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160 VPN-Standorte
Die beste Verschlüsselung
Heim- und Bürovernetzung
> Sport streamen > College Football
How to watch NCAA college football live streams with a VPN
Watch the Shrine Bowl and the Collegiate Bowl
Watch on Hulu
Stream on YouTube TV
Watch on Sling TV
Stream on AT&T TV Now
Watch on fuboTV
Watch on ESPN+
Follow on ESPN Radio
Stream Pac-12 bowls on DAZN
Watch the Shrine Bowl and the Collegiate Bowl on NFL Game Pass
Channels: NFL Network
You can watch the East–West Shrine Bowl, NFLPA Collegiate Bowl, and the Senior Bowl on the NFL Network via NFL Game Pass.
Need other ways to watch the Shrine Bowl or the Collegiate Bowl, check out Sling TV and fuboTV.
Go to NFL Game Pass and sign up.
Watch NCAA football bowl games on Hulu
Channels: ABC, ACCN, BTN, CBS, CBSSN, ESPN, ESPN 2, ESPNU, Fox, FS1, FSN, NBC, SEC Network, and Stadium
NCAA bowl games channels: ABC, CBS, CBSSN, ESPN, ESPN 2, Fox, and FS1
Hulu lets you watch every NCAA bowl game between December 20 and January 13. Games aired on the ESPN channels will be simulcast on ESPN Deportes available via Sling TV or Hulu (choose the “Espanol” add-on). There’s a seven-day free trial available.
Go to Hulu and use the free trial.
Watching on mobile? Fire up the Hulu app (on Android and iOS).
Learn more about watching Hulu with ExpressVPN.
Stream all college football bowl games on YouTube TV
Price: 50 USD/month
NCAA bowl games channels: ABC, CBS, CBSSN, ESPN, ESPN 2, Fox, FS1
YouTube TV lets you watch every NCAA bowl game between December 20 to January 13. There’s a five-day free trial available too!
Go to YouTube TV and use the free trial.
Watching on mobile? Fire up the YouTube TV app (on Android and iOS).
Learn more about watching YouTube TV with ExpressVPN.
Stream college football bowls live on Sling TV
Channels: ABC, CBS, ESPN, ESPN 2, ESPN 3, ESPNU, Fox, FS1, NBC, NFL Network, SEC Network (“Sports Extra” add-on), Pac-12 Network (“Sports Extra” add-on), and Stadium
NCAA bowl games channels: ABC, CBS, ESPN, ESPN 2, Fox, and FS1
NCAA all-star games channels: NFL Network and CBSSN
Sling TV is a great way to catch bowl season and all-star games like the Shrine Bowl and the Senior Bowl. To access the SEC Network and Pac-12 Network channels, get the “Sports Extra” add-on for Sling TV for an extra 10 USD/month. Games aired on the ESPN channels will be simulcast on ESPN Deportes available via Sling TV (choose the “Best of Spanish” add-on) or Hulu. Sling TV offers a seven-day free trial with Sling TV.
Head to Sling and select a package, or use the free trial. You may need a U.S. credit card or Paypal.
Tune in to the action!
Watching on mobile? Fire up the Sling TV app (on Android and iOS).
Learn more about watching Sling TV with ExpressVPN.
Watch NCAA football bowl games on AT&T TV Now
Channels: ABC, ACC Network, BTN, CBS, ESPN, ESPN 2, ESPNU, Fox, FS1, NBC, and SEC Network
Looking for another way to stream college football bowl games? AT&T TV Now is another great way to get your fill. In order to watch the ACC Network, BTN, and ESPNU channels, choose the AT&T TV Now Max package for an extra 15 USD/month. To subscribe to AT&T TV Now, you will need to access the service from a U.S. IP address. Not sure if you want to commit to AT&T TV Now? Use the seven-day free trial!
Visit AT&T TV Now and use the free trial.
Tune in to the games!
Watching on mobile? Fire up the AT&T TV Now app (on Android and iOS).
Learn more about watching AT&T TV Now with ExpressVPN.
Watch NCAA football postseason games on fuboTV
Channels: BTN, CBS, CBSSN, Fox, FS1, NBC, NFL Network, Pac-12 Network, and Stadium (“Fubo Extra” add-on)
NCAA bowl games channels: CBS, CBSSN, Fox, and FS1
Don’t have a cable subscription? No problemo. fuboTV is an affordable, no-strings streaming package that includes many channels for watching NCAA football games live. In order to get the Stadium channel, choose the “Fubo Extra” add-on for an extra 6 USD/month. To subscribe to fuboTV, you will need to access the service from a U.S. IP address. Not sure if you want to commit to fuboTV? Use the seven-day free trial!
Visit fuboTV and use the free trial.
Tip: If you’re watching fuboTV (or any other streaming service) on Windows or Mac, be sure to download and use the ExpressVPN browser extension before accessing the stream.
Watching on mobile? Fire up the fuboTV app (on Android and iOS).
Learn more about watching fuboTV with ExpressVPN.
Pro Tip: Use the above free trials together for one month of free streams!
Watch NCAA football bowl live streams on ESPN+
You can tune in to select NCAA football bowl games live on ESPN+, which costs 5 USD/month. ESPN+ is also available in a bundle with Disney+ and Hulu’s on-demand service for 13 USD/month. If you don’t feel like committing to ESPN+, use the seven-day free trial.
Enjoy the stream!
Follow NCAA football bowls on ESPN Radio
ESPN Radio offers an online audio broadcast of many NCAA football games broadcasted on ESPN. The best thing is, it’s completely free!
Head to the official website of ESPN Radio.
Listening on mobile? Fire up the ESPN Radio app on your Android or iOS device.
How to stream Pac-12 bowl games on DAZN
Price: 20 CAD/month or 150 CAD/year
You can tune in to all the NCAA football Pac-12 bowl games live on DAZN. You may need to provide a valid Canadian credit/debit card and postal code (e.g., G1X 2W1, V9N 9C5). If you don’t have a Canadian bank account, you can subscribe via PayPal, Apple in-app purchase, or a (pre-paid) gift card. A 30-day free trial is available.
Connect to a server location in Canada.
Head to DAZN Canada and sign up.
Learn more about watching DAZN with ExpressVPN.
Watch NCAA football bowl games live online on FloSports
Price: 12.50 USD/month
FloSports offers live and on-demand football content for 12.50 USD/month throughout the whole year. FloSports football streaming service FloFootball provides coverage of three college football bowl games: The Spiral Tropical Bowl, the FCS National Bowl, and the National Bowl. It will also be the exclusive broadcaster of the high-school bowl All America Classic through 2021.
When you unblock FloSports in your region, you get to access live events, replays, results, team and athlete rankings, and the latest news.
Head to FloSports and subscribe.
Stream the event live!
Watching on mobile? Fire up the FloSports app on your Android or iOS device.
2019/20 NCAA football bowl games calendar
Never miss a game! Follow the action on the 2019/20 NCAA football bowl games calendar. Check your streaming site of choice for times. Dates listed here may be subject to change.
Date/Time (Eastern Time) Bowl Teams How to Watch
December 20, 2019, 7:30 p.m., on ESPN 2 Frisco Bowl Utah State 51-41 Kent State Hulu, YouTube TV, Sling TV, or AT&T TV Now
December 20, 2019, 2 p.m., on ESPN Bahamas Bowl Charlotte 9-31 Buffalo Hulu, YouTube TV, Sling TV, or AT&T TV Now
December 21, 2019, 9 p.m., on ESPN New Orleans Bowl UAB 17-31 Appalachian State Hulu, YouTube TV, Sling TV, or AT&T TV Now
December 21, 2019, 7:30 p.m., on ABC Las Vegas Bowl Washington 38-7 Boise State Hulu, YouTube TV, Sling TV, or AT&T TV Now
December 21, 2019, 5:30 p.m., on ESPN Camellia Bowl FIU 26-34 Arkansas State Hulu, YouTube TV, Sling TV, or AT&T TV Now
December 21, 2019, 3:30 p.m., on ABC Boca Raton Bowl FAU 52-28 SMU Hulu, YouTube TV, Sling TV, or AT&T TV Now
December 21, 2019, 2:30 p.m., on CBSSN Cure Bowl Georgia Southern 16-23 Liberty Hulu or YouTube TV
December 21, 2019, 2 p.m., on ESPN New Mexico Bowl Central Michigan 11-48 San Diego State Hulu, YouTube TV, Sling TV, or AT&T TV Now
December 21, 2019, 12 p.m., on ABC Celebration Bowl NC A&T 64-44 Alcorn State Hulu, YouTube TV, Sling TV, or AT&T TV Now
December 23, 2019, 2:30 p.m., on ESPN Gasparilla Bowl Marshall 25-48 UCF Hulu, YouTube TV, Sling TV, or AT&T TV Now
December 24, 2019, 8 p.m., on ESPN Hawaii Bowl BYU 34-38 Hawaii Hulu, YouTube TV, Sling TV, or AT&T TV Now
December 26, 2019, 8 p.m., on ESPN Quick Lane Bowl Pitt 34-30 Eastern Michigan Hulu, YouTube TV, Sling TV, or AT&T TV Now
December 26, 2019, 4 p.m., on ESPN Independence Bowl Miami (FL) 0-14 Louisiana Tech Hulu, YouTube TV, Sling TV, or AT&T TV Now
December 27, 2019, 10:15 p.m., on ESPN Cheez-It Bowl Washington State 21-31 Air Force Hulu, YouTube TV, Sling TV, or AT&T TV Now
December 27, 2019, 8 p.m., on FS1 Holiday Bowl USC 24-49 Iowa Hulu, YouTube TV, Sling TV, AT&T TV Now, or fuboTV
December 27, 2019, 6:45 p.m., on ESPN Texas Bowl Texas A&M 24-21 Oklahoma State Hulu, YouTube TV, Sling TV, or AT&T TV Now
December 27, 2019, 3:20 p.m., on ESPN Pinstripe Bowl Michigan State 27-21 Wake Forest Hulu, YouTube TV, Sling TV, or AT&T TV Now
December 27, 2019, 12 p.m., on ESPN Military Bowl North Carolina 55-13 Temple Hulu, YouTube TV, Sling TV, or AT&T TV Now
December 28, 2019, 12 p.m., on ABC Camping World Bowl Notre Dame 33-9 Iowa State Hulu, YouTube TV, Sling TV, or AT&T TV Now
December 28, 2019, 4 p.m., on ESPN National Semifinal – Peach Bowl Oklahoma 28-63 LSU Hulu, YouTube TV, Sling TV, or AT&T TV Now
December 28, 2019, 8 p.m., on ESPN National Semifinal – Fiesta Bowl Clemson 29-23 Ohio State Hulu, YouTube TV, Sling TV, or AT&T TV Now
December 28, 2019, 12 p.m.,on ESPN New Year’s Six Bowl – Cotton Bowl Classic Memphis 39-53 Penn State Hulu, YouTube TV, Sling TV, or AT&T TV Now
December 30, 2019, 4 p.m., on Fox Redbox Bowl Illinois 20-35 Cal Hulu, YouTube TV, Sling TV, AT&T TV Now, or fuboTV
December 30, 2019, 4 p.m., on ESPN Music City Bowl Louisville 38-28 Mississippi State Hulu, YouTube TV, Sling TV, or AT&T TV Now
December 30, 2019, 12:30 p.m., on ESPN First Responder Bowl Western Michigan 20-23 Western Kentucky Hulu, YouTube TV, Sling TV, or AT&T TV Now
December 30, 2019, 8:00 p.m., on ESPN New Year’s Six Bowl – Orange Bowl Virginia 28-36 Florida Hulu, YouTube TV, Sling TV, or AT&T TV Now
December 31, 2019, 4:30 p.m., on CBSSN Arizona Bowl Wyoming 38-17 Georgia State Hulu or YouTube TV
December 31, 2019, 3:45 p.m., on ESPN Liberty Bowl Kansas State 17-20 Navy Hulu, YouTube TV, Sling TV, or AT&T TV Now
December 31, 2019, 2 p.m., on CBS Tony the Tiger Sun Bowl Arizona State 20-14 Florida State Hulu, YouTube TV, Sling TV, AT&T TV Now, or fuboTV
December 31, 2019, 12 p.m., on ESPN Belk Bowl Virginia Tech 30-37 Kentucky Hulu, YouTube TV, Sling TV, or AT&T TV Now
December 31, 2019, 7:30 p.m., on ESPN Alamo Bowl Utah 10-38 Texas Hulu, YouTube TV, Sling TV, or AT&T TV Now
January 1, 2020, 1 p.m., on ESPN Outback Bowl Minnesota 31-24 Auburn Hulu, YouTube TV, Sling TV, or AT&T TV Now
January 1, 2020, 1 p.m., on ABC Citrus Bowl Michigan 16-35 Alabama Hulu, YouTube TV, Sling TV, or AT&T TV Now
January 1, 2020, 8:45 p.m., on ESPN New Year’s Six Bowl – Sugar Bowl Georgia 26-14 Baylor Hulu, YouTube TV, Sling TV, or AT&T TV Now
January 1, 2020, 5:00 p.m., on ESPN New Year’s Six Bowl – Rose Bowl Wisconsin 27-28 Oregon Hulu, YouTube TV, Sling TV, or AT&T TV Now
January 2, 2020, 7 p.m., on ESPN Gator Bowl Tennessee 23-22 Indiana Hulu, YouTube TV, Sling TV, or AT&T TV Now
January 2, 2020, 3 p.m., on ESPN Birmingham Bowl Boston College 6-38 Cincinnati Hulu, YouTube TV, Sling TV, or AT&T TV Now
January 3, 2020, 3:30 p.m., on ESPN Idaho Potato Bowl Nevada 21-30 Ohio Hulu, YouTube TV, Sling TV, or AT&T TV Now
January 4, 2020, 11:30 a.m., on ESPN Armed Forces Bowl Tulane 30-13 Southern Miss Hulu, YouTube TV, Sling TV, or AT&T TV Now
January 6, 2020, 7:30 p.m., on ESPN Lending Tree Bowl LA-Lafayette 27-17 Miami (OH) Hulu, YouTube TV, Sling TV, or AT&T TV Now
January 13, 2020, on ESPN CFP National Championship Clemson 25-42 LSU Hulu, YouTube TV, Sling TV, or AT&T TV Now
January 18, 2020, 3 p.m., on NFL Network East-West Shrine Bowl East vs. West NFL Games Pass (free), Sling TV, or fuboTV
January 18, 2020, 3 p.m., on NFL Network NFLPA Collegiate Bowl American Team vs. National Team NFL Games Pass (free), Sling TV, or fuboTV
January 25, 2020, 2:30 p.m., on NFL Network Senior Bowl North vs. South NFL Games Pass (free), Sling TV, or fuboTV
January 26, 2020, 9:30 p.m., on CBSSN Hula Bowl East (Aina) vs. West (Kai) Hulu or YouTube TV
Can LSU repeat?
In the annals of college football, there have been few seasons as dominant as the one the LSU Tigers enjoyed in 2019-20. The Bayou Bengals went a perfect 15-0 behind a world-beating offense, averaging 47.2 points a game and obliterating all who stood in their way. Quarterback Joe Burrow wrote his name into the history books after delivering the single-most prolific offensive season in college football history. It will be a long time before anyone tops his single-season record of 60 touchdown passes and 6,039 yards of total offense.
With Burrow projected to go first in the upcoming NFL draft, who’s going to take over the reins at LSU? Can head coach Ed Orgeron build on this dream season and launch a dynasty to match those of Alabama and Clemson?
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What Do Dragonflies Eat?
1 Adult Dragonflies
2 Dragonfly Nymphs
FAQs for Dragonflies
1 Why Are They Called Dragonflies?
2 Do Dragonflies Bite or Sting?
3 How Long Do Dragonflies Live?
4 What Enemies Do Dragonflies Have?
5 How Fast Do They Fly?
6 How Good Are Dragonflies' Eyes?
Most people are unlikely to ask you which insects you like, but if they did, it probably only takes seconds to list them. With the exception of entomologists, most people only like a few insects, the harmless and pretty ones, including ladybugs, butterflies, and dragonflies. Despite their popularity, most people aren't able to answer the question "what do dragonflies eat?" These insects are predators and both adults and nymphs (those who live in water) mostly eat other insects they hunt.
When answering the question "what do dragonflies eat?" it is important to consider the different kinds of dragonflies. Adult dragonflies are fully grown while dragonfly nymphs are younger and live in the water. Although both are predators, they have slightly different diets.
Adult Dragonflies
Adult dragonflies will eat any insect as long as they are able to catch it. While they usually eat mosquitoes and midges, they also eat butterflies, moths, beetles, bees, flies, and even other dragonflies. The general rule is that larger dragonflies will eat insects of body weight daily.
To catch their food, most dragonflies will capture prey while it is flying. They are able to fly backwards, hover in place, turn in tight spots, and accelerate instantly, and each of these abilities helps them catch prey. Dragonflies can create a type of basket with their legs that let them scoop up a bug and put it in their mouth without taking a break. Other dragonflies simply open their mouths to swallow food as they fly. Yet other dragonflies glean their food, which means they catch the insects that perch above plant stems and leaves. Immature adults will eat caterpillars which hang from the trees.
The following video shows how dragonflies hunt:
Dragonfly Nymphs
Dragonfly nymphs live in the water and they usually wait on aquatic vegetation for their prey. When an insect gets close enough, the dragonfly unfurls their labium, instantly thrusting it forward and grabbing the insect with palpi. The larger dragonfly nymphs may eat small fish or tadpoles as well.
People who wonder "what do dragonflies eat?" also have other questions about these flying insects. Here are answers to some of the most common questions.
Why Are They Called Dragonflies?
The first reference to these insects as dragonflies was in "Sylva Sylvarum: or a Natural Historie in Ten Centuries" by Francis Bacon. This book included various speculations, observations, experiments, analytic discussions, and ancient teachings on everything. There were ten chapters in the book with each containing a hundred items. The book, which was the first to use the term "dragon-fly" was published in 1626. Before this book, dragonflies had also been known as Devil's Darning Needle, Horse Stinger, Devil's riding Horse, Snake Doctor, and Adder Bolt.
Do Dragonflies Bite or Sting?
It is common to ask two related questions, specifically "do dragonflies bite?" and "do dragonflies sting?" The short answer to this question is that no, dragonflies will not bite or sting. Occasionally a large dragonfly may try to bite if you hold it, but it will not break the skin. The protuberances that look like stingers are actually egg-laying tubes and dragonflies don't bite people.
How Long Do Dragonflies Live?
The shortest amount of time that a dragonfly's life cycle will last is around six months, but larger dragonflies can easily live six or seven years. A dragonfly's life is beginning in their larval form in which they live under the surface of the water and catch other invertebrates. Small damselflies may live several weeks as adults that free-fly while large ones may remain in this stage for around four months. Despite this, larger dragonflies are rarely in this stage for over two months with damselflies only being there for two weeks at the most. It is common for dragonflies to die from predation, starvation, or accidents.
What Enemies Do Dragonflies Have?
As with any insect, dragonflies have several enemies. Birds (including hobbies and wagtails), spiders, and frogs all eat dragonflies as part of their diet. In addition, larger dragonflies may also eat smaller ones, as mentioned earlier, meaning that a larger dragonfly would be the enemy of a small damselfly. When dragonflies are living underwater during their larval stage, their enemies include kingfishers, newts, toads, frogs, fish, and other aquatic invertebrates.
How Fast Do They Fly?
The speed of a dragonfly will depend on the exact type as well as their size. Large types of dragonflies can fly about 25 to 30 miles per hour (10 to 15 meters a second). Despite this maximum speed, they are more likely to have an average speed of 10 miles per hour. The general rule is that smaller dragonflies will fly more slowly and this includes damselflies. Medium-sized dragonflies, on the other hand, are frequently able to fly as fast as larger ones despite their slightly smaller size.
How Good Are Dragonflies' Eyes?
Dragonflies have excellent vision and rely on this vision in order to find and then catch small insects in mid-air, as mentioned earlier. As with most insects, dragonflies have compound eyes and this means that each eye has several thousand facets, each of which is individual and contains its own tiny lens. Each of these individual lenses is low resolution, but when each lens and facet works together, they are able to create a high resolution image. In fact, the large number of facets allows for vision that tops that of most other insects. In addition to using their excellent eyesight for hunting, dragonflies also rely on it to find potential mates and avoid predators.
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Too much color blinds the eye, Too much music deafens the ear, Too much taste dulls the palate, Too much play madd...
Too much color blinds the eye, Too much music deafens the ear, Too much taste dulls the palate, Too much play maddens the mind, Too much desire tears the heart. (Tao Te Ching, Chapter 12)
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5 Examples of Brands Doing Holiday Marketing Right
Let your imagination and storytelling skills run wild as you promote your brand during this merry, hopefully profitable, season.
Jayson DeMers
Founder and CEO, AudienceBloom
We’re well into December, which means brands have had a few good weeks to warm up their holiday marketing strategies. If you haven’t yet developed your own brand's holiday-specific marketing strategy, don’t worry -- there’s still time before this year slips by.
Related: The 6 Musts of a Successful Holiday Marketing Campaign
And, better yet, you can look at some of the best marketing campaigns out there to generate inspiration for your own creative, forward-thinking campaign.
Take a look at these five brands doing holiday marketing right:
1. John Lewis and "Buster the Boxer"
Retailer John Lewis kicked off the 2016 holiday advertising season with a popular video ad featuring “Buster the Boxer” and a number of other animals enjoying a little girl’s trampoline Christmas present. The retailer is also working with a wildlife charity, in direct relationship with the ad.
The ad is powerful because it capitalizes on the joy and nostalgia of the holiday, but does so with humor and levity. People find it refreshing and amusing, but still perfectly suited to the season.
2. Aldi and "Kevin the Carrot"
Grocery chain Aldi made an interesting move by featuring an ad with a short story about a carrot named Kevin and his journey to Santa’s sleigh. The narrative is admittedly ridiculous, but the brand gets the opportunity to show off its food products and remain top-of-mind in a season when most consumers are thinking about buying more food and drink.
Characters are always popular around Christmastime, as seen with Buster the Boxer, and as you’ll see with Juliette.
3. McDonald’s "Juliette"
McDonald’s released a holiday advertisement featuring the story of Juliette, a doll who comes to life but has nobody to purchase her. Eventually, she finds happiness with a fictional Meteor Mike doll at -- you guessed it -- McDonald’s. The campaign ties into a number of holiday-themed efforts from the restaurant chain, including Juliette-inspired imagery on its paper materials, and augmented reality integrations on its in-store table mats.
The multi-channel effort aims to promote sales during the holidays, and introduces a character while drawing on emotions and nostalgia.
Related: To Maximize Holiday Sales Start Planning Your Marketing Early
4. Dollar Shave Club’s “perfect” gift
The Dollar Shave Club has an obvious demographic -- and the company made light of this in its marketing campaign last year, with the “perfect gift for almost everyone.” The ad campaign features images of people receiving gift subscriptions who have zero use for the service, including children, women, proud beard-growers and even an invisible man.
It pokes fun at traditional ad campaigns, and again injects humor into what is otherwise a stressful holiday.
5. Reese’s turns criticism into gold.
Last year, Reese’s pulled a brilliant marketing move after receiving an influx of criticism about the shape of its Christmas tree-themed confections. Every year, Reese’s releases its signature peanut butter cups in the shape of Christmas trees, though some social media users opined that many of these trees looked more like human excrement.
Rather than ignore the criticism, Reese’s played it up, injecting humor into the situation and showing its customers that it really listens to them: It spawned the hashtag #alltreesarebeautiful, and while short-lived, the Twitter campaign attracted an amazing response on social media from the same people who had rejected the initial Reese's effort.
So, what can you learn from these five examples?
Market early and often. The earlier you start marketing, the better -- you only have just over three weeks before the year’s out and the opportunity is gone. Though people often criticize the “Christmas creep” that pushes marketing earlier and earlier, there’s a reason why so many businesses are pushing for more marketing time and opportunities.
Use multiple channels. The holidays are on people’s minds everywhere, which means you have lots of opportunities to reach people -- try using more of those opportunities. Write blogs, post videos, publish advertising, send emails and get more social.
Feature characters.Storytelling is a marketing mainstay, and the holiday season makes narratives even more powerful. Create a character -- even if it’s a silly one -- to represent your brand in your campaign. Even something simple, like your logo with a Santa hat, could work.
Draw on nostalgia and emotion.The most powerful way to connect with people is through their emotions, and nostalgia is one of the most powerful, holiday-connected emotions you can use. Tell stories, use imagery, and convey ideas that resonate with your target audience.
But keep it light. At the same time, as evidenced above, consumers want a break from the seriousness. The holidays can be a stressful time, and keeping things light with humor and fun can be just what they need.
There’s no single right approach to marketing for the holidays, but the brands described here teach us some important lessons about reaching your target audience during the season. So, get your holiday marketing campaign into gear, and pay attention to how your audience responds.
Related: The Holiday Marketing Campaign Hall of Fame (Infographic)
This is your last sprint before we all close the book on 2016.
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The Best Store-Bought Whole Wheat Bread for Toast, Sandwiches, and Snacking
We tasted 10 common grocery store brands of whole wheat bread to determine the best of the bunch. Did your favorite make the cut?
By Joe Sevier
Photo by Chelsea Kyle, Food Styling by Joe Sevier
So you don't have time to make the best whole wheat sandwich bread from scratch—congratulations, you're just like the rest of us! And you know what else we don't have time for? Standing around in the ever-expanding bread aisle, deciphering labels, monitoring lists of ingredients, trying to remember which bread we bought last time, and generally spending too much time at the grocery store.
Taste Test: The Best Supermarket Cheddar
So guess what: we've done the hard work for you. We piled up 10 loaves of sliced whole wheat sandwich bread and tasted our way through them to determine once and for all which was the best tasting of the bunch. There were some surprises—one bread tasted distinctly (alarmingly?) of cinnamon, while others suffered from bitterness, unpleasant sourness, or excessive sweetness. And then there were a few goldilocks loaves: whole wheat breads that toed the line of sweet, nutty, and sour, and had good texture (not too dry or too gummy) to boot. So, here's the fine print:
How We Tested
We only chose breads marked with the Whole Grain Council's seal of approval. These breads listed whole wheat flour as the first ingredient and were labeled "Whole Wheat" (as opposed to "Whole Grain" or "7 Grain") by the manufacturer. The Epi staff blindly tasted each loaf without any spreads or accompaniments, then rated the slices on a scale from one to 10, paying special attention to both flavor and texture.
What We Were Looking For
The best whole wheat bread had to be liked by all tasters and have a texture that was a happy medium between dense and airy—not too dry and hard nor too soft and gummy. That's all to say the bread had to taste good, and while different tasters had preferences that ran the gamut, our winners (spoiler alert: there was a tie) stood out as pleasant to all of us.
Our Top-Rated Whole Wheat Breads: Arnold and Freihofer's:
Our top two breads were very similar: both had rectangular slices (as opposed to square) and flaky grains scattered across the top, which we liked for the added texture. Both breads were markedly sweet, especially when compared to other samples on the board. While some tasters found that Arnold verged on the side of too sweet, the sweetness overall proved to be a positive aspect of the bread. Freihofer's had a distinctly dark crust that lent a touch of bitterness to tame the sweetness. We also found that it had a pleasant yeasty sourness. The overall texture for both breads was deemed soft but hearty, and each had a wonderfully nutty aroma and flavor.
Arnold Ingredients: Whole Wheat Flour, Water, Sugar, Wheat Gluten, Yeast, Raisin Juice Concentrate, Wheat Bran, Molasses, Soybean Oil, Salt, Monoglycerides, Calcium Propionate (Preservative), Calcium Sulfate, Datem, Grain Vinegar, Citric Acid, Soy Lecithin, Whey, Nonfat Milk.
Freihofer's Ingredients: Whole Wheat Flour, Water, Sugar, Wheat Gluten, Yeast, Soybean Oil, Sea Salt, Wheat Bran, Monoglycerides, Calcium Propionate (preservative), DATEM, Calcium Sulfate, Salt, Reb A (Stevia Leaf Sweetener), Soy Lecithin, Citric Acid.
Note: In some parts of the country Arnold is sold as Oroweat or Brownberry.
BUY IT: Arnold Whole Grains 100% Whole Wheat Bread, $3.87 for a 24-ounce loaf at Jet.com or Freihofer's Country Stone Ground 100% Whole Wheat Bread, $4.49 for a 24-ounce loaf at Jet.com
Our Top-Rated Organic Whole Wheat Bread: Rise
Rise was definitely heartier than our top two choices, but it never drifted too far into dry and crumbly as some other brands did. In fact, several tasters suspected this bread would fare better than our top contenders when slicked with mustard or jam and stashed in a lunchbox for several hours before eating. The bread is dotted with seedy bits of cracked wheat, which tasters either loved or hated when considering its use as a sandwich bread, but saw as an all-around win if using it to make toast with salted butter and eggs.
Rise Ingredients: Organic whole wheat (organic whole wheat flour, organic cracked whole wheat) water, organic cane sugar, cultured wheat flour, yeast, organic sunflower oil, sea salt, organic flax meal, organic vital wheat gluten, organic molasses
BUY IT: Rise Organic Bakery 100% Whole Wheat Bread, $5.99 for a 25-ounce loaf at Whole Foods
We tasted 10 brands of whole wheat bread to find one hearty enough for buttered toast and mustardy sandwiches alike.
We also tasted:
Nature's Own 100% Whole Wheat Bread
Rudi's Organic Bakery Whole Wheat Bread
Sara Lee Delightful 100% Whole Wheat Bread
Sara Lee Classic 100% Whole Wheat Bread
Schmidt Old Tyme 100% Whole Wheat Bread
Stroehmann Dutch Country 100% Whole Wheat Bread
Whole Foods' 365 Whole Wheat Sandwich Bread
As mentioned above, we found many of these breads to either be gummy or dry and/or bitter or overly sour. Several were more delicate than we want in a whole wheat bread. And one of them, Rudi's, tasted remarkably like cinnamon raisin bread, without the raisins. Not necessarily a bad thing, and though it might work for morning toast, we were looking for a hearty bread that would also taste great on a towering ham and cheese.
All products featured on Epicurious are independently selected by our editors. If you buy something through our retail links, we may earn a small affiliate commission.
TagsTaste TestSandwich TheorySandwichBreadSmall PlatesKid-FriendlyWhole WheatShoppingEpi Staff Picks
Since 1995, Epicurious has been the ultimate food resource for the home cook, with daily kitchen tips, fun cooking videos, and, oh yeah, over 33,000 recipes.
More from Epicurious
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Disabilities and Other Considerations for OSAP
Paying for CollegeFinancial Aid and AwardsOSAP & Student LoansStudents with special circumstances
OSAP & Student Loans
Back to OSAP & Student Loans
Before applying for OSAP
How to apply for OSAP
How to get your OSAP funding
Students with special circumstances
OSAP FAQs: New students (first time applying)
OSAP FAQs: After applying
OSAP FAQs: Returning or continuing students
Student Loan Webinars
If you're a student with specific needs, your special circumstances may mean that you're eligible for additional OSAP funds or money from other sources to help you pay for school.
If you have a permanent disability, you could be eligible for full-time OSAP funding if you're studying at 40% or more of a full course load. To be considered for this benefit, you must self-identify as having a permanent disability when applying for OSAP. You must also submit an application for the OSAP Bursary for Students with Disabilities (BSWD) and Canada Student Grant for Services and Equipment for Persons with Permanent Disabilities (CSG-PDSE), available mid to late June.
Here's how:
Apply for OSAP and be eligible for OSAP funding (submit all required documents)
If required, complete the new OSAP Disability Verification Form available under Required Documents when your self-identify as a student with a permanent disability and return to the Financial Aid Office, E2020 or upload on your OSAP application
Follow up with the application for the Bursary for Students with Disabilities (BSWD) and Canada Student Grant for Services and Equipment for Persons with Permanent Disabilities (CSG-PDSE), available mid to late June.
Click here to search and download forms for the BSWD and CSG-PDSE on the OSAP website.
Register as early as possible with Accessibility Services at Fanshawe (Room F2010, London Campus). Early identification ensures consideration for the BSWD and the CSG-PDSE. You could also be eligible for other accommodates and supports offered by Accessibility Services.
Click here to complete the Early ID Form or call 519-452-4282 and ask for an appointment with a counsellor.
The Bursary for Students with Disabilities (BSWD) and Canada Student Grant for Services and Equipment for Persons with Permanent Disabilities (CSG-PDSE) help students with financial need meet educational-related costs associated with a permanent disability. Funding could be granted for services and equipment such as tutoring, Learning Disability Assessments and specialized equipment, including computer hardware/software.
Other special circumstances
Additional funding may be available if you are:
an Indigenous student
a current or former Crown ward
receiving social assistance
the first in your family to go to college or university.
If you're an Indigenous student with financial need, no matter what year of your program you're enrolled in, you may qualify for the Indigenous Student Bursary (ISB). To be eligible for the ISB, a student must self-identify as Indigenous in Canada.
Note: Students may choose to provide proof of status in Canada by means of Aboriginal status under the Constitution (i.e., status card or Métis registry, where applicable)
The ISB is a component of the Postsecondary Education Fund for Aboriginal Learners (PEFAL) that provides support to Indigenous learners with financial needs to assist with their participation in post-secondary education and training, either at an Ontario publicly-assisted college or university, or at any approved Indigenous Institute in Ontario.
Funding may also be available to you through your local band office, federal support programs or other sources.
Indigenous students who need help applying for OSAP or other funding can contact their First Nations Education Counsellor, the First Nations Centre at Fanshawe or the Financial Aid office.
Current and former Crown wards
Living and Learning Grant
Former Crown wards and other youth 21-24 years old who left the care of a Children's Aid Society may be eligible for a Living and Learning Grant. This grant provides additional funds above the regular full-time OSAP aid limits.
You're automatically considered for this grant when you submit an OSAP application for full-time students. Supporting documents may be required to confirm your eligibility. The required documents are outlined when you submit your application.
If you are a former Ontario Crown ward and you were adopted on or after August 1, 2013 you may also be eligible. Contact the Financial Aid office for details on the review process to be considered for this grant.
Students receiving social assistance
If you are on social assistance, you may qualify for additional financial support or benefits, depending on your personal situation, including your program of study, your family size and what funding programs support you.
Before you begin your studies, you need to:
report the amount of social assistance you receive on your OSAP application
let your caseworker know how much OSAP you receive.
No matter what OSAP funding or social assistance you receive, always stay in touch with your caseworker(s) - it's their job to help you determine the best course of action.
Ontario Disability Support Program (ODSP)
If you get financial support through the Ontario Disability Support Program (ODSP), you can also apply for OSAP.
OSAP is meant to help cover costs related to your education:
compulsory fees
child care (if applicable)
You can continue to get ODSP funding to help with living costs while receiving OSAP. ODSP also provides a 100% exemption on any income earned while you are enrolled in full-time post-secondary studies. Contact your caseworker for more information.
Ontario Works (OW)
If you get financial support through the Ontario Works program, you need to apply for OSAP to help cover both your education and living costs. Generally speaking:
If you're a single, full-time student getting OSAP: you are not eligible for OW support.
If you're married or a sole-support parent: you could be eligible for an OW top-up if the amount of money you get from OSAP (for living costs) is less than you would get through the OW program.
OW provides a 100% exemption on any income earned while you're enrolled in full-time post-secondary studies. Contact your caseworker for more information.
If you are the first in your family to go to college or university, you could be eligible for the Ontario First Generation Bursary.
Help! I still need more OSAP.
OSAP uses assessment standards to determine your financial need and the amount of Canada and Ontario Student loan assistance available to you. Sometimes, the standard criteria may not quite reflect your situation. Come talk to staff in the Financial Aid Office to learn more about OSAP reviews and required documentation. The deadline to submit a review is no later than 40 days before the end of your current study period.
FAQ: After applying
FAQ: Returning or continuing students
After you receive your OSAP
Financial Aid and Student Awards Office
London Campus, Room E2020
fad@fanshawec.ca
Try our Ask Fanshawe FAQ
Fanshawe Directory
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Sarasota & Southwestern Florida
Home » Blog » Why Do Rear-End Bus Accidents Happen in Sarasota?
Why Do Rear-End Bus Accidents Happen in Sarasota?
Rear-end accidents involving buses may be very dangerous for motorists in Sarasota, Bradenton, Venice, Englewood, Lakewood Ranch and Port Charlotte. Drivers and passengers in vehicles that are rear-ended by a bus will face significant risk of injury due to the large size of the commercial vehicle. When the bus is rear-ended by another motorist, bus passengers are also endangered, but motorists face the highest risks.
An experienced rear-end accident lawyer knows that bus drivers may rear-end vehicles in front of them for many reasons, including the fact that buses have a lot of momentum and can take a long time to stop. Since buses are such large objects on the road, it may seem hard to believe that a bus could be rear-ended by another vehicle. The reality, however, is that this happens all the time. The National Center for Transportation Research conducted a study of rear-end accidents involving buses in order to determine some of the factors that make it more likely a bus would be rear-ended.
Why are Buses Rear-Ended?
The National Center for Transportation Research found that 38.3 percent of bus collisions in its study period (2008 to 2012) were rear-end bus accidents. The highest number of rear-end collisions occurred in 2009, when 42.9 percent of bus crashes were rear-end accidents.
The research looked at some of the factors explaining why buses are rear-ended. These factors included:
The type of road and the location of the bus stop on the road. The majority of the rear-end accidents studied happened on six-lane divided state roads.
There were more rear-end accidents involving buses on these roads than on either two- or four-lane local or state roads. A big part of the reason why is bus stop placement. On most six-lane roads with right turning lanes, near-side bus stops are not possible. This means that far-side stops or mid-block stops are more likely to exist. These types of stops increase the risk of rear-end bus crashes.
Whether a bus stop is in a lane of traffic. When a bus stop is in a traffic lane, as opposed to a bus bay, it is much more likely that the bus will be rear-ended. The report described buses in mid-lane traffic stops as "sitting ducks" with nowhere to go when a motorist is behind and about to hit the vehicle.
The speed limit of surrounding vehicles. The majority of the bus crashes happened when drivers were going 30 MPH. The research revealed that faster speeds for surrounding drivers increased the likelihood of a bus being rear-ended.
The most common reasons for buses to be rear-ended were either failure to use due caution or failure to use due care. Driver distraction and alcohol or drug use were not as common in rear-end bus crashes as might be expected, with no driver distraction reported in 74.5 percent of the studied bus crashes and no drug use reported in 76.3 percent of the rear-end accidents. These numbers may be underestimated.
The bottom line is, the location of the bus stop can have a big impact in when a bus is likely to be rear-ended. Roads need to be designed to protect bus passengers from injury due to bus stops that are in dangerous locations.
Contact Farrow & Pulice, P.A. for help with your case. Call 1-866-408-1220.
Categories: Posts
Farrow & Pulice, PA
Farrow & Pulice, P.A.
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Farrow & Pulice, P.A. is located in Sarasota, Florida and serves clients in and around Laurel, Englewood, Nokomis, Venice, Sarasota, Osprey and Sarasota County.
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FE Invest awards ‘Buy’ ratings to Waverton European Dividend Growth, LF Miton US Opportunities and Man GLG Japan Core Alpha in latest Approved List review
Ten new funds have been given a ‘buy’ rating and four funds have been removed from the FE Invest Approved List of funds in the latest review. FE Invest rebalances its list of preferred funds twice a year.
by Corporate
MI Somerset Emerging Markets Dividend Growth and Royal London UK Equity Income among funds removed
LONDON, 29 APRIL 2019: Ten new funds have been given a ‘buy’ rating and four funds have been removed from the FE Invest Approved List of funds in the latest review. FE Invest rebalances its list of preferred funds twice a year.
Rob Gleeson, FE’s Head of Research said: “Since our last review back in September, the end of the year saw an incredible run of continued stock market gains finally come to an end with the UK market falling 20% from its peak. While this has helped return valuations to more attractive levels and has taken away the uncertainty of when a market correction might come, the threats and uncertainties facing the long-term outlook have not reduced. The Brexit saga rolls on, the Chinese-US trade war continues and there are growing indicators of a global slowdown.
“The question, as always, is what does the future hold for investors. Our fundamental beliefs have not altered, which is that diversification remains an investor’s best defence against the many potential headwinds on the horizon. The latest changes to our Approved List reflect the funds we believe are best at their respective strategies within each asset class - strategies being selected for their suitability in a wide range of scenarios, not just their short-term success.”
FE Invest Approved List – fund changes by sector
EUROPE EX UK
Waverton European Dividend Growth
UK ALL COMPANIES
Liontrust UK Growth
LF Miton US Opportunities
JPM Emerging Markets Income
MI Somerset Emerging Markets Dividend Growth
Janus Henderson Emerging Market Opportunities
STERLING HIGH YIELD
Baillie Gifford High Yield Bond
Lindsell Train Japanese Equity
Man GLG Japan Core Alpha
UK EQUITY INCOME
Trojan Income
Royal London UK Equity Income
Standard Life Investments UK Equity Income Unconstrained
TARGETED ABSOLUTE RETURN
Artemis US Absolute Return
Funds In
Waverton European Dividend Growth has been added because it doesn’t target a specific yield, believing that it can lead to a value trap. Instead, the central belief is that successful income investing over long periods is largely dependent on the ability of companies to deliver sustainable earnings growth that can both support and grow their dividends. Charles Younes, research manager comments: “This is not a high-yielding fund but makes up for it with capital growth. The portfolio is relatively concentrated at around 30 to 40 stocks, meaning stock selection is a key risk. It has a value tilt to complement other funds on the Approved List.”
The LF Miton US Opportunities fund typically holds between 35 to 45 positions and tends to be very different to the S&P 500. Charles Younes, research manager comments: “The allocation to small and mid-cap companies has typically been around 30% of the portfolio but can be much higher, and they have generally avoided large US tech names that are big constituents of the index.”
The Man GLG Japan Core Alpha fund takes a contrarian approach to Japanese equities. This means it builds a position in a company when its share price is becoming cheaper relative to other Japanese equities and reduces that same position when it gets more expensive. Charles Younes, research manager comments: “The team’s contrarian approach can be a tricky one to understand, since they effectively sell their winning stocks and buy back into the losers, often companies experiencing a lot of bad short-term publicity. However, this style has proved to be successful over the long term and highlights the managers’ ability to, on average, buy low and sell high.”
Funds Out
MI Somerset’s Emerging Markets Dividend Growth fund has been given a sell rating at this review. Younes explains: “This fund had a tough couple of years, having underperformed due to a deliberate decision to underweight Chinese technology, which was considered too high-risk. This approach should have come to the fore in 2018, during what was a difficult period for markets, but in fact we saw the fund lose far more than we would have expected. We are no longer convinced that the fund provides the exposure to emerging markets that we are looking for.
“The removal of Royal London’s UK Equity Income fund is purely down to the fact that although we still rate the fund manager highly, he has sadly been forced to take a prolonged leave of absence due to ill health and we do not have a high enough conviction in those managing the fund in his absence to maintain our buy rating.”
The Standard Life Investments UK Equity Income Unconstrained fund had previously been held due to the managers’ high conviction positions in the UK economy. As we have had significant overseas exposure in our portfolios, we saw this fund as a useful hedge should the UK experience a strong economic recovery or there was a favourable Brexit result. Younes explains: “Recently we have identified a style shift within the fund, which has seen the manager change his approach to stock selection, which we believe will impact the risk return profile of the fund.”
FE Invest Approved List Methodology
FE considers all funds available for sale in the UK for the Approved List. FE data and ratings are used to identify a shortlist of top-performing funds. A qualitative selection criteria is then applied to produce the final recommended list.
FE accepts no payment from any of the fund managers for their participation in the ratings or review process, or for their inclusion in the shortlist.
About FE
www.financialexpress.net
FE is a leading international provider of data and technology to the asset management and wealth management industries, with clients ranging from the world’s largest asset managers and banks to financial advisers and distributors. FE connects these groups to enable better informed investment decision making, providing data, documents, tools, research, ratings and model portfolios. In November 2018, FE joined forces with two fund data businesses based in Europe - fundinfo (Switzerland) and F2C (Luxembourg). This combination harnesses the complementary capabilities, reach and resource of each firm, increasing the breadth and depth of the client offering and positioning the firm for rapid international growth. FE employs c.600 people across UK, Switzerland, Luxembourg, India, Australia and other European and Asian centres.
Rebecca Warren or Henry Scroggs
T / +44 207 534 7620
E / rebecca.warren@financialexpress.net or henry.scroggs@financialexpress.net
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What's The Best Dog Movie Ever?
By David DiBenedetto
mbfmovie
My wife recently brought home Marley and Me because she's gone dog wild. (Wait till you hear about the local dog show.) I found the movie to be extremely average. But damn if the final scene didn't reduce me to a blubbering mess. But then, again, most dog movies do. Which brings us to a fine Hump Day Discussion: What's the best dog movie of all time?
I favor Where the Red Fern Grows, because I don't think a better dog flick exists. (And also because I still remember my older brother reading the book aloud to me when I was just a child, prompting me to dream that our mutt, Flapper, had a touch of coonhound in him.) Hard to compete with two redbones, Little Ann and Big Dan, tromping through the Ozarks with a young, aspiring coon hunter in tow.
Call of the Wild and White Fang, two movies based on classic Jack London novels, can't be left out of the discussion. Buck and White Fang do for Alaska and the Yukon what Little Ann and Big Dan did for the Ozarks.
I can hear you now, "What about Old Yeller? You stone-hearted lug!" It's a classic, no doubt. And if you can resist tears at the end of this one you might be from Planet Remulak.
And while it has nothing remotely to do with the outdoors, Best in Show is a stroke of movie-making genius.
Is one of these your favorite? Am I leaving the obvious winner out? Maybe Rin Tin Tin? You tell me. But please, don't mention Air Bud.
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FiOS versus cable: Perception, reality and money mix together
by Jim Barthold |
A shoestring, not fiber or coaxial cable, separates Verizon's FiOS and cable. Cable has always claimed it operates on a shoestring budget so the fact that Verizon has more money to build a network is why Verizon is picking apart cable's video base.
Whether because of its entrepreneurial heritage or its greed or its arrogance, the cable industry has always been seen as stingy when giving one ounce more of anything--technology, service or respect-without picking consumer pockets. Direct broadcast satellite took advantage of this cable tendency to grow and thrive in the United States by simply offering more television. Now it's what's letting FiOS, again, at its foundation only a better television service, grow and flourish.
Cable always had a tough time selling its position as the homeless waif traipsing along the information superhighway with a shopping cart full of voice, video and data bundles just because every cable bill goes up every year. As with satellite, the industry knew FiOS was coming, and just as with satellite, cable is now wringing its hands while wringing dollars out of existing plant.
"When you say the cable guys blew it (with satellite), maybe so, but until they were threatened I don't think they could have gotten the money (to upgrade plant)," said Steve Effros, president of Effros Communications. "That's a realistic part of the problem that we always have."
Effros, one of the few cable industry voices willing to talk on the record about FiOS, was president of CATA, the Cable Telecommunications Association, representing small-to-mid-sized cable operators when satellite cut inroads into cable's suburban bastions. Today, CATA is merged with the National Cable Telecommunications Association (NCTA) and Effros is an industry observer and NCTA senior advisor. He's also a Verizon FiOS subscriber because he's a techie who likes to try whatever's new, even if it competes with his first love.
FiOS, he said, "is very nice but it's cable television. I love it, but at the end of the day how do you afford to do what they're doing?" Effros asked. "Telephone companies have more money than anybody else so they have a good head start. Nobody else could do it the way they're doing it because no bank would loan it to you."
He's got a point, said Vince Vittore, principal analyst for The Yankee Group.
"It's problematic from a financial standpoint. Verizon was skewered on Wall Street ... when they announced FiOS. Can you imagine what's going to happen when the cable industry comes out and says it wants to spend billions of dollars after it spent billions to upgrade its systems (to hybrid fiber/coax)? I think they're going to do it but they're going to do it in a more selective way."
A cable industry executive, speaking on background, agreed that cable will, indeed, do something to match the bandwidth Verizon's pouring into consumer homes "in a surgical manner, but we're many, many years from seeing service demand that's going to warrant any types of future stuff that's many orders of magnitude higher than what demand is today."
For now cable is doing what it can with what it has to deliver more bandwidth; adding switched digital to its networks; bonding channels with DOCSIS 3.0 and evolving to MPEG-4 compression. For now, it's probably enough. For tomorrow ...
This article is continued...
Jim Barthold
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Wonderful, another SB appearance by Belichick & Brady.
I think the entire free world just became Rams fans...
nacho said:
Fuck no. Brady better destroy Goff, Peters and Talib. Better chance he’ll retire after he gets his 6th infinity stone to hold over the Steelers.
Wow, the Saints got jobbed, and the Chiefs looks like they were replaced with the sisters from Our Lady of Perpetual Sorrow.
WTF Mattel (KC)?!
Mahomes has been over amped for the first quarter or two in every night game this season. Kid is 23 and far exceeded ever expectation. Only delusional people believed this game would be different.
But yeah, hope those New Orleans refs hired the Secret Service to escort them to the airport.
Yeah we pretty much got robbed .
But we also had a lot of chances to win and the better team prevailed.
Pickelhaube said:
I was screaming at the tv at the live shot. I mean, how do you miss that? That would have been pass interference in the 1940’s.
Lol, not that I ever watch the NFL except for nights like this and beyond anymore, but wow, not a great day at all for the officials.
Not only was it the most blatant PI call in the world, but it was also helmet-to-helmet on a defenseless receiver. As the ball whizzed by, the receiver's feet were above his head. A blind chimp would have made that call. If that side judge isn't disciplined or fired, I'll be stunned.
Yeah that no call was ridiculous, though hard to say what the final score would have been even with the call. Was a pretty good game otherwise, entertainment value wise.
The Pats/KC game was entertaining too.. in the 2nd half.. I imagine it could have been a lot different if NE had scored on that drive instead of tossing an INT. 21-0 feels a lot different coming out in the 2nd half. Likewise, if KC had scored just once in the first half (What was it, 60 yards of total offense?) I think they'd have won the game.
Though when all is said and done, KC did just fine, Mahomes only lost because he didn't get the ball in OT. The Patriots/Tom Brady is the GOAT. Their scheme is perfect, and they make due with so many different players, and still succeed. Edelman is solid. Gronk is barely a shell of his former self.. and they have a run game again.
I hope hope hope the Rams win, as the only thing better than the Pats missing the superb owl is them losing it and having to watch sad Brady face. But looking at the game yesterday, I imagine they'll win it all again. Hopefully riding off into the sunset as 1 big group and leaving the AFC alone for a while.
The true GOAT
https://www.windowscentral.com/surface-survives-bill-belichick-temper-tantrum-just-its-designed-do
Romodamus was on another level last night too. KC should have been listening to the broadcast.
Like.. I hate them.. but I can't argue that'd I'd want my team to do it any differently.
NSA said:
Yeah that no call was ridiculous, though hard to say what the final score would have been even with the call.
I could buy that argument if the missed call was earlier in the game. You take your lumps, roll with it, and deal with bad calls as part of the game. The refs are human. But if they make that call (hell, either of the fouls on that play), the Saints have a 1st down, and the Rams have only a single time-out. The Saints could run the clock down to less than 10-sec and try a field goal from inside the 10 yard line. Not a guarantee, but the next best thing.
Sure, we absolutely don't know what would happen from that point on, but I suspect if the call is made, the computers would give NO a 95% or more chance of winning. Without it, their chances are probably only 60% or something like that. While they clearly made mistakes and had other chances to win, a mistake of that magnitude by the refs at that point in the game is beyond massive. It took a near-sure-thing and put it very much still in question. That late in a conf championship game with the SB berth on the line is inexcusable.
pcsguy88 said:
Really, it's "delusional" to expect the #1 offense in the league to put up more than 50 yards in the first half of the game (at home)? I know it's rough being a young QB facing Darth Hoodie. Better teams than KC have had trouble with them over the years. I suspect Goff will struggle mightily in the SB as well in the same situation. But I don't think it's insane to expect the offense to do something besides shit the bed for the first 75% of the game, especially since KC has seen this team already this year. I didn't think they'd put up half-a-hundred on Bill, but I didn't expect them to play like they were from the vocational school for the blind.
Ha, it's true!
Look, no fronting, Brady probably is the GOAT. Even with his empty balls. It's just fatiguing seeing that fucking team EVERY post season.
As much as I don't really care about football much at all these days (didn't watch a minute of football this season before yesterday), it really is something to watch a team that is so good at it simply buckle in and go to work and just plow their way to a meaningful win... again... There's something exciting about watching the best do exactly what they do best. I used to absolutely hate Belichick, Brady and company, but man, I've come around to at least respect what it takes to do that again and again and again, especially as they have gotten older.
Then you have not watched the Chiefs this year. The only big game Patty did not take a quarter or two to get going was against the Colts the week before. His performance in that game was the big surprise. It was only the lesser games in daylight that the Chiefs came out of the gates and bolted to a big lead.
ThunderDan19 said:
Like watching the US military roll thru an objective with combined arms. Brutally efficient with excellent intel and strategy.
Likes: NSA and ThunderDan19
Perfect analogy. Got my heart pumping just watching it play out (usually reserved for hockey).
KC stayed in it with the big plays, NE just kept grinding the downs.. time of possession.. 44 minutes to 20! 36 first downs for NE, 18 for KC.
KC scores big and scores fast, and I bet if the Pats changed their game plan and tried to go for big shots, they would have lost. They kept it up and slowly and methodically progressed.
KC vs Rams was just them both going big and fast back and forth.. much more entertaining.. but I imagine Rams vs Pats will be a lot like the game last night.
I thought last night would be decided by who screwed up, but the Pats screwed up twice, KC just couldn't get it going early.
Also, giving up 3 3rd and 10s in OT/final drive is not gonna get you to the superb owl.
It's absolutely possible to respect what B&B have accomplished, while simultaneously hating their guts and wishing for them to lose. I do it every year in the NFL with the Pats, in college ball with Alabama, in NASCAR with Kyle Busch, and Formula 1 with Lewis Hamilton. The world is full of assholes who are good at their jobs and achieve tremendous success.
That being said, I'm still gonna cheer for anybody they're up against.
Nah, I get it. I always root against the Penguins for that reason. In the not too distant past, many of them were d-bags. As long as the main ones remain, I'll always dislike that team, and enjoy any time they fail.
I used to feel similarly to that for NE, though not as strongly, as I never really had any skin in the football game. Somewhere along the way, I just turned to admiring what they accomplish for what it is.
I forgot they don't even have Josh Gordon. Man what a screw up he was.. coulda been in the Superb Owl!
You know, I completely missed that. I was on vacation when that went down (not checking news, headlines, or anything for that matter), and it never dawned on me that he was missing.
Dee Ford has to be hurting today knowing that the game was over had he been set 6” further back. Crazy how close the game was at the end.
That's right.. they would have gotten the 3rd INT and sealed the game, no?
Yeah. Could have kneeled and packed for the big game. Glad I’m not Dee’s dog last night.
I just hope he didn't get into any elevators with his g/f, lest you sit around all summer waiting for the TMZ video to drop.
I’m not sure we’ll resign Dee this year which sucks. We have to re-sign Hill and Jones this year and then Mahomes next offseason, so money will be tight. Time to find out who wants to take a pay cut in order to play with best young QB in the league and compete for yearly SBs.
I think that's the beauty of Brady.. he always took paycuts and was never the highest paid.. clearly he doesn't need to with Gisele.. but in reality none of the top QBs NEED 200 million vs 150 million or whatever. But Brady always made sure they could field a good team. The fact that they turned other teams crap into Superb Owl stars is.. well I guess that's on Belichick?
Farewell Bob Sutton
Wow, fans seem to hate him a lot. I always thought Sutton was a pretty good DC. I'm sure they're frustrated about the OT drive, but if every coordinator that couldn't stop Brady got fired, every DC in the league would turn over annually. It's not like they have any talent on defense. One or two good pass rushers, and a talented safety that can't stay on the field. They traded away his only corner. Seems like a scapegoat to me.
Fire Sutton has been flown over the stadium for years. It’s the fan’s go to every loss since year two of him being here.
Doesn't seem all that justified though. It's not like Buddy Ryan's animated corpse could have done much more with the dearth of talent KC has on that side of the ball.
I agree with you during the Alex Smith years, but it became blatantly obvious he was failing this year. The offense averaged 40.3pts this year in their losses. You should not lose if you score 40.3 points. I don’t care either way because I’m a fan [BGCOLOR=transparent]not a coach, but I can no longer rationally defend Sutton if he can’t hold teams under 40pts.[/BGCOLOR]
Yeah, they had a pretty bad defense this year, almost let the Raiders win a game!
He needs a handle on his back like my dog has.
iPad SpyPad!
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Clinical Genitourinary Cancer
Clinical Genitourinary Cancer is a peer-reviewed journal that publishes original articles describing various aspects of clinical and translational research in genitourinary cancers. Clinical Genitourinary Cancer is devoted to articles on detection, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of genitourinary cancers. The main emphasis is on recent scientific developments in all areas related to genitourinary malignancies. Specific areas of interest include clinical research and mechanistic approaches; drug sensitivity and resistance; gene and antisense therapy; pathology, markers, and prognostic indicators; chemoprevention strategies; multimodality therapy; and integration of various approaches.
• Types of papers
• Contact details for submission
• Submission checklist
• Ethics in publishing
• Editorial Policies and Practices
• Declaration of interest
• Submission declaration and verification
• Use of inclusive language
• Author contributions
• Authorship
• Changes to authorship
• Copyright
• Role of the funding source
• Open access
• Submission
• Review Process
• Manuscript Format
• Article structure
• Essential title page information
• Highlights
• Abstract
• Tables
• References
• Data visualization
• Supplementary material
• Research data
• Acceptance and Online Only Publication
• Online proof correction
• Offprints
AUTHOR INQUIRIES
Clinical Genitourinary Cancer is a peer-reviewed journal that publishes original articles describing various aspects of clinical and translational research in genitourinary cancers. Clinical Genitourinary Cancer is devoted to articles on detection, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of genitourinary cancers. The main emphasis is on recent clinical and translational developments in all areas related to genitourinary malignancies. Our Editorial Team aims at quick turnaround in review, decision-making, and publication (initial submission to online publication within 6 weeks).
Review and Mini-Review: Review articles collate, describe, and evaluate prior publications of important clinical subjects, accompanied by critical analysis leading to rational and clinically valuable conclusions. Reviews should contain very little, if any, original data from an author's own study; however, such data can be used to support the overall thesis of the article. Authors are encouraged to contact and propose review topics to the Editor-in-Chief prior to the submission. Mini-review covers exciting imminent topics or emerging transformative therapies.
Mechanics: Review articles contain a short abstract (≤ 200 words) stating the goal of the review, followed by sections of an introduction, subtitled breakdown discussions, and a conclusion. Review articles contain ≤ 4,000 words (≤ 2,000 for mini-review), ≤ 8 figures and/or tables (≤ 3 for mini-review), and ≤ 120 references (≤ 60 for mini-review).
Perspective: Perspective articles are more focused and forward thinking than reviews. It seeks for new ideas or concepts that present particular views or opinions. Specifically, it identifies outstanding findings, issues, or challenges that concern emerging sciences, controversial opinions, or issues within the field; and proposes novel, transformative hypotheses or directions that inspire discussions.
Mechanics: Perspective articles should contain a short abstract (≤ 200 words ) stating the goal of the perspective, followed by sections of an introduction, subtitled breakdown discussions, and a conclusion. Perspective articles contain ≤ 3,000 words, ≤ 6 figures and/or tables, and ≤ 100 references.
Original Study: Original Study articles present results of original clinical and/or translational (basic research with clinical applications) research. These articles present new data collected by the author(s) on early phase clinical trials, biomarkers discovery and validation, and preclinical studies. It can also be a comprehensive meta-analysis of large contemporary trials, offering informative clinical practice conclusions.
Mechanics: Original Study should contain a structured abstract with brief sections of Introduction, Patients and Methods, Results, and Conclusions (≤ 300 words); followed by sections of detailed Introduction, Patients and Methods, Results, and Conclusions. Original Study articles contain ≤ 4,000 words, ≤ 8 figures and/or tables, and ≤ 80 references.
Case Series: Series should include ≥ 3 patients and draw attention to important clinical situations of a central theme, unusual clinical phenomena, new treatment protocols, or new complications in a small number of patients. Case Series may also cover novel diagnostic technologies.
Mechanics: Case Series should contain the following sections: Abstract, Introduction, Results, and Discussions. Case Series ≤ 3,000 words, ≤ 4 figures and/or tables, and ≤ 50 references.
All original reports, including study and case series, should include ~3 bullet points on their key take home messages for readers on the title page.
All articles include sections of Acknowledgements and Disclosure before References (if applicable).
Contact details for submission
If you have questions regarding any of the requirements for submitting a manuscript to the Journal, please contact the editorial office at clgc@elsevier.com.
You can use this list to carry out a final check of your submission before you send it to the journal for review. Please check the relevant section in this Guide for Authors for more details.
Ensure that the following items are present:
One author has been designated as the corresponding author with contact details:
• E-mail address
• Full postal address
All necessary files have been uploaded:
• Include keywords
• All figures (include relevant captions)
• All tables (including titles, description, footnotes)
• Ensure all figure and table citations in the text match the files provided
• Indicate clearly if color should be used for any figures in print
Graphical Abstracts / Highlights files (where applicable)
Supplemental files (where applicable)
• Manuscript has been 'spell checked' and 'grammar checked'
• All references mentioned in the Reference List are cited in the text, and vice versa
• Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted material from other sources (including the Internet)
• Relevant declarations of interest have been made
• Journal policies detailed in this guide have been reviewed
• Minimum of 3 suggested reviewers, with institutional affiliations, and email addresses
For further information, visit our Support Center.
Ethics in publishing
Please see our information pages on Ethics in publishing and Ethical guidelines for journal publication.
Editorial Policies and Practices
Human Subject Studies: It is the responsibility of the authors to assure that all clinical investigations detailed in manuscripts submitted to the journal are conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and to document that these studies have been approved by the appropriate institutional human research committee. Identifying information within written descriptions, photographs or pedigrees should not be published. If such information is included as essential scientific information, the authors must submit written consent of patient or guardian to publish such photographs in the print and electronic versions of the journal.
Animal Studies: It is the responsibility of the authors to assure that their experimental procedures are in compliance with the guiding principles in the "Care and Use of Animals" (published each month in the Information for Authors of the American Journal of Physiology or available online at http://www.nap.edu/books/0309053773/html/) and to document that these studies were approved by the appropriate institutional animal care and oversight committee.
Declaration of interest
All authors must disclose any financial and personal relationships with other people or organizations that could inappropriately influence (bias) their work. Examples of potential competing interests include employment, consultancies, stock ownership, honoraria, paid expert testimony, patent applications/registrations, and grants or other funding. Authors must disclose any interests in two places: 1. A summary declaration of interest statement in the title page file (if double-blind) or the manuscript file (if single-blind). If there are no interests to declare then please state this: 'Declarations of interest: none'. This summary statement will be ultimately published if the article is accepted. 2. Detailed disclosures as part of a separate Declaration of Interest form, which forms part of the journal's official records. It is important for potential interests to be declared in both places and that the information matches. More information.
Financial interests should be disclosed to the Editor-in-Chief in the cover letter and on a separate conflict of interest page in the manuscript.
Submission declaration and verification
Submission of an article implies that the work described has not been published previously (except in the form of an abstract, a published lecture or academic thesis, see 'Multiple, redundant or concurrent publication' for more information), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that its publication is approved by all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was carried out, and that, if accepted, it will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any other language, including electronically without the written consent of the copyright-holder. To verify originality, your article may be checked by the originality detection service Crossref Similarity Check.
Please note that preprints can be shared anywhere at any time, in line with Elsevier's sharing policy. Sharing your preprints e.g. on a preprint server will not count as prior publication (see 'Multiple, redundant or concurrent publication' for more information).
Use of inclusive language
Inclusive language acknowledges diversity, conveys respect to all people, is sensitive to differences, and promotes equal opportunities. Articles should make no assumptions about the beliefs or commitments of any reader, should contain nothing which might imply that one individual is superior to another on the grounds of race, sex, culture or any other characteristic, and should use inclusive language throughout. Authors should ensure that writing is free from bias, for instance by using 'he or she', 'his/her' instead of 'he' or 'his', and by making use of job titles that are free of stereotyping (e.g. 'chairperson' instead of 'chairman' and 'flight attendant' instead of 'stewardess').
For transparency, we encourage authors to submit an author statement file outlining their individual contributions to the paper using the relevant CRediT roles: Conceptualization; Data curation; Formal analysis; Funding acquisition; Investigation; Methodology; Project administration; Resources; Software; Supervision; Validation; Visualization; Roles/Writing - original draft; Writing - review & editing. Authorship statements should be formatted with the names of authors first and CRediT role(s) following. More details and an example
All authors should have made substantial contributions to all of the following: (1) the conception and design of the study, or acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data, (2) drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content, (3) final approval of the version to be submitted.
Changes to authorship
Authors are expected to consider carefully the list and order of authors before submitting their manuscript and provide the definitive list of authors at the time of the original submission. Any addition, deletion or rearrangement of author names in the authorship list should be made only before the manuscript has been accepted and only if approved by the journal Editor. To request such a change, the Editor must receive the following from the corresponding author: (a) the reason for the change in author list and (b) written confirmation (e-mail, letter) from all authors that they agree with the addition, removal or rearrangement. In the case of addition or removal of authors, this includes confirmation from the author being added or removed.
Only in exceptional circumstances will the Editor consider the addition, deletion or rearrangement of authors after the manuscript has been accepted. While the Editor considers the request, publication of the manuscript will be suspended. If the manuscript has already been published in an online issue, any requests approved by the Editor will result in a corrigendum.
Upon acceptance of an article, authors will be asked to complete a 'Journal Publishing Agreement' (see more information on this). An e-mail will be sent to the corresponding author confirming receipt of the manuscript together with a 'Journal Publishing Agreement' form or a link to the online version of this agreement.
Subscribers may reproduce tables of contents or prepare lists of articles including abstracts for internal circulation within their institutions. Permission of the Publisher is required for resale or distribution outside the institution and for all other derivative works, including compilations and translations. If excerpts from other copyrighted works are included, the author(s) must obtain written permission from the copyright owners and credit the source(s) in the article. Elsevier has preprinted forms for use by authors in these cases.
For gold open access articles: Upon acceptance of an article, authors will be asked to complete an 'Exclusive License Agreement' (more information). Permitted third party reuse of gold open access articles is determined by the author's choice of user license.
As an author you (or your employer or institution) have certain rights to reuse your work. More information.
Elsevier supports responsible sharing
Find out how you can share your research published in Elsevier journals.
Role of the funding source
You are requested to identify who provided financial support for the conduct of the research and/or preparation of the article and to briefly describe the role of the sponsor(s), if any, in study design; in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the article for publication. If the funding source(s) had no such involvement then this should be stated.
Please visit our Open Access page from the Journal Homepage for more information.
Elsevier Researcher Academy
Researcher Academy is a free e-learning platform designed to support early and mid-career researchers throughout their research journey. The "Learn" environment at Researcher Academy offers several interactive modules, webinars, downloadable guides and resources to guide you through the process of writing for research and going through peer review. Feel free to use these free resources to improve your submission and navigate the publication process with ease.
Language (usage and editing services)
Please write your text in good English (American or British usage is accepted, but not a mixture of these). Authors who feel their English language manuscript may require editing to eliminate possible grammatical or spelling errors and to conform to correct scientific English may wish to use the English Language Editing service available from Elsevier's Author Services.
Our online submission system guides you stepwise through the process of entering your article details and uploading your files. The system converts your article files to a single PDF file used in the peer-review process. Editable files (e.g., Word, LaTeX) are required to typeset your article for final publication. All correspondence, including notification of the Editor's decision and requests for revision, is sent by e-mail.
Please submit your article via http://www.ees.elsevier.com/cguc/
Full instructions for online submission are available on the Elsevier EES submission site. Upon receipt of a manuscript, an e-mail message will be sent to the corresponding author confirming receipt of the paper. If you do not receive this confirmation within 48 hours, contact the editorial office (clgc@elsevier.com) to confirm receipt.
Each submitted manuscript is required to include at least three suggested reviewers, with affiliations, and email addresses. Authors should consider carefully their suggested reviewers. Suggested reviewers should not have a conflict of interest for the submitted manuscript, nor have substantial ties to the authors of the manuscript. Email addresses must be from the suggested reviewer's institutional affiliation, not a non-specific, generic email address. Suggested reviewers should have expertise in the subject matter of the submitted manuscript. For more details, visit our Support site. Note that the editor retains the sole right to decide whether or not the suggested reviewers are used.
The Editorial team may triage a manuscript via initial review by the editorial staff, including the Editor and at least one Associate Editor, to ensure the paper meets certain criteria. Reasons for triage may include:
insufficient direct relevance to the scope of the Journal,
inadequate or unethical methodology,
inadequate statistical power or assessment,
insufficient innovation or contribution to the advancement of the field.
All other manuscripts will undergo the full peer review process, being referred to an Associate Editor, who will identify reviewers with the expertise to review the paper. At each Associate Editor's discretion, any manuscript may be referred specifically for statistical review relating to the appropriateness or otherwise of statistics used, adjustment for multiple comparisons, sample size issues and the like. Manuscripts with inadequate or inappropriate statistics will not be accepted. Authors are encouraged to suggest names of appropriate reviewers (include phone/fax/address/e-mail for each reviewer suggested) and may also request that a specific reviewer not be used.
Authors will receive a full response on their manuscript detailing any changes required by the Reviewers and Editorial team and the decision about the acceptance or otherwise of the manuscript. Only authors listed on the manuscript may receive information about a manuscript.
Authors who wish to object to an unfavorable decision must do so within two months of notification of a decision. Please note all communications must be addressed to the editorial office via email (clgc@elsevier.com). Any materials or communications sent to the Editor or Associate Editors will incur delays because they will be forwarded to the central Editorial Office for handling.
We wish to emphasize the importance of clarity and succinctness of the presentation of material:
Please respect the relevance of all material to the Introduction, Methods, Results and Discussion and avoid unnecessary repetition.
Do not repeat the results and conclusions in the Introduction.
Conclusions should NOT be stated throughout the Results section.
Results should not be restated throughout the Discussion section.
Avoid simply restating the Results in the Discussion rather than explaining how each result advances the overall conclusions of the study.
The final part of the Discussion should refer back to the rationale for the study and explain how the findings have advanced the area.
We strongly recommend authors employ the format and guidelines detailed below.
Abbreviations and Nomenclature: Abbreviations and nomenclature should follow the recommendations of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry and the International Union of Biochemistry [see http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iupac/jcbn/]. The International system of Units (SI units) is recommended. It is desirable to include appropriate conversion factors to aid the reader.
Title Page, Conflict of Interest Page, MicroAbstract (Original Studies), Abstract, Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion, Conclusion, Clinical Practice Points, Acknowledgments, References, Tables, Figures. (Number ALL pages consecutively)
Use of word processing software
It is important that the file be saved in the native format of the word processor used. The text should be in single-column format. Keep the layout of the text as simple as possible. Most formatting codes will be removed and replaced on processing the article. In particular, do not use the word processor's options to justify text or to hyphenate words. However, do use bold face, italics, subscripts, superscripts etc. When preparing tables, if you are using a table grid, use only one grid for each individual table and not a grid for each row. If no grid is used, use tabs, not spaces, to align columns. The electronic text should be prepared in a way very similar to that of conventional manuscripts (see also the Guide to Publishing with Elsevier). Note that source files of figures, tables and text graphics will be required whether or not you embed your figures in the text. See also the section on Electronic artwork.
To avoid unnecessary errors you are strongly advised to use the 'spell-check' and 'grammar-check' functions of your word processor.
Article structure
Subdivision - unnumbered sections
Divide your article into clearly defined sections. Each subsection is given a brief heading. Each heading should appear on its own separate line. Subsections should be used as much as possible when cross-referencing text: refer to the subsection by heading as opposed to simply 'the text'.
State the objectives of the work and provide an adequate background, avoiding a detailed literature survey or a summary of the results.
Provide sufficient details to allow the work to be reproduced by an independent researcher. Methods that are already published should be summarized, and indicated by a reference. If quoting directly from a previously published method, use quotation marks and also cite the source. Any modifications to existing methods should also be described.
Results should be clear and concise.
This should explore the significance of the results of the work, not repeat them. A combined Results and Discussion section is often appropriate. Avoid extensive citations and discussion of published literature.
The main conclusions of the study may be presented in a short Conclusions section, which may stand alone or form a subsection of a Discussion or Results and Discussion section.
If there is more than one appendix, they should be identified as A, B, etc. Formulae and equations in appendices should be given separate numbering: Eq. (A.1), Eq. (A.2), etc.; in a subsequent appendix, Eq. (B.1) and so on. Similarly for tables and figures: Table A.1; Fig. A.1, etc.
Essential title page information
• Title. Concise and informative. Titles are often used in information-retrieval systems. Avoid abbreviations and formulae where possible.
• Author names and affiliations. Please clearly indicate the given name(s) and family name(s) of each author and check that all names are accurately spelled. You can add your name between parentheses in your own script behind the English transliteration. Present the authors' affiliation addresses (where the actual work was done) below the names. Indicate all affiliations with a lower-case superscript letter immediately after the author's name and in front of the appropriate address. Provide the full postal address of each affiliation, including the country name and, if available, the e-mail address of each author.
• Corresponding author. Clearly indicate who will handle correspondence at all stages of refereeing and publication, also post-publication. This responsibility includes answering any future queries about Methodology and Materials. Ensure that the e-mail address is given and that contact details are kept up to date by the corresponding author.
• Present/permanent address. If an author has moved since the work described in the article was done, or was visiting at the time, a 'Present address' (or 'Permanent address') may be indicated as a footnote to that author's name. The address at which the author actually did the work must be retained as the main, affiliation address. Superscript Arabic numerals are used for such footnotes.
Highlights are optional yet highly encouraged for this journal, as they increase the discoverability of your article via search engines. They consist of a short collection of bullet points that capture the novel results of your research as well as new methods that were used during the study (if any). Please have a look at the examples here: example Highlights.
Highlights should be submitted in a separate editable file in the online submission system. Please use 'Highlights' in the file name and include 3 to 5 bullet points (maximum 85 characters, including spaces, per bullet point).
The entire Abstract should not be more than 250 words. The abstract should be self-explanatory without reference to the text. Original Contributions should include a structured abstract with the following sections: Introduction/Background, Materials (or Patients) and Methods, Results, Conclusion.
MicroAbstract (Original Studies)
Each manuscript should start its abstract with a microabstract limited to 3-4 sentences (60 words). The microabstract is not included as part of the structured abstract and will be excerpted in the Table of Contents to each issue. It may also be used for wider circulation. It should describe the:
Area and reason for the study
Approach taken including sample size aspects
Overall result
General significance of the findings
All information should be accessible to a non-expert audience.
Clinical Practice Points (Original Studies, Case Reports)
Authors should complete a short summary (250 words or less) detailing the clinical importance of the study. The summary should address the following questions:
• What is already known about this subject?
• What are the new findings?
• How might it impact on clinical practice in the foreseeable future?
Although a graphical abstract is optional, its use is encouraged as it draws more attention to the online article. The graphical abstract should summarize the contents of the article in a concise, pictorial form designed to capture the attention of a wide readership. Graphical abstracts should be submitted as a separate file in the online submission system. Image size: Please provide an image with a minimum of 531 × 1328 pixels (h × w) or proportionally more. The image should be readable at a size of 5 × 13 cm using a regular screen resolution of 96 dpi. Preferred file types: TIFF, EPS, PDF or MS Office files. You can view Example Graphical Abstracts on our information site.
Authors can make use of Elsevier's Illustration Services to ensure the best presentation of their images and in accordance with all technical requirements.
Five keywords should be listed at the bottom of the abstract page. Words used in the title of the article or journal title may not be used as keywords.
Define abbreviations that are not standard in this field in a footnote to be placed on the first page of the article. Such abbreviations that are unavoidable in the abstract must be defined at their first mention there, as well as in the footnote. Ensure consistency of abbreviations throughout the article.
Abbreviations should follow the recommendations of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry and the International Union of Biochemistry [see http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iupac/jcbn/].
Collate acknowledgements in a separate section at the end of the article before the references and do not, therefore, include them on the title page, as a footnote to the title or otherwise. List here those individuals who provided help during the research (e.g., providing language help, writing assistance or proof reading the article, etc.).
Formatting of funding sources
List funding sources in this standard way to facilitate compliance to funder's requirements:
Funding: This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health [grant numbers xxxx, yyyy]; the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA [grant number zzzz]; and the United States Institutes of Peace [grant number aaaa].
It is not necessary to include detailed descriptions on the program or type of grants and awards. When funding is from a block grant or other resources available to a university, college, or other research institution, submit the name of the institute or organization that provided the funding.
If no funding has been provided for the research, please include the following sentence:
This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
Follow internationally accepted rules and conventions: use the international system of units (SI). If other units are mentioned, please give their equivalent in SI.
Math formulae
Please submit math equations as editable text and not as images. Present simple formulae in line with normal text where possible and use the solidus (/) instead of a horizontal line for small fractional terms, e.g., X/Y. In principle, variables are to be presented in italics. Powers of e are often more conveniently denoted by exp. Number consecutively any equations that have to be displayed separately from the text (if referred to explicitly in the text).
Footnotes should be used sparingly. Number them consecutively throughout the article. Many word processors can build footnotes into the text, and this feature may be used. Otherwise, please indicate the position of footnotes in the text and list the footnotes themselves separately at the end of the article. Do not include footnotes in the Reference list.
Electronic artwork
General points
• Make sure you use uniform lettering and sizing of your original artwork.
• Embed the used fonts if the application provides that option.
• Aim to use the following fonts in your illustrations: Arial, Courier, Times New Roman, Symbol, or use fonts that look similar.
• Number the illustrations according to their sequence in the text.
• Use a logical naming convention for your artwork files.
• Provide captions to illustrations separately.
• Size the illustrations close to the desired dimensions of the published version.
• Submit each illustration as a separate file.
• Ensure that color images are accessible to all, including those with impaired color vision.
A detailed guide on electronic artwork is available.
You are urged to visit this site; some excerpts from the detailed information are given here.
If your electronic artwork is created in a Microsoft Office application (Word, PowerPoint, Excel) then please supply 'as is' in the native document format.
Regardless of the application used other than Microsoft Office, when your electronic artwork is finalized, please 'Save as' or convert the images to one of the following formats (note the resolution requirements for line drawings, halftones, and line/halftone combinations given below):
EPS (or PDF): Vector drawings, embed all used fonts.
TIFF (or JPEG): Color or grayscale photographs (halftones), keep to a minimum of 300 dpi.
TIFF (or JPEG): Bitmapped (pure black & white pixels) line drawings, keep to a minimum of 1000 dpi.
TIFF (or JPEG): Combinations bitmapped line/half-tone (color or grayscale), keep to a minimum of 500 dpi.
• Supply files that are optimized for screen use (e.g., GIF, BMP, PICT, WPG); these typically have a low number of pixels and limited set of colors;
• Supply files that are too low in resolution;
• Submit graphics that are disproportionately large for the content.
Color artwork
Please make sure that artwork files are in an acceptable format (TIFF (or JPEG), EPS (or PDF) or MS Office files) and with the correct resolution. If, together with your accepted article, you submit usable color figures then Elsevier will ensure, at no additional charge, that these figures will appear in color online (e.g., ScienceDirect and other sites) in addition to color reproduction in print. Further information on the preparation of electronic artwork.
Elsevier's Author Services offers Illustration Services to authors preparing to submit a manuscript but concerned about the quality of the images accompanying their article. Elsevier's expert illustrators can produce scientific, technical and medical-style images, as well as a full range of charts, tables and graphs. Image 'polishing' is also available, where our illustrators take your image(s) and improve them to a professional standard. Please visit the website to find out more.
Please use small non-bold, non-italic capital letters and place them in Arial font when using figure headings/labels. Authors who would like to test their figures for publication quality should use Digital Expert: http://dx.sheridan.com/.
Figure captions
Ensure that each illustration has a caption. Supply captions separately, not attached to the figure. A caption should comprise a brief title (not on the figure itself) and a description of the illustration. Keep text in the illustrations themselves to a minimum but explain all symbols and abbreviations used.
Please submit tables as editable text and not as images. Tables can be placed either next to the relevant text in the article, or on separate page(s) at the end. Number tables consecutively in accordance with their appearance in the text and place any table notes below the table body. Be sparing in the use of tables and ensure that the data presented in them do not duplicate results described elsewhere in the article. Please avoid using vertical rules and shading in table cells.
Citation in text
Please ensure that every reference cited in the text is also present in the reference list (and vice versa). Any references cited in the abstract must be given in full. Unpublished results and personal communications are not recommended in the reference list, but may be mentioned in the text. If these references are included in the reference list they should follow the standard reference style of the journal and should include a substitution of the publication date with either 'Unpublished results' or 'Personal communication'. Citation of a reference as 'in press' implies that the item has been accepted for publication.
Increased discoverability of research and high quality peer review are ensured by online links to the sources cited. In order to allow us to create links to abstracting and indexing services, such as Scopus, CrossRef and PubMed, please ensure that data provided in the references are correct. Please note that incorrect surnames, journal/book titles, publication year and pagination may prevent link creation. When copying references, please be careful as they may already contain errors. Use of the DOI is highly encouraged.
A DOI is guaranteed never to change, so you can use it as a permanent link to any electronic article. An example of a citation using DOI for an article not yet in an issue is: VanDecar J.C., Russo R.M., James D.E., Ambeh W.B., Franke M. (2003). Aseismic continuation of the Lesser Antilles slab beneath northeastern Venezuela. Journal of Geophysical Research, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000884. Please note the format of such citations should be in the same style as all other references in the paper.
As a minimum, the full URL should be given and the date when the reference was last accessed. Any further information, if known (DOI, author names, dates, reference to a source publication, etc.), should also be given. Web references can be listed separately (e.g., after the reference list) under a different heading if desired, or can be included in the reference list.
Data references
This journal encourages you to cite underlying or relevant datasets in your manuscript by citing them in your text and including a data reference in your Reference List. Data references should include the following elements: author name(s), dataset title, data repository, version (where available), year, and global persistent identifier. Add [dataset] immediately before the reference so we can properly identify it as a data reference. The [dataset] identifier will not appear in your published article.
References in a special issue
Please ensure that the words 'this issue' are added to any references in the list (and any citations in the text) to other articles in the same Special Issue.
Most Elsevier journals have their reference template available in many of the most popular reference management software products. These include all products that support Citation Style Language styles, such as Mendeley. Using citation plug-ins from these products, authors only need to select the appropriate journal template when preparing their article, after which citations and bibliographies will be automatically formatted in the journal's style. If no template is yet available for this journal, please follow the format of the sample references and citations as shown in this Guide. If you use reference management software, please ensure that you remove all field codes before submitting the electronic manuscript. More information on how to remove field codes from different reference management software.
Users of Mendeley Desktop can easily install the reference style for this journal by clicking the following link:
http://open.mendeley.com/use-citation-style/clinical-genitourinary-cancer
When preparing your manuscript, you will then be able to select this style using the Mendeley plug-ins for Microsoft Word or LibreOffice.
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Research ArticleNew Research, Cognition and Behavior
Local Versus Global Effects of Isoflurane Anesthesia on Visual Processing in the Fly Brain
Dror Cohen, Oressia H. Zalucki, Bruno van Swinderen and Naotsugu Tsuchiya
eNeuro 13 July 2016, 3 (4) ENEURO.0116-16.2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1523/ENEURO.0116-16.2016
Dror Cohen
School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3168, Victoria, Australia
ORCID record for Dror Cohen
Oressia H. Zalucki
Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Queensland, Australia
ORCID record for Oressia H. Zalucki
Bruno van Swinderen
Naotsugu Tsuchiya
School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3168, Victoria, AustraliaMonash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne 3168, Victoria, Australia
ORCID record for Naotsugu Tsuchiya
What characteristics of neural activity distinguish the awake and anesthetized brain? Drugs such as isoflurane abolish behavioral responsiveness in all animals, implying evolutionarily conserved mechanisms. However, it is unclear whether this conservation is reflected at the level of neural activity. Studies in humans have shown that anesthesia is characterized by spatially distinct spectral and coherence signatures that have also been implicated in the global impairment of cortical communication. We questioned whether anesthesia has similar effects on global and local neural processing in one of the smallest brains, that of the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster). Using a recently developed multielectrode technique, we recorded local field potentials from different areas of the fly brain simultaneously, while manipulating the concentration of isoflurane. Flickering visual stimuli (‘frequency tags’) allowed us to track evoked responses in the frequency domain and measure the effects of isoflurane throughout the brain. We found that isoflurane reduced power and coherence at the tagging frequency (13 or 17 Hz) in central brain regions. Unexpectedly, isoflurane increased power and coherence at twice the tag frequency (26 or 34 Hz) in the optic lobes of the fly, but only for specific stimulus configurations. By modeling the periodic responses, we show that the increase in power in peripheral areas can be attributed to local neuroanatomy. We further show that the effects on coherence can be explained by impacted signal-to-noise ratios. Together, our results show that general anesthesia has distinct local and global effects on neuronal processing in the fruit fly brain.
frequency tagging
SSVEP
Understanding the neural basis of general anesthesia is important for both clinical and consciousness research. Studies in humans show that general anesthesia has distinct local and global effects. Here, we show homologous findings in the fruit fly brains, taking us a step closer to understanding how the loss of consciousness under general anesthesia is evolutionarily conserved across different neuroanatomies. Our unique combination of methods demonstrates that (1) frequency tagging can be used to dissect the neural mechanisms of general anesthesia, (2) anesthesia manipulations deepen our mechanistic understanding of neural processing, and (3) simple modeling can help to clarify unexpected results.
Volatile general anesthetics, such as isoflurane, abolish behavioral responsiveness in all animals, but the neural underpinnings of this phenomenon remain unclear (van Swinderen and Kottler, 2014). Although the cellular and molecular mechanisms through which general anesthetics work have been quite well characterized (Franks, 2008; Garcia et al., 2010; Brown et al., 2011), it is unclear what aspect of neural activity is at the core of the profound disconnection from the environment that is induced by all general anesthetics. The difficulty in understanding the mechanisms of general anesthesia may be attributed in part to these drugs targeting multiple processes, from sleep circuits to the synaptic release machinery (van Swinderen and Kottler, 2014).
In humans, general anesthetics have several stereotypical effects on neural activity, as measured by the electroencephalogram (EEG), the best known of which is the increase in delta (0.5-4 Hz) power that is associated with alternation between highly coordinated UP (depolarized) and DOWN (hyperpolarized) states, which is also observed during human non-rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (Murphy et al., 2011; Lewis et al., 2012). Human EEG studies using propofol anesthesia also show an increase in coherent frontal oscillations in the alpha band (8-12 Hz), a potential mechanism for impaired cortical communication (Cimenser et al., 2011; Supp et al., 2011). Human studies combining transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) with EEG show that midazolam, propofol, and xenon dramatically disrupt corticocortical communication in response to a TMS pulse (Ferrarelli et al., 2010; Sarasso et al., 2015). These are in agreement with the theoretical suggestion that anesthetics cause the loss of consciousness by interrupting the global integration of cortical activity (Alkire et al., 2008).
The fly model offers a unique opportunity for studying anesthetic action, because it offers the smallest brain (∼100,000 neurons) that is potentially affected by general anesthetics in the same way as the human brain. Isoflurane anesthesia abolishes behavioral responsiveness in fruit flies (Kottler et al., 2013; Zalucki et al., 2015a, Zalucki et al., 2015b), and this is associated with decreased brain activity (van Swinderen, 2006). Genetic manipulations in Drosophila melanogaster are shedding new light on anesthetic action, suggesting that general anesthesia might also involve presynaptic mechanisms as well as the potentiation of sleep circuits (van Swinderen and Kottler, 2014). However, it is currently unclear whether the effects of general anesthesia on neural processing are conserved across all brains, regardless of specific neuroanatomy. To investigate this, we recorded neural activity from multiple regions of the fly brain simultaneously during wakefulness and isoflurane anesthesia, while also measuring brain and behavioral responses to exogenous stimuli.
We used a recently developed multielectrode preparation (Paulk et al., 2013) to record evoked local field potentials (LFPs) across the fly brain in response to flickering visual stimuli. The flickering stimuli produced a periodic response, known as steady-state visually evoked potentials (SSVEPs; Norcia et al., 2015), that allowed us to accurately track the responses in the frequency domain across brain structures, from the optic lobes to the central brain. We hypothesized that isoflurane would globally reduce the power of the SSVEP throughout the brain, but that impaired signal transmission would have a greater effect in the central brain compared with the optic lobes. We found that isoflurane indeed reduced SSVEP power and coherence in central brain areas, but that, surprisingly, responses in the periphery actually increased under isoflurane exposure. We explain these results using a simple model based on known fly neuroanatomy, which suggests a possibility that isoflurane induces an imbalance of the On and Off visual pathways. We further show that the relationship between SSVEP power and coherence can be explained by explicitly considering the relationship between evoked responses and spontaneous brain activity. These results suggest that volatile anesthetics have distinct local and global level effects in all brains, regardless of their specific neuroanatomy, but also that local neuroanatomy is key to understanding anesthetic effects.
Female laboratory-reared D. melanogaster (Canton S wild type) flies (3–7 d post eclosion) were collected under cold anesthesia and positioned for tethering. Flies were dorsally glued to a tungsten rod using dental cement (Synergy D6 FLOW A3.5/B3, Coltène Whaledent), which was cured with blue light. Dental cement was applied to the neck to stabilize the head. The wings of the flies were glued to the tungsten rod to prevent wingbeats or attempted flight during recording. Tethered flies were positioned above a 45.5 mg air-supported Styrofoam ball (Fig. 1a,b), similar to that described by Paulk et al. (2013).
Experimental procedure and paradigm. a, Experimental setup. Flies were dorsally fixed to a tungsten rod and placed on an air-supported ball, where they could freely walk. Flickering stimuli at 13 or 17 Hz were presented through two LED screens to the left and right. Isoflurane in different volumetric concentrations was delivered through a rubber hose. An air puff was used as a startle stimulus to gauge the responsiveness of the flies. A 16-contact electrode probe mounted on an electrode holder was inserted laterally from the left. Only the electrode holder is visible at the depicted scale. b, A close-up view contralateral to the insertion site showing the fly, isoflurane delivery hose, and probe base. c, Example of spontaneous (no presentation of visual stimuli), bipolar rereferenced data before anesthesia (0% isoflurane) from a half-brain probe recording (see Electrode probe insertion). A standardized fly brain is shown for comparison (Paulk et al., 2013, 2015). The electrode contacts are indicated by white dots (not to scale). Channels are grouped as peripheral, estimated to correspond to the optic lobe, and central, estimated to correspond to the central brain.
Electrode probe insertion
Linear silicon probes with 16 electrodes (Neuronexus Technologies) were inserted laterally to the eye of the fly, and perpendicularly to the curvature of the eye. Insertion was performed with the aid of a micromanipulator (Merzhauser), with the electrode recording sites facing posteriorly. For the majority of experiments (14 flies), probes with electrode site separation of 25 μm (3mm-25-177) and 375 μm from base to tip (Fig. 1c) were used. This probe covers approximately half of the brain and henceforth is referred to as the “half-brain probe.” In two additional flies, a probe of 3mm-50-177, with electrode site separation of 50 μm and measuring 703 μm from base to tip was used. This probe covers approximately the whole brain and is referred to as the “whole-brain probe.” Probe tip width (33 μm), base width (123 μm), thickness (15 μm), and electrode site area (177 μm2) are identical for both probes.
A sharpened fine tungsten wire (0.01 inch diameter, A-M Systems) acted as the reference electrode and was placed superficially in the thorax. Recordings were made using a Tucker-Davis Technologies multichannel data acquisition system with a sampling rate of 25 kHz.
The probes were fully inserted until all electrode sites were recording neural activity, which was confirmed by the presentation of visually flickering stimuli (1 and 13 Hz; see Visual stimuli) and observing SSVEPs at the most peripheral electrode site (furthest from the probe tip). The probe was then gently retracted until the most peripheral site showed little to no neural activity. We assumed that this indicated that the most peripheral site was placed just outside the eye. This ensured consistent probe insertion depth among flies.
Visual stimuli
Flickering blue lights (spectral peak at 470 nm with a 30 nm half-peak width) were presented through two LED panels (Fig. 1a). The panels were flickered on and off (square wave, 50% duty cycle) at 13.4 Hz (hereafter cited as 13 Hz) or 16.6 Hz (hereafter cited as 17 Hz), and either to the left or to the right of the fly. There were thus eight possible flicker configurations. These are [off 13], [off 17], [13 off], [17 off], [13 13], [13 17], [17 13], and [17 17], where the number represents the flicker frequency and the location represents the left or right LED panel. An “off” signifies that we turned off the blue LED lights in the respective panel. Visual flickers were presented in sets of 80 trials, consisting of 10 presentation of each flicker configuration. A trial lasted 2.3 s, and the intertrial interval was 0.8 s, taking 248 s to complete the 80 trials. The flicker configuration order was randomly generated with the added restriction that consecutive trials consisted of different flicker configurations. Panel voltage levels were recorded at 25 kHz in the same recording system as the electrophysiological signals. The LED lights were turned off except during the period of visual stimulation (see Fig. 4a).
In three of the flies (two with the whole-brain probe and one with the half-brain probe, all with the graded anesthesia manipulation; see Isoflurane delivery), we also included an additional flicker configuration of [1 1] (1 Hz flicker in both panels). This stimulus was presented once for 20 s before the start of the 80 trials described above. These three flies are used for evaluating the modeled SSVEPs (see Modeling the SSVEPs).
Grouping flicker configurations as ipsilateral or contralateral
The eight flicker configurations were chosen to isolate the effects of flicker frequency (13 vs 17 Hz), flicker interaction (e.g., [13 off] vs [13 17]), and flicker location (e.g., [13 off] vs [off 13]). However, we found that grouping trials as either ipsilateral or contralateral simplified the results and was sufficient to substantiate all our claims (see Results). Under this classification scheme, trials in which a single flicker was presented at the left panel were labeled ipsilateral (see Fig. 3a,b, [13 off] and [17 off]). Trials in which a single flicker was presented at the right panel were labeled contralateral (see Fig. 3a,b, [off 13] and [off 17]). Because the ipsilateral flicker dominated the response, we classified trials in which the same flicker was presented in both panels as ipsilateral (see Fig. 3a,b), and trials in which different flickers were presented in both panels as ipsilateral at the frequency of the ipsilateral panel and contralateral at the frequency of the contralateral panel (see Fig. 3a,b).
Isoflurane delivery
Isoflurane was delivered onto the fly through a rubber hose connected to an evaporator (Mediquip; Fig. 1a,b). The isoflurane was blown onto the fly at a constant flow of 2l/min and continuously vacuumed from the opposite side of the fly. Following the gas chromatography procedure described by Kottler et al. (2013) for measuring isoflurane concentration, we found that the actual concentration near the fly body was 0.3% (vol) when the concentration at the evaporator was set to 1%. Throughout this article, we report isoflurane concentration as the linearly estimated concentration at the fly body, not at the evaporator.
Isoflurane concentrations were manipulated in either a graded or a binary manner over the blocks. In the graded manipulation (N = 3 with the half-brain probe and N = 2 with the whole-brain probe), concentrations were incrementally and sequentially increased over five levels and then reduced to 0%; 0% (air) → 0.06% → 0.18% → 0.3% → 0.45% → 0.6% → 0% (recovery). In the binary manipulation (N = 10 with the half-brain probe), the isoflurane concentration was manipulated over three blocks [0% (air) → 0.6% → 0% (recovery)]. Throughout the article, we distinguish the two periods of 0% isoflurane as 0% (air) and 0% (recovery), before and after drug exposure, respectively. In one fly in which we used the half-brain probe, we administered the graded manipulation up to 0.45%. In a subset of the flies (N = 8 of 14 with the half-brain probe), an additional recovery block [0% (recovery 2)] was performed.
Air puff stimuli and behavioral responsiveness
An olfactory stimulus controller (custom built) was used to deliver six air puffs to gauge the behavioral responsiveness of the flies in each concentration of isoflurane. The inter-air puff duration was ∼1.5 s. Air puffs were delivered before and after the presentation of visual stimuli (see Fig. 4a). Fly movement activity was recorded with a 602f-2 Firewire Camera (Basler) and a 1-6010 12× zoom lens (Navitar) at 30 frames/s, time locked to the onset of the air puff. We used the video data to assess the behavioral responsiveness of the flies under anesthesia (see Movement analysis).
After inserting a probe and confirming the visible responses of the flies to an air puff, we initiated our experimental protocol. An experiment consisted of several blocks, each at a different concentration of isoflurane (see Fig. 4a). Each block started with the delivery of a series of air puffs, used to gauge the responses of the fly and to establish the depth of anesthesia (see Movement analysis). Thirty seconds after the startle stimulus, 80 trials of visual flickers were presented (see Visual stimuli). After the completion of 80 trials, the flies were left for an additional 30 s, and then a second episode of air puffs was delivered. After the last air puff was delivered, the isoflurane concentration was immediately changed. Flies were left for 180 s to adjust to the new isoflurane concentration before the next block commenced.
To confirm the depth of anesthesia, fly movements were analyzed in response to the air puffs. The recorded movies were analyzed to extract the amount of overall movement using custom software written in MATLAB (MathWorks). First, movies were downsampled to 5 frames/s and converted to grayscale. Second, individual images were annotated with the corresponding isoflurane concentration (k = [0 (air), 0.06, 0.18, 0.3, 0.45, 0.6, 0 (recovery), 0 (recovery 2)]%) and saved. Third, images were cropped to include only the body of the fly and were tailored for each fly. Fourth, the mean square error (MSE) between consecutive images across all pixels was calculated, giving one MSE value for each pair of consecutive frames at each isoflurane concentration, k%;
where N is the total number of pixels in each image,
represent the grayscale value of pixel (x,y) in frame i and i + 1, respectively, and the sum is taken over all pixels in the image. Finally, the resulting values were averaged over the two episodes of six air puffs in each block with isoflurane concentration k (∼90 frames in total; see Fig. 4a) to obtain
. For comparison across flies, we further normalized the values for each fly by dividing the value in k% isoflurane (=
) by the value in 0% isoflurane (air; =
). We refer to the resulting quantity as the movement index (MIk). MI values above and below 1.0 indicate increased and decreased movement compared with 0% isoflurane, respectively. When computing the MI for the recovery period, we used the images from the last experimental block of each fly, which was 0% (recovery) for eight flies and 0% (recovery 2) for five flies.
Local field potential analysis
Electrophysiological data was recorded at 25 kHz and downsampled to 1000 Hz for all subsequent analyses. The most peripheral electrode site was removed from the analysis as it was outside the brain (see Electrode probe insertion). The remaining 15 electrodes sites were bipolar rereferenced by subtracting neighboring electrodes to obtain a set of 14 differential signals, which we refer to as “channels” hereafter (Fig. 1c).
For SSVEP analysis, we segmented the data into 2.3 s epochs according to the flicker configuration and isoflurane concentration. We removed line noise at 50 Hz using the rmlinesmovingwinc.m function from the Chronux toolbox (http://chronux.org/; Mitra and Bokil, 2007) with three tapers, a window size of 0.7 s, and a step size of 0.35 s.
Analyzing power
For each fly, we denote the power of the LFP during visual stimulation at frequency f, in channel i (1–14), flicker configuration l (1–8), and isoflurane concentration k% ([0 (air), 0.06, 0.18, 0.3, 0.45, 0.6, 0 (recovery)]) as
, with subscript E meaning “evoked.”
is in units of 10log10 (μV2), averaged (in the log scale) over the 10 repetitions of the flicker configuration (see Visual stimuli; see Fig. 4a).
was calculated over the 2.3 s trial period using the multitaper method (mtspectrumc.m, http://chronux.org/; Mitra and Bokil, 2007) with three tapers, giving a half bandwidth of ∼0.87 Hz (Mitra and Pesaran, 1999), which is sufficiently fine for our claims in this article. We denote spontaneous power at frequency f in channel i. and isoflurane k% as
, with subscript S meaning “spontaneous.”
is the power averaged across four 2.3-s-long segments before the start of the visual flicker presentation in units of 10log10 (μV2; see Fig. 4a).
When presenting the results for k = 0% (air), we corrected for baseline levels by subtracting the spontaneous power from SSVEP power, as follows:
(subscript B for baseline correction).
is reported in decibels, emphasizing that the subtraction is performed after conversion to the log scale.
We use the symbols f1 and f2 to refer to the tag frequency or twice the tag frequency, respectively. The frequencies corresponding to f1 and f2 are flicker configuration dependent (e.g., when the flicker configuration was [13 13], f1 = 13 Hz and f2 = 26 Hz). We refer to power at frequency fn as the average power from −0.5 to +0.5 around the frequency of interest, as follows:
(1.2)where N = 4 is the number of frequency bins over which the sum is evaluated. The baseline-corrected SSVEP power
was obtained by the substitution of
in Equation 1.2.
When reporting SSVEP power for ipsilateral and contralateral flicker configurations, we separately averaged the flicker configurations for each grouping and the corresponding tags (see Grouping flicker configurations as ipsilateral or contralateral; see Fig. 3a,b). For example,
refers to the average power at f1 across the six flicker configurations where the flicker was presented ipsilateral to the probe insertion site (13 Hz for [13 off], [13 13], and [13 17], and 17 Hz for [17 off], [17 17], and [17 13]). The baseline-corrected SSVEP power
was obtained by substituting
and repeating the derivation.
The effect of k% isoflurane on SSVEP power is denoted by the symbol Δ and obtained by subtracting respective values in 0% (air) isoflurane, as follows:
When reporting the effect on power at the tagged frequency (f = f1 or f2), we averaged the power around the tagged frequency, as in Equation 1.2. To obtain the average for ipsilateral/contralateral flicker configurations (
), we repeated the derivation above with
substituted for
Analyzing coherence
We analyzed coherence between channel pairs using the function coherencyc.m in the Chronux toolbox (Mitra and Bokil, 2007) with five tapers, giving a half bandwidth of 1.40 Hz (Mitra and Pesaran, 1999), which is sufficient for our claims. Our notation and terminology for coherence parallel those used for reporting power, as described below.
SSVEP coherence for channel pair (i,j), flicker configuration l, and isoflurane concentration k%,
, is calculated for the SSVEPs over the 2.3 s trials and averaged over the 10 repetitions of the flicker configuration. As spontaneous coherence
, we report coherence averaged across four 2.3-s-long segments before the start of visual flicker presentation (see Fig. 4a).
Baseline-corrected SSVEP coherence is used when presenting results in 0% (air) isoflurane and defined as follows:
As for power, we refer to coherence at frequency fn (
) as the average coherence from −0.5 to +0.5 Hz around the tagged frequency.
We calculated SSVEP and spontaneous coherence between all channel pairs, resulting in 91 (14*13/2) unique values at every frequency. To summarize these data in a concise way, we grouped channel pairs into periphery (channels 1–6) and center (channels 9–14; Fig. 1c). We report periphery (P), center-periphery (CP), and center (C) coherence as averaged across all pairs of the electrodes within periphery, between center and periphery, and within center, respectively;
(2.2)where the superscripts P, CP, and C replace the channel pair superscript. The upper and lower limits of the sums reflect the grouping into peripheral (1–6) and center (9–14) channels, and take into account the fact that coherence is invariant with respect to channel order (C ij = C ji ), while excluding coherence between a channel and itself (C ii = 1). Our results were not sensitive to the exact grouping, such that other schemes, for example, periphery = channels 2–5, center = channels 10–13, gave similar results. We obtained the analogous quantities for baseline-corrected SSVEP coherence at fn,
by substitution of
Paralleling the power analysis, we report SSVEP coherence for ipsilateral and contralateral configurations at f1 and f2 [e.g.,
refers to the average coherence at f1 across six flicker conditions, where the flicker was presented ipsilateral to the probe insertion site (see Fig. 3a,b)]. The baseline-corrected SSVEP coherence [e.g.,
] and the effect of k% isoflurane [e.g.,
] were defined similarly to the analogous quantities for power [e.g.,
Modeling the SSVEPs
We modeled the SSVEPs as the sum of two separate linear responses corresponding to the On and Off pathways (see Fig. 5a). The input (depicted as a square wave) is differentiated to extract points of luminance increments and decrements before splitting into two streams corresponding to the On and Off pathways. The responses of the On and Off pathways are summed to give the modeled SSVEP. Mathematically, the output of the model is given by the following:
(3.1)where
is the output voltage,
are the impulse responses of the On and Off pathways, respectively, and
denotes convolution in the time domain. uon and uoff are the half-wave rectified inputs to the On and Off pathways, such that uon(t) = 1 and uoff(t) = 1 signify an increase and a decrease in luminance at time t, respectively. Note that beyond the rectification nonlinearity the model is a linear multiple-input/single-output model (Bendat and Piersol, 2000). Our model assumes that the effect of isoflurane on the SSVEPs can be explained by changes to the impulse responses
We note that the nonlinearity is cancelled if the impulse response of the On pathway is identical and opposite to the impulse response of the Off pathway (Regan and Regan, 1988). Subbing
into Equation 3.1 and using
, we obtain the following:
is simply the (linearly) differentiated input (
), Equation 3.2 shows that the model reduces to a single linear operation of the (linearly differentiated) input when
The frequency response of the model is given by the following:
where the convolution in Equation 3.1 is replaced by multiplication, and capital letters represent the Fourier transforms of their respective variables. The power spectrum of the response of the model is given by the following:
(3.3)where we used
for the responses of the On and Off pathways to their respective inputs. The symbol * represents conjugation, and Re() denotes taking the real part.
We note two things about Equation 3.3. First, the response at frequency f is only a function of the responses of the On and Off pathways at frequency f; there is no contribution from other frequencies. In the context of our experiments, this means that the prediction of the model for SSVEP power at f1 and f2 depends only on the stimulus, and the properties of the transfer functions (
) at f1 and f2 .
Second, the prediction of the model for SSVEP power depends on the SSVEP power of the On (
and Off pathways (
, but also on the cross-spectrum between the responses (
The On and Off impulse responses at each channel i and isoflurane concentration k
were estimated by averaging the LFP over 20 on–off cycles of the [1 1] flicker configuration, which we presented to three flies (see Visual stimuli; see Fig. 5b). Because the input is a square wave, the half-wave rectification effectively transforms the input into two pulse trains (see Fig. 5a). We then used the estimated impulse responses at each channel and the isoflurane concentration together with Equation 3.1 to predict SSVEPs for the [13 13] and [17 17] flicker configurations by setting the input to a 50% duty cycle square wave with periods (1/13 Hz) and (1/17 Hz), respectively. By computing the Fourier transform of the modeled SSVEPs at each channel i, the two flicker configurations l ([13 13] and [17 17]) and isoflurane concentration k, we obtained the prediction of the model for SSVEP power
. The prediction of the model for the effect of k% isoflurane
is obtained by substituting
for the measured SSVEP power (
) in Equation 1.3. The quantities
were obtained by averaging from −0.5 to +0.5 Hz around the frequency of interest. Note that the model does not have any degrees of freedom for fitting, once the impulse responses are determined by the simple averaging of the data over 20 on–off cycles of the [1 1] flicker configuration. Nothing further is estimated or fit from the data.
Evaluating the SSVEP model
To investigate the relationship between the model and the data, we performed linear regression between the model-predicted and observed effects of isoflurane on SSVEP power, as follows:
where b and c were estimated in R (https://www.r-project.org/; R Core Development Team, 2015) using the lm function. We report the Pearson’s correlation coefficient
between the prediction of the model and the observed data, and 95% confidence intervals on the slope (b) and intercept (c) obtained by the confint function. Note that a perfect fit between model and data is given by
and the line (b = 1, c = 0).
We performed the regression over three flies, all channels (1–14), two flicker configurations ([13 13] and [17 17]), and both f1 and f2, giving 168 paired data points in total. We used the highest concentration of isoflurane [represented as the superscript H in ΔSHE (see Fig. 5g)] presented to each fly, where k = 0.6% for two flies and k = 0.45% for one fly (see Isoflurane delivery).
Signal-to-noise ratio-based estimation of coherence
To investigate the relationship between evoked power and coherence, we assumed a linear framework in which the SSVEPs for each channel pair are related through a linear transfer function in the presence of noise (see Fig. 6b). This framework is conceptually related to the SSVEP model but is completely independent in its implementation and evaluation.
In this framework, the SSVEP at channel i, given by vi (t) passes through the linear transfer function Hij (f) to give the SSVEP at channel j, vj (t). Independent noise enters at each channel separately [ni (t) and nj (t)] to give the recorded responses yi (t) and yj (t). Under these assumptions, squared coherence between channel pairs has an analytical description (for the detailed derivation, see Bendat and Piersol, 2000), as follows:
are the power spectrums of ni , nj , vi , and vj , respectively. If we define the signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) as
, then:
Thus, in this simplified setting coherence is totally determined by the SNRs at the respective channels.
To evaluate the SNR-based coherence estimate, we quantified the SNR at each channel and used Equation 4.1 to obtain the prediction of the model of SSVEP coherence. First, we recalculated
using the same number of tapers used for the coherence analysis (i.e., five tapers; see Local field potential analysis). We then fitted power law noise to the observed SSVEP power
, as follows:
(4.2)where we excluded f values from −1.4 to +1.4 Hz around f1 and f2 for each flicker configuration (1.4 Hz corresponds to the half-bandwidth for the coherence measurement, see Local field potential analysis). The purpose of the fit is to estimate the level of neural activity that is not directly tagged by visual flickers. Following the convention in the SSVEP literature (Norcia et al., 2015), we considered the nontagged activity representing the level of noise (n(t) or SN(f)). The parameters
were estimated by linear regression in the log–log scale in the range 1–50 Hz and used to define the noise spectrum.
We define the SNR at frequency f as the observed SSVEP power at f divided by the interpolated noise spectrum at f as follows:
An example of the estimated noise spectrums and resulting SNRs for two exemplar channels is shown in Figure 6, c and d. Figure 6e shows the resulting coherence estimate.
The predicted effect of k% isoflurane on coherence for channel pair (i, j) is obtained by subtracting the predicted coherence in 0% (air) isoflurane from the predicted coherence in k% isoflurane, as follows:
For the further analyses, we grouped the electrode pairs into P, CP, and C, and for ipsilateral and contralateral flicker configurations separately as described before (see Fig. 6f).
To provide an overall measure of fit for the SNR-based estimation of coherence, we calculated the MSE between the prediction of the model and the observed effect of 0.6% isoflurane on SSVEP coherence in each fly, across all channel pairs (91), flicker configurations (8), and f1 and f2, as follows:
(4.4)where N is the total number of terms in the sum N = 91*8*2 = 1456 (for each of 13 flies).
Separating the contribution of “noise” and “signal” to the SNR-based estimation of coherence
The SNR-based estimation of coherence is completely determined by the SNR (Eq. 4.1), which in turn is a function of the estimated noise levels from nontagged frequency as well as the observed SSVEP power at the tagged frequency (Eq. 4.3). To isolate the contribution of the noise and SSVEP power to the coherence estimate, we defined two additional variants of SNR. In the first, for SNRFN, (where subscript FN is fixed noise), we fixed the noise spectrum to that fitted in 0% (air) isoflurane, as follows:
thereby removing the influence of isoflurane on noise levels. In the second, for SNRFE (where subscript FE is fixed SSVEP power), we fixed the SSVEP power to that observed in 0% (air) isoflurane, as follows:
thereby removing the influence of isoflurane on SSVEP power.
are used together with Equation 4.1 to obtain two additional estimates of coherence (
), the effects of k% isoflurane (
), as well as the grouped coherence over electrode pairs and flicker configurations as described before (
, presented in Fig. 6g,h). Paired t tests between the MSEs (Eq. 4.4; obtained for each fly separately), and between the observed effects of isoflurane on coherence and those predicted by each SNR variant were used for assessing statistical significance.
We used R (https://www.r-project.org/, R Core Development Team, 2015) and lme4 (Bates et al., 2015) to perform linear mixed-effect analysis of the data. Throughout, the response variable is either power
or coherence
with four factors corresponding to isoflurane, channel location, harmonic, and the fly.
As to the factors flicker configuration and response frequency, only a subset of all combinations is relevant for our claims. Specifically, when the flicker configuration was [13 13], [13 off], or [off 13] we analyzed power at f1 = 13 Hz and f2 = 26 Hz. When the flicker configuration was [17 17], [17 off], or [off 17] we analyzed power at f1 = 17 Hz and f2 = 34 Hz. When the flicker configuration was [13 17] or [17 13], we analyzed power at f1 = 13 and 17 Hz, and f2 = 26 and 34 Hz. Thus, replacing the response frequency factor, we included the factor flicker location that corresponds to the division into ipsilateral and contralateral flicker configurations (see Fig. 3a,b; see Grouping flicker configurations as ipsilateral and contralateral).
Among those factors, we focused on the crucial isoflurane-specific effects by including interactions between the isoflurane and flicker location factors, isoflurane and harmonic factors, and isoflurane and channel location factors, as well as the triple interaction among isoflurane, channel location, and harmonic factors. In addition, our results in 0% (air) isoflurane imply harmonic-dependent effects for flicker location and channel location, so we included interactions between flicker location and harmonic, and channel location and harmonic. We included random intercepts for all random effects to account for possible offsets between the levels of each factor.
To test for the effect of a given factor or interaction, we performed likelihood ratio tests between the full model described above and a reduced model without the factor or interaction in question (Bates et al., 2015). When applicable, we adjusted p values using the false discovery rate (Yekutieli and Benjamini, 1999).
Evoked responses vary across the fly brain
We presented flickering visual stimuli to awake and anesthetized flies while recording LFPs from different areas of the fly brain (Fig. 1a–c). Before characterizing the effects of anesthesia on the LFPs, we investigated whether different brain areas showed different responses to the visual flicker in 0% isoflurane (air). We first confirmed that in all our recordings (N = 16) we were able to detect the SSVEPs, whose magnitude depended on brain region and the location of the visual flicker (Fig. 2). When we presented 13 Hz flicker ipsilateral (on the same side) to the probe insertion site (Fig. 2a), we saw clear periodic waveforms in the time domain (Fig. 2b) as well as a clear peak at 13 Hz and its multiples (harmonics) in the frequency domain (Fig. 2c), reflecting robust SSVEPs. Figure 2d summarizes the average SSVEP power at 13 Hz (blue) and at its harmonic (26 Hz, red), for each channel. SSVEP power at both 13 Hz (f1) and 26 Hz (f2) was highest around channels 3–6, roughly corresponding to the medulla of the optic lobe (Fig. 1c, cyan structure), and lower responses in channels 8–14, corresponding to the higher-order central structures of the fly brain, as expected and consistent with other SSVEP studies in the fly (Paulk et al., 2013, 2015).
SSVEP recordings before anesthesia (0% isoflurane). a, Schema of an experiment showing the electrode inserted laterally from the left. The left LED panel is shown flickering at 13 Hz, corresponding to the [13 off] flicker configuration. b, Exemplar mean bipolar rereferenced SSVEP, averaged over 10 trials in the [13 off] condition. The same data from one fly are presented in c and d in different formats. c, Exemplar baseline-corrected SSVEP power spectrum, averaged over the same 10 trials in b (SEB(f); see Local field potential analysis). The blue and the red lines mark the first (f1 = 13 Hz) and second (f2 = 26 Hz) harmonic, respectively. d, Baseline-corrected SSVEP power at f1 (blue) and f2 (red) for the 10 trials of the [13 off] condition (SEB(f1/2)). Note that the narrow shaded areas represent the SD across 10 trials, showing the robust and repeatable nature of the SSVEP paradigm. The grouping into peripheral and central channels is depicted at the bottom. The channels are consistently aligned on the x-axis, b–d.
We observed clear and spatially specific responses for both frequency tags (13 and 17 Hz; main effect of channel locationa, χ2 = 494.0, p < 10−16 See statistical table, row j–l for further detail.). However, we found that a subset of the eight flicker configurations could explain much of the variance in the SSVEP spatial response profiles we observed. Specifically, classifying flicker configurations as either ipsilateral or contralateral to the insertion site (Fig. 3a,b) allowed us to concisely summarize the SSVEP spatial response profiles in the first harmonic (f1 = 13 and f1 = 17; Fig. 3c,d, respectively) and second harmonic (f2 = 26 and f2 = 34; Fig. 3e,f, respectively) across all flicker configurations, into a single figure depicting the four combinations of harmonic and flicker location [(f1,f2) × (ipsilateral, contralateral); Fig. 3g]. SSVEP power for ipsilateral flicker configurations was much higher than contralateral ones (main effect of flicker locationb: χ2 = 211.0, p < 10−16), which is in line with the visual information traveling from the optic lobes to the center of the brain (Fig. 3g; N = 13 flies, 0% isoflurane). For both ipsilateral and contralateral flickers, the responses were stronger at the first harmonic (f1 = 13 or 17 Hz) than at the second harmonic (f2 = 26 or 34 Hz; main effect of harmonic c : χ2 = 718.0, p < 10−16; Fig. 3g). In particular, SSVEP power for contralateral flickers at f2 was weakest and did not show increased responsiveness in peripheral channels (Fig. 3g; confirmed as the significant interaction between flicker location and harmonicd: χ2 = 190.0, p < 10−16). This observation suggests that the second harmonic, f2, reflects more local processing, which is evoked mostly when the flicker is presented to the ipsilateral side. In contrast, the first harmonic, f1, may reflect more global processing, showing a large response even when the flicker is presented to the opposite side of the insertion site.
Baseline-corrected SSVEP power (SEB) and coherence (CEB) before anesthesia (0% isoflurane). a, b, Grouping trials according to ipsilateral and contralateral flicker configurations. A trial consisted of a presentation of one of the following eight flicker configurations: [off 13], [off 17], [13 off], [17 off], [13 13], [13 17], [17 13], and [17 17]. Trials were classified as either ipsilateral or contralateral according to the location of the flicker, with respect to electrode insertion site. a, When analyzing SSVEP power at f1 = 13 Hz or f2 = 26 Hz, trials in which a single flicker was shown ([13 0] and [0 13], row 1) were classified according to the location of the flicker. Trials in which different flickers are shown at each panel ([13 17], [17 13], row 2) are classified according to the location of the 13 Hz flicker. Trials in which both panels show the same flicker ([13 13], row 3) are classified as ipsilateral, as this component dominated the response (see c–f). Trials in which only a 17 Hz flicker is shown ([17 0], [0 17], and [17 17]) are excluded from the grouping. b, Corresponding classification scheme when analyzing SSVEP power at f1 = 17 Hz or f2 = 34 Hz. c–f, Group average (N = 13) baseline-corrected SSVEP power (SEB; see Local field potential analysis) for f1 = 13 (c), f1 = 17 (d), f2 = 26 (e), and f2 = 34 (f) Hz for each of the eight flicker configurations. Grouping flicker configurations as ipsilateral or contralateral accounted for much of the variance, as indicated by the color code (see legend). Error bars represent the SEM across flies (N = 13). g, Group average (N = 13) baseline-corrected SSVEP power at f1 and f2 for ipsilateral and contralateral flicker configurations. Shaded area represents the SEM across flies. h, Group average (N = 13) baseline-corrected SSVEP coherence (CEB) for P, CP, and C channel pairs. Schematics of the fly brain with superimposed examples of channel pairs from each grouping are shown at the bottom. SSVEP coherence followed a similar trend to SSVEP power: higher coherence at f1 than f2 and a decrease toward the center. Contralateral flickers evoked coherence predominantly at f1. Error bars represent SEM across flies (N = 13).
In contrast to these large effects, separating the response profiles for ipsilateral and contralateral flicker configurations into the individual flicker configurations had a minimal but significant effect (main effect of flicker configuratione: χ2 = 17.6, p = 0.015), demonstrating that the grouping into ipsilateral and contralateral flicker configurations accounts for much of the variance.
Evoked coherence varies across the fly brain
Next, we assessed whether SSVEP coherence showed brain region-specific patterns. Coherence measures the strength of linear dependency between two variables in the frequency domain (Bendat and Piersol, 2000), and was used in a similar preparation to investigate closed and open loop behavior in flies (Paulk et al., 2015). Paulk et al. (2015) observed increased SSVEP coherence when flies were engaged in closed-loop behavior, compared to open-loop behavior, where flies were not in control. Notably, SSVEP power alone did not distinguish between the two conditions.
To summarize the coherence data we grouped channels into periphery and center (Fig. 3h), and averaged channel pairs across the periphery, periphery-center, and center. Example pairs from each grouping are shown at the bottom of Figure 3h.
Overall, SSVEP coherence showed a pattern similar to that for SSVEP power. Higher coherence was observed at f1 (=13 or 17 Hz) than at f2 (=26 or 34 Hz), which is clearly seen by comparing blue (f1) and red (f2) bars in Figure 3h (main effect of harmonicf: χ2 = 179.0, p < 10−16), and at ipsilateral than at contralateral flickers, which are seen as lighter bars (ipsilateral) and darker bars (contralateral) in Figure 3h (main effect of flicker locationg: χ2 = 29.5, p < 10−6). The effect of channel location is also strong, with the highest coherence observed between peripheral pairs, followed by peripheral-central pairs, and weakest for central pairs (Fig. 3h; main effect of channel locationh: χ2 = 62.3, p < 10−10). Similarly to SSVEP power, there was an interaction between flicker location and harmonici (χ2 = 6.2, p < 0.02). While contralateral flicker configurations barely evoked coherent SSVEP activity throughout the brain at f2, they evoked location-dependent coherence at f1. Ipsilateral flicker configurations, however, evoked similar location-dependent coherence at both f1 and f2 (Fig. 3h). Together, these similar patterns of results for SSVEP power and SSVEP coherence (Fig. 3g,h) suggest a strong relationship.
The results so far have shown that SSVEP power and coherence have a characteristic spatial response profile, with higher values in the peripheral optic lobe than in the central regions, and that responses at f2 may reflect more local processing, as observed in the limited response to contralateral flicker configurations (Fig. 3g,h). In what follows, we investigated how a volatile general anesthetic, isoflurane, affects these distinct visual responses in the fly brain.
Isoflurane reduces behavioral responses
In flies, like other animals, the behavioral effects of general anesthesia are investigated through behavioral responses to noxious stimuli, such as mechanical vibrations (Kottler et al., 2013; Zalucki et al., 2015a, Zalucki et al., 2015b). In our paradigm, we delivered a series of startling air puffs to the tethered fly exposed to different concentrations of isoflurane (Fig. 4a, blue rectangles). To quantify the responses to the air puffs, we analyzed video recordings of the experiments (see Movement analysis). Before any anesthesia (0% isoflurane), flies responded to the air puffs by moving their legs and abdomen, and this was visible as differences in pixel intensities between consecutive frames of the video recording (Fig. 4b, left column). The 0.6% isoflurane administration rendered flies completely inert, as was evident in the small differences between consecutive frames (Fig. 4b, right column). After the isoflurane concentration was reset to 0%, flies regained pre-anesthesia responsiveness (Fig. 4c): the MI (see Movement analysis) was significantly <1 at 0.6% isofluranej (p < 0.008, paired two-tailed t test; df = 12) and was not different from 1 at the end of the recovery periodk (p = 0.130). MI was significantly lower during 0.6% isoflurane administration than after the recovery periodl (p < 0.003). This analysis confirms that isoflurane abolishes behavioral responsiveness in fruit flies, as demonstrated in previous studies (van Swinderen, 2006; Kottler et al., 2013; Zalucki et al., 2015a, Zalucki et al., 2015b), and also that flies can recover from isoflurane in this preparation.
Isoflurane anesthesia has region- and harmonic-dependent effects on SSVEP power. a, Experimental protocol. An experiment consisted of multiple blocks, each at a different concentration of isoflurane (top black line). Each block proceeded with (1) air puffs (light blue rectangles); (2) 30 s of rest; (3) 80 trials of flicker presentation, corresponding to 10 presentations for each of the eight flicker configurations (gray rectangles); (4) 30 s of rest; (5) air puff; (6) isoflurane concentration change; and (7) 180 s of rest for adjustment to the new isoflurane concentration. b, Isoflurane abolishes behavioral responses. Consecutive video frames (first and second row) in response to an air puff before any anesthesia was administered (0%, left column) and before 0.6% isoflurane exposure (right column). In 0% isoflurane, flies respond to the air puff by moving, which is seen as the large difference in pixel intensity between consecutive frames (left, third row). After 0.6% isoflurane exposure, flies do not respond to the air puff, and there are only small differences between consecutive frames (right, third row). c, Quantifying behavioral responses. Group average (N = 13) movement index (see Movement analysis) was reduced during exposure to 0.6% isoflurane and rebounded after isoflurane levels were reset to 0%. Error bars represent the SEM across flies. d, Isoflurane reduces spontaneous brain activity (ΔSs), measured over four segments of 2.3 s before the start of the presentation of the visual stimuli. Group average (N = 13) effect of 0.6% isoflurane on spontaneous power (ΔS0.6S; see Local field potential analysis). Power is averaged across all channels. The average power for 20–30 and 80–90 Hz is significantly reduced. Error bars represent the SEM across flies. e, Isoflurane reduces SSVEP power (ΔSE) at f1 but increases power at f2 in a concentration-dependent manner. SSVEP power at f1 = 13 Hz (blue) and f2 = 26 Hz (red) for the [13 off] flicker configuration (indicated by the schematic above), at increasing concentrations of isoflurane. For each fly, the SSVEP is first averaged over peripheral channels (triangles, channels 1–6) or central channels (circles, channels 9–14). The channel average is further averaged across flies (N = 3). Error bars reflect the SEM across flies. f, Isoflurane increases SSVEP power at f2 for ipsilateral but not for contralateral flicker configurations. Spatial profile of SSVEP power at f1 (blue) and f2 (red) for contralateral (dark) and ipsilateral (light) flicker configurations in 0.6% isoflurane (ΔS0.6E). SSVEP power is averaged across ipsilateral or contralateral flicker configurations (Fig. 3a,b) first, then is averaged across flies (N = 13). Shaded areas represent the SEM across flies. The SSVEP power at f1 is reduced in central channels for all flicker configurations, indicating an effect on global neural processing. In contrast, SSVEP power at f2 is increased at the periphery, but only for ipsilateral flicker configurations, indicating an effect on local neural processing. The peripheral and central channels over which the average was taken in e are depicted at the bottom of f. ***p < 0.001 and **p < 0.01 in c and d.
Statistical table
Isoflurane attenuates spontaneous brain activity
Previous work has shown that the attenuated motor behavior in fruit flies is accompanied by attenuated spontaneous brain activity, quantified as a reduction in mean power in the 20–30 and 80–90 Hz frequency bands (van Swinderen, 2006). We replicated the same effect here using the multiple electrode preparation, by averaging spontaneous power (=
; for the definition, see Local field potential analysis) across each frequency band (f) and across all channels (i) at k = 0.6% isoflurane concentration. Figure 4d shows the group average (N = 13) effect of 0.6% isoflurane on spontaneous power and confirms a significant reduction due to anesthesia in the 20–30m and 80–90 Hzn frequency bands (paired two-tailed t test: df = 12; p < 0.00005 and p < 0.002, respectively).
Isoflurane has opposite effects on SSVEP power at f1 and f2
Previous studies in humans show that general anesthetics have spatially distinct effects on spectral power and coherence (Cimenser et al., 2011). In these studies, the primary sensory areas tend to remain reliably responsive, but higher-order areas show markedly reduce responsivity (Supp et al., 2011; Liu et al., 2012; Mashour, 2013). Isoflurane is known to potentiate GABAergic neurons, resulting in increased inhibition (Alkire et al., 2008; Garcia et al., 2010), and this is consistent with the attenuated spontaneous brain activity observed above and in previous reports (van Swinderen, 2006). Thus, we hypothesized that isoflurane would generally reduce neural responses, but that this reduction would be brain region dependent.
To assess the effects of anesthesia on SSVEP power, we presented visual flickers during exposure to increasing concentrations of isoflurane (Fig. 4a, gray rectangles).
In line with our expectations, we observed a concentration-dependent reduction in SSVEP power at f1. Furthermore, this reduction was more pronounced in central than peripheral areas (Fig. 4e, blue circles vs blue triangles; mean of channels 9–14, N = 3). Surprisingly, responses at f2 increased under anesthesia, but only in peripheral areas (Fig. 4e, red triangles vs circles). We confirmed a strong effect for isoflurane concentration (main effect of isofluraneo: N = 3, χ2 = 631.36, p < 10−16) as well as an interaction between harmonic and isofluranep (N = 3, χ2 = 434.7, p < 10−16).
To better understand the dissociation between the responses at f1 and f2, we collected data from 10 additional flies in which we manipulated isoflurane concentration in a binary manner [0% (air) → 0.6% → 0% (recovery)]. We found that isoflurane reduced SSVEP power at f1 (i.e.,
< 0) for both ipsilateral flicker configurations (Fig. 4f, light blue) and contralateral flicker configurations (Fig. 4f, dark blue). In contrast, isoflurane increased SSVEP power at f2 (i.e.,
> 0) for peripheral areas but only in response to ipsilateral flicker configurations (Fig. 4f, light and dark red). This region- and flicker-specific dissociation was confirmed by a strong interaction between isoflurane and channel locationq (χ2 = 187, p < 10−16) and isoflurane and flicker locationr (χ2 = 31.26, p < 0.01), as well as the triple interaction among isoflurane, channel location and harmonics (χ2 = 23.09, p < 0.048).
The reduction in SSVEP power at f1 was observed for both ipsilateral and contralateral conditions (Fig. 4f), suggesting a reduction in global levels of neuronal processing. Further, that this reduction is more pronounced in the central brain is consistent with isoflurane modulating sleep/wake pathways in the central brain (Kottler et al., 2013), in addition to possibly also impairing signal transmission from the periphery to the center. At the same time, the increase in SSVEP power at f2 in the periphery was not observed for contralateral flickers, suggesting that this increase may be attributed to isoflurane acting on some local circuit in the periphery. In the following, we provide a potential explanation with simple, yet biologically plausible, modeling of the SSVEPs.
A minimal model explains the opposing effects of isoflurane on SSVEP power at f1 and f2
A global reduction in SSVEP power at f1 is in line with the reduced neural responsiveness described previously (van Swinderen, 2006) and with global impairment of neural communication across the brain (Alkire et al., 2008). However, the local increase in SSVEP power at f2 in the periphery is not consistent with these. Here, we propose a minimal model that explains these results in a quantitative manner.
First, we considered what type of processing of the input can result in a response at f2. Linear models of SSVEPs from human EEGs have demonstrated a reasonable fit to the observed data (Capilla et al., 2011). However, we can immediately reject purely linear models because our flickering stimuli consisted of a square wave, whose Fourier decomposition consists of only odd harmonics (f1, f3, f5,…). A linear transformation of the input signal cannot result in power at frequencies that are not present at the input in the first place (Norcia et al., 2015). This suggests that a nonlinear process is involved in the generation of the power at f2. The fly visual system is known to contain nonlinear processing (Egelhaaf and Borst, 1989; Reiff et al., 2010; Clark et al., 2011; Behnia et al., 2014)—could a physiologically based, well established nonlinearity account for the unexpected increase in power at f2 that we observed?
A prominent property in visual processing in animals, including fruit flies, is the segregation of the input pathway into luminance increment-responsive (On) and luminance decrement-responsive (Off) pathways (Joesch et al., 2010). The splitting of processing into these two pathways is captured by a nonlinearity in the form of half-wave rectification (Regan and Regan, 1988). Half-wave rectification is also implemented in the fly visual system (Reiff et al., 2010) and represents a biologically plausible, yet simple, nonlinearity.
Figure 5, a and b, summarizes our model, which is based on previous models of nonlinear SSVEP generation (Regan and Regan, 1988). First, the input is linearly differentiated to extract points of luminance change before passing through two opposite half-wave rectifiers, corresponding to segregation into the On and Off pathways. The result is two pulse trains with the same period as the input stimulus and a time delay of half of the stimulus period. The two pulse trains are separately linearly processed by the On and Off pathways, and are finally summed to give the recorded response. We estimated the impulse responses of the On and Off pathways for each channel from the response to a 20 s, 1 Hz flicker that was obtained before the main 13/17 Hz flicker blocks (Fig. 5b; see Modeling the SSVEPs).
A minimal model explains the unexpected increase in SSVEP power at f2 due to isoflurane. a, Modeling the SSVEPs. The input (depicted as a blue square wave) is (linearly) differentiated to extract points of luminance increments and decrements before splitting into two streams corresponding to the On (pink) and Off (orange) pathways. Each pathway is modeled as a linear operation determined by the impulse response of the pathway. The responses of the two pathways are summed to give the recorded SSVEP. b, The impulse responses of the On and Off pathways were estimated from the response to a 1 Hz flickering stimulus (blue). An example from one channel is shown. No other parameters are fitted from the data. c, Exemplar On (pink) and Off (orange) impulse responses obtained from the 1 Hz flicker presented in both panels [1 1] in 0% isoflurane (air). Note that the negative of the On impulse response (gray) is not identical to the Off impulse response. d, The power spectra of the model output. When the negative of the On impulse response is the same as the Off impulse response, there is no power at f2 (gray). When the empirical On and Off impulse responses are used, the power spectrum has a sharp peak at f2 (black). e, Comparison between the model output (black) and the recorded SSVEP (blue, average across 10 trials) to a [13 0] stimulus in 0% (left) and 0.6% isoflurane (right) in the time domain. An example from one channel is shown. f, Corresponding comparison to e in the frequency domain. Spectra of model output (left) and recorded data (right, averaged across 10 trials of the [13 0] flicker configuration) in 0% (green) and 0.6% (blue) isoflurane show that the model correctly predicts that isoflurane increases SSVEP power at f2. g, The SSVEP model predictions are in excellent agreement with the observed effects of isoflurane. The model correctly predicts the reduction in power at f1 (blue) and the increase in power at f2 (red) for each of three flies (marked by a cross, square, or asterisk), across all channels (14) and both flicker configuration ([13 13] or [17 17]; n = 168, ρ = 0.76). The empirical line of best fit (dashed black) closely resembles the line of perfect fit (solid black).
The model predicts that if the Off pathway impulse response is the exact negative of the On pathway impulse response (Fig. 5c, gray line), there will be no power at the second harmonic (Fig. 5d, gray line). The symmetry between the On and Off responses cancels the nonlinearity (see Eq. 3.2 in Materials and Methods). When the impulse responses for the On and Off pathways are asymmetric, as is expected and consistent with known fly neurophysiology (Behnia et al., 2014), the half-wave rectification is in effect and a prominent peak at f2 is observed (Fig. 5d, black line).
Our minimal model is effective in explaining the opposing effects of anesthesia at f1 and f2 in the time (Fig. 5e) and frequency (Fig. 5f) domain representations of the SSVEP, explaining that isoflurane anesthesia increases the power at f2 by changing the impulse responses of the On and Off pathways. We emphasize that the model is completely determined by the response to the 1 Hz stimulus, which is then used to predict responses for the [13 13] and [17 17] flicker configurations. No parameters are fitted after computing the impulse responses.
To evaluate the model, we computed the correlation coefficient (ρ) and the line of best fit between the model-predicted and observed SSVEP power at f1 and f2 (see Evaluating the SSVEP model). We found excellent agreement between the model prediction and the actual data in 0% (air)t isoflurane (n = 168; ρ2 = 0.9; 95% confidence interval: for slope, 1.0–1.21; for intercept, −6.01 to −2.43) and in the highest concentration of isoflurane delivered to each flyu (n = 168; ρ2 = 0.95; 95% confidence interval: for slope, 1.05–1.15; for intercept, −1.70 to 0.75). Most importantly, the model accurately predicts the effects of isoflurane on SSVEP power. Figure 5g shows the observed effects versus the predicted effects of isoflurane on SSVEP power, and demonstrates that the model captures both the increase at f2 (red) and the decrease at f1 (blue) for each of three flies (marked by cross, asterisk, and square). The predicted and observed effects of isoflurane show a strong linear relationshipv (dashed black line; ρ2 = 0.76; df = 167; 95% confidence interval: for slope, 0.722–0.94; for intercept, 2.50–4.48) that closely resembles a perfect fit (solid black line).
Thus, assuming a minimal, yet biologically plausible, nonlinearity, our model provides a possible explanation for why isoflurane anesthesia unexpectedly increased SSVEP power at f2. Isoflurane is known to potentiate GABAergic neurons (Alkire et al., 2008; Garcia et al., 2010) so a “global” reduction in neural responses is expected. Consistent with this, we observed that SSVEP power at f1 was globally reduced, while SSVEP power at f2 increased, but only locally at the periphery. Our model, however, predicts that if isoflurane caused an imbalance between the On and Off pathways, the nonlinearity can be enhanced, causing increased SSVEP power at f2. The imbalance between the On and Off pathways is likely to emerge only when the local circuit is strongly engaged. Such strong engagement is much more likely for ipsilateral than for contralateral flicker configurations, which is consistent with the observation that the increase at f2 was observed only for ipsilateral flicker configurations. While our model cannot pinpoint the cellular/molecular mechanisms underlying this change, one potential cause is a widespread impairment in synaptic efficacy, independent of sleep circuits, that here results in affected On and Off responses (van Swinderen and Kottler, 2014; Zalucki et al., 2015).
Isoflurane has opposite effects on SSVEP coherence at f1 and f2
We next investigated how isoflurane anesthesia affected the observed SSVEP coherence. Generally, the effects were closely related to the changes observed for SSVEP power. Following the same procedure for 0% isoflurane (Fig. 3h), we summarized the results by averaging coherence among pairs of recording sites within periphery, between periphery and center, and within center (see Analyzing SSVEP coherence). As expected, 0.6% isoflurane significantly modulated SSVEP coherencew (main effect of isoflurane, χ2 = 185, p < 10−16).
The effects of 0.6% isoflurane on SSVEP coherence (ΔCE , N = 13 flies) are qualitatively similar to those on power, in terms of channel pair location, flicker location, and harmonic, as shown in Figure 6a. Isoflurane reduced coherence at f1 but increased coherence at f2 (Fig. 6a, red vs blue bars; interaction between harmonic and isofluranex: χ2 = 146, p < 10−16). The reduction at f1 was greater in the center (Fig. 6a, right column), while the increase at f2 was predominantly observed at the periphery (Fig. 6a, left column; interaction between isoflurane and channel locationy: χ2 = 29.25, p < 0.00001). The reduction at f1 was observed for all flicker configurations (Fig. 6a, light and dark blue), but the increase at f2 was only observed for ipsilateral flicker configurationsz (Fig. 6a, light red vs dark red; interaction between isoflurane and flicker location: χ2 = 12.35, p < 0.009). The triple interaction among isoflurane, harmonic, and channel was not significantaa (χ2 = 0.66, p = 0.72). The results imply that in our paradigm there is a strong connection between SSVEP power and SSVEP coherence. In the following section, we dissect this by assuming a linear framework that provides an estimate of coherence based on the signal-to-noise ratios of tagged power in the frequency domain.
A minimal model based on the SNRs of SSVEP power explains the effects of isoflurane on SSVEP coherence. a, Group average (N = 13) of the observed effects of anesthesia on SSVEP coherence (ΔCE). Isoflurane decreases SSVEP coherence at f1 (blue) and increases coherence at f2 (red). Isoflurane decreases coherence at f1 for all flicker configurations throughout the brain. Isoflurane increases SSVEP coherence at f2 at the periphery, but only for ipsilateral flicker configurations (light red). Schematics of the fly brain with superimposed examples of channel pairs from each grouping are shown at the bottom. Error bars represent the SEM across flies. b, Linear framework for SNR-based coherence estimates. The SSVEP in channel vi (t) is related to the SSVEP in channel vj (t) through the transfer function H(f). Independent noise ni (t) and nj (t) enters at each channel separately to give the recorded SSVEPs yi (t) and yj (t). Under this scheme, SSVEP coherence has an analytic expression based on the SNR at each channel, given by Equation 4.1 (see SNR-based estimation of coherence). c–e, Estimation of SNR and coherence prediction from the data. c, Noise levels were estimated from nontagged frequencies at each channel, isoflurane concentration, and flicker configurations by fitting power-law noise to the SSVEP spectrum (see SNR-based estimation of coherence). Exemplar average SSVEP spectra and power-law fits for the [13 off] flicker configuration in 0% isoflurane for two channels, indexed by i and j, are shown. A schematic of the fly brain and channel locations is shown at the top. d, The SNR of channels i and j, obtained by dividing the spectrum of the SSVEP by the power-law fit in the linear scale. e, Example of SSVEP coherence prediction for channel i and j in d based on the SNR through Equation 4.1. f, The SNR-based model correctly predicts the effects of isoflurane on coherence (
). Group average (N = 13) SNR-based prediction of the effects of 0.6% isoflurane. The format and color scheme is the same as in a. g, h, Coherence predictions using different definitions of the SNR. g, Prediction based on SNRs using noise levels in 0% isoflurane (
; see SNR-based estimation of coherence). h, Prediction based on SNR using SSVEP power levels in 0% isoflurane (
). i, Quality of coherence prediction from each model. MSE between the observed (a) and each of the three predictions (f–h) averaged across all flies, channels, flicker configurations, and f1 and f2. This demonstrates that the effects of isoflurane on SSVEP coherence are largely attributed to the effects of isoflurane on SSVEP power, not on noise. Error bars represent the SEM across flies (N = 13). ***p < 0.001 and *p < 0.05.
A minimal model explains the opposing effects of isoflurane on SSVEP coherence at f1 and f2
The observation that isoflurane affected coherence and power in a similar way suggests that in our data the two measures are linked. We explain the opposing effects of isoflurane on SSVEP coherence at f1 and f2 with another simple model. The model assumes that in each pair of channels, one channel (Fig. 6b, vi (t)) receives an input from the initial sensory processing (i.e., Fig. 6b, On/Off response box) and the other (vj (t)) is a linearly filtered version of the first (represented by the transfer function H(f)). Finally, independent noise (ni (t) and nj (t)) enters at each channel, giving the two output voltages (yi (t) and yj (t)). This simple framework allows us to apply an analytic derivation of coherence based on the SNRs at each channel (see Signal-to-noise ratio-based estimation of coherence; Bendat and Piersol, 2000).
The model involves two main assumptions about the nature of the LFP. First, the relationship between the SSVEPs in each pair of channels is linear. Second, spontaneous activity is independent of evoked activity. There is evidence that purely linear processing can provide a good description of the neural responses in the Drosophila brain (Bialek et al., 1991; Behnia et al., 2014), and independence between evoked and spontaneous neural activity is often assumed when assessing neural connectivity in human LFP studies (Truccolo et al., 2002; Wang et al., 2008). Thus, both assumptions are physiologically plausible. However, given the present lack of understanding regarding the physiological underpinning and inter-area properties of the LFP, we cannot propose a mechanistic, physiology-based perspective for this model.
To quantify the SNRs, we first estimated the noise level by fitting power-law noise to the power spectrum at the nontagged frequencies during visual stimulation for each channel, flicker configuration, and isoflurane concentration (Fig. 6c; see SNR-based estimation of coherence). Note that the SSVEP paradigm allows us to operationally regard power at the tagged frequency (f1 and f2) as signal and power at non-tagged frequencies as noise (Norcia et al., 2015). Dividing the measured SSVEP power by the estimated noise levels (in the linear scale) provides our estimation of the SNR (Fig. 6d; see SNR-based estimation of coherence). The SNR estimates together with Equation 4.1 provide a coherence estimate (Fig. 6e). Finally, we separately obtained estimates of the SSVEP coherence in 0% and 0.6% isoflurane concentrations to predict the effects of isoflurane on coherence (
; Fig. 6f–h).
The predicted effects of isoflurane on SSVEP coherence is in excellent agreement with the observed data (Fig. 6a, observed coherence, f, for the model prediction). The model captures the general decrease of coherence at f1 as well as the increase of coherence in the periphery at f2 for ipsilateral flicker configurations.
In this framework, the effects of isoflurane on noise level as well as on SSVEP power both contribute to the SNR-based prediction of coherence. But what is the relative contribution of nontagged noise and tagged signal to our successful prediction of SSVEP coherence? To isolate the relative contribution, we recalculated the SNR by fixing either noise or signal to 0% isoflurane levels, which we call SNRFN and SNRFE (see Separating the contribution of “noise” and “signal” to the SNR-based estimation of coherence). The results (Fig. 6g,h), clearly show that the contribution of the signal (or evoked response) is much more important for the model prediction.
We formally confirmed the above observation by computing the mean squared error between each SNR-based prediction (
) and the observed data (
) across all channel pairs and flicker configurations (Fig. 6i; see Separating the contribution of noise and signal to the SNR-based estimation of coherence). Disregarding the effect of isoflurane on power (
) resulted in considerably worse predictions thanab
(p < 0.0001, df = 12) and ac
(p < 0.0001, df = 12). However, disregarding the effects of isoflurane on noise resulted in only slightly (but significantly) worse predictionsad (
: p < 0.040, df = 12). This means that the observed effects of isoflurane on SSVEP coherence, which is a global decrease of coherence at f1 and a local (peripheral) increase of coherence at f2, is largely attributed to the effect of isoflurane on SSVEP power at the tagging frequency of the stimulus, rather than to general effects on nontagged frequencies.
In this study, we showed that isoflurane has distinct local and global effects on the fruit fly brain. This was made possible by our approach that combines pharmacological manipulation of the states of the brain through anesthetics, perturbation of the neural circuits through periodic visual stimuli, and analysis and modeling of behavior and neural data. Together, these components synergistically provide a fuller picture of the effects of isoflurane anesthesia on visual processing, which may generalize to the brains of animals other than flies.
As to the mechanisms of anesthesia, recent studies (Alkire et al., 2008; Mashour, 2013) suggest that reduced cortical communication is at the core of the anesthetic-induced loss of consciousness. In particular, increased synchronous activity induced by anesthesia has been suggested to adversely interfere with the communication between brain areas (Supp et al., 2011; Lewis et al., 2012; Sarasso et al., 2014), which may explain the failure of the propagation of evoked responses from primary to higher-order areas (Supp et al., 2011; Liu et al., 2012; Mashour, 2013). The volatile general anesthetic isoflurane also abolishes behavioral responses in fruit flies at concentrations similar to those required for human anesthesia (van Swinderen, 2006; Kottler et al., 2013; Zalucki et al., 2015a, Zalucki et al., 2015b; present study), suggesting that the neural mechanisms through which this anesthetic works may be conserved in most animals. Here we questioned whether isoflurane has distinct effects on local and global processing in the fruit fly brain, and thereby investigate whether an entirely different brain neuroanatomy might reflect similar fundamental effects on neural processing under general anesthesia.
Using a multielectrode preparation allowed us to record from different brain areas simultaneously, and to assess brain region-dependent effects. By presenting flickering visual stimuli, we could isolate the neural response in the frequency domain. The frequency decomposition revealed specific effects of anesthesia on the first harmonic (f1, 13 or 17 Hz) and second harmonic (f2, 26 or 34 Hz), which reflected global and local visual processing. Our results show that the reduction in behavioral responses is accompanied by attenuated spontaneous brain activity, and this was also true for the SSVEPs in the central brain, which were reduced for all stimulus configurations, indicating an effect on global neuronal processing at f1. In contrast, and to our surprise, local responses at f2 in peripheral areas increased, but only for ipsilateral flicker configurations. Modeling the SSVEPs was crucial to understand this unexpected effect, explaining that the f2 power increase in the periphery can be attributed to isoflurane-induced changes of the On and Off response pathways in the optic lobes. We further showed that the analogous effects of isoflurane on coherence can be explained by explicitly considering how isoflurane affects the tagged brain activity (both f1 and f2). Overall, the reduction in SSVEP power and coherence in the central brain fits with the view that general anesthetics target interarea neural communication, impairing the transmission of the visually evoked responses from the optic lobes to central brain structures.
One possibility to describe our finding is to separate the effects of isoflurane into the central and the peripheral, rather than the local and global, as we presented the effects in the article. We think that using the term “central effect” is not as well suited because it fails to capture the fact that the effect of isoflurane on SSVEP power and coherence at f1 generalized over flicker configurations (both ipsilateral and contralateral; Fig. 4f). In addition, we argue that this effect involves the transmission of the signal between the periphery and the center. As such, we think that the response at f1 reflects global processing, rather than central processing, and f2 reflects local (which can be also considered as peripheral) processing.
Evoked and spontaneous activity
The characterization of evoked responses, as opposed to spontaneous activity, through the delivery of a controlled input can reveal additional information about the system. In our experiment, the SSVEPs increased in peripheral areas at f2 for specific flicker configurations, revealing a clear difference between the effects of isoflurane on the periphery and center of the fly brain. The use of evoked activity in studying general anesthesia may be particularly important because it allows tracking a stimulus-related neural process across the brain, potentially making it easier to identify impaired interarea communication. In SSVEP paradigms, the signal is operationally defined as activity at the tag and its harmonics, and this assumption makes it straightforward to define SNRs of evoked activity. This is more difficult with spontaneous activity, where signal and noise cannot be easily separated. Our operational definition of signal and noise, following the tradition of SSVEP studies (Norcia et al., 2015), allowed us to explicitly consider how SSVEPs at the tag frequency combine with nontagged activity (through the quantification of the SNR) to influence coherence. In our data, the effects of isoflurane on SSVEP coherence could be largely attributed to the effects of isoflurane on SSVEP power, as opposed to effects on surrounding, non-stimulus-related activity (Fig. 6f–i).
Focusing on neural activity at predefined frequencies, however, is also a limitation of SSVEP paradigms as this only probes the behavior of the system in a narrow range: the tag and its harmonics. This is particularly important in the context of nonlinear systems whose frequency response can be highly input dependent. We expect that both our modeling of the SSVEPs and the SNR-based estimation of coherence will need to be expanded when the system is evaluated over a broader dynamic range.
Neural substrate of the SSVEPs
Our modeling of the SSVEPs concisely yet plausibly accounts for the unexpected increase in power at f2 observed in the periphery. Given the vast literature on elementary motion detection circuitry in flies (Egelhaaf and Borst, 1989; Reisenman et al., 2003; Borst and Euler, 2011), it may be possible to provide more comprehensive modeling. However, for the purpose of explaining the unexpected effects of anesthesia, our minimal modeling was sufficient and provided a physiologically plausible explanation: isoflurane most likely affected the responses of local On and Off pathways, which, combined with the presentation of a periodic stimulus, resulted in increased power at f2. We note that, in principle, the model can be used to predict the response to arbitrary flicker configuration, but in this work we focused on the observation that required further explanation: the unexpected increase in power at f2. We are currently investigating whether isoflurane-resistant mutants, which have recently been identified (Kottler et al., 2013; Zalucki et al., 2015), can be used to further clarify the mechanisms involved in the global decrease and local increase in responsiveness that we observed.
Even for our simple model, it is not straightforward to assign a fine neural substrate to the SSVEP because there are many connections between the fly optic lobes, such that stimulation in one lobe causes activation in the other (Haag and Borst, 2008). While our recordings (and those by Paulk et al., 2015) clearly show that SSVEP power is much smaller when the flicker is presented to the opposite eye, the broad-field flicker prevents us from precisely disentangling the relative contribution of each optic lobe to the LFP. Another factor is the aggregate nature of the LFP; while the first On and Off responsive cells may be observed as early as the lamina (Reiff et al., 2010), we cannot tell how much these cells contribute to the LFP, compared to other downstream neurons. Future studies separating the contributions of the On or Off pathways to the LFP via genetic manipulations and the use of stimuli that target each pathway separately will help to clarify the neural substrate of the SSVEP.
Slow-wave and interarea neural communication
Sleep and general anesthesia are defined by similar criteria, and there is evidence for some shared mechanisms (Franks, 2008). The involvement of sleep mechanisms in the impairment of cortical communication observed in general anesthesia (Ferrarelli et al., 2010; Sarasso et al., 2015) is not established, but one possibility is that the stereotypical DOWN states that manifest as the human EEG slow wave and are observed in both general anesthesia and non-REM sleep states, may prevent long-range coordinated activation (Sarasso et al., 2014).
Recent findings extend the proposed relationship between sleep and anesthesia to fruit flies, in which genetic manipulations of sleep circuits can confer both resistance and hypersensitivity to isoflurane (Kottler et al., 2013). However, to date, there has been no evidence of a slow wave in sleep or anesthesia in flies (van Swinderen, 2006; Kirszenblat and van Swinderen, 2015), and we found no evidence of it here. Thus, anesthetics may target sleep circuits in all brains but only produce a slow wave in some. Instead, the mechanism for the reduced responsiveness in the central brain that we observed under isoflurane may be a combination of potentiated sleep circuits and compromised synaptic efficacy, which has been demonstrated in flies (van Swinderen and Kottler, 2014; Zalucki et al., 2015). While sleep circuits seem unlikely to modulate the responses of the peripheral On and Off pathways, the globally compromised synaptic efficacy could cause an imbalance in the responses of the On and Off pathways, resulting in the unexpected increase in power at f2.
Bottom-up approaches that focus on molecular mechanisms have considerably improved our understanding of anesthetic drugs and have identified a promising set of potential target sites (Franks, 2008; Garcia et al., 2010; Brown et al., 2011). On the other hand, it remains unclear how effects at the molecular level affect large-scale neuronal circuits. Instead, top-down approaches that focus on global effects are providing evidence that general anesthetics share a common end point in the reduction of interarea communication (Lee et al., 2013; Mashour, 2014; Sarasso et al., 2015). Using the metrics developed for characterizing these global effects (Casali et al., 2013; Lee et al., 2015) in conjunction with the genetic manipulations available in Drosophila is a promising direction. Studies that manipulate the state of the brain and external perturbations can be combined with signal-processing techniques and modeling to help us understand how anesthetic effects at the molecular level change the global state of the brain.
Acknowledgments: We thank Angelique C. Paulk for helpful discussion and assistance using the multielectrode preparation.
N.T. was funded by an Australian Research Council Future Fellowship (FT120100619) and the Discovery Project (Grant DP130100194). B.V.S. was funded by National Health and Medical Research Council Project APP1103923.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed.
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Reiff DF, Plett J, Mank M, Griesbeck O, Borst A (2010) Visualizing retinotopic half-wave rectified input to the motion detection circuitry of Drosophila. Nat Neurosci 13:973–978. doi:10.1038/nn.2595 pmid:20622873
Reisenman C, Haag J, Borst A (2003) Adaptation of response transients in fly motion vision. I: experiments. Vision Res 43:1293–1309. doi:10.1016/S0042-6989(03)00091-9
Sarasso S, Rosanova M, Casali AG, Casarotto S, Fecchio M, Boly M, Gosseries O, Tononi G, Laureys S, Massimini M (2014) Quantifying cortical EEG responses to TMS in (un)consciousness. Clin EEG Neurosci 45:40–49. doi:10.1177/1550059413513723 pmid:24403317
Sarasso S, Boly M, Napolitani M, Gosseries O, Charland-Verville V, Casarotto S, Rosanova M, Casali A, Brichant J-F, Boveroux P, Rex S, Tononi G, Laureys S, Massimini M (2015) Consciousness and complexity during unresponsiveness induced by propofol, xenon, and ketamine. Curr Biol 25:3099–3105. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2015.10.014 pmid:26752078
Supp GG, Siegel M, Hipp JF, Engel AK (2011) Cortical hypersynchrony predicts breakdown of sensory processing during loss of consciousness. Curr Biol 21:1988–1993. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2011.10.017 pmid:22100063
Truccolo WA, Ding M, Knuth KH, Nakamura R, Bressler SL (2002) Trial-to-trial variability of cortical evoked responses: implications for the analysis of functional connectivity. Clin Neurophysiol 113:206–226. pmid:11856626
van Swinderen B (2006) A succession of anesthetic endpoints in the Drosophila brain. J Neurobiol 66:1195–1211. doi:10.1002/neu.20300 pmid:16858694
van Swinderen B, Kottler B (2014) Explaining general anesthesia: a two step hypothesis linking sleep circuits and the synaptic release machinery. Bioessays 36:372–381. doi:10.1002/bies.201300154 pmid:24449137
Wang X, Chen Y, Ding M (2008) Estimating Granger causality after stimulus onset: a cautionary note. Neuroimage 41:767–776. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.03.025 pmid:18455441
Yekutieli D, Benjamini Y (1999) Resampling-based false discovery rate controlling multiple test procedures for correlated test statistics. J Stat Plan Inference 82:171–196. doi:10.1016/S0378-3758(99)00041-5
Zalucki OH, Menon H, Kottler B, Faville R, Day R (2015a) Syntaxin1A-mediated resistance and hypersensitivity to isoflurane in Drosophila melanogaster. Anesthesiology 122:1060–1074.
Zalucki OH, Day R, Kottler B, Karunanithi S, van Swinderen B (2015b) Behavioral and electrophysiological analysis of general anesthesia in 3 background strains of Drosophila melanogaster. Fly 9:7–15.
The decision was a result of the Reviewing Editor Gustavo Deco and the peer reviewers coming together and discussing their recommendations until a consensus was reached. A fact-based synthesis statement explaining their decision and outlining what is needed to prepare a revision is listed below. The following reviewers agreed to reveal their identity: Karin Nordström, Miguel Dasilva
Review 1:
The first para in the Introduction is too vague to be useful. For example, the sentence on lines 41-44, does not really say anything, but is then continued with "..to reconcile these varied observations..." Which varied observations are you referring to?
In general in the introduction it is very unclear what species you are referring to. I assume that the second paragraph refers to humans, but this is never specified. Since you are comparing flies with humans, it is paramount that you specify who you are talking about.
I am not convinced about your grouping of experiments into ipsilateral and contralateral, described in Figure 3a, as the stimuli are quite different (no stimuli on half the screen, vs different stimuli). The grouping may be perfectly sound, but needs to be justified, with data.
The main point (based on the title) of the paper is described on page 24, i.e. after many pages of reading. I think it is a bit of a shame that it takes so long to get to this, and that many busy readers may thus miss it. Is there any way to simplify figures 1-2 and the associated text (as these are mostly methods figures), so that readers do not give up before getting to the results?
Lines 552, 553 and 554 have superscript letters after 'period'. What do these mean?
The paragraph on lines 558-575 seems to belong under the next heading.
On line 624 you introduce biological non-linearities. All fly vision people are drilled in the knowledge that the visual system is full of non-linearities, so you might want to rephrase this not to annoy this audience.
Again on line 647, it is well established that the ON and OFF pathways are asymmetric (See any recent paper from the Reiser, Clandinin or Borst lab). If you do not want to annoy people from the fly vision community, rephrase.
Lines 671-674, your reasoning here is not very clear. Please clarify.
Additionally I do not understand why the f1 harmonic is so large in the periphery for contralateral stimulation (Figure 3b and 3c)? Could that be an effect of your definition into contralateral and ipsilateral, or how do you think this signal has traveled from the contralateral visual field to the medulla on the other side?
Figure 2a: blue on black does not print well at all. Can you modify?
Figure 2c, please include a scale bar for the y-axis.
Can you make figure 4b bigger, as it is an important control (you can make figure 4f smaller).
In my opining there are some concerns that should be explained by the authors:
1. The classification of flicker configurations as ipsilateral or contralateral to the insertion site seems controversial and would need further explanation. It would be most helpful to see that ipsilateral and bilateral stimulations at the same frequency do not show significant differences. In that regard, further explanation would be required on how trials where different tagging frequencies were used at both sites were classified as ipsi or contralateral. Proof of their similarity with those trials where one single frequency was presented at both sites would also be needed.
2. The authors claim that the second harmonic reflects more local processing, because f2 is stronger when the flicker is shown to the ipsilateral site. However, according to their classification of the different types of flickers, both ipsilateral-only and bilateral-at-the-same-frequency are included in this category. This, at least, should be discussed. Also, why do f2-ipsilateral and f1-contralateral (Figure 3b) have similar power?
3. Is the Chi-square test the best way to show significant differences in all cases? What I mean is that it is difficult to follow whether statistical significance accounts for one specific frequency or both. For example, in figure 3c, why is an ANOVA not used to show the differences between central and peripheral locations? Please, explain.
4. In terms of the minimal model to explain the effects of isoflurane on SSVEP power, all presented data refer to ipsilateral stimulation, could the model account for contralateral stimulation too? Did the authors consider testing experimentally the prediction that isoflurane changed the balance of the ON, OFF responses? Why not? This would need some explanation.
5. What is the reason for applying the minimal model based on SNRs? Can the authors justify from a physiology-related perspective the necessity of using this model in the same way they did for the previous one related to SSVEP power?
6. The authors claim that they distinguish between local and global effects of isoflurane. I wonder whether it would be more precise talking about central and peripheral effects. Could the authors, please justify the use of the former term?
7. In the discussion (line 824), the authors admit that "the broad-field flicker prevents us from precisely disentangling the relative contribution of each optic lobe to the LFP" Could the authors explain whether this represents a concern when establishing the difference between ipsi and contralateral stimulation in terms of the scope of the paper?
You are going to email the following Local Versus Global Effects of Isoflurane Anesthesia on Visual Processing in the Fly Brain
Dror Cohen, Oressia H. Zalucki, Bruno van Swinderen, Naotsugu Tsuchiya
eNeuro 13 July 2016, 3 (4) ENEURO.0116-16.2016; DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0116-16.2016
The effects of a TMS double perturbation to a cortical network
Response to the Commentary from Bevelacqua et.al.
Show more Cognition and Behavior
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Team Rockbridge is in Honduras
Rockbridge 7
Day 3: With an early rise and breakfast at 6:30 A.M. the Rockbridge Mountain Team departed the Alfredo House at 7:30 A.M. journeying towards our first village Plan de Encima. Plan de Encima was founded in 1940 and has a population of about 230 people made up of about 60 families. The bus ride took the team approximately an hour and forty five minutes. We were greeted by crowds of anxiously awaiting villagers who immediately showed their gratitude for our arrival. The villagers helped haul the supplies off the bus and we quickly set up the treatment and triage areas. Children giggled while playing with bubbles. Boys loved having mustaches drawn on their faces, and the little girls grinned while they chose their nail color and had their nails painted.
The clinic staff started the day by seeing a variety of conditions to include epilepsy, asthma, chest pain, sore throats, headache, musculoskeletal pain, dermatitis, acid reflux, parasites, and diarrhea. There was a true cohesive multidisplinary approach to the care of each patient. A total of 223 patients were seen in total. 178 were given vitamins, 94 patients received deworming treatment, 49 received fluoride treatments, 36 were seen in the Eye Clinic and, 24 were seen in Dental. There were 23 extractions, 15 referrals, and 3 sent to the Extended Care Program.
Once the last patient of the day was seen everything was packed back up into the bus and we began our trip home to the Alfredo House where we were again met by delicious food. Once the table was cleared the team played a few rounds of the dice game Left Right Center and Exploding Kittens.
st lukes
trinity umc
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Reading transfer news
Vito Mannone's surprising claim after his Reading FC departure
Reading transfer news includes the Italian goalkeeper airing his views after joining Minnesota United
Jonathan Low
Vito Mannone has made a surprising claim about Reading after his departure to America.
The Italian goalkeeper's exit was confirmed over the weekend as he signed a loan deal with Minnesota United for the rest of 2019.
The 30-year-old was one of a number of players to leave Royals over the past month with fellow first-team stars David Meyler, Marc McNulty, Tiago Ilori and Dave Edwards among those moved on.
Mannone has revealed the reason for their departures was down to financial issues and that without their exits, Reading 'possibly wouldn't survive' as a club.
Speaking about his departure to Minnesota newspaper The Star Tribune , Mannone said: "It was more a financial problem with the club.
"So they decided to make certain decisions and move on some players.
"Otherwise, the club possibly wouldn’t survive, and I was one of them.
"I’m just looking forward to the present and the future and I don’t look back, really."
Reading boss Jose Gomes admitted in January he was limited in his transfer business due to Financial Fair Play (FFP) restrictions.
Five players were brought in overall by the Portuguese but all were on loan and no permanent signings were made.
Vito Mannone (Image: Get Reading)
Mannone spent just a year and a half with Reading after being signed from Sunderland in July 2017 to replace Ali Al-Habsi.
He went on to make 47 appearances for Royals but lost his place this season to Sam Walker and Anssi Jaakkola, before being told by boss Jose Gomes to look for a new club in the January transfer window.
The former Arsenal and Hull City keeper says he is eager to get going in Major League Soccer (MLS), where he will be representing his new side, nicknamed The Loons, in the Western Conference.
"It’s a country I love and my family loves this country since the first time I came here," he said.
"That’s why we came here repeatedly. I’ve never been to Minneapolis.
"I’m very excited - very excited to know the city, know the club, know the fans and get going with football."
How Reading FC's relegation run in compares with Bolton, Rotherham, Ipswich, Millwall and Wigan
Mannone will be hoping to make his debut for Minnesota when they begin their season at the start of March against Vancouver Whitecaps.
But he admits he has to work hard for his spot and there are no guarantees he will be a regular starter.
"In football, nobody says anything," he said.
"You just need to deserve your chance. That’s what I’m aiming to do.
"Obviously, I want to play games. I came here to be successful, and hopefully with a new club looking forward to this season in the right way.
"Hopefully, we make the playoffs. That’s what we aim for."
Don't forget to keep an eye out on our social media pages for more Royals news .
Our Twitter page is @getreadingfc and we are also on Facebook: Reading FC - Get Reading .
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Follow @getreadingfc
Carabao CupCarabao Cup first round draw: The ball numbers as Charlton, Millwall, QPR and others enterThe Carabao Cup first round draw takes place today as 70 EFL clubs learn their fate
ChampionshipThe Carabao Cup first round draw, fixture release day & other key dates for EFL clubs in 2019/20The countdown is on for the 2019/20 season, with a number of key dates coming up for Charlton, Fulham, QPR and other EFL clubs
Premier LeagueWhen does the 2019/20 season start? Key dates for Premier League, EFL and European competitionsThe countdown to the 2019-20 season has begun
Premier LeagueThe rule changes that will affect Arsenal, Chelsea, Spurs and West Ham next seasonThe full list of rule changes coming into play in 2019/20 have been released and explained
Chelsea loaneesLeeds head coach Marcelo Bielsa makes decision over Chelsea loan ace ahead of Reading clashThe 22-year-old has made one Championship appearance for Leeds this season
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ForLawFirmsOnly.NET
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Can Lawyers and Judges Be Social Media Friends?
QUESTION: I’ve been practicing in my medium-size legal community for going on 20 years. During that time, I’ve watched technology advance my private practice by leaps and bounds, including client development via social media outlets. I embraced Facebook, Twitter and Instagram early on — and it’s paid off in my case.
As I’ve made new friends, in person and online, I’ve watched my social media presence grow. But now I find myself in a potential conundrum. One of my longtime social and professional friends was appointed this year as our newest local judge. We have been social media friends for years.
I haven’t appeared before her yet, but expect I will at some point. Are we obligated to “un-friend” and “unfollow” each other? Our children are friends, too, and participate in many activities together. We share photos online. It appears harmless. Yet I’m thinking it’s not worth the risk.
And, if we do remain online friends, would disclosure of the online connections prevent any perceptions of impropriety?
ANSWER: Are you obligated to remove all social media connections between the bar and bench? Maybe. Nevertheless, would disclosure solve the risks of perceived impropriety? Probably not. Let’s drill down to see how this issue has developed alongside technological changes.
The ethical conundrum exists for judges and lawyers connecting through social media, let alone communicating on those platforms. The ethical waters are still just as muddy as the various states’ opinions across the U.S. Many judges have made the decision to remain off of social media altogether — a “better safe than sorry” approach. But as social and technological changes progress, is such a disconnect realistic? Don’t the ethics rules for lawyers and judges already sufficiently address risks of impartiality, ex parte communication and other potential imbalances of justice?
Judges themselves don’t seem quite sure. In a 2014 Conference of Court Public Information Officers survey of 252 judges, 44.5 percent agreed that judges can use Facebook without ethics concerns, a drop of more than 5 percent from a 2013 survey. However, 27 percent said they disagreed with the statement and more than 28 percent were neutral.
What is clear is that legal professionals must exercise additional caution when it comes to social media use, if they are using social media at all.
Focus on the Public’s Perception
Under Rule 2.9(A) of the ABA Model Code of Judicial Conduct, “[a] judge shall not initiate, permit, or consider ex parte communications, or consider other communications made to the judge outside the presence of the parties or their lawyers, concerning a pending or impending matter.” The purpose of this rule, with limited exceptions, is to ensure that parties and counsel to matters may present their case free of procedural or tactical advantage, including the mere perception of such.
Likewise, Rule 1.2 reiterates this point in a broader sense (see Comment 3 to Rule 1.2, “the Rule is necessarily cast in general terms”) near the start of the Model Code: “A judge shall act at all times in a manner that promotes public confidence in the independence, integrity, and impartiality of the judiciary, and shall avoid impropriety and the appearance of impropriety” (emphasis added).
Additionally, with such social media connections and “friendships” must come great care when posting, tweeting, commenting and so on. As Rule 2.10(A) states, “[a] judge shall not make any public statement that might reasonably be expected to affect the outcome or impair the fairness of a matter pending or impending in any court, or make any nonpublic statement that might substantially interfere with a fair trial or hearing.”
Per Se Violation?
Let’s look at the wide-ranging approaches of jurisdictions regarding online connections between judges and lawyers, especially those appearing before the bench. States remain split over taking “friendships” into the social media context. Nonetheless, the concerns over ex parte communications and the appearance of impropriety make controlling private and public interactions a very delicate arena.
In general, there are two categories of standards for lawyer-judge social media connections:
Allowed, with caution and compliance with the rules
Not allowed or greatly restricted
These jurisdictions have allowed judges to participate in social media networking to some degree while complying with their Code of Judicial Conduct and other ethics standards:
Arizona (14-01)
Connecticut (2013-06)
Idaho (Code of Judicial Conduct Rule 3.1, Comment 5)
Kentucky (JE-119 (2010))
Maryland (2012-07)
Missouri (186 (2015))
New Mexico (Concerning Social Media (2016))
New York (08-176; 13-39)
Ohio (2010-7)
South Carolina ( 17-2009)
Tennessee (12-01)
Utah (12-01)
West Virginia (Code of Judicial Conduct Rule 3.1, Comment 6)
ABA (ABA Formal Opinion 462)
In Ohio, the Supreme Court’s Board of Commissioners on Grievances and Discipline wrote the following in its Opinion 2010-7:
“A judge may be a ‘friend’ on a social networking site with a lawyer who appears as counsel in a case before the judge. As with any other action a judge takes, a judge’s participation on a social networking site must be done carefully in order to comply with the ethical rules in the Ohio Code of Judicial Conduct.”
The oinion goes on to expressly mention the Canon Rules covered above, as well as the need for judges to disqualify themselves from a proceeding when the judge’s social networking relationship with a lawyer creates bias or prejudice (see Rule 2.11). This explanation generally summarizes the “qualified yes” answer followed by these states.
In contrast, some jurisdictions restrict the judiciary from participating in social media networking to a greater degree:
California (66 (2010))
Florida (2009-20; 2012-12; 2013-14)
Massachusetts (2011-6; 2016-01; 2016-08; 2016-09)
Oklahoma (2011-3)
In Florida, the Supreme Court’s Judicial Ethics Advisory Committee determined that judges could not be social media friends with attorneys who appear before them. The committee specifically noted that “social networking sites are broadly available for viewing on the internet. Thus, it is clear that many persons viewing the site will not be judges and will not be familiar with [the ethical rules] which seek to assure the judge’s impartiality.” The opinion goes on to say that the question becomes how might the connection be viewed as conveying an impression that someone is in a special position to influence the judge. And not only does disclosure of such a connection not cure this issue, it further brings it to light.
In a real-world example, this 2009 Florida opinion was found to be “instructive” to a Florida Appellate Court, which held that a trial judge presiding over a criminal case was required to recuse himself because the judge was Facebook friends with the prosecutor. See Domville v. State. The opinion points out that: “[a] mere ‘subjective fear[ ]’ of bias will not be legally sufficient; rather, the fear must be objectively reasonable,” citing Fischer v. Knuck. The unanimous court agreed that the criminal defendant’s alleged facts in his affidavit would create a well-founded fear in a reasonably prudent person of not receiving a fair and impartial trial due to the impression that the prosecutor’s Facebook friendship put that prosecutor in a special position to influence the judge.
Ever-Changing Landscape
The social media platforms of yesterday are not those of today, and certainly not tomorrow. New ways to connect with friends, family, colleagues, neighbors, leaders and influencers will evolve beyond today’s imagination. And as new networks arise, new questions will come of what we must do and what we should do.
As is the case with other technological changes, social media in and of itself does not create problems for lawyers and judges. The changes simply create new circumstances under which the legal profession is obligated to take due care. This duty is amplified by the very public, very accessible and very permanent nature of the social media world.
Yet, now and in the future, the same principles that apply in other public settings will apply in the virtual world.
LinkedIn229
Mark C. Palmer is Professionalism Counsel, Illinois Supreme Court Commission on Professionalism, where he promotes civility and delivers statewide professionalism programming, including its mentoring program, across Illinois to lawyers and law students with a dedication to justice and the rule of law. Mark blogs at 2Civility.org, the Commission on Professionalism’s website, and you can follow him at @2CivilityMP.
ABOUT THE ILLINOIS SUPREME COURT COMMISSION ON PROFESSIONALISM
The Commission on Professionalism was established by the Illinois Supreme Court in September 2005 to foster increased civility, professionalism and inclusiveness among lawyers and judges in the state of Illinois. By advancing the highest standards of conduct among lawyers, we work to better serve clients and society alike. These duties we uphold are defined under Supreme Court Rule 799(c). For more information, please visit 2Civility.org, the Illinois Supreme Court Commission on Professionalism’s website.
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Fiction Science Fiction Classics Romance Mystery Nonfiction Poetry Religion Historical Christian
English Indonesian German Italian Dutch Catalan; Valencian Spanish Malay Portuguese Turkish
Tibor Fischer Clifford D. Simak William Shakespeare Eloisa James Hans Keilson Fredric Brown Eric G. Wilson Kenneth Rexroth Murasaki Shikibu Christopher J.H. Wright
America has dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.But Japan has only begun to fight.
A terrible new weapon has been unleashed.
With their nation burned and shattered, Japanese fanatics set in motion a horrifying endgametheir aim: to take America down with them.In Robert Conroys brilliantly imagined epic tale of World War II, Emperor Hirohitos capitulation is hijacked by extremists and a weary United States is forced to invade Japan as a last step in a war that has already cost so many lives.
As Americas streets erupt in rioting, history will turn on the acts of a few key players from the fiery front lines to the halls of Washington to the shadowy realm of espionage, while a mortally wounded enemy becomes the greatest danger of all.Praise for Robert Conroy's 1901"Likely to please both military history and alternative history buffs .
skillfully crafted."-Oakland Press"Packed with action."-Detroit News
Read Online 1945
As the butterfly effect of history rimples away from the turning point, plausibility is raised until the South rises again to fight on Germany's behalf in WWI. The turning point is a military coup against Hirohito - it wouldn't have been the first time, cfr. The historical characters are spot on as well : I cannot speak for Truman and whether general Homma of the Bataan Death March is potrayed too humanely is a point of contention, but Douglas MacArthur reads as much as home invading the Home Islands as he was administering them. The fictional characters, as always, flavour history with human interest on both sides of the invasion. Sometime in the future, some scholar or military historian might want to find out more about the otherwise insignificant man who had struck..."
The history of WWII is so fascinating why would anyone want to read a "what if" book? There are several reasons why this is a 5 star read for me.....they are: +the author cleverly melds actual military leaders with fictitious ones in a seamless manner even though some of the Japanese war criminals, such as Homma of the infamous Bataan Death March, are given a rather different role.
I really feel like the editor said "It's alt-history, who cares if it's badly edited, these morons will read anything." So am I a moron for reading it? With a successful Kyujo Incident as his point of departure, Conroy spins a believeable history right up until his characters become a bit too involved.
Not only did he think of what would happen he made it work with real history, Robert Conroy is an impressive author who has shown that with this novel.
What if Japan hadn't surrendered in World War II? Japanese fanatics take control of the government when Emperor Hirohito tries to surrender after the two atomic bombs are dropped.
According to Conroy's book, had a key general -- General Anami-- decided to oppose the Emperor's decision & support a coup against him, Japan would have fought on with horrific results.
This is the question posed by Robert Conroy in his book 1945.
Many reports indicate that there were some in Japan's military who would have preferred to continue fighting, regardless of the cost. Robert Conroy's "1945," is an alternative history novel that speculates what might have happened had this attempted coup succeeded only hours after Japan had already announced her surrender. Conroy switches his point of view from chapter to chapter, so the reader can see the thought processes of Japanese and American generals, admirals, statesmen and political leaders, as well as those who were fighting on the front lines. I enjoyed it so much, in fact, that I have now started reading Conroy's "1942," which postulates what could have happened if the Japanese navy had launched another follow up attack on Pearl Harbor in December, 1941, further crippling America's armed forces in the Pacific.
By the time Conroy wrote this book, the myth of Hirohito as a peace-loving puppet of the Imperial Army had already been pretty decisively debunked.
A highly engrossing, fast-paced, and eminently readable alternate history novel about a nightmarish scenario in which Imperial Japan does *not* surrender subsequent to the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, thanks to a successful coup against Emperor Hirohito by obstinate Bushido-obsessed Japanese military officers.....thus necessitating an extremely bloody (for both sides) American land invasion of the Japanese home islands (starting at Kyushu). Author Robert Conroy skillfully blends real-world historical figures (Hirohito, MacArthur, Truman, Bradley, Halsey, Nimitz.) with fictitious ones (babyface 2T Paul Morrell, one-armed Japanese-American and former Army SGT turned OSS spy Joe Nomura). My only nitpick (besides the ones noted in my stream-of-consciousness notes below) is that while Conroy does the battle scenes quite well, his writing style doesn't quite convey the horrors of war in as horrific or nightmarish a fashion as that of a more well-known alternate history author, that being Harry Turtledove. RANDOM STREAM-OF-CONSCIOUSNESS NOTES: --p.
Robert Conroy was a best selling author of alternate history novels. After discovering that Kaiser Wilhelm had plans to invade the U.S., he wrote his first alternate history, 1901 in which the invasion took place.
Cold Granite...
DS Logan McRae and the police in Aberdeen hunt a child killer who stalks the frozen streets.
Four-year-old Davi...
Il lavoro culturale...
Un'Italia giovane e appassionata che si sarebbe poi lasciata incasellare in ben più consuete e metodiche sistemazioni...
The Gowk Storm...
A 'gowk storm' is an untimely fall of snow in early Spring - a fitting symbol for the anguished story that unfolds in...
My Forbidden Desire...
Alexandrine Marit is a witch in mortal danger.
An evil mage craves the powerful, mysterious talisman that suppl...
Crux...
Jackson Holt makes a decent living as a private investigator in New Orleans, home of one of the largest underground s...
Passion Play...
Ilse Zhalina is the daughter of one of Melneks more prominent merchants. She has lived most of her life surrounded by...
Publish Date: May 29th 2007 by Ballantine Books
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British and Brunswick Fatigue Work at Ticonderoga in 1777
Posted on July 13, 2016 June 21, 2019
At the onset of the 1777 campaign, General John Burgoyne put a heavy reliance on the artillery and engineers of the army. These two factions employed parties of men to expedite the works such as, building and repairing fortifications and roads. During a formal siege fatigue work is most important, as it facilitates the artillery’s motion. When the army landed at Crown Point on June 14th, Lieutenant Thomas Anbury, of the 29th Foot, recorded fatigue work in preparation for the siege.
the rest of the army are to be employed in forwarding the convoys and transports of provisions, removing artillery, and preparing fascines and other necessaries for artillery operations, and to commence the siege.
The Royal Artillery and Hesse-Kassel artillery attached to the wings of the army were supplied with tools necessary for building fortifications and roads. The procedure for drawing tools was briefly outlined in General Burgoyne’s orders on June 27th, “they are to apply to the Brigades of Artillery upon the Flanks, and return them as soon as the work is done. The greatest Attention must be had to the care of Tools, as the Regiments will be answerable for them.”
Lieutenant Hadden, of the Royal Artillery, recorded an inventory of tools in his journal on June 28th, as the army prepared to embark from Crown Point for its attack on Ticonderoga.
The following list of Intrenching Tools were attached to Capt. Borthwick’s & Pauche’s Brigades, [viz.]
No Each Weighing Total Weight, lbs
Spades 80 6 480
Shovels 20 8 160
Felling Axe’s 50 8 400
Pick-Axe’s 60 7 420
Hoes 20 7 140
Hand Bills 25 2 50
Hand Hatch’ts 25 2 50
Hand Barrows 5 18 90
Wheel Barrows 14 40 560
Sand Baggs 180 15/18 150
Upon arriving at camp to the north of Three-Mile Point, fatigue parties from regiments were employed in clearing land for roads. While not under the fire of the enemy, this process was not without its dangers; On July 1st Lieutenant Hadden noted in his journal, “One of the men stumbled over the small stumps in the new clear’d Road & broke three of his Ribs: I remark this to shew the necessaity of cutting the small bushes very close to the ground where men are to pass and repass in the night time.”
As the army approached Ticonderoga, they wasted no time in erecting fortifications, bridges and roads. In his journal on July 4th, Lieutenant Hadden described the road construction that paved the way for the American withdrawal:
The artificers were employed in repairing the Bridge at the Saw Mills burnt by the Enemy, and making a Road to the top of a high Mountain called Sugar Loaf Hill.
This work, accomplished under the guns of the American Great Redoubt on the old French Lines was continued the next day. On July 5th Hadden noted, “a working party of 400 men, order’d from the Right Wing in order to erect a Battery the next evening. These 400 men were in addition to regular fatigue parties; General Burgoyne ordered on the 5th “Exclusive of the working parties upon the Road, 400 men from the Right Wing are to be kept fresh for working under the Chief Engineer tomorrow at Sunset.” This somewhat secret working party sent up Sugar Loaf Hill, facilitated the final stroke in the siege, forcing the Americans to retreat from Ticonderoga and Mount Independence.
Once Ticonderoga was taken on July 6th, the Prinz Friedrich Regimentand 62nd Foot guarded Ticonderoga as the main army moved on. The garrison employed American tools and stores for fatigue work. Correspondence for the 47th Regiment of Foot included accounts of tools taken at Ticonderoga including, “great quantities of Military stores of every determination, intrenching tools, &c, &c, &c.” These tools not only used by British and Brunswick fatigue parties, but also in the hands of American prisoners. Two hundred prisoners of war captured during the American retreat and the Battle of Hubbarton made their way back to Ticonderoga and were used as labor. A 62nd Foot orderly book entry from July 12th explained the procedure for employing prisoners:
The Prisoners are not to be taken out to work on that side without the knowledge of the Capt. For the day and then a certain proportion to be left at home to cook for the rest—
The prisoners spent most of their time repairing roads and moving artillery and stores. Lieutenant Hadden notes on July 29th “The Road is tolerably level, and where it wanted repairs the Rebel Prisoners were employed being furnished with Tools and working under a Guard: We had about Two hundred of them confined in a Barn, and those who were not wanted either for the above purpose or Removing Guns & stores, amused themselves in beating Hemp.”
While prisoners spent most of the summer of 1777 repairing roads, British and Brunswick soldiers were employed in the construction of fortifications and buildings. Records and journals rarely mentioned details of this work, a short note from Ensign von Hille of the Prinz Freidrich Regiment during the retreat from Ticonderoga on November 8th listed much of the work of the past several months:
With the reveille shot, all the newly built blockhouses, huts, barracks, magazines etc. were set afire, also the large communication bridge between Mt. Indep and Ticonderoga as well as the small one toward the portage of Lake George.
As cold weather approached at the end of October, Brunswick soldiers took measures to create makeshift housing. Ensign von Hille wrote on October 22nd “Our men built huts out of boards to protect themselves from cold weather.” These rapidly built huts may have been framed structures or they may simply have been simple boards laid over a central ridge beam or even over existing tents like those pictured in the 1788 book Was ist jedem Officier wahrend eines Feldzugs zu wissen nothig. Mit zehen Kupferplatten.
With all the works at Ticonderoga and Mount Independence held by two regiments, resources and man power were stretched thin. On September 18th, Colonel John Brown of Massachusetts succeed in freeing American prisoners of war and captured four companies of the 53rd Foot, leaving an even smaller labor force. Canadian workmen, who were employed loading and unloading boats, carts and wagons at the landings, fled at the start of Brown’s Raid as well, leaving the garrison’s manpower further depleted. During the five day siege laid by Colonel Brown, British and Brunswick soldiers were stretched to their limit. This state of affairs was described by Ensign von Hille on October 22nd, the day before Colonel Brown retreated from Ticonderoga.
For the past few weeks the service and the work were so demanding that even on Sundays not a single man was in the camp during the day and the men had to cook their salted meat at night.
To fuel this work and keep the fatigue party’s spirits high, commanders allocated rum rations to the working parties. On June 29th, Lieutenant Hadden noted he, “allowed Rum in common with other fatigue Parties.” Not only were British and Brunswick soldiers supplied with a rum ration u pon order of fatigue, but so were the prisoners of war.
While Burgoyne and the main army pushed past Ticonderoga, a support force had to remain behind. Those two regiments left behind were under strength, yet expected to maintain to fortifications, buildings, bridges, roads, and stores that were built by an American army of 10,000 in 1776. The mundane tasks of the fatigue parties were the backbone of the communication and supply at Ticonderoga. Working against all odds, the post was not only maintained, but additions were made throughout the summer into fall of 1777. However, all the hours of labor and back breaking work were destroyed as Ensign von Hille described on November 8th, “the artillery corp was last,” setting everything ablaze and “Fort Ticond. Blew up high into the air…”
Posted in Life Long Learning
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Indian Armymen to become Super Soldiers? May soon use Exoskeleton Technology; here’s everything about next gen Exo-suits
By: Huma Siddiqui |
Updated: September 2, 2019 3:26:30 PM
According to experts, India is already incurring expenditure on upgrading wearable gear on each soldier to meet the ever-changing combat environment challenges, but there is a limitation up to which equipment can be fitted onto a soldier’s body.
Exoskeletons are gadgets worn as a harness by a soldier to augment his strength. (File Photo)
For the 21st century soldiers who are on the battlefield, being networked for C4I capabilities is very critical. The soldier is now moving with advanced helmets, radios, nigh vision goggles, body armour, which adds to the weight which fatigues him.
Globally, countries like the US and Russia are looking at Exoskeleton Technology for their soldiers as this help soldiers wear over their uniform which is battery operated.
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Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)’s Defence Bioengineering and Electro-medical Laboratory (DEBEL) has been for some time collating data for Simulation and Analysis of Musco-skeletal parts, like lower limb simulation (while the soldier is standing), etc. The private sector companies too are doing R&D for the Exo-suit design for the Indian soldier, which will be customised according to the different environmental challenges.
Exoskeletons are gadgets worn as a harness by a soldier to augment his strength. These body gadgets are fitted with powered special devices and Artificial Intelligence (AI) to enhance the capability of a soldier. A soldier rigged with an exoskeleton, also called Exo-suit, is capable of faster movements and possesses the extra load-bearing capability.
Since the Exo-suit technology is still evolving world over and prototype tests are underway, Make in India may be the only way ahead since such niche’ technologies may not be readily shared by an advance nation any time soon.
What is Exo-suit?
Exo-suit’s limb actuator devices and sensors design is based on study and analysis of human Musco-skeletal impact, measured during the soldier’s interaction with the external environment. Each of the muscle’s micro-motion is measured for its correlated moment on the joints, so that a similar smooth response from the Exo-suit can be obtained, explains Artificial Intelligence & C4I expert Milind Kulshreshtha.
Read| Pakistan’s info-war post-Article 370 revocation: Here’s what experts say on information operations as a form of warfare
These Exo-suits have composite material structure with sensors and controllers interlinked in a feedback control loop via an intelligent processor. For Military applications, an Exo-suit rigged up on a soldier is expected to enhance the soldier’s additional load carrying capacity by 100kg for a minimum of 8 hours of operational time and 3-5 hours of battery backup, he adds.
According to the AI expert, with Indian troops actively deployed in extreme places like Siachen, cold/hot desert regions to a high humidity place like North East region, the Environmental specs of the Exo-suit are especially demanding. For e.g. equipment storage temperature parameter shall range from approx. minus 50 deg to +70 deg Celsius. Further, in order to deny any use of captured Exo-suits by adversaries, a high grade ‘lock’ pass code mechanism shall be required.
Exo-suits are a dual-use technology with high relevance in the Medical field, where these are referred to as Robotic Exoskeleton. This allows paraplegics to walk again and is the rehabilitation tool for people with serious injuries (like a spinal cord injury), Kulshreshtha adds. Additionally, “Exo-suit improves metabolic and cardiovascular function in patients so as to overcome multiple medical issues like respiratory problems and osteoporosis, majorly caused due to non-functioning body condition. And, also assists paralysed patients with sports injuries to walk, move and provide them with the much needed emotional support for overcoming depression. Even in Military domain, these medical benefits of Exo-suits can help soldiers with severe disabilities to live a close to normal life.
Indian Armymen to become Super Soldiers? May soon use Exoskeleton Technology here’s everything about next gen Exo-suits
1Indian Army chief General Bipin Rawat reviews preparedness of forces in Kashmir Valley
2DRG head constable injured in IED blast by Naxals in Chhattisgarh
3US gets space warfare command, Donald Trump says it’s key to country’s defence
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Watch: Sun Worshiper Comedy Short 'Bronzed' Directed by Mike Egan
Source: Vimeo
"Now you just soak up the sun here, Sheryl Crowe." There's nothing like a dark comedy to lighten up the mood, right? Bronzed is a short film straight out of the SXSW Film Festival earlier this month, from the Midnight category. Written and directed by Mike Egan, the short stars fellow filmmaker Linas Phillips, with Johnny Pemberton. What is it about? Neo-sun worshiper Martin prepares to appease the solar Gods with ritual human sacrifice. But first he needs a spray tan. This is another one of those super wacky, WTF dark comedy short films that is totally twisted but amusing, and a bit wacky but humorous. And it's worth a watch. Executive produced by David Gordon Green. Shorts are a great way for filmmakers to experiment and play with fun ideas, showing us just how silly and twisted and weird they can be, all for our amusement.
Thanks to Short of the Week for the tip on this one. Original description from Vimeo: "Neo-sun worshiper Martin prepares to appease the solar Gods with ritual human sacrifice. But first he needs a spray tan…" Bronzed is written & directed by filmmaker Mike Egan - you can see more of his work (mostly for writing) on Vimeo. Produced by Chris Capretto. Featuring cinematography by Bobby Bukowski, and original music by Seth Olinsky. This just premiered at the SXSW Film Festival in the Midnight section this month. "There's a tension running through the film which puts the audience on edge, and though the story is farcical, this uneasiness is omnipresent as we witness how wild things get when this basic understanding is broken." For more info on the short, visit SOTW or stop by the film's official site. For more shorts, click here. Thoughts?
Find more posts: Comedy, Short Film, To Watch
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Nim's Island
Wendy Orr wrote her very first draft of Nim's Island at age nine. An action-packed sequel, Nim at Sea, brings Nim to an even bigger island, when the intrepid island girl stows away on a cruise ship bound for Manhattan. Wendy Orr is also the author of Peeling the Onion, an ALA Best Book for Young Adults.
Orr (Peeling the Onion) blithely throws credibility to the wind and inventively tweaks coincidence to create a fantasy tale as welcome as a breath of fresh tropical air. Ever since her mother died when Nim was a baby, the girl and Jack, her scientist father, have lived on a remote island. When Jack sails off on a three-day trip to collect plankton, Nim stays behind with her three best friends: a sea lion, a marine iguana and a green sea turtle. But a storm disables Jack's boat, and Nim remains alone for a full two weeks, in contact with her father only through notes delivered by a frigate bird. As the author describes the girl's daily routine of foraging for food, doing chores and playing with her pals, she neatly slips into her narrative slivers of information about the tropical habitat (e.g., Chica the sea turtle returns each year to lay her eggs on Nim's island, where Chica was hatched). A story within a story emerges as Nim strikes up an e-mail correspondence with an author who begins writing an adventure novel set on an island that looks exactly like Nim's. With ample doses of suspense and comedy, and a pleasingly sappy happily-ever-after ending, the tale portrays the improbable so cleverly that readers will want to believe everything about the likable Nim and her idyllic isle. Pen-and-ink drawings that resemble Quentin Blake's bring these enchanting characters and setting to life. Ages 9-12. (Mar.) Copyright 2001 Cahners Business Information.
Gr 2-5-Nim lives on the most beautiful island in the world (its location is a closely guarded secret) with a marine iguana, a sea lion, and her scientist dad, Jack. When he goes off to explore the world of plankton, the child occupies herself with typical Swiss Family Robinson-like chores and keeping her dad's batteries charged so she can check his e-mail on the laptop computer. When his boat becomes disabled, Nim's link to humanity becomes Alex Rover, the author of the novel she's reading, who has e-mailed Jack with some scientific questions. They correspond frequently, Nim giving Alex advice on building a raft out of coconuts, and Alex uncannily picturing spots on the island in her current book. A violent storm and volcanic eruption toward the end result in Nim saving the day, and the three characters set up life together on their paradise. And all of this occurs amid a clever plan to divert evil tourists from ever finding the island. If readers can suspend belief long enough to accept this plot, they will have a great time with this modern survival/adventure story. Children will love this unshakable, strong female character and the zany things that happen to her. They'll also enjoy the way adults seem to bungle everything. There are plenty of sketches to add visuals to this wild tale, which never loses its momentum. Teachers can springboard many geographic or scientific studies off this novel as they read it aloud, but kids can just enjoy the fun.-Debbie Whitbeck, West Ottawa Public Schools, Holland, MI Copyright 2001 Cahners Business Information.
"There is real humor and a gentle magic in Nim's Island which will easily make it a favorite for children--and their parents! One not to miss." -- Cairns Post (Australia)
Home » Books » Children's » Fiction » Humorous Stories
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Nims Island Books
Nim's Island Books
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Best Crossbows for Hunting
CenterPoint Sniper 370
Barnett Compound Crossbow
How to Pick a Great Hunting Crossbow
Looking for the best crossbow for hunting? A crossbow can be a fun and practical investment for anyone who loves to shoot or hunt. But finding the best crossbow to buy can be a daunting task. So we put together this list of the top ten crossbows on the market. Before we jump to the crossbow reviews, here are a few key things to look for when shopping.
Velocity: The velocity is measured in feet per second or FPS. This number is determined by max draw weight, draw length, and the release method. This number will give you a good idea of how fast the bow’s bolts will fly.
Draw Weight: This spec is all about speed. The heavier the draw weight, the straighter and faster your arrow will go when shot. Compound crossbows tend to have a higher draw weight than recurve crossbows.
System: Is it a compound or recurve crossbow? Compound bows usually utilize levering systems to up draw weight and make for faster shots. Recurve bows are the simpler, but they are usually also a bit louder when firing.
Colors: What colors does the bow come in? Some will be camouflaged for hunting, while more decorative bows might be painted brighter colors. The best hunting crossbows will be camouflaged to help keep you hidden.
Scope: Does it come with a scope? Some crossbows come as a package, giving you everything you need to get started. Some bows let you pick your own sights or scopes instead of coming as a bundle.
Warranty: Make sure your bow is covered! Buying a bow can be difficult, but having a warranty on your investment will give you a little more peace of mind. A good crossbow will come with the warranty to back it up.
Ready to see the best crossbow brands? All right, let’s do this! Below you’ll find our recommended top pick and budget pick. Both of them are fantastic products. If you want even more options, the top 10 crossbow reviews below will guide you. Happy hunting!
The CenterPoint Sniper 370 is the compound crossbow of your dreams. It has an amazing draw weight of 185 pounds and can fire a bolt at 370 feet per second. It features some cool integrated string tech that makes your shot as quiet as possible. It makes the CenterPoint, in our opinion, the best crossbow for deer hunting (and any other hunting). It features an illuminated scope that will help to make those shots even more accurate. The Sniper 370 is built of machined aluminum, making it light and still sturdy. We love that the tactical stock and forearm are completely adjustable. But one of our favorite parts is the amazing 5-year warranty. Who doesn’t love a great warranty for an awesome product?
Want the best crossbow for the money? It’s hard to pass up an amazing product for a great price, and the Barnett Compound Crossbow is definitely both of those. We already loved Barnett for some of its other products and decided to take a look at their crossbows too. With a draw weight of 130 pounds, the Barnett fires at 300 feet per second. It’s fast, sleek, powerful, and inexpensive. This crossbow is built for smaller-framed enthusiasts but is great for anyone who loves the sport. This amazing deal also comes with a five-year warranty. The Barnett comes with a quiver, three arrows, a compact red-dot sight, and a cocking device. Hard to beat a great deal on the best affordable crossbow and all of these amazing extras!
SA Sports Empire Beowulf
The SA Sports Empire Beowulf shoots at a stunning 360 feet per second with 175-pound draw weight. This amazing crossbow is made in the US. It’s very light; the stock is built from lightweight synthetic material that is strong and durable. All in all, the crossbow weighs only about ten pounds. It comes with a scope, but it is not the best quality. If the scope had been a little better, this crossbow might have been our top pick! But you don’t buy a crossbow for the accessories; you buy it for power, accurate shots, and dependability. And the SA has all of these! So if you’re looking for the best compound crossbow, make sure to give this one a try.
Carbon Express X-Force
Looking for the whole shebang? Here’s the best value crossbow package we could find. And what a deal it is! The super light, 7-pound crossbow shoots at 315 feet per second with over 90 pounds of kinetic energy. It’s incredibly accurate to 60 yards. The SilenTech coating on the strings make them as silent as possible when firing. It also has an anti-dry-firing technology integrated to help prevent damage to your bow. And it’s fully customizable. But that isn’t the best part. It also comes with some pretty sweet accessories, including three 20" PileDriver Bolts and a 4x32 scope. If you are in the market for a sweet bow with some amazing accessories, then make sure to check out the Carbon Express X-Force!
Wicked Ridge Invader G3
Want a good crossbow that is lighter than air? The Wicked Ridge Invader G3 weighs in a mere 6.6 lbs, which makes it the lightest Wicked Ridge crossbow on the market. It’s one of the lightest crossbows we’ve ever seen. So if you want the best crossbow on the market that weighs next to nothing, then you’ll want to check out this one. It won the Outdoor Life Great Buy Award, and for good reason. The Wicked’s self-retracting ACU-52 rope-cocking system reduces draw weight while still maintaining accuracy. And it’s safe too! The bow is designed to keep your fingers out of harm's way while also helping to prevent dangerous dry firing. We love this bow for its superior performance that isn’t changed by how little it weighs. This is a great bow for nearly anyone, no matter their frame or level of experience.
Southern Crossbow Revolt 370
If you want power, the Southern Crossbow Revolt 370 has power! With 185 pounds of draw weight, this camouflage crossbow fires at up to 370 feet per second, making it one of the fastest crossbows on this list. The Revolt also features a reinforced stock made of composite material, an aluminum rise, and fiberglass split limbs making it lightweight (just 8 pounds!) and durable. The scope included with the Revolt is a 4x32 scope built for crossbows. It will make firing at 60 yards much more accurate. This sweet crossbow also features an integrated hand guard, safety glasses, and an anti-dry-firing mechanism to keep you as safe when firing. We also love that the Revolt is easy to assemble and comes with fantastic instructions to get you started. Even if you’ve never shot a crossbow before, Southern Crossbow will show you how!
Barnett Outdoors Ghost
If there is one thing we love about Barnett products, it’s their devotion to safety. The Ghost, just like all of the other Barnett crossbows, features a great 5-1 safety and trigger system and anti-dry-fire tech. It’s also very lightweight because of their Carbon Lite Riser system that shaves whole pounds off of the weight. While it is a little louder than some of the other bows, we found that it makes up for that in speed, precision, and deadly accuracy. You’ll also get the 5-year Barnett warranty, which covers any manufacturing or workmanship defects. This crossbow is a little more expensive than some of the others on this list, but we couldn’t resist including it. Barnett makes some great products, and this one is no exception!
Arrow Precision Inferno Fury
Our first recurve on this list! If you are just mad about recurve crossbows and their rugged simplicity, the Arrow Precision Inferno Fury is the one for you. We found that this recurve is the best crossbow for deer hunting because of its lightweight body and easy action. While the bolts in a recurve won’t fire with the speed of a compound crossbow, the Inferno Fury more than makes up with its other attributes. The camo pattern covers nearly the entire thing, making it less likely you’ll be spotted by your deer. This crossbow makes an excellent gift for anyone who is trying to get into crossbow hunting; it comes ready to rock with four 16” quality bolts, a quiver, a free extra string, and a three-dot sight to get you started. So if you’re looking to try something new, check out the Inferno Fury. You’ll see why it’s so popular with its customers.
Killer Instinct KI350 Crossbow
The Killer Instinct KI350 is a crossbow with a lot of amazing features. Its sleek, solid black body is attractive. It comes with a quality, blue/green Rheostat multi-reticle scope, three crossbow bolts, a quiver, and string suppressors. At only 6.5 pounds, it’s amazing light. We love the silent grip that keeps every shot as quiet as possible. That makes it an amazing bow for hunting! However, it’s not the impressive power or the lightweight design of the Killer Instinct KI350 that makes it so enticing. Oh no, it’s the lifetime warranty! We love a great product that is backed for a lifetime; you know that this bow is well-made and ready for just about anything.
Prophecy Pistol Crossbow
Want something that’s a little more fun? The Prophecy Pistol Crossbow has you covered! The pistol grip on the crossbow and self-cocking mechanism makes shooting fast, simple, and fun. This pistol crossbow is a break action, semi-automatic weapon that is always ready. While you probably can’t down a deer with this baby, it works great for small game and fun target practice. It even features a quality, tactical red-dot scope to help you land more shots even at a distance. There’s a reason the Prophecy is highly rated; it’s compact, light, fast, and it’s an absolute blast. If you’re in the market for a pistol crossbow, you can’t go wrong with Prophecy Pistol Crossbow!
Other Hunting Reviews
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Fundraising Code
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Safer giving of Zakat during Ramadan
By Ebadur Rahman, MuslimGiving
Ramadan begins on 5 May this year. It’s a time to practice self-restraint, tolerance and patience. But it’s also a very generous time, with many Muslims choosing Ramadan as the time to calculate and pay their Zakat.
Charitable donations by Muslims across the world is estimated to be over £1 trillion per year in Zakat alone. Such generosity means following the principles of safer giving is vital to making sure Zakat goes to those who truly need it.
Importance of Zakat
Zakat is a religious obligation for Muslims, and one of the five pillars of Islam. We pay Zakat to ‘purify’ our wealth. It’s an obligatory act, which means all Muslims must pay Zakat if they meet certain conditions. Zakat is calculated based on the total savings of each Muslim during one lunar (Islamic) year, and should equal 2.5% of a person's wealth.
To pay Zakat, each Muslim must possess a minimum “Zakatable” amount of wealth, at the beginning and the end of their one lunar year. Items like gold, silver, paper currency held in cash or in their bank account, crops and herded animals are all considered when calculating Zakat.
Give safely during Ramadan
As the Holy Qur’an says, money from Zakat must only go to specific causes, such a helping the poor. If we’re not careful, money we think is being collected for Zakat might be going to the wrong places. To make sure it’s collected properly you can:
Check the charity you’re donating to. If collecting in England and Wales, are they registered with the Charity Commission? Check the Commission’s Register of Charities to see if the charity is registered. You can also check if it’s signed up to high fundraising standards, by checking the Fundraising Regulator’s Directory to see if it’s listed.
Check who is collecting your Zakat. Are they collecting on behalf of the charity, or do they work for an independent fundraising company? Speak to the charity they are collecting for, to check they’re legitimate. If they’re collecting on the street, they should wear an ID badge to prove they’re genuine. If the collector is at your mosque, speak to the Imam about who they’re collecting for and whether they’ve checked the charity is legitimate.
Check how your Zakat has been used. The charity should be able to tell you how the money or goods were used. Ask for information, such as impact reports, that show your Zakat was used for the right cause.
Is a fundraising platform involved? If so, see what kind of checks they do before listing charities on their website. At MuslimGiving, we only accept charities registered in the UK. Money raised is only sent to charity bank accounts after due diligence is done and the charity has been verified by our payment processors.
The reward for obligatory acts are multiplied in Ramadan, so Muslims are the most generous during this time. Zakat is collected in many different ways, whether in cash or through a fundraising platform. Whatever the method, it’s worth taking time to check all is well before you donate.
For more information on how to give safely, take a look at guidance from the Fundraising Regulator. You can also find information about donating to charity via MuslimGiving on our website: www.muslimgiving.org
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Revealed: The mega-rich couple who married at Gloucester Cathedral and ruined abbey
Villagers took a pictures from the pavement as the happy couple went into the reception
Janet HughesSenior Digital Reporter
Ooooh, he looks so familiar but annoyingly we can’t put a name to this face. Can you?
For this is the mystery groom and his bride who wed in a multi-million pound wedding at Gloucester Cathedral.
A villager captured the newly wed Mr and Mrs as they arrived at Tintern Abbey which had been transformed for a magnificent reception with glass roof and chandeliers.
The happy couple pose at Tintern Abbey
Onlookers who saw them arrive by road from the Cathedral said the bride looked every inch the Russian supermodel she is rumoured to be in her unusual gown with transparent top and feathered sleeves.
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They said her high cheekbones, designer dress and elegant stature all pointed to her being top model as she arrived at the ruins of the Cistercian abbey in the Wye Valley to dine beneath the stars.
All agreed the conservatively dressed, good-looking groom with the Hugh Grant quiff looked very familiar but were not sure why.
The groom looks handsome with a Hugh Grant quiff
Who were the mega-rich couple who married in Gloucester Cathedral and transformed ancient abbey ruins for the reception
Rumour has it that he is a wealthy art dealer or a financier from London, which might explain how the glamorous couple could afford to spend a small fortune on their nuptials.
Although one of them must have a connection to Gloucester Cathedral to get married there, staff are still refusing to reveal the identities off the couple who closed off the East End to visitors between 2 and 4pm on Saturday September 16.
They say the couple did not need to publish the Banns because they got married by special license.
The last rays of the autumn sun bring out the orange and yellow in the leaves of the trees which carpet the Wye Valley around Tintern Abbey, (Image: SWNS)
Stars from Coronation Street, EastEnders and Four Weddings and a Funeral are coming to Gloucestershire
Staff at Tintern Abbey say they were not told the the identities of the pair who are thought to have arrived in he county by private jet and called in set designers to spend a week dressing the ancient ruins of the ancient structure for their reception.
All anybody knows for certain is that they or their family have plenty of money because the wedding was said to have cost anything from £1.8 million to £5.5 million.
The pictures also confirm that it wasn’t Gloucestershire-based divorcee Damien Hirst and girlfriend Katie Keight getting married, or any of the other wealthy, celebrity couples rumoured to have taken over two of the West’s most famous landmarks for their big day.
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Looking at the pictures, any big reveal is more likely to be seen in the pages of Tatler or Vogue rather than OK or Hello.
But it would be great if GloucestershireLive readers could help us solve the mystery gripping the county.
Notice for the closure of the cathedral
If you recognise the couple or have any suggestions please email daniel.chipperfield@localworld.co.uk
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Paul Erdunast
Former Cambridge LLM and Oxford Classics student. Previously worked for Just for Kids Law, Hackney Community Law Centre and the AIRE Centre. Looking forward to starting pupillage in October 2019.
Simple Archive View
Satisfying the Immigration Rules enough for Article 8 success
The test for an Article 8 claim to stay in the UK within the Immigration Rules is whether there are “insurmountable obstacles” to continuing family life outside the UK. But even if an applicant does pass this test, there is a further hurdl ...
1st June 2018 By Paul Erdunast
Certification of accidental human rights claim upheld
The Court of Appeal in R (Joshi) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2018] EWCA Civ 1108 has decided that a claim is a human rights claim if in substance, regardless of form, it is a human rights claim. Ms Joshi had applied to extend her ...
24th May 2018 By Paul Erdunast
Asylum can be refused for general promotion of terrorism
The Court of Appeal in Youssef v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2018] EWCA Civ 933 decided that the appellant was disqualified from refugee status because he had incited terrorist acts in general. There was no requirement for there to ...
Why making Muslim detainees pray next to toilets was discrimination
On 1 February 2018, the High Court decided that the Home Secretary had discriminated against two Muslim men as a result of conditions at Brook House Immigration Removal Centre. For the immediate reaction to this case, this news piece by the BBC is wor ...
20th February 2018 By Paul Erdunast
British migrants trying to keep EU citizenship get Court of Justice hearing
Around 1.3 million British citizens are currently settled in other EU member states, but do not have citizenship of those countries. Just like EU citizens living in the UK, they can do this by relying on free movement rights granted by the EU. Speakin ...
8th February 2018 By Paul Erdunast
Supreme Court rejects a right to non-contributory benefits for Zambrano carers
In R (HC) v Secretary of State for Work and Pensions [2017] UKSC 73 the Supreme Court decided that Zambrano carers are not eligible for non-contributory benefits which have a “right to reside” test. The benefits affected by the decision ...
17th November 2017 By Paul Erdunast
High Court: potential homelessness not a justification for detention
The High Court in R (MS) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2017] EWHC 2797 (Admin) has found that in circumstances where a person would have no option but to stay on the streets after release from detention, the Home Office has a duty ...
Man in immigration detention for 45 months loses judicial review
Taskiran v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2017] EWHC 2679 (Admin) is a sad case. A web of domestic immigration law and international agreements have resulted in Mr Taskiran undergoing almost four years of immigration detention, which the ...
7th November 2017 By Paul Erdunast
Host state handles the asylum claim if Dublin III transfer takes too long
Majid Shiri, an Iranian national, arrived in Austria through Bulgaria in 2015. He made an asylum claim in Bulgaria in February of that year but claimed asylum in Austria the following month. The Austrian authorities asked Bulgaria to take Mr Shiri bac ...
1st November 2017 By Paul Erdunast
Call for evidence on ‘Right to Rent’ scheme
David Bolt, the Independent Chief Inspector of Borders and Immigration, is inspecting the Right to Rent measures in the 2014 and 2016 Immigration Acts. These require landlords to check the immigration status of prospective tenants before renting them ...
24th October 2017 By Paul Erdunast
European Court of Human Rights condemns Spain for collectively deporting migrants
In ND & NT v Spain, the European Court of Human Rights decided that the expulsion of two sub-Saharan migrants from a set of barriers surrounding the Spanish territory of Melilla breached their rights under Article 4 of Protocol 4 ECHR (prohibition ...
CJEU on registration certificates and exclusion orders: implications for practice
Ovidiu-Mihaita Petrea emigrated from Romania to Greece, ready to build a new life there. However, he made a big mistake: he committed robbery and was sentenced by a Greek criminal court in 2011. The case is C-184/16 Ovidiu-Mihăiţă Petrea ...
5th October 2017 By Paul Erdunast
Upper Tribunal slams First-tier in complex benefits appeal
“Oh dear. Oh dear. Oh dear.” This was the introductory paragraph of Upper Tribunal Judge Wikeley in AF v SSWP (DLA) (No.2) [2017] UKUT 366 (AAC). When a judge expresses himself in this manner – and when the Secretary of State for Wo ...
29th September 2017 By Paul Erdunast
Hostile environment: banks forced to check 70 million accounts
Banks and building societies are to carry out immigration checks on a reported 70 million bank accounts in accordance with the Immigration Act 2016, amending the Immigration Act 2014. The provision ordering this will come into force on 30 October 20 ...
Has the Home Office set up a team to deal with high profile immigration cases?
Brian White, abandoned as a baby, lived in a Zimbabwean orphanage until the age of six. He was fostered, and later adopted, by the White family in Wolverhampton. He came to the UK to join the family when he was 15, at which point he should have been g ...
Serge Aurier and visas for footballers after Brexit
What are the immigration rules for footballers from outside the EU? And what rules will apply to footballer transfers from abroad after Brexit? Here we look at the immigration aspects of football transfers using the recent successful but fraught tran ...
7th September 2017 By Paul Erdunast
Systematic abuse found at Brook House Immigration Removal Centre
The latest of what seems a neverending series reports of abuse of detainees in immigration removal centres has come to light. BBC Panorama took undercover footage at Brook House and uncovered the following, amongst other evidence of chaos and incompet ...
How not to support a victim of human trafficking: a demonstration by the Home Office in R (FT) v SSHD
The Upper Tribunal overturned several decisions concerning the grant of Discretionary Leave to Remain to a victim of human trafficking in FT, R (on the application of) v the Secretary of State for the Home Department [2017] UKUT 331(IAC). The backg ...
29th August 2017 By Paul Erdunast
Latest immigration statistics published: EU exodus confirmed
The latest quarterly immigration statistics have been published. The headline is that net migration for the year ending March 2017 has reduced by almost a quarter, to 246,000 down from 327,000 in the year ending March 2016. The overall figure represen ...
Court of Appeal reiterates effect of orders in the family courts on deportation decisions
The Court of Appeal in GD (Ghana) [2017] EWCA Civ 1126 explained once again what effect residence orders granted by a Family Court have on immigration matters, and criticised both representatives in the First-Tier Tribunal for failing to put the rele ...
8th August 2017 By Paul Erdunast
New Refugee Action report slams inadequate, creaking asylum support system
After more than a decade since Limbuela, and three years after Refugee Action, Home Office policy continues to drive asylum seekers into destitution. The Refugee Action report, Slipping Through the Cracks, candidly outlines these failings of the asylu ...
12th July 2017 By Paul Erdunast
Independent Monitoring Board release critical report on charter flight removals
The Independent Monitoring Board (IMB) has published its annual review of the treatment of returnees during charter flights. It reported four headline concerns: firstly, that force and restraint had been used without due checks and for too long; secon ...
Blocking detainees’ access to legal advice websites probably breaches Article 10 ECHR
Free Movement has reported twice on immigration removal centres (IRCs) blocking access to websites informing detainees of their legal rights. HM Chief Inspector of Prisons criticised Haslar IRC two years ago for having the websites of Bail for Immigr ...
13th December 2016 By Paul Erdunast
No in-country right of appeal for two men accused of having their English tests taken by a proxy
Evidence had come to light that ETS tests in the case of these two men may have been taken by a proxy. Therefore their leave to remain in the UK was curtailed. The Court of Appeal agreed with the Home Office, quashing the decisions of the Upper Tribun ...
Section 3C does not apply to EU law residence applications
The question before us is whether a person who at one stage was the spouse of an EEA citizen with a right of abode in the United Kingdom but no longer has that status and right is to be treated as having leave either under the Immigration Act 1971 or ...
Certification of Albanian asylum claims as clearly unfounded overturned by Court of Appeal
Certification of Albanian asylum claims as clearly unfounded were in this case overturned by the Court of Appeal. Much turns on the individual circumstances of the case. An important point of law is on the threshold for certifying an asylum claim ...
Refusal to investigate trafficking claim did not breach ECHR
The Competent Authority, the Home Office body which deals with human trafficking claims, did not, in refusing to investigate a claim, breach the procedural obligations of Article 4 ECHR, the Court of Appeal ruled. The Respondent claimed to have been t ...
Seven year rule for children must be satisfied at date of application
This family life case highlights the important point that the ‘7-year rule‘ – that young people under 18 must have lived in the UK for at least 7 years – must be satisfied at the date of application. It is not sufficient that ...
3rd August 2016 By Paul Erdunast
The Let Us Learn Campaign
Imagine being told that everything you thought you knew as truth was an absolute lie. Imagine starting a journey with your peer group and then unexpectedly being ripped away from the same path. Imagine feeling as if no one understands your pain, your ...
Serial criminal to be deported despite impact on his children
If you attempt to murder someone with a gun, and after release from prison for attempted murder (a sentence of over four years), are caught again with a loaded gun and imprisoned, do not be surprised that only the most exceptional circumstances will s ...
Visitor deceived authorities by failing to disclose relationship on entry
Another case here that serves as a warning against attempting to arrive on a visitor visa to marry an EU national while not telling the Immigration Officer that this is in fact your reason for entering the UK. Despite “some 500 pages” of e ...
Torture, independent evidence, immigration detention and Rule 35
Two cases regarding evidence of torture, decided on different grounds. The uniting feature is some guidance regarding Rule 35 reports of torture by doctors. Where a Rule 35 report of torture is nothing but a restatement of the Appellant’s accoun ...
Should an application for judicial review be stayed while the decision maker reconsiders?
Paragraph 1: The situation in the present case raises again the question of whether it is appropriate to stay an application for judicial review when the defendant public authority has agreed to reconsider the decision in point, from scratch, with ...
Specific assurances not needed for 3rd country removal of families to Italy
Another Dublin / 3rd country removal case. Now that Italy has made general assurances to their EU partners that families will be accommodated together in appropriate conditions that do not breach Article 3, following the judgment in Tarakhel v Switz ...
5th July 2016 By Paul Erdunast
Luqman Onikosi: how can a deserving healthcare case navigate a minefield of adverse case law?
Much has been said by this blog over the years about the cruel effects of the decision in N v UK. Rarely though has the human cost been so clearly displayed than in the ongoing case of Luqman Onikosi. He came to the UK as a healthy young man to stud ...
5th May 2016 By Paul Erdunast
Annual Report of Tribunals highlights urgent areas for improvement
The Annual Report of the tribunal system has been published. The review of the First-tier Tribunal Immigration and Asylum Chamber review starts at page 74. The First-tier report tells of long waits caused by fluctuations in caseload, a long-term chang ...
9th March 2016 By Paul Erdunast
Secret Evidence in Immigration Tribunal Hearings: R (on the Application of ILPA) v Tribunal Procedure Committee and Lord Chancellor
Open justice is one of the most crucial features of a free state. In weighing up individual cases, courts have sometimes decided that open justice shoud give way to other, equally necessary, ideals. For instance, national security won the day in the ...
ICI Inspection on Amman Visa Section: improvements made but same old problems remain
Improvements have been made to the quality of decisions and to record-keeping in the Home Office’s Visa Section in Jordan. However, the decision makers regularly failed to take supporting evidence adequately into account, and, in a fifth of ca ...
Dover Immigration Removal Centre to close
Dover Immigration Removal Centre has served as home to many of its inhabitants for months or even years. It has received damning reports due to its prison-like conditions and long periods of detention. On 15th October the Home Office finally announced ...
23rd October 2015 By Paul Erdunast
Part 6 of the Immigration Bill
The second reading of the Immigration Bill in the House of Commons is today. We have seen how even more appeals will be out of country under its regime, and the greater powers given to immigration officers under Part 3. Part 6 – including Schedules ...
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Home/American Shipper/Rep. Jefferson’s ?tonnage tax? makes final cut of tax bill
Rep. Jefferson’s ?tonnage tax? makes final cut of tax bill
American Shipper Staff Wednesday, June 16, 2004
Rep. JeffersonÆs ætonnage taxÆ makes final cut of tax bill
U.S. Rep. William J. Jefferson, D-La., said the House Ways and Means Committee earlier this week included his proposed 'tonnage tax' in the final version of a corporate tax bill due for a vote by the full House of Representatives this Friday.
The proposal provides tax breaks for mariners in Louisiana and across the country, and its 'tonnage tax' will especially benefit U.S.-flag vessel owners, such as Central Gulf Lines and Waterman Steamship Corp.
Under current law, U.S. shipping companies that own the 89 American-flag vessels in international trade are subject to significantly higher taxes than foreign-based companies.
Jefferson's provision allows companies to elect a U.S. tax regime based on the tonnage of a taxpayer's U.S.-flag fleet, in lieu of regular income tax.
'This is one of the most important pieces of maritime legislation that this country has seen in many decades,' said Erik Johnsen, chairman of International Shipholding Corp., the parent company of Waterman, in New Orleans.
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Swinging London: A Lifestyle Revolution / Terence Conran – Mary Quant
By admin on 05/09/2018 in Past Exhibitions
Exhibition Dates: 8 February – 2 June 2019
Swinging London: A Lifestyle Revolution will present the fashion, design and art of the Chelsea Set; a group of radical young architects, designers, photographers and artists who were redefining the concept of youth and challenging the established order in 1950s London. At the forefront of this group of young revolutionaries were Mary Quant and Terence Conran.
Swinging London: A Lifestyle Revolution will span the period from 1952 – 1977 and will present fashion, textiles, furniture, lighting, homewares, ceramics and ephemera in an exhibition that explores not only the style but the socioeconomic importance of this transformative period of time. Key pieces include rare and early examples of designs by Conran and Quant, plus the avant-garde artists, designers and intellectuals who worked alongside them, such as designers Bernard and Laura Ashley, sculptor Eduardo Paolozzi and artist and photographer Nigel Henderson.
Images taken from Conran/Quant: Swinging London: A Lifestyle Revolution, published by ACC Art Books.
Image (left): Terence Conran photographed by Michael Wickham at his first exhibition, ‘Ideas and Objects for the Home’, held at Simpsons of Piccadilly in 1952. Photo by Michael Wickham. Copyright Denny Wickham. Image (right): Mary Quant by Vic Singh, c.1961. Courtesy of a Private Collection.
Cecil Beaton: Thirty from the 30s | Fashion, Film and Fantasy
Norman Hartnell – A Tribute
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You are here: Home > News
News from April 2013
Updated: Evolution Mining Ltd
Evolution Mining is a solid mid tier producer. They have five producing mines in Australia and will produce 385,000 oz in 2013. They have low cash costs ($600 per oz in 2012) and strong cash flow. They need to improve their balance sheet with $44 million... more
Updated: Silver Bear Resources Plc
Silver Bear Resources has a large (125,000 acres) late stage project in Russia. Their Mangazeisky project is a 60 million oz resource of extremely high grade silver (350 gpt). And this property has very good exploration potential (18 mile corridor of... more
Updated: Oroco Resource Corp.
Oroco Resources is another case study of why investing in gold mining stocks is so risky. They had an advanced project called Cerro Prieto that was on the verge of getting financed and developed into production. It was a 500,000 resource (M&I .7 gpt)... more
Takeover Trend of Near Term Producers
I analyzed two stocks today - Oroco Resources and Cerro Resources - that continued a trend. Both of these companies had very similar stories. They were both near term producers with very advanced projects. Once the projects were de-risked, larger companies came in and made offers. Goldgroup mining bought the Oroco Resources project for $18 million in cash ($38 per oz M&I). But it has exploration potential, so they are paying much less. Shareholders had an easy 5 bagger if it went into... more
Updated: Majestic Gold Corp
Majestic Gold is an emerging mid-tier producer. They should reach full production of 105,000 oz (they get 75%) in about 18 months. Their Song Jiagou flagship project in China is a very low cost mine ($400 per oz) and will produce high cash flow of more... more
Silver versus Gold Inventory
There is about 150,000 tons of gold above ground, and at least 5x that amount in silver. But those totals are irrelevant. What is relevant is what you can purchase. About half of the gold total is in jewelry and artwork. The amount that is recycled and re-enters the market as bullion and coins on an annual basis is negligible for the total gold supply for sale. So the gold inventory is about 75,000 tons (gold and bullion) and it is rising at very small rate of about 2,000 tons per year.... more
Updated: Mundoro Capital Inc.
Mundoro Capital is a new project generator with 9 properties in Mexico on 500,000 acres and another 8 properties in Serbia and Bulgaria. All of their properties are early exploration and they have significant plans to drill. They have $17 million in... more
Updated: Minnova Corp
Auriga Gold is a possible near-term producer. Auriga wants to begin production in 2013 of their Puffy Mine on their Maverick property (5,000 acres) in Manitoba. However, in their March 2013 MDA, they are looking for a JV partner or to sell the project.... more
Auriga Gold Update
I originally issued a news release stating that this is a 5 rated stock, along with a youtube analysis (which I subsequently deleted). I have reduced their rating from 3.5 to 3. I was fooled by their company presentation, which implied they had a loan for $23 million and were proceeding with constructing mind and beginning production in 2013. However, this presentation was from October. Subsequently, in November they issued their last news release (that should have been a big red flag) that... more
Auriga Gold is a near term producer and extremely undervalued. In fact, it is the only stock that I currently have rated as a 5. Auriga is scheduled to begin production of their Puffy Mine on their Maverick property (5,000 acres) in Manitoba. It is only... more
Updated: St. Augustine Gold & Copper Ltd
St. Augustine Gold & Copper has a very large project in the Philippines. Even when reducing resources and future cash flow to represent their 60% ownership (and 80% recovery rate), this is a potential 20 bagger. They will receive potential cash flow of... more
Updated: Silver Predator Corp
Silver Predator Corp. is a new company, but they are already close to production. They are going to release a pre-feasibility study in Q4 2013 on their 100% owned Taylor mine. It is a 20 million oz (80 gpt) past producing surface mine. My guess is the... more
Updated: Silver Range Resources Ltd
Silver Range Resources is a new spinout from Strategic Metals. They are going to help Strategic Metals explore some of their properties. The first big project is Silver Range, a district size property (100,000 acres) with 24 known areas of silver... more
Updated: Robex Resources Inc.
Robex Resources has an excellent property called Nampala (1.5 million oz at .7 gpt and growing). The problem is the location: Mali. Are investors going to invest in Mali when they have a major political situation in northern Mali, where the city of... more
Updated: Independence Gold Corp
Independence Gold is new project generator. They have 27 projects, which are all early exploration and only a few are being explored. It is too soon to invest, but it might be a company to watch. If the Yukon becomes a large mining district they might be... more
Updated: Evrim Resources Corp
Evrim Resources is a new project generator. They obtained 8 early exploration projects in Mexico from Kiska Metals for a stake in the company. They have 3 JVs with Inmet and Valle, but they are early exploration copper projects. This is a new company... more
Updated: Nicola Mining Inc
Huldra Silver is a small producer in Canada of approximately 600,000 oz. It is very high grade (10 opt) and very low cost (because of zinc and lead offsets). They should be able to ramp up to 1 million oz, and perhaps 1.5 million oz. But it is currently... more
Updated: Spanish Mountain Gold Ltd
Spanish Mountain is highly undervalued. They are forecasting 200,000 ounces of production at their Canadian mine and they have a fully diluted market cap of $31 million. Their future reserves are valued at $6 per oz. Even if they give away half of the... more
Thailand out of gold?
April 6th Thailand runs out of gold! Could this be another domino falling after Cyprus? Last month it was a bank in the Netherlands (ABN Amro) that stopped delivering gold to their customers. http://silverdoctors.com/dutch-bank-abn-amro-halts-physical-gold-delivery http://silverdoctors.com/gold-run-there-is-not-one-single-ounce-of-gold-available-for-sale-in-bangkok/ Hi Doc, I live in Thailand and 100% invested in PM. Today when I walked by a Gold-shop here in Bangkok, there... more
Updated: Corvus Gold Inc
Corvus Gold is a new company, only three years old. It was spun off by International Tower Hill Mines. They have two promising JVs in Alaska where they own 45% to 49% as an equity partner. But those are just a plus. The real value of Corvus is their... more
Updated: Eastmain Resources Inc
Eastmain Resources is a project generator. All of their 14 projects are in mine friendly Quebec and Ontario, Canada. They have two high grade gold projects that look promising, plus many other projects to drill, and a lot of cash. Their flagship... more
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Gossipganj.com/en - Bollywood News | Hollywood Movies | Movie Review | Songs | Celebrity | TV News
Yvonne Nelson says she lost her virginity not long ago
By Gossipganj Reporter Last updated Nov 18, 2019
Share TwitterPinterestWhatsAppLinkedinFacebookInstagram
Yvonne Nelson says she lost her virginity in 2017. The actress who dated Nigerian singer, Iyanya in 2012, says she lost her virginity not long ago.
This comes as a surprise to many who believe the actress has been in several relationships in the past for her to only break her virginity in 2017.
In a Question and Answer session with some fans on Twitter, the Ghanaian actress revealed that she lost her virginity on February 14 (Valentine’s Day) 2017. Yvonne also disclosed that her type of man must be hardworking, funny, cute, honest and intelligent.
The award-winning actress Yvonne Nelson had her basic and Junior High School (JHS) St. Martin De Porres School in Accra. She later moved to Aggrey Memorial Senior High School to have her secondary education.
Actress Yvonne Nelson gets trolled on social media
Yvonne Nelson disclosed business Mogul wanted to sleep with…
In 2010, she established the Yvonne Nelson Glaucoma Foundation, which she uses to create awareness about chronic disease that is killing people on a daily basis. Her charity is making waves by helping and supporting individuals, particularly, the less privileged and physical-challenged in society.
In 2007, Yvonne Nelson got her first major movie role in the famous ‘Princess Tyra’ movie. She has also featured in various African movies like ‘Crime to Christ’, ‘To Love and To Cherish’, ‘Golden Adventure’, ‘Girls Connection’ and ‘The Return of Beyonce’ among others.
On October 29, 2017, Nelson gave birth to her beautiful daughter, Ryn Roberts with Jamie Roberts who is a British photographer. Over the weekend Sarkodie joined legendary rapper Obrafour to perform at the Pae Mu ka @20 Concert at the Accra International Conference Centre (AICC).
MC for the event, KOD, came on stage after spotting Shatta Wale enjoying himself at the event and invited him to join Sarkodie – a move to broker peace between the two beefing musicians. Sarkodie who was beaming with smiles appeared ready to end the beef with Shatta Wale on stage but it appears Wale was not ready for that.
Stay tuned with Gossipganj for latest updates and don’t forget to share this article with your friendsand follow us on twitter
Tanishaa Mukerji raises temperature with sultry photoshoot
Suresh Ganesha most optimistic name in fashion industry
Shabana Azmi Injured After Her SUV Rams Truck On Mumbai-Pune…
Elli AvrRam feels that her time has come
Mandana Karimi topless photo will make you mad
Nude Model who raised $1 million for Australia relief…
Chrissy Teigen Shuts Down Nip Slip Assumptions On Cleavage
Princess Shyngle says You can’t just sleep with me one time…
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COMMENTARY | Transportation & Infrastructure
Homeownership’s Hidden Debt
First-time buyers aren’t just acquiring property. They’re taking on a jurisdiction’s financial liabilities.
By Nicole Gelinas | Columnist
An analyst and writer on urban issues
It’s no secret that younger Americans are not buying homes in the numbers previous generations did. These days, only 35 percent of households headed by people under the age of 35 own their houses or apartments, compared to 40 percent just 20 years ago. It’s easy (and valid) to say that younger people are put off by their lack of accumulated wealth. But even if the under-40s were flush with cash, they would have another good reason to avoid buying property in some of the country’s most densely populated areas: They also would be purchasing decades’ worth of pension and other long-term liabilities related to government workers.
Millennials face obvious financial hurdles in making six-figure purchases. They are less wealthy than their baby-boomer counterparts were at the same age. According to the Pew Research Center, millennials’ median net household worth in 2016 was $12,500 -- 40 percent less, in inflation-adjusted dollars, than the $20,700 that represented boomers’ wealth in the early 1980s.
But even if millennials had ample earnings to save and invest, they still would have to pause before making investments in the nation’s highest-valued property markets.Consider the broadly defined New York City area, including Connecticut and New Jersey. According to Zillow, the median listing price for a home in Connecticut as of this May was $329,900. In New Jersey, it was $339,000. In Westchester County, N.Y., a popular bedroom community just north of New York City, it was $699,000.
How Federal Tax Reform Has Impacted Real Estate What Are Cities Spending Big On? Increasingly, It's Debt. With Some Homeownership Incentives Gone, Will More Americans Actually Rent? The Downsides of Property Tax Caps California City Disputes High Debt Burden Audit by State
Those are serious investments, even if the purchase price were the only cost of homeownership. But in buying a house and the land it sits on, the purchaser is also taking on a share of the jurisdiction’s future liabilities.
Let’s consider Connecticut first. Ranked by household income, it’s the fifth-richest state. Yet Connecticut’s wealth has not helped it come close to adequately funding its future liability for public-employee pensions. Connecticut owes $37.5 billion on that score, plus another $22 billion for public-sector retiree health care. That works out to $42,500 for each of the state’s 1.4 million households. That’s not money for future investments that return value, such as infrastructure; it’s money that should have been collected from past taxpayers. Instead, the debt has been pushed to the future. It should by rights be deducted from today’s home values.
New Jersey’s households are looking at an even bigger bill for that state’s unfunded public-sector retirement liabilities: $52,500. And it’s by no means an East Coast-only phenomenon: Californians are on the hook for $19,100 per household. Unfunded retirement obligations exist across much of the country; Pew estimates that state governments alone owe $2.1 trillion, an average of $17,300 per household.
Would-be property owners should consider that state and local governments could levy a combination of higher property, income and sales taxes sufficient to attempt to make good on these obligations. But renters subject to crushing income and sales taxes could simply move away -- leaving property owners with the bill, or with lower property values reflecting the clearer understanding of that liability.
Alternatively, states and localities could begin to pare back current spending to fund these obligations, or in extreme cases even begin to default on them. That would precipitate far inferior government services, such as education and health care, and infrastructure, such as transit and roads. And it would likely produce public-employee unrest in the form of protests and lawsuits against benefit cuts.
In any event, it’s hard to blame millennials from holding back on purchasing property. After all, they would not just be buying saleable, appreciating assets, as the baby boomers once did. Rather, they’d be buying the massive liabilities that the boomers are leaving behind.
Nicole Gelinas | Columnist | nicolegeli@hotmail.com | @NicoleGelinas
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More women are cycling, and more are dying. It reflects an urban failure.
Does Your City Have a Delivery-Truck Policy? It Should.
Booming e-commerce is congesting streets.
A Remedy for Urban Dullness
How can you build a great place? Expand the number of people who own it.
What YIMBYs Get Wrong About Housing
Building anything anywhere is a short-sighted approach to fixing the affordability crisis.
In Infrastructure, Embrace the Unforeseen
We often use it in ways not intended. Most of the time, that’s a good thing.
Are Dockless Bikes Doomed to Fail?
Many of the startups have pulled out of cities in the past year.
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https://www.greenwichtime.com/local/article/Greenwich-blanks-Warde-to-reach-FCIAC-semifinals-199196.php
Greenwich blanks Warde to reach FCIAC semifinals
Mike Levitt, Correspondent
Published 10:32 pm EDT, Saturday, October 30, 2010
Greenwich High goalie Taylor Bucklin makes a save during the Cardinals' 2-0 win over Warde in the FCIAC quarterfinals on Saturday, Oct. 30, 2010.
Photo: Contributed Photo
GREENWICH -- The best thing about playoffs is it gives teams an opportunity to correct mistakes committed against the same opponent earlier in the season.
Two weeks ago the Greenwich girls' soccer team tied Fairflied Warde, giving up two goals on mistakes by the defense. In practice leading up to the rematch, Greenwich head coach Danny Simpson had his team working on dealing with a Warde attack that utilized balls over the top of defense and crosses into the box.
The detailed preparation worked to perfection as No. 2 Greenwich limited the chances of the seventh-seeded Mustangs, cruising into the FCIAC semifinals with a 2-0 win on Saturday morning.
Greenwich will face No. 6 Staples -- a 4-1 upset winner over No. 3 New Canaan Saturday -- in Monday's 5 p.m. semifinal at Wilton High's Lilly Field.
The Cardinals got goals from substitutes Alex DiStefano and Naomi Leeds to carry them to victory.
"It was a good win today and takes us to 15 games unbeaten," Simpson said. "We played shutout football and didn't give them a sniff. Taylor (Bucklin, Greenwich's sophomore goalkeeper) did a fantastic job as well as the rest of the defense. We corrected our mistakes from last time and limited their ability to get into crossing position. With our team it's up to them to choose the result and they chose to win today."
Roundup: Greenwich field hockey beats Warde in OT
High school football roundup: Grate powers Platt Tech to victory
Greenwich football whallops Danbury
In the early going, it appeared that the midfield battle between Greenwich's Maddie More and Izzy Mackell against Warde's Keegan Thimons and Kat Young would be the story of the day. Both center-midfield pairings are extremely technical and do an excellent job linking their team's attack with the defense, spraying balls to forwards all over the field.
But in the first quarter-hour Thimons was knocked from the game with a head injury and the dynamic changed.
"I think we played well and got a great effort from a number of players, especially Kat in the midfield, but losing a player of Keegan's caliber was tough," Warde head coach Tom Cunningham said. "Megan Overby stepped into the role very well and Kat maintained her level, but the loss hurt us."
Greenwich hopped on the board in the 18th minute on the counter attack after one of Warde's rare forays into the Cardinal penalty box. Bucklin, who on a number of occasions disrupted the Warde attack with aggressive play off her line, did just that to collect a cross. She quickly played a long punt to DiStefano, who was playing in her first game after missing two weeks with and injury. Greenwich's co-captain outworked the Warde defender on her back, sprang free towards goal, and from 10 yards out popped the ball over the oncoming keeper.
"We talked about playing a long punt the first chance she got," DiStefano said. "It was one of my first plays after coming in and I knew I had to capitalize on any opportunity to score in a game like this."
Though DiStefano usually starts, Simpson limited her playing time, erring on the side of caution. For all the talk of star forwards Shannon Colligan and Meghan Hayden, it was two substitutes that made the difference Saturday.
"It's refreshing make a difference off the bench, but it could have been anybody on the bench, not just me," DiStefano said. "Our subs are at the same level of our starters which shows our consistency throughout the team."
Greenwich added an insurance goal in the 65th minute when Leeds headed home a free-kick from the right side delivered by Emily Melick. Simpson knew that his team's second goal was crucial because minutes earlier Warde missed a golden opportunity to equalize when Taylor Bargmann's in-swinging free-kick from the right side was headed narrowly wide by Emily Pullen.
"That last goal was really important for us," Simpson said.
"We hadn't scored too many goals off corners and free kicks and Naomi, a sophomore, got her head on it with the keeper coming out. At 1-0 they had belief, at 2-0 we shut the door."
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https://www.greenwichtime.com/news/article/Painful-expenses-could-be-avoided-with-2977.php
'Painful' expenses could be avoided with leadership
Painful' expenses could be avoided
I agree with Selectman Lin Lavery's assessment that the $1.37 million spent so far defending the town against legal actions by town police officers is a "painful number."
Selectman Lavery was also quoted as saying she has "faith in the town attorney." As one of the organizers of the North Mianus Sewer Appeal, I believe that our town leaders have too much faith and too little control over how the town attorney spends our tax dollars on legal expenses.
The North Mianus Sewer Oversight Committee was in discussions with town officials last summer attempting to find common ground regarding our appeal. Apparently without consulting with town officials, the town attorney requested a meeting with our counsel simultaneous to those discussions. In that meeting the town attorney indicated that he thought we should drop the appeal. Remember that the town at the direction of its legal counsel tried to have our appeal dismissed on technicalities. This was after town officials told us to appeal our grievances in court rather than finding a solution outside the legal system.
I bring this up because I suspect many of the town's "painful" legal expenses, which we all pay for as taxpayers, could be avoided if our elected officials would address issues in a direct and professional manner rather than handing them off to high-cost attorneys.
We recently received a 43-page "Request for Submissions" from the town regarding our sewer appeal. This rather lengthy and likely costly document, which in my opinion is filled with inaccuracies, accomplishes nothing more than wasting taxpayer dollars and the dollars of the sewer appeal plaintiffs who are obliged to respond.
Based on my limited (and noted not completely objective) interaction with the town on legal matters, I agree that the town has "painful" legal expenses. In my opinion this is because the officials who find them "painful" have not taken a leadership role in attempting to find workable solutions outside the court system. This is especially true in situations like the North Mianus Sewer Appeal where the plaintiffs are property owners in and taxpayers of the town who sought a solution outside of the courts.
Michael J. Petrucelli
Developer calls $1 jury award a great victory
New Milford mayor to hold press conference about strike
Judge orders town to pay up
Monroe OKs appraisal contract
Ethics hearing bogs down
The writer is a North Mianus Sewer Oversight Committee member.
On Sunday July 26, Team Greenwich Police completed a three-day, 270-mile bicycle ride from Boston to White Plains called the Tri State Trek, to raise awareness and funds to find a cure for ALS (Lou Gehrig's disease).
It is with the greatest appreciation that I would like to publicly thank the following riders who participated: Lt. Richard Cochran, Det. Christy Girard, Det. Timothy Powell, Police Officer Denis O'Donnell, Police Officer Robert Ferretti, Joseph Profaci, Megan Kelly, Dermot Flynn, Kimberly Isztwan and Melissa Sipos. These riders battled a tough course, inclement weather, fatigue and injury, and for this I will be forever grateful.
I witnessed the athletic side of them, but more importantly, their passion, dedication and drive to be great people. I would also like to extend my gratitude to my colleagues at the Greenwich Police Department, the town of Greenwich, and the local businesses who helped make this a success, and the crowd of people who came to John Street to show their much needed support to all of the tired riders.
Even though Team Greenwich Police rode with my name on their shirts, I am only one of the few local faces to this disease. Their participation will benefit all of the people and families affected by this disease, and all of those unfortunate enough to be diagnosed with this in the future. I am extremely proud of them, and lucky to have spent the weekend with such a great group.
Roger A. Petrone Jr.
The writer is a sergeant in the Greenwich Police Department.
I'm all for the new health plan proposed by the president under the condition his family is enrolled in it and all the congressmen and senators also enroll in the plan. I think they should test market this new health plan for the first year and than propose it to the citizens of this country.
Sal Buchetto
Greenwich Time welcomes letters from its readers expressing all points of view. Unsigned letters are not published. Letters must include a home address and home and business telephone numbers for verification of each person who has signed. Those of 350 words or fewer are given preference and are subject to editing for length. While we cannot acknowledge letters that are not published, we do appreciate the interest of all who write. Letters may be e-mailed to us at: letters.greenwichtime@scni.com. Or write to us at: Letters to the editor, 1455 E. Putnam Ave., Greenwich, Conn. 06870.
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>U.S. Cabinet Members - Postmaster General
>Warren G. Magnuson - HFSID 305016
WARREN G. MAGNUSON - FIRST DAY COVER SIGNED - HFSID 305016
WARREN G. MAGNUSON The U.S. Senator from Washington signs a First Day Cover commemorating the 100th Anniversary of Washington Territory. First Day Cover signed: "Warren G Magnuson", 6½x3¾.
WARREN G. MAGNUSON
The U.S. Senator from Washington signs a First Day Cover commemorating the 100th Anniversary of Washington Territory.
First Day Cover signed: "Warren G Magnuson", 6½x3¾. First Day Cover commemorating the 100th Anniversary of Washington Territory, 1853-1953, postmarked Olympia, Washington, March 2, 1953, 3-cent U.S. stamp affixed, FIRST DAY OF ISSUE. Warren G. Magnuson (1905-1989), a Democrat, was first sent to congress by the people of Washington in 1937. After serving as Representative he was elected to the United States Senate as a Democrat from Washington in 1944 and served until 1981, becoming the most senior member of that body. Magnuson was instrumental in keeping supertankers out of the Puget Sound by attaching an amendment to a routine funding reauthorization bill. Lightly creased. Pencil notes (unknown hand) on verso (no show through). Otherwise, fine condition.
WARREN G. MAGNUSON - TYPED LETTER SIGNED 06/14/1949 - HFSID 225362
WARREN G. MAGNUSON - AUTOGRAPHED INSCRIBED PHOTOGRAPH - HFSID 315715
WARREN G. MAGNUSON - AUTOGRAPHED INSCRIBED PHOTOGRAPH - HFSID 34604
WARREN G. MAGNUSON - AUTOGRAPHED SIGNED PHOTOGRAPH - HFSID 34605
WARREN G. MAGNUSON - AUTOGRAPH - HFSID 71055
PRESIDENT JAMES E. "JIMMY" CARTER - FIRST DAY COVER SIGNED WITH CO-SIGNERS - HFSID 88093
PRESIDENT RONALD REAGAN - FIRST DAY COVER SIGNED WITH CO-SIGNERS - HFSID 4013
PRESIDENT GEORGE H.W. BUSH - FIRST DAY COVER SIGNED WITH CO-SIGNERS - HFSID 46612
PRESIDENT GERALD R. FORD - FIRST DAY COVER SIGNED - HFSID 148255
RICHARD DURBIN - FIRST DAY COVER SIGNED - HFSID 267115
HORACE R. KORNEGAY - FIRST DAY COVER SIGNED - HFSID 70989
RALPH J. BUNCHE - FIRST DAY COVER SIGNED - HFSID 321472
FRANCIS EUGENE WORLEY - FIRST DAY COVER SIGNED - HFSID 71589
FLORENCE P. DWYER - FIRST DAY COVER SIGNED - HFSID 70640
GOVERNOR ROBERT E. SMYLIE - FIRST DAY COVER SIGNED - HFSID 71438
U.S. Cabinet Members - Postmaster General
Contracts / Documents (4)
Typescripts (1)
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Home » Five pharmacy automation trends
Five pharmacy automation trends
New technologies improve operations and reduce costs
Kevin Milliorn, Pharm.D
This management system provides real-time inventory data, tracks usage and optimizes inventory levels.
Image courtesy of Omnicell Inc.
In the era of value-based purchasing and HCAHPS, the fundamental issue that hospitals face is how to stretch their resources to improve outcomes and the patient experience while containing and ultimately reducing costs.
Pharmacy automation is helping hospitals to improve patient outcomes and reduce expenses for the hospital over the long term.
By bringing automation into the hospital environment, the pharmacy staff are unleashed from the task of counting pills in the hospital basement, and their professional expertise can be repurposed so they can contribute to clinical and service-oriented operations.
Technology changes in pharmacy automation are rapidly transforming the functions of pharmacy from the old-style, cart-fill operation and dispensing drugs from the pharmacy to a new, highly efficient model. As hospitals adopt the following smart technologies, they are saving time and space, and increasing their functionality and revenue stream.
1. Flexible configurations in a smaller footprint. Because few hospitals are new enough for their floors to be designed to accommodate pharmacy automation, new dispensing cabinets now are being designed around existing hospital floor plans for efficient use of space. As automation vendors have become more flexible with their designs, it is easier for hospitals to be more creative when locating automation cabinet placement.
The biggest change in pharmacy automation in the past 10 years is that drug-dispensing cabinets have become more efficient and customizable, with high-
capacity drawers that can be combined in a wide array of configurations to accommodate a facility’s unique needs. This flexibility has resulted in a dramatically reduced automation footprint on the hospital floors and expanded the ability of running multiple technologies through a single cabinet.
Medication drawer designs help to maximize pharmaceutical availability near the point of administration.
Historically, drug-dispensing cabinets were large, often taking up entire medicine rooms. A main cabinet served as the brain of the operation, measuring approximately four square feet. From the main cabinet, communication lines would run to a separate refrigeration unit with a lock on it, and then lines would run to a separate tower to get all aspects that were needed by the facility for a dispensing cabinet system. The large size of the older automation systems also constrained the nursing retrieval turnaround time.
Today’s dispensing cabinets can be found with a single, smaller tower with interchangeable, modular drawers within the tower and can be placed on the floor and still provide all of the technology that previously was provided by the older system, but in a much smaller space. This smaller footprint increases flexibility in terms of how and where automated cabinets can be positioned on hospital floors.
A small floor plan of a nursing unit can now fit one small-footprint cabinet that features a refrigerator, a tower and narcotic dispenser while providing premium service to that nursing unit. This modular design of the drawers within the cabinet allows the health facility to configure the system to meet its specific clinical and operational needs, all within a third of the space taken up by the older units.
Flexible configurations allow patient treatment areas to customize the dispensing cabinets without the cost of additional equipment and floor space. The reduced footprint impact can reduce or remove the need to build out dedicated medication rooms, saving significant expense.
2. Smarter drawers. When a nurse goes to a typical automation cabinet to remove a medication, all 25 to 50 pockets are open, giving the nurse access to multiple medications. This is known as an open-matrix configuration. In new cabinet designs, all of the pockets are locked when the main drawer is opened and the nurse only has access to the pocket for the needed patient medication. This system increases medication security, safety and simplifies charge capture issues. Even if the existing hardware frame is dated, the drawers can be retrofitted to the smarter design with lockable pockets inside main drawers.
Also in this article
The business case for pharmacy automation
These smarter drawers also provide a better method for managing a patient’s home medications, which historically has been a challenge for pharmacies. The new technology allows the cabinet to contain large, lockable boxes that fit in the cabinet drawers, which store all of the patient’s home medications. Nursing has access to the patient’s home medications through a secure channel without having to access multiple, separate cabinets. This technology decentralizes pharmacy operations, pushing more functions out to the cabinets.
Medication drawer design modifications help to maximize pharmaceutical availability near the point of administration, reducing staff time and hours of chasing down medications. In addition, the need for cart-fill dispensing processes within the pharmacy department is eliminated, which also reduces employee staff time and expense.
3. Virtual control. Until recently, console boxes were the standard used by the pharmacy automation industry. They required a separate computer with separate keyboard to drive the automation cabinets on the floors. The separate console boxes were bulky and took up valuable space on the floors, and the old console was not able to communicate outside the confines of the automation system. When reports were generated, they had to be printed and scanned so they could be sent by email or delivered to the floor or pharmacy by hand. The system could only be accessed from remote locations, such as the nursing unit, via telephone to the pharmacy in the basement.
New dispensing technology has replaced the old dedicated console boxes with smarter technology management tools. The latest cabinets are controlled by virtual consoles, providing access to the system from any computer as long as it is connected to the internet. By allowing any computer to function as a console, pharmacists can log onto the system with a laptop from any location and meet the needs of nursing unit staff. New virtual consoles allow for instantaneous changes to the automated cabinet, saving time and improving efficiency.
Improved customization of inventory cabinets makes it possible to place larger and more diverse products on the floor in a safe and secure fashion.
And, because the system sends its communications through a virtual internet protocol-based system, reports can be generated and sent directly to nurse managers through email. This is a huge improvement over the old style of communication and saves a great deal of physical space that once was taken up by the old console boxes.
The old system also tied up hospital information technology (IT) server space. The new technology, using virtual console control through an internet-connected personal computer (PC), now ties into the servers at the pharmacy automation wholesaler's location. Hospital IT departments no longer need an entire rack to run servers on, saving a tremendous amount of physical space and IT hours.
Making changes to the system and testing them also is much easier using virtual control via PC access. Making changes to the system that once took as much as a month to finalize can now be done in an hour. Pharmacists and nurse managers can tap into the system’s test environment from a PC to test a change without altering the information in the system. The change can be tested to see if it works and, if so, can go live instantly. There is no longer a need to call an engineer from the automation company to run the test to see if the change works.
Dispensing-cabinet consoles are bulky and require operation from within the pharmacy. Virtual consoles allow control from network-based computers that permit pharmacy automation team members more visibility in patient care areas. Pharmacists are unchained from needing to be in the pharmacy all day. Now their time and expertise can be redirected to the hospital floor to provide direct patient care and support to the medical staff.
Hospital pharmacy design compliance
Guide to managing pharmaceutical waste
Patients benefit from a better understanding of their medications — when to take them and how much to take. Understanding their medications and their medication schedule is helping to reduce hospital readmissions and the cost of those readmissions.
Placing pharmacists on the floor also has been shown to reduce the patient length of stay, which provides another cost reduction for the hospital.
4. Better inventory management. Instead of inventory being a pharmacy-dispensing function, new technology with improved customization makes it possible to place larger and more diverse products on the floor in a safe and secure fashion. Historically, automated cabinets allowed for 90 percent of pharmacy inventory to be stored in a cabinet at best. Nurses often did not have access to 10 percent or more of needed drugs and supplies.
The new technology increases this benchmark to greater than 95 to 99.9 percent of pharmacy inventory available on the floor in front of the nurse at all times. In the old seven-day, cart-fill style, dispensing cabinets would run out of inventory by Day 5 or 6 of the cycle. The old issue of medications running out or not being available on time is no longer a problem because inventory reporting and restocking also are automated.
Reporting functions are much more robust over the old limitations of simply having a min-max and stock-out report. Adjustments on par levels and timing of refills can be made quickly. The modular aspect of the pockets allows for pocket sizes to be increased or decreased to accommodate greater or fewer medications so inventory needs can be managed better. This smart inventory process means inventory numbers can be kept down and not overloaded because restocking is much more accurate and follows a just-in-time model.
The refill process also is dramatically improved with smart technology. The cabinets are now capable of sending a report to the pharmaceutical wholesaler, reporting that, for example, the cabinet is short on these five drugs and designating the amount needed for each drug. The order comes to the hospital the next morning already sorted exactly for the cabinet, making the refill process efficient. This is especially useful for a large hospital building with 50 to 100 automated cabinets. As the totes come in from the pharmaceutical wholesaler, it is easy to check in the inventory, place it on a cart and refill the cabinets immediately.
Automation also decreases the risk of medication errors, and the newer medication drawer designs provide additional security for costly or controlled medications. Pharmacy inventory managers can place expensive medications confidently in automated cabinets. The added security and control significantly reduces diversion and the cost associated with diverted drugs.
5. Charge-capture accuracy. Historically, charge capture has been rife with inaccuracy. In the old charge-on-removal system, when a nurse removed a drug, the system would charge the patient for the drug that the nurse selected at that moment. A nurse might see several different pockets when opening a cabinet drawer, and if the nurse selects one drug but also decides to remove three other drugs from that pocket that the patient is taking, those additional three other drugs may not get charged to the patient. Adding a bar code to the drug packaging and a bar code scanner to the cabinet has increased charge-capture accuracy. And, because only the one drawer is available to the nurse, the nurse simply selects the drawer, removes the drug, scans the bar code on the drug and charge capture is complete.
New charge-capture technology is especially vital in the operating room (OR). Anesthesiologists are focused on the patient and not always on the charging. New technology provides virtual drawer screens that are changing the way anesthesiologists perform charge capture in the OR. When the anesthesiologist opens a drawer in a cabinet, an electronic image of the drawer pops up on the screen. The anesthesiologist selects the appropriate boxes and the system automatically charges the patient for the medication. Because medications are now tagged with bar codes, the anesthesiologist simply opens the drawer, selects the drug, scans the bar code and moves on. Accounting departments no longer have to run down missed charges and increases in revenue coming back to the pharmacy are being realized.
By integrating innovative computer technologies, such as bar code scanners and touchscreens, automated cabinets offer improved charge capture during medication removal while increasing speed of removal. This allows billing to be captured more accurately and in real time versus a paper billing model. This aspect of automation has helped institutions to increase their revenue stream because full charges are captured accurately.
Transforming operations
These top five trends in pharmacy automation are transforming the way hospitals and their pharmacies operate. Although there is an up-front expense to the hardware, the value-add is huge with the benefits of increased flexibility in a smaller footprint, greater efficiency throughout the hospital system, cost savings from pharmacy staff focused on patient care, better management of medications and increased revenue due to automatic charge capture.
Kevin Milliorn, Pharm.D., is a senior regional vice president of operations in the central region for Comprehensive Pharmacy Services, Brooklyn Park, Minn. He can be reached at Kevin.Milliorn@CPSPharm.com.
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The opinions expressed by authors do not necessarily reflect the policy of the American Hospital Association. This website contains links to sites which are not owned or maintained by the American Hospital Association(AHA). The AHA is not responsible for the content of non-AHA linked sites, and the views expressed on non-AHA sites do not necessarily reflect the views of the American Hospital Association.
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HFVBT Presents Sophie Schiller’s Spy Island Blog Tour,
Posted By amy @ 11:27 am | 1 Comment
HF Virtual Book Tours is proud to present Sophie Schiller’s Blog Tour for Spy Island. Please join her as she tours the blogosphere from September 15-26.
Formats: eBook, Paperback
A forbidden friendship that blossoms into love is at the heart of this colorful historical novel.
Abigail Maduro arrives in the Danish West Indies on 1916 to live with her Aunt Esther, a bad tempered spinster, and her houseful of eccentric servants. Despite the island’s veneer of tranquility, St. Thomas is a hotbed of German spies who use their Hamburg-America steamers to aid the Kaiser’s war effort.
When a mysterious stranger suddenly appears in town, Abigail is drawn into the conflict. In the scholarly Erich Seibold, she finds the friendship and love she has been craving, even after she learns that Erich is really a deserter from a German U-boat. But their idyllic interlude comes to a crashing halt when the island’s German consul also discovers Erich’s identity, and blackmails him into committing sabotage. After a melee involving the Danish governor, Erich is thrown into prison, forcing Abigail to risk everything to save him. Action and adventure abound in this colorful historical novel that brings to life a fading West Indian sugar colony in the last days of Danish rule.
Praise for Spy Island
“Spy Island is an exciting adventure that will keep you on the edge of your seat. I love being immersed in the world of the Caribbean during World War I, I felt like I was looking into a snapshot of the past. This book is full of adventure, exciting twists, just when I thought I had the plot figured out, it would change again. The descriptions, the characters, and the plot of this story all weave together into a tight package of fun that you do not want to miss.” The Howling Turtle Book Reviews
“Spy Island is a fun, fast read for any fan of historical fiction and adventure stories.” Lynne Hinkey, author of Marina Melee
“Spy Island hits that rare spot for me in historical fiction. Not only is it an entertaining story with lots of movement, but the authentic island feel and early 20th century world surround you. A great read!” Dianna Rostad, Amazon Reviewer
“From the first page, I was instantly thrown into Abby’s world and truly taken aback by the lovely descriptions ranging from those of Panama to those of life at sea to those of the Danish West Indies. Sophie really managed to make me feel like I was right there with the characters in this one and it added a lot to my enjoyment of the book. Spy Island is a thrilling and fast paced novel perfect for fans of historical fiction and mystery.” Lauren’s Crammed Bookshelf Blog
Suddenly, a posse of machete-wielding men appears out of nowhere. They offer to find the shooter and bring him to justice. My heart races as I catch the glimmer of the razor-sharp machetes in their muscular, outstretched arms. These men are after Erich and there’s no way to stop them.
I push my way through the crowd, attempting to flee to the safety of the Grand Hotel. All around me scuffles and brawls erupt among the outraged horde, while panicked faces emerge from windows and doorways, each one trying to make sense out of the confusion and strife. I crane my neck over the commotion, hoping to catch sight of the governor. Thankfully, he is still alive, although dazed with confusion. Two policemen haul him to his feet and lead him to the safety of Fort Christian. Still no sign of Erich anywhere. If Erich was indeed was the shooter, he has simply vanished.
Just then, someone screams, “There he is. Grab him!”
I look up. A dozen natives, all brandishing machetes, take off in hot pursuit of a solitary individual who resembles one of the Cha Cha’s from Frenchtown who is pushing his way across the square in horror. Making out his features is impossible as he has a scarf tied around half his face, rendering him unrecognizable. But by his size and height, I am pretty sure it is Erich. I yell for him to run faster, but my voice is drowned out by the deafening roar of the crowd.
Erich scales a low wall and races down the nearest alleyway with a posse of men in hot pursuit. His pursuers shake their fists indignantly, swearing and yelling out threats as they attempt to catch him. Somehow Erich is faster, remarkably agile and adept at outrunning an angry mob, but I know his life is in great danger. With no thought to my own safety, I chase after the posse, hoping I can somehow help to avert disaster.
Erich races down Norre Gade as if he’s on fire. He climbs up the steps of the Frederick Lutheran Church two at a time. When some of the men catch up with him, he swings around, kicking one in the chest and sending them all toppling backwards like a line of dominoes. Another one catches up with Erich, but receives a blinding punch in the face that sends him rolling down the steps like a broken wheel. Erich shakes his fist, then disappears inside the church, barring the door shut.
Another group of indignant citizens reaches the front door of the church and pounds on it with tremendous anger. They lunge at it, trying to push it open. All their force is no use; Erich has barred it from the inside with an iron rod. Amazingly, while they fumble with the front door, Erich slips out the back with the stealth of a mongoose and heads to the back of town.
I catch sight of him as he races down Kongens Gade, dodging bewildered donkey carts and flustered market women as he runs for his life. Just then, a thought occurs to me that by going through with Lothar Langsdorff’s diabolical plan, Erich has sacrificed his own life to save mine. My heart swells with love for him. Fueled by the hope that I can repay the favor, I follow the trail of angry natives intent on bringing justice down on Erich’s head, yet realizing I may never see him again.
Sophie Schiller was born in Paterson, NJ and grew up in the West Indies amid aging pirates and retired German spies. She was educated at American University, Washington, DC and now lives in Brooklyn, NY.
You can find more information on Sophie Schiller and her novels at website. You can also connect with her on Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest, and Goodreads.
Spy Island Blog Tour Schedule
Review & Giveaway at Queen of All She Reads
Review at The Librarian Fatale
Spotlight & Giveaway at Let Them Read Books
Interview at The Maiden’s Court
Review at CelticLady’s Reviews
Spotlight & Giveaway at Passages to the Past
Interview & Giveaway at Reading Lark
Review at Brooke Blogs
Review at 100 Pages a Day – Stephanie’s Book Reviews
Review at Just One More Chapter
Spotlight at Flashlight Commentary
Review at Luxury Reading
Spotlight & Giveaway at So Many Precious Books, So Little Time
Review at Princess of Eboli
Review at Svetlana’s Reads and Views
Labels: September 2014, Sophie Schiller, Spy Island, Virtual Book Tour
One response to “HFVBT Presents Sophie Schiller’s Spy Island Blog Tour,
Sophie Schiller says:
Thanks to Amy for setting up a great tour and thanks to all the tour hosts for the super job they did!
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HHI: Where Are They Now?
#HHI Consult Program Guide
HHI: Where Are They Now? Episodes
DIY'd You Buy That House
Former house hunters in Costa Rica, Germany and Ireland show off their DIY skills. For one couple, that's exactly what they had planned, while the others had to make some adjustments along the way.
It Feels Like the First Time
Former renters in Australia, France and Norway purchase their first homes. The only constant is change, whether they're transforming their homes, changing household roles, or just settling into their new lives abroad.
New Habitation, New Occupation
For home buyers in Belize, England and South Africa, the change of scenery comes with a new career, though that's not always part of the plan. Usually, the move follows the job, but sometimes it's the other way around.
This Land Is Island
Home buyers seek the island life on Easter Island, Dominica and Tenerife. Some find the relaxation they always dreamed of, while others wonder if they've made the right choices.
I Second That
Some house hunters found a place so nice, they bought there twice. In Uruguay, Belize and Israel, buyers double down for business ventures, to fit their expanding families or because they just need to get away.
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Jun 15, 2018 More on Reimbursement
CMS relents, opens up smartphone-connected CGMs for reimbursement
CMS will reverse a longstanding unpopular position on reimbursement for smartphone-connected continuous glucose monitors.
Jonah Comstock
The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services will reverse a longstanding unpopular position on reimbursement for smartphone-connected continuous glucose monitors, CMS announced yesterday.
"CMS heard from numerous stakeholders who shared their concerns that Medicare's CGM coverage policy limited their use of CGMs in conjunction with their smartphones, preventing them from sharing data with family members, physicians, and caregivers," the agency wrote. "After a thorough review of the law and our regulations, CMS is announcing that Medicare's published coverage policy for CGMs will be modified to support the use of CGMs in conjunction with a smartphone, including the important data sharing function they provide for patients and their families. The Durable Medical Equipment Medicare Administrative Contractors will issue a revised policy article in the near future, at which time the published change will be effective."
CMS opened the doors for reimbursement of CGMs in a January 2017 decision. But in a footnote, the ruling excluded reimbursement for anyone who uses a smart device to access their CGM data, even if that device is used in addition to a dedicated receiver.
"Coverage of the CGM system supply allowance is limited to those therapeutic CGM systems where the beneficiary ONLY uses a receiver classified as [durable medical equipment (DME)] to display glucose data," CMS wrote at the time. "If a beneficiary uses a non-DME device (smart phone, tablet, etc.) as the display device, either separately or in combination with a receiver classified as DME, the supply allowance is non-covered by Medicare."
The decision prompted an outcry from the diabetes patient community and even led to a letter to CMS Administrator Seema Verma in March from senators Susan Collins (R-ME) and Jeanne Shaheen (D-NH) and representatives Tom Reed (R-NY) and Diana DeGette (D-CO).
Dexcom, whose G5 CGM was the first to meet CMS's reimbursement qualifications, applauded the decision in a press release.
"On behalf of our Medicare population, Dexcom would like to recognize and thank CMS for this policy coverage update," President and CEO Kevin Sayer said in a statement. "This update allows patients to access the full functionality of the Dexcom G5 CGM system as approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). By doing what is right for the patient, CMS is creating value for the entire healthcare system."
"We would also like to recognize the diabetes community for their efforts in voicing the necessity for this change," Claudia Graham, Dexom's SVP of global access added. "CMS listened and recognized the need to allow the sharing of glucose data in this population."
Twitter: @JonahComstock
Email the writer: jonah.comstock@himssmedia.com
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Learn How To Turn Anger Outbursts
Into Healthy Communication
Anger outbursts can rip apart the fabric of a healthy relationship until both partners no longer feel safe or desire to be intimate. It is important to understand that there is a difference between the use and expression of healthy anger, and an angry outburst which is like emotional dumping. Anger is a natural, normal human emotion, but we need to learn how to have and handle it in a mature and loving manner.
A healthy communication of anger might begin with taking responsibility for your own emotional state. It often starts with an “I need” statement. It expresses your personal truth and is a request for a specific behavior to satisfy a basic need you have. An example might be “I need to study for my test tomorrow, and I need some quiet.” Or “I need you to take what I am saying seriously.”
The person making these statements may have intensity and even anger when they say them, but they are mature, responsible communications. They do not berate the other person. They do not call names or blame the other person for what you are feeling. They do not assign character judgments or negative roles to the other person.
Anger problems, on the other hand, often start with “you” statements. They accuse the other person of being something negative, or of always doing something you don’t like. Anger outbursts send both people into opposite and oppositional corners. Over time this turns into roles in the relationship that may be hard to crawl out of or change.
How Roles Ruin Relationships
We'd Have a Great Relationship it if Weren't for You! That is the name of an extremely insightful book by Dr. Bruce Derman and Michael Hauge. Dr. Derman talks about how much couples have invested themselves in what he calls "The Difference Game." These are all the ways in which one person is either "better" or "worse" than the other. In this game we have a whole list of "er" words, which cause emotional "emergencies." They can really ruin our chance at having happiness together. Many anger outbursts involve calling somebody with a word ending in “er,” or assigning them a role.
What are these deadly "er" words? One person is sexier, or neater, kinder, smarter, more responsible, etc. And, if one person is more "er" than the other, than of course the "other" partner has to be less sexual, or less neat, less kind, less smart, less responsible, etc.
These labels are more than verbal traps. They keep people stuck in their respective roles of "more" or "less" of a given quality. It now becomes "a position." As in: "I'm the together one, you're always a basket case," etc.. Then, these positions become familiar (or even comfortable) and habit forming. The person becomes (perhaps unconsciously) attached to their role. After all this time, and reinforcement, at least they know they can play "dumber" or "smarter" very well. But if these roles become fixed they erode flexibility, and can ruin the relationship. These statements often turn into an anger outburst when the person feels frustrated by them.
It is as if each person finds their "role" in the relationship and plays out their part perfectly. This “rule-bound, role-bound” game is the source of constant problems, endless anger outbursts, and it can be a disaster in the bedroom. Let's have a look at how Sara plays her role as "the person who wants less sex," and Tom is left to read his lines in a fine performance of "the person who never gets enough."
TOM: Do you want to have sex tonight?
SARA: Didn't we do it last night?
TOM: Yes, but that was the only time this week.
SARA: Well, ok. If you really want to.
TOM: You don't really want to?
SARA: It's ok. You start.
TOM: I always initiate. You never start. You're never turned on!
SARA: Of course I am!!
Sara tries awkwardly to approach Tom, but now it seems forced.
TOM: Oh, why don't we just wait. We'll do it in the morning.
SARA: I have an early meeting. Let's just do it now.
TOM: Forget it...I'm not in the mood anymore.
Tom punches his pillow and rolls over to go to sleep. Sara is left feeling guilty for being "less interested." Tom feels unsatisfied and blames Sara, accusing her of being the one who "has no desire." The next day at breakfast, the toast is burned, and he has an angry outburst and calls her frigid. This hurts her feelings and causes her to have an angry outburst in return. They start arguing about who should be watching the toast, which is not really the issue that is driving the anger outburst. Neither one of them has expressed an “I statement,” including a need, and asking for a specific new behavior.
Communication comes to a standstill when partners rely on anger outbursts to resolve their problems. It causes both partners to get stuck in their roles. They have no new "lines" to read, so they play out the same ones over and over. The moody silence is palpable as they both turn their backs, trying to sleep, feeling miserable. The curtain slowly comes down on their love life.
How can we reverse these toxic patterns and anger outbursts and begin to regain intimacy in our relationships?
1) Make an agreement that anger outbursts are not the solution.
1) Recognize that you and your partner may be playing fixed roles.
2) Recognize what those roles are, and commit to not perpetuating them either verbally (accusing) and behaviorally (acting them out with anger outbursts).
3) Talk to each other about these roles. Make an agreement to not stay trapped in them. Make a commitment to not let anger outbursts replace healthy communication.
4) Switch roles! Do it as a playful game! Exaggerate doing the opposite role to the one you play. You’ll learn a lot by walking in the other person’s shoes about how they feel and why they are behaving the way they are.
Intimacy lost can be regained if you let go of your attachment to focusing on the differences in each other. Start seeing how, if you've been playing roles, you've both been playing a losing game. Unhealthy expressions of anger are a losing “blame game.” Nobody wins.
By dropping the "Blame Game" you can get your love life back on track. Love is a great game for those brave enough to play without rules, and without rigid roles. Choosing to not let anger outbursts be your main style of communicating will raise the trust and good feelings between you. Even though it may seem to feel good in the moment, if it isn’t cleaned up quickly, it erodes love. Choose to have a more loving style for managing your emotions. It will pay off forever!
Go From Anger Outbursts to Problems in Relationships
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Avoiding Fights Through Better Understanding and Communication
Avoiding Fights that go nowhere can be possible when you understand the underlying needs that drive chronic arguments. Many times people are not really fighting about the true issue. Read on
Best Art Of Apology
A smart, strong man becomes very good at the art of apology. There are many ways to apologize, and the best way is the way your woman wants!
"I love you!"
Those are the three words we most want to hear.
Yet for some people saying those words is daunting. They'd rather skip barefoot through a hornet's nest. The good news is saying "I love you!" is a learnable skill.
Our FREE e-book is a love story in four acts that shows how two shy people found creative ways to express their most tender feelings for each other.
You can borrow these words or use them to inspire you to create your own linguistic art of romance.
Go ahead, be brave. Let Cupid speak in your life.
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Help For When You Are Stuck In Your Anger Or Grief
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Video: From Developer Adoption to Enterprise Dana Oshiro
Sauce Labs, Twilio, Heroku, New Relic and RackSpace — Geva Perry has advised each of these companies in developing their business models and go-to-market strategies. Part of his magic as an advisor is his understanding of an optimized sales model. The Thinking Out Cloud blogger and veteran advisor has helped shape some of today’s leading SaaS companies and Heavybit members had a chance to hear some of his insights.
FOCUS ON DEVELOPER ADOPTION: DEATH OF SALES?
In a presentation at the Heavybit clubhouse, Perry went through the history of enterprise sales explaining that 15 years ago, the sales cycle required a 9-12 month lead and was incredibly high-touch. In fact, companies rarely listed product prices on their sites and the only way to access the product, was via a phone call or in-person meeting.
Nevertheless, in the early 2000’s companies like WebLogic began offering software for download and the emergence of open source allowed developers to try a product before dealing with budgetary constraints. By the late 2000’s, marketing automation, freemium and pay-as-you-go products made it even easier to ease buyers into a sale. And finally, by 2010, developer adoption became even more frictionless as on demand Infrastructure-as-a-Service and Platform-as-a-Service emerged as affordable options. All of this contributed to a bottom-up model that simply wasn’t possible in the context of the 90’s and traditional enterprise sales.
This low-touch style of sales proved incredibly efficient and inexpensive. It got to a point in 2011 where a number of companies went so far as to proclaim the “death of the salesman”.
But since then, companies have changed their tune. While a frictionless sales model is certainly still a component of most SaaS company strategies, it can’t be the sole strategy. Perry estimates that 70 of New Relic’s 270 employees sit on the sales side of the organization. It’s a number he believes has helped contribute to the company’s tremendous revenue growth in the past few years.
RETURN TO SALES
Here’s where Perry reveals his model for growth. He believes there are two phases of a company:
Customer Development and Low-Touch Sales: This is that period for two years after a core product’s general availability (GA). It includes a time where companies build their inbound marketing, marketing automation and metrics. Customers become part of an automated onboarding process and in general, few or no human interactions need to occur in order for a customer to make a purchase.
Triaged Sales: After about two years, there’s a period of transition. Some indicators of when this transition should take place include when the company has $50-100K in monthly recurring revenue (MRR) and when customers begin calling to negotiate larger deals. This is where the company builds an inside and field sales team, coupled with all of the sales processes. The act of triaging is very important here. It’s where the company categorizes its customers often as zero-touch (completely online buyers), low-touch (buys in 2 or fewer phone calls) or high-touch customers.
HOW TO PREPARE FOR TRANSITION
The reason Perry cautions companies to avoid hiring a sales team too early is because few early companies have their value proposition ready to be plugged into a sales process.
Says Perry, “Salespeople take you towards the biggest deal. They hunt for elephants… This isn’t necessarily always the place you want the company to go.”
He explains that when a large deal is placed in front of an early team, there may be the temptation to chase the money, but that there are always tradeoffs. Most large deals require customization and a product team is then pulled away from building a frictionless on-boarding experience in favor of building for the client. In this way, there’s opportunity cost when a salesperson is left to influence the product and positioning.
Perry suggests that companies have the following building blocks in place before bringing in an inside and outside sales team:
Positioning: Companies shouldn’t just define their audience as “developers”, they should know what types of companies they are selling to, their use cases, their motivation to buy, and the customer company’s budget owner. Positioning is also about defining the product and how it’s serving a need. This value proposition is something sales people will return to over and over again.
Pricing / Usage Metrics: Companies should have the patterns and metrics to produce a decent pricing strategy and ensure revenue growth. Considering tiered pricing and the cost benefit analysis associated with a new sales team is critical.
Triaging: Companies should already have some indication of what their high and low touch customers look like and which ones should be served by an incoming sales team.
Says Perry on the product of transitioning to a high-touch sales environment, “Above all else, your customers will tell you when they’re ready.” He explains that even when there’s no sales team, high-touch customers will often call to inquire about multi-seat negotiations, group discounts and purchase orders. When the volume of these inquiries gets too high, a sales team can help triage and extend these relationships.
For a complete look at his talk visit the Heavybit library.
Ted Carstensen Streamlining Distributed Stream Processing with SuperChief
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Ceva to support CakeBoxx - Sectors
Ceva to support CakeBoxx
December 16 - Ceva Logistics is now receiving and storing CakeBoxx containers at select locations in the USA.
CakeBoxx Technologies has relied on Ceva's logistics services for a number of years to move its bespoke containers across the globe.
Ceva's stations in the USA will now serve as storage locations for CakeBoxx's products, while its teams will also support the demonstration of the company's bespoke two-piece container to US customers.
The first of these demonstrations has taken place at Ceva's station in Baltimore, Maryland. The logistics provider's operation in Houston, Texas will be next to host the CakeBoxx products, while its sites on the US west coast are currently being evaluated for the expansion of the programme.
www.cakeboxx-technologies.com
www.cevalogistics.com
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Seine musicale
Palace of Versailles and Gardens
Albert Kahn Gardens
Hotel Close to Parc des Princes
Ideal location in Boulogne Billancourt
The Hôtel Paris Boulogne**** in the west of Paris is moments away from many tourist attractions, whether you’re on a business trip or sightseeing as a couple or with your family.
Unmissable nearby attractions include:
The Roland Garros stadium is just a 20-minute walk from the hotel and is just 10 minutes away by car. This sports complex has 24 tennis courts, including 3 central courts. Built in 1928 to host the final of the Davis Cup, it has been home to the annual Roland Garros tournament since then.
Albert Kahn museum and gardens
The Albert Kahn museum and gardens are 5 minutes’ walk from the hotel and feature temporary and permanent exhibitions of Albert Kahn’s collections. The gardens cover 4 hectares and include an eclectic variety of botanical gardens. Stroll around the French style garden, the Japanese garden, the English garden and the miniature forest inspired by the Vosges region: get away from it all, just minutes from the Hotel Paris Boulogne.
The Parc des Princes, Paris Saint Germain’s legendary stadium, is just a 30-minute walk or 10-minute drive from the hotel. In addition to PSG’s matches, the Parc des Princes hosts international matches and is an incredible concert venue.
A breath of fresh air in the west of Paris, the Bois de Boulogne is perfect for anyone who loves walking or running in the great outdoors.
Musée Renault
Come and learn about this iconic French car brand’s history and its technological advances within the automotive industry. The Musée Renault can be found in a grand townhouse at 27 rue des Abondances. The museum is open on Tuesday and Thursday afternoons and by reservation for groups of more than 10 people.
La Seine Musicale is a new cultural destination on the Ile Seguin, in the heart of Greater Paris. This architecturally unique venue is dedicated to music with its Auditorium, its Grande Seine concert hall and its Studios Riffx.
The Palace of Versailles
A symbol of the pomp of French royalty, the seventeenth century architectural gem of the Palace of Versailles and its gardens are among the most famous monuments in the world. In all, the Palace of Versailles, its park, gardens and the Petit Trianon cover some 800 hectares.
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nanoFlowcell AG Planning 1,075 HP Electric Supercar Production, New Swiss Facility
Jeff Cobb October 9, 2015
As nanoFlowcell AG looks to begin small series production of its radical Quant F, it has announced plans for a new “QUANT City” development center to take its fuel cell ambitions far beyond.
Unlike hydrogen fuel cell vehicles from Toyota, Honda, Hyundai, and others, nanoFlowcell’s technology uses a salt-water-based fuel cell system it says is environmentally friendly.
While the company has also shown a more-affordable variant, the QUANT F is presented as an all-wheel-drive no-compromises beast with 0-62 mph time claimed faster than a Tesla P90D at 2.8 seconds (Tesla does 0-60 in the same). Its two speed transmission also lets it run up to 186 mph – its predecessor claimed 217 mph – and easily extendable range is estimated at 500 miles.
Proposed QUANT City.
But potential for this water-based fuel cell tech, says the company, goes far beyond million-dollar supercars, and its new 6.1-acre facility is to begin construction early 2016 in Tenero in the Swiss canton of Ticino.
Assuming plans go forth, nanoFlowcell AG will relocate its existing “nanoFlowcell DigiLab” from Zürich to this new campus it is calling a “city.”
There the company aims to benefit the automotive sector as well as develop energy systems for buildings, shipping, aerospace, rail traffic, and more.
The deal is subject to finalization of an acquisition contract but penciled-in for completion as soon as 2018. The startup says it will create 150-200 new jobs in the effort to further the novel energy source.
The video below highlights the QUANT E, upon which the QUANT F has been evolved.
It’s advanced science, but in simplest terms, a form of saltwater is used in a “flow cell” that has been also called a “battery.” The flow cell that provides the power for electric motors uses an ionic liquid that is saline and aqueous.
SEE ALSO: 500-Mile Range, Over 186-MPH All-Electric QUANT F To Bow In Geneva
“Instead of using hydrogen and oxygen as in a conventional fuel cell, we work with two ionic fluids – one with a positive charge and one with a negative charge,” said Chief Technical Officer Nunzio La Vecchia.
The company will work with virtual reality and nano technology to create its solutions it believes have huge upside potential.
As a centre for the further development of flow cell technology, nanoFlowcell AG in QUANT City will in future also be responsible for scientific tasks. In addition to fundamental research, the research and teaching around flow cells will also be a fixed part of QUANT City through collaborations with universities, institutes and other scientific establishments. To this end, the “QUANT Academy” will be founded, which will combine all areas of research and development within the nanoFlowcell AG company group. Scientific work such as degree dissertations and doctoral theses on flow cell technology and also on ionic fluids as energy sources of the future can and will in future be carried out at QUANT City within the QUANT Academy. To this end, nanoResearch SA will offer not just the premises but also the technical and scientific requirements. Prospective scientists, engineers and doctoral candidates will thus be given the opportunity to learn from and carry out research with leading figures from the fields of research and teaching as well as gaining practical experience in industry.
As for the automotive side, the company says a modular design of its Quant F will be produced at the new plant when it is green-lighted.
The company is now working toward approval with authorities. The QUANT F’s predecessor, the QUANT E, was approved already by TÜV in Germany for individual use in Germany and Europe.
“As soon as the requirements are met for series production, the new QUANT will go into small series production in QUANT City,” says the company.
There finished components including chassis, axle systems, on-board systems and “engine” and gear components will be delivered pre-manufactured and will undergo final assembly.
“We have opted for small series production in Tenero so that we can also proceed effectively alongside it with the further development of the nanoFlowcell in the automotive field,” said Nunzio La Vecchia. “This type of production can only be of benefit to the environment.”
More info can be seen at the company’s website.
Tagged as FCV, fuel cell, Homepage Top Featured, nanoFLOWCELL AG, quant
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Office: (519) 913-0312 Info:(519) 913-0313
adlan@hylandcinema.com
The Hyland Has It All: Award Winning and Nominated Films, $5 Family Film Day, and a Heartwarming One Night Only Documentary!
Showtime for Stockholm playing May 15th, 2019 at 12:35 PM - Hyland Cinema
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Based on the extraordinary true story of the European city’s 1973 bank heist and hostage crisis that was documented in the 1974 New Yorker article “The Bank Drama” by Daniel Lang. The events grasped the world’s attention when the hostages bonded with their captors and turned against the authorities, giving rise to the psychological phenomenon known as “Stockholm Syndrome.”
"Robert Budreau’s “Stockholm” opens with the words “Based on an absurd but...
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Parking at the Hyland cinema
There are 40 parking spots behind the cinema.
There are 2 entrances:
Wharncliffe Road South on the North side of the cinema
Duchess Street - there is a lane that runs parallel to the park 2 houses in from Wharncliffe Road.
There is also parking available on Duchess Avenue, Elmwood Avenue and on the streets off the west side of Wharncliffe Road.
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240 Wharncliffe Rd S
London, Ontario N6J 2L4
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Cokie and Steven Roberts: Democratic 'Squad' losing sight of goal
By Cokie and Steven RobertsAndrews McMeel Syndication
Accusations of racism are so inflammatory that they should always be made cautiously and carefully. But when President Donald Trump told four congresswomen of color to "go back" to where they came from, his comments were not only blatantly racist, they were also sexist, xenophobic and intensely cynical.
Trump's re-election depends heavily on maximizing the votes of aging white men who lack a college education. His targets — representatives Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez of New York, Ilhan Omar of Minnesota, Ayanna Pressley of Massachusetts and Rashida Tlaid of Michigan — are young (average age: 38), outspoken, educated nonwhite females. In other words, they're exactly the people his core supporters resemble the least and resent the most.
Add that two of the four congresswomen he targeted are Muslim, and that one wears a head-covering, and the president is checking almost every box of discontent that disturbs his base. Race, gender, class, religion. Only one piece is missing: None of them is gay.
Speaker Nancy Pelosi was accurate in saying Trump's comments prove that "his plan to 'Make America Great Again' has always been about making America white again." Even a few brave Republicans called out the president, with Rep. Mike Turner of Ohio saying Trump's tweets "were racist and he should apologize."
But in defending the four women — as they have, and must — Pelosi and her fellow Democrats know they are taking a big risk. That's exactly what Trump wants them to do. They are playing directly into his larger strategy, to define the Democratic Party in terms of those four first-term legislators, who advance extreme positions on many issues, from abolishing private health insurance and vastly increasing taxes, to eliminating college tuition and immediately impeaching the president.
Trump is totally transparent about this. He's gleefully branded the four the "Radical Left Congresswomen," and his toady Sen. Lindsey Graham went even further, calling them a "bunch of communists" and thus adding red-baiting to Team Trump's sins.
Asked if he's concerned about charges of racism, the president revealed his crassly political goal: "It doesn't concern me because many people agree with me." Then he added, "A lot of people love it, by the way. A lot of people love it." In a follow-up tweet, he admitted his strategy, boasting that the four lawmakers "are forever wedded to the Democrat Party. See you in 2020!"
Smart Democrats who actually count votes are deeply alarmed, because they see the shrewdness behind Trump's approach. After the four congresswomen, informally known as "The Squad," defied Democratic leaders and voted against a bill funding emergency services along the southern border, Pelosi slammed them to New York Times columnist Maureen Dowd.
"Pelosi feels that the four made themselves irrelevant to the process by voting against 'our bill,' as she put it, which she felt was the strongest one she could get," wrote Dowd. "'All these people have their public whatever and their Twitter world,' she said, 'but they didn't have any following. They're four people, and that's how many votes they got.'"
The four fired back, with Ocasio-Cortez accusing of Pelosi of being "outright disrespectful" to women of color, and Pressley calling the speaker's comments "demoralizing."
Even more demoralized are Democratic strategists, who see the Squad swallowing Trump's bait. "We fought for years to create the majorities to get a Democratic president elected and re-elected, and they're going to dither it away," Rahm Emanuel, one of Barack Obama's chief advisers, said to Dowd. "They have not decided what's more important: Do they want to beat Trump, or do they want to clear the moderates and centrists out of the party? You really think weakening the speaker is the right strategy to get rid of Donald Trump and everything he stands for?"
Trump's character and calculation could not be clearer. "When it comes to race," wrote Peter Baker in the Times, "Mr. Trump plays with fire like no other president in a century."
The president presents Democrats with an excruciating problem. They must denounce Trump's taunts and defend his targets, but not embrace all of the Squad's leftist ideas. They need to energize minority voters, particularly young ones, without alienating moderates — especially in the critical Midwestern states that gave Trump his victory in 2016 and will be pivotal again next year.
The Squad brings verve and vitality to the Democratic Party. But if they insist on placing purity ahead of pragmatism, if they don't cool their jets and curb their egos, if they lose sight of the main goal — defeating Donald Trump — they will play right into his hands and hand him a second term.
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Den reports improved numbers for Q2 over Q1
15 Nov, 2018 - 07:30 AM IST | By indiantelevision.com Team
BENGALURU: The Sameer Manchanda-led Indian cable distribution network and broadband internet services (broadband) provider Den Networks Ltd reported 5.3 percent drop in consolidated operating revenue numbers for the quarter ended 30 September 2018 (Q2 2019, quarter or period under review) as compared to the corresponding year ago quarter (y-o-y, Q2 2018). Though revenue based on a quarter on quarter (q-o-q) basis and some other numbers were lower, the company’s operating profit or EBITDA in Q2 2019 was better than Q1 2019. The company said in Q1 2019 that it had tried to cut down costs, and it has managed to do that, but its consolidated content costs during the quarter under review increased by almost Rs 16 crore y-o-y, at but the same time have declined by almost Rs 2 crore q-o-q.
Den Network’s operating profit (EBITDA) declined 37.9 percent y-o-y during the period under review to Rs 50.63 crore (16.1 percent of operating revenue) from Rs 81.55 crore (26 percent of operating revenue) but increased 9.9 percent q-o-q from Rs 57.84 crore (18 percent of operating revenue) as mentioned above.
The company’s losses – after taxes (net loss) as well as total comprehensive loss (TCL) have increased y-o-y as well as q-o-q in the period under review. The company reported a net loss of Rs 28.54 crore during Q2 2019 and a loss of Rs 27.98 crore for Q1 2019 as compared to a net profit (PAT) of Rs 1.11 crore in Q2 2018. Den reported TCL of Rs 28.34 crore for Q2 2019, TCL of Rs 27.75 crore in Q1 2019 as compared to total comprehensive income of Rs 1.31 crore in Q2 2018.
Segment numbers
Den has two segments – cable distribution networks (Cable) and broadband. Both segments reported lower y-o-y revenues, but in the case of broadband, Den reported a slight q-o-q increase in revenue for Q2 2019.
Cable segment revenue reduced 4.6 percent y-o-y in Q2 2019 to Rs 293.86 crore from Rs 307.99 crore in Q2 2018 and reduced 1.6 percent q-o-q from Rs 298.59 crore in Q1 2019. Den reported that the segment had an operating loss of Rs 5.82 crore as compared to an operating profit of Rs 27.75 crore in Q2 2018 but the loss in the quarter under review was lower than the operating loss Rs 8.26 crore in Q1 2019.
Den Networks reported 16.6 percent y-o-y decline in operating revenue for its broadband segment in Q2 2019 at Rs 16.51 crore as compared to Rs 19.80 crore in Q2 2018 but 5.9 percent more than the operating revenue of Rs 15.59 crore in Q1 2019. The segment’s operating loss reduced slightly to Rs 6.16 crore in Q2 2019 from an operating loss of Rs 8 crore in Q1 2019 and an operating loss of Rs 8.93 crore in Q2 2018.
Let us look at the numbers reported by Den Networks for Q1 2019
Den Networks' consolidated revenue from operations in Q2 2019 was Rs 310.37 crore, Rs 314.18 crore in Q1 2019 and Rs 327.79 crore in Q2 2018. Consolidated total revenue including consolidated other income declined 5.9 percent y-o-y and 2.5 percent q-o-q in Q2 2019 at Rs 315.05 crore from Rs 334.90 crore in Q2 2018 and from Rs 322.98 crore in Q1 2019.
Consolidated total expenditure for the quarter under review increased 11.9 percent y-o-y in Q2 2019 to Rs 336.78 crore (107.3 percent of operating revenue) from Rs 326.12 crore (103.8 percent of operating revenue) in the corresponding quarter of the previous year but declined 1.3 percent q-o-q from Rs 347.07 crore (110.59 percent of operating revenue).
As mentioned above, the company has seen a y-o-y rise in content cost in actual value as well as in terms of percentage of operating revenue. Consolidated content cost increased 11.9 percent y-o-y in Q2 2019 to Rs 148.23 crore (47.2 percent of operating revenue) as compared to Rs 132.47 crore (42.2 percent of operating revenue) in Q2 2018 but declined 1.3 percent q-o-q from Rs 150.12 crore (47.8 percent of operating revenue). Consolidated placement fees increased 3 percent y-o-y in Q2 2019 to Rs 11.02 crore (3.5 percent of operating revenue) from Rs 10.70 crore (3.4 percent of operating revenue) and increased 9.7 percent q-o-q from Rs 10.05 crore (3.2 percent of operating revenue).
Den Networks' consolidated employee benefits expense during the period under review declined 13.7 percent y-o-y to Rs 23.64 crore (7.5 percent of operating revenue) from Rs 27.38 crore (8.7 percent of operating revenue) in Q2 2018 but increased 0.8 percent q-o-q from Rs 23.45 crore (7.5 percent of operating revenue). Consolidated other expenses in Q2 2019 increased 1.3 percent y-o-y to Rs 76.65 crore (24.4 percent of operating revenue) in Q1 2019 from Rs 75.69 crore (24.1 percent of operating revenue) in the corresponding quarter of the previous year but reduced 8.9 percent q-o-q from Rs 84.16 crore (26.8 percent of operating revenue).
Strategic investments in Den by Reliance Industries Ltd
On 17 October 2018, the Mukesh Ambani-led Reliance Industries reported to the bourses that it has decided to make strategic investments thought a primary investment of Rs 2,045 crore through a preferential issue under SEBI regulations and secondary purchase of Rs 245 crore from the existing promoters for a 66 percent stake in Den. Reliance also said that it would make a primary investment of Rs 2,940 crore through a preferential issue under SEBI regulations for a 51.3 percent stake in Hathway Cable and Datacom Ltd (Hathway) of the Rajan Raheja group.
Den Network LimitedMukesh Dhiubhai AmbaniSameer ManchandaRajan RahejaReliance Industries LimitedRILHathway Cable and Datacom LimitedReliance JioEBIDTAS N Sharmaplacement feescontent costMSOLCOQ2 2019Q2 19q2 2018Q2-18Q1 2019Q1-19
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Colts' Castonzo questionable for Sunday
Colts would be using their 42nd different starting offensive line since 2012 if Castonzo is unable to play Sunday
Colts' Castonzo questionable for Sunday Colts would be using their 42nd different starting offensive line since 2012 if Castonzo is unable to play Sunday Check out this story on IndyStar.com: http://indy.st/2A3615x
Zak Keefer, zak.keefer@indystar.com Published 2:46 p.m. ET Nov. 3, 2017 | Updated 3:56 p.m. ET Nov. 3, 2017
Indianapolis Colts tackle Anthony Castonzo (74) during preseason training camp Monday, July 31, 2017, morning at the Colts complex.(Photo: Matt Kryger/IndyStar)
INDIANAPOLIS – The last thing this team needs is another starter down. Come Sunday, that might be the case.
The Indianapolis Colts could be without starting left tackle Anthony Castonzo for Sunday's game in Houston. He's officially listed as questionable, and the Colts will know more following Saturday's walk-through.
Castonzo missed practice Wednesday and Thursday this week, but returned for 10 to 15 snaps Friday. The one consistency amidst the constant turnover the Colts have experienced on the offensive line over the past few years, Castonzo's started 97 of the team's 104 games at the left tackle spot since arriving as a first-round draft pick in 2011.
If Castonzo doesn't go, expect guard Jeremy Vujnovich to slide one spot to his left and the Colts to shuffle from there. Vujnovich isn't Castonzo, but he does have experience at the position from training camp and the preseason.
Le'Raven Clark, who missed Wednesday's practice after the death of his father, returned to practice late in the week and is expected to be available Sunday.
A Castonzo-less unit on Sunday would mean the Colts are using their 42nd different offensive line since 2012. The team leads the NFL in sacks allowed this season, with 33 in eight games.
Simon, Wilson ruled out again
Linebacker John Simon, who is still dealing with a stinger, and cornerback Quincy Wilson (knee) have been ruled out for Sunday. Starting cornerback Rashaan Melvin, who missed this past week's loss with a concussion, is expected to return.
Pagano nominated for award
Indianapolis coach Chuck Pagano was one of four coaches named Friday as nominees for the NFL's Salute to Service Award, The Associated Press reported. The other three coaches: Carolina's Ron Rivera, Tennessee's Mike Mularkey and Baltimore's John Harbaugh — the 2013 winner. There are a total of 32 nominees, one from each NFL team. Finalists will be announced in January; the recipient will be recognized at a Super Bowl eve awards show at which The Associated Press hands out its individual league awards.
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NewsroomNewsING named Best Bank in the World
ING named Best Bank in the World
30 August 2017 ... min read Listen
Global Finance magazine has announced the winners of its World’s Best Global Banks 2017 Awards, where for the first time ever it has named the Best Bank in the World. The winner is ING.
Winners were selected together with corporate financial executives, analysts and bankers throughout the world, based on the banks’ performance over the past year, reputation, and management excellence.
“It’s a great honour to accept Global Finance’s Best Bank in the World award on behalf of all my colleagues, who work hard every day to give our customers the best possible experience.” said Ralph Hamers, CEO of ING. “We constantly look for ways to make banking easier and help our customers make sound financial decisions.”
It’s a great honour to accept Global Finance’s Best Bank in the World award on behalf of all my colleagues, who work hard every day to give our customers the best possible experience
- Ralph Hamers, CEO of ING
Global Finance regularly selects the top performers among banks and other providers of financial services. These awards have become a trusted standard of excellence for the global financial community. Global Finance’s audience includes senior corporate and financial officers responsible for making investment and strategic decisions at multinational companies and financial institutions.
The full World’s Best Global Banks 2017 report will be featured in Global Finance’s October issue.
More information in Global Finance’s press release (PDF 0.3 MB).
Another award to the list!
In December 2016, we were named Best Global Bank by The Banker, another global financial magazine.
04 April 2017 ING again recognised as Top Employer and Great Place to Work
07 July 2016 ING awarded Western Europe’s Best Digital Bank
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Cat Cora of 'Iron Chef' fame is feuding with a Michelin-star restaurant after she was refused a table despite making a reservation
Meredith Cash
Celebrity chef Cat Cora engaged in a public feud with the owners and employees of Chicago's "Alinea" after she said she was refused a table at the restaurant.
Getty Images / Cindy Ord
Celebrity chef Cat Cora and the owners of Chicago's Alinea are feuding after she said she was denied a table at the restaurant on Saturday despite having a reservation.
Alinea co-owner Nick Kokonas wrote a response to Cora's now-deleted Instagram post which criticized the restaurant, saying that Cora did not show up for her initial reservation booked for Friday.
Kokonas said that after Alinea staff rescheduled the booking for Saturday, Cora's assistant canceled the 9 p.m. reservation as it was "too late." According to Kokonas, Cora's assistant was worried she wouldn't get ahold of her boss before she would arrive.
The restaurant, being at full capacity, could not seat Cora when she arrived, according to Kokonas.
Kokonas told INSIDER that he believes that Cora "owes [Alinea] staff an apology for her behavior," while Cora told us that she "did not like the way the restaurant handled the mistake."
Celebrity chef Cat Cora, known as the first female Iron Chef on Food Network's "Iron Chef America," and the owners and employees of Chicago's only Michelin three-star restaurant Alinea recently engaged in a public feud.
The famous chef says she was denied a table when they arrived at Alinea on Saturday night despite having made a reservation. However, the restaurant's co-owner Nick Kokonas said Cora failed to show for a reservation made the previous night on Friday, and said that, after Alinea staff rescheduled the booking for 9 p.m. on Saturday, the reservation was canceled when Cora's assistant told them it was "too late."
Kokonas said the restaurant was at full capacity when Cora arrived and therefore could not seat her.
After she was unable to get a table, Cora shared an Instagram post directed at Alinea
Cora directed the Instagram post at Grant Achatz, the restaurant's head chef and co-owner. She wrote that she had a reservation and yet was told on arrival by Devin McKinney, Alinea's general manager and head of food and beverage, that they made a mistake and did not have a table available.
"We understand that mistakes can be made but at least show your face, come and apologize to your guests," she wrote. "Chef Grant was there per Devon [sic] and didn't even come out."
She concluded the post with a direct message for Achatz, writing: "Chef Grant - you should take a lesson on this from your mentor and my friend #charlietrotter RIP or even some of our other fine colleagues," and proceeded to tag other famous chefs including David Chang and Thomas Keller.
Part one of chef Cat Cora's since-deleted Instagram post, included as a screenshot in a Medium post written by Alinea's co-founder Nick Kokonas.
Nick Kokonas / Medium
Part two of chef Cat Cora's since-deleted Instagram post, included as a screenshot in a Medium post written by Alinea's co-founder Nick Kokonas.
"After a frustrating encounter, the post was originally put up a to start a conversation about what hospitality means to people," Cora told INSIDER over email. "My wife and I did not like the way the restaurant handled the mistake they made with our reservation. [...] We accomplished what we wanted: a conversation."
Alinea co-owner Nick Kokonas wrote a response to Cora's Instagram post on Medium in which he defended his employees and claimed that Cora had actually missed her first reservation
According to screenshots of messages from the booking app Tock, which were included in Kokonas' Medium post, Cora's assistant, Veronica Van Sant, made a reservation for Cora and her wife for Friday, March 1, at 5 p.m.
When they did not arrive for their initial reservation, Kokonas said that Alinea staff reached out to reschedule for 9 p.m. the following night and included further screenshotted messages in his Medium post. According to the messages, Van Sant agreed but subsequently notified the restaurant that the new reservation would be too late.
Since Alinea said it was fully committed for Saturday night in one of the screenshotted messages, Kokonas said on Medium that Chef Achatz confirmed to staff in advance that Cora could not be seated at an earlier time. According to Kokonas, a member of Alinea's hospitality team called Van Sant to relay the message that Cora and her wife would not be seated if they arrived without a reservation.
Cora in action.
Mark Von Holden/Invision for James Beard Foundation/AP Images
According to the record Kokonas said the hospitality team sent him, Van Sant requested that Chef Achatz call Cora directly, but the Alinea staff member told her that, as the person who booked the reservation, it was her responsibility to notify Cora. Van Sant then voiced concerns about whether she would be able to get in touch with Cora and that the couple might show up for dinner anyway, which they did.
"We were told that she would likely show up anyways wanting a table," Kokonas told INSIDER in an email. He said that it is "the Alinea Group's policy not to comment on private guests’ experiences," but he said that he made an exception given Cora's behavior after she was denied a seating at the restaurant Saturday night.
Kokonas wrote on Medium that, after Cora had been informed that Alinea staff would not give her a table, she "proceeded to create a scene, accuse our staff of sexism, invoked a 'chef's code' whereby we were expected to 'roll a table into the kitchen' for her, and then left with 'f--- you, f--- Grant, f--- Alinea' while flipping off one of our kindest veteran servers who tried mightily to apologize even though the situation was not his fault."
Chef Grant Achatz presents Alinea Madrid restaurant on January 11, 2016.
Carlos Alvarez/Getty Images
"It's odd to me that anyone thinks there is ambiguity here," Kokonas told INSIDER. "She showed up and didn't have a table. From all communication, she should have known that — and she demanded a table due to 'chef code.' But even if we made an error, our team doesn't deserve the verbal abuse and tirade that she gave them. I cannot imagine a restaurant owner doing that in another restaurant and then lecturing us on hospitality. That's why I posted on Medium."
Kokonas told us that Cora deleting her Instagram post "speaks volumes."
"She has not contacted our team at all," he added. "I believe she owes our staff an apology for her behavior."
Despite the disagreement, Cora seemed to have a positive message for Chef Achatz.
"We wish Grant, who is undeniably one of the most accomplished chefs, only the best," Cora told INSIDER. "We always try to support local restaurants and chefs wherever we go and will continue to do so."
Read more: Inside the best restaurant in America — and how its star chef comes up with elaborate 19-course tasting menus
SEE ALSO: Reese's new Thins are a perfect little treat for peanut butter cup lovers. Here's how they stack up next to the original and 'Big Cup' versions.
More: Cat Cora Chef Alinea Michelin Star
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Industry in jackal row
A bout of name-calling from the elected ones.
The insurance industry has been called many things, not all of them complimentary. But this week in a Commons debate on asbestos-related illnesses, insurers were likened to jackals, the omnivorous scavengers.
Labour MP Michael Clapham singled out Nick Starling, the ABI’s director of general insurance and health, and said: “The insurance industry comes back time and again, like a jackal, to tackle the issue of occupational disease caused by asbestos.”
MPs want to overturn the House of Lords’ ruling made in October that says victims of pleural plaques cannot claim compensation.
Not surprisingly, insurers do not.
Starling, who described the comments as offensive, nevertheless kept his cool and concentrated instead on picking holes in the less personal parts of the MP’s argument.
Readers will recall that Starling is no stranger to the spin and inflammatory comments of the Westminster village.
As Insurance Times reported last month (News, 22 May), he was less than pleased with the government’s attempts to spin the insurance industry’s efforts to help the victims of last summer’s floods.
Beware the wolves of Westminster.
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Novel Techniques in the Surgical Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
By Vasileia Ntomi, Anna Paspala and Dimitrios Schizas
Submitted: April 5th 2018Reviewed: July 5th 2018Published: November 21st 2018
Home > Books > Liver Cancer
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver malignancy with cirrhosis preceding its development in most cases. Surgical resection remains the primary therapeutic option despite the recent emergence of locoregional therapies. Novel surgical techniques are being proposed to overcome the limitations of traditional anatomical open liver resection. Laparoscopic resection is a safe and effective alternative to open liver resection, especially for left lateral or peripheral segment tumors. It is associated with less postoperative morbidity, intraoperative blood loss, and medial hospital stay with no difference in oncological outcomes. Robotic-assisted liver resection overcomes the technically difficult resection of tumors located at the posterosuperior segments with similar outcomes to laparoscopic resection. Associated liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS) procedure allows resection in patients with HCC, and associated major vascular resection or small future liver remnant (FLR) with long-term results yet to be announced. For patients with small solitary tumors or poor liver function, nonanatomical liver resection is a feasible therapeutic option due to minimal postoperative morbidity and similar oncological results of anatomical resection.
ALPPS
Vasileia Ntomi
Third Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Greece
Anna Paspala
Dimitrios Schizas*
First Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Greece
*Address all correspondence to: schizasad@gmail.com
Liver CancerEdited by Ahmed Lasfar
Edited by Ahmed Lasfar
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common malignancy and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide [1]. Cirrhotic patients have the highest risk of developing HCC [2]. Numerous factors contribute to cirrhosis which precedes HCC development, including viral hepatitis, heavy drinking, and aflatoxin exposure. Hepatitis C epidemic in the Western world and Hepatitis B epidemic in China have attributed to the incidence of HCC [3]. However, HCC has a dismal prognosis, mainly due to the early recurrence; about 40% of patients that have undergone hepatectomy develop recurrence within the first year after surgery [2].
Although liver transplantation is considered as the ideal treatment, hepatic resection remains the only curative method of therapy for HCC. Other methods of potentially curative therapy are radiofrequency ablation (RFA), microwave ablation (MWA), high power focused ultrasound ablation (HIFU), and transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) [4, 5].
Novel surgical techniques are being proposed to overcome the limitations of traditional anatomical open liver resection. Laparoscopic and robotic resection as well as nonanatomical resection and ALPPS procedure have emerged as new and effective ways of surgical therapy for HCC.
The aim of this chapter is to analyze the aforementioned novel surgical techniques in the management of HCC and present the results from the relevant studies.
2. Laparoscopic liver resection for HCC
Laparoscopic surgery has become widely accepted as a feasible alternative to traditional open surgery for many surgical indications. The first laparoscopic hepatectomy was performed in 1992, for a benign tumor by Gagner et al. [6], and the first laparoscopic resection for HCC was reported in 1995 [7].
The liver presents many and significant technical challenges for minimally invasive techniques. Its mobilization is difficult, the space is limited, its vascular and biliary anatomy is complex and the parenchyma is fragile, friable and often fibrotic or cirrhotic [8]. Nevertheless, numerous studies have already shown the feasibility and safety of wedge resections, single-segment resections, and left lateral sectionectomies [9, 10].
The first international consensus conference on laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) was held in Louisville in 2008. It was suggested that the best indications for laparoscopic excision were solitary lesions less than 5 cm, located in the anterior segments. Also, the resection should be far from the hepatic hilum and the vena cava [11]. The second international consensus was held in Morioka, Japan in 2014, stating that anatomical resection for HCC is standard of care procedure, but the laparoscopic version needs to be standardized to increase propagation [12].
There are many reasons why laparoscopic major hepatectomy has not been widely accepted and performed yet. There are technical difficulties related to liver mobilization, vascular control, inability for manual palpation, access to posterosuperior liver segments, and intraoperative hazards such as gas embolism, massive bleeding, and bile duct injury [13, 14].
The benefits of laparoscopic surgery, though, have long been proven. Early postoperative ambulation, decreased respiratory complications, minimization of blood loss, minimal abdominal trauma, and less postoperative pain are some of the accepted benefits of laparoscopic surgery. For cirrhotic patients with HCC, the minimization of the surgical incision and the subsequent preservation of the abdominal wall circulation and lymphatic flow explains the decrease in postoperative liver failure and ascites formation [15].
The last decade, several meta-analyses of laparoscopic vs. open resection for HCC have been published [16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23]. These meta-analyses have analyzed and compared the results of many nonrandomized control trials and case-matched studies. Three categories of outcomes were used to compare the two operative techniques:
Operative outcomes, such as operative time, operative blood loss, and number of patients that needed transfusion.
Postoperative outcomes, such as morbidity, mortality, and hospital stay.
Oncologic results, such as pathologic resection margins, incidence of port-site recurrence, disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS).
Jiang et al. [16] reported the superiority of laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) concerning the reduced intraoperative blood loss and blood transfusion, the expansion of the pathologic resection margins, the increase of R0 resection, and the shorter length of hospital stay. Laparoscopic resection has similar OS, DFS, and recurrence rate as open liver resection (OLR).
Sotiropoulos et al. [17], in a recent meta-analysis of 44 studies, showed that laparoscopic resection is superior to open resection in terms of resection margin and R0 resection. It is possible that this difference in resection margin and R0 excision is due to the smaller size of tumors resected in the laparoscopic group. It was confirmed that the laparoscopic technique is strongly associated with less blood loss, fewer blood transfusions, less postoperative pain, faster recovery, and shorter hospital stay. Operative time and tumor recurrence were not statistically different between LLR and OLR as well as the long-term oncological results such as OS and DFS. These results confirm those of previous authors [15, 18, 21, 22]. Hand-assisted laparoscopic or laparoscopy-assisted resections (hybrid group) gain statistical advantage over the OLR group concerning the negative resection margin width and influence the results in favor of LLR. They, however, showed no difference as to the OS and 30-day mortality compared to the OLR group.
The main concerns about LLR are the inadequate tumor resection margins and the potential risk of port-site recurrence. Tumor recurrence is the main cause of death in patients with HCC. The adequate tumor-free margin is a prognostic indicator of HCC [23]. Due to the lack of tactile sensation in laparoscopic surgery, the tumor location is sometimes difficult to determine. Intraoperative ultrasonography is a useful tool for precise identification of lesions and its borders [24, 25]. Another concerning factor is the risk of tumor peritoneal dissemination and port-site metastases [26, 27]. Interestingly, there has not been any evidence so far of tumor peritoneal dissemination or port-site metastases [20, 22]. The use of a plastic bag to remove the specimen can help to prevent this complication.
Concern has also been raised about the safety of laparoscopic techniques in cirrhotic patients. A plethora of patients with HCC also suffer from cirrhosis. Portal hypertension is a major risk factor for the development of postoperative decompensation [28, 29]. The benefits of LLR can be attributed to the preservation of the abdominal wall collateral circulation and the preservation of the round ligament which may contain significant collateral veins [18]. In a study by Tranchart et al., LLR had lower rates of liver decompensation, with the occurrence of postoperative liver failure and ascites ranging from 7 to 8% in LLR vs. 26–36% in OLR [30]. One study from Japan showed lower rates of morbidity, ascites formation, and shorter hospital stay following LLR with no difference in survival [31]. A recent meta-analysis presented intraoperative and postoperative outcomes of patients with known cirrhosis undergoing resection for HCC, comparing results for OLR and LLR [32]. This meta-analysis showed wider resection margins, reduced intraoperative blood loss and transfusion need, as well as reduced morbidity rates and shorter lengths of stay with the laparoscopic approach. Another study by Sotiropoulos et al. [33] mentioned the difference in results concerning cirrhotic patients that undergo LLR vs. OLR. The operative time was longer as anticipated, but the blood loss and morbidity had no statistical difference from the noncirrhotic group. The mortality rate was significantly lower in the cirrhotic subgroup when LLR was performed. Although patients with preserved liver function are the best candidates for LLR, cirrhotic patients benefit from LLR in terms of shorter hospital stay, complication rate, and long-term oncologic outcomes.
Tumor recurrence after primary HCC has been shown to be 30–70% at 5 years, limiting the overall survival of these patients [34, 35]. Numerous studies have been published reporting the results of repeat laparoscopic liver resection (RLLR) in patients with recurrent HCC [36, 37, 38]. A recent systematic review by Machairas et al. demonstrates RLLR as a safe and promising approach for the treatment of recurrent HCC, with significant benefits in terms of short-term outcomes with the oncologic adequacy not compromised [39].
The conversion rate has decreased from 5–15% [9, 40] to 4%, indicative of the surgeons’ growing experience, with the most common causes being bleeding and failure to progress secondary to difficult exposure.
Overall, LLR can facilitate a safe and feasible approach to the surgical management of HCC. Major laparoscopic hepatectomy still remains a technically demanding procedure and should only be performed by highly experienced hepatobiliary surgeons with training in laparoscopic surgery. Longer follow-up periods are needed for more definite conclusions about the survival probability of the LLR vs. the OLR groups.
3. Robotic liver resection for HCC
Robotic liver resection (RLR) has been incorporated into clinical practice with increasing frequency since 2003 when the first report of a robotic liver resection was published by Giulianotti et al. [41].
Robotic technology was developed to overcome the technical difficulties of laparoscopic surgery; precision of movement, three-dimensional vision, magnification of the operative field, motion scaling, tremor filtering, and seven degrees of movement mimicking the human hand provide steady and careful dissection as well as prompt and precise endosuturing in case of intraoperative bleeding. A major advantage of the robotic technology in liver surgery is the dissection of the hilum and the hepatocaval dissection in right hepatectomy [42] as well as the possibility of biliary reconstruction due to the microsuturing capacity of the robotic system [43].
All published liver resections were performed using the da Vinci Surgical System (Intuitive Surgical Inc., Sunnyvale, CA USA). The major disadvantage of robotic surgery is the high cost due to the longer operating time and the instruments required, in spite of the similar hospitalization costs [44]. The purchase and maintenance costs are significant, and that is the reason for the limited incorporation of the robotic system in many facilities.
A large series by Tsung et al. [45] compared RLR to LLR and with the exception of operative time, and they found no significant differences comparing operative and postoperative results of RLR and LLR. The R0 status did not change, and the oncologic margin was not compromised. It must be highlighted that using a minimally invasive technique, a greater percentage of minor and major hepatectomies was completed; 93% of RLRs were accomplished in a purely minimally invasive manner compared with 49.1% performed laparoscopically.
Chen et al. [46] compared RLR with OLR for HCC providing superior short-term outcomes for RLR (shorter length of stay and decreased need for patient-controlled analgesia) and similar long-term outcomes (DFS and OS) despite longer operative times for RLR. A substantial proportion of patients suffered from cirrhosis and half of patients underwent major hepatectomy. They reported a DFS in 1 year of 91.5% with the RLR, whereas DFS was 79.2%. Overall survival in 1 and 3 years did not differ between the two groups. The authors reported that the patients treated with RLR had significantly wider surgical margins compared with OLR. This matched comparison offers support for further RLR in patients with HCC, performed by experienced surgeons.
Another study by Lai et al. [47] presented the results of RLR vs. LLR for HCC. Robotic group had longer mean operating time (207.4 vs. 134.2 min). Both groups had similar blood loss (334.6 vs. 336 ml) and no difference in morbidity. Mortality rate was 0% in both groups. They reported a comparable 5-year DFS and 5-year OS between RLR and LLR (42 vs. 38% and 65 vs. 48%, respectively) in patients with HCC.
Salloum et al. [48] included 14 studies in their systematic review, with HCC comprising the majority of the malignant cases. Mortality was 0%, and overall morbidity ranged from 0 to 43.3%, results comparable to laparoscopy. The mean duration of LOS was similar in both techniques. There was no statistically significant difference between RLR and LLR concerning the surgical margins or R1 resections. No clear advantages of RLR over LLR were noted; therefore, it is difficult to establish the true indications for RLR. Nevertheless, RLR has the same advantages as LLR in terms of shorter LOS and postoperative return to normal activities. Also, it seems that the learning curve for RLR is shorter than that of LLR.
The most recent systematic review from Tsilimigras et al. [49] included 31 studies with HCC being the leading indication among malignancies, comparing RLR to LLR or OLR. Median operative time was 295.5 min, EBL was 224.5 ml, conversion rate was 5.9%, and complication rate was 17.6% in the RLR group. The complications were graded according to the Clavien-Dindo classification [50], with the most common complication being bile leak (2.9%). In minor resections, the complication rate was 14.8% compared with the major resections, where the complication rate was 17%. Most of the studies show no benefit of RLR over LLR concerning safety and feasibility and multicenter, and randomized, prospective trials are needed to validate the exact indications and benefits of RLR.
Buchs et al. [51], in a systematic review of eight studies, compared RLR to LLR with the majority of the malignant cases being HCC (50.3%). There were minor and major hepatectomy procedures, and tumor size ranged from 8 to 120 mm. In the RLR group, there was no mortality, and the overall complication rate was 23.3% which fell to 19% when only postoperative complications were considered. A reduction of the conversion rate during major hepatectomy was reported as well. Overall, there was no clear outcome difference between RLR and LLR.
Ocuin et al. [52] included 14 major series in their review with the most common indication for resection being HCC. The estimated blood loss (EBL) ranged from 50 to 413 ml and transfusion rates from 0 to 44%. An overall conversion rate of 7% and an overall complication rate of 21% were reported. No perioperative mortality was associated with RLR. Length of stay (LOS) varied from 4 to 12 days. One study by Ji et al. showed a shorter LOS following RLR than OLR (10 vs. 7 days) [53]. Most series reported a high R0 resection rate with no port site recurrences. Recurrence rates following RLR were similar to those reported for LLR [9].
In conclusion, robotic liver resection is an acceptable alternative to open surgery with the robotic approach allowing an increased proportion of major hepatectomies to be performed in a minimally invasive manner [54]. These encouraging results should prompt the expansion of the robotic approach by highly specialized surgeons in experience centers worldwide.
4. Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for liver surgery (ALPPS) for HCC
Surgical resection is the only potential curative treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In many cases, a major hepatectomy is required to achieve tumor-free surgical margins. However, the volume and functional reserve of the future liver remnant (FLR) are essential to avoid post-hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF), which is a crucial and important cause of morbidity and mortality after extensive liver resection [55]. In recent decades, some new strategies, such as portal vein embolization (PVE), portal vein ligation (PVL), and two-staged hepatectomy (TSH) have been developed to induce regeneration of FLR, minimizing the risk of PHLF and finally expanding the resectability criteria in HCC and generally in liver tumors [56]. Makuuchi et al. first introduced portal vein embolization into clinical practice in 1980s [57]. In 2015, a systematic review and meta-analysis from Pandanaboyana et al. compared PVL and PVE to assess the percentile increase of the FLR, morbidity, mortality, and tumor progression [58]. This meta-analysis revealed that the difference in the mean percentile increase in the FLR between those two techniques was not statistically significant, with similar results in morbidity, mortality, and disease progression.
In 2000s, Adam et al. first described the two-staged hepatectomy for liver malignancies in which a single surgical procedure was not possible [59]. The primary reason for the failure of TSH is tumor progression between two stages or an insufficient hypertrophy in FLR after the first stage of the procedure (portal vein occlusion).
An innovative, accelerated two-staged technique utilizing PVL and in situ split (ISS) of hepatic parenchyma was first described in 2012 by Schnitzbauer et al. [60]. In the same year, De Santibanes et al. named this procedure as ALPPS procedure (associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy) [61]. In 2007, ALPPS was first performed by chance by German surgeon Dr. Schlitt [62, 63]. In an attempt to perform an extended right hepatectomy for a perihilar cholangiocarcinoma, he intraoperatively realized that FLR was inadequate. He resected the liver adjacent to the falciform ligament after performing a left hepaticojejunostomy. The right portal vein was also ligated for the purpose of left lobe hypertrophy. Out of curiosity, on postoperative day 8, he performed a computed tomography (CT) scan. To his surprise, the left lateral section had extensively grown in size. He successfully removed the diseased liver in a second operation.
ALPPS indications are an FLR < 30% in patients with a normal liver or an FLR < 40% in patients with a cholestatic, steatotic or fibrotic liver [64]. Therefore, ALPPS can be performed for marginally resectable or locally advanced tumors with an inadequate FLR. This technique constitutes a surgical strategy for colorectal liver metastases, hilar cholangiocarcinoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma [64]. On the other hand, contradictions for ALPPS procedure include unresectable liver metastases in the FLR, unresectable extrahepatic metastases, severe portal hypertension, high anesthetic risks, and a poor condition of the patient prior to this major operation [64]. Patients with cirrhotic liver are less capable for hypertrophy of FLR after portal vein obstruction (PVL or PVE) than patients with healthy liver parenchyma. Vennarecci et al. reported that ALPPS for HCC is safe even when performing a major hepatectomy in a cirrhotic liver. They also mentioned that ALPPS induces a significant increase in FLR between the first and the second stage of the procedure and after hepatectomy, either in healthy or cirrhotic patients [65].
It has been reported that postoperative morbidity and mortality after ALPPS are 16–64 and 12–23%, respectively, with the main cause of morbidity being bile leakage and sepsis and the main cause of mortality being PHLF [66, 67]. In the latest systematic review and meta-analysis by Zhou et al., 719 patients were included, and the aim was to compare the regeneration efficiency, safety, and complication rates of ALPPS and TSH. The degree of FLR regeneration in ALPPS was significantly higher than that in TSH, and the interval of the two stages in ALPPS was obviously shorter than that in TSH. Bile fistulas were much more common after ALPPS with the reason being the liver splitting that is mandatory during this procedure. Although ALPPS had lower 1-year DFS rate, no significant difference in the 90-day mortality rate was discovered comparing the two techniques [66]. ALPPS was associated with a higher completion rate, a lower probability of tumor progression during the stage interval, and a lower insufficient regeneration rate; these findings are similar to those of previous studies [56, 67, 68].
Many variations of the ALPPS technique have been recently mentioned in the literature with the aim of improving safety and extending indications of hepatectomy. Modifications, such as avoiding liver mobilization and hepatoduodenal skeletonization, seem to prevent tumor spreading, adhesions, overall invasiveness, and parenchymal ischemia [69, 70, 71, 72, 73]. In addition, anterior approaches, portal vein embolization (PVE) as an alternative to ligation, partial liver splitting, tourniquet application or ablation procedures replacing parenchymal transection, and laparoscopic approaches represent fundamental modifications to the original ALPPS procedure that aim to improve safety [15]. The result of these modifications is the reduction of morbidity and mortality in this innovative surgical procedure. Furthermore, prospective controlled studies are needed to confirm which of these modifications should be considered as a reliable and safe alternative strategy to classical ALPPS.
5. Anatomical vs. nonanatomical resection for HCC
The incidence of HCC continues to increase due to the dissemination of hepatitis B and C virus infection. Hepatic resection is the gold standard treatment for HCC [74]. Nevertheless, postoperative recurrence of HCC, 3 and 5 years after hepatectomy is 50–60% and 70–90%, respectively [75, 76].
It is known that HCC invades mainly the intrahepatic vascular system and spreads along the portal and hepatic vein branches, producing intrahepatic metastases [77, 78].
Since Makuuchi et al. introduced the concept of anatomical resection (AR), the advantages of anatomic resection for HCC have been suggested in many studies [79]. On the other hand, limited nonanatomic resection (NR) with a minimal safety margin may be preferred for patients with impaired liver function [80]. Tanaka et al. showed that microscopic vascular invasion was more important than tumor size as a predictive factor for local recurrence [81].
Anatomical liver resection is a plausible option for patients with HCC, as HCC tends to cause intrahepatic metastasis through vascular invasion, and its advantages in improved OS or DFS for HCC patients have widely been reported [82].
In a systematic review of Cucchetti et al., AR seemed to yield improved 5-year OS and DFS compared to NR [83]. Zhou et al. [84] and Bigonzi et al. [85] presented significantly improved 5-year OS with AR.
Nonanatomic resection is recommended for patients with impaired liver function [86, 87]. The plausible reason is that NR can preserve as much functional liver as possible, with surgical curability and hepatic function equally important [87, 88]. The preservation of hepatic functional reserve allows effective treatment options in HCC recurrence, which may also improve the long-term prognosis [87, 89].
The superiority of anatomical resection (AR) over nonanatomic resection (NR) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains controversial. Marubashi et al. reported no significant differences in OS, DFS or recurrence within 2 years after hepatectomy between the AR and NR groups [90]. Likewise, Tanaka et al. reported no outstanding difference in the recurrence rates and OS between AR and NR patient groups; it was also stated that survival rates after recurrence and median survival time after recurrence were higher in the NR group compared to the AR group for patients with a solitary HCC confined to 1 or 2 liver segments [91]. Chen et al. reported in their meta-analysis that AR contributed to better DFS, but did not improve OS [92]. Thus, the superiority of AR over NR is still controversial. Furthermore, Yamamoto et al. reported that AR is associated with more perioperative risks. The same study revealed significantly greater intraoperative blood loss and longer postoperative hospital stay for the AR group [82].
In 2010, Yamashita et al. [80] published a retrospective study of 321 patients with HCC. About 120 patients underwent limited nonanatomic resection (NR) for a single HCC < 5 cm. In noncirrhotic patients (n = 215), both 5-year OS and DFS rates in the AR group were considerably better than those in the NR group (87 vs. 76% and 63 vs. 35%, respectively). In cirrhotic patients (n = 106), both 5-year OS and DFS in the AR group were worse than those in the NR group (48 vs. 72% and 28 vs. 43%, respectively).
According to their results, the width of the resection margin did not influence postoperative recurrence, and major hepatic resections did not improve patients’ survival. The main disadvantage of AR in comparison with NR is the limitation of a repeat resection, which would be the most effective treatment for recurrence, because of its disadvantageous effects on remnant liver function [93, 94].
In conclusion, there is a need for more, large, prospective, multicenter studies to confirm the data about any possible superiority of nonanatomic resection for HCC.
Hepatocellular carcinoma is a malignancy with an increasing incidence and a dismal prognosis. Patients are often referred to specialists in an advanced stage of the disease. Surgery is the primary treatment and novel surgical techniques are developed offering better perioperative and oncological results (Table 1). Nevertheless, prospective, randomized controlled studies have to be designed for the confirmation of such possible advantages of those new surgical techniques.
Laparoscopic resection
Early ambulation
Decreased respiratory complications
Minimal abdominal trauma
Less postoperative pain
Decrease in PHLF
Reduced blood loss
Shorter length of hospital stay
Increase of R0 resection
Vascular control
Difficult access to posterosuperior segments
Massive bleeding
No manual palpation
Longer operative time
[13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 23, 26, 27]
Robotic resection
Precision of movement
3-dimensional vision
7 degrees of movement
Precise endosuturing
Dissection of the hilum
Biliary reconstruction
Shorter length of stay
High cost
Specialized surgeons
[42, 43, 44, 46, 54]
Increase in FLR
Application to cirrhotic patients
Marginally resectable tumors
Locally advances tumors
Severe portal hypertension
High risk patients
High rates of post-operative morbidity and mortality
Bile leakage
Nonanatomical resection
Repeat resection
Impaired liver function
No difference in recurrence rates
Less intra-operative blood loss
Cirrhotic patients
Worse 5-year OS and DFS
Width of resection margin
Microscopic vascular invasion
[80, 81, 83, 84, 85, 90, 91, 93, 94]
Advantages and limitations of novel surgical techniques for hepatocellular carcinoma management.
2.Laparoscopic liver resection for HCC
3.Robotic liver resection for HCC
4.Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for liver surgery (ALPPS) for HCC
5.Anatomical vs. nonanatomical resection for HCC
6.Conclusion
Vasileia Ntomi, Anna Paspala and Dimitrios Schizas (November 21st 2018). Novel Techniques in the Surgical Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Liver Cancer, Ahmed Lasfar, IntechOpen, DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.79982. Available from:
Metabolic Risk Factors in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
By Andra-Iulia Suceveanu, Laura Mazilu, Andreea-Daniela Gheorghe, Anca Pantea Stoian, Felix Voinea and Adrian-Paul Suceveanu
Colorectal Cancer BiologyFrom Genes to TumorEdited by Rajunor Ettarh
Colorectal Cancer Biology
Edited by Rajunor Ettarh
Colorectal Cancer: It Starts and It Runs
By Rajunor Ettarh
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FDA Guidance Needed to Assure Safe Labeling Practices by 503A and 503B Compounders
Problem: Increasingly, ISMP has been receiving complaints and reports of errors, some serious, about prefilled compounded syringes that look alike. Drug shortages may be worsening the situation, as hospitals may be relying more on compounders they have not previously used to fulfill their needs. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) does not hold the labeling of drugs compounded or repackaged by pharmacies or outsourcing facilities to all of the same standards as FDA-approved products. For example, if certain conditions are met, federal law exempts compounded drugs from the requirement for labeling with adequate directions for use. Further, ISMP has become aware that some compounders deviate from USP <7> labeling standards. Specifically, under USP <7>, the strength per total volume should be the primary and prominent expression on the principal display panel of the label, followed by the amount per mL enclosed by parentheses (a USP requirement since 2009). However, ISMP has observed that the strength per mL has often been used as the primary expression on compounders’ labels, leading to inconsistencies between products available in the hospital, thus creating unsafe conditions. Errors have occurred when the more prominent per mL strength is mistaken as the total amount of drug in the syringe. Such errors were the impetus for the USP <7> requirement for prominence of the strength per total volume on labels.
Our March 23, 2017, newsletter described a case in which a pharmacist and an anesthesiologist reported finding two syringes of succinylcholine with the strength displayed differently, both in the same pocket of the anesthesia cart in the operating room (OR) suite. Each syringe contained the same amount of drug, but one, from Cantrell Drug Company, was labeled using the USP <7> standard of strength per total volume, while the other one, from PharMEDium, listed the amount per mL as the primary display of concentration (Figure 1). Both practitioners thought a significant medication error could occur if the succinylcholine strength was misidentified. Apparently, syringes from the two compounders had been purchased and stocked without noticing and addressing the labeling inconsistency.
Figure 1. Both syringes contain the same drug, strength, and volume, but the primary display of strength is expressed per total volume (top) on the syringe from Cantrell Drug Company and per mL on the PharMEDium syringe label (bottom).
ISMP has also received reports of high-dose, 1 mg per 10 mL (100 mcg/mL) EPINEPHrine syringes that were placed in OR syringe bundles that normally contained 100 mcg per 10 mL (10 mcg/mL) EPINEPHrine syringes (Figure 2). To prevent look-alike product mix-ups, pharmacy staff had affixed auxiliary labels to the syringes to differentiate between the high- and low-dose EPINEPHrine. However, a technician misapplied a 10 mcg per mL auxiliary label to a high-dose syringe.
Figure 2. Look-alike outsourced EPINEPHrine syringes from PharMEDium.
There has also been confusion reported between HYDROmorphone and fentaNYL syringes from QuVa Pharma, a 503B compounder. While the two syringes clearly communicate their respective drug names, there are other similarities that may draw attention away from reading and discerning the drug name. These similarities include using the same ASTM International standard blue color code for opioid analgesics on the label, a flagged white section of the label common to both syringes, the same syringe sizes, and same red color for the tamper-evident caps (Figure 3).
Figure 3. Look-alike fentaNYL and HYDROmorphone syringes from QuVa Pharma with the same ASTM International blue color on the label, a flagged white section of the label common to both syringes, and the same color tamper-evident caps.
Another look-alike compounded syringe error reported recently involved a patient in a hypotensive state during surgery. FDA received an expedited manufacturer report from Nephron Pharmaceuticals about a patient given the neuromuscular blocking agent succinylcholine instead of the intended vasoconstrictor medication, phenylephrine. The patient’s hypotensive state was prolonged due to the medication error. Fortunately, the event resolved without further medical intervention as the patient was already intubated and under anesthesia at the time of the inadvertent administration of succinylcholine. The person reporting the incident mentioned that both syringes were “placed backwards” (drug name down) in the tray, with the Nephron logo facing up, making the syringes look similar. Figures 4a and 4b show the Nephron succinylcholine and phenylephrine syringes, with labels showing the drug names in one orientation (Figure 4a) but looking identical when placed drug name down in the tray (Figure 4b). The company recently revised these labels (Figure 4c).
Figure 4a. Nephron phenylephrine and succinylcholine syringes differentiated by ASTM International standard color coding.
Figure 4b. Same two syringes shown in Figure 4a look identical when placed drug name down in the tray.
Figure 4c. Nephron succinylcholine and phenylephrine labels have recently been revised and improved.
Based on reports sent to ISMP and FDA, 503A pharmacies and 503B outsourcing facilities inconsistently follow label guidelines required of manufacturers under FDA and USP standards. Look-alike labeling is also a problem, and there are other serious issues that have contributed to errors. For example, some compounders package highly concentrated, high-alert medications in a single syringe, with the expectation that the entire contents or aliquots will be used to make diluted drug infusions. However, mishaps may occur that result in the administration of the entire syringe contents, undiluted.
Safe Practice Recommendations: FDA should not allow products from compounders to follow different container labeling standards than commercial manufacturers, thus creating unsafe conditions. Unfortunately, sections 503A and 503B of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act exempt compounded drugs from some of the labeling required of commercial drug manufacturers. FDA should convene a Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee meeting to review relevant error reports received since implementation of the Compounding Quality Act and sections 503A and 503B. The goal should be to publish a guidance that calls upon compounders to follow the same safety standards required of commercial manufacturers, including a requirement for 503B compounders, which are regulated by FDA under the Act, to submit their labels to FDA for review. While regulatory changes are considered, compounders should voluntarily comply with the same labeling standards currently required for commercial manufacturers.
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COAST & COUNTRY NEWS
Coast & Country News magazine subscription
Coast & Country News is your magazine-style monthly publication covering news, views, opinions, and experiences on all kinds of farms, orchards, conservation, rural operations and lifestyle blocks around the Franklin, Waikato, Coromandel, Bay of Plenty, Central Plateau and King Country regions. Read more
Coast & Country News is your magazine-style monthly publication covering news, views, opinions, and experiences on all kinds of farms, orchards, conservation, rural operations and lifestyle blocks around the Franklin, Waikato, Coromandel, Bay of Plenty, Central Plateau and King Country regions.
We love telling stories about people and what they’re doing on and with the land. We keep tabs on all rural industries’ developments, challenges and successes.
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EntertainmentStar WarsShareSubscribe
Study: Monkeys Can Mentally Drive Wheelchairs With This Brain Interface
In the future, being paralyzed won't mean you can't move.
By Peter Rugg
Filed Under Work
Mentally-controlled prosthetic limbs have reached the point where they’re no longer the stuff of Star Wars, but what if you need more than a robotic hand? Good news. Duke University neuroscientists announced Thursday they’ve developed a wireless brain-machine interface (BMI) that let two monkeys control a wheelchair with their minds.
According to findings published in Scientific Reports, the researchers say the BMI could someday be used to develop similar systems that would allow the paralyzed to become mobile.
The study’s two rhesus macaques had hundreds of “multi-electrode arrays” implanted in their brains, so scientists could record their premotor and sensorimotor cortical neurons — two parts of the brain connected to movement and sensation.
Here’s a chart showing just where the wiring went:
A BMI interface implanted in a rhesus monkey's brain and detailed here shows how the animals could control a wheelchair with its thoughts.
At first scientists only recorded the monkey’s brain activity while they were seated in the wheelchair moving outside of their control. They used those patterns to write an algorithm to control the chair’s movements. Using that system, the monkeys were able to drive the wheelchair toward a randomly placed bowl of fruit using only their thoughts after just a few days of training.
This animated GIF was sped up to show the entire process.
Miguel Nicolelis is the mind behind the Walk Again Project, which aims to develop tech that will use a paralyzed body’s brainwaves to write signals that can control machines.
The monkey's brain waves were monitored to create an operating system.
Their work helped this paraplegic man to kick off the 2014 World Cup in Brazil using a mechanical exoskeleton, operating on a similarly thought-controlled process.
And this isn’t the first time someone’s made a thought-controlled wheelchair. They’ve been around since at least 2009. But those systems relied on external equipment. This new study shows you can get even better results with an implant.
Media via Scientific Reports, NATURE, Nature
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Morningstar Rating ™
Overall Rating - Target-Date 2050 Category
As of 12/31/2019 the Fund had an overall rating of N/A stars out of 206 funds and was rated N/A stars out of 206 funds, N/A stars out of 164 funds and N/A stars out of 77 funds for the 3-, 5- and 10- year periods, respectively.
Morningstar details
Source: Morningstar Inc. Ratings are based on a risk-adjusted return measure that accounts for variation in a fund's monthly performance, placing more emphasis on downward variations and rewarding consistent performance. Open-end mutual funds and exchange-traded funds are considered a single population for comparison purposes. Ratings are calculated for funds with at least a three year history. The overall rating is derived from a weighted average of three-, five- and 10-year rating metrics, as applicable, excluding sales charges and including fees and expenses. ©2019 Morningstar Inc. All rights reserved. The information contained herein is proprietary to Morningstar and/or its content providers. It may not be copied or distributed and is not warranted to be accurate, complete or timely. Neither Morningstar nor its content providers are responsible for any damages or losses arising from any use of this information. Past performance does not guarantee future results. The top 10% of funds in a category receive five stars, the next 22.5% four stars, the next 35% three stars, the next 22.5% two stars and the bottom 10% one star. Ratings are subject to change monthly. Had fees not been waived and/or expenses reimbursed currently or in the past, the Morningstar rating would have been lower. Ratings for other share classes may differ due to different performance characteristics.
Duy Nguyen, CFA, CAIA
Senior Portfolio Manager
Jacob Borbidge, CFA, CAIA
Top Equity Holdings | View all
% of Total Assets
Invesco Managed Volatility Fund 12.71
INVESCO S&P 500 PURE GROWTH ETF RPG 11.79
INVESCO RAFI STRATEGIC DEVELOPED EX-US ETF ISDX 9.54
Invesco Comstock Fund 9.01
Invesco Equally-Weighted S&P 500 Fund 7.62
Invesco Quality Income Fund 6.88
Invesco International Companies Fund 6.65
Invesco International Growth Fund 5.60
Invesco Diversified Dividend Fund 4.97
Invesco Growth & Income Fund 3.58
May not equal 100% due to rounding.
Holdings are subject to change and are not buy/sell recommendations.
as of 12/31/2019 12/31/2019
Average Annual Returns (%)
Incept.
Load (%)
Incept. (%)
YTD (%)
1Y (%)
10Y (%)
NAV 12/29/2017 N/A 6.30 22.93 22.93 N/A N/A N/A
Load 12/29/2017 5.50 3.36 16.23 16.23 N/A N/A N/A
Performance shown at NAV does not include applicable front-end or CDSC sales charges, which would have reduced the performance.
Performance figures reflect reinvested distributions and changes in net asset value (NAV) and the effect of the maximum sales charge unless otherwise stated.
Performance quoted is past performance and cannot guarantee comparable future results; current performance may be lower or higher. Investment return and principal value will vary so that you may have a gain or a loss when you sell shares at the target date.
Had fees not been waived and/or expenses reimbursed currently or in the past, returns would have been lower.
A target date fund identifies a specific time at which investors are expected to begin making withdrawals, e.g., Now, 2020, 2030. The principal value of the fund is not guaranteed at any time, including at the target date.
Annualized Benchmark Returns
Style-Specific Broad-Based
1 Mo (%)
Custom Invesco Peak Retirement 2050 Benchmark 2.56 7.56 25.62 N/A N/A N/A
Russell 3000 IX Tr 2.89 9.10 31.02 14.57 11.24 13.42
Source: RIMES Technologies Corp.
An investment cannot be made directly in an index.
Expense Ratio per Prospectus
Management Fee N/A
12b-1 Fee 0.25
Other Expenses 36.83
Interest/Dividend Exp 0.00
Total Other Expenses 36.83
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses (Underlying Fund Fees & Expenses) 0.36
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses 37.44
Contractual Waivers/Reimbursements -36.63
Net Expenses - PER PROSPECTUS 0.81
Additional Waivers/Reimbursements 0.00
Net Expenses - With Additional Fee Reduction 0.81
This information is updated per the most recent prospectus.
No history records found for this date range
Net Asset Value ($)
Public Offering Price ($)
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Reinvestment
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Asset Mix
% of Total Net Assets
Common Stocks 99.60
Cash 1.79
Fund Characteristics
3-Year Alpha N/A
3-Year Beta N/A
3-Year R-Squared N/A
Number of Securities 20
Total Assets $2,089,216.00
Source: RIMES Technologies Corp.,StyleADVISOR
Benchmark: Custom Invesco Peak Retirement 2050 Benchmark
United States 99.60
Prospectus and Fund Reports
About risk
Active Trading Risk. Active trading of portfolio securities may result in added expenses, a lower return and increased tax liability.
Allocation Risk. The Fund’s investment performance depends, in part, on how its assets are allocated among the underlying funds or asset classes. The Adviser’s evaluations and assumptions regarding the asset classes or the underlying funds in which the Fund invests may be incorrect, causing the Fund to be invested (or not invested) in one or more asset classes or underlying funds at an inopportune time, which could negatively affect the Fund’s performance.
Bank Loan Risk. There are a number of risks associated with an investment in bank loans including, credit risk, interest rate risk, liquidity risk and prepayment risk. Lack of an active trading market, restrictions on resale, irregular trading activity, wide bid/ask spreads and extended trade settlement periods may impair an underlying fund’s ability to sell bank loans within its desired time frame or at an acceptable price and its ability to accurately value existing and prospective investments. Extended trade settlement periods may result in cash not being immediately available to an underlying fund. As a result, an underlying fund may have to sell other investments or engage in borrowing transactions to raise cash to meet its obligations. The risk of holding bank loans is also directly tied to the risk of insolvency or bankruptcy of the issuing banks. These risks could cause an underlying fund to lose income or principal on a particular investment, which in turn could affect the underlying fund’s returns. The value of bank loans can be affected by and sensitive to changes in government regulation and to economic downturns in the United States and abroad. Bank loans generally are floating rate loans, which are subject to interest rate risk as the interest paid on the floating rate loans adjusts periodically based on changes in widely accepted reference rates.
Borrowing Risk. Borrowing money to buy securities exposes an underlying fund to leverage and will cause an underlying fund’s share price to be more volatile because leverage will exaggerate the effect of any increase or decrease in the value of an underlying fund’s portfolio securities. Borrowing money may also require an underlying fund to liquidate positions when it may not be advantageous to do so. In addition, an underlying fund will incur interest expenses and other fees on borrowed money. There can be no assurance that an underlying fund’s borrowing strategy will enhance and not reduce the underlying fund’s returns.
Cash/Cash Equivalents Risk. In rising markets, holding cash or cash equivalents will negatively affect an underlying fund’s performance relative to its benchmark.
Changing Fixed Income Market Conditions Risk. The current low interest rate environment was created in part by the Federal Reserve Board (FRB) and certain foreign central banks keeping the federal funds and equivalent foreign rates near, at or below zero. Increases in the federal funds and equivalent foreign rates may expose fixed income markets to heightened volatility and reduced liquidity for certain fixed income investments, particularly those with longer maturities. In addition, decreases in fixed income dealer market-making capacity may also potentially lead to heightened volatility and reduced liquidity in the fixed income markets. As a result, the value of an underlying fund’s investments and share price may decline. Changes in central bank policies could also result in higher than normal shareholder redemptions, which could potentially increase portfolio turnover and an underlying fund’s transaction costs.
Collateralized Loan Obligations Risk. CLOs are subject to the risks of substantial losses due to actual defaults by underlying borrowers, which will be greater during periods of economic or financial stress. CLOs may also lose value due to collateral defaults and disappearance of subordinate tranches, market anticipation of defaults, and investor aversion to CLO securities as a class. The risks of CLOs will be greater if an underlying fund invests in CLOs that hold loans of uncreditworthy borrowers or if an underlying fund holds subordinate tranches of the CLO that absorbs losses from the defaults before senior tranches. In addition, CLOs carry risks including interest rate risk and credit risk.
Commodities Tax Risk. The tax treatment of commodity-linked derivative instruments may be adversely affected by changes in legislation, regulations or other legally binding authority. If, as a result of any such adverse action, the income of an underlying fund from certain commodity-linked derivatives was treated as non-qualifying income, an underlying fund might fail to qualify as a regulated investment company and be subject to federal income tax at the fund level. As a result of a recent announcement by the Internal Revenue Service, an underlying fund intends to invest in commodity-linked notes: (a) directly, generally only to the extent that it obtains an opinion of counsel confirming that income from such investments should be qualifying income because such commodity-linked notes constitute securities under section 2(a)(36) of the 1940 Act or (b) indirectly through the Subsidiary. Should the Internal Revenue Service issue further guidance, or Congress enact legislation, that adversely affects the tax treatment of an underlying fund’s use of commodity-linked notes or a wholly-owned subsidiary (which guidance might be applied to the underlying fund retroactively), it could, among other consequences, limit the underlying fund’s ability to pursue its investment strategy.
Commodity Risk. An underlying fund may have investment exposure to the commodities markets and/or a particular sector of the commodities markets, which may subject an underlying fund to greater volatility than investments in traditional securities, such as stocks and bonds. Volatility in the commodities markets may be caused by changes in overall market movements, domestic and foreign political and economic events and policies, war, acts of terrorism, changes in domestic or foreign interest rates and/or investor expectations concerning interest rates, domestic and foreign inflation rates, investment and trading activities of mutual funds, hedge funds and commodities funds, and factors such as drought, floods, weather, livestock disease, embargoes, tariffs and other regulatory developments, or supply and demand disruptions. Because an underlying fund’s performance may be linked to the performance of volatile commodities, investors should be willing to assume the risks of potentially significant fluctuations in the value of an underlying fund’s shares.
Convertible Securities Risk. The market values of convertible securities are affected by market interest rates, the risk of actual issuer default on interest or principal payments and the value of the underlying common stock into which the convertible security may be converted. Additionally, a convertible security is subject to the same types of market and issuer risks as apply to the underlying common stock. In addition, certain convertible securities are subject to involuntary conversions and may undergo principal write-downs upon the occurrence of certain triggering events, and, as a result, are subject to an increased risk of loss. Convertible securities may be rated below investment grade.
Credit Linked Notes Risk. Risks of credit linked notes include those risks associated with the underlying reference obligation including but not limited to market risk, interest rate risk, credit risk, default risk and, in some cases, foreign currency risk. An investor in a credit linked note bears counterparty risk or the risk that the issuer of the credit linked note will default or become bankrupt and not make timely payment of principal and interest of the structured security. Credit linked notes may be less liquid than other investments and therefore harder to dispose of at the desired time and price. In addition, credit linked notes may be leveraged and, as a result, small changes in the value of the underlying reference obligation may produce disproportionate losses to an underlying fund.
Debt Securities Risk. The prices of debt securities held by an underlying fund will be affected by changes in interest rates, the creditworthiness of the issuer and other factors. An increase in prevailing interest rates typically causes the value of existing debt securities to fall and often has a greater impact on longer-duration debt securities and higher quality debt securities. Falling interest rates will cause an underlying fund to reinvest the proceeds of debt securities that have been repaid by the issuer at lower interest rates. Falling interest rates may also reduce an underlying fund’s distributable income because interest payments on floating rate debt instruments held by an underlying fund will decline. An underlying fund could lose money on investments in debt securities if the issuer or borrower fails to meet its obligations to make interest payments and/or to repay principal in a timely manner. Changes in an issuer’s financial strength, the market’s perception of such strength or in the credit rating of the issuer or the security may affect the value of debt securities. An underlying fund’s adviser’s credit analysis may fail to anticipate such changes, which could result in buying a debt security at an inopportune time or failing to sell a debt security in advance of a price decline or other credit event.
Defaulted Securities Risk. Defaulted securities pose a greater risk that principal will not be repaid than non-defaulted securities. Defaulted securities and any securities received in an exchange for such securities may be subject to restrictions on resale.
Depositary Receipts Risk. Investing in depositary receipts involves the same risks as direct investments in foreign securities. In addition, the underlying issuers of certain depositary receipts are under no obligation to distribute shareholder communications or pass through any voting rights with respect to the deposited securities to the holders of such receipts. An underlying fund may therefore receive less timely information or have less control than if it invested directly in the foreign issuer.
Derivatives Risk. The value of a derivative instrument depends largely on (and is derived from) the value of an underlying security, currency, commodity, interest rate, index or other asset (each referred to as an underlying asset). In addition to risks relating to the underlying assets, the use of derivatives may include other, possibly greater, risks, including counterparty, leverage and liquidity risks. Counterparty risk is the risk that the counterparty to the derivative contract will default on its obligation to pay an underlying fund the amount owed or otherwise perform under the derivative contract. Derivatives create leverage risk because they do not require payment up front equal to the economic exposure created by owning the derivative. As a result, an adverse change in the value of the underlying asset could result in an underlying fund sustaining a loss that is substantially greater than the amount invested in the derivative, which may make the underlying fund’s returns more volatile and increase the risk of loss. Derivative instruments may also be less liquid than more traditional investments and the underlying fund may be unable to sell or close out its derivative positions at a desirable time or price. This risk may be more acute under adverse market conditions, during which the underlying fund may be most in need of liquidating its derivative positions. Derivatives may also be harder to value, less tax efficient and subject to changing government regulation that could impact the underlying fund’s ability to use certain derivatives or their cost. Also, derivatives used for hedging or to gain or limit exposure to a particular market segment may not provide the expected benefits, particularly during adverse market conditions. These risks are greater for certain underlying funds than mutual funds that do not use derivative instruments or that use derivative instruments to a lesser extent than certain underlying funds to implement their investment strategies.
Dividend Paying Security Risk. Securities that pay high dividends as a group can fall out of favor with the market, causing such companies to underperform companies that do not pay high dividends. Also, changes in the dividend policies of the companies in an underlying fund’s underlying index and the capital resources available for such companies’ dividend payments may affect an underlying fund.
Dollar Roll Transactions Risk. Dollar roll transactions occur in connection with TBA transactions and involve the risk that the market value of the securities an underlying fund is required to purchase may decline below the agreed upon purchase price of those securities. Dollar roll transactions add a form of leverage to an underlying fund’s portfolio, which may make the Fund’s returns more volatile and increase the risk of loss. In addition, dollar roll transactions may increase an underlying fund’s portfolio turnover, which may result in increased brokerage costs and may lower an underlying fund’s actual return.
Emerging Markets Securities Risk. Emerging markets (also referred to as developing markets) are generally subject to greater market volatility, political, social and economic instability, uncertain trading markets and more governmental limitations on foreign investment than more developed markets. In addition, companies operating in emerging markets may be subject to lower trading volume and greater price fluctuations than companies in more developed markets. Securities law and the enforcement of systems of taxation in many emerging market countries may change quickly and unpredictably. In addition, investments in emerging markets securities may also be subject to additional transaction costs, delays in settlement procedures, and lack of timely information.
Exchange-Traded Fund Industry Concentration Risk. In following its methodology, an underlying exchange-traded fund’s underlying index from time to time may be concentrated to a significant degree in securities of issuers located in a single industry or sector. To the extent that an underlying fund’s underlying index concentrates in the securities of issuers in a particular industry or sector, an underlying fund will also concentrate its investments to approximately the same extent. By concentrating its investments in an industry or sector, an underlying fund faces more risks than if it were diversified broadly over numerous industries or sectors. Such industry-based risks, any of which may adversely affect the companies in which an underlying fund invests, may include, but are not limited to, the following: general economic conditions or cyclical market patterns that could negatively affect supply and demand in a particular industry; competition for resources, adverse labor relations, political or world events; obsolescence of technologies; and increased competition or new product introductions that may affect the profitability or viability of companies in an industry. In addition, at times, such industry or sector may be out of favor and underperform other industries or the market as a whole.
Exchange-Traded Funds Risk. In addition to the risks associated with the underlying assets held by the exchange-traded fund, investments in exchange-traded funds are subject to the following additional risks: (1) an exchange-traded fund’s shares may trade above or below its net asset value; (2) an active trading market for the exchange-traded fund’s shares may not develop or be maintained; (3) trading an exchange-traded fund’s shares may be halted by the listing exchange; (4) a passively-managed exchange-traded fund may not track the performance of the reference asset; and (5) a passively managed exchange-traded fund may hold troubled securities. Investment in exchange-traded funds may involve duplication of management fees and certain other expenses, as the Fund or an underlying fund indirectly bears its proportionate share of any expenses paid by the exchange-traded funds in which it invests. Further, certain exchange-traded funds in which the Fund or an underlying fund may invest are leveraged, which may result in economic leverage, permitting the Fund or an underlying fund to gain exposure that is greater than would be the case in an unlevered instrument, and potentially resulting in greater volatility.
Exchange-Traded Notes Risk. Exchange-traded notes are subject to credit risk, counterparty risk, and the risk that the value of the exchange-traded note may drop due to a downgrade in the issuer’s credit rating. The value of an exchange-traded note may also be influenced by time to maturity, level of supply and demand for the exchange-traded note, volatility and lack of liquidity in the underlying market, changes in the applicable interest rates, and economic, legal, political, or geographic events that affect the referenced underlying market or assets. An underlying fund will bear its proportionate share of any fees and expenses borne by an exchange-traded note in which it invests. For certain exchange-traded notes, there may be restrictions on an underlying fund’s right to redeem its investment in an exchange-traded note, which is meant to be held until maturity.
Foreign Currency Tax Risk. If the U.S. Treasury Department were to exercise its authority to issue regulations that exclude from the definition of “qualifying income” foreign currency gains not directly related to an underlying fund’s business of investing in securities, the underlying fund may be unable to qualify as a regulated investment company for one or more years. In this event, the underlying fund’s Board of Trustees may authorize a significant change in investment strategy or other action.
Foreign Government Debt Risk. Investments in foreign government debt securities (sometimes referred to as sovereign debt securities) involve certain risks in addition to those relating to foreign securities or debt securities generally. The issuer of the debt or the governmental authorities that control the repayment of the debt may be unable or unwilling to repay principal or interest when due in accordance with the terms of such debt, and an underlying fund may have limited recourse in the event of a default against the defaulting government.Without the approval of debt holders, some governmental debtors have in the past been able to reschedule or restructure their debt payments or declare moratoria on payments.
Foreign Securities Risk. An underlying fund’s foreign investments may be adversely affected by political and social instability, changes in economic or taxation policies, difficulty in enforcing obligations, decreased liquidity or increased volatility. Foreign investments also involve the risk of the possible seizure, nationalization or expropriation of the issuer or foreign deposits (in which an underlying fund could lose its entire investments in a certain market) and the possible adoption of foreign governmental restrictions such as exchange controls. Unless an underlying fund has hedged its foreign securities risk, foreign securities risk also involves the risk of negative foreign currency rate fluctuations, which may cause the value of securities denominated in such foreign currency (or other instruments through which an underlying fund has exposure to foreign currencies) to decline in value. Currency exchange rates may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time. Currency hedging strategies, if used, are not always successful.
Fund of Funds Risk. The Fund’s performance depends on that of the underlying funds in which it invests. Accordingly, the risks associated with an investment in the Fund include the risks associated with investments in the underlying funds. The Fund will indirectly pay a proportional share of the fees and expenses of the underlying funds in which it invests. There are risks that the Fund will vary from its target weightings (if any) in the underlying funds, that the underlying funds will not achieve their investment objectives, that the underlying funds’ performance may be lower than their represented asset classes, and that the Fund may withdraw its investments in an underlying fund at a disadvantageous time.
Geographic Focus Risk. An underlying fund may from time to time invest a substantial amount of its assets in securities of issuers located in a single country or a limited number of countries. Adverse economic, political or social conditions in those countries may therefore have a significant negative impact on an underlying fund’s investment performance.
High Yield Debt Securities (Junk Bond) Risk. Investments in high yield debt securities (“junk bonds”) and other lower-rated securities will subject an underlying fund to substantial risk of loss. These securities are considered to be speculative with respect to the issuer’s ability to pay interest and principal when due, are more susceptible to default or decline in market value and are less liquid than investment grade debt securities. Prices of high yield debt securities tend to be very volatile.
Hybrid Securities Risk. Although generally considered an equity security within an issuer’s capital structure, a hybrid security may exhibit characteristics akin to a debt security, convertible security, or other evidence of indebtedness on which the value of the interest, or principal of which, is determined by reference to changes in the value of a reference instrument or financial strength of a reference entity (e.g., a security or other financial instrument, asset, currency or interest rate). The price of a hybrid security and any applicable reference instrument may not move in the same direction or at the same time. An investment in a hybrid security may entail significant risks not associated with a similar investment in a traditional equity security. The risks of a particular hybrid security will depend upon the terms of the instrument, but may include the possibility of significant changes in the value of any applicable reference instrument. Hybrid securities potentially are more volatile than traditional equity securities. Hybrid instruments may carry credit risk of their issuer, as well as liquidity risk, since they often are “customized” to meet the needs of an issuer or a particular investor, and therefore the number of investors that buy such instruments in the secondary market may be small.
Indexing Risk. An underlying fund is operated as a passively managed index fund and, therefore, the adverse performance of a particular security necessarily will not result in the elimination of the security from the underlying fund’s portfolio. Ordinarily, the underlying fund’s adviser will not sell the underlying fund’s portfolio securities except to reflect additions or deletions of the securities that comprise the underlying fund’s underlying index, or as may be necessary to raise cash to pay underlying fund shareholders who sell underlying fund shares. As such, the underlying fund will be negatively affected by declines in the securities represented by its underlying index. Also, there is no guarantee that the underlying fund’s adviser will be able to correlate the underlying fund’s performance with that of its underlying index.
Inflation-Indexed Securities Risk. The values of inflation-indexed securities generally fluctuate in response to changes in real interest rates, and an underlying fund’s or the Fund’s income from its investments in these securities is likely to fluctuate considerably more than the income distributions of its investments in more traditional fixed income securities.
Inflation-Indexed Securities Tax Risk. Any increase in the principal amount of an inflation-indexed security may be included for tax purposes in an underlying fund’s or the Fund’s gross income, even though no cash attributable to such gross income has been received by the underlying fund or the Fund. In such event, the underlying fund or the Fund may be required to make annual distributions to shareholders that exceed the cash it has otherwise received. In order to pay such distributions, the underlying fund or the Fund may be required to raise cash by selling portfolio investments. The sale of such investments could result in capital gains to the underlying fund or the Fund and additional capital gain distributions to the Fund. In addition, adjustments during the taxable year for deflation to an inflation-indexed bond held by an underlying fund or the Fund may cause amounts previously distributed to the Fund in the taxable year as income to be characterized as a return of capital, which could increase or decrease the Fund’s ordinary income distributions to you, and may cause some of the Fund’s distributed income to be classified as a return of capital.
Liquidity Risk. An underlying fund may be unable to sell illiquid investments at the time or price it desires and, as a result, could lose its entire investment in such investments. Liquid securities can become illiquid during periods of market stress. If a significant amount of the an underlying fund’s securities become illiquid, an underlying fund may not be able to timely pay redemption proceeds and may need to sell securities at significantly reduced prices.
Management Risk. An underlying fund is actively managed and depends heavily on an underlying fund’s adviser’s judgment about markets, interest rates or the attractiveness, relative values, liquidity, or potential appreciation of particular investments made for an underlying fund’s portfolio. An underlying fund could experience losses if these judgments prove to be incorrect. Because an underlying fund’s investment process relies heavily on its asset allocation process, market movements that are counter to the portfolio managers’ expectations may have a significant adverse effect on the Fund’s net asset value. Additionally, legislative, regulatory, or tax developments may adversely affect management of an underlying fund and, therefore, the ability of the underlying fund to achieve its investment objective.
Market Risk. The market values of an underlying fund’s investments, and therefore the value of an underlying fund’s shares, will go up and down, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably. Market risk may affect a single issuer, industry or section of the economy, or it may affect the market as a whole. Individual stock prices tend to go up and down more dramatically than those of certain other types of investments, such as bonds. During a general downturn in the financial markets, multiple asset classes may decline in value. When markets perform well, there can be no assurance that specific investments held by an underlying fund will rise in value.
Market Trading Risk. An underlying exchange-traded fund faces numerous market trading risks, including the potential lack of an active market for its shares, losses from trading in secondary markets, and disruption in the creation/redemption process of an underlying fund. Any of these factors may lead to an underlying fund’s shares trading at a premium or discount to an underlying fund’s net asset value (NAV).
MLP Risk. An underlying fund invests in securities of MLPs, which are subject to the following risks:
Limited Partner Risk. An MLP is a public limited partnership or limited liability company taxed as a partnership under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code). Although the characteristics of MLPs closely resemble a traditional limited partnership, a major difference is that MLPs may trade on a public exchange or in the over-the-counter market. The risks of investing in an MLP are similar to those of investing in a partnership, including more flexible governance structures, which could result in less protection for investors than investments in a corporation. Investors in an MLP normally would not be liable for the debts of the MLP beyond the amount that the investor has contributed but investors may not be shielded to the same extent that a shareholder of a corporation would be. In certain circumstances, creditors of an MLP would have the right to seek return of capital distributed to a limited partner, which right would continue after an investor sold its investment in the MLP.
Liquidity Risk. The ability to trade on a public exchange or in the over-the-counter market provides a certain amount of liquidity not found in many limited partnership investments. However, MLP interests may be less liquid than conventional publicly traded securities and, therefore, more difficult to trade at desirable times and/or prices.
Interest Rate Risk. In addition, MLP distributions may be reduced by fees and other expenses incurred by the MLP. MLPs generally are considered interest-rate sensitive investments. During periods of interest rate volatility, these investments may not provide attractive returns.
General Partner Risk. The holder of the general partner or managing member interest can be liable in certain circumstances for amounts greater than the amount of the holder’s investment in the general partner or managing member.
Additionally, if an underlying fund were to invest more than 25% of its total assets in MLPs that are taxed as partnerships this could cause an underlying fund to lose its status as regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Code.
MLP Tax Risk. MLPs taxed as partnerships do not pay U.S. federal income tax at the partnership level. A change in current tax law, or a change in the underlying business mix of a given MLP, however, could result in an MLP being classified as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, which would have the effect of reducing the amount of cash available for distribution by the MLP and, as a result, could result in a reduction of the value of an underlying fund’s investment, and consequently the Fund’s investment in an underlying fund and lower income.
Money Market Fund Risk. The share price of certain underlying money market funds may fluctuate and the Fund may lose money by investing in an underlying money market fund. The share price of money market funds can fall below the $1.00 share price. An underlying money market fund’s sponsor has no legal obligation to provide financial support to an underlying money market fund, and you should not rely on or expect that the sponsor will enter into support agreements or take other actions to provide financial support to an underlying money market fund or maintain an underlying money market fund’s $1.00 share price at any time. The credit quality of an underlying money market fund’s holdings can change rapidly in certain markets, and the default of a single holding could have an adverse impact on an underlying money market fund’s share price. An underlying money market fund’s share price can also be negatively affected during periods of high redemption pressures, illiquid markets, and/or significant market volatility. Furthermore, amendments to money market fund regulations could impact an underlying money market fund’s operations and possibly negatively impact its return. An underlying money market fund’s Board may elect to impose a fee upon the sale of the Fund’s shares or temporarily suspend the Fund’s ability to sell shares in the future if an underlying money market fund’s liquidity falls below required minimums because of market conditions or other factors.
Mortgage- and Asset-Backed Securities Risk. Mortgage- and asset-backed securities are subject to prepayment or call risk, which is the risk that a borrower’s payments may be received earlier or later than expected due to changes in prepayment rates on underlying loans. This could result in an underlying fund reinvesting these early payments at lower interest rates, thereby reducing an underlying fund ’s income. Mortgageand asset-backed securities also are subject to extension risk, which is the risk that an unexpected rise in interest rates could reduce the rate of prepayments, causing the price of the mortgage- and asset-backed securities and an underlying fund’s share price to fall. An unexpectedly high rate of defaults on the mortgages held by a mortgage pool will adversely affect the value of mortgage-backed securities and will result in losses to an underlying fund. An underlying fund may invest in mortgage pools that include subprime mortgages, which are loans made to borrowers with weakened credit histories or with lower capacity to make timely payments on their mortgages. Privately issued mortgage-related securities are not subject to the same underwriting requirements as those with government or government-sponsored entity guarantees and, therefore, mortgage loans underlying privately issued mortgage-related securities may have less favorable collateral, credit risk or other underwriting characteristics, and wider variances in interest rate, term, size, purpose and borrower characteristics.
Municipal Securities Risk. The risk of a municipal obligation generally depends on the financial and credit status of the issuer. Constitutional amendments, legislative enactments, executive orders, administrative regulations, voter initiatives, and the issuer’s regional economic conditions may affect the municipal security’s value, interest payments, repayment of principal and an underlying fund’s ability to sell the security. Failure of a municipal security issuer to comply with applicable tax requirements may make income paid thereon taxable, resulting in a decline in the security’s value. In addition, there could be changes in applicable tax laws or tax treatments that reduce or eliminate the current federal income tax exemption on municipal securities or otherwise adversely affect the current federal or state tax status of municipal securities.
Non-Diversification Risk. An underlying fund is non-diversified and can invest a greater portion of its assets in the obligations or securities of a small number of issuers or any single issuer than a diversified fund can. A change in the value of one or a few issuers’ securities will therefore affect the value of an underlying fund more than would occur in a diversified fund.
Preferred Securities Risk. Preferred securities are subject to issuer-specific and market risks applicable generally to equity securities. Preferred securities also may be subordinated to bonds or other debt instruments, subjecting them to a greater risk of non-payment, may be less liquid than many other securities, such as common stocks, and generally offer no voting rights with respect to the issuer.
REIT Risk/Real Estate Risk. Investments in real estate related instruments may be affected by economic, legal, cultural, environmental or technological factors that affect property values, rents or occupancies of real estate related to an underlying fund’s holdings. Shares of real estate related companies, which tend to be small- and mid-cap companies, may be more volatile and less liquid.
Repurchase Agreement Risk. If the seller of a repurchase agreement defaults or otherwise does not fulfill its obligations, an underlying fund may incur delays and losses arising from selling the underlying securities, enforcing its rights, or declining collateral value.
Risk of Subordinated Debt. Perpetual subordinated debt is a type of hybrid instrument that has no maturity date for the return of principal and does not need to be redeemed by the issuer. These investments typically have lower credit ratings and lower priority than other obligations of an issuer during bankruptcy, presenting a greater risk for nonpayment. This risk increases as the priority of the obligation becomes lower. Payments on these securities may be subordinated to all existing and future liabilities and obligations of subsidiaries and associated companies of an issuer. Additionally, some perpetual subordinated debt does not restrict the ability of an issuer’s subsidiaries to incur further unsecured indebtedness.
Sampling Risk. An underlying fund’s use of a representative sampling approach will result in its holding a smaller number of securities than are in its underlying index and in the underlying fund holding securities not included in its underlying index. As a result, an adverse development respecting an issuer of securities held by the underlying fund could result in a greater decline in the underlying fund’s NAV than would be the case if all of the securities in its underlying index were held. An underlying fund’s use of a representative sampling approach may also include the risk that it may not track the return of its underlying index as well as it would have if the underlying fund held all of the securities in its underlying index.
Sector Focus Risk. An underlying fund may from time to time invest a significant amount of its assets (i.e. over 25%) in one market sector or group of related industries. In this event, an underlying fund’s performance will depend to a greater extent on the overall condition of the sector or group of industries and there is increased risk that an underlying fund will lose significant value if conditions adversely affect that sector or group of industries.
Short Position Risk. Because an underlying fund’s potential loss on a short position arises from increases in the value of the asset sold short, the underlying fund will incur a loss on a short position, which is theoretically unlimited, if the price of the asset sold short increases from the short sale price. The counterparty to a short position or other market factors may prevent an underlying fund from closing out a short position at a desirable time or price and may reduce or eliminate any gain or result in a loss. In a rising market, an underlying fund’s short positions will cause the underlying fund to underperform the overall market and its peers that do not engage in shorting. If an underlying fund holds both long and short positions, and both positions decline simultaneously, the short positions will not provide any buffer (hedge) from declines in value of the underlying fund’s long positions. Certain types of short positions involve leverage, which may exaggerate any losses, potentially more than the actual cost of the investment, and will increase the volatility of an underlying fund’s returns.
Small- and Mid-Capitalization Companies Risks. Small- and mid-capitalization companies tend to be more vulnerable to changing market conditions, may have little or no operating history or track record of success, and may have more limited product lines and markets, less experienced management and fewer financial resources than larger companies. These companies’ securities may be more volatile and less liquid than those of more established companies, and their returns may vary, sometimes significantly, from the overall securities market.
Subsidiary Risk. By investing in the Subsidiary, an underlying fund is indirectly exposed to risks associated with the Subsidiary’s investments. The Subsidiary is not registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (1940 Act), and, except as otherwise noted in this prospectus, is not subject to the investor protections of the 1940 Act. Changes in the laws of the United States and/or the Cayman Islands, under which an underlying fund and the Subsidiary, respectively, are organized, could result in the inability of an underlying fund and/or the Subsidiary to operate as described in this prospectus and the SAI, and could negatively affect an underlying fund and its shareholders.
TBA Transactions Risk. TBA transactions involve the risk of loss if the securities received are less favorable than what was anticipated by an underlying fund when entering into the TBA transaction, or if the counterparty fails to deliver the securities. When an underlying fund enters into a short sale of a TBA mortgage it does not own, an underlying fund may have to purchase deliverable mortgages to settle the short sale at a higher price than anticipated, thereby causing a loss. As there is no limit on how much the price of mortgage securities can increase, an underlying fund’s exposure is unlimited. An underlying fund may not always be able to purchase mortgage securities to close out the short position at a particular time or at an acceptable price. In addition, taking short positions results in a form of leverage, which could increase the volatility of an underlying fund’s share price.
U.S. Government Obligations Risk. Obligations of U.S. Government agencies and authorities receive varying levels of support and may not be backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government, which could affect an underlying fund’s ability to recover should they default. No assurance can be given that the U.S. Government will provide financial support to its agencies and authorities if it is not obligated by law to do so.
Value Investing Style Risk. A value investing style subjects an underlying fund to the risk that the valuations never improve or that the returns on value equity securities are less than returns on other styles of investing or the overall stock market.
Variable-Rate Demand Notes Risk. The absence of an active secondary market for certain variable and floating rate notes could make it difficult to dispose of these instruments, which could result in a loss.
Volatility Risk. Although an underlying fund’s investment strategy seeks to not exceed a target volatility level (the threshold volatility level), certain of an underlying fund’s investments may appreciate or decrease significantly in value over short periods of time. This may cause an underlying fund’s net asset value per share to experience significant increases or declines in value over short periods of time.
When-Issued, Delayed Delivery and Forward Commitment Risks. When-issued and delayed delivery transactions subject an underlying fund to market risk because the value or yield of a security at delivery may be more or less than the purchase price or yield generally available when delivery occurs, and counterparty risk because an underlying fund relies on the buyer or seller, as the case may be, to consummate the transaction. These transactions also have a leveraging effect on an underlying fund because an underlying fund commits to purchase securities that it does not have to pay for until a later date, which increases an underlying fund’s overall investment exposure and, as a result, its volatility.
Yield Risk. An underlying fund’s yield will vary as the short-term securities in its portfolio mature or are sold and the proceeds are reinvested in other securities. When interest rates are very low, an underlying fund’s expenses could absorb all or a portion of an underlying fund’s income and yield. Additionally, inflation may outpace and diminish investment returns over time.
Zero Coupon or Pay-In-Kind Securities Risk. The value, interest rates, and liquidity of non-cash paying instruments, such as zero coupon and pay-in-kind securities, are subject to greater fluctuation than other types of securities. The higher yields and interest rates on pay-in-kind securities reflect the payment deferral and increased credit risk associated with such instruments and that such investments may represent a higher credit risk than loans that periodically pay interest.
PKRSX
NAV Change ($)
$10.92 0.02
N/As may appear until data is available. Data is usually updated between 3 and 6 p.m. CST.
Distribution Yield
with Sales Charge N/A
without Sales Charge N/A
SEC 30-Day Yield N/A
Unsub. 30-day yield N/A
Fund Details
Distribution Frequency Annually
NASDAQ PKRSX
WSJ Abrev. N/A
CUSIP 00900E514
Fund Type Target Maturity
Geography Type Domestic
Inception Date 12/29/2017
Fiscal Year End 12/31
Min Initial Investment $1,000
Subsequent Investment $50
Min Initial IRA Investment $250
Fund Number 1871
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Dennis Reese
Mid-Day Host and Talk Show Producer
Dennis Reese is the mid-day host for Iowa Public Radio. He is also a producer for the talk shows Talk of Iowa and River to River. He is based in Iowa City. Dennis began his career in public radio at the University of Iowa’s WSUI in 1981 as its Program Director, after several stints as News Director at a number of commercial radio stations in Iowa and after working his way through college as a disc jockey in formats including Top 40, Easy Listening and country & western.
Dennis has a master’s degree in Communication Studies from the University of Iowa and a B.A. in Communication Studies from the University of Northern Iowa.
Dennis’ favorite public radio program is Car Talk.
dreese@iowapublicradio.org
A Writers' Workshop Alum Writes of His Love/Hate Relationship with Reality TV
By Charity Nebbe & Dennis Reese • Jan 16, 2020
This program origionally aired on 5-3-2018.
For more than 25 years, U.S. TV viewers have been captivated by "reality television," watching "real people" in supposedly unscripted events. Author Lucas Mann is not immune to this guilty pleasure.
Natural Causes: Killing Ourselves To Live Longer, Not Better
By Charity Nebbe, Dennis Reese & Sthefany Nobriga • Oct 30, 2019
Matthew Alvarez / Iowa Public Radio
Author Barbara Ehrenreich sits down with Charity Nebbe to talk about her latest book "Natural Causes: An Epidemic of Wellness, the Certainty of Dying, and Killing."
Barbara Ehrenreich is best known for exposing what it's like to try to get by when you are earning minimum wage in America in her best selling book "Nickled and Dimed."
In her newest book, she turns her unflinching gaze on health care, the fitness industry, the human drive for immortality, and she describes how people relentlessly worry about what is, in the end, inevitable.
Iowa Is Not Heaven, But We Do Have A Few Powerful Things Going For Us
By Charity Nebbe, Dennis Reese & Matthew Alvarez • Sep 27, 2019
Photo Courtesy of Gail Brasher-Krug
On this hour of Talk of Iowa, we speak to Liesl Eathington, Assistant Scientist and Iowa Community Indicators Program Coordinator at Iowa State University; Jacque Matsen, Marketing and Communications Director, Iowa Economic Development Authority; Gail Brashers-Krug, Attorney in Iowa City; Liz Keehner, Program Manager at VentureNet Iowa and Carlos Honore, Founder of Fifth Ward Saints.
This episode origionally aired on 9-27-19
Book Tells Of Scrappy Young Basketball Players Among The First To Benefit From Title IX
By Rick Brewer, Charity Nebbe & Dennis Reese • Sep 19, 2019
Bridget Berglund
Title IX became law in 1972. As a result any school that receives any federal money is required to provide fair and equal treatment of the sexes in all areas, including sports. Change didn’t happen all at once, but during the 1970s girls who had been forced to watch from the sidelines started to have real opportunities to join teams and compete. Melissa Isaacson was one of those girls.
Andrew Ridker: The Altruists
By Charity Nebbe, Dennis Reese & Sthefany Nobriga • Jun 25, 2019
Andrew Ridker
Hear the full conversation - Talk of Iowa
"The Altruists," tells the story of Arthur Alter, a father who has alienated his adult children but finds himself needing to reconnect with them, thanks to his foundering career and economic situation.
Strong Military Sisterhood At the Center of New Novel
By Charity Nebbe, Dennis Reese & Rick Brewer & Julia DiGiacomo • Jun 17, 2019
Author Alicia Dill joined the military at the age 17, just weeks before the September 11 terrorist attacks in New York City. Suddenly, her world changed. Dill spent the next six years as a Public Affairs Specialist for the National Guard, through which she was eventually deployed to Kosovo for 14 months.
On this hour of Talk of Iowa, Host Charity Nebbe and Dill discuss "Squared Away," Dill's first novel, which is inspired by her time in the military.
The 2019 Iowa Public Radio Kids Summer Reading Guide
By Charity Nebbe, Katelyn Harrop, Rick Brewer & Dennis Reese • Jun 13, 2019
Barb Stein's Reading List
Picture Books/Board Books
I Ain't Gonna Paint No More by Karen Beaumont
Lion and Mouse by Jairo Buitrago
Camp Tiger by Susan Choi
Gondra's Treasure by Linda Sue Park
Transitional Books
Juana & Lucas Big Problems by Juana Medina
Good Dog, McTavish by Meg Rosoff
Big Foot and Little Foot The Squatchicorns by Ellen Potter
The 2019 Iowa Public Radio Summer Reading List
By Charity Nebbe, Dennis Reese, Rick Brewer & Katelyn Harrop • Jun 11, 2019
Listen to all of the recommendations from Jan Weismiller, Tim Budd, and Kathy Magruder.
Whether you’re looking for scientific exploration, captivating memoir, or an opportunity to get lost in a novel, summer is the perfect time to pick up a new book release.
Among the Living and the Dead/Lou Henry Hoover and the First White House Catalog
By Charity Nebbe & Dennis Reese • Apr 29, 2019
W.W. Norton & Co.
This program originally aired on August 16, 2017.
This hour, host Charity Nebbe speaks live with two Iowa writers, Inara Verzemnieks and Elizabeth Dinschel.
Finding Bix: An Iowa Legend Whose Music Lives On
Craig A Rodway / flickr
Hear the encore conversation - Talk of Iowa
This program originally aired on August 2, 2017, and makes mention to an upcoming Bix 7 race. The next annual date for this event is July 27, 2019.
Bix Beiderbecke was a self-taught cornet player from Davenport, a white kid from the corn belt born in 1903. He only lived to be 28 years old, but against all odds his musical influence has lasted for generations.
Buxton- Iowa's "Black Utopia"
By Camas Leeson, Charity Nebbe & Dennis Reese • Apr 12, 2019
State Historical Society of Iowa
Buxton, Iowa was a company town, but it wasn't like any other company town. It was founded by Consolidation Coal Company in 1900 and when the company recruited miners they did not discriminate on the basis of race. Buxton became Iowa's first fully integrated town and the community thrived until the coal ran out. On this hour of Talk of Iowa, host Charity Nebbe sat down with author Rachelle Chase to talk about her new book, "Creating the Black Utopia of Buxton Iowa".
Dan Gable: Creating a Modern Blueprint for Wrestling
By Charity Nebbe & Dennis Reese & Chelsea Hoye • Mar 20, 2019
Courtesy of the Gable Family
This interview originally aired on July 5, 2017.
Olympic gold medalist Dan Gable has been a household name in Iowa for decades. After bringing home three state wrestling championships in high school, he went on to the 1972 Munich Olympics, where he successfully wrestled without losing a single point. He famously coached the University of Iowa team to win 15 NCAA titles before retiring after the 1997 season. Since then he has continued to coach and has been actively working to keep Olympic and collegiate wrestling alive and thriving.
Iowa Filmmakers Explore 19th Century Abolition Movement
By Charity Nebbe, Dennis Reese & Katelyn Harrop • Mar 12, 2019
The new film, “Sons and Daughters of Thunder” tells the story of the anti-slavery debates that took place at the Ohio Lane theological Seminary in Cincinnati, Ohio in 1834. These controversial meetings, lead by abolitionists, were the first to publically discuss the end of slavery in the U.S. and served as a catalyst for major social activism and change at the seminary and throughout the wider Cincinnati community.
Drake's Jennifer Harvey on Raising White Kids in a Racially Unjust America
By Charity Nebbe & Dennis Reese • Feb 18, 2019
For white people who are committed to equity and justice, living in a nation that remains racially unjust and still deeply segregated creates unique challenges. These challenges begin early in life and impact the racial development of white children in powerful ways.
How Native Plants Sustain our Ecosystems
By Charity Nebbe, Katelyn Harrop, Dennis Reese & Camas Leeson • Feb 6, 2019
James Pritchett
A Lot of Iowans have been planting milkweed over the years in an effort to bring Monarch butterflies back from the brink, and there has been some success. But dramatic changes in the landscape due to large scale agriculture and our own personal landscapes have such an impact, that planting milkweed is just a drop in the bucket.
Iowa's Wapsipinicon Almanac Calls It Quits With Issue #25
Wapsipinicon Almanac
In 1988, Tim Fay of Anamosa, Iowa had an idea: to publish on an antique letterpress assembled of parts he found all over the country, a yearly (or occasional) journal "to silence anyone who thinks Iowa doesn't have a literary culture." The Wapsipincon Almanac was born, named after the scenic river that runs through Fay's Anamosa and Northeast Iowa.
Ball Hawks: Iowa's NBA Team in the League's First Season
By Charity Nebbe & Dennis Reese • Jan 2, 2019
University of Iowa Press
One of the great secrets of Iowa sports history is that the Hawkeye State had a professional basketball team at one time. It didn't last long (just one season) and the new NBA had a hard time attracting fans, but Iowa fans were thrilled to have the Waterloo Hawks as part of the league.
New Book Views Iowa Through a Multicultural Lens
By Katelyn Harrop, Charity Nebbe & Dennis Reese • Dec 10, 2018
Wall Boat/Flickr
"We the Interwoven: an Anthology of Bicultural Iowa" from the Iowa Writers' House is one of the first books of its kind. It's an anthology of work written and illistrated by Iowans with multicultural backgrounds, and it's aimed at telling truly Iowa stories that often go unheard.
In this hour of Talk of Iowa, host Charity Nebbe is joined by Andrea Wilson, editor of We the Interwoven and founder of the Iowa Writer's House in Iowa City, for a discussion on the creation of the book, and the Bicultural Iowa Writer's Fellowship that jumpstarted its founding.
The 2018 Iowa Public Radio Holiday Book Guide
By Alyssa Bovinette, Charity Nebbe & Dennis Reese • Dec 3, 2018
Charity Nebbe/Iowa Public Radio
It's that time of year again! Make your list and check it twice, because here are some holiday book recommendations from some of Iowa's greatest bibliophiles. Jan Weismiller and Tim Budd from Prairie Lights Bookstore in Iowa City and Hunter Gillum from Beaverdale Books in Des Moines share their top fiction and non-fiction picks of 2018.
The 2018 Iowa Public Radio Children's Holiday Book Guide
By Alyssa Bovinette, Charity Nebbe & Dennis Reese • Nov 28, 2018
bricolagelife / Flickr
Hear all the book recommendations from Barb, Sarah and Mary
Looking to inspire young readers this holiday season? Never fear! Iowa booksellers and authors are here!
Casey Gerald Inspires Us to Question and Reimagine Our Most Cherished Myths
By Charity Nebbe & Dennis Reese • Oct 16, 2018
Casey Gerald has written a memoir, "There Will Be No Miracles Here." (Riverhead Books) Gerald was the final speaker in this year's Green Room series, a community-wide educational experiment at the Englert Theatre in Iowa City and a University of Iowa Honors Course taught by Dave Gould.
Author Sarah Prineas and "The Lost Books"--It's Her New Book for Young Readers
By Charity Nebbe & Dennis Reese • Oct 9, 2018
Fantasy author Sarah Prineas of Iowa City has a new book for middle-grade readers, "The Lost Books." (HarperCollins) The book came out this summer and launches an exciting new series from Prineas, the author of the acclaimed "Magic Thief" series.
Charity speaks with Prineas during this segment and the author reads some passages from "The Lost Books" as well. We find out the powerful "Lost Books" at the palace library are infesting people with an evil magic and two unlikely friends must figure out who, or what, is controlling the books and their power.
100th Anniversary of the Great Flu Pandemic of 1918 and the Lessons We've Learned From It
Schenectadyhistory.org
One hundred years ago, more than 93,000 Iowans came down with what was at first a mysterious malady. Eventually 6,116 died from what became known as the Spanish Influenza, although historian and Iowa native Michael Luick-Thrams says the pandemic actually originated in Kansas. It went on to kill about fifty million people worldwide that year.
Celebrating the 100th Anniversary of the Birth of Nile Kinnick Jr.
By Dennis Reese & Charity Nebbe • Aug 28, 2018
Phil Roeder
Long-time Iowa City resident and retired teacher Mark D. Wilson never expected to write a book about his hero Nile Kinnick, but when someone mentioned to him that this year is the 100th anniversary of the renowned football player's birth, he felt he had to do it. The result is the newly published The Way of Nile C. Kinnick, Jr: Insights, Images, and Stories of Iowa's 1939 Heisman Trophy Winner.
Married Authors Take On Family, Heartbreak and Addiction in New Short Story Collections
By Katelyn Harrop, Charity Nebbe & Dennis Reese • Jul 18, 2018
Creative Commons: Pixnio
Malinda McCollum and Anthony Varallo are both graduates of the Iowa Writers Workshop, enthusiasts of the short story form, and authors of their own, new story collections. They’re also married to each other.
In this episode of Talk of Iowa, host Charity Nebbe talks to McCollum and Varallo about what draws them to short stories, both as writers and readers, and how the pair successfully manage writing projects, full teaching loads at the College of Charleston, and parenting
Three Iowans Explore the "Near-Death Experience"
By Charity Nebbe, Dennis Reese & Shirley Wang • Jul 18, 2018
Charity Nebbe
What happens after we die? It’s a question that we can’t answer. But more and more people are reporting what happened to them during a "near-death experience." And if you listen closely to their stories, some fascinating clues to the question emerge.
Looking for the Perfect Summer Read? Here's Our 2018 Summer Book List
By Charity Nebbe, Dennis Reese & Natalia Reyes • May 31, 2018
Katherine Perkins
Summer is a great time to crack open a book and escape into worlds both imaginary and real. During this episode of Talk of Iowa, Jan Weismiller and Tim Budd of Prairie Lights Bookstore in Iowa City and Kathy Magruder of Pageturners Bookstore in Indianola join host Charity Nebbe to share their favorite reads for your summer list.
Memories of a Nuremberg Judge: Clarence E. Hamilton
By Louisa Dewey, Ben Kieffer, Dennis Reese & Emily Woodbury • Mar 29, 2018
Truman Library
In the aftermath of WWII, the court system in Germany underwent a dramatic shift as the Allies launched an initiative to rid German and Austrian society of any remnants of national socialism. This process was called denazification.
On this edition of River to River, host Ben Kieffer talks with Judy Hamilton Crockett, whose father Clarence E. Hamilton was head of all civil courts and prisons in Nuremberg after WWII.
Zack Rago is Chasing Coral
By Charity Nebbe, Dennis Reese, Ben Stanton & Louisa Dewey • Feb 27, 2018
Community Environmental Council
In the last three decades, the Earth has lost half of its coral reefs. In 2016, Australia’s Great Barrier Reef lost nearly 30 percent of its coral. In 2017, this number rose to 50 percent.
While there are a number of different factors at play, it's increasingly clear that the warming of the world's oceans are a major contributor to this loss.
New Technology Lets Scholars Read an Ancient Text
Although it goes by the humble name "M.910," an ancient manuscript book knows as a "codex" at the Morgan Library in New York City is on its way to a high-tech adventure. Written in Coptic script by monks somewhere between 400 and 600 A.D., scholars such as the University of Iowa's Paul Dilley are excited that it may soon become legible for the first time.
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Booker Has Retained Optimistic Campaign Style
By Ben Kieffer, Katherine Perkins & Julia DiGiacomo • Oct 22, 2019
Sen. Cory Booker served as mayor of Newark, New Jersey from 2006 to 2013 before his election to the Senate in 2013.
John Pemble/IPR
River to River's "Home State View" series helps us understand how the presidential candidates are viewed as leaders in the states they call home. Host Ben Kieffer interviews journalists who have spent years covering the candidates. We get the little-known details about each hopeful's history. Click the "play" button to listen.
Host Ben Kieffer talks with Senior Correspondent David Cruz of NJTV news about Sen. Cory Booker's history in New Jersey.
Senior correspondent David Cruz with NJTV News in Newark joins Ben Kieffer to discuss presidential candidate U.S. Sen. Cory Booker's impact on New Jersey. Cruz talks about how Booker began his political career as an optimistic reformer running for Newark's mayorship, but his popularity dwindled after governing the city through the 2008 recession and a Newark watershed crisis. He says Booker has retained his optimistic campaign style over 15 years, despite the controversies.
Home State View
Williamson Used To Help Run A Detroit Church
By Rick Brewer, Ben Kieffer & Katelyn Harrop • Aug 9, 2019
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Republican senator blasts Trump administration on Iran
Mike Lee, a Republican senator from Utah, blasted Trump administration officials for offering an inadequate briefing on the intelligence that justifie(...)
Suleimani assassination shows US still falling for ‘Dr Evil’ fallacy
“Ladies and gentlemen, we got him.” I can still remember the exultant tone of Paul Bremer, the American governor of post-invasion Iraq, as he announc(...)
Donald Trump impeached in historic House vote in US
Suzanne Lynch
History was made on Wednesday night as Donald Trump became only the third US president to be impeached. The 435-member House of Representatives voted(...)
Vladimir Putin ‘still uses obsolete Windows XP’ despite hacking risk
Russian agents have been accused of worldwide hacking operations, but someone at the Kremlin has apparently forgotten to inform Vladimir Putin of the (...)
Restrained Trump gives Saudi Arabia the benefit of the doubt
A reminder of US president Donald Trump’s unique foreign policy priorities has been served following the killing of three American soldiers at a milit(...)
Cybersecurity risks increasing a concern for company boards
Charlie Taylor
Company boards have woken up to cybersecurity risks and are paying considerably far more attention to the issue and are actively fighting to stay ahea(...)
Nations backing ICC urged to oppose US threats under Trump
Peter Cluskey
One of the world’s oldest human rights organisations has appealed to countries that signed the Rome Statute, which set up the International Criminal C(...)
Former CIA officer jailed for 19 years over conspiring to spy for China
A former CIA case officer has been sentenced by a federal judge in Virginia to serve 19 years in prison, after he pleaded guilty in May to conspiring(...)
Maureen Dowd: Reagan would be stunned by behaviour of today’s Republicans
When he was running in 2016, Donald Trump told me that he reminded himself of another presidential candidate – someone, Trump said, who was also treme(...)
‘The CIA won the broadcast war. They always do’
When director Scott Z Burns was briefing Adam Driver on his role as Daniel Jones in The Report, he hit upon a stark, terrifying metaphor. “Imagine you(...)
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ADR Section Council proposes joint task force on youth violence By Joshua Bailey April 2011 The ISBA ADR Section Council, in partnership with the Chicago Bar Association, is working to implement a Joint Task Force on Stopping the Killing of Our Children in Chicago.
Case briefs By Shauntal Van Dreel & Meghan Steinbeiss October 2011 Recent cases of interest to ADR practitioners.
Case briefs By Ivana Miljic April 2011 Recent cases affecting practitioners of alternative dispute resolution
Case briefs By Joshua Bailey March 2011 Recent cases affecting practitioners of alternative dispute resolution.
Chair’s column By Kate Duncan October 2011 A message from ADR Section Chair Kate Duncan.
Column: Of the Moment—Current developments in mediation By Terry Moritz & Heather Scheiwe Kulp October 2011 A new column that will address developing ADR issues and initiatives in Illinois and throughout the country.
Dealing with time limits By Robert E. Wells, Jr. April 2011 A fictional discussion of the importance of mediator credibility.
Evaluating the debate on collective bargaining in the public sector By Joshua Bailey April 2011 In order to justify their claims, public sector unions should present a clear and convincing argument as to why collective bargaining is necessary in a government context. This would require unions to pointedly dissect the claim that government is unlike private employers and thus collective bargaining does not function correctly in the public sphere.
Evaluation finds Cook County Child Protection Mediation Program helping broken families mend By Thomas D. Cavenagh March 2011 By providing a forum for families and child protection professionals to communicate and work through conflicts, the Child Protection Mediation and Facilitation Program gives families with children in state custody the chance to have their voices heard regarding issues of visitation, services and placement.
Foreclosure mediation met with mixed feelings By Whitney Rhew April 2011 It appears that efficient programs with “quick” answers for borrowers and high participation rates will be most successful.
From the editor By Thomas D. Cavenagh October 2011 An introduction to the issue form Editor Tom Cavenagh.
Happenings June 2011 Mediation updates from around the country.
Happenings By Ivana Miljic April 2011 Mediation updates from around the country.
Happenings By Joshua Bailey March 2011 Mediation updates from around the country.
Interfaith issues in divorce mediation By Whitney Rhew March 2011 The case of Reyes v. Shapiro calls into question the court system’s ability to prohibit a parent from instilling values and beliefs into his or her child.
Letter to the editor By Mark Rouleau October 2011 A reader's response to the article, "Sacrificing class arbitration for the good of individual arbitration," that appeared in the June 2011 issue of this newsletter.
London Mediation Tournament By Robert E. Wells, Jr. June 2011 A recap of this year's InterNational Academy of Dispute Resolution’s Tenth Annual International Law School Mediation Tournament, which took place in March.
Mediation certification: A brief examination of how to become a court-appointed mediator in the State of Illinois By Margaret Nunne March 2011 The first in a four-part series exploring different options for mediators or those looking into joining the mediation field.
Ninth Circuit concludes Declaratory Judgment Act does not give federal courts discretion to decline to rule on motions to compel arbitration By John R. Schleppenbach October 2011 Given the long-standing and widespread push for federal courts to further the efficiency and ease of arbitration by summarily enforcing arbitration agreements where they are found to exist, the Ninth Circuit’s ruling in Countrywide Home Loans, Inc. v. Mortgage Guaranty Insurance Corporation is perhaps unsurprising.
A pilot program that would allow for the mediation of attorney-client disputes By Madalyn Phillips October 2011 The ARDC would be responsible for coordinating, paying for, and explaining mediation to the parties involved. They would also be responsible for assisting the mediator with anything they might need throughout the mediation process.
Sacrificing class arbitration for the good of individual arbitration By Terry Moritz June 2011 A discussion of the potential ramifications of the recent case of United States Supreme Court in AT&T Mobility LLC v. Concepcion.
Second Circuit affirms denial of Petition to Compel Arbitration based on counsel’s conflict of interest By John R. Schleppenbach March 2011 A look at the case of GSI Commerce Solutions, Inc. v. BabyCenter, L.L.C., in which the Second Circuit affirmed the denial of a petition to compel arbitration based on a conflict of interest by the petitioner’s counsel.
A selection of 40-hour mediation training classes By Margaret Nunne April 2011 A list of in-state classes that offer different areas of mediation training.
Supreme Court dismisses Stok & Associates v. Citibank; Arbitration question remains unanswered By Madalyn Phillips & Casey Harter October 2011 The main issue to be reviewed in the case was the question of whether one side in a legal dispute surrenders its rights to arbitration once it has participated in a court case that has arisen from the same dispute.
The Uniform Collaborative Law Rules/Act rejected by the ABA House of Delegates By Casey Harter October 2011 As the practice of collaborative law has spread, it has become increasingly important that there be some framework protecting participants and promoting uniformity in the process.
What every lawyer should know about Collaborative Law (a.k.a., Collaborative Practice) By Sandra Crawford June 2011 Three things every lawyer should also know about Collaborative Law: (1) there is a favorable American Bar Association Formal Ethics Opinion (Opinion No. 07-447) on the topic; (2) Since October, 2010 there has been a Uniform Collaborative Law Act adopted in several states; and (3) there is an international organization, the International Academy of Collaborative Professionals, which has also promulgated Ethical Standards for Collaborative Practitioners.
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Africa Storytelling Challenge
cross Africa, scientists, researchers and entrepreneurs are working tirelessly to develop innovative solutions that have a positive impact in their own communities and around the world. Unfortunately, much of the work of these talented and passionate scientists often remains unrecognized.
Through the Champions of Science—Africa Storytelling Challenge, Johnson & Johnson offered innovators a platform to make their important stories heard. As Seema Kumar, Vice President, Innovation, Global Health and Science Policy Communication, noted, “By amplifying the stories of scientific innovation taking place across Africa and the impact it is having on families, communities and the world, we hope to build public engagement and support for science, and inspire Africa’s young women and men to pursue careers in science and innovation.”
After receiving more than 100 contest submissions between May and August 2018, an independent committee of scientists, policymakers and science journalists reviewed the applications and determined the winners.
Below, meet the innovators who were selected in our inaugural Champions of Science—Africa Storytelling Challenge. These five pioneers are improving their communities and helping to inspire the next generation to pursue scientific fields that will have the potential to drive Africa’s socio-economic transformation.
Spotlight on the Winners
The noteworthy contributions of our five contest winners reflect the unlimited opportunities that science brings—to Africa and beyond.
Maame Ekua Manful
As an academic research student in Ghana, Manful leads a budding start-up company that’s helping address vitamin A deficiency in developing countries—one yogurt at a time.
Learn More About Manful’s Work and Watch Her Video
Askwar Hilonga, Ph.D.
Thanks to Dr. Hilonga’s invention of the Nanofilter, thousands of people in rural Tanzania now have access to clean water. He hopes to eventually extend the reach of his product to help improve the lives of millions of others.
Learn More About Dr. Hilonga’s Work and Watch His Video
Elizabeth Kperrun
The CEO of Zenafri Limited, Kperrun has developed educational apps and animated video content for children in Africa. Using modern-day technology, her award-winning products help students understand the importance of preserving and promoting African culture.
Learn More About Kperrun’s Work and Watch Her Video
Philippa Ngaju Makobore
Along with a team of engineers in Uganda, Makobore developed the prototype for a product that helps safely and accurately regulate lifesaving IV fluids and drugs. Thanks to their innovations, children throughout sub-Saharan Africa now have access to improved medical care.
Learn More About Makobore’s Work and Watch Her Video
Levit Nudi
Nudi, a self-taught software developer and tech enthusiast, developed the mobile app Tambua. Since its launch in 2018, the app has helped prevent the spread of counterfeit and substandard prescription medications throughout Africa.
Learn More About Nudi’s Work and Watch His Video
Meet the Africa Storytelling Challenge Judges
Read Notable Submissions From Challenge Runner-Ups
Champions of Science®
We launched Champions of Science®, a multifaceted initiative, to convene and catalyze champions of science and engage people of all generations and backgrounds to see the unlimited opportunities that science brings.
Featured Innovation Stories
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Darren Aronofsky wants you to say ‘No’ to meth
By 6 Degrees No Bacon November 9, 2011 1:31 pm
Meth is experiencing a pop culture moment thanks to the success of the AMC show “Breaking Bad,” about a mild-mannered high school chemistry teacher turned meth kingpin, played by Bryan Cranston.
While the series occasionally demonstrates the destructiveness of meth use –in one memorable scene a female addict flattens her boyfriend’s head with an ATM — it mostly focuses on the risks and rewards of being a manufacturer of the drug.
So how does one properly scare teens and keep them from trying meth?
Cue director Darren Aronofsky, author of several nightmares I had in college (due to late night viewings of “Requiem for a Dream”). He has put together several 30-second spots illustrating the destructiveness of meth use, which can lead to suicide attempts, gay male prostitution, and stealing from your family. The ads feature his signature dark and twisted style.
‘Incitement’ director Yaron Zilberman tries to get inside the head of Yitzhak Rabin’s killer
By Tom Tugend January 16, 2020 11:21 am
Don’t wait until we’re married to involve us in Jewish life
By Beth Ruth Vander Stoep January 15, 2020 3:34 pm
from Alma This link opens in a new window
Watch Culture
By Gabe Friedman January 15, 2020 2:50 pm
By Rachel Jacoby Rosenfield and Maital Friedman January 15, 2020 12:33 pm
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©2016 by JUNGLEFOWL
Minimalist set-up, maximal force: Detroit's JUNGLEFOWL raise a might ruckus despite being just a duo.
Springing forth from the finest influences in art-pop, the indie-rock avant-garde, post-punk, neo-folk and a bit of straight-up sludgy psychedelia, Melissa Coppola (drums/vocals) and Stefan Carr (guitars/fuzz) have found a balance of the touch and the delicate, the confrontational yet confessional, the whiplash velocity and the earworm melody...
Most importantly, JUNGLEFOWL never lose themselves in the distortion crescendos nor do they grind a garage-rock axe too insistently; part of the next generation of Detroit's indie music scene, they're blending an amalgam of flavors, fusing faintly-danceable groove to a fierce melee of fuzz.
JUNGLEFOWL's aptly titled debut E.P. Strut, is imbued with a catchy kind of pluck and pugilistic swagger (in the form of buzzy riffs and aerobic drum kicks.) But there's too much charisma in these tight tunes to consider it merely garage or punk, even if they are bringing a bit of that ferocity. Instead, Coppola's heart-on-the-sleeve lyrics, her sweetly-toned balladeer voice and the bolstering vibrancy of Carr's guitar speak to the scrapper side of our spirit that arches toward something stronger inside of us, with vocals of vulnerability empowered by the thrust of a sublime kind of stomp-rock, it's a cooler, confidence-inducing kind of headbanging affair.
"Flexed and fierce through the verses, unhinged and exhilarating in the choruses, this Ypsilanti duo really only needs its drums, guitars and vocals (along with those fiery fuzz pedals) to effect an awesome blend of indie-pop melody and sinister shreds of garage rock."
- Detroit Free Press
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Call of Duty>
Call of Duty: Ghosts>
Call of Duty: Ghosts EN Language Only Xbox 360 CD Key>
Buy Call of Duty: Ghosts EN Language Only Xbox 360 CD Key
ActionFPS
Product contains only English language(s)
Welcome to Call of Duty®: Ghosts, an extraordinary step forward for one of the largest entertainment franchises of all-time. This new chapter in the Call of Duty® franchise features a fresh dynamic where players are on the side of a crippled nation fighting not for freedom, or liberty, but simply to survive.
Ten years after a devastating mass event, the nation’s borders and the balance of global power have been redrawn forever. A superpower no more, its economy and government in ashes, the country’s once-mighty military struggles to stave off complete collapse.
As what’s left of the nation’s Special Operations forces, a mysterious group known only as “Ghosts” leads the fight back against a newly emerged, technologically-superior global power.
Fueling this boldly reimagined Call of Duty® universe, the franchise’s ambitious new next-gen engine delivers stunning levels of immersion and performance all while maintaining the speed and fluidity of 60 frames-per-second across all platforms.
The Introduction of a New Next-Gen Engine: Call of Duty®’s new next-gen engine ushers in an unprecedented level of innovation, delivering stunning and lifelike characters, gorgeously rendered environments, and authentic real-world animations, all brought to life by advanced lighting systems and visual effects that redefine forever the signature standards Call of Duty® fans have come to expect from the critically-acclaimed series.
A New Call of Duty® Universe: For the first time in franchise history, players will take on the underdog role with Call of Duty®: Ghosts; outnumbered and outgunned, players must fight to reclaim a fallen nation in an intensely personal narrative. Gamers will get to know an entirely new cast of characters and locales in a world unlike any that Call of Duty® has explored before.
The Next Generation of Multiplayer: Armed with a new next gen engine, Call of Duty®: Ghosts redefines the franchise’s hallmark multiplayer experience. Dynamic maps bring earthquakes, floods, and user-initiated events that fundamentally alter the flow and strategy of every fight. Also, with unparalleled character customization, players have total control to tailor-make their soldier. These are just two of the many innovations going into the Call of Duty®: Ghosts
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PlayStation Gives Up On The Handheld Console Market
There will be no successor to the PS Vita according to PlayStation CEO Jim Ryan. This news comes as the console manufacturer celebrates its 25th birthday this week. Ryan credits the rise of mobile gaming as one of the causes of PS Vita's failure.
Conor Mitchell 2019-12-06 No Comments 0 likes News
PlayStation has confirmed that the company is no longer in the business of making handheld consoles. This news puts an end to any hope of a possible PS Vita successor, a console that failed to catch the public’s attention as much as its predecessor, the PSP, had.
Speaking to Game Informer as part of a feature celebrating the 25th anniversary of PlayStation, recently installed CEO Jim Ryan spoke about the failed handheld and confirmed that the company had no plans to create handhelds in the future. On the subject of the Vita, Ryan lamented the promise the console held.
PlayStation Vita was brilliant in many ways, and the actual gaming experience was great, but it’s a business that we’re no longer in now.
Mobile Gaming Killed PlayStation’s Handheld Console Business
Even a Vita exclusive Uncharted adventure wasn’t enough to shift units
The PS Vita is a sore subject for the console manufacturer. Released at the tale-end of the 7th generation, the Vita pushed the limits of what a handheld console could achieve. Unfortunately, the console lacked an identity and, as such, lacked any reason to buy it. Developers ignored it for the most part, reducing the titles available on the platform. Combined with the cost, which was only compounded by the outrageous prices of memory cards (required due to the console’s tiny 1GB storage memory), and it was bound to fail.
Ryan also credits the rise of mobile gaming as an attributing factor to the PS Vita’s downfall. Why spend hundreds on a new console with inferior games, when you can download free games onto a device you already own? Many customers agreed with this. When Sony officially announced that the console would be discontinued, it had sold only 10-15 million units. Real numbers aren’t known, but if we look at the sales of the original PSP (80 – 82 million), it becomes clear why PlayStation would be uncomfortable publicising its failure.
The future of PlayStation looks to be focused firmly on the possibilities of streaming and increased digitisation. Nintendo, on the other hand, has managed to dominate the handheld console market for well over a decade now, including their most recent console, the Switch Lite. PlayStation’s exit from the handheld market may be sad news for some, but ultimately, this feels like the best move for the platform.
Tags: Playstation, Gaming News, PS Vita
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Conor Mitchell
25 year old writer, gamer & amateur philosopher. Whether it’s getting hyped for the next big game or getting all nostalgic about childhood classics, Conor lives & breathes gaming.
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Here are the best cheat mods for Skyrim that will grant you untold powers and control over your game experience. Get ready to roleplay a god-like character and have tons of fun whi...
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UBCO Heat
Discover Summer
Community Leader Awards
Best of Kelowna
B.C. Finance Minister Carole James presents the provincial budget in Victoria on Tuesday. (Tom Fletcher - Black Press)
2019’s “status quo” budget accepted cautiously by Kelowna Chamber
“(This budget) is to appeal to an NDP base.”
Kathy Michaels
Feb. 20, 2019 4:30 p.m.
Young families and students will benefit from 2019’s “status quo” B.C. budget, Kelowna Chamber of Commerce members heard Monday.
“(This budget) is to appeal to an NDP base, but even those in the base thought they could go further, particularly from a poverty reduction perspective,” Dan Rogers, the chamber’s executive director, told a roomful of local business people eager to hear how the budget would effect their bottom line.
One of the most significant budget items is the $380-million B.C. Child Opportunity Benefit, which will give families with children up to age 18 as much as $3,400 a year.
The new benefit, which kicks in October 2020, will be combined with the early childhood tax benefit, which is only paid for kids up to age six. Families earning up to $97,487 a year will be eligible for the benefit.
Chamber members were told, however, plenty of people will be excluded from this benefit.
For example, in a two-income home where each person’s net income is $60,000, there would be no payment, even if it’s a home with three children.
Gains made in education include a boost to the Kindergarten to Grade 12 budget of $550 million over three years.
It’s been increased to cover growing enrolment and the extra teachers and support staff required to meet the 2016 Supreme Court of Canada decision on class size and composition. Education funding to school districts is now $5.97 billion a year.
There was also $2.7 billion earmarked for maintaining and replacing schools in the public system. That will benefit Lake Country, which is slated for a new middle school and community centre, chamber members were told.
READ ALSO: HEATHER SHARP NOMINATED FOR 40 OVER 40
Around $3.3 billion has been designated for post-secondary facilities, which includes the new health sciences building at Okanagan College.
Post-secondary students also got some help in this budget, with the eradication of interest on students loans. That’s a savings of an average of $2,300 after graduation.
While the benefits to young families and children have taken centre stage, Rogers said the B.C. Chamber was glad to see a balanced budget, but is concerned about the cost at which it cam, and what’s around the corner.
“The business community and Kelowna chamber concern is that it’s being balanced on the back of business through taxation,” he said.
“The provincial government has invested in affordability, but business has taken on most of the load in that.”
Businesses, he said, are facing a cumulative effect of immense tax increases that will likely stall their ability to grow.
Of note is the Employer Health Tax. Businesses are now officially footing the bill to the tune of $1.9 billion, while still contributing to the MSP.
The Employer Health Tax will cover the full phase-out of MSP premiums in 2020 and then some. The new tax will have a negative effect on growth and investment by businesses and employers paying the full cost, including some not-for-profit organizations, said Rogers.
The government is overcharging in 2019 by $600 million over what it requires, according to its own 2018 budget estimates.
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$10-a-day child care not in 2019 budget, but advocate not irked
Shock collars are harmful and don’t work, BC SPCA says
Climate change event coming to Kelowna next Wednesday
Panel experts will discuss how the Okanagan can adapt to climate change in the years ahead
Central Okanagan film “Love in Winterland” released on demand
The movie was produced up at Big White late last year
Kelowna author Irwin Wislesky to release science-fiction novel on time travel
Invisible Footprints in Time follows Maxine Samuels and her quest back in time to save the future
Cowichan Valley woman files sexual harassment suit against former Mountie
Burkett is also being sued by two other women for sexual harassment
Kelowna’s Malindi Elmore crowned the fastest female marathon runner in Canadian history
As of Jan. 19, 2020 she holds the Canadian record for the marathon, running a 2:24:50
The DOs and DON’Ts of saving!
So the end of January is getting closer … how are your…
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New urgent care planned on Bainbridge Island
CHI Franciscan and CityMD will open the clinic at Virginia Mason in 2019.
New urgent care planned on Bainbridge Island CHI Franciscan and CityMD will open the clinic at Virginia Mason in 2019. Check out this story on kitsapsun.com: https://www.kitsapsun.com/story/news/2018/09/18/bainbridge-island-medical-urgent-care/1292235002/
Tad Sooter, Kitsap Sun Published 2:08 p.m. PT Sept. 18, 2018 | Updated 3:37 p.m. PT Sept. 18, 2018
Virginia Mason clinic under construction on Bainbridge Island.(Photo: Meegan M. Reid / Kitsap Sun)Buy Photo
BAINBRIDGE ISLAND — An urgent care clinic planned for the Virginia Mason medical center on Bainbridge Island will allow more patients to have illnesses and injuries treated on the island rather than being transferred to mainland hospitals.
CHI Franciscan Health is developing the clinic with CityMD, an urgent care chain with more than 100 locations in New York, New Jersey and Washington. The clinic is slated to open in Virginia Mason's new Wintergreen Walk center in early 2019, according to a news release.
Virginia Mason entered into a "strategic partnership" with CHI Franciscan in 2016. CHI Franciscan owns seven other CityMD urgent cares in King and Pierce counties.
According to the news release, CityMD staffs its urgent care centers primarily with emergency medicine doctors. The higher level of certification means more patients can be treated on the island, a CHI Franciscan spokesman said.
MORE: Homebuyers getting a break in cooling market
"CityMD physicians typically transfer fewer patients to the emergency room and are able to treat more patients locally," the spokesman said.
Providers will treat injuries and illnesses such as sprains, minor fractures, allergies, asthma and infections. The urgent island care center will be open 8 a.m. to 8 p.m. Monday through Friday, 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. on Saturdays and 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. on Sundays. Wait times at CityMD clinics are typically 8 minutes or less according to the news release.
Virginia Mason, which moved its island clinic from Winslow Way to a 30,000-square-foot facility in the Wintergreen Walk development off High School road in June, offers patients walk-in care for non-urgent health condition.
MORE: Virginia Mason Bainbridge clinic opening in June
City mulling clinic purchase
The announcement of the new urgent care comes as the city of Bainbridge Island is considering purchasing CHI Franciscan's Harrison Medical Center urgent care clinic on New Brooklyn Road to retrofit as a police and courts facility.
CHI Franciscan opened the 18,000-square-foot Harrison clinic in 2014. It offered to sell the property to the city earlier this year. Bainbridge spokeswoman Kristen Drew said "discussions are ongoing" between city and medical group.
The Harrison clinic is currently the only urgent care center on the island. The CityMD clinic would allow CHI Franciscan to keep providing those services to islanders if the Harrison facility is sold.
MORE: Naval Hospital doesn't want to get rattled when next rumble comes
"As part of our commitment to the island, CHI Franciscan's partnership with CityMD will provide a continuation of high-quality urgent care services to the Bainbridge community," the CHI Franciscan spokesman said.
The spokesman did not say whether the Harrison clinic would continue offering urgent care in 2019 if the city doesn't buy the property. The Harrison and CityMD centers will be less than a mile apart.
"Any future decisions regarding the Harrison urgent care site will be made separately," the spokesman said.
MORE: Bainbridge murder victim remembered as family man, outdoorsman, hard worker
Read or Share this story: https://www.kitsapsun.com/story/news/2018/09/18/bainbridge-island-medical-urgent-care/1292235002/
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< Back to Knowledge Bureau Report
Disability Tax Credit: Taxpayers Found and Won Back Concessions
Beth Graddon
Health transition planning is an emerging trend, to be discussed in May at the CE Summits tour with special guest expert Karen Henderson. One way advisors can help is to keep an eye on recent tax issues for disabled Canadians – particularly those with diabetes. These taxpayers have struggled to access and retain two important government benefits, The Disability Tax Credit (DTC) and Registered Disability Savings Plan (RDSP).
Fortunately, the taxpayer revolt around the retroactive change to claiming the DTC by diabetics largely paid off. Recall two years ago, when the government found itself in hot water when it rejected the Disability Tax Credit (DTC) claims for a significant number of Canadians living with diabetes who had previously been accessing the benefit. The CRA stated that the majority of diabetics shouldn’t qualify for the credit. Why? Their claim was that insulin administration shouldn’t take the 14-hours a week as required to qualify under life sustaining therapy provisions, due to advancements in medicine and technology.
Despite this, in July of 2018 60% of taxpayers won back their rights, though receiving their refunds was anticipated to take up to 30-weeks. That’s a long time to wait to get money back – especially by those who rely on it to help with medical expenses!
Although most affected should have now received their refunds, those still waiting may need to request an intervention from a tax pro, who can also help with claims for the DTC and new savings opportunities under the RDSP.
Accessing the DTC and RDSP programs is an already complex process. Qualification for the DTC, which is claimed on the tax return, entitles those eligible to become a beneficiary under an RDSP. The RDSP is a tax deferred private pension accumulation opportunity with government-funded grants and bonds attached). However, first qualifying for the DTC itself can be challenging, as it first entails getting a signed T2201 form from a medical or nurse practitioner.
The length of time an individual qualifies for the DTC is then subject to the CRA’s internal policies. They may grant the credit for one-year periods, requiring re-application each year. Or they may provide it for set periods of time, or even permanently.
Currently, if an individual with an RDSP becomes DTC-ineligible, even short-term, the RDSP must be closed by the end of the year following the first full year during which the beneficiary is not eligible for the DTC. No Canada Disability Savings Grants and Canada Disability Savings Bonds may be paid into the RDSP.
For 2021 and subsequent taxation years, Budget 2019 proposes to remove the existing time limitation on the period that an RDSP may remain open after its beneficiary becomes DTC-ineligible. Budget 2019 also proposes to eliminate the requirement for a licensed medical doctor or nurse practitioner to certify in writing that the beneficiary is likely to become DTC-eligible in future in order for the plan to remain open. A transitional rule will ensure that an RDSP issuer will not be required to terminate an RDSP after March 18, 2019 and before 2021 solely because the RDSP beneficiary became DTC-ineligible.
These changes, if implemented, could play an important role in continuity planning. Both the DTC and RDSP can provide seniors with needed income streams that factor into their budgets, for financial planning, long-term care, and other health-related costs.
This makes tax season an important time for advisors to revisit tax and financial planning strategies with disabled clients, and to get up-to-speed on the proposed changes, which the government anticipates having in place by 2020. According to the Parliamentary Budget Officer, this expansion will come at a cost of $48 million.
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West High’s Partner’s Club recognized for creating an inclusive environment for all students
By Samie Solina |
Posted: Wed 10:11 AM, Oct 16, 2019
ANCHORAGE (KTUU) - West High School was recently recognized by the 2019 ESPN honor roll as a top 34 Special Olympics Unified Champion School for their work on inclusivity.
“It’s an opportunity for students in the general education population to spend time in a special education classroom to just hang out with kids and get to know one another,” said Kaleb Kuehn, the supervisor for the club.
Once a week, the club meets in a special education program during lunch.
“I started coming when I was a freshman,” said Quincy Donley, a student co-president of the club. “I liked the vibe of the community, I liked the message that it’s so inclusive to everyone.”
But the inclusive environment isn’t confined to the classroom.
The members often hang out after school and practice sports like bowling and skiing.
“It’s grown a lot,” Kuehn said. “Our kids getting out in the general education classes to have really helped our program.”
West High School, along with Chugiak High School, Eagle River High School and East High School’s Partner’s Club have been nationally recognized for their effective efforts in providing inclusive sports and activities for their entire student body.
Copyright 2019 KTUU. All Rights Reserved.
Rural Cap program puts elders in the classroom
Moose Pass School is the “centerpiece” of its community
Get up and Gab with the Get up Gang with Dawson McKay at KBEAR 104.1
Eagle River girl getting creative to raise money for Australia wildlife
Get up and Gab with the Get up Gang with Matt and Dawson at KBEAR 104.1
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LBS Takes Owner-Manager Programme Participants on Five-day Tour of Ghana’s Business Climate
Participants on LBS’ Owner-Manager Programme recently concluded a five-day visit to Ghana as part of the programme’s goal to expose them to expand their businesses beyond Nigeria and encourage inter-African trade.
The programme was organised in partnership with the University of Ghana Business School and KPMG Ghana to ensure participants were comprehensively informed of what it takes to successfully do business in Ghana. They were also informed about opportunities in specific industries such as real estate and agriculture in Ghana.
Academic Director for the Owner-Manager Programme, Dr Henrietta Onwuegbuzie defended the choice of destination saying, “In the last five years, we’ve been to other African countries such as Kenya and Rwanda. This time, we decided to explore a West African country and we chose Ghana for its proximity advantage.”
At the roundtable discussion which held at the Graduate Campus of UGBS, the Ghana Investment Promotion Council were also present to enlighten the participants on the regulatory requirements and incentives for doing business in Ghana and participants were advised to study new market trends before committing resources.
Dr Onwuegbuzie said, “In addition to the sessions given by KPMG Ghana and the University of Ghana Business School, we wanted to hear experiences from Ghanaian entrepreneurs. From the frankness of their presentations, it became clear that to navigate Ghana successfully, it is safer to go into joint ventures with Ghanaian entrepreneurs.”
Participants also visited two major Ghanaian entrepreneurs, Kasapreko, makers of the herbal alcoholic product, Alomo Bitters, and a pharmaceutical giant, Kinapharma. Networking dinners and sessions were also held, where Ghanaian delicacies such as Banku and tilapia were enjoyed. Finally, the participants were hosted by the Nigerian High Commission in Ghana where they were promised assistance and enablement in the event of a solid interest in setting up a business in the country.
The week-long event ended with a visit to cultural sites.
Tolu Omoyeni
Yale President, Peter Salovey discusses Emotional Intelligence at Lagos Business School
On Friday, January 17, 2020, Lagos Business School (LBS) hosted Yale President, Peter Salovey who discussed emotional intelligence in leadership and business with students, alumni and staff of the School.
Delegates discuss Africa’s transformation at AFAM 2020 Closing Ceremony
Held on Saturday, January 11, the closing ceremonies began with paper sessions, professional development workshops, an all academy meeting and concluded with an exciting dinner ceremony.
Lagos Business School hosts over 150 delegates at 2020 Africa Academy of Management Conference
On January 8, 2020, Lagos Business School opened its doors over 150 management scholars, academics and other delegates from across the continent who will be participating in the 2020 Africa Academy of Management conference (AFAM).
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Oil of Oregano and the Liver
By Laura Wallace Henderson
dianazh/iStock/Getty Images
Your liver is one of the largest and most important organs in your body, according to the Ohio State University Medical Center. Liver inflammation, also called hepatitis, can occur for a variety of reasons. Liver disease may endanger your health and life. Although oil of oregano has certain medicinal properties, there is no indication that this herbal substance plays a role in the health of your liver. Talk to your doctor before attempting to treat a liver condition with herbal products.
Liver Inflammation
Conditions that may cause liver inflammation include viral and bacterial infections, parasites, and consuming excess amounts of medications, including acetaminophen. Eating poisonous mushrooms or drinking too much alcohol can damage your liver. Autoimmune disorders and inflammatory bowel disease may also threaten the health of your liver. Symptoms of liver inflammation include fatigue, jaundice, loss of appetite, fever, weight loss, nausea, itching and abdominal pain. A liver disorder may cause you to produce clay-colored stools and dark urine.
Oregano is a common herb that has a long history of medicinal use, including the treatment of spider bites, snake bites and respiratory problems. This herb grows wild in the higher elevations of many Mediterranean countries. Some people use oregano oil to treat yeast infections, although more research is necessary to determine the benefits and risks of this herbal oil. Oil of oregano contains antioxidants, although these substances do not necessarily provide health benefits, according to NYU Langone Medical Center.
Although oregano oil may not contain medicinal properties that affect the function of your liver, other herbs may pose a risk to this organ. Herbs that may be dangerous to the health of your liver include, but are not limited to, kava, comfrey, mistletoe, chaparral and senna, according to a report from the University of Hawaii. Herbs and supplements that have a reputation for treating liver disorders include American ginseng, dandelion, milk thistle, green tea, celery seed, grape seed, yarrow and turmeric, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center, although the UMMC does not recommend taking these herbs for this purpose.
Oil of oregano is not a standard remedy for liver disorders. Although oregano in its herb form is safe for most people, the essential oil of herbs may be toxic or may cause allergic reactions. Herbs and other supplements may interact with some medications, making it important to talk to your doctor before taking these products, especially if you have a liver disorder or other serious health condition.
NYU Langone Medical Center: Oregano Oil
University of Hawaii: Potentially life - threatening herbs: Reported Cases in MEDLINE of Liver Toxicity, Renal Toxicity, Cardiotoxicity, Cancer, and Death
Laura Wallace Henderson, a professional freelance writer, began writing in 1989. Her articles appear online at Biz Mojo, Walden University and various other websites. She has served as the co-editor for "Kansas Women: Focus on Health." She continues to empower and encourage women everywhere by promoting health, career growth and business management skills.
Oregano Tea Side Effects
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The Effects of Smoking Wormwood
Boswellia Complex Side Effects
Herbal Remedies for the Pancreas
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What is BHO (Butane Hash Oil)?
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What is CBN (Cannabinol)?
Cannabis extracts are becoming extremely popular. BHO is a type of cannabis extract made using butane.
BHO products go by many names, such as wax, shatter, honey, honeycomb, pull-and-snap, whip, budder, and so on. They can vary in texture and appearance, from viscous liquid to crumbly wax to hard, glass-like shards.
All of them are extracted forms of the cannabis plant made using butane as a solvent. The result is a clean, concentrated cannabis product that is more potent and flavorful than other consumption methods.
These characteristics have led BHO to be one of the most popular products on the cannabis market today.
How is BHO Made?
(Photo: Shutterstock)
The process of making butane hash oil, or BHO, involves extracting the cannabinoids and terpenes from the cannabis plant.
Butane, which is a nonpolar chemical solvent, washes over the plant material and dissolves the plant’s compounds. Other hydrocarbon solvents, like hexane or propane, can also be used.
That solution is then purged of any remaining solvent, and a pure cannabis extract is left behind.
Open Loop Extraction
In the method used by DIY home producers — an “open-loop system” — the solvent is sprayed through one end of a tube that has been stuffed with cannabis, and passes through filters attached to the other end of the tube.
This method is extremely dangerous because butane solvents are highly flammable, and home set-ups may not follow proper safety protocols. Open system BHO also does not have a safe and clean process of purging remaining contaminants from the oil.
Nicholas Tennant, founder of Michigan-based Precision Extraction Solutions, says the cannabis industry is growing out of this open system method.
“Open systems are like stuffing a tube full of cannabis and spraying a can of lighter fluid through it,” explains Tennant, “and that has absolutely no place in the industry. Nobody really does that anymore, except for guys doing it illegally in their basements.”
Closed Loop Extraction
The “closed-loop system” used commercially, on the other hand, is very safe, says Tennant, whose company provides equipment, set-up, training and resources to commercial BHO labs.
A closed system utilizes two vessels on either side of a column of cannabis.
Sealed and pressurized, the solvent travels from one vessel through the cannabis and into the second vessel, before being pushed back into the first vessel. The butane is evaporated from the cannabis solution, which is then vacuum-purged of any remaining solvents.
To ensure quality, producers typically rely on 99.5 percent instrument grade n-Butane. They also want to use fresh cannabis, explains Tennant.
“Once the cannabis is harvested — the more it sits, the more it oxidizes, the more it’s subjected to heat — it’s cooking off the smells and flavors and contributing negatively to what the product will become,” he says.
Terpenes have a different boiling point than cannabinoids, and can evaporate at moderate temperatures.
A desire to keep these compounds stable has led to a “fresh-frozen” trend, in which cannabis buds are frozen immediately after harvesting to preserve all of the plant’s properties. Products made using this method are known as live resin.
Extract professionals use different techniques to fine-tune the finished product. Terpene isolation, for instance, can be used to shape the BHO’s flavor using special extraction methods that preserve the plant’s natural terpenes.
“The science behind it allows you to make products that are superior and vastly varied rather than just subject to how that plant was grown,” says Tennant.
How is BHO Used and Why is it So Popular?
Cannabis concentrates are nothing new. Hash became popular throughout the Far East centuries ago, and eventually spread across the world.
But modern-day concentrates got a kick-start in the 1990s, when California’s medical marijuana laws ushered in new experimentation.
Extracts as we know them today are thought to have appeared on the scene around the new millennium. However, they remained elusive to the average user because there was no easy way to smoke them.
Their big breakthrough came about a decade ago, when some inventive stoners devised a small gadget that made smoking BHOs accessible: a glass and titanium nail positioned in a bong’s stem, also known as a dab rig. Suddenly, cannabis entered the era of dabbing.
To dab, a small amount of the concentrate is heated up on a hot surface, like the nail in a dab rig. The user then inhales as the concentrate burns, or more accurately, vaporizes.
“In its best form [BHO] is consumed by vaporizing incredibly flavorful dabs of oil,” says Daniel “Big D” de Sailles, partner at Top Shelf Extracts in Denver, Colorado.
“[This] is done with the aid of custom-blown glass, torches, and other accessories. It is easier to regulate your dosage with BHO, but those who dab frequently build up strong tolerances,” he says.
The extreme potency of extracts (along with images of people lighting up with blowtorches) has earned BHO a reputation as “the fringe of the ‘stoner’ demographic,” says de Sailles.
But while cannabis extracts are often referred to collectively as “dabs,” this can be a misnomer. BHO products can be used in a variety of ways, not just by dabbing.
“The truth is that it’s used in most edibles, topicals and vape cartridges, which are the products most popular with the emerging recreational markets,” says de Sailles.
Tennant says extreme dabbers aren’t representative of the norm. “You’ll always have people who consume to excess, whether it’s with alcohol or any product,” he says.
“The unfortunate scenario is that usually that gets the most attention. But it’s up to people to regulate what they put into their bodies and consume things in a safe fashion.”
“Most of the extracts produced don’t go into dabs,” he goes on. “Extracts can be put into pretty much anything: edibles, topicals, transdermal patches, under the tongue, tinctures, vape pens. The possibilities are endless for the consumption methods and the route of delivery into the human bloodstream.”
Popularity of Dabs
Tennant says extracts began to outpace other cannabis sales around five years ago. He predicts that they may soon make up 60 percent of cannabis products available in legal markets.
Chris Conrad, author of The Newbie’s Guide to Cannabis and the Industry, says there’s a limit to how popular extracts will become because of their potency.
“Solvent extracts are in high demand with manufacturers and in dispensaries and they are here to stay,” he says.
“Dabbing is hard to modulate and it has limited interest for people unless they have severe medical need or want to push the limits of consumption, so I don’t think solvent extracts will ever be as popular as the gentle, sensual high of smoking or vaporizing cannabis flowers.”
What Types of BHO Exist?
Various finishing techniques are used to give BHO different textures and appearances, ranging from hard and glass-like to dry and crumbly.
Temperature, moisture and whipping can all be used to transform translucent, liquid hash oil into these different forms.
This is an effect of agitating the THCA — the non-psychoactive cannabinoid found in raw cannabis — in the extract, which causes it to crystalize and solidify.
The terpene content also determines a product’s consistency. The higher the terpene content, the runnier the extract will be.
Types of BHO
Oil — A viscous, translucent liquid.
Wax — A product with a moldable, ear-wax consistency that’s easy to use but does not last as long as shatter.
Shatter — A hard and transparent extract that looks like honey-colored glass. It’s more stable than wax and the effects last longer.
Sap — A product similar to shatter, but thick and stretchy.
Crumble — A dry and crumbly type of extract.
Budder — Whipped BHO that lands between wax and crumble in consistency. It’s often described as having a peanut butter-like texture.
Live resin — A product made from whole, live cannabis flowers that are fresh-frozen, giving it better flavor and aroma retention.
Pull-and-Snap — Extracts with a taffy-like quality that can snap if bent.
Honeycomb — Just like it sounds, this extract has the appearance of honeycomb.
5 Essential Facts About Cannabis Oil
BHO products have a THC content that ranges from 50-90%, but is usually around 80%. This makes them one of the strongest products on the legal market. In comparison, marijuana flowers typically contain 10-30% THC.
For medical patients with chronic pain and intractable conditions, BHO’s super-high potency makes it a great way to receive a lot of medicine quickly and easily.
“Dabbing is the fastest way to get large dosages of cannabinoids into your system,” explains Conrad, who is also a professor at Oaksterdam University. “It [provides] very strong medical relief and its effects last longer than other inhaled forms of ingestion, but not as long as edibles.”
Brands and Pricing
Popular concentrate brands include NectarBee, in Colorado, which offers products like Pure Wax, Pure Shatter, and Pure Live Batter, and Crown Genetics, with a product line that includes Banana Bread Nug Run Shatter and Bubba Walker Live Resin Shatter.
Prices for BHO vary depending on the brand, product, potency and location of sale. While typically more expensive than cannabis flowers, BHOs are much stronger and a little bit can go a long way.
“Solvent extracts… are much more intense than other inhaled forms, so one inhalation might equate to smoking an entire joint [in] one breath,” says Conrad.
Is BHO Safe?
Because BHO products are extremely potent, users should be very careful about dosing in order to avoid uncomfortable or overwhelming highs.
“Always sit down before you ‘dab’ cannabis solvent extracts, so you don’t fall and get hurt, and you also might need to lie down for a while if it becomes too intense,” says Conrad.
Getting The Right Dose
When consuming extracts in edibles, Conrad says to “remember to know how potent it is and start with only a small amount (5-10mg THC). The effect is delayed for an hour or more, so wait at least an hour before you take more. For some people, it may take two hours to feel the effect.”
De Sailles, with Top Shelf Extracts, offers the following dosing instructions: 50-100mg THC per dose for edibles (with 100mg being on the strong side); 25-100mg THC per dose for dabs, depending on tolerance and experience; and for vaping, simply take a puff as needed.
Homemade Extracts
Homemade BHO products are both riskier to consume and much more dangerous to make. The biggest health risk in using BHOs is the potential for ingesting contaminants like residual pesticides that may have been concentrated along with the cannabis compounds.
Homemade operations may also have used plastic pipes and buckets, poor quality butane, and imperfect purging methods—all of which can taint the quality of the product.
Open loop systems used in homemade BHO operations have resulted in explosions, deaths, and severe burns and injuries. “This is not a business meant to be home-based at all, ever,” says Tennant.
Commercial Extracts
The rise of commercial BHO products over the last decade has provided an ample supply of clean, reliable and safe extracts. Closed-loop systems use a vacuum to purge the oils to remove all impurities and also trap and reuse most of the solvents, which is more eco-friendly and much safer.
Tennant says that BHOs are sometimes misunderstood as unsafe because they are made with chemical solvents. But commercial production uses pure, instrument-grade solvents and then purges all remaining solvents from the end product.
“There’s nothing left in the product when it’s done — it’s a completely clean product, manufactured with a superior commercial method,” he says.
“You’re taking the native inherent properties of the plant — the terpenes, the cannabinoids — and you’re consuming them in a form that allows you to [avoid] all of the harmful byproducts.”
You should also buy lab-tested BHO from dispensaries in order to know that it was made properly and is safe to use.
With lab-tested products, “you’re going to know what percentage purity it is and that it’s been tested for pesticides and for the exact terpene content,” explains Tennant.
“So you’re going to have an exact breakdown of what’s in there and as a consumer, that’s extremely important — you want to know what you’re putting into your body and that it’s safe.”
bho extraction bho extractor bho oil bho wax butane hash oil butane hash oil extraction butane hash oil side effects how is butane hash oil made how to make bho is butane hash oil safe types of bho what is bho what is butane hash oil
Does Marijuana Cause Lung Damage?
Marijuana 101
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Home Financial Services Regulation AFMA announces launch of FX Global Code Register for Australia
AFMA announces launch of FX Global Code Register for Australia
Regulation January 12, 2018 —by Valentina Kirilova 0
The Australian Financial Markets Association (AFMA) has launched a Public Register for Statements of Commitment to the FX Global Code (the Code) by participants in the wholesale Australian foreign exchange market.
The AFMA Register is supported by ACI Australia. AFMA and ACI Australia are currently accepting Statements of Commitment from market participants for uploading to the register.
The opening of the Register maintains Australia’s place at the leading edge of global developments in relation to good practice in wholesale foreign exchange markets.
The FX Global Code, launched in May 2017, provides a common set of guidelines to promote the integrity and effective functioning of the wholesale foreign exchange market. Regulators and central banks, including the Reserve Bank of Australia, have firmly encouraged wholesale market participants to sign a Statement of Commitment to demonstrate their intention to adhere to the Code.
The Global Foreign Exchange Committee (GFXC) is promoting the development of public registers for market participants to post their Statement of Commitments. The registers will facilitate market participants declaring their recognition of the Code and their commitment to adopt the practices set out in the Code. It will also assist interested parties in identifying market participants that have signed a Statement of Commitment.
Australian Financial Markets Association
AFMA
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ASIC permanently bans a representative for Futuro Financial Services…RegulationASIC announced that it has permanently banned Mr Robert Pryor Smith, of West Lakes, South Australia from providing financial services on the basis tha…
ASIC acts against Melbourne-based financial services and credit business…RegulationThe Federal Court of Australia informed that it has made interim orders restraining Financial Circle Pty Ltd (Financial Circle) from engaging in a num…
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Khomeini Successor Hailed in Iran : Khamenei Praised by Speaker Rafsanjani at Tehran Rite
From Associated Press
TEHRAN —
Iranian Parliament Speaker Hashemi Rafsanjani on Friday turned a memorial service for the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini into a mass rally for Khomeini’s successor.
The Speaker has moved this week to bolster the reputation of President Ali Khamenei, who was picked to succeed Khomeini as supreme political and religious leader. Rafsanjani and Khamenei are considered moderates.
During his sermon at the Friday prayer service at Tehran University, Rafsanjani said Khamenei meets the conditions Khomeini outlined for his successor.
“Obeying Khamenei is obeying Khomeini,” chanted the crowd of hundreds of thousands who packed the campus and surrounding streets for miles. Families knelt on prayer mats in the streets.
The appointment of Khamenei, only a middle-ranking cleric, was initially viewed as temporary. However, Rafsanjani said Thursday that it is permanent.
During Friday’s memorial, Rafsanjani and other leaders sat cross-legged on carpets next to the rostrum, which held a color portrait of Khomeini.
While he spoke, Rafsanjani clutched the barrel of an AK-47 assault rifle, as he usually does at the Friday prayer service. The gun symbolizes the determination of Iran to fight its enemies.
The Speaker said that Khomeini, although he did not specifically name a successor, had hinted that Khamenei is qualified.
He said that Khomeini, who died of a heart attack Saturday at age 86, wrote that his successor need not be a marja, or supreme religious leader, even though the constitution says so.
Khomeini had given permission many times for officials to overlook the constitution, Rafsanjani said, adding, “We all accept that leadership is above the constitution.”
Khamenei, 49, was selected to succeed Khomeini on Sunday by the Assembly of Experts. Khomeini had formed the 83-member group to handle his succession.
Iranian press reports have started calling Khamenei an ayatollah, a title reserved for the highest religious leaders.
In another sign of Khamenei’s rising fortunes, the official Islamic Republic News Agency announced that Iran’s military commanders met with him Thursday to declare their allegiance.
Also on Thursday, Rafsanjani signaled his own intention of playing a bigger political role, telling foreign reporters he wants more executive power for the presidency.
Rafsanjani, 55, is the only declared candidate in the Aug. 18 presidential election.
Khamenei’s second term as president expires in October, and the constitution bars him from running again.
Iranian moderates such as Rafsanjani seek to end the country’s international isolation and boost private enterprise. Radicals hard-liners favor a self-reliant, fundamentalist Iran.
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La Jornada "The Journey" The Adventures of Tony the Turtle
By Javier Rene Solis
This book is the sequel to La Familia "The Family" The Adventures of Tony the Turtle. The first book left you hanging now join in on the fun, adventure, danger, and even unexpected romance on this sequel. You will meet odd characters like Beto the Beaver, Lazaro Lagarto (Alligator Larry) who actually tries to eat the raft and everyone on it! Well I get ahead of myself! It is a journey to a new land to start a new life. They travel by river then they trudge through the desert with their guide Arnoldo Armadillo, who is a wannabe cowboy / hero type until they arrive at their destination, the village of Pera Espinada (Prickly Pear). It is higher English and Spanish translations into junior and senior high levels. Key themes are Family Values, Perseverance, and Self-Respect. Rene Lopez did a fantastic job with the illustrations that add in telling the story.
La Familia "The Family" The Adventures of Tony the Turtle
ISBN-13-9880770074082
Tony is a turtle and he and his family have a special feature. They have colorful shells! He and His family live, work, and play just like any other normal turtle family. Well maybe not exactly.. Enjoy them as they whistle, dance, outsmart wild animals, and even use computers! Until one day they decide that they must leave their home for a new land far away to begin a new life. It is elementary level reading with selected phrases sprinkled throughout that are translated into Spanish. It is colorful, fun, and has family values at it's core. Enjoy the first adventure!
Faith To Dream Big
Biography of Ramon Villarreal Sr.
This is a real story about a Hispanic man who despite suffering and discrimination, persevered and made his American dream come true! Situated mostly in deep South Texas along the Mexican border, Mr. Ramon Villarreal Sr. through his faith in God and hard work goes from poverty and obscurity to prominence and prosperity. This book is a recipe and study of good old-fashioned values, diligent hard work, and how to put God first in our lives in our family life, business endeavors, and in our culture and society. There are cultural, historical, and inspirational themes.
The Adventures of Tony the Turtle: La Familia "The Family"
Bilingual / Counseling 2nd Edition
"Tony is a turtle, who along with his family, have a special feature. They all have colorful shells! He and his family live, work, and play just like any other normal turtle family. Well, maybe not exactly... Enjoy them as they whistle, dance, outsmart wild animals, and even use computers! Until one day they decide that they must leave their home for a new land far away to begin a new life. There is lots of fun, adventure, and learning to be discovered. You will encounter even more adventure, excitement, and even danger on the sequel La Jornada “The Journey” as they travel though forests, rivers, and deserts to that distant and unfamiliar village called Pera Espinada / Prickly Pear where they will call home. This book is the 2nd Edition is bi-lingual with complete translation from English to Spanish with a more literal rather than dynamic style for learning purposes. There are also pages focused on study /discussion questions so parents, teachers, and counselors can address behaviors, attitudes, and positive character traits with children or students. Don’t fall off the edge of your seat as Tony the Turtle waddles and whistles his way into your hearts with crazy adventure, laughter and learning."
Song: Si Se Puede / Yes I can (Fredo's Song)
Written and sung by Javier Rene Solis
Title track to the short film Pulga Wars. It is a country song relating to the protagonist "Fredo" and his plight in dealing with his anger issues. Eloy Fernandez on 12 string and electric guitars and Rodrigo Guzman on piano, organ, and bass do an excellent job.
Available on I-Tunes, Rhapsody, Amazon, etc...
Available as a hard copy or digital download.
Order yours today!!!
Original Music CD
Javier René Solis
© luzyverdad entertainment 2013
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Tourism and vacations
Classified in: Business
Subjects: CXP, MAT
Dixie Brands finalizes entry into the rapidly growing Oklahoma market
Oklahoma is one of the country's fastest growing legal cannabis markets with 1,700 approved dispensary licenses serving over 200,000 registered patients as of October 1, 2019 (source: The Oklahoman)
Second new U.S. state Dixie has entered in 2019, expanding its footprint to six states
Licensed partner will manufacture and distribute legally approved products from Dixie's portfolio of more than 100 cannabis-infused products spanning 15 categories
The agreement is expected to be generating revenue via products on shelf as soon as January 2020
DENVER, CO, Nov. 19, 2019 /CNW/ - Dixie Brands Inc. ("Dixie" or "the Company") (CSE: DIXI.U), (OTCQX: DXBRF), (Frankfurt: 0QV), one of the cannabis industry's leading consumer packaged goods ("CPG") companies, today confirmed that it is entering the Oklahoma medical marijuana market through a manufacturing and licensing agreement expected to see product in market in January 2020.
Pursuant to the agreement, Dixie will work in conjunction with its licensed manufacturing partner, who has requested to remain confidential at this time, to use Dixie's intellectual property and proprietary formulations, proven 'GMP' (good manufacturing practices), quality control procedures and associated trademarks in the state of Oklahoma. Initial products will include Dixie's award-winning gummies, mints, topicals and the flagship elixirs.
The decision to enter the Oklahoma market with an established manufacturer as opposed to Globus Holdings, Dixie's original licensee, was a difficult one due to the positive working relationship developed between the two companies. Ultimately however, the decision was made based on a combination of a broader distribution opportunity and an ability to bring products to market more quickly.
"We are excited to enter into this agreement with such a well-established partner to introduce Dixie products to Oklahoma " said Chuck Smith, President and CEO, Dixie Brands. "The state has embraced legal cannabis over the past year, and we have high expectations for our comprehensive portfolio of award-winning products within such an established distribution network offering real speed to market".
Oklahoma legalized medical cannabis in October 2018 and has proceeded to quickly and efficiently license medical marijuana patients and industry participants. According to the Oklahoman, the state has approved more than 200,000 patients, and according to the Oklahoma Medical Marijuana Authority, nearly 1,700 dispensaries.
Following the Oklahoma launch, Dixie will operate in six U.S. states, compared to four states at the end of 2018.
ABOUT DIXIE BRANDS, INC
Dixie Brands Inc. is leading the CPG cannabis industry by championing freedom of choice for consumers around the world. Through its licensed partners, Dixie has been perfecting the art and science of creating award-winning THC and CBD-infused products for nearly a decade. A true multi-state operator currently in California, Colorado, Maryland, Michigan and Nevada, Dixie is set to expand internationally, including Canada and Latin America. Dixie's relentless commitment to product innovation from fun to functional has earned the brand a place as one of the industry's most recognized consumer brands. Dixie's portfolio features over 100 products across more than 15 different product categories representing the industry's finest edibles, beverages, tinctures, topicals and connoisseur grade extractions, as well as world-class CBD-infused wellness products and pet supplements. To find out more about Dixie's innovative products, visit www.dixiebrands.com.
SOURCE Dixie Brands, Inc.
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Florida will offer free PrEP to all gay & bi men by the end of 2018
They've already started giving it away in some counties. Here's how to get yours.
By Bil Browning Thursday, January 11, 2018
Dr. Lisa Sterman holds up a Truvada pill, an HIV treatment pill used to prevent infection in people at high risk of getting the AIDS virus.Photo: Jeff Chiu, AP
After a mandate from the state’s surgeon general, Florida will offer free Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) to all residents by the end of 2018. The drug, sold under the brand name Truvada, is almost 100% effective at preventing HIV infection if taken properly.
The program started late last year. Sixteen out of 67 counties are currently on board.
“Ensuring PrEP to those at highest risk for HIV infection, regardless of their ability to pay, is one of the four key components of the agency’s plan to eliminate HIV transmission and reduce HIV-related deaths,” Mara Gambineri, a spokesperson for the agency said.
The drug is available at local health department offices and various medical centers around the state. The Florida Department of Health has an interactive map on their website that shows you where locals can access the medication in their area.
Florida residents will need to fill out a form to receive the medication. Similar programs are available nationwide to help pay the cost of the drug.
Florida, Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP), Truvada
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The U.K. is on track to end HIV transmissions by 2030. But several barriers stand in the way of the U.S. replicating their success.
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The far-right thinks Burger King’s Impossible Whoppers will literally turn men into women
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41% of gay and lesbian teens have tried tobacco products. The rate is even higher for trans kids. That’s dramatically higher than straight teens.
Overwhelming evidence found that discrimination hurts LGBTQ people’s health
The meta-analysis found that 95% of studies on the subject found a link between anti-LGBTQ discrimination and health outcomes.
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13 Websites to Find People on the Internet
Christian Cawley December 10, 2019 Updated December 10, 2019 10-12-2019 8 minutes
In an era of booming social networks, it’s easier to find lost friends and colleagues than it ever was before.
The private world of yesterday is now an online world. Everyone with a search engine has open access to social networks, government databases, and public records.
If you’re looking for a long-lost friend, or maybe want to do a background check on someone, consider the following free resources to find people on the internet.
How to Search People for Free on the Internet
The internet is essentially a giant database, overflowing with data points about individuals. Today, it’s hard to find anyone who hasn’t commented on a blog entry, made a post in an online forum, or registered at Facebook or Flickr.
Different sites use this information in different ways. While the following 13 sites can be used to find people online, they may draw the data from different sources. As a result, there may be some difference between the results.
Before starting, learn a few details about the person. Start with their birthday or the state they live in. Once you have those details, the volume of information you can find online about a person is amazing. In fact, it can sometimes prove overwhelming.
When searching for people online, be sure to use multiple people search engines for the best results.
1. Pipl People Search
There are many websites that search standard social networks like Facebook or Twitter. But Pipl is one resource that conducts a deep web search for the name on “non-typical sites”. The search results from Pipl are impressive.
I used Pipl to perform a deep search on myself. The search pulled my own data from profiles at Soundcloud, Last.fm, and others like job search websites and Google.
I was impressed by Pipl’s efforts to uncover street addresses, phone numbers, and even family members, scraped from miscellaneous websites.
To use Pipl, however, you will have to sign up. This is a little frustrating, but worth it as the results are good. I even did a search for my wife, who works as a local government councilor, and Pipl revealed a document she was mentioned in. Impressive!
2. Google Groups
Probably the most powerful tool to find someone who used the internet a long time ago is Google Groups. Google Groups has incorporated over 800 million Usenet messages into its database, an impressive archive of internet conversations dating back to 1981.
For example, if the person you’re looking for attended university during this time, you might find a trace of them. Usenet channels were a popular way for people to access the internet before its explosion in the late 1990s. Universities, research centers, tech businesses, and other bodies relied on Usenet for collaboration and more.
Not only you might find who you’re looking for, but you’ll also get an idea about their thoughts, ideas, and motivations of the time.
3. TruePeopleSearch
A “100% free people search” service, TruePeopleSearch.com delivers some good results.
But it depends on where you’re based.
For US readers, this is a great tool, and by simply searching for a name and state of residence, you’ll find surprisingly in-depth results.
You should also get some good results for Canadian residents, too. TruePeopleSearch will typically return a list of previous addresses, along with phone numbers.
Look out too for the “Possible Associates” section. Useful to law enforcement and private eyes, this displays names of past college roommates, colleagues, and more. No doubt scraped from public Facebook information Watch Out! All Public Facebook Posts Are Now Fully Searchable Watch Out! All Public Facebook Posts Are Now Fully Searchable Facebook have now announced that all public posts will now be fully searchable, using their cool new Graph Search Engine. Read More , this is useful information.
4. FindPeopleSearch
Like TruePeopleSearch, FindPeopleSearch.com generates basic background check “teaser” information. Still, that information can be extremely helpful when you’re trying to learn more about someone. What this website brings to the game is that it offers more extensive information than others.
However, again like TruePeopleSearch, this site doesn’t offer results from outside of North America. What it does, though, it does well. For example, after selecting a likely candidate, FindPeopleSearch provides a map with the likely location of your quarry.
Family information might also be listed here, depending on what data has been collated for the individual. You could find an important familial link here, such as a brother, sister, or even an aunt, uncle, or cousin.
5. PeekYou
While most people search engines scour public information and not much else, PeekYou.com goes the extra mile to dig into popular social sites like Pinterest, LinkedIn, Instagram and more.
The results are always impressive, although they can be somewhat garbled. For example, a search for my own records mixed up details about me with those of others with similar names.
Also, PeekYou gave me a new middle initial, which was certainly surprising!
As with all these sites, keep in mind that the data collected might be inaccurate. This could be due to mistakes in the source data, or errors when names are matched.
6. Classmates
Sometimes tracking someone down requires a little bit more creativity than just typing a name into a search engine. Another approach is to rummage through popular high school reunion website Classmates.com.
Obviously, you will need to have some idea of the high school(s) the person attended. If successful, you’ll find a listing of people who’ve registered on the site with the same high school on record.
Start off by selecting a school by state and city, then enter the name of the student to search for. Many people are registered on the site, so you should stand a good chance of finding who you’re looking for.
Note that this is a US-only website.
7. FamilyTreeNow
Various genealogy sites can be used to trace individuals, although the process is a little different.
When it comes to genealogical records, information might be restricted for people who are still living. This will depend on data privacy laws and the policy of the genealogy site. As such, while it might be useful to establish familial links with whomever you’re searching, the information will be scant.
The results page will display address information and possible relatives, while paid background information can also be generated via PeopleFinders.
FamilyTreeNow is a good option for genealogy research. Interested in family history? Check our downloadable guide on how to research your family tree online Research Your Family Tree Online Research Your Family Tree Online Various specialist software tools are available to help you to map your family tree and there are websites available that can help you out with everything from census results to finding graves. Read More .
8. TinEye
Want to track someone down and you only have a photo of them? Use a reverse image search tool like TinEye.com. This site will turn the entire internet inside out for that same picture, and it’ll show you if it was uploaded anywhere else.
The site uses an innovative image recognition technology that can match images based on the one you upload to the site. It’s an impressive technology and it worked the first time I tried it, immediately identifying that I had uploaded that same picture to MakeUseOf. And, it even recognized the picture when only part of the image matched the original. Very impressive stuff.
Another option for reverse image searching is Google Image Search.
Google is also an effective tool to track someone down online. Before trying, keep the following tips in mind.
Enclose the person’s full name in quotes (like “David Lee Roth”). Google will return only search results with the person’s full name.
Include more information that you already know about the person (like “Sammy Hagar” ex-Van Halen singer). Your search results will be even more precise.
If the person is involved with a certain organization, try searching only that site (like “site: extreme-band.com “Gary Cherone”). If the person is listed as a staff or contact on the site, you’ll discover their details
These tips work well—give them a try!
In fact, searching for people with Google works so well that people search sites that existed years ago have closed. Who needs those when Google already does it best?
10. Find Public Records With Zaba Search
If you’re conducting a full background check on someone, then you’re probably interested in more than their online activities. You’re probably looking for any of the following information:
Residences over the last few years
Birthday and birth location (for citizenship verification)
Child predator check
A person with a criminal record or court ruling has a surprising amount of information about them online. All you need is the name and DOB of the person you’re researching; the location will help narrow things down.
One of the best sites for conducting free public records queries. Using ZabaSearch, you can determine a person’s exact past and current addresses and phone numbers.
To view a full profile will require you to pay $50 through Intelius, however. This includes past addresses, relatives, criminal history, bankruptcies, and more.
11. USA.gov
This provides a huge database for all state and federal agencies. Most services where you need to pay for background details come from these free state and federal agency databases. You can find the data for free by searching this website to find those agencies and conduct the search yourself.
For example, digging through the state of Maine agencies reveals where you can search Maine criminal records.
One of the simplest ways to find people is just to search on Facebook. It’s amazing who turns up when you search for a name in Facebook.
Other social networks can also prove useful in finding people. For example, many people avoid Facebook and are active on Twitter, or even Instagram.
Meanwhile, LinkedIn is a superb resource for finding people. A career-centered alternative to Facebook, there’s a good chance you’ll find people that you can’t find anywhere else.
If you know where the person you’re searching for has worked or studied, LinkedIn is a great option. While you won’t find too many details without a LinkedIn subscription, there should be enough to go on.
You’ll be able to find out what they’ve recently been up to professionally, as well as who they’re associated with.
13 Great People Search Engines to Find People Online
By now you should have all the tools you need to find people online, dead or alive. We’ve shown you how to use the following people search sites for free public records:
Pipl
TruePeopleSearch
FindPeopleSearch
PeekYou
FamilyTreeNow
Zaba
Use these tools to track down the person or people you’re looking for and you should have success in no time. But what if someone is trying to track you down? Here’s how to check who is looking for you online 5 Ways to Check Who Is Tracking You Online 5 Ways to Check Who Is Tracking You Online Want to see who is tracking you online? These websites and browser extensions will show you just how much Google, Facebook, and other ad networks are tracking your activity. Read More .
Explore more about: Search Tricks, Web Search.
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Stuart Bowland
This is a blog for Toronto or least Canada but most of the search engines only work on the States
Please pay attention to your audience.
dragonmouth
And we wonder why we have no privacy.
A non-USA based people search engine?
Onion engines to find data, included any (mean what a private detective could find) but online ?
Frendlee
Everyone should search for their own name from time to time because you never know what you might find. For instance I discovered that I had 4 previous addresses where I have never lived, visited or even knew of. One was in a different state (US) and I have never lived in any other state my entire life.
I also discovered 5 phone numbers that I did not recognize, 3 of which were active. So I felt a bit concerned and so I decided to look into the matter. I was surprised, or maybe I was in a bit of shock, however I found out that I was a victim of identity theft. Now I am going through the whole stolen identity recovery process (understated).
I hope my comment might help other identity theft victims to make the discovery and report them to the proper officials, so they too can once again just be themselves.
I have found that VK.com, Yandex.com and mail.ru is very good places to find pictures and information of people, if you get no result at Google and Bing, and are in online dating. :-9
Dennis Nilsson
Most of the metioned websites is usually for people living in United States. If you are living in other country you usually don't find anything.
There are 2 that did not make the list...
1) truepeoplesearch.com
2) PhoneSearch.us
True is there #3
Christian Cawley 1305 articles
Christian Cawley is Deputy Editor for Security, Linux, DIY, Programming, and Tech Explained. He also produces The Really Useful Podcast and has extensive experience in desktop and software support. A contributor to Linux Format magazine, Christian is a Raspberry Pi tinkerer, Lego lover and retro gaming fan.
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Manchester City face Man United at Old Trafford on Tuesday night and Pep Guardiola has paid a glowing tribute to the home team ahead of the Carabao Cup semi-final.
Tyrone MarshallSenior Football Writer
Manchester City were beaten by United at the Etihad last month
Pep Guardiola knows all about the threat Manchester United pose on the counter attack after City's derby defeat at the Etihad last month, but he doesn't plan on radically altering his tactics for the Carabao Cup semi-final between the two teams.
Guardiola expects a slightly different game in the first leg at Old Trafford on Tuesday than the Premier League fixture a month ago, when United proved devastating on the break in recording a 2-1 victory.
On that occasion United scored twice in the first half hour - and could easily have had more in that period - before City exerted some control and halved the deficit late on through Nicolas Otamendi's header.
Guardiola has hailed United as one of the best sides in Europe when their front three is giving room to run into, with Anthony Martial, Marcus Rashford and Daniel James doing the damage at the Etihad. They were ably supported on that occasion by Jesse Lingard, while Mason Greenwood is a threat from the bench.
Guardiola expects two games that will be "quite similar" to the fixture at the Etihad, but does fear United's threat on the break.
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"Of course in Old Trafford it will be quite different to here but it is a team that is built to run," he said.
"When they can run it is one of the best teams not just in England, I would say, because of the pace they have, James or Greenwood right now and Martial, Rashford and Lingard.
"I saw the line-up they make before the game against Wolves and they make a lot of changes so I guess they will be focused but they are two games, we have to go there to try and take a good result to the second leg here with our people, our fans to reach three years in a row the final of the competition."
The way City were exposed by United on the break had many fearing a similar outcome when Leicester City visited the Etihad the weekend before Christmas.
Man City goal hero Taylor Harwood-Bellis makes Manchester United vow
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But that day the Blues were much better and while Jamie Vardy did give the Foxes the lead, City were dominant throughout and hit back to win 3-1.
Guardiola hopes his side will reduce the mistakes they made in the league encounter against United, while enjoying the dominance they had in the final hour of that game.
"I have the feeling they are going to run, one or two or three or as many times as possible and we have to reduce the mistakes in the build-up, be prepared for that," he said.
"But we have to do our game so I am not going to prepare our game just thinking don’t let them run so we have to go there, try to score a goal, we play our game and try to get a good result from there.
"I would like to play in Old Trafford most of the park except the first minutes we concede three or four times they could run, the rest of the game I like a lot the game we played the chances we create in many situations so I would like to play quite similar but we don’t have much too time but we have two days and a half to train and prepare the game we want to do after we have a bit of a break, five days to the next games."
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Home / Technology / V11: A Fusion of Art and Technology
V11: A Fusion of Art and Technology
October 06, 2018 - Technology
Gone are the days of bulky and monochromatic mobile phones. Compact and sleek phones are now considered the norm, thanks to smartphone brands that design products with the consumers’ need in mind. Aside from a smartphone’s key functions, its appearance attracts customers since they are more mindful of trends and it’s also an avenue to fully express their artistic preferences. Thus, Vivo fused art and technology together in their latest flagship phone through their two trendsetting fusion color selections.
Deep in the night, billions of stars cast luminous, mystifying lights across the sky. This is where V11 drew the inspiration for their new trend-setting fusion color – Starry Night. The mysterious black and striking blue blend together perfectly, invoking the far-flung corners of the universe and exuding premium quality and style. The color selection represents one’s hopes and dreams, an affirmation that anything is within reach. This design is reminiscent of Dutch artist Vincent van Gogh’s painting: the “Starry Night Over the Rhone”, as it integrates the night sky, the stars, and the glistening blue water. It conveys that the stars will always guide you home.
The mysterious black and striking blue of the Vivo V11’s Starry Night fusion color invoke the far-flung corners of the universe.
The luminescence of glistening stars in distant galaxies make up nebula’s elegant blue and purple hues. V11 has recreated the ethereal beauty on Nebula, putting the wonders of the universe in the palm of your hand. It signifies the sense of adventure and discovery, a yearning for something magical and more. It embodies the celestial tone of the award-winning science fiction film, “Gravity” by Mexican filmmaker Alfonso Cuaron. Its riveting galactic appeal pulls you to the infinite abyss of everlasting possibilities.
The stunning blue and purple hues of the Vivo V11’s Nebula fusion color recreate the radiance of distant galaxies.
The illuminated color selections of V11 are accompanied by a 6.41-inch Super AMOLED display and Halo Notch Fullview™ Display for clarity and uninterrupted viewing experience. While the 3D curved body and ultra-thin 1.76mm side bezels provide maximum grip and comfort.
Do you want the universe in the palm of your hands through this state-of-the-art smartphone? You can pre-order the Vivo V11 in two ways: On ground and online. It is available in all participating Vivo concept and multi-brand stores. It will come with exciting freebies—a gift set (bluetooth speaker and earpiece with selfie stick), as well as 6 months extended warranty. Fans may also pre-order the Vivo V11 on shopping websites such as Lazada, Shopee, Argomall, and Akulaku. Freebies such 10,000 mAh game power bank, a gift set (bluetooth speaker and earpiece with selfie stick), as well as 6 months extended warranty will be included. #
About Vivo
A global smartphone brand focused on introducing perfect sound quality and ultimate photography with cutting-edge technology, Vivo develops innovative and stylish products for young people. We now have over two hundred million users and are one of the preferred brands of young people around the world. As an Official Sponsor of the FIFA World Cup™, Vivo believes in the importance of encouraging young people to embrace self-expression and an energetic lifestyle. In the Philippines, Vivo is the top 3 smartphone brand in terms of market share with 1.5 million users nationwide.
For inquiries about Vivo, visit the Vivo website at vivoglobal.ph or check out their Facebook (https://www.facebook.com/vivophil), Instagram (https://www.instagram.com/vivo_philippines/), and Twitter (https://twitter.com/vivo_phil) accounts.
V11: A Fusion of Art and Technology Reviewed by Mᴇɢᴀᴘʜᴏɴᴇ Pʜɪʟɪᴘᴘɪɴᴇs on October 06, 2018 Rating: 5
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Sudbury couple adopts three brothers to keep the group together
Zane Razzaq Daily News staff @zanerazz
Nov 29, 2019 at 1:42 PM Nov 30, 2019 at 10:04 AM
"That core belief of keeping those siblings together, and just one more piece of that puzzle, seemed to fit for us," said KC Currie.
SUDBURY – When they first saw the boy with the big, wide brown eyes and Batman pajamas, Lena and KC Currie felt an instant connection.
The couple were interested in adopting and were at an adoption event when they saw a photo of Joey, then 18 months old. At the time, he had been staying in a loving foster home.
"It put a face to what was an unknown," said Lena Currie. "'Can we handle a child? What's that child going to look like, what's he going to act like?' Seeing that photo, all of a sudden it didn't matter - this was our child."
Joey, who turns 4 in January, began to stay with the couple for a few weeks, before they officially adopted him in March 2018.
Then KC and Lena learned his biological brother, Noah, was placed into foster care at about 6 weeks old. They added him to the family so the brothers could grow up together.
Meanwhile Logan, the middle child, was with another foster family who planned to adopt. But when that fell through, the Curries got a call asking whether they would take Logan, too.
On Nov. 22, they officially "completed the set," said Lena Currie, with an adoption ceremony at the Worcester courthouse during the Massachusetts Trial Court's National Adoption Day event.
On a recent weekday afternoon, the Curries' front yard was bursting with life and laughter, as all three boys were playing outside. Joey zig-zagged up and down the driveway on a tricycle, while Logan, 2, grasped a soccer ball. Lena and KC Currie took turns holding Noah, 1.
Lena Currie said keeping the group together has "painted their picture moving forward."
"They deserve this childhood together. Right now, they already rely on each other so much and they're so little," she said. "We can already see when they're in middle and high school, they'll probably be each other's best friends because they're so close together in age."
In Massachusetts, about 2,800 children are in foster care, many of whom are waiting for permanent families. Veronica Listerud, director of Adoption and Family Services at nonprofit agency Children's Friend, said the rise in children seeking homes is linked to the opioid crisis in Massachusetts.
"But we haven't seen an increase in families," said Listerud. "We're really in dire need for families, especially families interested in sibling groups."
Children's Friend, an affiliate of Seven Hills Foundation, connected the family. The nonprofit also allowed the couple to take an educational training course on the aspects of adoption.
Advocates encourage families to adopt siblings, said Listerud, saying it gives them someone to lean on.
"The best predictor for kids is a stable loving home... given how young they are, the intervention came at a great time for these kids," said Listerud. "KC and Lena are open and willing to do whatever they can do to meet the needs of these kids."
The couple had not set out to adopt three little boys under age 3, said Lena Currie, saying it was instead "a lot of little steps and decisions" that resulted in the new family.
"They gravitate toward each other in new situations," she said. "They are each other's comfort."
Zane Razzaq writes about education and immigration. Reach her at 508-626-3919 or zrazzaq@wickedlocal.com. Follow her on Twitter @zanerazz.
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Honiton stairlift scheme could restore people's independence
Callum Lawton
Stairlift. Picture: Getty Images
More than £1,000 in funding has been secured by a charity to enable people to access the upstairs of their homes via a stairlift.
TRIP Community Transport, in New Street, will allocate £1,800 towards buying a stairlift for three people in Honiton.
Sharon Thorne, deputy manager at TRIP, said: "We are aware that grant funding often excludes some people.
"This means that they might have to stay in hospital for longer or are unable to access part of their homes.
"These stairlifts will give people a better quality of life."
The £1,800, which was raised from beneficiaries of TRIP, is only enough to afford three stairlifts.
The chosen people to benefit from the apparatus will be selected by TRIP based on need.
Mrs Thorne said if there is a good response to the pilot scheme, there could potential to establish it as an ongoing project if funding is secured.
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Santa Clara County sees high juvenile…
Santa Clara County sees high juvenile misdemeanor arrest rate
Santa Clara County has some of the highest juvenile misdemeanor arrest rates in California, a revelation that has a panel of justice officials and youth advocates working to understand — and overcome — the dismaying statistic.
By Karen de Sá | Bay Area News Group, Mercury News
PUBLISHED: April 14, 2009 at 12:19 pm | UPDATED: August 14, 2016 at 1:09 am
Santa Clara County authorities arrest a higher proportion of juveniles for misdemeanor crimes than almost anywhere else in California, a revelation that has a panel of justice officials and youth advocates scrambling to understand — and overcome — the dismaying statistic.
The most recent figures from the California Attorney General’s Office show the county ranks third-highest in the arrest rate for such low-level offenses as bringing booze to school, spray-painting graffiti and getting into fistfights. The misdemeanor arrests fall heavily on Latino youth, who comprise 62 percent of all juvenile arrests here but make up only about 36 percent of the population under age 18.
The statistics arrive as the county’s largest law enforcement agency — the San Jose Police Department — is already facing intense scrutiny for its handling of “discretionary” crimes by adults, including public drunkenness, disturbing the peace and resisting arrest. A Mercury News investigation has revealed that in all three categories, San Jose’s arrests far surpass the rest of the state and impact Latinos disproportionately.
So-called discretionary crimes give police wide latitude in deciding how to handle offenders. In the case of juveniles accused of relatively minor misbehaviors, an officer has the option of arresting the youth or finding alternative solutions with parents, counselors or education programs that emphasize accountability.
“Are we criminalizing behavior that in other communities might be OK?” said Dana Bunnett, executive director of the advocacy group Kids in Common. “When kids get into the system, it is really hard to pull them back out and help them become successful adults.”
News of the high number of juvenile misdemeanor arrests met much consternation this month at a countywide juvenile justice meeting, especially amid questions about San Jose’s rate of Latino arrests for crimes that may not be clear-cut. Probation officials estimate that San Jose police make approximately two-thirds of the juvenile arrests.
Through a spokesman, San Jose Police Chief Rob Davis said his department “is concerned with any statistics showing increased rates of misdemeanor juvenile arrests.” He noted that police have worked for years as part of a countywide effort to reform the juvenile justice system by decreasing reliance on lockups and correcting the overrepresentation of kids of color.
But Davis acknowledged there is more work to be done to reduce arrests and added, “We firmly believe other alternatives are more effective in helping these youth.”
In juvenile justice circles, speculation remains that both the San Jose police, and possibly school officials, may be driving the county’s high arrest rates.
The juvenile misdemeanor arrest rate in Santa Clara County — 3,977 per 100,000 youth, compared to a statewide average of 2,911 — is rivaled by only Fresno and San Bernardino counties. The county’s rate is more than double that of crime-worn Alameda County and almost twice the rate in Los Angeles County.
Probation Chief Sheila Mitchell has raised concerns for months at meetings of top county justice officials about the high misdemeanor arrest rates, particularly since felony arrest rates for juveniles are comparable with other large counties.
Deputy Public Defender Andrea Flint, supervisor of the juvenile division, said while the common perception is that charging misdemeanors dissuades youth from going on to commit felonies, the new numbers undercut such assumptions. “If citing kids early is supposed to be a preventive measure,” she added, “why are we so in line with other counties on the felony data, and yet so high on the misdemeanor numbers?”
A group of county officials is now studying that precise question and will report back to the county’s Juvenile Justice Systems Collaborative in the coming weeks.
Bob Nuñez, superintendent of San Jose’s East Side Union High School District, is also seeking a school-district attack on the problem. He said the data prompted him last week to launch a committee that will include Chief Mitchell and presiding Juvenile Judge Patrick Tondreau. Nuñez said the committee will focus on supporting district students who are at risk of expulsion and most likely to be “caught up in these misdemeanor arrests.”
One San Jose boy, now 13, began his journey into the justice system last year as a foster youth, angry and frustrated after spending six years in group homes, missing his mom and little brother. The boy — whom the Mercury News is not identifying in keeping with newspaper policies that protect juveniles — received his first misdemeanor charges for minor acts, his parents said, things like writing on his desk at school and damaging a coffee table in a group home.
The arrests “turned him against the system,” his mother said. “Now it’s hard to make him respect any kind of authority figure.”
The boy’s stepfather, who was arrested on misdemeanor charges himself at age 14, spent 10 years in and out of jail for criminal behavior he says he learned as an impressionable kid in a juvenile hall with far more sophisticated offenders. Now, he says, his stepson is “at that same crossroads.”
Probation officer Mark Murray said he has seen San Jose police overuse their misdemeanor arrest authority, often at the urging of school officials.
Mutual combat fights, cursing at a teacher or drinking on campus are legitimate problems, Murray acknowledged. But “whether it needs to be handled by the criminal justice system is the issue in question.”
Contact Karen de Sá at kdesa@mercurynews.com or 408-920-5781.
Karen de Sá
Warriors mailbag: D’Angelo Russell trolling and NBA Draft targets
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Trinity Site
Val Fitch's Interview
Val Fitch: My name is Val Logsdon Fitch. It’s V-A-L L-O-G-S-D-O-N F-I-T-C-H. And the Logsdon is my mother’s maiden name. Where Val comes from, I have no idea. Except it was a favorite name of my mother’s.
Cindy Kelly: Tell us a little bit about your background and how you happened to end up at Los Alamos during the war.
Read more about Val Fitch's Interview
Val Fitch
Val Fitch is a Nobel-Prize-winning physicist who worked on the Manhattan Project at Los Alamos. He was drafted into the Special Engineer Detachment, and remembers George Kistiakowsky getting the SED special exemptions from their military duties so they could work harder on the Project. He was sent to Wendover, UT to observe the dummy bomb tests. He worked on the detonation team for the Trinity test, and recalls witnessing the test. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1980.
Read more about Val Fitch
Julius Tabin's Interview
Michael Lewis: Julius, tell us a little more about some of the personalities at Los Alamos. First, I know that you were very close with Enrico Fermi. Give us a feeling for what he was like as a person.
Read more about Julius Tabin's Interview
Julius Tabin
Julius Tabin was a physcist and a member of Enrico Fermi's team at Los Alamos that developed the world's first atomic bomb during World War II.
Tabin, working alongside fellow physicists Herbert Anderson and Darragh Nagle, carried out experiments under Fermi at Los Alamos. In July 1945, Tabin witnessed the Trinity Test and afterwards went into into the crater left by the blast, riding in a specially modified lead-lined tank to collect surface samples at ground zero.
Read more about Julius Tabin
Raemer Schreiber's Interview (1993)
Raemer Schreiber: Yes, there was at least one [bomb core], and people back here worked furiously taking the plutonium as it arrived and converting it into another core. I don’t know the answer to it. I have heard stories another core was on its way out at the time of the surrender.
Richard Rhodes: Groves decided not to ship it. I’ve seen the document.
Read more about Raemer Schreiber's Interview (1993)
Raemer Schreiber
Raemer E. Schreiber (1910-1998) was an American physicist.
Read more about Raemer Schreiber
General Leslie Groves's Interview - Part 9
[We would like to thank Robert S. Norris, author of the definitive biography of General Leslie R. Groves, Racing for the Bomb: General Leslie R. Groves, the Manhattan Project's Indispensable Man, for taking the time to read over these transcripts for misspellings and other errors.]
Read more about General Leslie Groves's Interview - Part 9
Emilio Segrè's Interview
Richard Rhodes: This will be a tape of an interview with Doctor Segrè. That's E-m-i-l-i-o, S-e-g-r-e at his home in Lafayette, California on the 29th of June 1983.
I have been, for example, through the Oppenheimer Papers, I’ve been through the [Leo] Szilard Papers in La Jolla. All of the books, most of the books have errors of one kind or the other.
Segrè: The Oppenheimer Papers, I have never gone through, but you have seen the letters of Oppenheimer?
Read more about Emilio Segrè's Interview
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Selected edition EN
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Volver a:La Liga
En/football/real-madrid
Mourinho's ugly gesture to Florentino Perez in Santa Clara that may have been forgotten
Real Madrid The pair enjoyed a good relationship at Madrid
José Félix Díaz
Florentino Perez handing Mourinho a clock after winning LaLiga. MARCA
How Florentino Perez revolutionised Real Madrid in previous blank seasons
Berbatov: It would be good to see Mourinho back at Real Madrid
Florentino Perez and Jose Mourinho have always enjoyed an amicable working relationship, but an ugly gesture from the Portuguese coach long after he had left Los Blancos towards the club president may have damaged the bond.
After Mourinho left Madrid by mutual consent in 2013, there was a period of detachment but the two got back on good terms shortly after.
While at Manchester United having just won the Europa League, Mourinho sent a message to Perez ahead of the Champions League final in Cardiff against Juventus which read: "See you in Skopje on 8 August" which was the location and date of the UEFA Super Cup.
However, days before the Super Cup, the two sides faced each other in Santa Clara in a pre-season friendly, the relationship took a slightly bitter twist.
With the possible signing of Gareth Bale looming in the background, witnesses claim that Mourinho flipped his lid at the president.
The gesture did not go down well with the Madrid president or the club's directors and the relationship between the coach and the club appeared to break down.
At that time, as well as interest in Bale on United's part, there was no secret in Madrid's keenness on David de Gea, which could have served as a point of conflict.
Now, a year and a half later, the messages of Mourinho and Los Blancos' need for a drastic turn in fortunes could well see the return of the self-proclaimed 'Special One' to Real Madrid, a thought that seemed preposterous not long ago.
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The Circle Hook Revolution
A shift in gear pays big dividends for billfish survival
By Jan Fogt
Between intense recreational-fishing pressure, big-money tournaments and commercial-longline bycatch, the East Coast white marlin fishery was near collapse in 2000. There was talk of adding white marlin to the endangered species list because less than 20 percent of the spawning biomass was available to sustain the species. Instead of doing that, Atlantic federal marine fisheries councils issued a ruling in 2008 that required the use of circle hooks in tournaments for live or dead natural baits or bait/lure combinations. There still is no rule requiring circle hooks be used outside of Atlantic billfish tournaments — or on the West Coast — but the sentiment for such measures is positive.
In 1998, circle hooks exploded on the American sport-fishing scene with Capt. Ron Hamlin’s declaration that he would use nothing but circle hooks when fishing with bait. The announcement came as he was accepting The Billfish Foundation’s annual release award for the most Pacific sailfish in a single season (546 sails caught on J hooks in 1997). Tired of seeing gut-hooked billfish gushing blood, that night he denounced the J hooks that had brought him so much success. What the spectators did not realize was that Hamlin had experienced a catch-per-unit effort rate of 65 percent or better for circle hooks on sailfish in Guatemala, compared to 50 percent with J hooks. From his perspective, it was a no-brainer that would tremendously benefit the fishery.
Capt. Ron Hamlin, Joan Vernon and Tim Choate each made a substantial case for industrywide circle-hook use, which prompted the rest of the fishing world to follow.Richard Gibson
His employer, Tim Choate, had mandated the use of circle hooks by all five of his Artmarina-owned charter boats even before science had proved that billfish survival rates greatly increase with circle hooks. In his speech that night, Hamlin acknowledged Capt. Peter B. Wright and angler Skip Walton for bringing circle hooks to Guatemala after first using them in the giant bluefin tuna fishery off North Carolina.
A charter captain, and owner of Red Drum Tackle in Hatteras, North Carolina, Capt. Bob Eakes had a lot to do with pioneering the area’s bluefin tuna fishery, bringing in Wright and marine scientists such as Dr. Eric Prince.
Prince, now retired from his post as head of the NOAA Fisheries Service Southeast Fisheries Science Center in Miami says it all began in 1995, approximately two years before they started tagging bluefin tuna with implantable, archival and pop-up satellite tags. “The big question was how to minimize the damage and stress of capture so the tuna would survive the surgical implantation of the oversize tags, which then cost about $4,500, so survival was essential,” he says.
Wright and his mate, Scott Levin, suggested a plan to bring the fish aboard through the tuna door and insert a saltwater washdown hose in the tuna’s mouth to oxygenate the fish, along with using a cloth to cover the eyes and body.
“This helped eliminate stress from handling,” Prince relates. But it was the circle hook that Eakes first suggested that eliminated gut hooking, ensuring the long-term health of the fish. “On our fishing trips, every tuna caught on circle hooks was hooked in the hinge of the jaw. Looking at it with a little biological insight, I could see the benefits not just for endangered bluefin tunas, but also to reduce gut-hooking sailfish.”
“Sailfish caught on J hooks are 21 times more likely to suffer hook-related bleeding — and possible death — than fish caught on circle hooks.”
After expressing those insights to Wright, Prince shared them with Choate, who suggested a fishing trip out of Guatemala, where catch rates exceed 40 sailfish per day, to provide a suitable test. The success of that expedition led to a scientific study by Prince in March and May of 1999.
Dead-bait trolling off Iztapa, Guatemala, showed conclusively that circle hooks produce more fish that are released without evidence of bleeding. Out of 461 sailfish bites, they hooked 360. Using an equal number of J hooks and circle hooks, 125 were caught and released on J hooks versus 235 on circle hooks. Out of those 235 releases, only 14 sailfish showed any signs of bleeding, six of which were deemed severe. Of the J-hook-caught fish, 71 had bleeding, 32 of which were deemed severe. The conclusion? Sailfish caught on J hooks are 21 times more likely to suffer hook-related bleeding — and possible death — than fish caught on circle hooks. Furthermore, circle hooks had a higher hookup percentage. Follow-up studies all came to the same conclusion: Significant conservation benefits can be realized in dead- and live-bait fisheries for billfish and tuna by simply changing the terminal tackle from J hooks to circle hooks.
“The simplicity [of one change] really touched a chord,” Prince says.
Sailfish caught on circle hooks benefit both angler and fish with higher hook-up ratios and lower mortality ratesBubba Naquin
Central America Leads the Way
Like a messiah spreading the gospel, Hamlin broadcast the success of circle hooks to every influential angler he knew. In Joan Vernon, he found a disciple. Since the year 2000, she has personally caught more than 2,200 billfish — all on circle hooks.
“Hamlin explained he had a new hook he wanted me to try,” she recalls. “At first, I was a little skeptical about using circle hooks with the 8- and 12-pound-test tackle I used for sailfish, but I had no trouble hooking them. Every fish was hooked right where Hamlin predicted: in the hinge of the jaw. I was convinced, but getting everyone else on board would be a challenge.”
Vernon is also the executive director of the Presidential Challenge of Central America tournament series. Founded in 1996, the tournaments were originally held in Panama, Costa Rica, Venezuela and Guatemala (now also in Aruba for the past decade). They are fun events, but at their core they are meant to ensure the continued abundance of healthy billfish populations throughout Central America and the Caribbean through research and education. At the 1998 Sport Fishing Economic Conference of Central America — held for scientists, resort and charter operators and politicians — she floated the idea of circle hooks as a tool in reducing billfish mortality.
Putting her money where her mouth is, Vernon announced the 1999 Presidential Challenge series would become the world’s first all-circle hook release tournament.
“I had no idea if the anglers would go for it, but there was no opposition,” she says. A few years later, Costa Rica and Guatemala declared circle hooks mandatory for recreational billfish caught in their territorial waters.
“By 2005, virtually every tournament in Central America had gone to circle hooks,” she adds. “And in countries with no recreational circle-hook laws, they were mandated by the local resorts and lodges in these fishing destinations.”
Vernon also helped found the Yamaha Contender Miami Sportfish Tournament — previously known as the Miami Billfish Tournament — and was its executive director in 1982.
“The whole premise was to raise funds for conservation and education, but committee members were afraid of losing participation if we went to circle hooks,” explains longtime tournament committee member Capt. Bouncer Smith. Despite Prince’s convincing research that circle hooks produced better hookup rates while substantially reducing mortality, the others on the board were resistant. “Finally it was suggested we ease into circle hooks by creating a separate division.
Vernon refused. “‘It’s a complete rule change, or nothing,’ she said at the time, making it the first tournament in the United States to require the use of circle hooks,” Smith relates.
In just 10 years, a small change in terminal tackle has made a significant difference in billfish survival rates around the world. The design also produces higher catch rates for most species.©️Scott Kerrigan/www.aquapaparazzi.com
Bridling and Larger Hooks
Smith first joined the circle-hook revolution after hearing an impassioned talk by Hamlin and Choate at the Miami Rod and Reel Club in 1998. Experimenting first with 5/0 Eagle Claw circle hooks that matched the size of the J hooks he used for sailfishing, he was discouraged.
“I lost two sailfish in a row on them, so I went back to my J hooks,” Smith says. “Months later, I caught a white marlin on a J hook that bled to death. It was then I recalled Hamlin’s speech at the fishing club. So, I upgraded the size of the circle hooks to a wide-gap 7/0 and gave them another try. I started having immediate success. Larger-size hooks were the answer.”
Twenty years later he’s still having success, having gone from using 7/0 Eagle Claws to 6/0 VMC circle hooks for sailfish and other species.
“I’ve found the more exposed the hook is, the better the hookup percentage,” adds Smith, who primarily fishes bridled baits with non-offset circle hooks. Another refinement is using slightly rounder rubber bands when rigging his baits. “They solved the problems I was having with common rubber hair bands that cut into the baits.”
Capt. Bobby Brown first used circle hooks for pitching baits to marlin well before it became the norm. In 1996, he was working for Fonda and Wayne Huizenga of Fort Lauderdale, Florida, teaching them the pitch-bait technique with a favorite blue marlin bait — fresh squid — when he encountered a problem. "The squid was wrapping around the J hooks, so I decided to try circle hooks. On the first cast we caught a blue marlin," he says.
After a month of marlin success, he tried trolling for sailfish with circle hooks, but the only hooks available at the time were made of heavy wire, and in sizes too large for sailfish. “The fish were coming to the bait and fading away,” he explains. He had all but given up on circle hooks for smaller billfish when Eagle Claw and The Billfish Foundation launched a lighter wire hook that became an instant hit.
Keeping the circle hook a short distance from the bait gives it enough room to find its way to the corner of the fish’s jaw — where it belongs — without obstruction.©️Scott Kerrigan/www.aquapaparazzi.com
In the early 1990s, long-range fishermen out of San Diego began experimenting with circle hooks while chunking for southern bluefin tuna. Using small-diameter fluorocarbon leaders and circle hooks with live sardines, the catch rates skyrocketed. Not only were the hooks stronger for their size, the bait swam more naturally. By using circle hooks that tend to lodge in the hinge of the jaw, they also solved the problems they’d had with fish chafing the light leaders.
Since then, circle hooks have become standard equipment, says well-known Southern California angler Ben Secrest. “Circle hooks are like a mousetrap for bluefins; once they latch on, they don’t come off,” he reports. These days, he fishes skipping Yummee flying fish and bridled natural baits with Owner 11/0 circle hooks — straight from the rigger or from a kite stabilized with a helium balloon. “I have had the best results with larger-size hooks, and my hookup ratio is running 20 percent better with circle hooks.”
The Ringer Swivel makes changing baits easier as well as allowing the hook to rotate freely.ringer swivel bait
Rigging Techniques Vary
Capt. Kyle Francis of Jensen Beach, Florida, has been fishing circle hooks since he was 15 and has complete confidence in them. Francis — who regularly works the Costa Rica, Florida and Bahamas billfish circuit — says there have been innovations like the rubber O-ring for ease in bridling the hooks to the bait. He prefers a small barrel swivel though. “The O-rings impede the natural movement of the bait,” he explains.
When rigging combination baits such as a chugger or Ilander, he is more open. “With the Ilander, I position the bait with the hook crimped down tight to the lure. With a chugger-and-bait combination, I use one size larger hook. Instead of a 7/0, I’ll go with an 8/0 or 9/0 and add a swivel connected by copper wire with the bill going up into the chugger. It may be simple but it works great,” he explains.
Creating a streamlined circle-hook rig — with the maneuverability of a barrel swivel and ease of rigging with an O-ring — was the concept behind James Turner’s invention of the Ringer Swivel.
Read Next: How to Capitalize on a Missed Bite
The patent-pending rig came out in May 2018, and is available from many professional tackle shops and catalogs.
“It combines the best features of both,” says Turner, who is also a professional mate. “It’s well-known that ballyhoo attached with barrel swivels produce a better hookup ratio than a fixed hook positioned in an O-ring. Ringer Swivels solve the shortcomings: no more sizing the hooks to the barrel swivels and ease of bait switching. It makes the circle-hook rig more foolproof to use.”
In an interview before his death in 2018, Hamlin recalled all the sailfish he’d caught in his long career: “Sure, we released all our fish caught on J hooks, but in my heart, I knew a lot of them weren’t going to make it because they were gut-hooked,” he said. “Circle hooks stopped that. It’s been a win-win situation ever since. Good for the fishermen who, instead of catching 40 or 50 percent of the fish they hook, are now catching 70 percent or more. But most important, it’s great for the fish, which can now truly live to fight another day.”
Dr. John GravesCourtesy IGFA
By the Numbers: A Case Study
There has been a significant increase in white marlin catch rates off the U.S. Atlantic coast since 2008, when the circle-hook rule went into effect, according to a case study by Dr. John Graves, chancellor professor of marine science at the Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary. That increase is also reflected in catch-and-release rates of white marlin by the U.S. pelagic longline fleet, which switched from J hooks to circle hooks around the same time the release of billfish bycatch was mandated, along with additional gear restrictions.
Like sailfish and giant tuna, white marlin continue to benefit from being caught on circle hooks. Studies by Graves and his associates have found that approximately 65 percent of fish caught and released on J hooks survived after release, and that 35 percent of them die within the first 10 days. Compare that with less than 2 percent mortality by a similar number of fish caught on circle hooks.
Do the math: U.S. white marlin mortality caught by recreational anglers and commercial fisheries using J hooks was trending toward catastrophe before the switch to circle hooks.
“In a typical year, more than 10,000 white marlin are released off the U.S. coast,” Graves says. “At 35 percent mortality with J hooks, there was almost 80 metric tons of cryptic mortality based on the average weight of a white marlin at 50 pounds. That is huge if you consider that throughout their range in the Atlantic Ocean, the current total allowable catch for white marlin is 400 metric tons.” This means there was a lot of extra mortality that scientists weren’t accounting for, and it was happening right off our coast.
Now that J hooks are no longer contributing to white marlin fatalities, the fishery looks to be headed in a positive direction.
“We won’t know for sure what the status of the stock throughout the Atlantic is until the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas does its stock assessment in 2019,” Graves says, “but it would seem that by changing out J hooks for circle hooks in tournaments and by the U.S. commercial-longline fishery, it’s having a beneficial response locally.” He continues to say he believes the increase in tournament catch rates suggest that reducing mortality by using circle hooks has had a major impact, although we can’t count out Mother Nature producing conditions that favor good recruitment.
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www.martinturnermusic.com
A R T I C L E S
a n d I N T E R V I E W S
Danny Willson Interview,
www.wishboneash.co.uk
At what age did you begin playing guitar?
"I must have been around six or seven years old, I think. My parents gave my brother Rick and I plastic guitars with the Fab Four’s faces etched on the front. They had 4 nylon strings and would probably be worth a fortune now. I wonder where they are? Anyway, we kind of taught ourselves to play a few simple chords & tunes, mainly by listening to Pick of the Pops (remember Alan Freeman?) which we’d tape every Sunday on my Dad’s reel-to-reel. There was also Cliff’s Summer Holiday album and some Shadows stuff to point us in the right direction. Sometimes Rick, who was and still is, a little younger than me, would be relegated to playing drums on our Mum’s shopping bags with my Dad’s Watney’s Party Seven beer can as a floor tom and a metal tray as a cymbal! Inevitably this would mean my little toy guitar was barely audible above the clattering and clanging of the bags and cans so I soon received an upgrade…..a 6-string acoustic made of wood! Hurrah!"
What musical training did you have?
"The radio....and brotherly and parental encouragement!"
Early influences?
"Cliff and the Shadows, the Beatles, and other 60’s pop and early 70’s chart stuff. Then one morning in my early teens I woke up with long hair and found I was suddenly into Black Sabbath, Led Zep, Deep Purple, Jeff Beck, Budgie, Genesis, Free, Yes and....Wishbone Ash! Later on I got into Steely Dan, 10cc, It Bites, Jellyfish, XTC (especially the more recent stuff), Crosby, Stills, etc. Of all these though, the biggest influences on my playing style would probably be the Wishbone boys along with Page, Beck & the various Steely Dan guitarists."
Can you give a rundown of your career to date, from your early playing days through to more recent activities.
"Phew! Ok here goes.... After acquiring my first real guitar it was only a matter of time before my bro’ Rick and I started to perform outside the living room. These first gigs would be at family gatherings, with Rick playing the real drumkit he’d had for Christmas. This was a major breakthrough as previously our rehearsals often had to be abandoned due to our Dad pouring a drink from the 'floor tom', or Mum grabbing her shopping bag to nip to the Co-op, leaving Rick snaredrum-less! Then came another milestone. Like Dylan before me I 'turned electric' after being bought my first electric guitar, a Zenta! And a little WEM amp. Soon after, Rick decided he didn’t wanna sit at the back any more, so our parents got him an electric guitar too. So now we needed a drummer……and as luck would have it we had a mate, Glenn, who lived next door. He couldn’t play the drums yet but he was local and his Dad said he would manage us and drive the van! Presto!! The Mycrons were born. Leicester’s youngest pop group, aged 12, 13, and 14 according to our local paper, which printed a picture of us in matching tank-tops! For the next couple of years we played countless gigs, even adding a bass player later on. Then, following a name change to Mirage, we added a bona-fide lead singer, Big Al, and duly applied to go on New Faces. Alas we were cruelly rejected otherwise I would probably be typing this in a cliff-top mansion in Hawaii or some other celeb-infested idyll. Winning the £500 first prize in a local talent contest was Mirage’s finest hour, and this was achieved despite some hideous stage clothes made by Showaddywaddy’s tailor and Rick falling from a scaffold earlier that day! The music was good though, all twin guitars and 4-part harmonies…….."
"It was during the Mirage years that I left school armed with a few O-Levels and landed a nice cushy job in an office. However, eighteen months later came the opportunity I’d been waiting for - the chance to turn 'pro'. Rick, Big Al and I were approached by a well-known Leicester band called Kipper with a view to forming a six-piece. Kipper had been pro for many years with a full diary and gigs all over the country. And a great bunch of lads too! Bye bye office, hello Bedford van! And straight off to Guernsey for a month where Kipper were almost superstars! We were playing a real mix of stuff, ranging from Yes to Boston to 10cc to originals. And we carried a real Hammond organ without any roadies! Bands were populated by real men in those days! Following the departure of keyboardist Little Al and later Big Al, we changed our name to Brooklyn and promptly landed a small record deal. Now a four-piece we toured constantly in our own converted 52-seater coach and amassed a pretty sizeable following, releasing an album and two singles in 1980 which sunk without trace. Never mind, they were fun times indeed. And we sometimes played Jailbait as an encore! And a young man named Keith Buck used to come and watch us!"
"Then came marriage, kids, mortgage, proper job, etc. Rick meanwhile formed Diesel Park West with some other Leicester natives. Great band. Check them out, they should have been HUGE. I, on the other hand, after doing a few summer season gigs, settled into a semi-pro lifestyle, playing the local pubs with my mates Rob and Norris as The Chase. There were some unbelievably crazy people turning up to our gigs in those days and we never knew what would happen next. One memorable night we found our gear covered with raw meat, complete with butcher’s price tags attached! We had a good ten years of this tomfoolery and we still occasionally get together for the odd gig."
"Fast forward to 1995 and, out of the blue, I get the chance to turn pro again. This time its an offer to join Leicester’s most successful pop-rockers Showaddywaddy! And here we are thirteen years later, still doing it. Surely one of the longest-running bands ever, the first of 23 hits was in 1974 and the band has worked non-stop ever since! Still five original members too. Not bad eh? Being in Showaddywaddy has been fab, many incredible gigs ranging from an audience of 25 soldiers at a radar station canteen in the Falklands (we stormed ‘em and had a real session afterwards!) to 35,000 people at Hamburg FC stadium. The icing on the cake though has to be this year’s Sun Album project, where we got to record a bunch of songs from the early days of the Sun Records label, and visited the famous studio in Memphis, along with Graceland. We stayed at the Heartbreak Hotel. On Lonely Street. Really!!! The CD is now in the shops (plug, plug), so go buy it. There’s some not-too-bad guitar playing on there y’know! And blow me, if all that wasn’t exciting enough, I’m now playing all those Ash songs I’ve loved since I had long hair!! Now then, where did I put me Flying V?!"
How aware were you of Wishbone's music prior to joining MTWA?
"Well……..I scrawled the name on my school exercise books, hung theWishbone Four poster on my bedroom wall, learnt loads of the songs, copied all the solos as best I could, went to a gig at De Montfort Hall, played Jailbait live for a couple of years, bought a cap, bought an Ibanez Flying V (still got it!), and an Orange amp (wish I still had it!). Then, after moving to the USA, I waded through a swamp with my shirt off and made a spear out of a branch....pretty aware I would say!!"
You already have several shows with MTWA under your belt. Any thoughts on those shows?
"Yeah, its ALL been great! Material….great! Audience reaction….great! Shows….great! Martin, Ray, Rob…..great! Locking myself away for a week prior to the first show…..erm....grrrrrrreat!!!! First night nerves…..not too bad actually as the audience were great, the lads were great, the material was great etc... Fave show so far? Cambridge Rock Fest. It was great! Ok, no more greats! Seriously, the lads are very easy to play with, superb musicians and easy-going chaps. And, importantly, we have a good laff! Ha! And the audiences and venues are extremely warm and friendly to us which makes it an all-round pleasure. And Mick the soundman is great (oops) too!"
We understand you have added some guitar/vocal parts to the Argus re-recording. How does it feel to be asked to contribute to a new version of one of the all time classic rock albums?
"It’s a fantastic feeling and a real honour to be asked to play and sing on those songs. Who would have thought, when I was learning this stuff all those years ago, that I would be given the opportunity many years later to actually record these classic songs? And with the main man MT to boot! It’s a bit mind blowing really. What did I contribute?"
Can you tell us what you have contributed to the album?
"Hmmm, well I had one whirlwind day in the studio and recorded all sorts of bits and pieces, harmonies etc. It all went by so fast it’s a bit of a blur. Generally, I think my bits will go into the pot along with Keith’s previously recorded bits, leaving Martin with the task of sorting out which bits to use."
Do you have any other current musical projects?
"I don’t know if you’d call them projects but lately I’ve been getting quite a few calls to dep with other bands. Usually a guitarist or keyboard player has to go off and get married or needs to work late or something. That type of thing. I enjoy it too cos its always good to be thrown in at the deep end with new musos, and songs you may have to busk along to. Keeps one on one’s toes! I also still play fairly regularly with my mates in a trio at the local pubs doing our fave covers. Much fun to be had there too! When time allows I like to fire up the PC and do some recording. Got a lot of riffs in storage and a few songs, though I’m definitely no Macca!"
What guitars/amplification/effects will you be using with MTWA?
"My main guitar for the past twenty-odd years has been my 1978 Strat, and although I’ve dabbled with a good few others I always seem to come back to it. It just seems to fit my curves (!) better than anything else, and the Strat’s controls are so perfectly placed, especially the volume knob which falls right under the pinky for violining & swells. Good work, Leo. Having said that, about five years ago I fell in love with the Telecaster and earlier this year I started having an affair with a Gibson ES335. So now I’m really confused. It must be a mid-life-guitar-crisis! So to answer the question….Strat mainly. 335 occasionally (maybe)…….Tele…….I dunno! As for amps, I’m currently using my Fender DeVille. Still searching for the 'perfect amp' though. My old Marshall combo is currently back at the factory being repaired so I’m looking forward to giving it a blast at a gig sometime. It used to sound great. Effects……Crybaby, Blackstar HT Dual (same as Ray), Boss Blues Driver, Boss analogue delay, Boss Digital delay. Might stick a chorus in there, and different overdrive pedals at some point. And I’m trying to pluck up the courage to ask Ray if I can borrow his 'Fabulously Talented Guitarist' pedal. I need it more than him!"
© 2019 Martin Turner. All rights reserved.
Worldwide Management: Martin Darvill, QEDG [e-mail] Tour Liaison: Maria Lundy, QEDG [e-mail]
Concert Bookings and Project Management: Gary Carter, GCA: [e-mail] Website and Fan Enquiries: [e-mail]
Publicity: UK/Europe: Sharon Chevin, The Publicity Connection [e-mail] International PR: Ellie Schwartz [e-mail]
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Food & HealthFood & Health Home & Garden Nature & Ecosystems Science & Researchfood
10 (More!) Eccentric Genetically Modified Fruits & Veggies
bySteve
The food we eat – from corn to cattle – has been domestically modified for thousands of years. Today scientists, agronomists and geneticists are taking the next step: improving our food from the inside out. Though some may resist GM foods and doubt their long-term safety, plans are afoot to expand the roster of fine-tuned fruits & veggies even further. Here are 10 more of the most intriguing GM fruits & vegetables ever to drop off the vine.
Anti-Cancer Purple Tomatoes
(images via: Tomato Casual and The Great Beyond)
Fancy a little flower with your tomatoes? Not flour, flower – as in snapdragons. Researchers found that by injecting genes from snapdragon flowers into normal red tomatoes, the latter produced an increased amount of the pigment anthocyanin. Besides adding deep reddish and bluish tonnes to fruits like cranberries and blackberries, anthocyanin is a potent anti-oxidant that shows promise in inhibiting the growth of cancer cells, easing the symptoms of diabetes and relieving a number of age-related illnesses. Should human trials pan out, you may be seeing healthy purple pizza on the menu some day!
Hypoallergenic Tomatoes
(images via: Like To Cook and University of Szeged)
Allergic to tomatoes? It’s more likely than you think – up to 16 percent of people are sensitive to tomatoes, adding extra complications to life in a world of free-flowing ketchup, tomato sauce and burgers with the works. It’s not tomatoes themselves that are at fault, it’s a small protein called Profilin. By silencing two genes responsible for Profilin production in tomatoes, scientists can create non-allergenic fruit that are otherwise completely normal in taste, texture and appearance.
Healthier Papayas
(images via: Green Daily and ChrisChee18)
Now here’s a fun fact we bet you didn’t know: Half of all commercial papayas grown in the United States have been genetically modified to resist the Papaya Ring Virus. While GM papayas may not be any healthier for you or I, they HAVE saved the American papaya industry, which was nearly wiped out by the onset of this virus in the 1990s. The use of GM papayas does have one noteworthy consequence: genetically modified papayas are not allowed into Japan, the industry’s largest export market. Only non-GM fruit is sold to Japan; the rest is sold domestically.
Golden Rice: Kids Can See The Difference
(images via: Mythgarr, PRI and The Korea Times)
While rice is technically a grain, genetically engineered Golden Rice shares something with its vegetable cousins: a gene that produces Vitamin A, necessary to keep eyes healthy. The precursor to Vitamin A is beta-carotene which is found in yellow and orange vegetables like squash and carrots. It’s estimated that widespread consumption of Golden Rice, which will become available to farmers in 2011, will prevent blindness in as many as 500,000 children.
Yes, We Have No Non-GM Bananas
(images via: ABC News, HubPages and The Makan Club)
There’s a race going on – and if we lose it, we’ll also lose our bananas. Every last one. The culprit is Panama Disease, an incurable fusarium blight that has roared through Asian banana plantations and is poised to strike across the ocean to Latin America. The original export banana, known as “Big Mike”, was wiped out by PD and growers replaced it with the much more resistant Cavendish variety that originated in Vietnam. Now a new variant of Panama Disease has sprung up and the Cavendish looks to be going the way of Big Mike… unless scientists can engineer the fruit to fight the blight. To that end, researchers are looking at genes from an Indonesian wild banana from Indonesia that is resistant to PD To get the genes into commercial bananas, the genes are first implanted in a type of bacteria that is used to infect banana plants.
Fishy Strawberries
(image via: Freaking News)
If you think there’s something fishy about that ripe, juicy strawberry you just bit into, you could be right. Scientists have been experimenting with so-called “anti-freeze genes” found in cold water fish like Sea Flounder and Arctic Char. When implanted into fruits and vegetables like potatoes, tomatoes and strawberries, the gene acts to makes the plant in question more resistant to freezing in bad weather. The strawberries don’t actually taste fishy… though one imagines the flavor would be somewhat like fruit clamato. Yum!
Multivitamin Corn
(images via: Science Planet, 21-Food and Ars Lounge)
Peaches & Cream Corn is familiar to most of us but it’s understood that the corn only looks like fruit & milk; it’s not made from it. Now there’s a new type of corn that does incorporate the genes of foreign plants – not for good taste, but for a good cause. Multivitamin corn: it tastes good and it’s good for you! Scientists from Spain and Germany used genetic engineering techniques to cause South African elite white corn to produce three types of vitamins (Vitamin A, Vitamin C and Folic Acid) within its kernels. Beta Carotene, found naturally in carrots and squash, tints the kernels a curious shade of orange.
Viral Vegetable Marketing
(image via: UC, California Agriculture)
Studies conducted at the University of California have uncovered a novel way of using genetic engineering. In one case, zucchini prone to infection by viral diseases were able to not only survive, but thrive thanks to a gene taken from the offending virus which was implanted into the zucchini plant. The addition of only a single gene from the virus made a huge difference – note the rich, green color of the genetically modified plants above right compared with their unprotected brothers on the left.
Apple Cinnamon Apples?
(image via: WIRED)
Like cinnamon on your apples? How about IN them? That’s what you get with Cinna-Del, a genetically modified apple from agri-giant Monsanto that tastes sweet and cinnamony with every bite. Not to worry though, both the image and the concept of Cinna-Del apples are but a figment of some graphic artist’s imagination… for now.
Frankenfruits: Viral Veggies We’d (Not) Like To See
It seems that when it comes to genetic modification, anything’s possible. The phab photoshoppers over at Freaking News took this particular ball and decided to run with it… some of these crazy combos look rather tasty!
With that last note in mind and knowing the capabilities of genetic researchers, it seems likely we may see genetically modified fruits & veggies even beyond our imaginations. Even though much GM research has gone towards improving the hardiness and nutritive value of our foods, one must recall an old TV margarine commercial in which it is said, “It’s not nice to fool Mother Nature!”
Sustainable Style: 12 Contemporary Green Home DesignsVoracious Vegetation: Massive Meat-Eating Plants Discovered
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Biz Break: Cisco lands S.F.”s OpenDNS in…
Biz Break: Cisco lands S.F.”s OpenDNS in simmering scramble for security acquisitions
By Jeremy C. Owens |
PUBLISHED: June 30, 2015 at 12:00 am | UPDATED: September 13, 2018 at 12:00 am
Today: Cisco makes another move to bolster its security offerings, buying S.F.-based OpenDNS for $635 million as data breaches continue to spur moves in the sector.
The Lead: Cisco buys OpenDNS for $635 million
Cisco Systems added to its burgeoning security offerings Tuesday with a purchase of a cloud-focused San Francisco startup, as large tech players seek to step up offerings meant to protect against data breaches and other online attacks.
The San Jose networking giant agreed to pay $635 million for OpenDNS, along with undisclosed future inducements to keep the company”s employees. OpenDNS is a nine-year-old S.F. security company that claims to help secure 65 million people as they connect on mobile devices, using software delivered online.
“This is a testament to the outstanding team we have assembled, the rapidly scaling business we have created, and the advanced security solutions we have developed,” OpenDNS CEO and founder David Ulevitch wrote in an email to employees Thursday.
The software-as-a-service, or SaaS, model for security is expected to grow as employees continue to connect to corporate networks through mobile devices and remote computers, providing potential entry points for nefarious actions. Cloud software can be updated rapidly to fend off new attack methods, and IDC predicts that 15 percent of security software will be delivered via the cloud by the end of this year, growing to 33 percent by the end of 2018.
“With an estimated 50 billion devices being connected by 2020, enterprise customers will face greater challenges in protecting their ever-expanding networks,” Cisco”s business development chief, Hilton Romanski, wrote in a blog post on the deal Tuesday.
Cisco claims to be the top security provider, thanks to its earlier $2.7 billion acquisition of Sourcefire and related acquisitions such as ThreatGrid. However, outgoing CEO John Chambers said last month that Cisco leads only because the market is so fractured, with the company commanding 7.5 percent of the security market. And Cisco”s lead is perpetually being threatened by a new wave of security companies in Silicon Valley and beyond.
Other large tech companies are also expected to take shots at Cisco”s leadership in the field through acquisitions. Hewlett-Packard, which plans to create a new enterprise-focused company in a corporate split, bought Cupertino”s Voltage Security earlier this year, and FBR Capital Markets analyst Daniel Ives expects that IBM, EMC, Microsoft and other rivals could make similar moves.
“This move is another indicator that Cisco, as well as other tech bellwethers, need to focus on security through M&A given the importance in cyber security in the next generation data center,” Ives said in an email Tuesday. “We expect the larger tech players to show more aggression getting into the security sector, as we saw with Cisco”s acquisition.”
OpenDNS”s more than 300 workers are expected to join Cisco”s security team after the deal closes, which Ulevitch said is expected to occur in six to eight weeks. The OpenDNS CEO disclosed that his firm has averaged revenue growth of more than 20 percent in each of the past ten quarters and is closing $1 million worth of recurring revenue deals annually.
Ulevitch also said that he had denied previous acquisition attempts and expected to say no to Cisco, but decided to sell after being wooed by the San Jose company.
“We didn”t decide to sell OpenDNS. We decided to sell OpenDNS to Cisco,” the CEO wrote. “That”s an important distinction.”
Cisco stock dropped 0.3 percent to $27.46 Tuesday.
Sign up for the 60-Second Business Break newsletter at www.siliconvalley.com. Contact Jeremy C. Owens at 408-920-5876; follow him at Twitter.com/jowens510.
Jeremy C. Owens
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Home • Car Accidents • Garden State Parkway Accidents
Garden State Parkway Accident Lawyers
Garden State Parkway Accident Attorney’s in New Jersey
Unfortunately, Garden State Parkway (GSP) are all too familiar to tourists, travelers, and drivers across New Jersey. This transportation artery spans more than 172 miles from the New York state line at Montvale to the southernmost tip of New Jersey. The Parkway was built in 1947 and is managed by the New Jersey Turnpike Authority. The GSP is the state’s longest and busiest road. It travels through 10 New Jersey counties beginning in Bergen, Passaic, Essex, Union, and Middlesex, continuing through Monmouth, Ocean, Burlington and Atlantic and ending in Cape May County.
Garden State Parkway Accident Statistics
While trucks and commercial vehicles are prohibited north of Exit 105 at Asbury Park, car and pedestrian accidents are common throughout the 172-mile highway. High-speed crashes related to distracted driving and unsafe speeds are common, particularly during Memorial Day, Independence Day and Labor Day. Some common causes of accidents on the Garden State Parkway are:
Toll plaza incursions
Unsafe lane changes
Excessive speeds
Distracted driving/texting while driving/cell phone use
Alcohol use/drunk driving
Wide toll plazas with booths for tickets, EZ-Pass, exact change, and purchases create traffic hazards where cars search for the appropriate booth and then return to a limited number of lanes. Data from a six-year period for the GSP showed that 5,290 car/truck collisions occurred less than half a mile from a toll plaza, which is nearly 70 percent higher than accident rates for other parts of this New Jersey highway.
As aggressive accident lawyers, we take note of the troubling statistics for fatal accidents on the Garden State Parkway accidents. Middlesex, Essex, and Monmouth counties have a disproportionate rate of fatal car and truck accidents. In 2011, 11 deaths from automobile and truck accidents occurred on the GSP in Essex County. This includes two pedestrians, four passengers, and five drivers. Middlesex had five fatalities during the same period, including four drivers and one passenger were killed in car and truck collisions.
Garden State Parkway Accident Lawsuits in NJ
Determining liability and recovering compensation for New Jersey highway accidents is a complex process. At Mazie Slater Katz & Freeman, our lawyers are experts in handling these types of cases.
We’ve achieved justice and record-setting verdicts by gathering information quickly, documenting the scene and using accident reconstructionists to prove cases in court. We aggressively fight for accident victims and we are committed to recovering compensation for our clients’ injuries, medical expenses and lost income. We have also been named to the Best New Jersey Personal Injury Lawyers list by the Best Lawyers in America publication.
If you or a loved one were injured on the Garden State Parkway, contact Mazie Slater Katz & Freeman. We will reply to answer your questions and discuss your case.
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The Tenth President
Lab Culture
Forged in Stone and Fire
Lasting Friendships
Huskies Heal
Q&A: A Day in the (Wild) Life
2018 Michigan Tech Magazine: Issue 1
By Cyndi Perkins
Dr. Erika Crook on duty at Utah’s Hogle Zoo.
Michigan Tech alumna Dr. Erika Crook cares for creatures great and small.
"There's a lot of things I've never done," says zoo and wildlife veterinarian Erika Crook. But her job includes things most people will never do, like figuring out why a pregnant zebra gets hives, tending to a scarlet ibis with a broken beak, and performing wellness checks on lion cubs.
The 1993 Michigan Tech biology graduate can't predict what's going to shake up the routine on any given day—could be a sneezing elephant, or a snake suffering from bloat. Maybe a monkey with a dislocated wrist, or an ailing sea star in need of an MRI.
Crook with a 53-gram lemur, one of six species of lemur she worked with in Madagascar.
From 8,000-pound pachyderms to five-gram toads, Crook attends to the health-care needs of a multitude of species in each cycle of life at Utah's Hogle Zoo, in Salt Lake City. In 2016, she eased the passage of the then-oldest giraffe in North America, 31-year-old Daphne. "She let us know when it was time," she says. Crook helped Nora the polar bear recover from both emotional and physical maladies. She vaccinates baby tigers, and helps new residents, like the pair of red pandas that came to the zoo earlier this year, settle in. Crook works with a staff of four in the veterinary department and about 150 employees zoo-wide.
She also pursues field opportunities beyond her home zoo. She surveyed the health of the bird populations of the Galapagos Islands, specifically its penguins and flightless cormorants. She joined tree kangaroo conservation efforts in Papua New Guinea, and surgically placed radio transmitters in venomous snakes in Armenia (she slept in the Russian mountains with 11 bagged, yet-to-be-released vipers stowed under her bed).
"I'm the most generalized specialist you'll ever meet."Erika Crook
Crook earned her Doctor of Veterinary Medicine degree from Michigan State University. A diplomate of both the American College of Zoological Medicine (2008) and the European College of Zoological Medicine (2017) she's qualified to treat every animal on the planet.
For Crook and the zoos and organizations she works for and with, conservation—conserving species, conserving habitat around the globe—is the overarching mission. "The goal of a modern zoo is to educate the public to care about wild animals and wild places in order to try to save many of the species which are on the brink'" she says.
"At this time, people are the most dangerous animals on the planet. Some of the damage we are doing may not be reversible. In our lifetime it is possible that certain rhino and big cat species could go extinct."
While involved in several other conservation programs, Hogle Zoo is using a specially designated "Big Six" initiative to go beyond zoo boundaries and focus on care and conservation of six key species in the wild: the boreal toad of Utah, Orangutans of Malaysia, Alaskan and Arctic polar bears, the radiated tortoise of Madagascar, and African elephants and lions. In the latter case, the zoo has a full pride.
Crook works with nearby veterinary colleagues as well as specialists in human medicine to help care for her patients.
"We hope that we can help bring awareness to their habitat and the other species in their vicinity that share their ecosystems," Crook says. "While I have worked with each of these species at the zoo, my hope is that as our conservation initiatives broaden I can work with those species in their native habitats."
Crook built a solid education foundation at Michigan Tech that resulted in acceptance into medical school. Born in Mexico and hailing from downstate Troy, Michigan, she qualified for a four-year full-ride minority scholarship to Tech. She's grateful for the funding opportunity, as well as the support she received from inspiring campus educators and leaders, finding inspiration in other courses as well as her biology major.
"Gloria Melton was my mentor," she says. "I was a member of the minority council Dr. Melton led. She was always so friendly, encouraging, down to earth, and inclusive. She made an effort to get to know the students and make us feel important as individuals." Melton, then-coordinator of minority student services, was dean of students from 2004 until her retirement in 2011.
Q: Did you always know you wanted to be a veterinarian? How did you choose Michigan Tech?
"I loved my time at Michigan Tech! It was a perfect fit for me in many ways."
A: I always knew, and it was apparent to my family, too—as a little girl growing up in Mexico City I would get very upset about the stray dogs on the streets. I had Airedale terriers, and worked at a kennel in high school. I learned about Michigan Tech when we visited the campus with my brother, who's a year older than me, looking at engineering schools. I fell in love with the size of the campus, the atmosphere, and the location. My best friends my freshman year were forestry majors. For a minute I wavered, thinking that maybe I wanted to be a forestry major, too. And even though I didn't become a plant doctor, I fondly remember how wonderful and passionate Dr. Janice Glime was.
Dr. Ronald Gratz was my pre-veterinary mentor and professor. I was in Blue Key, Delta Zeta, did campus tours, and worked the front desk at East Coed (now known as McNair) Hall. I spent a couple summers in Houghton and enjoyed the Keweenaw Peninsula. The week before I went to veterinary school I went backpacking on Isle Royale with a student who worked with Dr. Rolf Peterson on the island. We saw lots of moose and even a wolf!
Q: You work full-time at Utah's Hogle Zoo in Salt Lake City, but you've also been able to get out into the field—way out into the field. What are some of the most memorable experiences? What other zoos and projects have you worked with?
A: I love my day job at the Hogle Zoo as a zoo clinician, but the icing on the cake is having fieldwork experiences. My entry into this field was an internship at the Shedd Aquarium and Lincoln Park Zoo in Chicago. Some of my first patients were gorillas, warthogs, sharks, stingrays, and beluga whales. During a three-year residency at the Saint Louis Zoo's WildCare Institute I had unique opportunities for in situ conservation.
Working with large animals presents its own challenges.
I've been to the Galapagos three times, to participate with Dr. Patricia Parker's avian disease surveys to understand what the endemic bird populations have been exposed to. This required me to live aboard a small research vessel while not getting seasick in order to evaluate the Galapagos penguins and flightless cormorants (seen in the Russell Crowe movie Master and Commander) around Isabela and Fernandina islands.
In Madagascar, I joined a team working in the northern part of the country doing health assessments on six different lemur species, ranging from the tiny mouse lemur to the critically endangered Perrier's sifaka. We lived in a village; the people shared their dry river bed with us to dig holes to try to collect drinking water.
Assessing and tracking endangered species in the wild is a vital component of Crook's commitment to her career and world wildlife.
In southern Armenia, I surgically placed radio transmitters in three viper species as part of a PhD project for Dr. Jeff Ettling investigating the home ranges of the snakes. Armenia takes a lot of pride in its natural resources and national parks. By understanding and conserving snake habitat, a lot of species win.
In Papua, New Guinea, I hiked into remote old-growth rain forests (read: leeches and heavy rain) to work with wild Matschie's tree kangaroos, placing radio collars and performing health evaluations. The work, through the Tree Kangaroo Conservation Program, has helped create the first conservation area of tribal land in the country, and helps local villages improve education, health, and sustainability. A highlight was seeing healthy pouch joeys while doing a physical exam on the tree kangaroos.
Q: Have you ever been bitten or attacked? What's the scariest animal you work with?
This Galapagos penguin seems to be getting along with Crook just fine.
A: Yes, I can lay claim to having been bitten by the only penguin species (Galapagos penguin) that lives north of the equator. At Hogle, we do protective contact training with all dangerous species, which means that we're not in the same space with them. But when we're doing procedures on big animals —a tiger, polar bear or orangutan—it is 'game on with a game face'—I'm responsible for both animal and human safety. Every zoo vet has scary stories about an animal starting to wake up under anesthesia. I always have extra drugs in my pocket just in case, and I have learned through experience that you need to know where all your exits are. I'm first to go into the treatment area to determine anesthesia level, and it's my call when we mobilize the animal.
Q: What's the hardest animal to care for?
A: That's a hard question. Maybe dying giant green anemones, disintegrating into a mess. There was nothing we could do; they were attached to a rock. We still don't know what was happening in that tank. I'm not an expert on invertebrates.
Orangatuns to big cats and sea anenomes; every day brings different challenges.
Each species has its challenges. Sometimes the animals need our medical care and sometimes they heal on their own. We had a female orangutan that had lockjaw for days, but luckily she could take liquids via a straw and Tylenol off a spoon. We had a tiger with a severe erosion on the roof of her mouth that was causing eating problems; eventually the issue resolved on its own. We had a giraffe with a degloving injury to her distal tail, leaving exposed bone. This required a standing sedation tail amputation and bandage. We had a Pacific sanddab (flat fish) that had large bubbles of air in one eye. We performed anesthesia and an eye removal with excellent results. One of the most important things for animals in managed care is to try to provide the best environment and diet possible. Zoos don't always get it right but we try our best.
Q: What medical professionals do you consult with?
Dr. Erika Crook in her element.
A: Many specialists, human and veterinary, are willing to lend time and expertise to help with zoo cases. They enjoy the novelty and unique challenge of work on a non-human case. We have excellent veterinary colleagues close by that are board-certified in surgery, ophthalmology, emergency/critical care, and cardiology, to name a few. Specialists have helped us with a polar bear who needed exploratory surgery, an ocelot with a broken leg, a snow leopard with a deep eye ulcer that was patched with equine amnion, a gorilla that needed extractions and a canine root canal, and diagnostics on a sick 600-pound sea lion. On the human medicine side of things, we worked with a hepatologist when our jaundiced tiger had advanced liver failure (we pulled him through it!), a kidney specialist when a snow leopard with kidney stones needed scoping and lithotripsy, a breast cancer surgeon for a lumpectomy on a male orangutan with breast cancer, and an ear, nose, and throat specialist for a howler monkey with a wicked sinus infection who needed to have the pus pockets flushed out. A few zoos are fortunate to have their own CAT scan machines; we aren't one of them yet. So we work with specialists in advanced imaging for some of our more challenging cases. Some examples are a bloated sea star (she was filled with eggs), a non-venomous snake with cloacal cancer, and a female gorilla with advanced reproductive disease.
Dr. Erika Teaches Kids
Hogle Zoo participated with the San Diego Zoo Kids project to make animal-related videos for local hospitals and Ronald McDonald houses. Crook made three videos, including "How Animals Take Their Medicine" (meatballs for lions, grapes for giraffes). She helped serve a meal and visited with families at the local Ronald McDonald House for the premiere. "It was a very rewarding endeavor, as it helps kids realize that animals go to the doctor and get exams and take medicine just like they do," Crook says. "We have received lots of positive feedback from families who watched the videos while they were at medical facilities."
Play How to Give Zoo Animals Medicine video
For more animal-care fun go on "Rounds with Dr. Erika" to see how the zoo weighs elephants, does check-ups on porcupines, and takes crocodile temperatures.
If you want to learn more, Crook suggests some reading: "If you want to know more about what's it's like to be a zoo vet, I highly recommend The Rhino with the Glue-on Shoes, a compilation of stories that shows the variety, shapes, and sizes of animals my colleagues and I work on."
Students Explore Possibilities in Medical Careers
Huskies Come Out of the Woods For Reunion 2017
University Marketing and Communications
Administration Building G13
umc@mtu.edu
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You are here: Home > News and Events > Mood Walks Summit 2017 > Program
Mood Walks Summit 2017
Mood Walks Summit Program (PDF)
8:30-9:00 Registration & Breakfast
9:00-9:25 Welcome and Introductions | Greeting
9:25-9:45 Mood Walks for Youth in Transition: Project Results | PDF
9:45-10:30 Storytelling Activity
10:45-11:00 Break
11:00-12:00 Panel 1 — Nature for All: Diversity and Inclusion
12:00-1:00 Lunch
1:00-2:00 Physical Activity Break: Urban Poling / Hiking / Skating
2:00-3:15 Panel 2 — Youth Engagement
3:15-3:30 Break
3:30-4:45 Panel 3 — Campus Mental Health
4:45-5:00 Wrap-up and Closing
STORYTELLING ACTIVITY
PANEL 1 — NATURE FOR ALL: DIVERSITY AND INCLUSION (10:45 am-12:00 noon)
Who’s Been Here? Why We All Belong in the Outside
The benefits of time spent in nature are numerous and real. So, shouldn’t they be available to us all? But with the whole world seemingly available to us in the palm of our hand via the devices we all love so much, it may not seem unreasonable to ask: do we even need to go outside? The answer is, of course, an emphatic yes! But, we also need to ask: who should be there? The answer is, of course, everyone! Why? Because something significant is lost when nature experience is absent from life. More importantly, much is gained when it is present. All of us need to experience nature, and it is vital that participation in nature be diverse and inclusive. How do we make that happen?
Mark Yearwood, Founder and Executive Director
Kids in the Woods Initiative
Mark A. Yearwood is the Founder and Executive Director of Kids In the Woods Initiative – K.I.W.I., a nonprofit organization dedicated to reconnecting children to nature through adventure-play and mentoring in Toronto’s Rouge National Urban Park. K.I.W.I. is committed to increasing diversity and inclusion in outdoor recreation. Mark holds degrees from Western University, and Osgoode Hall Law School. A writer on the health and well-being of children, his work has appeared in the Globe & Mail, the National Post and Toronto Star. He currently sits on the Board of Directors at Earth Day Canada.
Being in Nature: Prescription for Better Health
Download Presentation – PDF
Exposure to natural areas fosters physiological and psychological well being. Parks and natural environments are stress busters — promoting physical health, minimizing pressures related to urban environments, boost productivity, improve immunity, and promote healing. To tap this immense health potential, Credit Valley Conservation through its Health and Wellness program, offers opportunities for members of community health centres, long-term care homes, community support service agencies and hospitals, to engage in nature based health therapy to retain their health in a holistic manner.
Ashoo Anand, Senior Coordinator, Multicultural Outreach
Credit Valley Conservation Area
In her role as the Senior Coordinator, Multicultural Outreach, for Credit Valley Conservation, Ashoo Anand has been involved in connecting and building partnerships with the community-based organizations in the Peel region. Being an immigrant, she understands the challenges newcomers face in Canada and their lack of connectivity with their local natural environment. Through her multicultural outreach program she tries to develop programs that can appropriately engage our linguistically and culturally diverse communities in environmental education, awareness, and informed actions.
Putting the North in Focus: Importance of the Land for Inuit Mental Health
North in Focus (NIF) is a non-profit organization, led by four university students, which promotes mental wellness in Northern Canadian communities. NIF facilitates weeklong workshops for youth, combining digital media, sport, and the outdoors, with mental health education. The NIF team has just returned from facilitating a program in Nain, Nunatsiavut (the Inuit region in Northern Labrador). From October 31 to November 4, NIF visited high school classes to discuss mental health and facilitate after-school recreational activities related to self-care and stigma reduction. The impact of physical movement in nature is intertwined with the North in Focus program.
Gabrielle Foss, Co-founder
North in Focus
Gabrielle Foss, Co-founder of North in Focus is a National Scholar at Western University, currently in her second year of a Health Science and Business Administration dual degree. She finds great joy in the outdoors, whether she is running through local trails, or paddling the lakes of Algonquin Provincial Park. She is drawn to the Arctic for both its natural and cultural beauty, as well as its challenges. Gabrielle is passionate about engaging youth to promote self-care, self-esteem, and self-efficacy, and applies this interest to empowering the future leaders of the North.
Becca Cambridge, NIF Ambassador
Becca Cambridge is a North in Focus Ambassador. Originally from Orillia, Ontario, she is currently studying Environmental Science and Psychology at Western University. She chose to get involved with North in Focus because she is very passionate about mental wellness and how our outside environment can affect our mental health!
LUNCH — CATERING BY NISHDISH
OUTDOOR ACTIVITY (1:00-2:00 pm)
Get outside and move! Choose one of the following outdoor activities.
During a 1-hour physical activity break, participants had the option to go skating on the Natrel Rink at Harbourfront Centre at Harbourfront Center, the “most scenic rink in the city”! It has a heated indoor change room with lockers and washrooms. Vouchers for rentals were provided.
Mood Walk: Hike the Waterfront Trail
Some participants joined us for a 1-hour walk on the Waterfront Trail led by experienced Hike Leaders. The walk provided views of Toronto Harbour, the islands and the Toronto Urban landscape. As a part of the walk, breathing and meditation was emphasized for the first half and sharing of favourite walking experiences was encouraged during the second half. Mood words to sum up the experience were solicited at the end of the Walk.
Participants were recommended to wear weather-appropriate clothing and footwear with treads that have a good grip in case of snow and icy conditions.
Participants had the option to learn about the benefits of Nordic Walking and how to effectively teach a program within a centre setting. In addition to elevating mood and general sense of well-being, urban poling promotes a healthy lifestyle, including stress and pain management, weight management, improvements in metabolic and cardiovascular fitness. Urban poling also promotes improvement in overall quality of life which is currently supported by well over 175+ research studies. This workshop took participants through the research as well as the basics of Nordic Walking while enabling them to feel comfortable teaching some of the techniques.
Diana Oliver is a dynamic business professional with a extensive background in marketing, sales and fitness. She has a passion for promoting the many health benefits of Urban Poling, which stems from her personal experience. Diana combined Urban Poling with other positive lifestyle choices to regain a healthy weight and improve her cardiovascular health following two strenuous pregnancies. Her positive recovery has instilled a drive to help change the face of health care in Canada. In 2012 she became a certified urban poling instructor and taught classes in her own Pilates business. In 2014 became a partner in Urban Poling Inc.
PANEL 2 — YOUTH ENGAGEMENT (2:00 pm-3:15 pm)
Opportunities for Youth Leadership within Mood Walks
The Mood Walks campaign was rolled out within the framework of our youth engagement group. We offered the program within our YEwG (Youth Engagement working Group) and had youth become advisors and hike leaders. Youth took lead on hike-planning, data collection and roll up, and assistance in the Harvest Festival weekend booth we had set up. We can offer a presentation on how we embedded the Mood Walks to be youth-led, using the Youth Engagement framework from the Centre of Excellence. We are building capacity among our organization to support youth who are at risk of, or experiencing, mental health issues. The YEwG is a group of young people, through the support of Lynwood Charlton Centre, that advocate for the awareness of mental health in youth. The youth in this group come from a variety of schools and programs within the city of Hamilton – together we work at breaking down the barriers around mental health stigma. We strive to be a voice for those suffering with mental health challenges. The YEwG has taken on the leadership responsibility in bringing a new initiative to youth in the Hamilton community. We had our youth present at the Disable the Label conference in July 2016, we presented at Harvest Fest, and continued to have our bi-weekly hikes from early Spring to late fall.
Selina Buesink, Registered Psychotherapist
Lynwood Charlton Centre
Selina Buesink, Registered Psychotherapist, is a hike enthusiast, artist, and a mental health anti-stigma champion. Selina obtained her undergraduate degree from the University of Guelph and then completed graduate training in Art Therapy from the Toronto Art Therapy Institute in 2007. Selina was the clinical supervisor of the adult day program at Aptus Centres in Toronto until 2009, thereafter she started working at Lynwood Charlton Centre’s Compass Day Treatment program as Team Leader/Art therapist. Within this role at Compass Selina has been given the opportunity to co-lead the Youth Engagement working Group and therefore take part in the implementation of the Mood Walks program.
Esther Nicholson, Youth Advisor
Esther is a youth advocate for mental health and a representative for mood walks. She grew up in the Amazon rainforest, traveled to and across Canada, and lived in both Ontario and British Columbia. Each climate and destination offered a unique but beautiful aspect of nature. Esther has always found that a connection to nature directly impacts her mental health. Also, having an artistic and musical expressive outlet play a huge role in her mental well-being. Moving to a city and being deprived of sunlight, fresh air and the easy accessibility to nature caused her to become severely depressed and anxious. Discovering mood walks however was a pivotal step in her journey to recovery and has lead her to meet new people, find a new expressive outlet and make lifelong friends.
Engaging Youth through the Youth Research and Evaluation eXchange
We know that youth engagement contributes to wellbeing not only for youth, but also for organizations, communities, and systems. In this presentation you will learn about how YouthREX integrates youth engagement as a core component of our work. Strategies that we use to “walk the talk” include positioning youth engagement as a guiding organizational principle, building it into our customized evaluation support service pledge, and supporting a Youth Advisory Council and the NOISE for Social Change program where youth collaboratively lead social action projects with York University students. We share “best practices” related to youth engagement in evaluation in our online course: Program Evaluation for Youth Wellbeing. We also create a forum for youth worker dialogue, networking and sharing in our face-to-face certificate course: Critical Youth Work: Bridging Theory and Practice, as well as a sector-wide forum for exchange at our conference and events. In addition to ongoing work and placement opportunities for youth, we feature youth voice in our monthly webinars and on our blog. Our Knowledge Mobilization hub, “the eXchange for youth wellbeing” features youth perspectives as well as research and evaluation summaries, fact sheets, infographics, reports, tools and resources relate to youth engagement and more.
Rebecca Houwer, Knowledge Exchange Manager
YouthRex
Rebecca Houwer is the Knowledge Exchange Manager for YouthREX and a Ph.D. Candidate in the Faculty of Education at York University. She has worked in the youth sector for ten years in a range of organizations and roles. She is the author of Changing Leaders, Leading Change: a Leadership Development Model for Marginalized Youth in Urban Communities. Her doctoral research explores the possibilities of learning through participation in community-based action research, knowledge production, and social change.
Walking the Talk: Engaging Youth in Mental Health
This presentation will share evidence-informed models and tools to support organizations and communities to improve their engagement of young people in all aspects of mental health service delivery and planning. Specifically, it will showcase the Walking the Talk: Engaging Youth in Mental Health toolkit recently launched by the Ontario Centre of Excellence for Child and Youth Mental Health. Walking the Talk is a unique, online toolkit that was co-developed and co-designed with young people. Informed by the experiences of young people and implementation science, the toolkit brings together research on youth engagement and practical tools and examples to help organizations shift towards a model of meaningful youth engagement for the benefit of the organization, young people and community more broadly.
Focusing on the Centre’s theory of change for youth engagement (embedded in the toolkit), which provides a framework through which agencies can incorporate youth engagement at every level of their organization. Drawing on tools and examples from the toolkit, participants will be able to explore the four key domains of the theory of change for youth engagement: agency readiness, positive youth development, openings and possibilities, and broadening and strengthening.
Muna Mohamed, Youth Advisor
Ontario Centre for Excellence in Child and Youth Mental Health
Muna Mohamed is a 4th year Public Affairs and Policy Management student at Carleton University. She is a provincial mental health advocate with a dedication to implementing anti-oppressive practices in youth serving agencies. Muna is a youth advisor for the Ontario Centre of Excellence for child and youth mental health. Through her work, she supports youth serving mental health agencies in better understanding the benefits and implementation of youth engagement practices.
PANEL 3: CAMPUS MENTAL HEALTH (3:30pm-4:45 pm)
Campus Mental Health and Community Connections
The Centre for Innovation in Campus Mental Health (CICMH) helps Ontario’s colleges and universities enhance capacity to support student mental health and well-being. CICMH is a partnership project involving Colleges Ontario, the Council of Ontario Universities, the Ontario Undergraduate Student Alliance, the College Student Alliance, and support from the Canadian Mental Health Association, Ontario Division.
Shafiqullah Aziz, Stakeholder Engagement and Communications Coordinator
Centre for Innovation in Campus Mental Health
Mood Routes: Embodied Program Development
Oftentimes, programs are developed to fix a need or fill a gap. But what about programs that aren’t about what’s missing? What about programs that start with a spark, launch on a leap of faith, and develop as they run? This is Ryerson University’s Mood Routes. We officially launched Ryerson’s version of Mood Walks mid-semester, a challenging time, with midterms hovering or just passed, September’s energy waning, and stamina lessening. And yet, what better moment to start a program that has as its core taking a rejuvenating break from the screens and sitting of lectures, studying, and meetings. With a little bit of promo, sketches of routes imagined, and kernels of connections and ideas, we took that leap and started to walk.
John Hannah, Director, Special Projects, Student Affairs, Ryerson University
John has been an educator for many years, and an outdoor enthusiast for even more. He looks for the ways in which these common interests capture the link between student wellbeing and academic success. He’s a strong believer that walking outside with others is a simple act that embodies that idea.
Deena Kara Shaffer, Learning and Transition Programs Specialist
Deena Kara Shaffer is a learning specialist in Ryerson University’s disability services office, and co-initiated its campus Mood Routes walking/rolling program. Deena is also a doctoral candidate, studying how excursions in nature can be used as learning strategies, a published poet, freelance writer on education and wellness, and a mother of two girls.
Aysha Azeez, Ryerson Student and Peer Notetaking Program Assistant
Aysha Azeez is in her fourth year pursuing a Bachelor’s of Commerce at Ryerson University’s Ted Rogers School of Management, majoring in Economics and Management Science. She also works for Ryerson Student Learning Support, and that is where she was introduced to and became an enthusiastic mentor for Mood Routes.
Lesley D’Souza, Manager of Student Affairs Storytelling
Arrive and Thrive: Incorporating weekly nature hikes into a larger campus-based program targeting addiction and mental health in the student population.
Arrive and Thrive is an 18-month program at McMaster University funded through the Mental Health Innovation Fund under the Ontario Ministry for Advanced Education and Skills Development. Arrive and Thrive is made up of a series of skill building classes using a harm reduction and non-judgemental approach to help students cope with everyday stress and begin to address the negative impact of substance use. Classes to help students learn about mindfulness, reduce procrastination behaviours, and increase physical activity are offered weekly and evaluated on a number of indicators. Further, a single-session motivational interview is used to help students begin a journey of exploring a change in their substance use behaviours. This session will explore the various program interventions run underneath the Arrive and Thrive umbrella and present preliminary results of the evaluations. Further, quantitative and qualitative results from our Mood Walks pilot project (called WIND – Walk In Nature Days) will be presented, along with a discussion of the barriers, challenges and opportunities that have and continue to exist.
Allan Fein, Research and Project Manager
McMaster University, Arrive and Thrive Program
Allan is currently the Research and Project Coordinator for the Arrive and Thrive Project at McMaster University. Allan has about twenty years of experience in health promotion program planning and evaluation within non-profit and post-secondary settings. With an additional background in community sport, outdoor education and residential camping for youth, the Mood Walks program was a natural and desired fit for Allan and the Arrive and Thrive team.
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Barvikha Luxury Village
The Barvikha Luxury Village concert hallRussian: Kontsertnyi zal «Barvikha Luxury Village» or Концертный зал «Барвиха Luxury Village» is located in Moscow’s most prestigious suburb on Rublyovo-Uspenskoye HighwayRussian: Rublyovo-Uspenskoe shosse or Рублёво-Успенское шоссе, just a few kilometres from the city. The countryside residences of many noted personalities of Russian political and business milieus and show biz stars are located in its vicinity. The hall’s state-of-the-art technical equipment holds its own among the world’s top concert venues. The Barvikha Luxury Village puts on theatrical and choreographic performances that have been celebrated with prestigious awards and prizes, including children’s performances and musical shows, movie premieres and shows by international music stars.
The show of the living rock legend Elton John marked the opening of this venue in 2008. Charles Aznavour, Placido Domingo, Vanessa-Mae, Chris de Burgh and many other singers performed here. During the New Year break, this concert hall gives traditional performances and shows for kids and, on December 31st, offers a special program starting at 10 p.m. Every New Year’s Eve is different, but shows by renowned performers, a dinner with a wide variety of dishes and plenty of opportunities for
dancing are always on the list. Throughout the year, the best theatres in Moscow (Community of Taganka ActorsRussian: Sodruzhestvo aktyorov na Taganke or Содружество актёров на Таганке, Moscow Pushkin Drama TheatreRussian: Teatr im. Pushkina or Театр им. Пушкина, Stas Namin’s TheatreRussian: Teatr Stasa Namina or Театр Стаса Намина, among others) put on performances for adults and kids, while some performers, such as pianist Denis Matsuev, stage concerts almost every year in this hall. Along with classical performances, one can also see 3D shows for kids with the latest technology and video projections on screens as high as a three-storey house.
The concert hall seats between 750 to 1,000 people, and the stage can be seen from anywhere in the hall, with every row being 15 cm higher than the preceding one. The hall is modifiable and is well suited for different kinds of events. The classical amphitheatre arrangement means that viewers are seated in armchairs, while the restaurant arrangement works well for 300 to 350 people sitting around tables. In the latter case, visitors will enjoy not only the music of their favourite performers, but also a delicious dinner in a casual setting. Both Russian and international artists use this arrangement for their shows.
This sight is located far away from the city center, and it is comfortable to use a taxi to reach it. If you are interested in Moscow taxi rates, How taxi in Moscow works etc, you can read about it on our website page “Moscow Taxi”.
The hall has VIP lounges that fit 3 to 12 guests, with cloakrooms in each of them. Some antechambers feature sofas, armchairs and tables. At the guests’ request, snacks and drinks are delivered up to here from the bar. As for the bar, it has comfortable seating where guests may comfortably rest during the intermission. In total, the building has five bars located on different floors, offering visitors hot and cold snacks, desserts, beverages and alcoholic drinks.
The concert hall is equipped with a powerful Meyer Sound acoustic system and equipment designed for elaborate performances with large-scale stage settings. A special mechanism opens the ceiling over the hall, and modern video systems show both 35mm films and 3D digital films.
The concert hall building is designed by the well-known Italian architect Antonio Citterio in the minimalist tradition, whose innovative ideas are reflected not only in the interior designs, but also in the custom-made furniture for the lounge and VIP zones, bars and the concert
hall itself. The interior and exterior finish of the concert hall is made with natural materials, mostly Western red-cedar, which has become the calling card of the Bavikha Luxury Village complex. Red-cedar vertical panels framing picture windows highlight the modern eco-architectural style of this impressive building.
The concert hall has 450 underground and above-ground parking spaces, and one can easily get from the underground parking areas into the lounge area. Smoking is allowed in specially selected areas. Barvikha Luxury Village is fully equipped for people with mobility disabilities, including special ramps, washrooms and lifts. Hi-speed Wi-Fi is available throughout the building.
The concert hall is part of the multifunctional Barvikha Luxury Village Trade and Entertainment CentreRussian: torgovo-razvlekatelnyi kompleks «Barvikha Luxury Village» or торгово-развлекательный комплекс «Барвиха Luxury Village» composed of the five-star Barvikha Hotel & Spa complete with the Espace Vitalité Chenot Spa Centre, boutiques selling world-famous brand name clothing, jewelry and watches, motor shows and gourmet restaurants.
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Article author:
Mariya Ulanova
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total number of grades: 4, average rating: 5.00 (from 5)
Open the map in new window
Between Third Ring Road and Moscow Ring Road
Nearest Metro Station
Molodyozhnaya, Krylatskoye
Building 2, 114 Rublyovo-Uspenskoe Highway, village of Barvikha, Odintsovo District, Moscow Oblast
http://barvikhaconcerthall.ru
Museum Opening Hours / Ticket Office Opening Hours
Performances begin at 7 p.m., for children - at 5 p.m.
From 3 000 to 60 000 rubles.
Visiting Rules
Standard.
There is an opportunity to buy tickets online.
You may also like in Moscow
Halls of Organ Music
Vegas City Hall
Great Hall of the Moscow Conservatory
Tchaikovsky Concert Hall
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Bloodstock 2016 – Sunday (Ross’s view)
Ross August 26, 2016 Gig Reviews No Comments on Bloodstock 2016 – Sunday (Ross’s view)
Chronicles (c) Bucavak Photography
Harsh, screeching vocals are Visions of Disfigurement’s way to introduce themselves to everyone. Describing themselves as “slamming death metal”, they certainly have…colourful lyrics. Just one listen of “Fecaluria” will ensure that you’ll never forget some of the images they conjure up. Drums come at a breakneck pace and work well in tandem with the down tuned guitars, certainly one for the memories.
Desert Storm bring things down a notch, injecting hints of blues and psychedelic into the mix. Like so many bands over the weekend, they pack out their space at the Sophie stage. Drums take a more subdued role in their music whilst guitars crunch and wail, at times sounding like early 90s alternative and with the exception of the harsh vocals, Matt Ryan could sound like Zakk Wylde gargling gravel.
Pteroglyph (c) Bucavak Photography
Pteroglyph you may have heard of. Zach’s (the very same Zach whose review was shared by Dee Snider) dad is one of the guitarists. Flirting with the proggier side of things, it’s a little out of my comfort zone but there’s a passion in the performance that very few other bands this weekend pull off.
Heart of a Coward are a band I’ve only heard of and I was honestly expecting something a bit naff to cater to a certain magazine’s crowd. How wrong I was. It was metalcore done so very right. Likely the best I’ve heard since Killswitch Engage and just as entertaining, they put in a great, energetic performance. If Killswitch Engage are ever looking for a great support act, look no further (this will be when someone tells me it’s already happened at some point…)
Sanguine (c) Bucavak Photography
With soaring vocals, Tarin Kerrey leads Sanguine through their groove-filled nu-metal songs. Not too heavily reliant on harsh vocals, she can still hit the bottom notes when she wants alongside the higher ones. The riffs chug with the force of a steam train from Nick Magee, his backing vocals snarling behind Tarin’s.
Kahtet were maybe the strangest band I saw all weekend. As the trio combines technical with prog, they rely only on instruments, no vocals in the slightest. Going from aggressive to ethereal calm and back, it makes for a weird experience but an enjoyable one nonetheless.
Pulling no punches, Krysthla intend to provide you with the most primal of heavy metal they can manage. With gut-punching riffs that are designed to knock you on your ass, there’s an intensity that knocks you off-kilter though that could be down to the fact it’s still relatively early in the day. They set the standard for the day and barely any acts manage to beat them.
Desert Storm (c) Bucavak Photography
The female-fronted I Saw the World Burn have clearly made an impression on attendees given their reception on the post-mortem social media posts. While most of the female-fronted bands here aim for the Within Temptation/Nightwish niche, I Saw the World Burn aim for a far heavier approach. It’s done with ease and panache as frontwoman Katie Cairns holds her audience captive and with the tightly-knit performance from the entire band, you wouldn’t think they’d been together for less than a year.
Divine Chaos were a band I caught at Wildfire and they were incredible. Definitely one of the day’s “must-see” bands and it seems several people at Bloodstock had the same idea as the Sophie stage is packed. An energetic blend of thrash of doom and heavily polished, had it not been for bands higher up the bill, they would easily have been the best band of the day.
Firebomb (c) Bucavak Photography
Doom metallers Witchsorrow take their shot at the Sophie Lancaster stage and almost like a unicorn, a three-piece here is a rare sight. Opening with a song almost like “The God That Failed”, there’s more of a stoner vibe to them than doom, almost as if they were Wolfmother who took a bunch of mushrooms and became a sludgier version. It’s a slick band but there’s very little oomph with bassist Emily Witch skulking near her amp.
Rabid Bitch of the North approached me as I stood mouth agape at Gojira’s set, handing me one of their CDs based on the patches on my denim cut-off. I can see why as their NWOBHM riffs delivered as a three-piece is definitely up my alley. There’s a chant of “Rabid Bitch!” filling the New Blood stage which the band are in awe of. Despite being inspired by NWOBHM, there’s an injection of groove and melody to bring an extra layer of texture to it, becoming far more tangible.
Hitting the melodic end of the spectrum, the four-piece Derange are intent on conquering the Sophie stage and they manage to do so with ease. One of the most professional bands of the weekend, frontwoman Cat Pereira is intent on playing as if to a packed stadium and the crowd lap it up. Backed by the thunderous drums of Warren de Melo, there’s an easy rhythm to nod along to for most of the set, making for a great time, their set passing by in a flash.
Divine Chaos (c) Bucavak Photography
Firebomb were another band that ended up lodging itself at the front of our minds for the remainder of the weekend, impressed by the quality they were displaying. With a modern hard rock sound with a classic twist, it made a nice change of being subjected to the converse. The one thing that popped into my mind was they wouldn’t at all be out of place at Wildfire and I could see them getting a good slot on the bill there next year. Dave Ritchie, if you’re reading, it’s just a thought!
DragonForce suffer technical issues and their stage time is pushed back, as such, they only have time for a handful of songs but they use their time expertly, squeezing “Cry Thunder”, “My Spirit Will Go On” and a couple of others before closing with “Through the Fire and Flames”. It’s a setlist that’s not surprising but when you’re playing a festival, it’s the proper way to do it (take note, Iron Maiden). Marc Hudson makes for a great frontman and there’s a sense that he’s no longer the “new boy” but still a sense of wonder as he windmills during instrumental parts,
DragonForce (c) Will Tudor Photography
The John Doe’s Burial get the short end of the stick as people have hung around to catch DragonForce. Deathcore isn’t my thing. From the name of the genre, I know that right away. Except, I rather like this. Far heavier than anything I’m used to, it’s a shame their set clashed with DragonForce’s so much as I would have liked to have seen more.
With two lead vocalists, Chronicles are a rather unique line-up. One vocalist concentrates on harsh vocals whilst the other focuses mainly on clean with some harsh vocals. It seems a bit unnecessary since one vocalist can do both. Musically, the metalcore outfit seems a bit sloppy and it seems nerves are creeping into the performance – understandable. However there’s some great bass work on offer from Leighton Mead and they’re not the worst band of the weekend.
Valous are another band to combine NWOBHM with another sub-genre, this time aiming for a more 80s American rock feel. Something which definitely shouldn’t work. As such, you get the chugging riffs mixed in with bending notes, turning them into a captivating spectacle.
Memoriam (c) Bucavak Photography
After the jaw-dropping behemoth that was Anthrax, Pythia aim for a darker vibe, pulling in a sizeable crowd and as they look to album four and their position on the bill, there’s a lot of love for them. The gothic take is well-received by the crowd but it’s not my thing, regardless of how well they do it.
After bumping into a nice girl who we’ll call Elizabeth, it’s time to see Attica Rage and once again, there’s no space to be had in the Jägermeister stage. With their blend of NWOBHM and thrash, it’s something which shouldn’t really work but it does. As tight a performance as ever, they’re conscious of appearing between Anthrax and Slayer and no-one wants to miss the final band of the night. Just like with his other band, Mason Hill, Matthew Ward delivers massive bass lines and holds his own during the spine-tingling cover of Motörhead’s “Overkill”. I’d completely forgotten how much I like these guys and I enjoyed the stark reminder so much so, I now have a ticket for their Glasgow show in October!
Attica RageBloodstock Open AirChroniclesDerangeDesert StormDivine ChaosDragonForceFirebombHeart of a CowardI Saw The World BurnKahtetKrysthlaPteroglyphPythiaRabid Bitch Of The NorthSanguineThe John Doe's BurialValousVisions of DisfigurementWitchsorrow
Described as a gig junkie, can be seen at anything from the Quireboys to Black Label Society and everything in between.
Bloodstock announces 7 more bands for 2020
Metal 2 the Masses London Heat 5 report
Gig Report: Metal 2 the Masses London – Heat 4 (15th December 2019)
Band of the Day: Nafrat
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The Zetter Townhouse Marylebone
Prices have been converted from the hotel’s local currency (GBP184.50), via openexchangerates.org, using today’s exchange rate.
Grand tour throwback
Steps from Selfridges
More hotels in London More hotels in United Kingdom
The Zetter Townhouse Marylebone is instantly homey, with its chocolate-brown leather seats, wine-hued oriental rugs and open fireplace; decor is an homage to Sir John Soane’s Museum. Bedrooms, too, are richly coloured, and the menu in Seymour’s Parlour is equal parts mouth watering and thirst quenching.
A selection of homemade salted fudge and late check-out until 1pm
Twenty-four, including one suite.
Noon, but flexible, subject to availability; a 2pm check-out can be guaranteed for £40. Earliest check-in, 3pm, also flexible subject to availability.
Double rooms from £221.40, including tax at 20 per cent.
Rates generally exclude Continental breakfast, which is £15.50.
Your in-room minibar is stuffed with house-made pre-mixed cocktail bottles, a cocktail-shaker set and a selection of locally produced crisps, crackers, nuts, marshmallows and chocolates.
Free WiFi. In rooms: minibar and cocktail-shaker kit, free bottled water, tea- and coffee-making facilities, hot-water bottle with hand-knitted cover, robes and slippers, Ren bath products.
The Studio overlooks a quiet mews street and has a palatial carved wooden bed and seriously high ceilings. On the top floor, Lear’s Loft comes complete with a private terrace and alfresco claw-footed bath tub that the exhibitionist in us adores – wicked Uncle Seymour’s influence, perhaps…
Deeply coloured and understatedly elegant pieces to wear and something by Oscar Wilde or DH Lawrence to read.
The orderly architectural collection of friezes, busts and other Grand Tour trinkets are an homage to Sir John Soane’s Museum off Lincoln’s Inn Fields. Keep an eye open for nods to Uncle Seymour’s pet parrot in the decor, too.
The hotel happily accepts children of all ages. There’s a kids’ check-in with in-room balloons, pint-sized robes and books. A cot (free; suitable for under-2s) or an extra bed (also free; suitable for children aged 2–16) can be added to Deluxe Rooms.
Although it’s more of an adult-geared stay, the hotel happily accepts children from the age of one to 12. There’s a special kids’ check-in with in-room balloons, pint-sized robes and books. Travel cots and cribs can be provided for the four years and younger set, and some of the rooms have sofa beds. The hotel also has baby listening monitors to borrow, should you want to nip downstairs for a bite to eat while your tiny Smith is sleeping. Although there’s no dedicated menu, ask nicely and the kitchen can whip up most small-palate favourites.
Eco‐friendly
In-room detection and double-glazed windows conserve electricity, an Eau de Vie filtration system cuts out bottled-water waste and everything that can be is recycled. The hotel aims to stick with locally sourced, organic and seasonal food, too.
Grab a table for two by the window to watch the passers-by, snag a fireplace-frontal sofa to really settle in, or make your way to an alcove seat for side-by-side tête-à-tête.
Casual by day – think jeans, draped shawl cardigans and well-heeled boots – and jazzier by night. Take inspiration from the suspender-clad barmen and go all out vintage, perhaps,or stick to simple designer sleek.
Cockle-warming in the day and swinging in the evening, Seymour’s Parlour is a place in which you could spend some serious time. It's more a cocktail lounge than a restaurant, and the food is designed to go with cocktails; you’ll find mostly light bites, snacks and sharing platters on the menu. Start with the crowd-pleasing courgette crisps and end with the grown-up chocolate fudge. Seymour's Parlour aims to be locavore when possible, and the menu changes seasonally. Take part in the most English of traditions, afternoon tea. Choose between Aunt Wilhelmina's tea with a selection of traditional finger sandwiches, and Uncle Seymour's with more substantial snacks like devilled eggs, sausage rolls and mini croque-monsiuers; both come with scones, jam and clotted cream, and a variety of cakes. Breakfast is also served there; try the lightly spicy potted eggs with baked beans, or the indulgent croissant croque monsieur. The coffee is sweet and smooth and not to be missed.
There's no delineation between bar and restaurant; Seymour's Parlour is all one inviting cocktail lounge. Mixology heavyweights Matt Whiley (The Talented Mr. Fox) and Rich Woods (The Cocktail Guy) dreamed up the bespoke cocktail menu, carefully concocted with ingredients known for their therapeutic benefits, like St John's Wort and Vetiver). Try the Poker Face made with catnip-infused sweet Vermouth, said to relieve anxiety and keep you cool under pressure or, for a more illicit rendezvous, the Aphrodisiac Spritz with sandalwood vodka. Not one of those crowded standing room joints, Seymour’s Parlour is table-service only and in high demand, with tables available in two-hour slots.
Ask for your final Ibble Dibble by 10.15pm on a Sunday, 11.15pm Monday to Wednesday, and by 12.15am Thursday to Saturday. Breakfast is served from 7am (8am on the weekend) to 11am.
The menu from Seymour’s Parlour is available to order to your room 24 hours a day.
28-30 Seymour St
W1H 7JB
The Zetter Townhouse Marylebone is on a quiet lane, but only two streets from buzzing Oxford Street.
Busy Heathrow International Airport is 40 minutes’ drive from the hotel and Gatwick International Airport is 80 minutes’ drive away; times can vary depending on London traffic. The hotel can arrange airport transfers; these must be booked in advance.
The hotel can also arrange transfers, which usually take around 10 minutes from Paddington station; trains arrive there from Cardiff, Reading, Bristol, Bath, Oxford, Exeter and Heathrow Airport .
Driving in London is maddening, slow and will incur a congestion-zone fee, and the hotel has no parking facilities. We wouldn’t recommend driving yourself, especially when taxis are so abundant.
Marble Arch and Bond Street tube stations are each about a five-minute walk.
The hotel is wonderfully central and somehow still amazingly peaceful. Oxford Street is only two lanes away and Selfridges' flagship shop is practically on your doorstep; luckily there’s ample wardrobe space in the townhouse’s rooms. Walk a few minutes west and you’ll bump into sprawling Hyde Park. From there, it’s a pleasant stroll to wave to the Queen at Buckingham Palace. The super-central location and excellent transport links mean that all of London is easily accessible, so whether you’re after green space and views from Primrose Hill, tales of Elizabethan history at the Tower of London, or graffiti and trendy baked goods in the East End, nothings more than a half-hour’s journey from your inviting bed.
For more things to do in London, check-out our private, insider-led SideStory experiences.
To brunch like West London champions, make your way to the Providores and Tapa Room. The French toast is stuffed with banana, pecans, grilled smoked streaky bacon and vanilla verjus syrup and the Turkish eggs are served on a bed of whipped yoghurt with hot chilli butter and sourdough toast. For modern European food and wine pairings, head to 28º–50º Wine Workshop & Kitchen on Maddox Street, which also hosts wine-tasting events. The staff at 35 New Cavendish Street, a 10-minute walk away from the hotel, are unflaggingly pleasant; and the brasserie-style menu is extremely tempting. Arrive hungry: fat prawns, still tangy with sea salt, croque monsieur with a scandalous helping of gruyère, and a surprisingly elegant hundred-layer lasagna await.
Local cafés
At La Fromagerie they’re serious about their coffee: they serve Italian Le Piantagioni and the sweeter French Belleville Brûlerie. If tea’s more your speed, try the brews originating from Milly-la-Florêt or Robert Wilson's Sri Lankan estates. Workshop Coffee's Bond Street outpost has green-marble countertops and a rotating signature drink; you can also find their coffees at the Laslett. Fischer’s Viennese café is good for a leisurely kaffee-und-kuchen break; for the best cinnamon buns around, hit up Nordic Bakery. Or if you’re in need of serious mid-shopping sustenance, snag a lunchtime hot-roast sandwich at the Ginger Pig’s first brick-and-mortar spot on Moxton Street.
Local bars
We’re a little bit enamoured with Pollen Street Social’s cocktail menu, created by Jason Atherton, the man behind Berners Tavern. Test your cocktail-shaking skills with a molecular mixology masterclass at Purl, or simply settle into it speakeasy-styled lounge and sample all the artisitic apertifs you can handle. You’ll need the password to gain entry. For those who like their liquor undiluted, Cadenhead’s Whisky Shop holds guided whisky tasting events.
By Alex Stedman, Frugal fashionista
As we walked into the Zetter Townhouse, Marylebone, we felt like we were stepping back in time (but in the best possible way). Entering via the dimly lit, snug-like cocktail bar at the front of this unassuming Georgian townhouse, we immediately wanted to disregard all modern technology and cosy up on the low sofas, with one of cocktail maestro Tony Conigliaro’s wildly imaginative drinks in our hands.
Being so close to bustling Oxford Street, I was dubious that we would be able to get a quiet night’s sleep, but during our stay there were no signs of revellers, clinking glasses or even our fellow guests – bliss. The hotel’s rooms are all impossibly chic, while retaining that old-school British cosiness that, frankly – in a world of pared-back Scandi chic and minimalism – we all want a bit more of: dark-wood antique beds, bold velvet chairs and traditional deep-pile carpets, the rooms are the ultimate in comfort. I was particularly pleased with the ample wardrobe space; my husband with the size of the shower (it’s the simple things that make all the difference).
The bathroom was spacious; the shower had the perfect pressure; the bed felt more expansive than its already generous size, and I never wanted to leave it. If anything, I was slightly disappointed that for what’s billed as a double room, the bed is comprised of two twins smushed together – but this in no way dampened our stay.
With its antique charm and quirky comforts, it's quite hard to believe this hotel is a stone’s throw away from the hustle and bustle of one of the busiest shopping streets in the world. I, for one, was ecstatic to be in such close proximity to Selfridges’ Food Hall, but for a bit of culture, the Wallace Collection is unmissable, housing works from Jan Steen to Rembrandt (favourites of mine). We were astounded that, as Londoners, we hadn’t visited before, but like the Zetter Marylebone, it’s one of London’s hidden gems.
A Continental breakfast is served at the hotel, as well as a decent snack menu (anywhere with Scotch eggs and sausage rolls on its menu is a winner with us), but if you need something more substantial, the Zetter’s location is as good as it gets for restaurants – we enjoyed an excellent roast from gastropub (and fellow Smith stay) the Grazing Goat just around the corner, and tapas plates at Donostia were all delicious – Basque cuisine with a really buzzing atmosphere is a winning combination. Wandering through the hotel, on the way back to our room, we realised it would’ve been criminal not to try one of the infamous cocktails from Seymour's Parlour. The bespoke menu (concocted by star mixologist Tony Conigliaro and super-chef Bruno Loubet), objets d’art and subdued atmosphere make you feel like you’re in a centuries-old private member’s club, and the Kubla Khan cocktails definitely made us feel sleepily content.
There’s something about Marylebone that makes you feel like a local, rather than one of the tourists joining the perennial queue outside Madame Tussauds close by. This part of the city has a village-y quality, and we felt incredibly smug popping to Marylebone High Street for brunch (well, one simply must when there’s a Daylesford café close by, and a pineapple-relish-slathered chorizo burger on offer at the Providores) and a spot of high-end shopping in Matches, Toast, Paul Smith… The usual rabble. It’s all just five minutes’ walk away from our new hideaway. For its lucky guests, this outpost of the Zetter Townhouse is more than a hotel, it's home for the nights you stay there, and the staff really make you feel that way, too. For us, it’s our new favourite London haunt.
Whenever you book a stay at a Smith hotel or villa, we’ll invite you to review it when you get back. Read what other Smith members had to say in The Zetter Townhouse Marylebone’s Guestbook below.
The Zetter Townhouse was buzzing from the moment we crossed the threshold. This is a smart townhouse in a smart part of town, perfect if you're in London for a night or two and hoping to have a smashing meal while you're there. First off, you can tell that the staff here enjoy their work. It's an eccentric cast of characters, perfectly reflecting the world outside its doors. The bar was constantly heaving while we were there and I recommend making time for a cocktail. The rooms are playful and compact, but even with ample luggage it never felt poky. Breakfast in bed was the perfect antidote to an evening of frivolity and I would happily recommend this hotel to friends on a jaunt through town.
This is not a tranquil haven of rest and relaxation. Zetter is definitely for those who would have a penchant for getting up to no good.
By Urs, SilverSmith
Stayed on 26 Oct 2019
The wonderful welcome from the team at Zetter, nothing was too much trouble.
By Rob, BlackSmith
This was my second stay and it did not disappoint. I will stay again. I love the non-intrusive attention from the staff and their polite manner. The rooms are extremely clean and beautifully appointed, the bathrooms immaculate. The location is perfect as well. For me, it's an all-around winner!
Don't expect party central. Do expect an eclectic group of folks meeting each other for a drink or tea.
By Deborah, BlackSmith
Stayed on 10 Jul 2019
The superb location – you're right on the doorstep of central London. It's an oasis of calm, quirkinesses and quality, with very friendly service. Excellent sound deadening - we didn't hear the outside world.
To be disappointed.
By Keith, GoldSmith
Stayed on 6 Jul 2019
We loved the luxurious furnishings, the comfortable beds, the quiet room, the delicious breakfast, the classy bar and the cocktails - style from the moment you walk in to the minute you leave.
Don't expect formal hotel vibes.
By Jemma, SilverSmith
Stayed on 29 May 2019
We felt very at home! It's warm and cosy.
Lots of space.
By Valarie, SilverSmith
You’ll also find The Zetter Townhouse Marylebone in:
Boutique bed and breakfasts
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San Angel Inn
Diego Rivera 50, Altavista, San-Angel
San Angel Inn - Mexicocity
Are you a business owner in Mexico City?
Promote your business 365 days a year with the #1 Guide to Mexico City.
Directions to San Angel Inn
Set in a converted monastery, San Angel Inn is a beautiful, authentic Mexican restaurant. You will be dining amongst intricately designed colonial Mexican décor and beautifully kept gardens, as well as amongst Mexico's most important people.
The restaurant boasts a huge 40 hectares of space, housing stunning gardens, patios, and ballrooms, which all give the place a romantic, nostalgic atmosphere, with a luxury style.
While the restaurant serves a range of international cuisine, it has a distinct Mexican flavour to it, and, of course Mexican favourites are on the menu too. Some of their best dishes include lobster bisque, chicken with mole sauce, roast duck with blackberry sauce, and grilled steak Mexican style. Desserts include Bavarian cream with strawberries, and goat milk crepes, amongst other decedent delights.
The wine list is extensive and includes local and imported wines, and their famous cocktails are served chilled in a traditional ice bucket.
Saturday - Sunday (including holidays) - 8.30am - 1pm
Address: Diego Rivera 50, Altavista , Mexico City
La Chilanguita
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Fiesta restaurant with quirky décor..........
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Benito-Juarez, Mexico City
Bellini offers some amazing, unique views of Mexico City from its revolving restaurant situated on the 45th floor of the World Trade Center skyscraper..........
Bistrot Mosaico
Condesa, Mexico City
Bistrot Mosaico the authentic flavor of homemade French cuisine. Created in 2000 in La Condesa in Mexico City. This is a place where you can enjoy nice, fresh homemade s...
El Prego
When you visit Prego you will find high quality standards in the products, because the freshness and good quality of the products are the most important thing for this re...
Zhen Shanghai
Polanco, Mexico City
This superb Chinese restaurant specialises in a wide an interesting range of dim sum.............
Jaleo
If you are in for some good tapas, this is one of your best options!............
Lampuga Bistrot
One of the favorite seafood restaurants in Polanco............
El Nopalito
Gustavo-A-Madero, Mexico City
El Nopalito, a restaurant of national prestige with over 62-year-old tradition, is an oasis to the North of the city............
Casa Portuguesa
Casa Portuguesa has joined the new constellation that we determine as gourmet-urban cosmopolitan and has returned to Polanco zones with innovative gastronomic alternative...
El Tizoncito Tamaulipas
Cuauhtemoc, Mexico City
They are refered as the creators of "tacos al pastor" since 1960´s............
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Gabby Lopez leads the Bisbee High School girls basketball team in points per game, rebounds per game and total points this season.
MARK LEVY HERALD/REVIEW FILE
In addition to her standout play on the basketball court, Gabby Lopez also plays volleyball and softball.
Alexis Ramanjulu Herald/Review FILE
Bisbee's hot shot: Lopez puts up big numbers for Pumas
By Alexis Ramanjulu alexis.ramanjulu@myheraldreview.com
Alexis Ramanjulu
As a freshman, Gabby Lopez leads the Bisbee High School girls basketball team in points per game, rebounds per game and total points this season. However, if you ask the guard, she still has more to improve on.
Shooting and defense were on the list of what she wants to become better at, but being in better shape tops the list of improvements she wants to make.
“I don’t know why, but it’s been hard for me to be in shape for the season,” Lopez admits. “I want to better myself, but also help my teammates get better.”
Although she says she’s not in shape, Lopez’s finesse with the ball and her quiet leadership method is what’s most noticeable on the court. In her first season, she is averaging 17.9 points per game, 4.8 rebounds per game and has 305 points so far this season. She also has one double-double and a triple-double with nine games remaining in the season.
“I thought I would get (success) later like my senior year, not now though,” Lopez said.
Her impact on the team isn’t lost on head coach Courtney Borquez.
“Gabby is the (missing) piece to our puzzle,” Borquez said. “She has come to the team and has picked up everything the other varsity girls already know with ease. She has natural skills for being a freshman, and I’m so excited I have her on our team for the next few years.”
The group of girls on the Bisbee squad have held a top spot in the rankings all season, which has surprised many — but not Lopez. She said she decided to play for Bisbee because of how impressive the team looked last year, with almost all the players from that season returning, and will be together next year too.
“We really bond well with each other,” she said. “We don’t have drama ... we’re just chill. I really like how the team played last year and thought we could go far this year and next year.”
The teenager first started playing basketball when she was 5 years old. She said she was intrigued by the sport from watching her older brother play. Before entering high school she played for Lowell Junior High School and multiple teams out of the Bisbee area.
Lopez played for two Hoopology teams, based out of Sierra Vista, one girls team and one boys team after the girls season ended. Last year, as an eighth grader, Lopez played on a travel team based out of Tucson, which required a lot of time on the road for games, practices and tournaments.
“It was hard to manage my time, but it was worth it,” Lopez said.
Time management has been a hard lesson for Lopez to learn. She said maintaining her grades is important to her so she can stay eligible for all three sports she plays in. Lopez said the long bus rides provide time for her to get homework done because when they get back it’s late at night.
In the fall, Lopez played for the Pumas volleyball team and in the spring she plans on playing softball. Lopez said she started playing both sports because her mom played them when she was younger. Over the years she said her mom has taught her and helped her improve both on the court and on the diamond.
For Lopez, her parents support means everything to her. She said without them and their willingness to give her advice and take her to games and practices, she wouldn’t be where she is today, playing for the opportunity to earn a spot on a college team someday.
“My dad pushes me to get better everyday. It helps me better myself and know what my mistakes are so I can fix them,” she said. “Sometimes it’s extra pressure, but it’s helpful.”
Gabby Lopez
Bisbee High School
Courtney Borquez
Pumas Volleyball Team
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Newly released documents show environmental concerns as wall construction begins
Aziess Joseph Whitehurst, 20
Ten years of successful horse rescues and going strong
Organizers expecting hundreds for MLK Day parade in Sierra Vista
Rhonda Gay (Williams) Mangum, 60
Sally Ann Bond, 73
Growing a healthy Huachuca City
Thatcher steals win from Bisbee girls
Christopher Kovarcik, 50
OUR VIEW: Will we be praising Satan soon?
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Thomas Littlefield
Pedigree to immigrant Edward Ball of Block Island RI
Jane Rose Dunn1
Jane Rose Dunn was the daughter of Samuel Dunn and Priscilla Ball.1
[S145] Nicholas Ball, compiler, Edward Ball and Some of His Descendants (Newport, R.I.: Mercury Print, 1891), p. 7.
Catharine Dunn1
Catharine Dunn was the daughter of Samuel Dunn and Priscilla Ball.1 Catharine Dunn married Rev. Thomas Dodge.
Children of Catharine Dunn and Rev. Thomas Dodge
Priscilla Dodge+
Catherine Dodge+ b. c 1774, d. 18 Apr 1821
Samuel Dunn1
Samuel Dunn was the son of Samuel Dunn and Priscilla Ball.1
Ellis Dunn1
Ellis Dunn was the son of Samuel Dunn and Priscilla Ball.1
Mary Dodge1
F, #12956, b. 1 September 1741
Mary Dodge was born on 1 September 1741.2 She was the daughter of Samuel Dodge and Elizabeth Ball.1 Mary Dodge married John Wright, son of Thomas Wright and Ann Downing (????), on 1 December 1763.2
Children of Mary Dodge and John Wright
Anne Wright2 b. 20 May 1764
Elizabeth Wright2 b. 3 May 1766
Peggy Wright2 b. 18 Apr 1769
Samuel Wright2 b. 6 Jul 1775, d. Feb 1797
William Lewis Wright2 b. 7 Jul 1779
Thomas Downing Wright2 b. 15 May 1782
Mary Wright+2 b. 24 Oct 1785, d. 19 Nov 1851
John Wright2 b. 24 Oct 1785
[S149] G. Andrews Moriarty (A.M./ LL.B./ F.S.A.), "Some Notes On Block Islanders Of The Eighteenth Century," The New England Historical and Genealogical Register, Vol. 105, pp. 249-272 (1951): p. 272.
Sarah Dodge1
Sarah Dodge was the daughter of Samuel Dodge and Elizabeth Ball.1
Elizabeth Dodge1
Elizabeth Dodge was the daughter of Samuel Dodge and Elizabeth Ball.1
Lyman C. Ball
Lyman C. Ball was born circa 1786 at RI.1 He was the son of John Ball and Fidelia Littlefield.2 Lyman C. Ball married Ilyndia Rose say 1810.
20 August 1850 New Shoreham, Block Island, Newport Co., RI "Lyman C." age 64, farmer, with wife Ilyndra, and children: William, Joseph and John1
9 July 1860 New Shoreham, Block Island, Newport Co., RI "Lyman" age 72, b. RI, farm laborer, with wife Ilyndra; living next to sons Joseph and William3
Children of Lyman C. Ball and Ilyndia Rose
Lydia Ball4 b. c 1812
Caleb Littlefield Ball+4 b. 10 Sep 1815, d. 9 Oct 1904
Sarah Ball4 b. c 1816
Phebe R. Ball+4 b. c 1822
William B. S. Ball+4 b. Aug 1824
Tintemichal Ball b. c 1832
Joseph Ball+4 b. 10 Jun 1834, d. 1 Oct 1918
John Ball1 b. c 1836
[S7] 1850 (June 1) U.S. Census, New Shoreham, Newport, RI, p. 13 (stamped p. 7).
[S145] Nicholas Ball, compiler, Edward Ball and Some of His Descendants (Newport, R.I.: Mercury Print, 1891).
[S8] 1860 (June 1) U.S. Census, New Shoreham, Block Island, Newport Co., RI, p. 21 (stamped 338).
[S145] Nicholas Ball, Edward Ball and Some of His Descendants, p. 8.
Ilyndia Rose1
Ilyndia Rose was born circa 1789 at New Shoreham, Block Island, Washington Co., RI.2,3 She married Lyman C. Ball, son of John Ball and Fidelia Littlefield, say 1810.
20 August 1850 New Shoreham, Block Island, Newport Co., RI "Hyndia" age 61, with husband, etc.2
9 July 1860 New Shoreham, Block Island, Newport Co., RI "Ilinda" age 70, b. RI, with husband4
1 June 1865 New Shoreham, Block Island, Newport Co., RI "Lyndia" age 76, b. New Shoreham, with son William and family5
1 June 1875 New Shoreham, Block Island, Newport Co., RI "Linda" age 86, b. New Shoreham, living with sister Sarah (Rose) Rathubun6
Children of Ilyndia Rose and Lyman C. Ball
[S17] Ball Families of North America as collected by Dr. Joseph L. Druse (1915-2004), 3x5 inch index card file, last updated December 2001, Personal Library of David G. Ball, North Vancouver, BC, Canada.
[S3652] Jun 1865 Rhode Island State Census,.
[S3652] Jun 1865 Rhode Island State Census, New Shoreham, Washington Co., RI, p. 134.
[S3641] 1875 (1 June) Rhode Island State Census, New Shoreham, Washington Co., RI, p. 33.
Lydia Ball1
Lydia Ball was born circa 1812.2 She was the daughter of Lyman C. Ball and Ilyndia Rose.1,3
Sarah Ball1
Sarah Ball was born circa 1816.2 She was the daughter of Lyman C. Ball and Ilyndia Rose.3,1
Caleb Littlefield Ball1,2
M, #12963, b. 10 September 1815, d. 9 October 1904
Caleb Littlefield Ball was born on 10 September 1815 at RI.3,4 He was the son of Lyman C. Ball and Ilyndia Rose.5,1 Caleb Littlefield Ball married Dorcas Smith, daughter of Rowland Smith and Polly (????).6 Caleb Littlefield Ball died on 9 October 1904 at Kingstown, Washington Co., RI, at age 89.4 He was buried at Elm Grove Cemetery, North Kingstown, Washington Co., RI.7
12 August 1850 Exeter, Washington Co., RI "Caleb" age 40, b. RI, farmer, with wife Dorcas and son George6
15 June 1860 Exeter, Washington Co., RI "C. L." age 43, b. RI, farmer, with wife Dorcas, and son George8
30 June 1870 Exeter, Washington Co., RI "Caleb L." age 52, b. RI, farmer, with wife Dorcas, living next to son George9
5 June 1880 Exeter, Washington Co., RI "Caleb" age 64, b. RI, farmer, with wife Dorcas10
6 June 1900 Exeter, Washington Co., RI "Caleb L." age 84, b. RI, farmer, with wife Dorcas3
Children of Caleb Littlefield Ball and Dorcas Smith
(child) Ball3
George Washington Ball+6 b. 28 Aug 1844, d. 3 Oct 1904
[S2823] William G Ball, "Dorcas (Smith) Ball - email 03," e-mail message from William G. Ball (Brookwood AL) to David G. Ball, 4 March 2016.
[S12] 1900 (June 1) U.S. Census, Exeter, Washington Co., RI, ED 232, Sheet 3A (stamped 14).
[S7] 1850 (June 1) U.S. Census, Exeter, Washington Co., RI, p. 467 (stamped 234).
[S903] Find A Grave - A User-Contributed Listing of Cemeteries and Memorials; Find A Grave Founder Jim Tipton, 2009; online at http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gs&, Elm Grove Cemetery, North Kingstown, Washington Co., RI.
[S8] 1860 (June 1) U.S. Census, Exeter, Washington Co., RI, p. 16 (back of stamped 241).
[S10] 1880 (June 1) U.S. Census, Exeter, Washington Co., RI, ED 152, p. 5 (stamped 283).
Phebe R. Ball1
Phebe R. Ball was born circa 1822 at RI.1 She was the daughter of Lyman C. Ball and Ilyndia Rose.2,3 Phebe R. Ball married Samuel S. Mott on 27 April 1842 at Bristol, Bristol Co., RI.4
14 August 1850 Bristol, Bristol Co., RI "Phebe R." age 28, b. RI, with husband, etc.1
Children of Phebe R. Ball and Samuel S. Mott
Martha Mott1 b. c 1843
John H. Mott1 b. c Dec 1849
[S7] 1850 (June 1) U.S. Census, Bristol, Bristol Co., RI, p. 42 (back of stamped 21).
[S145] Nicholas Ball, Edward Ball and Some of His Descendants.
William B. S. Ball1
M, #12965, b. August 1824
William B. S. Ball was born in August 1824 at New Shoreham, Block Island, Washington Co., RI.2,3 He was the son of Lyman C. Ball and Ilyndia Rose.4,1 William B. S. Ball married Almira Dewey circa 1860.5
20 August 1850 New Shoreham, Block Island, Newport Co., RI "William" age 25, farmer, with parents, etc.6
9 July 1860 New Shoreham, Block Island, Newport Co., RI "William B. S." age 35, b. RI, farmer, with wife Almira; living next to parents7
1 June 1865 New Shoreham, Block Island, Newport Co., RI "Wm. B. S." age 40, b. New Shoreham, farmer, with wife Almira, daughter Almira, and mother Ilyndra; living next to brother Joseph and family8
23 July 1870 New Shoreham, Block Island, Newport Co., RI "William B. S." age 45, b. RI, farmer, with wife Almira and daughters Almira and Estella9
10 June 1880 New Shoreham, Block Island, Newport Co., RI "William B. S." age 54, b. RI, farmer, with wife Almira and daughter Estella10
23 June 1900 New Shoreham, Block Island, Newport Co., RI "William B. S." age 75, b. RI, farmer, with wife Almira and daughter Estella2
Children of William B. S. Ball and Almira Dewey
Almira Dewey Ball5 b. 20 Sep 1861, d. 23 Mar 1879
Estella Lillie Ball5 b. c 1864
[S12] 1900 (June 1) U.S. Census, New Shoreham, Block Island, Newport Co., RI, ED 227, Sheet 5A (stamped 300).
[S10] 1880 (June 1) U.S. Census, New Shoreham, Block Island, Newport Co., RI, ED 87, p. 15 (stamped 39).
Joseph Ball1
M, #12966, b. 10 June 1834, d. 1 October 1918
Pedigree to immigrant Edward Ball of Block Island RI (#1)
Joseph Ball was born on 10 June 1834 at New Shoreham, Block Island, Washington Co., RI.2,3 He was the son of Lyman C. Ball and Ilyndia Rose.4,1 Joseph Ball married Josephine Ball, daughter of Noah D. Ball and Ruth W. Dodge, circa 1860.5 Joseph Ball died on 1 October 1918 at Warwick, Kent Co., RI, at age 84.6
20 August 1850 New Shoreham, Block Island, Newport Co., RI "Joseph" age 16, farmer, with parents, etc.7
9 July 1860 New Shoreham, Block Island, Newport Co., RI "Joseph" age 25, b. RI, farm laborer, with wife Josephine; living next to parents8
1 June 1865 New Shoreham, Block Island, Newport Co., RI "Joseph" age 31, b. New Shoreham, farmer, with wife Josephine and children Alverdo and Amarintha9
6 July 1870 Bristol, Bristol Co., RI "Joseph" age 35, b. RI, rubber factory worker, with wife Josephine and children Alverdo, Amarentha, and Clara10
7 June 1880 Warwick, Kent Co., RI "Joseph" age 46, b. RI, laborer, with wife Josephine and children Alverdo, Amarintha, and Clara11
4 June 1900 Warwick, Kent Co., RI "Joseph" age 65, b. RI, foundry laborer, with wife Josephine2
June 1905 Warwick, Kent Co., RI "Joseph" age 71, b. Block Island RI, married3
21 April 1910 Warwick, Kent Co., RI "Joseph" age 74, b. RI, with wife Josephine12
April 1915 Warwick, Kent Co., RI "Joseph" age 80, with wife Josephine13
Children of Joseph Ball and Josephine Ball
Alverdo Ball10 b. 14 May 1862, d. 22 Feb 1942
Lette Ball9 b. c 1864
Amarintha Ball+10 b. Sep 1865, d. 14 Jul 1927
Clara Belle Ball+10 b. 17 May 1869, d. 10 May 1915
[S12] 1900 (June 1) U.S. Census, Warwick, Kent Co., RI, ED 198, Sheet 3B (back of stamped 118).
[S3646] 1905 (June 1) Rhode Island State Census, Warwick, Kent Co., RI, ED 218, family 39.
[S145] Nicholas Ball, Edward Ball and Some of His Descendants, p. 13.
[S3640] "motleycrew42", "Taylor Family Tree," database made available on-line courtesy of "motleycrew42", https://www.ancestry.ca/family-tree/person/tree/45730803/person/312024445424/facts, database put on-line 12 Oct 2019.
[S9] 1870 (June 1) U.S. Census, Bristol, Bristol Co., RI, p. 125 (stamped 78).
[S10] 1880 (June 1) U.S. Census, Warwick, Kent Co., RI, ED 82, p. 18 (stamped 320).
[S13] 1910 (April 15) U.S. Census, Warwick, Kent Co., RI, ED 17, Sheet 3B (back of stamped 55).
[S1521] 15 April 915 Rhode Island State Census, Warwick, Kent Co., RI, ED 26.
Bartlett Ball1
Bartlett Ball was born circa 1772 at RI.2 He was the son of John Ball and Fidelia Littlefield.3,1 Bartlett Ball married Esther (????)3
22 August 1850 New Shoreham, Block Island, Newport Co., RI "Bartlett" age 78, farmer, with wife Esther and daughter Abigail2
3 July 1860 New Shoreham, Block Island, Newport Co., RI "Bartlett" age 86, b. RI, farm laborer, with wife Ester and daughter Abigail; living next to son Bartlett4
Children of Bartlett Ball and Esther (????)
Gideon Ball5
Abigail Ball5 b. c 1800, d. 25 Aug 1886
Bartlett Ball+3 b. c 1816, d. 22 Oct 1861
Thankful A. Ball+3 b. c 1820, d. 2 Apr 1894
[S145] Nicholas Ball, compiler, Edward Ball and Some of His Descendants (Newport, R.I.: Mercury Print, 1891), page 8.
[S7] 1850 (June 1) U.S. Census, New Shoreham, Newport, RI, p. 10 (back of stamped 5).
[S8] 1860 (June 1) U.S. Census, New Shoreham, Block Island, Newport Co., RI, p. 9 (stamped 332).
Esther (????)1
Esther (????) was born circa 1778 at ME.1 She married Bartlett Ball, son of John Ball and Fidelia Littlefield.2
22 August 1850 New Shoreham, Block Island, Newport Co., RI "Ester" age 72, with husband, etc.3
3 July 1860 New Shoreham, Block Island, Newport Co., RI "Esther" age 86, b. ME, wtih husband, etc.4
Children of Esther (????) and Bartlett Ball
M, #12969, b. circa 1816, d. 22 October 1861
Bartlett Ball was born circa 1816 at RI.2 He was the son of Bartlett Ball and Esther (????)1 Bartlett Ball married Lucinda Pocock circa 1842.3 Bartlett Ball died on 22 October 1861.2 He was buried at Old Cemetery, Block Island, Washington Co., RI.2
22 August 1850 New Shoreham, Block Island, Newport Co., RI "Bartlett Jr." age 34, farmer, with wife Lucinda, and children: Noyes, Charles, and Marian, and Lavina4
3 July 1860 New Shoreham, Block Island, Newport Co., RI "Bartlett Jr." age 46, b. RI, farmer, with wife Lucinda and children Noyes, Charles, Laura, Charlotte, Emma, and Mary; living next to parents and next to sister Thankful5
Children of Bartlett Ball and Lucinda Pocock
Lavina Ball3 b. c 1843
Noyes Ball+4 b. Mar 1845, d. 1925
Charles Ball+4 b. 22 Jun 1847, d. 28 Jan 1911
Laura Marian Ball4 b. 29 Apr 1848, d. 20 Dec 1912
Charlotte Ball5 b. c 1852
Emma Ball5 b. c 1853
Mary Lucretia Ball+5 b. 26 Apr 1856, d. 25 Mar 1935
Lydia Ann Ball+6 b. c 1861
[S156] Rhode Island Historical Cemeteries Database Index, made available on-line at www.newenglandancestors.org by New England Historic Genealogical Society (index compiled by John Sterling. "Rhode Island Historical Cemeteries Database Index," 2003), database courtesy of transcriptions by volunteers of Rhode Island Historical Cemeteries Transcription Project.
[S7] 1850 (June 1) U.S. Census, New Shoreham, Newport, RI, p. 9 (stamped 5).
[S9] 1870 (June 1) U.S. Census, New Shoreham, Block Island, Newport Co., RI, p. 6 (back of stamped 558).
Thankful A. Ball1
F, #12970, b. circa 1820, d. 2 April 1894
Thankful A. Ball was born circa 1820 at RI.2 She was the daughter of Bartlett Ball and Esther (????)1 Thankful A. Ball married John S. Ball, son of Samuel Ball and Margaret Mitchell, circa 1838. Thankful A. Ball died on 2 April 1894 at New Shoreham, Block Island, Washington Co., RI.2
22 August 1850 New Shoreham, Block Island, Newport Co., RI "Thankful" age 30, with husband, etc.3
3 July 1860 New Shoreham, Block Island, Newport Co., RI "Thankful A." age 47, b. RI, with husband, etc.4
29 June 1870 New Shoreham, Block Island, Newport Co., RI "Thankful A." age 58, b. RI, with husband, etc.5
11 June 1880 New Shoreham, Block Island, Newport Co., RI "Thankful A." age 61, b. RI, with husband6
Children of Thankful A. Ball and John S. Ball
Charlotte M. Ball2 b. c 1839, d. 2 May 1849
Samuel Ball3 b. c 1842
Mary A. Ball3 b. c 1844, d. 5 Apr 1886
John E. Ball+3 b. Sep 1849
[S8] 1860 (June 1) U.S. Census, New Shoreham, Block Island, Newport Co., RI, p. 10 (back of stamped 332).
[S10] 1880 (June 1) U.S. Census, New Shoreham, Block Island, Newport Co., RI, ED 87, p. 16 (back of stamped 39).
John S. Ball1
M, #12971, b. circa 1812, d. 24 January 1886
John S. Ball was born circa 1812 at RI.2 He was the son of Samuel Ball and Margaret Mitchell.1 John S. Ball married Thankful A. Ball, daughter of Bartlett Ball and Esther (????), circa 1838. John S. Ball died on 24 January 1886.3
22 August 1850 New Shoreham, Block Island, Newport Co., RI "John S." age 35, fisherman, with wife Thankful and children: Samuel, Mary and John Jr.4
3 July 1860 New Shoreham, Block Island, Newport Co., RI "John" age 47, b. RI, farm laborer, with wife Thankful and children Mary and John5
29 June 1870 New Shoreham, Block Island, Newport Co., RI "John" age 58, b. RI, farmer and fisherman, with wife Thankful, daughter Mary and son John and wife Eliza2
11 June 1880 New Shoreham, Block Island, Newport Co., RI "John" age 69, b. RI, fisherman, with wife Thankful; living near son John and family6
Children of John S. Ball and Thankful A. Ball
Joseph Sheffield Ball1
M, #12972, b. circa 1768, d. circa 1852
Joseph Sheffield Ball was born circa 1768 at RI.2 He was the son of John Ball and Fidelia Littlefield.1 Joseph Sheffield Ball married Mary Freelove Mitchell. Joseph Sheffield Ball died circa 1852.1
Schuyler Lake, Otsego Co., NY 3
1830 Exeter, Otsego Co., NY
27 August 1850 Exeter, Otsego Co., NY "Joseph" Age 82, b. RI, with wife "Freelove" and children Orville and Amanda; living next to son John and family2
Children of Joseph Sheffield Ball and Mary Freelove Mitchell
Joseph W. Ball+1 b. 9 Mar 1812, d. 26 Oct 1877
Lydia P. Ball3 b. 12 Dec 1815, d. 9 Oct 1846
John W. Ball+1 b. c 1821, d. 14 Jun 1909
Rhoda Robinson Ball+4 b. c 1825
Amanda M. Ball3 b. c 1827, d. 1917
Chancellor S. Ball1 b. c 1831
Ogilvie Devillo Ball+2 b. 4 Feb 1840
[S7] 1850 (June 1) U.S. Census, Exeter, Otsego Co., NY, p. 61 (stamped 31).
[S7] 1850 (June 1) U.S. Census, Exeter, Otsego Co., NY, p. 74 (back of stamped 37).
Mary Freelove Mitchell1
Mary Freelove Mitchell was born circa 1788 at RI.2 She married Joseph Sheffield Ball, son of John Ball and Fidelia Littlefield.
27 August 1850 Exeter, Otsego Co., NY "Freelove" age 62, b. RI, with husband, etc.2
23 July 1860 Hartwick, Otsego Co., NY "Frelove" age 72, b. RI, living with daughter Rhoda Losee and family3
Children of Mary Freelove Mitchell and Joseph Sheffield Ball
[S8] 1860 (June 1) U.S. Census, Hartwick, Otsego Co., NY, p. 31.
Joseph W. Ball1
M, #12974, b. 9 March 1812, d. 26 October 1877
Joseph W. Ball was born on 9 March 1812 at NY.2 He was the son of Joseph Sheffield Ball and Mary Freelove Mitchell.1 Joseph W. Ball married Miranda (????)3 Joseph W. Ball married Freelove (????)4 Joseph W. Ball died on 26 October 1877 at Ilion, Herkimer Co., NY, at age 65.2
28 August 1850 Exeter, Otsego Co., NY "Joseph W." age 38, b. NY, farmer, with wife Miranda and son Willard; living near brother Chancellor3
20 June 1860 Exeter, Otsego Co., NY "Joseph W." age 48, b. NY, farmer, with second wife Freelove and son Willard4
30 June 1870 German Flatts, Herkimer Co., NY "Joseph W." age 58, b. NY, with second wife Freelove and children Lois and Joseph5
Child of Joseph W. Ball and Miranda (????)
Willard M. Ball3 b. c 1846, d. 15 Mar 1921
Children of Joseph W. Ball and Freelove (????)
Lois Ball5 b. c 1862
Joseph P. Ball5 b. c 1866
[S8] 1860 (June 1) U.S. Census, Exeter, Otsego Co., NY, p. 30.
[S9] 1870 (June 1) U.S. Census, German Flatts, Herkimer Co., NY, p. 66 (back of stamped 133).
John W. Ball1
M, #12975, b. circa 1821, d. 14 June 1909
John W. Ball was born circa 1821 at NY.2,3 He was the son of Joseph Sheffield Ball and Mary Freelove Mitchell.1 John W. Ball married Susan M. Willis on 29 April 1843.4 John W. Ball died on 14 June 1909 at NY.3,4 He was buried at Exeter Center Cemetery, Exeter, Otsego Co., NY.3
27 August 1850 Exeter, Otsego Co., NY "John" age 28, b. NY, farmer, with wife Susan and son John; living next to father2
7 July 1870 Exeter, Otsego Co., NY "John W." age 46, b. NY, farmer, with wife Susan and children John and Flora5
8 June 1880 Exeter, Otsego Co., NY "John W." age 57, b. NY, farmer, with wife Susan6
9 June 1900 Exeter, Otsego Co., NY "John W." age 77, b. NY, farmer, with wife Susan and son John and family7
Children of John W. Ball and Susan M. Willis
John Willis Ball+2 b. c 1850, d. 1904
Flora Ball3 b. c 1859, d. 1875
[S461] Harry E. of Attleboro MA Bolton, "Incriptions in Exeter Center Cemetery in the Town of Exeter, Otsego Co., N.Y.," The New England Historical and Genealogical Register, Vol. 111, pp. 299-309 (1957).
[S9] 1870 (June 1) U.S. Census, Exeter, Otsego Co., NY, p. 10 (back of stamped 117).
[S10] 1880 (June 1) U.S. Census, Exeter, Otsego Co., NY, ED 98, p. 15 (stamped 101).
[S12] 1900 (June 1) U.S. Census, Exeter, Otsego Co., NY, ED 114, Sheet 3B (back of stamped 77).
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Utah's Lt. Gov. Cox Defends Comparing Abortion to Slavery After Backlash
"To compare the brutal enslavement of Black Americans to a woman's constitutionally protected right is offensive," said Utah Rep. Sandra Hollins.
Man Implants Tesla Key In His Hand So He Can Unlock His Car With a Wave
Ben Workman, of Springville, Utah, has cybernetic implants, which are computer chips embedded under the skin that allow you to perform different functions.
Woman May Have Kept Dead Husband In Freezer for Social Payments Say Police
Paul Edward Mathers' body was discovered soon after his wife Jeanne Souron-Mathers, 75, was found dead at a retirement village in Tooele, Utah.
Snowboarder Dies After Being Buried in Avalanche He Accidentally Triggered
A 45-year-old man died after he was caught in an avalanche as he headed down the slope of Dutch Draw in Park City, Utah.
Utah vs. Oregon: Pac-12 Championship Game Preview
A win for Utah would clinch a first conference title and give the Utes a great shot to reach the College Football Playoff.
Video Captures Man Driving With on Interstate While Playing Trumpet
A teenager captured bizarre footage of a man driving down I-15 in Utah with both hands off the wheel while playing a trumpet and looking away from the road.
College Football: Where to Watch Championship Games
Championship Week begins on Friday night, when Utah and Oregon collide for the Pac-12 title, with a further nine games scheduled for Saturday.
Cyberstalker Sent Prostitutes, Locksmiths and Tow Trucks to Victim's Home
A Hawaii man is accused of harassing a North Salt Lake family for more than a year, sending them unwanted services and sending death threats to their daughter.
Utah Teacher Fired After Telling Child 'Homosexuality Is Wrong'
"The substitute teacher was giving her very clear opinion, two men is wrong, homosexuality is wrong, and so you can imagine that set us off, and we are not letting this go," said dad Louis Van Amstel.
Hawaii Cyberstalker Sent Hundreds of People to Utah Family for Over a Year
At the peak of the visits, as many as 20 people were turning up at the house every day.
Man's Body Found in Woman's Freezer May Have Been There For Over a Decade
The elderly woman has been identified as Jeanne Souron-Mathers. "I've been here for 13 years and this is one of the strangest cases. We've never had anything like this," said police sgt. Jeremy Hansen.
5-Year-Old Girl Punctures Throat After Falling While Brushing Her Teeth
The girl had been jumping on her bed in her home in West Valley City, Utah, before falling forward and impaling herself.
Woman Could Be Forced to Register as Sex Offender for Being Topless at Home
The attorney for a woman who could face jail time and being forced to register as a sex offender for going topless in her own home claims that the law is unfair and discriminatory against women.
More Than 13 Million Under Flash Flood Advisory in the U.S.
Flash flooding is expected in several parts near the West Coast, including most of Arizona and some parts of Southern California, which has seen its first significant rainfall since May.
Dashcam Video Shows Plane Crash That Left Two People in Critical Condition
The single-engine aircraft crashed into a billboard on the shoulder of a highway in Utah soon after it had left Ogden-Hinckley Airport.
College Football Playoff Rankings: Week 13 Predictions
LSU, Ohio State, Clemson and Georgia should again make the top four of the CFP, while Oregon and UCLA are closing in on a playoff spot.
Utah Man Asks Police for Assistance in Stealing Woman's House
A Utah man tried to steal an elderly woman's vacant home from her with squatter's tactics and incriminating emails.
Mormon Bishop Charged With Possession of Child Pornography in Utah
An LDS bishop charged with possession of child pornography allegedly told investigators the children in the images were "not real."
Mormon Financial Scammer Sentenced to 14 Years in Prison
Rick Koerber, who became infamous in Utah for his "Free Capitalist" real estate investment seminars, has been given 14 years in federal prison for running what prosecutors called a Ponzi scheme.
Conversion Therapy Ban on Track in Utah Despite Objections from Mormons
Proposed amendments from the Church of Latter-Day Saints are not likely to prevent a ban on conversion therapy in Utah.
Utah Church Members Sent to Hospital With Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Firefighters later isolated the leak—which caused dozens to be evacuated and 13 sent to hospital—as coming from a boiler.
Kanye West Says Not Liking Trump Because of Race Alone is 'Mental Slavery'
"You're black, so you can't like Trump. I ain't never made a decision only based off my color," the rapper said during his "Sunday Service" tour in Salt Lake City yesterday.
Man Who Threatened Mass Shooting Was 'Extremely Lonely'
Christopher W. Cleary is serving jail time for threatening a mass shooting in Utah. Appearing before a parole board, he said that loneliness spurred him to make the threats.
Alleged Serial Rapist Arrested for Crimes Dating Back to 1991
Mark Douglas Burns, 69, was charged with alleged crimes including eight counts of aggravated sexual assault on Wednesday. Police say the man is a serial rapist they have sought for crimes dating back to 1991.
Utah Woman Discovers Intruder Watching Her Sleep
Tyra Jones was arrested in Moab, Utah, after a woman reported finding her in her bedroom, staring at her as she slept.
Utah Woman Calls 911 to Report Herself as Drunk Driver
Breanna Dawn Hernandez is suspected to have drunk nearly an entire bottle of whiskey before the phone call.
Utah Mother Tries to Evade Police Checks by Posing as Her Daughter, Fails
Heather Elaine Garcia, 38, told police officers during a traffic stop that she was named Mercedes and born in 1998. But a records check quickly showed that all was not as it seemed.
Ed Smart, Father of Kidnapping Survivor Elizabeth Smart, Comes Out as Gay
In a now-deleted Facebook post, Smart came out, and said that he was divorcing his wife; he said coming out was a "huge relief"
Bear Attacks Sleeping Teen in Utah, Bites His Face
The teen was camping at a site near the Colorado River in Utah, the state Division of Wildlife Resources said.
Swarms of Stink Bugs Invade Southern Utah: 'Never Seen Anything Like This'
The invasion of insects in the state follows similar events in Las Vegas, Nevada and southern Idaho over recent weeks.
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By George Saunders
The New Yorker, July 28, 1997 P. 66
Neil Yaniky is attending a seminar at the Hyatt put on by self-help guru Tom Rodgers. Everyone wears different-colored hats designating their levels. On a stage, an actor playing "You" tries to reach an actress labelled "Inner Peace," and is prevented by "Whiny," "Disappointed," Insecure," and others. A masked Gold Hat drags the human obstacles to a paper jail. He says, "I just liberated You from those who would keep him from Inner Peace." He gets everyone to say the mantra: "Now Is the Time for Me to Win!" The Gold Hat rips off his mask: it is Tom Rodgers himself. He describes his two concepts. The first one is oatmeal: "This represents your soul in its pure state." Concept No. 2 is "crap." People who are destructive are crapping in your oatmeal. Rodgers talks about his brother, Gene, in a wheelchair after a motorcycle accident: "I found the inner strength to say to Gene, 'Stop crapping in my oatmeal, Gene, I'm simply not going to participate.' ...Today I'll be guiding you through my Three Essential Steps: Identification, Screening, Confrontation. First, we'll identify your personal Gene. Second, we'll help you mentally install a metaphorical Screen over your symbolic oatmeal. Finally, we'll show you how to Confront your personal Gene." Everyone lines up at the tents labelled Personal Change Centers. Neil Yaniky is a tiny man, nearly thirty, balding on top and on the sides, chewing his mustache. He solders little triangular things in his basement, for forty-seven cents apiece, for CompuParts, although he hopes for something better. In the tent, Rodgers asks him to write the name of his personal Gene and the major way in which the person is crapping in his oatmeal on an erasable marker board mourned in a dummy's chest. Yaniky writes, "Winky: Crazy-looking and too religious and needs her own place." Rodgers convinces him that the main thing is for Winky (Neil's sister) to move out, and that Neil has to tell her the truth. Yaniky hits the dummy with the baseball bat Rodgers gives him, and Rodgers hugs him. He gives him a sub-mantra: "Out you go!" Yaniky is very moved. Vicki, a Gold Hat with a reconstructed face, rehearses his confrontation with him. Meanwhile, Winky is at home cleaning up and preparing a tea for "Neil-Neil," carrying a strip of broken molding under her arm and a dirty sock over her shoulder. She dreams of making a singing album about God. She changes into a green top, because Neil once asked her if it was new. She thinks of her father: "Sometimes he used to swear and sometimes he used to drink ...[but] when he sang "Peace in the Valley" you could tell he felt things would be better beyond." Her little party for Neil is "one tiny installment on the huge huge party he deserved, her brother, her pal to the end, the only loving soul she had yet found in this world." The doorbell rings; Neil is home. She says, "Welcome home!" bowing at the waist, and the sock falls off her shoulder. On the way home, Yaniky was imagining going into shops with his sexy wife, pointing out items with his riding crop to be loaded into his waiting Benz. He thinks, "the world had shit on Dad, but it wasn't going to shit on him." Winky's roommates had kicked her out, calling him in secret, and her preacher had demanded she stop volunteering so much. When he gets home and she picks up the fallen sock, banging her head, he feels himself weakening. "He wasn't powerful, he wasn't great, he was ...less than everybody else ...he'd been cursed with a bad Dad and a bad Ma and a bad sister ...the years ahead stretched out bleak and joyless in his imagination and his chest went suddenly dense with rage." Winky asks if anything is wrong, and he wants "to smack her, insult her, say something to wake her up, but only kept moving toward his room, calling her terrible names under his breath."
Published in the print edition of the July 28, 1997, issue.
George Saunders first contributed to The New Yorker in 1992. His book “Lincoln in the Bardo: A Novel” won the Man Booker Prize in 2017.
Get book recommendations, fiction, poetry, and dispatches from the world of literature in your in-box. Sign up for the Books & Fiction newsletter.
The Shadow Commander
By Dexter Filkins
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Peripheral circulatory conditions
Subfascial endoscopic perforator vein surgery
Interventional procedures guidance [IPG59] Published date: May 2004
Interventional procedure consultation document - subfascial endoscopic perforator vein surgery (SEPS)
NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR CLINICAL EXCELLENCE
Interventional Procedure Consultation Document
Subfascial endoscopic perforator vein surgery (SEPS)
The National Institute for Clinical Excellence is examining subfascial endoscopic perforator vein surgery and will publish guidance on its safety and efficacy to the NHS in England and Wales. The Institute's Interventional Procedures Advisory Committee has considered the available evidence and the views of Specialist Advisors, who are consultants with knowledge of the procedure. The Advisory Committee has made provisional recommendations about subfascial endoscopic perforator vein surgery.
This document has been prepared for public consultation. It summarises the procedure and sets out the provisional recommendations made by the Advisory Committee.
Note that this document is not the Institute's formal guidance on this procedure. The recommendations are provisional and may change after consultation.
The process that the Institute will follow after the consultation period ends is as follows.
The Advisory Committee will meet again to consider the original evidence and its provisional recommendations in the light of the comments received during consultation.
The Advisory Committee will then prepare the Final Interventional Procedure Document (FIPD) and submit it to the Institute.
The FIPD may be used as the basis for the Institute's guidance on the use of the procedure in the NHS in England and Wales.
For further details, see the Interim Guide to the Interventional Procedures Programme, which is available from the Institute's website (www.nice.org.uk/ip).
Closing date for comments: 27 January 2004
Target date for publication of guidance: April 2004
Note that this document is not the Institute's guidance on this procedure. The recommendations are provisional and may change after consultation.
1 Provisional recommendations
Current evidence on the safety and efficacy of subfascial endoscopic perforator vein surgery (SEPS) does not appear adequate for this procedure to be used without special arrangements for consent and for audit or research.
Clinicians wishing to undertake SEPS should:
inform the clinical governance leads in their Trusts.
ensure that patients understand the uncertainty about the procedure's safety and efficacy and should provide them with clear written information. Use of the Institute's Information for the Public is recommended.
audit and review clinical outcomes of all patients having SEPS. Publication of safety and efficacy outcomes will be useful in reducing the current uncertainty. The Institute may review the procedure upon publication of further evidence.
2 The procedure
2.1 Indications
The procedure is used for patients with either healed or active ulcers (CEAP1 classifications 5 or 6) caused by chronic venous insufficiency where conservative management has failed. Deep venous occlusion and/or infected ulcers are usually contraindications to SEPS.
SEPS has also been used for patients with post-thrombotic valvular incompetence, but there is now evidence that this particular group of patients may have poorer outcomes following SEPS, compared with patients with primary valvular incompetence.
SEPS is a minimally invasive alternative to open subfascial perforator vein surgery.
2.2 Outline of the procedure
Preoperative evaluation is performed by duplex scanning of the superficial, deep and perforator venous systems to diagnose both valvular incompetence and obstruction. At operation the limb is exsanguinated and two endoscopic ports are placed in the subfascial space in the calf at sites remote from the area of venous ulceration. A space-maker balloon is introduced and inflated in this subfascial space to improve access. Carbon dioxide is then insufflated to facilitate dissection. The incompetent perforating veins are clipped and divided with endoscopic scissors or, alternatively, coagulated and divided with an ultrasonic coagulator (harmonic scalpel).
2.3 Efficacy
One randomised controlled trial (RCT), two non-randomised comparative studies and two uncontrolled studies were reviewed. The studies showed great potential for bias: there were large losses to follow-up, considerable discrepancies in length of follow-up between SEPS and open procedure groups, and uncertainties about patient selection. The studies that compared SEPS with open procedures found ulcer-healing to be 85% (17/20 patients) to 90% (18/20 patients) in the SEPS groups and 100% (18/18 and 19/19 patients) in the open procedure groups. Ulcer recurrence rates in these studies were 12% (2/17 patients) to 28% (5/18 patients) in the SEPS groups and 22% (4/18 patients) to 68% (13/19 patients) in the open procedure groups. For more details, refer to the sources of evidence (see Appendix).
The Specialist Advisors considered the efficacy of this procedure to be unproven. They also noted that the indications for SEPS are not well established.
2.4 Safety
The results of the RCT showed a considerably lower wound infection rate in the SEPS group of 0% (0/20 patients), compared with the open procedure group's rate of 53% (10/19 patients). This trial was closed early because the high rate of wound infection in the open procedure group made it unethical to continue. One of the non-randomised comparative studies also found the wound complication rate to be lower in the SEPS group (2/27 patients) when compared with the open procedure group (13/29 patients). For more details, refer to the sources of evidence (see Appendix).
Other reported complications of the SEPS procedure included nerve injury and deep vein thrombosis (DVT). The reported incidence of nerve injury ranged from 0% (0/20 patients) to 7% (2/30 patients); and DVT ranged from 0% (0/27 patients) to 14% (21/146 limbs). The study that reported 14% incidence of DVT originally had a total of 254 patients, of which data from only 130 patients (146 limbs) were analysed due to high loss to follow-up. In this study, DVTs occurred in 2 patients directly after surgery and in an additional 19 patients during the follow-up period. For more details, refer to the sources of evidence (see Appendix).
The Specialist Advisors noted safety concerns similar to those reported in the studies: wound infection, nerve injury, DVT and haematoma.
2.5 Other comments
The Advisory Committee commented that the indications for this procedure are uncertain, and that careful patient selection is particularly important.
Christopher Bunch
Vice-Chairman, Interventional Procedures Advisory Committee
Appendix: Sources of evidence
The following document, which summarises the evidence, was considered by the Interventional Procedures Advisory Committee when making its provisional recommendations.
Interventional Procedure Overview of subfascial endoscopic perforator vein surgery, November 2002
Available from: www.nice.org.uk/ip088overview
1CEAP is a standardised classification system for rating the severity of venous disease where 'C' is for clinical signs, 'E' is for etiologic classification, 'A' is for anatomic distribution and 'P' is for pathophysiologic dysfunction.
This page was last updated: 02 February 2011
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