análisis contrastado de la Encuesta del CIS a Hogares de Población Gitana 2007" (PDF). mscbs.gob.es. 2007. Tabla 1. La comunidad gitana de España en el contexto de la población romaní de la Unión Europea. Población Romaní: 750.000 [...] Por 100 habitantes: 1,87% [...] se podrían llegar a barajar cifras [...] de 1.100.000 personas
↑ "Roma integration in Romania". European Commission – European Commission.
↑ 2011 census data, based on table 7 Population by ethnicity, gives a total of 621,573 Roma in Romania. This figure is disputed by other sources, because at the local level, many Roma declare a different ethnicity (mostly Romanian, but also Hungarian in Transylvania and Turkish in Dobruja). Many are not recorded at all, since they do not have ID cards . International sources give higher figures than the official census(UNDP's Regional Bureau for Europe Archived 7 October 2006 at the Wayback Machine , World Bank, International Association for Official Statistics Archived 26 February 2008 at the Wayback Machine ).
↑ "Rezultatele finale ale Recensământului din 2011 – Tab8. Populația stabilă după etnie – județe, municipii, orașe, comune" (XLS) (in Romanian). National Institute of Statistics (Romania). 5 July 2013. Retrieved 18 December 2013. However, various organizations claim that there are 2 million Romanis in Romania. See
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↑ "Türkiye'deki Kürtlerin sayısı!" [The number of Kurds in Turkey!] (in Turkish). 6 June 2008. Retrieved 2 January 2016.
↑ "Türkiye'deki Çingene nüfusu tam bilinmiyor. 2, hatta 5 milyon gibi rakamlar dolaşıyor Çingenelerin arasında". Hurriyet (in Turkish). TR. 8 May 2005. Retrieved 2 January 2016.
↑ "Situation of Roma in France at crisis proportions". EurActiv Network. 7 December 2005. Retrieved 21 October 2015. According to the report, the settled Gypsy population in France is officially estimated at around 500,000, although other estimates say that the actual figure is much closer to 1.2 million.
↑ Gorce, Bernard (22 July 2010). "Roms, gens du voyage, deux réalités différentes". La Croix . Retrieved 21 October 2016. [MANUAL TRANS.] The ban prevents statistics on ethnicity to give a precise figure of French Roma, but we often quote the number 350,000. For travellers, the administration counted 160,000 circulation titles in 2006 issued to people aged 16 to 80 years. Among the travellers, some have chosen to buy a family plot where they dock their caravans around a local section (authorized since the Besson Act of 1990).
↑ Население по местоживеене, възраст и етническа група [Population by place of residence, age and ethnic group]. Bulgarian National Statistical Institute (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 22 June 2015. Self declared
↑ "Roma Integration – 2014 Commission Assessment: Questions and Answers" (Press release). Brussels: European Commission. 4 April 2014. Retrieved 28 April 2016. EU and Council of Europe estimates
↑ Vukovich, Gabriella (2018). Mikrocenzus 2016 - 12. Nemzetiségi adatok [2016 microcensus - 12. Ethnic data](PDF). Hungarian Central Statistical Office (in Hungarian). Budapest. ISBN 978-963-235-542-9 . Retrieved 9 January 2019.
↑ János, Pénzes; Zoltán, István; Patrik, Tátrai. "Changes in the Spatial Distribution of the Roma Population in Hungary During the Last Decades" (PDF). Területi Statisztika. doi:10.15196/TS580101 (inactive 15 March 2019).
1 2 Marsh, Hazel. "The Roma Gypsies of Colombia". latinolife.co.uk. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
↑ "Roma integration in the United Kingdom". European Commission – European Commission.
↑ "RME", Ethnologue
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↑ "Serbia: Country Profile 2011–2012" (PDF). European Roma Rights Centre. p. 7. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
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↑ Всеукраїнський перепис населення '2001: Розподіл населення за національністю та рідною мовою [Ukrainian Census, 2001: Distribution of population by nationality and mother tongue] (in Ukrainian). UA: State Statistics Service of Ukraine. 2003. Retrieved 15 September 2017.
1 2 Roma /Gypsies: A European Minority, Minority Rights Group International
↑ http://medienservicestelle.at/migration_bewegt/2012/04/05/etwa-40-000-roma-und-sinti-leben-in-osterreich/
↑ Kenrick, Donald (5 July 2007). Historical Dictionary of the Gypsies (Romanies) (2nd ed.). Scarecrow Press. p. 142. ISBN 978-0-8108-6440-5.
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↑ "Roma in Canada fact sheet" (PDF). home.cogeco.ca. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 June 2007.
↑ Statistics Canada. "2011 National Household Survey: Data tables" . Retrieved 11 February 2014.
↑ "Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in Montenegro 2011" (PDF). 12 July 2011. Retrieved 13 July 2011.
1 2 3 Gall, Timothy L, ed. (1998), Worldmark Encyclopedia of Culture & Daily Life, 4. Europe, Cleveland, OH: Eastword, pp. 316, 318, 'Religion: An underlay of Hinduism with an overlay of either Christianity or Islam (host country religion)'; Roma religious beliefs are rooted in Hinduism. Roma believe in a universal balance, called kuntari... Despite a 1,000-year separation from India, Roma still practice 'shaktism', the worship of a god through his female consort...
↑ Hancock 2002, p. xx: 'While a nine century removal from India has diluted Indian biological connection to the extent that for some Romanian groups, it may be hardly representative today, Sarren (1976:72) concluded that we still remain together, genetically, Asian rather than European'
1 2 K. Meira Goldberg; Ninotchka Devorah Bennahum; Michelle Heffner Hayes (2015). Flamenco on the Global Stage: Historical, Critical and Theoretical Perspectives. McFarland. p. 50. ISBN 978-0-7864-9470-5 . Retrieved 8 December 2015.
1 2 Simon Broughton; Mark Ellingham; Richard Trillo (1999). World Music: Africa, Europe and the Middle East. Rough Guides. p. 147. ISBN 978-1-85828-635-8 . Retrieved 8 December 2015.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Sindya N. Bhanoo (11 December 2012). "Genomic Study Traces Roma to Northern India". New York Times.
1 2 Kalaydjieva, Luba; Calafell, Francesc; Jobling, Mark A; Angelicheva, Dora; de Knijff, Peter; Rosser, Zoe H; Hurles, Matthew; Underhill, Peter; Tournev, Ivailo; Marushiakova, Elena; Popov, Vesselin (2011), "Patterns of inter- and intra-group genetic diversity in the Vlax Roma as revealed by Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA lineages" (PDF), European Journal of Human Genetics, 9 (2): 97–104, doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200597, PMID 11313742, archived from the original (PDF) on 9 December 2014
1 2 Kenrick, Donald (5 July 2007). Historical Dictionary of the Gypsies (Romanies) (2nd ed.). Scarecrow Press. p. xxxvii. ISBN 978-0-8108-6440-5. The Gypsies, or Romanies, are an ethnic group that arrived in Europe around the 14th century. Scholars argue about when and how they left India, but it is generally accepted that they did emigrate from northern India some time between the 6th and 11th centuries, then crossed the Middle East and came into Europe.
1 2 "What is Domari?". University of Manchester. Romani Linguistics and Romani Language Projects. Retrieved 23 July 2008.
↑ Randall, Kay. "What's in a Name? Professor take on roles of Romani activist and spokesperson to improve plight of their ethnic group". Archived from the original on 5 February 2005. Retrieved 30 January 2013.
1 2 "The Gypsy Lore Society" (Journal).
↑ "60 Vintage Photos From Forgotten Moments In History: A young Romani couple from the 1890s". History Daily. 3 April 2019.
↑ Corrêa Teixeira, Rodrigo. "A história dos ciganos no Brasil" (PDF). Dhnet.org.br. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 2011. Retrieved 9 November 2017.
↑ Sutherland 1986.
↑ "Romas are India's children: Sushma Swaraj". India.com. 12 February 2016. Retrieved 3 September 2017.
↑ "Can Romas be part of Indian diaspora?". khaleejtimes.com. 29 February 2016. Retrieved 4 March 2016.
↑ Matras 2002, p. 239.
↑ "Romani" (PDF). Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics. Oxford: Elsevier. p. 1. Retrieved 30 August 2009. In some regions of Europe, especially the western margins (Britain, the Iberian peninsula), Romani-speaking communities have given up their language in favor of the majority language, but have retained Romani-derived vocabulary as an in-group code. Such codes, for instance Angloromani (Britain), Caló (Spain), or Rommani (Scandinavia) are usually referred to as Para-Romani varieties.
↑ Harper, Douglas (November 2001). "Bohemian etymology". Online Etymology Dictionary . Retrieved 27 December 2008.
↑ Bohemian in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language , Fifth Edition. Houghton Mifflin Company.
1 2 3 Oskar Schade (1882), "zigeiner", Altdeutsches Wörterbuch, 2 (2nd ed.), pp. 1257b–1258b
↑ Franz Miklosich (1865), "ациганинъ", Lexicon palaeoslovenico-graeco-latinum, Braumüller, p. 9b
↑ Henry Liddell; Robert Scott, eds. (1897), "θιγγάνω", A Greek–English Lexicon (8th ed.), Harper & Brothers, p. 678a
↑ "Zíngaro". Diccionario de la Lengua Española. Real Academia de la Lengua. Retrieved 20 January 2017.
↑ Cherata, Lucian. "ETIMOLOGIA CUVINTELOR "ȚIGAN" sI "(R)ROM"". Scritube. Retrieved 17 February 2017.
1 2 3 "Roma, Sinti, Gypsies, Travellers...The Correct Terminology about Roma", In Other Words project, Web Observatory & Review for Discrimination alerts & Stereotypes deconstruction
↑ Hancock 2002, p. xix.
1 2 Hancock 2002, p. xxi.
↑ Marushiakova, Elena; Popov, Vesselin (2001), "Historical and ethnographic background; gypsies, Roma, Sinti", in Guy, Will (ed.), Between Past and Future: The Roma of Central and Eastern Europe [with a Foreword by Dr. Ian Hancock], UK: University of Hertfordshire Press, p. 52
↑ Klimova-Alexander, Illona (2005), The Romani Voice in World Politics: The United Nations and Non-State Actors, Burlington, VT: Ashgate, p. 13
↑ Rothéa, Xavier. "Les Roms, une nation sans territoire?". Theyliewedie.org (in French). Retrieved 31 July 2008.
1 2 Garner, Bryan A (2011). Dictionary of Legal Usage. Oxford University Press. pp. 400–. ISBN 978-0-19-538420-8.
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↑ Hancock 2002, p. xx.
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Hübshmanová 2003.
↑ Horvátová, Jana (2002). Kapitoly z dějin Romů (PDF) (in Czech). Praha: Lidové noviny. p. 12. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 March 2005. Mnohočetnost romských skupin je patrně pozůstatkem diferenciace Romů do původních indických kast a podkast. [The multitude of Roma groups is apparently a relic of Roma differentiation to Indian castes and subcastes.]
↑ Glosbe 2013, Dictionary/Romany-English Dictionary/kalo (23 September 2016)
↑ N. Rai et al., 2012, "The Phylogeography of Y-Chromosome Haplogroup H1a1a-M82 Reveals the Likely Indian Origin of the European Romani Populations" (23 September 2016)
↑ Isabel Fonseca, Bury Me Standing: The Gypsies and their Journey, Random House, p. 100.
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↑ Ian Hancock (2010). Danger! Educated Gypsy: Selected Essays. Univ of Hertfordshire Press. pp. 130–. ISBN 978-1-907396-30-4.
1 2 3 4 Jurová, Anna (2003). Vaščka, Michal; Jurásková, Martina; Nicholson, Tom (eds.). "From Leaving The Homeland to the First Assimilation Measures" (PDF). Čačipen Pal O Roma – A Global Report on Roma in Slovakia. Slovakia: 17. Retrieved 7 September 2013. the Sinti lived in German territory, the Manusha in France, the Romanitsel in England, the Kale in Spain and Portugal, and the Kaale in Finland.
↑ The Welsh language alphabet lacks the letter "k".
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↑ Crowe, David (1995). A History of the Gypsies of Eastern Europe and Russia. New York, N.Y.: St. Martin's Griffin. p. 123. ISBN 978-1-349-60671-9.
↑ Dicționarul etimologic român (in Romanian) , quoted in DEX-online (see lemma rudár, rudári, s.m. followed by both definitions: gold-miner & wood crafter)
↑ Sztaki, HU
↑ Dex online, RO
↑ "Vlax Romani: Churari (Speech variety #16036)". Global recordings. Retrieved 10 December 2013.
↑ Boyle, Paul; Halfacree, Keith H.; Robinson, Vaughan (2014), Exploring Contemporary Migration, ISBN 978-1-317-89086-7
↑ Jurová, Anna (2003). Vaščka, Michal; Jurásková, Martina; Nicholson, Tom (eds.). "From Leaving The Homeland to the First Assimilation Measures" (PDF). Čačipen Pal O Roma – A Global Report on Roma in Slovakia. Slovak Republic: 17. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 7 September 2013. The word "manush" is also included in all dialects of Romany. It means man, while "Manusha" equals people. This word has the same form and meaning in Sanskrit as well, and is almost identical in other Indian languages.
↑ Gypsy Studies – Cigány Tanulmányok (PDF), HU: Forraykatalin
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↑ "Today, estimates put the number of Roma in the U.S. at about one million."
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↑ Matras 2002, p. 5.
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↑ Hübschmannová, Milena (1995). "Romaňi čhib – romština: Několik základních informací o romském jazyku". Bulletin Muzea Romské Kultury. Brno (4/1995). Zatímco romská lexika je bližší hindštině, marvárštině, pandžábštině atd., v gramatické sféře nacházíme mnoho shod s východoindickým jazykem, s bengálštinou.
↑ "On romani origins and identity". Radoc. Archived from the original on 17 July 2011. Retrieved 23 July 2008.
1 2 "Romani" (PDF). Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics. Oxford: Elsevier. Retrieved 30 August 2009.
↑ after Ian Hancock, On Romani Origins and Identity, RADOC (2007)
↑ "5 Intriguing Facts About the Roma". Live Science.
↑ N Rai; G Chaubey; R Tamang; A K Pathak; V K Singh; et al. (2012), "The Phylogeography of Y-Chromosome Haplogroup H1a1a-M82 Reveals the Likely Indian Origin of the European Romani Populations", PLoS ONE, 7 (11): e48477, Bibcode:2012PLoSO...748477R, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0048477, PMC 3509117 , PMID 23209554
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Behind Enemy Lines - The Autobiography of Britain's Most Decorated Living War Hero
With three Military Crosses, three Croix de guerre, a Légion d’honneur and a papal knighthood for his heroics during the Second World War, Sir Tommy Macpherson is the most decorated living soldier of the British Army.
Yet for 65 years the Highlander’s story has remained untold. Few know how, aged 21, he persuaded 23,000 SS soldiers of the feared Das Reich tank column to surrender, or how Tommy almost single-handedly stopped Tito’s Yugoslavia annexing the whole of north-east Italy.
Still a schoolboy when war broke out, Tommy quickly matured into a legendary commando. Twice captured, he escaped both times, marching through hundreds of miles of German-held territory to get home.
With a dizzyingly diverse cast of characters, including Winston Churchill, Field Marshal Montgomery and Charles de Gaulle, Behind Enemy Lines is an astonishing story of how an ordinary boy came to achieve truly extraordinary feats when war came calling.
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Algerians approve amnesty
Algerian voters have overwhelmingly approved a partial amnesty for hundreds of Muslim fighters intended to end more than a decade of civil war, Interior Minister Noureddine Zerhouni said.
Bouteflika has staked his political prestige on the referendum
He told a news conference on Friday that "97.43% voted 'yes'", adding that almost 80% of the country's 18.3 million eligible voters took part.
The referendum on Thursday was on whether to approve a "charter for peace and national reconciliation".
The long conflict isolated Algeria amid atrocities by insurgents and allegations of crimes by security forces.
Algerians turned out en masse to vote on the peace charter presented by President Abdelaziz Bouteflika as the only hope of ending a conflict that has left 150,000 dead.
Zerhouni said the referendum's approval will result in many of those jailed for the killings being freed.
"This strong turnout bears witness to the will of the Algerian people to resolve once and for all the crisis in Algeria," Zerhouni said on public television.
Partial amnesty
Bouteflika launched a "civil reconciliation" initiative at the start of his first five-year term in 1999, leading to a partial amnesty for thousands of Muslim fighters who laid down their arms.
The programme was endorsed overwhelmingly in a referendum, and Bouteflika was re-elected in 2004 largely because the peace initiative helped quell the fighting that erupted after the army cancelled an election in 1992 which Islamist politicians were poised to win.
Critics say the vote is an attempt
whitewash crimes of the past
The violence has eased considerably in recent years, but some 50 people have been killed in September during referendum campaigning.
The government estimates there are about 1000 armed extremists, whose aim is to install an Islamic state, still at large in Algeria.
Most of the fighters are believed to be from The Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat (GSPC).
The United States said it would respect the results of the referendum, but added that it would have preferred to see a broader public consultation on reconciliation.
"While, in our view, it would have been important to have a full public airing of views on the vital issues of reconciliation, we will respect the decision of the Algerian people as it is reflected in the balloting on this referendum," State Department spokesman Sean McCormack said.
Kabylie unrest
The voting did not go off without incident, correspondents contacted by AFP said, with youths destroying ballot boxes in the troubled Kabylie region in northeastern Algeria, where turnout was lowest.
Turnout in the region's capital Tizi Ouzou stood at just 11.40%.
Bouteflika says insurgency has
caused $35 billion in damage
A smiling Bouteflika voted mid-morning on Thursday in a booth in Algiers, as did Prime Minister Ahmed Ouyahia, who called the referendum "a turning point, without any doubt, which is fundamental in moving out of the crisis that this country has experienced".
The new charter will end legal proceedings against detained, exiled or fugitive Muslim fighters who have already halted their armed activity.
Only "those involved in mass massacres, rapes and bomb attacks in public places" will be excluded from the amnesty.
Opposition and human-rights groups, however, urged voters to reject the charter saying it merely sweeps years of suffering under the carpet and gives the president new powers.
Denial of truth
Amnesty International, the London-based rights group, said the charter absolved the military of their part in human rights abuses and would prevent other crimes from being probed.
"Such provisions are inconsistent with Algerias obligations under international law and may be a final denial of truth and justice to hundreds of thousands of victims and their families," it said in a statement.
The result of the referendum will
decide many detainees' fate
Algeria's opposition Socialist Forces Front (FFS) says it "cannot endorse a text that glorifies force and deprecates political mediation, consecrates impunity and amnesty, and in the end negotiates away pain and suffering".
The independent Algerian League for the Defence of Human Rights (LADDH) described the referendum as "scandalous and absurd", claiming "nobody has a right to vote no".
"We are not against peace and reconciliation, but we do oppose this charter since we don't think it will bring peace," LADDH President Abdennour Ali-Yahia said.
"The head of state will be able to rule by decree and curtail all liberties by claiming that this charter is a people's mandate."
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Chechnya: Four Russian soldiers killed
Four Russian soldiers and two Chechen policemen have been killed in the latest fighting in Chechnya, an official from the Moscow-backed government says.
Thousands of Russian troops have been killed in Chechnya
One soldier died and seven were wounded when they came under fire from separatist fighters in 14 attacks across the Caucasus republic on Saturday.
Two soldiers died and two were wounded when their vehicle hit a mine near Gudermes in eastern Chechnya, while another soldier was killed and two wounded as they were clearing mines in the southern Shali region.
The two policemen were killed and three wounded in an operation at Terskoy in the northeast, said the official, who spoke on condition of anonymity.
About 80,000 Russian soldiers are stationed in Chechnya fighting an armed rebellion nearly six years after the start of the latest war in the republic, sustaining almost daily casualties.
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The US and Karzai's little brother
US should embrace Kandahar "strongman" Ahmed Wali Karzai, says Robert Grenier.
by Robert Grenier
The US may soon have to rely on local leaders to fight an insurgency against the Taliban [AFP]
It would seem that the Americans just do not know what to do about Ahmed Wali Karzai.
The younger half-brother of Hamid Karzai, the Afghan president, is the head of the provincial council of Kandahar province, and the unrivalled power-broker of what the Taliban used to call the "southern zone" of Afghanistan.
A legitimate tribal leader of the powerful Durrani Popalzai in his own right, Ahmed Wali has pervasive contacts and influence throughout the tribally dominated society of his region.
He is staunchly loyal to his older brother, and certainly no friend of the Taliban or, still less, of al-Qaeda.
Karzai's brother dismisses criticism
As one of the few people who can actually get things done in greater Kandahar, Afghanistan's second-largest city, the traditional base of the Taliban and the scene of a looming US-led military push which some believe could determine the outcome of the current counter-insurgency struggle, one would think that the US government would be reinforcing its relationship with Ahmed Wali Karzai - particularly when Afghan-led local governance is seen as key to victory over the Taliban.
Indeed, some in the US government do support him - or at least manage to deal effectively with him.
To many of these mostly civilian officials, Ahmed Wali is an important partner capable of providing local means and assistance to help them realise their projects, even if he may profit personally in the bargain.
But the US relationship with the southern Pashtun strongman is far from simple, and often far from supportive.
Symbol of corruption
Ahmed Wali is loyal to his older sibling [AFP]
The US military, in particular, sees Ahmed Wali as a symbol of all that they are trying to overcome in their efforts to build effective governance as a bulwark against Taliban influence.
To them, the younger Karzai is essentially a warlord, able to parlay his influence over the centres of power in Kabul to control the appointment of local officials, to allocate - or confiscate - land, and to profit through facilitation of, if not direct involvement in, the opium trade.
US military officers have tried to make the case to their superiors - and ultimately to President Karzai himself - that Ahmed Wali represents to the majority of Afghans the self-serving, corrupt and ineffective governance which undermines support for the Kabul government and thus reinforces the appeal of the Taliban.
Both Ahmed Wali's supporters and detractors may be right.
The pervasive power and influence which makes the provincial council head such an effective partner in a tactical sense may make him a strategic liability for the regime as it attempts, with massive foreign assistance, to extend its influence in the Pashtun-controlled areas which are the natural constituency of the Taliban.
The great irony in this is that if President Karzai's junior sibling stands justly accused of pervasive abuses of power, it is the very systems championed by the Americans - and particularly by the US military - which have enabled him.
A US creation
By concentrating political and economic power in Kabul in an attempt to build up the central institutions of a strong and coherent state, the Americans have made it possible for those with privileged relations at the seat of power - such as the president's little brother - to leverage this influence to suit their own ends.
If not for US policy, the creation of an Ahmed Wali Karzai in the south would have been far more difficult.
Now, confronted with a local strongman largely of their own inadvertent making, the Americans would be far better advised to embrace him and to try to positively influence him, than to attempt to marginalise him.
In fact, however, the US military is tending toward the latter course.
Their hope is that the younger Karzai will step aside and cede greater influence to the current governor of Kandahar, a US favourite by the name of Tooryalai Wesa.
Governor Tooryalai is, by all accounts, an estimable fellow.
However, he lacks the important attributes that Ahmed Wali Karzai has in abundance: An independent local power base, established patronage networks and legitimate tribal authority.
Instead, the current American favourite is entirely dependent on the support of his foreign patrons - perhaps a fatal liability in a country and a region so naturally suspicious of foreign motives and so resistant to perceived foreign domination.
Importing local governance
More from Robert Grenier:
'Condemned to civil war'
Non-proliferation regime 'bankrupt'
Ominous signs for US-Pakistan ties
Why Karzai cannot choose his family
Remembering Operation Eagle Claw
US leadership in non-proliferation
Follow the chain of command
Talking to the enemy
Striking at Afghanistan corruption
Pakistan needs friendly Afghanistan
Political umbrage in Washington?
Iraq 'condemned' to democracy
Israel's cost-benefit calculation
Making room for the Taliban
Interview on America's battles abroad
While the Americans have worked hard to build up a centralised state, the key to success in their counter-insurgency efforts is effective and legitimate local governance.
The challenge is to find those with legitimate, independent power bases in areas subject to Taliban threat, who will willingly marshal local support against Taliban encroachment with assistance from the US and its allies, and who can thus be supported and empowered.
The alternative approach taken by the Americans has been, where possible, to attempt to import local governance from outside the immediate region.
As in their thus far unfortunate experience in Marja, however, the US is most unlikely to succeed in importing "government in a box," in US General Stanley McChrystal's infelicitous phrase, and certainly not within the short time window the US government has imposed on itself.
Although support to "warlords" may be sub-optimal, and may make the US vulnerable to criticism, there is little effective alternative to such an approach.
Given the apparent intention of the Americans to begin drawing down in Afghanistan from the summer of 2011, it is becoming increasingly likely that the comprehensive counter-insurgency effort in the Pashtun-dominated regions of the south and east will not succeed.
The US, therefore, could quickly find itself in a situation where it will have to rely on "local strongmen" to pursue not a counter-insurgency, but an insurgency strategy against Taliban domination in substantial areas of Afghanistan.
In other words, as an alternative to the potential creation of a Taliban-dominated 'state within a state,' the goal of the US may be to ensure that any haven, rather than being "uncontested," will instead be consistently "contested" by US, NATO, and allied Afghan forces.
In such a scenario, the presence of an Ahmed Wali Karzai, if in fact he can persevere, will be most welcome to the Americans.
If they are wise, the Americans will prepare now for just such an eventuality.
Robert Grenier was the CIA's chief of station in Islamabad, Pakistan, from 1999 to 2002. He was also the director of the CIA's counter-terrorism centre.
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Home Resources Timeline First Amendment – Freedom of Religion
First Amendment – Freedom of Religion
The First Amendment’s free exercise clause allows a person to hold whatever religious beliefs he or she wants, and to exercise that belief by attending religious services, praying in public or in private, proselytizing or wearing religious clothing, such as yarmulkes or headscarves. Also included in the free exercise clause is the right not to believe in any religion, and the right not to participate in religious activities. Second, the establishment clause prevents the government from creating a church, endorsing religion in general, or favoring one set of religious beliefs over another.
1791First Amendment Is Ratified
The First Amendment is ratified when Virginia becomes the 11th state to approve the first 10 amendments to the Constitution, known as the Bill of Rights. The amendment, drafted primarily by James Madison, guarantees basic freedoms for citizens: freedom of speech, press, religion, assembly and petition.
1802Jefferson Writes Of Church-State Separation
In a letter to the Danbury Baptist Association, President Thomas Jefferson writes that the First Amendment has built “a wall of separation between Church and State” to counter church fears that the U.S. government would establish a state religion.
1875Church-State Amendment Proposed
Rep. James Blaine (R., Maine) proposes an amendment to the Constitution that builds upon the First Amendment and explicitly forbids the use of public funds to support religious activities, including parochial schools. Although the amendment fails in Congress, legislation will later pass requiring states to amend their constitutions to include some version of the Blaine Amendment as a condition of statehood. Other states voluntarily add similar amendments to their constitutions.
1879Court Says Religious Conduct May Be Restricted
In Reynolds v. United States , the U.S. Supreme Court upholds a Utah law outlawing polygamy. The court rules that the First Amendment allows some regulation of religious practices, such as polygamy. In making this ruling, the court distinguishes between religious belief, which may not be restricted, and religious conduct, which may be.
1925Court: Parents Can Choose Children’s School
In Pierce v. Society of Sisters , a unanimous U.S. Supreme Court invalidates an Oregon law that requires parents to send their children to public schools. The Court rules that parents have the constitutional right, under the due process clause of the 14th Amendment, to direct their children’s educational as well as moral development, which includes sending their children to a school of their choice – even a private religious one.
1930Public Funds May Benefit Children At Private Schools
In Cochran v. Louisiana State Board of Education , the U.S. Supreme Court upholds a Louisiana law permitting state funds to be used by both public and private schools, including religious schools, to buy books. The Court finds that because it is the schoolchildren, and not the schools, who benefit from the law, the law does not establish religion and is constitutional.
1940Ban On Religious Solicitation Struck Down
In Cantwell v. Connecticut , the U.S. Supreme Court holds that two Jehovah Witnesses’ rights of free speech and free exercise of religion were violated when they were arrested for proselytizing in a Catholic neighborhood. The Court says the solicitation law, which allows a state official to refuse a permit based on religious grounds, is unconstitutional. The Court also overturns a breach of peace conviction, saying the pair’s message was protected religious speech. The case is the first to extend the free exercise of religion clause to the states and to establish the ‘time, manner and place’ rule, which says the state can regulate the free exercise right to ensure it is practiced in a reasonable time, manner and place.
1940Flag Salute Requirement Is Upheld
In Minersville School District v. Gobitis , the U.S. Supreme Court upholds a Pennsylvania flag-salute law after a challenge by a Jehovah’s Witness family whose two children were expelled for refusing to salute the flag. They believe the salute is forbidden by biblical commands. The Court says the flag is a symbol of national unity, which is the “basis of national security.”
1947State May Cover Transportation To Parochial Schools
In Everson v. Board of Education , the U.S. Supreme Court upholds a state law that reimburses parents for the transportation costs of sending their children to private schools, including parochial schools. As in Cochran v. Louisiana State Board of Education , the Court rules that the law does not violate the establishment clause of the First Amendment because students and parents benefit, not the schools or the religious institutions.
1948No Religious Instruction In Public Schools Allowed
In Illinois, the Champaign Council on Religious Education, composed of Jewish, Catholic and Protestant groups, offers voluntary religious instruction to students in local public schools. The U.S. Supreme Court rules in McCollum v. Board of Education District that such use of school buildings is unconstitutional because it is “a utilization of the tax-established and tax-supported public school system to aid religious groups and to spread the faith,” and therefore violated the establishment of religion clause of the First Amendment.
1952Public Schools May Accommodate Religious Instruction
In Zorach v. Clauson , the U.S. Supreme Court holds that permitting public school students to leave campus during the day for privately taught religious instruction does not violate the establishment clause. Such “release time” programs do not endorse religion, they accommodate it, and thus strike the proper balance between the free exercise clause and the establishment clause, the Court finds. The Court distinguishes between the policy struck down in McCollum v. Board of Education in which school space was used, and this case, in which schools merely adjust their schedules.
1962Prayer Not Allowed In Public Schools
New York State’s Board of Regents drafted a nondenominational prayer for students to recite voluntarily at the beginning of each school day: “Almighty God, we acknowledge our dependence upon Thee, and beg Thy blessings upon us, our teachers, and our country.”
Ruling in Engel v. Vitale , the U.S. Supreme Court rejects the notion that the prayer’s lack of reference to any specific religion exempts it from the First Amendment’s prohibition against establishing a religion. Any state-sanctioned prayer, the Court argues, is an unconstitutional recognition of religion.
1963Prayer Rejected; Secular Study of Religion Allowed
In Abington School District v. Schempp , the U.S. Supreme Court rules that a Pennsylvania law violates the establishment clause of the First Amendment by requiring schoolchildren to begin the day by reciting the Lord’s Prayer. The Court rules that even though children may be exempt from recitation at a parent’s request, the public school nevertheless has endorsed religion. The Court notes, however, that the prohibition on prayer is not a ban on secular instruction in religion, an area of study that can enhance a student’s education.
1963Worker May Keep Sabbath And Jobless Benefits
In Sherbert v. Verner , the U.S. Supreme Court rules that it is a violation of the free exercise clause to deny unemployment benefits to a Seventh-day Adventist who was fired for refusing to work on Saturday, her Sabbath, and then rejected the offer of a new job that would have required the same. By making the employee choose between unemployment benefits and observing her faith, the Court finds that the state infringed upon the employee’s free exercise of religion.
1968State May Not Prohibit Lessons In Evolution
In Epperson v. Arkansas , the U.S. Supreme Court strikes down a state law that forbids public school teachers from presenting lessons on evolution. The Court rules that the law results from the beliefs of fundamentalist Christians, who see evolutionary theories as contradictory to the biblical account of creation. The use of state power to ban the teaching of material objectionable to a particular sect amounts to an unconstitutional establishment of religion, the Court holds.
1970Houses Of Worship May Be Tax-Exempt
In Walz v. Tax Commission of the City of New York , the U.S. Supreme Court holds that New York City does not violate the establishment clause by exempting houses of worship from property taxes. The benefit to churches is the same as that received by nonprofit organizations and quasi-public corporations, including hospitals, libraries, and historical and patriotic groups, the Court says. The exemption policy recognizes such groups as “beneficial and stabilizing influences in community life,” the Court says.
1971State May Not Aid Non-Public Schools
In Lemon v. Kurtzman , the U.S. Supreme Court invalidates Pennsylvania and Rhode Island laws that provide financial assistance to private and parochial schools. Pennsylvania reimburses schools for teacher salaries, textbooks and other instructional material in secular subjects. Rhode Island supplements teacher salaries. The Court outlines what will be known as the “Lemon test” to determine violation of the establishment clause, asking: Is the law’s purpose nonsecular? Does it have the primary effect of promoting a set of religious beliefs? Does it have “excessive government entanglement” with religion?
1972Compulsory School Attendance Law Overturned
In Wisconsin v. Yoder , the U.S. Supreme Court rules that a state law requiring students to attend school until age 16 violates the free exercise clause of the First Amendment. In a challenge by three Amish families whose faith led them to withdraw their children from school after the eighth grade, the Court finds that the state interest in universal education is secondary to the Amish interest in raising children in the manner dictated by their religion.
1973Aid To Non-Public Schools, Students Not Allowed
In Committee for Public Education v. Nyquist , the U.S. Supreme Court invalidates a New York law that gives facility-maintenance grants to non-public schools with a high concentration of low-income students, as well as tuition reimbursement and tax credits to low-income students at such schools. The Court finds that the law has the “primary effect” of promoting religion, and that it entangles government and religion by helping religious schools stay in business and encouraging parents to send their children to them.
1980Posting Of Ten Commandments Unconstitutional
In Stone v. Graham , the U.S. Supreme Court strikes down a Kentucky law requiring that the Ten Commandments be posted in every public school classroom. The Court finds that the law fails the first part of the test established in Lemon v. Kurtzman , violating the establishment clause. The requirement has “no secular legislative purpose” and is “plainly religious in nature,” the decision says.
1983States Can Give Tax Credits For Education Expenses, Including Religious Schools
In Mueller v. Allen , the U.S. Supreme Court upholds a Minnesota law that offers a tax credit to families for their children’s education expenses, including tuition, textbooks and transportation. Since many of the families were taking the tax credit for expenses related to religious education, advocates challenged the law as a violation of the First Amendment’s mandate to separate church and state. The Court says that because the credit is made available to any family for educational expenses and not specifically targeted to those families sending their children to private, religious schools, there is no constitutional violation.
1983Legislative Sessions May Open With Prayer
In Marsh v. Chambers , the U.S. Supreme Court rules that it is not an establishment of religion for the Nebraska Legislature to open its sessions with a prayer by a chaplain who is paid from public funds. Because the practice of offering such prayers can be traced to the Continental Congress and to the First Congress, which framed the Bill of Rights, the Court finds that the purpose of the prayer is not to promote religion but to communicate certain shared values.
1984City’s Nativity Scene Is Constitutional
In Lynch v. Donnelly , the U.S. Supreme Court rules that a city’s Christmas display, which includes a nativity scene, does not violate the establishment clause because it also features non-religious decorations, such as a Santa Claus house. The Court concludes that the purpose of the display in Pawtucket, R.I., is secular, to celebrate the holiday generally and to depict its historical roots. The symbols pose no danger of establishing a state church, the Court finds.
1984Congress Passes Equal Access Act
Congress passes the Equal Access Act to end “perceived widespread discrimination” against religion in public schools. The law has three basic requirements: nondiscrimination against religious student groups (i.e., those groups must be treated just like any other student group); protection of student-initiated meetings (i.e., those that are started and led by students, not by the school or teachers); and local control (i.e., local school administrators are free to determine the appropriate discipline when students express religious beliefs at school).
1985‘Moment Of Silence’ Law Ruled Unconstitutional
In Wallace v. Jaffree , the U.S. Supreme Court strikes down an Alabama statute that provides for a “moment of silence” for “meditation or voluntary prayer” in public schools. The Court rules that a neutral moment of silence could be constitutional, but that by including “voluntary prayer,” the law reveals a religious purpose, making it an unconstitutional establishment of religion.
1985Court: No Federal Funds For Parochial School’s Special Needs Students
In Aguilar v. Felton , the U.S. Supreme Court finds that a New York City program that uses federal funds to pay the salaries of public school teachers who teach low-income parochial school students with special needs violates the establishment clause. Although the program is not intended to promote religion, the Court finds that it results in the “excessive entanglement” of church and state and, therefore, is unconstitutional.
1987‘Creation Science’ Requirement Struck Down
In Edwards v. Aguillard , the U.S. Supreme Court strikes down a Louisiana law requiring that “creation science” be taught whenever evolution theory is taught and vice versa. The Court rules that the purpose of the law is religious, not secular: “The Louisiana Creationism Act advances a religious doctrine by requiring either the banishment of the theory of evolution from public school classrooms or the presentation of a religious viewpoint that rejects evolution in its entirety.”
1988Federal Grants May Aid Religious Groups For Secular Purpose
In Bowen v. Kendrick , the U.S. Supreme Court rules that federal grants may benefit religious groups as part of the Adolescent Family Life Act. The act’s purpose – to discourage premarital sex among teenagers – is a secular one. Furthermore, the act requires that potential recipients reveal the services they intend to provide and how they would provide them. That requirement enables the government to protect against the misuse of grants. Such oversight, however, does not create an “excessive entanglement” of church and state, the Court concludes.
1989Court Distinguishes Between Holiday Displays
In County of Allegheny v. American Civil Liberties Union, Greater Pittsburgh Chapter , the U.S. Supreme Court rules on a nativity scene inside the courthouse and a menorah display outside a public building. The Court holds that the nativity scene is a county endorsement of Christian orthodoxy and is therefore an unconstitutional establishment of religion. The menorah display, however, includes a Christmas tree and a sign saluting liberty. Thus, it does not endorse a faith but merely recognizes that Christmas and Hanukkah are part of the winter holiday season. The Court says the display is constitutional.
1990Free Exercise Clause Protects Beliefs, Not Conduct
In Employment Division, Oregon Department of Human Resources v. Smith , the U.S. Supreme Court rules against two American Indians fired from their jobs at a private drug rehabilitation organization because they used the illegal hallucinogenic drug peyote in religious rituals. The State of Oregon denied their unemployment claims because they were fired for work-related “misconduct.” The Court says that it has never held that an individual’s religious beliefs excuse him or her from compliance with an otherwise valid law prohibiting conduct the government is free to regulate.
1990Court Upholds Equal Access Act
In Westside Community Schools v. Mergens , the U.S. Supreme Court rules that the Equal Access Act is constitutional. The 1984 federal law bars a school from discriminating against any student group because its religious, philosophical or political viewpoint.
1992Prayers At Graduation Violate Establishment Clause
In Lee v. Weisman , the U.S. Supreme Court finds unconstitutional a school district practice of inviting clergy to lead prayers at school graduations. Because attendance at the graduation ceremony is compulsory and because the “government is endorsing or promoting religion,” the Court holds that the district policy in Providence, R.I., violates the establishment clause.
1993Deaf Parochial School Student Entitled To Interpreter
In Zobrest v. Catalina Foothills School District , the U.S. Supreme Court finds that a public school district may provide a sign-language interpreter to a deaf student at a parochial school in the district. The parents had sued, contending that the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act required the district to provide an interpreter and that the establishment clause did not ban such action. The court holds that because the benefit is a neutral one – in that it benefits the student, not the school or the religion – the policy does not violate the establishment clause.
1993Religious Freedom Restoration Act Passed
Congress passes the Religious Freedom Restoration Act in response to a 1990 U.S. Supreme Court decision, Employment Division v. Smith , that rejected a longstanding principle that the government had to show a “compelling state interest” to interfere with religious practices. Two American Indians were fired as drug rehabilitation counselors and denied jobless benefits because they had ingested peyote, an illegal hallucinogenic drug, as part of their religious ceremonies. Under the new act, the government must follow strict standards before it can restrict the free exercise of religion.
1995College Must Finance Christian Student Newspaper
In Rosenberger v. University of Virginia , the U.S. Supreme Court strikes down a university policy against financing a Christian student newspaper. The university argued that as a public institution, it could not support an activity that “primarily promotes or manifests a particular belief in or about a deity or an ultimate reality.” To do so, the school said, would violate the establishment clause. However, the Court finds that once a public university commits to financing some student groups with certain viewpoints, it must give other groups the same opportunity to be heard.
1995Guidelines Issued On Religious Expression In Schools
At the direction of President Bill Clinton, Education Secretary Richard Riley issues federal guidelines on religious expression in public schools. The rules are meant to clarify existing laws and principles.
1997Tutoring Ban On Public School Teachers Lifted
In Agostini v. Felton , the U.S. Supreme Court reviews the New York City policies put in place since the Aguilar v. Felton ruling and concludes that it is not “excessive entanglement” with religion for public school teachers to provide tutoring at parochial schools. Noting its recent decision in Zobrest v. Catalina Foothills School District , allowing for a publicly financed sign-language interpreter, the Court says there is no difference between an interpreter and a tutor. Entanglements between church and state do not necessarily have a positive or negative effect on religion, the Court finds.
1997Religious Freedom Restoration Act Is Voided
In Boerne v. Flores , the U.S. Supreme Court overturns the Religious Freedom Restoration Act. Congress passed the law in response to a 1990 U.S. Supreme Court ruling, Employment Division v. Smith , that abandoned the “compelling interest” principle in restricting religious practices. The law reinstated that principle, saying that government could not enforce laws that “substantially burden” religious observance without showing a “compelling interest” and without using the “least restrictive means available.” In Boerne, the Court asserts its judicial power and says Congress overstepped its authority.
1997Guidelines Issued On Religious Expression In Workplace
President Bill Clinton issues federal guidelines for religious expression in the workplace. Drawn up by a group of religious organizations, the rules address issues such as accommodating employees’ religious observances, discrimination, religious discussions and religious expression.
1998Decision Allowing Tuition Vouchers For Religious Education Stands
In 1993, the State of Wisconsin passed a school voucher law that offered low-income families up to $5,000 to attend any nonreligious school – public or private – in the city of Milwaukee. Over time, the program was expanded to include religious schools as well. That triggered a lawsuit in which, in 1998, the Wisconsin Supreme Court ruled the school-voucher plan did not violate the First Amendment’s church-state separation clause. The U.S. Supreme Court declined to review the case, allowing the Wisconsin Supreme Court ruling to stand.
1999Florida Is First To Pass Statewide Tuition Voucher Law
Florida Gov. Jeb Bush signs the first of several education measures that allow parents of students in “failing schools” to use state vouchers to pay for the education of their children in another school, if it has space. Students can choose a public, private, religious or nonreligious school.
Opponents challenge the plan as a violation of the constitutional concept of separation of church and state and provisions in the Florida Constitution that forbid public money from going to support any private school. In 2004, a midlevel state appellate court will decide that the plan violates the state constitution.
2000Prayers Before Football Games Unconstitutional
In Santa Fe Independent School District v. Doe , the U.S. Supreme Court rules that a Santa Fe school policy of permitting students to lead prayers before football games – and broadcasting them over the stadium’s public address system – violates the First Amendment’s establishment clause. Similar to the situation in Lee v. Weisman , in which a school district invited clergy to deliver prayers before graduation, the Santa Fe practice amounts to students delivering a religious message on behalf of school officials, the Court finds.
2002Use Of Vouchers For Religious Schools Upheld
In Zelman v. Simmons-Harris , the U.S. Supreme Court rules that religious schools may participate in a voucher program in Cleveland in which the state provides financial assistance to parents who wish to send their children to a private school. The Court rules that the voucher proposal does not violate the establishment clause in the First Amendment because it has a neutral purpose – greater school choice for low-income families – and the vouchers go to the students’ parents, not to the schools, preventing “excessive entanglement.”
2004State May Deny Financial Aid For Devotional Study
The U.S. Supreme Court, in Locke v. Davey , finds that Washington State may exclude theology students from receiving state-financed scholarships if they are pursuing a degree in devotional theology. Washington’s Constitution prohibits the financing of religious education, and a 1969 state code applies the prohibition to college financial aid. Joshua Davey filed suit, saying that the ban on financing religious instruction violated the free exercise clause of the First Amendment.
2005Court Divided On Ten Commandments Cases
In Van Orden v. Perry , the U.S. Supreme Court finds that a Ten Commandments monument on the grounds of the Texas state capitol does not violate the First Amendment’s establishment clause barring the government from passing laws “respecting an establishment of religion.” The Court refers to the nation’s tradition of recognizing the commandments’ historical meaning.
In McCreary County v. ACLU , copies of the Ten Commandments were displayed in the courthouses and schools of two Kentucky counties. The Court finds in this case that the displays violated the establishment clause because their purpose was to advance religion.
2014Contraceptives Mandate Rejected for Some Corporations
The Supreme Court rules, 5-4, that the Affordable Care Act violates a federal law protecting religious freedom by requiring family-owned corporations to pay for insurance coverage for contraception. The coverage was challenged by two corporations, Hobby Lobby and Conestoga Wood Specialties, whose owners said they try to run their businesses based on Christian principles.
Justice Samuel Alito, in the majority opinion in Burwell v. Hobby Lobby , stresses that the Court had decided only that the Religious Freedom Restoration Act applied to “closely held” for-profit corporations run on religious principles. The Court rejects the government’s argument that neither the owners nor the corporations could bring a religious-freedom claim. “Protecting the free-exercise rights of corporations like Hobby Lobby … protects the religious liberty of the humans who own and control those companies,” Alito writes. Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg’s dissenting opinion criticizes the ruling as a radical overhaul of corporate rights.
2015Court Strikes Down Ban On Inmates’ Beards
The U.S. Supreme Court unanimously rules that the state of Arkansas cannot bar a Muslim prisoner from growing a beard in accordance with his religion. In Holt v. Hobbs , the Court says the state prison regulations violated the religious liberty rights of the inmates. The prisoner, Gregory Holt, who had filed a handwritten petition to the Court, sought to grow a half-inch beard. The state said its policy addressed security concerns because inmates could hide weapons in their beards. The Court points out that more than 40 state prison systems and the federal system allow short beards and that it was difficult to take seriously the state’s security concern.
2019Denied Imam At His Side, Ala. Inmate Executed
A Muslim inmate, Domineque Ray, is executed in Alabama after the U.S. Supreme Court lifted a stay of execution granted by an appeals court. Ray had challenged the prison’s refusal to allow his imam to be with him in the execution chamber. Prison officials allow only their own Christian chaplain inside the execution chamber, saying it would be a security risk to let someone who wasn’t a state employee inside. The justices said Ray waited too long to contest the decision. The dissent said: “The clearest command of the Establishment Clause” is that “one religious denomination cannot be officially preferred over another.”
2019Execution Blocked When Spiritual Adviser Is Denied
The U.S. Supreme Court halts the execution of a Texas inmate, Patrick Murphy, because he was not allowed to have his Buddhist spiritual adviser in the execution chamber. In a concurring opinion, Justice Brett Kavanaugh wrote that the state’s policy of allowing only Christian and Muslim chaplains in the execution chamber amounted to unconstitutional religious discrimination. Inmates of other religious denominations may have the religious advisers present only in the viewing room under state policy.
2019Court Allows Memorial Cross To Stay On Public Land
In a separation of church and state case, the U.S. Supreme Court decides, 7-2, that a 40-foot World War I memorial cross can stay on public land at an intersection in Maryland. Justice Samuel Alito writes in the majority opinion in American Legion v. American Humanist Association, that the cross “has become a prominent community landmark” and that it has essentially become secular. The decision reverses a lower-court ruling that said the cross violated the First Amendment’s establishment clause, which prohibits the government from favoring one religion over others, because it is on public land and taxpayers’ money maintains it.
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Antiwar songs by June Tabor
MusicBrainz Discogs United Kingdom
Born in Warwick, educated at Oxford University, by profession first librarian, then restaurateur but always a singer of songs where words matter as much as music, June Tabor is renowned as an explorer of a song's soul and a performer of gripping commitment. Her recorded work over the last thirty years shows a diversity of inspirations. Highlights include the early simplicity of the largely traditional Airs and Graces (1976), more modern material in a minimalist setting on Abyssinians (1983) and Aqaba (1988), the richness and diversity of Angel Tiger (1992) and Aleyn (1997, recorded live), A Quiet Eye (1999) with the Creative Jazz Orchestra adding inspirational weight and colour, and Rosa Mundi (2001), a very personal celebration of the Rose. More lately An Echo of Hooves (2003), dedicated to the story-telling power of the traditional Ballad, was particularly well-received and brought June the 'Singer of the Year' award at the 2004 BBC Folk Awards. She was subsequently filmed in concert for BBC4 Sessions, produced by the same team that has presented her several times on BBC TV's 'Later with Jools Holland'. 2005 saw two stunning releases, both on Topic Records - the career-overview 4-CD boxed set Always, and a new mainstream album At the Wood's Heart (2005). Early 2006 heralded a promising new musical relationship with English saxophonist/composer Iain Ballamy in the trio Quercus (along with June's long-time accompanist, pianist Huw Warren). The year also brought her back together with the Renga Ensemble of the London Philharmonic Orchestra for a further performance of a song cycle 'Soldier, Sailor, Shepherd' derived from the work of the C20th collector/folklorist Ruth L. Tongue. Touring in 2006 brought Andy Cutting and Mark Emerson to the fore as an accompanying duo, leading to June's latest album Apples (March 2007) adding Tim Harries' double bass and creating a dynamic piece of work with a character new to June's recordings. It offers testament to a strength of purpose which continues to produce work of a standard acknowledged to be the highest in its field: June Tabor's journey in song continues.
"As I get older, Tabor says, I understand more the depths of sorrow and joy that made the song." (The Guardian)
Notable collaborations, in addition to that with the CJO, have been with Maddy Prior as Silly Sisters, with Oysterband on the roots-rock classic Freedom and Rain (1990), with harpist Savourna Stevenson and bassist Danny Thompson on Singing the Storm, and with various international artists over a long period for the Passchendaele peace concerts . The long-term musical partnerships, with guitarist Martin Simpson (first recorded on A Cut Above, 1980) , and subsequently with pianist Huw Warren, have each made a significant contribution to the development of a remarkable artist who continues to portray the world's glory and grief in exquisite and poignant style.
"June Tabor... is quite simply one of Britain's greatest interpreters of popular song. She is a performer with an extraordinary range and the ability to mix intensity, passion and drama with a chillingly lived in voice that makes every song sound like a personal experience" (The Guardian)
"She can stop time and draw tears from the stoniest heart. She sings with compassion, honesty, stoicism and a painfully acute sense of life's transitory hold". (Sam Saunders, 2006)
In live performance, expect to be enthralled by this dark-voiced storyteller whose broad repertoire sets the anonymous genius of folk poetry alongside work from both the celebrated and the unsung heroes of modern British writing; expect an interweaving of words and music that will create an atmosphere to haunt the memory.
"As a paragon of the virtues that folk music holds in its cultural armoury, June Tabor must surely rate as number one. Her repertoire has never been blinkered by a quest for authenticity: she has covered all territories from Weimar ballads via jazz to the most trad of trad English folk. And yet, the sense of scholarship that she brings to her work never lets you forget that you are listening to, perhaps, the greatest interpreter and curator of indigenous British music." (BBC)
http://www.brightfieldproductions.co.u...
June Tabor (born December 31, 1947 in Warwick, England) is an English folk singer.
June Tabor was inspired to sing by hearing Anne Briggs' EP Hazards of Love in 1965.
"I went and locked myself in the bathroom for a fortnight and drove my mother mad. I learned the songs on that EP note for note, twiddle for twiddle. That's how I started singing. If I hadn't heard her I'd have probably done something entirely different."
(The quotation is from liner notes on the album "A Collection" by Anne Briggs)
She attended St Hugh's College, Oxford University and appeared on University Challenge in 1968, as captain of the college team. She joined the Heritage Society at Oxford University and sang with a group called Mistral. One of her earliest recordings was in 1972 on an anthology called Stagfolk Live. Her breakthrough occurred in 1976 when she recorded the album Silly Sisters with Maddy Prior. Shortly thereafter in the same year, she recorded her solo debut, Airs and Graces. She later joined again with Prior, this time using the name Silly Sisters for their duo. Starting in 1977 Martin Simpson joined her in the recording studio for three albums before he moved to America in 1987. (Simpson has returned from America to be a guest guitarist on albums in the 2000s.) After his departure, she started working closely with pianist Huw Warren.
Tabor stopped performing professionally for a time after working for decades as a singer. During this time, she worked as a librarian and, with her then-husband David Taylor, ran a restaurant called "Passepartout" in Penrith, Cumbria, England before returning to music professionally in the 1990s.
In 1990, June Tabor recorded an album with the folk-rock band The Oyster Band titled Freedom and Rain. She went on tour with the Oyster Band, and the Rykodisc label published a limited-run promotional live album the following year. Many of her current fans first discovered her through this tour and album with the Oyster Band. In 1992 Elvis Costello wrote "All this Useless Beauty" specifically for Tabor, and she recorded it on Angel Tiger. Costello didn't record it himself until 1996, on his album of the same title.
In 1983 the BBC TV series "Spyship" was broadcast, with June singing the title song. In 1997 she appeared on Ken Russell's "In Search of English Folk Song" broadcast of Channel 4. Tim Winton, author of the 2001 novel "Dirt Music" which was shortlisted for the Booker Prize, made a selection of music to echo the themes of the novel. The CD "Dirt Music" (2001) includes "He Fades Away" by June Tabor, a painful tale of the slow death of a miner. (The song originally appeared on her 1994 CD "Against the Streams.") In 2002 the "Passchendale Peace Concert" in Flanders had June sharing the stage with Coope Boyes and Simpson. On 30th June 2006 BBC Radio 3 broadcast "Night Waves" to commemorate the anniversary of the Battle of the Somme. It was broadcast live, with World War I songs sung by June Tabor, and a discussion with Michael Morpurgo and Kate Adie.
Over the years she has worked in various genres including jazz and art song, but generally with a sparse and sombre tone to it. Her 2003 album An Echo of Hooves marked a return to the traditional ballad form after concentrating on other styles for several years, and was highly acclaimed. The All Music Guide said of this album "A stunning jewel in a remarkable career, and one of the best things Tabor’s ever released." Always (2005) is a boxed set of four CDs, spanning her whole career and containing rare recordings.
On 24th October 2003 Tabor appeared on Later With Jools Holland (BBC TV), singing "Hughie Graeme". This was later issued as part of a compilation DVD from the series. Folk Britannia was the name of a concert at the Barbican centre, and a TV mini-series (February 2006, repeated in October). She sang "Fair Margaret and Sweet William" at the Barbican, under the heading "Daughters of Albion". Tabor contributed one song to Ashley Hutchings' project Street Cries (2001) and one to a collection of folk musicians singing songs by the Beatles - Rubber Folk (2006). She chose to sing Lennon's "In My Life" A cappella. June tends to be adventurous in a way that avoids modernism. For example she frequently sings traditional songs with a piano accompaniment. On the album Singing The Storm (2000) she sings to the accompaniment of Savourna Stevenson's harp, and Danny Thompson's bass. In May 2004 she performed as part of "The Big Session" and sang an adaptation of Love Will Tear Us Apart as a duet with John Jones of The Oyster Band. In 1992, "The Wire" voted "Queen Among the Heather" one of the "Top 50 Rhythms of all Time".
The lighter side of her character can be seen in her work with Les Barker's The Mrs Ackroyd Band which performs his comic work. So far June has performed on 3 of their albums, the 1990 Oranges and Lemmings (singing "The Trains of Waterloo", a parody of the folk song "The Plains of Waterloo" in a duet with Martin Carthy), the 1994 Guns and Roses (singing "The January June", a send up of her perceived sombre character) and the 2003 Yelp! (singing "There's a hole in my bodhran", to the tune of "There's a Hole in my Bucket"). She sang two songs on Beat The Retreat, a tribute to Richard Thompson.
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Russell Tovey Now in Broadway's ‘A View From the Bridge'
Russell Tovey, the “Looking” star who was last onstage in New York in “The History Boys” in 2006, and Richard Hansell have joined the cast of the upcoming Broadway revival of Arthur Miller drama “A View from the Bridge.”The two British actors round out a cast that already includes several of the performers who appeared in director Ivo van Hove’s initial staging of the play in London earlier this year: Mark Strong, Nicola Walker, Phoebe Fox, Emun Elliott and Michael Gould.
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Provided by: Sean Pavone/Shutterstock.com
North America United States Raleigh, North Carolina
Do & See (9)
Bars & Nightlife (5)
Atlantic Beach, North Carolina
Myrtle Beach, South Carolina
Murrells Inlet, South Carolina
A visit to Raleigh, N.C., is more than a trip to a blossoming Southern metropolis—you'll feel enriched and energized the instant you're warmly welcomed by its smart, savvy locals. Raleigh's bright minds head top-tier technology, education and life science institutions; its artists create a bevy of cultural and culinary touchstones; and its storytellers proudly carry on the collective heritage of a rich, historic capital city.
Currency: U.S. dollar, $1 = 100 cents
Newspapers: The News & Observer
Opening hours: Most businesses are open between 9am and 9pm
Tourist information: Visitor Information Center
Address: 500 Fayetteville Street, Raleigh
Hours: 9 am to 5 pm, Monday through Saturday
Section in Raleigh, North Carolina
Best known for its world-class museums, best of Broadway shows and live concerts, capital area historic sites and professional and amateur sporting events, Raleigh truly offers a variety of entertainment all in one.
The North Carolina Museum of Art is one of the premier visual arts museums in the South. It features a dramatic gallery building home to a world-class collection that covers 5,000 years of art and includes more than 30 Rodin sculptures, a center for special exhibitions and a 164-acre park.
North Carolina Museum of History
At this museum you can explore more than 14,000 years of N.C. history. In addition to interesting artifacts, the exhibition "The Story of N.C." features multimedia presentations and an interactive format.
North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences
The Southeast’s largest natural history museum has four floors of exhibits, a Nature Research Center, and an 80,000-square-foot wing full of scientists working in the public eye. Highlights include the world’s most complete Acrocanthosaurus dinosaur and the three-story multimedia Daily Planet.
Completed in 1840, this National Historic Landmark originally housed the governor’s office, legislative chambers, state library and state geologist’s office. Today it is still the governor's seat, but also a popular tourist attraction.
Historic Oakwood
This historic neighborhood covering 30 blocks is a great place for a quiet stroll among diverse architecture and beautiful gardens. Many of the houses here date back to the nineteenth century and have been restored to their original splendor. Having a guided tour of the neighborhood is also an option.
This 174-acre wildlife park features Wake County's last operating 18th-century, water-powered gristmill. The mill is supported by a 16-foot-tall stone dam and a 24-acre pond. The park features a 16,000-square-foot visitor center with an exhibit hall, while the surrounding natural areas include over three miles of hiking trails.
J.C. Raulston Arboretum at North Carolina State University
The J.C. Raulston Arboretum is a 10-acre collection of diverse tree and plants, featuring over 6,000 flora species in its gardens.
Marbles Kids Museum and IMAX Theatre
At Marbles Kids Museum, children are encouraged to learn new things through play and interactive exhibits, while and developing their curiosity and creativity. The Marble IMAX cinema shows educational documentaries and movies on a big, 3D-capable screen.
Contemporary Art Museum
CAM Raleigh is a non-collecting museum that explores what contemporary art is and offers an always-changing museum experience. On the website, you can learn about the exhibitions that are currently being hosted.
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Tag Archive: Baku
2018 Formula 1 Azerbaijan Grand Prix tickets go on sale
08/11/2017 10:54 Leave a Comment
Early bird tickets to third race weekend in Baku offer 20% discounts for F1 fans
Baku City Circuit (BCC) has just released tickets for the 2018 Formula 1 Azerbaijan Grand Prix on Monday 6th November.
The third successive Formula 1 race to be staged on the streets of Azerbaijan’s capital city is taking place on the weekend of April 27th - 29th 2018, the first time the race will be staged in Baku at this time of year.
BCC is offering fans a limited supply of special ‘early bird’ discounts of 20% on the cost of all four-day tickets. This exciting offer will be available until December 31st 2017, after which the cost of tickets will revert back to their original price.
A four-day ticket includes grandstand access to not only the three days of racing as well as all accompanying entertainment offerings but also to a special Public Pit Lane Walk on Thursday 26th April.
This unique experience was hugely popular last year and saw thousands of fans enter the sport’s inner sanctum where they witnessed the teams’ engineers and mechanics applying the finishing touches to the cars in their respective garages ahead of what turned out to be one of the most dramatic F1 races in recent memory.
The 2017 F1 race weekend in Baku was widely recognised as the most exciting and unpredictable race of the season so far, with the two title contenders, Lewis Hamilton and Sebastian Vettel, literally clashing on track in one of the most memorable incidents in the sport’s history. Ultimately, the race ended with Red Bull’s Daniel Ricciardo unexpectedly securing the win ahead of Mercedes’ Valtteri Bottas and the youngest rookie to ever secure a spot on the podium, Williams’ 18-year-old Lance Stroll. It was truly an unforgettable race set against the backdrop of Azerbaijan’s stunning capital on one the most challenging circuits on the F1 calendar.
In addition to the discounted four-day ticket offering, special ‘Junior’ tickets for children aged 2-16 are now also available for families travelling to the event together.
Daily Roaming Tickets are also on offer to those preferring to watch the action from different locations on the track on various standing areas and podiums.
For more information on how to purchase tickets and plan your stay in Baku for the 2018 Formula 1 Azerbaijan Grand Prix please visit: www.bakucitycircuit.com
Baku Brilliance
PODIUM FINISH: Sergio Perez registered his second third place finish in this year’s Formula One campaign last weekend
The image of Sergio Perez on the podium is becoming somewhat of a common sight in Formula One this season after the Force India driver sealed his second third place finish of 2016 last weekend.
Racing in Baku, Azerbaijan, for the first time, the race was one which will be fondly remembered for the Force India team, who continue to build on a stellar campaign.
Finishing only behind championship leader, Nico Rosberg and Ferrari’s Sebastian Vettel, Perez registered 15 points for the constructors whilst teammate, Nico Hulkenberg, picked up two more in ninth spot.
Speaking of his latest race success, Perez said: “I knew that the podium was possible today, but we really had to work hard for it. The key to my race was the great start I made to get around a Williams [Massa] and a Toro Rosso [Kvyat].
“Then, in the first stint I was suffering with graining of my supsersoft tyres and we had to decide whether to wait for it to improve or to make an early stop. In the end, we stayed out longer, which was the right decision, but when I came out of the pits I struggled to warm-up the soft tyres and I was under big pressure from Lewis [Hamilton] behind.
“I pushed as hard as I could and opened up a gap, and then I focussed on looking after my tyres.
“I closed in on Kimi [Raikkonen] and I knew he had a penalty, but on the final lap I got very close to him and saw the opportunity to overtake him, so I took it. To be on the podium for a second time this year feels fantastic. The team has done a brilliant job and we are having an amazing year.”
Up next for drivers is the Austrian Grand Prix on Sunday 3rd July before teams head over to the UK just one week later.
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Sept 21 Deadline: OPA Awards & Leadership Nomination Solicitations
Media awards accepted through March 2, 2018
OPA AWARDS AND LEADERSHIP NOMINATION SOLICITATIONS
OPA Election Nomination Form
Hurry! September 21, 2017 is the deadline to nominate candidates for awards and leadership positions in the Ohio Pharmacists Association. Information and criteria for both types of nominations follow below. (Media Award Nominations may be submitted until March 2, 2018.)
Enhance Your Career with Leadership in OPA
Consider a position on OPA's 2018 ballot. Leadership in OPA will afford you the opportunity to contribute to the planning process in moving Ohio pharmacy forward, to develop skills that will benefit you professionally and personally, to meet and exchange ideas with innovators in the profession, and to feel a sense of accomplishment. Exciting things are happening with the practice of pharmacy. Be a part of it!
Vice President. The Vice President is responsible for assuming the duties of the President in the absence of the President and the President-Elect. He/she shall be a voting member of the Executive and Finance Committees, and the Board of Trustees. The Vice President is elected for a term of one year, then assumes the offices of President-Elect, President, and Past President for one year terms.
Executive Committee Member-At-Large serves a two-year term. He/she shall assume such duties as assigned by the President and he/she shall be a voting member of the Executive and Finance Committees, and the Board of Trustees.
Trustees. Districts 1, 2, 5, 9, 10, 11 will be electing one trustee each to serve 2018-2020 terms on the Board of Trustees, which meets four times per year. See the district map below to determine your county by district.
Any OPA active member may nominate himself/herself or any other OPA active member. All OPA members will vote for officers, and District Trustees will be elected by members of their individual districts. OPA Election Nomination Form
Awards Solicitation
OPA will recognize the accomplishments of members throughout the state at the 2018 OPA Annual Conference, April 20 - 22, 2018, in Columbus. Any OPA member may nominate any eligible member for the awards. Information about the awards and their criteria may be found on the Awards nomination form which is linked below.
OPA Media Awards
Awards are presented to persons in the media promoting medication safety or pharmacy issues to the public. (March 2, 2018 deadline)
Media Award Nomination Form
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The 21st century challenge of developing accurate asthma diagnostics
Asthma UK is working with Innovate UK and the Knowledge Transfer Network to tackle the problem of accurately diagnosing asthma
We are bringing together leading academics, SMEs, pharmaceutical companies, and funding organisations in a meeting to try and crack the challenge of developing accurate, low-cost asthma diagnostic tools that are fit for 21st-century health care.
Despite decades of pioneering asthma research, we still do not have an objective diagnostic test for asthma. Tests that are available now are not reliable enough, do not work for children under five and cannot identify what type of asthma someone has. As a result, asthma often goes undiagnosed or is mistaken for another condition, causing confusion and anxiety for people with asthma and the parents of children with asthma. This is not good enough for other diseases and isn’t good enough for asthma.
We think that developing an affordable and accurate asthma diagnostic tests is achievable because of our work with the European Asthma Research and Innovation Partnership (EARIP). However, for this to happen, academics, pharmaceutical companies, and diagnostics companies need to collaborate and tackle the 21st-century challenge of asthma diagnosis together.
On Monday 17 July, Asthma UK, in partnership with Innovate UK and the Knowledge Transfer Network, is holding an event with aim of forming these collaborations. It will bring together one hundred diagnostics experts from across Europe to tackle three challenges:
How can we develop tests that accurately identify different types of asthma?
How can we develop a test that predicts the likelihood of asthma developing in children and its trajectory over time?
How can we improve the diagnostic tools we already have, using new technologies and platforms?
Prominent scientists from the NHS, the Department of Health, and the Karolinska Institute in Sweden will speak about the importance of asthma diagnosis and its role in being able to personalise asthma treatment through better diagnosis. They will be joined by representatives from a wide range of sectors including diagnostics companies, academia, and people with asthma. These experts will discuss the opportunities to form new research collaborations so that an accurate asthma diagnostic test can be developed and made available to people with asthma as quickly as possible.
Developing tools that can provide a more accurate diagnosis of asthma for over 300 million people globally is an enormous opportunity. A more accurate understanding of the different types of asthma should allow people to be diagnosed with a specific type of asthma and receive personalised treatment to control symptoms. For the majority of people with asthma, receiving treatment for their specific type of asthma would mean the ability to enjoy each day to its fullest, without the impact of sleepless nights, breathlessness, missing school or having to take sick leave, and the risk of death.
If you would like to receive information on the event, please contact research@asthma.org.uk. If you would like to find out more about our research please see our research strategy.
Join our Healthcare Professionals community
Our Research Strategy Explore the strategy behind our world-class research.
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Click to copyhttps://apnews.com/1754648cf9a24040b52198f77302cf21
Chloe Dygert
Amber Neben
Garrison, Neben win US time trial cycling championships
OAK RIDGE, Tenn. (AP) — Ian Garrison knew that the heat wave in Tennessee could wreak havoc on the field at the U.S. time trial championships, particularly when riders were on their final lap.
Turns out he paced himself perfectly.
The 21-year-old from Decatur, Georgia, finished in just over 42 minutes, 58 seconds on Thursday, making up a slight deficit to Neilsen Powless over the third and final lap. Garrison’s cushion wound up being 19 seconds over Powless, while George Simpson took bronze.
“The heat was going to be a big factor because it really gets you toward the end,” said Garrison, who rides for the U.S.-based Hagens Berman Axeon team. “You feel fine at the beginning and at the end it’s so much easier to blow up in the heat.”
Also mastering the heat? Amber Neben.
She cruised to her third consecutive title in the women’s time trial, finishing two laps over the same course in 30:19 to top Chloe Dygert Owen by 36 seconds. Leah Thomas finished third.
As usual, many of the biggest names in American cycling were absent in anticipation of a possible Tour de France start. That includes two-time and defending champion Joey Rosskopf, three-time winner Taylor Phinney and time trial specialists such as Chad Haga and Brent Bookwalter.
Garrison, who finished 11th in the race against the clock a year ago, took advantage of it.
He was fourth from the end rolling out but quickly laid down a fast time, and Garrison was still in the mix when Powless and Warbasse hit the course after him.
Powless had the fastest time at the first checkpoint, nearly 10 seconds faster than Garrison, but watched his lead dwindle to 1.36 seconds by the completion of the second lap. Powless faded even more on the final lap, allowing Garrison to win his first elite national championship.
“I didn’t have a radio but they said in the car that my split was good,” Garrison said, “and then the last lap they said I was 1 seconds behind Neilson, so in my head it kind of freaked me out a bit. But I tried not to think about it too much and tried to push what I could for the last lap.”
It turned out to be enough as Garrison made a bold statement to the selectors who will begin to scrutinize results in advance of the world championships and next year’s Tokyo Olympics.
“So much of it was preparation,” Garrison said. “You just go out there and do the best you can. It’s all the work the past few months of coming out here, reconning, thinking about it. It’s trying to make sure you don’t blow up, don’t overthink it and do the best you can.”
As the reigning champion, Neben was the final rider out of the starting gate for the women’s race, and she already led Thomas by more than 20 seconds by the intermediate time check.
Not that Neben, a two-time time trial world champion, would have known.
“I don’t time trial with a radio,” she said. “My philosophy is essentially, ‘I’m going as hard as I can, so what can someone tell me? Go harder?’ It’s more a distraction for me.”
Neben’s second lap along the Melton Hill Reservoir near Knoxville was only slightly slower than her first, and that was more than enough to deliver her fourth national title.
“I didn’t feel very good,” said Neben, who also has eight runner-up finishes. “It’s a special day to win. It’s really hard to win. So I don’t take anything for granted.”
Owen has struggled with injuries since her breakout performance at the 2015 world championships, but she’s finally feeling healthy again. And while she had aimed for the top step of the podium, the heat combined with a malfunction of her race radio conspired against her.
“Those aren’t excuses. I did what I could with how I prepared,” she said. “Of course I’d like to be on the top step, but this is the first season in three years I’ve been injury-free. This is a goal, but the end goal is obviously the world championships and next year’s Olympics.”
The road world championships continue Friday night with the men’s and women’s criteriums through downtown Knoxville. The men’s and women’s road races take place Sunday.
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Click to copyhttps://apnews.com/7474820dad2849dea0a288a4bdf67e02
Agreement reached on $93 billion New York City budget
NEW YORK (AP) — New York City’s mayor and City Council have reached a deal on a $93 billion city budget that will put 200 more social workers in schools, retrofit city-owned buildings for energy efficiency and bolster U.S. Census outreach efforts to ensure an accurate count.
Mayor Bill de Blasio and City Council Speaker Corey Johnson, both Democrats, shook hands on the budget deal for fiscal year 2020 on Friday. The tentative agreement comes more than two weeks ahead of the July 1 budget deadline.
The agreement will add $250 million to the city’s reserve funds and $33 million more for libraries.
De Blasio is seeking the Democratic nomination for president. NBC announced Friday that he will be among 10 candidates participating in the first Democratic debate on June 26.
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Coming out on the Screen, 1977
40 years on from Arnolfini’s first Gay Pride film festival, Phil Owen looks at what was shown.
The art world has long been a refuge for people who don’t conform to the heterosexual standard, a place within which expression of a broader range of sexualities has been tolerated long before wider society. Here in Bristol, Arnolfini has very much fulfilled this role over the years. Our city’s first Gay Pride week took place in the summer of 1977 (it was organised in part as a fundraiser for the blasphemy trial between Mary Whitehouse and Gay News!). To coincide, we co-organised a season of film screenings curated to counter the observation that ‘film is as guilty as all other media for social strategies which create and reinforce the normative status of heterosexuality by rendering all other options either invisible or unacceptable’.
The films were shown at Arnolfini and at the Bristol Arts Centre on Kings Square (at that time, the two organisations’ film programmes were jointly curated as ‘Eye to Eye’, a BFI-funded regional film centre). Our screenings included Victim (a 1961 thriller starring Dirk Bogarde as a barrister being blackmailed for his homosexuality – the Eye to Eye brochure notes it as being ‘unusual for its non-camp realism and the characterisation of the main gay figure without reference to stereotypes’); Queen Christina (the 1930s Hollywood biopic loosely based on the androgynous 17th century Queen Christina of Sweden, ‘the film stimulates a gay sensibility through which an audience may review a number of films where homosexuality is disguised or apparently peripheral’); and Symptoms (a 1974 British horror film directed by José Ramón Larraz, exploring themes of sexual repression and psychosis). We also hosted an open forum discussion event ‘Perspectives on Homosexuality in Film’, led by filmmaker and writer Caroline Sheldon and academic Richard Dyer, while the Arts Centre showed a rare work-in-progress screening of Nighthawks, Ron Peck’s celebrated depiction of a gay teacher’s frustration with the emptiness and anonymity of the gay scene.
Compared to later films like the teenage romance A Beautiful Thing (1996), or the joyously explicit Shortbus (2006), this 1977 selection perhaps seems low-key in its depictions of homosexuality, or somehow rather thwarted. However, the fact that the whole idea of gay-centered cinema was being taken seriously and not seen as controversial by a major publically-funded arts centre (the season gets only a brief mention in passing in the minutes of the meetings of our Council of Management) makes clear how much things were changing just ten years after homosexuality was de-criminalised in Britain, and how the arts were at the forefront of that change.
For more information about Arnolfini’s LGBT+ heritage, check out our entries on OutStories’ interactive map
All quotes in this article are from the July-August 1977 edition of the Eye-To-Eye Programme. Copies of this are available to view in the Arnolfini collection at Bristol Archives and Arnolfini's Reading Room.
Filed under: From the curators, Blog
TALK | EDINBURGH: IS IT REALLY WORTH IT? - A TEA PARTY
Tuesday 30 July 2019, 11:00 to 13:00
Free - (Booking required) → Book
How does anyone do it? Is it just a waste of time? Can you really get noticed? Theatre Bristol and Arnolfini host ...
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Only Half of Collegiate-Level Sports Programs Follow Medical Model of Care for Student-Athletes, Survey Finds
by AB Editors
SOURCE: National Athletic Trainers’ Association (NATA)
Results suggest a need for collegiate athletic programs to evaluate existing model of care to ensure student athlete safety
LAS VEGAS, NV – A new survey of college and university athletic trainers shows that 51.73% of their collegiate-level sports programs follow the NCAA-legislated independent medical model of care. In addition, 76.26% of respondents feel they have medical autonomy – the unchallengeable authority to determine medical management of athletes. The survey was conducted by theNational Athletic Trainers’ Association’s (NATA) Intercollegiate Council for Sports Medicine (ICSM). Results were presented at a press briefing today during NATA’s 70th Clinical Symposia in Las Vegas.
The NCAA legislation for student athletes is a model that ensures independent medical care by giving primary athletic health care providers – defined as team physicians and athletic trainers (ATs) – the autonomous authority to make decisions related to the health and safety of athletes without the influences of the athletic department, including coaches and other personnel. Autonomous authority is the cornerstone for independent medical care for student athletes.
The survey also shows that more than one-third (36.32%) reported a coach influences the hiring or firing of sports medicine staff. A subset of this group (29.95%), responded to a question subset directly related to receiving pressure from non-medical personnel on medical decisions. Of this subset, which represents 17.37% of the total survey response, almost three out of five collegiate athletic trainers (57.81%) reported receiving pressure from an administrator, coach or member of the coaching staff to make a decision that was not in the best interest of a student athlete’s health. Of the 57.81% who reported receiving pressure, approximately the same percentage (58.65%) reported receiving pressure at least once a month; almost one in 10 (9.94%) reported receiving pressure at least once a week; more than one-quarter (28.85%) reported receiving pressure at least twice a month; and 2.56% reported receiving pressure daily.
“It is absolutely appropriate and expected for coaches as well as other relevant athletic personnel to ask questions. What is not acceptable is when the inquiry is laced with an expectation to influence, dictate, coerce or challenge the athletic trainer’s autonomous authority to make medical decisions in the sole interest of student athlete health and wellbeing,” said NATA President Tory Lindley, MA, ATC.
“While we believe that the pendulum is shifting in a positive direction, there is certainly more work to be done. NATA’s goal is to continue to advocate for and support NCAA delivery of care legislation. Student athletes and their parents should feel confident that decisions about health and safety are based solely on medical information and judgment and are not influenced by personnel who are not trained and experienced in that area,” Lindley added.
The results suggest that institutions evaluate their administrative structure to ensure the institutional line of medical authority is established according to NCAA’s Independent Medical Care for College Student-Athletes inter-association consensus statement and without influence.
“The survey indicates that there is also a need for programs to structurally and functionally infuse the independent medical model of care into their culture so that it remains, even if there are changes in leadership and/or staff,” said ICSM Chair Murphy Grant, MS, ATC, PES.
Additional Survey Findings
29.98% reported that medical autonomy is affected by sport assignment, meaning some sports may allow more independent medical decision-making than others
18.73% reported a coach playing an athlete who had been deemed medically ineligible for participation
49.41% reported having no formal document that describes the model adopted by the school
The survey was distributed via email to 9,223 athletic trainers who identify as working in the collegiate setting. A total of 1,796 responded, of which 1,419 completed all questions. The response rate (based on overall total response 1,796) was 19.47%. Forty-three percent of the respondents identified as working in Division I sports. The non-scientific survey was administered to evaluate the adoption and execution of the independent medical model of care.
To support the adoption and infusion of the NCAA’s independent medical model of care, NATA have conducted several regional lecture series and published member resources to help evaluate adherence and support transition to the independent medical model of care. Visit www.nata.org for more information.
About NATA: National Athletic Trainers’ Association (NATA) – Health Care for Life & Sport
Athletic trainers are health care professionals who specialize in the prevention, diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of injuries and sport-related illnesses. They prevent and treat chronic musculoskeletal injuries from sports, physical and occupational activity and provide immediate care for acute injuries. Athletic trainers offer a continuum of care that is unparalleled in health care. The National Athletic Trainers' Association represents and supports 45,000 members of the athletic training profession. For more information, visit www.nata.org.
NATA Intercollegiate Council for Sports Medicine (ICSM) is comprised of representatives from all levels of NCAA sports. The NATA board of directors established ICSM to identify relevant, timely issues in the field of athletic training and collaborate with various organizing bodies of collegiate athletics to improve student athlete safety, wellbeing and healthcare by influencing policy and providing resources.
Tags: National Athletic Trainers' Association
Study Finds that Sudden Death in Middle School-Age Student-Athletes Most Common While Playing Basketball
National Athletic Trainers’ Association and National Basketball Athletic Trainer Association Provide Tips for Parents to Help Keep Their Student Athlete Safe
DALLAS, TX – The majority of sudden death in American youth sports (ages 6-17) from 2007-2015 were cardiac-related (heart) and occurred during practice within organized middle school sports according to a first-of-its-kind study published in the National Athletic Trainers’ Association (NATA) Journal of Athletic Training.
The majority of those affected were male with an average age of 13 years old. No previous studies have focused on sudden death in organized middle school, youth, and recreational youth sports in the United States.
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Home Boeing Boeing 737 International Airlines Group (IAG) announces intent to buy 200 Boeing 737 MAX...
International Airlines Group (IAG) announces intent to buy 200 Boeing 737 MAX aeroplanes
Purchase would include 737 MAX 8 and MAX 10 jets
New aircraft to be deployed across International Airlines Group, including Vueling, LEVEL
One of the world’s largest airline groups announced today it plans to build its future fleet with the Boeing 737 MAX with an intention to purchase 200 MAX jets. International Airlines Group (IAG) and Boeing said the two companies have been in discussions regarding the opportunity and signed a letter of intent at the Paris Air Show in a deal that would be valued at more than $24 billion, per list prices.
IAG is the parent company of Aer Lingus, British Airways, Iberia, Vueling and LEVEL that fly more than 113 million passengers a year combined. The group has been a long-time operator of Boeing twin-aisle aeroplanes. Earlier this year, IAG group committed to and finalized a major order for Boeing’s newest long-haul model, the 777X, to complement its fleet of current-generation 777s and new 787 Dreamliners. In the single-aisle segment, IAG and its affiliates used to operate Classic 737 aircraft. Today, its fleet is almost exclusively Airbus A320 family aircraft. IAG CEO Willie Walsh has said the group would consider the 737 MAX as part of diversifying its future fleet to spur competition.
“We’re very pleased to sign this letter of intent with Boeing and are certain that these aircraft will be a great addition to IAG’s short-haul fleet,” said Willie Walsh, IAG chief executive. “We have every confidence in Boeing and expect that the aircraft will make a successful return to service in the coming months having received approval from the regulators.”
In selecting the 737 MAX, IAG says it will fly a combination of the 737 MAX 8, which seats up to 178 passengers in a two-class configuration, and the larger 737 MAX 10 jet, which can accommodate as many as 230 passengers. The airline did not disclose a specific split between the two MAX models, though it anticipates deploying the aircraft at a number of the group’s airlines including Vueling and LEVEL.
When a final agreement is reached, it will be posted to Boeing’s Orders & Deliveries website.
“We are truly honoured and humbled by the leadership at International Airlines Group for placing their trust and confidence in the 737 MAX and, ultimately, in the people of Boeing and our deep commitment to quality and safety above all else,” said Boeing Commercial Airplanes President & CEO Kevin McAllister. “We are delighted that the IAG team recognized the superior qualities of the 737 MAX and has indicated an intention to return to the Boeing 737 family. We look forward to building on our long-standing partnership with IAG for many years to come.”
The 737 MAX incorporates the latest technology CFM International LEAP-1B engines, Advanced Technology winglets and other improvements to deliver the highest efficiency, reliability and passenger comfort in the single-aisle market. The 737 MAX is 14 percent more fuel-efficient than today’s most efficient Next-Generation 737s, and 20 percent better than the original Next-Generation 737s when they entered service.
IAG is one of the world’s largest airline groups with 582 aircraft flying to 268 destinations, carrying 113 million passengers in 2018.
LE BOURGET, France, June 18, 2019 /PRNewswire/
Previous articleBrussels Airport records almost 2.3 million passengers in May (+0.7% year on year)
Next articleAtlantic Airways orders two Airbus A320neo aircraft
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Federal Aviation Administration discovers another potential risk on Boeing 737 MAX model
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The Enmund/Tison Requirement
A.R.S. §13-751(G)(1)
DRUGS / ALCOHOL
A.R.S. § 13-751(G)(2)
LACK OF CRIMINAL HISTORY
CHILDHOOD / FAMILY
EMPLOYMENT / MILITARY
FELONY MURDER/LACK OF INTENT
INTELLIGENCE/EDUCATION
LIFE SENTENCE AVAILABLE
MEDICAL PROBLEMS
MODEL PRISONER
LENIENCY
REMORSE / GRIEF
ACCEPTANCE OF RESPONSIBILITY
RESIDUAL DOUBT/INNOCENCE
SENTENCING DISPARITY
VICTIM'S ACTIONS
NOT A FUTURE DANGER
Case Summaries Index
Aggravating Circumstances
A.R.S.§13-751(F)(1)
A.R.S. §13-751(F)(2)
Old Law/Pre-1993/Use or Threat of Violence
New Law/Post-1993/Serious Offense
A.R.S. § 13-751(F)(3)
(F)(5) Finding Upheld
(F)(5) Finding Reversed
GRATUITOUS VIOLENCE
RELISHING
SENSELESS/HELPLESS
WITNESS ELIMINATION
A.R.S. § 13-751(F)(10)
A.R.S. § 13-751(F)(11-12)
Home / Publications & Reports / Capital Sentencing Guide
Capital Sentencing Guide
Created by the
Arizona Death Penalty Judicial Assistance Program
Overview: Welcome to the Capital Sentencing Guide. The Guide was created by the Capital Staff Attorneys of the Arizona Death Penalty Judicial Assistance Program to assist Arizona’s Superior Court judges. The Guide is updated throughout each year when significant legislative changes are made to relevant sections of the Arizona Revised Statutes, new capital case opinions are released by the Arizona Supreme Court, or the Arizona Supreme Court makes significant changes to relevant Court Rules.
The Guide summarizes all Arizona Supreme Court opinions interpreting aggravating and mitigating circumstances since Furman v. Georgia, 408 U.S. 238 (1972). The "Aggravating Circumstances" section organizes the summaries by the particular statutory aggravating circumstance. A.R.S. § 13-751(F)(1)-(14). The "Mitigating Circumstances" section organizes the summaries by the particular mitigating circumstance, both statutory and non-statutory. The "Case Summaries" section collects the information by case name and is in chronological order. An additional section discusses Arizona's treatment of the Enmund/Tison requirement by statute. See generally, A.R.S. § 13-752, and specifically A.R.S. §§ 13-752(P) and 752(S).
Cases Marked with an *: Denotes cases in which the Arizona Supreme Court reduced the death sentence on direct appeal.
Statutory re-lettering ignored: At the present time, and for almost all of the past 30 years, the aggravating circumstances are found in subsection F and the mitigating circumstances in subsection G of A.R.S. § 13-751. For a brief period - August 9, 2001 to August 1, 2002 - each subsection had one higher letter: aggravation was in G and mitigation in H. The Legislature then reverted to the original designations. Due to the brief time in which these changes were in effect, the Guide cites only to the current and longstanding designations to avoid confusion.
Additions to Aggravating Circumstances: Effective August 12, 2005, the Legislature added four new aggravators – (F)(11), (F)(12), (F)(13) and (F)(14). The Supreme Court upheld the (F)(13) aggravator in State v. (Dale Shawn) Hausner, 230 Ariz. 60, 280 P.3d 604 (2012). The remaining three factors have not yet yielded reported cases.
Recent Deletion and Amendment of Aggravating Circumstances: On April 10, 2019, the Governor signed SB1314. The legislation will take effect on August 26, 2019, which is 90-days after the 54th Legislature, First Regular Session adjourned Sine Die on May 28, 2019. SB1314 amends A.R.S. § 13-751(F) by repealing three (3) aggravating circumstances and consolidating and narrowing the “pecuniary gain” aggravating circumstance(s). A.R.S. § 13-751(F)(3), (F)(13), and (F)(14) are repealed by SB1314, and § 13-751(F)(4) and (F)(5) are consolidated into a new (F)(3) that more narrowly defines “pecuniary gain” as procured murder by payment or promise of payment of anything of pecuniary value or committed the murder as result of payment or promise of payment of anything of pecuniary value.
Reported Ring Harmless Error Cases: Only those Ring cases reviewed for harmless error in which at least one aggravator was found to be harmless beyond a reasonable doubt are reported in the Guide. The facts and legal analyses used in these opinions can be relied upon, even if the ultimate decision of the Supreme Court was to remand the case for re-sentencing before a jury. The fact that an aggravator was found not to be harmless beyond a reasonable doubt does not imply that the evidence was, or later will be found to be insufficient to support the aggravator, and should not be relied upon as such.
Contact Information for Judges: The Judicial Assistance Program is a statewide program and the Capital Case Staff Attorneys are available to assist judges in any of the fifteen (15) Arizona counties. Judges requesting assistance in a capital case can contact one of the Capital Case Staff Attorneys listed below:
Timothy Geiger (602) 506-5059 geigert@superiorcourt.maricopa.gov
Michele Lawson (602) 372-2038 lawsonm@superiorcourt.maricopa.gov
The Capital Case Staff Attorneys do not respond to non-judicial communications due to ethical rules. For general information about the program, please contact the General Counsel, Judicial Branch in Maricopa County:
Dennis Carpenter
dcarpenter@superiorcourt.maricopa.gov
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Scare tactics from Question 6 opponents
That didn't take long.
Within hours of a news conference held by Angela McCaskill, who was suspended with pay from her job as head of diversity at Gallaudet University after the school learned that she had signed the petition to put Maryland's marriage equality act on the ballot, she was featured in a new ad by the Maryland Marriage Alliance that claims Maryland's Question 6 threatens the liberty and livelihood of anyone who objects to gay marriage.
A few key points to consider in the case of Ms. McCaskill: Her actual views on gay marriage are unknown. She said she signed the petition because she believed the matter should be voted on, but she has not said how she will vote in November. Her attorney said Ms. McCaskill is not prejudiced against gays, and, indeed, her record at Gallaudet suggests that she isn't. Furthermore, the entire pro-Question 6 community in Maryland has urged Gallaudet to reinstate her immediately. She has indicated that she wants her job back but also additional compensation for the damage done to her reputation by this incident. Her lawyer also told WJLA-TV in Washington that she would like the ad pulled from the air.
Nonetheless, the opponents of marriage equality are holding her up as an example to support their claim that if Question 6 passes, those who object to same-sex marriage for religious or other reasons will face discrimination and persecution. "When marriage has been redefined elsewhere, as Question 6 does, people who believe in traditional marriage have been punished." As a series of images flash across the screen, the ad continues, "They were threatened. He was fired. They were sued. Who will be next? We're all at risk under Question 6."
Because the ad doesn't actually explain who was threatened, fired or sued, we'll fill in the blanks.
[Most read] Elijah Cummings faced hate when integrating a Baltimore pool. Decades later, Trump’s tweets reopen old wounds. »
In the case of "threatened," the ad shows an image of a Chick-fil-A restaurant. This summer, after Chick-fil-A President Dan Cathy reiterated his views in opposition to same-sex marriage (which were no secret), the restaurant chain became the subject of protests by marriage equality activists — but also counter-protests by those who oppose gay marriage that, at least for a time, boosted sales. Municipal officials in both Chicago and Boston objected to the restaurant chain's plans to expand in their cities, but they had no power to actually prevent it. It's also worth noting that while Massachusetts has long allowed gay marriage, Illinois does not.
The "he" who was fired is Damian Goddard, a Canadian sportscaster, who lost his job shortly after sending a tweet in support of a hockey agent who had come under criticism for opposing gay marriage. He contends the tweet was the reason he was fired. His former employer, SportsNet, claims it had made the decision to fire him for cause before the tweet and that it has documentation to back it up. SportsNet has declined to release the details because it is a personnel matter but has said it will do so if the case ends up in court. The two parties have been engaged private in mediation.
The "they" who were sued are Vermont innkeepers Jim and Mary O'Reilly. In 2011, a lesbian couple tried to book the Wildflower Inn for their wedding reception, but an employee informed them that the venue did not host gay receptions due to the innkeepers' "personal feelings." The couple sued under Vermont's public accommodations law, which prohibits hotels, restaurants and other such businesses from discriminating based on sexual orientation, race and other factors. The O'Reillys settled out of court, and their attorney later said that the employee had acted without the owners' permission and had misstated the inn's policy, which was to host gay receptions but to disclose the O'Reillys' views to potential guests.
What all three cases, and that of Ms. McCaskill, have in common is that they have nothing to do with the question of whether Maryland voters approve marriage equality. When Mr. Cathy's views were publicized, some people saw them as a reason to patronize his restaurants, some saw them as cause to boycott, and some didn't care. The reaction did not depend on whether the restaurants in question were in states that allow gay marriage. The truth about Mr. Goddard's firing is still in dispute, but whatever the case, it is governed by the laws of another nation. And the O'Reillys faced a lawsuit not because Vermont recognizes gay marriage but because it has an anti-discrimination law. Maryland has one, too, and has since 2001. It will remain in place whether Question 6 passes or not.
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So remind us, Howard County, why was providing access to healthy food in vending machines ever controversial?
As for Ms. McCaskill, she has received a wave of support from both those who oppose gay marriage and those who support it. Gov. Martin O'Malley has personally intervened on her behalf. That doesn't sound like intolerance. Gallaudet made a boneheaded decision in her case, but that is no reason to deny all Marylanders equal rights under the law.
Restaurant and Catering Industry
Most Read • Editorials
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Change Makers: Celebrating Women
Rolston Recital Hall
Image courtesy YWCA Banff.
YWCA Banff invites you to join us at Change Makers, a celebration of women who impact change and inspire action, locally and globally. Special guest Beckie Scott will join the winners of the fifth annual Bow Valley Women of Distinction Awards.
Special Guest: Beckie Scott
Three-time Olympian Beckie Scott retired in 2006, capping nearly two decades of competitive cross-country ski racing as Canada’s most successful cross-country skier and one of the world’s best all-around cross-country racers. She is also an Olympic broadcast analyst, elected member of the IOC and an honorary doctor of laws degree recipient from the University of Alberta.
This past December, Canmore’s Scott was appointed an Officer of the Order of Canada, one of the country’s highest civilian honours. Scott is also known for her role as an advocate for drug-free sport, having spearheaded an athlete’s petition for the establishment of an independent drug-testing body for all World Cup and Olympic competitions in 2001.
Bow Valley’s Change Makers
The event also celebrates local changemakers with the fifth annual Bow Valley Women of Distinction Awards. These awards recognize women who through their own initiative, ability and effort have made an exemplary achievement in their field, women who are outstanding role models because of their goals and the way they have achieved these goals, women who have made substantial contributions to the social fabric of their communities in unique and individual ways.
Join us as we recognize this year’s recipients and celebrate their achievements.
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Commencement May 26, 2003
Weather & FAQs
#batesgrad
The Procession
Past Honorands
Past Commencements
Adam Shepard ’03 is a force to be reckoned with
What happens when an irresistible force meets an immovable object?
A good person to ask might be Bates football player and physics major Adam Shepard ’03.
Each Saturday in the fall, Shepard puts physics principles into action as he roams the defensive backfield for the Bobcats, bringing great force to his job as one of the team’s leading tacklers.
As the rover in the Bobcats’ 4-4 defense, Shepard faces the challenges of an outside linebacker, playing the run. He also has a role to play in a strong safety, getting involved in pass coverage.
It’s a demanding position well-suited to a superb athlete like Shepard, says head coach Mark Harriman. “We can always count on Adam to be in the right place. He’s a physical guy and he’s smart — just a great combination.”
Shepard has been named to two consecutive New England Small College Athletic Conference All-Academic teams. He won last year’s Stephen Ritter Award, given annually to the 10 football team members with the highest grade-point averages at the end of the previous semester.
For Shepard, athletics and academics are the equation for success. “My grades have always been the best during the football season,” he says. “A lot of it comes from the football mindset and the coaching staff. They teach things that extend beyond the field.”
This Canton, Mass., resident has always had a passion for physics. “My father works in the field, so I’ve been surrounded by it all my life. It’s just interesting — you know how the world works.”
Watch Bates’ 153rd Commencement live on Sunday, May 26 at 10 a.m.
Picture story: Baccalaureate 2019
Photographs from Baccalaureate 2019: an afternoon of reflection and celebration, of song and dance — a time to remember, rejoice, and give thanks.
Video: ‘It’s OK to struggle,’ says senior s…
A lesser-known aspect of the myth of Daedalus and Icarus resonated with the senior speaker.
Video: 2019 Commencement in 14 convenient segments
From processional to recessional, watch video clips of the entire 153rd Bates Commencement, held May 26, 2019.
Christine Schwartz
Dining, Conferences and Campus Events
cschwart@bates.edu
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Science selected
UN says carbon cuts too slow to curb dangerous warming
By Matt McGrath Science reporter, BBC World Service
https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-20414596
Image caption The report is meant to inform climate negotiators who will gather in the Qatari capital next week
A report by the UN says global attempts to curb emissions of CO2 are falling well short of what is needed to stem dangerous climate change.
The UN's Environment Programme says greenhouse gases are 14% above where they need to be in 2020 for temperature rises this century to remain below 2C.
The authors say this target is still technically achievable.
But the opportunity is likely to be lost without swift action by governments, they argue.
Negotiators will meet in Doha, Qatar for the UN Climate Change Conference (COP18) next week to resume talks aimed at securing a global deal on climate by 2015.
The report provides a sobering assessment of the gulf between ambition and reality.
Achim Steiner, Unep Executive Director
The Emissions Gap Report 2012 has been compiled by 55 scientists from 20 countries. It says that without action greenhouse gases in the atmosphere will be the equivalent 58 gigatonnes of carbon dioxide per year by 2020.
That's around 14 gigatonnes above the level that scientists have said is needed to keep temperature rises this century below the targeted level of 2C.
Even if the most ambitious pledges from countries to cut emissions are honoured, the gap is likely to be eight gigatonnes, an increase of two gigatonnes on last year's estimates.
"Eight is a big number," says Dr Joseph Alcamo, chief scientist of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), "that's about the total greenhouse gas emissions of the entire industrial sector in the whole world right now."
The United Nations Environment Programme (Unep) says the increase in the levels of emissions in this year's report is due to projected economic growth in some developing countries and the removal of some emissions cuts that were counted twice.
"The report provides a sobering assessment of the gulf between ambition and reality," says Achim Steiner, the executive director of Unep.
Mr Steiner says that bridging the gap remains technically possible from large reductions in power generation and transport.
The report also highlights examples of relatively inexpensive actions that have been effective in curbing emissions at national level. These include higher performance standards for vehicles and appliances, and economic incentives to reduce deforestation. Many of these actions have been taken for economic reasons but are having the added benefit of reducing emissions.
Lead author, Dr Monica Araya says it is crucial that this approach continues.
"If we want politicians to endorse these policies they have to be able to go out there and sell them on the basis of the benefits they create for their people and not just for the planet."
Critical talks
The report is meant to inform negotiators at the COP18 climate meeting that begins in Doha next week.
According to Christiana Figueres, who will lead the talks on behalf of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, it should help governments identify how ambitions can be raised.
"It is a reminder that time is running out but that the technical means and the policy tools to allow the world to stay below a maximum 2C are still available to governments and societies," she said.
The UNEP report follows on from a new analysis by the World Meteorological Organisation that says the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere reached a record high in 2011. It suggests that CO2 has now reached concentrations of 390.9 parts per million, or 140% of the pre-industrial levels of 280ppm.
The impact of these gases has been significant, says the WMO, causing a 30% increase of the warming effect on the climate between 1990 and 2011.
Greenhouse gases hit record high
US researchers map carbon emissions at street level
Carbon emissions target urged by business leaders
Government must resist new 'dash for gas', advisers say
Dutch troops '10% liable' for Srebrenica massacre
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Politics selected
EU referendum: George Osborne hopeful of 'win-win' agreement
https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-33671359
Media captionGeorge Osborne says he is confident "we can get a good deal for Britain"
George Osborne has said he is hopeful of a "win-win" agreement between the UK and the rest of the European Union in talks over its future membership.
Speaking in Paris as he met French counterparts, the chancellor said there was "goodwill and a willingness to engage" with British arguments.
But he would not be drawn on reports a referendum could be brought forward to 2016 if negotiations concluded quickly.
Mr Osborne is planning to visit other EU capitals in the coming months.
His visit came as UK universities launched their campaign for a "Yes" vote in a future in-out referendum, scheduled to take place before the end of 2017.
Mr Osborne, who is holding meetings with French Economy Minister Emmanuel Macron, its Finance Minister Michel Sapin and Foreign Minister Laurent Fabius, said all sides "wanted to get on and talk".
Analysis, by BBC Paris correspondent Lucy Williamson
After all the talk of roadblocks and differences, today's meeting had a rather different feel. Both Mr Osborne and Mr Macron talked about "a win-win approach" on Britain's proposed reforms of the EU.
We want a Europe that works for all its citizens, said the chancellor, adding that France agreed the interests of non-eurozone countries like Britain should be protected.
His French host was keen to emphasise the need for reform. The warnings against an "a la carte" Europe were gone. "I think we have the basis of a common agreement," Mr Macron said. "France wants reform that strengthens Europe, not reform that weakens it. But I've heard nothing today that was incompatible with that."
The devil, of course, will be in the detail of those reforms. Asked about a timetable for the British referendum, Mr Osborne didn't rule out holding it early. But broad agreement on the need for reform is one thing, getting 28 countries to sign up to specific measures quite another.
He told the BBC: "I don't know anyone claiming the negotiations are going to be straightforward but you hear a lot of goodwill here and a willingness to engage because we all want to see Europe working better for the citizens of the entire EU.
"And now you hear French politicians acknowledging there needs to be fair treatment for those countries that aren't in the euro as the eurozone integrates and there is the potential for a win-win agreement."
Mr Osborne's visit marks a new phase in the negotiating process, in which the technical detail of the UK's requests are being considered.
David Cameron, who visited Paris, Berlin and other EU capitals in the wake of May's election victory to set out his government's broad objectives, said the discussions were "proceeding quite well, but there'll be lots of difficulties and problems and road blocks ahead to get the sort of deal I think is necessary".
Speaking in Indonesia, where he is on a trade trip, Mr Cameron said he did not have a referendum date in mind, amid reports that ministers favoured next June: "When the negotiation is complete then we'll set the date for the referendum," he said.
What does renegotiation mean?
Image caption French economy minister Emmanuel Macron, left, with Mr Osborne
The prime minister has not set out in full detail what he wants but his key demands include:
An opt-out on the core EU aim of "ever closer union"
The sovereignty of national parliaments to be boosted, so groups of them can block proposed EU legislation
Safeguard the City of London and other financial centres outside the eurozone
Curb EU immigration by cutting benefits
Make the EU more streamlined and competitive
To get what it wants the UK believes it will need to rewrite treaties agreed by all 28 EU members.
Q&A: UK's planned EU referendum
Meanwhile, the Universities UK group - whose members include 133 executive heads of UK university institutions - has said it backs Britain's membership of the EU. Vice-chancellors launched a "Yes" campaign alongside shadow business secretary Chuka Umunna and pro-European Tory MP Damian Green.
Dame Julia Goodfellow, president of Universities UK, told the event in London they must "stand up and be counted".
"It is abundantly clear that the UK's membership of the European Union has an overwhelmingly positive impact on our world-leading universities, enhancing university research and teaching," she said.
"The case for staying in Europe is about ensuring the future prosperity of the UK, it's about maximising the chances of new discoveries that enhance the society in which we live, it's about the UK's standing in the world."
UKIP, which is campaigning for a "No" vote in the referendum, criticised Universities UK for entering the debate.
Deputy leader Paul Nuttall, an MEP and former university lecturer, said: "Given that universities are supposed to be the bastions of open-minded learning, it seems wrong that an institution governing the interests of British education should embroil itself in a political debate that has seen people denied any democratic say whatsoever on how Britain should be governed for 40 years."
And Conservative eurosceptic John Redwood said attempts to present a Yes vote as the "friendly status quo" were misleading.
"They aim to run a campaign claiming that... Yes is the risk free option, and that No would mean all sorts of dire futures which they intend to portray by lies and scare stories," he wrote on his blog.
Q&A: EU referendum
Better off out or in?
Q&A: What Britain wants from Europe
Timeline: Campaigns for a European Union referendum
Politics Sections
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Our North
Subscriber Appreciation Program Guidelines
2019 Arctic Adventure Sweepstake
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Northern Jobs
Ambulances in the Sky
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Where they’re going, they don’t need roads. Across the North, ground transportation just isn’t possible and many local health care centres offer only the most basic of services. That’s when ACCESS air ambulances swoop in, with medevacs proving the quickest—and often, the only—way of getting patients the medical treatment they need.
By Herb Mathisen
From the September 2015 Issue
Hugh Gilmour asks if we can meet up in the afternoon. Blame the flight gods, he says. It turns out he’ll just be getting to sleep around the time we’d originally scheduled our interview. Totally understandable.
When we get together that afternoon at his hangar headquarters, surrounded by meticulously kept cardio kits, portable ventilators and pre-sorted supply packs, Gilmour doesn’t actually look too sleepy. (Though he did accidentally call me Hamish in an email right after he woke up. Again, totally understandable.) Despite the disruption to his sleep routine, he isn’t irritable, patiently explaining why he wanted to push things back. The previous night, a young man in Kugluktuk got a fish hook stuck in his eye: one hook in upper eyelid, one in the lower eyelid and a third hook that penetrated the sclera—the white part of the eye. Just as Gilmour was settling into bed in Yellowknife, his iPhone 6 buzzed. So he threw on his blue AMS jumpsuit, drove to the Air Tindi hangar out at the airport, grabbed his gear, hopped into a Northern ambulance—in this instance, a Beechcraft King Air 200—and responded to the scene, on the coast of the Arctic Ocean, 600 kilometres due north, 90 minutes away. After flying through the night, they brought the patient into Stanton Territorial Hospital in Yellowknife for treatment at 5:30 a.m. But Gilmour didn’t get home until 7 a.m., after filling out a patient report, restocking equipment and getting it ready for a cross-shift. “I always find if I’ve been sitting in a plane for hours, no matter how tired I am—I could be just bagged—I can’t go straight to sleep,” he says. “I need to just not be moving for a few hours.” Gilmour nodded off around 9 a.m
That’s just a regular day for the flight paramedics with ACCESS, a partnership between Advanced Medical Solutions and Air Tindi, which responds to nearly 1,700 air ambulance transfers—“we’re not supposed to call them medevacs anymore,” says Gilmour—throughout the NWT and Nunavut’s Kitikmeot region each year. That’s roughly 1,000 calls out of their Yellowknife base, about 300 from the Inuvik base and more than 300 from the Cambridge Bay base annually.
Why so many calls? The North’s well-documented shortage of roads, coupled with the long distances between small communities, which lack all but the basic health amenities, and larger towns with better equipped health care centres, mean that air ambulances take on the bulk of urgent and unique medical transfers. They transport trauma patients, women experiencing complications with their pregnancies or going into labour prematurely, or even just patients with contagious viruses who probably shouldn’t travel on scheduled flights, bringing them to regional health centres, the territorial hospital in Yellowknife or down to Edmonton—depending on the patient’s needs. In the NWT, Gilmour says only the hospitals in Yellowknife, Inuvik, Hay River and Fort Smith will regularly deliver babies; if there are any complications at all, the expectant mothers are sent to Yellowknife or Edmonton.
Gilmour’s been a paradmedic for 14 years now; he’s spent more than seven with AMS. He is seven days into his 28-day rotation. Yes, he works 28 days in a row. And he’s on-call 24 hours a day. But if a call comes in, he’s only allowed to work 14 consecutive hours, before taking a mandatory 10-hour break. If another call comes in, one of the other eight critical care paramedics on rotation will take it. “Fourteen hours is a long day, but I can grind that out knowing that there’s a 10-hour rest period at the end,” he says. “That’s going to make sure that our staff are a lot less fatigued, which is really what’s the most important thing.” You still have to eat, get groceries, go to the gym. And sleep. If you think this schedule sounds inhumane, Gilmour does get 28 days off once his rotation ends. This gives each of the 20-odd flight paramedic crew members—all of whom reside outside the NWT—time to go home and be with family. Gilmour lives in Grande Prairie, Alberta; one of his co-workers lives in the Caribbean.
He takes me on a tour of the Air Tindi hangar that now doubles as the AMS base, showing off the first of three brand new 2014 King Air 200s that had just arrived, purchased after AMS and Air Tindi won an eight-year contract to provide medevac service in the NWT. The plan is to have two of these aircraft parked inside the hangar, so patients coming or going in the depths of winter will be transferred into the plane in relative comfort, avoiding -40 C temperatures that not only affect an anxious, ailing human being, but also cause IV lines to freeze up and even ventilator tubing to shatter.
The new King Airs have space for two stretchers, with new comforts like swivel (and reclining) seats for the critical care paramedics. Gilmour’s a self-professed aviation nerd, and he brings me into the flight deck to show me the screens that, when lit up, will give the pilot and first officer a simulated picture of the terrain below them. He can’t wait to get up in the new bird.
Though the geographic and logistical conditions necessitating air ambulances haven’t changed much over the years, the conditions for patients on the flights sure have. Gone are the days of improvisation: where daring bush pilots took off and asked questions later; where you got the patient on the next flight out of town no matter what—even if it meant carting them down the aisle, past stunned passengers on a scheduled flight, to the back of the plane and putting up a curtain, with passengers on pins and needles the whole trip hoping the patient survives.
“He doesn’t know anything, so there’s no influence for emotion—like, ‘It’s a kid, I’ve got to get in there.’ That’s not allowed to happen.”
Lois Chetelat was a registered nurse in Aklavik in the early 1960s, and she went on her fair share of medevac flights. Just four months ago, she bumped into an air ambulance paramedic in her hometown of Ottawa and was fascinated to learn about the advances in the industry: how planes are custom-fitted with medical equipment and personnel are specially trained for the unique demands of the job. It wasn’t like that in her day. On one trip back from Sachs Harbour, she remembers, “we had to hang intravenous bottles up just inside a normal airplane”—jury-rigged with a coat hanger, no less.
And when something happened in Aklavik back then, community centre staff would have to coordinate everything on the fly. She recalls once in 1962, a young girl succumbed to burn injuries: Chetelat and her nursing partner didn’t want to see that happen again. Soon after, another child came in with similar burns. “We were concerned because we were again without correct supplies and medication treatments,” she says, reading me a letter she’d written home at the time. “After radio contact with the doctors, we made the decision that I would escort the patient to Inuvik General Hospital. Our problem was to find a bush pilot who would fly at night. We approached a former RCMP pilot who had set up a business in Aklavik. He agreed to transport the patient and me.” To create a runway in the darkness, “the pilot filled a number of cans with kerosene and placed them in a long rectangular shape on the frozen [Peel] River. Once the cans were lit, we boarded the plane and, guided by the flickering fires, we ascended quickly into the starry night. I sat in the front seat beside the pilot, holding and comforting the suffering child in my arms.” The child pulled through.
Today, harrowing tales such as these aren’t likely. For one, when a call comes in from a community health centre, it goes directly to an operator in Yellowknife, who coordinates a plan with the caregiver making the call and the doctor at the receiving unit. If a medevac is required, a call goes to Air Tindi, “because the first step that has to happen to ensure an air ambulance transfer can occur is if it’s safe to do,” says Gilmour. This means getting weather information to ensure the plane can land in the patient and the receiving community—and also that there’s an alternate airport if weather conditions deteriorate enroute. (Fall and spring tend to be most volatile seasons, says Gilmour, with ice fogs plaguing communities near large bodies of water before freeze-up.) As a precaution, the captain isn’t given any unnecessary information about the trip, in order to keep him or her from potentially taking risks. “He doesn’t know anything, so there’s no influence for emotion—like, ‘It’s a kid, I’ve got to get in there.’ That’s not allowed to happen,” says Gilmour. Once the flight is approved, critical care paramedics have 30 minutes to get to the base to prepare for the flight. They’re expected to be ‘wheels-up’ 45 minutes after the flight is approved.
“Distances are so vast, many communities have no road access whatsoever, we’re the only option to get these patients the care that they need.”
AMS and Air Tindi had seven years of medevac experience together prior to the contract renewal in April. But for the new contract, the two companies decided to partner up, rather than having one subcontract to the other. “What that means is that we have our budget and we run our operations the way we need to ensure top quality and Air Tindi does the same. So Air Tindi cannot influence our decision-making and vice versa,” says Sean Ivens, CEO of AMS, which just celebrated its 20th anniversary. “If it was a subcontract relationship, the prime contractor can manipulate the subcontractor based on price and on operations. We felt that it was important not to be able to influence each other’s decision-making in that regard.”
Since getting into the medevac game, AMS has found some interesting ways to keep staff trained up. Rather than waiting for openings in southern certification courses—which only happens a couple times a year—AMS got some of its own employees certified as educators. This allows them to train their own staff, and other Northern medical professionals, whenever required. It has also spurred the creation of a new business unit with AMS that offers medical training and education.
And Northern air ambulance paramedics get a ton of training, including specialized certifications to treat infants and newborns, tailored to the types of calls they receive. (That’s another contrast to Chetelat’s day: registered nurses weren’t even able to put in IVs on their own; only doctors could.) Gilmour, also a part-time educator with AMS, says this is a big draw. “In a lot of places, you’ll have speciality teams for neonatals and you’ll have speciality teams for pediatrics and then the normal flight team will take all the adults,” he says. “But we’re a little bit unique: we take them all. So we have to be really strong generalists, good at all patient populations.”
In fact, the company has invested in a whole family of hi-tech mannequins—essentially life-sized dolls that cry, vomit and even have their tongues swell in reaction to various simulations. “You just start pushing buttons and this machine does whatever your body does. It’s unbelievable,” says Ivens. “You can simulate a patient having a stroke. You can simulate a heart attack; 20 different types of heart attacks, in fact. You can have allergic reactions, you can have all kinds of other medical complications going on within this patient and they’re scenario driven, which is pretty cool.” This lets teams practice real-time scenarios in a classroom on a virtual man, pregnant mother, baby or newborn doll. Ivens and trainer Nick Nowe demonstrate the versatility of the adult male doll, Andy, in the classroom at the AMS facility out in an industrial area of Yellowknife. Hearing his Homer Simpson-style shrieks and seeing him stare out blankly is a little unsettling as different simulations are punched in—but better an unfeeling robot than a living person on the ground.
Still, all the advances in technology and procedures haven’t taken the adventure out of the job. “Here in the Northwest Territories, we actually fly a lot of patients by air ambulance that, in other jurisdictions in Canada, wouldn’t be flown because they’d have other means of getting to health care,” says Gilmour. “Distances are so vast, many communities have no road access whatsoever, we’re the only option to get these patients the care that they need.” And after landing in a community, or a mining camp or out in the bush, critical care paramedics still have to deal with wild and unpredictable situations, in extreme weather conditions—in clunky gear. “It’s almost like you’re an astronaut, because you’re wearing the big Canada Goose jacket and the down pants and the big mitts and the toque and the headlamp and you’re moving around like the Michelin Man and then you’ve got to get the patients into the plane,” he says. “And then you’ve got to get your spacesuit stuff off so that you can actually move around in the back of the airplane because you’re so encumbered, otherwise you can’t function.”
Gilmour’s most memorable calls? Maybe it was the time he had to transport a patient by sled, dragged behind a snow machine, out at Bathurst Inlet. Or when he responded to a plane crash—by plane. They once had to land on the Dempster Highway to respond to a motor vehicle accident. Every day presents the potential for something new.
“I’ve been to every single named community in the Northwest Territories and in the Kitikmeot region of Nunavut and most of the large mining and exploration camps. And then a myriad of small bush camps, cabins,” he says. “I get a chance to go to places that a lot of Canadians don’t even know exist, let alone are able to pronounce. And we do that on a regular basis and that’s cool. Not only do we do cool medicine up here, but the culture is interesting, the people are amazing, the scenery is breathtaking and it’s challenging.”
Yet the number one focus is always on the patient—someone who might also not be the most comfortable flier. “There’s a lot of coaching that goes on. There’s a lot of reassurance,” says Gilmour. “That’s just being a good human being to somebody who’s having a really bad day.”
We say goodbye and I drive back downtown, to sit behind a desk for the rest of the day. Gilmour goes back to work too, which, as it turns out, ends up taking him to Fort Liard, Hay River and Fort Smith that day. And that’s only day seven of 28.
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5 Ways Brands Can Trailblaze with Virtual Reality Today
Craig Dalton
It’s been a mere seven months since Google announced Cardboard — their playful, smartphone-based VR platform that takes an inexpensive cardboard constructed viewer and transforms your everyday phone into a brand new immersive experience. The reaction was magical and immediate. And as a result, Google has expanded their platform and hired even more virtual reality makers to join their team.
In the first twenty-four hours after Google’s announcement, the team here at DODOcase created our own version of Cardboard. Google liked it so much they’ve made us an official partner — and this month, we launched our brand new, pop-up viewer, which assembles in under thirty seconds. It can be fully designed with a custom, wrap-around print that turns the viewer into the ultimate keepable giveaway for your customers and fans.
Brands and agencies have taken note of Cardboard too, because they recognize it as an entrée into the next generation of storytelling mediums. The passion for connecting with users in unique, innovative ways has given rise to new marketing and experiential activations that take advantage of smartphone-based virtual reality.
We asked digital agency of the year, R/GA, top VR shops Jaunt VR, Tactic, and Framestore, as well as Elle magazine about how they became trailblazers in smartphone virtual reality, and to share some advice with you — here’s what they had to say:
1. Be True To The Medium
On the scene with Elle and Jaunt VR for the magazine’s first foray into virtual reality
Mike Woods, Global Executive Creative Director and Head of Framestore’s VR studio advises, “The first step is not to shoehorn any kind of existing thoughts or content into virtual reality. VR is a very natural thing. It’s not a camera, it’s a person. So here’s your opportunity to put customers inside your brand.” Scott Broock, Vice President of VR Content at Jaunt adds, “In terms of an experience that can transport someone in a completely unique new way, there is nothing like this.” Jaunt VR recently partnered with Elle magazine to bring readers onto the set of a photo shoot with Jacquie Lee, the acclaimed singer from NBC’s The Voice. Kevin O’Malley, Senior Vice President and Publisher of Elle magazine, added, “It’s really all about the story you are looking to tell — all about the content. Yes, it will be more immersive, but how do you tell a story with VR in a way that makes it most compelling to your users? That starts with a strong creative concept and comprehensive storyboarding to make sure you are maximizing the impact.”
To supplement the print article in the November issue, Elle and Jaunt used 3-D cameras to capture what it was like to be on set at the photo shoot. O’Malley said, “With our first VR experience for Elle, we wanted it to relate to our print piece, but use the material in a totally new way. For example, on Elle.com we created a flipbook of images that enhanced the static article in a more traditional way; with VR, it’s a 360˚, completely immersive experience. There is no photograph in Elle magazine of Max Vadukul shooting Jacquie Lee, but with VR, our readers can be on set with a renowned fashion photographer. The user gets to experience everything that comes with that, the kinds of things they’d never get to see otherwise.”
And, he continued, “We can highlight that the leather jacket is available from this brand, the shoes are from that designer, and so on. So not only are we are serving up more information to the consumer, but we are also delivering great service plugs and drives to retail for our advertisers.”
Scott Broock offered even more advice. “Elle and Hearst have been leading the way in publishing, and now we’re seeing more brands developing stories using VR. In terms of experiences you are developing, remember to focus on your demographic. First and foremost, you are taking them somewhere or telling a story that is going to be meaningful to them. Don’t lose sight of the fact that 99% of people have never experienced virtual reality. When they do, each of them is going to enjoy what you create and have this experience of ‘wow, this is amazing — I want more.’ Once you see how they react to it (smartphone VR), you’ll really begin to understand its impact.”
For those who haven’t tried it — check out the free Google Play app from Elle and Jaunt VR. It’s so convincing that the next time someone asks if you’ve ever been on a fashion photo shoot, you are likely to answer yes.
2. Know The Players, Know Your Partners
Watching Paul McCartney in concert from the side of the stage with Jaunt VR and your smartphone
As a brand or agency, you might know how you want to use VR to extend your strategy, but you may not know who can help bring your vision to life. You’ll need developers to design, capture, and code experiences — and hardware that allows users to consume your content. Here’s a short rundown of key players in VR development — if you know of any that we missed, please share it with us in the comments.
VR Development Shops:
Tactic Specializing in immersive experiences across digital platforms and real world installations. Highlighted by an emphasis on gesture recognition, augmented reality and virtual reality. Tactic’s work includes mobile AR with Jose Cuervo and the “Throttle Up” holographic jet engine experience with GE & BBDO.
Jaunt VR Specializing in cinematic virtual reality, with a unique, comprehensive platform that enables creators to film, edit, and process live-action content for virtual reality viewers. Recent projects include concerts by Paul McCartney and Jack White, as well as a journey to Middle Earth to promote The Hobbit.
Framestore A fully immersive, interactive, and experiential virtual reality content studio from the Oscar-winning shop that did the visual effects for Gravity. Framestore is known for conceiving, creating, and executing for some of the biggest brands in the world. Recent work includes a promotion for Marvel’s Avengers at CES, a virtual vacation with Marriott’s “Teleporter,” and a VR experience for Christopher Nolan’s Interstellar.
As you are developing your experience, you’ll also need to think about distribution to your fans and customers. For smartphone based VR experiences, DODOcase has just released a pop-up viewer that can be easily branded, distributed, and constructed by fans in under 30 seconds. Learn more here.
3. First To Market Matters: Don’t Wait On The Sidelines
Warner Bros. and The Hobbit take you on a virtual tour through the Shire
VR is no longer a thing of the future. It’s happening right now. And if you think your competitors are already developing VR experiences for their next campaigns, you’re probably right. Jaunt VR has seen a swift rise in visibility since they released live concert experiences with Paul McCartney and Jack White for Cardboard VR, as well as their work with Elle, and a custom activation built for Warner Bros. The Hobbit. Scott Broock works with brands every day and had this to say: “Put your stake in the ground right now. There are major brands, networks, studios, sport leagues, and travel companies all planning their first VR activations. What you are going to see in the next three months are the first movers going at it aggressively and making clear that they are going to play in this space. And what they will find is that the market and users will reward them for getting these experiences out there first.”
Like the early movers on Instagram, Twitter, and Facebook before them — being first to market in VR means you’ll gain the benefit of leading the pack, while simultaneously owning the unique space your experience will inhabit. Your marketing will benefit from the added PR, and you’ll receive attention for the mere fact that you are creating opportunities where none existed before. Mike Woods of Framestore VR agrees. “You are pretty much guaranteed to generate a few columns and media impressions just by being brave enough to throw yourself into virtual reality — there is even a story around that because it’s such early days.” A month, season, or year from now, innovation in VR will still be happening, but being first to market is a one-time opportunity — if you don’t act now, it’s going to pass you by.
4. Think Beyond Oculus, Get To The Masses
Volvo, R/GA, and Framestore VR join forces to give customers a test drive experience like no other
Oculus Rift is an important part of the future of VR, but it’s still just one piece of that future. Oculus (now owned by Facebook) has developed an incredible engine for virtual reality that specializes in long-format, highly interactive gaming VR — but it’s not for everyone. The fastest, most affordable way to get shorter-timed, accessible VR experiences to people everywhere is through smartphone-based, cardboard viewer VR. Mike Woods says, “As an entry level thing everyone carries around a smartphone in their pocket, so the idea that you can generate brand experiences and excitement around VR with just some cardboard and the computer you carry around in your pocket all day — it’s a no brainer.”
Jay Zasa is the SVP, Executive Creative Director for campaigns at R/GA, and he recently led the development of a virtual reality test drive with Volvo. He had this to say: “The future is more like Google Cardboard than it is separate, expensive devices. I think that stuff [like Oculus Rift] will probably exist in some higher-end niche, but as a way for the masses to experience VR, it will have to be done in a way that uses existing devices like smartphones.”
One of our founders, Patrick Buckley had this to add: “Cardboard VR is a new, fundamentally different way to tell stories that are more immersive than any other digital experience people have known. It’s more immersive than an IMAX film, and it’s in your pocket already. As a brand, it’s an amazing new marketing opportunity to have something so affordable that you can hand it out to your fans at events and they can immediately have an ‘IMAX on steroids’ experience with whatever story you want to put them in. It’s really exciting — and we are seeing brands and agencies opening their eyes to these opportunities on a daily basis.”
5. Realize VR Is Here To Stay
In the past, inaccessibility to revolutionary devices has been a major obstacle in widespread adoption — but with Cardboard VR for smartphones, that obstacle has been removed. Patrick Buckley says, “Radio took 38 years to reach 50M users, television took 14 years, and the Internet took 4 years. As current technology news indicates, VR is on a much quicker trajectory. Given the existing technology infrastructure, within one and a half years we’re likely to see 50M VR users in the world. It’s a huge opportunity.”
Just as with social media, mobile, and video before this — understanding the capabilities of VR technology will help you reach users in new and compelling ways. “Virtual reality can do so many things,” added Mike Woods. “Marketers can use this technology to drive attention, make a splash, show customers a side of the brand they haven’t seen before, or even in retail positioning. VR [as we know it] is only about a year and a half in, and it’s already quite an adaptable form.”
Peter Oberdorfer, the President at Tactic, a new agency that is already making waves with augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality built for smartphones, agrees. One of their most recent projects was with McCann NY, where they created an AR mobile app experience for Jose Cuervo Tequila’s “History in a Bottle” TV campaign. He had this to say about VR as the new ‘what’s next’ platform in storytelling: “In a way, it represents the convergence of mobile, gaming, and traditional Hollywood spectacle — but people are still trying to discover how to author it. Some people take a more filmic approach, while others are designing game interactions — but it isn’t directly analogous to either medium. It’s a hybridization of the two, and that’s really mind-blowing. As people experiment, the storytelling will only evolve…and it’s going to impact everything.”
The Future Is Already In Our Pockets
In order to start experiencing VR, educating your teams, and building innovative stories for your brands — you need only to reach into your pocket, open your app store, and dig in. For a quick glimpse into some of VR’s possibilities, check out the review of some of our favorite, recent free VR apps; all it takes is a smartphone and a cardboard viewer, like our DODOcase VR. Our brand new pop-up viewer assembles in under 30 seconds, ships flat, can be ordered in bulk, and customized with your branding or imagery with just a few clicks.
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STRAFE successfully passes Kickstarter goal
Facebook is officially developing their apps for virtual reality
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Herbert S. Wander
Corporate Compliance Law
Corporate Governance Law...
Herbert S. Wander is co-chair of Katten's Corporate Governance practice and concentrates on all aspects of business law, especially corporate governance, securities law and mergers and acquisitions transactions. He is the chief legal architect for many major M&A transactions, both negotiated and hostile. Chambers USA notes that "Wander is viewed as an influential presence in the corporate community. He is 'very highly regarded' for his expertise in securities, corporate governance and M&A matters."
In December 2004, Herb was appointed by then Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Chairman William H. Donaldson as one of the co-chairs of the SEC’s Advisory Committee on Smaller Public Companies to examine the impact of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act on smaller public companies. The Advisory Committee published its Final Report in 2006 and many of its recommendations were implemented by the SEC and Congress. The SEC also invited Herb to be one of two lawyers to present at the SEC’s April 2001 Regulation FD Roundtable.
Herb also represents boards, independent directors and audit committees at numerous public companies. He serves as a director, chair of the compensation committee and audit committee member for non-client Telephone and Data Systems, Inc., a $3.2 billion public market cap telecommunications company, and served as a director and secretary of Advance Ross Corporation, a publicly held corporation, before its sale. He has served two terms as a member of the Legal Advisory Committee to the New York Stock Exchange Board of Governors and as a member of the Legal Advisory Committee to the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. In 2015, he was one of the founding trustees of the newly formed American College of Governance Counsel.
An accomplished lecturer, Herb frequently speaks at various business and legal organizations, including NIRI, the National Association of Corporate Directors, American Law Institute-American Bar Association, Practising Law Institute, including the annual Securities Regulation Institute, the Corporate Counsel Institute and Ray Garrett Jr. Corporate and Securities Law Institute at Northwestern University, Northwestern Law's annual Securities Regulation Institute in San Diego, many state and city bar associations and other professional and business organizations.
In addition, Herb has authored numerous articles and book reviews published in the Yale Law Journal, The Business Lawyer, the Southwestern Law Journal, the Northwestern University Law Review, the Review of Securities and Commodities Regulation, INSIGHTS and the New York Law Journal and served as co-editor of Selected Articles on Federal Securities Law, published by the Business Law Section of the American Bar Association (ABA). He served on the editorial board of the Yale Law Journal and authored two articles for that publication. He was the first editor of the Business Law Section’s magazine, Business Law Today, and served as editor of volume 49 of The Business Lawyer. Herb annually publishes a comprehensive article on "Securities Law Disclosure After Sarbanes-Oxley, Dodd Frank and the JOBS Act."
Herb served as chair of the ABA's 53,000-member Business Law Section from 1995–96 and continues to serve on numerous bar association committees. He is a past chair of the Business Law Section’s Corporate Laws Committee, which in 2007, under his leadership, published the influential Corporate Director’s Guidebook (5th Edition). Herb has served as president of the Jewish Federation of Metropolitan Chicago and the Jewish United Fund. He was appointed by the president of the ABA to serve as one of 12 members of the ABA Commission on Multidisciplinary Practice in 1998 and to serve as one of nine members on the ABA Task Force on Attorney-Client Privilege in 2004.
Named "Lawyer of the Year" by Best Lawyers for:
Securities Regulation, Chicago (2019)
Securities / Capital Markets Law, Chicago (2012)
Corporate Law, Chicago (2011)
Corporate Governance Law
Mergers and Acquisitions Law
Accountants' Liability
Director and Officer Liability
General Corporate
SEC Investigations
In the News: Illinois
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NEW AMERICAN STANDARD BIBLE®
A Corporation Not for Profit
http://www.lockman.org
Learn More About New American Standard Bible
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Baskets of Figs and the Returnees
1After Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon had carried away captive Jeconiah the son of Jehoiakim, king of Judah, and the officials of Judah with the craftsmen and smiths from Jerusalem and had brought them to Babylon, the Lord showed me: behold, two baskets of figs set before the temple of the Lord! 2One basket had very good figs, like first-ripe figs, and the other basket had very bad figs which could not be eaten due to rottenness. 3Then the Lord said to me, “What do you see, Jeremiah?” And I said, “Figs, the good figs, very good; and the bad figs, very bad, which cannot be eaten due to rottenness.”
4Then the word of the Lord came to me, saying, 5“Thus says the Lord God of Israel, ‘Like these good figs, so I will regard as good the captives of Judah, whom I have sent out of this place into the land of the Chaldeans. 6For I will set My eyes on them for good, and I will bring them again to this land; and I will build them up and not overthrow them, and I will plant them and not pluck them up. 7I will give them a heart to know Me, for I am the Lord; and they will be My people, and I will be their God, for they will return to Me with their whole heart.
8‘But like the bad figs which cannot be eaten due to rottenness—indeed, thus says the Lord—so I will abandon Zedekiah king of Judah and his officials, and the remnant of Jerusalem who remain in this land and the ones who dwell in the land of Egypt. 9I will make them a terror and an evil for all the kingdoms of the earth, as a reproach and a proverb, a taunt and a curse in all places where I will scatter them. 10I will send the sword, the famine and the pestilence upon them until they are destroyed from the land which I gave to them and their forefathers.’ ”
Explore Jeremiah 24 by Verse
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Biladd.com
Former Somali refugee inspires children with illustrated book
“I wish I was the queen of the jungle,” dreams little Nasra, the protagonist of the children’s book It Only Takes One Yes. As queen, she would then help the homeless, feed the hungry, and make books grow from trees so that everyone could read.
Yet what Nasra discovers is that she does not need to wait to make positive change. “It has always been in my heart,” she realizes. “Here and now is when I should start.”
The mind behind Nasra is Habso Mohamud, a 24-year-old former refugee from Somalia. Habso’s real life is very similar to Nasra’s fictional one, and she shares both stories with schoolchildren at readings across the United States.
Habso is clear on the message she wants to transmit: “Don’t give up on yourself and don’t give up on your dreams, no matter where you are or what circumstances in life that you might come across.”
“They didn’t make that choice to be a refugee.”
Habso herself had to overcome many obstacles. Growing up in Dadaab refugee camp, in Kenya, she had to walk 45 minutes to get to school every day. Even so, she would never miss a class, even when she had no money to buy food to make it through the day.
“The love of education really came from when I was in the refugee camp,” Habso explains. “I wouldn’t miss out on those opportunities even though they were far from my home.”
After being referred by UNHCR, the UN refugee agency, Habso, her parents and nine siblings were resettled in the United States in 2005. Despite growing levels of worldwide forced displacement, very few refugees get a chance to be resettled today – of the estimated 1.2 million refugees in need of resettlement in 2018, only 55,692 were actually resettled.
The family first landed in New York City in the middle of the summer. “I didn’t think we were actually in America,” she recalls. “I was like, ‘where is the snow?’” But she did get to enjoy – and endure – snow for many years, when the family eventually settled down in the northern state of Minnesota.
Adapting to a new context was not easy for 10-year-old Habso. She often felt anxious and depressed. “Memories from the refugee camp were coming back to me,” she says. Starting when she was 12 years old, Habso went to therapy for six years, even spending some periods in the hospital.
“I just wanted to be like every other kid,” she says. But speaking out about mental health was a stigma in her community.
By telling her story, Habso wants to challenge stereotypes about refugees and about mental health.
“We shouldn’t take [refugees] as a burden,” she says. “We should give them every opportunity that there is out there to make sure that they have another life, because they didn’t make that choice to be a refugee.”
“Don’t give up on yourself and don’t give up on your dreams.”
Habso’s commitment goes beyond the pages of her book. She makes sure she makes herself available to children on social media, email and in person to answer questions, encourage and support them.
Every time she does a reading, Habso ties a red bandana with white polka dots over her headscarf to match Nasra, the main character in her book.
Standing before a group of about 20 children aged 11 and 12 at a Washington area school on a recent wintry morning, Habso read out loud from a special extra-large hard-cover copy of the book, so the audience could better see its illustrations. A small girl with a blonde ponytail named Bridget listened intently from the front row.
On page seven, Habso stopped to ask a student to read some text out loud: “We are the agents of change.”
When Habso finished reading, the children wanted to know more about her life. What were the houses in the refugee camp made of? What was the hardest thing about living in a refugee camp? What’s your favorite thing about America?
After the reading was over, young Bridget shyly approached Habso, holding back her tears. Appearing unsure of what to say, she just embraced Habso in a massive hug.
Habso talked to the young girl and asked about her dreams. Bridget told her she wants to make inventions that help the environment as Habso inscribed a copy of It Only Takes One Yes for her: “To Bridget, You’re smart, you’re strong, and you can change the world. – Habso.”
Source: UNHCR
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Michael Trapido
Posted by: Michael Trapido
Posted on: 20 September 2011
Posted in: News/Politics
Malema misguided on judicial transformation
African National Congress Youth League president Julius Malema selected the decisions in his case before the equality court in Johannesburg and those of Robert McBride and Bees Roux to draw the conclusion that the South African judiciary has failed to transform since the end of apartheid.
This, like many of his other utterances, is not based in fact but rather on whatever emotional rant he believes will be most popular with the masses. In this case without a study of the judiciary as a whole, post-apartheid, Malema would be unable to make a meaningful assessment of the transformation or otherwise that it has undergone.
Transformation itself is an extremely difficult word to pin down in modern day South Africa as has been noted by Professor Pierre de Vos.
“Transformation” has become one of the most used but least examined words in our political discourse. It is a word often bandied about by people in a way that suggests a rather narrow understanding of the word — as if transformation is about replacing reactionary middle-aged white patriarchs with reactionary middle-aged black patriarchs. If this is what we mean by “transformation”, then we do not understand the word as it has been developed by the Constitutional Court and academics.
“We are then also demonstrating that we have a rather narrow and less than inspiring imagination and have little ambition to fundamentally change the nature of power relations in our country away from an authoritarian apartheid past to a more inclusive and egalitarian future.” ( Professor Pierre de Vos ).
Yet without defining what he means by transformation or basing his allegations on anything remotely resembling a scientific study Malema — citing the decisions in these three cases which he, with his superficial knowledge of the latter two described above, just happens to disagree with — concludes that the judiciary is racist.
The Cape Argus reported : “On Judge Colin Lamont’s ruling in the Johannesburg High Court on Monday that interdicted Malema and his supporters from singing ‘shoot the boer’, Malema said the judiciary was ‘racist’ and accused Judge Lamont of having his own agenda.
“Asked whether he thought the courts were racist, he said: ‘If not being transformed means it’s racist, then so be it. Once again we find ourselves subjected to white minority approval. Apartheid is being brought through the back door.’ ”
The word “racist” is defined as “someone who does not like or respect people who belong to races that are different from their own and who believes their race is better than others”. A good example of racism being “whites are criminals”. So as one of the worst offenders South Africa has produced post-apartheid, perhaps his knowledge of what is racist might flow from personal insight.
This does not however detract from the fact that as a populist leader these accusations need to be examined.
Previously we looked at Judge Colin Lamont’s decision on the singing of “shoot the boer” and the response thereto which was divided almost strictly along racial lines as a reading of the comments to my post on the subject clearly demonstrate.
Notwithstanding the reaction in the hate speech matter, let us look at the two other cases referred to by Malema — McBride and Roux — and see if this time we can leave our racism at the door and actually consider what we think is right or wrong and whether we agree with the courts approach to each.
Bees Roux
Jacobus Stephanus Roux was charged with the murder of Ntshimane Johannes Mogale in that in August 2010 he did (allegedly) unlawfully and intentionally kill a law enforcement officer. In addition a second count in that he (allegedly) drove a vehicle while under the influence of liquor and drugs.
Those are the charges faced by the Blue Bulls prop.
In terms of a plea in terms of section 105A of the Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1977 any agreement has to be signed off or confirmed by all the parties involved. In this case it includes advocate S Mahomed (senior state advocate), advocate George Baloyi (deputy director of public prosecutions) who received authority from Menzi Simelane (national director), advocate JP van der Westhuizen (state advocate), Roux, Rudi Krause of BDK Attorneys representing the accused, Eric Maluleka (investigating officer) and Margaret Mogale (deceased’s widow).
Accordingly, in this instance, the state was represented by some of its most senior personnel who examined the case in great detail before reaching the decision to enter into a plea bargain.
As opposed to this Malema, I would imagine, got his information from what he reads in the newspapers.
In accordance with the plea and sentence agreement and the plea explanation, which I have been through, it is not in dispute — between the state and the accused — that the accused was acting in self-defence at the time of the incident. In other words the case — if it was to be fought in court — would have to be argued over the question of whether Roux exceeded the bounds of private defence.
“Whenever private or self-defence is raised, the inquiry is twofold. The first leg of the inquiry is whether the requirements of private defence have been met. This entails the question whether the bounds of private defence were exceeded. The onus rests with the state to prove beyond reasonable doubt that the requirements or conditions for private defence did not exist or that the bounds of private defence have been exceeded. The test to be applied is an objective one. When the test of reasonableness and the conduct of the hypothetical reasonable person are applied, the court must put itself in the position of the accused at the time of the attack. If the state does not discharge this onus, the accused must be acquitted. On the other hand, if the state discharges the said onus, that is not the end of the matter and the second leg of the enquiry must be proceeded with. The second leg of the inquiry is then whether the state has proved beyond a reasonable doubt that the accused did not genuinely believe that he was acting in self-defence and that he was not exceeding the bounds of self-defence. The test is purely subjective and the reasonableness or otherwise of such belief whether or not it is based on or amounts to a mistake of fact or of law or both, is only relevant as one of the factors in the determination whether or not the accused held the aforesaid genuine belief.” (See Burchell and Hunt, South African Criminal Law and Procedure (supra) at (164-81 and 330-2); S v De Blom 1977 (3) SA 573 (AD).
In other words senior state lawyers, presented with the facts before them, who believed that this was a case of private defence would be running a substantial risk that the accused would be acquitted on the main count. As seen above the second leg is subjective leaving the state the difficult onus of proving beyond a reasonable doubt that the accused did not genuinely believe that he was acting in self-defence and that he was not exceeding the bounds of self-defence.
As opposed to that and on the table was the offer of a plea of guilty on both counts (save that it would be culpable homicide not murder) and substantial damages being paid to the widow of the deceased. The deal accordingly represents outstanding work done by the NPA.
Despite reports in the media regarding restorative justice, that is not the main concern in cases like these. If the state believes that it will be able to obtain a conviction of murder then there is no question of allowing parties to buy their way out of that predicament. The issue of restorative justice only comes into play where the state knows that it runs the real risk of losing the case and tries to get the best deal for the victims of the crime while obtaining a lesser conviction.
As seen above the prosecution comprised some of the most senior lawyers the country has and for Malema to call their decision racist is not only wrong, it’s dangerous.
Convicting and sentencing by popular demand, thankfully, does not form part of our law. That can be obtained, I would imagine, outside the Mogadishu High Court by those with the most powerful weapons. In this case Malema has insulted the state and the court without knowing the facts. We know this because Roux was not a decision of the court other than to sanction the plea bargain between state and accused, which it can reject if it believes it is unacceptable.
In terms of moral blameworthiness Roux has been severely punished for his deeds in that he may have exceeded the bounds of private defence.
Robert McBride
McBride is the former chief of the Metropolitan Police for the Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality.
As such, in a country that spends tens of millions on advertising campaigns to reduce the horrific drinking and driving death toll, his conduct has to be seen to be exemplary without any traffic-related convictions.
He is meant to be the metro police’s role model on traffic policing flowing from the position he holds.
Instead during December 2006 he attended a Christmas party where after, under the influence of alcohol according to witnesses, he was involved in a single car collision near Centurion.
What followed was a disgrace to both the Ekurhuleni metro police and McBride.
Members of their unit arrived at the scene — 40 km out of their jurisdiction — and allegedly assaulted witnesses and threatened to shoot them if they phoned the South African Police Service (SAPS). They took McBride away from the scene (a crime in itself) and someone took blood samples.
The three metro police officers involved in removing McBride were Patrick Johnston, Stanley Segathevan and Ithumeleng Koko, who initially supported him but then gave “damning statements” to the SAPS.
What followed was McBride trying to arrest Johnston at a petrol station, on the pretext that he was driving a car with tinted windows. Segathevan joined Johnston, and members of the Boksburg SAPS Task Force arrived at the scene. McBride is alleged to have abused the SAPS members. Johnston and Segathevan were arrested by the Ekurhuleni metro police, but Henk Strydom, Boksburg’s senior public prosecutor, declined to prosecute.
Johnston and Segathevan obtained a court interdict to protect them from McBride and the Ekurhuleni Metro Police Department claiming that McBride had made death threats against them.
McBride was charged with drunken driving, fraud and defeating the ends of justice following the car accident, In his defence he produced a medical certificate stating that he was suffering from hypoglycaemia (low blood sugar). The doctor who gave him the certificate faces charges of fraud and defeating the ends of justice with regard to the issuing of it.
In April McBride was convicted of drunken driving and defeating the ends of justice.
He was sentenced to five years’ imprisonment for defeating the ends of justice, and two years for drunken driving. The drunken driving sentence was suspended for five years and his driver’s licence for 18 months.
Perhaps Malema, between his disciplinary hearings for insulting President Jacob Zuma, can explain to us what is racist about the decision handed down.
In terms of moral blameworthiness we have a metro police chief who should be a role model for the government’s “arrive alive” campaign being convicted of drunken driving. Worse he then tries to circumvent the law he is meant to uphold, using police resources to do it, and is accused of issuing death threats against witnesses.
What sentence would the youth league president suggest?
McBride, in those circumstances, is extremely fortunate to have received the sentence he did. If part of sentencing is to provide a deterrent then he has gotten off extremely lightly. The crime (cause of untold road deaths), the criminal (head of traffic police) and interests of society (massive interest in bringing this crime under control) suggests a far stiffer sentence. The magistrate clearly did not forget to temper this one with mercy.
Accordingly I would be interested to know why the judgements concerned show lack of transformation or are considered racist.
Transformation, to me, means that blacks should form the majority of our state and court officials while all should be equal before the law. In terms of the former I would be surprised to learn that it were otherwise so kudos to the judiciary there, while in the case of the latter there may be a problem. In this regard the elite — not the whites, pop down to court or read a newspaper — seem to be getting a better deal than the man and woman in the street.
That however is another story.
Mogoeng Mogoeng – SA Judiciary cartoon
Tags: African National Congress Youth League, Bees Roux, hate speech, Jacob Zuma, Johannesburg, Julius Malema, Robert McBride, South Africa
Only 26 475 people voted ANC — that’s not even one seat
Stagflation
The Depo-Testosterone stock out must never repeat itself
Mike Trapido is a criminal attorney and publicist having also worked as an editor and journalist. He was born in Johannesburg and attended HA Jack and Highlands North High Schools. He married Robyn in 1984 (Mrs Traps, aka "the government") and has three sons (who all look suspiciously like her ex-boss). He was a counsellor on the JCCI for a year around 1992. His passions include Derby County, Blue Bulls, Orlando Pirates, Proteas and Springboks. He takes Valium in order to cope with Bafana Bafana's results. Practice Michael Trapido Attorney (civil and criminal) 011 022 7332 Facebook
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35 Years of Mass Shootings in the U.S. in One Chart
By Chris Wilson
Updated: November 5, 2017 8:06 PM ET | Originally published: October 2, 2017
Update, Nov. 5, 2017: This post has been updated to include the mass shooting in Sutherland, Texas and several intermediate acts.
An outdoor country music festival descended into chaos and bloodshed in Las Vegas Sunday night when a gunman opened fire from the 32nd floor of a nearby hotel, killing at least 58 people and wounding more than 500 according to early reports. The mass shooting is the deadliest in modern U.S. history.
It is also far from the first mass shooting in the U.S. A database compiled by Mother Jones going back to 1982 counts 91 such incidents in which at least three people were killed, not including the gunman. In that time, 722 people have been killed and 1,177 wounded, based on the current counts from Las Vegas. The following chart visualizes each mass shooting in terms of deaths and injuries.
As Mother Jones‘ Mark Follman notes, the actual number of fatalities is probably higher. A 2013 federal mandate authorized by President Obama lowered the definition of a mass shooting down from four victims to three, which led to more of these shootings being tracked, but there may be earlier ones that are not included. The chart also does not include the thousands of killings each year in which there were fewer than three fatalities.
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Keith Urban Preps New Album and Hopes to Keep His 'Idol' Job
By Nicole Pajer, Los Angeles | May 17, 2013 11:00 AM EDT
Contestant Kree Harrison, Keith Urban and Randy Jackson perform onstage at FOX's 'American Idol' Season 12 Live Finale Show in Los Angeles, California.
FOX via Getty Images
Keith Urban has a good feeling about "Little Bit of Everything," a new single he performed during last night's "American Idol" finale."
"I love the feeling of it, the lyrics and the groove," he noted in a chat with reporters on Wednesday. "It really fit and I'm glad we got to do it."
Urban says "Little Bit" will be the first single of his next album, which he hopes will be out later this year.
"It's hard to know what it is [yet] because it's a process of recording a lot of different things and then the songs start to come together…" he said. "That's been my experience -- they sort of form the body of work that constitutes an album. Songs that I may have done over here that I think, 'Oh this is definitely it,' then some new songs come along that make the other ones sort of fall away."
When asked if he'd like to return as an "Idol" judge next year, Urban quickly replied yes.
"I literally enjoy coming to work every day and that's a rarity," he explained. He raved about his involvement in the show, labeling his judging style as being "part record producer, part A&R person and an artist as well."
"For me it's just about seeing things about [the contestants] that are tiny little bits that they need to get rid of because they get in the way of their true talent. They are just little bad habits when you're starting out. You chip away all the stuff in the beginning. In a lot of ways it's just picking up on those things that I probably had when I was about that age as well."
Artists in this Article
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Billboard Bits: Bruno Mars Joins MTV VMAs Lineup, Kanye West Slips Onstage
Billboard Bits serves up the best bite-sized nuggets of music news and gossip.
Bruno Mars Added to MTV Video Music Awards
Bruno Mars is the latest artist to join the lineup of performers at the MTV Video Music Awards, following previously announced artists Chris Brown, Adele, Lil Wayne and Young the Giant. Meanwhile, Odd Future, Rick Ross and Selena Gomez are among the musical stars presenting at the Aug. 28 ceremony.
Kanye West Slips Onstage in Norway
"Watch The Throne"? More like "Watch Your Step"! Kanye West slipped onstage on Tuesday night while performing his hit "All of the Lights" in Norway. Check out the video below (via Buzzfeed):
Slash Confirms Mary J. Blige Collaboration
Former Guns N' Roses guitarist Slash has revealed that he is collaborating with R&B queen Mary J. Blige on a new track, possibly for her upcoming album, "My Life II: The Journey Continues." "Just finished a session w/Mike Clink engineering on a track w/Mary j Blige. Sounds killer!" he posted on Twitter. (@slash)
Ryan Adams Announces 'Ashes & Fire' Album
Singer/songwriter Ryan Adams will release a new full-length, "Ashes & Fire," on Oct. 11. The album features guest spots by Norah Jones and Tom Petty & the Heartbreakers keyboardist Benmont Tench. According to a press release, Adams is planning a solo acoustic tour of the Pacific Northwest and California for the fall.
Former Deep Purple Keyboardist Suffering from Cancer
Jon Lord, a founding member of Deep Purple, has announced that he is suffering from cancer, although he did not specify what type of cancer or its severity. "I would like all my friends, followers, fans and fellow travelers to know that I am fighting cancer and will therefore be taking a break from performing while getting the treatment and cure," the 70-year-old musician wrote on his blog. ( Noisecreep)
Sigur Ros Post Mysterious 'INNI' Video
Icelandic post-rockers Sigur Ros have not released an album since 2008, but a mysterious new video posted the group's website hints that a return is imminent. The clip features performance footage as well as the word "INNI." (Sigur Ros Official Website)
(Reporting by Jason Lipshutz)
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Do tell . . . Dem congressman says we can learn from Cuban people
March 22, 2016 | Michael Dorstewitz | Print Article
During an interview Monday, Rep. Peter Welch dismissed concerns that the United States is giving everything while getting nothing in return with regards to Cuba, saying we can learn a lot from the Cuban people.
Like what? How to repair the transmission on a 1954 Chevy? How to live on $20 a month?
The Vermont Democrat, who’s a member of the congressional delegation accompanying President Obama on his three-day Cuban trip, made his comments to MSNBC’s Chris Jansing.
“But you understand, there’s an overriding concern, both here with people I’ve talked to, and of course, many Cuban-Americans, they lived the horror their families often escaped, their families lost property or were jailed,” Jansing said to Welch and fellow Democrat and delegation member Rep. Gregory Meeks of New York.
Jansing added that the horrors of the Cuban dictatorship are still going on unabated.
“We still see it now. We saw what happened yesterday when dozens of people who were protesting peacefully, members of a group that do this every week. They thought well maybe they would get a pass this week just to say to President Obama, ‘OK, we understand,’ but look, you can see these pictures of what happened here and you understand the hesitation of people that they believe that we are giving economic opportunity, but not getting much in return, in terms of human rights, freedom of speech, the things that have been missing here,” Jansing said.
Welch acknowledged these concerns.
“Right, and they’re right to criticize because it’s an oppressive political system,” Welch said. “The question is whether embargo or engagement has the better prospect of helping the Cuban people.”
But he added that we’re getting something else in return.
“By the way, there’s another point here that I think a lot of us are seeing: We can learn some things from the Cuban people. They live under very difficult circumstances without the political rights we enjoy, but they’ve got–everybody reads, they’ve got 100 percent, just about, literacy rate, they’ve got access to health care, their longevity is as long as it is in the United States, maybe a little longer,” Welch said. “So, we’re here in the hopes that we can bring something, but there’s some things we might be able to learn from the Cuban people.”
Watch the MSNBC interview via The Washington Free Beacon.
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Entering The Public Square
http://www.enteringthepublicsquare.com/welcome
Where Is Tolkien's Faith?
Tags: tolkien faith journals
I recently read a movie review for the biopic Tolkien written by my former professor Dr. Michael Ward. I have to admit that when I saw that this movie was going to be released, I was really excited. He is a fascinating historical figure, and I was hoping that the film could do him justice. That said, Dr. Ward’s review has me highly concerned, and there is one thing that I have noticed in my time studying Tolkien that seems to becoming more and more common yet remains problematic.
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“This handsome, earnest, yet overstuffed and poorly paced film deviates frequently from the historical record. Most seriously, it ignores Tolkien’s devout Christian faith: there is no indication that he served Mass daily as a boy or ever even entered a Catholic church. His punch-ups with Wiseman and drunken night-time profanities are, in comparison, unimportant inventions.”
Modern Tolkien scholarship has very little place for seriously understanding his devout Catholic faith. Even just reading the edited collection of his letters that was compiled by Humphrey Carpenter, you cannot help but notice that he was a very devout believer, and there is no way to deny that his faith impacted his writing. Even if you are so blind as to not even see the Christian worldview present in Middle-earth, it is simply unreasonable to fail to mention his faith as one of the most formative influences in his life as a matter of biographical note.
That raises the question as to why this seems to be the case. No one has to endorse his Catholicism. No one has to say that he was right in his beliefs. However, it seems that there is some type of intentional plan to disregard this element of his life. I recently took a class specifically on Tolkien, and we spent a lot of time reading the recent academic literature on Tolkien in Journals whose purpose is to study his writing specifically. Very few articles analyzed or mentioned his religious beliefs. That seems highly problematic to me.
The main problem is that when people are very religious, that religious perspective influences the way that they view the world. For Tolkien, he did not set out to write an allegory. He was very clear about that. However, the thoughts that came into his head were largely Christian thoughts. As he was sub-creating this world, when he began to think about what might happen or how the world should work, it simply makes sense that his world would be influenced by his own thoughts. We know that as a devoutly religious man, his thoughts would also be influenced by his faith. Therefore, it makes a lot of sense that his writing would be influenced by his faith, but no one talks about it. If they do mention it, it is largely as a side note rather than as a central theme that deserves a great deal of consideration.
I still haven’t really addressed why this willful ignorance matters. Why don’t people want to engage with Tolkien, the complete man, instead of Tolkien, sans religion?
It seems to be the case that Tolkien, the complete man, makes people uncomfortable. His stories seem to be so true and consistent with human nature. He has understandings of heroism, death, immortality, time, suffering and so many other topics that are remarkably perceptive. Very few people deny that if they are serious scholars. Most people realize that his stories are certainly fantastical but do not feel inconsistent with the way the world is.
As a result, scholars, realizing this, have to figure out why Tolkien’s understanding of the world seems to be so accurate. However, they cannot follow the simple process I outlined above. They cannot say that his faith is what led him to write stories that seem so true. If they acknowledged that, then the inevitable conclusion would be that Christianity put forward a belief system that makes sense of the world around us.
That’s where the current faith commitments, or lack thereof, of the modern academy do Tolkien a great disservice. Rather than acknowledge the simple fact that he was devoutly Catholic, he wrote stories that seemed highly consistent with human nature, and they very well might be a connection between those two facts, they go to whatever lengths they can to find alternative explanations. After all, it cannot be the case that someone who views the world from a biblical worldview actually has an accurate understanding according to the secular academy. There is a prior commitment to not believing in the truth of Christianity, so even if it is a possible explanation, and perhaps probable explanation, to explaining why Tolkien wrote what he wrote, they cannot acknowledge that fact without undercutting their own assumptions.
I know that I may sound like some type of conspiracy theorist here. You may say that academic freedom dictates that truth will be followed wherever it leads. I would agree that that is perhaps the ideal of the academy, but particularly in the case of Tolkien, that just does not seem to be the case. There are obviously Christian scholars who study Tolkien, and there are certain outlets for people who want to present a more comprehensive picture of the man himself, complete with his religious convictions. However, by and large, unless these are Christian outlets in the first place that are obviously sympathetic to this dimension of his life, it just doesn’t seem to be the case that secular Tolkien outlets are even interested in acknowledging the important role that is religion inevitably placed in his writing. These are simply the facts of the situation, and as much as the journals would probably deny everything I’m saying, just go look through their tables of contents. You are going to find evidence supporting what I am saying.
Is there a way to address this problem? I’m not really sure. I see two potential options, but neither one is particularly probable. First, secular outlets could broaden their horizons and be willing to discuss his religious persuasions. That is probably the easiest option. The institutions and respected journals in the field are already in place, so it would make a lot more sense for them to just accept a different interpretation of Tolkien, the man, than perhaps their philosophical assumptions are willing to accept. I say this is the easier alternative, but changing philosophical assumptions is probably unlikely.
The second option is that there needs to be the development of new institutions. If these publications become respected and influential, then those who would formerly submit to secular journals would publish in these new, more comprehensive projects. The field could gravitate away from journals that have problematic philosophical assumptions that interfere with academic freedom and gravitate towards newly formed journals that are willing to consider a broader array of questions.
In either scenario, this is sad news about the most recent Tolkien movie. It is a shame that a highly formative portion of Tolkien’s life is largely ignored in a movie that is supposed to tell us about his life. It is really hard to do justice to his story without recognizing that reality. It would be the equivalent of trying to tell his story while leaving out the massive impact that World War I had on his creative endeavors. No one denies that, and no one should deny the equally important role that his faith played in his work.
This post first appeared on Entering The Public Square, please read the originial post: here
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Four People Told The Senate That Christine Blasey Ford Told Them She Was Sexually Assaulted In High School
Meanwhile, senators released Supreme Court nominee Brett Kavanaugh's calendars from the summer of 1982. The judge claims the calendars help him prove that he didn't sexually assault Ford.
By Mary Ann Georgantopoulos and Blake Montgomery
Mary Ann Georgantopoulos BuzzFeed News Reporter Blake Montgomery BuzzFeed News Reporter
Last updated on September 26, 2018, at 5:21 p.m. ET
Posted on September 26, 2018, at 8:18 a.m. ET
Saul Loeb / AFP / Getty Images
Four people submitted sworn affidavits to the Senate Judiciary Committee saying Christine Blasey Ford, who says Supreme Court nominee Brett Kavanaugh sexually assaulted her in high school, previously told them about the incident.
Ford's lawyers submitted the documents — an affidavit from Ford's husband and three from her friends — Tuesday night to the committee.
A committee hearing is set for Thursday to hear the testimony of Ford, now a professor at Palo Alto University, who has said Kavanaugh sexually assaulted her at a high school party when he was 17 and she was 15.
On Wednesday, Ford's attorneys released the results of a polygraph test she took in August 2018 showing that the probability she had lied was low. During the examination, she recounted the story of the high school party and Kavanaugh's alleged assault, according to the document. Through multiple statistical analyses, the examiner found that her remarks "not indicative of deception."
In her prepared remarks for Thursday's hearing, which were obtained by BuzzFeed News on Wednesday, Ford wrote that she and her family had been the target of harassment and death threats, and had been living in "various secure locales" since Sept. 16. Responding to claims that she was came foward for political reasons, she wrote, "I am a fiercely independent person and I am no one’s pawn."
"My motivation in coming forward was to provide the facts about how Mr. Kavanaugh’s actions have damaged my life, so that you can take that into serious consideration as you make your decision about how to proceed. It is not my responsibility to determine whether Mr. Kavanaugh deserves to sit on the Supreme Court. My responsibility is to tell the truth," Ford wrote.
Meanwhile, Deborah Ramirez, who attended Yale University with Kavanaugh in the 1980s, told the New Yorker in a piece published Sunday that Kavanaugh exposed his penis to her at a college dormitory party when he was 18 years old.
Ramirez's lawyers sent a letter to the FBI formally requesting an investigation into her allegations as part of Kavanaugh's background investigation Wednesday.
Her lawyers also sent an email to committee requesting an FBI investigation.
The letter also indicates that Ramirez is willing to cooperate with the committee, but that committee staff have refused to speak to her counsel. Instead, the letter states, staff has insisted Ramirez "provide her evidence," first.
"Respectfully, that demand misunderstands the process," attorney William Pittard wrote. "Ms. Ramirez has not conducted an investigation to gather materials that she now somehow can present, gift-wrapped, to the committee."
Iowa Senator Chuck Grassley, the Republican chair of the Senate Judiciary Committee, tweeted Wednesday afternoon that 20 committee investigators were speaking to witnesses and gathering evidence related to the allegations alongside federal law enforcement agents.
Kavanaugh has denied he sexually assaulted anyone. In his prepared testimony, which was released by the committee on Wednesday, Kavanaugh said he was not perfect in high school, and "drank beer with my friends, usually on weekends."
"In retrospect, I said and did things in high school that make me cringe now," he stated. "But that’s not why we are here today. What I’ve been accused of is far more serious than juvenile misbehavior. I never did anything remotely resembling what Dr. Ford describes."
He also denied Ford's allegations "immediately, unequivocally, and categorically," adding that he has never sexually assaulted anyone.
"The allegation of misconduct is completely inconsistent with the rest of my
life," he said. "The record of my life, from my days in grade school through the present day, shows that I have always promoted the equality and dignity of women."
Kavanaugh's representatives previously said he has 1982 calendars from his time in high school that don't mention the party in question, and those calendars are now public.
The entries depict an activity-filled summer of camp, beach trips, hangouts with friends, and parties.
The calendar includes mundane details, such as doctors appointments, workout sessions, haircuts, and when he was grounded, as well as outings with friends to watch Rocky III and a trip to New York with his mom and dad.
The calendar lists a few parties that summer, including a “Holy Child” party on May 1, one on May 22 where he wrote “Timmy’s party beach,” another on June 25, “Go to party at boathouse with JC, Squi + Donny,” as well as “Anne Dougherty’s Party” on July 4.
Ford has said that she doesn’t remember the specific date and location of the party where the alleged assault occurred, but that she believes it was in the summer of 1982 and that she was wearing a swimsuit underneath clothes.
Kavanaugh’s lawyers argued that the calendar does not show a party consistent with what Ford described, according to the New York Times, adding that the entries don’t disprove her allegations as there may have been a party Kavanaugh didn’t write down.
In the affidavits released by Ford on Wednesday, each individual recounts when and where they were when Ford disclosed that she had been allegedly sexually assaulted by Kavanaugh.
Russell Ford, the professor's husband, said that details of the alleged assault first surfaced during a couples therapy session in 2012.
“She said that in high school she had been trapped in a room and physically restrained by one boy who was molesting her while another boy watched,” Russell Ford wrote. “She said she was eventually able to escape before she was raped, but that the experience was very traumatic because she felt like she had no control and was physically dominated.”
He later stated that his wife identified the alleged assailant as Brett Kavanaugh, adding that he remembers her saying “he was a successful lawyer who had grown up in Christine's home town, and that he was well-known in the Washington, DC community.”
Her husband went on to say that Ford was very conflicted about whether to share her story publicly, but that “in the end, she believed her civic duty required her to speak out.”
Keith Koegler, a close friend of Ford and her husband, also submitted a sworn affidavit saying he first learned of the alleged sexual assault in the summer of 2016.
While discussing the case of Brock Turner, the former Stanford student who was convicted of sexually assaulting a woman behind a dumpster in 2015 and was later sentenced by a judge to six months in jail, Koegler said Ford told him she was assaulted in high school by a man who was now a federal judge in Washington, DC.
The subject was brought up again in June, after Justice Anthony Kennedy announced his retirement from the Supreme Court.
Protesters rally in front of the Supreme Court this week.
On June 29, Koegler said Ford sent him an email saying the person who assaulted her in high school was the president's “favorite for SCOTUS.”
“I remember you telling me about him, but don't remember his name. Do you mind telling me so I can read about him,” Koegler said he responded.
“Brett Kavanaugh,” Ford replied, according to the affidavit.
Rebecca White, a friend of Ford's who is also her neighbor, said that Ford first told her about the alleged assault in 2017, after she read a social media post White wrote detailing her own experience with sexual assault.
“I was walking my dog and Christine was outside of her house,” she wrote. “I stopped to speak with her. ... She then told me that when she was a young teen, she had been sexually assaulted by an older teen. I remember her saying that her assailant was now a federal judge.”
Another longtime friend of Ford's, Adela Gildo-Mazzon, submitted an affidavit saying Ford told her about the alleged assault in June 2013 at a restaurant in Mountain View, California.
Gildo-Mazzon says she has a receipt from the restaurant for that day.
A sex crimes prosecutor from Arizona, Rachel Mitchell, will ask Ford questions on behalf of Republicans at Thursday's hearing. Mitchell is on leave as chief of the special victims division in the Maricopa County Attorney's Office and has decades of experience as a prosecutor.
Meanwhile, President Trump — who has called Ford's allegations a fabrication — said at the United Nations on Wednesday that he would have preferred if Kavanaugh had been voted into office last week so that people “wouldn't be talking about” the sexual assault allegations against him.
He added that Republicans “could not be more respectful to the woman.”
Trump went on to call Kavanaugh — who has been accused of sexual impropriety by three women — “a gem. He's an absolute gem.”
Kavanaugh's calendar
Read the affidavits
Read Ford's polygraph results
Christine Blasey Ford Polygraph Results (PDF)
Christine Blasey Ford Polygraph Results (Text)
Sep. 26, 2018, at 14:07 PM
Rachel Mitchell's name was misspelled in an earlier version of this post.
Mary Ann Georgantopoulos is a reporter for BuzzFeed News and is based in New York.
Contact Mary Ann Georgantopoulos at maryann.georgantopoulos@buzzfeed.com.
Blake Montgomery is a reporter for BuzzFeed News and is based in San Francisco.
Contact Blake Montgomery at blake.montgomery@buzzfeed.com.
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2017-12-03T08:10:16-05:00https://images.c-span.org/Files/e20/20171203081210002_hd.jpgSteve Villano recalled working for New York Governor Mario Cuomo, while his brother, Michael Villano, was associated with John Gotti, head of the Gambino Crime Family.
Steve Villano recalled working for New York Governor Mario Cuomo, while his brother, Michael Villano, was associated with John Gotti, head of the Gambino Crime Family.
Filter by Speaker All Speakers Joanne Detore-Nakamura Steve Villano
Joanne Detore-Nakamura Associate Professor Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach->Humanities and Communications
Steve Villano Author
National Italian American FoundationNational Italian American Foundation
Dec 03, 2017 | 8:10am EST | C-SPAN 2
Feb 11, 2018 | 2:45pm EST | C-SPAN 2
Dec 03, 2017 | 11:31pm EST | C-SPAN 2
Dec 23, 2017 | 10:00am EST | C-SPAN 2
See all on Book TV Crime New York
Mayor Yepsen on Saratoga Springs, New York
Mayor Joanne Yepsen talked about the history and politics of Saratoga Springs, New York. C-SPAN’s Local Content Vehicles (LCVs)…
New York State of the State Address
New York Governor Andrew Cuomo (D) delivered his 2019 State of the State address from the state capital of Albany.…
The Free Speech Century
Columbia University President Lee Bollinger and First Amendment scholar Geoffrey Stone examined the evolution of free speech…
New York Governor Andrew Cuomo (D) delivered his annual state of the state address from the Empire State Plaza…
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Corpus Christi-area obituaries: 05.18.2018
Corpus Christi-area obituaries: 05.18.2018 The news department publishes Corpus Christi-area obituaries free of charge on a space-available basis as a service to Caller-Times readers. Check out this story on caller.com: https://callertim.es/2rSnQBD
Corpus Christi Published 3:00 a.m. CT May 18, 2018
Betty Bailey Weaver
Betty Bailey Weaver died May 12, 2018. She was 76.
Private graveside services will be on May 19.
Maxwell P. Dunne Funeral Service Inc.
Pauline L. Baker
Pauline Lorene Baker died May 15, 2018. She was 84.
Services will be at 11 a.m. May 21 at Colonial Funeral Home, Taft. Burial will follow in Coastal Bend State Veterans Cemetery.
Shirley V. Bodnar
PORTLAND — Shirley V. Bodnar died May 12, 2018. She was 77.
Memorial services will be at 10 a.m. June 2 at First Baptist Church.
Resthaven Funeral Home, Sinton
Alma L. Carver
Alma Lee Carver died May 11, 2018. She was 78.
Services were May 17 at Weber Road Church of Christ. Burial followed in Old Helena Cemetery, Helena.
John S. Crouch
BEEVILLE — John S. Crouch died May 12, 2018. He was 53.
Services will be at 2 p.m. May 18 at Galloway & Sons Funeral Home Chapel.
Herminia S. Del Bosque
BEEVILLE — Herminia “Minnie” S. Del Bosque died May 15, 2018. She was 79.
Rosary will be recited at 7 p.m. May 18 at Oak Park Memorial Funeral Chapel. Mass will be celebrated at 10 a.m. May 19 at St. James Catholic Church. Burial will follow in Our Lady of Victory Cemetery #2.
Michael H. McGennis
Michael Harry McGennis died May 15, 2018. He was 63.
No services are planned.
Corpus Christi Funeral Home
Guadalupe Rios
BEEVILLE — Guadalupe "Lupe" Rios died May 14, 2018. She was 93.
Rosary will be recited at 7 p.m. May 18 at Galloway & Sons Funeral Home. Mass will be celebrated at 10 a.m. May 19 at Our Lady of Victory Catholic Church. Burial will follow in Beeville Memorial Park.
Benina Sanchez Medina
Benina Sanchez Medina died May 17, 2018. She was 83.
Rosary will be recited at 7 p.m. May 21 at Memory Gardens Funeral Home. Services will be at 10 a.m. May 22 at Memory Gardens Funeral Home. Burial will follow in Memory Gardens Cemetery.
Pedro J. Tobar Jr.
SINTON — Pedro J. Tobar Jr. died May 6, 2018. He was 74.
Rosary will be recited at 7 p.m. May 18 at Resthaven Funeral Home Chapel. Burial will be private.
Franceska R. A. Villegas
SINTON — Franceska Rae Ann Villegas died May 15, 2018. She was 1.
Rosary will be recited at 7 p.m. May 20 at Resthaven Funeral Home Chapel, Sinton. Mass will be celebrated at 10 a.m. May 21 at Our Lady of Guadalupe Church. Burial will follow in Eternal Rest Cemetery.
Read or Share this story: https://callertim.es/2rSnQBD
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The Political Economy of the United Nations Security Council
Money and Influence
James Raymond Vreeland, Princeton University, New Jersey
Axel Dreher, Universität Heidelberg
Trades of money for political influence persist at every level of government. Not surprisingly, governments themselves trade money for political support on the international stage. Strange, however, is the tale of this book. For, in this study, legitimacy stands as the central political commodity at stake. The book investigates the ways governments trade money for favors at the United Nations Security Council - the body endowed with the international legal authority to legitimize the use of armed force to maintain or restore peace. With a wealth of quantitative data, the book shows that powerful countries, such as the United States, Japan, and Germany, extend financial favors to the elected members of the Security Council through direct foreign aid and through international organizations, such as the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. In return, developing countries serving on the Security Council must deliver their political support … or face the consequences.
Shows that the UNSC is not immune to the machinations of Realpolitik
Provides a rigorous analysis of quantitative data that suggests that governments trade financial favors for political support at the UNSC
Demonstrates that foreign aid often goes to strategically important countries in return for political favors
Honourable Mention, 2015 William H. Riker Book Award, Political Economy Section, American Political Science Association
'Vreeland and Dreher provocatively but convincingly demonstrate that United Nations Security Council votes can and are bought through increased foreign aid. Great powers want the United Nations to approve and legitimate their actions; minor countries care more about development or regime stability than the intricacies of high-stakes diplomacy. In often subtle, implicit, and difficult-to-trace ways, UNSC votes are traded for aid, and vice versa, undermining the efficacy of aid in general. This is a fascinating 'whodunit' with at least some of the suspense of a good murder mystery. Vreeland and Dreher pull back the curtain on an unseemly but perhaps necessary side of international diplomacy.' David A. Lake, Jerri-Ann and Gary E. Jacobs Professor of Social Sciences and Distinguished Professor of Political Science, University of California, San Diego
'This book offers a novel view of the UN. It shows how power matters in world politics and how states can use international organizations to advance their own foreign policy goals. It advances a clear and precise story about national influence in global governance. Countries trade favors in the forum of the UN to gain legitimacy for their policies. The book ends by addressing a number of creative proposals for reform of the UN. It is an important and careful study of influence in world politics.' Helen Milner, Princeton University
'Scholars of foreign policy, take note! In this provocative and exceptionally well-researched book, Vreeland and Dreher make a convincing case that governments of powerful countries routinely allocate their foreign aid budgets in a manner akin to horse trading: poor countries that vote in line with their richer counterparts in the UN Security Council are subsequently rewarded with greater aid from the World Bank, the IMF, and directly from the United States and other rich countries. The book is exemplary in bridging the politics of international security, the economics of development, and the dark underbelly of international organizations.' David A. Singer, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
'Vreeland and Dreher have written a remarkable book. That the United States trades resources for votes at the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is at once hardly surprising and shocking in its depth and significance … This is an epic contribution to our knowledge of the inner workings of the UNSC; it will undoubtedly become an essential read in the political economy of international organizations.' B. Peter Rosendorff, New York University
'An impeccably executed study that neatly combines sophisticated statistical analysis with probing interviews of the major players. Vreeland and Dreher's book will immediately be regarded as the authoritative source on the subject.' Ronald Rogowski, University of California, Los Angeles
'This book is one of those instances where the focus of the study is not on which aspect of power is more important but on how one mechanism of power is used to generate more power in a different area. Vreeland and Dreher's examination is thorough, thought provoking, and rigorous. It will appeal to those interested in foreign aid, international organizations, the UN Security Council and international politics more generally.' Clayton J. Cleveland, Academic Council on the United Nations Systems
contains: 27 b/w illus. 19 tables
1. Money and politics on the international stage
2. A theory of trading Security Council votes for aid
3. Examples of punishments, threats, and rewards
4. Who wins election to represent the world?
5. Statistical evidence of trading finance for favors
6. Consequences of politically motivated foreign aid
7. Reforming the security council?
James Raymond Vreeland is Professor of International Relations at Georgetown University's School of Foreign Service and holds a joint appointment in the Department of Government.
Axel Dreher is Professor of International and Development Politics at Heidelberg University.
The Evolution and Legitimacy of International Security Institutions
The Legitimacy of International Human Rights Regimes
Legal, Political and Philosophical Perspectives
Humanitarian Occupation
also by this author
The IMF and Economic Development
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Are we there yet? DNA's president urges agencies to invest more in mentorship
by Campaign Staff March 19, 2019
Every week, we ask industry insiders across all job levels and titles to share personal stories about equality, diversity and inclusion in adland. We know we're not there yet, but we want to document the highs and lows as the industry slowly transforms for the better.
Chris Witherspoon
President and chief growth officer
Tell us about one thing that’s happened recently that leads you to believe there’s still a problem.
The lack of senior women creative leaders in our industry is definitely still a problem. I know this first hand, because we spent a year trying to hire a senior female creative director and in the end we did not succeed. One full year.
We did get close, but we were stymied by the call of freelance and the allure of Seattle’s hot tech companies.
While we have been successful in recruiting mid-level female creative talent that we believe represents the next generation of leaders, these young women need to be able to look around the room and see role models that they can relate to.
How about something that proves we’re making progress?
My daughter was in the 4A’s Multicultural Advertising Intern Program (MAIP) this year and was given an inside look at an industry in the midst of change. She was given agency tours at many of the industry’s biggest agencies and also at some independents. She particularly loved one independent agency in Chicago because they talked about controlling their own destiny and to her that had a lot more appeal than the larger agencies.
She also discovered that her background and experience was a real door opener to her next opportunity. She is in the unique position of being able to decide where she wants to go next. I think that’s great news for women of color and people of color.
What else needs to be done to get there?
Though the agencies are doing a solid job of attracting diversity at junior levels, we still are not seeing enough women and people of color getting promoted into senior roles. This is important because if we want to have a more diverse industry, diverse groups will need to see there are opportunities for career growth.
To get there, companies will need to invest more resources in training and mentoring. However, having leaders who they can relate to – people who share similar experiences – is going to be really important. This is a real industry-wide challenge.
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Alarm clock prototype
January 20, 2018 By Øyvind Nydal Dahl 1 Comment
Yesterday I finished up the first version of the code.
It’s an alarm clock.
At least that was the original idea.
But now that it’s here, my friends at the office are finding lots of uses for it…
Like a thermometer and timer for a PCB-etching device.
Here’s an image of it:
https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/alarm-clock-tutorial-device1.jpg
Like with most first prototypes, there were some errors.
Mostly due to me not taking the time to double-check things…
…but it was very educational!
Tomorrow I’m doing a PCB design course at Bitraf in Oslo, where we’ll go through how to design it.
Then in a week, we’ll follow up on how to solder it.
It’s fully booked, but we’ll do more of it in the future.
And all the Ohmify-students will get access to an online version soon.
Learn more about Ohmify here:
https://ohmify.com/join/
Oyvind @ build-electronic-circuits.com
Dominic says
Enjoying the topic.
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San Francisco is spending $70,000 to rebrand its financial center as a hipster enclave
Melia Robinson
Jun. 6, 2017, 12:26 PM
The view from Salesforce Tower.
Melia Robinson/Business Insider
San Francisco realtors need no help offloading homes in one of the most competitive housing markets in America.
Still, a local effort is rebranding an area of San Francisco that contains the city's tallest and most expensive buildings, in an effort to create buzz around the neighborhood.
A financial hub that includes Rincon Hill, South Beach, and parts of the Transbay District is now called "The East Cut," a community organizing group announced in May.
The Greater Rincon Hill Community Benefit District (now called the East Cut Community Benefit District) spent a reported $68,000 generated from taxes on local property owners to come up with the new identity and market it, according to The San Francisco Chronicle. In a recent interview with Curbed, the East Cut group denied that figure without explanation.
The area is to San Francisco as the Financial District is to New York City. It holds offices for tech giants including Google, Salesforce, and Fitbit, as well as major banks. While it's bustling during the weekdays, the neighborhood empties after 6 o'clock.
The East Cut
That is starting to change. Developers have added about 6,000 apartments and condos in the area over the last decade (including those in the leaning, sinking Millennium Tower), and there are at least 2,000 more in the pipeline, the Chronicle reports.
The East Cut also contains the Salesforce Tower, a $1 billion skyscraper that will be the tallest building west of Chicago upon completion this summer; and the Transbay Transit Center, a $2.3 billion transportation hub that could be the most expensive bus terminal ever built.
The reactions to the name change on social media have been mixed.
"This is a neighborhood with lots of history, and lots of history that still is here," Andrew Robinson, executive director of the East Cut CBD, told the Chronicle. "It's a 21st century idea of what a neighborhood should be, mixing old and new and a variety of uses."
SEE ALSO: A startup has a plan to solve the housing crisis with cheap backyard ‘granny flats’
NOW WATCH: LinkedIn's gorgeous San Francisco offices are unlike anything we've ever seen
More: BI Innovation San Francisco Neighborhoods
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GDPR Privacy Terms
Bottomline Technologies: Data Processing Addendum
THIS DATA PROCESSING ADDENDUM is entered into as of the DPA Effective Date by and between: (1) Bottomline Technologies Limited, a company incorporated and registered in England with company number 8098450 whose registered office is at 115 Chatham Street, Reading, Berkshire, RG1 7JX (“Bottomline”); and (2) the entity who is a counterparty to the Agreement into which this Data Processing Addendum is incorporated and forms a part (“Customer”), and records the Parties’ agreement with respect to the terms and conditions governing the Processing and security of Personal Data provided to Bottomline pursuant to the Agreement.
Supplementary Data Privacy Terms
Current Data Protection Laws mandate that the Processing of Customer Personal Data that Bottomline carries out on your behalf is subject to a contract containing certain specific terms (these are set out in Article 28(3) of the GDPR).
We have determined that a number of our customers have older contracts which do not contain these required terms and have therefore prepared a new Data Processing Agreement “(DPA”) to ensure that these mandated terms are in place for those customers. This new data processing agreement will apply to all customers who have older contracts which do not contain a data processing agreement, a data processing addendum, or a set of integral data processing terms integral to an agreement, which establish the contractual terms required by Article 28(3) of the GDPR.
Please review the latest DPA at the earliest opportunity. Clause 2 of the DPA will enable you to determine whether or not these new terms apply to your organisation, and if so, when the new terms will come into force. For the avoidance of doubt, if your organisation has already negotiated a data processing agreement, data processing addendum or set of integral terms which specifically addresses the requirements of Article 28(3) of the GDPR, this will remain force, and the new DPA will not apply to your organisation.
(A) This Data Processing Addendum does not apply to customers with whom Bottomline has (prior to 3rd April 2019) separately agreed a data processing agreement, a data processing addendum, or a set of data processing terms integral to an agreement, which establish the contractual terms required by Article 28(3) of the GDPR in respect of Bottomline’s Processing of those customers’ Personal Data in connection with the Relevant Services.
(B) Please pay particular to Section 2.1, which determines if and when the terms of this Data Processing Addendum will come into force and effect, and form part of your Agreement with Bottomline.
(C) The Data Protection Laws mandate that the Processing of Customer Personal Data that Bottomline carries out on your behalf is subject to a contract containing certain specific terms (these are set out in Article 28(3) of the GDPR). We have prepared this Data Processing Agreement to ensure that these mandated terms are in place.
(D) Due to the importance of the factors outlined in (C) above, for customers without existing GDPR compliant agreements with Bottomline, this Data Processing Agreement will come into force and effect in accordance with Section 2.1 notwithstanding any ‘No Variation’, ‘Entire Agreement’ or similar provisions in the Agreement.
Download GDPR Terms
Legal/Copyright Information
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The Donald Sinclair Sutherland Music Endowment Fund
Through the Sutherland Music Endowment Fund, Bradley Hills has encouraged original works by both student and professional musicians. Established in 1996 in celebration of 25 years of music ministry by Donald Sinclair Sutherland, Director of Music from 1971 to 1999, the Sutherland Endowment Fund’s purpose is “to extend the church’s mission of music in the community and provide musical enrichment for Bradley Hills Presbyterian Church and for the community at large above and beyond the regular program of the church.”
Sponsorship of Student Composition Competitions
The Sutherland Endowment has sponsored several student composition competitions. These competitions are traditionally open to graduate and undergraduate students at accredited schools of music in the United States. Works submitted are for choir, and winning compositions are premiered by the Bradley Hills Chancel Choir. Past winners of this competition include the following:
Carolyn Pirtle of Kansas State University (2006), Ave Regina Caelorum, for choir and organ; premiered on May 13, 2006
Dan Forrest of the University of Kansas (2007), All People that on Earth Do Dwell, for choir, organ, and optional congregation; premiered on May 23, 2010
Ayo Oluranti of the University of Pittsburgh (2009), Magnificat, for choir and organ; premiered on May 23, 2010
Joshua Bornfield of the Peabody Institute of The Johns Hopkins University (2010), Mi Chamocha, for choir and organ; premiered on May 22, 2011
Commissioned Works by Renowned Composers
The Sutherland Endowment has also commissioned several choral works by renowned composers, including the following:
The Snow Lay on the Ground by David Conte, for choir, harp, and organ; premiered on December 24, 2004
Paschal Feast by Aaron David Miller for choir, oboe, and organ; premiered on April 4, 2007
Celestial Fire by Rick Bassett; premiered on May 31, 2009
Psalm 112 by McNeil Robinson; premiered on May 22, 2011
Two Pieces for Brass Quintet and Organ by David Conte; premiered February 5, 2011
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NBC In Ratings Free Fall
WSJ:
NBC’s downward slide is getting steeper.
Long a ratings laggard, the network has fallen further behind its competitors this fall, heightening the challenge facing its new owner Comcast Corp. as it works to mount a turnaround.
Through the first four weeks of the TV season ending Oct. 16, about 3.3 million adults under 50 years old have been watching prime-time TV shows on NBC, according to the latest figures from Nielsen Holdings NV. That is down 9.3% from the same period a year earlier. Much of the decline is concentrated in NBC’s entertainment shows.
Leaving out National Football League games, which NBC airs on Sunday nights, the network’s 18-to-49-year-old audience is 2.2 million–down 16% from a year earlier. That demographic is the audience group most valued by advertisers.
Among the shows demonstrating particularly severe declines are long-running programs like “Law & Order: SVU” and “The Biggest Loser,” each of which lost one of its stars. The 18-to-49-year-old audiences for those shows have fallen 20% to 3.4 million and 23% to 3 million, respectively, this season compared to last season, according to Nielsen.
Competitors are faring better. Through four weeks, Walt Disney Co.’s ABC is down 5.8% among viewers 18-to-49 in prime-time, CBS Corp.’s eponymous network is down 2.3% and News Corp.‘s Fox Broadcasting is up 11%, according to the latest Nielsen data. (News Corp. also owns The Wall Street Journal.)
Photo added by Big Hollywood.
EntertainmentFOXNBCWSJ
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Why Ted Cruz Was Right to Walk Out on the 'In Defense of Christians' Conference
Katie Gorka
An extraordinary thing happened on Wednesday night in Washington, D.C. More than one thousand people were gathered for a dinner in honor of the newly formed organization In Defense of Christians.
It should have been a victorious, celebratory moment―and for a short time it was.
The spirit was jubilant as we all took in the fact that at last the crisis affecting Middle East Christians had hit the mainstream. Many of us have been toiling away for years on this issue, happy if we could get ten people in a room to hear our case. Here we were, with Patriarchs and prelates from 12 different countries, and earlier in the day no less than 17 different members of Congress had addressed the gathering. It was an evening to celebrate.
Then U.S. Senator Ted Cruz (R-TX) came on stage. He was there to give the keynote speech, and this was to be the crowning moment. Senator Cruz opened with these words:
Good evening. Today we are gathered at a time of extraordinary challenge. Tonight we are all united in defense of Christians. Tonight we are all united in defense of Jews. Tonight we are all united in defense of people of good faith who are standing together against those who would persecute and murder those who dare to disagree with their religious teachings.
“Oh no,” someone said quietly at my table. “Don’t go there, Cruz.”
Lebanon and Israel have been engaged in a long-standing conflict, so to mention Jews was to step on an obvious land mine. More than that, word had gone out several months before that the funders of the event were associated with Hezbollah. At first, it was just word of mouth based on sources inside Lebanon.
Then a Syrian-American activist named Frank Ghadry wrote about it, but he subsequently retracted his article and almost all traces of it have been deleted from the web. But you can read it here on Facebook.
Within the NGO community, concerns were expressed about the Hezbollah rumors, but when the Ghadry article was retracted, it seemed these might be just rumors after all.
Cruz’s speech seemed a consummate effort to flush out the true nature of the organizers and their guests. He went on:
Religious bigotry is a cancer with many manifestations. ISIS, Al Qaeda, Hezbollah, Hamas, and their state sponsors like Syria and Iran, are all engaged in a vicious genocidal campaign to destroy religious minorities in the Middle East.
Sometimes we are told not to lump these groups together, that we have to understand their so-called nuances and differences.
But we shouldn’t try to parse different manifestations of evil that are on murderous rampage through the region. Hate is hate and murder is murder.
The grumbling from other tables now became audible, and it was not long before the murmurs and fidgeting erupted into boos and outright heckling.
“Stop it. Stop it,” Someone shouted.
Cruz pushed on: “Let me say this: those who hate Israel hate America.”
“No,” someone shouted back.
Cruz said, “And those who hate Jews hate Christians.”
At this, a number of people in the audience booed in unison.
“And if this room will not recognize that, then my heart weeps that the men and women here will not stand in solidarity with Jews and Christians alike who are persecuted by radicals who seek to murder them.”
Several members of the audience then walked out of the room to scattered applause, including Antoine Chedid, the Ambassador of Lebanon to the United States, and several Lebanese politicians, a fact which was confirmed by the Daily Star of Lebanon.
Cruz only lasted a minute or two longer before cutting short his speech and walking out with the words: “if you will not stand with Israel and Jews, then I will not stand with you. Thank you and God bless you.”
As soon as Cruz left the stage, the room burst into conversation about the spectacle we had all just witnessed. Some seated at my table said that Cruz had been badly misinformed by his staff about the nature of the event and that someone should be fired.
But what I discovered the next day is that Cruz had known exactly what he was doing. Indeed, he had read the article that had been published about the event just that day and which essentially repeated Frank Ghadry’s allegation that the conference organizers were close to Hezbollah.
Whether Cruz ever contemplated withdrawing from the event is not certain, but what is clear is that he was keenly aware of the alleged links between the organizers of the event and Hezbollah, and he was not going to let that go untested.
Many have criticized Cruz since the event, saying he should have known the audience better or that he was grandstanding. But his actions on Wednesday evening reminded me of the line from the recent New Yorker article about Cruz: “That is the kind of politician Cruz has become―one who came to Washington not to make a deal but to make a point.”
The point he made is two-fold: even in as worthy a cause as defending Christians from extinction in the Middle East, we cannot compromise our fundamental commitment as Americans to the right of all people to live free from persecution and free from the subjugation by totalitarian, supremacist ideologies, such as that espoused by Hezbollah.
The decision by In Defense of Christians to accept the largesse and support of individuals who are widely believed to be associated with Hezbollah was thus a moral failing, but it was a tactical one as well. Any good strategist knows that you cannot enter battle with chinks in your armor. To enter the fray in as serious a fight as that between ISIS and Christianity, one must be invulnerable. To enter into this fight with such an easily identified shortcoming not only hurt the broader cause of protecting Christians, but it hurt all those who have been working for years, often on meager salaries and with little support, to shed light on the plight of Christians. It fed right into the enemy’s hands.
St. Paul, in his Epistle to the Ephesians, tells us that engaging in spiritual warfare–and what is the war between Christians and the likes of ISIS if not spiritual battle?–that we must be fully prepared. We must put on the whole armor of God (Eph 6:11). We must gird our waists with truth, and put on the breastplate of righteousness (Eph 6:14).
Ted Cruz clearly is prepared to fight for the Christian cause but is not prepared to do so in ways that support unchristian values. He should be cheered and not heckled for doing so.
National SecurityDefenseISISTed Cruz
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Pope Francis Calls for ‘Decisive’ Action to End Migrant Deaths in Mediterranean
Thomas D. Williams, Ph.D.
Pope Francis issued an appeal to the “international community” Sunday, pleading for swift and decisive action to bring an end to migrant shipwrecks in the Mediterranean Sea.
“Dramatic news of shipwrecks of barges laden with migrants in the waters of the Mediterranean have arrived over these last weeks,” the pope said following his weekly Angelus prayer in Saint Peter’s Square. “I express my sorrow in the face of such tragedies and assure my thoughts and prayers for the victims and their families.”
“I address a heartfelt plea to the international community to act decisively and promptly in order to prevent such tragedies from happening, and to ensure security and respect for the rights and dignity of all,” he said.
In his appeal, the pontiff did not explain what sort of action he is hoping for from international powers, but his ongoing support for a sweeping “welcome” of migrants would suggest that he believes the best course of action to be an increased presence of rescue vessels in the Mediterranean to assure that as many migrants as possible reach safe harbor in European ports.
In recent weeks a number of Catholic bishops from Italy and Malta have expressed their opposition to the tightened immigration policies of their respective governments, blaming closed ports for migrant deaths at sea.
In Malta, both Archbishop Charles Scicluna and Bishop Mario Grech have voiced public support for a statement by NGOs claiming that the consequences of the government’s decision to close its ports “are potentially fatal, as the vessels will no longer be able to continue saving lives in the Mediterranean Sea.”
“Although supposedly aimed at ensuring respect for the law, this action directly undermines the protection of human life at Europe’s borders, making them even more dangerous for refugees and asylum seekers,” the NGOs said.
In Italy, the Sicilian Cardinal Francesco Montenegro responded to Interior Minister Matteo Salvini’s decision not to allow an NGO vessel to unload economic migrants from North Africa earlier this month by comparing migrants who drown at sea to Jesus Christ.
“It is Jesus coming to us on a vessel, he is in the man or child who drowns, it is Jesus who fishes through the garbage in search of a little food,” he said.
Montenegro blamed migrant sea deaths on efforts to curb mass migration, which in turn would be motivated by callousness and indifference.
“It’s a society, but unfortunately also a religion that ignores human rights, that creates the poor and then doesn’t want them because they are irksome and lets them die,” Montenegro said.
Attempts to tie migrant deaths with tighter controls on sea ports runs into a serious problem, however, when the available immigration data is carefully analyzed.
As both the UNHCR and IOM have recently reported, migrant deaths in the Mediterranean have dropped dramatically in the first six months of 2018, at the same time European leaders have sent the message that borders are no longer open to economic migrants.
Having fewer migrants on the seas has resulted—unsurprisingly—in far fewer deaths.
For the first half of 2018, sea deaths fell to 1,058, less than half the 2,258 migrant sea deaths recorded during the same six-month period of 2017.
From January through June, Italy’s immigration figures have similarly undergone a drastic reduction, thanks in part to its new populist government, and numbers for the first half of the year reflect an 80 percent decline over the same period of 2017.
According to data released earlier this month by the United Nations immigration agency (UNHCR), a total of 16,919 migrants arrived by sea into Italy prior to July 8, whereas over the same period in 2017 a total of 85,197 migrants had arrived.
The total number of migrants lost at sea reached its highest point in 2016, with 4,578 migrants determined to be either dead or missing. That year also marked the record number of migrants arriving across the Mediterranean onto Italian shores, a total of 181,436, UNHCR reported.
Statistics from UNHCR and IOM strongly indicate that the recent decline in migrant sea deaths correlates directly to more restrictive immigration policies.
In this light, people who take the pope’s appeal seriously should support more stringent immigration regulations to prevent would-be migrants from recklessly embarking on a perilous sea voyage that could cost them their lives.
Follow Thomas D. Williams on Twitter Follow @tdwilliamsrome
ImmigrationLondon / EuropeNational SecurityCatholic ChurchEurope Migrant CrisisimmigrationIOMmigrant sea deathsPope FrancisUNHCRVatican
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The Latest: Arab League chief tells Iranians to ‘be careful’
DUBAI, United Arab Emirates (AP) — The Latest on Mideast developments amid rising tensions in the Persian Gulf region (all times local):
The head of the Arab League is calling on the Iranians to “be careful and reverse course.”
Secretary General Ahmed Aboul Gheit noted after meeting with U.N. Secretary-General Antonio Guterres at U.N. headquarters in New York on Friday that there are conflicting reports about how Thursday’s tanker incidents occurred.
“We believe that responsibilities need to be clearly defined,” he said. “The facts will be revealed, I am sure, it’s only a matter of time.”
The U.S. says the Iranians are responsible for the attacks near the strategic Strait of Hormuz. The Iranians say they were not involved.
Aboul Gheit said: “My call to my Iranian — and I call them Iranian brothers: Be careful and reverse course because you’re pushing everybody towards a confrontation that no one would be safe if it happens.”
The British government says it agrees with a U.S. conclusion that Iran attacked two oil tankers in the Gulf of Oman.
The Foreign Office says in a statement that its own assessment concluded “it is almost certain that a branch of the Iranian military,” the Islamic Revolutionary Guard, attacked the tankers. It said it also believed Iran was behind an attack last month on four tankers near the United Arab Emirates port of Fujairah.
Foreign Secretary Jeremy Hunt said the attacks “build on a pattern of destabilizing Iranian behaviour and pose a serious danger to the region.” He said Britain “remains in close coordination with international partners to find diplomatic solutions to de-escalate tensions.
U.N. Secretary-General Antonio Guterres is calling for an independent investigation into the suspected attacks on two tankers near the strategic Strait of Hormuz, saying it’s important to know the truth about what happened.
The U.N. chief reiterated to reporters after meeting Arab League Secretary General Ahmed Aboul Gheit at U.N. headquarters in New York on Friday that “we believe it is very important to avoid, at all costs, a major confrontation in the Gulf.”
Guterres said U.N. officials have been “talking to everybody” but “at the present moment, we don’t see a mechanism of dialogue possible to be in place.”
Aboul Gheit said he is very worried at recent developments in the Gulf, and said: “We believe that the truth needs to be clearly established in relation to these attacks.”
Japan’s Prime Minister Shinzo Abe has condemned the suspected attack on a Japanese-operated tanker near the Strait of Hormuz this week as a threat to safe maritime navigation.
Abe, speaking to reporters Friday, says: “Japan adamantly condemns the act that threatened a Japanese ship, no matter who attacked.”
The tanker, Kokuka Courageous, was attacked by what its crewmembers described as “flying objects” near the Strait of Hormuz, carrying methanol to Singapore and Thailand. All 21 Filipino sailors were safely evacuated.
Abe urged “all related countries” to avoid an accidental confrontation and refrain from any action that may escalate tensions. He pledged to help de-escalate tensions in the region.
Abe made the remarks after telephone calls with U.S. President Donald Trump, briefing him on his Iran visit this week, without elaborating. He pledged to keep cooperating with Trump.
The Russian Foreign Ministry has warned against rushing to assign blame for attacks on tankers in the Gulf of Oman and accused the U.S. of stoking tensions in the region with its accusations against Iran.
The ministry said in Friday’s statement that the U.S.’s “Iranophobic” stance has “artificially” fueled tensions. It urged all parties involved to show restraint.
The Russian statement came after President Donald Trump blamed Iran for the attacks and called it “a nation of terror.”
Russia’s Foreign Ministry said Moscow strongly condemns the attacks in the strategic Strait of Hormuz, but warned against blaming anyone until the completion of a “thorough and unbiased international probe.”
It thanked Iran for helping rescue 11 Russian nationals who were part of one of the tankers’ crew.
Japanese Foreign Ministry press secretary Takeshi Osuga has condemned Thursday’s attacks on a Japanese-operated tanker near the Strait of Hormuz, calling it a threat to Japan’s peace and prosperity.
Osuga , in a statement Friday, didn’t identify a suspected attacker and pledged to continue gathering information and secure the safety of maritime navigation. He says: “Japan firmly condemns such attacks which threaten the safety of ships.”
Osuga said safety in the Strait of Hormuz is crucial to Japan’s energy security as well as to the peace and prosperity of the international community, including Japan.
A Japanese-operated tanker was targeted in a suspected attack Thursday near the Strait of Hormuz. The tanker company said some crewmembers saw “flying objects,” possibly bullets, damage the tanker, not mines. All 21 Filipino sailors on the tanker were rescued.
The Norwegian owner of an oil tanker that caught fire after a suspected attack in the Gulf of Oman says the blaze has been extinguished.
Frontline says the fire was put out on the Front Altair and did not cause any pollution.
The company added that its 23 crew members are still In Iran at Bandar Abbas, though they’ll be repatriated soon.
Frontline CEO Robert Hvide Macleod separately says the company still doesn’t know the cause of the explosion and the fire “but we can exclude that a fault with the ship that has caused this.”
President Donald Trump is calling Iran “a nation of terror,” saying Iran’s responsibility for attacks on tankers in the Gulf of Oman was “exposed” by the United States.
Calling into “Fox & Friends” on Friday, Trump says of the Thursday attacks, “Iran did do it.” He cites video purporting to show an Iranian boat removing what the U.S. says is an unexploded mine from one of the vessels.
Iran has denied any role in the attacks.
Trump cites no new potential U.S. responses, saying the U.S. has been “very tough on sanctions.” He says, “They’ve been told in very strong terms we want to get them back to the table.”
Trump is warning Iran not to close off the strategic Strait of Hormuz, saying if it is closed it won’t be closed for long.
Iran’s President Hassan Rouhani has called for closer cooperation between Tehran and Moscow amid rising regional tensions.
Speaking Friday during a meeting with Russian President Vladimir Putin on the sidelines of a summit of a regional security grouping in Kyrgyzstan that includes Russia, China and India among others, Rouhani said “the situation in the region requires stronger interaction between our nations.”
The Iranian leader added that “external pressure and foreign sanctions” have made such cooperation “even more acute.”
Putin hailed economic and security ties between Russia and Iran, noting their joint action in Syria.
Regional tensions escalated over suspected attacks Thursday on two oil tankers near the strategic Strait of Hormuz, which the U.S. blamed on Iran. Tehran has rejected the U.S. accusations.
The U.S. Navy’s 5th Fleet says the 21 sailors it hosted overnight from one of the oil tankers hit in an apparent attack in the Gulf of Oman have returned to their vessel.
Cmdr. Joshua Frey said on Friday that the sailors were back on the Kokuka Courageous to assist in it being towed.
Frey says the USS Bainbridge remains nearby and is in close contact with the vessel.
The Dutch company Boskalis says it has been appointed to salvage the two tankers in the suspected attacks in the Gulf of Oman, near the strategic Strait of Hormuz.
Royal Boskalis Westminster said on Friday that the insurers of the two tankers, the Front Altair and the Kokuka Courageous, have appointed its subsidiary SMIT Salvage to salvage both vessels and their cargoes.
Boskalis says the situation of the Front Altair, which was carrying a petroleum product known as naptha, “is still worrisome.” It does not elaborate, but adds that the crew left the ship following the suspected attack on Thursday and the fire on board has been extinguished.
The company says that the Kokuka Courageous, carrying the chemical compound methanol, is in a stable condition and being towed to a port in the Gulf region.
The German government is calling for an investigation into the “extraordinarily worrying” suspected attacks on two tankers near the Strait of Hormuz.
It also says it has no information on who carried them out and isn’t saying who it believes was responsible.
Ulrike Demmer, a spokeswoman for Chancellor Angela Merkel, told reporters in Berlin on Friday that a “spiral of escalation” must be avoided.
She says that “what’s important now is to continue investigating the background of the incidents in depth,” and added that Germany “is in contact with all our partners” on the matter.
The U.S. military has released a video it says shows Iran’s Revolutionary Guard removing an unexploded limpet mine from one of the oil tankers. Iran denies being involved.
Iran’s President Hassan Rouhani has assailed the Trump administration, accusing it of radicalizing the situation in the Mideast and pursuing an aggressive policy against his country.
Rouhani spoke at a regional summit in the Kyrgyz capital of Bishkek on Friday, a day after the suspected attacks on two oil tankers near the strategic Strait of Hormuz that the U.S. has blamed on Iran.
Rouhani made no mention of the tankers but lashed out at Washington for walking out of Iran’s nuclear deal with world powers and re-imposing sanctions on Tehran.
Rouhani says the U.S. is “using all opportunities for radicalizing the situation, which undermines the stability not only in our region but in the whole world.”
He added that America has been “carrying out an aggressive policy and posing a serious threat to regional stability.”
China is urging all parties to exercise restraint after the suspected attacks on two oil tankers near the strategic Strait of Hormuz.
Chinese foreign ministry spokesman Geng Shuang said on Friday that countries should “avoid further escalation of tensions.”
Iran has rejected a U.S. accusation against Tehran over Thursday’s suspected attacks, which hit one Norwegian-owned ship and one Japanese-owned ship off the coast of Iran. Each vessel was loaded with petroleum products, and one was set ablaze.
Geng says that a “war in the Gulf region of the Middle East is something that no one wants to see.”
China is the world’s largest buyer of Iranian oil and has maintained its support for the Iran nuclear deal.
Geng said that “China will continue to protect its energy security” and oppose unilateral sanctions.
Japan’s defense minister says he has no intention of sending Japanese troops to respond to attacks on a Japanese-operated oil tanker in the Middle East.
Takeshi Iwaya told reporters at a Friday news conference that the situation is not considered an imminent threat to Japan.
His remarks came after a Japanese-operated tanker headed to Singapore was attacked on Thursday while traveling near the Strait of Hormuz, just as Prime Minister Shinzo Abe was wrapping up his high-stakes visit in Tehran to help de-escalate regional tension.
All 21 Filipino crewmembers pf the vessel were rescued and were now on a U.S. warship.
Iwaya says Japan doesn’t think the so-called “Self-Defense Force has a necessarily role to play at this point and we don’t plan to send them to the Strait of Hormuz region in response to the attacks.”
The Japanese ship operator says sailors on board the Kokuka Courageous, one of the vessels attacked near the Strait of Hormuz, saw “flying objects” just before the attack, suggesting the tanker wasn’t damaged by mines.
That account contradicts what the U.S. military has said as it released a video it says shows Iranian forces removing an unexploded limpet mine from one of the two ships in the suspected attack.
The Japanese tanker carrying petroleum products to Singapore and Thailand was attacked twice while traveling near the Strait of Hormuz on Thursday, damaging the tanker and forcing all 21 crewmembers to evacuate.
Company president Yutaka Katada said Friday he believes the flying objects seen by the sailors could be bullets, and denied possibility of mines or torpedoes because the damages were above the ship’s waterline. He called reports of mine attack “false.”
Katada said the crew members also spotted an Iranian naval ship nearby, but did not specify whether that was before or after the attacks. The tanker survived the first attack that hit near the engine room, followed by another causing damage to the star-board side toward the back.
Iran rejects a U.S. accusation against Tehran over suspected attacks on two oil tankers near the strategic Strait of Hormuz.
Iranian foreign minister Mohammad Javad Zarif in an early Friday morning tweet called the accusations part of a plot by hawkish politicians in the U.S. and the region.
Secretary of State Mike Pompeo on Thursday blamed Iran for the attacks and the U.S. military released images it said showed Iranian forces removing an unexploded limpet mine from one of the ships.
Zarif tweeted that the United States “immediately jumped to make allegations against Iran-w/o a shred of factual or circumstantial evidence.”
He said the United States was trying to cover up economic terrorism, referring to sanctions the U.S. re-imposed on Iran.
Saudi Arabia says its military intercepted five drones launched by Yemen’s Houthi rebels targeting the kingdom.
Military spokesman Col. Turki al-Maliki said early Friday that the drones targeted Abha regional airport and Khamis Mushait.
Al-Maliki in a statement carried by the state-run Saudi Press Agency said that the drone attack showed the Houthis were targeting civilian infrastructure in the kingdom.
U.N. experts, the West and Gulf Arab nations say Iran arms the Houthis with weapons. Tehran denies that.
The kingdom says a similar attack Wednesday on the Abha airport wounded 26 people.
It is just the latest in a wave of rebel drone and missile attacks targeting the kingdom, which has been mired in a yearslong war in Yemen that has killed an estimated 60,000 people and pushed the Arab world’s poorest nation to the brink of famine.
The development comes as tensions are rising in the Persian Gulf region.
The U.S. military’s Central Command has released a video is says shows Iranian forces removing an unexploded limpet mine from one of the two ships suspected to have been attacked near the Strait of Hormuz.
It released the black-and-white footage early Friday morning.
Capt. Bill Urban, a Central Command spokesman, said a Revolutionary Guard patrol ship removed the limpet mine from the Kokuka Courageous.
Iran has denied involvement in Thursday’s suspected attacks amid heightened tensions between Iran and the U.S.
Urban said in a statement the attacks “are a clear threat to international freedom of navigation and freedom of commerce.”
He added: “The United States has no interest in engaging in a new conflict in the Middle East. However, we will defend our interests.”
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American Airlines is a founding member of oneworld. Along with its affiliates, American Airlines operates from major hubs across the USA, including Charlotte, Chicago, Dallas/Fort Worth, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Philadelphia, Phoenix and Washington DC, to more than 330 destinations in 50 countries.
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British Airways is one of the world’s most recognised airlines and a founding member of the oneworld alliance. The airline and its affiliates service more than 170 destinations in nearly 80 countries throughout Europe, North America, South America, Asia, Africa and Australia, with its main hub London Heathrow.
Established in 1946, Cathay Pacific Airways is Hong Kong’s flagship carrier and a founding member of the oneworld alliance. The airline serves some 80 destinations in more than 30 countries across Asia, the Pacific, Europe, North America, the Middle East and Africa.
Cathay Pacific affiliate Dragonair, reaching more than 30 destinations throughout Asia, including almost 20 in Mainland China, is also a member of oneworld.
Established in 1923, Finnair is Finland’s flagship carrier. It joined the oneworld alliance in 1999. The airline flies to more than 65 destinations in 30 countries, including an increasing number of longhaul international flights to and from Asia, with its Helsinki hub ideally placed as a gateway between the Far East and Europe.
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Iberia is Spain’s flagship airline and the leading carrier between Europe and Latin America. It joined oneworld in 1999. From its Madrid hub, it flies to almost 120 destinations in 45 countries across Europe, Africa, the Middle East and the Americas.
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Established in 1951, Japan Airlines is one of the world’s premier carriers. It joined the oneworld alliance in 2007. The airline has major hubs at Tokyo, Osaka, Nagoya and Okinawa, and operates almost 900 daily flights to more than 70 destinations across 20 countries.
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Widely recognized as Latin America's leading airline group, LATAM Airlines was created through the merger of LAN Airlines (joined oneworld in 2000), TAM Airlines (joined oneworld in 2014) and their affiliates. With hubs in Santiago de Chile, Buenos Aires, Bogota, Lima, Quito and Guayaquil, LATAM flies to over 130 destinations in 23 countries.
Malaysia Airlines, which joined oneworld in 2013, is one of the few airlines worldwide rated five-star by Skytrax, which has also honoured the airline for having the World’s Best Cabin Staff. With its main operating hub in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Airlines flies to more than 60 destinations across Asia, Australia, Europe, the Middle East and North America.
Qantas is one of the world’s most recognised airlines and a founding member of the oneworld alliance. It serves almost 80 destinations in 20 countries. As the only Australian airline in any global airline alliance, it offers an extensive domestic network besides serving points in Asia, the South Pacific, Europe, North and South America and Africa.
Qatar Airways has a vast network across the Middle East and beyond and was named as Skytrax's Best Middle East Airline for the seven years running and has been awared the Skytrax's Five Star ranking since 2004. Other recent awards include Business Traveler USA's Best Airline for International Travel and Aviation Business' Airline of the Year 2011. It joined the oneworld alliance in October 2013.
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Royal Jordanian is the national carrier of the Kingdom of Jordan and joined the oneworld alliance in 2007. It serves some 60 destinations in 40 countries throughout the Middle East, where it offers one of the most extensive networks of any airline to Europe, Asia, Africa and North America.
S7 Airlines is Russia’s largest domestic carrier. It joined the oneworld alliance in 2010. Based at Moscow Domodedovo Airport, the airline operates flights to more than 80 destinations in 20 countries throughout Europe, the Middle East and Asia (including 45 destinations in Russia).
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Home / Diagnosis / Columnist Army Archerd Dies from Mesothelioma
Columnist Army Archerd Dies from Mesothelioma
Legendary Hollywood columnist, Army Archerd, 87, died Tuesday at Ronald Reagan UCLA Hospital, of mesothelioma. Archerd has been a prolific Hollywood reporter for more than 50 years at Daily Variety. He shocked the entertainment world in 1985 when he announced that actor Rock Hudson had died of AIDS. According to his wife, Selma, Archerd was diagnosed with mesothelioma five years ago, and that doctors believe his exposure to shipyard asbestos while he was in the Navy during WWII was the cause. Mesothelioma is the same cancer which caused the death of actor Steve McQueen in 1980 (one of the case studies in Dr. Barron Lerner’s book When Illness Goes Public:Celebrity Patients and How We Look at Medicine). McQueen also had exposure to asbestos as a movie stuntman, race car driver, and aboard a troop ship as a Marine.
Mesothelioma (sometimes called meso) is a rare cancer of the mesothelium, the lining of the chest cavity. The mesothelium consists of two layers of cells, one which covers the lungs, and the other which covers the inner chest wall. The mesothelial cells produce a small amount of fluid (pleural fluid) which provide lubrication between these two layers, and allow the organs of the chest (lungs, heart, blood vessels) to move smoothly in the chest. The “potential space” between these two layers is called the pleural space, and is usually very small, as the two layers normally slide against each other. In disease states (such as pneumonia, congestive heart failure, as well as mesothelioma) additional fluid can be produced, leading to a pool of pleural fluid into the pleural space called a pleural effusion.
Mesothelioma is relatively rare, with 2000-3000 cases a year. It primarily occurs in men. Exposure to asbestos, often 20-30 years prior to diagnosis, has been linked to the disease. According to the American Cancer Society:
“Asbestos is the name of a group of minerals that occur naturally as masses of strong, flexible fibers that can be separated into thin threads and woven. Asbestos has been widely used in many industrial products, including cement, brake linings, roof shingles, flooring products, textiles, and insulation. Asbestos has been mined and used commercially since the late 1800s. Its use greatly increased during World War II. Since the early 1940s, millions of American workers have been exposed to asbestos dust. Initially, the risks associated with asbestos exposure were not known. However, an increased risk of developing mesothelioma was later found among shipyard workers, peoplewho work in asbestos mines and mills, producers of asbestos products, workers in the heating and construction industries, and other tradespeople. Today, the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) sets limits for acceptable levels of asbestos exposure in the workplace. People who work with asbestos wear personal protective equipment to lower their risk of exposure.”
Symptoms include cough, shortness of breath, chest pain, as well as weight loss and fatigue. As these are the same symptoms as many other illnesses, the diagnosis ultimately depends on a biopsy of the tumor. As with all cancers, treatment depends on the location, stage of the cancer, and the patient’s age and general state of health. Treatment can consist of surgery, chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy.
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Related ItemsArmy ArcherdMesotheliomaSteve McQueen
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Comedian Quincy Jones: “There is no cancer when I’m on stage.”
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making-of-the-haute-couture-press-kit
MAKING OF THE HAUTE COUTURE
Photo shot in Paris by Karl Lagerfeld for the Spring-Summer 2015 Haute Couture Press Kit.
silhouettes-from-the-haute-couture--collection-by-karl-lagerfeld
SILHOUETTES FROM THE HAUTE COUTURE
COLLECTION BY KARL LAGERFELD
Spring-Summer 2015 Haute Couture Press Kit.
pharrell-williams-paris-january-23rd
PARIS, JANUARY 23RD
Pharrell Williams, face of the Paris-Salzburg 2014/15 collection, wore a custom-made denim jacket from the Paris-Salzburg 2014/15 collection and black sunglasses.
chanel-haute-couture-house-since-1913
HAUTE COUTURE HOUSE SINCE 1913
Haute Couture was born during the Second Empire within the Rue de la Paix quarter in the heart of Paris. Englishman Charles-Frédéric Worth opened his house in 1858. He demonstrated his innovation by rejecting the statute of a fashion designer as a "supplier" and embracing that of the designer as a "creator," and by presenting veritable fashion collections worn by models to clients in his luxurious salons. At this time, Paris was filled with small trades devoted to embellishment (embroiderers, feather-workers, button-makers, shoemakers, glove makers, hatters, etc.) and enjoyed a reputation as the only world capital where elegance reigned.
In 1945, very specific rules defined the statutes of Haute Couture. Updated throughout the years, they have survived time, making Haute Couture the absolute reference for a subtle blend of tradition and innovation. The specifications require that original models be designed by the permanent designer of the house. They must be created in its own workshops, which should have a minimum of 20 employees. Each season, on the dates set by the Chambre Syndicale de la Haute Couture, the house must present a collection of at least 35 looks consisting of both day and evening styles.
As a bearer of unique expertise and maintenance of tradition, Haute Couture excels in the perfection of all the details that give it its singular, rare character. It is also a laboratory brimming with ideas and creativity, in which the quality and perfection of its cuts are crystallized in time.
Chanel is currently the oldest operating couture house.
© Photo All Rights Reserved, Chanel ateliers circa 1935
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Everything You Need to Know about the 24 Hours of Le Mans Race
Breaking down the historic Le Mans 24-hour endurance-racing classic, a brutal test of driver and machine.
By Rich Ceppos
First run in 1923, the annual 24 Hours of Le Mans in France is the world's greatest sports-car race.
On the famous Mulsanne straight, the fastest cars top 200 mph.
This year, on June 15, 62 cars will start the race on Saturday at 3 p.m. local time (9 a.m. Eastern time, for U.S. viewers).
The 24 Hours of Le Mans is auto racing's Boston Marathon, a brutal test of endurance where competitors race stunningly fast cars for 24 straight hours at speeds that can exceed 200 mph on the fastest section of the incredibly long 8.5-mile Circuit de la Sarthe road course. The race is a punishing test that pushes driver and machine to their limits—and sometimes beyond. Here's everything you need to know to make sense of the race, which takes the green flag on Saturday, June 15.
What is it? The 87th running of the world's most prestigious sports-car race, which lasts (as its name makes clear) for 24 hours.
When is the 2019 24 Hours of Le Mans? June 15–16, starting at 9 a.m. Eastern time.
How to watch? Live online at the Motor Trend on-demand website (paywall) or the Motor Trend cable-TV channel; excerpts on the Automobile Club de l'Ouest (ACO) YouTube channel.
Where is the 24 Hours of Le Mans held? Circuit de la Sarthe, Le Mans, France.
What time does it start? Coverage begins at 8:00 a.m. U.S. Eastern time, with the race starting at 9:00 a.m. Eastern time (3:00 p.m. local time) on Saturday, June 15.
History, hellish events, and high speeds are the key ingredients that make the 24 Hours of Le Mans the world's greatest sports-car race. It is both famous and infamous for the triumphs and tragedies that have occurred there. Started in 1923 as a showcase for car manufacturers to prove the durability of their vehicles in competition, it has evolved into a high-speed chess match among top professional racing teams where strategy, teamwork, and great driving skill are as important as a car's reliability and technological edge.
The race is staged annually in mid-June by the French sanctioning organization Automobile Club de l'Ouest. Four classes of cars compete side by side, which can make the racing confusing, but a team of knowledgeable TV commentators keeps the action sorted out for you. Le Mans is part of the FIA World Endurance Championship, which includes long-distance races in nine countries. Through the years, automobile manufacturers including Porsche, Audi, Mercedes-Benz, Ford, Toyota, Ferrari, Aston Martin, Jaguar, and Chevrolet have invested tens of millions in their race teams with the hope of taking the winner's laurels and basking in the marketing glory a win confers.
The top two classes, LMP1 and LMP2, are made up of purpose-built race cars that can cost millions and are supported by large crews of engineers and technicians. The cars look like four-wheeled fighter jets and employ advanced aerodynamics to suck them to the track, which enables astounding speed in the corners. The current rules encourage teams to race gasoline-electric hybrids, and last year's winning car, Toyota's TS050 LMP1, utilized that technology to make a claimed 986 horsepower. LMP2 cars are similar but less complex, are powered by conventional gasoline engines, and are not quite as fast as the LMP1s.
About two-thirds of the field is composed of the other two classes competing in the race, the GT, or grand touring, cars: GTE-Pro and GTE-Am. These classes are based on highly modified versions of production-line sports cars with recognizable names and shapes from makers such as Ferrari, Porsche, Chevrolet, Ford, and Audi. They have about 500 horsepower, and the infighting is fierce as these cars battle for position and class wins while trying to stay out of the way of the flying prototypes. As their names imply, GTE-Pro is for full-time professional drivers and manufacturer teams, while GTE-Am is for amateur drivers and private teams. All teams must rotate three drivers through the car during the race, with no one driver behind the wheel for more than a total of 14 hours. Driver changes happen in conjunction with pit stops for fuel and fresh tires.
History runs deep at the Circuit de la Sarthe, the name of the 8.5-mile temporary course that roars to life in the sleepy French countryside every June. The original race was run entirely on local roads, but for reasons of safety it now combines sections of public road knitted together with stretches of purpose-built racetrack. The famous Mulsanne straight, part of the original track, is still in use. One of the world's longest racing straightaways at 3.7 miles, it's actually a public road, French route départementale D338, except for those few days each year when it is closed down for the 24-hour event. Another tradition: the race cars undergo one of their several technical inspections in the Le Mans town square, where they can be viewed up close by the general public. And the spraying of champagne after a race win? That was started at Le Mans as well, by American Dan Gurney after winning the 1967 race.
Racing dynasties have flourished and faded across the 86 years the event has run—it was canceled for 10 years during World War II and in 1936 because of strikes across France. Bentley and Alfa Romeo both made their early reputations with four consecutive wins each in the 1930s. Jaguar and Ferrari dominated the 1950s and 1960s. Henry Ford II's personal rivalry with Enzo Ferrari resulted in his company deciding to build the Ford GT40, which defeated Ferrari in four straight Le Mans races from 1966 through 1969. Porsche was the dominant force in the 1980s, and Audi prototypes notched an amazing 13 wins between 2000 and 2014.
Along with racing triumphs, the race has been the scene of tragedies. The worst of them occurred during the 1955 event, when a Mercedes 300SLR race car crashed at high speed on the front straight, launching flaming parts into the crowd and killing 83 spectators. It remains the worst auto-racing accident in history. As a result, automobile racing was temporarily banned in several European countries. Major safety improvements were made to the Circuit de la Sarthe in the wake of the 1955 event; numerous safety upgrades for both spectators and the racers have been implemented in the decades since. Race cars were already reaching speeds in excess of 225 mph on the Mulsanne by the early 1970s, so a pair of tight zigzag chicanes were added partway down the straight to bring speeds down. Despite the changes, the fastest of today's race cars will still top 200 mph on the Mulsanne. And that can still mean trouble, as when driver Peter Dumbreck's Mercedes race car flipped into the trees in 1999; he somehow escaped without major injury.
The danger and excitement of 1970s-era Le Mans competition was captured for the silver screen by racer/actor Steve McQueen in his movie Le Mans. And a recent tribute video of the Le Mans event brings McQueen's spare depiction up to date by evoking the romance that is the Le Mans 24 Hours. Here's a preview of what you'll see in the 2019 race.
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The 15 Things You Need to Know about the 2019 Ram 1500
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Group: W-B Area among underfunded districts
Eric Mark / Published: June 30, 2016
WILKES-BARRE — Wilkes-Barre Area School District has been badly under-funded for many years, according to officials of Equity First, a tax reform group formed in March.
Changing that will not be easy, said Kelly Lewis, a former state representative and one of the group’s founders.
“It’s very hard to change a billion-dollar problem,” Lewis said during an informational meeting Equity First hosted Wednesday at Donahue’s Irish Pub on South Main Street.
The turnout was sparse, but Lewis and Equity First’s executive director, Rebecca Kann, explained the group’s mission to revise the state’s educational funding formula.
They believe that 180 of Pennsylvania’s 500 public school districts have been chronically under-funded since the 1990s. A long-standing “hold harmless” policy, which ensured that no school district received less funding than it did the previous year even if its enrollment declined, was unfair to fast-growing districts and those in third-class cities such as Wilkes-Barre, Lewis said.
Under a fair funding formula, Wilkes-Barre Area would have received an additional $28 million per year over the past 25 years, according to Lewis. Districts in other cities, such as Reading, Allentown and York, have also been underfunded by tens of millions of dollars annually, he said.
Once state lawmakers approved a revised Basic Education Funding bill earlier this year, education-funding activists jumped at the chance to lobby for change, according to Lewis, a Harrisburg-based attorney and consultant.
Enter House Bill 2111.
That proposed bill, which will go to committee this fall, would boost the percentage of education funding directed to the state’s 180 allegedly under-funded districts.
Equity First supports the bill and urges residents and taxpayers to lobby their state legislators to co-sponsor and support it.
That’s what Christina Solomon of Wilkes-Barre did.
Solomon, of the Rolling Mill Hill neighborhood, said she contacted the office of state Rep. Eddie Day Pashinski, D-Wilkes-Barre, urging him to support the bill.
Solomon, who attended both Wednesday’s meeting and an Equity First gathering last month, said she got involved because as a mother of young children she wants all children to get the best education possible.
“They all deserve better,” she said.
The Equity First meeting in Wilkes-Barre last month was held the day after the Wilkes-Barre Area School Board voted to cut programs and furlough dozens of teachers, Kann said.
“If Wilkes-Barre had been getting what it should have been getting all those years, that might have been avoided,” she said.
Equity First has held informational meetings throughout the state, especially in areas that include underfunded school districts, and plans to hold more meetings later this year, Lewis said.
For information, visit www.supportequityfirst.org.
emark@citizensvoice.com, 570-821-2117
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News & Press: Advocacy/Legislative
2018 Midterm Election Recap
Yesterday’s election ushered in some significant changes to the political landscape both nationally and in Colorado. Although some races are still too close to call, a majority are settled, and we know what our state-level leadership will look like moving into 2019. Final results are also available for most state and local ballot initiatives, and we will highlight those below.
In the coming days and weeks, political experts and pundits will share their analysis and insights about the key take-aways from this midterm election. Here are some immediate storylines emerging that are worth taking note of now:
In Colorado, more ballots were turned in by unaffiliated voters than by Republicans or Democrats. As the Denver Post noted this morning, “This. Is. Unprecedented.” Never before have unaffiliated voters turned out in higher percentages than Republicans or Democrats, and while unaffiliateds do make up the largest voting block in Colorado, this strong turnout came as a surprise.
The blue wave has hit Colorado. Democrats will now control the Governor’s seat, House and Senate. The House significantly increased its Democratic majority and though some Senate races are still too close to call, Republicans will no longer control that chamber. Further indicative of Democrats’ success is that this will be the first time since 1977 that the Attorney General’s seat and Governor’s office will be held by the same party.
Anytime a single party has political control, there is always a question about whether they will swing too far in pursuing their agenda and alienate moderate and unaffiliated voters. Democrat leadership has already said that they are mindful of this dynamic and won’t overreach. We will know more about their legislative agenda for 2019 in the coming weeks.
Voters approved some local school district initiatives but did not approve Amendment 73. Voter approval for Amendment 73 fell short of 55% and we are very disappointed by the loss. Local district ballot questions came out with mixed results--there were a number of important successes but also some very hard losses. The fight for adequate funds for our public schools will continue, and we’ll be back to make our case to voters.
Below you will find key results from yesterday’s election. Leading into the 2019 legislative session, CASE will share the policy priorities and issues we expect to see and let you know how to get involved.
Please don’t hesitate to contact me with any questions, and as always, thank you for your membership in CASE.
- Lisa Escárcega, CASE Executive Director
Democrats seize majority at the statehouse
Democrat Jared Polis handily won the gubernatorial seat by about 52% compared to Walker Stapleton’s 45%. Polis, a former Colorado State Board of Education member, has been involved in public education causes for many years and promised during his campaign to make investments in our schools a high priority.
It was predicted that Democrats would retain their majority in the House, which proved true. They also picked up several seats that will widen their majority control; though not all races are settled, the most recent results point to a 38-27 split in that chamber.
Perhaps most surprising to many is that Democrats took control of the state Senate for the first time since 2014. Although votes are still being counted in a few key races, it could be that Democrats have a three-seat majority moving into 2019 with victories in a few key contentious races.
2018 Ballot Initiatives Results
This year’s ballot was a hefty one with thirteen initiatives, several of which had implications for public education. A majority of the initiatives failed, and we’ve outlined the results below.
Amendment 73: Tax Increase for Public Education – Did Not Pass
As you know, CASE has been a strong supporter of the Yes on Amendment 73 campaign, and like many of you, we’re very disappointed to see it fail. With that said, there is a lot to celebrate. The last few years have shown us that Colorado’s education leaders are coming together to improve Colorado’s school finance system. Last year, the state’s superintendents presented an education finance reform package to lawmakers after over two years of hard work. This movement has only continued to grow, and the election results are evidence of that. We’re encouraged by the incredible momentum we saw behind the Yes on 73 campaign, and CASE believes that the general public is recognizing the dire need to improve Colorado’s public education system.
This campaign made it further than anyone thought it would, and that support is highly promising. While Amendment 73 didn’t meet the 55% threshold to pass, it came quite close. When it comes to raising taxes, the public chose education by almost 6 points over a transportation tax. Even when you take increasing taxes off the table, the public chose to support education over transportation by more than 4 points. We credit this campaign with educating the public on the needs of our state’s schools, and we know that down the line, we’ll only continue to build on that momentum to eventually cross the finish line.
Amendment 74: Just Compensation for Damage Due to Government Law or Regulation – Did Not Pass
In October, we shared that the CASE Coordinating Council voted to oppose this measure; CASB and CRA also opposed it. The amendment would have allowed any property owner to sue local and state governments over any new regulation, which could include basic health and safety protections. The language of the measure was not clear or specific and could have led to a significant increase in lawsuits from property holders who believed that any property value decrease is due to government law or regulation.
The initiative failed narrowly, gaining only 54 percent approval (it needed 55 percent to pass). We’re pleased that Colorado voted against this risky amendment.
Transportation Initiatives: Propositions 109 & 110 – Both Did Not Pass
Also known as the “Fix Our Damn Roads” campaign, Prop. 109 would have required the state to issue up to $3.5 billion in bonds to fund 66 transportation projects. The Legislature would have needed to direct $260 million each year in General Fund revenue to pay off the bonds. The state would have effectively been taking on new debt, absent any new revenue to pay it back.
Proposition 110, on the other hand, would have raised the state’s sales tax .62 percent to generate up to $6 billion for transportation projects around the state. Both of these initiatives failed, so the state will revert back to Senate Bill 1, passed in this year’s legislative session. According to The Coloradoan, “it authorizes a 2019 ballot measure that would ask voters for bonding authority of about $3 billion to be repaid by the general fund over 20 years.”
Proposition 112: Increased Setbacks for Oil and Gas Development – Did Not Pass
This proposition would have required that any new oil and gas development be set back by at least 2,500 feet from homes and “vulnerable areas,” such as playgrounds, sports fields, lakes, rivers and amphitheaters. Colorado voters rejected the initiative, keeping the state’s current requirement of setting wells back 500 feet from homes and 1,000 feet from schools.
Please find a summary of the other initiatives in the following:
The following ballot initiatives passed:
Amendment A: Prohibiting Slavery and Involuntary Servitude in Colorado
Amendment W: Judge Retention Ballot Language
Amendment X: Reclassifying Industrial Hemp in Colorado
Amendment Y: Independent Redistricting Commission (US Congress)
Amendment Z: Independent Redistricting Commission (State Houses)
Proposition 111: Payday Loan Limits
The following ballot initiatives failed. We’ve provided some context for some of the more notable initiatives.
Amendment V: Lowering the Age Requirement for General Assembly
Amendment 75: Campaign Contribution Limits
2018 Local School District Results
This year’s ballots represented the largest amount of money asked for by school districts, combined, in the history of the state. According to the latest results from the Colorado School Finance Project, a number of important measures in local school districts passed, but we also faced several devastating losses of bond and mill levy override measures.
A few key takeaways include:
$1.7 million mill levy override (MLO) to increase staff salaries, supplement full day Kindergarten and improve school safety in Archuleta County.
After several unsuccessful attempts, a $250 million bond passed in Douglas County to improve security and infrastructure, security, information technology, and more.
Aurora Public Schools passed a $35 million MLO for student health, safety and learning.
Westminster Public Schools passed a $9.9 million MLO to attract and retain more teachers, mental health professionals and counselors, provide funds to existing vocational programs, and to enhance student environments.
Jeffco passed a $33 million MLO that will go toward teacher retention, student mental health support, and expanded workforce readiness programs.
Bethune’s measure for 15.2 mills—which would have supported the district’s need for facility upkeep, teacher retention and technology upgrades—failed.
Another tough loss is in Pueblo City 60 District, where a $6 million MLO would have improved the quality of schools. A whopping 50 percent of these funds would have gone towards increasing teacher and staff salaries.
Trinidad’s Bond / BEST request for $4.7 million would have gone towards badly-needed construction renovations at Trinidad Middle School to meet certain health and safety standards and extend the life of the facility. This measure did not pass. Trinidad also had an MLO on the ballot for $8.2 million, and that is still too close to call.
For a complete list of the local school district results, please click here. This document will update in real time, as more results become available.
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Through The Conservation Fund's Working Forest Fund program we focus our efforts on conserving large, privately-owned working forests of over 10,000 acres held by companies and timber management organizations. These forests are vulnerable to being broken up and sold for development. Our goal is to protect 5 million acres of working forests in danger of conversion or fragmentation. We aim to keep these working forests working and ensure these lands continue to benefit people and wildlife for generations to come.
October 2, 2018| Forests
A Mighty Conservation Success for Habitat, Forestland and a Community
In 2014, the Fund purchased 30,000 acres of forestland across New York, Vermont, New Hampshire and Maine through our Working Forest Fund. This included 5,435 acres that encompass 27 percent of the Beebe River watershed. During our ownership, we’ve worked with the New Hampshire Fish and Game Department, USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, Trout Unlimited and the U.S. Forest Service—White Mountain National Forest to improve water quality and restore fish passage on these five tributaries. In 2016, this area was given the USDA Abraham Lincoln Honor for protecting important natural resources and habitat while maintaining working forests and sustainable economic opportunities for northern New Hampshire.
July 30, 2018| Forests
One of the Greatest Environmental Challenges of Our Time—Protecting America's Working Forests
When a large working forest is broken up—subdivided for development or sold off into smaller pieces—nothing can put these ecosystems back together again. Breaking up the forest like this harms its ability to clean the air and filter the water for entire regions, protect critical habitat for wildlife to roam, and keep local jobs and rural economies intact.
Restoration: Reconnecting a River, Wildlife and a Community's Favorite Place
In 2014, the Fund purchased 30,000 acres of forestland across New York, Vermont, New Hampshire and Maine through our Working Forest Fund. This included 5,435 acres that encompass 27 percent of the Beebe River watershed. During our ownership, we’ve worked with the New Hampshire Fish and Game Department, USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, Trout Unlimited and the U.S. Forest Service – White Mountain National Forest to improve water quality and restore fish passage on these five tributaries.
May 23, 2017| Forests
Protecting Nature, Jobs and Traditions in the Northern Forest
Upstate New York’s Tug Hill region, also known as Tug Hill Plateau, is known for its timber industry, snowfall and traditional northern forest outdoor recreational opportunities. Nestled within Tug Hill is the Town of Redfield—one of the many communities that depend on the area’s working forest landscape for economic support.
November 30, 2016| Forests
Making Conservation Work for America at Oregon's Gilchrist State Forest
The Gilchrist State Forest, named for the timber family that owned the property for most of the 20th century, was dedicated in June 2010. The new state forest owes its creation to creative funding partnerships between the Oregon Department of Forestry (ODF), U.S. Forest Service-Forest Legacy Program, Oregon Lottery and The Conservation Fund.
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Whiskey Row facades saved – for now
Fire officials remain concerned that a strong wind or heavy rain could collapse of what's left of the Civil War-era Whiskey Row structures.
Whiskey Row facades saved – for now Fire officials remain concerned that a strong wind or heavy rain could collapse of what's left of the Civil War-era Whiskey Row structures. Check out this story on courier-journal.com: http://cjky.it/1IGHlkc
Sheldon S. Shafer, @sheldonshafer Published 8:22 a.m. ET July 7, 2015 | Updated 11:34 p.m. ET July 7, 2015
Louisville Fire Capt. Salvador Melendez updates media on Whiskey Row fire. Main Street between First and Second Streets still closed. Matt Stone, The C-J
Firefighters Tuesday continued soaking possible hot spots in the heavily damaged West Main Street Whiskey Row buildings after Monday’s fire.(Photo: Pat McDonogh/The Courier-Journal)Buy Photo
The plans for Brown-Forman's $45 million distillery on West Main Street nearly went up in smoke Monday as a massive fire consumed much of the three adjacent Whiskey Row properties.
Plans for a major redevelopment of those three adjacent structures remain in flux, following the three-alarm fire that blanketed parts of downtown with thick smoke.
More than 80 Louisville firefighters were able to salvage the facades of three historic warehouses on West Main Street's Whiskey Row, but fire officials were concerned that strong wind or heavy rain could collapse what's left of the Civil War-era structures.
Fire Capt. Sal Melendez said firefighters established a generous "collapse zone" around the damaged property but that the facades seemed to be standing up well after a steady early Tuesday afternoon rain.
Karen Williams, president and CEO of the Louisville Convention & Visitors Bureau, said she watched the Whiskey Row fire Monday evening with great trepidation for several hours out of her office window near the Galt House.
"It was so sad watching so much historic charm" perhaps going up in smoke, she said. But then, she said she awoke Tuesday morning to hear that the Brown-Forman distillery and tourist "experience" project probably can be saved and that the cast-iron-laden facades of the three damaged Whiskey Row buildings were still intact.
"The whole Whiskey Row project is so important to our hospitality industry," she said. "It looks like we were very fortunate."
The proposed distillery is expected to become a major stop on the Kentucky Bourbon Trail distillery tourism program administered by the Kentucky Distillers' Association, and the Whiskey Row redevelopment is widely seen as a linchpin for the continued economic growth along the Main Street corridor.
Attorney Craig Greenberg, a spokesman and co-developer of the planned Whiskey Row redevelopment, said in an interview Tuesday that "our group is very committed to continuing our efforts to restore these great buildings and facades. The outpouring of support has really shown how important these buildings are to our history."
But he said decisions on whether — or how — to proceed with the redevelopment will have to wait until a thorough structural analysis is completed.
But the two next-door structures at 117-119 W. Main, where Brown-Forman Corp. plans its distillery and tourist "bourbon experience" in tribute to its Old Forester founding brand, received relatively little damage, and that project should be able to proceed, said Melendez.
"We believe our two buildings escaped relatively unharmed, and we plan to break ground this summer," said Brown-Forman spokesman Phil Lynch in regard to the Old Forester project. "But we have to get structural engineers in there, to make sure there is no hidden damage. We are pretty confident they are in good shape."
He said a recently installed firewall did its job, protecting the two Brown-Forman structures from the flames.
The fire was called in around 4:40 p.m. Monday and was brought under control at 7:20 p.m., Melendez said. The roof collapsed, and firefighters continued Tuesday morning to pour water on hot spots — a process that might continue into Wednesday, Melendez said.
Main Street between First and Second streets, as well as Washington and Brook streets near the site, remained closed to traffic Tuesday.
But normal activity was restored at all other nearby offices and businesses, except at 121 W. Main — a building that may house one or two tenants, Melendez said. It remained off limits as a precaution.
The scene as firefighters fought the fire that started in the 100 block of West Main Street in downtown Louisville. Marty Pearl, Special to The C-J
The businesses in the western half of the 100 block include about 35 Whiskey Row Loft apartments and restaurants Doc Crow's, Patrick O'Shea's, MeGusta, Bearno's and Troll Pub Under the Bridge. The fire was not disrupting access to the Clark Memorial Bridge or to the KFC Yum! Center just west of the scene.
Melendez said the owner of the buildings, a preservation-minded group called Main Street Revitalization, hopes to have engineers assess the three structures as soon as possible. He said, however, the inspectors will not be allowed inside the buildings — essentially shells behind facades. "They will try to get as close as they can," he said.
No citizens or firefighters were injured in the blaze, but Melendez said at least three vehicles were damaged by falling bricks.
He said fire officials and the arson squad are investigating the possible cause of the blaze, but it apparently started in the basement of one of the structures. Some renovation work had begun at the site just in the last week or two.
The preservation-investment group has targeted the three historic buildings at 111-113-115 W. Main for redevelopment with a mix of restaurants, shops, offices and apartments.
The buildings feature cast-iron facades and long were used to make and distribute barrels of whiskey that were rolled down to the river to be loaded onto barges.
Story continues below the gallery
Gallery l Whiskey Row Fire, The Day After
A view of the collapse walls along Whiskey Row on Main St. in Louisville, after yesterday's fire. By Pat McDonogh, The Courier-Journal. July 7, 2015. By Pat McDonogh, The Courier-Journal.
Whiskey Row, on Main St. looking east after yesterday's fire which gutted three of the buildings on the block. By Pat McDonogh, The Courier-Journal. July 7, 2015. By Pat McDonogh, The Courier-Journal.
A view of the the Whiskey Row warehouses on Main St. that burned yesterday. By Pat McDonogh, The Courier-Journal. July 7, 2015. By Pat McDonogh, The Courier-Journal.
A view of Washington Street, behind the Whiskey Row warehouses that burned yesterday. By Pat McDonogh, The Courier-Journal. July 7, 2015. By Pat McDonogh, The Courier-Journal.
Louisville Fire Chief Sal Mellendez at a press conference across from Whiskey Row. By Pat McDonogh, The Courier-Journal. July 7, 2015. By Pat McDonogh, The Courier-Journal.
A scene showing the damage to the Whisky Row building after yesteday's fire. By Pat McDonogh, The Courier-Journal. July 7, 2015. By Pat McDonogh, The Courier-Journal.
The plans call for the three adjacent structures, all of which date to the mid-1800s, to be combined into one project and function as one building, with about 85,000 square feet of space. The site is being marketed as 111 Whiskey Row, the developers said. The elongated structures are four stories along Main and five or six stories at the rear, along Washington.
No tenants have been signed, but initial interest has been described as significant by Valle Jones and Greenberg, Whiskey Row's co-developers.
They said Monday evening that a deal was close with a prospective restaurant tenant and that discussions were advanced with a potential office user.
Greenberg and Jones have said that the market and leases will ultimately determine how space in the complex is allocated. But the tentative scheme has been for restaurants and retailing on the ground floor, at least two upper floors for offices and one or more upper levels for apartments.
Construction had been planned to start by last this year, with the full buildout uncertain.
The preservationists have been pursuing historic-preservation tax credits that could reduce costs. Project architects, including K. Norman Berry of Louisville, were working with state and federal historic-preservation agencies to make sure the restorations were as authentic as possible.
Gallery l Fire on Whiskey Row
Fire on Whiskey Row, Main Street Louisville. By Pat McDonogh, The Courier-Journal. July 6, 2015. By Pat McDonogh, The Courier-Journal
Two Louisville firefighters make their way up a ladder to a fire on Whiskey Row, Main Street Louisville. By Pat McDonogh, The Courier-Journal. July 6, 2015. By Pat McDonogh, The Courier-Journal
The of the fire at Whiskey Row, from first and Main Streets in Louisville. By Pat McDonogh, The Courier-Journal. July 6, 2015. By Pat McDonogh, The Courier-Journal
A side wall collapsed in the fire at Whiskey Row, Main Street Louisville. By Pat McDonogh, The Courier-Journal. July 6, 2015. By Pat McDonogh, The Courier-Journal
Spectators took photos of the burning buildings along Main Street's Whiskey Row. by Pat McDonogh, The Courier-Joural. July 6, 2015. By Pat McDonogh, The Courier-Journal
Firefighters used a saw to ventilate the front of the Whiskey Row complex on Main St. during a fire. By Pat McDonogh, The Courier-Journal. July 6, 2015. By Pat McDonogh, The Courier-Journal
Firefighters try to determine the best course of action at a fire on Whiskey Row, on Main Street in Louisville. By Pat McDonogh, The Courier-Journal. July 6, 2015. By Pat McDonogh, The Courier-Journal
The preservation group bought five adjoining Whiskey Row buildings in 2011 from developer Todd Blue for $4.85 million. The purchase was arranged with the city's help, after Blue threatened to raze the structures.
Main Street Revitalization is led by some well-heeled individuals with ties to Brown-Forman Corp. The liquor company itself is a partner. The investors include Christy Brown, widow of Brown-Forman chairman and chief executive officer Owsley Brown II. She donated $1 million to the Whiskey Row project.
The group also includes Laura Lee Brown, another member of the Brown-Forman ownership family, and her husband, Steve Wilson.
Christy Brown said Tuesday that many of the city's century-old structures have withstood fires, floods, tornadoes and other disasters. She said the Whiskey Row structures "were built strong. . . . We are a resilient community, and our historic buildings represent that resiliency."
And Marianne Zickuhr, executive director of Preservation Louisville, said Whiskey Row was the largest advocacy effort in which the preservation group has been involved. "We are heartbroken seeing these buildings devastated by fire. Buildings like those on Whiskey Row are unique reminders of who we are as a community. When they disappear, a part of who we are as a people disappears as well."
The Main Street Revitalization group spent a reported $7.5 million to stabilize the Whiskey Row property over the last several years.
Main Street Revitalization sold the two next-door buildings at 117 and 119 W. Main to Brown-Forman in late May for $4.5 million, Lynch said.
Its proposal calls for a distillery and bourbon experience honoring its founding brand, Old Forester. Old Forester, the brainchild of Brown-Forman founder George Garvin Brown, was America's first bottled bourbon.
Brown-Forman has filed documents with the city indicating that its two, four-story buildings will include the distillery, a visitor tour bourbon experience, a restaurant, retail space, upper-level event space and meeting rooms, along with a rooftop bar and garden. The property has about 55,000 square feet of space.
The city has agreed to issue up to $45 million in tax-exempt bonds to help finance the project. Brown-Forman assumes all the risk and debt on the issue, not the city.
At least 19 distillers, wholesalers and other whiskey-related businesses called that 100 block of West Main Street home at one time.
Reporter Sheldon S. Shafer can be reached at (502) 582-7089. Follow him on Twitter at @sheldonshafer.
Read or Share this story: http://cjky.it/1IGHlkc
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Planning in the USA: Policies, Issues, and Processes
J. Barry Cullingworth, Roger Caves
Textbook - 522 Pages - 58 B/W Illustrations
December 5, 2013 by Routledge
This extensively revised and updated fourth edition of Planning in the USA continues to provide a comprehensive introduction to the policies, theory and practice of planning. Outlining land use, urban planning, and environmental protection policies, this fully illustrated book explains the nature of the planning process and the way in which policy issues are identified, defined, and approached.
This full colour edition incorporates new planning legislation and regulations at the state and federal layers of government, updated discussion on current economic issues, and examples of local ordinances in a variety of planning areas. Key updates include:
a new chapter on planning and sustainability;
a new discussion on the role of foundations and giving to communities;
a discussion regarding the aftermath of Katrina in New Orleans;
a discussion on deindustrialization and shrinking cities;
a discussion on digital billboards;
a discussion on recent comprehensive planning efforts;
a discussion on land banking;
a discussion unfunded mandates;
a discussion on community character;
a companion website with multiple choice and fill the blank questions, and ‘test yourself’ glossary terms.
This book gives a detailed account of urbanization in the United States and reveals the problematic nature and limitations of the planning process, the fallibility of experts, and the difficulties facing policy-makers in their search for solutions. Planning in the USA is an essential book for students, planners and all who are concerned with the nature of contemporary urban and environmental problems.
Part I. Planning and Government 1. The Nature of Planning 2. Urbanization 3. World Urbanization 4. Planning and Sustainability Part II. Land Use Regulation 5. The Evolution of Planning and Zoning 6. The Institutional and Legal Framework of Planning and Zoning 7. The Comprehensive Plan 8. The Techniques of Zoning and Subdivision Regulations 9. Financing and Planning for Development Part III. Growth Management 10. Growth Management and Local Government 11. Urban Growth Management and the States Part IV. Planning and Development Issues 12. Environmental Policy and Planning 13. The Limits of Environmental Policy 14. Transportation 15. Housing 16. Community and Economic Development 17. Urban Design and Aesthetics 18. Heritage and Historic Preservation Part VI. Conclusion 19. Some Final Questions
Professor Barry Cullingworth was Emeritus Professor of Urban Affairs and Public Policy at the University of Delaware, and held posts at the University of Manchester, Durham, Glasgow, Birmingham, Toronto, and Cambridge.
Dr. Roger W. Caves is a Professor of City Planning and Director of the Graduate City Planning Program at San Diego State University (SDSU).
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The European Union's Democratization Agenda in the Mediterranean
Michelle Pace, Peter Seeberg
Series: Democratization Special Issues
September 13, 2013 by Routledge
Editor(s) Bio
Democracy promotion in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) remains a central pillar of the foreign policy of the European Union (EU). Rather than concentrating on the relations between the incumbent authoritarian regimes and the opposition in the relevant countries, and on the degree to which these relations are affected by EU efforts at promoting democracy, human rights and the rule of law (an outside-in approach), this collection of articles inverts the focus of such relationships and attempts to look at them ‘inside-out’. While some contributions also emphasise the ‘outside-in’ axis, given that this continues to be analytically rewarding, the overarching thrust of this book is to provide some empirical substance for the claim that EU policy making is not unidirectional and is influenced by the perceptions and actions of its ‘targets’. Thus, the focus is on domestic political changes on the ground in the MENA and how they link into what the EU is attempting to achieve in the region. Finally, the self-representation of the EU and its (lack of a) clear regional role is discussed.
This book was published as a special issue of Democratization.
1. Preface Michelle Pace, POLSIS, University of Birmingham
2. Introduction: The EU’s Democratization Agenda in the Mediterranean: a Critical Inside-Out Approach Michelle Pace, POLSIS, University of Birmingham; Francesco Cavatorta, School of Law and Government, Dublin City University; Peter Seeberg, Center for Contemporary Middle East Studies, University of Southern Denmark
3. Political Islam in the Mediterranean: The View from Democratization Studies. The View from Democratization Studies Frederic Volpi, Institute of Middle East, Central Asia and Caucasus Studies, University of St. Andrews
4. Paradoxes and Contradictions in EU Democracy Promotion in the Mediterranean: the Limits of EU Normative Power Michelle Pace, POLSIS, University of Birmingham
5. Hamas in transition: the failure of sanctions Are Hovdenak, Conflict Resolution and Peace building, International Peace Research Institute, Oslo
6. The EU as a realist actor in normative clothes. EU democracy promotion in Lebanon and the European Neighbourhood Policy Peter Seeberg, Center for Contemporary Middle East Studies, University of Southern Denmark
7. Constraints on the Promotion of the Rule of Law in Egypt. Insights from the 2005 judges’ revolt Sarah Wolff, The London School of Economics and Political Science
8. Egypt’s Moment of Reform and its Reform Actors: The Variety-Capability Gap Thomas Demmelhuber, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg
9. ‘Divided they stand, divided they fail’. Opposition politics in Morocco Francesco Cavatorta, School of Law and Government, Dublin City University
10. Islamist Moderation Without Democratisation: The Coming of Age of the Moroccan Party of Justice and Development? Eva Wegner & Miquel Pellicer, Visiting Scholars, Yale University
11. Promoting Democracy in Algeria: the EU Factor and the Preferences of the Political Elite Ayse Aslihan Çelenk, Lecturer, Dept of International Relations, Erciyes University, Turkey
12. A Clash of Norms: Normative Power and EU Democracy Promotion in Tunisia Brieg Tomos Powel, School of Law and Social Sciences, University of Plymouth
Michelle Pace is Senior Research Fellow and RCUK Fellow, POLSIS at the University of Birmingham. She is Principal Investigator on two large projects and has published widely on EU policies towards the wider Mediterranean.
Peter Seeberg is Associate Professor, Ph.D. Director of Studies at the Centre for Contemporary Middle East Studies, University of Southern Denmark. He has published on the EU and the Middle East, Arabic nationalism, migration issues and ethnic minorities in Europe and Denmark.
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Home › News & Info › News › Ambassador celebrates company’s four decades in South Africa
Ambassador celebrates company’s four decades in South Africa
EDF, a global low-carbon energy supplier, celebrated it 40th anniversary of operations in South Africa recently.
Christophe Farnaud, French Ambassador to South Africa
The French ambassador to South Africa, Christophe Farnaud, said in his opening address that the economy must grow to provide much needed jobs, but not at the expense of the environment. Therefore, clean energy is the common denominator of both economy and environment. French companies, the ambassador said, as EDF has shown, are willing to help South Africa with education and skills development while providing the country with clean sources of energy.
Luc Koechlin, the managing director of the South African operation, said that the EDF Group, with an annual revenue of almost €70-billion, has been active in South Africa since 1978 and assisted Eskom in the construction of the continent’s first nuclear power station at Koeberg in the Western Cape.
In his presentation, Nicolas Lecomp, the company’s manager for South African projects, said the company has four wind-power plants in operation in South Africa. They are all in the Eastern Cape province and contribute a total of 141,6 MW to the country’s power supply. A particularly interesting development, he said, happened in Grahamstown where it was impossible to connect the 24,6 MW Waainek wind farm to Eskom’s grid. Instead, it was connected to local municipality. This is uncommon practice in South Africa, he said.
Valerie Lekev, the company’s senior executive vice president for Middle East and Africa, said that the company’s long-term solar power vision – “Le Plan Solaire” – is to have a world-wide installed base of 30 GW of solar PV and 10 GW of energy storage by 2035. To achieve this goal, she said, the company’s research and development teams – which numbers about 5000 employees – is constantly exploring new technologies and processes to improve efficiency and reduce costs.
Daluvuyo Ntsebeza, the company’s economic development manager, said that 2,1% of the revenue derived from the sale of electricity from the four wind farms was spent on communities living within a 50 km radius of the wind farms. This amounted to almost R21-million in 2017, he said.
Most of the money (1,5%) was spent on socio-economic development, education, sports, health and arts and culture projects. The balance (0,6%) went towards supporting small black-owned enterprises working in agriculture, retail, construction, and small-scale renewable energy, Ntsebeza said.
Beneficiaries are measured against key performance indicators (KPIs), he said, so that the company can be sure that the communities really benefit from the donations the company makes. The Grassroots Youth Development (GYD) programme helped a local school receive a sports pitch using local small businesses. One of GYD’s initiatives is the Khulasande Sports Development programme which teaches the learners physical education and provides them with a nutritious meal to help them grow physically and remain healthy.
Another source of clean energy is nuclear. According to EDF’s Laurent-Olivier Coudeyre, the company has been, and remains active in new nuclear power plant design and construction. The company operates 72 GW of nuclear power in a number of countries. The latest design, which is under construction at the Taishan power plant in China consists of two 1750 MW Gen III+ EPR reactors. The project is nearing completion, Coudeyre said. The company, which is involved with NECSA’s SAFARI One medical isotope reactor in Pelindaba, says it is ready to assist the Department of Energy with its new nuclear power plants which would most probably be based on the same design as those under construction at Taishan, he added.
The post Ambassador celebrates company’s four decades in South Africa appeared first on EE Publishers.
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Overprescribing the Pill
Elise Ehrhard
When I was in college nearly 20 years ago, most of the young women I knew took birth control pills for medical reasons as instructed by their gynecologists. Now that I am in my 30s, I am encountering women who are only just discovering that they never really needed to be on the Pill in the first place.
The friends I got to know during late-night talks when I began college were still waiting for sex until marriage, or at least waiting until they had known someone a long time. Few were yet looking for contraception, even if the RA did welcome us to the dorm with a “goody bag” of condoms. Gynecologists prescribed them oral contraceptives for a variety of health conditions: One young woman had been having her period twice a month for a number of months. Another missed them for no apparent reason. One woman had very painful periods, and another had polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS).
By my senior year, I too was told by a gynecologist that I needed to be on the Pill. After I went to him with concerns about PMS symptoms, he immediately suggested oral contraceptives and handed me a bag of them to take home. I never used them: Something in me questioned how easily these pills were used to treat everything. When I received a second opinion, my new doctor said bluntly, “Prescribing the Pill for your condition is like killing a flea with an elephant gun.” As it turned out, I just needed better nutrition and more B vitamins.
After a second friend of mine received a diagnosis of PCOS, her doctor told her oral contraceptives were unnecessary. This was the first time in college that I had heard of a gynecologist not prescribing the Pill for a condition.
Another friend with PCOS whom I will call “Michelle” had been prescribed the Pill since she was 16 years old. Not only was it unnecessary, but the contraceptives exacerbated more severe health problems. Having struggled for many years with debilitating depression, Michelle went to a psychiatrist who advised her to get off the Pill immediately.
When Michelle went back to her gynecologist to inform the doctor of her suicidal tendencies, her ob-gyn sighed with frustration. “How suicidal?” she asked.
That was enough for Michelle, and she stopped taking the Pill. Soon she began to feel a level of sexual desire that had been largely suppressed by the contraceptive since she started taking it at 16. With natural hormones racing through her body for the first time in years, she realized she had never had the chance to experience the normal libido that young women discover as part of their maturation process.
“My body suddenly feels like a teenage girl’s again,” she said. On this point there is no debate: Even proponents of the Pill acknowledge that it reduces a woman’s sexual drive. Therefore, millions of women spend much of their prime reproductive years never knowing the natural level of sexual feeling that is part of developing as a woman.
“I spent my 20s on the Pill and anti-depressants,” another friend recently told me. “Only after I got off the Pill and had my kids did I realize that I needed neither. I just needed dietary changes and more exercise.” Now nearly 35 and expecting her third child, she is feeling better than she has felt in years. She only regrets being prescribed the contraceptive by doctors when she was so young, which kept her from discovering and treating the root causes of her health problems.
Even when a woman eventually goes off the Pill (usually in her 30s, because of the increased risk of cardiovascular problems), her underlying health issues will remain. The contraceptive does not actually “treat” anything; it simply puts potential health issues on the backburner for a decade or two. In her recent eye-opening piece for New York Magazine, “Waking Up from the Pill,” Vanessa Grigoriadis captures the effect this delay has on women’s lives in the long run:
Whatever “irregularities” a woman may have experienced in her teenage years before going on the Pill will likely be around when she goes off it. “Some women who come off the Pill in their thirties are surprised that it takes a few cycles to get their periods back, or that they may have very long cycles, or cycles without ovulation,” says Jill Blakeway, founder of acupuncture center Yinova near Union Square and a co-author of the cult book Making Babies. “The Pill didn’t create these problems: In most cases, the problems were there all the time, but because they were on the Pill, these women were never motivated to deal with them. And now they have a time issue.”
Talk to college girls today, and you will find that over-prescription of oral contraceptives continues unabated.
Why is the Pill so attractive to the medical community? Theories abound. It could be that many doctors, particularly those in student health clinics, do not feel they have the time to consider the variety of factors that influence women’s reproductive cycles. Or maybe an element of social engineering is at play. After all, everything from poverty to child abuse is blamed on women not taking contraceptives. Large segments of our culture push the idea that the world would be a better place if single women between the ages of 16 and 25 did not ovulate. This view is highly misogynistic, even if it is touted by groups purporting to advocate for women.
Yet many young women are still uncomfortable with the idea of using artificial hormones to avoid pregnancy. Practicing Catholic women reject the Pill for reasons of faith. For many, the idea of shutting off one’s cycle feels unnatural. As Grigoriadis notes, “Removal from one’s true biological processes was more appealing in the Mad Men era, when machines were going to save the world and pills could fix everything, even the ennui of housewives.”
By medicalizing the Pill and telling unsure young women that they must take it for their health, our secular culture can bypass a young woman’s “hang-ups” about artificial contraceptives and ensure she is on the hormones regardless of her personal beliefs.
So here is a note to young women, or any parent whose daughter will be making a trip to the gynecologist one day: The vast majority of health problems or irregularities for which the medical community prescribes the Pill can in fact be treated with alternatives such as better nutrition, stress reduction, vitamin supplementation, or natural progesterone therapy. Books such as Marilyn Shannon’s Fertility, Cycles and Nutrition and The Art of Natural Family Planning by John and Sheila Kippley detail many of these solutions.
It is important to explore these alternatives before agreeing to take oral contraceptives. When it comes to dealing with doctors and taking the Pill, young women must question the gynecological community and trust in themselves.
Tagged as college, Natural Family Planning, New York Magazine
By Elise Ehrhard
Elise Ehrhard has been a freelance writer for twenty years and a homeschool mom for five. Her most recent articles have appeared in Catholic World Report, The American Thinker and the U.K. Catholic Herald.
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Political Science Major
Washington D.C. Summer Study Program
Internship Listings in Washington, D.C.
Careers of our Political Science Graduates
Home / Political Science Major / Washington D.C. Summer Study Program / 2018 Students
2018 D.C. Summer Study Program features largest cohort
Twenty-eight students from the College of Saint Benedict and Saint John's University are participating in summer internship experiences through the Washington, D.C., Summer Study Program from May 29 through mid-August.
This is the 39th year of the Summer Study Program designed and operated by CSB/SJU faculty and staff in the political science department. This year’s group is the largest cohort in the program’s history.
The program provides students an opportunity to live and work in the Washington, D.C., area while earning academic credit. Each student serves in a congressional office, in a government agency, in a nonprofit organization or with a public affairs group, learning and working in a community. They apply for their internships based on their interests.
In addition to the work experience, this summer’s program co-directors, Christi Siver and Whitney Court, associate professors of political science at CSB and SJU, conduct seminars and arrange supplemental meetings with alumnae/i and other professionals to enhance the learning experience. The program is coordinated each year by Sheila Hellermann, department coordinator for political science, sociology and peace studies.
There are 15 students from CSB and 13 from SJU in the program this year. While many of the students are political science majors, other majors are represented, including economics, Hispanic studies, German, history, biochemistry, integrated science, theology, gender studies, peace studies, accounting and finance and global business leadership.
The 28 students are:
Bardia Bijani Aval, a SJU junior majoring in integrative science from Göteborg, Sweden, is the education and diversity summer intern with the American Physical Society, a non-profit working to advance and diffuse the knowledge of physics.
Marcus Buric, a SJU senior majoring in global business leadership from Avon, Minnesota, is interning for U.S. Rep. Erik Paulsen of Minnesota.
Lucy Dornbach, a CSB senior double-majoring in gender studies and Hispanic Studies from Minneapolis, is interning for U.S. Sen. Amy Klobuchar of Minnesota.
Johannah Frisby, a CSB senior majoring in peace studies with an environmental health focus from St. Paul, Minnesota, is the policy Intern for American Forests, a nonprofit and the nation’s oldest conservation organization, working to inspire and advance the conservation of forests.
James Gathje, a SJU senior double-majoring in economics and political science from Richmond, Minnesota, is the membership intern with the Council on Competitiveness, a non-profit whose goal is to increase the United States' economic competitiveness in the global marketplace.
Samantha Givens, a CSB junior double-majoring in Hispanic studies and political science from Ventura, California, is the outreach intern for Advocacy Project, a nonprofit focused on assisting marginalized communities around the world.
Lydia Glen, a CSB senior majoring in political science from St. Cloud, Minnesota, is the research and strategic intern for the American Federation of Teachers, educators who champion fairness, democracy, economic opportunity and high-quality public education, healthcare and public services for students, families and communities.
Lesly Gonzalez-Barragan, a CSB junior double-majoring in political science and theology from St. Paul, Minnesota, is interning for the Catholic Campaign for Human Development at the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops.
Tim Havenaar, a SJU senior double majoring in economics and political science from La Grange Park, Illinois, is the policy intern at the office of Intergovernmental and External Affairs at the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
Makenzie Horrigan, a CSB senior majoring in biochemistry from Oak Park, Minnesota, is the international affairs intern at AHRI, a trade association representing heating and cooling companies, working to have a global influence on performance standards, certification programs and industry information and be a leading, recognized voice in the development of environmental and energy policy impacting the industry.
Quinton Johnson, a SJU senior double-majoring in history and political science from Marshall, Minnesota, is interning for U.S. Sen. Amy Klobuchar of Minnesota.
Brendan Klein, a SJU senior double-majoring in economics and political science from Bloomington, Minnesota, is interning at American Youth Policy Forum, a nonprofit, nonpartisan organization, providing learning opportunities for policy leaders, practitioners and researchers working on youth and education issues at the national, state, and local levels.
Mackenzie Kuhl, a CSB senior majoring in political science from Dubuque, Iowa, is the government relations intern for NETWORK Lobby for Catholic Social Justice, a leader in the global movement for justice and peace, which educates, organizes and lobbies for economic and social transformation.
Jacob Lucas, a SJU senior majoring in political science with a pre-law focus from Los Angeles, is the national events intern at the League of United Latin American Citizens, an organization advancing the economic condition, educational attainment, political influence, housing, health and civil rights of Hispanic Americans through community-based programs.
Nicole Newman, a CSB junior double-majoring in biochemistry and political science from St. Paul, Minnesota, is interning for Children’s Cause for Cancer Advocacy, focused on advocacy and being the policy voice for children with cancer in national debates on research, new therapy development and health care reform.
John Nguyen, a SJU senior double-majoring in economics and Hispanic Studies from Shakopee, Minnesota, is interning for the Washington Office on Latin America, a leading research and advocacy organization advancing human rights in the Americas.
Kristen Ober, a CSB senior majoring in political science from Savage, Minnesota, is interning for Stones' Phones, a political consulting and strategy firm specializing in constituent communication.
Anna Peichel, a CSB senior majoring in political science from Fairfax, Minnesota, is interning for Platform, an organization working to ensure young women’s voices influence political decisions about their bodies, lives and futures.
Cassidy Pelkey, a CSB senior majoring in political science from Baxter, Minnesota, is interning for U.S. Rep. David Young of Iowa.
Laura Precourt, a CSB senior majoring in political science from Plover, Wisconsin, is the management intern for SGI (She Grows It), an urban agriculture, research and public affairs consulting firm. She will be doing consulting work with urban farms in D.C.
Dominik Ruch, a SJU senior majoring in political science from Minneapolis, is interning for David Turch and Associates, a government affairs organization.
Sameera Sheikh , a CSB senior majoring in political science from Brooklyn, New York, is the development and executive associate Intern for Jubilee USA Network, a non-governmental organization advocating for debt relief for developing nations.
Danica Simonet, a CSB senior double-majoring in German and peace studies from Nerstrand, Minnesota, is the policy associate intern for Jubilee USA Network, a non-governmental organization advocating for debt relief for developing nations.
Leul Solomon, a SJU senior majoring in accounting and finance (with a concentration in finance) from Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, is a research intern with Exiger Diligence, Inc., which provides global public records research and investigative due diligence to leading financial institutions and multinational corporations.
Jarol Torres, a SJU senior majoring in political science from San Pedro, California, is interning for U.S. Rep. Nanette Diaz Barragán of California.
Elizabeth Varberg, a CSB senior majoring in political science from Camas, Washington, is a marketing intern with the Smithsonian Institution.
Kyle Westra, a SJU senior double-majoring in economics and political science from Bellflower, California, is interning for the United States Congress Joint Economic Committee.
Nathan Williams, a SJU senior majoring in economics from Brooklyn Park, Minnesota, is interning for the Federal Communications Commission’s Office of Strategic Planning.
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FRIDAY, June 28, 2019 (HealthDay News) -- Many kids with tics can suppress them, and learning how they do it could lead to ways to help prevent major tic disorders such as Tourette syndrome, researchers say.
At least 20% of elementary school-age children develop tics, such as excessive blinking, throat clearing or sniffing, but they don't become a long-term problem.
It was believed that most tics go away on their own and only in rare cases become chronic or develop into Tourette syndrome, a neurological disorder marked by involuntary repetitive movements and vocalizations.
But this new study found that in many children, tics don't go away completely. Instead, they learn to suppress them when others are watching.
The study included 45 children, ages 5 to 10, who had recently started experiencing some sort of tic. Thirty were boys, in whom tics are more common. All were examined within a few months after their tics first appeared, and again 12 months after the tics began.
"Our expectation, initially, was that maybe 1 in 10 kids would still have tics at their follow-up exams," said first author Soyoung Kim, postdoctoral research associate at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis. "Most had improved a year later, but to our surprise in every case, the children still had tics -- many of them just controlled them better."
To verify the presence of tics, each child was left alone in a room monitored with a video camera. Most could suppress their tics during exams, but all exhibited tics when left alone.
"I find tics fascinating because they illustrate the interplay between what is volitional and what is involuntary," principal investigator Dr. Kevin Black said in a university news release. "People don't tic on purpose, and most can suppress it for a short period of time, but at some point, it's going to come out."
Black is a professor of psychiatry at Washington University.
"Uncovering just how they are able to control these tics may help other children do the same and perhaps avoid chronic tic disorders such as Tourette syndrome," he said.
A history of anxiety disorders, pronounced tics during the initial exam, and having three or more vocal tics -- such as throat clearing or making other noises -- indicated a likelihood of tics at the one-year follow-up. Kids with higher scores on an autism screening test were also likely to have continued tics, researchers found. None of the study participants had autism.
About 3% of people have chronic tic disorders, Black said.
The findings were published online June 26 in the Journal of Child Neurology.
The University of Wisconsin Health System has more on tics.
<a href="//www.cascadementalhealth.org/poc/view_doc.php?type=news&id=202774&cn=28">How Do Kids Learn To Turn Off Troublesome Tics?</a>
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Carlo Passaglia
Born at Lucca, 9 May, 1812; died at Turin, 12 March, 1887. He entered the Society of Jesus in 1827; when scarcely thirty years old, he was teaching at the Sapienza and was prefect of studies at the German College. In 1845 he took the solemn vows and became professor of dogmatic theology at the Gregorian University. In 1850 he took a leading part in preparing the definition of the dogma of the Immaculate Conception, on which he wrote three large volumes. He showed in his works a rare knowledge of the theological literature of all times. His historico-linguistic method met with criticism. It was said that "he substituted grammar for dogma ". His chief works are: an edition of the "Enchiridion" of St. Augustine, with copious notes (Naples, 1847); "De prærogativis b. Petri" (Rome, 1850); "Conferences" given at the Gésu and published in "Civiltà Cattolica" (1851); "Commentariorum theologicorum partes 3 (1 vol. Rome, 1850-51); "De ecclesia Christi" (3 vols., Ratisbon, 1853 — incomplete); "De æternitate poenarum" (Ratisbon, 1854).
The trouble between Passaglia and his superiors grew steadily more serious; he finally left the Society in 1859. Pius IX gave him a chair at the Sapienza. then he came in contact with the physician Pantaleoni, Cavour's agent; Cavour summoned him to Turin for a personal interview (February, 1861). Afterwards, at Rome, he held several conferences with Cardinal Santucci, and persuaded that the ground was ready, he wrote "Pro causa italica" (1861), which was placed on the Index. Passaglia fled to Turin, where he held the chair of moral philosophy until his death. Ignorant of the world and men, he believed the opponents of temporal power were guided by the best of intentions. He founded the weekly "Il Medicatore" (1862-66), in which he wrote long articles full of undigested erudition, and to which he welcomed the contribution of any priest with a grievance. From 1863 to 1864 he edited the daily, "La Pace", and in 1867, "Il Gerdil", a weekly theological review. He could not say Mass at Turin, and put off the clerical dress. But as regards dogma, he never swerved from the true Faith ; nevertheless he criticized the Syllabus. We have still to mention his book "Sul divozio" (1861) and his refutation of Renan (1864). In 1867 the Bishops of Mondovì and Clifton tried to reconcile him with the Church, but he did not retract until a few months before his death.
8mm Sapphire Swarovski, Capped Our Father Aurora 14 Gold Filled Rosary Bracelet
Sterling Silver Rosary - Round Onyx Beads
St. Benedict 10mm Sterling Silver Rosary Bracelet @ $199.97
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Act of contrition
elizabeth ann seton
girl saints
Our Lady of Lourdes Pillow Case - English Prayer
Why GOD Loves Little Boys Pillow Case - English Prayer
St. Teresa of Avila (Middle School)
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"Yo" is the ridiculously simple app that everyone is downloading
By Leezel Tanglao
June 19, 2014 / 10:26 AM / CBS News
There really is an app for everything -- even one that just sends out the simple two letter greeting, "Yo."
The free app, which is simply called "Yo," is available for iPhone and Android users.
"'Yo' is a single-tap zero character communication tool. Yo is everything and anything, it all depends on you, the recipient and the time of the Yo," according to the app store description.
Developed by San Francisco-based Life Before Us, LLC, the app's creators describe it as "the simplest & most efficient communication tool in the world."
And it is really as simple as it sounds.
Download it, choose the friends you want to send your "Yo" greeting to, and they get a push notification on their phone and that's it. Seriously.
"The 'Yo' itself is the message," "Yo"app creator Or Arbel, told CBS News. "'Yo' is a very generic word that can mean anything."
The app concept emerged when Arbel was asked by his boss at the time, Moshe Hogeg, head of the image-sharing app Mobli, to come up with a way to communicate with his assistant without calling or texting.
Then the idea hit Arbel while he was communicating with friends via WhatsApp. He noticed that "Yo" was a conversation between him and his friends -- so why not make things simple and create an app based on that concept, which requires no typing at all?
Thus the "Yo" app was born -- something Arbel calls "context-based" messaging.
"It's lightweight and you don't have to read the notification. You can choose to ignore it and there's nothing to open," Arbel said.
So far the app has raised $1 million from Hogeg's angel fund and has more than 150,000 users since launching in April, Arbel said.
And they can't stop talking about it:
#Yo app has changed my life forever—I’m never gonna be able to un-tweet about it!
— Michael Wyman (@mjwyman) June 19, 2014
3 of us in the studio just downloaded the Yo app… We annoyed each other so much within the space of 5 minutes, we’ve all just deleted it!
— Jamie Spafford (@JamieSpafford) June 19, 2014
For now, Arbel is focusing acquiring users but eventually hopes to approach companies to use this as a way to get their message across.
"It's very simple. It's a new way to communicate," he said.
So there you have it. As the app creators say, "It's that simple, yo."
First published on June 19, 2014 / 10:26 AM
Popular On CBS News
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Met Costume Institute Gala 2014
Blake Lively and Ryan Reynolds
Blake Lively and Ryan Reynolds attend the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Sarah Jessica Parker attends the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Bradley Cooper attends the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Jay Z and Beyonce
Jay Z and Beyonce attend the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Vogue Editor-in-Chief Anna Wintour attends the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Lupita Nyong'o attends the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Taylor Swift attends the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Kanye West and Kim Kardashian
Kanye West, left, and Kim Kardashian attend the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
David and Victoria Beckham
David Beckham, left, and Victoria Beckham attend the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Emma Stone and Andrew Garfield
Emma Stone, left, and Andrew Garfield attend the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Emmy Rossum attends the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Zoe Saldana attends the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Anne Hathaway attends the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Michelle Williams attends the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Neil Patrick Harris and David Burtka
Neil Patrick Harris and David Burtka attend the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Kirsten Dunst attends the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Johnny Depp and Amber Heard
Johnny Depp and Amber Heard attend the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen
Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen attend the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Anna Kendrick attends the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Gisele Bundchen and Tom Brady
Gisele Bundchen, left, and Tom Brady attend the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Katie Holmes attends the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Hailee Steinfeld attends the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Jessica Pare
Jessica Pare attends the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Allison Williams attends the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Nicole Richie attends the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Karolina Kurkova attends the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Benedict Cumberbatch attends the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Chrissy Teigen and John Legend attend the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Lea Michele attends the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Kate Upton attends the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Joshua Jackson and Diane Kruger
Joshua Jackson and Diane Kruger attend the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Lena Dunham attends the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Rihanna attends the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Reese Witherspoon attends the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Selena Gomez attends the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Olivia Munn attends the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Matt Bomer attends the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Jessica Alba attends the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Zooey Deschanel attends the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Shailene Woodley attends the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Bryan Cranston and Robin Dearden
Bryan Cranston and Robin Dearden attend the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Dakota Johnson attends the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Leighton Meester attends the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Solange Knowles attends the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Chloe Grace Moretz attends the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Zoe Kravitz attends the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Alexi Ashe and Seth Meyers
Alexi Ashe and Seth Meyers attend the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Marion Cotillard attends the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Kristen Wiig attends the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Rashida Jones attends the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Dita Von Teese attends the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Hayden Panettiere attends the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Kristen Stewart attends the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Claire Danes and Hugh Dancy
Claire Danes and Hugh Dancy attend the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Kendall Jenner attends the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Kate Bosworth attends the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Chiwetel Ejiofor and Sari Mercer
Chiwetel Ejiofor and Sari Mercer attend the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Margot Robbie attends the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Dianna Agron attends the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Naomi Campbell attends the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Scott Campbell and Lake Bell
Scott Campbell and Lake Bell attend the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Paul Rudd attends the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Rachel McAdams attends the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Naomi Watts attends the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Erykah Badu attends the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Maggie Gyllenhaal and Jake Gyllenhaal
Maggie Gyllenhaal and Jake Gyllenhaal attend the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Kate Mara attends the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Todd Spiewak and Jim Parsons
Todd Spiewak and Jim Parsons attend the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Amy Adams attends the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Elizabeth Olsen attends the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Cobie Smulders attends the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Idina Menzel attends the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Colin Firth and Livia Giuggioli
Colin Firth and Livia Giuggioli attend the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Hugh Jackman and Deborra-Lee Furness
Hugh Jackman and Deborra-Lee Furness attend the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Lily Allen attends the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Kylie Minogue attends the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Sarah Silverman and Michael Sheen
Sarah Silverman and Michael Sheen attend the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Jared Kushner and Ivanka Trump
Jared Kushner and Ivanka Trump attend the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Rosamund Pike attends the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Lily Aldridge attends the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Janelle Monae attends the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Rosie Huntington-Whiteley attends the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
Karlie Kloss attends the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014, in New York.
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The National Library – Runanga Puka holds valuable information for the people of the Cook Islands and those who seek evidence as prove of our culture and identity. The National Library has a role to collect and preserve the national collection of the Cook Islands and at the same time makes it accessible to the world.
What is the national collection and what has the National Library have to offer? Our culture, history and identity have been recorded or written in book form by many.
Both Cook Islanders and non Cook Islanders who wrote and did research about our country since the 1800s made it possible for our generation today to read about our history, culture and identity. An example of valuable information available is about the Avarua Primary school, who will be celebrationg their 100th anniversary later on this year. In the book by Gilson (edited by Ron. Crocombe) titled “The Cook Islands 1820-1950”, Gilson recorded facts on the school of when it was established, when it was opened, the number of school roles, who were teaching at the school etc…The author has helped us to understand and to appreciate the relevant information written about the history of one of our primary schools.
The availability of this book and many others written about our country becomes our National Collection. It is our hope to look after them for our children now and the future generations to come. Our National Library – Runanga Puka holds many more books and will continue to collect them to build our national collection. This is our History, this is our Identity, this is our Culture, this is our Heritage. People of the Cook Islands, your stories have been told and can be accessed. This is what our National Library has to offer.
Come and visit us at the Tauranga Vananga – Ministry of Cultural Development in Tupapa from Mondays to Fridays (not including Public Holidays) 8am – 4pm and our friendly staff is happy to help you.
National Library Division: 01st – 31st March
MOCD - March 1, 2017
Te Runanga Puka - National Library Staff attends the “Conference for Directors of National Libraries in Asia and Oceania” (CDNL-AO) Meeting in Wellington, 8 to 11 March 2016 The National Library of New Zealand “Te...
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Thibodaux pro athlete plans celebrity hoops event
Chris Singleton Staff Writer @courierchris
Local professional football player Trovon Reed said plans are coming together for his second-annual celebrity basketball event scheduled for 5 p.m. June 29 at Thibodaux High School.
In recent weeks, he has been busy behind the scenes working on details for the event.
“It’s real exciting to see everything unfold,” Reed said. “It’s humbling. It’s great to see the hard work paying off.”
On May 4, Reed announced his first celebrity attending the game in New Orleans Saints star running back Alvin Kamara.
Reed said he is excited to have Kamara in this year’s event.
“It’s big time. He’s a guy who loves the community,” Reed said. “He doesn’t mind doing stuff and helping out with the community, so just to get him is huge. That’s big time for me and my family. I appreciate him helping us out.”
Reed has named other celebrities scheduled to attend, including his host Rob Kazi, Dutchess of Ink and Supa and Lou.
Reed said this year’s event will be even bigger than the inaugural game last year. He will release the names of more celebrities on his Twitter account @TrovonReed.
“They are going to be dropped every other day from here on out,” Reed said. “It’s going to be a great event. I’ve got some great stuff planned. It’s going to be a real good time for everybody.”
At this year’s charity game, Reed said, he will ask everyone to wear a white shirt so they can “white-out” the crowd to honor Thibodaux High’s boys basketball team for winning its first-ever state championship. Reed said fans who wear white shirts will get into the event for $10. Admission will be $20 for any other color shirts.
Reed said there will be more announcements in the coming weeks and surprise guests at the celebrity basketball game. There will be games, prizes and other giveaways for fans.
He said he wants the fans to have fun, dance and enjoy themselves. He will give away a cash prize of $1,000 for the “most lit fan” in the building.
“We want everybody to come and have fun,” Reed said. “It’s going to be party this time. There will be no sitting in their seats enjoying the game. This is a party. It’s a celebration.”
Although the event will attract many sports and music stars, Reed said it is more than just a basketball game. All proceeds will go to the Trovon Reed Foundation.
Reed, who spent time with the Birmingham Iron of the new Alliance of American Football League this year, said he started the foundation in the memory of his mother, Roszaina Johnson, who died from cancer in 2009. He has dedicated his life and his career to playing in his mother’s memory.
After seeing the struggles his mother went through as a single mother and cancer patient, Reed said, he wanted to help other families going through similar problems.
Reed said he was touched to see the community come out in droves to support last year’s event, which featured 22 local vendors selling food, drinks and other items for fundraising causes.
Reed said he also wants to use the event to encourage area youth to strive for excellence in school and to become positive contributors in the community. He will have doctors, lawyers and other professions in the building to inspire local kids.
“It’s for the kids to see that you just don’t have to play ball or rap,” Reed said. “I got all types of people coming down. It’s going to be huge. Come ready to party. It’s going to be on. We’re going to make history.”
Tickets for the celebrity game can be purchased online at trovonreed.net.
Area vendors are also welcomed to participate during this year’s event. E-mail trovonreedfoundation@gmail.com for more information.
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Chandigarh in Tel Aviv
Congratulating Dr. Philippe Cohen, Fabien Naudan, Emmanuel Berard and everyone at the French auction house Artcurial for the opening a new representation in Tel Aviv, which comes to create events and craft ties with clients and cultural institutions in the region. The first event by the auction house opens on October 2nd, a six-day selling exhibition entitled “Le Corbusier & Pierre Jeanneret: Chandigarh in Tel Aviv. I love the title, which marks the similarities between the Indian and the Israeli towns, both modernist utopias, which were created from scratch four decades apart. On show are furniture pieces which Pierre Jeanneret created for the public buildings of the first planned city in post-independence India, designed by his cousin Le Corbusier and built in 1947. With Chandigarh, the new capital of the Indian state of Punjab, Le Corbusier was given the opportunity to create his urban dream. The architectural furniture was recently rediscovered by dealers and collectors worldwide, and the market was formulated at Artcurial. This pioneering scene will enable Israelis to seriously start collecting design.
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Malcolm Harkins
Shawn Taylor
ForeScout Technologies
International Cyber Security Protection Alliance
NSA Director Alexander to Retire
Four-Star General Also Will Relinquish Cyber Command Eric Chabrow (GovInfoSecurity) • October 17, 2013
Gen. Keith Alexander
Gen. Keith Alexander, the most powerful cybersecurity official in the U.S. federal government, will step down next spring as head of the National Security Agency and the military's Cyber Command and retire from the Army after 40 years of service.
"He's served well beyond a normal rotation, having been extended three times since he became NSA's director in 2005," NSA spokeswoman Vanee Vines says.
Alexander has been under fire in recent months since the disclosure by former NSA contractor Edward Snowden of a number of classified government programs, many conducted by the agency, to collect information on other governments and amass telephone and Internet records of American citizens (see NSA E-Spying: Bad Governance).
"This has nothing to do with the media leak," Vines says. "The decision for his retirement was made prior, and agreement was made with the SECDEF (secretary of defense) and the chairman more than a year ago - to [retire] March 2014."
Bruce McConnell, the former top ranking cybersecurity official at the Department of Homeland Security, characterizes Alexander as a "grounding-breaking visionary," who shaped the future of cyberspace as a military and intelligence domain. But, McConnell says, "the policy and political implications of his vision have proven to be his major blind spot."
At a Senate hearing, Alexander said the leak has caused great harm to the nation (see NSA Won't Jettison Contractors, Yet). "The consequence of this is that our security has been jeopardized," Alexander said. "There is no doubt in my mind that we will lose capabilities as a result of this, and not only the United States but those allies that we have helped will no longer be as safe as they were two weeks ago."
Security expert and author Bruce Schneier defends Alexander, saying faulting the NSA and its leader for creating a surveillance effort to collect information on Americans would be the same as blaming the U.S. military for conducting the Iraq war. In a recent essay he wrote: "Alexander is performing the mission given to him as best he can, under the rules he has been given, with the sort of zeal you'd expect from someone promoted into that position."
Dual Resposibilities
The way the position is structured, the director of the NSA - the federal government's electronic spying agency headquartered in the Defense Department - also heads the Cyber Command, part of the U.S. Strategic Command, which synchronizes the defense of U.S. military networks.
"Keith was the right choice for the the combined job," McConnell says. "Now, the posts should be split. History teaches that the consolidation of authority across defense and intelligence lines can be dangerous, and this is particularly true in cyberspace."
Schneier, too, suggests the two jobs should be separated. "The posts are too different, and the potential for abuse is too great when they're combined," he says.
Richard Stiennon, chief research analyst at the advisory firm IT-Harvest and author of the book "Surviving Cyberwar," shares that point of view, adding that the next NSA leader should refocus its mission to emphasize the agency's original purpose of intercepting and analyzing electronic signals transmitted by the nation's adversaries. "The overriding concern with tracking down terrorists must be displaced with understanding capabilities and intent of major powers," he says.
The transition to a new NSA leader, Stiennon says, could provide an opportunity for the president and Congress to redefine the agency's mission and "investigate how things became so bad, rein in the rogue agency and establish new systems of transparency, oversight and accountability."
Alexander's term was extended in 2009; again in 2010, when the Cyber Command was established; and a third time earlier this year (see Gates Defines Military Cyber Command's Role). "The process for selecting his successor is ongoing," Vines says.
Although not officially announced, NSA's deputy director Chris Inglis is expected to retire by early next year.
The departure of Alexander will give President Obama, with approval of the Senate, a chance to select the most powerful cybersecurity official in government. One of the names surfacing as a possible successor is Vice Adm. Michael Rogers, who heads the Navy's Cyber Command.
Mobile Device Thefts Lead Breach Roundup
Obama Picks New DHS Secretary
https://www.databreachtoday.com/nsa-director-alexander-to-retire-a-6153
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Dave Loew
The International Cellist
DAVE LOEW is an International cellist spanning a forty year career performing in Australia and Britain with his albums selling in numerous countries around the world.
DAVE has played the cello (which became a lifelong love and passion) from the age of six in one of the world's toughest industries, that of a solo performer on commercial records. His many genres of music are drawn from his exotic family legacy of classical, jazz and dance artists. Dave's formative 'cello days were spent in Kenya, his birthplace near the Serengeti plains and the vibrant sounds of animal wildlife, both his parents were show business star personalities in London's West End,who had migrated from a blitzed wartime London to start a new life in Nairobi.
Dave has released several albums; his latest a 3-album budget set THE ART SERIES and ROMANCE OF THE CELLO. Other titles being CHILLED OUT CELLO, AT THE MOVIES, CLASSICAL CELLO, THE BEATLES AND FRIENDS, and 2-CD Set ROMANCE OF THE CELLO.
DAVE has worked with many top London ensembles including the London Symphony Orchestra where Andre Previn acclaimed his solo playing for Previn's world premiere of the musical Every Good Boy. He has also played in numerous, famous recording studios such as Abbey Road ,on major classical and pop albums over the years working with legends such as Elton John, Cliff Richard, Petula Clark, David Essex and opera stars such as Pavarotti, Sutherland and Caballe. He has also played solo 'cello for shows in the West End and Australia, such as Andrew Lloyd Webber’s Cats and Song and Dance , for which he was lauded for his solo playing. Extensive playing was also part of Dave's kaleidoscope of experience working for film moguls such as John Williams, Jerry Goldsmith, Henry Mancini and Roy Budd on such iconic movies as the original Superman, The Omen, Victor Victoria, James Bond, The 39 Steps, and many more.
Dave was fortunate to study with the Internationally renowned teacher and cellist Christopher Bunting for twenty years in London, while there he also created and marketed his own record label - SAFARI IN CLASSICS in 1999 creating both national fan clubs and sales , which went on to sell several hundred thousand albums in Britain and internationally. Fans include Stella McCartney, Rob Lowe and Edward Fox as well as people from all creeds and walks of life.
Dave has been principal cellist with the Australian Ballet and Opera in Melbourne, the Melbourne Symphony and Sydney Symphony Orchestra. Dave recorded DEBUT his very first solo album in Sydney for Polygram in 1987 which quickly went to Platinum sales and is still in demand today!
After returning to Australia in 2011 he released his Album Collection and undertook extensive appearances nationally which propelled the albums to the top of the best sellers list. Dave has of course given many recitals on radio and in concert, and he retains his love of “core” classical repertoire and plans to record three of the immortal J.S. Bach solo cello suites this year.
Emma Ayres ABC Interview with Dave Loew
Dave Loew's albums are released by FANFARE RECORDS (AMBITION ENTERTAINMENT) in Australia through all good music stores including Sanity and JB Hi-Fi, Fish Fine Music and all good stockists. Dave's album collection is now released digitally worldwide on Apple iTunes, Spotify and Amazon.
In 2018, Dave continues to bring his popular collection to both unorthodox venues such as designer brands and malls as well as concerts and tours with his new and innovative "Pop Up Concerts" in Australian cities. These will prove to be a talking point in the media arts!
Further recordings in the pipeline include the legendary JS Bach solo suites in a tribute to Dave's mentor, the late cello icon teacher Christopher Bunting who himself had studied with the great Pablo Casals, discoverer of the cello suites.
Dave Loew Productions CV
2018/19 Dave will continue to develop both new albums, innovative concerts and tours, taking his acclaimed albums across new frontiers and boundaries!
Dave presented revolutionary Concert Shows in Australia when he created the country's first privately funded professional orchestra THE NATIONAL ARTS ORCHESTRA.
The NAO was launched at the famous WORLD EXPO in Brisbane in 1988 with an acclaimed performance the IRVING BERLIN 100TH BIRTHDAY CONCERT playing to 12,000 people. This also won the EXPO award for excellence.
Founded SAFARI IN CLASSICS RECORD Label in Britain with three commercial released albums and current releases.
Signed up to PICKWICK and POLYGRAM RECORDS, Australia and UK.
Further productions include:
Produced all his albums
Formula One Grand Prix Ball in Adelaide
Sydney Opera House Magic of The Great Classics
Qantas, Sheraton, Hobart: Phantom of the Opera Ball,
Powerhouse Museum, Prom Concert
World Expo Brisbane Irving Berlin Tribute 100th (award for excellence)
Sheraton Mirage Gold Coast and Hilton Andrew Lloyd Webber Collection
© Dave Loew 2012-2019. All Rights Reserved.
Site by Monkeygum
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Home / key enablers / Australia and Japan meet amid global defence tensions
Australia and Japan meet amid global defence tensions
Australian Defence Minister Senator Marise Payne and Minister for Foreign Affairs Julie Bishop alongside Japanese counterparts Foreign Minister Fumio Kishida and Defense Minister Tomomi Inada.
key enablers | 22 April 2017 | Reporter
By: Reporter
Minister for Foreign Affairs Julie Bishop and Minister for Defence Marise Payne travelled to Japan this week to advance Australia's relationship with its “closest strategic partner in Asia”.
The ministers participated in the seventh Australia-Japan 2+2 Foreign and Defence Ministers’ Meeting with Japanese counterparts, Foreign Minister Fumio Kishida and Defense Minister Tomomi Inada.
In a joint statement, the Australian ministers said they "welcomed the closer engagement between Japan and Australia since the sixth 2+2 meeting, including Prime Minister Abe’s visit to Australia in January 2017", and they "reaffirmed their determination o further enhance the special strategic partnership between the two countries, founded on common values and strategic interests including democracy, human rights, the rule of law, open markets and free trade".
In response to the growing threat of a hostile North Korea, Japan has sought to expand its defensive role and capabilities.
The minister's statement said they reiterated condemnation in the strongest terms of North Korea’s nuclear tests, multiple ballistic missile launches and proliferation activities, and they strongly urged North Korea to cease its destabilising and provocative actions immediately and to fully comply with its international obligations and commitments, including those under relevant United Nations Security Council resolutions.
They also welcomed the unanimous adoption of UN Security Council Resolution 2321 and emphasised the importance of enhancing pressure on North Korea through full, thorough and sustained implementation by member states of all relevant UN Security Council resolutions, including Resolutions 2270 and 2321. They strongly urged North Korea to end its human rights violations, to resolve the abductions issue immediately and to focus on the great unmet needs of the people of North Korea.
At the meeting, the ministers reaffirmed their commitment to further enhance trilateral co-operation between Australia, Japan and the US, underlining the importance of the Trilateral Strategic Dialogue and the Trilateral Defence Ministers’ Meeting. This comes on the back Malcolm Turnbull's recent visit to India and his speech at the National Defence College.
The ministers also welcomed the signing of the 2016 Trilateral Information Sharing Arrangement as one of the concrete outcomes of the Security and Defence Cooperation Forum.
While in Japan, Defence Minister Payne had to address rumours of lingering tension from Japan over missing out on the mulit-billion dollar contract to French company DCNS to build Australia's Future Submarines.
Senator Payne told reporters on Thursday that Australia and Japan were only focused on future opportunities for defence co-operation and that "we are more than capable of moving on".
In August last year when DCNS were announced as the winner of the contract, Japan's then defence minister Gen Nakatani told Reuters the Australian government's decision was "deeply regrettable" after former prime minister Tony Abbott made an informal agreement with Prime Minister Shinzo Abe to award the contract to Japan.
RAAF’s No. 77 Squadron celebrates unique anniversary
Defence Connect encourages respectful, challenging and constructive debate. We welcome your opinions if they are focused on the subject and ideas at hand. Comments which are defamatory, hostile, obscene or prejudicial will not be published.
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Type R Challenge 2018
New front-wheel drive production car lap record of 2mins 53.72secs at Spa-Francorchamps circuit
Super GT driver and LMP2 champion Bertrand Baguette sets the new record in standard production Type R, with road tyres
Record in Belgium second success of ‘Type R Challenge 2018'
Further attempts at famous European race circuits to be made through summer 2018
After setting a lap record at the Magny-Cours GP circuit just last month, the high-performance hatchback has set a new lap record front-wheel drive production lap record of 2mins 53.72secs at Spa-Francorchamps in Belgium. The Type R was piloted by former FIA WEC LMP2 class World Champion, Bertrand Baguette, who is currently racing a Honda NSX-GT in the Super GT series with Nakajima Racing.
The Spa-Francorchamps circuit is one of the longest tracks in the racing seasons of many categories at 7.004km, and features very fast straights and high-speed corners, along with more technical low-speed sections and significant elevation changes. The class-leading acceleration and outright speed of the Civic Type R’s 2.0-litre VTEC TURBO engine enabled Baguette to exploit the long straights and accelerate quickly out of the sweeping corners.
Aerodynamic performance was also critical to the lap time, and Civic Type R’s finely-honed design, with a smooth underbody, front air curtain, slim rear wing and vortex generators contributed to superior levels of high-speed stability. In the car’s +R mode, the Adaptive Damper System produces a firm and flat ride ideal for track driving, enabling more speed to be carried through Spa-Francorchamps’ famous Eau Rouge and Kemmel Straight sections.
Speaking about the Type R and the way it handles, Bertrand Baguette said: “With a front-wheel-drive usually you always expect understeer, but this car is so balanced. Straight away you get a lot of confidence as it gives you a lot of feedback through the steering wheel, especially in +R mode. The chassis is very rigid, the rear is very stable and the front is biting really well to give you a lot of front grip. The aero package really helps the car feel planted at high speed, and it’s amazing the level of traction.
“For me as a race car driver, it’s clear that Type R is born for the track, but it also feels just as right on the streets in everyday driving. When I sit in the car, it is very comfortable and the visibility all round is very good.”
Honda set the original benchmark time at Spa-Francorchamps during a similar challenge in 2016, using the previous-generation Civic Type R. It also claimed record lap times at Silverstone, Estoril, and the Hungaroring. The 2018 edition of the challenge will revisit these three tracks through the summer.
Other drivers confirmed for the remaining Type R Challenge 2018 circuit record attempts include former Formula 1 World Champion and current NSX Super GT driver Jenson Button (UK), WTCR driver Tiago Monteiro (Portugal) and BTCC legend Matt Neal (UK).
The new benchmark time for the Spa-Francorchamps circuit is the third lap record to be claimed by the new Honda Civic Type R. In April 2017, a production development car became the fastest front-wheel drive production car ever around the Nürburgring Nordschleife, with a lap time of 7mins 43.8secs. Last month WTCR driver, Esteban Guerrieri, set a new 2mins 01.51secs lap record for a front-wheel-drive production car at the Magny-Cours GP circuit in France, as part of the Type R Challenge.
The new Honda Civic Type R retains the heritage of Honda’s high-performance hatchback bloodline and is the fastest accelerating and quickest car in its class. The latest car to sport the famous ‘red H’ was part of the all-new tenth-generation Civic’s development programme – the largest in Honda’s history – and was engineered to deliver the most rewarding drive in the hot hatch segment, both on road and on the race track. It features a lightweight, highly rigid bodyshell, low centre of gravity, and sophisticated dual-axis strut front suspension system, which reduces torque steer and enhances on-the-limit cornering.
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Mormon meetinghouse a shelter for Mexico earthquake victims; Elder Pieper visits
By Tad Walch @tad_walch
Published: September 16, 2017 8:20 pm
Esli Dan Hernandez Gomez, LDS Church
Elder Paul B. Pieper, president of the Mexico Area of the LDS Church, prays with church members in JuchitÁn, Oaxaca, Mexico on Thursday, Sept. 14, 2017.
Why some Mormons in Jacksonville wore jeans and T-shirts to church
Church offering relief, support in aftermath of deadly quake in southern Mexico
Mormon missionaries reported safe after Mexico's most powerful quake in decades
SALT LAKE CITY — The LDS Church donated 10,000 food supply kits and 300 camping tents in the last week to help victims of the major Sept. 7 earthquake in Oaxaca, Mexico.
Meanwhile, Elder Paul B. Pieper, Mexico Area president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, visited the area to encourage victims as they rebuild.
Elder Pieper met at a collection center Thursday with the president of Oaxaca's System for the Integral Development of the Family, Ivette Morán Rodríguez de Murat, who thanked him for the donations. The group is a social services agency.
"We need hands, we need what each can contribute to support the victims," Morán told Elder Pieper. "There is much to do in Oaxaca. We must work together in heartfelt solidarity, and we are grateful not to be alone."
The earthquake registered 8.2 on the Richter scale and killed more than 90 people. Estimates of the number affected by the quake range as high as 2.3 million people.
Elder Pieper visited the meetinghouse of the Cheguigo Ward, which is serving as a temporary shelter, where h e received reports from local LDS leaders.
He also met and encouraged families. Jorge Toledo said his family was sleeping when the earthquake hit.
“We barely managed to get out,” he said, noting the house is now too rickety to re-enter. “We lost everything.”
Elder Pieper later met with leaders of the church’s Juchitán and Juchitán las Flores stakes.
"This is an event that will define our individual lives as well as our community for many years,” he told them. He called the earthquake an opportunity to make progress. “Let's make sure this natural disaster is not a spiritual disaster. Let's make sure it is a spiritual blessing."
The church issued a statement a day after the earthquake:
"With the rest of the world, we are deeply concerned about the many natural disasters that have occurred around the globe in recent weeks. Last night's earthquake in Mexico affected thousands of people, and we pray for their safety and well-being. Two missions of the church were directly impacted (the Mexico Tuxtla Gutierrez and Mexico Oaxaca Missions), and the quake was felt throughout a much larger region. We have confirmed that all missionaries are safe and well. The condition of other church facilities and the earthquake's impact to other members are unknown at this time. We will provide additional information as it becomes available."
Tad Walch Tad Walch covers The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints for the Deseret News.
@tad_walch
twalch@deseretnews.com
Faith yesterday Does it make sense for the Trump administration to expand religious freedom protections and crack down on illegal immigration at the same time?
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Dango's c-blog
Well I like it...
10:37 AM on 04.11.2015 (server time) 0
Opinions are like assholes - mine is the only right one!
Sorry, let me start over...
Sometimes, people disagree with each other. Sometimes, these disagreements can be over something as simple as entertainment. Sometimes, this makes people want to write a friendly blog about it, rather than argue. Sometimes, there's a man.
You probably already know what's coming up, but in case you don't, this is what you're in for: A list of games that the general public seems to dislike to varying degrees, all of which I found myself enjoying (also to varying degrees). It's not a list of "underrated" games, because that really is a bit dishonest. People might have very good reasons for not liking these games, even if I don't necessarily understand them. I do not share these reasons, though, and as I enjoyed all the games mentioned, I will do my very best to defend them.
Note that I'm basing this on general public rather than review scores, as I feel that the former is what matters most in the long run. A lot of reviewers are very forgiving, after all, while fans of a franchise are more likely to be extremely critical. Fittingly enough, every single game mentioned here is part of a series, and I have no doubt that this has a lot to do with their relatively poor public reception.
So let's get started. I like:
While easily the mildest case here, BioShock Infinite has definitely taken enough of a verbal ass-beating to deserve just a little bit of defense. It might have been praised to the skies (where it also takes place) by critics all over the world, but that doesn't change the fact that there was a period of time where people would constantly post a particularly harsh criticism video in the comment sections of pretty much every article related to it, just to prevent it from getting too much praise.
Having recently played through the original BioShock, I get it. I get that it's a completely different game, that it took away several mechanics, and that it went in a far more action oriented direction than previously. BioShock was almost more about planning ahead and preparing for the combat than it was about the combat itself, while Infinite is all about fast paced shootouts in huge arenas. Furthermore, I get people's disappointment with the story, as Columbia really doesn't even remotely compare to Rapture, and the characters aren't quite as compelling.
But none of that was enough to drastically worsen my opinion of the game. I just had a really good time with it, and nothing will ever change that. If anything, playing BioShock just made me hate Doom 3 even more, as it did something similar yet far more interesting. Infinite, on the other hand, is a completely different thing. It's a fun, crazy, chaotic shooter with a ton of neat and creative ideas, which is only made better by its beautiful art direction.
For everything it took away from its predecessor, it added something cool and new on its own, and I think the result of that is pretty great.
I've never played Splinter Cell: Conviction, or Double Agent for that matter. Not a fan of how those games altered Sam Fisher's iconic (and fucking sweet) character design, so after starting with the highly praised Chaos Theory, I decided to move on with Blacklist. The differences were notable, but overall I'd say the transition felt pretty smooth and natural.
So why exactly do people act like the two have little to nothing in common? I get that a lot of this comes from Conviction, but a lot of criticisms against Blacklist seem pretty unfair to me. It's a bit streamlined, but the things I liked about Chaos Theory are still there, with gameplay that feels much smoother than that game ever managed. It even adds the ability to buy new weapons and gadgets that you can use in previous missions, which is a huge improvement if you ask me, because it plays to the biggest strenght of stealth games in general: replayability. New gadgets let you play old missions in new ways, and doing so is always very exciting to me. Aside from all this, it's a very polished game, full of excellent character animations and environment design.
Granted, the game does have plenty of rough spots, and it never quite lives up to its true potential, but the potential to do so is still there. At its worst, it's forcing you through scripted action scenes while telling you a really stupid story with a terrible morale, but at its best, it's an incredibly tense stealth experience with plenty of depth to it. Most of its best just happens to be Grim's missions, in which getting caught is a non-option. How that doesn't satisfy stealth purists is beyond me, especially since higher difficulties allow you to turn off the somewhat controversial Mark and Execute feature.
Blacklist is far from perfect, but I think it's still pretty good once you get past the second level. I've returned to it a number of times, and chances are I'll probably do it again in the near future.
Small roster. Unbalanced characters. An underwhelming amount of stages. Awkward jumping.
Looking back, Tekken 4 almost seems like it was designed to be some sort of weird prototype to the far more popular Tekken 5. In many areas, it seriously underdelivered in comparison to previous installments. Yet back in the day, it was still a huge deal. This was the main reason for me getting a PS2, a system with such a huge library that it forever changed the amount of games I'd be satisfied with owning. I used to be fine with about 6-7 games, but my PS2 collection grew like crazy, and all of it started with Tekken 4 (although The Mark of Kri was still the first PS2 game I played).
To start, it was the first Tekken with walls. To me, that was the coolest thing about it back then. Stages were no longer flat. Now you could actually use walls (and even roofs) to your advantage, and the different environments were no longer just for show. As you can imagine, this changed everything, and I loved it. Some walls were even breakable. There was no better way to K.O. an opponent than using them no destroy a phonebooth or a pillar.
It's also important to mention that this game had the best version of Tekken Force, by far the best piece of single player content the franchise has ever had. Tekken Force was fun in 3 and all, but 4's version is the best. It feels like a very legit beat-em-up, but with a ton of player characters available, and everyone feels so much different to play as in this mode. Tekken Force as Bryan is a completely different experience than Tekken Force as Christie, and that gave it a lot of replayability. Seriously, why isn't this in more recent Tekken games? Imagine how amazing it would have been in Tekken Tag 2.
Oh, and it introduced some pretty great characters like Steve and Marduk (and Christie, but she was an Eddy clone), and finally gave Jin his own unique moveset. It's got a lot of things going for it once you look past the rough spots.
It's fiiiine!
Honestly, I don't know what everyone's deal is with this game, but for some reason, everyone seems to agree that this is one of the worst Sonic games of all time, even though this franchise has been consistently shitting itself since the late 90's. Is it as good as the ones that came before? No, I wouldn't say so, but is it as bad as some of the stuff that came after? Fuck no, not even remotely!
As long as you play it on something that has an analogue stick, it is perfectly playable. That alone should elevate it far beyond the Adventure games, and pretty much all the proper 3D games, in which the concept of "control" seems like more of an afterthought. With this in mind, there isn't much else I should need to defend. You run around a level, collect all the birds and find the exit. The levels are fun, open and well designed. The art and theming is all pretty well done. The soundtrack is very good too, and I believe there are even two versions of it, depending on the system you play it on. Overall, while not a masterpiece, I think it's a pretty decent game.
Yet, despite this, I've heard it being compared to games like Sonic '06, which is just ridiculous to me. My theory is that some people played it back in the day using a d-pad, had a hard time controlling it, hated it, and then decided to spread the hate until it almost became legendary. It seems unreal that people experiencing it the way I did would hate it so much. I don't even like isometric games all that much, but I still managed to enjoy this one a lot.
I hope people will give this game another chance one day. It is the most hated one on this list by far, even though it probably deserves it the least.
Confession time: I only bought this game because of the character creator. It's the only fighting game I know of that has this feature, and after learning about it, I knew I had to try it out. I don't know anything about SoulCalibur. Never once did I actually bother learning that much about the game, and I still have no idea how to pull off those cheap super-moves, and I don't care. Being able to make characters like Dickface, O'Deer and Ma' Suag has been worth everything. It's all I ever wanted from this game, and it delivered masterfully.
Obviously, a long-time fan will have a different perspective, and the actual fans of the series apparently despise this installment. Even the previous one seems to have been divisive, but I have never seen any fan of the series defend this one. I have no idea what it did wrong, but again, I don't care. This isn't about me straight up disagreeing with anyone as much as simply caring about different things. I never expected a great, hardcore fighting game, I expected a game where I could give a character a penis for a head, and that is exactly what I got. The actual fighting in this game will always be secondary to me.
SoulCalibur V probably won't ever sell me on the series, either, as I've never felt compelled to play as any of the regular characters. None of them appeal to me in the slightest, and I like my own fighters much more, even if many of them say the same things. I also don't like the SoulCalibur version of Yoshimitsu. His design is wank, his voice is dumb and he speaks English! What!? At least I managed to fix 2/3 of those problems with my own Yoshimitsu, one that's based on the kick-ass Tekken 3 version, with a voice that's no longer makes him sound like a 12 year old. I was even allowed to just name him 'Yoshimitsu', and that makes it really hard for me to stay mad at the game.
You're alright, SoulCalibur V, at least to a stranger like me.
If any of you folks out there have similar relationships with certain games, feel free to put them in the comments, or write another blog, or do neither. You can do what you want. FREEDOM!
Dango
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About Dangoone of us since 10:28 AM on 11.09.2011
Art by the fantastic Roberto Plankton
Phalanxification by the bombastic ZombZ
The cream of my video game crop (no longer in alphabetical order):
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Home / Naomi Jagoda / News / Trump's regulatory approach will boost incomes by $3,100: White House
Trump's regulatory approach will boost incomes by $3,100: White House
June 28, 2019 Naomi Jagoda, News
President Trump's approach to federal regulations will raise real incomes annually by $3,100 per household after five to 10 years, the White House Council of Economic Advisers (CEA) estimated in a report released Friday.
“Deregulation is the cornerstone of the president's pro-growth economic policies,” Tomas Philipson, a CEA member, said on a call with reporters.
The Trump administration has rolled back regulations issued by previous administrations and has also introduced new regulations at a slower rate than past administrations.
CEA focused much of its report on 20 of the administration's deregulatory actions, which it said will save consumers and businesses about $220 billion per year once they fully take effect.
The council said that the Trump administration's actions will have a bigger impact than the deregulation of the trucking and airline industries started under former President Jimmy Carter's administration.
CEA said that the administration's approach to regulations reduces prices in areas such as health care and telecommunications.
"These deregulatory actions are raising real incomes by increasing competition, productivity, and wages and by reducing the prices of consumer goods, while maintaining regulatory protections for workers, public health, safety, and the environment," CEA wrote.
CEA estimated that the portion of Trump's tax law repealing ObamaCare's individual mandate will save people $28 billion per year, and it estimated that the measure Trump signed last year to roll back parts of the Dodd-Frank banking law will produce savings of $6 billion per year.
Robert Weissman, president of the consumer advocacy group Public Citizen, criticized the report.
"This is bad fiction," he said.
For example, Weissman argued that the administration's actions in the drug-pricing area have only had a trivial impact. He also argued that the report ignored benefits of regulations.
Naomi Jagoda, Khareem Sudlow
Trump's regulatory approach will boost incomes by $3,100: White House Reviewed by DMT.NEWS on June 28, 2019 Rating: 5
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Abuse in Rigpa - Discussion
Meditation Culture/
Abuse in Rigpa
Meditation Culture
Abuse in Rigpa Jack 11/12/18 2:57 AM
RE: Abuse in Rigpa Jack 11/12/18 3:12 AM
Dear all.
I have had the opportunity to work with some people on the problem of student abuse in Rigpa. So I have opted to focus on that for the upcoming conference, rather than on women in pragmatic dharma. Thanks to everyone for your stories, I'm really grateful. I'll return to them and to you at a later point.
It's really important to be having the conversation about student abuse at the moment, and we've had our paper proposal "Personal reflections from women involved in Rigpa and the aftershocks of the fall of Sogyal Rinpoche" accepted for the conference, so we are working on that. It's obviously quite full on for the people involved.
If you've any comments to make on this subject, please do. Many thanks, I hope everyone is doing well. Jack.
(If you want to email personally, my email is iamjackwicks at gmail dot com)
RE: Abuse in Rigpa
11/12/18 3:12 AM as a reply to Jack.
This is the abstract for it.... the authors are myself and two other women.
In July 2017 eight senior students of well-known Tibetan Buddhist teacher Sogyal Rinpoche, founder of Rigpa and author of the best-selling Tibetan Book of Living and Dying, wrote their teacher a letter which soon went viral and sent shockwaves through the Buddhist community worldwide. The detailed 12 page letter outlined years of physical, emotional, and sexual abuse of students and the use of donations to support an extravagant and gluttonous lifestyle. In the wake of the public scandal, including the response from His Holiness the Dalai Lama, Sogyal Rinpoche stood aside from his position.
Yet the Rigpa community remains deeply divided, with many students within the organisation choosing to remain loyal to their former Guru and eager to justify his behaviour in terms of Vajrayana teachings on Guru devotion. A number of Tibetan lamas have expressed similar support for the former head of Rigpa.
We present personal reflections from women involved in Rigpa as they attempt to heal their personal and practice lives after the devastating loss of faith in their teacher. A common theme is the harm that his actions, and his manipulative use of Buddhist teachings to justify them, wrought upon the lives of so many sincere practitioners. They reject the notion that his violent and abusive behaviour has any place within Vajrayana Buddhism or within any ethical framework based on the teachings of the Buddha.
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TOP STORIES / Environment
Pipeline wars: Front line in the fight against climate change
As new pipelines expand the flow of dirty fossil fuels globally, environmental activists are joining with social justice and indigenous rights movements to cut off climate change-inducing oil and gas at the source.
When climate activists took over the office of long-time United States Democratic congresswoman (also former and likely future Speaker of the House) Nancy Pelosi on November 12, they were joined by the youngest member of the newly elected Congress.
"I am proud of each and every single one of you for putting yourselves and your bodies and everything on the line to make sure we save our planet, our generation and our future," said New York representative-elect Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez.
Just two years earlier, Ocasio-Cortez was a 27-year-old bartender who joined the protest at the Standing Rock Sioux tribe camp to stop the Dakota Access Pipeline. She came away inspired to help bring change via election to the US Congress.
"My journey here started at Standing Rock, and it started with everyday people doing what you all are doing," she told the protesters last week, before explaining the Democrats' New Green Deal that would promote jobs while protecting the environment.
Ocasio-Cortez isn't the only one to be politicized over a fossil fuel pipeline.
Galvanizing a movement
The #NoDAPL anti-pipeline movement at Standing Rock focused global resistance to change-inducing fossil fuels on the oil industry's attempts to expand their flow.
From gas pipelines between Asia and Europe, to the web of infrastructure transporting high-carbon Alberta tar sands oil across North America, to pipes crisscrossing the Niger Delta and traversing the southern highlands of Mexico, local communities, environmentalists, social justice activists and indigenous rights movements — and sometimes armed militants — have been fiercely resisting pipelines.
"There's no question that the Dakota Access Pipeline has galvanized this movement," Charlie Kronick, a UK Greenpeace campaigner and oil industry analyst, told DW.
"The combination of the trampling of the human rights of indigenous and local communities, the underplaying and ignoring of the local environmental impacts, combined with the fact that [for example] the tar sands are not compatible with a future that deals with climate change in any meaningful way," has created a "perfect storm," Kronick said.
The Standing Rock Sioux protests galvanized a movement
Though US President Donald Trump thwarted the Standing Rock protesters' attempt to stop the fracking gas pipeline, pipeline protesters have also seen a number of victories.
Construction of the controversial Keystone XL and Trans Mountain pipelines, which ship crude bitumen across the US and the planet, have both been halted by federal court cases since August.
Read more: Protests threaten to halt controversial Canadian oil pipeline
In the former case, decided on November 8, the judge said there had been a failure to take a "hard look" at the impact of the Keystone XL on global climate change, after Trump overturned his predecessor's decision to stop construction.
'Not here, not anywhere'
Europeans are also resisting gas pipelines to funnel Russian and Central Asian fossil fuels to the continent. The Nord Stream gas pipeline planned to run through the Baltic Sea has come under fire over its implications for local communities, the climate and marine life.
And in Italy, the so-called #NoTAP movement has emerged to stop planned construction of the Trans Adriatic Pipeline, the last stage of the Southern Gas Corridor reaching from Azerbaijan to Italy and part of the European Union's strategy to reduce reliance on Russian gas.
NoTAP's slogan is simple: "Not here, not anywhere." Local activists in Puglia, through which the pipeline will arrive after crossing the Adriatic, fear their fish stocks and idyllic coastline will be vulnerable to spills. The pipeline also threatens 1,600 ancient olive trees which stand in its path.
Allegations of mafia involvement, money laundering and corruption leading back to the Azerbaijani regime are also feeding the resistance — NoTAP signs abound in Puglia.
In March 2017, riot police clashed with protesters attempting to block the cutting of centuries-old olive trees for the pipeline. Some locals later received fines of up to €10,000 ($11,500) for protesting; others were banned from the area for three years.
As at Standing Rock, where protesters had been pepper-sprayed and reportedly attacked by police dogs, the view that state police are acting as the security arm of private corporations has further fired up protesters.
"You have a lot of human rights violations, and practices of criminalizing dissent," Anna Di Ronco of the Department of Sociology at the University of Essex, co-author of a 2018 article on the #NoTAP protests and their use of social media, told DW.
The NoTAP protests, involving many olive oil producers who are among the poorest people in the country and perceive no economic benefit from the pipeline, began as more of a social justice than environment movement, Di Ronco said.
But in the wake of #NoDAPL, the anti-TAP movement also began to cite environmental arguments about climate change, tapping into a broader movement.
Growing civil disobedience
When pipelines do go in, protesters are increasingly resorting to sabotage.
In October, 2016 nine climate activists, the so-called "valve turners," stalled the flow of tar sands oil from Canada to the US by accessing emergency valves in four states — and stopping 2.8 million barrels of oil from flowing, roughly 15 percent of daily US consumption. They were quickly arrested. "I'm just more afraid of climate change than I am of prison," one activist said.
In a stunning victory, the charges against them were dismissed in October.
Protesters battle Trump's decision to revive pipeline
The symbolism of pipelines as the front line of the struggle against fossil fuels is a relatively recent phenomenon in the global North. But for Nigeria, the scene of arguably the world's most militant anti-pipeline activism, the war has been ongoing for decades.
In 1995, renowned writer and activist Ken Saro-Wiwa was hanged by the Nigerian government for his involvement in non-violent resistance to environmental damage and human rights abuses connected to oil extraction in his native Ogoniland.
The armed Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta (MEND) are said to have started sabotaging and destroying crude oil pipeline run by the likes of Royal Dutch Shell and Chevron in the mid-2000s. Their action intensified after Royal Dutch Shell's 55-year-old pipeline spilled millions of liters of crude oil into the Niger River Delta in 2008 and 2009.
MEND's militancy has been carried on by the Niger Delta Avengers, who have dynamited oil facilities and apparently cut flow by up to 50 percent.
The Niger Delta Avengers
Permalink https://p.dw.com/p/1JZvG
For Ocean Hyland, a 22 year-old Tsleil-Waututh Nation activist and artist from Canada's British Columbia province, the battle against the Trans Mountain Pipeline expansion is the latest front in a generations-long struggle against the abuse of her people's land.
But now, climate change has given that fight global resonance.
Read more: Indigenous women show the way for banks to divest from fossil fuels
"Industrialization poisoned our home, and we spent 40 years repairing that damage," Hyland said at a protest against Barclays bank's funding of the pipeline. Only two years ago, her people were able to safely eat clams harvested from the inlet again, she continued. "A tar sands pipeline will increase oil tanker traffic in the inlet seven-fold, and put our inlet and all of our work at risk."
From publishing an op-ed in Teen Vogue in March, to travelling to London in July for the protest against Barclays, Hyland is symbolic of the young people driving the anti-pipeline movement globally.
Advocating for divestment from fossil fuel companies, the #ProtectTheInlet movement is demanding a transition to green energy and alternatives to pipelines — including solar projects in the middle of the tar sands.
Ocean Hyland was in London to bring forward her message about Barclays pipelines' threat to communities
The fossil fuel industry is justifiably concerned about all the anti-pipeline activism.
"Anti-energy groups are increasingly targeting pipeline projects, spreading misinformation about purported environmental hazards to incite citizens and elected officials, and using social media to quickly get the public on board with their agendas," Jim Sisco, president and founder of energy advisers ENODO Global, told oil and gas industry publication Rigzone.
The industry — and the politicians that back these projects — argue that they bring economic benefits. But protesters in the communities they run through feel a very long way from the profits reaped from fossil fuel trading and power generation.
Rising star Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez is determined to use her political office to stop a hazard that her generation believes is very real.
"At Standing Rock, we experienced first-hand people coming together in their communities and trying to use the levers of representative democracy to try and say, 'We don't want this in our community, we don't want this in our backyard,'" she told the protesters at the sit-in on November 12.
And whether the fossil fuel industry likes it or not, the fight may have only just begun.
Pipelines in the crosshairs
Dirty oil
A protester's hands covered in crude oil during a 2011 protest against Royal Dutch Shell after pipeline spills in Nigeria, in 2008 and 2009. Shell allegedly ignored advice to replace the outdated Trans Niger Pipeline, which ruptured and inundated villages in Ogoniland with thousands of barrels of oil. Anti-pipeline movements have been around for decades, and are joining up across the globe.
Local resistance
Militants from the Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta (MEND) patrol the oil-rich creeks of the Niger Delta of Nigeria in September 2008. MEND militants were alleged to have sabotaged and destroyed crude oil pipelines run by the likes of Shell and Chevron, which they say bring little benefit to local communities and cause massive local environmental destruction.
Peru protests
Police stand guard at the entrance of Peru's national oil company in Lima, August 2016, where activists placed a coffin filled with items painted in black to represent a contaminated environment. The state oil company Petroperu has admitted to numerous spills in the old and extensive pipeline system that transports oil from the Amazon to the Pacific coast.
Mexican rebellion
TransCanada's Tamazunchale Pipeline met with resistance in Mexico during its construction through the country's mountainous and fertile southern region. Several Mexican indigenous communities have joined forces to fight the pipeline. The wall painting here reads: "No to the gas pipeline, we're an indigenous community and demand respect."
Opponents of the Dakota Access oil pipeline march out of their main camp in North Dakota in February 2017. The anti-pipeline resistance movement that gathered on Standing Rock Sioux tribal lands became a social media phenomenon under the #NoDAPL hashtag, galvanizing global resistance against attempts to expand the flow of climate change-inducing fossil fuels.
A movement lives on
A Native American woman recovers after being pepper-sprayed by police after she and other protesters sought to build a new camp to block construction of the Dakota Access Pipeline in late 2016. While the #NoDAPL movement did not succeed in preventing the pipeline from being built, it focused attention on the topic and drew together social justice and environmental movements.
Trans Mountain Pipeline
More than 10,000 people march in British Columbia in March 2018 to protest Kinder Morgan's Trans Mountain pipeline, which is to transport tar sands oil to the west coast of Canada and on to Asian markets. After months of protests led by First Nations and environmental activists, the pipeline company halted construction in April.
Lakota spiritual leader Chief Arvol Looking Horse demonstrates outside the White House in 2015 against the proposed Keystone XL pipeline, which would run from Canada to the Gulf of Mexico. US Republicans authorized the pipeline — but in November 2018, a court again blocked its construction.
Trans Adriatic Pipeline
In March 2017, after Italy's State Council permitted construction of Trans Adriatic Pipeline (TAP), demonstrators in Puglia southern Italy clashed with police to protest removal of 1,600 centuries-old olive trees. Several were injured. A 350.org petition claims TAP will "destroy Europe's climate targets" and has "destructive, unjust impacts on the communities in its path."
Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan-India
The TAPI (Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan-India) gas pipeline project was launched in Herat in western Afghanistan in February 2018, and will carry gas from Turkmenistan to the subcontinent. On hand at the launch were a group of Taliban militants (pictured) insisting they would not sabotage — as many feared — but instead assist the pipeline project.
Author: Stuart Braun
Indigenous Mexican farmers fight giant gas pipeline
TransCanada is building a gas pipeline in southern Mexico that's threatening to cast indigenous communities off their land. But some are refusing to yield to the pressure to leave and are taking their fight to court. (30.10.2018)
Nord Stream 2: German environmentalists sue to halt construction of controversial gas pipeline
The 1,200-kilometer undersea pipeline aims to deliver more than 55 billion cubic meters of natural gas from Russia to Germany. Environmentalists say construction work will harm underwater life in the Baltic Sea. (03.07.2018)
Turkey opens TANAP pipeline that will bring Azeri gas to Europe
Turkey and Azerbaijan have inaugurated the TANAP pipeline that will bring gas to Europe while bypassing Russia. The project has won political support from both the United States and European Union. (13.06.2018)
Protests threaten to halt controversial Canadian oil pipeline
Protests and opposition from the provincial government of British Columbia have shut down construction of a pipeline planned to carry oil from Alberta to BC - but Prime Minister Justin Trudeau has vowed to fight back. (23.05.2018)
Indigenous women show the way for banks to divest from fossil fuels
First Nations women have met with European banks to push for fossil fuel divestment as the United Nations releases a model for banks to account for climate change. Grassroots action is helping the movement gain momentum. (26.04.2018)
Nigerian king takes oil spill battle to Italy
The Niger Delta has become synonymous with devastating oil pollution. The king of one local community is seeking to change the fate of his people through a first-of-its-kind lawsuit against an Italian oil giant. (11.07.2017)
Thousands of Native Americans march on White House to protest pipelines
Native American groups have rallied in Washington to protest President Donald Trump's support of the Dakota Access and Keystone XL pipelines. They fear the pipelines will desecrate tribal lands and contaminate the water. (11.03.2017)
TransCanada renews application to build Keystone XL pipeline
The company's chief executive has claimed the project will create "tens of thousands of well-paying jobs." But protesters have taken to the streets, demanding the project be scrapped over environmental concerns. (27.01.2017)
Standing Rock #NoDAPL protest camp cleared in North Dakota
Only a few dozen people remain at the anti-pipeline camp. After Donald Trump approved the Dakota Access Pipeline last month, activists are now pinning their last hopes to halt the project on a lawsuit. (23.02.2017)
Dakota pipeline protesters 'won't be evicted'
US authorities have said they have no plans to remove protesters near the Dakota Access Pipeline construction project. Thousands of Native American activists are resisting efforts to build the pipeline near tribal lands. (28.11.2016)
Why Nigerian activist Ken Saro-Wiwa was executed
Ken Saro-Wiwa was executed by a former military regime in Nigeria for fighting for the rights of the Ogoni. 20 years after his judicial murder, people in the region are still not benefitting from oil revenues. (09.11.2015)
An alliance of local activists and climate campaigners is resisting the flow of fossil fuels through pipelines around the world. (20.11.2018)
Living Planet: Canada's First Nations vs. tar sands pipeline
Native Americans score victory in Dakota pipeline row
Author Stuart Braun
Related Subjects OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries), Climate Change, Environment
Keywords environment, fossil fuels, climate change, oil, gas, pipeline, protest
Permalink https://p.dw.com/p/38PdR
Norway's sovereign wealth fund backs away from fossil fuels 10.07.2019
Coal and oil have long been sought-after investment targets, but that is changing. Norway is increasingly withdrawing its huge sovereign wealth fund from fossil fuels. But for finance, not climate protection.
Opinion: Russia frozen on climate change 06.07.2019
Vladimir Putin has talked about global warming's toll as Siberia's Irkutsk region struggles to recover from floods. But there's a simple reason why Russia won't get behind climate protection policies, says Andrey Gurkov.
Canada approves contentious expansion of crude oil pipeline 19.06.2019
Canada has once again approved a contentious pipeline expansion that would allow the nation to diversify oil markets. The new pipeline has drawn criticism from environmental groups that fear spills.
When food becomes trash
Every year, some 1.3 billion tons of food end up in the garbage. What are the reasons and what can we do against it?
A visit from Cameroon's CRTV
Last week Eco Africa had a visitor from our French-language partner station CRTV Cameroon Radio and Television Service.
Did the moon landing actually happen?
Wernher von Braun - the rocket engineer of the powerful
50 years ago the space race took humans to the moon
Galileo satellite navigation system out of action
EU weighs costs of punishing Poland
Boeing warns of soaring 737 Max grounding costs
Indian veterans back in dangerous waters to fight pirates
G7 nations to act against Facebook's 'Libra' cryptocurrency plan
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CSC RECOGNIZED AS ‘MILITARY SPOUSE FRIENDLY EMPLOYER’ FOR THIRD YEAR
News Release -- October 07, 2009
FALLS CHURCH, Va., Oct. 7 -- CSC (NYSE: CSC) announced today that it has been recognized for the third consecutive year by Military Spouse magazine as one of America's "Top 10 Military Spouse Friendly Employers," according to the magazine's October 2009 issue.
The third annual list recognizes corporations based on their efforts to employ spouses of military troops. Top companies were selected from a pool of approximately 2,500 organizations that earn a minimum of $1 billion in annual revenues.
"We invest in this recruitment effort because military spouses represent a highly educated and talented labor pool," says Melinda Evans, chief global diversity officer. "Military spouses are not only capable, but match the business needs and the culture of our company."
"Military spouse hires bring a wealth of experience, education, and skills," says Andrea M. Hall, a military spouse herself at CSC who manages the company's Military Spouse Employment Program. "A spouse will likely bring to CSC the same level of dedication their service member spouse brings to the U.S. Armed Forces."
CSC actively recruits military spouses through its military recruitment program, and offers assistance in employment transfers, working virtually and career portability. Currently, CSC employs more than 9,000 veterans and military spouses. For more information, visit https://www.dxc.technology/military_programs.
CSC is a global leader in providing technology-enabled solutions and services through three primary lines of business. These include Business Solutions and Services, the Managed Services Sector and the North American Public Sector. CSC's advanced capabilities include systems design and integration, information technology and business process outsourcing, applications software development, Web and application hosting, mission support and management consulting. Headquartered in Falls Church, Va., CSC has approximately 92,000 employees and reported revenue of $16.2 billion for the 12 months ended July 3, 2009. For more information, visit the company's Web site at www.dxc.technology.
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Conrad Cairo
1191 Corniche El Nile
Cairo, 11221
Room Tax 12%
Dedicated meetings staff
Latest audiovisual technology
Outdoor Heated Pool
24-hours Casino
River Nile
The Great Pyramids
Sound & Light show
Nile City Mall and Cinema
Business District in Downtown
Coptic Cairo
Fine Pastries
Jayda Lounge & Bar
Southeast-Asian Cuisine
Oak Grill
Stage One
Breakfast Buffet $28 Cont. $20
Lunch Buffet $35 Plated $36-45
Dinner Buffet $40 Plated $36-48
Who could resist a chance to meet in the city of Cairo? Conrad Cairo, known for its tasteful blend of contemporary luxury, state-of-the-art comfort, and convenient location in the downtown district, presents the ideal venue.
With 587 guest rooms and 23,184 square feet of meeting space, the hotel hosts conferences of up to 1,200 people with ease and elegance. The largest venue, the Conrad Ballroom, offers built-in sound and lighting equipment, crystal chandeliers, dark wood-paneled walls, and wide marble staircases on either side of the entrance. It divides into three rooms for smaller gatherings of 250 guests seated theater-style. Groups can convene on the same floor at the Nile Ballroom, boardrooms named after the Pharaohs of ancient Egypt, or at the stage-equipped Salon Diplomat.
Guests enjoy views of the Nile from their private balconies and select from six food and beverage outlets, a seasonally heated outdoor pool, fitness center, and health club. Those with time to spare can explore one of the world’s most fascinating cities, from the upmarket retailers, cafes, and coffeehouses downtown to the mysterious labyrinths of the old city and the pyramids and Sphinx of Giza. After a sunset cruise down the Nile, they can come home for a nightlong celebration at the Conrad’s Jayda Bar, Stage One Lounge, and casino.
Aida 68 N/A 3 728 26 x 28 9 30 40 30 0 0 20 22 0
Aida and Cleopatra 135 N/A 3 1,449 55 x 26 9 75 70 120 0 0 0 0 0
Amun Boardroom 63 N/A 3 676 26 x 26 9 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cleopatra 68 N/A 3 728 26 x 28 9 30 40 30 0 0 20 22 0
Conrad Ballroom 849 N/A 0 9,140 135 x 68 32 570 1,200 900 0 0 0 0 0
Horus Boardroom 68 N/A 3 728 26 x 28 9 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Isis 65 N/A 3 700 25 x 27 9 30 40 30 0 0 20 22 0
Nefertiiti 63 N/A 3 675 25 x 27 9 30 40 30 0 0 20 22 0
Nefertiti and Isis 124 N/A 3 1,331 54 x 25 9 75 70 120 0 0 0 0 0
Nile Ballroom 208 N/A 4 2,236 86 x 14 14 200 540 350 0 0 0 0 0
Osiris Boardroom 37 N/A 3 400 20 x 20 9 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ra Boardroom 68 N/A 3 728 26 x 28 9 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Salon Diplomat 324 N/A 3 3,484 52 x 67 9 180 300 350 0 0 0 0 0
Add Conrad Cairo to:
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How Warner Music and Its Musicians Are Combating Declining Album Sales
Up-and-coming bands like Shinedown are helping Warner Music Group pull off the hardest trick in the music biz: redefining the record label for the digital age.
Rise and Shine Shinedown — from left, Zach Myers, Eric Bass, Brent Smith, and Barry Kerch — has thrived under a WMG 360 deal. | Photograph by Jim Wright Rise and Shine Shinedown -- from left, Zach Myers, Eric Bass, Brent Smith, and Barry Kerch -- has thrived under a WMG 360 deal. | Photograph by Jim Wright
By Michael Fitzgerald long Read
On a chilly night in Manhattan, Julie Greenwald is steamed. “I hate free! Why should people get music for free?” says the 40-year-old spitfire COO of Atlantic Records, one of two major labels of Warner Music Group, and the first big label with more U.S. music revenue from digital downloads than physical discs. She’s in the VIP room backstage at the Nokia Theatre, where Atlantic rock act Shinedown headlines a sold-out show. “Music isn’t free!” she says. She ticks off the costs: songwriters, producers, sound engineers, radio promotions, Internet promotions, people working to place songs in movies and on TV, people to run artists’ Web sites …
Then Shinedown lead singer Brent Smith walks in, and Greenwald smiles. “They can’t pirate this!” she says as she hugs the ponytailed and neck-tattooed Smith.
“If they can figure out how to pirate this, we’re screwed,” says Smith.
It is hardly news that record companies are screwed, or, if you prefer, under serious pressure. Greenwald’s boss, Lyor Cohen, 50, says that when he was considering leaving Universal Music Group to run WMG’s North American recording business in early 2004, his mother called him from Israel and warned, “Son, aren’t you reading the newspapers? The music business is in trouble. Maybe you should rethink this.” Cohen’s mother, Ziva Naumann, insists she was even more emphatic: “I said he should quit.”
Instead, Cohen — who started as Run-DMC’s road manager and rose through the rap world to head Island Def Jam, one of the largest labels at the world’s largest music company, Universal — rethought the traditional role of a record label. And today, WMG is on the verge of cracking the media world’s most pressing business riddle: how to successfully replace analog dollars with what Goldman Sachs analyst Ingrid Chung calls a “river of nickels.” Cohen’s trick has been a clever twist on what the music biz calls a “360 deal,” a full-service contract with artists that includes touring, merchandise, Web services, and more. Ironically, it is precisely this sort of deal that cost WMG its biggest single star, Madonna, who bolted in 2007 for a $120 million 360 deal with the concert-promotion and ticketing firm Live Nation. Cohen and his boss, chairman Edgar Bronfman Jr., had already decided to focus their 360 investments on up-and-coming bands like Shinedown, so they parted ways with the Material Girl.
WMG’s digital sales were up 11% last quarter, with digital music making up 30% of its revenues worldwide and 47% in the United States. (Sources say that at Atlantic, digital music approaches 60%.) Overall revenue is steady at more than $3 billion annually and margins are up. In comparison, Universal Music’s revenue last quarter dropped 13% and digital music sales dipped 2%. While WMG posted its fifth straight quarterly loss and analysts expect it to post a loss this year, those metrics are somewhat misleading. The deficit comes from a goodwill write-off. Cohen is pumping out cash: Operating profit in the first three months of 2010 was $87 million, up 9%. WMG has enough cash on hand that industry watchers expect it to bid for EMI, a competitor whose own ballyhooed reinvention is seen as a fiasco. “Warner Music is mapping to the reality that consumers with a broadband connection and a search bar can get whatever they want,” says Mike McGuire, a Gartner entertainment analyst.
“Lyor provides the emotional gravitas every creative enterprise needs,” says Bronfman, who was laughed at for putting a rap mogul in charge. “Lyor’s proved me right.”
“I believe music is like oxygen,” Cohen told his skeptical mom when he took the WMG job. “I’m going to rely on how critical it is for society, that it will find its way.” Of course, people don’t pay for oxygen. For a while it seemed they didn’t want to pay for music either. Cohen seems to have found a way around that — for now.
Spend time in either the Chalet, Warner Bros. Records’ airy Burbank headquarters (the other major WMG label), or the Atlantic offices at 1290 Sixth Ave. in the heart of Manhattan, and you’ll be regaled with the story of how WMG decided it wanted to expand into touring, merchandise, and 360 deals. A year or so after joining WMG — as the story goes — Cohen took his son Az, then 12, to a sold-out show at Madison Square Garden. The band was one Cohen had signed in his living room (he won’t say which one), and Az was impressed. “Dad, I’m so proud of you!” he said. “Look at all these people! What a cool business you have!” Cohen pretended not to hear. He didn’t want his son to know that WMG got none of the ticket sales. After the show, as they walked down the hallway, Cohen came clean. “Az, I have to tell you, I have no part of the gate sales.”
Az looked at his father, aghast. As they walked out of the arena, Az pointed to the long lines of fans buying band T-shirts and said, “Well, Dad, you should feel proud of the people lined up to buy all those T-shirts.”
Riding down the escalator, Cohen again confessed, “Az, I don’t have any of the action on that either.”
Cohen himself earnestly relates this a-bit-too-perfect tale over breakfast at his town house just off Central Park. Cohen is a larger-than-life guy (6-foot-5) with larger-than-life tastes, such as his art collection, including the giant Yoshitomo Nara painting My 13th Sad Day that greets you in his living room and the full-scale Captain America made from rivets stamped with the Star of David that hangs at the top of the stairs.
Over bagels, lox, and whitefish, and with his German shepherd, Gaunner, at his feet, Cohen tells me how Az’s disappointment galvanized him to explore more expansive deals with his artists. It wasn’t exactly new territory for him: In the early days at Def Jam, Cohen often had to serve as manager, tour promoter, agent, and publisher — whatever services the acts needed. “The label becomes the artists’ hub, where they go to build their brand and connect with their fans,” he says. He sees 360 deals with emerging artists as the industry’s best hedge against free music.
At Shinedown’s New York show, the faint glow of cameras and video phones dot the crowd the way lighters once did. But WMG can live with that, because the fans recording songs are the same ones most likely to spend $35 to join an online club or shell out $20 for a T-shirt. If Atlantic’s Greenwald — a Cohen protégée who got her start working for him as a summer intern 18 years ago — can turn someone who downloads three Shinedown songs into someone who also buys a ticket and a T-shirt, she’ll have the resources to pump into Shinedown’s videos and radio promotions, which in turn drive its tours.
Shinedown’s Smith, 32, has spent his entire musical career in the shadow of file sharing. With two albums and a solid following, he seemingly had all the ingredients to go it alone. But no: “Any band that thinks they can do it on their own, more power to ’em,” he says backstage before a late April show at the Scottrade Center in St. Louis. He’s getting ready for show No. 496 since the June 2008 release of The Sound of Madness, Shinedown’s third album (and its first under its 360 deal). “To do all the things the label does, a band would have to start its own management company.”
Smith adds that the 360 deal transformed communication between Shinedown and the label from “a version of the childhood game telephone to crystal clear. They’re a true partner.” Cohen echoes: “A 360 deal is our commitment to transparency, to show we’re on the same side. We show them everything.”
During a spring visit to Greenwald’s New York office, she pulls out the binder that she uses to track sales data for Atlantic’s 80 current acts. She runs a finger along her Shinedown entry — the same data she shares with Smith and the band. The Sound of Madness has sold 1 million CDs, plus 3.5 million track downloads. Other binders detail merchandise and ticket sales. Shinedown’s 360 deal “made my life 100 times better than being limited to a silver disc,” she says.
Nontraditional revenue now makes up between 5% and 10% of WMG’s revenues. “The fruit you will see is not in this quarter’s results or next,” Cohen boasts, “but when the majority of the artist development projects done in the last five years come to the fattest part of their popularity. We’ve done the math and we can show you.”
And he does, sharing part of a confidential report WMG commissioned to estimate what it would’ve made if its superstars, such as Green Day, had started with 360 deals. The answer: as much as 160% more revenue for WMG. Cohen says that some current 360 acts are outperforming Green Day and Kid Rock financially at the same point in their careers, though they’ll never sell as many albums.
The 360 partnerships also change the personal dynamics. Smith relates the story of when he first brought The Sound of Madness to New York. Greenwald and her cochair, Craig Kallman, took him to Cohen’s office. Cohen had him play the whole album, then asked to hear a few songs again. Then he walked over and sat down next to Smith, who was struggling with drug addiction.
“Okay. Now. Are you ready to talk about the elephant in the room?” Cohen asked.
“Yes, sir,” said Smith.
“You cannot allow the people around you to destroy who you are,” Cohen said, looking him in the eye. “You’re not alone in this process. If we’re in a foxhole, just me and you, it’s not, ‘Brent, would you pass the bullets, please?’ It’s ‘Brent, pass the fucking bullets!’ “
Cohen says he was just telling Smith that their relationship went beyond the weekly numbers in Greenwald’s binder. “We’re not in the widget business. This is unique and personal,” he says, explaining how 360 deals create this kind of intimacy. Smith, meanwhile, says he’s been drug free for more than two years now, and that day in Cohen’s office will stick with him for the rest of his life.
“The artist was like a sugarcane worker,” says Devo frontman Jerry Casale of the good old days for the record business, which were the bad old days for many musicians. We’re backstage at the Coachella Music and Arts Festival in April, a traffic-jam-with-soundtrack east of the San Jacinto Mountains near Los Angeles. Casale, pairing a royal blue suit with a black tie and looking very much the new-wave pioneer, has no love for the labels after 30-plus years in the business. But last November, Devo signed a 360 deal with Warner Bros. Records, and he’s here to rebrand his band.
“This wasn’t our first idea, believe me,” Casale says. “There was a lot of hot air from the cognoscenti in the business world about how record labels are dead, you can make a deal with a sponsor, get marketing money from Dell or somebody like that. Well, forget it.” If that was ever true, Casale says, those days are already gone. “[Event promoter] AEG and Live Nation blew their whole wad on major names.”
Casale bought in because of the label’s willingness to try something different with the promotional budget. “We said, ‘You’re going to take your marketing money and give it to the ad agency Mother,’ ” Casale says. “And they said okay.”
To build buzz for a spring album release and fall tour, Devo, with support from Mother and Warner Bros., polled fans about such things as what color the iconic Devo energy dome should be (blue) and which songs should make the album. Fans could share the surveys with their friends via social networking. They hoped the song study would peak with 20,000 unique visitors on a single day — and they hit almost 30,000. “I can’t stress how hard it is to go from 2,000 uniques to that level without TV or American Idol,” says Jeremy Welt, Warner Bros. SVP of new media.
The next step, Casale says, is to see if Warner’s analytics and distribution savvy lead to sales and decent offers for a fall tour. “Then we’ll know the machine is working.”
Casale thinks the CD’s decline means that five years from now, “labels as we know them will be gone,” replaced by something like a music-service agency. “The labels have the talent to do it,” says Russ Crupnick, a senior industry analyst at NPD Entertainment. “They sit in a perfect spot to help artists navigate the world of touring, merchandising, and digital services.”
Maybe, says Bruce Allen, a longtime talent manager who has shepherded the careers of Bryan Adams, Martina McBride, and Warner Bros. artist Michael Bublé, a crooner who had 2009’s sixth-best-selling album. Allen says he would never allow a young artist to sign a 360. “They’re dangerous,” he says.
Then he chuckles, because Bublé basically has a “270” deal. Warner runs his fan club and Web site, it is devising YouTube strategies to raise his profile among younger audiences, and in March, it took on Bublé’s merchandising. (Bublé retains his touring business.) “Few artists will manage every aspect of their own career,” Allen acknowledges. “Labels are still the only ones that can build global superstars.”
The day before Coachella starts, Tom Whalley, the slender, cerebral, and coolly elegant head of Warner Bros. Records, is showing me around the Chalet in Los Angeles. Whalley doesn’t make a big show of the grand piano in his office (Bublé signed his merchandising deal on that piano), instead pointing out the well-stocked Sub-Zero refrigerator and the office’s main coffeemaker just off reception. He insists that these kitchen appliances have been key to remaking his label for the digital age.
The reason: Whalley placed the modern-day water cooler near his early digital hires, to force interaction between the traditional music folks and the techies. “I wanted people to know they were important, and to get to know them,” Whalley says. His tech team has proven how T-shirt sales can be a leading indicator of a band’s success. Never Shout Never sold nearly $1 million worth of merch before it released its first album through Warner Bros. this past January. The label can get radio play for acts like the rap duo New Boyz by showing stations the local merchandise sales data from the retailer Hot Topic. Whalley has funded a digital dashboard, inspired by Bloomberg terminals, to track all Warner Bros. artist sites, creating more analytics to parse. That dashboard is now being ported to Atlantic.
The two divisions push each other to break new tech experiments. Atlantic has used its artist Web sites to do things like reward people who purchase albums with personalized videos (Trey Songz recorded his shirtless). Jonathan Tyler fans get free downloads of his band’s live performances. The day of Shinedown’s St. Louis show, Atlantic updated the band’s Web site with the latest features from Cisco’s Eos social-networking platform. The technology lets fans post concert videos and pictures and allows Atlantic to offer full streams of songs for site members. The following week, Smith comes to New York to get a tutorial on the new features and does an impromptu video chat from a studio Atlantic has designated for the specific purpose of having artists record online content. Despite the short notice — Atlantic sent an email to registered members just a couple of hours earlier — about 1,000 fans show up.
“We need to continue to experiment, test, and better understand what motivates fans to love music,” Cohen says. In April, Atlantic followed up alternative rapper B.o.B’s smash hit “Nothin’ on You” by releasing his next single, “Airplanes” (recorded with his label mate Hayley Williams, lead singer of the alt-rock band Paramore), on his Web site. Atlantic’s primary promotion? Having Williams and B.o.B tout it via Twitter. Within a day, they doubled registrations at B.o.B’s site and “Airplanes” hit No. 2 on iTunes, behind only “Nothin’ on You.”
Two weeks later, B.o.B’s album, The Adventures of Bobby Ray, debuted at No. 1.
Of course, No. 1 these days might mean a debut sale of just 84,000 albums (as opposed to, say, the 872,000 copies of Get Rich or Die Tryin’ that 50 Cent sold in one week in February 2003). But that drop disguises an interesting truth about music — people consume more than ever. According to media analyst Bridge Ratings, music listening in the United States has increased 6% since 2005. People listen via YouTube; streaming services like Spotify and Rhapsody; Internet radio programs such as Pandora and Slacker; music cell-phone bundles with Verizon and Nokia; and Thumbplay, which makes iTunes playlists available on iPhones and select Android and BlackBerry devices.
All the deal making and experiments have taught WMG lessons. Cohen’s boss, Bronfman, scion of the Seagram’s liquor fortune, is starting to be more selective about which digital nickels may actually materialize. After early investments in the social-music services iMeem and Lala, both of which failed, Bronfman has said he’s done funding digital-media startups. In February, Bronfman said WMG would no longer support ad-based music streams; they simply didn’t offer a return to artists. An early report from Sweden claimed that Lady Gaga received only $167 for 1 million Spotify streams of “Poker Face.” (Spotify retorted that the data was 15 months old.)
WMG is driving toward a day in the not-too-distant future when most people won’t own music but pay a fee to access it from anywhere, via some perhaps not-yet-invented service. “I’ve always believed that the mobile platform, and those devices that tap into the Net, are the greatest distribution opportunity for content that’s ever been created,” Bronfman says. “Especially for music.” He admits that he’s still waiting for his vision to pan out. He wryly adds, “But that’s because Steve Jobs doesn’t own a phone company yet.”
Cohen agrees with the vision of music as a service, but cites Bronfman when he says, “We still need to deliver songs.” One spring day in Los Angeles, Cohen zips around meeting with superstar producers: his old partner Rick Rubin; David Foster (who works with Bublé and Josh Groban); and Rob Cavallo, Warner’s chief creative officer, whose work has sold almost 30 million records in the past five years. In Cavallo’s rec room in his home-cum — recording studio northwest of the city, gold and platinum discs from Green Day, Shinedown, and others fill the 12-foot-high walls. My Chemical Romance’s Gerard Way wanders in during a break from recording the band’s next album, says hello, then wanders back out.
When Cohen sweeps in, he hugs Cavallo, asks him if he and My Chem are on track for their fall release date, gets a thumbs-up, and accepts an espresso and a Cohiba Gran Reserva cigar. They start talking about the potential impact of the iPad on music delivery. That — and espressos being the stimulant of choice — is the only sign that it’s not 1976 anymore. The sun beams in from the rear picture window, and Cohen slips off his loafers and puts his feet up. He doesn’t light the victory cigar. There’s still work to be done.
Michael Fitzgerald wrote about trickle-up innovation in the March 2009 issue of Fast Company .
Update: In an exclusive interview, Jim Wright talks to Shinedown.
A version of this article appeared in the July/August 2010 issue of Fast Company magazine.
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Anki’s best-selling toy bot just got a whole lot smarter
Robotics pioneer Anki boosted its cute toy bot with new level of artificial intelligence.
[Photo: Jason Pietra]
By Sean Captain 2 minute Read
Since its founding in 2010 by three Carnegie Mellon Robotics Institute grads, Anki has been at the forefront of realizing our robot-in-the-home reality—through disarmingly adorable toys. The company’s two-year-old Cozmo ($180), a manic little bulldozer bot that drives around and plays simple games, was the best-selling toy, by revenue, on Amazon in the U.S., U.K., and France in 2017, according to analysis by One Click Retail, and helped Anki bring in nearly $100 million in revenue last year. This October, Anki is releasing the $250 Vector. The palm-size bot looks like Cozmo, but inside it’s entirely different. The company spent years imbuing Vector with a humanlike ability to react and engage with both its environment and people. It’s designed for play—and a whole lot more. “We’ve always known that this is not a toy company,” says cofounder and CEO Boris Sofman.
Cartography capability
Using an infrared laser scanner, Vector builds a digital representation of its environment through a process called simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). Drop sensors allow it to drive across a tabletop, say, and stop just before the edge. “We want him to be inquisitive, to map his environment,” says Meghan McDowell, Anki’s director of program management.
[Illustration: Digithrust]
Processing power
Vector’s brain, a quad-core Qualcomm Snapdragon 212 chip, allows the bot to run a neural network that’s being trained to understand the world around it; online updates will further deepen its visual intelligence. The big achievement for launch: Vector detects people, even when faces aren’t visible.
[Illustration: Vectors Market at the Noun Project]
A subtle personality
Vector responds to stimulation, such as conversation and eye contact, and picks up on smaller cues: peripheral movement, noises, or lights turning on and off. Anki uses an online natural-language processing service to translate more complex human commands. These inputs feed into an emotional graph that determines how Vector should “feel” in any given situation and allows it to improvise a response.
Vector has a four-microphone array on top, allowing it to discern the direction of sounds and react to simple voice commands. When connected to Wi-Fi, Vector can display weather information, set a timer, and offer spoken answers to questions like, “What is the capital of Idaho?” In the future, it could be used as a voice control for connected-home devices.
Vector’s cartoon eyes, represented on a 184-by-96-pixel screen, appear to scan its surroundings and respond to commands by opening and closing. The robot actually sees via a 720p wide-angle video camera mounted just below the screen. If the bot makes eye contact with a human, it becomes animated, making its signature gibberish sounds or raising its “arms” for a fist-bump.
A version of this article appeared in the November 2018 issue of Fast Company magazine.
Sean Captain is a Bay Area technology, science, and policy journalist. Follow him on Twitter @seancaptain.
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A CELEBRATION OF 70 YEARS - MONTH BY MONTH
February 8th through 10th: CAST Couples’ Retreat (Abbeville Family Missions Retreat House)
February 20th (Wednesday), Feast of the Little Shepherds: 5 p.m. Rosary followed by 5:30 p.m. Mass; showing of Fatima Film follows Mass. (No Wednesday 6:15 a.m. Mass on this day.)
BLESSING OF OUTDOOR SHRINE FOLLOWING 8:15 A.M. SCHOOL MASS: A replica of the first shrine built over the holmoak tree in the days following the 1917 apparitions will be erected on Church grounds.
March 19th (Tuesday): Celebration of St. Joseph’s Altar - 8:30 a.m. Mass, festivities follow (no 5:30 p.m. Mass on this day)
ANNIVERSARY DATE - April 17th (Wednesday of Holy Week): Fatima Parish established in 1949 on Easter Sunday, April 17th, with Masses held in the Teenage Ranch House, later moved to School Gym - DUE TO HOLY WEEK, A SPECIAL OBSERVANCE WILL BE HIGHLIGHTED ON EASTER SUNDAY, April 21st.
SCHOOL Way of the Cross, 8:15 a.m. - Special School Observance of anniversary date
May 11th/12th (Saturday/Sunday): Parishioner Religious Art Exhibit in Knight Hall
May 13th (Monday): 5 p.m. Rosary followed by 5:30 p.m. Mass; showing of Fatima Film follows Mass. (No 6:15 a.m. Mass on this day.)
May 16th through 19th: CAST Spring Retreat for Men in Grand Isle
May 25th through June 5th: Parish Pilgrimage to Rome/Fatima with extension to London
June 13th (Thursday): 5 p.m. Rosary followed by 5:30 p.m. Mass; showing of Fatima Film follows Mass.
(Date in 1929 of the Last Vision of Fatima with the apparition of the Holy Trinity to Sr. Lucia in Tuy, Spain)
June 16th (Sunday): First Solemn Mass of Thanksgiving, Rev. Fr. Salinger Istre, 11 a.m.; reception follows in Knight Hall
June 20th through 23rd: Women of Grace National Meeting, Johnette Benkovic Williams
July 12th through 14th: CAST Couples’ Retreat (Abbeville Family Missions Retreat House)
August 13th (Tuesday): 5 p.m. Rosary followed by 5:30 p.m. Mass; showing of Fatima Film follows Mass
September 13th (Friday): 5 pm Rosary followed by 5:30 p.m. Mass; showing of Fatima Film follows Mass (No 6:15 a.m. Mass on this day.)
October 5th through 6th: Perpetual Rosary from 8 a.m. First Saturday Mass through Sunday 5 p.m. Mass
ANNIVERSARY DATE - October 7th (Monday): Anniversary of the Groundbreaking of Fatima School which occurred in October of 1949; on October 7th, 1951, the School was dedicated. School Children will pray Rosary in front lawn of Church at top of hour throughout the day.
October 13th (Sunday): Celebration of 11 a.m. Mass with Bishop Deshotel; reception follows in Knight Hall
October 17th through 20th: CAST Fall Retreat for Men in Grand Isle
ANNIVERSARY DATE - November 16th (Saturday): Anniversary of the First time Mass was offered in Our Lady of Fatima Church (November 16, 1958); 3:30 p.m. Rosary, 4 p.m. Mass.
ANNIVERSARY DATE - November 21st (Thursday): Anniversary of the Dedication of Our Lady of Fatima Church (November 21, 1958); 5 p.m. Rosary, 5:30 p.m. Mass
December 10th (Tuesday): 5 p.m. Rosary followed by 5:30 p.m. Mass; showing of Fatima Film follows Mass. (Date of the apparition of Our Lady and the Child Jesus to Sr. Lucia at Pontevedra, Spain in 1925 - the call to make the Five First Saturdays.)
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Directing For A Miniseries, Movie Or A Dramatic Special
Supporting Actress In A Miniseries Or A Movie
Writing For A Miniseries, Movie Or A Dramatic Special
Lead Actress In A Miniseries Or A Movie
Lead Actor In A Miniseries Or A Movie
Directing For A Variety, Music Or Comedy Program
Writing For A Variety, Music Or Comedy Program
Reality Program
Reality-Competition Program
Exceptional Merit In Nonfiction Filmmaking
Directing For Nonfiction Programming
Nonfiction Series
Nonfiction Special
Writing For Nonfiction Programming
Animated Program (For Programming Less Than One Hour)
Animated Program (For Programming One Hour Or More)
Individual Achievement In Animation
Art Direction For A Miniseries, Or Movie
Art Direction For A Multi-Camera Series
Art Direction For A Single-Camera Series
Art Direction For A Variety, Music Program, Or Special
Casting For A Comedy Series
Casting For A Drama Series
Casting For A Miniseries, Movie Or A Special
Cinematography For A Miniseries Or Movie
Cinematography For A Multi-Camera Series
Cinematography For A Single-Camera Series
Cinematography For Nonfiction Programming - Multi-Camera Productions
Cinematography For Nonfiction Programming - Single-Camera Productions
Costumes For A Miniseries, Movie Or A Special
Costumes For A Series
Costumes For A Variety Or Music Program
Makeup For A Miniseries, Movie Or A Special (Non-Prosthetic)
Makeup For A Series (Non-Prosthetic)
Prosthetic Makeup For A Series, Miniseries, Movie Or A Special
Lighting Direction (Electronic, Multi-Camera) For Vmc Programming
Technical Direction, Camerawork, Video For A Miniseries, Movie Or A Special
Technical Direction, Camerawork, Video For A Series
Picture Editing For A Special (Single Or Multi-Camera)
Picture Editing For Nonfiction Programming (Large Team Entries - Primarily Multi-Camera Productions)
Picture Editing For Nonfiction Programming (Small Team Entries - Primarily Single-Camera Productions)
Single-Camera Picture Editing For A Comedy Series
Single-Camera Picture Editing For A Drama Series
Multi-Camera Sound Mixing For A Series Or Special
Single-Camera Sound Mixing For A Miniseries Or A Movie
Single-Camera Sound Mixing For A Series
Sound Mixing For A Variety Or Music Series Or Special Or Animation
Sound Mixing For Nonfiction Programming (Single Or Multi-Camera)
Music Composition For A Miniseries, Movie Or A Special (Original Dramatic Score)
Music Composition For A Series (Original Dramatic Score)
Original Main Title Theme Music
Original Music And Lyrics
Sound Editing For Nonfiction Programming (Single Or Multi-Camera)
Special Class Program
Special Visual Effects For A Miniseries, Movie Or A Special
Stunt Coordination
Outstanding Art Direction For A Single-Camera Series - 2006
P. Erik Carlson, Art Director
Erica Rogalla, Set Decorator
Thomas A. Walsh, Production Designer
Danielle Berman, SDSA
Derek Hill
Ellen Brill, Set Decorator
Liz Kay, Production Designer
Joseph Bennett, Production Designer
Cristina Onori, Set Decorator
Domenico Sica, Art Director
Kristan Andrews, Art Director
Suzuki Ingerslev, Production Designer
Rusty Lipscomb, S.D.S.A.
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Find Accredited Engineering Degrees
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Aerospace Engineering Degree
Aerospace engineering programs can vary both in scope and depth, not to mention cost. Some schools have fewer requirements for admission than others, while some are so expensive that nearly ninety percent of the student body requires financial aid to attend. How is the potential student to choose between potential programs?
Programs of study in aeronautical engineering often follow a comparable course. Most offer the same types of concepts, practical applications of concepts learned in the classroom, as well as basic engineering courses. The student that is trying to make a decision between one school or another should go to the university’s website and compare course catalogs. A visit to the school to take a tour in person and to speak to those involved in the program is also highly advisable.
Those who work in the aeronautical engineering field often describe it as exciting, challenging, and profitable. However, competition for the high paying jobs in this field is keen. Possessing the best degree possible from one of the top aeronautical engineering schools can greatly increase the potential employee’s chances for rising to the top. Many of the top aviation universities specifically tailor their programs of study to coincide with the demands of the industry, thus insuring that their graduates have the advantage.
Typical Education Requirements for Aerospace and Aeronautics Programs
If you are interested in pursuing a career as an aeronautical engineer, take some time to learn about general aeronautical engineering requirements and education needed to be successful in this field. The field of aeronautics is fairly broad but aeronautic engineers are trained to develop, design and test various types of aircraft and other aeronautical systems. Some work with satellite systems, while others work with missiles and other military systems. You will have the chance to take a variety of courses in various fields when you are fulfilling your aeronautical engineer education requirements at an accredited college or university.
All candidates interested in becoming an aerospace or aeronautical engineer must have at least a bachelor’s degree in aeronautical or aerospace engineering. Look for programs that are accredited by the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET). The bachelor’s degree program can take between four to five years to complete, depending on the specialized courses the student chooses to take, and any labs or flight testing components that are must be completed as part of the degree program.
After taking core courses in this field, students can take advanced courses in aerodynamics and cover topics such as electrical components, flight and stability control, and cockpit systems amongst others. Most students are required to complete hands-on training and lab work during their final year of study. The final year ensures that students are able to work with flight simulations, get adequate training in computer programs and systems used in the industry, and also apply their knowledge to design and test various systems. Aeronautical engineer requirements for the final year typically include presentations and the completion of larger projects under the direction of an instructor.
After graduating from college with a bachelor’s degree, students must acquire at least four years of work experience in the field and pass two examinations. Fulfilling these two requirements puts the candidate in a position to get their licensed professional engineer credential (PE), or their engineer in training title (EIT). The EIT is earned after passing the first exam. The PE credential is earned after the candidate has acquired necessary work experience and passed the second exam.
Aeronautical Engineering Requirements for a Successful Career
You will need to complete a significant amount of hands-on training in several field of study to become an aeronautical engineer. Keep in mind that some jobs do require a master’s degree in the field.
Some of the most common branches, specializations, or fields of study for careers in this field include:
Structural analysis – studying static and dynamic loads of aircraft
Aerodynamics – study of airflow over an aircraft and working with scale models
Propulsion – the intensive study of computational fluid dynamics (CFD), as well as thermodynamics, and material strength
Systems and subsystems of aircraft and missiles
Manufacturing and production processes
Avionics – studying flight instrumentation, radar, computers, navigation equipment and communication systems
Servo and power systems – lightweight and compact servo-control and power systems, as well as hydraulic and electric systems
Certification – some engineers can become certified to work with various types of flight systems
Specialized courses and training are offered at various levels at colleges and universities around the country. Check with your academic advisor to find out what types of advanced courses and training are available as you fulfill your aeronautical engineering requirements.
What is Aerospace and Aeronautical Engineering?
Aerospace and Aeronautical engineering is, in short, the study of aircrafts. The study of airfoils (wings) and propulsion (which includes engines) are two main components that make up the aeronautical field. Airfoils help the plane counteract the force of gravity. They can also be used to help the aircraft change directions. Without propulsion the aircraft would have a significantly smaller amount of air time because there would be no force to keep the aircraft afloat. Because the basic dynamics of aeronautical engineering are putting an object into flight and keeping it there, there is the constant material issue of strength verses weight. The object must be made of strong enough materials to be able to withstand the forces pushing against it, but it must also be light enough to have the ability to fly through the air.
A related field is Astronautical engineering. Astronautical engineering is the study of flight and navigation outside of the Earth’s atmosphere. One of the biggest concerns in the astronautical field is the maximizing of payload, the carrying capacity of the spacecraft, while keeping the mass and weight of the spacecraft as small as possible. Astronautical engineers must find ways for the spacecraft to withstand extreme temperatures (and extreme temperature changes), high-grade vacuums, and magnetic belts. They must also be conscious of the changes space will have on elements of the spacecraft. For instance, fluids have to be confined and extruded, liquids my evaporate or freeze, and heat must come from radiation.
Both aeronautical and astronautical engineering fall under the larger category of aerospace engineering. Both branches are concerned with the flight and navigation of an object and both require intelligent, creative people to pave the way to a new tomorrow.
According to most recent reports by popular college search engines the most selective aeronautical engineering program is Stanford University. This is partly due to the fact that it is a privately owned university. Additionally, this school requires that average SAT scores be at least 2010 and the ACT scores around 30 or higher. Only 8% of those who apply are accepted. The program of study is all inclusive, focusing on all elements of aeronautical engineering. Both propulsion and aerodynamics tracks of study are offered as well as interdisciplinary options. Students who graduate from these programs generally find upper level jobs right away.
Compare that with the less selective aeronautical engineering program at Missouri University of Science and Technology. This school is publicly funded and thus the tuition is priced reasonably. The program of study includes both propulsion and aerodynamics, but is limited in its ability to offer on campus research opportunities. Most who gain their undergraduate degree through this program of study apply to other universities to continue their advanced program work.
The largest aeronautical engineering university would be Arizona State University. 90 percent of the students that apply for admittance to this school are accepted. Engineering students that leave this school either continue their advanced degrees with ASU, or have created an outstanding academic portfolio for themselves and are able to garner attention from the more selective colleges. With a campus as large as ASU, the opportunities to study a diverse and broad spectrum of aeronautical engineering principles, research, and developmental interdisciplinary projects is great. Many of the courses are taught by professors that have been in the field of aeronautical engineering and have returned to the academic environment after brilliant careers in aviation. Most who take the programs of study at ASU rate it as an excellent experience.
Embry Riddle University is one of the top names that come up when aviation education is mentioned. Founded 22 years after the Wright Brothers’ flight, this school has focused ONLY on aviation and aerospace education. The programs of study rival those in any of the other universities, though as it is privately owned, the price tag is also high. Financial aid is available for those going into various programs. Aeronautical engineering majors have opportunities to gain firsthand experience by working through internships with various partner companies. One such company is NASA. Additionally, ERAU offers many online opportunities for those who need to take a non-traditional route to their degree. ERAU has satellite universities around the world, making it truly a global university.
Aeronautical Engineering School Accreditation
The student must practice due diligence in planning out their career path and the required educational components to meet that goal. Part of that involves researching the prospective college or university offering aviation or aeronautical engineering degrees. Many prospective students make the mistake of enrolling in a school only to find that the courses are aviation education courses, but not necessarily aeronautical engineering classes. The astute student needs to ask direct questions from the college’s counselors to ascertain whether or not the college offers a degree program that will result in a degree in aeronautical engineering or a Master’s of Science degree. Also, one of the critical questions is that of accreditation. Is the prospective college recognized by the U.S. Secretary of Education? If not, it is possible that the education and the degree earned will not be considered viable by an employer, nor recognized by other colleges if advanced degrees are sought.
The purpose of accreditation is to guarantee that the education received by students meets acceptable levels of quality to keep America competitive globally. Additionally, the college’s accreditation determines how much money is granted to that school for financial aid.
Cost of Aviation Engineering Schools
The average tuition can cost between $10,000 dollars a semester and $15,000 dollars a semester. Why the disparity? Most of it has to do with location and reputation of the school, size of the school, and types of specialized degrees offered. Most universities offer financial aid in one form or another. Financial aid money is highly sought after and one must apply early and often to obtain it. Reports state that Georgia Institute of Technology is one of the most economical schools to offer a true aeronautical engineering degree, while MIT is pricier. Those who find this type of education out of their reach financially opt to go into the Air Force where they may receive training in engineering.
Top Five Aeronautical Engineering Schools
The following are among the top engineering schools in the United States. They were selected on criteria based on amount of graduates, salaries earned on average by graduates, number of graduates working in their field of study, and degrees offered.
California Institute of Technology (Pasadena, California). Those pursuing a Master’s degree often manage to complete it in one year’s time, as opposed to other programs that take up to two years to complete. They also have research centers that are located on campus as well as combined degrees between their medical facilities and the engineering departments. Tuition: $35,000/year.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Nearly half of those attending MIT are in the engineering programs, and many specialize in aeronautical engineering. They also have many working research centers that often have breakthrough discoveries each year. Those already working as engineers, but wanting to specialize in another field can apply to MIT’s career reengineering program. Tuition: $40,000/year.
Stanford University. Stanford boasts 65 centers and labs across its campus that offers students the ability to become involved in numerous research projects. Located near Silicon Valley, students often have no problem interning or finding employment after graduation. Tuition: $40,000/year.
Purdue College of Engineering. With 70 academic programs and over 600 programs of study, Purdue Engineering is a powerhouse when it comes to any engineering field, including aeronautical engineering. Indications show that competition for enrollment is high for the aeronautical engineering school, so it would be wise to apply early and often. Tuition: $30,000/year
University of Michigan: Ann Arbor. This university supports project-based teaching curriculum allowing students to learn firsthand and apply what they have been learning in the classroom. Multiple curriculums are aimed specifically for the aeronautical engineering student. Tuition: $ 40,000/year
Aerospace Engineering Scholarships
The following is information on Aerospace Scholarships by organization or memorial. Be sure to check their website for the most up to date information.
A.T. Anderson Memorial Scholarship
American Indian Science and Engineering Society. The purpose of this scholarship is to provide financial assistance to Native American or Alaskan Native students majoring in science, engineering, medicine, natural resources, math or technology. Applicants must be full-time undergraduate or graduate student and a member of a Native American tribe or Alaskan Native and members of AISES. Amount: $1,000-$2,000. Deadline: June 15. http://www.aises.org
ADA I. Pressman Memorial Scholarship
The purpose of this scholarship is to support female engineering students. Applicants must be U.S. citizens and a college sophomore, junior, senior or graduate student majoring in any type of engineering. Amount: $5,000. Deadline: February 15. http://www.swe.org
Admiral Grace Murray Hopper Memorial Scholarships
Purpose of this scholarship is to support women in engineering. Eligible applicants must be females enrolled in their freshman year at an accredited engineering or computer science program and have a GPA of 3.5 or higher. Amount: $1,000. Deadline: May 15. http://www.swe.org
AFCEA (Armed Forces Communications and Electronics Association) ROTC Scholarships
This scholarship is set up to help ROTC sophomores or juniors who are majoring in aerospace engineering, electronics, computer science, computer engineering, physics or mathematics. Amount: $2,000. Deadline: March 1. http://www.afcea.org
AFCEA Scholarship for Working Professionals
This scholarship is meant to aid science and technology professionals who are pursuing undergraduate and graduate degrees. Applicants must be U.S. citizens and currently employed in the science or technology field. Graduate students or undergraduate sophomores, juniors or seniors. Amount: $2,000. Deadline: September 1. http://www.afcea.org
AGCO Corporation FFA Scholarship
This scholarship helps support students in select majors (engineering) who are in the FFA. Amount: $2,000. Deadline: February 15. http://www.ffa.org/
AIAA Foundation Scholarships
American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (Includes the Abe M. Zaram Award and Joseph Freitag Sr. Award). These scholarships are given to students enrolled in aerospace engineering programs who have at least attained their sophomore year of study. Amount: Up to $2,500. Deadline: January 31. Website: http://www.aiaa.org/. Scholarship link: http://www.aiaa.org/Secondary.aspx?id=3199
Air Force ROTC Express Scholarships
This scholarship is for U.S. college students that have passed the Air Force ROTC Physical Fitness Test and the Air Force Officer Qualifying Test. Student must be majoring in a select engineering field. Amount: Up to $18,900. http://www.afrotc.com
Amelia Earhart Fellowships
The purpose of this scholarship is to support women in science and engineering. Eligible applicants must be pursuing graduate PhD/doctoral degrees in aerospace-related sciences and aerospace-related engineering. Amount: Up to $10,000. Deadline: November 15. http://www.zonta.org
American Society of Naval Engineers Scholarship
This scholarship fluctuates in its availability as it is dependent on the foundation’s fundraising successes. Generally speaking, the candidate should be an undergraduate, applying for support in their last year in an engineering program, and be a citizen of the United States. Scholarships can run from $3,000 to $4,000. There is also a fellowship available for graduate students.
Anne Maureen Whitney Barrow Memorial Scholarship
The purpose of this scholarship is to support female engineering students. Applicants must be enrolled in an accredited engineering program with 3.5 GPA or higher. Amount: $5,000. Deadline: May 15. http://www.swe.org
Boeing Scholarships
These scholarships are not awarded directly to individuals, but through the colleges and universities. Check with your school’s financial aid office. Find the link below for the Boeing University Relations webpage: http://www.boeing.com/educationrelations/
B.J. Harrod Scholarships
The purpose of this scholarship is to aid female engineering students. Eligible applicants must be freshmen with a GPA of 3.5 or higher and majoring in any type of engineering. Amount: $2,000. Deadline: May 15. http://www.swe.org
BMW/SAE Engineering Scholarship
The purpose of this scholarship is to support engineering student with high potential. Applicants must be U.S. citizens with a GPA of 3.75 or higher. Students must rank in the 90th percentile in math and critical reading on the SAT or ACT and must pursue an engineering degree.
David Alan Quick Scholarship
Applicants must be in their junior or senior year at an accredited college or university pursuing a degree in aerospace or aeronautical engineering. Amount: $500.00. Deadline: February 28. http://www.youngeagles.org
Department of Homeland Security Undergraduate Scholarships
The purpose is to support students studying in fields relevant to homeland security. Applicants must be U.S. citizens who have not yet earned a bachelor’s degree and have a GPA of 3.3 or higher. They must major in a homeland security engineering, mathematics, science or technology field. There are other stipulations such as participating in a 10-week internship. See the website for more information. Amount: Tuition plus stipend. Deadline: January 5. http://www.orau.gov/dhsed/
Ellison Onizuka Memorial Scholarship Fund
This scholarship offers financial assistance to Hawaiian students who plan to major in aerospace engineering. Applicants must be graduating high school in the year of application. Amount: Varies. Deadline: March 1. http://www.hawaiicommunityfoundation.org
Ford Motor Company Engineering and Leadership Scholarship
The purpose is to provide opportunities for undergraduate and graduate students majoring in engineering. Eligible applicants must be Golden Key National Honour Society members and must be majoring in engineering. Amount: $10,000. Deadline: October 15. http://www.goldenkey.org
Future Engineers Scholarship
The purpose is to support engineering students. Applicants must be U.S. citizens and a full-time undergraduate students who are enrolled in or who have been accepted into a school of engineering at their postsecondary institution. Amount: $5,000. Deadline: October 15. http://www.kellyengineering.us
Gary Wagner, K3OMI scholarship
The purpose of this scholarship is to support engineering students who are involved in amateur radio. Applicants must have an amateur radio license of Novice Class or higher and be pursuing a bachelor’s degree in engineering. Available to residents of the following states only: Maryland, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia. Amount: $1,000. Deadline: February 1. http://www.arrlf.org
General Electric Foundation Scholarship
The purpose is to support female freshmen undergraduates who plan to study engineering. Applicants must be U.S. citizens who are rising undergraduate freshmen planning to major in engineering. Amount: $1,500. Deadline: Mid-May. http://www.swe.org
General James H. Doolittle Scholarship
The purpose of this scholarship is to support aerospace engineering science students. Applicants must be undergraduate juniors, seniors or graduate students enrolled in a degree program in aeronautical engineering or aerospace science. Students do not need to be a resident of Texas to qualify. Amount: Up to $5,000. Deadline: May 7. http://www.cftexas.org
Georgia Engineering Foundation Scholarship
Criteria for this undergraduate scholarship are that the student must be an incoming freshman, show financial need, have superior academic skills, and have a history of community service. Additionally, this aeronautical engineering scholarship is given to Georgia residents, who are U.S. citizens, and have an interest in pursuing a degree in aeronautical engineering. $1,000 to $5,000 dollars awarded annually.
Goldwater Science Scholarship
Barry Goldwater, statesman and scholar, left a lasting legacy with his Goldwater Science Scholarship. This foundation annually awards more than 300 scholarships that cover things such as tuition, fees, books, and may also cover room and board. $7,500.00 awarded each year.
Hansen Scholarship
The purpose of this scholarship is to support excellence among individuals studying the technologies and the skills needed in the field of aviation. Applicants must currently be enrolled in an accredited school and pursuing a degree in aerospace engineering. Student must be involved in school and community activities as well as aviation. They must also be an EAA member or recommended by a member. Amount: $1,000. Deadline: February 28. http://www.youngeagles.org
High Technology Scholar/Intern Tuition Waiver
(Massachusetts Dept. of Higher Education) This scholarship’s purpose is to provide financial aid and internship connections to computer technology and engineering students in Massachusetts. Student applicants must be enrolled in an undergraduate program at a Massachusetts public college. Amount: Up to full tuition. Deadline: Varies. http://www.osfa.mass.edu/default.asp
Hoku Scholarship Fund
Applicants must be Hawaii residents who are pursuing observatory careers with majors in astronomy, computer science, engineering, mathematics, physics or technology. Amount: Varies. Deadline: March 1. http://www.hawaiicommunityfoundation.org
Honeywell International Inc. Scholarships
The purpose of this scholarship is to aid female students planning to pursue undergraduate degrees in computer science and engineering. Applicants must be female U.S. citizens. Students must be rising undergraduate freshmen and plan to major in a related computer science or engineering field. Amount: $5,000. Deadline: February 15. http://www.swe.org
ISU Summer Session Scholarship
Applicants must have completed a bachelor’s degree and are pursuing a graduate degree in Aerospace Science. Amount: $10,000. Deadline: January 6. http://www.astronautical.org
Ivy M. Parker Memorial Scholarship
The purpose of this scholarship is to aid female undergraduates who are majoring in engineering. Eligible applicants must be full time students whoa re enrolled in an accredited engineering program. Amount: $1,500. Deadline: February 15. http://www.swe.org
Jacob K. Javits Fellowship US Department of Education
Because there is a critical shortage of aeronautical engineers the U.S. government has made money available for those who are specializing in this field. This money is primarily for those pursuing advanced degrees. The AIAA lists that there are approximately 27 fellowships offered each year. $43,000 offered annually.
Judith Resnik Memorial Scholarship
The purpose of this scholarship is to help female undergraduates who are majoring in aerospace engineering. Student applicants must be rising undergraduate sophomores, juniors or seniors and have a GPA of 3.0 or higher. Amount: $3,000. Deadline: February 15. http://www.swe.org
Kathryn D. Sullivan Science and Engineering Fellowship
The purpose is to aid rising undergraduate seniors who are studying the natural sciences, engineering or technology. Applicants must be US citizens and sponsored by a faculty member. Amount: $7,000. Deadline: February 4. http://www.cofc.edu
Lambeth Family Scholarship
The purpose of this scholarship is to aid students who are pursuing higher education in computer science, engineering, business, mathematics or the natural sciences. Applicants must be enrolled in a degree-granting program in one of the noted fields. Amount: $3,000. Deadline: March 1. http://www.seattlefoundation.org
Lillian Moller Gilbreth Memorial Scholarship
The purpose is to help female students who are majoring in engineering. Eligible applicants must be rising undergraduate juniors or seniors enrolled in an accredited program. Amount: $10,000. Deadline: February 15. http://www.swe.org
Lockheed Martin Freshman Scholarship
The purpose is to aid female students who are planning to pursue higher education in engineering. Applicants must be rising undergraduate freshmen planning to major in engineering. Amount: $3,000. Deadline: Mid-May. http://www.swe.org
Lockheed Martin/HENAAC Scholars Program
The purpose of this scholarship is to aid computer science and engineering students. Eligible applicants must be U.S. citizens or permanent residents and full-time students who are majoring in computer science or an aerospace related field. Amount: Varies. Deadline: April 30. http://www.greatmindsinstem.org
LTK Engineering Services Scholarship
Applicants must be current COMTO members or will to join within 30 days of receiving the scholarship. Student must be a college junior, senior or graduate student with a minimum 3.0 GPA. Amount: $6,000. Deadline: April 4. http://www.comto.org
LULAC (League of United Latin American Citizens) GE Scholarship
The purpose of this scholarship is to assist minority students who are majoring in business or engineering. Eligible applicants must be entering their sophomore year of college. Amount: Varies. Deadline: March 31. http://www.lnesc.org
MAES Scholarship Program
The purpose is to assist Hispanic students in the fields of engineering and science. Applicants must be current Hispanic MAES student members who are full-time undergraduate and graduate students. Amount: $1,000-$4,000. Deadline: September 11. http://www.maes-natl.org
Medtronic Foundation Scholarship
The purpose of this scholarship is to support African American sophomores and juniors at UNCF member colleges and universities majoring in a science, engineering or medical field. Amount: Up to $5,000. Deadline: November 12. http://www.uncf.org/
MSPE Harry R. Ball, P.E.Grant
The purpose of this grand is to aid Michigan students who are planning to pursue an undergraduate degree in engineering. Applicants must be Michigan residents, U.S. citizens and high school seniors. Amount: $2,000. Deadline: Third Monday in February. http://www.michiganspe.org
MSPE Kenneth B. Fishbeck, P.E., Memorial Grant
The purpose of this grant is to help Michigan students who are planning to pursue higher education in engineering. Eligible applicants must be high school seniors who are Michigan residents and U.S. citizens. Amount: $1,000. Deadline: Third Monday in February. http://www.michiganspe.org
NACME Pre-Engineering Student Scholarships
The purpose is to aid minority high school seniors who are planning to pursue an engineering degree. Applicants must be African-American, Latino or Native American high school seniors in the top 10% of their graduating class. Amount: $1,500. Deadline: May 10. http://www.nacmebacksme.org
NAMEPA Beginning Freshmen Engineering Student Award
The purpose of this award is to help minority students who are planning to pursue higher education in engineering. Eligible applicants must be Native American, Latino or African-American graduating high school seniors planning to pursue a degree in engineering. Amount: $1,000. Deadline: May 26. http://www.namepa.org
National Science and Mathematics Access to Retain Talent Grant
The purpose of this grant is to assist students who are majoring in physical, life or computer sciences, mathematics, technology, engineering or a foreign language that is critical to national securing in continuing their educations. Eligible applicants must be U.S. citizens who are Pell Grand recipients and at least a college sophomore. This award is to be used for the third and fourth year of undergraduate study. Amount: Up to $4,000. Deadline: Varies. http://studentaid.ed.gov
National Space Grant funded by NASA
This program provides student scholarships to colleges and universities in the US. Both undergraduate and graduate students are eligible and a quarter of all awards to minorities each year. Amount: Up to $10,000. Check with your states space grant consortium, see link: http://www.nasa.gov/offices/education/programs/national/spacegrant/home/…
NASA Aeronautics Scholarship, Aeronautic Scholarship Program (ASP)
The following is from their website: http://nasa.asee.org/
Undergraduate Students: $15,000 awarded for each school year, to be used for educational related expenses. $10,000 Summer internship at a NASA Research Center. 2 years of support.
Graduate Students: $35,000 stipend. $11,000 awarded each year, to be used for educational related expenses. $10,000 Summer internship at a NASA Research Center. 2 years of support, with an option for a 3rd year
Northrop Grumman Foundation Scholarship
The purpose of this scholarship is to aid female undergraduate computer science and engineering students. Eligible applicants must be rising undergraduate sophomores, juniors or seniors pursuing a degree in a related computer science or engineering field. Amount: $5,000. Deadline: Varies. http://www.swe.org
Northrop Grumman Freshman Scholarship
The purpose of this scholarship is to help female freshmen undergraduates who are planning to major in computer science or engineering. Applicants must be a rising undergraduate freshmen who are planning to major in a computer science or engineering related field. Amount: $5,000. Deadline: Varies. http://www.swe.org
Olive Lynn Salembier Memorial Reentry Scholarship
The purpose of this is to aid female engineering students. Applicants must be female high school seniors, undergraduates or graduate students studying engineering. Amount: $2,000. Deadline: Varies. http://www.swe.org
Parsons Brinckerhoff – Engineering Scholarship
The purpose of this scholarship is to support COMTO (Conference of Minority Transportation Officials) members who are studying engineering. Eligible applicants must be undergraduate students who have been COMTO members for at least one year. Amount: $5,000. Deadline: April 16. http://www.comto.org
Payzer Scholarship
Purpose of this scholarship is to promote students interested in technical careers. Applicants must be accepted or enrolled in an accredited program like engineering, mathematics or sciences and a member of EAA. Amount: $5,000. Deadline: February 28. http://www.youngeagles.org
Perry F. Hadlock Memorial Scholarship
The purpose of this scholarship is to assist students who are involved in amateur radio and seeking a bachelor’s degree or higher in a technology-related field. Eligible applicants must hold Technician Class Amateur Radio license or higher in the ARRL Atlantic or Hudson Division. Amount: $2,000. Deadline: February 1. http://www.arrlf.org
RBC Dain Rauscher Colorado Scholarships
The purpose of this scholarship is to provide assistance to outstanding Colorado high school seniors who pan to pursue a degree in science or engineering. Applicants must be graduating seniors at a Colorado high school who have a 3.75 GPA or higher. Amount: 3,000. Deadline: March 5. http://www.denverfoundation.org/grants/page/scholarships
Sallie Mae Bank Scholarships
The purpose of this scholarship is to provide financial assistance to engineering, nursing or teaching students. Eligible applicants must be undergraduate students who are majoring in on of these fields and are going to attend an accredited school in Salt Lake County or Utah County, Utah. Amount: $5,000. Deadline: March 31. http://www.salliemae.com/content/salliemaebank
Scholarship for Graduate Students in Aerospace Engineering
Applicants must be graduate students studying aerospace engineering. See website for more specifics on eligibility. Amount: Varies. Deadline: October 20, April 20. http://ssl.jbnu.ac.kr/xe/research_f
Science, Mathematics, And Research for Transformation Defense Scholarship for Research Program
Called (SMART) for short, this scholarship gives out more than 300 scholarships per year to be used for tuition, health insurance, books, and other college related costs. Academic excellence and a high GPA are some of the criteria used to determine eligibility. $25,000 to $41,000 awarded each year.
The Maureen L. and Howard N. Blitman, P.E., Scholarship
The purpose of this scholarship is to encourage minority students to pursue careers in engineering. Applicants must be African-American, Hispanic or Native American high school seniors who have been accepted into an accredited engineering program at a four year undergraduate program. Amount: $5,000. Deadline: March 1. http://www.nspe.org
The Raymond Davis Scholarship
This is a scholarship that awards a small stipend to those students pursuing a study in photographic or imaging sciences. Criteria lists that the applicant must be a full time student and have completed at least two years in college before applying. $1,000 awarded annually.
TMC/SAE Donald D. Dawson Technical Scholarship
The purpose is to help current and future engineering students. Eligible applicants must be U.S. citizens, high school seniors or current undergraduate students enrolled in an accredited engineering degree program. Amount: $1,500. Deadline: Varies. http://www.sae.org
Vertical Flight Foundation Engineering Scholarships
This foundation was founded to support the education in rotorcraft and vertical-takeoff-and-landing aircraft engineering. Applicants must be full-time students at an accredited school of engineering and submit a transcript with an academic endorsement. Amount: $1,000-$4,000. Deadline: February 1. http://www.vtol.org
William R. Goldfarb Memorial Scholarship
The purpose of this scholarship is to provide financial assistance to high school seniors who are amateur radio operators and are seeking to pursue a bachelor’s degree in business, computers, medical, nursing, engineering or science. Eligible applicants must have demonstrated financial need and plan to attend a regionally accredited institution. Amount: Up to $10,000. Deadline: February 1. http://www.arrlf.org
William R. Kimel, P.E. Engineering Scholarship
The purpose of this scholarship is to assist engineering students from Kansas and Missouri in paying for their education. Applicants must be permanent residents of either state and enrolled in an accredited undergraduate engineering program. This is for students in their junior year only. Amount: $2,500. Deadline: March 1. http://www.nspe.org
William Wrigley Jr. Scholarship/Internship
The purpose of this program is to support African-American engineering, business and chemistry students with scholarships and paid internships. Applicants must be sophomore or juniors at a UNCF member college and demonstrate financial need. Amount: Up to $3,000. Deadline: Varies. http://www.uncf.org
Women in Science and Technology Scholarship
The purpose of this scholarship is to support women who are pursuing careers in science and technology. Eligible applicants must be at least 18 years old, and officially accepted into a bachelor’s, master’s or doctoral program in the state of Virginia. Must be majoring in a related field. Amount: $500 – $1,000. Deadline: April 1. http://www.vabpwfoundation.org
Yasme Foundation Scholarship
The purpose of this scholarship is to support science and engineering students who are involved in amateur radio. Applicants must have an active amateur radio license and enrolled in a four-year institution. Amount: $2,000. Deadline: February 1. http://www.arrlf.org
The key to securing some of the aeronautical engineering scholarship money that is out there is to apply early and to have the entire component parts already lined up. For example, have three letters of reference already gathered and kept on file. Have a copy of current transcripts ready (both an unofficial and official copy). Lastly, go to the scholarship’s website and print out a list of their requirements to see if the applicant meets eligibility criteria. For those willing to put in the time and effort, the money is there to assist the astute aeronautical engineering student in securing the money to go to school.
Aerospace and Aeronautical Engineer Careers
For those considering a career in aerospace and aeronautical engineering, an understanding of the aeronautical engineering salary can be of benefit. The salary for an engineer in the aeronautical field can range widely depending on location, experience, training, and technology involved. Compared to other careers, engineers command good starting salaries and the job security seems high.
Salary differences can vary depending on the facility in which the aerospace engineer finds himself. For example, private agencies tend to pay higher wages than those who are subsidized by the government or supported by the public. According to PayScale.com, the average range for an aeronautical engineer with just a bachelor’s degree is around $50,000, while those who have advanced degrees can enjoy salaries that can range into the six figures.
Upward mobility is encouraged and easily obtained. This advancement in the workplace leads to a higher rate of pay for the employees. Some of the more notable companies who employ great numbers of aeronautical engineers are Northrop Grumman, Lockheed Martin, and North Star Aerospace.
It might interest the student to note that salaries can also differ from state to state. For example, it would seem that Indiana leads the nation in starting salaries, while Nevada offers the lowest starting pay for their aeronautical engineers. The American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics has released a recent statement recommending that recent graduates consider an internship with one of the companies whose pay rate is high. Employers are more likely to hire someone that they are familiar with and who already understands the systems and the protocols of the company. Many aeronautical engineering schools and colleges offer this sort of internship placement program.
Aeronautical engineer salaries are often the highest among all engineering career paths because of their specialized training. Most references recommend that the student plan on continuing their education well past their bachelor’s degree as the field is becoming more competitive each year.
Fields of Work as an Aerospace Engineer
Many companies offering positions in this field give employees a chance to contribute to the organization in a variety of ways. Having an aeronautical engineering degree doesn’t limit the candidate to working in the field of systems engineering or testing. In many cases, the candidate can work in the fields such as structures, propulsion, navigation and controls, mission analysis, software engineering and aircraft guidance systems.
Some work in the field of airframe and installation design, while others work in configuration management and flight testing. Aeronautical engineers can fulfill a number of different engineering positions and roles within an organization, and can get on-the-job training to specialize in a particular area at some point in their career.
Salary Ranges
Salary ranges vary significantly by employer and location of the position. Salaries and wages are also calculated based on the candidate’s years of experience in that particular field, areas of specialization, and any advanced training they may have received during their work-study program or internships.
The salary range for aeronautical engineer careers is from $48,000 to $109,000. Some candidates are eligible for bonuses and profit sharing programs that add from $5,000 to $30,000 to the base pay.
Basic Education and Training Requirements
If you are interested in pursuing an aeronautical engineering career, you will need to have at least a bachelor’s degree in the field and then complete four years of hands-on training. Aeronautical engineers are required to pass two exams and complete training as a graduate in order to receive their Professional Engineer (PE) credentials.
Bachelor’s degree programs must be accredited by the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) and students may choose to specialize in a particular area during their final years of study. Specialization can open up more career opportunities and can also command a higher-than-average salary.
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