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Monograph Reports
>MR-1821
Measuring Changes in Service Costs to Meet the Requirements of the 2002 National Defense Authorization Act
by Chad Shirley, John A. Ausink, Laura H. Baldwin
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The 2002 National Defense Authorization Act set goals for the Department of Defense to achieve savings in service contract expenditures over a ten-year period through changes in contracting practices and improvements in management techniques. The authors of this report investigated ways to measure whether the Air Force is achieving these cost-reduction goals. Measurement of changes in the cost of purchased services over time first requires defining a clear universe of those services. A successful service cost methodology then must control for changes in the nature of services purchased over time and estimate what those services would have cost in a given year in the absence of changes in contracting practices and management techniques. The Act requires the measurements to be reported not only historically but also forecast up to five years into the future. The authors recommend how best to implement each element of the legislative requirement among services that have stable demand. Statistical analyses can then extrapolate savings estimates to those with less stable demand.
Reducing the Cost of Purchased Services: How Can the Air Force Measure Success?
Methodology to Measure Changes in Costs over Time
Planning Data - the Planning, Programming, and Budgeting System (PPBS)
Research conducted by
The research reported here was sponsored by the United States Air Force and conducted within RAND Project AIR FORCE.
This report is part of the RAND Corporation monograph report series. The monograph/report was a product of the RAND Corporation from 1993 to 2003. RAND monograph/reports presented major research findings that addressed the challenges facing the public and private sectors. They included executive summaries, technical documentation, and synthesis pieces.
Permission is given to duplicate this electronic document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Copies may not be duplicated for commercial purposes. Unauthorized posting of RAND PDFs to a non-RAND Web site is prohibited. RAND PDFs are protected under copyright law. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit the RAND Permissions page.
The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit institution that helps improve policy and decisionmaking through research and analysis. RAND's publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors.
Copyright: RAND Corporation
Print Format: Paperback
Paperback Pages: 54
Paperback ISBN/EAN: 0-8330-3516-9
Document Number: MR-1821-AF
Series: Monograph Reports
RAND Corporation Style Manual
Shirley, Chad, John A. Ausink, and Laura H. Baldwin, Measuring Changes in Service Costs to Meet the Requirements of the 2002 National Defense Authorization Act. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 2004. https://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/MR1821.html. Also available in print form.
Shirley, Chad, John A. Ausink, and Laura H. Baldwin, Measuring Changes in Service Costs to Meet the Requirements of the 2002 National Defense Authorization Act, Santa Monica, Calif.: RAND Corporation, MR-1821-AF, 2004. As of January 20, 2020: https://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/MR1821.html
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Rap-Up TV
5.9.2018 News
Jaden Smith’s ‘Icon’ Goes Gold
Jaden Smith is a gold-certified “Icon.”
The Recording Industry Association of America awarded Smith with a gold certification after his SYRE single moved 500,000 units. Roc Nation President Benny Pough and President of A&R Tyran “TyTy” Smith presented Smith with the award.
“I’m so happy that you guys allow me to be just me and give that to the world,” said Jaden. “That’s all I ever wanted to do.”
Following the presentation, Jaden celebrated on the red carpet at Monday’s Met Gala. He showed up to fashion’s big night with his gold plaque in hand.
@c.syresmith's single, #ICON is officially certified Gold! Watch the intimate plaque presentation at #RocNation.
A post shared by Roc Nation (@rocnation) on May 9, 2018 at 2:30pm PDT
During a recent visit to “The Tonight Show,” Smith revealed that “Icon” almost didn’t get released as a single. “That wasn’t supposed to be the single,” he explained. “I did a whole production for a whole ‘nother video that was supposed to be the video. Last second, we got the edit back and they were like, ‘We can’t even see your face rapping. We didn’t shoot it correctly. It can’t come out.'”
In February, Jaden’s famous father Will Smith celebrated his son’s 100 million streams by making his own version of the video. Big Willie’s parody wound up going viral.
Last year, Jaden dropped his debut SYRE. Now, he is prepping the follow-up ERYS, which is expected this year.
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https://www.middletownpress.com/opinion/article/Robert-Miller-How-squirrels-and-oaks-help-each-14437988.php
Robert Miller: How squirrels and oaks help each other
Published 12:00 am EDT, Sunday, September 15, 2019
A Eastern gray squirrel nibbles a nut while perched on a tree in the Cos Cob section of Greenwich in the spring this year.
Photo: Tyler Sizemore / Hearst Connecticut Media
Bushy-tailed and cute, able to leap from tree to tree in a single bound and raid any bird feeder ever invented, gray squirrels are omnipresent in our woods, backyards and city parks. There may be more mice in the grass, but squirrels are the rodents we see, and like.
“Even in city parks, people are used to squirrels,” said urban wildlife biologist Laura Simon. “If they saw a raccoon, they’d freak out.”
But now, and throughout the fall, gray squirrels do that which they seldom get credit for — they help regenerate forests.
“They are little farmers,” said Ann Taylor, executive director of New Pond Farm Education Center in Redding.
They do this by industriously caching acorns and other nuts, building up their winter food stock in hidden depots throughout the woods.
But because they never eat all the food they put away, the acorns they leave on the forest plate can germinate in the spring, often far away from the parent tree.
So if Connecticut’s oak forests came back after the settlers cut most of the state’s trees down the in the first half of the 19th century, we have squirrels and blue jays — another species that plays cache — to thank.
And this year, they may be very busy. Based on anecdotal observations, it appears to be a mast year, when oak and other nut trees produce a huge crop of fruit, the better to make sure that seedlings get established somewhere.
“Definitely,” said Sean McNamara owner of the Redding Nursery when asked f he was seeing a lot of acorns this year. “It’s definitely a stronger year than last year.”
“I’m looking at the oak tree outside my window,” said Paul Elconin, land conservation director for the Kent-based Weantinoge Heritage Land Trust “It’s totally overloaded.”
“I’ve seen a lot in my backyard,” said Jenny Dickson, director of the wildlife division of the state Department of Energy and Environmental Protection.
That’s important for the entire ecosystem.
“Oak acorns are a keystone food source,” said Jeff Ward, forester with the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station in New Haven. “Deer, turkeys, chipmunks, mice, red squirrels, gray squirrels, flying squirrels — they all depend on acorns.”
In turn, so do predators who eat acorn-fattened prey, including coyotes, bobcats, foxes, hawks, and owls. They’ll thrive in turn.
Oak mast years aren’t entirely understood. It’s unclear what signals an oak tree to go nuts one year and skimp the next.
The DEEP’s Dickson said there are regular boom-and-bust cycles for oaks. But, she said, weather conditions like prolonged droughts, can alter those cycles.
“If the trees are stressed, they won’t put their energy into reproduction,” she said.
Those stresses can also include diseases and insect infestations, said Eric Hammerling, executive director of the Connecticut Forest and Park Association. Climate change may be a factor as well, he said.
Which is why squirrels aren’t just adorable. They’re important in helping oaks — a species in decline — spread in the woods.
“When acorns fall, they fall straight down,” Simon said. “They need transport.”
In turn, oaks and squirrels need each other. The year after an acorn mast year, when they’ve eaten their fill, gotten healthy and had lots of offspring, there are a lot of gray squirrels running around.
Conversely, when the acorn crop fails, squirrels have a rocky time of it. Their numbers crash and they get desperate. In 1933, people witnessed hundreds of gray squirrels swimming across the Connecticut River, presumably to find food.
As anyone who has seen them in January, chowing down on a bird feeder’s black-oiled sunflower seeds, gray squirrels don’t hibernate.
In winter, they use their sense of smell to find the nuts they’ve cached under the snow. They’re crepuscular — most active in the early morning and late afternoon.
And they’re selective. Researchers have found gray squirrels will eat the acorns from white oaks as soon as they find them, while caching acorns from red oaks for use during the winter.
This may be because white oak acorns start germinating as soon as they hit the ground, while red oak acorns wait until spring to begin growing. So one is best to eat right away, the other to save until later.
And the reason for their lovability? Is it their cunning, pert-eared faces? Their acrobatics?
Simon said it’s that lovely, silvery, smoky tail. Eat your heart out, opossums.
“If they had a naked tail, it would be a different story,” she said.
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RenewAmerica.com January 21, 2020 Click here to receive our twice-weekly Newsletter
Joan Swirsky column
Joan Swirsky (www.joanswirsky.com) is a New York-based journalist and author who wrote for the NY Times for over 20 years. She has been writing columns on conservative issues for various internet sites for the past 30 years. She can be reached at joanswirsky@
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Now This Is 40
Rebecca Romijn is that rare actress who doesn't sprint to a plastic surgeon when a wrinkle appears. So what keeps her looking so amazing? Gratitude, happiness, and hard work. Get a sneak peak at her cover interview now.
By Kate Sullivan
On how she and husband Jerry O'Connell are team of two without a full-time nanny
"We're each other's assistants. We pick up each other's slack. Whoever is less busy helps the busier one: 'Can you go pick this up for me?' or 'Can you book my flight?' That's what real life is. Once you start paying somebody else to do the grunt work, who are you?"
"Aging has never been scary to me. I've always admired my mom's lines—she has a beautiful, laughter-filled face. I've always thought that was attractive."
On why she wasn't concerned about her weight or her body changing while pregnant
"I wasn't worried—you've gotta feather that nest! Afterward, I was nursing for six months. When you're a new mother, your body doesn't belong to you for a while. You have to check your vanity at the door."
Joe Bussink
On how often she gets called "Rebecca Romijn-Stamos"
"Oh my God, it happened to me last night!"
More from Rebecca
For more from the actress, pick up the August issue of REDBOOK—on newsstands July 9th—or download the iPad edition here.
Little Pockets of Coolness in Toronto
Rebecca Romijn : Now This is 40
Rebecca Romijn Is the Latest Celeb to Get Bobbed
These 26 Photos Show There's No One Way to Be Beautiful
16 Photos of a Biracial Woman Photoshopped to Look "Beautiful"
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Why I Bought Myself an Engagement Ring
Well, someone had to.
By Jo Piazza
"I bought myself an engagement ring in Tanzania," I emailed a group of my girlfriends, mainly for effect.
I knew it would give them something to talk about the next time they met up for drinks without me. My girlfriends love to gossip. They're bitches like that.
They particularly love to gossip about me, the last woman standing in our group of college friends, the only one who didn't get married last year.
"Poor Jo! She travels all the time. How is she ever going to find a husband?"
"She should have just married the last guy."
Maybe I should have, but I didn't. And so I bought myself an engagement ring at the Four Seasons in the Serengeti during a trip nice enough to be a honeymoon even though it wasn't.
I've been the managing editor of Yahoo Travel since April, which is about how long I've been single. I love the idea of marriage. I love it so much that when I finally do it I want it to last forever. My ex-boyfriend was my best friend, but he wasn't my husband.
Now I am single and 34. I have my dream job, one that has allowed me to travel to 12 countries in the past nine months, telling stories all over the globe. It's such a dream that some days I don't even think it's real. I'm convinced that I will wake up one morning and Richard Dawson will pop out of my closet to tell me this isn't my life at all. Rather, I've been on a Japanese reality show for the better part of a year and now is the bit where I'm locked in a house with nudists.
Earlier this year I published an amazing nonfiction book about nuns called If Nuns Ruled the World, and in May I have a new novel coming out.
Like I said, it all seems like a dream. And yet, my friends are very concerned I will end up a spinster, and that has left a large black mark on my otherwise remarkable existence.
"Maybe you should have just gotten married. It's better to be divorced than never married."
"Are you gay?"
"There's nothing wrong with settling."
There is a lot wrong with settling. If anyone taught me that, it was the 10 nuns I interviewed over the past three years. Each of them is ostensibly single (technically married to Jesus, but he isn't around all that much). They chose a life that diverted from the norm of marriage followed by kids, and each of the women I profiled told me she has absolutely no regrets. They all live each day to the fullest. They followed their passions. They fight for causes that actually change our world. But they're nuns, not single agnostic New Yorkers, so being single is OK.
I have been on a total of one dating-website date since my breakup. It was one of those apps that tries to be discerning by connecting you only with friends of friends of your dry cleaner to ensure you're not meeting for coffee with someone who's a secret serial killer or, God forbid, didn't attend an elite university.
This gentleman actually went to my college, four years ahead of me. He worked in finance, was shorter than advertised, and at one point leaned in to smell me.
"Have you been married?" he asked me, before I even had a sip of my machiatto.
"Nope."
"I am."
"But why?"
"Excuse me?"
"I mean, you're really pretty and you seem nice. Why haven't you been married?"
"Oh, I'm crazy," I replied. He didn't get my sarcasm or another date.
The fact that my date needed to pinpoint my fatal flaw in order to discern why no man had tied me down shook me up for a few days. What if my bitchy friends were right, and having failed at one marriage actually set you up for success in nailing down the next one?
I'm actually a hopeless romantic. I get that dating is a numbers game (now more than ever in the age of Match, Tinder, OkCupid, Hinge, etc.). I was told the other day that there is even an app that connects you with other people who just want to meet up to cuddle. But somehow I still believe in the serendipity of locking eyes with someone across a crowded airport, bumping into him in the Acropolis, or being forced to share a cab in Mumbai. I actually have no doubt that I will meet my husband somewhere on my travels.
I think they call this menage a giraffe...but I don't really speak French. #GiraffeManor #Nairobi @yahootravel
A post shared by Jo Piazza (@jopiazzaauthor) on Dec 20, 2014 at 2:05am PST
Nuns wear rings, delicate and understated gold bands on their right ring fingers, to signify their marriage to Jesus Christ. When I asked one about her ring, she replied matter-of-factly, "It's about commitment. To God and to myself."
My friends love their engagement rings. Each one is bigger than the next, but somehow they all look the same. A big diamond surrounded by little diamonds set in platinum. I like to call it the "Rachel" haircut of rings. Everyone has it and in 10 years they'll think it is tacky.
I've never been one for diamonds, but I love jewelry and precious stones, particularly unique ones from around the world. I first heard about tanzanite when I arrived at the safari lodge.
"It's actually rarer than diamonds," the resident lodge zoologist and Discovery Center Manager, Oliver Dreike, told me.
I was intrigued. So was Tiffany & Co. After the stone was discovered in the late sixties, the global jeweler attempted to capitalize on its rareness by renaming it tanzanite after Tanzania. They thought its original name, blue zoisite, was unlikely to be a commercial hit. Tiffany launched an advertising campaign saying the stone could be found in just two places in the world, Tanzania and Tiffany.
On the last day of my trip I wandered into the Lithoe Africa shop at the lodge to just glance at the tanzanite rings, assuming nothing would catch my fancy. I assumed wrong. The ring I fell in love with was simple: a plain gold band with a two-carat blue-violet tanzanite flanked by delicate bars of white gold. It was beautiful and slightly expensive and I loved it. The only finger it fit was the ring finger of my left hand.
"Ugh. I can't get it. It will look like an engagement ring," I moaned to the French woman tending the shop.
She rolled her eyes at me and I could practically hear her thinking, Silly American. She managed not to say it out loud.
Instead she said, "Who cares. Are you worried no man will approach you?" She let out a small grunt and looked me up and down.
She continued, with the requisite amount of Parisian disdain, "it's a beautiful ring. Who cares what finger it is on?" She was so French and yet so right.
"I want it," I said.
Photo: Courtesy Jo Piazza
I immediately texted my ex-boyfriend. We talk every day. Like I said: best friend, but not my husband.
"I bought a fancy ring in Tanzania."
"Well, someone had to."
"Don't be stupid."
I think I'm half-joking when I call it my engagement ring. I think about what the nuns told me. It's a commitment to myself and a reminder that I'm not wrong, or crazy, or flawed to wait for the right person. I saw the sun rise over Mount Kilimanjaro this morning while writing this, looking at my ring sparkle as my fingers flew across the keyboard. I"m happy to just be with me for a little bit longer.
Related: How to Break Up With People You Aren't Dating
Related: Why I Cheated on My Husband
From: ELLE US
Kate Hudson Shows Off Her New Engagement Ring
6 Real-Life Alternatives to Our Favorite Celebrity Engagement Rings
Finally, a Proper View of Jennifer Aniston's Engagement Ring
Chris Pratt Gave Anna Faris a New Engagement Ring
See Erin Andrews' Massive Engagement Ring
Man Crowdfunds Money for $15K Engagement Ring
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Redding woman injured on beach. Was it a zombie shark?
A Redding woman was injured after she got close to a beached salmon shark. It may have had a brain-attacking bacterium.
Redding woman injured on beach. Was it a zombie shark? A Redding woman was injured after she got close to a beached salmon shark. It may have had a brain-attacking bacterium. Check out this story on redding.com: https://reddingne.ws/2A3DQbF
Jessica Skropanic, Redding Record Searchlight Published 3:30 p.m. PT July 19, 2018 | Updated 7:02 p.m. PT July 20, 2018
A Trinidad State Beach ranger pulled onto shore this disoriented, possibly-sick juvenile salmon shark after it bit or bumped with its mouth a Redding woman trying to photograph it.(Photo: Courtesy of Jason Self of Trinidad)
A 59-year-old Redding woman was treated for a lacerated foot and sprained ankle after she reported a salmon shark bit her at Trinidad State Beach.
The encounter, reported to authorities, occurred about 1 p.m., Sunday. She was treated and released from Mad River Hospital in Arcata that same day.
More: The house that faith and beer built: 12th century Spanish church gets new life in Vina
"The shark washed up on the beach and the woman tried to take a photo of it,” said Samantha Karges, Humboldt County Sheriff’s Office spokeswoman. “Another wave came in and moved the shark closer to her and (it) bit her in the foot.”
The woman, who the sheriff's office is not identifying, received a small cut from the shark and suffered moderate injuries when she tried to quickly get away on the wet sand.
“She was not wading in the water,” Karges said . “She was on shore.”
A California Department of Parks and Recreation ranger arrived right after the incident. He walked into the waves, caught the shark by the tail and took it to shore.
The woman was more likely grazed by the shark’s teeth than bitten, said Victor Bjelajac, North Coast Redwoods District superintendent.
Bjelajac said it’s not typical for a salmon shark to go after a human.
But in this case, "the animal was approached," he said. "It grazed her."
Redding woman injured at Trinidad State Beach. Was it a zombie shark?
A Trinidad State Beach ranger pulled onto shore this disoriented, possibly-sick juvenile salmon shark after it bit or bumped with its mouth a Redding woman trying to photograph it. Courtesy of Jason Self of Trinidad
Karen Crow, professor of marine biology at San Francisco State University, agrees this may not have been a case of a shark attack.
“I wouldn’t be surprised if she sustained lacerations if... any part of her body came into contact with the shark’s mouth,” Crow said. “I wouldn’t characterize that as a bite or shark attack in any way.”
Trinidad resident Jason Self said he heard the report on the police radio. He went to the beach to see the shark just as the ambulance pulled away.
More: Bethel Redding youth leader detained by ICE over DACA expiration
"I paddle there every day,” said Self, who opened Kayak Trinidad instruction and guide service three years ago, and has 14 years of experience guiding on California's North Coast waters. The shark "was about 2.5 feet long. The (salmon) sharks are super docile. They pretty much only eat salmon.”
At that length, the shark was probably a juvenile.
It's normal to have salmon sharks around, Self said. They follow the salmon run.
Self said if the shark did bite when it contacted the woman’s foot, it was likely a reflex action.
"Fish flop,” he said.
If they’re not dangerous, why are we scared?
Self said he sees the sharks every year as they migrate from Alaska.
“Sharks represent something deep-seated for us,” said Self. “They’re the monster under the bed. I saw ‘Jaws’ when I was 5 years old and was afraid to go in the deep end of the swimming pool."
Self sees the same fear in some novice clients when he takes them out on the water.
“The reality is if the water’s salty, sharks are there, and most of the time there’s no problem,” he said.
Trinidad’s waters are popular with local kayakers and surfers, Karges said.
“My husband surfs in Trinidad all the time,” she said. “We have plenty of people who go surfing without a problem. It’s just being aware of your surroundings.”
Why the shark floundered
Scientists aren't yet sure why the salmon shark beached itself, but it's not uncommon to find these animal washing up along California's coastline, experts say.
“These little salmon sharks, this time of year, wash up on the beach,” said David Ebert, Pacific Shark Research Center program director at Moss Landing Marine Laboratories in Monterey County. “Sometimes they’re not dead. It’s a type of bacteria that infects the brain.”
Ebert said scientists believe it may also have something to do with oceanographic conditions, but they’re not yet sure.
Self said when the sharks beach themselves they're so sick, they're zombie-like.
When they "wash up like this, their brains are basically like mush," he said. "They don’t know where they are (or) what they’re doing."
More: McKenna Faith headlines diverse lineup at Tehama District Fair
Ebert said, "these salmon sharks are very closely related to the white shark. They get up to about 9-10 feet. They’re mainly fish eaters. They occur all the way down to San Diego, all the way up to Alaska and over to Japan."
Ebert said sharks don’t usually attack humans, and confirmed a person can easily cut themselves on even a dead shark’s teeth.
Still the fear of sharks gives them a "really bad rep, and their numbers have gone down globally.” Crow said.
"Sharks don’t eat humans," she said. "If they did, they’d all be dead from starvation.”
Read or Share this story: https://reddingne.ws/2A3DQbF
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Connect Contact us Facebook
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Klaus Dodds
Klaus DoddsEditor-in-Chief, Territory, Politics, GovernanceRoyal Holloway University of London
Egham Hill, ,Egham,Surrey,UK,TW20 0EX
K.Dodds@rhul.ac.uk
BoardCommittee MemberPublicationEnglandEuropeNorthern EuropeUnited Kingdom
Professor Klaus Dodds is the Director of Research for the Department of Geography at Royal Holloway. He was awarded the Philip Leverhulme Prize for his achievements in the fields of geopolitics and human geography. In academic year 2010-11, he was a visiting fellow at St Cross College, Oxford and HARC fellow at Royal Holloway. In October 2012, he was elected Academician (now Fellow) of the Academy of Social Sciences (FAcSS). In November 2016, he was awarded a Major Research Fellowship by the Leverhulme Trust (2017-2020) for a project examining ‘A new North? The making and remaking of the global Arctic’. In academic year 2017-18, he is a visiting fellow at St John’s College, Oxford. He researches in the areas of geopolitics and security, media/popular culture (esepcially on film theory) and the international governance of the Antarctic and the Arctic.
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Vernon teacher served suspension for test leak
A District No. 22 teacher used a secure exam for study prep materials
Another Vernon teacher was hit with a three-day suspension last month for leaking a secure exam to his Grade 12 English students.
Jay Alexander Kohlman prepared study materials for his three Grade 12 classes using test questions held as “secure” by the Ministry of Education, knowing all well this was not allowed.
A report from the British Columbia Commissioner for Teacher Regulation said the School District No. 22 teacher obtained a copy of the English 12 Provincial Exam on Jan. 25, 2018, while his students were writing it.
It said he asked the school vice-principal if he could look at it so he could support his students after the exam. The vice-principal allowed him to look at it.
“When he returned the January 2018 Exam to the vice-principal, she asked him to confirm he had not taken a copy and he lied by responding to her that he had not,” the report reads.
He showed his copy to a fellow teacher at the school.
In an investigation by the District, Kohlman was asked if he had used content from the secure exam to prepare his students and he said he had not, “which he knew was not true,” the report stated.
The District suspended Kohlman for one day without pay on Sept. 5, 2018. The Commissioner extended the suspension by three days on June 6, 2019, that were served between Dec. 18-20, 2019.
In determining the length of the suspension, the Commissioner considered Kohlman’s dishonesty both when he obtained copies of the secure exams inappropriately and misled school administration and in his denial of using the content when questioned by District staff.
Vernon English teacher Maria MacDonald also served a three-day suspension in December for leaking exam questions on Jan. 25, 2018.
READ MORE: Vernon teacher slapped with suspension for test leak
READ MORE: Senior’s life saved thanks to Vernon employee
UPDATE: Power restored for North Okanagan community left in the dark, again
B.C. hereditary chiefs ban Coastal GasLink from Wet’suwet’en lands
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BC Hydro president and CEO Chris O’Riley gave thanks to customers for their patience and understanding on Jan. 2 in a video posted to Twitter following a snowstorm on Dec. 31, 2019. (Twitter)
WATCH: BC Hydro CEO on North Okanagan power outages
Power restored to 95% of impacted customers, CEO said in video update near Lumby
While many residents are still without power following a snowstorm on Dec. 31, BC Hydro president and CEO Chris O’Riley gave thanks to customers for their patience and understanding on Jan. 2 in a video posted to Twitter.
He said, in the video filmed near Lumby, 50,000 customers were out of power at one time at the peak of the event on Dec. 31.
More than 160,000 customers in the Central and Southern Interior had their power knocked out during the snowstorm Tuesday. Crews were able to restore power for around 60 per cent of affected customers within the first 24 hours, despite poor weather and treacherous road conditions — 90 per cent had power back in the first 48 hours.
Now, BC Hydro is reporting 95 per cent of customers have had their power restored, leaving approximately 11,000 without power.
“We recognize that power outages are disruptive at any time of year, especially so over the holidays,” O’Riley said. “I really want to thank customers for their patience and understanding as we work through this event.”
Crews have worked around the clock to restore power to those impacted, however treacherous weather and road conditions have created hurdles.
O’Riley said this event is a good reminder for all British Columbians to be prepared for power outages.
Outages are also reported in Enderby, Armstrong, Grindrod, Salmon Arm, Lavington and Lumby.
For a current list of outages, visit bchydro.com.
As crews continue to work on restoring the remaining customers without power in the Interior, our President and CEO Chris O’Riley shares a #BCStorm update from just outside #Lumby. pic.twitter.com/LjNqV49Q5F
— BC Hydro (@bchydro) January 2, 2020
READ MORE: Lights still off for 11K homes in North Okanagan
READ MORE: Lumby in the dark after snowstorm
READ MORE: WATCH: Snowstorm no problem for Lumby man and dog
Approximately 11,000 still remain without power following a snowstorm on Dec. 31, 2019. (BC Hydro)
Lower taxes, new RRSP rules among 2020 changes in Canada
Reward offered in bear killing near Penticton
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Chapter 147B
Section 147B.01
147B.02
Contagious or infectious diseases
Drugs and medicine
Health services occupations
Physicians and surgeons
2004 Subd. 16a New 2004 c 279 art 3 s 1
2002 Subd. 8 Repealed 2002 c 375 art 3 s 11
2002 Subd. 15 Repealed 2002 c 375 art 3 s 11
1998 Subd. 5 Amended 1998 c 254 art 1 s 38
1998 Subd. 12 Amended 1998 c 254 art 1 s 39
1995 147B.01 New 1995 c 177 s 2
147B.01 DEFINITIONS.
Subdivision 1.Applicability.
The definitions in this section apply to this chapter.
Subd. 2.Acupressure.
"Acupressure" means the application of pressure to acupuncture points.
Subd. 3.Acupuncture practice.
"Acupuncture practice" means a comprehensive system of health care using Oriental medical theory and its unique methods of diagnosis and treatment. Its treatment techniques include the insertion of acupuncture needles through the skin and the use of other biophysical methods of acupuncture point stimulation, including the use of heat, Oriental massage techniques, electrical stimulation, herbal supplemental therapies, dietary guidelines, breathing techniques, and exercise based on Oriental medical principles.
Subd. 4.Acupuncture needle.
"Acupuncture needle" means a needle designed exclusively for acupuncture purposes. It has a solid core, with a tapered point, and is 0.12 mm to 0.45 mm in thickness. It is constructed of stainless steel, gold, silver, or other board-approved materials as long as the materials can be sterilized according to recommendations of the National Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Subd. 5.Acupuncture points.
"Acupuncture points" means specific anatomically described locations as defined by the recognized acupuncture reference texts. These texts are listed in the study guide to the examination for the NCCAOM certification exam.
Subd. 6.Acupuncture practitioner.
"Acupuncture practitioner" means a person licensed to practice acupuncture under this chapter.
Subd. 7.Board.
"Board" means the Board of Medical Practice or its designee.
[Repealed, 2002 c 375 art 3 s 11]
Subd. 9.Breathing techniques.
"Breathing techniques" means Oriental breathing exercises taught to a patient as part of a treatment plan.
Subd. 10.Cupping.
"Cupping" means a therapy in which a jar-shaped instrument is attached to the skin and negative pressure is created by using suction.
Subd. 11.Dermal friction.
"Dermal friction" means rubbing on the surface of the skin, using topical ointments with a smooth-surfaced instrument without a cutting edge that can be sterilized or, if disposable, a onetime only use product.
Subd. 12.Diplomate in acupuncture.
"Diplomate in acupuncture" means a person who is certified by the NCCAOM as having met the standards of competence established by the NCCAOM, who subscribes to the NCCAOM code of ethics, and who has a current and active NCCAOM certificate. Current and active NCCAOM certification indicates successful completion of continued professional development and previous satisfaction of NCCAOM requirements.
Subd. 13.Electrical stimulation.
"Electrical stimulation" means a method of stimulating acupuncture points by an electrical current of .001 to 100 milliamps, or other current as approved by the board. Electrical stimulation may be used by attachment of a device to an acupuncture needle or may be used transcutaneously without penetrating the skin.
Subd. 14.Herbal therapies.
"Herbal therapies" are the use of herbs and patent herbal remedies as supplements as part of the treatment plan of the patient.
Subd. 15.
Subd. 16.NCCAOM.
"NCCAOM" means the National Certification Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine, a not-for-profit corporation organized under section 501(c)(4) of the Internal Revenue Code.
Subd. 16a.NCCAOM certification.
"NCCAOM certification" means a certification granted by the NCCAOM to a person who has met the standards of competence established for either NCCAOM certification in acupuncture or NCCAOM certification in Oriental medicine.
Subd. 17.Needle sickness.
"Needle sickness" is a temporary state of nausea and dizziness that is a potential side effect to needle insertion and from which full recovery occurs when the needles are removed.
Subd. 18.Oriental medicine.
"Oriental medicine" means a system of healing arts that perceives the circulation and balance of energy in the body as being fundamental to the well-being of the individual. It implements the theory through specialized methods of analyzing the energy status of the body and treating the body with acupuncture and other related modalities for the purpose of strengthening the body, improving energy balance, maintaining or restoring health, improving physiological function, and reducing pain.
1995 c 177 s 2; 1998 c 254 art 1 s 38-40; 2004 c 279 art 3 s 1
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Chess of Blades is on Kickstarter!
on June 9, 2017 by Cuppa
Oh, to be a nobleman! It truly is a wonderful way to live. Exquisite finery is forever at your fingertips. Delicious food and fine wine are delivered to you in abundance, thanks to helpful butlers and… Well, the butlers aren’t all that helpful, to be honest, not when they pawn off children on you to babysit. Still, at least the other nobles are pleasant enough to… Franz, back off, you pervert! Also, what did that Grand Inquisitor just call me?! Someone needs to take the stick out of that guy’s ar- Ahem. Anyway, at least the parties are exciting! …What’s that? Someone’s trying to kill me?! I take it back! The life of a nobleman isn’t wonderful, it’s utterly infuriating, not to mention deadly!
These are just some of the problems that plague our sceptical protagonist, Rivian Varrison. He stars in the latest boys’ love game to come from Argent Games, Chess of Blades. In it, he must contend with a threat against his life and three handsome bachelors battling to get inside his pants! It is vitally important that Rivian watches his back, keeps his wits about him and plans his moves carefully. This game not only puts his relationship status on the line, but his life too!
Chess of Blades plays in the form of a visual novel, which means the game is comprised of a selection of textual choices that allow you to progress through the game. For those of you unfamiliar with visual novels, think of the ‘choose your own adventure’ books and place them within a digital format. The result is a riveting, 2D narrative-based game full of beautiful artwork by the talented Mizu, along with an intriguing plot brimming with romance and mystery. To make Chess of Blades even more special, Argent Games have also hired voice actors to help bring their characters to life! There is also some beautiful orchestral music composed by Alec Sievern to take us into a world of Victorian grandeur.
The king is having a huge birthday celebration! Five days of dancing, festivals, and drinking, culminating in a grand masquerade ball. It just so happens that Rivian Varrison, the introverted son of a famous nobleman, is forced to attend this giant event by his father.
By chance, or maybe something more deliberate, he runs into a host of colorful and shady characters, all with their own stories to tell. But when a sudden and mysterious crime happens on the second day of the celebration, Rivian finds himself thrown into the middle of it, and has to discover the truth behind what really happened — and who the people around him really are.
• 70,000 words — roughly 7 hours of gameplay
• 3 BxB romance options
• 8 endings
• 25+ CGs
• Full English Voice Acting
• 12+ track OST
• PG-13 and R-18 versions
• Itch.io AND Steam keys
• Windows/Mac/Linux platforms
Chess of Blades is currently on Kickstarter and is in need of your help to become fully funded! Backers are treated to a wide variety of rewards, including their name in the credits, fanart, digital art books and even the ability to work with the developers to create custom-made scenes. If you are unsure on whether this game is for you, I recommend you download the demo to get a taste of what this game can offer! A release date is planned for Fall 2017, so with only nine days left of the Kickstarter to go, let’s show our support for this project and make sure it gets fully funded!
Tags: Alec Sievern, Arden Raynsford, Argent Games, boy's love, Chess of Blades, Dovah, Franz Chaumont, fudanshi, fujoshi, Gamma, Kickstarter, Linnaeus Glaucia, Mizu, Rivian Varrison, visual novel, Yaoi
The Best Visual Novels on Switch
The First Hour of Project Sakura Wars
Raging Loop Releases on Steam Today
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Richard Moss
Richard is a powerful guitar player and a fine singer from Blackburn equally at ease with folk, ragtime, blues and contempory fingerstyle. His driving percussive and rhythmic guitar skills are blended with subtle fingerstyle playing making him in high demand as a soloist and as a skilled accompanist for singers and traditional melody players.
He has a keen interest in the traditional music of the Northwest of England singing songs by the Blackburn poets of the 19th century and the 'Lancashire Burns' Edwin Waugh.
"...Equally at ease playing homespun blues or ancient songs oozing with local folklore, Richard is a story- teller, balladeer and mean guitarist of high regard. He's a thoroughly good bloke too..." Cloudspotting festival
" ...An exceptional guitarist and very gifted singer, Richard Moss took to the stage with a guitar and a mandolin, playing a selection of songs with roots ranging from the north-west of England to the southern states of America. Moss impressed the crowd with a fine guitar technique that will undoubtedly leave a lasting impression and played a great selection of traditional and more contemporary style folk and blues songs. The set included a self-written guitar instrumental that combined elements of folk, bluegrass, rock and even classical music and proved to be the highlight of his set and perhaps even the whole night. The only downside to the performance was, quite simply, that it was not long enough; the audience took to Moss greatly and he served as a fantastic warm-up for the headline act..." Fatea Magazine review http://www.fatea-records.co.uk/magazine/AcousticVillage.html
Drop the Floor
Traditional Irish music group Drop The Floor are the heartbeat of Clitheroe’s traditional music dynasty. The quartet is bonded by friendship and their musical empathy is seamless.
When playing live DTF never fail to have an immediate impact on the audience – be it a festival stage or in a more intimate venue their energy and drive is infectious.
http://dropthefloor.co.uk
Squirrels in Space
When Malaysian fingerstyle guitarist Az Samad and Blackburn, UK based multi-instrumentalist Richard Moss collaborate, a musical meteor shower of East meets West fills the space. The duo blend their influences from Malaysian pop music to Jazz, folk, Celtic and rock into an acoustic guitar, mandolin and bouzouki extravaganza. Az Samad’s fingerpicked guitar melodies meet a counterpoint of fiery mandolin lines launched by Richard Moss. Together, they are Squirrels In Space!
http://www.azsamad.com/squirrels
Back o'th Bush
'Back o'th Bush' are Richard Moss and Ben Farmer. Both are widely hailed as experts on their own instruments, but together their true musicianship really emerges as they add their own stamp to music and songs rooted in North West England. Entertaining and exhilarating, their duo will get your feet taping and your voice yapping. Already being booked for folk clubs and festivals in 2020 and beyond. The duo are also a great ceilidh band with years of experiance
http://backofthebush.co.uk
© 2019 by Richard Moss
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Inspection Suite Products
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AAP Golf
Jones’ ‘eyes burn up’ at smoky Aussie Open
By AAP Newswire
Ryan Chisnall. - AAP
Sydney's smoky haze continues to plague the Australian Open golf championship, with former winner Matt Jones claiming he'd never endured anything like it and one player even resorting to wearing a surgical mask.
Jones snared the early clubhouse lead with a first-round four-under-par 67 before saying Thursday's visibility and comfort levels were among the worst he'd endured.
"It's awful," Jones said.
"I'm not sure what the forecast is but the smoke's not good at all.
"It's tough to see your golf ball when you're out there playing, where it finishes.
"Your eyes do burn up. I've got that cough like you've got something in your lungs, phlegm in your lungs or whatever, but yeah it's not fun.
"I hope my kids are inside in the hotel room."
With sporting events cancelled across Sydney this week as bushfires continue to rage all over NSW, children, the elderly and those with heart and lung conditions are most at risk.
Health authorities have advised people to reduce outdoor activities and seek medical advice if they experience difficulties.
New Zealander Ryan Chisnall, an asthmatic, covered up with a mask as conditions deteriorated on Thursday afternoon.
Golf Australia boss said Stephen Pitt promised pre-Open to have ample medical staff on site at The Australian and they certainly had their hands full.
St John Ambulance officials reported one asthma attack and "plenty" of people complaining of sore throats, stinging eyes, wheeziness and even ash in their eyes.
"It got pretty thick for a while and still is. It's not great," former world No.1 Adam Scott said after struggling to a four-over 75 start.
"On Tuesday the first day I got here my eyes were stinging. I was joking that I need a cleanse but I should shove some salt water up my nose or something and try rinse myself out.
"Not the conditions we want to be playing in; kind of hope for rain. I don't know what we can do."
Tournament director Trevor Herden was hoping forecast sea breezes would help clear skies by the weekend.
"Even when I played in China, I didn't think it was like this at all," Jones said.
"Definitely not in Malaysia. It's just unbelievably humid (there).
"I've never experienced something like this."
Fellow US PGA Tour star Cameron Smith, a member of Ernie Els' International team, hoped the challenging conditions wouldn't take too much of a toll ahead of next week's Presidents Cup at Royal Melbourne.
"It's a bit odd, isn't it, but what can you do?" Smith said after posting a three-under 68 to trail the leaders by three shots.
"I haven't really felt any different, it's just kind of the look.
"But we'll see after the four days, it might take a bit out of everyone, I'm sure."
Wednesday a Total Fire Ban Day in Northern Country
CAMPASPE Shire residents are being advised Wednesday has been declared a day of total fire ban across Northern Country. With temperatures of 34 degrees and high winds expected in Echuca-Moama, the fire danger rating has been listed as severe. No...
Ivy Jensen
Five people taken to hospital after Tooborac collision
FIVE people have been taken to hospital after a multi-vehicle crash at Tooborac. Ambulance Victoria, CFA, rescue services and Victoria Police were called to the collision near Tooborac Hotel on the Northern Hwy, between Middle Springs Rd and...
Men’s Shed-painted handsaw available for bushfire fundraising
The Men’s Shed has a beautifully painted cross-cut handsaw they’re offering for someone to include in a raffle or auction to raise money for the bushfire appeal. Please direct inquiries to Men’s Shed president, Peter Graham, on...
Anna McGuinness
Cameron Smith primed for Masters: coach
Cameron Smith’s coach is predicting a big year for the young Queenslander after his US PGA Tour win in Hawaii.
AAP Newswire
Veteran Westwood wins 25th European title
Lee Westwood held off the challenges of fellow Englishmen Matt Fitzpatrick and Tommy Fleetwood to win the Abu Dhabi Golf Championship by two shots.
Landry holds nerve to win PGA
Andrew Landry recovers after throwing away a six-stroke lead on the back nine to win the PGA’s American Express golf tournament in California.
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Ketamine May Be a New Antidepressant Drug: Here’s Why
June 20, 2018 serenitydetox Mental HealthTreatment
Ketamine is emerging as a new treatment for some types of depression. It is considered an important discovery, for some people, it may be a lifeline. The compound has a reputation as a party drug, but ketamine is increasingly being studied for potential use as a treatment for depression. Learn how this came about and what it means for the future of treatment for depression.
A Troubling Problem
Ketamine has the ability to increase activity in the parts of the brain linked with reward processing, which would help explain some of the antidepressant effects. Two of the biggest problems for people experiencing depression are lack of access to mental health care and the stigma that shrouds mental illness. With asthma, it is not considered your fault. Somehow if part of the brain is not functioning, it is not your fault. It is easy to see why a new approach would inspire hope for millions of people who suffer from some form of depression.
New Drug, New Promise
Doctors have been giving the same drugs to people with depression for decades. Research suggests antidepressants can work wonders for some people but not necessarily everyone. Medications also come with a range of unpleasant side effects that can include weight gain, less interest in sex, anxiety, and insomnia. Psychedelic drugs are making their way into our collective lexicon of available opportunities to fight back against mental illness. This includes ayahuasca and magic mushrooms. These drugs remain illegal and there are controversies surrounding their overall effectiveness when compared to the risk. However, ketamine may be a safer alternative for people since it is legal and new research is showing promising results.
Long-Term Results
Some people with depression cope by paying for treatments that can be very costly. A ketamine infusion can be expensive and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not approved the existing drug or new formulations for treatment of depression. This ‘off-label’ use of the drug means it is up to health insurance providers to decide whether to offer reimbursement for treatment. This can put the option out of range for many people who cannot afford the out-of-pocket costs. There are also side effects, including high blood pressure. There may be other complications that are unknown because the drug has not been tested long enough. There may be potential but there may also be potential risks, which can keep the drug from becoming available on the open market. Until then, it is best to continue with treatments that are available and seek mental health support from professionals who can help.
Mental health support is necessary if you are to succeed in recovery. It is a daunting process and you need a safe community who is there to support your journey. We provide that safe community where you can detox, get clean, and focus on recovery. Call us 24/7 at our toll-free number to get started: 866-294-9401
« What Are the Different Types of Depression and Symptoms?
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How Do I Help a Loved One with Painkiller Addiction?
Give Yourself a Break (No, Really): Here’s Why
How Do I Cope with Change in Addiction Recovery?
What Body Bruising Tells You About Your Overall Health (and How to Change It)
Is Spice Detox Dangerous?
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robertsboys@btconnect.com
Introduction Personal Tax Business Tax Employment Taxes Capital Taxes Other Matters
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Tower of Guns •
Impressions: Fancy Skulls
Head Short
16th June 2014 / 5:00PM
Tower Of Guns, and Paranautical Activity are fun, single-player shooters that I’ve dropped in and out of a fair bit this year. It’s been a surprise, as I generally don’t enjoy games that are mostly about shooting. Perhaps I am maturing? Or maybe I’m getting less mature. The answer is up for interpretation. Now they’ve been joined by Fancy Skulls, a similarly boxed-in gun game that traps you in randomised levels and gives you one life. I’ve played its beta a fair bit this week, and I keep returning to it in quiet moments when my fingers get itchy. The doctor says it’s a good remedy.
Here’s why I wanted to play it.
It’s a simple but subtle game, and each playthrough has delivered a new insight into its world and the odd things that operate within it. There’s moments of thoughtful aiming and light puzzling and planning within the surreal box of implacable floating death skulls and turrets. At the start, though, it’s largely about shooting and dodging. Each level is a series of square rooms with randomly selected enemies hidden in eggs. When you’re ready to fight, you walk into the room and it’ll shut down, keeping you trapped in there until you kill everything or you die. You can wander a little, collecting any boxed up coins, ammo or, more welcome, health hearts, and then walk into the pulsing circle at the centre of the level.
It’s a moment of exposure: you’re welcoming the assault of whatever hides within the eggs, and they all attack at once. With death being permanent, and health being hard to acquire, it’s tough to make that step. But you have to or it’s a game about standing about, being awkward. There’s a mix of turrets–that are either static and tracking, or spinning and patterned–and wandering AI to contend with.
The immediate response dictates your chances: with the eggs unpeeled and puking enemies, you could be faced with a rotating laser beam that’s predictable but annoying, a strange and headless wibble monster that doesn’t seem to know where you are but spits out floating beans that track you and explode, and another turret that focuses on you as well. What to pick? In that case, the stumbling monster takes precedence: the turrets are generally easy to follow and dodge, even the one that tracks you. The bean dropping AI is a different problem; the explosive beans initially just hang in the air until you’re near, and then they drop and swoop around at you, never quite a direct threat, but moving in a swoosh that you can just about dodge and that makes you think you’ve won. And then it swoops quickly back and takes a heart off your bar.
But they can be gamed: almost all the projectiles can be shot in air, and though most explode right away, the beans can be moved around with bullets, becoming an explosive retort that you can manoeuvre around a little before firing a final shot and blowing it and any enemy up in its area.
They can also live after the round is over, and that’s where this odd little game shines. It keeps you keenly aware of every potential screw up, even when the doors have popped open to the next area there’s a small chance a floating git will trail after you and kill you with your back turned; I’ve spotted a conga line of plasma balls that were spat out of a turret continue to pass through the rest of the level, a joyful little artifact of the game’s systems.
A few more rounds led me to a discovery: there’s an element of precision in what initially felt a bit spammy. Every enemy has a weak-spot that’s defined in some way: an eye, a sigil, a heart. The game’s main gun, the revolver, can take a short while to kill anything, but if you have the time and space–perhaps you’re in a turret level and the assaults are easily managed–then you can reduce the shots down to two or even just a single snap of the gun. It’s not an easy thing to do when you’re leaping laser beams or backing off from swiping monsters, but it’s certainly a powerful tool if you’re accurate enough. There’s a ghost that fires a plamsa bolt and it becomes my personal mission to kill it ASAP, carefully aiming for its heart before it apparates elsewhere. The git.
Character expansion happens in lurches: you can either buy upgrades at stations, collect them as rewards, open crates, or even yank on the handle of a one-armed bandit, chancing a heart or a coin in the hope of a decent boost. They’re pretty extensive as well, enabling character boosts like faster running, rewarding an accurate shot with a more powerful follow-up, even x-ray vision to see what each egg holds before you start the fight. There are also power-derived buffs and attacks that can clear a section in one mouse click, or transmute enemies from one form into another. But they also show you that the levels have a tiny bit more complexity than at first sight. After a few rounds, I unlocked a double jump power that allowed me to land on the walls that otherwise appeared to be the way the game carved out levels. From up here I could dodge certain attacks, but more importantly find further hidden rewards.
There are only nine levels, and though they mutate about half-way through, introducing malevolent trees and skittering critters, it does feel a little light on content. The variation from place to place isn’t expansive, with it just getting a bit tougher rather than intelligently complex or madly varied. it could do with a few more enemies to out-think, and some interesting spaces to play within the boxy levels. Yet although it’s all a little bit samey, the little pile of systems here are a lovely distraction. For just over £5 as of version 0.7, it’s a distraction that’s entirely worth the money, with still time for it to improve.
Tagged with Fancy Skulls, indie, Paranautical Activity, Tower of Guns.
More about Tower of Guns
Tower of Guns Review
I love square sausage, cats, and climbing pretend rocks.
Wot I Think: Mothergunship
Boom and bust
Wot I Think: Tower Of Guns
Towering above the rest
Game devs and players continue banding together to help the Australian bushfire crisis
Tower of Guns dev announces Mothergunship
Today's scotch egg consumption: 988
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/ Redemption and Honor: Members of the Establishment choosing Good against Evil.
Redemption and Honor: Members of the Establishment choosing Good against Evil.
puckerman
RE: Redemption and Honor: Members of the Establishment choosing Good against Evil.
I would like to give a shout out to Paul Craig Roberts. He was an assistant Secretary of the Treasury when Ronald Reagan was President. He has been a vocal opponent of foreign interventionism since 9-11. He has also been a critic of Israel, the Federal Reserve, and Israel.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Craig_Roberts
http://www.paulcraigroberts.org/
The following 3 users Like puckerman's post:3 users Like puckerman's post
911, Going strong, fokker
Look at that picture of Farage above.
If he's not the very personification of Pepe then I don't know who is.
The following 1 user Likes Leonard D Neubache's post:1 user Likes Leonard D Neubache's post
Let's welcome a new honorable on this thread: Microsoft's Bill Gates.
Because Bill Gates has just said to a German newspaper that Europe has to block the (massive) immigration of African illegals, urgently. He has denounced the "enormous migratory pressure" Africa piles on Europe, seemingly asking for action on the Mediterranean against illegals' boats!
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-...urope.html
Bill Gates warns that Germany's open door policy to migrants will overwhelm Europe and urges leaders to 'make it more difficult for Africans to reach the continent via current routes'
Bill Gates warned of 'huge' number of migrants waiting to come to Europe
He said generosity of European leaders will only encourage more to come
61-year-old said Europe must make it more difficult for people to cross border
"A German government report which leaked to the Bild newspaper suggests there could be up to 6.6million people trying to get into Europe, including 2.5million waiting to cross from North Africa."
balybary
Gates is evil, but his population control programs in sub-saharan Africa are going to be very useful over the next few decades, both for Europe, and for Africa. It's the one third world region that hasn't shown signs of stabilizing its runaway demography:
(This post was last modified: 07-24-2017 10:55 PM by 911.)
The following 2 users Like 911's post:2 users Like 911's post
balybary, Going strong
Should we include a new nominee?, judge Bill O'Neill from the Ohio Supreme Court, who's just taken a (very public) stand for all heterosexual men, by stating that yes, he likes to make love to (many) beautiful women and shouldn't apologize for it.
http://www.cleveland.com/open/index.ssf/...stice.html
Thing is, hard to know if he is totally sincere or just trying a preemptive strike against upcoming accusations... He's (reportedly) a Leftist , so, his sincerity in the defense of traditions is dubious at best... But he may have been touched by Truth and Conservative values, that'd be quite a redemption indeed... I'm in doubt though as to his goals and motivations.
PharaohRa
Seeing many of the elites turn tail against the globalists and embracing directly/indirectly Trumpism (whether or not they are sincere is another question) is a good sign not only for the manosphere but also for humanity's progression as a species going forward.
What we can do right now is just keep up the pressure.
The following 1 user Likes PharaohRa's post:1 user Likes PharaohRa's post
Highpool
Nothing he said sounds like a defense of tradition, but rather a defense of sexual liberation without all the anti-male bias.
Most IRL lefties think about the sexual market like Bill O'Neil does.
There's a vocal minority of politicians and internet lefties saying "no forget all that, stop trying to have casual sex, man up and get married under these draconian marriage 2.0 laws instead, and slave away for your ungrateful wife." They're trying to pull this gambit.
It's a scam and very few are dumb enough to fall for it and the fact that some blue politicians are trying to pull it is a big reason why the democrats are losing grip in elections.
(This post was last modified: 11-17-2017 11:01 PM by Highpool.)
The following 1 user Likes Highpool's post:1 user Likes Highpool's post
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Information For Dog and Cat OwnersCanine Uroliths
Canine Uroliths (Urinary Stones)
Dog urine is a complex solution in which salts (e.g. calcium oxalate, magnesium ammonium phosphate) can remain in the solution under conditions of supersaturation. However, supersaturated urine has the potential to form solids from the dissolved salts. These solids are called crystals. If these crystals aggregate and are not excreted they form uroliths. The uroliths may damage the lining of the urinary tract resulting in inflammation of the tract. They can also predispose the dog to the development of urinary tract infection, and if they lodge in the ureters or urethra can obstruct urine flow.
Most uroliths are found in the bladder and urethra (with only 5% found in kidneys and ureters). The uroliths are normally named according to their mineral composition - approximately 50% are struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate), 33% are calcium oxalate, 8% are urate, 1% are silicate, 1% are cystine and 7% are mixed.
How are Uroliths Formed?
Conditions contributing to the crystallisation of salts and formation of uroliths include a high concentration of salts in the urine, adequate time in the urinary tract, urine pH favourable for the salts to crystallise, a virus on which crystallisation can occur and reduced concentrations of crystal inhibitors in the urine. The combination of a high dietary intake of minerals and protein and the ability of dogs to produce highly concentrated urine contributes to the urine becoming supersaturated with salts. In some cases reduced kidney tubule resorption (i.e. calcium, cystine, uric acid) or increase production secondary to bacterial infection (e.g. phosphate and ammonium ions) also contribute to the urine becoming supersaturated.
What Signs are Seen When Uroliths are Present?
The signs seen depend on the number, type and location of the stones in the urinary tract. Most uroliths are located in the bladder and hence show signs of frequent urination, difficult urination and blood in the urine. Small uroliths may pass into the urethra in male dogs leading to partial or complete urinary tract obstruction with signs of distended bladder and straining to urinate.
Where the uroliths lodge in the kidneys, if only one kidney is affected there may be no signs or there may be blood in the urine and the dog may develop a chronic kidney infection. Where both kidneys are affected the dog may develop chronic kidney failure.
Dogs with urethral uroliths may also show no signs or may have blood in the urine and abdominal pain.
How are Uroliths Diagnosed?
Diagnosis is based on a combination of clinical history, clinical examination and X-rays or ultrasound. In males with difficult urination caused by urethral stones attempt to pass a urinary catheter is often met by a gritty feeling of resistance. Diagnosis can be confirmed using special X-ray techniques in such cases.
Stones in the bladder can sometimes be detected via palpation of the abdomen. Normal X-rays and ultrasounds are able to confirm the presence of these stones.
What are the Treatments for Canine Uroliths?
The principles in treating canine uroliths include relieving urethral obstruction and decompressing the bladder. This is achieved by passing a catheter along the urethra to the bladder, draining the bladder by syringing, dislodging the urethral stones by hydropusion or emergency surgery. The dog is placed on intravenous fluid therapy to restore water and electrolyte balance if dehydration is noted. The potassium and kidney enzymes levels should also be monitored and appropriate treatment must be given should any abnormalities be detected.
Medical breakdown of struvite, urate and cystine stones has been shown to be effective but the decision between surgical removal and medical breakdown of the stones is not always clear. The advantages of surgery include that the stones can be identified and any predisposing structural abnormalities can be corrected and urinary bladder lining samples can be collected for bacterial culture. Disadvantages include the need for anaesthetics, invasiveness of surgery and possibility of incomplete removal of the stones.
Medical treatment reduces the concentration of salts in the urine, increases salt solubility and urine volume. The major disadvantage of medical treatment of canine uroliths is that considerable owner compliance is required for weeks to months, and on a cost basis is comparable to the cost of surgery as multiple urine samples need to be analysed and cultured during the treatment period and radiographs may also be required.
Dogs with urinary obstruction cannot be treated medically, and some stones (calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, silicate and mixed uroliths) do not respond to medical breakdown.
Once a dog has been treated for uroliths, either medically or surgically, preventive measures must be undertaken to remove the chances of recurrence. They include the induction of diuresis and eradication of urinary tract infection. Maintaining a urine specific gravity of below 1.020 is ideal and dogs should be offered frequent opportunities to urinate. The urine sediments and pH must be checked and urinary tract infection treated promptly once bacterial culture results are available.
Specific Treatment for Struvite Uroliths
Struvite uroliths can be dissolved using Hill's Canine S/D Prescription Diet as it contains greatly restricted protein, calcium and magnesium content, high salt content and it results in the production of acidic urine. The diet needs to be fed for a minimum of 30 days after the stones are no longer visible on X-ray, with the average treatment period being 8 to 10 weeks. The rate at which the stones dissolve is proportionate to the surface area of the stone exposed to the unsaturated urine.
In adddition to Hill's Canine S/D Prescription Diet, any bacterial urinary tract infection must be eliminated using antibotics. The antibiotics must be continued throughout the period of stone breakdown to destroy bacteria that may be liberated from the stone as it dissolves. The antibiotics selected should be based on urine culture findings.
Measures to prevent struvite uroliths recurrence include preventing and controlling urinary tract infection, maintaining acidic urine and reducing the intake of stone forming salts. Hill's Canine C/D Prescription Diet is able to fulfil the requirements. The diet contains moderately restricted protein, magnesium, calcium and phosphorus and produces an acidic urine.
Half a gram of salt should be supplemented daily to increase water consumption and urine production. The urine must also be assessed every 2 to 4 months routinely to ensure there are no crystals, and culture performed in dogs with signs of urinary tract inflammation.
(Hill's Canine S/D Prescription Diet should not be fed routinely as a maintenance diet, and not be given to pregnant, lactating or growing dogs or after surgery. It should not be fed to dogs with congestive heart failure or kidney disease.)
Specific Treatment for Calcium Oxalate Uroliths
There is no medical treatment available to break down calcium oxalate uroliths. After surgical removal a moderate restriction of protein, calcium, oxalate and sodium together with normal intake of phosphorus, magnesium and vitamins is advisable to prevent recurrence. This can be achieved by feeding the dog with Hill's Canine U/D Prescription Diet. Potassium citrate at recommended doses given orally may also help to prevent recurrence.
Specific Treatment for Urate Uroliths
Where urate uroliths are not associated with liver insufficiency, the dog should be fed with Hill's Canine U/D Prescription Diet as it contains reduced protein and purine and produces alkaline urine. Similar to the S/D diet, the U/D diet reduces the liver formation of urea and hence the urine concentrating ability. However, recommended doses of salt must be supplemented daily to increase water consumption and urine production as the U/D diet contains a restricted salt content. Sodium bicarbonate or potassium citrate is sometimes necessary to be added to the diet to maintain a neutral urine as well.
As with management of struvite uroliths any urinary tract infection needs to be treated accordingly, as urease producing bacteria will increase the concentration of urine and subsequently potentiate urine crystal production.
In cases where the stones are secondary to severe liver insufficiency the underlying problem needs to be corrected where possible, and in some cases the stones may spontaneously dissolve.
Specific Treatment for Silicate Uroliths
Medical breakdown of silicate uroliths is also unavailable and they are often required to be removed surgically. It is advisable to feed the dog with Hill's Canine U/D Prescription Diet after surgery as it contains low quantities of silicates and produces alkaline urine. This helps to prevent recurrence. Salt can also be added (half gram daily) to assist in increasing urine volume.
Specific Treatment for Cystine Uroliths
Cystine uroliths can be broken down medically. It is recommended to feed the affected dog with Hill's Canine U/D Prescription Diet to dissolve the uroliths and as a preventive measure. Sometimes 'thiol containing' drugs are also used as they increase the solubility of cystine in the urine. Long term urinary pH must be maintained at approximately 2 to 5 and it can be achieved by feeding an appropriate amount of potassium citrate.
Whenever medical breakdown of uroliths is attempted the dog must be examined by a veterinarian at least monthly and a complete urine analysis must be carried out as well as X-rays or ultrasound to assess the size of the urolith. If urine analysis is suggestive of a urinary tract infection the urine must be cultured and appropriate antibiotic treatment administered. Where the urolith has not reduced in size after two months of treatment owner compliance, control of infection and the type of urolith should be assessed and surgical removal should be considered.
Uroliths occur in up to 25% of dogs and they can have up to 3 or more episodes during their life. Recurrence is more likely in dogs with metabolic uroliths (i.e. calcium oxalate, urate and cystine uroliths) or where there is a breed predisposition. Appropriate preventive measures and frequent re-evaluation are important in such dogs.
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Florida leads the way for freshwater turtles
The Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission voted unanimously to ban the commercial harvest of freshwater turtles throughout the state on Wednesday, April 15.
Credits : Matt Aresco
The move comes after several of the world’s leading turtle scientists called on Florida's Governor Charlie Crist to end the commercial hunting of turtles which supplies eastern Asia.
The experts, brought together by the Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group of IUCN’s Species Survival Commission, alerted the Governor that the state's turtles were at high risk of being wiped out by the expanding global trade in turtles which had recently begun to target Florida's fairly robust turtle poulations.
That trade has been driven by the almost insatiable demand for turtle meat and medicinal products in Chinese markets and led to the previously destructive Asian turtle trade, which has driven many populations of wild turtles in Asia into near extinction.
Governor Crist demonstrated true conservation leadership by coming out in public support of banning the turtle trade and instructed his Wildlife Commission to study the matter carefully and take appropriate action.
“This is a great victory for turtle conservation,” says Anders Rhodin, Chair of IUCN’s Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group. “The regulations will be the strictest in the US and mean the US is finally facing up to the growing threat of this global consumptive turtle trade. The IUCN Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group was central in helping to achieve this victory.”
Turtle biologists such as Matt Aresco first raised warnings about what was happening. "All the scientists who study Florida's turtles are unanimous: we believe that the mass commercial hunting of wild turtles must end," Aresco said in response to Wednesday's wildlife commission decision.
"If we allowed it, the Chinese - more than one billion Chinese - could and probably would eat every single turtle in existence in Florida in one year," says biologist Dale Jackson.
In China, one species of softshell turtle is down to the last two individuals, said Peter Meylan of Eckerd College in St. Petersburg. Scientists said Florida shouldn't wait for turtles there to disappear before taking action.
The Florida commercial turtle harvest ban will be enacted later this year. The draft rule would ban the commercial take or sale of wild freshwater turtles, and would also prohibit taking turtles from the wild that are listed on Florida's endangered species list. In addition, the collection of eggs would be prohibited.
Individuals would be allowed to take one freshwater turtle per day per person from the wild for noncommercial use. The transport of more than one turtle per day would be prohibited.
In a letter to the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, the turtle experts said: “The proposed new regulations will provide the best protection for freshwater turtles in any state in the U.S. and establish Florida as a leader on this issue in North America.
“Other states are watching Florida,” it continued. “As we noted in our earlier letter, Florida is one of the two centers of highest turtle diversity in the world, and it is important that we demonstrate our stewardship of this important natural heritage.”
Matt Aresco, Member of the IUCN Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group, +1 850 585 5415, aresco@nokuse.org
Anders Rhodin, Chair of the IUCN Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group, +1 978 582 9668, RhodinCRF@aol.com
IUCN's previous story
IUCN Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group
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Massive Afghan rally demands US troops withdrawal from Wardak province (VIDEO)
APTN video still © APTN
Hundreds of Afghans have marched to the parliament complex in Kabul demanding the withdrawal of US special troops from the eastern province of Wardak. The demonstrators were infuriated by reports of civilians being tortured and killed.
"They were demanding the withdrawal of American special forces from Wardak and also the release of some people detained by the Americans in the province," Kabul deputy police chief General Daud Amin told AFP.
The rally with several hundred participants, mainly from Wardak, was overseen by a considerable number of armed riot police.
"The demonstration was peaceful, but the protesters shouted anti-US slogans," Aljazeera has quoted General Mohammed Zahir as saying.
President Hamid Karzai earlier ordered elite US military units to pull out of the strategic province adjacent to Kabul after claiming that US soldiers and Afghan militia working with them had tortured and murdered civil citizens.
As an example of abuse Karzai’s February statement cited nine villagers, who "disappeared in an operation by this suspicious force" last October. Two school teachers and seven truck drivers are believed to be among them. Their whereabouts remain unknown.
“A student was taken away at night from his home, whose tortured body, with his throat cut, was found two days later under a bridge," the statement also read.
The latest case involving the deaths of innocent Afghan civilians took place on February 28, when two children of seven and eight years old were ‘'mistakenly' destroyed by NATO troops in the south of the country, as the military alliance acknowledged in an official statement. The children were tending cattle when they were killed.
Karzai’s initial demand was that US special forces withdraw by March 10, but later he would give more time to American military officials, who, in turn, claimed they were still negotiating the security handover in Wardak.
Afghan security forces are taking over responsibility across the country for battling the Taliban insurgency as the NATO-led coalition prepares to pull out most of its 100,000 troops by the end of next year. The planned 2014 pullout is believed to leave Kabul unable to survive the Taliban onslaught.
NATO airstrike kills at least 8 Afghan civilians, mostly women and children
US leaving Afghanistan unfit to defend itself or spend aid
Karzai to ban Afghan forces from requesting NATO airstrikes
2 Afghan children 'mistakenly' killed by Australian troops - NATO
NATO's 'unwinnable' Afghan campaign leaves Kabul unviable
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Valve, You Should Be Ashamed Of Yourselves
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Lord has recently released his unfinished sequel called Eye of the Storm 2. He released it unfinished because he became frustrated with Source tools constant crashes and problems. Personally, I don’t blame him because any work you do in your spare time for others should be enjoyable.
There have been some comments on that mod about his decision and the situation in general and whilst I posted some about Get Mods Working I hadn’t addressed the issues directly.
To my knowledge, Valve has neither acknowledged nor openly discussed the Source update that broke a lot of mods. To me this is shameful. Valve was created by executives but built by modders. If I understand the origin and history of Valve correctly, they took modders from the Quake community and hired them to build Half-Life.
Valve do a lot of fantastic things but in this case they seem to have let the community down and perhaps as importantly let themselves down.
It really doesn’t matter if the engine update is the most important project in Valve right now. Whether they have taken on new staff, have allocated man hours or finances to fix the issue. What matters is that they have said nothing about it.
I’m not even expecting them to fix it, but I’ll come on to that, all I expect (yes, I actually EXPECT this) is that they acknowledge the issue and apologize. I don’t care if it was on purpose or an accident. I don’t even care if it is part of a long term plan that outweighs the current situation.
I WANT AN APOLOGY
THE COMMUNITY DESERVES AN APOLOGY
I challenge any authorized Valve employee to stand up and be a man. Are you reading this Gabe?
When that hacker stole your Half-Life 2 source code, which was completely YOUR fault, WE, the community helped YOU. The least you could do is let us know what’s happening.
Of course, I also believe that they should fix the issue too but in some way I am less worried about that. Shit Happens. I accept that. That don’t have to fix free software but of course their success is built on the use of that software. Geez, it can’t be impossible to fix, can it?
As you probably know I have no interest in multiplayer mods, so I have no idea if any or how many MP mods were affected by the update but I feel confident that if nearly every MP had stopped working like SP mods the community would have gone crazy. In fact, that makes me wonder what the percentage of play time for Source SP games, Source SP mods, Source MP games and Source MP mods is.
Do we doubt that the SP mods would be at the bottom? I don’t, although I could be wrong. What I am trying to get at is that the play time of both MP and SP mods must be pretty significant compared to the games. If they completely break a game they fix it pretty damn quick, but not so with mods it seems.
Lord is one example of a modder who has given up and I am sure there are others. Most probably just stop using Source tools and move onto other games and engines. I suppose it depends on how far you are along with development. Some mods are just too far along for the modders to think of stopping or switching engines. Better to persevere and hope that Valve fixes things.
Potential modders are possibly the biggest loss. Why start to learn something when it’s broken. In fact, with the Unreal Development Kit available why bother with Source at all? I am only interested because I want to tell stories from within the HL universe, but I know most modders don’t give a hreadcrab’s fart about stuff like that.
They want a stable, easy to use and popular engine. If other retail developers can supply that then great. That’s where they will go.
The PP community is made up of more players than developers but we need each other. Players can’t play if modders don’t make anything and modders won’t make something that won’t be played.
Eventually Valve will release something or the next engine will allow the goldfish modders to move on, but this whole incident leaves a sour taste in my mouth, that ultimately makes we wonder if Valve really do care for the community any more.
Categories (?)
Phillip's Blog Read
Bekey
20th September 2010 at 5:35 pm
Given up too.
NykO18
We’ve been waiting for Left 4 Dead fixes for over a year and a half without any result, we barelly managed to release our I Hate Mountains campaign even using hacks and exploits to work around the gazillion issues with the tools and engine. Get over it, they don’t seem to care anymore, just like they released Alien Swarm without any content, told people to build their own game and call it a day without actually doing anything for modders. I think the modding era comes close to its end, at least for me, it’s over. I just gave up on Source engine.
PlanetPhillip
I think the modding era comes close to its end
I hope you are wrong, but who knows, maybe things are about to change. You know, I thought that modding would be around forever, but now you have me thinking. Is modding just a phase? I don’t think so, but its form may change over time.
Interesting thought. Plenty of scope of articles etc.
21st September 2010 at 12:47 am
There are a lot more free or open source tools available for independent game development now. There are almost monthly announcements of well-made engines. Unless it’s shooter based, why limit yourself to Source or UDK when you could go with Ogre3D for a truly free license?
There’s also overlap in crowd-source level editing, ala Little Big Planet and Mod Nation Racers. Mind you, that’s always existed, how many of us came into modding via games like Adventure Construction Set?
I get the feeling that Valve themselves are standing at a fork in the road. They could possibly go with more light-modding, they’ve kind of leaned that way with L4D and Alien Swarm. Or they could be sitting on a new updated engine + tools and go full force modding again. I don’t think they’re ready to talk about any of those possibilities yet, but they’ve hinted at a lot of news over the next year.
I’ll agree with Bramblepath, it would be an odd time for anyone to give up. I don’t begrudge any modders who’ve found other solutions tho, waiting always sucks and there are lots of other directions to take right now.
Herr_Alien
21st September 2010 at 9:23 am
I don’t think modding is/was a phase. There will always be some features that somebody will want to add to a game.
Don’t get me wrong, with Unity and UDK out there, I can see plenty of modding teams deciding to make games instead of TCs for the Source engine. That doesn’t mean though that there will be no more fans of a game, fans that will want to change or tweak the game.
Thing is, that game that the fans will change, does it have to be a Source based game?
Yes, I agree that it’s not a phase. Nut gaming and modding is very young, even if it doesn’t seem that way and over time, things change. Who knows what will be happening in ten or twenty years.
Modding is only possible because developers release tools to do it. What if Valve decide that the hassle of providing these tool is just not worth it? If that happens modding dies almost instantly. We may think that will never change but a lot of things were like that and have changed.
Modding is certainly getting more complicated and the time and effort required to make the mods greater. That alone seems to have dropped the number of releases. There are still so many variables that we just don’t know.
Kasperg
That’s a very important point. Right now it’s up to Valve to make the tools stop working whenever they want.
Heck, I can only run Hammer and a game if I’m connected to Valve’s servers, which I fail to understand.
Could you imagine any of these problems coming up in the pre-Steam version of Half-life 1? Impossible!
You could decide NOT to install the latest patches and have a stable version of the engine no-one would touch and a standalone Worldcraft editor which again was out of Valve’s reach in terms of forcing updates. You could live 10 years in your basement making Half-life 1 mods and nothing would prevent them from working on your friend’s computer.
If an “illegal” version of the tools ever shows up, don’t think I’ll turn away from it.
Actually, I think the current version should be considered illegal.
Game companies think this “Big brother” attitude won’t come back to bite them, but they’re in for some surprises in the coming years.
Anon_229504
24th September 2010 at 1:43 am
Lololololol alien swarm is THE most modable valve game yet. It features an ingame level editor. + its free so valve DOES NOT owe any maps to us for alien swarm. You cannot complAin about a free game.
ollo83
you’re totally right, phillip!
i stopped playing HL2 mods a while ago and just when I wanted to play a few never ones there was this update… as I don’t want want to hassle around fixing stuff myself I just stayed cool and wanted to wait until its fixed… yeah, haven’t touched that “Half-Life 2” buttons since then….
shame on you, valve….
I too think they should fix it.While I am handy at fixing some of them myself,a few are not fixable without source files and none of the mod groups seem to let them out.
It’s nice to get communication updates from Valve, but I’d rather they work on what they work on. I realize there are people waiting on things and that it’s productive to know what’s getting fixed and what isn’t.
Who wants to roadmap their own development if they aren’t sure on the status of the tools?
I just don’t think communication has ever been Valve’s strong point. They provide tools, continual updates of the games / engine, plus the carrot of possible Steam publishing. I’d like them to be more about community support, but they’re really coder centric instead (IE: Valve Time and whatnot).
Insisting on an apology tho is more likely to stifle communication. Like the L4D2 “boycott” thing, it’s counter-productive. The more petulant the demands, the easier they are to dismiss.
Maybe it is my different perspective. I was away from the mod community for a long while and coming back right now, Hammer, etc. seem to work nicer than it did a few years ago. So I don’t have this feeling that it’s gotten worse, instead I’m feeling charged and enthused.
UDK is doing well right now and I suspect that’s part of the anxiety of mod developers, because the grass is always greener. IMHO their tools aren’t any less crashy or buggy and while convenient for formally trained 3D artists, they are otherwise not as friendly for just straight-out map creation. Pros and Cons.
Regardless with more options for modding and engine development everywhere, I think there’s this expectation that Valve should “step up”. They just just as easily fall back on games and distribution, that’s where they make their money. We’d all prefer if they revitalized modding, I’m sure all of us are hoping there’s just a big engine update on the horizon and they’re just buried in the work. *crosses fingers*
Now excuse me while I run VRAD again, it appears to have borked while I typed this. =P
I understand what you are saying but I’m not insisting. I’m not saying I won’t buy EP3 unless they apologize. Geez, it’s three words (no, not he “I Love You” ones), “We are sorry”. It’s not hard to do and goes a long, long way.
I don’t care how much work they have, it doesn’t take much to make that announcement. There are NO excuses for not doing this.
You know, inclusion of released UDK mods in PP would be great. I looked on the main UDK site and it’s difficult at best to figure out what is even available except for their “Showcase” which only highlights 8 mods (the UT3 demo should not count).
I’d like to try out some single player UDK mods, but have no idea where to look for them, if they exist at all.
You know, inclusion of released UDK mods in PP would be great.
Sorry, never gonna happen. Although, it’s a great idea for a website. I won’t even think about it because I don’t have enough time to run PP properly.
Bramblepath
I don’t think it’s time to give up yet. They’ve been silent, yes, but this is Valve and they have served us very well over their time. They wouldn’t give up on such an integral of their games” fan bases so apathetically. I’d like to think that they’re cooking something up, but there’s no way to tell.
We should try and stay faithful to Source after all they’ve done for us in the past, and hope that they do release some fixes.
I don’t think it’s time to give up yet.
I haven’t given up on a fixing appearing, just on getting some honest communication.
toops
Just let it go.
Mod supporting Valve died after they released L4D and sold millions on console.(Why bother and support the pc mod tools if they can yearly release a skin pack for 50/60$)
Remember everybody. In this rant I’m not really talking about them fixing the damn thing, just saying something like “Yes, we broke it and are sorry.”
Radiatoryang
E-mail Robin Walker. Sometimes you’ll get replies and it’s awesome because he’ll say “here’s this secret engine feature that you can use that’ll fix your problem” and then you’ll feel all special and gooey inside.
(What unfixable unspeakable problems did Eye of the Storm face, btw?)
Usually if I encounter something Source can’t do, then I change my design OR design around it. Every engine has its quirks; don’t work against those quirks, but take it in stride. You’ll be a better designer for it. It’ll make you more creative and more resourceful.
(What unfixable unspeakable problems did Eye of the Storm face, btw?
Not sure, to be honest. Maybe Lord will tell us. I might even email him about it.
20th September 2010 at 10:06 pm
Learning how to work around design problems that come out of the conflict of what I want to do and what the engine lets me do are always a great learning experience.
However, the type of problems Lord and other designers (myself included) have been getting these pasts months are the Why did they break this when it worked fine?, Why did they change this when it wasn’t needed?, Why wasn’t this optional? and a long, very long etc.
As I mentioned in the Eots2 thread: Why did the Fallingwater map I released in January of 2006 stop working in May 2010? Why do brushes dissapear in the first maps of The Citizen when they were working just fine on November 2007?
No matter how much improvements you add to an engine, how many new computers (macs etc) you can get the games working on, the truth of the matter is that you’re extremely lousy at it if you need to break previously working things on the way.
I’m determined to finish The Citizen Part 2 (three years working on it deserves it), but I will still say the Source Engine that Valve was going to update over the years turned out to be nothing but a big mess they could never handle properly.
Good for you, man!!!, I think your going to give an excellent work!!!!, and don’t giving up after 3 years of hard work is an example of what valve doesn’t want to understand, that people like kasperg mantain alive this big hl community, good for you thank you kasperg for sustain the spark of hope!!
I’m a newbie (noob?) at mapping and SDK: 2009 has lost chunks of my 5th “practice” map.
Hammer crashes are a pain and you lose your thread. Sometimes it crashes when you open it; although that seems to be happening less frequently now.
The experienced mappers may know work-arounds but I’m still learning.
I’ve now got UDK and working with (it works fine if a little ponderous).
I’ll get back to SDK when the darned thing works properly.
Yes, they could have at least said ‘sorry’.
Mappers continuing with SDK have my admiration. This includes Lord who obviously got hacked off.
There’s not a snowball’s chance in hell that he stopped before he tried to finish it many times. EOTS was very obviously a work close to his heart.
Zonbie
Well folks, that’s [a] Valve in your eye.
Cameron:D
Actually half of the problem does lie with the creator of the mod. The mods that broke are the mods that mounted the EP2 content as the primay content whereas it should have been the SDK base. When the EP2 binaries changed, their content wasn’t compatible with the 2009 engine so it broke.
And I thought Valve did mention this somewhere.
I’ve never modded for Ep2 and have had my share of problems…
If starting a mod based on the SDK Base was the way to do it, Valve could’ve made sure the “Create a mod” tools worked on that basis from start, which of course they didn’t back when a lot of people (myself included) decided to make mods for Half-life 2.
And Valve didn’t have to mention it somewhere if it was important. It should’ve been a big pop up window in Hammer or the SDK menu. I get tons of Steam popups for games I care nothing about. Why can’t Steam notice I use the SDK more than anything and keep me informed of changes and recommendations?
I won’t accept placing half the blame of modders, and I’ll explain why:
Let’s say my mod had been working flawlessly for 30 months, under a supposedly wrong configuration.
If it worked (and hundreds of people who played it over the years can confirm it did), then the setup was fine. That’s just a plain and simple fact.
If someone decided to change the engine 30 months later and my mod (or even some standalone maps after four and a half years) stops working, then I think anyone can tell who messed up what and when.
I guess the If it ain’t broke, don’t fix it hasn’t reached all corners of the world yet.
There’s a catch-22 at work with mod developers though. You want the latest and greatest features, but you also don’t want a moving target.
I know one of the reasons people love Valve is because of their support of their older products. They don’t fire and forget. There’s a fair amount of backporting to keep things running and it’s natural they would concentrate on the engine first and the SDK second.
At this point, has Valve corrected the moving target problem with the 2006 & 2007 SDK bases? Will mods created with the 2007 base still work down the road? Is there a snapshot of the tools for these versions (I honestly haven’t looked, but I believe the tools are always updated instead)?
I guess the complaint is that 2009 shouldn’t be the moving target either? Valve clearly has two moving targets, their internal working engine (ala Portal 2) and the 2009 SDK which gets some backports.
If you fully license UDK from Epic, you will end up in the same exact scenario, choosing between the current or stable versions. They just don’t have an inbetween version for backporting AFAIK. The “free” UDK is basically comparable to Source 2007 (not in features, I mean in development stages).
Kyouryuu
All the Half-Life 2 games forced themselves into the 2009 version in the Source SDK and, as mentioned before, we still lack a Source SDK Base 2009. Since that’s obviously where Valve intends for us to be modding now, where is it? That’s all I really want to know. Because, fundamentally, I’m modding in a black box right now. I’m hoping that Valve eventually releases this Base so I can create a proper mod and stop “unsafely” using the games themselves as the base. But if months pass and there’s still nothing, then I’ll be in the exact same boat Lord is.
I think that the least you can do for your fans – the absolute least really – is to acknowledge the issues in the Steam forums. It would take, what, a couple minutes of your time? I hope that’s not too much to ask.
The concept of unifying all of the Half-Life 2 games into one engine sounds like a good idea on paper. The engine has made some progress in the last few years and it’s great to see it backported into HL2 and Episode 1 like a fresh coat of paint on a nice house. But it seems to me that the problem is that they only applied the primer and stopped midway to go work on something else. So, now our house looks ugly and this first layer is peeling and chipping while we wait for the contractor to come back to finish the job.
And what if they never come back?
Exactly. A lot of the comments have been focused on the issues themselves but I hardly touched upon them. I just feel those few minutes you mention would make the community feel so much better.
That said, in the incredibly unlikely event that my rant is actually the catalyst for an apology too be issued, I will feel that they only did it to “shut us up”. If you have to ask for an apology it’s not the same as it being given freely.
Not in our case. We didn’t want the latest features (maybe a couple) and for that reason we were mapping for HL2. Not Ep1 and certainly not for Ep2.
You’d think after four and a half years they would leave the HL2 engine more or less stable… But then they decided it really did look bad and Mac users deserved something that didn’t look like it came out on Nov 2004.
Source SDK base is an inferior engine to the AppID 220 we were using and has lower vertex drawing limits which affect almost all of our maps. Why are we suddenly forced to map for it?
I could go on about how the console versions of the games added ridiculous steps to the process of close-captioning which used to need only a .txt file, but why bother… 🙁
gorpie
22nd September 2010 at 4:27 am
What maps aren’t working? o.o
I haven’t tested any maps, assuming that they all work fine.
MrTwoVideoCards
Working with City17 Episode 1, we’ve only encountered the same problems with the numerous sdk updates around the month of may, each seeming to break things more after another. This already on top of the fact the tools are unstable as hell.
Quite a lot of people at Interlopers have been feeling the same way, and have been moving to other more flexible engines like Unreal, and Cryengine. I’m giving up source myself more or less after City17’s release. I don’t really think Valve is going to get their act together anytime soon.
AzzX
A lot of issues and work arounds are posted on the Valve Dev wiki: http://developer.valvesoftware.com/wiki/Source_SDK_Known_Issues including the fix
Including the reset game configurations you mentioned in another post: http://developer.valvesoftware.com/wiki/Resetting_a_Custom_Mod_Game_Configuration
I guess with an evolving engine like Source these things are bound to happen. Maybe they should do away with incremental updates aka the Unreal engine – I don’t know.
What I would put money on though is a massive engine update coming soon – perhaps a completely new revised source engine.
bobdog
PP, why don’t you also email Gabe himself? That’s who you really want to apologize. Send him your discussion, and a link to this thread. Who knows?
Firstly, to be honest I’m not really worried about an apology. I was just posturing. The situation hasn’t really affected me, since I don’t currently use Source tools. I don’t need to play old mods yet, so really the whole issue hasn’t caused me any problem.
I do feel strongly that they should apologize to the community though.
Secondly, I don’t see why I should have to contact a company to get an apology. My point is that it should have been given freely.
Lastly, of all the emails I’ve sent valve, not many but around 5 or 6, I’ve only ever received one reply. That greatly disappoints me. EVERY single email I receive that is a legitimate mail that requires an reply gets answered. No Exceptions. If you pout your email on a website you should answer every single message. Sure, they receive a lot more email than I do but I don’t care. Can you imagine finding out that they only answered 1 in 6 phone calls?
Many companies behave this way and it’s wrong.
keithinvietnam
23rd September 2010 at 9:18 am
Also, Gabe invites players to contact him right in some of the games themselves. Why bother if he hardly ever replies?
clearly valve has a public relations person. or even a secretary who could answer the question with out giving any “trade secrets” away.
I have been very busy last part of the year and when a great mod came around I loaded it into steam and would get to it when I could. I lost the ability to play 13 large story lined mods made by great people. when I review I try to be fair and say why I like them and what I did not. I do what I can to help other gamers who get stuck as others who post here do to. it is not too much to ask for something from valve.
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Totally agree with you phillip!!, it was about time that some one with enough weight as you into the HL mod playing community tell those valve’s big fishes nothing but truth..
Moreover I would add, or better, I would want to rise my voice to all HL mod gamers, in a kind REVOLUTION scream, I mean, a revolution for the truth, I demmand as a gamer and steam user, that valve publish or reveal what they are triyng to do with the engeines, and mainly also that they reveal details about the HL ep 3 development, I think that valve developers also let themselves down, and I think they are so ungrateful with the concept and game that made them sooo rich…., I mean if were not for that HL game that the community helped to became the greatest game ever, those valve developers were NOTHING in the industry,, otherwise they reveal many updates even blogs for other products, but let HL series just rot on the shelf!!!!, thats so UNFAIR, and a demonstration of that fact is what is happening right now with all the trouble modders are experiencing.
Also I join to phillips demand and as a gamer and usser, I ask to valve at least an appology, because with all those rough moves you are demonstrating that HL universe (which owes you all what you are right now) just don’t care at all……., valve is more interested in keep their big mouth shout, just to make “easy and whealty hits”, than to have a big moding and gamers community pleased.
Finally, I said it once, and I am saying it again VALVE’s SILENCE IS THEIR BIGEST SIN, and mistake…….
pd: Valve revolutioned the game industry once due to it’s sense of communtiy that now it seems to stop or just destroy…..
As many have said, the idea of updating the engine is great in theory and on paper but the reality is a lot different.
If we had know about all this we might have chosen to not auto-update and shouldn’t the ability to backdate be also part of the concept?
I would have prefer fixed engines, that I know are stable and work. Even if that means 5 different engines with 5 different sets of tools, at least we know where we stand.
It’s times like this that you can almost understand people using pirated software.
Shadowmancer471
21st September 2010 at 6:22 pm
The modding community is dying?
Well, I think it’ll take it a long time to dwindle away considering how huge it is.
I think we’re still good for a while yet, many people are still mapping (I myself am in map 2 of my 5 map pack), and it only takes a quick look at FPSB to see how well HL2’s community is proliferating.
Sure, every modding community dies out, but I still think there’s a little (or a lot of) life in this one
I think past the way that the HL2 games have been coded (expecting a company to restructure their entire codebase to make modding easier is completely unreasonable, of course) this issue boils down to a couple of major points (excluding the rare rate of bug fixes):
The wiki is too unofficial, there needs to be an official listing somewhere that has more technical details of SDK updates. Occasionally someone at Valve will respond with valuable information somewhere on the mailing lists or wiki but it’s too rare and too hard to find.
Updates are forced on us, we should be able to chose to install updates to the sdk, and to single player games in general. Should people with poor systems be forced to install the multi-gigabyte HL2 update? Of course not, yet Steam forces you to do so. I’ve had the first Modern Warefare uninstalled for a few months because it just kept reinstalling and murdering my bandwidth because Steam was erronously detecting it as out of date. A simple “An update is available for this game, would you like to install it?” or “An update is required in order to play this multiplayer game, would you like to install it now?” would make such issues far less annoying. I still consider this something high on the priority list. Just a few months back the SDK was completely unusable because of a failed update, fanmade fixes work fine but the fact that Steam necessitates that the tools reinstall from Valve’s broken copies means a hell of a lot of work copy files back and forth every time you want to get some work done. The ability to use the tools without being connected to Steam would also be a plus, there’s no real need for you to be.
21st September 2010 at 10:06 pm
I’ve never understood the concept of an apology. What does it do? Nothing at all, just makes you feel better thats all. Come on people, we aren’t children any more.
I find your comment insulting. Apologies are not just for children and I find it hard to believe that you can go through life without making apologies for the mistakes you made. When you do something wrong you should admit it and apologizing is part of that.
Just think if some great projects would go to rubish due to this issues, like black mesa mod or the gate 2 total converssion, that would be a shame, and I surelly would be so pissed of to death, with valve……..
geekofalltrades
ITT: Gamers with entitlement issues (surprise surprise). Valve doesn’t owe any of us anything.
Yes they do. I paid for a product with certain features. Those features no longer work.
Yes, also if we are costumers, we have costumers rights, not demand them is just nosense…..
I don’t think you understand what’s happening here if you believe that. Depending on your perspective, this is causing more harm than if Valve completely abandoned all support after release. It’s one thing to just not fix bugs, that happens to all companies. It’s another thing to add new changes that create bugs, never fix those, then have no legal means of reverting back to the version that worked before it was broken.
As for entitlement issues, an analogy would be say you bought a house, then found out it had some problems. You can’t expect the former owner to fix that. But you can expect the former owner not to come back after you’ve already bought the house and set fire to it.
22nd September 2010 at 3:53 pm
Yes, why exactly some of the tools appear to have actually been broken, and then instead of being rolled back or god-forbid FIXED is really beyond me. That’s extraordinarily poor, more so in my mind than any of the code changes that create issues and incompatibilites.
I can only guess that part of the issue lies in the thousands of emails they probably get a day calling Gabe overweight, reading through them all must be quite a task but then again they have an official mailing list…
I do consider some of the complaints to be annoying but I really can see where they’re coming from when stuff is outright broken and completely unusable. The fact that the black-screen-of-death Hammer managed to get released to the public with seemingly no internal or public-beta testing is absolutely bonkers.
I definitely don’t think that this means that modding will come to an end, as modding has been around for much longer than this and will continue to persist as long as people have the will to mod. Considering that the oldest mods I know of are literally as old as I am, from back when Wolfenstein 3D was first released, I’d say that modding has lasted too long for it to drop because Valve abandons the modders. It does, however, seem likely to me that Half-Life 2 modding will take a big hit from this that will cause both quality and quantity of Source mods to drop.
With my predictions out of the way, I want to express that while I see myself as a Valve fanboy who can’t help but kiss their asses, there’s really no other way to look at this other than as a dick move. Valve set up a platform where people could work hard to make mods based on the Source engine, all the while making comments that modders are a huge part of what keeps them alive. It seems they had nothing but praise, appreciation, and respect for modders not too long ago, so when they suddenly break the modabilty of their game (and quite a few mods with it) and not really say anything about it, it seems like nothing but betrayal.
I hope that Valve does something to right this wrong. Only time will tell if they do.
I think you are correct to say that Half-Life 2 modding would take a hit. There is no shortage of modding interest in other games. Heck, people still make WADs for the first Doom.
ANonEntity
LOL! Valve is more interested in buying and selling games now, alá “iGames/iTunes”. Just bought -Trine- at Steam.
WGIVENS
Wow… You Know What? Valve Will Never Fix it as long as there is “Nothing Wrong” With it and we need to All Email/Call/Skype/SteamMSG/Gmail/YahooMSG/ And Send Letters To Gabe or VALVE… Because Until It Gets Big Enough, Nothing will Happen…
I Sent Them an Email NO REPLY, But if we Send Enough E-Mails. they may not have to answer about 5 or 6 emails about sdk in a day but if it jumps up into Double Or Triple
Digits Every Day They Will Have To Answer… So Will This Ever Happen? Who Knows…
Valve Has Also Probaly Fell Victim to “THE NEW GUY” Syndrome XD
Shawn W. Givens
9/22/10 DONT YOU WISH YOU COULD TYPE NEAT LIKE ME?
I’ve run into countless bugs, but I’ve never bothered contacting Valve about it. What discouraged me was that on the Wiki itself, for the bugs that HAVE been documented and fixed (from my perspective, most haven’t), users list the actual code solution to fix it. Yet, revision after revision of the engine goes by without these fixes. When they can’t be bothered to fix it when it’s handed to them on a silver platter, I doubt emails would have much more effect. Besides, the problem is it’s not just ONE bug that plagues things, it’s many of them.
I think the bottom line here is that modding and engine licensing simply isn’t turning out very profitable for them, so they’re probably pushing it to the back burner indefinitely while newer games and multiplayer updates take priority.
Crash-Override
I agree with you completely man. I’ve been working with source now for ages, and everyday I deal with the same crashes.
To many custom textures loaded in (crash)
STILL waiting for the alternative ladder option to be fixed (since about 07)
Prefab bug
STILL WAITING FOR SCALEABLE MODELS
As you and many others have pointed out, broken codes
They took out the ability to compile maps without being in hammer in the latest update
The list goes on….
I Sometimes think there trying to kill off their pc market (or atleast their modding community)
Excellent post, Phillip!
I’ve been thinking of doing a more in-depth article on LG, maybe see if we can get a bigger push on this subject.
Can I do it, or do you have other plans?
23rd September 2010 at 10:02 am
Feel free to write an in-depth article. My post was more about my expectations, rather than the issues with the tools themselves. I *may* create a video about the rant in collaboration with a well-known machinimaist (is that even a word?)
23rd September 2010 at 5:15 pm
Wow, that’s pretty great!
And I imagine it would be… machinimist? Hmm. I’ll have to meditate over that one.
As a Mac user, I entered into the current Source engine only just this year as running/virtualizing Windows on my machine in 2004, when HL2 was released, wasn’t possible. I got in on the free Portal download and bought the full HL2 series as they because available for Mac. It didn’t take long for me to realize that these Source games just didn’t run as well or fast as on the PC counterparts of my much older iMac, with ATI x3100 hardware.
So, I turned to Crossover Games, which is basically virtualization without the overhead of the Windows OS, in order to play these purchased Source games on my Mac – but using the Windows executable of both Steam and HL2. What I discovered was that the update that Valve had put in place to make the Mac version look/run nice or bring the two platforms “into sync” as I’ve mentioned before actually had the effect of breaking a good number of things in the untouched Windows version of the original HL2 game.
Most notable was that Valve had incorporated some bloom lighting effects that were previously not available into some maps of Half Life 2, which worked fine on Macs, but for a good number of the original Windows user base, resulted in broken light maps that wouldn’t load. The effect of this was all of map was evenly and brightly lit – ugly and not appropriate for game play. Keep in mind this has nothing to do with my using Crossover Games. This is a documented problem (easily found using Google) which could only be fixed by hunting down an older version of the HL2 Content GCF file to extract out older versions of the affected maps and put them into the right sub folder of your steam user data folder for Half Life 2. At this point it’s been a couple of months since I had to do that, so I’m not sure if Valve ultimately fixed that problem, but it remained a problem for some months after the HL2 Source files were updated in May and then June.
My point here is that the changes made to the Source engine earlier this year don’t only affect the proper running of HL2 series mods, but also the original game itself. Another reason I moved from running HL2 natively on my Mac into Crossover was to gain access to the multitude of mods which have been created over the last 6 years – since Valve has shown zero support for mods on Macs running HL2 up to now. You can imagine my dissapointment once I discovered that many of these mods – the result of hundreds or thousands of hours of work – had been broken by this year’s updates. Even the first mod I tried – Minerva: Metastasis – was plagued by issues created by the updates, after some hours of pulling my hair out on it crashing 25% into the game, I finally got a hold of older GCF files to perform a idiotic custom install of some of those files and the original install of Minerva in order to start the mod from the beginning again to finally get it to work for me.
The thing that bothers me most is with all of the users out there posting questions about these kind of problems – both with the original HL2 game itself as well as the mods – there has been little or no explanation as to why there are so many problems or what users (or developers) can do to rememedy them. If I’m wrong on this, please post the links, but this is why some very kind people – like Gorpie – have taken it upon themselves to share what they know from their experiences that may help other users to get things working again. I know that Valve doesn’t take any responsibility for the installation of 3rd party mods by users, but then they have both provided the tools to create mods and forced the modders to register their mods with Steam to get them to show up (as I understand it.)
It seems to me that with Portal 2 coming soon, and HL2 Ep3 still in the works, Valve should be doing everything they can to keep the mod community alive, as it continues interest in the platform and can even help to be a driving reason for people to buy the games. However, if they believe that they must work towards satisfying the lowest common denominator of user customization – being consoles – then they should stop fooling the users and remove all tools for modding, because they ultimately won’t be supported. It’s the lack of communication on their plans which is the most maddening thing, because how can we decide whether it’s headed for being a closed or open development gaming engine?
Minerva being broken could be considered a blessing since it’s creator, Adam Foster, actually works at Valve now so there’s a chance that the issues will be passed to the actual engine programmers.
mr.Valve
This comment has been removed as it broke the Comment Guidelines .
Dusty_Lions
At the end of the day they are just business men…They are what they are bro. Don’t let them get you all worked up..They are NOT worth a stroke or worse..
Bolx
I think Valve need to take a good long look at the foot they’ve shot themselves in. The Half Life series has had probably the longest life of any FPS thanks to the modding/mapping community; many of the modern games of whatever genre seem to be in the spotlight until the next big thing comes along.
I’ve been playing Half life since it came out in 1998 and after reading the comments from modders/mappers who are regular contributors on PlanetPhillip, I can see why there could a migration away from the game we visit this site for. This year seems to have seen a sharp slowdown in quality mods/maps.
I’m not qualified to comment on the technicalities of the issue, but reading the comments of those who are, I cant help but wonder how much longer I will be able to carry on playing games I have paid for, at this point HL2 EP1 no longer works at all.
Are you using steam? They are still selling them, Eps 1&2. The Steam client is free and you can add non-steam games, I’ve done it. Some work some don’t, but Eps 1&2 are working in steam just fine.
26th September 2010 at 12:19 am
There is one person I’ve been trying to help in the Steam forums who’s done almost everything to get Ep1 to run. He(?) is the only person who has posted in the forum who continues to have trouble. Everyone else (who has posted) has managed to get it running.
If you’re not the same person whom I’ve been trying to help in the Steam forums, you can see this thread if you want. It’s finally working for them. Also, if you want help, post a topic there.
http://forums.steampowered.com/forums/showthread.php?t=1423184
EricFong
Good point, city 17 episode one mod was suppose to be release early until VALVe update the engine and seen like they don’t care about modder anymore.
Perhaps a modder strike is in order. Most of us as far as I have seen will, have and would buy a game just to play the mods. Lesser things have worked, If you think about it, with all the mods out there, what if suddenly there were no mods. The game they put out would get old quick. Without mods I think the industry would take a hit. One they should feel.. It might take time, but with little to lose and not even that (mods could be worked on in dark labs in dank basements around the world while they figured it out) An all out boycott would really smack’em upside the head.. Passive resistance works.. Just a thought.
Harry Bob
Hoorah man, i’ve been waiting for fixes for such a long time, and nothing is going to happen unless they’re actually bothered about it. Those big companies seriously don’t care about the average players opinions, unless it’s something big. We, the community have to make it big. That is what we intend to do
coldroll
I’m giving it two more years and I will probably give up too.
ArEsTuS
Try to get a time where there are no problems, or an old patch, then turn your steam to Offline.
I’ve actually received hate mail over this post. Amazing. Almost made me want to walk away completely and not look back.
Hate mail!
How disgusting. How abhorrent.
Remember though that there is a small part of any society that enjoys this sort of thing; just for the sake of it.
They are insignificant and know it and that’s why they do it.
Best ignored.
By the significant, you are esteemed (if not always agreed with 😉 ).
Hate is of no value bro. I get riled up at time too. I feel you…
Maybe it’s time to end this section?? If that’s some of the cr*p some resort to! I’ve been going thru some of the HL2 mods I have stored, and all I can say is “I’m not too pleased!” with the results so far!! 🙁 But Valve is a big company and Valve is going to do what Valve is going to do!! Sorry to read that your upset, you don’t deserve any of it!! Hey how about forwarding some of to me, I can give ’em a reply they won’t soon forget!(hehe)
Let no one take your peace.. Valve us a corporate octopus. Don’t expect any words from them,
For me some of the fixes have worked, some have not. I read some where that if you have the original vintage disk, you can create a new folder to run those good old amazing vintage mods. I remember one where you had to jump down these shutes. If you chose wrong SPAT. If you picked the right one you landed in water and could clime out. Not to get off topic, but does any one remember the name of that mod?
Back on topic here, The mod lover community must be huge. Do we have any numbers? How many of us ARE mod fanatics that just wait for the next mod to come out? Seems from reading around the community these numbers would be quite large. Has any one ever taken a head count? Maybe we could do this with a poll
Do you prefer mods and play them?
Not a mod player in general?
with the usual button for yes/no. Could be done with Poll Daddy.
Out of here for the night.. But I think this should be polled so we have some idea of how many of us there are. There is power in numbers. If the game makers started getting sacks of snail mail (the best way to get their attention) we might make some real noise.
This works on the political front, why not here?
Derposaur
1st October 2010 at 12:20 pm
I too hate everything about the horrible publicity stunt the recent engine updates were.
I demand the old Half Life 2! The way it looks now is disgusting. The engine is updated but the maps aren’t altered to suit the new lighting. The environment is way brighter than the skyboxes are, for starters, and many ambient shadows are broken.
If you also miss the old source engine, please join my Steam group; Knights of the Old Source, and help spread the word; Orange Box engine sucks!
http://steamcommunity.com/groups/source04
2muchvideogames
valve is both developer and modder, they already made so many other mods for their own game (l4d, ep1,2, etc.) Of course they would want to change the engine for their own needs. The problem, is STEAM. With this piece of crap, you are forced to update your game whether you want to or not. (WON didn’t have this problem) But of course Steam is delivering valve lotsa money, so sucks to be us (I’ll stick with goldsource.)
qwuke
31st October 2010 at 4:40 pm
yeah, this entire discussion is partly true. a ton of mods have been broken. but thats the thing about the valve community. we communicate. whenever there is something broken, we complain, they fix it[most of the time]. whenever there’s an overpowered class in TF2 from some odd update, they overpower a different class[its true]. whenever there is a boycott for trolls who decide they dont like a game, but complain about the game for no real reason at all, and then join together to make a unified trolling community to make valve a less than ideal looking group of people, they bribe the leaders of the boycott to make some sort of break up inside said community of trolls. whenever they break the mods to the source engine, they decide to fix it… wait a moment here….
6th November 2010 at 10:37 pm
The difference is, it’s pretty obvious that Team Fortress 2 and the Left 4 Dead series are where Valve’s attention is right now. Case in point – when something goes wrong with the L4D tools, there’s an update in about 48 hours.
It’s not like people haven’t complained or questioned when they’ll get to fixing up HL2. But all inquiries have been met with universal silence. And this has gone on for almost five months now.
If it’s their prerogative that they don’t plan to release an SDK 2009 base, that’s unfortunate, but fine. But SAY SO. Don’t leave everyone hanging like this. Show some common courtesy to your fan base! Modders dump dozens, if not hundreds of hours, into making a mods for YOUR game. Least they could do is spare two minutes for an update.
What really awful about modding with their tools is there glitching and crash, some of the stuff doesn’t even work, like the model browser in l4d2. This is starting to make Valve’s look really helpless. They can’t even fix their own tools, let alone add new features to them.
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Full Interview Of Luv After Eviction. Revealed Many Things About Hina
Deepa A.
In just 1 week, we will get to experience the BIG FINALE of Bigg Boss. BB 11 has been an entertaining season and has gained more popularity than other seasons.
Today we saw one more disheartening eviction; Luv Tyagi bid goodbye to the house and we are very sad for him. He had proved himself in last few days and he could have easily reached the finale.
Sadly, he couldn’t get through the mall task as he got the least number of votes. So, even though he had won the Mount BB task, he failed due to the mall task. Shilpa Shinde, Hina Khan and Vikas Gupta got saved!
Now that Luv has been evicted, he has revealed a lot of things about the housemates, especially Hina Khan. He predicted that Shilpa Shinde would win the show.
Also, he said that he would love to see Shilpa, Hina and Vikas in top 3. Luv said that Hina has a bit of ego problem and he has told that to her on many occasions.
When asked about why he ditched Hina in the last week, Luv said that he wished to play individually and get ticket to Finale at any cost. To hear more revelations, watch the video below;
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Click here to watch the video directly on YouTube.
Well, we really don’t know what more masala we will get to see in the house.
Good News For All Bandgi Fans. She Has Bagged A Role In Bollywood Movie & Here Are Details
Ranveer & Deepika’s Liplock Goes Viral. But Here’s The Truth
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Kruse Wellwood in prison for 2010 sexual assault and murder of Langford teen
One of two men responsible for the brutal sexual assault, torture and murder of Langford teen Kimberly Proctor has been denied day parole.
Earlier this year, Kruse Wellwood applied for day parole from Mission Institution, a medium-security prison where he is an inmate. On Wednesday the Parole Board of Canada denied his request.
Proctor’s aunt, Jo-Ann Landolt, said the parole board did not find Wellwood psychologically fit for day release.
“I didn’t expect anything else,” said Landolt. “All of us really didn’t expect him to be released.”
But that doesn’t mean the hearing process wasn’t extremely difficult and emotional for the family, she added.
READ ALSO: Family of Langford’s Kimberly Proctor brought back to ‘emotional state’ as her killer applies for day parole
In 2010, 18-year-old Kimberly Proctor was sexually assaulted and murdered by Wellwood, then 16, and Cameron Moffat, then 17.
After learning of Wellwood’s parole application in May, Proctor’s family released a statement re-iterating the horrific nature of her assault and the final moments of her life.
Proctor’s father, Fred, said he was told his daughter was tortured, bound and thrown in a deep freezer while alive, eventually succumbing to asphyxiation. The next day her killers put her body in a hockey bag, took her to a ravine and lit her body on fire.
READ ALSO: Proctor’s killers troubled, angry from the start
Landolt said members of the teen’s family prepared statements and sat through the hearing.
“All in all, I mean, it’s been difficult,” she said. “But at the end of the day, we all felt good about it. He’s where he should be, and this just confirms that he will be in there for along time.”
Landolt said she and the family feel positive and are hoping Wellwood does not apply for parole again. “If he does we’re just going to go again,” she said. “It’s important for the family to be there to support Kimmy after everything she went through.”
The Parole Board of Canada has not yet responded to a request for the parole decision.
nina.grossman@blackpress.ca
Greater Victoria commission says ‘no’ to regional youth transit pass pilot
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© 2015 by Ashley Mayers
THE SITA
THE SITA CHRONICLES
7 books. 1 Million Words. A Modern Epic to Transcend the Ages.
Seven powerful heroines must find their strength and come together to save two worlds from an interplanetary apocalypse in a completely modern, multicultural epic that is "hauntingly relevant to today's world."
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Praise for THE SITA CHRONICLES:
"This is a FABULOUS read! … The story just flowed so well and the characters were very real and relatable - characters you care about and can't wait to find out what will happen next. I HIGHLY recommend this to those who enjoy great writing as well as a book that spans cultures and time/history." Sherri Smith, GoodReads
"THIS WAS SO GREAT! I absolutely love the world building … The ensemble cast of characters is also fantastic! They all have interesting backstories and distinct personalities. Writing is great, story is awesome, pacing on point." Verona Eekma de Vries, GoodReads
“Once the foundation was built, I thought I was on a ‘skyscraper’ metaphorically speaking. This book is outstanding.” Janet Arroyo, GoodReads
"Violet Sapphire is an amazing follow up to Red Sapphire and in my opinion I found the second book even better. The story is exciting, packed full of mysteries and looming danger, all created through great writing. I found the characters more intriguing in this book as more aspects of their backgrounds are uncovered but you're still left with lingering questions about parts of their stories and destined paths... This is an amazing follow up to a fantastic first book and I'd recommend for everyone to at least try to start this series." Reading Corner, GoodReads
"I really enjoyed this book, it's made me feel better about YA. It's super well written, the characters are realistic and had realistic reactions to the events. I loved the independence and the strength of the female characters and that the main character, Supriya, didn't need to be saved as such. But she also wasn't this super powerful "I can do anything on my own" all of a sudden either. The mythology of the book was also well written and interesting. I loved that the few scenes that took place in India didn't have an "exotic wonderland" setting that a lot of YA has been doing recently. All in all this was great. Diverse, realistic and strong characters, a super interesting world and an interesting storyline :)" Gotherella BioVenom, GoodReads
"This series is shockingly good, much better than I realized even as I finished the first book, and I highly recommend it." Anika Shankar, GoodReads
"Will be waiting for the next installment. Shanti and Vibhishana are clearly the heroes in this out of the world explanation giving Ramayan a new twist. Here Raam surely knows what wrong he did, and Sita knows what should be done. Go for it guys. It'll give you a new perspective. All the books are well written. The writer surely knows our epics well." - Divya Branwal, Amazon India
"I am a fan of books that portray mythical stories with respect to the present era. With Sita Chronicles just doing it that way, my love for this book is immense! I keep waiting for the release of each book and would rush to grab a copy of it as soon as it is released. I am yet to read the 5th book but the other 4 books are awesome! Especially the 1st and the 4th. The story has been portioned in the right way and the suspense and grip is being maintained. My immense love and pride for Neha! Such a wonderful character and she is wonderfully portrayed in the series!" - Shenba L.
"... Although Mayers dives right into this third installment [White Sapphire], her meticulous prose will slowly ease readers into the series, whether they’re new or returning... A series installment that further develops its sturdy characters, but still leaves a bounty of curious subplots unresolved." - Kirkus Reviews
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Guetersloh
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Germany // Guetersloh
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Car Hire with Sixt in Guetersloh, Germany
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National Conservation Easement Database (NCED)
The National Conservation Easement Database (NCED) is a collaborative venture to compile easement records (both spatial and tabular) from land trusts and public agencies throughout the United States in a single, up-to-date, sustainable, GIS compatible, online source. The goal of the NCED is to provide a comprehensive picture of conservation easement lands, recognizing their contribution to America's natural heritage, a vibrant economy, and healthy communities. Conservation easements are legal agreements voluntarily entered into between landowners and conservation entities (agencies or land trusts) for the express purpose of protecting certain societal values such as open space or vital wildlife habitats. In some...
Categories: Data; Types: ArcGIS REST Map Service, ArcGIS Service Definition, Downloadable, Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, Shapefile; Tags: Conservation Easement, Conservation Easement, Conservation Easement, Conservation Easement, Conservation Easement, All tags... Conservation Easement, Conservation Easement, Conservation Easement, Conservation Easement, Conservation Easement, Conservation Planning, Conservation Planning, Conservation Planning, Conservation Planning, Conservation Planning, Conservation Planning, Conservation Planning, Conservation Planning, Conservation Planning, Conservation Planning, GAP codes, GAP codes, GAP codes, GAP codes, GAP codes, GAP codes, GAP codes, GAP codes, GAP codes, GAP codes, United States, United States, United States, United States, United States, United States, United States, United States, boundaries, boundaries, boundaries, boundaries, boundaries, boundaries, boundaries, boundaries, boundaries, boundaries, environment, environment, environment, environment, environment, environment, environment, environment, environment, environment, Fewer tags
Protected Areas - Southeast Region May 2010
Protected areas are cornerstones of national and international conservation strategies. By way of these designations, lands and waters are set-aside in-perpetuity to preserve functioning natural ecosystems, act as refuges for species, and maintain ecological processes. Complementary conservation strategies preserve land for the sustainable use of natural resources, or for the protection of significant geologic and cultural features or open space. PAD-US 1.1 (CBI Edition) attempts to include all available spatial data on these places. It is our goal to publish the most comprehensive geospatial data set of U. S. protected areas to date. PAD-US 1.1 (CBI Edition) is limited to the continental U.S., Alaska, and Hawaii....
Tags: conservation easement, gap codes, iucn codes, protected areas
Protected Areas - Central Region May 2010
National Parks, USA - May 2010
This dataset is an extraction from PAD-US 1.1 (CBI Edition), by National Parks management designation. The PAD-US 1.1 (CBI Edition) data set portrays the nation's protected areas with a standardized spatial geometry and numerous valuable attributes on land ownership, management designations, and conservation status (using national GAP and international IUCN coding systems). The PAD-US 1.1 (CBI Edition) defines protected areas to include all lands dedicated to the preservation of biological diversity and to other natural, recreation and cultural uses, and managed for these purposes through legal or other effective means (adapted from IUCN definition). The database represents the full range of conservation designations...
Federally-Owned Protected Areas - Oregon, USA May 2010
This dataset is an extraction from PAD-US 1.1 (CBI Edition), by state. The PAD-US 1.1 (CBI Edition) data set portrays the nation's protected areas with a standardized spatial geometry and numerous valuable attributes on land ownership, management designations, and conservation status (using national GAP and international IUCN coding systems). The PAD-US 1.1 (CBI Edition) defines protected areas to include all lands dedicated to the preservation of biological diversity and to other natural, recreation and cultural uses, and managed for these purposes through legal or other effective means (adapted from IUCN definition). The database represents the full range of conservation designations that preserve these...
Tags: conservation easement, gap codes, iucn codes, oregon, protected areas
PAD-US 1.1 (CBI Edition): Areas under secondary threat from the Deepwater Horizon Gulf of Mexico oil spill, determined by 06/11/2010 USF Trajectories.
This dataset is extracted from PAD-US 1.1 (CBI Edition), and the original metadata has been included here, below. These protected areas were roughly identified by the Conservation Biology Institute as being secondarily threatened by the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. The probability of being affected was determined using the University of South Florida's Deepwater Horizon oil spill trajectory forecast from the WFS ROMS numerical model, as projected for 06/11/2010 at 00h UTC (http://ocg6.marine.usf.edu/~liu/oil_spill_ensemble_forecast.html). For more information, please see the Oil Spill in the Gulf of Mexico page at Data Basin (http://www.databasin.org/aquatic-center/features/oil-spill or http://www.databasin.org)....
Tags: conservation easement, deepwater horizon, gap codes, gulf of mexico, iucn codes, All tags... oil spill, protected areas, Fewer tags
Protected Areas - Minnesota, May 2010
(A newer version of these data is now available, Protected Areas - Minnesota, October 2012 ) This dataset is an extraction from PAD-US 1.1 (CBI Edition), by state. The PAD-US 1.1 (CBI Edition) data set portrays the nation's protected areas with a standardized spatial geometry and numerous valuable attributes on land ownership, management designations, and conservation status (using national GAP and international IUCN coding systems). The PAD-US 1.1 (CBI Edition) defines protected areas to include all lands dedicated to the preservation of biological diversity and to other natural, recreation and cultural uses, and managed for these purposes through legal or other effective means (adapted from IUCN definition)....
Protected Areas - Maine, May 2010
(A newer version of these data is now available, Protected Areas - Maine, October 2012 ) This dataset is an extraction from PAD-US 1.1 (CBI Edition), by state. The PAD-US 1.1 (CBI Edition) data set portrays the nation's protected areas with a standardized spatial geometry and numerous valuable attributes on land ownership, management designations, and conservation status (using national GAP and international IUCN coding systems). The PAD-US 1.1 (CBI Edition) defines protected areas to include all lands dedicated to the preservation of biological diversity and to other natural, recreation and cultural uses, and managed for these purposes through legal or other effective means (adapted from IUCN definition). The...
Protected Areas - Montana, May 2010
(A newer version of these data is now available, Protected Areas - Montana, October 2012 ) This dataset is an extraction from PAD-US 1.1 (CBI Edition), by state. The PAD-US 1.1 (CBI Edition) data set portrays the nation's protected areas with a standardized spatial geometry and numerous valuable attributes on land ownership, management designations, and conservation status (using national GAP and international IUCN coding systems). The PAD-US 1.1 (CBI Edition) defines protected areas to include all lands dedicated to the preservation of biological diversity and to other natural, recreation and cultural uses, and managed for these purposes through legal or other effective means (adapted from IUCN definition). The...
Protected Areas - Hawaii, May 2010
(A newer version of these data is now available, Protected Areas - Hawaii, October 2012 ) This dataset is an extraction from PAD-US 1.1 (CBI Edition), by state. The PAD-US 1.1 (CBI Edition) data set portrays the nation's protected areas with a standardized spatial geometry and numerous valuable attributes on land ownership, management designations, and conservation status (using national GAP and international IUCN coding systems). The PAD-US 1.1 (CBI Edition) defines protected areas to include all lands dedicated to the preservation of biological diversity and to other natural, recreation and cultural uses, and managed for these purposes through legal or other effective means (adapted from IUCN definition). The...
BLM REA NGB 2011 DOD and DOE Land in the NGB
Types: Downloadable; Tags: BLM, Bureau of Land Management, Conservation Easement, DOI, GAP Codes, All tags... Geospatial, IUCN Codes, Management, NGB 2011, Northern Great Basin, Protected Areas, REA, Rapid Ecoregional Assessment, intelligenceMilitary, Fewer tags
PAD-US 1.1 (CBI Edition): Areas under primary threat from the Deepwater Horizon Gulf of Mexico oil spill, determined by 06/03/2010 USF Trajectories.
This dataset is extracted from PAD-US 1.1 (CBI Edition), and the original metadata has been included here. These protected areas were roughly identified by the Conservation Biology Institute as being the "most immediately" threatened by the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. The probability of being affected was determined using the University of South Florida's Deepwater Horizon oil spill trajectory forecast from the WFS ROMS numerical model, as projected for 06/03/2010 at 00h UTC (http://ocg6.marine.usf.edu/~liu/oil_spill_ensemble_forecast.html). For more information, please see the Oil Spill in the Gulf of Mexico page at Data Basin (http://www.databasin.org/aquatic-center/features/oil-spill...
Protected Areas - Oregon, May 2010
(A newer version of these data is now available, Protected Areas - Oregon, October 2012 ) This dataset is an extraction from PAD-US 1.1 (CBI Edition), by state. The PAD-US 1.1 (CBI Edition) data set portrays the nation's protected areas with a standardized spatial geometry and numerous valuable attributes on land ownership, management designations, and conservation status (using national GAP and international IUCN coding systems). The PAD-US 1.1 (CBI Edition) defines protected areas to include all lands dedicated to the preservation of biological diversity and to other natural, recreation and cultural uses, and managed for these purposes through legal or other effective means (adapted from IUCN definition). The...
Protected Areas - Georgia, May 2010
(A newer version of these data is now available, Protected Areas - Georgia, October 2012 ) This dataset is an extraction from PAD-US 1.1 (CBI Edition), by state. The PAD-US 1.1 (CBI Edition) data set portrays the nation's protected areas with a standardized spatial geometry and numerous valuable attributes on land ownership, management designations, and conservation status (using national GAP and international IUCN coding systems). The PAD-US 1.1 (CBI Edition) defines protected areas to include all lands dedicated to the preservation of biological diversity and to other natural, recreation and cultural uses, and managed for these purposes through legal or other effective means (adapted from IUCN definition). The...
Protected Areas - Connecticut, May 2010
(A newer version of these data is now available, Protected Areas - Connecticut, October 2012 ) This dataset is an extraction from PAD-US 1.1 (CBI Edition), by state. The PAD-US 1.1 (CBI Edition) data set portrays the nation's protected areas with a standardized spatial geometry and numerous valuable attributes on land ownership, management designations, and conservation status (using national GAP and international IUCN coding systems). The PAD-US 1.1 (CBI Edition) defines protected areas to include all lands dedicated to the preservation of biological diversity and to other natural, recreation and cultural uses, and managed for these purposes through legal or other effective means (adapted from IUCN definition)....
Protected Areas - Arkansas, May 2010
(A newer version of these data is now available, Protected Areas - Arkansas, October 2012 ) This dataset is an extraction from PAD-US 1.1 (CBI Edition), by state. The PAD-US 1.1 (CBI Edition) data set portrays the nation's protected areas with a standardized spatial geometry and numerous valuable attributes on land ownership, management designations, and conservation status (using national GAP and international IUCN coding systems). The PAD-US 1.1 (CBI Edition) defines protected areas to include all lands dedicated to the preservation of biological diversity and to other natural, recreation and cultural uses, and managed for these purposes through legal or other effective means (adapted from IUCN definition). The...
Protected Areas - Florida, May 2010
(A newer version of these data is now available, Protected Areas - Florida, October 2012 ) The Florida Natural Areas Inventory (FNAI) is the primary source of protected areas data within the PAD-US 1.1 (CBI Edition) dataset for Florida. FNAI serves as Florida's central repository for conservation lands data and makes quarterly updates available on its web site. A shape file of the most current data on Florida conservation lands can be downloaded at: http://www.fnai.org/conservationlands.cfm. The PAD-US 1.1 (CBI Edition) utilizes the June 2009 version of FNAI data. This dataset is an extraction from PAD-US 1.1 (CBI Edition), by state. The PAD-US 1.1 (CBI Edition) data set portrays the nation's protected areas...
Lone Mountain NRDAR Fresh Water Mussel Restoration
Background information.—Historically, the Powell River supported abundant and diverse populations of freshwater mussels. In recent decades, mussel density and species richness have declined and many freshwater mussel species are listed as either State or Federally threatened or endangered species. Environmental degradation from coal mining has been identified as one of the drivers of this decline. An example is the 1996 Lone Mountain slurry spill that directly affected mussel populations, as well as their host fish species. Freshwater mussels feed by filtering small particles from water, thereby improving water quality and providing an essential ecosystem service in rivers and streams. Mussels also serve as a food...
Categories: Project; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Aquatic, Aquatic species propagation, Bank stabilization/erosion control, Broadleaf, Conservation easement, All tags... Enhancement of existing (improve baseline conditions), Erosion control, Federally threatened or endangered species, Fish, Habitat-based, Hazardous substances (CERCLA) and hazardous materials (RCRA), Land acquisition, Lone Mountain Procession, Inc. coal slurry spill, Molluscs, Non-listed species, Organism-based, Perennial stream/river, Private land, Riverine (non-tidal), Species breeding/hatching/rearing, Species protection, Species reintroduction/translocation, State threatened or endangered species, Terrestrial, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Virginia, Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, Virginia Tech Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Center, Virginia Tech Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Center, Fewer tags
Protected Areas - Northeast Region May 2010
These protected areas were estimated by the Conservation Biology Institute as being secondarily threatened by the corresponding Deepwater Horizon oil spill trajectory forecast in the Gulf of Mexico. This dataset is extracted from PAD-US 1.1 (CBI Edition), and the original metadata has been included here, below. First, protected areas within 1 mile of the entire study area coastline (TX to NJ), or that intersect hydrological feature polygons from the NHDPlus National Hydrography Dataset within the 1-mile coastline buffer, were extracted from PAD-US 1.1 (CBI Edition). Then, protected areas were identified as being under primary, secondary, or tertiary threat from the oil spill. The probability of being affected...
Tags: bp, conservation easement, deepwater horizon, gap codes, gulf of mexico, All tags... iucn codes, oil spill, protected areas, Fewer tags
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Make Your Own Low-Power AM Radio Transmitter
Create Assignment
Areas of Science Electricity & Electronics
Time Required Average (6-10 days)
Prerequisites None
Material Availability Specialty items
Cost Average ($50 - $100)
Safety No issues
Have you ever wondered how an AM radio station works? In this project you will learn the basics of how your favorite songs are transmitted by a radio station, by building your own simple AM radio transmitter. You will learn the basics of how a transmitter works, and how you are able to tune to your favorite station and listen to music.
The goal of this project is to build a simple AM radio transmitter and to test its broadcast range with a radio receiver.
Written by Niraj Subba,
Edited by Andrew Olson, PhD, and Ben Finio, PhD, Science Buddies
Field, S.Q., 2006. "Building a Very Simple AM Voice Transmitter," Science Toys You Can Make with Your Kids. Retrieved April 10, 2006, from http://sci-toys.com/scitoys/scitoys/radio/am_transmitter.html.
Science Buddies Staff. "Make Your Own Low-Power AM Radio Transmitter." Science Buddies, 12 Jan. 2020, https://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/project-ideas/Elec_p024/electricity-electronics/make-your-own-low-power-am-radio-transmitter?class=AQXRDbNVq6A7KZqsWgDIkRr4l9V9ZYSBQ495gFGk3z0wXDmxbe8yKSGnz0Xp4BFNUMxAYGyc7w7_yYCK6UtB2d-o. Accessed 21 Jan. 2020.
Science Buddies Staff. (2020, January 12). Make Your Own Low-Power AM Radio Transmitter. Retrieved from https://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/project-ideas/Elec_p024/electricity-electronics/make-your-own-low-power-am-radio-transmitter?class=AQXRDbNVq6A7KZqsWgDIkRr4l9V9ZYSBQ495gFGk3z0wXDmxbe8yKSGnz0Xp4BFNUMxAYGyc7w7_yYCK6UtB2d-o
Electromagnetic radiation is all around us. For example, light is electromagnetic radiation and so are x-rays. When you listen to an AM or FM radio station, the sound that you hear is transmitted to your radio by the station using electromagnetic radiation as a carrier—radio waves. Electromagnetic radiation is a propagating wave in space with electric and magnetic components. In a vacuum, electromagnetic waves travel at the speed of light.
Electromagnetic waves such as light, x-rays, and radio waves are classified by their frequency or wavelength. For example, electromagnetic radiation at frequencies between about 430 terahertz (THz) and 750 THz can be detected by the human eye and are perceived as light. Electromagnetic radiation at frequencies ranging from 3 hertz (Hz) to 300 gigahertz (GHz) are classified as radio waves. Radio waves are divided into many sub-classifications based on frequency. AM radio signals are carried by medium frequency (MF) radio waves (530 to 1710 kilohertz (kHz) in North America, 530 to 1610 kHz elsewhere), and FM radio signals are carried by very high frequency (VHF) radio waves (88 to 108 megahertz (MHz)).
So how does a radio wave carry sounds such as voice or music to your radio receiver? The radio station broadcasts a carrier wave at the station's assigned frequency. The carrier wave is modulated (varied) in direct proportion to the signal (e.g., voice or music) that is to be transmitted. The modulation can change either the amplitude or the frequency of the carrier wave. The "AM" in AM radio stands for "amplitude modulation," and the "FM" in FM radio stands for "frequency modulation." A radio receiver removes the carrier wave and restores the original signal (the voice or music). Figure 1 shows graphically how amplitude modulation works.
Two example graphs show the relationship between broadcast signals, carrier waves and output signals. Radiowaves are broadcasted using carrier waves of uniform wavelength and amplitude. Information is sent over these carrier waves by modifying the carrier waves with broadcast signals. The top diagram pictured shows carrier waves in green and a signal in red. In the case of AM radiowaves the signal interferes with the carrier waves amplitude creating an output signal shown at the bottom of the diagram in blue.
Figure 1. Illustration of amplitude modulation of a carrier wave by a signal. The top diagram shows a carrier wave at a set frequency and amplitude (green) and a signal to be broadcast (red). The signal is used to modulate the amplitude of the carrier wave. The bottom diagram shows the resulting output signal (blue). Note how the peaks of the output trace (its envelope) follow the form of the input signal. (Wikipedia contributors, 2006a)
In this project, you will make a simple low-power broadcast circuit, using a crystal oscillator integrated circuit and an audio transformer. You can connect the circuit to the headphone jack of a portable music player (e.g. mp3, CD or cassette tape player). You'll see that you can receive the signal through the air with an AM radio receiver. Although the circuits used in radio stations for AM broadcasting are far more complicated, this nevertheless gives a basic idea of the concept behind a broadcast transmitter. Plus it is a lot of fun when you actually have it working!
Before we get into the step-by-step instructions for building the circuit, we'll first go over the circuit design. Figure 2 shows the connections you need to make to build the circuit. The transformer isolates the music player from the rest of the circuit, couples the music player and the crystal oscillator, and "steps up" the signal voltage from the music player in proportion to the ratio of 1 kΩ to 8 Ω. The stepped up signal from the secondary coil of the transformer modulates the power to the oscillator chip (+ power at pin 14 and - power at pin 7). A wire connected to the oscillator output (pin 8) serves as the antenna for broadcasting the amplitude-modulated radio wave.
The AM transmitter circuit diagram has a crystal oscillator that connects to an antenna on the 8-pin side, the negative terminal of a battery pack on the 7-pin side and a 1k ohm resistor on the 14-pin side. The 1k ohm resistor connects to the transformer and passes through to a 8 ohm resistor that connects to one lead of a 3.5mm audio jack. The other end lead of the audio jack connects back to the transformer and then connects to the positive terminal of the battery pack. Finally the battery pack contains 4 double A batteries with a total of 6 volts.
Figure 2. Simple AM transmitter circuit diagram. Note: the pins of the crystal oscillator are numbered according to standard positions for a 14-pin integrated circuit.
To do this project, you will need to know how to use a solderless breadboard. If you have never used a breadboard before you may want to take a look at the Science Buddies reference How to Use a Breadboard before you start this science project.
To do this project, you should do research that enables you to understand the following terms and concepts:
Electromagnetic radiation and waves
Wave model
Amplitude modulation
Heterodyne
Science Buddies Staff. (n.d.). How to Use a Breadboard. Retrieved September 25, 2015, from http://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/breadboard-tutorial
Another electromagnetic site:
NASA Science. (n.d.). Introduction to the Electromagnetic Spectrum. Retrieved March 20, 2018 from https://science.nasa.gov/ems/01_intro
Amplitude modulation:
This webpage has an applet that lets you play with carrier and modulating signal to produce AM waves:
Nyack, C.A. (1996). Amplitude Modulation. Retrieved April 10, 2006, from http://cnyack.homestead.com/files/modulation/modam.htm.
Wikipedia Contributors. (2006). Amplitude Modulation. Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved April 10, 2006, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amplitude_modulation&direction=next&oldid=44559258.
Information on crystal oscillators:
Wikipedia Contributors. (2006). Crystal Oscillator. Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved April 10, 2006, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crystal_oscillator&oldid=46562927.
Information on AM (medium wave) radio:
Wikipedia Contributors. (2007). Medium wave. Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved January 24, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mediumwave&oldid=102931548.
To do this experiment you will need the following materials and equipment. Most of the electronic components are available from Jameco Electronics.
Music-playing device with a 3.5 mm audio output jack like a smartphone, mp3 player, or computer
An AM radio for listening to your broadcasted signal
Solderless breadboard, part #20601
4xAA battery holder, part #216152
AA batteries (4), part #198707
1 MHz "full can" crystal oscillator, part #27861
Optional: a second oscillator in the AM broadcast band (0.53 to 1.71 MHz in North America, 0.53 to 1.61 MHz elsewhere). Currently Jameco does not stock a second oscillator in this band, but you can purchase a 1.2288 MHz oscillator from Mouser Electronics
1000 Ω to 8 Ω audio transformer, Mouser Electronics part #42TU013-RC
Jumper wire kit, part #2127718
3.5 mm stereo cable, part #228494
Wire strippers (recommended, although if necessary you can use scissors or a sharp knife), multiple options available
https://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/project-ideas/Elec_p024/electricity-electronics/make-your-own-low-power-am-radio-transmitter
Note Before Beginning: This science fair project requires you to hook up one or more devices in an electrical circuit. Basic help can be found in the Electronics Primer. However, if you do not have experience in putting together electrical circuits you may find it helpful to have someone who can answer questions and help you troubleshoot if your project is not working. A science teacher or parent may be a good resource. If you need to find another mentor, try to find someone who has hobbies like robotics, electronics, or building and fixing computers. You may also need to work your way up to this project by starting with an electronics project that has a lower level of difficulty.
Building the Circuit
Now let's build the circuit! If you do not know how to use a solderless breadboard, see the Science Buddies reference How to Use a Breadboard before you start.
Connect the transformer, crystal oscillator, and jumper wires to the breadboard as shown in Figure 3.
The transformer has 6 pins. Orient the transformer so the side with a "P" printed on it is facing to the right. Then insert the six pins into holes E5, E7, E9, F5, F7, and F9 as shown in Figure 3.
The crystal oscillator has 4 pins. Orient the oscillator so the writing is facing to the left. Then insert the pins into holes E16, E22, F16, and F22, as shown in Figure 3.
Use a jumper wire to connect hole J5 to the left-side power bus (the bus next to the red line). Note: you do not have to use a red jumper wire, you can use any jumper wire from your kit that is a convenient length. This applies to the rest of the jumper wires as well.
Use a jumper wire to connect hole J9 to hole J16.
Use a jumper wire to connect hole A22 to the left-side ground bus.
Insert one end of a long jumper wire into hole F22, and leave the other end unconnected. This forms the antenna for your transmitter.
Figure 3. Breadboard diagram for connecting the transformer, crystal oscillator, and jumper wires.
Use your wire strippers to cut the 3.5 mm audio cable in half. It has three wires inside: left and right audio (with red and white insulation), and ground (uninsulated).
Strip about 5 mm of insulation off the ends of the left and right audio wires.
Tightly twist the strands of each individual wire together to form a bundle. This will make them stiffer and easier to push into the breadboard. If you have a soldering iron, you can tin the wires, which will also make them stiffer.
Figure 4. 3.5 mm audio cable with cut and stripped ends.
Connect the 3.5 mm audio cable and the 4xAA battery holder to the breadboard, as shown in Figure 5.
Plug the 3.5 mm cable's ground (uninsulated) wire into hole A9.
Plug either the left or right audio wire (it does not matter which) into hole A5.
Connect the battery pack's red wire to the left-side power bus.
Connect the battery pack's black wire to the left-side ground bus.
The breadboard of your completed circuit should look like the one in Figure 6 (remember that your jumper wires do not have to be the same color).
Figure 5. Breadboard diagram of the battery holder and 3.5 mm audio cable connected to the breadboard.
Figure 6. Photograph of the completed circuit on a breadboard. Note that in this picture, the ground and audio wires are switched between holes A5 and A9, but the circuit will still work this way.
Plug the 3.5 mm cable into the output (headphone) jack of your audio-playing device. Your completed circuit should look like the one in Figure 7.
Figure 7. The completed AM radio transmitter circuit with a smartphone as a music source.
Experimenting with the Circuit
Now that you have built the circuit, here is the fun part—experimenting with it!
Start playing music on your audio device and tune your AM radio to 1 MHz. Bring the transmitter antenna within an inch of your radio antenna (note: some radios might have a separate AM antenna inside the radio, separate from the FM antenna visible on the outside of the radio. Check your radio's instruction manual to find out). Can you hear the music that you are playing on the radio?
Adjust the volume control of your audio device, is there any change in the quality of the sound you hear in your radio?
Now tune your AM radio to a different frequency, say 700 kHz. Can you still hear your music?
Tune your radio back to 1 MHz where you can hear your music. Optionally, if you purchased a second oscillator, remove the 1 MHz crystal oscillator and in its place put the 1.2288 MHz oscillator. Can you still hear your music?
Without changing the oscillator back to 1 MHz, instead tune your radio now to 1.23 MHz. Can you hear your music?
Until now you have kept your antenna within an inch of your radio antenna, now move your transmitter's antenna further away slowly and hear what happens. Does the quality of your sound improves or gets worse? Why?
Rotate the radio receiver antenna relative to your transmitter's antenna (or vice versa). Does this affect the quality of the sound? Why?
Try using a longer wire for the antenna. Does this affect the quality of the sound? Does this affect the broadcast range for your transmitter? Why?
Radio Frequency Engineer
Radio frequency engineers help make sure that information gets from one place to another. This information is transmitted wirelessly as radio waves between electronic devices. Anything you can wirelessly send from one computer to another, listen to on the radio, download on a mobile phone, or see on the television (not connected to cable) is sent wirelessly using radio waves, and the transmission and devices were designed by a radio frequency engineer. Radio frequency engineers are typically electrical engineers who decided to specialize in radio frequency engineering. Read more
Sound Engineering Technician
Any time you hear music at a concert, a live speech, the police sirens in a TV show, or the six o'clock news you're hearing the work of a sound engineering technician. Sound engineering technicians operate machines and equipment to record, synchronize, mix, or reproduce music, voices, or sound effects in recording studios, sporting arenas, theater productions, or movie and video productions. Read more
Electricians are the people who bring electricity to our homes, schools, businesses, public spaces, and streets—lighting up our world, keeping the indoor temperature comfortable, and powering TVs, computers, and all sorts of machines that make life better. Electricians install and maintain the wiring and equipment that carries electricity, and they also fix electrical machines. Read more
Electrical & Electronics Engineer
Just as a potter forms clay, or a steel worker molds molten steel, electrical and electronics engineers gather and shape electricity and use it to make products that transmit power or transmit information. Electrical and electronics engineers may specialize in one of the millions of products that make or use electricity, like cell phones, electric motors, microwaves, medical instruments, airline navigation system, or handheld games. Read more
Try receiving the signal from your AM transmitter with a crystal radio that you build yourself. You can explore how the relative placement of the receiving and transmitting antennas affects signal strength at the receiver. To see how to build a crystal radio receiver, see the Science Buddies project Build Your Own Crystal Radio.
Try using a 9 V transistor radio battery instead of 4 AA batteries. What differences do you notice in the signal?
Advanced. If you have access to oscilloscope in school, try to see the signals coming out from the antenna with your music device turned OFF and then ON. Also connect the +6V of the battery directly to the oscillator bypassing the transformer and look at the signal. What difference or similarities do you see between these three signals?
Advanced. This is an extremely rudimentary transmitter and therefore the sound quality is not going to be good. However, you could add more blocks to the present circuit and make improvements. What could you possibly add to the present circuit so that you are able move your antenna further away from your radio and still hear the music? For a slightly more complex circuit, try the following link: Bowden, B., 2006. "Micro Power AM Broadcast Transmitter," Bowden's Hobby Circuits, retrieved August 1, 2011 from http://www.bowdenshobbycircuits.info/page6.htm#amtrans.gif. How does this circuit compare to the simpler one in the project? How does the broadcast range compare? Can you relate the difference in performance to the difference in the circuits?
Electricity & Electronics Project Ideas
Physics and Chemistry of an Explosion Science Fair Project Idea
How to Build an ArtBot
Flower Dissection - STEM Activity
You can find this page online at: https://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/project-ideas/Elec_p024/electricity-electronics/make-your-own-low-power-am-radio-transmitter?class=AQXRDbNVq6A7KZqsWgDIkRr4l9V9ZYSBQ495gFGk3z0wXDmxbe8yKSGnz0Xp4BFNUMxAYGyc7w7_yYCK6UtB2d-o
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Mineros de Guayana vs Angostura FC on 2020/01/15
3 : 1 5 : 4 1 : 0 3 : 0 -1.0 / 2.0,2.5 / -
Mineros de Guayana vs Angostura FC
Venezuela Cup 18/08/16 21:01 Mineros de Guayana 5 : 0 Angostura FC 4 : 0O -1.5 / 3.0 / -
Venezuela Cup 18/08/09 04:01 Angostura FC 2 : 1 Mineros de Guayana 0 : 1H +0.75 / 2.75 / -
The match of Mineros de Guayana vs Angostura FC in World Club Friendlies is started at 2020-1-15 05:01. For this match, the initial Asian Handicap is Mineros de Guayana-1.0; The initial Goals Odds is 2.0,2.5. Totally, Mineros de Guayana and Angostura FC fought for 2 times before. Over Goals occurred for 2 times and Over Corners occurred for 0 times. Mineros de Guayana got 1 win, 0 draw and 1 lost with 6 Goals For and 2 Goals Against.
For the last 15 matches, Mineros de Guayana got 7 win, 2 lost and 6 draw with 17 Goals For and 11 Goals Against. The average of Goals For is 1.1 per match and the average of Goals Against is 0.7 per match. The rate of Over Goals is 53%; The rate of Handicap Win is 40%; The rate of win is 47%; The average of corners is 3.3 per match and the rate of Over Corners is 21%.
For the last 15 matches, Angostura FC got 7 win, 2 lost and 6 draw with 26 Goals For and 16 Goals Against. The average of Goals For is 1.7 per match and the average of Goals Against is 1.1 per match. The rate of Over Goals is 73%; The rate of Handicap Win is 50%; The rate of win is 47%; The average of corners is 2.7 per match and the rate of Over Corners is -.
Except the history stats of Mineros de Guayana vs Angostura FC, ScoreBing also offers predictions and lineups of Mineros de Guayana vs Angostura FC, that may help you predict or replay the match.
World Club Friendlies 20/01/15 04:38 Zamora 0 : 1 Aragua 0 : 0U -0.25 / 2.75 / 8
World Club Friendlies 20/01/15 04:09 Monagas 1 : 0 LALA FC 1 : 0H -0.75 / 2.75 / -
World Club Friendlies 20/01/15 02:02 Trujillanos 2 : 1 Gran Valencia 1 : 0U -0.75 / 3.5 / -
World Club Friendlies 20/01/14 23:38 CD Hermanos Colmenares 3 : 2 Llaneros De Guanare 1 : 0U +0.75 / 3.5 / -
World Club Friendlies 20/01/14 22:34 Seleccion AFE 0 : 1 Beijing Guoan 0 : 1H +0.25 / 3.0 / -
World Club Friendlies 20/01/14 20:55 Kuala Lumpur FA 1 : 0 Terengganu 1 : 0H +0.25 / 3.25 / -
World Club Friendlies 20/01/14 19:00 Phnom Penh Crown 1 : 2 Kedah 0 : 0U +1.0 / 3.5 / 9
World Club Friendlies 20/01/14 18:36 FK Kokand 1912 1 : 0 Sogdiana Jizzakh 0 : 0U +0.25 / 3.0 / -
World Club Friendlies 20/01/14 17:59 Ho Chi Minh City 0 : 1 Jeonnam Dragons 0 : 0U -0.25 / 3.0 / -
World Club Friendlies 20/01/14 17:03 The Cong FC 2 : 1 Quang Nam 1 : 0H -0.25 / 3.0 / 8
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Personalised & Wedding Stationery
Stationery Gift Guide
Meet the Staff: Nick
Posted by Azeem Zakria on October 23, 2012
Last time, you met Holly. In the next of our series it's time to find out a little bit more about Nick:
Hi Nick, thanks for chatting to the blog! First of all tell us how long you’ve been at Scriptum?
I’ve been here five months now. It really hasn’t felt like five months though - it’s been going by so fast. When you’re having fun you don’t really notice time going by.
What did you think of Scriptum the first time you visited?
Honestly, my first reaction was “wow! It’s my shop”, because if I had a dream shop it would be Scriptum. I’m still not done purchasing everything that I want to buy! I liked all of the detail in the shop - there are so many nooks and crannies, where you wouldn’t necessary think to look straight away, where you can find little treasures. I really think it takes a good four or five visits to the shop before you can take in a good chunk of everything - every time you come back you’ll find something you missed.
Now that you work here, what would you say is your favourite thing about Scriptum?
As much as people would think one might complain about the opera playing constantly in the shop, I never get tired of it. I even go home and listen to more. It gives the shop a bit of extra ambience and sets the mood, like you’re actually stepping into another world. As soon as you step out of the shop you can’t hear the music any more and you’re back in reality.
Ok, so in case our readers can’t detect your Louisiana accent through their computer screens, you’re from the States aren’t you? Can you tell us about the difference between Oxford and Lafayette, where you’re from?
They’re roughly the same size in population but I’d say the similarities end there. There’s definitely a lot more charm to Oxford, but having said that Lafayette is probably a bit more fun [Nick looks slightly guilty for saying this - ed] - there’s definitely a liveliness to Lafayette, with its Cajun culture.
Holly, as we learned last time, has her calligraphy. You also have a creative outlet outside Scriptum, don’t you?
I have a bachelors degree in fine arts and I concentrated on painting and drawing, which I still love, but currently my work takes the form of building sort of dioramas and sets for claymation. I enjoy making the little rooms that I create, I have a big soft spot for interiors - that’s another reason Scriptum appeals to me. I love the layout and interior of the shop.
You mentioned earlier that you still haven’t bought all of the things in the shop that you’d like to… Do you think you might have a bit of an addiction to shopping at Scriptum, despite working here?!
Haha, I think so. It definitely started out with my owl purchase before I began working here. I bought a taxidermy owl and after that I was hooked. Working here doesn’t make it any easier because each time I come in I see any new stock we have and just go “ooh”. I still have a laundry list of items I’m planning to get. My wife says I’m starting to develop an addiction to wax seals; I already have six, along with eight different colours of wax. I even have a fleur de lys for letters back home as that’s the symbol of the local football team, the New Orleans Saints.
Tags Meet the Staff, Scriptum, Staff, Stationery
Home / The Scriptum Blog / Meet the Staff: Nick
Fine stationery on Oxford's Turl Street and online. Established in 2003, Scriptum is bursting with an eclectic collection of luxury writing paper, Italian leather journals, photo albums, Folio Society books, sealing wax, dip pens and quills as well as our printed stationery & wedding stationery services. We also offer a carefully chosen selection of unusual gift ideas.
Scriptum,
3 Turl Street,
Oxford OX1 3DQ
Email: hello@scriptum.co.uk
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The Ralph Site - Pet Bereavement Support
The Ralph Site is a personally funded not-for-profit website that I set up in 2011 motivated by the untimely passing of my cat Ralph in November 2010 - another feline victim of modern roads.
The gorgeous Ralph. RIP little man.
The site contains a variety of resources including advice on euthanasia and aftercare options and information on bereavement and grief management. There are a blog and forums for grieving pet carers to interact with like-minded people. The open public Facebook page and closed private Facebook group are proving to be a great source of comfort and interaction. The Ralph site also offers bereaved pet carers the opportunity to create an online memorial to their furry friend.
If you work in a veterinary practice and would like some materials for giving out to pet carers, please click here and use the contact details provided.
"We're so impressed with your fantastic, supportive site. Our clients will definitely benefit and gain invaluable comfort and peace of mind. Thank you so much."
"The most common feedback I've had is that it just helps to see that what they're feeling is perfectly normal and that most owners in that position feel very similar emotions, despite what other "friends" and work colleagues all too often seem to say, "It's only a dog/cat" etc!"
Email: theralphsite@gmail.com
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Rockin’ Radio: Year 5 Radio Day
Yesterday, Year 5 took their science topic of Sound above and beyond by recording their very own radio show with Radio 2 presenter, Jon Lewis.
A war of the words at Oxford
On March 9 two Sheffield Girls’ debating teams competed at the prestigious Oxford Union for the momentous Oxford Schools Debating Competition Finals Day, fighting for the top spot after the initial gruelling regional rounds in November and months of extensive hard work.
On March 8, ten senior school girls took LEGO to the next level at the Tomorrow’s Engineers Robotics Challenge at Rolls Royce in Derby. The programme sees students aged 11 to 14 work together in teams to solve real-world engineering, technology and computing challenges following this year’s theme: How can engineers support humanitarian aid in the future?
Getting down to business with HSBC
As part of the tough but rewarding Young Professional’s Challenge, Sixth Form girls visited the Sheffield branch of HSBC to learn about employment in finance and work together to solve some of the tricky everyday problems the bank faces.
Celebrating World Book Day 2019
We celebrated some of the wonders of the literary world last week for World Book Day with visits from acclaimed authors Kate Pankhurst and Paula Rawsthorne, who both gave the girls a peek behind the curtain into writing stories for a living.
International Women's Day: The starring young women of Sheffield Girls'
This International Women’s Day we celebrated both women across Sheffield and our pupils closer to home with The Star newspaper and their Women of Sheffield awards last Thursday, followed by The Telegraph’s feature covering three of our girls and Mrs Gunson answering the thought-provoking question, “How can girls make their mark in an ever changing world?”
Sheffield-born shining star company Twinkl visits Year 6
Twinkl, a company which is home to thousands of teacher-created resources and assessment materials on its online platform, brought their latest AR projects and cutting-edge technology to the Junior School yesterday for an exclusive chance for Year 6 to test them out.
Women of Sheffield Awards
Last Thursday, the search for Sheffield’s stand-out women came to a close with the first ever Women of Sheffield awards. Launched by The Star newspaper in a bid to ‘shine a light on some of the many thousands of Sheffield women who have done incredible things’, Sheffield Girls’ is honoured to be a part of the unique initiative by sponsoring the Mary Ann Rawson Award for Education.
Careers Forum: broadening horizons for primary school children
We were really excited to hold Sheffield’s first Primary Schools Careers Forum this Wednesday - we hosted a plethora of professionals from a variety of industries, to give the brightest young minds from nine Sheffield primary schools a taste of the world of work.
An intrepid trip to India
Over half term 42 pupils from Years 11 to 13 were lucky enough to go on the residential trip of a lifetime to India. They had 10 days to see some of India’s most famous landmarks, volunteer in local communities, and become immersed in a completely foreign culture.
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Financial Services Cloud
Data Migrations
Org Migrations
Lightning Migrations
Mortgage & Lending
Is “Sites” Salesforce.com’s play into B2C?
The business case for having a website powered by Salesforce in the cloud is not much different than using Salesforce as a platform to build an application. If you are running a website you have decisions about hosting, a Content Management System (CMS), which will need a database behind it, and hardware to run the site. Do you use a shared server or a dedicated server? How will my hardware scale with my website’s traffic? Who is going to manage it? All these decisions are satisfied by running a Site on Force.com.
Salesforce.com Sites have not been around that long – it was only available as a “Developer Preview” in Spring 09, hitting general release in Summer 09. With Summer 10 came some new functionality – mainly the ability to download a managed reporting package off AppExchange to run analytics on things like page views and bandwidth. Additionally we got to see what the limits were for Sites by edition.
Sites Limits by Editions – Summer 09 Release Notes
Sites continued to develop slowly. Winter 10 release added some functionality: Google Analytics, Secure Web addresses and High Volume Portal Users). High Volume Portal Users (HVPU) was described as “limited-access portal users intended for organizations with many thousands to millions of portal users” – now this could be interesting! In the release notes Salesforce disclosed that the ability to scale to that level while maintaining performance was accomplished by removing Role Hierarchies (which adds calculations) from these types Portal Users.
Spring 10 release was a bit of a disappointment for Force.com Sites in terms of new features. Workflow alerts became available that could be used when you’re about to exceed bandwidth – but that was about it.
Enter Summer 10, with new features for Sites such as Administrator Preview, Single Sign-On, support for Cookies, and re-writing URLs. With Summer 10 you could now enable a Contact as a High Volume Portal User (HVPU) from the Contact record (previously it was with the API – which was a drag). HVPU licenses were still listed as being only available in a pilot program as of the May 3, 2010 publish date for the Summer 10 Release Notes.
On July 10, 2010 a “Force.com Sites Implementation Guide” was published – to me heralding that we’ve reached some critical mass with Sites and a nice way to consolidate all the information on Sites spread over the last couple of releases into one document.
Self-Registration – the Key to B2C?
One little nugget that I found in the aforementioned Implementation Guide, which as far as I can tell is a new feature scouring past release notes – is allowing a visitor to a Site to “self register.” Salesforce in the documentation gave the example “users browsing through an ideas site can register and log-in directly from that site, and as authenticated users, they can vote, add comments, and participate in the ideas community.”
So how is this done? When a User self-registers, a Contact record is being created in Salesforce.com and it is associated to an Account that is specified with the “SiteRegistrationController” (Apex). This is great as the Contact can be automatically nested under a single Account, such as a “house” Account comprised of self-registered Customer Portal Users.
Also detailed in the Implementation Guide is that you can join a Site with a Customer Portal and enable self-registration. With a Customer Portal comes the ability of providing access to a custom application built from a collection of Custom Objects – see where I’m going in terms of possibilities?
A LOT of configuration headaches have just been eliminated with self-registration and by joining a customer portal to a Site – which in my mind, clears the way to some very creative B2C solutions. Just think about it. A website could advertise additional content or services for those that register. With self-registration you’ve just nabbed an email address that you can use for marketing ;). OK, you need to tell that up front they are opting-in to marketing with their registration, but what a win! You don’t have to have the Contact already in Salesforce.com and then activate their Customer Portal log-in credentials either manually or through an API. Your website visitors are creating Contact records for you without having to use old school methods like a Web-to-Lead form, and then having to convert the Lead to a Contact, and then make them a portal user….
Self-registration for Sites – “Plop Plop, Fizz Fizz” – ahhh, my B2C headache feels better already.
See what people are creating with Sites – Sites Gallery
© 2019 ShellBlack.com, LLC. All Rights Reserved.
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Shopify Blogs
Grow Your Sales
Shopify Academy
4 Merchants Share Their Back to School Strategies
by Shuang Esther Shan
As summer ends and a new school year begins, businesses are greeted with a special chance to get creative and stimulate sales with back to school campaigns made to reach shoppers. For some, this sales period is a practice test before the holiday season; for others, it's a playground to experiment with new products or offers crafted specifically for returning students and their parents.
To help ensure your next back to school campaign passes with flying colors, we spoke with four merchants about the lessons they learned planning and producing sales events for one of the busiest shopping periods of the year:
Introduce limited edition products (without discounts)
Launch products to a new demographic
Partner with organizations to raise awareness and funds
Offer bundles and gifts with purchase
Introduce limited edition products without discounting
Ross Canter grew up immersed in food culture. As a member of the family behind the landmark Canter’s Deli in Los Angeles, Ross spent his childhood surrounded by the offerings of the delicatessen and later found himself fascinated with creating his own baked goods.
Ross’ lightbulb moment was brought on by having fun with his baking. “What if I made a Reese's peanut butter cup brownie, a cheesecake brownie, or any kind of candy into a brownie?” Ross recalls. He first began testing his candy-inspired confections during the onset of his career, pursuing writing internships in Hollywood. “Every day, I would make five or six different kinds of brownies. As soon as my internship ended in the early afternoon, I'd wrap up all of these brownies and walk around the outside of office buildings for a couple of hours until I sold out,” he recalls.
Ross later landed himself roles as a writer and producer, but his newfound responsibilities forced him to put his jaunt into baking on hold. Then, in 2007, the Writers Guild of America unexpectedly went on strike, and Ross found himself out of work.
To get his mind off of things, Ross’ wife Melanie suggested turning his baking into a business and Cookie Good was born. Even though Ross returned to writing after the strike, fans of his baking kept on asking for more. In 2014, the couple took the plunge and got a commercial kitchen to turn Cookie Good into full time business.
Life and business partners Ross and Melanie Canter, the owners and creators behind the fun flavors at Cookie Good. Cookie Good
The Canters view the back to school season as a time of play. Each year, they launch a new eclectic set of cookies and brownies for a limited time during early September. With options ranging from apple fritters, Cheetos, cookie dough, cheesecake, and Oreos, no recipe is too unconventional, so long as it elicits what the team describes as the “Cookie Good” feeling—a rich, distinctive flavor able to recall an equally pleasant memory. Finding this elusive sweet spot, however, takes quite a bit of work. “We typically need a few months to experiment with flavors and get them exactly right,” Ross tells us.
The 2018 lunch box inspired back to school cookies created by Cookie Good. Cookie Good
“We try to make every flavor fun, nostalgic, and something that people want to send to kids, whether they're still in grade school or heading off to college,” Ross says. “And, of course, for people like me, a grownup who eats like a kid, who just want to eat a Ding Dong like a cookie.”
Cookie Good’s boxes are an example of the Canters’ unique take on specials. In lieu of pricing discounts or bundling specials, the team’s fresh, offbeat flavors serve as their only available limited-time offer. Marketing solely on social channels and email, the unique, limited-time flavors have provided a natural way to generate hype, and they've built a following of fans and subscribers who want to get the inside scoop on when to dig into the fun flavors before they sell out.
While dress shopping for her daughter, Rebecca Melsky found the majority of patterns and prints available to be thoroughly humdrum. Flowers and butterflies were in ample supply, but where, in this sea of garments, were the cute dresses with dinosaurs, trucks, and rockets? Inspired to provide options that more closely spoke to her daughter’s interests, and to encourage girls to decide what it means to be girly, she started Princess Awesome with her co-founder, Eva St. Clair.
A student wears Princess Awesome’s “I Spy Pi” super twirler dress. Princess Awesome
Rebeca and Eva originally made items by hand before switching over to a manufacturer and launching publicly on Kickstarter, which is also when they began making their first serious investments in marketing. Since those early days, the Princess Awesome team recognized the back to school season naturally created a heightened interest in their products, which is precisely why they use this period to litmus test more inventive marketing approaches.
The “Atomic Flurry” Twirly Play dress being modeled. Princess Awesome
The team often launches new patterns and even wholly new products in the lead up to back to school. To support these releases, they’ll also run campaigns in parallel through Instagram, Facebook, and email, to amplify word of mouth they receive organically. “We love to showcase how clothing is a form of expression, and we enjoy highlighting the different subjects that kids are interested in,” Rebecca says, a philosophy which has influenced their marketing strategy.
With fans posting photos of what their kids are wearing to school on social channels, the team turned the tradition into giveaway campaigns during the period by encouraging more people to share their Princess Awesome outfits on social.
Princess Awesome’s newly released line of dresses for adults. Princess Awesome
This year’s back to school period will mark a new chapter for Princess Awesome as the team launches their first set of adult dresses. Expanding their horizons and customer base, Rebecca tells us that their back to school campaigns will expand to include the other crucial member of the classroom: teachers. Going beyond the typical campaigns, Princess Awesome is marking this back to school season with experimentation expanding their catalogue.
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The idea behind LunchSkins was cooked up at founder Kirsten Quigley’s kitchen table. One afternoon, after returning home, Kirsten’s children shared an alarming fact they’d learned at school: every day, millions of plastic baggies were thrown out thanks to packed lunches. In response, Kirsten immediately sought out alternatives to the single-use plastics that were prevalent in the family’s own household but found most available solutions came up short.
Determined to make a dishwasher-safe, grease- and moisture-proof, durable sandwich bag, Kirsten created her own product and the first edition of LunchSkins was born. Now in business for over a decade, LunchSkins was featured in O, The Oprah Magazine and can be found online and at major retailers like Target and Wholefoods.
Reusable sandwich and snack bags that are FDA compliant for food safety, dishwasher-safe, and BPA-free. LunchSkins
With most customers being parents and students, the back to school season has always been a crucial time for LunchSkins. Shannon Peters, their Chief Financial Officer, told us, “Back to school is equivalent to the retail holiday shopping season for LunchSkins—our team processes thousands of orders during this period. The business commonly sees a 60% uptick in online sales during back to school season, aided in part by extensive marketing campaigns that are built nearly six months in advance.”
Reusable navy sea turtle sandwich bags by LunchSkins were used in a campaign to support the Oceanic Preservation Society. LunchSkins
Even though back to school is unquestionably their busiest time of the year for sales, the LunchSkins team also makes time to fundraise alongside organizations that align with their objectives. This summer, Shannon shared, they “partnered with the Oceanic Preservation Society in July 2019 for two weeks, donating a dollar for every Sea Turtle Bag that was sold.” Due to the success of that campaign, LunchSkins will once again partner with Oceanic Preservation Society during back to school to reduce plastic use and bring more awareness to preserving oceanic life.
Offer bundling and gifts with purchase
Backpacks and back to school seem to go hand in hand, and that’s why the team at Parkland Design & Manufacturing, makers of sustainable accessories, refer to the shopping season as the “backpack Super Bowl.” As backpack makers who want to alleviate some of the environmental impacts with production, Parkland Design & Manufacturing turns plastic water bottles into a polyester fabric to make their product exteriors with 100% recycled plastic. Their fans proudly share their packs on social media with the hashtag #BagsFromBottles.
The Remy, Academy, and Kingston backpacks by Parkland Design & Manufacturing. Parkland Design & Manufacturing
Breaking with standard benchmarks, Parkland Design & Manufacturing’s upswing in sales during the back to school season lasts longer than most businesses. “We see all areas of business activity increase drastically from July to September,” says marketing manager, Daryl Trinidad. Not keen to slack off during back to school, the team always looks to boost sales driven by this extended busy period with multiple timely marketing campaigns. “One of the most successful campaigns to date has been the Backpack Lunch Kit combo, where customers receive $10 off a backpack with a lunch kit purchase,” says Daryl. To get those bonus marks, the team also offers a gift with each purchase during back to school season, giving away free reusable water bottles last year and reusable straws this fall.
This back to school season, Parkland Design & Manufacturing are introducing gifs within their social ads. Parkland Design & Manufacturing
Leveraging the social media love from #BagsFromBottles, Parkland Design & Manufacturing usually place ads on Facebook and Instagram to be where most of their social engagements are. Daryl also sees these bundling and gift-with-purchase campaigns as a cost-effective way to build brand awareness, noting that their most recent ad, which features GIF animations of lifestyle imagery, was one of the best performing to date. The team has been planning this year’s campaign since the spring and is on track to meet their goal of a 30% growth over the same period last year.
Ensuring your next campaign makes the grade
Before class is back in session, it’s time to test out some new ideas for the back to school period. The varied approaches, sales periods, and products from our featured merchants are reminders that you can play around with many areas of your business to build a campaign that fits your needs.
Shuang Esther Shan
Shuang is a storyteller at Shopify, fascinated by how change is created through commerce. When she’s not obsessively researching or glued to hearing the stories of merchants, she's discovering new places—with a camera in hand.
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Worzel Gummidge is getting remade, and here's your first look of Mackenzie Crook in character
Jon Pertwee as Worzel Gummidge. Picture: BBC
By Tom Eames
Classic children's TV show Worzel Gummidge is the latest series to get a modern remake.
The series is inspired by the books by Barbara Euphan Todd, and will return as two hour-long films on BBC One.
Mackenzie Crook has written and directed the series, and will also star as the iconic title character, and the first image from the show has been released:
Mackenzie Crook as Worzel Gummidge. Picture: BBC/Leopard Pictures/Matt Burlem
The first 60 minute episode is titled ‘The Scarecrow of Scatterbrook’, and follows two young strangers named Susan and John, who arrive in the village of Scatterbrook.
They soon cross paths with Worzel Gummidge, aka the Scarecrow of Ten Acre Field, who shocks them by coming to life. Worzel himself can't believe it, as he also discovers that the children are not actually fellow scarecrows but humans.
The second episode, ‘The Green Man’, sees the arrival of the title character, the creator of scarecrows who isn't chuffed that Worzel is hanging out with humans.
The Office star Mackenzie Crook said: “I’m thrilled to be back working with the BBC and many members of the Detectorists team to bring Worzel Gummidge to a new generation of viewers and reintroduce him to old friends.
"Adapting Barbara Euphan Todd’s books into these two films has been a joy and I’ve completely fallen for her charming, irreverent scarecrow. Fingers crossed for a glorious English summer as we head out to Scatterbrook Farm and Worzel’s Ten Acre Field.”
More casting details will be announced in the coming weeks.
Crook is best known for playing nerdy Gareth in The Office, and also appeared in several Pirates of the Caribbean movies. In recent years, he created and starred in the BBC sitcom Detectorists.
Worzel Gummidge originally aired on ITV from 1979 to 1981, and starred Jon Pertwee in the title role. Channel 4 later reprised the show in 1987 as Worzel Gummidge Down Under, and was set in New Zealand.
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THE YOUNG & THE RESTLESS Spoilers 4/14/17 — Victor Uses Faith to Manipulate the Family!
By Chris Eades April 14, 2017
spoilers,
Victor may be down but he’s definitely not out in these spoilers from THE YOUNG & THE RESTLESS!
Nick happily took Victor up on his offer to slug him if it would make him feel better, but unfortunately, as he sent his father reeling, Faith walked into the barn and was absolutely horrified by what she saw! “Faith, there’s nothing to worry about,” Nick assures his panicked daughter. But the little girl doesn’t understand what’s going on. “Then why did you hit grandpa?” she cries as Victor dusts himself off and glares at his son. Can Nick find a way to keep Faith away from Victor without actually explaining why he feels its necessary?
MUST SEE: Y&R’s Melissa Ordway Took Her Daughter to Visit the Easter Bunny and the Results Were Too Cute For Words!
Kevin got quite an eyeful! (Photo Credit: CBS)
MUST SEE: Y&R Alum Justin Hartley Lands a New Role as an Exotic Dancer!
After downing quite a bit of scotch, Scott and Phyllis got a little hot and bothered, so Kevin gets quite a shock when he walks into Lauren and Michael’s place find the pair half-naked and wrapped around each other on the couch! “Woah!” he shouts, averting his eyes. “Sorry, sorry… yikes!” Phylis scrambles out from underneath Scott and turns away to cover herself as Scott just looks annoyed.
Over at The Underground, everyone has gathered for Reed’s 16th birthday party. But Billy can tell that Victoria is distracted and concerned about something that has nothing to do with her son’s bash. “I know that you didn’t work with Chloe,” Victoria assures her ex. “That’s not who you are.” But Billy remains concerned for her. “So why don’t you tell me what is going on?” Does she trust him enough to confide in him the big secret she’s being forced to keep?
Don’t miss this tease for today’s dramatic episode, and for more Y&R previews, keep reading the CBS edition of Soaps In Depth magazine!
Everything You Need to Know About Y&R’s Bella!
David Faustino Returns and Alec Mapa Joins the Cast of Y&R!
Michael Muhney Shares a Heartfelt Message With His Y&R Fans!
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Strymon Deco
Tape-saturation & Double-tracking Processor
Signal Processors > Effects
By David Greeves
No effects pedal has managed to pack in all the juicy sonic goodness and delicious mayhem of dual tape machines — until now!
In the five years since they launched, Strymon have turned out a steady stream of high-end digital modulation and delay pedals that have completely won over the normally analogue-obsessed hordes of guitar pedal cognoscenti. They’ve achieved this through a combination of ingenious design, great sounds and a commitment to thoroughly engineered hardware, featuring SHARC DSP chips, 32-bit floating-point processing and 24-bit/96kHz A-D/D-A converters, all sandwiched between high-quality analogue input and output stages.
Another reason for their success is the fact that Strymon pedals, such as the one on review here, the Deco tape simulator, both look and feel completely analogue. There are no menus and displays, just knobs and switches that behave like knobs and switches, even if they in fact conceal some pretty deep functionality.
The Deco is unlike any other guitar pedal I’ve encountered in that it sets out to capture the kind of fun that can be had with a pair of reel-to-reel tape machines, from fattening tape saturation to the flanging, double-tracking and tape echo effects developed and used by studio engineers in the 1950s, ’60s and ’70s. This pedal doesn’t just promise to put a range of studio-only effects (and complex ones to set up at that) conveniently at the feet of guitarists — Strymon have also built in a ‘studio mode’, allowing the Deco to interface with a synth or recording gear at the appropriate levels.
The Deco is split into two haves, with a bypass switch for each. On the left, there’s tape saturation, with controls for output level and saturation. Strymon have designed the Deco to recreate not just the compression and third-order harmonic saturation effects that happen when recording to tape, but also the frequency-dependent nature of tape compression. Thanks to the pre-emphasis and de-emphasis EQ used in reel-to-reel tape machines (which boosts highs and lows on the way in and cuts them again on playback, in order to reduce hiss and compensate for various physical and mechanical phenomena), high-frequency transient peaks are flattened first, giving the signal a musical warmth and fatness.
The other half is the double-tracker, with controls for lag time, blend and wobble. The concept here is that you’re in charge of a pair of parallel tape decks both carrying your guitar signal. The lag time control sets the delay between the first and second machine, ranging from 500ms at maximum, down through zero to -0.3ms (in other words, the first deck is now behind the second). The blend knob mixes between the two, thereby producing everything from comb-filtering flange effects to thickening chorus to slapback and tape echo, depending on the lag time.
The wobble control introduces some random variation into the playback speed of the second deck, while a three-way mini switch changes how the two decks are combined. In sum mode, the decks are in phase; in invert mode, the second deck is polarity-inverted; and in bounce mode, the right channel of the second deck is polarity-inverted and bounced to the left channel input, creating a ping-pong repeat if you’re using the pedal’s stereo outputs, or a double repeat when working in mono. Pressing and holding the right-hand footswitch engages the auto-flange feature, creating a smooth through-zero flange effect with the lag time varying automatically, as if there were an invisible tape op with his hands on the reels.
The Deco offers stereo outputs and caters for an expression pedal.As if all this wasn’t enough, pressing down both of the footswitches together opens up a range of secondary parameters that can be set using the Deco’s knobs. There are high- and low-frequency trim controls, a boost/cut control for the double-tracker side (ranging from -3 to +3 dB) and a sweep speed control for the auto-flange. You can engage a wide stereo mode to send the two decks hard left and right, choose between hard-wired or buffered bypass modes, and switch between normal and studio input modes, the latter designed to play nicely with mixers, audio interfaces and line-level sources like synths. As for the expression pedal input, you can assign any knob to be controlled by an external expression pedal and set the maximum control value for the toe-down position. You can also plug one of Strymon’s mini Tap Favourite footswitches (£59.95$49) into the expression pedal input and use it to either tap in the desired lag time or save the pedal’s current settings for recall whenever you like.
Left and right stereo outputs are provided at the rear, alongside an expression pedal input and the main input jack. The Deco has a mono input as standard but will accept a stereo input via a TRS splitter cable if you change an internal jumper switch. Given the amount of digital processing going on, the pedal understandably won’t run on batteries, but a good-quality 9V DC mains adaptor is included in the box.
Plugging in the Deco, I’m immediately struck by the quality of the sound. Full, clear and incredibly quiet, in terms of fidelity it’s among the best stompboxes I’ve encountered, analogue or digital.
At moderate settings, the tape saturation effect provides compression that is, it has to be said, very subtle but certainly flattering. As promised, the high-frequency peaks are gently held in check and yield a fuller, smoother sound that retains your natural playing dynamics. In practice, it feels more like a very nice clean boost that you’d be happy to leave on all the time, very different to the sort of overt, squashy compression you might associate with a guitar stompbox. Turn it up and it will drive into distortion, adding dirt around the edges of the tone while retaining plenty of clarity and tonal transparency. At the farthest extreme, it gets pretty dirty (depending, of course, on the kind of level you’re feeding it) and, for better or worse, sounds convincingly like a solid-state machine being pushed beyond its limits! But whether you’re adding a little hair or a lot of fizz, the effect is very responsive to dynamics, from rolling back the guitar’s volume control to playing harder or softer.
Over on the double-tracking side, the Deco covers a lot of different territory and it can take a little time to get to grips with how its controls interact. With so much going on, this is a pedal that rewards a bit of experimentation. Shorter lag times create convincing tape flanging that’s both very evocative and very different to the more synthetic effect produced by bucket-brigade-delay-based flanger pedals. Turning up the wobble control introduces some movement, from a gentle sweep to a lopsided swirl — but, again, no airplane-taking-off woosh or fast warbling here. Setting the wobble control to zero creates a static comb filter that can profitably be used to shape or scoop out heavily distorted signals. Increase the lag time and, just before you get to a discernible slap echo, the Deco creates a thickening chorus effect that’s particularly effective in stereo. Again, this realistically tape-like effect provides a more subtle, natural sound than that found in the average chorus stompbox. On the flipside, however, it’s also much more limited in depth and range of adjustment than your typical chorus pedal.
Two independent processors are each treated to their own buffered/hard bypass.As with the flange and chorus sounds, the slapback and slightly longer echo available here is very tape-like in character. The repeat (singular, unless you’re in bounce mode, in which case each note repeats twice) is clean and clear, so those looking for multi-tap tape echo or the steep treble roll-off and trailing repeats of bucket-brigade delay need to look elsewhere. But if you dig short delays and rockabilly slapback, there are some lovely high-fidelity sounds available here.
Strymon’s decision to design the Deco around a control scheme that recreates the mechanics of these multiple tape deck effects has a couple of important consequences. The Deco can feel a little tricky to set and adjust compared to a conventional flange, chorus or delay with controls for rate, depth, level and so on. The flipside is that it lets you do things that none of these effects can. For example, by setting the lag time to zero or below and turning the blend knob hard right (so you’re listening to the second tape deck only), you can use the wobble control on its own to add pitch variation to an otherwise un-effected signal. At slap and echo lag times, turning the blend control past 12 o’clock to favour the second deck means that the repeat becomes louder than the original note.
The three-way mode switch adds further variation. Though the effect really depends on how the other controls are set, in general switching from sum to invert creates a hollower, more spacious sound with a more controlled low end, while bounce mode thickens the effect. While this is most notable with flange and chorus, inverting the phase at slap and echo lag times delivers an unusual and interesting effect, closer to what actually happens when sound waves reflect back off a hard surface and return out of phase to interact with the waves coming in behind them. The bounce mode, meanwhile, is very effective at creating a wide stereo signal from mono sources.
The Deco’s line-level studio mode works very well, provided you also remember to reset the concealed high and low trim controls to offer full bandwidth. The impression of excellent audio performance is borne out here and the Deco is more than capable of handling sound sources with a far wider frequency range than the electric guitar. If you’re working in a DAW environment, the Deco is at a disadvantage in that your average tape emulation, modulation and delay plug-ins will offer more detailed tweaking over a greater range, but the pedal nevertheless works well as a simple way to add warmth or distortion to drums and synths, flanging to keys or thickening chorus to strummed acoustic guitar. Ironically, the Deco’s ‘studio mode’ may be most useful in a live setting, used in-line with keyboards, drum machines and sound modules — the pedal’s portability and inherent reliability give it the edge over plug-ins here.
It’s worth stating again that there really isn’t another pedal out there like this. It sounds excellent and does exactly what it sets out to do, distilling studio-based tape effects into a compact pedal. Given the price, which is above average as guitar stompboxes go, albeit justified by the quality of the hardware, if you’re going to invest in a Deco I think you’ve got to really want the whole package. If you’re just interested in part of it — in the delay, chorus or flanging — there are cheaper pedals out there that are easier to set and offer a wider range of sounds in each category. But if you want specifically tape-based versions of all these effects — which, again, sound very convincing indeed — and you buy into the history of how they’re created and controlled, the Deco is at the top of a list of one.
The Deco really has no direct competitors in terms of the combination of effects and features it offers, and outside of Strymon’s own extensive range and Eventide’s Factor series of effects pedals, there are few manufacturers building digital pedals with this kind of audio quality or flexible line-level connectivity. There are options for those wishing to explore individual aspects of the Deco’s unique menu in greater detail, however. For tape-delay effects, check out Empress Audio’s Tape Delay and Strymon’s El Capistan. For tape flange, an intriguing new pedal from Catalinbread is due out any day now. The Zero Point manual tape flanger is a compact stompbox with only two features: a latching bypass footswitch and a second, momentary footswitch which slows down the second virtual tape deck to generate the flanging effect, letting you do with your foot what you would do with your thumb on an actual reel-to-reel machine. As potentially distracting as this sounds mid-solo, it’s certainly a highly original idea!
Excellent audio quality.
Highly realistic tape-based effects.
Flexible line-level connectivity.
Commitment to authenticity means it’s necessarily more limited in range than dedicated, multi-mode delay, chorus and flange pedals.
The Deco is a high-quality pedal that delivers on its promise of authentic tape flange, chorus and delay effects. Though not worth the price of admission alone, the tape compression and saturation section is a nice addition. The range of effects on offer is unique and uniformly excellent, but those only interested in one of the four may be better served by a dedicated pedal offering a wider (and less authentically tape-like) range of adjustment.
MusicPsych Ltd +44 (0)20 7607 6005
www.musicpsych.com
www.strymon.net
Strymon +1 805 468 8788
Relab Sonsig Rev‑A January 2020
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From the same manufacturer
Strymon Volante June 2019
Strymon Magneto September 2018
Strymon Dig January 2016
Strymon Big Sky January 2014
Strymon Mobius March 2013
Come on... show us your sites...
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Tag: Afghanistan
USACE TAA welcomes first female commander
Col. Kimberly Colloton officially assumed command of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), Transatlantic Afghanistan District (TAA), during a change of command ceremony Saturday at Bagram Airfield, Afghanistan. Colloton comes to TAA after previously serving as the commander for both the USACE Albuquerque and Los Angeles Districts and is TAA's first female commander.
Tunnel Rehab in Afghanistan: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Repairs Vital Transportation Link
The Salang Tunnel is a vital link connecting Afghanistan with Central Asia and Russia, but in the past 49 years the tunnel had deteriorated into a deathtrap. In 2012 the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) began short-term improvements. Just one year later, the Corps is ready to flip the switch on the final repairs.
USACE STEM professionals excel in Afghanistan
Without the female USACE Transatlantic District North professionals, mission accomplishment would be sorely hampered. We could not as easily execute our construction projects, or provide necessary oversight of the Operations and Maintenance mission for ANSF facilities in support of United States Forces-Afghanistan and NATO Training Mission-Afghanistan without the talented women who first achieved success in the classroom in pursuit of STEM qualifications.
Deployed District Employees Thank Third Grade Class
On Jan. 13, Capt. John Deal visited Ms. Tracy Lewis’ third grade class at 7 Bar Elementary School in Rio Rancho, N.M., in order to deliver some gifts
Albuquerque Team “Reaches Back” to Afghanistan
Besides continuing to send our employees to assist “in country,” Albuquerque District is now supporting operations in Afghanistan at home by providing design support for four Afghanistan National Army construction projects.
FEST-A Team Focuses on Culture and Engineering
The 59th FEST-A Team continues to provide support to the Albuquerque District and Santa Clara Pueblo. As promised, the team returned in early May to provide recommendations for low-cost and efficient delivery of potable water to the Pueblo community.
Guard Soldiers Return to New Army Aviation Support Facility
District personnel joined members of the New Mexico National Guard in honoring the Soldiers of Company C, 1-171st Aviation Regiment, who returned home from a year-long deployment in Afghanistan, April 27.
Wounded Warrior Team Member Meets President Obama
District employee MSG Lujan had the opportunity to meet the President after the State of the Union address in Washington, D.C.
Engineer Completes MBA While on Deployment
Electrical design engineer Paul L. Cravens, who joined the District in October after spending ten months in the Afghanistan Engineering District, drew upon personal experiences to complete his master’s of business administration degree while deployed.
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Space Science Institute - 4765 Walnut St, Suite B, Boulder, CO 80301
Become an SSI PI
National Center for Interactive Learning Website
Science for the Public
Imaging Ops
ISSOPS Website
Image credit: NCIL
SSI's education efforts are conducted through the National Center for Interactive Learning (www.nc4il.org), as well as through the education and outreach efforts conducted by SSI researchers. NCIL is organized around four interconnected groups: 1) Exhibition Development, 2) Digital Learning, 3) Professional Development, and 4) Public Engagement. Dr. Paul Dusenbery is the Director of SSI's Education Branch and NCIL.
National Center for Interactive Learning
Providing effective STEM learning opportunities for all Americans is essential to creating an educated citizenry who understand the complex issues confronting our nation and the world. STEM professions and the pipelines that produce those professionals lack ethnic diversity, even as the nation is undergoing a significant demographic shift. NCIL programs strategically engage diverse audiences in STEM education experiences. We foster collaboration between scientists and educators to bring the wonder of discovery directly to people wherever they are. We bridge the worlds of public schools, public libraries, museums, and the Internet. Our programs span a range of audience needs and delivery methods, including traveling museum and library exhibitions; award-winning educational films, videos, and websites; hands-on teaching resources and activities; and educator professional development (both online and in person).
For over a decade, NCIL works at the forefront of digital media, ranging from interactive experiences for museums and libraries to online games and now smartphone and tablet apps. The potential of digital media only increases as portable, connected devices become more commonplace, allowing us to reach people in a variety of different environments and contexts. This means an increased opportunity to impact formal education and to reach people in all walks of life, raising the general science literacy of the public.
Our education work is guided by a robust research and evaluation program that is developing best practices for interactive learning and enabling us to disseminate the most successful programs nationally.
credit: TLL Temple Memorial Library
PARTNERING WITH NCIL
SSI's National Center for Interactive Learning has developed a number of education and public outreach (E/PO) products and services that could benefit your E/PO program. NCIL is a full-service E/PO provider. It is a national leader in developing small and large exhibitions for science centers, museums, and public libraries. NCIL also develops standards-based activities, conducts STEM workshops for informal STEM educators, and partners with a variety of organizations to produce STEM programs that inspire and educate the next generation of innovators. For more information about NCIL visit www.nc4il.org.
If you're interested in partnering on an education project, please contact the education team.
Visit NCIL Website
SSI has been deeply involved in science education since its formation in 1992, producing pioneering projects ranging from exhibits, to digital learning experiences, to workshops designed to engage scientists in education reform. In May 2010, SSI expanded its educational efforts through the launch of NCIL.
Looking for science games or education resources? We've got you covered.
SSI can bring exciting science programs to your classroom.
STAR_Net Events
Events associated with the STAR_Net Libraries project.
Paul Dusenbery
Director, Education & Outreach/National Center for Interactive Learning
Jennifer Hampton
Projects Administrative Assistant
James Harold
Director of IST & Senior Education Associate
Community Engagement Manager
Keliann LaConte
Professional Development Manager
Brooks Mitchell
Greg Mosshammer
Web Content Manager
Claire Ratcliffe
Evaldas Vidugiris
Stephanie Vierow-Fields
©2016 Space Science Institute. All rights reserved.
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News > Spokane
Symphony musicians strike after talks fail
Tonight’s SuperPops at Fox canceled
Sat., Nov. 3, 2012
Amid an ongoing contract dispute, musicians with the Spokane Symphony picket outside the Fox Theater Saturday night. (Colin Mulvany / The Spokesman-Review)
By Chelsea Bannach chelseab@spokesman.com(509) 459-5424
Spokane symphony musicians, board reach agreement
Spokane Symphony cancels more performances
Patrons who have tickets to tonight’s scheduled SuperPops tribute to Arthur Fiedler will receive an automatic credit on their account. That credit can be used to purchase a ticket to a future concert, with some exclusions, or to buy a gift certificate for future use. Refunds also will be available. For information, call the box office at the Martin Woldson Theater at The Fox: (509) 624-1200.
The show won’t go on – at least not tonight.
Musicians in the Spokane Symphony Orchestra are going on strike amid an ongoing contract dispute.
The union representing the musicians announced Friday they will strike beginning at 5 p.m. today. As a result, tonight’s SuperPops performance was canceled.
Both sides said they’ve made compromises, and both accused the other of being stubborn.
“It is with regret that I must announce that after an additional day and a half of intensive bargaining where the symphony made significant compromises that they felt would bring the sides to an agreement, the musicians have halted the negotiations and called for a strike,” Peter Moye, symphony board president, said in a statement. “It is disappointing that the musicians have chosen to withhold the performance from their audience.”
The musicians have continued playing since the contract between the Spokane Symphony Society and Musicians Local 105 of the American Federation of Musicians expired Aug. 30. Negotiations had been ongoing since March. The symphony imposed a contract on the musicians in October that included cuts of more than 13 percent, reducing pay to about $15,130, according to the union. The union offered to take nearly 7 percent in cuts.
“We reached a point where it was clear that they weren’t willing to make substantial movement on the key issues, so we felt we had no other choice,” said timpanist and orchestra negotiator Adam Wallstein. “We offered significant, painful concessions to our salaries. They did not budge from their final offer on that count.”
In addition to the pay cuts, union representatives opposed what they call a restrictive leave policy that would inhibit the musicians’ ability to pursue other employment opportunities. Many of the musicians have outside jobs, such as teaching.
But symphony officials say their hands are tied by tough economic times.
Since 2009, the symphony’s annual operating budget has gone down 13 percent, according to symphony officials. The equivalent of eight full-time positions have been eliminated. They also say the administration has taken cuts and voluntary furloughs and donated back vacation time to help maintain musicians’ pay.
“It’s the position of the board that we will not run deficit budgets,” Moye said. “In the past few years we’ve been really, really lucky that we’ve had some angels out there. But you can’t budget angels every year. Until the economy picks up and ticket sales pick up, we need to live within our budget.”
The musicians’ contract was last negotiated in 2006. They are paid an hourly rate of more than $43 and must work eight 2.5-hour performances over 38 weeks of the year, according to the symphony. The symphony’s offer would continue pay at the same hourly rate but for fewer “guaranteed services,” which include concerts, rehearsals and educational events.
“That’s pretty misleading,” Wallstein said of the wage. “The only coherent way to understand our employment is to see us as salaried employees because we do most of our work off the clock practicing for our upcoming performances.”
Symphony officials say that because of an agreement in the 2006 contract, musicians were getting paid for work they aren’t doing. In that contract, musician compensation was based on a guaranteed number of services, but some plans were curtailed with a downturn in the economy and ticket sales.
“We are not cutting the hourly wage,” Moye said. “We are just cutting the services. We can’t run a tight ship when we’re paying for services that are not being used.”
The value of those unused services, according to the symphony, was between $120,000 and $180,000 over the past three years.
Wallstein said unused services are really untapped resources the symphony should be using for more fundraising and community outreach.
Both sides said they hope they can find a compromise and resume performances soon.
“We hope to find a compromise that both sides can live with,” Wallstein said.
Published: Nov. 3, 2012, midnight
Tags: contract negotiations, labor dispute, musicians, peter moye, spokane symphony, spokane symphony society
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Changes to school meal standards could combat food waste but harm anti-obesity efforts, Spokane experts say
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ST MONICA'S COLLEGE, EPPING: (03) 9409 8800 | 400 Dalton Road, Epping VIC 3076
VCE/VCAL/VET
STUDENT STUDIES
HOUSE SPORT
SPORT STAFF
ASH PROGRAM
MY SMC
CONDITIONS OF ENROLMENT.5t_M0NIC@5-@dm1n.2019-04-16T10:06:18+10:00
CONDITIONS OF ENROLMENT
The College’s Mission Statement sets out the priorities of the College and the culture of the school. This Mission Statement is supported by a variety of policies and procedures that are designed to maximise the educational effectiveness of the school. It is expected that all members of the College will act with respect, dignity and in accordance with Christian values. The Catholic traditions and teachings of SMC are integral to our mission as a College community.
It is expected that all students will apply a reasonable work ethic to their studies and that they will allow good learning and teaching to occur in the classroom setting. Students are expected to undertake study at home in addition to any homework which might be set by the teacher. All homework is to be completed and submitted on time.
The physical and moral security of all students is paramount. Therefore, the College reserves the right to confiscate prohibited and dangerous property and to take any action necessary to ensure the safety of others. This includes the searching of lockers to deal with those suspected of threatening – by commission or omission – the welfare of the College community.
The possession of prohibited substances by students when on College property or when associated with the College in any capacity, will mean immediate suspension. Likewise, the use of tobacco, alcohol and drugs of a non-prescriptive nature is not permitted while in uniform, on College property, or in any situation whereby students represent the College. The trafficking in illicit substances is grounds for Negotiated Transfer from the College.
St Monica’s College, Epping has a uniform code and clear grooming regulations. These must be followed at all times and they must be agreed to before enrolment will be formally offered. Regulations are listed in the Student Planner on an annual basis.
Liturgies (St Monica’s Day and Commencement Mass), sporting carnivals, examinations, camps and excursions are calendared annually and are integral to the holistic education the College provides. Apart from medical reasons supported by a legitimate doctor’s certificate, or unavoidable family emergencies, attendance is compulsory.
Co-curricular activities are critically important aspects of Monican life. Examples of such activities are: sport, music, drama, debating, community service. If a student chooses to participate in a co-curricular activity organised by the College then it is expected that the student will represent SMC if required by the school.
School fees are set out each year as determined by the College authority. The College expects that all fees and charges are paid promptly at the times requested by the school. In cases of individual need, families are expected to contact the Fees Management Officer or Business Manager to explain circumstances and make alternative arrangements. Such discussions remain confidential between the family and the Principal or relevant staff member.
The College is committed to offering the highest quality of information technology to students – both school-based and home-based. It is required that all students abide by the College regulations in this regard. Acceptable use of College Network is outlined in the Student Planner on an annual basis.
Students will be required by the College to travel between campuses for educational and/or sporting purposes.
At St Monica’s College, Epping we celebrate the efforts of our students by mentioning their participation in school events and their achievements in various publications. Occasionally names and photographs of students are included.
These publications and educational materials include:-
• Principal’s Bulletin
• The Monican
• College Website
• Parent, Staff and Student portals- accessible only by members of the College community
• College Annual
• Student identification and library cards
• Catholic Education Office Melbourne (CEOM) publications
• Catholic Education Commission of Victoria (CECV) publications
• Community newspapers, College Prospectus
• Promotional publications, including educational departments of the various states and territories as licensed under NEALS (National Educational Access Licence for Schools)
You are consenting to use of images in these educational and promotional publications without acknowledgement, remuneration or compensation.
On the College website there may be images of students but we do not identify the student’s name and only occasionally the year level.
Occasionally we invite the local press to College events and when a story may be published about your son/daughter they are always informed and they are expected to follow school policy on the publication of photographs of students. When a story is about an individual achievement we will always seek your consent before passing information or photographs to the press for publication. Unless a story features an individual child, only group photos are published and students identified by first name and year level only.
If you do not wish to give permission for your child’s photo to be used in any of the above mentioned publications please notify the College in writing.
By agreeing to the above conditions and you understand that if at any time, you decide to withdraw this authorization, it is your responsibility to notify the College.
A full list of College Expectations and Rules is also outlined in the Student Planner on a yearly basis.
The Principal is the final arbiter in matters pertaining to enrolment at the College.
St MONICAS COLLEGE
Dalton Road Campus
400 Dalton Road, Epping VIC 3076
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16 Davisson Street, Epping VIC 3076
Augustine House,
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Copyright © 2019 St Monica's College - Epping
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St Paul’s Collegiate School
Why St Paul’s?
History of St Paul’s
Tihoi
Vertical house system
Starting at St Paul’s
St Paul’s Foundation
Collegians news
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Do you have a story suggestion? We’d love to hear from you. Email stpauls@stpauls.school.nz
The Home and Away Life of a Top Art Director
No stake too high
Taking her research international
On the farm start-up for school friends
Conversations that began ‘over a beer’ have evolved into an IT start-up venture for four St Paul’s Collegians.
Richard Wildman (Williams 1997-2001), Marcus Graham (Sargood 1997-2001), Mike Jenkins (School 1997-2001) and Scott Townshend (Clark 1999-2001) own Knode, a farm monitoring system, which uses the latest technology to help farmers remotely monitor their assets, through the installation of sensors.
Sensor data is transmitted direct to ‘cloud’ storage; then processed, analysed, and presented through dashboards on the farmer’s own phone, tablet or computer.
Richard, 35, who started the venture in 2016, works as managing director in the business.
Marcus is farming in Ohaupo; Mike runs the cloud services business The Instillery in Hamilton; and Scott owns a consultancy business in Ngatea.
Together they bring varying skills and years of commercial experience to the business.
“We have all been exposed to what was happening in technology outside ag, and outside New Zealand, and we are looking at how we can essentially give farmers in New Zealand easier access to some of that stuff.”
When he left school, Richard studied mechanical engineering at the University of Canterbury. He then spent several years overseas, working in the oil and gas industry.
He specialised in sensor technology and travelled extensively from his Perth base to places including Kazakhstan, Egypt, Papua New Guinea and the US. He then worked for a commercial business insurance firm in Sydney, and later Auckland.
“It was around that time I started talking to some old school mates about the different applications of technology in the ag-tech space in New Zealand.”
The Knode concept was first developed on Richard’s family farm in Te Kuiti. “My old man was having problems managing water, essentially running out of water and having lots of water leaks and chasing his tail all day trying to find out where the problems were.”
“So, we looked at ways to make that more visible without having to run around the farm, and that is when we put different sensors into the water tanks and distribution lines.”
Knode allows the data to be transmitted back to the cloud, and then is presented on a ‘dashboard’ on the app.
So far, there has been strong interest in the Knode technology for farmers wanting to find efficiencies in their business. As well as water management, the application can be used in other areas, from managing effluent spread to milk temperature monitoring.
“It turned out that farmers were not the only ones who wanted the technology, so we are now working with vehicle tracking and in industrial plants, to drive business insights.”
Knode will be at the Fieldays for a second year, sharing a stand with a business owned by Scott called Trev, another ag-tech company which assists farmers to benchmark farm performance.
Richard, who spoke to Network on behalf of the group, lives in Auckland. He and partner Sarah have a son Ralph, 2, and another child due in August.
Written by Monica Holt
(Source: Network Issue 97)
77 Hukanui Road
Hamilton 3240, New Zealand School Office +64 7 957 8899
School Shop +64 7 957 8841
Email info@stpauls.school.nz
© 2020 St Paul’s Collegiate School Admin
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ISRAEL: The Slow Roll Backwards
SURFACE FORCES : LMS Versus LCS
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Artillery: Inspired Iranian Innovation
January 10, 2013: The Allied Democratic Forces (ADF) rebel group is expanding in East Africa. The ADF is recruiting fighters in Burundi, Uganda, and Tanzania. Since last August the ADF has been recruiting more fighters and building base camps in the eastern Congo. The ADF is now aligned with the Somali Islamist Al Shabaab militia, which Ugandan Army soldiers have been fighting in Somalia. The ADF had set up a base camp (and possibly a headquarters) near the town of Beni in the north of the Congo’s North Kivu province. The area is about 90 kilometers from the Congo-Uganda border.
The ADF’s full name is the Allied Democratic Forces-National Army for the Liberation of Uganda (ADF-NALU). The ADF formed in the mid-1990s and operated from bases in the eastern Congo. Allegedly Sudan played a role in forming the ADF and many ADF fighters were Muslim Ugandans. The ADF tried to attract support inside Uganda but largely failed. The government contends that Al Shabaab and its supporters have revived the ADF as a tool for attacking Uganda. Uganda has forces deployed with AMISOM (African Union Mission in Somalia) in Somalia. In early December the Ugandan Army reported that the ADF had at least 500 to 600 fighters. At least one source says the figure is over 1,000 fighters. These include ADF fighters who have gone to Somalia to fight with Al Shabaab. The ADF’s senior commander, Jamil Mukulu, is allegedly hiding in Tanzania. Mukulu is a Muslim convert. ADF may have funding sources in East Africa. The ADF purportedly engages in timber smuggling (from Congolese forests) and smuggling precious minerals (specifically gold).
January 7, 2013: Al Shabaab militia suffered a severe defeat after AMISOM forces raided a key Al Shbaab base located in the Balidoogle area (120 kilometers northwest of Mogadishu). Ugandan soldiers ambushed an Al Shabaab unit and then raided a base camp.
January 4, 2013: The government said that it is willing to commit peacekeeping troops to the Central African Republic (CAR) to help stabilize the deteriorating situation in that country. The government said that the African Union (AU) is the logical organization to create a peacekeeping force for the CAR.
December 26, 2012: The African Union wants the four countries participating in the search for Lords’ Resistance Army (LRA) commander Joseph Kony to recommit themselves to capturing Kony and defeating the LRA. Uganda, the Congo, South Sudan, and the CAR have all promised to help in the regional effort to capture Kony.
December 19, 2012: There is evidence that the LRA is killing elephants (for their ivory) in the Congo’s Garamba National Park. Congolese park rangers reportedly captured some elephant tusks after a firefight with LRA guerrillas.
December 18, 2012: The LRA has launched 180 attacks during 2012, and 138 occurred in the Congo while 42 occurred in the Central African Republic (CAR). These attacks left 39 dead and 193 kidnapped.
December 13, 2012: The Ugandan Army placed units on high alert because of what it considers to be credible intelligence that Allied Democratic Forces (ADF) guerrillas will launch attacks in western Uganda. The army believes that the ADF has built several new base camps in the eastern Congo. The ADF has at least 500 to 600 guerrilla fighters under arms and is recruiting more. The military claimed that the ADF has been trying to recruit in Uganda’s Mayuge district (northeastern Uganda).
December 11, 2012: President Yoweri Museveni met with Russian president Vladimir Putin in Moscow. Russia is interested in Uganda’s expanding oil production. Museveni has said that Uganda is seeking additional sources of international investment. Russia is also interested in selling Uganda more Su-30 fighters.
December 10, 2012: The Ugandan Contingent with AMISOM and Somali troops retook the Somali town of Jawahr ( 90 kilometers northeast of Mogadishu). Al Shabaab militia units had used Jawahr as a base.
November 26, 2012: A senior M23 (a Tutsi Congo rebel group) commander has flown to Kampala, Uganda to participate in negotiations to end the M23 rebellion in the Congo (Democratic Republic of Congo). Uganda is helping facilitate the negotiations.
November 22, 2012: The government once again firmly denied that it is involved with the Congolese M23 rebel movement. The denial came the same day several security analysts published assessments of the government’s threat to withdraw its forces from international peacekeeping and stability operations. Even critics of Uganda (several of whom have concluded the evidence that Uganda and Rwanda support M23 is overwhelming) have agreed the threat by the Museveni government is very astute diplomacy. Many of the nations criticizing Uganda have refused to send troops to Somalia but they support the AMISOM mission. Since 2007, the Ugandan Army has served as AMISOM’s primary peacekeeping force in the Mogadishu area. The government has essentially said, okay, if you want to make malign accusations against us, then you go police Somalia.
November 20, 2012: The government is continuing to talk to the Russian state arms exporting company, Rosoboronexport. Though the acquisition of six Russian-made Su-30MK2 multi-mission combat fighters remains very controversial in Uganda, the government contends the country needs the aircraft to protect its oilfields and planned oil refining and transport infrastructure. The government points to attacks on South Sudan’s infrastructure by the Sudanese Air Force as a reason to have high-performance fighters capable of conducting air interception missions. According to Rosoboronexport officials, Uganda has expressed an interest in obtaining an option to purchase six more Su-30MK2s. Russian media have reported that Ugandan president Yoweri Museveni will discuss the aircraft when he visits Moscow in December.
November 16, 2012: The government has begun to relocate some 8,000 people living near the Lake Albert oil fields to make room to build an oil refinery. The relocation program is controversial. Most of the people being relocated are farmers and their families, and they are angry at losing their land. They claim that the government is not paying enough in compensation. There are also several disagreements over surveys and land records. The planned refinery complex, which is being built by the state’s Petroleum Exploration and Production Department (PEPD), requires 29 square kilometers of space. The large area includes a small airport, housing for workers, and stores. The government contends that the country needs the refinery because it will ultimately make more money if it can sell refined products to other east African countries. Uganda won’t simply export oil as a natural resource, it will sell refined products (value-added products). Ugandan workers will have these high-paying jobs, not someone in another country. The refinery is supposed to be completed by 2015. The Lake Albert area has between three and four billion barrels of oil. (Austin Bay)
November 10, 2012: The government renewed its threat to withdraw Ugandan Army troops from UN and African Union peacekeeping operations. The government called a UN report that Uganda is aiding the M23 rebel movement in the Congo a “stab in the back.” Ugandan diplomats have been meeting with members of the UN Security Council to express the nation’s outrage. However, the UN reported that Uganda has not yet lodged an official complaint.
November 6, 2012: The government rejected a UN investigative report which claimed that Uganda had actively supported the M23 rebel movement. M23 operates in the Congo’s eastern province of North Kivu. In the months prior to its attack on the city of Goma, M23 held an enclave on the Uganda-Congo border. The UN report quote Congolese Army sources and M23 fighters who claimed that the Ugandan Army had around 600 soldiers involved with the rebel army. Uganda contends that the 600 soldiers were Congolese Army soldiers who had fled from M23 into the Uganda. Ugandan diplomats are also pointing out that Uganda has repeatedly offered to act as a mediator in negotiations between M23 commanders and the Congolese government. There is an on-going mediation effort by the International Conference on the Great Lakes Region (ICGLR, a regional cooperation group). Uganda’s president currently chairs the ICGLR.
November 3, 2012: Somalia said that his country relies on AMISOM’s peacekeeping force to defend it and stabilize the country. He also made it clear that the Ugandan Contingent (Ugandan Army component of AMISOM) plays a major role in fighting the Al Shabaab Islamist militia and the war against Al Shabaab is at a critical moment. The withdrawal of Ugandan soldiers would place Somalia at risk. The Ugandan Army (Ugandan Peoples Defense Forces, UDF) has around 5,000 soldiers in Somalia. AMISOM has 17,600 peacekeepers on duty. The Somali government said that it has not yet heard anything officially from the Ugandan government regarding threats by Uganda to withdraw its peacekeeping contingent. Uganda is angry at a UN report which accuses it of supporting Congolese rebels. The Somali government was responding to a report that the Ugandan government is seriously considering withdrawing Ugandan security forces from regional peacekeeping efforts in Somalia and the Central African Republic (CAR). The Ugandan forces in the CAR are pursuing the Lords Resistance Army. Uganda also has soldiers in South Sudan who are participating in the anti-LRA operation.
October 24, 2012: The government announced that it is reconsidering its participation in the Somalia AMISOM peacekeeping mission because of what it called a false accusation by the UN that it is supporting the Congolese M23 rebel movement.
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INDIA-PAKISTAN: The Great South Asian Reality Check
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Uganda: Current 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999
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Penalty-shot goal in overtime lifts Everett Silvertips over Spokane Chiefs
UPDATED: Sun., Nov. 3, 2019
By Kevin Dudley For The Spokesman-Review
The Everett Silvertips are stingy on defense and have enough skill on offense that any mistake can cost you big time. The Spokane Chiefs learned that hard lesson after Bryce Kindopp scored on a penalty shot in overtime to give the Silvertips a 4-3 win over the Chiefs Sunday at the Arena.
Kindopp forced a turnover by Spokane’s Bobby Russell and skated in alone on Chiefs goaltender Lukas Parik. Russell hooked him from behind, setting up the game-winning penalty shot.
The Chiefs still got one point for taking the game to overtime, but the second spot in the standings proved elusive and prevented the Chiefs from a weekend sweep.
Still, there were positive takeaways for head coach Manny Viveiros.
“We did everything we possibly could. We had some great opportunities and we knew exactly how they were going to come in here and play,” he said. “Our guys stuck to our game plan. We were structured and had more than enough opportunities to score, but their goaltender made some good saves.”
The Chiefs peppered Everett’s Dustin Wolf with 40 shots and held Everett to 25. Wolf stopped 37 in the win, and Parik turned aside 21.
Kindopp’s game-winner was his second goal of the game. He also scored in the third period to give Everett a brief 3-2 lead.
But the Chiefs were a resilient team this night, answering Everett every step of the way. Spokane answered Everett goals 35 and 17 seconds apart to keep pace.
The first answer came after Jalen Price scored his first goal of the season to give Everett an early 1-0 lead at 7:10 of the first. Adam Beckman answered 35 seconds later to tie the game after he deflected a Cordel Larson pass in front.
After Kindopp’s third-period tally, Eli Zummack took a cross-ice pass from Luke Toporowski and scored to tie the game before the P.A. announcer was finished sharing Kindopp’s goal.
Michael King had Spokane’s other goal with 15 seconds left in the first. Michal Gut scored for Everett on the power play at 15:10 of the second.
“We’ve kind of had issues at times when teams score and we kind of fall apart,” Beckman said. “Tonight we got right back on the forecheck and got the game back on track quickly.”
Kindopp’s penalty shot came right after Russell hopped onto the ice. Viveiros doesn’t fault Russell’s play, noting that Kindopp made a nice move to get in position to take advantage.
“Mistakes happen and (Russell) will make that play a hundred times and that won’t happen,” he said. “It’s just one of those things that just happened. It’s not on him, our guys played well, and he played well. Sometimes stuff happens.”
Everett converted on its two power-play opportunities. That’s notable because the Silvertips’ special teams are not their strength. Everett came into Sunday with just the 16th-best power-play unit out of 22 Western Hockey League teams.
The Chiefs, one of the better power-play teams in the league, converted on one of two opportunities.
The Silvertips also were playing their third game in as many nights and were down to just 10 forwards against Spokane. Key contributors Max Patterson and Cole Fonstad were both out. Fonstad is injured, and the reason for Patterson’s absence wasn’t known.
Despite that advantage and the strong play, Spokane still couldn’t crack a Silvertips team that has won the last three U.S. Division titles. The Silvertips seem to be going for it again this season.
“There’s nothing negative other than the fact that we didn’t get two points tonight,” Viveiros said. “Our kids did everything we asked of them.”
The Chiefs and Everett are back at the Arena on Friday for a rematch.
Published: Nov. 3, 2019, 9:45 p.m. Updated: Nov. 3, 2019, 9:55 p.m.
Tags: everett silvertips, spokane chiefs, sports, western hockey league
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Section 131A Customs Act 1901 Imposing Duty on Fish Caught by Australian Ships
Section 131A Customs Act 1901
Imposing Duty on Fish Caught by Australian Ships
Section 131A of the Customs Act 1901 (Cth) deals with Imposing Duty on Fish Caught by Australian Ships and is extracted below.
131A Fish caught by Australian ships
(1) Fish and other goods the produce of the sea which are caught or gathered by a ship which:
(a) is registered in Australia; and
(b) was fitted out for the voyage during which those fish or goods were caught or gathered at a port or place in Australia;
shall not, when brought into Australia by that ship, or by a tender (which is registered in Australia) of that ship, be liable to any duty of Customs, or be subject to the control of the Customs.
Tuan represented me. He gave we correct advice from the start and made the while process as smooth as possible. We achieve the best outcome
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Stories About Submit a Story
Board Games RPG Minis Kickstarter Terrain Popular More...
Ultimate Kingdoms RPG Supplement Up On Kickstarter
It's good to be king. But, in RPGs, you don't usually end up being the actual monarch in control of a country. ... But why the heck not? Ultimate Kingdoms not only helps you build kingdoms in your games, but it puts you in control of them. It's a supplement for both 5th Edition and Pathfinder, and it's up on Kickstarter now.
Mythic Mania 2 For Pathfinder Up On Kickstarter
Mythic Mania 2 (not called "Myth Harder," much to my dismay) is a new pair of expansion books for Pathfinder that brings even more mythic material to your games. There's no such thing as too many options for your games, if you ask me, so having some more books has got to be a good thing. The new tomes are up on Kickstarter now.
Fates of Madness RPG Card Game Up On Kickstarter
Fates of Madness is a new RPG card game up on Kickstarter. Instead of having books and paper, you play using your decks of cards. Head down into the dungeons, defeat all manner of monsters, and come away with some sweet loot. It's everything you want in an RPG, but without all the tedious page-flipping.
Legendary Games and Mythica Games are teaming up. They're taking the Gothic Campaign Compendium from Legendary and throwing in the card-game-making skills of Mythica to bring you Fates of Madness. It's a cooperative RPG card game and it's up on Kickstarter now.
Legendary Games Running Pirate Campaign Compendium for 5E and Pathfinder RPG Kickstarter
Yarr arr yarr! I loddie the hotpants!
Set sail, mehearties! 'tis time for some high-seas adventure! Hoist the misenmast and set that yardarm and ... other stereotypical piratey sayings! Legendary Games is looking to inject some swashbuckling action into your 5th Edition and Pathfinder RPG games. They're running a Kickstarter campaign for a Pirate Campaign Compendium with plenty of characters and equipment and adventure paths for a whole bunch of pirate play.
Legendary Games Running Alien Bestiary Kickstarter
Evolution is, if nothing else, an almost magical thing. It will take whatever environment the universe might concoct and fill it with all manner of life, each one perfectly suited to conditions that we here on Earth might look at and go, "no damn way!" So, when headed out among the stars, each planet you come across might be simply loaded with all manner of creatures. And that's just what Legendary Games is giving you stats for (for Starfinder and 5th Edition) in their Alien Bestiary. The book is up on Kickstarter now.
Book of Exalted Darkness: Evil Adventures for 5E Up On Kickstarter
Some people just want to see the world burn. All those stuck-up, self-righteous, do-gooders make them sick. They'd much rather everyone run around, doing what they want. That's the sort of setting you're dropped into in Book of Exalted Darkness. It's a holy decopunk campaign world that you're looking to corrupt and destroy by whatever means you think'll work best. The book is written to be used with 5th Edition. It's also up on Kickstarter now.
Legendary Games Releases 2099 Wasteland RPG Book
I've posted many times that I love when a Kickstarter funds, then goes on sale to the general public. Now, most games that do that are months after the projected release date. Well, Legendary Games is doing something not a lot of Kickstarters can claim: releasing 2 months early. So if you want to get their 2099 Wasteland RPG book, you can now.
Forest Kingdom Campaign Compendium Up On Kickstarter
Though I've not gone in quite some time, I do enjoy camping. Going out there into the woods and getting back to nature. Just gotta watch out for all the forest creatures and make sure you're not invading their territory. It's bad enough with bears and cougars and such, but then you've gotta watch out for elves and faeries and other Fey creatures. If you're up for doing such, though, in your Pathfinder or Dungeons & Dragons games, you might want to pick up the Forest Kingdom Campaign Compendium that's up on Kickstarter now.
Trail of the Apprentice RPG Adventure Up On Kickstarter
You know, we're all new at something at some point. And while you may have a natural talent for something, you're still going to have to do a lot of learning to be able to become a master at any particular skill... particularly adventuring in a fantasy realm. That tends to take a lot of time and effort in the form of killing various monsters (who hasn't had to clean out a local tavern's basement of giant rats?). Well, I don't know if there's any basements full of giant rats in Trail of the Apprentice, but I do know that it's up on Kickstarter now.
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TRACK MARKS BEST OF 2014: “Seasons (Waiting on You)” by Future Islands
December 10, 2014 Sara Leave a comment
This week, SportsAlcohol.com writers are recounting the best music of 2014. Today’s Track Marks focus on individual songs from albums that didn’t make our collective top five, but did appear on our individual best-album ballots.
While I had heard and greatly enjoyed Future Islands’ previous album On the Water, I didn’t truly sit up and pay attention to the band until their appearance on Letterman in March. In the widely shared clip, frontman Samuel T. Herring became instantly notorious for his Gumby-esque dance moves and cloth-rending sincerity. The man seemed both on the verge of emotionally breaking down and physically breaking out of his body. It’s a fiercely physical performance punctuated by a voice both tender and guttural. All while wearing what might be the most Dad-core outfit to ever grace the Late Show stage.
It doesn’t hurt that the song they were performing was a pretty great one. As a fan of Joy Division, New Order, and its ilk, I’m predisposed to like Future Islands’ sound, which borrows from the ’80s new wave while never becoming derivative. Like Ian Curtis before him, Herring has a very distinctive voice. When singing slower tempo numbers, he can almost sound like an impish Vincent Price but when he’s soaring over choruses as he does on “Seasons (Waiting on You)” he takes on an unhinged beauty that cuts through the swirling synths of the music, giving what could be a standard dance tune an unexpected depth and urgency. The lyrics themselves are about letting go. “Seasons change, but I’ve grown tired trying to change for you,” Herring sings. But regret also lingers for what we leave behind and what we cannot be: “The summer will wake… but the winter will crave what has all gone away.” Such metaphors flirt with patness, but when the music hits that right mix of joyful and wistful you’ll be too swept up to care.
Sara is big into reading and writing fiction like it's her job, because it is. That doesn't mean she isn't real as it gets. She loves real stuff like polka dots, indie rock, and underground fight clubs. I may have made some of that up. I don't know her that well. You can tell she didn't just write this in the third person because if she had written it there would have been less suspect sentence construction.
Latest posts by Sara (see all)
TRACK MARKS 2019: “Cellophane” by FKA Twigs - December 19, 2019
TRACK MARKS 2019: “Devotion” by Pure Bathing Culture - December 19, 2019
TRACK MARKS 2019: “Seventeen” by Sharon Von Etten - December 18, 2019
2014 in reviewbest of 2014dadcoredance musicfuture islandsgumbyi'll take all of that you gotindie rocklettermanon the waterseasons (waiting on you)singles
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1And Jehovah saith unto Joshua, `Fear not, nor be affrighted, take with thee all the people of war, and rise, go up to Ai; see, I have given into thy hand the king of Ai, and his people, and his city, and his land, 2and thou hast done to Ai and to her king as thou hast done to Jericho and to her king; only, its spoil and its cattle ye spoil for yourselves; set for thee an ambush for the city at its rear.'
3And Joshua riseth, and all the people of war, to go up to Ai, and Joshua chooseth thirty thousand men, mighty ones of valour, and sendeth them away by night, 4and commandeth them, saying, `See, ye are liers in wait against the city, at the rear of the city, ye go not very far off from the city, and all of you have been prepared, 5and I and all the people who are with me draw near unto the city, and it hath come to pass when they come out to meet us as at the first, and we have fled before them, 6and they have come out after us till we have drawn them out of the city, for they say, They are fleeing before us as at the first, and we have fled before them, 7and ye rise from the ambush, and have occupied the city, and Jehovah your God hath given it into your hand; 8and it hath been, when ye capture the city, ye burn the city with fire, according to the word of Jehovah ye do, see, I have commanded you.' 9And Joshua sendeth them away, and they go unto the ambush, and abide between Bethel and Ai, on the west of Ai; and Joshua lodgeth on that night in the midst of the people. 10And Joshua riseth early in the morning, and inspecteth the people, and goeth up, he and the elders of Israel, before the people to Ai; 11and all the people of war who are with him have gone up, and draw nigh and come in over-against the city, and encamp on the north of Ai; and the valley is between him and Ai. 12And he taketh about five thousand men, and setteth them an ambush between Bethel and Ai, on the west of the city; 13and they set the people, all the camp which is on the north of the city, and its rear on the west of the city, and Joshua goeth on that night into the midst of the valley. 14And it cometh to pass, when the king of Ai seeth it , that hasten, and rise early, and go out do the men of the city to meet Israel for battle, he and all his people, at the appointed season, at the front of the plain, and he hath not known that an ambush is against him, on the rear of the city. 15And Joshua and all Israel seem stricken before them, and flee the way of the wilderness, 16and all the people who are in the city are called to pursue after them, and they pursue after Joshua, and are drawn away out of the city, 17and there hath not been left a man in Ai and Bethel who hath not gone out after Israel, and they leave the city open, and pursue after Israel. 18And Jehovah saith unto Joshua, `Stretch out with the javelin which is in thy hand towards Ai, for into thy hand I give it;' and Joshua stretcheth out with the javelin which is in his hand toward the city, 19and the ambush hath risen with haste, out of its place, and they run at the stretching out of his hand, and go into the city, and capture it, and hasten, and burn the city with fire. 20And the men of Ai look behind them, and see, and lo, the smoke of the city hath gone up unto the heavens, and there hath not been in them power to flee hither and thither--and the people who are fleeing to the wilderness have turned against the pursuer, -- 21and Joshua and all Israel have seen that the ambush hath captured the city, and that the smoke of the city hath gone up, and they turn back and smite the men of Ai; 22and these have come out from the city to meet them, and they are in the midst of Israel, some on this side, and some on that, and they smite them till he hath not left to them a remnant and escaped one;
23and the king of Ai they caught alive, and bring him near unto Joshua. 24And it cometh to pass, at Israel's finishing to slay all the inhabitants of Ai in the field, in the wilderness in which they pursued them (and they fall all of them by the mouth of the sword till their consumption), that all Israel turn back to Ai, and smite it by the mouth of the sword; 25and all who fall during the day, of men and of women, are twelve thousand--all men of Ai. 26And Joshua hath not brought back his hand which he stretched out with the javelin till that he hath devoted all the inhabitants of Ai; 27only, the cattle and the spoil of that city have Israel spoiled for themselves, according to the word of Jehovah which He commanded Joshua. 28And Joshua burneth Ai, and maketh it a heap age-during--a desolation unto this day; 29and the king of Ai he hath hanged on the tree till even-time, and at the going in of the sun hath Joshua commanded, and they take down his carcase from the tree, and cast it unto the opening of the gate of the city, and raise over it a great heap of stones till this day.
30Then doth Joshua build an altar to Jehovah, God of Israel, in mount Ebal, 31as Moses, servant of Jehovah, commanded the sons of Israel, as it is written in the book of the law of Moses--an altar of whole stones, over which he hath not waved iron--and they cause to go up upon it burnt-offerings to Jehovah, and sacrifice peace-offerings; 32and he writeth there on the stones the copy of the law of Moses, which he hath written in the presence of the sons of Israel. 33And all Israel, and its elders, and authorities, and its judges, are standing on this side and on that of the ark, over-against the priests, the Levites, bearing the ark of the covenant of Jehovah, as well the sojourner as the native, half of them over-against mount Gerizim, and the half of them over-against mount Ebal, as Moses servant of Jehovah commanded to bless the people of Israel at the first. 34And afterwards he hath proclaimed all the words of the law, the blessing and the reviling, according to all that is written in the book of the law; 35there hath not been a thing of all that Moses commanded which Joshua hath not proclaimed before all the assembly of Israel, and the women, and the infants, and the sojourner who is going in their midst.
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DRIVE ALL NIGHT by GLEN HANSARD Story by Vin Maskell
Home/Bruce Springsteen, Singer-songwriters/DRIVE ALL NIGHT by GLEN HANSARD Story by Vin Maskell
Vin Maskell
Great Ocean Road, Victoria, September 2015
It was a simple errand. A five minute drive with my brother from the beach house to the general store. Cheese, tomatoes, milk. Dark chocolate maybe.
The day was ending, heading to sunset. We had pottered about the house, built by our parents 40 years ago, and talked about maintenance, firewood, watertanks, snakes, echidnas and family.
We’d kicked a little footy back and forth on a gravel road while Peter’s two children gained confidence on their bicycles.
We’d sat around the kitchen table, we’d washed and dried dishes. We’d talked about music and stories.
Time together.
We got into Peter’s car. He turned on the ignition and there was Glen Hansard singing Drive All Night. Inside the house, amongst about 300 records, was the original version from The River by Springsteen. The second last song of the double album. Track 3, side 4, after The Price You Pay and before the final song, Wreck On The Highway.
But here, in the car, the song was all alone. Not part of the bigger picture of the album, the broader narrative, that included the brooding tone of Independence Day and Point Blank, and the throw-away rockers like Hungry Heart and Cadillac Ranch.
Here it was just Glen Hansard. And two brothers sitting in a car.
We didn’t talk for those five minutes to the general store. Not a word. Peter knows Hansard’s work quite well but I’m a newcomer. I’d heard of him at least. (On a previous short drive along the Great Ocean Road Peter had mentioned Hansard’s enthusiasm for Van Morrison.)
And then the spell was broken. The car crested the Aireys Inlet hill and we were at the store.
Drive All Night is a Springsteen love song, so it’s about cars and roads and romance. It’s about caring and loss and comfort, it’s about driving all night to buy a pair of shoes. It’s about making the mundane momentous. It ain’t about brothers – Springsteen’s got others to tell those tales.
I’d drive all night with my brother if I could. It would be escapism of a sort but also a rare chance to spend time, a long time, together.
We’d pack sandwiches and snacks and drinks. Chocolate. A football. Some of Peter’s surfboards.
We could keep driving down the Ocean Road, twisting and turning and winding our way through Lorne, Apollo Bay, Warrnambool, Port Fairy, Portland, looking, as the sun rose, for beaches and surf. And we’d return inland through country towns, looking for general stores and footy grounds.
Like Springsteen’s character in the song we might have to drive through wind and rain, but not through snow, not on the southern edge of eastern Australia.
We’d talk about our parents. How do you thank them, when they are long gone?
We’d talk about our eldest brother. All these years on it still doesn’t make sense. I was a teenager, Peter was just a boy.
We’d talk about our sisters, our own families, music, stories, work.
And we’d know when not to talk, when to let the music and the night and the road and the wheels and the engine and the sky and stars take over from the words.
We’d stop every hour or two. Stretch our legs. Give each other some space. Walk down a back road. Throw stones at fences and gates and signposts.
And then back in the car, back into this thing called life with all its ups and downs and disappointments and hopes. Back in the car, talking and not-talking, joking and laughing, listening and breathing, and wishing and wondering, and making the mundane momentous.
Peter and Vin Maskell are part of the Stereo Stories ensemble of musicians and writers.
Our next show is at the Williamstown Town Hall on Saturday 17 June, part of the Williamstown Literary Festival. Cabaret seating (330 tickets) booked out. General admission balcony tickets now available.
Many more Stereo Stories by many more writers
Peter Maskell (and Stereo Stories writer Zoe Krupka). Photo by Eric Algra. Geelong Library, February 2016.
Vincent Maskell
Vin is founding editor of Stereo Stories and director/MC of Stereo Stories In Concert.
By Vincent Maskell|2019-09-19T13:24:45+10:00June 1st, 2017|Bruce Springsteen, Singer-songwriters|6 Comments
Eric June 1, 2017 at 8:41 pm - Reply
Wonderful story Vin……wish I had a relationship like that with my brothers
Darz28 June 2, 2017 at 3:55 pm - Reply
I really enjoyed reading about those special moments, where songs can take you, when you have to pause and just listen. The magic of music, strengthening your understanding of people, connection to other artists and feeling the appreciation of what influences other musicians. Thanks.
P June 7, 2017 at 3:48 pm - Reply
i sometimes think i’m not/wasn’t real close to my brother. but then i remember us driving down the Hume to the Melbourne Cup in his crazy 180B, numerous illicit trips to canberra to buy milk, down and back while the house slept.
my friend Al was the biggest Springsteen fan there ever was and many is the place we would run out of petrol, atop some freezing mountain or hellhole pass, because we had been too into the moment, the Boss punding away and the lights flicking by the other way, to notice the bloody petrol gauge.
Rick Kane June 27, 2017 at 2:23 pm - Reply
Wonderful Vin, all of it and especially this: “And we’d know when not to talk, when to let the music and the night and the road and the wheels and the engine and the sky and stars take over from the words”.
A small note, not sure I’d call Hungry Heart a throw-away rocker. Ramrod yes, even I’m a Rocker but Hungry Heart? That’s a great sad song with a chant/dance beat.
Stereo Stories Admin June 27, 2017 at 3:21 pm - Reply
Thank Rick. I defer to your expert knowledge of Springsteen regarding Hungry Heart.
Joren Timberake July 2, 2018 at 9:32 am - Reply
You reminded me of all the road trips withJan down the Great Ocean road, some to visit John at Moggs Creek and some just because we could. Thanks for the tears xx
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Red Onion Eatery in Vero Beach has outstanding sandwiches
The namesake sandwich is two toasted slices of sourdough bread stuffed with smoked turkey, crisp bacon and slices of Fuji apple.
Red Onion Eatery in Vero Beach has outstanding sandwiches The namesake sandwich is two toasted slices of sourdough bread stuffed with smoked turkey, crisp bacon and slices of Fuji apple. Check out this story on tcpalm.com: https://www.tcpalm.com/story/entertainment/dining/2016/12/22/red-onion-eatery-has-outstanding-sandwiches-restaurant-review/95217830/
Special to Treasure Coast Newspapers Published 4:00 a.m. ET Dec. 22, 2016
The Red Onion's namesake sandwich is two slices of toasted sourdough bread stuffed generously with smoked turkey, crisp bacon, slices of Fuji apple, gouda cheese, caramelized onion, and cream cheese.(Photo: MARIBETH RENNE/SPECIAL TO TREASURE COAST NEWSPAPERS)Buy Photo
We heard from concerned readers when The Red Onion Eatery closed its doors at the end of October at the location across from the hospital.
Rest assured The Red Onion Eatery on Ocean Drive in Vero Beach is going strong and continues to serve outstanding sandwiches, salads, soups, sides and desserts.
And if you haven’t visited the Ocean Drive location yet, you are in for a treat.
This restaurant is much more spacious, bright and welcoming than the other one, with cheerful yellow walls and brilliant white wainscoting. Original acrylic paintings by James Ryder Murphy IV grace the walls and add to the beachy ambiance and comfortable feel of the place.
On the evening we were there, the young staff was gracious and very competent. They took our orders at the counter, invited us to help ourselves to our beverages, and urged us to choose a seat of our liking as we waited for our food to be prepared and served to us at our table.
One of our friends, known far and wide as a hefty eater, appropriately chose the Dagwood club ($9.25), a double-decker sandwich with ham, turkey, bacon, swiss cheese, lettuce, tomato, roasted red peppers, onion, cilantro mayo and mustard on toasted rye bread. He reported being heartily satisfied.
The Red Onion Eatery's Dagwood club is a double-decker sandwich with ham, turkey, bacon, swiss cheese, lettuce, tomato, roasted red peppers, onion, cilantro mayo and mustard on toasted rye bread. (Photo: MARIBETH RENNE/SPECIAL TO TREASURE COAST NEWSPAPERS)
His wife’s sandwich, the chicken cordon bleu ($7.75), was a delicious choice. She ate half that evening and took the other half home for lunch the next day. It was a tasty concoction of seasoned chicken, ham, honey mustard, mayo and melted Swiss cheese on a toasted Kaiser roll.
The name-sake sandwich, the red onion ($8.50), appealed to all of us and you’ll understand why.
Picture two slices of toasted sourdough bread stuffed generously with smoked turkey, crisp bacon, slices of Fuji apple, gouda cheese, caramelized onion and cream cheese. Need I say more?
But what sandwich has a more refreshing taste than an Italian sub?
The Red Onion's Italian sub had salami, ham, roasted red peppers, onion, lettuce, tomato, balsamic vinaigrette, and provolone cheese. (Photo: MARIBETH RENNE/SPECIAL TO TREASURE COAST NEWSPAPERS)
The Red Onion’s version is a good sub with salami, ham, roasted red peppers, onion, lettuce, tomato, balsamic vinaigrette and provolone cheese. I skipped the mayonnaise and enjoyed every bite for $9.50.
I wish I could say the same for the vegetarian split pea soup ($4). It was too thick to be truly enjoyable.
We shared homemade potato chips ($2.75) and seasoned French fries ($2.50), both good and plentiful.
Open daily from 8 a.m., the restaurant also serves breakfast sandwiches.
The Red Onion Eatery
Cuisine: American casual
Address: 3001 Ocean Drive, Vero Beach
Hours: 8 a.m. to 8 p.m. daily
Information: www.redonioneatery.com
Read or Share this story: https://www.tcpalm.com/story/entertainment/dining/2016/12/22/red-onion-eatery-has-outstanding-sandwiches-restaurant-review/95217830/
Nothing ordinary about the take-out food from Olivia's
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Tia Lee Festival honors 2 teens killed in crash
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Home » Better shelf life helps meat processors reduce waste
Better shelf life helps meat processors reduce waste
Photo: Inspire Brands, Inc.
By Donna Berry
CHICAGO — Up to 40% of food in the U.S. is never eaten, but at the same time, one in eight Americans struggles to put enough food on the table, according to the Natural Resources Defense Council, a New York-based international nonprofit working to make America’s food system more efficient and less wasteful. Meat and poultry processors can do their share through the use of shelf-life extending and food safety technologies.
Food loss refers to product that gets spent in the supply chain. This is at any point from farm to market, and may occur during handling, storage or distribution. Food waste refers to the discarding of food that is – or once was – safe and nutritious for human consumption. This includes meat and poultry that may be visually unappealing because of color loss, as well as product that gets discarded because it’s beyond the sell-by date, often interpreted as being spoiled product.
Fresh cut and wrapped meat and poultry spoils quickly, especially if shelf-life extending technologies are not incorporated. That’s because meat and poultry are nutrient-dense substrates with high-water activity, making them a target for microbial growth. Spoiled product must be discarded because it is organoleptically unacceptable, making spoilage one of the greatest forms of food waste.
Processors have a toolbox of ingredients to assist with reducing waste while ensuring product safety. There are ingredients that retard oxidation, thereby improving color and flavor. There are also various approaches to slowing the growth of spoilage microorganisms while also destroying pathogens. Of course, starting with quality raw meat and poultry and maintaining clean and well refrigerated manufacturing, storage and distribution environments is paramount.
It’s all about appearance when it comes to purchasing fresh meat and poultry. Thirty-four per cent of consumers sift through meat packages every time they shop, and 40% do so frequently, according to “The Power of Meat 2018” study from 210 Analytics L.L.C. in partnerhip with Cryovac. Product appearance is the No. 2 factor when selecting and buying meat and poultry. The No. 1 consideration is price.
“Only appearance – the consumer expression of perceived quality – comes close to the importance of price,” said Anne-Marie Roerink, principal at 210 Analytics. “No one wants the last package, just like no one wants product that doesn’t look optimal. It’s all about products that consumers know will last them two to three days post purchase, in case they don’t get around to eating it right away. You see the same exact behavior in packaged salads. The bag with the earlier sell-by date stays up front as consumers reach to the back to find that bag with the two or three extra days and extra green looking lettuce.”
When it comes to appearance, fresh beef should have a bright cherry-red color, while lamb is a darker cherry-red. Raw pork has a grayish-pink hue, while cured pork, such as ham and bacon, should be pink. Raw poultry can vary from a bluish white to yellow, with a hint of pink, with color closely associated with the bird’s diet.
The reddish-pinkish color associated with most product is formed when myoglobin in the meat is exposed to oxygen. This converts the myoglobin (blue) to oxymyoglobin (red). Think how enclosed veins are blue and exposed blood is red. Different species of meat have different concentrations of myoglobin in their blood, which is why there are varying intensities of red in meat.
Beef, for example, has about four times as much myoglobin as pork. With poultry, the white meat is virtually void of myoglobin while dark meat gets its name because of its myoglobin content.
There are many technologies to assist with slowing color loss. This includes modified atmosphere packaging, reducing exposure to in-store lighting and addition of ingredients that stabilize desirable color. There are conventional generally recognized as safe (GRAS) additives and clean-label options.
One way to stabilize color is to manage pH. In cured meats, a low pH is best while in fresh, non-cured meats, a higher pH is desired. Depending on the ingredient and usage level, pH adjustments may be accompanied with a change in flavor. Lowering pH may create an acidic bite while increasing pH can be bitter.
Specialty phosphates are the exception. Selection and application of the proper phosphate can provide a desired pH, which in turn, helps stabilize color. Phosphates are generally used at very low addition rates, no more than 0.5%.
When it comes to developing and preserving desirable cured pink color in bacon, ham and select sausages and deli-style meats, processors have historically relied on curing salts, a source of nitrates and nitrites. These chemicals keep meat red by bonding to the myoglobin and acting as a substitute for oxygen. They also are responsible for adding a zingy, tangy flavor to meat. Curing also breaks down and tenderizes tough protein fibers, resulting in a compact yet tender texture.
While these traditional color stabilizers are still widely used in the industry, many processors are turning to plant and spice ingredient systems with color stabilizing functions to meet consumer demand for clean, simple and natural ingredients.
Some ingredients are capable of contributing desirable cured color and flavor to uncured cooked meats. Celery juice, for example, is an inherent source of nitrates and nitrites. Some spice blends allow for cured color with very low residual nitrate and nitrite content.
Rosemary and green tea extracts are other examples. These two extracts positively impact the appearance, taste and quality of meat and poultry. Both contain phenolic compounds that function as antioxidants, preventing oxidative breakdown of meat pigments by being oxidized themselves.
The main difference between the two plant extracts is that green tea extract has a lower negative flavor contribution to the final product. Thus, using a lower level of rosemary extract in combination with green tea extract allows the manufacturer to increase the natural plant extract usage rate, often resulting in a blend that works better in the meat than using rosemary alone, according to a study conducted at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln.
Acerola cherry extract is also proving to be a highly effective ingredient in meat and poultry. Extracted from the namesake wild plant, acerola extract contributes the antioxidant vitamin C. Acerola extract, blended with rosemary and green tea, has been shown to delay both lipid and myoglobin oxidation.
Some fruit ingredients have also been shown to assist with color in fresh and cooked meat products. Plum concentrate, for example, provides an extra layer of protection for preserving or enhancing color. It does not stop oxidation, but will help improve appearance. In some processed meat applications, the rich deep brown color of dried plum can replace the need for caramel coloring.
Fatty acid oxidation
In addition to myoglobin oxidation, there’s also lipid oxidation to consider. Fatty acid breakdown is more prevalent in cooked meats, as heat initiates the breakdown of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) present in such products. These fats are highly susceptible to oxidation, which produces unwanted flavor changes in the final product.
For example, oxidation can produce what has become known as warmed-over flavor (WOF), which are odors and flavors described as stale, painty or rancid. WOF has long been recognized as one of the primary causes of quality deterioration in cooked, refrigerated and pre-cooked, frozen meat products.
The most common solution is the addition of antioxidants, which protect PUFA from oxidation by sacrificing themselves to the oxidation process. Artificial preservatives such as butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) function as antioxidants and have long been the standard to ensure an economically sensible shelf-life for fully cooked and packaged meat products.
These ingredients are still widely used, but many processors are exploring the growing number of more label-friendly options in the marketplace. This includes tocopherols, a class of vitamin E with powerful antioxidative properties. They have long been used as a natural shelf-life extender in many products and have application in raw meat. Many of the plant and spice extracts that retard myoglobin oxidation will also slow lipid oxidation.
Microbial deterioration
While red and pink color is an important visual cue to freshness, quality and deliciousness, other changes in appearance – namely spotty discoloration and slime production –may be associated with microbial spoilage by non-pathogenic bacteria. The tell-tale sign comes once the package is opened. Fresh meat and poultry should not smell, so any off notes are typically an indicator of spoilage. Pathogenic microbial growth, on the other hand, can often go undetected by the senses.
Salting is the original approach to reducing microbial growth in meat and poultry. Salt draws water out of microbial cells, effectively destroying them. Today salt remains a critical ingredient in extending the shelf life of meat, but is often used in conjunction with other ingredients. Salt may be injected into whole muscle via a brine solution or blended in as a dry ingredient in processed meats.
There are many other microbial-inhibiting additives – natural and traditional chemical – available for extending the shelf life of meat and poultry, while also ensuring its safety.
Organic acid salts are some of the most effective antimicrobial agents. They are basically organic acids, such as propionic acid, acetic acid and citric acid, buffered, also known as neutralized, with a conjugate base.
Fermentation technology allows for the development of optimized-performance ingredients containing organic acids, sugars and peptides. Through carefully controlled fermentation processes, depending on the microorganism and the substrate, varied fermentates are produced. These may control spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms.
Vinegar-based ingredients are often buffered to a pH similar to the application matrix in order to not impact color or taste. Some suppliers offer vinegar combined with other active ingredients for additional product quality benefits.
Rosemary and green tea extracts are also combined with buffered vinegar for a multi-prong approach to extending shelf life by addressing color retention and food safety with one ingredient. Often times when combined together, the ingredients work synergistically, allowing for a lower usage rate.
Another approach to inhibit pathogen growth is to introduce competing microorganisms into the system. Such good cultures have long been used to protect food by reducing the acidity of the food, which in turn inhibits bad bacteria from growing.
With a growing toolbox of ingredients to extend product shelf life, while also ensuring safety, meat and poultry processors are equipped to assist with reducing food waste.
Operations Meat & Poultry
New packaging tech helping extend shelf life for baked goods
Increasing shelf life in a commissary setting
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talkingtech
Home News Facebook's Messenger now has a Star Wars-themed dark mode
Facebook's Messenger now has a Star Wars-themed dark mode
Aabhas December 12, 2019 News,
Facebook announced on Thursday that it is bringing Star Wars-themed features to its Messenger app. The new "limited-edition" goodies include a chat theme, stickers, reactions, and AR effects. The company said it has partnered with Disney to promote the December 20 release of Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker.
from TechSpot
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Posted by Aabhas at December 12, 2019
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Fitbit Alta HR Review
The heart rate sensor is a welcome addition to the Alta, but it still isn't quite an award winner
Price: $150 List | $114 at Amazon
Pros: Small, comfortable, discreet
Cons: Screen isn’t responsive, finicky
Manufacturer: Fitbit
By David Wise and Austin Palmer ⋅ Aug 23, 2017
Fitness Impact - 30% 6
Health Impact - 25% 7
Ease of Use - 20% 7
Ergonomics - 15% 7
Display - 10% 7
RELATED: Best Fitness Trackers and Activity Monitors
As of March 2019, the Fitbit Alta HR is Discontinued
Updating the prior version, Fitbit added a heart rate sensor to this model of the Alta. However, while this is a welcome improvement, the performance of the Alta HR isn't quite enough to merit it an award. This fitness tracker might be a solid bet if you want an exceptionally discreet fitness tracker without sacrificing too many features, but we did find the finicky touchscreen to be exceptionally frustrating.
This Fitbit Alta HR scored in the upper half of the group, but still failed to distinguish itself as one of our top picks. It scored decently well across our range of rating metrics, but we found the bulk of the Fitbit line to be much more preferable to the Alta HR. This model is an alright option if you want an exceptionally discreet fitness tracker or if you want a piece of wearable tech that is substantially more petite than the competitors.
The Fitbit Alta HR.
To see which fitness tracker topped the rest, we bought the top models on the market and tested them side-by-side, conducting over 25 different tests to rate the performance of each wearable. These tests were divided up among five weighted rating metrics, the results of which are detailed below.
We found the Alta HR to be above average, not amazing, when it came to fitness impact.
Meriting the most weight out of all of our metrics, Fitness Impact accounts for 30% of the total score. We compared the accuracy of the step counter, the abilities of each model to track a cycling or cardio workout, what other activities each model could track, whether it not it kept track of stairs climbed, and how much of a community is available to compete and share your results. The Alta HR scored decently well, earning a 6 out of 10 for its above average showing.
This model was quite accurate in our step counting tests, only showing an average discrepancy of about 45 steps on a mile walk — or a variation of around 2.1%.
There was a little variation between the Alta HR's step count and the true one.
However, it's estimated distance was always spot on, measuring in our mile walk as exactly a mile. This model didn't do a great job when it came to tracking workouts or cycling, failing to show too much additional data besides calories burned and duration. This model should automatically start tracking an activity after 15 minutes, but we always found it to be about 7-9 minutes off from the true duration. As expected with its name, the Alta HR does monitor your heart rate throughout the activity.
This fitness tracker didn't have too many other trackable activities in its suite of abilities, being limited to elliptical and a generic "Sports" listing, in addition to walking, running, cycling, and a cardio workout. This model also does not track the flights of stairs climbed throughout the day.
However, this product does give you access to the Fitbit online ecosystem and community. This was by far our favorite out of all the brands we tested, allowing you to compete with your friends and compare fitness stats, as well as participate in non-competitive challenges for that little extra motivation to get up and be active.
The Alta HR can help you establish habits leading to a healthier lifestyle.
Health Impact
Moving on to our next rating metric, we compared the abilities of each product to aid you in building healthier habits. This set of tests made up 25% of the total score for each tracker, consisting of comparing the heart rate monitoring and sleep tracking skills of each tracker, as well as its ability to help in dieting and getting a healthier lifestyle, as well as if there is an alarm clock. The Fitbit Alta HR again did quite well, earning a 7 out of 10 for its above average showing.
Building on its predecessor, the Alta HR now includes an optical heart rate sensor. Unfortunately, this new addition didn't prove to be particularly accurate in our tests, doing a slightly sub standard job. We compared with a chest band heart rate monitor as a control, finding the Alta HR to be an astonishing average of about 33 bpm during activity. However, it was substantially more accurate at reading a resting heart rate, only varying from the chest strap by a few bpm.
The most noticeable addition to this model is the optical heart rate sensor.
Like other Fitbit models, you can enter food information in the app to help you maintain your diet, as well as calculating an estimate of the calories you've burned throughout the day.
This model also reminds you to get up and move every hour if you haven't taken at least 250 steps in that time. It also has automatic sleep tracking and a vibration alarm clock. The sleep tracking seemed reasonably accurate, lining up decently well with our recollections of the night.
The Alta HR has a claimed battery life of 7 days.
Ranking next in importance, our Ease of Use rating metric comprises 20% of the total score. We assessed the battery life of each model, how difficult it was to use the companion app and navigating menus on the device, how long it took to sync with your mobile device, as well as the water resistance and ease of putting on each device. The Alta HR did do decently well in this metric, again earning a 7 out of 10 for its solid performance.
The Alta HR did have a longer battery life than its predecessor, claimed to last up to 7 days before requiring a recharge. This model utilizes a proprietary charger that clips to the back of the watch.
The Alta HR uses a dedicated charger.
This model syncs a day's worth of data to your phone relatively quickly — usually less than 10 seconds. It utilizes the same app as the other Fitbit models, which is one of our favorites. The app is easy to use and exceptionally intuitive, while still being loaded with features and functions.
This model definitely wasn't one of our favorites when it came to navigating the menus, with the touchscreen still being somewhat finicky and unresponsive, like the Fitbit Alta. Unfortunately, this model isn't swimming or shower proof, though it is sweat and rain proof. It's also quite easy to put on, with a watch style band that has some nice stiffness to it.
The watch-style claps makes this model substantially easier to put on compared to the original Alta.
Next in terms of weight is our Ergonomics metric, meriting 15% of the total score. We compared how comfortable each product is, its profile, and its overall aesthetics. The Alta HR again scored reasonably well, earning a 7 out of 10.
This product is quite comfortable, aided by its small size. This discreet little tracker makes it easier to forget that you are wearing one, but it is still noticeable, unlike the minuscule clip-on models. We did like the overall look of this model, with its sleek and stylish design in a handful of attractive colors. It also maintains a low profile on your wrist, preventing it from catching on too many things.
Finally, the Display metric takes credit for the remaining 10% of the total score. We looked at how much information is displayed on the home screen, its visibility, and responsiveness, as well as what notifications are displayed. The Alta HR — unsurprisingly at this point — scored a 7 out of 10 for its good display, though it had a few quirks we weren't the fondest of.
This tracker displays the day, date and time on the home screen, but does not show the month. This 0.87"x0.98" screen does a decent job at being readable in dim lighting conditions, but it very hard to read in bright outdoor conditions.
The touchscreen is acceptably responsive when you get the hang of it, but can be exceptionally aggravating to use before you become accustomed to it. The Alta HR can show text, call, and calendar events, as well as the steps, distance, calories, and active minutes in further displays.
This model is a decent value, but is outperformed by our top model, the Fitbit Charge 2, which has an identical list price.
The Alta HR is a great choice if you are searching for the most minimalistic and discreet fitness tracker possible AND need it to have a heart rate sensor. Other than that, there are plenty of other models that would probably serve you better.
— David Wise and Austin Palmer
*You help support TechGearLab's product testing and reviews by purchasing from our retail partners.
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General Election 2017: 'Give me strong Brexit mandate to match Emmanuel Macron', says Theresa May
Theresa May addressed Tory MP candidates at an event in Harrow on Monday Credit: Stefan Rousseau/PA
8 May 2017 • 4:45pm
English local council election
General Election 2017: Everything you need to know on Monday
Emmanuel Macron wins French presidency
Mrs May: Give me a strong mandate like Macron
Mrs May admits Calais border controls up for discussion with Macron
Labour unveil plans for junk food advert ban
Ukip pledge 'one in, one out' migration system
Jeremy Corbyn joins John McDonnell in praising Karl Marx
Theresa May has urged voters to deliver her a landslide General Election victory to put her on an equal footing with Emmanuel Macron, the newly-elected French president, during Brexit talks.
The Prime Minister said Mr Macron had been elected with a “strong mandate” which will enable him to strike a tough position during the UK’s divorce talks with the European Union.
Mrs May said she wanted to secure an “equally strong mandate” to make sure the talks are a fair fight.
Addressing Tory MP candidates in Harrow, she said: “Yesterday a new French president was elected.
"He was elected with a strong mandate which he can take as a strong position in the negotiations.
“The UK, we need to ensure we have got an equally strong mandate and an equally strong negotiating position.
“Every vote for me and my team will strengthen my hand in those Brexit negotiations.
“The alternative is to risk making Jeremy Corbyn prime minister and just imagine, try and picture him sitting at that negotiating table with the collective might of the European Commission and 27 other European countries against him.”
Meanwhile, it was suggested to Mrs May during a question and answer session with the press after her speech that Mr Macron’s election could be bad for Britain because he previously said he wants to renegotiate the Le Touquet border agreement and to lure British bankers to France.
Mrs May said: "He has been elected with a very strong mandate. We must make sure that in the UK we also have a strong mandate to take a strong position into our negotiating table.
"As for the Le Touquet agreement, actually it works for the benefit of both the UK and France and obviously in the government that's elected after June 8 we will be sitting down and talking to Mr Macron and others about how that system has worked both to the benefit of France as well as to the benefit of the UK."
Mrs May also warned would-be Tory MPs that they will have to work “flat out” to secure victory for the Conservatives on June 8.
UK General Election 2017 polling
She told her candidates they can take nothing for granted despite the Tories’ strong performance in last week’s local elections.
She said: “We must take nothing for granted, leave no stone unturned, no door un-knocked on.
"It is only by working flat out, every day, from now to 8 June that we can gain the trust of the British people and earn their support on polling day."
Elsewhere, Labour unveiled plans to ban adverts for junk food and sweets from hit TV shows like The X Factor and Britain's Got Talent as part of a bid to tackle childhood obesity.
The party wants to set up a £250 million-a-year fighting fund aimed at making UK youngsters the healthiest in the world.
Meanwhile, Mr Corbyn has described Karl Marx as a “great economist” as the Labour leader leapt to the defence of John McDonnell after the shadow chancellor said there is "a lot to learn" from Das Kapital.
Finally, Paul Nuttall has admitted his long-term future, as well his party's prospects, is under threat if Mrs May makes a success of Brexit.
He also set out Ukip's plans for a "one in, one out" immigration system.
Philip May - the Prime Minister's husband in 60 seconds
Philip May, the Prime Minister's husband, will give his first ever broadcast interview during the election campaign when the couple appear on The One Show on BBC One on Tuesday evening.
New poll puts Tories six points ahead of Labour in Wales
The poll, conducted by YouGov for ITV-Cymru Wales and Cardiff University, put the Conservatives on 41 per cent and Labour on 35 per cent - an increase of one per cent for the Tories and five per cent for Labour since the previous poll.
If the poll was replicated on June 8 it would give the Conservatives 20 seats (plus nine), Labour with 16 (down nine), Plaid Cymru with three seats (no change) and the Liberal Democrats with one seat (no change).
Tim Farron: Lib Dems would bring back post-study work visas
Tim Farron, centre, campaigning in Scotland on Monday Credit: PA/Yui Mok
The visas were scrapped by Theresa May when she was Home Secretary.
The Lib Dems would bring the visas back for graduates in science, technology, engineering and maths who find suitable employment within six months of completing their studies.
Speaking on a campaign visit to Scotland, Mr Farron said the move would be included in the party's manifesto.
He said: "It is ludicrous that we take in international students, train them, and then as soon as they are skilled and ready to work, the Conservatives boot them out of the country."
Ken Loach: It is 'desperately important' that Jeremy Corbyn remains Labour leader
Jeremy Corbyn addresses supporters outside Leamington Spa Town Hall Credit: Matt Cardy/Getty Images Europe
The film-maker said Mr Corbyn has the "big ideas" that Labour needs to take on board as he said Mr Corbyn should remain as leader.
After a Mr Corbyn stump speech in Worcester, Mr Loach told the Press Association: "We're just taking a few shots for Jeremy's campaign because I think it's desperately important that he's elected, not only elected but stays leader of the Labour Party.
"I think what he stands for, like on the health service, the private contractors out, taking transport back into public ownership, building council houses for people and investment in jobs across the neglected areas - these are the big ideas."
Liberal Democrats react to Jeremy Corbyn's comments on Karl Marx
Tom Brake, Lib Dem MP candidate, said: “Jeremy Corbyn deserves full Marx for this latest gaffe.
“Corbyn and McDonnell seem to be competing to see who can make Labour more unelectable.
“At this rate, the Labour manifesto will be laced with quotes from Das Kapital."
Jeremy Corbyn attacks Theresa May over Tory campaign strategy
Very loud cheers and applause for Mr Corbyn at this event in Leamington Spa. Large crowd.
Mr Corbyn takes a not-too-subtle shot at Mrs May and the Tory election campaign strategy which has seen the Prime Minister put front and centre on the Conservative branding.
He says: "We have got one month to get a message out there that this isn't a presidential election. This is a parliamentary election."
Wenger Out sign at Jeremy Corbyn rally in Leamington Spa. On his support of Arsenal, JC says: "you have to stick to your beliefs" pic.twitter.com/xTFbsXXVQp
— Arj Singh (@singharj) May 8, 2017
Jeremy Corbyn: Top priority as PM would be to end homelessness
Jeremy Corbyn addresses campaigners and members of the public outside the Town Hall in Leamington spa Credit: Oli Scarff/AFP
Moving on to tackling inequality, Mr Corbyn says "it's getting worse and worse".
He says: "Fundamentally this election is about the kind of world and the kind of society that we want to live in."
The Labour leader now talking about housing. He says his first priority if elected prime minister would be to start a "programme straight away to build the housing we need in this country, to end homelessness in this country".
Jeremy Corbyn setting out Labour's health policies to activists in Leamington Spa
Mr Corbyn says: "One quarter of us in our life will face a mental health crisis.
"We need to have a service there that can support us."
He says Labour's plan to ban junk food adverts during hit programmes is necessary to make children healthier.
He says Labour is pursuing the policy "not because we are killjoys but the very opposite".
Liberal Democrats react to Theresa May's comments on Le Touquet
Tom Brake, the Liberal Democrat's shadow foreign secretary, said: “Theresa May has adopted Ukip's rhetoric, and now she is adopting their incompetence too.
“The Conservatives have repeatedly claimed that Brexit will have no impact on border agreements with France, but now the Prime Minister has admitted that they are up for negotiation.
"Changes to Le Touquet will mean an upheaval for people travelling across the Channel, risk making our country less secure, and are yet another consequences of the Conservative approach to Brexit."
Jamie Oliver backs Labour plan to ban junk food adverts on hit TV shows
Banning junk food ads before 9pm to kids is right @JonAshworth - can’t wait to see what @Conservatives will do! https://t.co/vwPqqqV83q pic.twitter.com/ai9DhQy3jy
— Jamie Oliver (@jamieoliver) May 8, 2017
Tories respond to Jeremy Corbyn's praise for Karl Marx
Jeremy Corbyn, the Labour leader, on a visit to University of Worcester Nursing School Credit: Ben Birchall/PA
James Cleverly, the Conservative candidate for Braintree, said: “First John McDonnell said there’s a ‘lot to learn’ from Karl Marx, now Jeremy Corbyn calls him a ‘great economist’ who is shaping Labour policy.
“It’s clear these two Marx brothers are determined to unleash their hero’s dangerous ideas on Britain - sending taxes soaring and destroying jobs."
New poll gives Tories 22 point lead over Labour
Jeremy Corbyn on a visit to Worcester Credit: Darren Staples /Reuters
An ICM poll for The Guardian puts the Conservatives on 49 per cent and Labour on 27 per cent - a 22 point lead.
ICM describe the poll as “remarkable and historic” with the 22 point figure an “outright record” for any ICM poll.
The poll puts the Liberal Democrats on nine per cent, Ukip on six per cent, the SNP on four per cent and the Green Party on three per cent.
Paul Nuttall will 'probably at some point' live in seat he is trying to win
Paul Nuttall Credit: Victoria Jones/PA
The Ukip leader is standing to be MP of Boston and Skegness in Lincolnshire and he told reporters on Monday that he does intend to live in the constituency.
He said: "Firstly, I haven't bought a house in Boston and Skegness but nor did I buy a house in Stoke - just so you know that, we rented it.
"Will I be staying in the constituency? Probably at some point, yes."
Nicola Sturgeon visits a brewery in Perth
Nicola Sturgeon during a visit to the Inveralmond Brewery in Perth Credit: David Cheskin/PA
Carwyn Jones: Labour can achieve great things when united
Carwyn Jones pictured alongside Jeremy Corbyn Credit: AFP/Geoff Caddick
The party's Welsh leader has unveiled five General Election pledges for Wales in Cardiff on Monday including for a £10-an-hour living wage, extra money for the NHS and schools, more police and affordable homes are promised.
Mr Jones said the party's campaign in Wales will be about "unity".
He said: "Because this isn't just about leadership, it is about unity. We in Welsh Labour - councillors, MPs and AMs - we are united, and we are working together for Wales.
"What this party can achieve, in campaigns, and more importantly, in Government, knows no bounds, when we stand together, united."
Iain Duncan Smith warns Emmanuel Macron over Brexit
Speaking to Julia Hartley-Brewer on Talk Radio, Mr Duncan Smith said: "If you want to put French workers out of work, who rely on exports to the UK, the quickest thing you can to do is to make this situation a drama.
"If, however, you want French workers to do well... you will want to come to some kind of deal to allow them access to our markets."
Jeremy Corbyn defends John McDonnell over Das Kapital comments
Jeremy Corbyn during his visit to Worcester Credit: Ben Birchall/PA
One day after John McDonnell, the shadow chancellor, said there is “a lot to learn” from Kark Marx's Das Kapital, and the Labour leader has weighed in.
Mr Corbyn defended Mr McDonnell, saying "all great economists influence all of our thinking", before citing highly influential free market thinkers David Ricardo and Adam Smith.
Asked on a visit to Worcester if he was influenced by the ideas of Karl Marx, Mr Corbyn said: "All great economists influence all of our thinking.
"Yes, I have read some of Adam Smith, I have read some of Karl Marx, I have looked at the words of Ricardo, I have looked at many, many others.
"I don't consider myself the world's greatest intellectual but you learn from everybody, don't close your mind to the thoughts of others - that way, we're all better informed."
Yorkshire Party poised to 'sweep some seats up' at General Election
Stewart Arnold, the party’s leader, told the BBC’s Daily Politics programme: “Basically we feel we are losing out. We are losing out on the devolution discussion that is going on at the moment.
“When we first started the discussions centred around Scotland and Wales and their parliaments and assemblies and of course time has moved on.
“Last Thursday we had elections for metro mayors in Manchester, Liverpool and various other parts of the country and all this time Yorkshire has been left behind.”
Why does the @Yorkshire_Party stand for and what does it hope to achieve in #GE2017
Here's leader Stewart Arnold with @Jo_Coburn #bbcdp pic.twitter.com/4q4KGyZk8f
— DailySunday Politics (@daily_politics) May 8, 2017
Mr Andrew said his party expects a “breakthrough” on June 8 as it looks to take advantage of Ukip and Labour’s position in the polls.
He said: “We are in a position to really begin to sweep some seats up”.
Tories react to Labour's free hospital car parking pledge
A Conservative spokesman said: “This promise isn’t worth the paper it’s written on because Jeremy Corbyn simply wouldn’t be able to deliver it.
"With Corbyn in charge of our Brexit negotiations, the economy and our NHS would be at grave risk. There would be less money to spend in hospitals, not more.”
Senior Liberal Democrats suggest party's supporters should back Labour candidates in certain seats
Vince Cable, left, and Sarah Olney, middle, have been recorded expressing their support for a Labour MP candidate Credit: Jonathan Brady/PA
Tim Farron has said the Liberal Democrats will not do any election deal with Labour.
But recordings of senior Lib Dems Vince Cable and Sarah Olney suggest they might not be on the same page as their leader.
According to Sky News, Sarah Olney said she wants Labour’s Rupa Huq to win in Ealing Central and Acton, and said: “Being tactical isn’t just about standing down or voting for the right candidates, it also can be about paper candidates, but not campaigning.”
Meanwhile, Mr Cable, who has just been confirmed as the party’s shadow chancellor, was recorded saying that he shared a car journey with Ms Huq and “it was very clear that on almost every issue our views were almost identical”.
He said: “And so I would find it difficult to vote against somebody like that, and I hope that our people around the country are discriminating and think and act in a constructive way.”
BREAK: @VinceCable @SarahJOlney1 recorded urging members to collaborate with Labour and ignore @LibDems "paper candidates" to beat Tories. pic.twitter.com/XRbv3ZKgPC
— Darren McCaffrey (@DMcCaffreySKY) May 8, 2017
Cable says discussed '1 or 2' cases, where Lib Dem activists wont push hard against Labour at Progressive Alliance meeting last week
— Laura Kuenssberg (@bbclaurak) May 8, 2017
Theresa May confirms Tory manifesto will include cap on energy prices
Theresa May addresses activists in Harrow on Monday morning Credit: Stefan Rousseau/PA
The Prime Minister said: "We must also make sure that we point out the nonsensical policies that Jeremy Corbyn and the Labour Party are putting forward.
"They simply don't add up. Because they would wreck the economy and render all their policies totally undeliverable.
"By contest we are putting together credit and deliverable policies.
"Policies that are in the national interest - policies like protecting workers' pensions against irresponsible bosses, like capping energy prices to support working families, bringing in new mental health laws to end injustice.
"Those are positive messages that you will be taking out on the streets over the next few weeks."
Theresa May and Jeremy Corbyn to take part in BBC Question Time Special on June 2
Jeremy Corbyn will face a BBC audience on June 2 Credit: Hannah McKay/Reuters
The Prime Minister and the Labour leader will take part in the programme, hosted by David Dimbleby, with each facing audience questions consecutively.
Meanwhile, Tim Farron and Nicola Sturgeon will take part in a similar event on June 4.
The BBC will broadcast Election Questions events with Leanne Wood, the Plaid Cymru leader, and Paul Nuttall, the Ukip leader, also on June 4.
There will also be a Newsbeat Youth debate on June 6 which will feature leading politicians from all the major parties.
Green Party: Tory commitment to migration pledge has 'split up families and encouraged hostility'
Theresa May has again said she wants to achieve "sustainable levels" of migration which she believes is in the tens of thousands.
The Green Party has condemned the Prime Minister's position with Jonathan Bartley, the party's co-leader, saying: "The Tories have repeatedly failed to reach this target since it was first in their manifesto in 2010 but in the process have split up families and encouraged hostility towards migrants.
“It’s time the Conservative Party stopped trying to pin the blame for unemployment, the housing shortage and NHS overcrowding on migrants and acknowledged the abject failure of its own policies, cuts and severe under-investment.”
Labour promise free car parking at all NHS hospitals
Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn is given a book about the University of Worcester by Vice Chancellor Professor David Green (left), during a tour of the university's Nursing School in Worcester Credit: Ben Birchall/PA
Jeremy Corbyn has pledged to scrap hospital parking charges and cover the lost revenue with an 8 per cent hike in insurance premium tax to 20 per cent for private health insurance products.
The party estimates the tax rise will be enough to cover the £162 million that English hospitals raise annually from car parking charges.
It comes after shadow chancellor John McDonnell defended Labour's plans to put up taxes for those earning more than £80,000, while saying there was "a lot to learn" from Karl Marx's Das Kapital.
Announcing Labour's free-parking plan while visiting nursing students in Tory-held Worcester, Mr Corbyn said: "Labour will end hospital parking charges, which place an unfair and unnecessary burden on families, patients and NHS staff.
"Hospital parking charges are a tax on serious illnesses."
Theresa May: We will sit down with Emmanuel Macron to discuss Le Touquet agreement
Theresa May addressed Tory MP candidates at an event in Harrow on Monday Credit: Stefan Rousseau /PA
It is suggested to Mrs May that Mr Macron's election is bad for Britain and Brexit because he wants to renegotiate the Le Touquet border agreement and to lure British bankers to France.
She says: "He has been elected with a very strong mandate. We must make sure that in the UK we also have a strong mandate to take a strong position into our negotiating table.
Theresa May commits to delivering 'sustainable levels' of migration to UK
Theresa May addressed Tory MP candidates at an event in Harrow on Monday Credit: Chris Ratcliffe/Bloomberg
Mrs May is now taking questions from the press. The first one is on whether the Tories will commit to the pledge to reduce migration to the tens of thousands.
The Prime Minister says leaving the EU will allow the UK to end free movement as it has operated in the past.
She is committed to delivering "sustainable levels" of migration.
"We believe that is the tens of thousands," she says.
Theresa May: We must earn the support of the British people
Mrs May again says the Tories must not take anything for granted as she urges Tories to work "flat out" in the run up to June 8.
She says campaigners must take the party's "credible and deliverable" policies "out on the streets" and that the Conservatives must "earn the support of the British people".
Theresa May urges voters to give her "equally strong mandate" as Emmanuel Macron
Theresa May Credit: Reuters
Mrs May urges the Tories to put success at the local elections out of their minds and to concentrate on the "vitally important general election campaign".
She tells them "we cannot take a single thing for granted".
She raises the election of Emmanuel Macron in France as she says he was elected with a "strong mandate".
She says she needs an "equally strong mandate" for Brexit negotiations.
Theresa May set to address Tory MP candidates and party activists at event in Harrow
"Theresa May's Team" is at an Asian community centre in Harrow waiting for the PM to speak pic.twitter.com/NyxNELQhiN
— Sam Lister (@sam_lister_) May 8, 2017
Lib Dems announce 'return of the big beasts' as Tim Farron confirms election top team
Vince Cable Credit: Daniel Leal-Olivas/AFP
Former ministers including Jo Swinson, Vince Cable and Ed Davey are all returning to the party's frontbench.
Mr Farron, the Lib Dem leader, said: "I am delighted to announce my General Election campaign team, which brings together a wealth of experience and includes several former Liberal Democrat ministers."
Notable names and shadow appointments include:
Chancellor: Vince Cable
Foreign Affairs: Tom Brake
Europe, International Trade: Nick Clegg
Health: Norman Lamb
Education: Sarah Olney
First Secretary of State: Alistair Carmichael
Election Campaign Spokesperson: Ed Davey
Election Campaign Spokesperson: Jo Swinson
Karen Danczuk displeased at not being selected Labour candidate in Rochdale
R'dale girl✔️
15 years political experience✔️
Single parent✔️
Lives in R'dale✔️
Former R'dale Cllr✔️
& not even shortlisted @UKLabour 👎🏻👎🏻KD
— Karen Danczuk (@KarenDanczuk) May 8, 2017
New Liverpool mayor Steve Rotheram confirms he will not contest General Election, urges Labour not to impose a candidate
My statement on resigning as MP for Walton which I've had the privilege of representing for the past seven years in Parliament. pic.twitter.com/3C1cqHtP2z
— Steve Rotheram (@Steve4LCRmayor) May 7, 2017
Paul Nuttall: Ukip will stand candidates in the "vast majority" of seats in UK
Paul Nuttall at a Ukip policy launch in London on Monday Credit: Victoria Jones /PA
Mr Nuttall predicts Ukip will "gradually climb once again" in the polls as he says the party's General Election manifesto will be both "radical" and "ahead of its time".
He also says Ukip will stand candidates in the "vast majority of the country".
Paul Nuttall says "we will be standing in the vast majority of the country".
— Harry Cole (@MrHarryCole) May 8, 2017
Paul Nuttall says he is willing to "put country before party" to get the best Brexit deal - that could see the end of @UKIP
— Christopher Hope 📝 (@christopherhope) May 8, 2017
Jonathan Ashworth: Labour will not enter into progressive alliances with other parties
Shadow health secretary Jonathan Ashworth has ruled out making any such alliance, citing the former coalition government as a cautionary tale against doing "backroom deals".
Asked why Labour would not make an alliance, he told the BBC: "Because we are a national party and we have a responsibility to give every part of England, Scotland and Wales the opportunity to vote for a Labour candidate.
"I've been involved in lots of elections and, in my experience, politicians who try and do these backroom deals never ever come out of it well."
Paul Nuttall: 'No chance' Theresa May delivers Brexit deal people voted for
Paul Nuttall adjusts his tie after speaking at a Ukip policy launch in London on Monday Credit: Daniel Leal-Olivas/AFP
The Ukip leader says Mrs May and the Conservatives have had the power to tackle non-EU migration for "many, many years" but have failed to do so.
He is asked about Nigel Farage's suggestion that Ukip could cease to exist in two years if Mrs May delivers the Brexit people voted for on June 23 last year.
Mr Nuttall questions the Prime Minister's ability to deliver an acceptable Brexit deal.
He says: "It isn't going to happen. There is no chance that will happen whatsoever."
Paul Nuttall accuses me of being "facetious" for quoting Nigel Farage's comments to @Peston yesterday. pic.twitter.com/ZzS4ppbv9g
UKIP's @paulnuttallukip says "there's no chance" that Theresa May will deliver UKIP-style Brexit, with back-sliding on immigration pic.twitter.com/OhTGSzgiDf
— Paul Brand (@PaulBrandITV) May 8, 2017
Tim Farron: Major employers need to do more to monitor ethnic diversity
Tim Farron Credit: Yui Mok/PA
The leader of the Liberal Democrats is in Scotland today launching his General Election battle bus tour and he has said the Equality Act's requirement for collecting data on the level of female employment and the gender pay gap should be extended to ethnic minorities.
This would require companies with more than 250 staff to monitor and publish details of employment and wage differentials focusing on gender, ethnic minority status, and LGBT levels.
Mr Farron said: "It is shocking that in 21st century Britain inequality that comes down to race still persists.
"Sunlight is always the best disinfectant and by bringing these gaps out into the open we can start to address the issue and speed up progress to create a more equal and fair workplace."
Paul Nuttall unveils Ukip pledge to deliver 'balanced migration'
Speaking at a campaign event in London, the Ukip leader attacks the Government's record on immigration as he says his party will be the only one on June 8 with a firm pledge to reduce net migration.
He says current levels are "clearly unsustainable and this is clearly unfair particularly to inner city communities".
He says Ukip's plans for a so-called "one in, one out" system would cut net migration to zero over the next five years.
Mr Nuttall says he wants to see "balanced migration".
Paul Nuttall speaking at a policy launch event in London on Monday Credit: Victoria Jones /PA
Caroline Lucas calls on left-wing parties to form progressive alliances to fight Tories
Caroline Lucas Credit: Andrew Matthews/PA
The co-leader of the Green Party said such parties should pursue "grown-up politics" by forming progressive alliances and that there is "a huge amount of enthusiasm and energy" for deals between parties such as the Greens, Liberal Democrats and Labour.
Ms Lucas urged Jeremy Corbyn to "get around a table with us" to make such alliances possible.
She told the BBC Radio 4's Today programme: "We've still got a few more days where we could build on these alliances, which it isn't just the Green Party asking for them, it is people up and down the country begging parties of the left and the centre-left to get together to do grown up politics and to be able to put in place a group of people who have a better chance of serving the interests of the people rather than allowing a massive Tory landslide, which is what we are on course to see."
Theresa May 'considering Tory manifesto pledge to cap social care costs'
Theresa May Credit: Jack Taylor/PA
A cap on social care costs could be included in the Conservative General Election manifesto in a major boost for pensioners, according to reports.
Mrs May is reportedly considering plans to impose a costs limit of £85,000 to stop people having to sell their homes to fund their care.
The cap would represent the maximum amount anyone would have to contribute to the cost of their care, regardless of the value of their assets and savings.
Tim Farron stumbles on battle bus as he campaigns in Scotland
Iain Duncan Smith 'raps like Eminem' to mock Diane Abbott
Emmanuel Macron's chief economic adviser: No interest in punishing UK over Brexit
Emmanuel Macron Credit: Christophe Morin/Bloomberg
Jean Pisani-Ferry, chief economic adviser to the new French president, said Mr Macron will not want to “punish” the UK during Brexit talks.
He told BBC Radio 4’s Today programme: “Punish? Certainly not. But he believes that even today Europe is part of the solution to the problems we are facing so he is a very committed pro-European and he is not the kind of man who would implicitly agree with the sort of dismantling of the EU.
“He is very keen on building more integration and he is very keen on, especially in the Eurozone, on strengthening the Eurozone, he is very keen on defence cooperation.
“For this reason he is both criticising the EU as it is and he will be a tough and demanding partner.”
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Foreign student numbers to be cut under new visa regime
Foreign students could be blocked from some educational institutions and courses as part of a plan to reduce immigration.
Foreign student visa Photo: HEATHCLIFFE O"MALLEY
By Tom Whitehead, Home Affairs Editor
7:00AM BST 06 Sep 2010
Ministers want to cut the number of overseas students entering Britain by tens of thousands.
More than 362,000 were allowed to study here in the year to June, an increase of 35 per cent on the previous year.
Figures show that one in five foreign students is still in Britain five years after arrival, leading to concerns that student visas are being exploited as an easy migration route.
Home Office research shows half the foreign students who arrive each year are not studying degrees, but a range of lesser qualifications such as A-levels and even GCSEs.
Damian Green, the Immigration Minister, will today outline plans as part of an overhaul of migration policy.
Government 'overwhelmed' by visa demand
Earned citizenship scheme faces axe
Top schools forced to consider passport checks amid immigration rule chaos
Despite ruling out a cap on total foreign student numbers, Mr Green is expected to say the system will be tightened. Options could include limiting visas to those studying degree courses or to certain institutions.
Tens of thousands of foreign students have entered "lower tier" colleges, where it is easier to gain places.
Mr Green said it was "transparently clear" that the immigration system did not work. He said: "I want a student visa system which encourages the entry of good students to highly trusted institutions, but which scrutinises much more closely or cuts out entirely those who are less beneficial to this country."
Mr Green said that every other immigration route, including giving visas to foreign wives or husbands, must be reviewed and tightened.
David Cameron has promised to bring net migration, the balance between those leaving and those arriving, down to the "tens of thousands".
Figures last week showed it rose by a fifth last year to 196,000. The main driver was a sharp increase in the number of foreign students, to more than 360,000.
Research for the Home Office shows that in 2004, around 186,000 students were granted visas and 21 per cent of them were still here in 2009, meaning they had been able to switch to other routes such as work permits or marriage, paving the way for them to settle here permanently.
And that is only those known to immigration officials. Tens of thousands more may have simply overstayed their visa and disappeared.
Earlier this year, it was estimated that more than one in 10 foreign students was arriving in Britain through bogus or suspect colleges.
Tom Whitehead »
Law and Order »
In Immigration
Riot police in battle with Calais migrants
Immigrants are main force in 10m rise in Britain's population
New VIP visa service for wealthy foreigners
Why hire foreigners? They just work harder
UK's Roma population much higher than previously thought
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SACHIA VICKERY
B.Krejcikova 36 06 18 Jan
K.Zavatska 46 75 46 17 Jan
G.Ce 06 16 16 Jan
A.Raina 10 Jan
J.Ponchet 63 64 9 Jan
J.Cristian 16 75 75 8 Jan
Z.Diyas 36 26 4 Jan
X.You 61 16 16 3 Jan
A.Komardina 36 16 2 Jan
S.Ma 36 06 1 Jan
Sachia Vickery started playing tennis aged six. Her father was a pro soccer player, her mother ran track in high school, her brother plays football at South Carolina State (defensive back). A close friend of Vicky Duval, she likes reading and playing with her dogs.
She made her professional debut at $10k ITF tournament in Eansville (l. Lumpkin in the semifinals) and her major debut as a wildcard in 2013 US Open, reaching the second-round where she fell to Glushko.
Her run to the quarter-finals at 2014 Stanford marked her WTA breakthrough (d. Puig in the second-round, l. Lepchenko).
In 2015, she reached the quarter-finals in Nottingham and claimed two $25k ITF titles in Plantation (d. Crawford) and Sunrise (d. Tormo). She finished 2016 ranked No.139 (down from No.130 in 2015) after reaching another WTA quarterfinal in Bogotà. That year she completed the set of Grand Slam main draw appearances by qualifying for Roland Garros (l. Sevastova in the opening round) after she fell in the first-round at 2014 Australian Open (as wildcard, l. Davis), 2015 Wimbledon (as qualifier, l. Makarova) and at US Open in 2015 (as wild-card, L. Rogers).
She finished 2017 at No.116 for career-best year-end finish. Season highlights were reaching QF at Québec City (l. Maria) and came back to the second round at US Open (as qualifier, l. Kenin), her joint best result at a Slam. She also won her most recent title on ITF Circuit in 2017 at $60k tournament in Templeton.
ARTICLE ABOUT SACHIA VICKERY
WTA Spotlight: Top 100 debutants - Sachia Vickery
Sachia Vickery smashes Miami Open on Twitter - Here is why
It's Sachia Vickery's time to shine - starting at Indian Wells
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Speaking Engagements
Wind of Change: A Photo at the beginning and edge of Capitol Hill
A co-presentation with historian Rob Ketcherside at the Capitol Hill Historical Society 3rd Annual Holiday Party for which we used a variety of sources in order to identify each of the structures captured within a rare, 1902 photo from which tales of water scarcity, wandering cows, high society, and political graft emerged.
Date: December 14, 2019 Attendance: 15
Millionaire's Row Walking Tour
Located on 14th Avenue East from East Prospect to East Roy, Millionaire's Row was once the private and exclusive residence district for developer James Moore, the founder of Seattle's Capitol Hill, and many of Seattle's leading businessmen. This tour, organized in partnership with some of the row's current residents, offered an unprecedented look at these homes including in depth histories and descriptions of each of the row's 24 houses in addition to an inside look at two of the row's houses and the historical background leading to the row's creation.
Date: December 1, 2019 Attendance: 50
1101 E Pike Street Landmark Nomination
A short summary co-presented with architectural historian Marvin Anderson that introduced the Pike/Pine Urban Neighborhood Council to some of our findings on the history of a former automobile dealership building constructed in 1916. This presentation included a physical description, a brief history of use overtime, and histories of the original owner, architect, and first occupant.
Date: November 18, 2019 Attendance: 20
History and Horror: Tragedies and Creepy Coincidences in Capitol Hill History
Description: At a meeting and luncheon for the Rainier Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution I presented a series of some of the more harrowing tales I've come across over the years involving death, betrayal, deception, and recalcitrance in addition to accounts of my own strange experiences in the pursuit of history and preservation.
Date: October 8, 2019 Attendance: 45
History of the Flemington Apartments
A full history and tour of the Flemington Apartments located at 906 E John St, Seattle, WA. This presentation included histories of building's construction, original owner, architect, and its most significant commercial occupants.
Date: September 29, 2019 Attendance: 19
Seattle Prohibition Book Talk (Capitol Hill edition)
A co-presentation with Seattle historian and collector Brad Holden author of Seattle Prohibition: Bootleggers, Rumrunners and Graft in the Queen City. Our presentation focused on the Prohibition Era history of Seattle’s Capitol Hill with photos and stories about our city’s most notorious moonshiners and bootleggers and those trying to enforce the law.
Date: July 8, 2019 Attendance: 45
Rentals To Radiators: Auto Row's Oldest Building from 1899 to Today
A co-presentation with historian Rob Ketcherside at the Capitol Hill Historical Society 2nd Annual Holiday Party. This presentation covered the history of a small rental home (since demolished) at 953 E Union Street that was expanded and converted to commercial use in 1919 as a radiator repair shop.
The Story Behind Seattle's Smallest Property
An on-site television interview about a small triangular piece of property located at the intersection of 12th Avenue, East Union Street, and East Madison Street whose creation was a result of regrading and street widening in the early 20th century.
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long goodbye
Safaricom’s CEO Collymore stays, as parent Vodafone restructures holding
By Morris Kiruga, in Nairobi
Posted on Monday, 27 May 2019 08:27
Chief Executive of Kenyan's telecom operator Safaricom, Robert Collymore speaks to the media after an investor briefing on the company's full-year results at their headquarters in Nairobi, Kenya, May 11, 2016. REUTERS/Thomas Mukoya/File Photo
Bob Collymore will stay on as Safaricom Chief Executive for another year, with his contract now set to expire in August 2020.
This latest extension gives him time to complete several things, including finding new revenue streams for the Kenyan telecoms giant.
Collymore’s tenure was set to end this August, and the search for his successor has already pitted the two largest shareholders – Vodacom and the Kenya Government – against each other.
“I had like nine months off last year and so I think we all just agreed that I owe the company another year,” Collymore told Reuters.
He said that he will also use the time to diversify revenue streams as “voice is flat, it is headed to its decline, data (showed) disappointing growth last year.”
He also announced that Safaricom is working on a joint venture with Vodacom Group to acquire the MPESA brand from Vodafone. The deal, when finalized, will cost the two companies $13.4 million.
According to Collymore, acquiring the rights to MPESA will allow the partners to expand the platform’s footprint in Africa and develop more local products.
“We are watching Ethiopia closely because as we see the liberalization of the markets, both the mobile payments market, the telecoms market and the banking sector, we think there could be opportunities,” Collymore said.
Speaking to The Africa Report in February, Collymore had said a successor should be, “Someone who understands the financial sector a lot more, if we are to occupy the fintech space, and someone who is not going to be scared of going into other markets.”
Vodacom Group also announced the acquisition when releasing its latest financial results two weeks ago.
The South African company acquired a 35% stake in Safaricom in May 2017, after a share swap with their common parent company, Vodafone.
In the deal, Vodafone transferred part of its indirect shareholding to Vodacom, retaining a 5% stake in Safaricom. It increased its shareholding in Vodacom from 65.0 percent to 69.7 percent.
Subsequent restructuring in South Africa reduced Vodafone’s shareholding to approximately 60.5 percent.
The extensive restructuring is part of Vodafone’s efforts to make Vodacom Group its exclusive investment vehicle in Sub-Saharan Africa. A previous deal, signed in 2008, had excluded the Kenyan and Ghanaian markets where Vodafone already had subsidiaries.
Acquiring the rights to the brand will help both companies retain the revenue shares they currently pay Vodafone, and also open up new revenue streams. Safaricom currently pays 2 percent of its annual M-PESA revenue to Vodafone, while Vodacom pays 5 percent.
Vodacom’s financial statements for the year ended 31st March 2019 showed that Safaricom contributed R.2.8 billion net profit. Vodacom Group now has 110 million customers, with 22 million of them in Safaricom, for its financial services across the group.
“In South Africa, our profit before tax from Financial Services doubled to R1.0 billion, while M-Pesa revenue grew by 32.2% to R3.1 billion in our International operations and now makes up one-sixth (15.8%) of that portfolio’s entire service revenues” the company said in its statements.
In previous reports about the plan to enter the Ethiopian market, Safaricom would have provided back-end support and the technology, while Vodafone would license the MPESA brand to a bank, with Ethio Telecom carrying the service.
Bottom line: A joint venture by Safaricom and Vodacom gives them more wiggle room to make such decisions, as well as a greater share of future revenues.
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Home > node > Les Rencontres d'Arles 2016
Les Rencontres d'Arles 2016 | reviews, news & interviews
Les Rencontres d'Arles 2016
Our man in France guides us through the highlights of the world-famous photo festival
by Bill KnightFriday, 08 July 2016
French prisoners of war in the Königsbrück camp c. 1915, courtesy of Collection Sebastien Lifshitz © Rencontre d'Arles
Nous avons Brexité but we are still welcome at the 47th Rencontres d'Arles. Each summer this beautiful French town gives itself over to an international photography festival which this year features around 40 exhibitions of varying sizes with countless lectures, parties, book signings and fringe events.
A photo fair is a collection of images for sale and Arles is not that at all. It is a well-organised series of exhibitions, some around a theme, others showing the work of particular photographers, but all presenting a body of work and showing us what photography can do better than other art forms.The repetition of images on a theme, or the repetition of a photographer's point of view takes us beneath the skin and teaches us new ways of seeing.
Western Stories, an exhibition of French westerns in the Camargue, does not contain any wonderful images but together the photographs hint at the influence in France of optimistic American culture. The sly inclusion of Sarkozy and Putin on horseback shows both the enduring macho appeal of the cowboy image and the naivety of politicians. Sarkozy, by the way, sits atop his horse like a sack of potatoes.
Sid Grossman takes us to the streets of Manhattan in the middle of the 20th century and Don McCullin to the north of England in the Sixties. These photographers were not snipers firing from the rooftops but instead they engaged with their subjects, who in turn engage with us to bring the images leaping alive out of the frame. Garry Winogrand's New York street images are also here – here the photographer is less involved, at least on the face of it. There are striking scenes on the streets right now, but do we have the eyes to see them?
There are many delights. McCullin's dramatic landscapes, which seem to have been shot mainly on a trip to Mordor, Japanese ritual (pictured above right) and African pop, journeys up the Amazon, virtual reality, a century of cross-dressing (main picture), old battlefields, the construction of the Statue of Liberty, Nollywood, 9/11, disappearing activists – photography brings the world to Arles. Standouts for me were Nader Adem's images of disabled people in Addis Ababa – the professional skill of the photography a respectful tribute to their difficult lives – and the wonderful installation by William Kentridge More sweetly play the dance, an exhilarating danse macabre mixing parade and migration with life and death in a moving panorama.
I hope we remain welcome in Arles post–Brexit. My wife was refused a concession on the ticket price because she is not French. "It's payback time", said the woman at the desk. But she said it with a smile.
Les Rencontres de la photographie d'Arles until 25 September
Read more visual arts reviews on theartsdesk
Click on the thumbnails below to enlarge
Don McCullin, Early Morning, West Hartlepool, County Durham, 1963
Sid Grossman, Coney Island, 1947
Claude Schwartz, Johnny on the set of the film 'D'où viens-tu Johnny', 1963
Malick Sidibé, Look at me!, 1962
Garry Winogrand, New York, 1970
Yan Morvan, Siege of Sarajevo, 5 April 1992-25 February 1996. Ski station, Bosnia-Herzegovina, 2014
Albert Fernique, La Statue de la liberté de Bartholdi en construction, 1884
Christian Marclay, Lids and Straws (One Minute), 2016. Single-channel projected animation, silent
Alexandre Guirkinger, Detail of a 1974 infrared bird’s-eye view of the Maginot line. IGN photograph collection, re-photographed in 2016
Barbara Breitenfellner, WVZ 286, 2015
There are striking scenes on the streets right now, but do we have the eyes to see them?
The Best of Photo London 2016
Art Night London
Whitstable Biennale 2016
theartsdesk at Les Rencontres d'Arles: breadth and depth at the veteran photo festival
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more Visual arts
Best of 2019: Visual Arts The exhibitions we loved most over the past 12 months
Caravaggio & Bernini, Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna - high emotion in 17th century Rome Painting and sculpture vie for supremacy in the eternal city
Dora Maar, Tate Modern review - how women disappear Stunning photographs and fabulous photomontages by overlooked and elusive artist
Eco-Visionaries, Royal Academy review - wakey, wakey! Big issues raised, but not answered
Charlotte Salomon: Life? or Theatre?, Jewish Museum London review - rallying against death Set aside time to absorb the stunning work of this modernist painter murdered at Auschwitz
Tutankhamun: Treasures of the Golden Pharaoh, Saatchi Gallery review - worth its weight? Blockbuster artefacts in show that cares more about visitor numbers than visitor experience
The Best Exhibitions in London The capital's best exhibitions now
George Stubbs: 'all done from Nature', MK Gallery review - a glorious menagerie Go see the animals
Lucian Freud: The Self-Portraits, Royal Academy review - mesmerising intensity Beady eyes that try to read the soul as well as the body
Bridget Riley, Hayward Gallery review - the thrill of seeing A comprehensive celebration of the artist's 70-year career
Hogarth: Place and Progress, Sir John Soane’s Museum review - state of the nation Magnificent show of Hogarth's despair at his fellow citizens and a divided England
Pre-Raphaelite Sisters, National Portrait Gallery review – a fascinating glimpse behind the scenes Spotlight on the women and their role in the Brotherhood
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Helford hotel proves to be Tripadvisor favourite
Budock Vean Hotel near Falmouth wins Tripadvisor award
The Budock Vean Hotel has been awarded its ninth Tripadvisor Certificate of Excellence
Budock Vean Hotel has announced that it has received a Tripadvisor Certificate of Excellence.
This is the ninth year running Budock Vean Hotel has achieved the accolade, which celebrates businesses that are consistently excellent based on their Tripadvisor reviews.
Certificate of Excellence recipients include restaurants, accommodations and attractions located all over the world that have continually delivered a quality customer experience.
“Winning the Certificate of Excellence for the 9th year in a row is a real source of pride for our entire Budock Vean team, and underlines how consistently we deliver the highest standards of service” says owner Martin Barlow – one of three generations of the Barlow family involved in the hotel.
“We’d like to thank all our guests who have taken the time to complete a review on Tripadvisor as there is no greater seal of approval than being recognised by our customers. These accolades are a remarkable vote of confidence to our business and our continued commitment to excellence.”
“Tripadvisor is excited to announce the recipients of the 2019 Certificate of Excellence, which for nearly a decade has celebrated businesses that have consistently received positive ratings from travellers and diners on the world’s largest travel platform,” said Neela Pal, Vice President of Brand, Tripadvisor.
“This recognition allows us to publicly recognise businesses that are actively taking into account customer feedback to help travellers confidently experience the most highly reviewed places to eat, stay and explore.”
The award accounts for the quality, quantity and recency of reviews submitted by travellers on the site over a 12-month period.
To qualify, a business must maintain an overall Tripadvisor bubble rating of at least four out of five, have a minimum number of reviews and must have been listed on Tripadvisor for at least 12 months.
Charges set to rise in council car parks
National Maritime Museum announces 2020 programme
Writing award with £6,000 prize open to submissions
Mawnan WI members plan to "craft bomb" the village
Police Taser could have played "more than trivial" role in man's death, says doctor
Man's search for answers after near-death experience in Falmouth sea
Falmouth lifeboat launched after reports of girl in sea
Badgers and bike trails on agenda for first full council of 2020
17 new jobs as Falmouth-based firm announces £1.8m investment
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Change city Majorca (en)
Time Out Majorca
Worldwide icon-chevron-right Europe icon-chevron-right Spain icon-chevron-right Majorca icon-chevron-right The 13 best things to do in Majorca
The 13 best things to do in Majorca
Whether you want to laze in a vineyard or climb a mountain, there are a ton of things to do in Majorca to delight you
By Mary-Ann Gallagher | Posted: Wednesday July 25 2018
Long gone are the days when this island was all about booze-fuelled hedonism on the cheap: there is a diverse roster of things to do in Majorca now, and they will all tickle your senses. You can hike across the dramatic peaks of the Tramuntana mountains, laze among the vineyards, browse through markets or pick out one of the 300-plus beaches and coves to call your own.
Palma is perhaps Spain’s most engaging provincial capital, its historic streets full of inviting little boutiques and cafés, along with some seriously stylish restaurants and clubs. It’s foodie heaven, too, and the islanders are justly proud of their superb local produce, whipped up into delectable dishes at Majorca’s many award-winning restaurants.
Regardless of what you're itching for, our list of superb things to do in Majorca is sure to deliver.
Done something on this list and loved it? Share it with the hashtag #TimeOutDoList and tag @TimeOutEverywhere.
Find out more about how Time Out selects the very best things to do all over the world.
Best things to do in Majorca
Deià
What is it? Probably the most enchanting village on all Majorca, Deià is a winsome little tumble of honey-coloured stone cottages on a hilltop overlooking the rugged coast. Writer Robert Graves lived here, and now it’s become a hideaway for the rich and famous.
Why go? Visit the delightful home of Graves, then meander through the narrow streets, dotted with chic boutiques and galleries. Linger over drinks on one of the charming squares, before hitting the beach at Cala Deià.
Check Website
Ruta de Pedra en Sec/Dry Stone Route (GR221)
What is it? Majorca is an outstanding hiking destination, and the Tramuntana mountain range is full of superb trails. This 170km route, which highlights the traditional craft of dry-stone walls, is among the best.
Why go? This hiking trail incorporates ancient footpaths that criss-cross the magnificent Tramuntana mountains, and wind through shady forest, along steep cliffs and Mediterranean scrub. Most sections are easy and well-marked, making it ideal for everyone.
Miró Majorca Foundation
What is it? Joan Miró’s home and workshop for more than 30 years is now an outstanding cultural foundation, which offers a unique insight into the artist’s life and work. It occupies a trio of stunning buildings set in gardens, with panoramic views over the whole coast.
Why go? Miró’s original studio, a light-drenched Modernist construction by Josep Lluís Sert, was later complemented by a second studio in an eighteenth-century farmhouse, its walls now covered in charcoal sketches. There are exhibitions and workshops, and afterwards you can stroll through the gardens, dotted with Miró’s colourful sculptures.
Santa Catalina neighbourhood (Palma de Majorca)
What is it? Palma’s Santa Catalina neighbourhood is full of brightly painted fishermen’s houses, their balconies overflowing with flowers. It’s centred on a fabulous produce market, and is chock-a-block with boho-chic cafés, bars and interior design stores.
Why go? Go for a gander at the colourful stalls in the market, maybe stop for a snack at a counter bar (we love Can Frau), before taking a stroll around the neighbourhood. You could go for an exotic fusion lunch at upmarket Nuru, then hit the shops (check out the Bconnected concept store).
What is it? Majorca boasts more than 300 beaches, but Es Trenc is universally agreed to be its most beautiful. A gorgeous stretch of powdery white sand, backed by dunes and blessed with crystal-clear waters, much of it is a nature reserve, so it remains blissfully unspoilt.
Why go? Es Trenc may be wild and undeveloped, but it’s still a hugely popular destination and in summer it gets crammed. Some sections hire out sunbeds, SUP boards or the equipment for other water sports, while the quieter sections are nudist. Just don’t forget water and a picnic, as there’s only one bar.
Photograph: Shutterstock
Drive along the Cap de Formentor
What is it? A panoramic road zig-zags dizzily along this stunning headland at the north-western tip of Majorca. There are a series of viewing points (miradors) where you gaze out over the plunging cliffs, before you reach a lighthouse (and a bar where you can steady your nerves) right at the end.
Why go: This drive is not for the faint-hearted, but the scenery – cliffs, emerald forest, turquoise coves – is truly breathtaking. On the way back, you can stop at the elegant 1920s Hotel Formentor for a drink or to laze on the gorgeous (if busy) beach.
Puro Beach Club
What is it? Majorca has got more beach clubs now than you can shake a cocktail umbrella at, but this one is the oldest and still the best. The location, on a tiny peninsula, means you get fabulous views, which you can enjoy whilst lounging on a pure white lounger.
Why go? This beach club has a restaurant, cocktail bar, DJ sessions, and a massage service, but it’s best for an evening cocktail – this really is one of the best places to enjoy the sunset on the island. Glamorous but totally chilled, it’s the perfect way to finish your day.
Wine-tasting in Binissalem
What is it? The charming, country town of Binissalem is the epicentre of one of the island’s main wine-producing areas (and has its own D.O., or denominació d’origen), and there are several wineries that you can visit for tastings and purchases.
Why go? Take a wander around the diminutive little town to soak up its sleepy atmosphere, before heading off for some tastings at the local bodegas. Some of the best include ANA Vins, Bodegas José L. Ferrer, Bodegas Oliver, Celler Tiana Negre and Vins Nadal. Bodegas Biniagual occupies a beautifully restored hamlet nearby.
Vintage train from Palma to Sóller
What is it? A beautifully restored century-old train trundles from Palma to the country town of Sóller. This is a captivating little town, with lots of shady squares to linger on, but you could also extend your trip and take the vintage tram through orange groves to Port de Sóller.
Why go? Slow, rickety and oozing with old-fashioned romance, this dinky train clanks its way across hills and forests to reach the pretty little market town of Sóller. You can potter around Sóller (Café Paris is a good option for lunch), or hop on the vintage tram to Port de Sóller on the coast.
Arty Artà
What is it? Artà is one of the oldest towns on Majorca – with the Bronze Age ruins of Ses Païsses to prove it. Piled up charmingly on a hill, it’s full of arty little cafés and shops, and the views from the hilltop Sanctuary of Sant Salvador are glorious.
Why go? You can get a snapshot of different stages of Majorcan history in Artà, which has everything from ancient ruins to a sixteenth-century sanctuary. Come on a Tuesday for the market, then browse through the craft shops, linger over lunch, and make the climb to the hilltop sanctuary in the early evening for spellbinding views.
Alfabia Gardens
What is it? Originally part of a thirteenth-century estate, these wonderfully romantic gardens are scented with jasmine and orange blossom in spring. In summer, you can escape the heat in shady bowers, as fountains tinkle softly.
Why go? The perfect retreat from the searing sun, these enchanting gardens are full of leafy glades and shady corners where you can listen to the birdsong and the soft trickle of water in the pools and fountains. There’s a little café serving delicious homemade lemonade.
Bens d’Avall
What is it? You’ll be spoilt for choice when it comes to gourmet dining in Majorca, but this enchanting restaurant has the edge over others thanks to its combination of exquisite contemporary Majorcan cuisine and a peerless setting overlooking the island’s rugged northern coast.
Why go? Celebs flock to this stunning restaurant, perched high in the Tramuntana mountains. Dine on a series of exquisite little dishes, prepared with the freshest local produce, as you soak up the glorious views over the craggy coastline.
What is it? The tapeo – a route from tapas bar to tapas bar – is a beloved institution in Palma, and there’s nowhere better to kick off the night than this chic, laidback spot. A stylish fusion of rustic furnishings and contemporary art, it serves gourmet tapas with an Asian twist.
Why go? Better book early if you want a spot at this hugely popular tapas bar. You can tuck into delectable morsels such as octopus carpaccio or Black Angus entrecote with truffles and aubergine, then finish up with one of their outstanding cocktails.
Love the mag? Our newsletter hand-delivers its best bits to your inbox. Sign up to receive it, and unlock our digital magazines.
Time Out Majorca Site map
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MATCH REPORTS - JANUARY
Saturday 18th January 2020 Tooting & Mitcham 6 FC Romania 0
It was a game of two halves at the Campus Society Stadium this afternoon as Tooting returned to winning ways in front of a home crowd in some style, as they took on FC Romania
Centre back Ahkeem Belford opened the scoring for the Terrors in the 6th minute. It came from a Jamarie Brissett corner out on the right which was floated in to the edge of the six yard box. Antonio Simeone was first to make a challenge but as the ball dropped free, Belford was the first to react, with his back partially towards goal, he acrobatically hooked it left footed from about seven yards out, keeping it down towards the ground and into the goal. The second goal for Tooting came on 20 minutes and was an own goal scored by Lawrence Nzurubu who could only fire the ball into the roof of his own net with his left foot as he attempted to clear a ball played in from the right, a couple of yards out from his own goal line. On the half hour mark it was 3-0 as Jamarie Brissett was set free down the right hand side courtesy of a spectacular overhead pass/clearance from George Ademiluyi. Once Brissett was in the clear and closing in in goal, given the accuracy of his finishing in recent weeks there was only ever going to be one outcome as he drove the ball past ‘keeper Adrian Darabant. Three minutes later, Tooting scored their fourth, this time with Jamarie Brissett as the provider, floating in a free kick from the right which was met by a late run and powerful header from Ahkeem Belford, scoring his second of the game. On 42 minutes, four became five as a long raking pass from George Ademiluyi over the top of the Wolves’ backline found Connor French. The Tooting striker held off his defender before running clear and comfortably slotting the ball past Darabant from just inside the box. And there was still more to come before the break. Deep into first half stoppage time, a good run and cross from Razzaq Coleman down the left, found Danny Bassett about 15 yards out from goal. The Terrors leading scorer turned and struck the ball in one move, firing home a left footed shot, right into the bottom corner of the net. HT: TMUFC 6 FC Romania 0
If Terrors’ fans thought they were in for a further deluge of goals in the second half, then they were to be disappointed. Although the visitors gave it their all, Tooting pretty much dominated proceedings once again however they were unable to add to their tally, never reaching the same level of intensity that they’d generated in the opening forty five minutes, spurning two or three good goal scoring opportunities as their finishing became sloppy and complacent. However nothing could take away from the first half performance which ensured that the Terrors took all three points, going up one place to fourth in the league. FT: TMUFC 6, FC Romania 0 Att 275
TMUFC line up; James Shaw, Dean Hamlin, Ahkeem Belford, Antonio Simeone, George Ademiluyi, Razzaq Coleman, Daryl Coleman (Kyrique Garvey-Williams 46) Dominic Morgan-Griffiths, Jamarie Brissett (Ainsley Everett 74), Connor French (Alex Filipe 84) Danny Bassett, Unused suns; Ermis Mezini, Morgan Campbell
Saturday 11th January 2020 Tooting and Mitcham 1 Uxbridge 2
It was a disappointing performance from the Terrors at the Campus Society Stadium this afternoon, as they slumped to their second consecutive home defeat, after conceding in the opening five minutes for the third home game in succession.
The damage was done today as early as the 3rd minute. Tooting had started brightly however a defensive mix up following Uxbridge’s first foray forward saw Callum Bunting put the visitors ahead. Tooting fought back well though and as is often the case began to look dangerous attacking Uxbridge down both flanks, with Danny Bassett and Jamarie Brissett looking the most dangerous. Tooting had to wait until the 29th minute though before they deservedly got themselves back into the game. It came following a powerful run from Connor French into the left hand side of the Uxbridge penalty area. His endeavour deserved more however it seemed to have come to nothing as the visitors appeared to have successfully cleared the danger however the ball fell to Danny Bassett who was lurking on the edge of the penalty area. As the ball came to him, the Tooting striker lashed an unstoppable right footed shot that flew past a forest of defenders, beating ‘keeper Paul McCarthy at his near post, before burying itself in the back of the net to put the Terrors on level terms. HT: TMUFC 1, Uxbridge 1
A tactical change at the interval saw George Ademiluyi replace wing back Razzaq Coleman as the Terrors reverted to a more traditional 4-4-2 set up for the second period. Despite plenty of possession and continued pressure down the flanks from Bassett and Brissett, and Connor French through the middle, Tooting were unable to create any decisive scoring opportunities. The killer blow came on 71 minutes as the Terrors were caught on the break. Attacking quickly down the Tooting left, Mark Bitmead closed in on goal before slotting the ball past James Shaw, to ensure that all three points today went back to West London. FT: TMUFC 1, Uxbridge 2 Att 256
TMUFC line up; James Shaw, Dean Hamlin, Sol Patterson-bohner, Ahkeem Belford, Jamarie Brissett, Razzaq Coleman (George Ademiluyi 46), Daryl Coleman, Kyrique Garvey-Williams (David Castanho 72), Dominic Morgan-Griffiths, Connor French (Ainsley Everett 76), Danny Bassett, Unused subs; Junior Timite, Pedro Moco
Tuesday 7th January 2020 Chalfont St Peter 1 Tooting and Mitcham 4
Tooting kept the pressure up on the four teams currently sitting above them with a comfortable away victory last night at Chalfont St Peter.
The Terrors dominated the opening period right from the off and it took just 7 minutes for them to break the deadlock. Having won a corner out on the left, the ball was floated in to the edge of the six yard box by Didi Castanho. The initial problems for Chalfont were caused by Antonio Simeone who got his head to the ball but was unable to direct it into goal. However as the ball dropped to the ground inside the six yard box, in the scramble that ensued, it was Connor French who got to the ball first, forcing it over the line for his first goal since returning to the stripes. The lead was then doubled 14 minutes later, with what along with Razzaq Coleman’s early season effort, must rank as a prime contender for goal of the season. It came from a Danny Bassett break down the left wing. As he neared the penalty area he pulled back a deep ball right across the penalty area in the direction of Dominic Morgan-Griffiths who was waiting just a couple of yards outside the 18 yard box. The ball from Bassett dropped just in front of the Tooting midfielder but he kept his eye on it as it bounced up high, allowing him to control it on his chest and strike it first time on the volley as it dropped, sending a late dipping shot, over the ‘keeper and into the roof of the net. There was a third for Tooting deep in first half stoppage time as a powerful run into the penalty area from Connor French saw his effort saved by the ‘keeper, only for Danny Bassett to strike home the rebound from close range. The only downside in the first half was a nasty looking gash to the head of Hady Ghandour about five minutes before the break. Although the Tooting youngster was patched up and saw out the opening period, he was withdrawn at half time so that he could be taken to hospital for further treatment. HT: Chalfont St Peter 0, TMUFC 3I
If Tooting expected their hosts to roll over in the second half then they were in for a surprise as the Chalfont youngsters put in a spirited second forty five minutes, and for the most part, had as much of the game as Tooting. They finally ran out of steam though when Tooting scored their fourth with just 9 minutes of the game remaining. The goal stemmed from a long, raking, diagonal ball from Antonio Simeone from deep inside his own half. It found Jamarie Brissett out wide on the right. As the ball dropped right on his feet, the young Tooting wing back took the ball first time in his stride, beat the full back as he ran diagonally towards goal before poking the ball past the advancing ‘keeper to put the game out of reach. There was a consolation goal for Chalfont St Peter in the third minute of added time. It came from a bizarre attempted back pass from Danny Bassett who much to everyone’s surprise, tried to lob the ball back to ‘keeper James Shaw from just inside his own half. Unfortunately the ball only made the edge of the penalty area where it was intercepted by Dan Williams who had no problem in sticking it in the back of the Terrors’ net. FT: Chalfont St Peter 1, TMUFC 4 Att 83
TMUFC line up; James Shaw, George Ademiluyi, Ahkeem Belford, Dean Hamlin, Antonio Simeone, Daryl Coleman (Kyrique Garvey-Williams 63), Dominic Morgan-Griffiths, David Castanho, Hady Ghandour (Jamarie Brissett 46), Connor French (Razzaq Coleman 69), Danny Bassett, Unused subs; Sol Patterson-Bohner, Junior Timite
Saturday 4th January 2020 Northwood 0 Tooting and Mitcham 1
Tooting returned to winning ways at Northwood this afternoon however they left it late as they once again struggled to break down the opposition defence, despite dominating for most of the game and particularly in the first half.
With a starting eleven that showed four changes (including all three strikers) to the side that slumped at home to Chipstead last weekend, Tooting got off to a much more positive start with Razzaq Coleman once again causing problems down the left flank whilst Jamarie Brissett did similar down the right. A slight change in formation with an additional player in the centre of midfield allowed Dominic Morgan-Griffiths to take on a much freer, attacking role and unsurprisingly, he was frequently causing difficulties for the Wood’s defence through the middle, whilst the sheer strength of Connor French and his ability to hold up and shield the ball, gave the Northwood defence problems of a different sort to worry about. Despite the first half dominance though Tooting were unable to make the breakthrough and efforts on goal were restricted to a couple of strikes from outside the box, both of which were high and failed to trouble Chris Rackley in the Northwood goal. HT: Northwood 0, TMUFC 0
The second half wasn’t quite so one side in terms of possession as Northwood began to apply some pressure to the Terrors’ goal. However the backline held strong and kept the home team at bay despite the fact that they were now coming more into the game. An early second half substitution saw Hady Ghandour replace Connor French for the final 35 minutes and just five minutes later, Danny Bassett entered the game, replacing Junior Timite. When Didi Castanho then replaced Dominic Morgan-Griffiths for the final quarter of an hour, the Terrors reverted to the formation that had worked so well for them for most of the season and they began to turn the pressure up once again. Their cause was helped when Northwood were reduced to ten men 11 minutes from the end following a heavy tackle from full back Bradley Kauzeni on Danny Bassett. Tooting’s perseverance finally paid off in the 87th minute with a move involving the two substitute strikers as Danny Bassett put Hady Ghandour in the clear and as he closed in on goal and shot from the edge of the box, whilst ‘keeper Chris Rackley appeared to get two hands to the ball, the young striker’s effort was too powerful for him to keep out. FT: Northwood 0, TMUFC 1 Att 165
TMUFC lineup; James Shaw Dean Hamlin, Sol Patterson-bohner Ahkeem Belford, Jamarie Brissett, Razzaq Coleman, Daryl Coleman, Kyrique Garvey-Williams, Dominic Morgan Griffiths (David Castanho 71), Connor French (Hady Ghandour 54), Junior Timite (Danny Bassett 60), Unused subs; George Ademiluyi, Antonio Simeone
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Presentation Design and the Art of Visual Storytelling
Micah Bowers
Micah helps businesses craft meaningful engagement through branding, illustration, and design.
Read the Spanish version of this article translated by Yesica Danderfer
Presentations Must Tell a Story
We’ve all been there, dutifully enduring a dull presentation at work or an event. The slides are packed with text, and the presenter feels obligated to read every single word. There are enough charts, graphs, and equations to fill a trigonometry book, and each screen is awash in the brightest colors imaginable.
As the presentation drags on, the lists get longer. “We do this, this, this, this, this, and oh yeah, this!” Unfortunately, everyone in the audience just wants it to be over.
This is a major opportunity missed for a business, and we designers may be part of the problem. No, it’s not our fault if a presenter is unprepared or uninspiring, but if we approach our clients’ presentations as nothing more than fancy lists, we’ve failed.
See, presentations are stories, not lists, and stories have a structure. They build towards an impact moment and unleash a wave of momentum that changes people’s perceptions and preconceived notions. Good stories aren’t boring and neither are good presentations.
But before we go any further, it’s important to ask why presentations exist in the first place. What’s their purpose? Why are they useful?
Presentations exist to…
Presentations impart new and sometimes life-changing knowledge to an audience.
Most presentations provide a practical method for using the knowledge that is shared.
If executed correctly, presentations are able to captivate an audience’s imagination and lead them to consider the worth of what they’re learning.
Well-crafted presentations have the power to arouse feelings that can influence an audience’s behavior.
Presentations ready people to move, to act on their feelings and internal analysis.
Ultimately, presentations make an appeal to an audience’s logic, emotions, or both in an attempt to convince the audience to act on the opportunity shared by the presenter.
With this kind of power, designers can’t afford to view presentations as “just another deck.” We shouldn’t use the same formulaic templates or fail to educate our clients about the importance of high-quality image assets.
Instead, we need to see presentation design as an opportunity to craft a compelling narrative that earns big wins for our clients.
Need more convincing? Let’s take a quick look at how a few big brands merge storytelling with world-class presentation design.
Salesforce – Write the Narrative First
Visual Storytelling by Salesforce
The overarching emphasis of any presentation is its narrative. Before any flashy visuals are added, the presentation designer works hand-in-hand with the client to establish the narrative and asks big questions like:
Who are we presenting to?
Why are we presenting to them?
How do we want them to respond?
The marketing team at Salesforce, the world’s leading customer relationship management platform, answers these questions by first writing presentations as rough essays with a beginning, middle, and end. As the essay is fleshed out, themes emerge and section titles are added.
From here, the presentation is broken into slides that present the most impactful topics and information the audience needs to know. Only a few select words and phrases will make it onto the screen, but the essay draft will be rich with insights for the presenter to further refine and share in their oral narrative.
Writing the narrative first prevents the chaos of slide shuffling that occurs when a presentation’s stories aren’t clearly mapped out. With no clear narrative in place, slides don’t transition smoothly, and the presentation’s momentum dissipates.
Deloitte – Establish Credibility
Deloitte - Achieving Digital Maturity
Within the first few moments of meeting someone new, we quickly assess whether or not we feel they’re trustworthy.
Presenters are typically afforded an initial level of trust by virtue of being deemed capable of talking in front of a large group of people. But if that trust isn’t solidified within the first minute of a presentation, it can vanish in an instant.
Deloitte is a global financial consultant for 80 percent of all Fortune 500 companies. Naturally, they understand the need to quickly establish credibility. The slide used in the example above is number five in a thirty-slide deck. Right from the outset, Deloitte establishes their authority on the topic, in essence saying, “We’ve been at this awhile.”
Including a slide like this in a client’s deck can be a real confidence booster because it allows them to quickly secure expert status. Establishing credibility also helps an audience relax and engage with what they’re learning.
iControl – Define the Problem Visually
iControl - Replacing Paper at Construction Sites
It’s not always possible to express a complex problem or solution with a single visual, but when it happens, it can be a powerful experience for an audience.
iControl is a Swedish startup that built an iPad app designed to replace paper and create better documentation at construction sites. They aren’t a big brand, but their investor pitch deck powerfully identifies a huge audience problem with a single slide—too much paper wasted, too many documents to track. An image like this so clearly identifies the problem that it simultaneously intensifies the need for a solution.
Defining the problem visually is an awesome strategy, but use it with care because an image that’s confusing or overly specific to an industry can leave audience members feeling like outsiders.
Arrange a Compelling Narrative
“Storytelling” is everywhere these days. Social media platforms have cleverly packaged the promise that our every post, image, and interaction is part of an ongoing story, but most of what we call “stories” are loosely related moments strung together by the happenstance of time and technology.
So what’s the distinction between narrative and story? How do they relate, and how do they differ? And most importantly, how do they tie into a compelling presentation?
A story is bound by time. It has a beginning, a middle, and an end. It details events and orders them in a way that creates meaning. In a presentation, stories speak to specific accomplishments and inspire action—“We did this, and it was amazing!”
A narrative is not bound by time. It relates separate moments and events to a central theme but doesn’t seek resolution. In a presentation, the narrative encompasses the past, present, and future—“Where we’ve come from. Where we are. Where we’re headed.”
How does this information impact the presentation designer? Here’s a simple and practical example.
You have a client who makes amazing paper clips that always bend back to their intended shape no matter how much they’re twisted. They ask you to design a presentation that highlights the paper clips and their company vision to “forever change the world of office products.” How do you begin?
Photo by Jess Watters
Start with the Narrative
The narrative is the overarching emphasis of a presentation.
In this example, you would shape the presentation around your client’s company vision of forever changing the world of office products.
Advance the Narrative with Stories
Use succinct stories that highlight challenges, improvements, big wins, and daily life.
Perhaps the paper clip company’s research and development team faced several setbacks before a eureka moment made mass production cheaper than traditional paper clips.
Use stories like this as brush strokes on a canvas, each one contributing towards a more complete picture of the narrative.
Support Stories with Visuals
This is where the simple, yet stunning slides you design come into play.
In this case, you could show a simple graph that compares the production cost of traditional paper clips to your client’s innovative paper clips. And, to make sure you’re reinforcing the narrative, you could add a short title to the slide: “Game. Changed.”
Conflict Is the Engine of Memorable Presentations
In his bestselling book Story, Hollywood screenwriting guru Robert McKee writes, “Nothing moves forward in a story except through conflict.” This advice is extremely valuable for the presentation designer.
Photo by Aleks Dahlberg
An overly optimistic presentation packed with positive information simply crashes over an audience and sweeps away their enthusiasm. Each rosy insight is less impactful than the one prior. Before long, all the audience hears is, “Good, better, best. We’re just like all the rest.”
An effective presentation designer looks for ways to create internal conflict within an audience. This means they feel the weightiness of a problem and actively hope for the relief of a solution. The yin and yang of problem and solution is the presentation designer’s true north, the guiding principle of every piece of information included in a deck.
One tried and true way to ensure a healthy positive/negative balance, without overly dramatizing a presentation is withholding information.
For instance, in our example of the paperclip company, this could mean devoting an extra slide or two to the research and development process. These slides would hint at the soon-to-be-revealed production costs and build anticipation without providing actual numbers.
Then, when the cost comparison chart is finally shared, the audience is genuinely eager for the information it holds, and the payoff is far more rewarding and memorable.
Unlock the Power of Clear, Consistent, and Compelling Content
Content doesn’t exist apart from the narrative; it enhances it. Once the narrative is in tip-top shape, it’s time to make the content shine, but before we dive into slide design, let’s take a quick detour.
Imagine we’re reviewing an investor pitch deck and we take an elevator into the sky to observe the presentation from an aerial view. From this lofty position, the deck’s content should have a cohesive appearance that ties in with the brand, organization, or topic being presented.
If you’ve ever been hired to work on a company’s pitch deck design, you understand how challenging this can be.
Many times, clients already have some sort of skeleton deck in place before they hire a presentation designer. Sometimes, these decks are packed with a dizzying assortment of charts, graphs, fonts, and colors. Here, you have two unique responsibilities.
PA Consulting Group: Dynamic Planning for COIN in Afghanistan
First, you must help your client understand how the disunity of their content detracts from the narrative. Then, you must provide a way forward and present them with a practical vision for remaking things in a cohesive style.
Be warned that you may have to sell this idea, especially if your client thinks that their visual content is presentation ready and only in need of some “design magic” to make it look good.
If this happens, remember to be gracious, and acknowledge the role that their expertise played in generating such valuable information. Then, bring the conversation back to results. “This is a compelling topic. I want your audience to be in awe as you present, but for that to happen, I need to recreate the visuals.”
This is a tough chore, but as designers, we’re hired to improve the way our clients communicate—not fill their heads with false affirmations of poor content.
One helpful strategy for getting started with presentation design is to work from a template. Venngage is a great place to find customizable presentation templates that are professional and easy to work with. Just make sure that the template you choose has a look and feel that will resonate with your audience’s expectations.
Essential Slide Design Principles
Slide design is an important part of presentation design, and effective slides are rooted in visual simplicity. But the strange thing about simplicity is that it stems from a thorough grasp of complexity. If we know something well, we can explain it to someone who does not in just a few words or images.
In this section, we’ll look at hierarchy, typography, image selection, and color schemes, but know that these design elements are rooted in a proper understanding of a presentation’s narrative and content. If we start the design process with slides, we seriously risk equipping our clients with presentations that are unfocused and unimpactful.
Create Emphasis with Slide Hierarchy
Design hierarchy relates to the placement of visual elements in a way that creates emphasis. For the presentation designer, this means asking, “What two or three things do I want the audience to see on this slide?
Do create visual contrast through scale, color, and alignment.
Don’t try to visually highlight more than three ideas per slide.
Whenever a really important idea comes up, be brave and only use a few words in bold type to communicate it. This kind of simplicity signals to an audience that it’s time to intensify their focus and really listen to what the presenter has to say.
Overcome Ambiguity with Thoughtful Typography
SapientNitro - Humans Are Predictable
Most presentations are built on words, so it’s important to know which words to include and how to style them. This starts by choosing the right font, then knowing how big to make the words and where to include them.
Do ask if your client has any designated fonts listed in their brand style guide.
Don’t use more than two fonts in your presentation, and avoid text blocks and lengthy paragraphs like the plague.
Try not to use anything smaller in size than a 36 point font. Some designers believe it’s ok to use sizes as small as 24 point, but this often leads to packing slides with more text. Remember, slides are a speaking prompt, not promotional literature.
Communicate Authority Through Graphic Simplicity
Every chart, graph, icon, illustration, or photograph used in a presentation should be easy to see and understand. Images that are difficult to interpret or poor in quality can erode the trust of an audience.
Do look for ways to use symbols, icons, or illustrations as they have a way of communicating ideas more quickly than photography.
Don’t use more than one photograph per slide, and don’t use stock photography that conflicts with your client’s brand (e.g., too funny, serious, or ethereal).
During the consultation phase of a presentation design project, ask your potential client to see existing charts or graphs they’re hoping to include. If anything is confusing, pixelated, or inconsistent, tell them you’ll need to remake their graphics. Be prepared to show high-quality examples from well-known companies to sell your point.
Add Energy and Meaning with Bold Color Schemes
Laszlo Bock - Work Rules
Color plays an important role in nearly every design discipline, and presentation design is no different. The colors used for a presentation affect the tone of the topic being shared and influence the mood of the audience.
Do keep color schemes simple. Two or three colors should make up the majority of slides.
Don’t use complementary colors for text and background (e.g., blue background with orange text). This has a way of making words vibrate with nauseating intensity.
Identify a few high-contrast accent colors to make strategic cameos for added impact.
The Mission of Every Presentation Designer
It can’t be overstated; presentations are huge opportunities for designers to positively impact their clients’ businesses. Innovation and advancements in culture and technology are occurring so rapidly that it’s become absolutely vital to be able to tell a good story. No one has time for poorly communicated ideas.
Here’s the simple truth: A bad presentation designer dresses up junk content with no thought for narrative and dumps a pile of slides into their client’s lap. Maybe the presentation looks pretty, but it doesn’t inspire, doesn’t activate, and certainly doesn’t sell.
To be effective, results-driven presentation designers means that we must empower our clients with an efficient tool. We carefully consider each slide, word, and visual for maximum impact, and we remember that presentations are intended for a human audience. Whether it’s a room of investors or a conference hall packed with consumers, it’s our job to provide our clients with opportunities to change minds and win business.
What is presentation design?
Presentation designers craft an array of ideas, stories, words, and images into a set of slides that are arranged to tell a story and persuade an audience.
Why is storytelling so important?
Where numbers, lists, and facts merely inform, storytelling has the power to make an audience care about and act on information that is being presented.
What are the basic elements of a slide?
The basic elements of a slide are its dimensions, text, images, layout, and color.
SlideDesignVisualStorytellingPresentationDesign
Expert Branding Designer
Micah uses brand design and illustration to tell stories on behalf of his clients. He believes that design must identify a need, stir a desire for change, and shed light on a path that is uniquely helpful, hopeful, and human.
Hire Micah
D.P. Venkatesh
great article and brilliant examples. just used your guide for a speech im giving friday. thanks
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Heartbroken Cat Rediscovers A Scent He Thought He'd Never Smell Again
His best friend used to wear that collar 💔
By Stephen Messenger
unlikely friends
It's now been months since Zeus the cat said a final farewell to his friend, a dog named Sam who passed away. But the saddened cat's love for his old canine companion still burns strong in his heart.
And recently, that couldn't have been made more clear.
Emma Catanzarite
On the surface, Zeus and Sam's relationship may not have seemed too atypical for a cat and dog living under the same roof.
But despite the contrasts in their species and temperaments, a bond formed between them — though they did express it in different ways.
"Zeus always tried to cuddle with Sam and play with him, but Sam was always uninterested," Emma Catanzarite, the pair's owner, told The Dodo. "Zeus loved to tease him all the time."
Mostly, though, he just wanted to be close.
But while cats are usually the ones who have a funny way of showing affection, in this case it was Sam the dog who expressed his love through tolerance.
Sadly, though, their time together couldn't last forever; two months ago, Sam died — and it cast a long shadow on the cat's heart.
"Zeus seemed really lonely after Sam passed away," Catanzarite said. "He followed my mom around a lot more during the day and he meowed a lot after he died like he was looking for him. The day Sam died, we had him wrapped in a blanket and my mom came in the room to find Zeus sleeping on top of him, like he finally got the chance to cuddle with him."
Sam may be gone, but this week Zeus found a way to reconnect with him.
Since the dog's passing, Catanzarite's brother had kept his old collar on a bookshelf in his room. The other day, Zeus found it — and his heart seemed to swell.
"I saw Zeus sniffing by the bookshelf and then he jumped up and sat right by the collar," Catanzarite said. "It made me so sad seeing how happy he was to find it and finally smell Sam again."
Here's video of Zeus rediscovering the scent he'd so dearly been missing:
my dog passed away a couple months ago and my cat just found his old collar... I AM CRYING pic.twitter.com/v7An9sH3Ws
— emma (@emmacatanzarite) November 6, 2018
It's impossible to say for certain if simply smelling Sam again was enough to mend his heart, but it certainly appeared that way.
"He seemed so happy when he discovered it," Catanzarite said. "I think it might have helped him."
Nothing will ever bring Sam back in body, but his presence still lingers in spirit and scent — and now Zeus knows exactly where to go to find it.
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"Israel's leadership, back then, understood that occupation cannot and should not persist"
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"We thought that recognising Israel would pave the way towards that historical compromise: two states for two nations." Two decades after the Oslo Accords were signed, Palestinian negotiator Yasser Abed Rabbo reflects on his early expectations of the peace process, what went wrong, and how today's political climate compares to that of twenty years ago.
Elders team: How would you compare the political climate around the Israeli Palestinian talks now to that of 20 years ago, in the run up to the Oslo Accords?
Yasser Abed Rabbo: During the Oslo agreement, the Palestinian-Israeli conflict was the first priority in this region. Today, I can’t say that interest has diminished, but all the other priorities in the region continually distract attention from our issue.
There is a lot of scepticism about the possibility of success of the current peace process, and this scepticism starts from the highest level in the American administration to all corners of the earth. This is because the experience of the past 20 years has not been encouraging – and because the current Israeli policies of settlement expansion and confiscation of land have vastly changed the geographical conditions on the ground.
Nobody trusts that there is a serious and real intention at the highest level in Israel and its governing coalition to be determined to have a solution for all the basic issues that remain unsolved after 20 years.
It doesn’t mean that our core issues have changed, but the dilemma is that everybody 20 years ago believed that the two-state solution would be achieved, even though it wasn’t mentioned in the Oslo agreement; today everybody is talking about the two-state solution as the only outcome of this conflict, but it is less certain how it will be accomplished.
Did Israelis and Palestinians differ in their early expectations of the Oslo process?
One of the main flaws of the Oslo agreement was that the final result wasn’t defined: a two-state solution on the basis of the 1967 borders. The agreement also failed to state explicitly that settlement activities should stop immediately – it was referred to only indirectly when mentioning that no side should take any steps that would affect the outcome of the final negotiations.
In spite of that, I can say that we felt that the political leadership in Israel was totally and fundamentally different to the current one. The leadership then had understood, vaguely, that occupation cannot and should not persist.
On our side, we had taken a step that we thought would open the doors of historical compromise by recognising Israel, in return for their recognition of our national aspirations and our national movement, the Palestine Liberation Organisation (PLO), which represents these aspirations. We thought – even though it wasn’t balanced, because we gave a full recognition for a partial one – that it would pave the way towards that historical compromise. Two states for two nations.
There was a lot of enthusiasm at the beginning – many underestimated the difficulties that would arise due to the power of the opponents of the deal, in Israel and even in the United States.
Back in 1994, how did you envision the region 20 years later?
We thought that the region would witness the beginning of a new era of open borders and wider economic cooperation, focusing on development rather than on the arms race, and that we would start thinking of having special and developed relations with Israel. We felt that technology at that time would be our main common challenge, and that the Middle East would be more united, rather than divided as it is today.
The dream is still there, but it remains a far-off dream rather than being a serious possibility.
What was key to the success of the Oslo negotiations, and can it be replicated in 2013-14?
The Oslo agreement, for me, had corrected the path of history. For the first time, it partially changed the Sykes-Picot agreement and the Balfour Declaration, which had created new nations and states, but on the other hand had abolished the rights and neglected the aspirations of the Palestinian people.
Although we didn’t speak about “two states” in the agreement, not even the most naive politician would have failed to understand that this would be the eventual result of the process.
Today I can’t be sure that even the most sophisticated politicians are sure of the outcome. This could prolong the conflict and jeopardise the future of the two nations of Palestine and Israel, and the whole region as well.
Can you identify a turning point when, in your view, the Oslo process switched from a positive to a negative direction?
The early vacuum created by the assassination of Yitzhak Rabin, while the peace process was still very fragile, enabled the Israeli right wing to turn the course of the process backward. Yet before his death, even Rabin used slogans, maybe without recognising their implications, saying for example: “There are no sacred dates.”
When Netanyahu was elected Prime Minister in 1996, he built a strategy to undermine the Oslo agreement and created a new reference to the process, which he called “reciprocity”. For him, this meant that when the Palestinians took action he would decide whether it was positive or not, and based on that he would determine the response. He shattered the whole philosophy of the Oslo agreement, which had defined and started to implement reciprocal steps taken by both sides.
He said this to Yasser Arafat in their first meeting after his election. I was sitting right next to Arafat in the Erez checkpoint conference room two weeks after Netanyahu formed his new cabinet, and Arafat told me as he left: “I believe we have started a totally different game – a very dangerous one – with this man. We have lost the compass of Oslo."
What, do you think, have been the unintended consequences of the Oslo Accords?
Some elements which weren’t mentioned in the Oslo agreement were understood, but there was not enough courage to implement them. The Oslo agreement was the first attempt to have a peace deal after a century of antagonism and conflict. The two nations would have to coexist and accept the reality of the existence of the other side, rather than sticking to their historical narratives and claims. The decision to sign was extremely difficult for us, but the wide vision of Arafat and his Israeli counterpart led us to accept the Accord without these elements being mentioned directly in writing.
However, the creation of the Palestinian Authority (PA) was not intended to be a long-term formula and we behaved accordingly, believing that after five years we would be able to finalise the deal and create our independent state. But the changes in the Israeli leadership and the shift to the right – though interrupted for a time by Ehud Barak's leadership – saw what I can call politely strong hesitance on the Israeli side to continue the path of Rabin, which ultimately led to the fall of Barak’s government.
Unfortunately, this wasn’t challenged enough by our side or by the international community. We didn’t expect that the five-year interim period would become a long-term arrangement without any promise of light at the end of the tunnel.
If you could go back twenty years, what would you do differently?
Two things. First, a clear and unambiguous commitment to the final outcome of a Palestinian state with East Jerusalem as its capital on the basis of the 1967 borders, and a just, mutually accepted solution to the issue of refugees.
Second, a commitment that all the steps to be taken should serve that end, such as freezing settlement activities during the interim period.
Ambiguity concerning these two matters has led to the death of Oslo at the hand of the extremists. It enabled the right wing in Israel, and Hamas and others on our side, to destroy the process through their violent methods and to marginalise the founders of the Oslo agreement, along with its spirit and vision.
If I could go back in time, I would insist on these two commitments and ensure Oslo had the strongest and widest support, instead of leaving the agreed terms unclear.
If you could give one piece of advice to the current Israeli/Palestinian negotiators, what would it be?
Nothing more than defining the borders of the two states, with minor swaps of territory that will leave us with 100 per cent of our state.
If we don’t take that approach, and we are left to discuss Israeli security needs and measures – the separation wall, settlement blocs, controlling the Jordan Valley and annexing East Jerusalem for security purposes – then we will be doomed to failure.
Borders will bring with them the necessary security arrangements; we should not let security claims define those borders. The problem of settlements will then be easier to resolve and will have to be resolved. If it is neglected and left for Israel to regard as a secondary concern after the security issue, it will mean that there will be no viable Palestinian state and national homeland.
Is there one personal story or memory that encapsulates for you the spirit of the 1993 negotiations?
Rabin was a heavy smoker, as I was. We exchanged cigarettes when one of us had run out, building a friendly atmosphere – this was probably the first Israeli-Palestinian cooperation. In some meetings, when I wasn’t attending, Rabin would ask seriously about his “heavy smoker counterpart”. His mood was serious but very open at the meetings.
He moved from dealing with us strictly as opponents to holding special meetings with us. I remember during one of the meetings in Paris, he advised Arafat in my presence on how to deal with the international community in order to get more economic and financial support. Rabin believed that we were now tied together, that “your failure is ours”.
We were suspicious at first of such a cordial atmosphere, but we came to recognise later, his advice was built on profound Israeli experience and genuine need to justify his agreement with us in front of his public.
When Arafat heard about Rabin’s assassination, I saw the extreme sadness that he usually tried to control on similar occasions. He kept saying the same thing: “How can we move forward now?”
Yasser Abed Rabbo is Secretary General of the Palestine Liberation Organisation's Executive Committee. A member of the official Palestinian negotiating team, he is known as one of the architects of The Geneva Accords.
Photo credit: UN Photo/Eskinder Debebe
Views expressed are those of the author and do not necessarily represent those of The Elders or The Elders Foundation.
"I tried to persuade Rabin to negotiate a permanent settlement"
Yossi Beilin, Israeli former negotiator and one of the architects of the 1993 Oslo Accords, discusses why the Oslo talks succeeded, what derailed the process in the years that followed, and the advice he would give the negotiators in the current round of
Referendums could be key to peace deal
"Both Prime Minister Netanyahu and President Abbas promise to submit any agreement reached to a popular vote. I am confident that both sides would approve a balanced peace agreement." Jimmy Carter On the 20th anniversary of the Oslo Accords, Jimmy Carter
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This article is more than 2 months old
Republicans propose mass student surveillance plan to prevent shootings
A new Senate bill would give a federally mandated boost to America’s growing school surveillance industry
Lois Beckett in San Francisco
@loisbeckett
Wed 23 Oct 2019 19.19 EDT Last modified on Thu 24 Oct 2019 10.05 EDT
Fear of school shootings has already fueled rapid growth in the school surveillance industry, particularly after a school shooting in Parkland, Florida, last year left 17 people dead. Photograph: Gerald Herbert/AP
Senate Republicans have a new plan for preventing mass shootings: require public schools to use surveillance technology to monitor students’ online behavior for signs of violence or self-harm.
A new Republican bill that claims “to help prevent mass shootings” includes no new gun control measures. Instead, Republican lawmakers are supporting a huge, federally mandated boost to America’s growing school surveillance industry.
Millions of American students, across thousands of school districts, are already being monitored by tech companies that scan everything they write in school emails, chats and shared documents, looking for signs of suicidal thoughts or plans for a school shooting. This surveillance technology doesn’t turn off when the school day is over: anything students type in official school accounts is monitored 24 hours a day, whether they are in their classrooms or their bedrooms.
Under digital surveillance: how American schools spy on millions of kids
There is still no research evidence that demonstrates whether or not online monitoring of schoolchildren actually works to prevent violence.
Despite this, new legislation introduced Wednesday by Senator John Cornyn, a Texas Republican and longtime ally of the National Rifle Association (NRA), would update the Children’s Internet Protection Act to mandate that public schools adopt “a technology protection measure that detects online activities of minors who are at risk of committing self-harm or extreme violence against others”.
A spokesperson for Cornyn did not immediately respond to a request for comment on why he and other Senate Republicans are mandating that public schools adopt a new technology before there is any clear evidence that it’s effective in preventing violence.
The Cornyn bill, entitled the Response Act, includes a range of other policies without strong evidence of reducing mass shootings, including expediting the federal death penalty for perpetrators of mass shootings, a priority of Donald Trump.
Privacy advocates say pervasive surveillance is not appropriate for an educational setting, and that it may actually harm children, particularly students with disabilities and students of color, who are already disproportionately targeted with school disciplinary measures.
“You are forcing schools into a position where they would have to surveil by default,” said Amelia Vance, the director of education privacy at the Future of Privacy Forum.
“There’s a privacy debate to be had about whether surveillance is the right tactic to take in schools, whether it inhibits students trust in their schools and their ability to learn,” Vance said. But “the bottom line,” she said, is “we do not have evidence that violence prediction works”.
There’s no hard data on how many public schools are already monitoring what students write 24 hours a day. But Vance estimates that only a third of US school districts, at most, currently use this technology.
If Cornyn’s bill becomes law, “you’re going to force probably 10,000 districts to buy a new product that they’re going to have to implement”, she said.
That would mean redirecting public schools’ time and money away from strategies that are backed by evidence, such as supporting mental health and counseling services, and towards dealing with surveillance technologies, which often produce many false alarms, like alerts about essays on To Kill a Mockingbird.
Fear of school shootings has already fueled rapid growth in the school surveillance industry, particularly after a school shooting in Parkland, Florida, last year left 17 people dead. Companies that sell this technology are marketing it to schools with bold claims of lives saved – numbers based only on internal, anecdotal estimates, not independent analysis.
One leading school surveillance company, Gaggle, says its technology is currently used to monitor 4.5 million students across 1,400 school districts. The company claims that in the last academic year alone its technology “helped districts save the lives of more than 700 students who were planning or actually attempting suicide”.
Securly, another company, says its products are used to protect 10 million students across 10,000 individual schools. In the past year, Securly said it helped school officials intervene in 400 situations that presented an “imminent threat”.
Another company, Bark says it works with at least 1,400 school districts across the country, and claims its technology has helped prevent “16 credible school shootings” and detected “twenty thousand severe self-harm situations”. Bark, which sells a for-profit app to help parents monitor what their children are doing online, offers its surveillance technology to schools for free.
First passed in 2000, the Children’s Internet Protection Act was originally designed to make sure that American kids would not be looking at porn on taxpayer-funded school computers. It currently requires schools to monitor students’ “online activities”, although privacy experts say that what that means – and what constitutional limits there may be on the monitoring – have never been clearly defined.
US school shootings
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https://www.thehour.com/sports/article/Niese-takes-no-hit-bid-into-7th-Mets-sweep-Braves-8124459.php
Niese takes no-hit bid into 7th, Mets sweep Braves
RONALD BLUM
AP Sports Writer
Published 7:01 pm EDT, Wednesday, April 11, 2012
NEW YORK (AP) -- Jonathon Niese took a no-hitter into the seventh inning in his first start since signing a rich contract and the New York Mets completed a season-opening sweep of the Atlanta Braves with a 7-5 victory Sunday.
Niese (1-0) allowed just two balls out of the infield through six innings and retired 15 in a row before walking Dan Uggla on a 10-pitch at-bat leading off the seventh. On the next pitch, Niese's 99th of the game, Freddie Freeman singled cleanly to right.
New York has played 7,971 games in its 51-season history and is the oldest team in the majors without a no-hitter, startling for a club that produced stellar pitchers such as Tom Seaver, Nolan Ryan and Dwight Gooden. San Diego (6,846) is the only other big league team without one.
Niese lasted just two more batters after Freeman. Right fielder Lucas Duda, looking into a sunny, cloudless sky, dropped Matt Diaz's fly ball for a run-scoring error that made it 7-1, and Jason Heyward chased Niese with a two-run double. Pinch-hitter Jack Wilson added a sacrifice fly off Manny Acosta.
Pitching for the first time since the Mets gave him a $25.5 million, five-year deal, Niese allowed four runs -- two earned -- and two hits in six-plus innings with seven strikeouts and two walks. It also was his first outing since a $10,000 offseason nose job -- paid for by former teammate Carlos Beltran -- to correct a deviated septum. Niese's 2011 season was cut short Aug. 23 when he strained an intercostal muscle.
Ruben Tejada had a career-best four hits for the Mets. Frank Francisco pitched the ninth for his third save of the series.
Overpowering the Braves with a fastball that reached 93 mph, Niese benefited early from the wide strike zone of plate umpire Phil Cuzzi, who called out Michael Bourn and Martin Prado on strikes as Niese fanned the side in the third.
On what would have been the 58th birthday of late Mets star Gary Carter, the Mets improved to 3-0 for the first time since they won their first four games in 2007. The Braves are 0-3 for the second time since losing their first 10 games in 1988. In 2003 they were outscored 17-2 by Montreal in a three-game sweep at Atlanta.
Atlanta had seven runs and 14 hits in the series.
Mike Minor (0-1), who impressed the Braves by throwing 14 consecutive scoreless innings in his first four spring training starts, gave up six runs, six hits and four walks in five-plus innings.
Before a crowd of 27,855 on Easter Sunday, more than 14,000 short of capacity, David Wright put the Mets ahead with a sacrifice fly in the first and Duda added another sacrifice fly in the fourth. Daniel Murphy hit a two-run double in the fifth, and the Mets made it 7-0 in the sixth on Scott Hairston's RBI double against Cristhian Martinez and Tejada's two-run double.
Brian McCann, who had been 0 for 10 in the series, homered in the eighth over the newly pulled-in fence in right, a ball that likely would have been a flyout in previous seasons at Citi Field.
NOTES: The highlight of the Mets' three-game series against Washington figures to be Wednesday's finale, with Johan Santana pitching against Stephen Strasburg. New York is selling $2.50 tickets for that game, to be played on the 50th anniversary of the Mets' debut. ... Niese pitched a one-hitter against San Diego on June 10, 2010, allowing Chris Denorfia's leadoff double in the third. ... Last year Atlanta was not swept in a series of three games or more until Sept. 5-7 at Philadelphia. ... The Braves said 3B Chipper Jones will work out in Houston before Monday night's game at the Astros. He is eligible to come off the disabled list Tuesday following surgery March 26 to repair a torn meniscus in his left knee. ... LHP Sean Gilmartin, taken by the Braves with the 28th pick of last year's amateur draft, allowed two hits in six shutout innings in his Double-A debut, a 1-0 loss by Mississippi to Mobile in the Southern League on Saturday. ... RHP Tim Hudson, returning from back surgery on Nov. 28, pitched three innings in a rehab assignment for Class-A Rome in the Southern League against Charleston. He allowed two runs and four hits. Two of the hits were infield singles by Dante Bichette Jr. ... Wright's home run Saturday was only his sixth to the opposite field at Citi Field, according to STATS LLC. He had one each in 2009 and last year, and three in 2010. Wright has 728 RBIs, five short of Darryl Strawberry's club record.
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Watch the skies for aurora borealis and shooting stars
Increased solar activity means visual treats for star-gazers, with meteor showers and even aurorae visible from Ireland.
By Jennifer Wade Tuesday 9 Aug 2011, 12:04 PM
Aug 9th 2011, 12:04 PM 3,196 Views 9 Comments
http://jrnl.ie/196796
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File photo, an Aurora Borealis spins above Alaska, Feb 2008.
Image: Bob Martinson/AP/Press Association Images
THE SKIES OVER Ireland will provide a visual feast for star-gazers in the coming days, with astronomical activity producing both aurora borealis and the year’s most significant meteor showers.
Increased solar activity last Friday led to aurora borealis, also known as the Northern Lights, becoming visible from Ireland – a rare event. David Moore of Astronomy Ireland told TheJournal.ie that sky-watchers may have the further chances to see aurora over the coming days, but warned that cloud cover may obscure the sights.
Aurorae are caused when solar radiation interacts with the planet’s magnetic field, causing glowing lights in the upper atmosphere that can be seen from Earth.
Moore explained that the aurorae, which are usually only visible in high latitude areas of the Northern Hemisphere, were pushed to areas like Ireland due to very strong solar activity. The sun is currently nearing the peak of 11-year cycle, which means increased sunspots and more sights in the sky.
The Perseid meteor shower occurs once a year and allows star gazers to witness spectacular streaks of light across the sky. The Perseids have been observed from Earth for the past 2,000 years.
The showers can be observed from August 5th to 19th, with the peak occurring on 12th (Friday), and Astronomy Ireland is encouraging the public to count the meteors they observe and pass on the information to them.
No special equipment is needed to see the Perseids.
Astronomy Ireland is holding a Sun Watch workshop at its headquarters in Artane at 1pm this Saturday, to explain the approaching solar maximum.
Jennifer Wade
jen@thejournal.ie
See more articles by Jennifer Wade
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Spectacular Panoramic Views of the San Diego Bay
See some San Diego Landmarks
Open 365 days a year. Boarding begins 15 minutes before departure.
Hornblower Cruises- 970 N Harbor Drive, San Diego, CA 92101. Departure from Pier 2 -Next to the USS Midway.
North Harbor Dr. and Broadway St.
Parking Options: (Rates subject to change).
5 Star Public Parking: Corner of Pacific Highway and Broadway and across from the Santa Fe Depot on Pacific Highway: 0 to 1 hour: $5.00; 1 to 10 hours: $10.00; 10 to 24 hours: $12.00; 5pm to 2am: $5.00 (Weekends and Holidays until 2am); USS Midway Parking Lot: $7.00 all day; There are also metered spots directly across from ticket booth. The meters have a 3 hour max Monday to Saturday until 6:00 pm. The meters are free after 6:00 pm and on Sundays.
All ages welcome. Minors require adult supervision. Passengers over 18 years of age are required to have valid photo identification available at boarding.
Dress in layers for comfort. Bring a Camera. Allow enough time for traffic and parking. Seating on the yacht is on a first come, first served basis. Departure times vary for North and South Bay 1 hour harbor cruises. For a small additional fee take in the sights of both the North and South Bay with the San Diego 2 hour Harbor Cruise. Rates subject to change. A snack and full beverage bar is available. Hornblower does have handicap accessibility on some, but not all, of the yachts and decks. Call customer service to ensure handicap accessibility.
San Diego 1 Hour Harbor Cruise Booth Location
The San Diego Skyline
Sit back and take in the views
Enjoy the beauty around you
Appreciate the style and grace
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Home > Things to Do > Arts and Culture > History & Heritage > Birchwood Area Historical Museum
Birchwood Area Historical Museum
Favorite (1) 101 N. Main Street - Birchwood, WI 54817
Open Saturdays Memorial Day-Labor Day from 11am-3pm. Groups welcome. Call ahead to schedule an appointment.
The Birchwood Area Log Museum houses a handcarved replica of an entire logging camp operation at the turn of the century. In addition to the logging camp replica, the museum also houses many logging camp artifacts, taped interviews of early settlers and more. The Morey house was originally built in 1901, and with many additions was finally completed in 1908. Howard Morey's parents bought the house for $304.07. In 1924 Howard left Birchwood for Chicago to pursue his piloting career, three years later he began an airline shuttle service between Madison and Chicago. Over the next 40 years, Howard Morey continued to make a significant difference in Wisconsin aviation, including training pilots for World War II. His home was donated to the Birchwood Historical Society in 1995. The house is undergoing restoration to return it to its original appearance and to preserve the memory of Howard Morey.
Washburn County/Spooner Area Tourism
Runs Memorial Day through Labor Day
History/Heritage Type
Early Industry
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Spurs & Skis Skijoring Stampede 3/07/2020 Rice Lake - 13.27 miles away
Film Series: The Art of Film 12/21/2019 Shell Lake - 18.92 miles away
Spooner-Trego Lions Club Ice Fishing Contest 2/01/2020 Spooner - 19.17 miles away
Jacks are Wild: Food and Wine Tasting 4/16/2020 Spooner - 20.02 miles away
Jack Frost Festival 2/08/2020 Spooner - 20.53 miles away
Gull Lake Ice Fishing Contest 2/15/2020 Springbrook - 24.34 miles away
Hayward Lions Pre-Birkie 2/08/2020 Hayward - 24.85 miles away
Slumberland American Birkebeiner Cross-Country Ski Event 2/20/2020 - 2/22/2020 Hayward - 24.86 miles away
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B.C. passing seasonal stress test but losing religious faith
Mario Canseco / Glacier Media
Photograph By FatCamera/iStock
Sorry. Even with the opportunity to ask Canadians whatever I wanted in the final month of 2018, I chose not to dwell on the appropriateness of the song “Baby, It’s Cold Outside” in the 21st century.
That being said, certain questions are unavoidable in December for people in my profession, such as the age-old debate over the adequate greeting. But the end of the year also provides an opportunity both to measure the stress that can be caused by the season and to see whether religion continues to play a pivotal role in our daily lives.
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Let us deal with the easy stuff first. Across the country, three in four Canadians asked by Research Co. (74%) say their preferred salutation for this season is “Merry Christmas.” The greeting is more popular among residents aged 55 and over (79%).
“Happy Holidays” is the choice for 14% of Canadians, with a fairly stable showing across all demographics except of one. Only 4% of Albertans outline a predilection for “Happy Holidays” over “Merry Christmas.”
We also see 12% of Canadians are undecided or simply do not care either way when it comes to this season’s greetings. I wanted to know what could cause more than one in 10 Canadians to be in an apparent “bah, humbug” mood.
The first step was to look at how many Canadians relate to the winter holidays as something blissful. More than half of respondents to the poll (57%) cheerily admit that this holiday season is expected to be “more fun than stressful.” There are some subtle differences, such as men being slightly more likely to consider the events fun than women (60% to 55%).
In British Columbia, a whopping 70% of residents say this holiday season will be “more fun than stressful,” by far the highest proportion in the country. Quebec comes closest to British Columbia’s joyful mood at 60%, followed by Ontario and Atlantic Canada with 56% each, and Manitoba and Saskatchewan with 54%.
Once again, Alberta stands apart. The province’s residents are deeply divided on this question, with 45% saying they expect this holiday season to be “more fun than stressful” and 43% claiming this year will be “more stressful than fun.” In no other region of Canada do we see one in four residents saying this is a time for anxiety and not elation.
The final layer of analysis is religion. In spite of all the discussions about proper songs, year-end party etiquette and weight gain worries, we get together to celebrate, in diverse ways and with dissimilar greetings, a religious holiday.
Across Canada, only 18% of residents say religion is “very important” in their daily life, while 20% deem it “moderately important.” This means that a majority of Canadians currently feel religion is “not too important” (21%) or “not important at all” (41%).
Age plays a role in the way Canadians are looking at faith. While only 32% of Canadians aged 55 and over say religion is “not important at all,” the proportion increases to 37% among those aged 35 to 54. Most of Canada’s youngest adults, those aged 18 to 34, seem to have lost their faith or maybe never found it. A majority of them (53%) say religion is “not important at all” in their daily lives.
Regionally, two provinces stand out as being the least interested in religion. Only in British Columbia and Quebec do more than half of residents readily admit that religion is “not important at all” to them at this stage in their lives (54% in each province).
So, while we are nearing a consensus on the greeting that Canadians prefer to say in December, just what the season is about appears to hinge on where you live and how your year went.
In Alberta, a tense 2018 is coming to an end, and it is painfully evident that families are struggling more here than in other parts of the country. Albertans are still more likely to fume over the mention of “Happy Holidays”; they are also some of the least likely to have abandoned religion.
British Columbians and Quebecers, who have an established brotherhood of environmental stewardship, are more likely to say this year’s holiday season will be fun. They are also the most likely to not be paying any attention to faith.•
Mario Canseco is the president of Research Co.
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Watching Sochi 2014 coverage? Thank Microsoft for Azure
NBC and Microsoft team up to broadcast and stream 2014 Sochi Olympics using the Azure platform
By: Michael Hatamoto from Feb 8, 2014 @ 15:31 CST
The 2014 Olympic Winter Games from Sochi, Russia is being broadcasted by NBC in the United States, with streams into the living room, over the Internet, and on mobile devices. NBC teamed up with Microsoft, using the company's Azure Media Services video service platform that Microsoft powers with its own data centers.
Analysts believe Olympic viewers will watch and stream the Olympics for at least six hours per day, which was the average during the 2012 London Olympics.
"We are pleased to be working once again with Microsoft, and we are confident that Windows Azure Media Services will help us provide the most robust streaming experience ever for a Winter Olympics," said Richard Cordella, NBC Sports Group Digital Media GM, in a statement.
Major sporting events, such as the Super Bowl, Olympics and World Cup, present a great opportunity for tech companies to test their cloud computing products. Microsoft Azure already powers around half of Fortune 500 companies, and working with NBC at the Olympics presents a great way to woo potential clients.
NEWS SOURCES:prnewswire.com, darkroom.baltimoresun.com
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On St. Paul’s Green Line, Goodwill parking lot…
On St. Paul’s Green Line, Goodwill parking lot to become 279 units of affordable housing
Reuter Walton Development will build a 279-unit apartment complex at the northwest corner of University Avenue and Fairview Avenue in St. Paul, the current site of a Goodwill Industries parking lot, it was announced on Dec. 13, 2019. The affordable “workforce housing” project, to begin construction in late 2020, will span two seven-story buildings facing University Avenue. (Courtesy of Reuter Walton)
By Frederick Melo | fmelo@pioneerpress.com | Pioneer Press
Reuter Walton Development will build a 279-unit apartment complex at the northwest corner of University Avenue and Fairview Avenue in St. Paul, the current site of a Goodwill Industries parking lot. The project will span two seven-story buildings facing University Avenue.
Developer Nick Walton announced the deal on Friday, noting the affordable “workforce housing” development will be located along the Green Line transit corridor and priced for residents earning between 30 and 80 percent of area median income.
St. Paul Council Member Mitra Nelson said she met with the Hamline-Midway Coalition’s development committee on Thursday evening to review details, and “the initial impression seemed in line with a lot of what I hear community members asking for in terms of affordability.”
Reuter Walton has a purchase agreement with Goodwill Industries to buy more than three acres of land, though Goodwill employees will still be able to park at the site through a long-term lease arrangement.
“Our legacy has been to anticipate market demand and be ready to develop when opportunity and the right site is available,” Walton said in a written statement. “The Goodwill Headquarters redevelopment will provide much needed affordable and transit oriented housing for the city of St. Paul.”
(Courtesy of Reuter Walton)
The developer will apply in January for affordable housing tax credits through the city of St. Paul, with construction anticipated to begin in the fall of 2020. All other financing has been secured, according to Walton’s statement.
Goodwill-Easter Seals Minnesota President and CEO Michael Wirth-Davis said in the statement that his organizations looks “forward to welcoming our new neighbor Reuter Walton, who is providing critical housing options in the community we serve.”
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St. Paul development
Frederick Melo
Frederick Melo was once sued by a reader for $2 million but kept on writing. He came to the Pioneer Press in 2005 and brings a testy East Coast attitude to St. Paul beat reporting. He spent nearly six years covering crime in the Dakota County courts before switching focus to the St. Paul mayor's office, city council, and all things neighborhood-related, from the city's churches to its parks and light rail. A resident of Hamline-Midway, he is married to a Frogtown woman. He Tweets with manic intensity at @FrederickMelo.
Follow Frederick Melo @FrederickMelo
OF NOTE The Minnesota Housing Partnership announced the following new board members: Chris Coleman, Twin Cities Habitat for Humanity president and CEO and former mayor of St. Paul; Kayla Schuchman, director of Housing, Planning and Economic Development, City of St. Paul; Cecile Bedor, CommonBond executive vice president of real estate; Brittany Lewis, founder and CEO of Research in Action; Alisha...
Real World Economics: Academics of St. Paul’s college savings plan
The assertion of something being "good in theory but bad in practice" is overused. It's often that the "good" theory is simply bad -- or too general to execute for any specific situation. Yet there also are policies that appear good in intention and practice for several reasons, empirical as well as theoretical, and could have positive effects when implemented,...
When prospective business owners call the volunteer-driven Oakdale Area Chamber of Commerce to introduce themselves, a staff member at the St. Paul Area Chamber of Commerce -- located in downtown St. Paul, some eight miles from Oakdale's city center -- will pick up the phone. The same is true for the Minnesota Hmong Chamber of Commerce, which by last summer...
ST. PAUL, Minn. (AP) — A Twin Cities manufacturing plant that was shut down for months over pollution problems will be allowed to resume operations in phases, state officials said Friday.
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Gophers defensive line coach Jim Panagos to…
Gophers defensive line coach Jim Panagos to leave for Rutgers
Defensive linemen squeeze themselves under hurdles as part of the start of practice ritual during a Minnesota Gophers football team practice at TCF Bank Stadium in Minneapolis on Saturday, August 3, 2019. (John Autey / Pioneer Press)
By Andy Greder | agreder@pioneerpress.com | Pioneer Press
The Gophers football program will be looking for the fourth defensive line coach in four years under P.J. Fleck.
Jim Panagos accepted a job in the same position at Rutgers, according to a release Saturday from the New Jersey school.
It’s a bit of a homecoming for the New York native who played at Maryland and coached at Rutgers from 2012-15.
Panagos, a former Vikings assistant from 2002-05, was at Minnesota for one season as he replaced Joe Rossi, who was promoted to defensive coordinator mid-2018.
In addition to Rossi in 2018, the Gophers also had Marcus West as a pass-rush specialist coach in the first year of 10 on-field assistants. In 2017, the Gophers had Bryce Paup as the D-line coach.
Panagos came to Minnesota from Temple in 2018 and after a very brief time with Georgia Tech when Geoff CollinsCollins took that head coaching job last January.
Pagagos was hired to Rutgers by Greg Schiano, who retook the Rutgers job in Dec. 3.
Panagos, who received a salary of $240,000 at the U, made a recruiting visit to Connecticut defensive end Jah Joyner, who is visiting Minnesota this weekend.
Rutgers has also been recruiting Joyner, a Boston College pledge.
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Andy Greder
Andy Greder covers the Gophers and Minnesota United for the Pioneer Press. Since joining the paper full time in November 2013, he has also covered the Timberwolves as a beat and spot duty from the Vikings to high schools. He was a part-time breaking news reporter at the Pioneer Press from 2011-13, when he was also a freelance writer and organic farmer. He started at the Duluth News Tribune in 2006, covering sports, news and business until living abroad in 2010.
Follow Andy Greder @andygreder
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PISCATAWAY, N.J. — Rutgers coach Steve Pikiell doesn’t want to talk about his team potentially being ranked in the Top 25 for the first time in over four decades. Caleb McConnell had 10 points and 12 rebounds as Rutgers used a balanced team effort in a 64-56 win over Minnesota on Sunday to continue the program’s best start in the...
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In practice, Gophers forward Amy Potomak can often be seen skating around wearing a hoodie. Its inspiration comes from watching their peers on the college football field, head coach Brad Frost said. On Saturday, Potomak wore it again, this time out of necessity as the Gophers headed outdoors as part of Hockey Day Minnesota and battled sub-zero temperatures to take...
Gophers men’s basketball has tough test at Rutgers. Yes, Rutgers
Surprise! The Rutgers men’s basketball team is one of the best in the Big Ten this season. After going 16-76 in conference play in their first five years, the Scarlet Knights sit in second place in the league at 4-2 and 13-4 overall. Rutgers is a program-first 12-0 at home heading into Sunday’s game against Minnesota (10-7, 4-3) at The...
Men’s hockey: Gophers lose exhibition to U.S. Under 18 squad
A late goal by the U.S. Under-18 team sunk Minnesota in its final exhibition game of the season on Friday night, losing 2-1 at 3M Arena at Mariucci. After a scoreless first period, the U.S. grabbed a one-goal lead when Luke Tuch sent Thomas Bordeleau in for a breakaway goal at 6:45 of the second period. Minnesota battled back with...
Women’s hockey: No. 1 Gophers upended by No. 5 Ohio State
Gabby Rosenthal scored a tie-breaking goal in the opening seconds of the second period, then added another later Friday night as fifth-ranked Ohio State beat the top-ranked Minnesota Gophers 4-1 in a Women’s WCHA game at Ridder Arena. Sophie Jaques and Rebecca Freiburger each has a goal and an assist for the Buckeyes (14-5-4, 9-3-3-1 WCHA), and goalie Andrea Braendli...
John Shipley: The Gophers’ Destiny Pitts drama seems quaint
Oh, for more of this kind of drama.
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Shaping Great Wealth
US client account login
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Chinese Family Office and Wealth Management Report, 2020
The Chinese Family Office and Wealth Management Report, 2020 report surveys 76 Chinese family members, senior family office executives, and family wealth managers within the region.
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Global Family Office Report 2019
Our 2019 Global Family Office Report reveals the latest survey results on the performance and insights from over 300 family offices from around the world. This report provides information ranging from investments, sustainability, governance, succession planning, and much more.
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Drawing on expertise from across our global organization, UBS provides timely, up-to-date and appropriate advice to enable you to make informed investment decisions. Dedicated in-house teams focus fully on ensuring you always have the big picture combined with the strategic advice most relevant to your individual situation
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A family office is, in its simplest form, the private office for a family of significant wealth.
The purpose of an office can range from handling key family assets and core holdings (tax and accountancy, property and estate management) to include more sophisticated wealth management structures, while often providing family members with educational, professional and lifestyle services.
Generally, family offices manage key areas of family assets, including real estate holdings and direct or indirect investments, tax consolidation and estate management, serving as the central hub for a family’s legacy, governance and succession communication.
Who would benefit from using a family office?
Families with private wealth in excess of USD 150 million are ideal candidates for establishing a single family office structure.
While it is not uncommon for first-generation entrepreneurs to establish a family office, family offices often support families with more complexity in terms of number of households and generations. This is a key characteristic of family office structures and one that offices must account for when designing and executing investment strategies and family governance plans
A typical family office…
Affords structure to the management of family wealth, establishing increased control and oversight of the family wealth strategy and costs of managing investments
Consolidates tax, accountancy and wealth management reporting execution under one roof
Provides a clearly-articulated, efficient governance framework for investment decision making, as well as family legacy and succession functions (including philanthropic foundations and initiatives)
Coordinates with service providers, achieving economies of scale (especially in the case of multi family offices) and preferential deal access and products
Ensures confidentiality and privacy for family members, liberating them from the burden of wealth.
The price and value of investments and income derived from them can go down as well as up. You may not get back the amount originally invested.
UBS does not give tax advice and you should consult your independent tax adviser for specific advice before entering into or refraining from entering into any investment.
Short URL: https://www.ubs.com/gfo
Global Family Office
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Home Nigerian News Politics State of the Nation: Speak up, ACF tells General Danjuma
State of the Nation: Speak up, ACF tells General Danjuma
Uju Ayalogus Blog 02:01:00 Nigerian News, Politics,
...Says he should not keep the nation in suspense
Secretary General, Arewa Consultative Forum (ACF), Mr Anthony Sani, has tasked former Minister of Defence, General T.Y Danjuma (Rtd), to speak up if he is patriotic enough about issues bothering Nigeria.
General Danjuma had at a public lecture recently said that if he was to speak about the state of the nation, the people would no longer sleep.
In this exclusive interview, Sani said that it is better for the retired General to speak up than to keep entire Nigerians in suspense.
The ACF scribe also spoke on other national issues. Excerpts:
Some people have been accusing you of being a friend of the government, which makes you not to be critical on actions of government. What do you have to say?
READ ALSO: No need talking about 2023 now –General Useni
I do not think I am not critical of the government. This is because I have offered constructive criticisms of the government in many areas. I prefer people to concentrate on the issues I raise as to whether they make sense and not on who raised them.
It is important to note that ACF endorsed President Buhari for the last election based on his performance and pedigree by asking people to vote for the regime.
Having won the elections, ACF cannot reasonably be expected to deny the government the needed support for performance. And support of the government does not mean absence of constructive criticisms where necessary.
General T.Y Danjuma (Rtd) said recently that if he should speak about Nigeria, the people will no longer sleep. What is your advice to him, should he speak out his mind or keep silent forever?
General T.Y Danjuma is a statesman and patriot who is versatile enough to know when to speak and when to be silent. He also knows what to say and what not to say. His place in the order of things is not to keep the nation in suspense, but to help in overcoming any challenge facing the country.
How has ACF faired in the outgoing year in terms of uniting the nation and North in particular?
You tend to be pedestrian sometime by your questions. I say this because you forgot the fact that ACF is a consultative and more or less a pressure group, which seeks to give voice to what most northerners share in the context of one united Nigeria. ACF’s performance is not what you can easily measure, since they are intangible.
More so that the federal and state governments are the prime movers while NGOs like ACF can only complement by nudging the prime movers to make conscious and direct efforts to make desires possible and then actual. Now, direct to your question, ACF has been fairing very well by promoting what unites the nation and not divisive factors.
For example, the forum is against the tendency of some people to give ethnic and religious colouration and political profiling to everything under the sun, and in blithe disregard to the fact that such tendencies unwittingly provide platforms upon which criminal elements can hide and perpetrate crimes.
ACF is against ethnic nationalism and religious bigotry promoted by elbow-throwing grievance groups clamouring for government preferment. But whether the relative improvement in peaceful coexistence in the North and thus, the nation can partly be attributed to the efforts of ACF and other civil societies is for Nigerians to judge.
The year 2020 is just by the corner, what message do you have for your counterpart like Ohanaeze Ndigbo, Afenifere, Niger Delta Forum and Middle Belt Forum regarding the unity of the country?
My message to sister organizations like Afenifere, Ohanaeze, Niger Delta Forum, and Middle Belt Forum is for them to help promote a republic of national ideals and core values of humanity as against a republic of cloistered communities with strong historical ties to places.
Insular and primordial sentiments should give way to promotion of relative pluralism that comes with inter-ethnic marriages and urbanization in favour of national solidarity. This is because we can make the most of the God-given diversity by working hard to overcome what divides the people.
Aisha Buhari is worried that people around her husband, particularly Mamman Daura are giving out presidential order without her husband’s knowledge, and even went ahead to register her bitterness with Buhari’s media aide, Garba Shehu. What is your reaction?
I have said it over and over again that my guess on the aim of what has happened in the first family is in furtherance of the adage that all work without play makes Jack a dull boy.
Northern elders have appointed former Head of State, General Abubakar Abdulsalami to reconcile Kano State governor, Umar Ganduje and Emir Lamido Sanusi over the split of the Kano Emirate. Do you think there will be truce at the end of the day, considering executive power of the governor?
Yes, some northern elders have initiated some form of reconciliation between the warring factions. To me, that is a healthy development because it can bring about peaceful resolution of the whole shebang. It is not matter of power, but desire by the northern leaders to bring about peaceful resolution by putting an end to the festering duel.
You have been saying that it is too early for politicians to discuss 2023 presidential election, but politicians are already scheming for the race. What is your advice to them?
My advice is still the same, that it is too early to embark on politics of 2023, considering such early politics can undermine the significance of performance of government in our body politics in favour of politics of identity of rotation and zoning that is more or less tacit admission of failure of leadership.
But the fault of early politics of 2023 lies with the media, which promote it and the politicians. If media can set national agenda and deny the politicians any space for early politics of 2023, the politicians will not continue.
What is your reaction to inclusion of Nigeria on the watchlist of religious intolerance by America?
READ ALSO: Treat trauma patients without police report, Lagos tells hospitals
I do not believe there is religious intolerance that is deliberately promoted by this government, considering there are churches for Christians in states of Northeast that is the hub of the Boko Haram. These churches are made possible by existence of security personnel in those areas.
Similarly, there are many mosques in predominantly Christian states in Southeast and South-south zones where Muslims are free to worship.
The mention of fate of the Islamic Movement of Nigeria as example of religious intolerance does not add up. This is because IMN is a registered movement that has been proscribed on its activities, which the government considers inimical to public good. The members of IMN are not prevented from worshipping their Shiite Sect.
They are free to worship their Shiite. I share the view expressed by President Buhari that America should do more in their effort to have a feel of realistic appreciation of the country through balanced consultations instead of concentrating on only one side opposed to the regime.
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Birzeit University (BZU)
Submitted by emma.meurs on Wed, 24/04/2013 - 11:22
Birzeit University is a Palestinian Arab institution supervised and guided by an autonomous Board of Trustees. The university endeavours to excel in higher education, scientific research, and service to the community. Since its establishment, the university has remained committed to providing equal learning opportunities to qualified individuals and to prepare students to become good citizens active in their society and committed to its advancement and well-being.
IHE Delft and BZU have been cooperating for over 20 years to advance scientific and human resource development, by direct co-operation in the technical and scientific fields related to water and environment. Together we develop and disseminate new knowledge and skills, share experiences and work on projects for the benefit of both institutions and the Palestinian regional communities. Some of the projects include WE-Birzeit, a DUPC project on curriculum development and PADUCO, a programme to contribute to resolving challenges phased by the water sector by looking at policies and practices. The latter supported by the following principles: applied and relevant research and education; national cooperation with the water sector in a broad sense and national and international academic cooperation with Palestinian and Dutch universities.
Contact person for this partnership:
Peter van der Steen, Associate Professor of Environmental Technology at IHE Delft
About IHE Delft
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IHE Delft
2611 AX Delft
2601 DA Delft
Information for staff & students
Phone: +31 (0)152151715
Fax: +31 (0)152122921
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Wossman returners retaining high expectations
Wildcats lose collegiate talent offensively, maintain hopes for district championship and more
Wossman returners retaining high expectations Wildcats lose collegiate talent offensively, maintain hopes for district championship and more Check out this story on thenewsstar.com: http://tnsne.ws/2c9TAN9
Brett Hudson, bhudson@thenewsstar.com Published 4:16 p.m. CT Aug. 29, 2016 | Updated 4:18 p.m. CT Aug. 29, 2016
The Wossman defense loses a few defensive linemen, but has a standout linebacker and veteran secondary behind them.(Photo: Emerald McIntyre/The News-Star)Buy Photo
Talent is not the question at Wossman; the placement of that talent is the only thing yet to be determined.
“You have so many athletes at Wossman that you don’t have to sit down,” Wossman coach Dean Smith said. “You can find ways to get them on the field in an effective way to score points and be successful.”
After graduating a senior class that won a share of the District 2-3A championship and a first-round playoff game in 2015, the next wave of Wossman standouts enters the 2016 season with similar expectations.
The offense the Wildcats will be chasing those goals in has yet to be defined – Smith is hesitant to put a label other than, “multiple,” on the offense before seeing where this team thrives.
Wossman shines in four-team scrimmage
“Sometimes, when you’re blessed to have upperclassmen and big offensive linemen that are 6-5, you can load up and say, ‘I’m running this no matter what I see coming.’ We have to adjust to what we see to make it effective for what we have,” Smith said. “You’ll find out what you’re good at once you get in certain situations early in the season, but we have some base stuff we’re going to run and get a feel for ourselves so we can open it up.”
The Wildcats have options at quarterback, including Zach Smith – who played some quarterback last season when Cam Lewis was situationally moved to another position – and transfer Kaleb Johnson. Both can play wide receiver in the event they are not starting at quarterback.
In the theme of two-way athletes, Smith will play safety in addition to whatever role he ultimately settles into offensively; running back/safety Cortez Ewing is expected to star in both roles and Keldrick Ward will play significant snaps at cornerback, wide receiver and on special teams.
Charles Ellis will also see some time at running back, but will be well-recognized for his time at linebacker, coming back for his senior season after All-State honors as a junior.
“It’s almost like watching a 10-year All-Pro or something: when you see it, it looks so effortless. Everything is so crisp,” Smith said. “We know each other’s thought process during a game. When you have something that great in front of you, you know it’s going to be a while before you can develop something like that again.”
Ellis will be playing behind an inexperienced defensive line after the loss of Brandon Marshall and Dequincy Dennis, among others, but Dalvin Hutchinson appears poised for a breakout season.
“He should be first-team All-State this year, I don’t see why not,” Smith said of Hutchinson. “Alabama camp, they loved him. LSU camp, they loved him. He got offered by (UTSA) as a sophomore last year. He’s the real deal. With Dalvin, he’s really two players, so you just have to find somebody to take something off of him.
“Who’s going to be the next guy? We have some bodies, we have some names on the depth chart, but who’s going to be that next guy? When Friday nights come on, who’s going to show up for you? That will come with playing time. It’s all different from when you’re laughing and joking with your friends on the sidelines, to coach is calling my name in practice, to playing in the game and really staying focused.”
Ellis added of Hutchinson, “He’s been putting in work through the summer, doing workouts here and going to camps, also. The other defensive linemen see him work and they want to do it, too.”
Follow Brett on Twitter, @BHudsonTNS.
Three Keys to Success
Offensive Identity: Last season, the Wildcats transitioned from a true balanced spread to a more multiple system that featured some I-formation veer elements. Coach Dean Smith plans to remain multiple in 2016 – keeping the options open is probably a good idea, but there will come a point where the team shows its strengths and weaknesses in certain elements of that system. How the Wildcats – players and coaches alike – react to that inevitability is crucial.
Defensive Line: Brandon Marshall and Dequincy Dennis are just two of the departures that will be sorely missed in this position group that may have been the best in the district last season. Dalvin Hutchinson has seemingly endless potential, but he cannot hold down that position group alone.
Road trips: Several of Wossman’s most difficult games this season will be away from home: West Monroe, Franklin Parish, Ruston and Union Parish, for example. Getting Rayville and Carroll at home are positives, but finding a formula for playing well on the road is crucial, especially given all four of those previously mentioned difficult road games take place at or before Week 7.
Sept. 2 at West Monroe
Sept. 9 at Franklin Parish
Sept. 16 at General Trass
Sept. 23 vs. Rayville
Sept. 30 at Ruston
Oct. 7 vs. Madison
Oct. 14 at Union Parish
Oct. 21 vs. Caldwell
Oct. 28 vs. Carroll
Nov. 3 at Richwood
West Monroe, 42-0 L
Franklin Parish, 43-18 W
General Trass, 54-8 W
Rayville, 38-29 L
Ruston, 13-7 L
Madison, 21-18 W
Union Parish, 21-18 L
Caldwell, 62-0 W
Carroll, 44-27 W
Richwood, 35-19 W
Lutcher, 44-6 L
25: Cam Lewis and Brandon Lewis scored 25 touchdowns last season: Cam caught two and ran for nine while Brandon caught 13 and ran for one (that number does not include Cam’s 21 passing touchdowns). That’s a significant amount of scoring for Wossman to replace.
District: 2-3A
Coach: Dean Smith (third season)
2015 record: 7-5, 4-1
2015 playoffs: Second round
Playoff streak: Three seasons
Home field: Grady James Memorial Stadium
Tickets: $7
PVAMU hands Grambling 1st home loss of season
ULM outmuscled by UTA in latest loss
Louisiana Tech new facilities timeline update
Flooding to close deer season early in part of East Carroll
ULM falls to Texas State in closing seconds
LA Tech depth shines in rout of Rice
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Texas Hall of Fame welcomes citrus, vegetable veterans
Tom Karst
Honorees at the Jan. 29 Hall of Fame ceremony of the Texas International Produce Association. ( Hector Garza, Texas International Produce Association )
Seven industry leaders, representing growers and marketers of citrus and vegetables, were recently inducted into the Texas Produce Hall of Fame.
Organized by the Texas International Produce Association, the Jan. 29 Hall of Fame ceremony in McAllen recognized long-time leaders in the Texas produce industry.
A tradition since 1988, the event this year honored:
Jud Flowers, president of Lone Star Citrus Growers, Edinburg.
Mark Fryer of Orchard Service and Nursery Ltd., Edinburg.
Joe Metz of Metz & Kappler Grove Service, McAllen.
Bill and Christine Morley of Rio Fresh, San Juan.
Jeanette Schuster, office manager of Rio Fresh, who owns the farmland and Rio Fresh packing facility along with her siblings Fred Schuster and Christine Morley and another sister who is a registered nurse.
Fred Schuster of Schuster Farms, San Juan, Texas.
Mary McKeever of TexaSweet Citrus Marketing, Mission, and Hugh Topper, retired vice president of fresh foods for H-E-B, San Antonio, were awarded the Scott Toothaker Award, The award was established in 1989 to recognize those who are not directly involved in production agriculture, but who have made important contributions to the industry’s success.
McKeever retired from TexaSweet in 1997 after 24 years with the group.
Topper worked for H-E-B for 26 years and served as a volunteer leader for several industry groups, including the United Fresh Produce Association, Produce Marketing Association, Produce for Better Health Foundation and the Texas International Produce Association.
“We have been hosting this event for three decades now,” Dante Galeazzi, president and CEO of the Texas International Produce Association, said in a news release. “To have standing room only speaks volumes about our inductee’s accomplishments and the tremendous amount of respect this industry has for their hard work.”
Hall of Famers’ backgrounds
Flowers is a 41-year veteran of the Texas citrus industry, starting in 1977 as the citrus research and demonstration manager at Rio Farms. He later worked for Pride O Texas as general manager, according to the release. He later was president and general manager of Healds Valley Farms, and in 2007 he partnered with his son, T.J. Flowers, and Trent Bishop to create Lone Star Citrus Growers.
“We built Lone Star with passion and determination to bring added value to the citrus buying customer while serving the independent grower,” Flowers said in a release. “Those ideals are at the core of everything we do, and I am honored to be a part of this journey and to be recognized by TIPA as an inductee in the Hall of Fame.”
Bill Morley who is semi-retired, is a salesman and manager of the produce shed at Rio Fresh, a third-generation greens/herbs/onion farm. Christine Morley, president of the firm, was recognized as a member of The Packer 25 in 2016.
Jeanette Schuster has worked nearly 40 years at Rio Fresh, the family business.
Carl and Wilma Schuster, parents of the Jeanette Schuster, Christine Morley and Fred Schuster, started farming in Texas during the 1940s and became part owners of Rio Fresh in 1970. Rio Fresh is now wholly owned by the family.
Today, Jeanette Schuster said the third generation of the family is active in the business.
She said she appreciates the Texas Produce Hall of Fame honor.
“I was shocked, excited and very honored,” she said. “I am truly appreciative of it and Christine and Bill were too,” she said Jan. 31.
Nominations welcome
The Texas Produce Hall of Fame Committee accepts and reviews nominations throughout the year, according to the release. Bob Peterson, formerly of C&V Supply, Mission, has served as chairman of the committee since 2010.
“It’s a privilege to be part of this industry and serving as chairman of the Hall of Fame Committee is truly an honor,” Peterson said in the release. “Our biggest challenge as a committee is finalizing a list of honorees when there are so many deserving people.”
A portion of the funds from the Hall of Fame Ceremony goes towards the William E. Weeks Agriculture Scholarship Fund. The fund supports students wishing to pursue a degree related to the fresh produce industry, according to the release.
The next Texas Produce Hall of Fame Ceremony is tentatively scheduled for the winter of 2020.
Texas International Produce Assn.
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Environmental and safety issues drive decisions
January 20, 2020 by Janice M. Kresin
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Last Week in Pop Culture #19
This week, I've got one review up for Sound on Sight, looking at All New X-Men #23, the third part of the "Trial of Jean Grey" crossover, as well as a feature on Cyclops and Jean Grey, part of February's "Best Comic Book Romances" theme.
Once Upon a Time: The New Neverland
One of the benefits to moving the action back to Storybrooke, even though the whole Pan storyline hasn't completed, is that it gives us a chance to see the characters decompress while they think the threat is over, something that rarely happens.
It was genuinely kind of sad that nobody cared Regina came back, and I'm glad Snow wasn't a bitch about it and stuck up for her.
I'm also glad Emma knew fairly early that something was wrong with Henry - obviously, with only two episodes left, they couldn't drag this out very long, but that works to the show's advantage.
I'm still confused about the Hipster Darlings...like, they were once younger than Wendy, right? So now they're older than her (since she's been in timeless Neverland), but they're not *that* much older. Why not? Whatever. That's probably the last we'll see of them.
How awesome would it be if Henry had gotten stuck in Pan's body so that Jared Gilmore was done playing Henry?
I've seen better animated figures than Medusa in video games. From 1995.
Brooklyn Nine-Nine: The Party/Full Boyle
"The Party" was a fantastic showcase for the entire cast, with everyone getting a moment to shine. I particularly appreciated that at the party, everyone's insane behavior had little to do with them being cops.
I don't know if Marilu Henner is just signed to the usual three episode guest star arc, or if she's planning on sticking around, but I hope she does - pairing off Boyle in a successful relationship is a story with tons of comedic potential.
Also, I wholeheartedly endorse the running gag that Holt is hilarious to everyone except us and the main characters.
Agents of SHIELD: T.R.A.C.K.S
This was one of the better episodes of the series so far, largely on the strength of its atypical, time-jumping structure and by taking a page out of Whedon's book and grounding the action in characterization (along with a good dose of humor).
That said, this wasn't a *great* episode, and it's kinda sad that fifteen episodes into the season, this represents one of the series high points - this is the kind of episode I'd have liked to see around the five episode mark, the first one showing the characters coming into their own, showing what the show is capable of before it enters a sustained stretch of goodness. Hopefully it still represents that, even if it's coming ten episodes later than it should have.
Other Shows I Watched
Mom "Nietzsche And A Beer Run", New Girl "Exes", Suburgatory "The Birds and the Biederman", Modern Family "iSpy", Revolution "One Riot, One Ranger", The Big Bang Theory "The Locomotion Manipulation"
Terry: Now break it up. We look weird... Don't move as a group! You’re not gazelles!
Peralta: Gina has brought back all the silverware that she stole from your house.
Gina: Also this clock.
Holt: This isn't ours.
Boyle: He was Canadian, so he said was probably his fault he got robbed and apologized for wasting my time.
Peralta: Oh Canada. Truly Odie to America’s Garfield.
Simmons: You never made time for her. But you made time for your work! And your prostitutes!
Coulson: Prostitutes? Plural?
Monroe: You remember South Bend?
Miles: That’ll work.
Charlie: You guys are just naming cities!
Labels: 2013-2014 TV Season, Brooklyn 9-9, Comic Book reviews, Last Week in Pop Culture, Once Upon a Time, Revolution, SHIELD, TV reviews
My take on this week's the latest SHIELD: Did this show just get good?
I'm still very much in wait and see mode -- and I share your frustration that it took so long to get here -- but I was very happy with "TRACKS."
Austin Gorton February 18, 2014 at 11:57 AM
@Michael: I'm still very much in wait and see mode ... but I was very happy with "TRACKS."
I'm right there with you. Considering the previous episode with Blizzard was pretty solid as well, and I'm hearing good things about Bill Paxton, I'm hoping this is indicative of a sustained uptick in quality.
Blam February 21, 2014 at 9:26 AM
I did like the storytelling conceit of "TRACKS". Yeah, I've been disappointed in the series overall, but it is what it is and at least we seem to be on the right, um, you-know-what... Maybe.
I had no idea that the kid in the SHIELD Academy episode was Blizzard, partly because I only have dim recollections of him from late-'70s Iron Man comics and I wouldn't have remembered his civilian name anyway — let alone the name of the less-familiar later Blizzard; I was likewise confused by the show making a present-day character Deathlok since the only version I knew of was Luther Manning from a post-apocalyptic future.
Austin Gorton February 21, 2014 at 3:44 PM
@Blam: I had no idea that the kid in the SHIELD Academy episode was Blizzard, partly because I only have dim recollections of him from late-'70s Iron Man comics and I wouldn't have remembered his civilian name anyway
I picked up on the connection from the civilian name, only because Blizzard was a regular (and somewhat integral) member of one of the iterations of the Thunderbolts in the early 00s.
I was likewise confused by the show making a present-day character Deathlok since the only version I knew of was Luther Manning from a post-apocalyptic future.
There's actually been a few post-Manning Deathloks - one in the early 90s that I know from the trading cards of the time, who had his own series at a time when nearly every character at Marvel had their own series, and I think another one was part of the short-lived "M-Tech" line in the 90s (which also saw the New Mutants Warlock get his own series for awhile), and more recently, there was a Deathlok that hanging around the Wolverine-led X-Force for awhile.
All of which is to say that while I don't know much more about of those iterations of the character than what I just wrote, the show is probably safe just using the name and general concept (cybernetics replacing/reviving dead tissue) however they like since there's so many iterations of the character these days.
Blam February 25, 2014 at 11:59 PM
@Teebore: // I picked up on the connection from the civilian name, only because Blizzard was a regular (and somewhat integral) member of one of the iterations of the Thunderbolts in the early 00s. //
Ah. I'm pretty sure I made all the way through Busiek's run but I know I was out by then.
@Teebore: // There's actually been a few post-Manning Deathloks //
Yeah, I found that out with some quick Wikipedia'ing (if that isn't a redundancy) and it jogged my memory about M-Tech at least. I've always thought it was strange when features set in the future have present-day precursors retroactively established — Deathlok, the Legion/LEGION at DC, some group called the Guardians of the Galaxy…
X-amining Incredible Hulk #340
The Walking Dead 4x11: Claimed
How I Met Your Mother 9x18: Rally
X-aminations in March
To Better Know a Hero: Jean Grey
The Walking Dead 4x10: Inmates
The Walking Dead 4x09: After
How I Met Your Mother 9x17: Sunrise
Saturday Night Live: Melissa McCarthy & Imagine Dr...
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The Review Geek
Film, TV Show, Music and Video Game Reviews
Halloween (Film Franchise) Timeline
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Stephen King’s Adapted Works Timeline
The Exorcist Season 2 Review
Dec 12 Dec 12 Greg Wheeler
Safe As Houses
There But for the Grace of God, Go I
Darling Nikki
A Heaven Of Hell
Ritual & Repetition
After the surprise success of the first season, it was always going to be tough for The Exorcist to maintain that momentum going into the second season. With a new contained story encapsulating the 10 episodes and a continuation of the over-arching plot featuring demons taking control of the Vatican from last year, the second season picks up where it left off and despite a slow start, solidifies its place as one of the finest horror shows out right now.
The story begins several months after the events at the end of the first season. Father Tomas (Alfonso Herrera) is working as an apprentice exorcist to Marcus (Ben Daniels) and his frustration at not being able to use his gift causes an uneasy rift to grow between the two. Alongside this tense character-driven subplot is a story featuring a family who’s being preyed upon by a powerful, ancient demon. The clever way these two stories stumble into one another along with the parallel plot continuing from last season with the Vatican work perfectly together, with just enough screen time given to the Vatican story to keep its presence relevant. The stand-alone story this year is arguably stronger than it was in the first season and some of this is thanks to the likeable characters who are well written and feature realistic dialogue. There’s hints of mystery running through a few episodes too as the demon’s presence begins to manifest and the growing tension this causes helps to elevate the horror.
Much like last year, there’s a deep understanding in The Exorcist that true horror doesn’t manifest itself in jump scares every 5 minutes. The dread-inducing, methodically paced horror on display here helps the show stand head and shoulders above other horrors with the lack of blood or jump scares some of the reason the show works as well as it does. Its worth mentioning that the acting certainly helps achieve this; the various humans possessed believably depict a demon wrestling for control from its human host to perfection.
In terms of technicality, there isn’t anything inherently special about The Exorcist. For much of the 10 episodes the dimly lit, tense atmosphere manages to maintain an air of uneasiness and fear but the static camera angles and standard lighting for this genre aren’t anything out of the ordinary. Late on there are some psychedelically induced scenes, along with a clever use of editing to distort time, that do a good job of shaking things up from the standardised nature of horror depicted through much of this season.
Thankfully, the second season of The Exorcist manages to maintain the same level of excellence that runs through the first. The absorbing plot lines work harmoniously together and the various subplots that crop up through the 10 episodes never deviate from the horror that remains an ever-growing presence throughout. The climactic ending does understandably lose some of the tension that suffocates this season with its explosive ending but the finale does do a good job of wrapping up the contained story-line in a satisfying and shocking manner. With unresolved plot threads and whispers of a third season on the horizon, it remains to be seen if this horror can sustain such high standards in the future but based on this showing, its certainly an intriguing prospect and one this reviewer is very much looking forward to.
Verdict - 9/10
Posted in Drama, horror, thriller, TV ShowsTagged 20th Century Fox Television, Alan Ruck, Alfonso Herrera, Ben Daniels, Brianna Hildebrand, Brianne Howey, Cyrus Arnold, drama, Hannah Kasulka, horror, John Cho, Kirsten Fitzgerald, Kurt Egyiawan, Morgan Creek Productions, Mouzam Makkar, New Neighborhood, Robert Emmet Lunney, thriller
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TRIPLE DEATH HORROR
Newry deaths – Colombian woman and teenage girl at centre of double murder-suicide probe pictured as Giselle Marimon-Herrera and Allison
Police were confronted by the grim scene of three dead bodies at Glin Ree Court in Newry yesterday morning
Lauren Kelly
A MUM and daughter at the centre of a double murder suicide probe have been named.
Giselle Marimon-Herrera, 37, and Allison, 15, were found by the PSNI at Glin Ree Court in Newry, Co Down at 11am.
Giselle and Allison were found dead in Newry yesterdayCredit: Pacemaker Press
The Colombian woman, teen and a man who lived in the same block had been missing for three days before cops broke down the door.
Police were confronted by the grim scene of three dead bodies. At first it wasn't clear if a killer was on the loose.
The dead woman's sister had contacted police after flying to Northern Ireland to catch up with her loved ones.
PSNI detectives have said they were not seeking anyone in connection the triple tragedy at Glin Ree Court.
Detective Superintendent Jason Murphy speaks to the media at the sceneCredit: Pacemaker Press
They confirmed the identity of the mum and daughter this afternoon.
Sharing an image, they said: "We can confirm that the two females who were found dead at their Glin Ree Court apartment home on Thursday were Giselle Marimon-Herrera, 37, and her 15 year old daughter Allison."
Detective Superintendent Jason Murphy said yesterday: "At about 11am this morning police received a call from a concerned member of a family, worried that they hadn't been in contact with a member of the family for a number of days.
"Police officers have responded to a flat at Glin Ree Court in Newry, forced entry to the flat and found inside the bodies of three people."
He added: "At this stage I do not believe anybody else is involved in the deaths of those three individuals. I am not currently seeking anybody else in connection with their deaths."
One line of inquiry is that all three died after a dispute between the parties, who were neighbours.
A local source said: "The man didn't live in that apartment but in a neighbouring apartment.
"There's a mixed bunch living there, all different nationalities but I think the man who died is originally from Scotland.
"The woman and girl had been living here for about a year.
Police said they are not looking for anyone else in connection with the tragedyCredit: PA:Press Association
"She was at a local school and I think the mother had a job somewhere in the town."
The circumstances of the deaths will now be subject to investigation and post-mortem examinations will take place in due course.
Detective Superintendent Murphy added: "It would not be appropriate to elaborate further on the circumstances as our inquiries are at an extremely early stage."
He said the cause of death was "as yet undefined" and that he was "not satisfied" with the deaths being defined as violent "at this stage".
The murder scene, close to a main road, was sealed off across the day causing knock-on traffic disruption across Newry.
Forensic teams at the scene in Newry yesterdayCredit: Pacemaker Press
Terrible news breaking.
This community is in shock and a dark cloud hangs over Newry this afternoon.
It’s my understanding three people have lost their lives. Police are describing those deaths as suspicious.
My thoughts and prayers are with the families of the deceased. pic.twitter.com/YXtLhIjZlg
— Justin McNulty (@JustinMcNu1ty) March 7, 2019
A number of local people arrived to lay flowers at the police cordon, off the main Belfast Road and close to the city centre.
UUP councillor David Taylor also said there is "understandably great shock within the local community".
He added that he is "extremely saddened to hear of the tragic news" and that his "thoughts and prayers are with the family members of the deceased at this time".
SDLP MLA for Newry and Armagh Justin McNulty said: "This shocking news has truly cast a dark cloud over our city. My thoughts and prayers are with the family and close friends of the deceased."
Party Councillor Michael Savage added: "We believe a very tragic story is unfolding here. This news has sent shock waves across our city and has left many local people unnerved."
Local Sinn Fein Councillor Charlie Casey said his "thoughts and sympathies are with all of those involved in this incident and their families".
He added: "I would encourage anyone with information on this incident to bring it forward to the PSNI."
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Home > Health Library > Adult Central Nervous System Tumors Treatment (PDQ®): Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI]
Adult Central Nervous System Tumors Treatment (PDQ®): Treatment - Health Professional Information [NCI]
General Information About Adult Central Nervous System (CNS) Tumors
Brain tumors account for 85% to 90% of all primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors.[1] Estimated new cases and deaths from brain tumors and other nervous system tumors in the United States in 2019:[2]
Available registry data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database for 2011 indicate that the combined incidence of primary invasive CNS tumors in the United States is 6.4 per 100,000 persons per year, with an estimated mortality of 4.3 per 100,000 persons per year.[3] Worldwide, approximately 256,213 new cases of brain and other CNS tumors were diagnosed in the year 2012, with an estimated 189,382 deaths.[4]
In general, the incidence of primary CNS tumors is higher in whites than in blacks, and mortality is higher in males than in females.[1]
Primary brain tumors include the following in decreasing order of frequency:[1]
Anaplastic astrocytomas and glioblastomas (38% of primary brain tumors).
Meningiomas and other mesenchymal tumors (27% of primary brain tumors).
Pituitary tumors.
Schwannomas.
CNS lymphomas.
Oligodendrogliomas.
Ependymomas.
Low-grade astrocytomas.
Medulloblastomas.
Primary spinal tumors include the following in decreasing order of frequency:
Schwannomas, meningiomas, and ependymomas (79% of primary spinal tumors).
Sarcomas.
Astrocytomas.
Vascular tumors.
Chordomas.
Primary brain tumors rarely spread to other areas of the body, but they can spread to other parts of the brain and to the spinal axis.
Anatomy of the inside of the brain. The supratentorium contains the cerebrum, ventricles (with cerebrospinal fluid shown in blue), choroid plexus, hypothalamus, pineal gland, pituitary gland, and optic nerve. The infratentorium contains the cerebellum and brain stem.
Few definitive observations have been made about environmental or occupational causes of primary CNS tumors.[1]
The following potential risk factors have been considered:
Exposure to vinyl chloride may be a risk factor for glioma.
Epstein-Barr virus infection has been implicated in the etiology of primary CNS lymphoma.
Transplant recipients and patients with AIDS have a substantially increased risk of primary CNS lymphoma.[1,5] (Refer to the PDQ summary on Primary CNS Lymphoma Treatment for more information.)
The familial tumor syndromes and related chromosomal abnormalities that are associated with CNS neoplasms include the following:[6,7]
Neurofibromatosis type I (17q11).
Neurofibromatosis type II (22q12).
von Hippel-Lindau disease (3p25-26).
Tuberous sclerosis (9q34, 16p13).
Li-Fraumeni syndrome (17p13).
Turcot syndrome type 1 (3p21, 7p22).
Turcot syndrome type 2 (5q21).
Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (9q22.3).
The clinical presentation of various brain tumors is best appreciated by considering the relationship of signs and symptoms to anatomy.[1]
General signs and symptoms include the following:
Seizures.
Visual changes.
Gastrointestinal symptoms such as loss of appetite, nausea, and vomiting.
Changes in personality, mood, mental capacity, and concentration.
Seizures are a presenting symptom in approximately 20% of patients with supratentorial brain tumors and may antedate the clinical diagnosis by months to years in patients with slow-growing tumors. Among all patients with brain tumors, 70% with primary parenchymal tumors and 40% with metastatic brain tumors develop seizures at some time during the clinical course.[8]
All brain tumors, whether primary, metastatic, malignant, or benign, must be differentiated from other space-occupying lesions that can have similar clinical presentations, such as abscesses, arteriovenous malformations, and infarctions.[9]
Imaging tests
Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have complementary roles in the diagnosis of CNS neoplasms.[1,9,10]
The speed of CT is desirable for evaluating clinically unstable patients. CT is superior for detecting calcifications, skull lesions, and hyperacute hemorrhages (bleeding less than 24 hours old) and helps direct differential diagnosis and immediate management.
MRI has superior soft-tissue resolution. MRI can better detect isodense lesions, tumor enhancements, and associated findings such as edema, all phases of hemorrhagic states (except hyperacute), and infarctions. High-quality MRI is the diagnostic study of choice in the evaluation of intramedullary and extramedullary spinal cord lesions.[1]
In posttherapy imaging, single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) may be useful in differentiating tumor recurrence from radiation necrosis.[9]
Biopsy confirmation to corroborate the suspected diagnosis of a primary brain tumor is critical, whether before surgery by needle biopsy or at the time of surgical resection. Cases in which the clinical and radiologic picture clearly point to a benign tumor, which could potentially be managed with active surveillance without biopsy or treatment, are the exception. For other cases, radiologic patterns may be misleading, and a definitive biopsy is needed to rule out other causes of space-occupying lesions, such as metastatic cancer or infection.
CT- or MRI-guided stereotactic techniques can be used to place a needle safely and accurately into almost all locations in the brain.
Prognostic Factors
Several genetic alterations have emerged in recent years as powerful prognostic factors in diffuse glioma (astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, mixed glioma, and glioblastoma), and these alterations may guide patient management. Specific alterations include the following:
DNA methylation of the O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) gene promoter.
Mutation of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1 (IDH1) or IDH2 genes.
Codeletion of chromosomes 1p and 19q.
Other prognostic factors that confer poor prognosis include the following:[11,12]
Age older than 40 years.
Progressive disease.
Tumor size larger than 5 cm.
Tumor crossing the midline.
Contrast enhancement on MRI.
World Health Organization performance status (≥1).
Neurological symptoms.
Less than a gross total resection.
In an exploratory analysis of 318 patients with low-grade glioma treated with either radiation therapy alone or temozolomide chemotherapy alone, a combination of these prognostic factors demonstrated the following:[11]
Longer progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with an IDH mutation without codeletion of 1p/19q when treated with radiation therapy (hazard ratio, 1.86; 95% confidence interval, 1.21–2.87; log-rank, P = .0043).
No significant treatment-dependent differences in PFS for patients with an IDH mutation with codeletion of 1p/19q and IDH wild-type tumors.
Patients with wild-type IDH tumors had the worst prognosis independent of treatment type.
Patients with IDH-mutated tumors with codeletion of 1p/19q had the best prognosis.
The O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter status in low-grade tumors was methylated in:
All IDH mutations with codeletion of 1p/19q (45/45).
Most, but not all (86%, 62/72), of the IDH mutations without codeletion of 1p/19q.
Fifty-six percent (5/9) of the IDH wild-type cases.
(Refer to the Treatment of Primary Central Nervous System Tumors by Tumor Type section of this summary for more information.)
Refer to the following PDQ summaries for more information:
Primary CNS Lymphoma Treatment.
Childhood Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors Treatment Overview (treatment of brain tumors in children).
Mehta M, Vogelbaum MA, Chang S, et al.: Neoplasms of the central nervous system. In: DeVita VT Jr, Lawrence TS, Rosenberg SA: Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology. 9th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2011, pp 1700-49.
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Schabet M: Epidemiology of primary CNS lymphoma. J Neurooncol 43 (3): 199-201, 1999.
Behin A, Hoang-Xuan K, Carpentier AF, et al.: Primary brain tumours in adults. Lancet 361 (9354): 323-31, 2003.
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Cloughesy T, Selch MT, Liau L: Brain. In: Haskell CM: Cancer Treatment. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders Co, 2001, pp 1106-42.
Hutter A, Schwetye KE, Bierhals AJ, et al.: Brain neoplasms: epidemiology, diagnosis, and prospects for cost-effective imaging. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 13 (2): 237-50, x-xi, 2003.
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Baumert BG, Hegi ME, van den Bent MJ, et al.: Temozolomide chemotherapy versus radiotherapy in high-risk low-grade glioma (EORTC 22033-26033): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 intergroup study. Lancet Oncol 17 (11): 1521-1532, 2016.
Reijneveld JC, Taphoorn MJ, Coens C, et al.: Health-related quality of life in patients with high-risk low-grade glioma (EORTC 22033-26033): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 intergroup study. Lancet Oncol 17 (11): 1533-1542, 2016.
World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Adult Primary CNS Tumors
This classification is based on the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of central nervous system (CNS) tumors.[1] The WHO approach incorporates and interrelates morphology, cytogenetics, molecular genetics, and immunologic markers in an attempt to construct a cellular classification that is universally applicable and prognostically valid. Earlier attempts to develop a TNM-based classification were dropped for the following reasons:[2]
Tumor size (T) is less relevant than are tumor histology and location.
Nodal status (N) does not apply because the brain and spinal cord have no lymphatics.
Metastatic spread (M) rarely applies because most patients with CNS neoplasms do not live long enough to develop metastatic disease.
The WHO grading of CNS tumors establishes a malignancy scale based on histologic features of the tumor.[3] The histologic grades are as follows:
WHO grade I includes lesions with low proliferative potential, a frequently discrete nature, and the possibility of cure following surgical resection alone.
WHO grade II includes lesions that are generally infiltrating and low in mitotic activity but recur more frequently than do grade I malignant tumors after local therapy. Some tumor types tend to progress to higher grades of malignancy.
WHO grade III includes lesions with histologic evidence of malignancy, including nuclear atypia and increased mitotic activity. These lesions have anaplastic histology and infiltrative capacity. They are usually treated with aggressive adjuvant therapy.
WHO grade IV includes lesions that are mitotically active, necrosis prone, and generally associated with a rapid preoperative and postoperative progression and fatal outcomes. The lesions are usually treated with aggressive adjuvant therapy.
Table 1 lists the tumor types and grades.[4] Tumors limited to the peripheral nervous system are not included. Histopathology, grading methods, incidence, and what is known about etiology specific to each tumor type have been described in detail elsewhere.[4,5]
Table 1. WHO Grades of CNS Tumorsa
a Reprinted with permission from Louis, DN, Ohgaki H, Wiestler, OD, Cavenee, WK.World Health Organization Classification of Tumours of the Central Nervous System. IARC, Lyon, 2007.
Astrocytic tumors
Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma X
Pilocytic astrocytoma X
Pilomyxoid astrocytoma X
Diffuse astrocytoma X
Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma X
Anaplastic astrocytoma X
Glioblastoma X
Giant cell glioblastoma X
Gliosarcoma X
Oligodendroglial tumors
Oligodendroglioma X
Anaplastic oligodendroglioma X
Oligoastrocytic tumors
Oligoastrocytoma X
Anaplastic oligoastrocytoma X
Ependymal tumors
Subependymoma X
Myxopapillary ependymoma X
Ependymoma X
Anaplastic ependymoma X
Choroid plexus tumors
Choroid plexus papilloma X
Atypical choroid plexus papilloma X
Choroid plexus carcinoma X
Other neuroepithelial tumors
Angiocentric glioma X
Chordoid glioma of the third ventricle X
Neuronal and mixed neuronal-glial tumors
Gangliocytoma X
Ganglioglioma X
Anaplastic ganglioma X
Desmoplastic infantile astrocytoma and ganglioglioma X
Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor X
Central neurocytoma X
Extraventricular neurocytoma X
Cerebellar liponeurocytoma X
Paraganglioma of the spinal cord X
Papillary glioneuronal tumor X
Rosette-forming glioneural tumor of the fourth ventricle X
Pineal tumors
Pineocytoma X
Pineal parenchymal tumor of intermediate differentiation X X
Pineoblastoma X
Papillary tumor of the pineal region X X
Embryonal tumors
Medulloblastoma X
CNS primitive neuroectodermal tumor X
Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor X
Tumors of the cranial and paraspinal nerves
Schwannoma X
Neurofibroma X
Perineurioma X X X
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor X X X
Meningeal tumors
Meningioma X
Atypical meningioma X
Anaplastic/malignant meningioma X
Hemangiopericytoma X
Anaplastic hemangiopericytoma X
Hemangioblastoma X
Tumors of the sellar region
Craniopharyngioma X
Granular cell tumor of the neurohypophysis X
Pituicytoma X
Spindle cell oncocytoma of the adenohypophysis X
Genomic Alterations
Recently discovered alterations in the BRAF and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1 and IDH2 genes, and genomic 1p/19q codeletion, appear to be hallmark aberrations in particular glioma subtypes. Assessment for the presence of these mutations aids diagnosis and prognosis and, with regard to 1p/19q codeletion, predicts for response to chemotherapy.
In pilocytic astrocytomas (WHO grade I), tandem duplication at 7q34 leading to a fusion between KIAA1549 and BRAF is found in approximately 70% of pilocytic astrocytomas.[6,7,8] An activating point mutation in BRAF (V600E) is found in an additional 5% to 9% of these tumors and in general, RAF alterations occur in approximately 80% of pilocytic astrocytomas.
BRAF V600E mutations are observed (in about 60%) of other benign glioma variants, including pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma and ganglioglioma, while BRAF tandem duplications are not found in these variant glioma tumors.[9,10,11]
The majority of WHO grade II and III diffuse gliomas (astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas, and oligoastrocytomas) and 5% to 10% of glioblastomas (WHO grade IV) harbor point mutations in the R132 position of (IDH1) or, rarely, the analogous codon in IDH2 (R172).[12,13,14,15,16] The presence of an IDH1 or IDH2 mutation is a strong prognostic factor. Patients with these mutant tumors have significantly longer survival independent of WHO grade or histologic subtype.
Deletion of chromosomes 1p and 19q occurs through a translocation event [17] and is common in oligodendrogliomas. 1p/19q codeletion is a powerful prognostic factor and may predict for response to chemotherapy. (Refer to the Anaplastic oligodendrogliomas treatment section of this summary for more information.)
These genetic alterations have potential diagnostic utility. Presence of the IDH1 and IDH2 mutations may distinguish diffuse gliomas from other glioma variants, which often have BRAF genetic alterations, and non-neoplastic reactive astrocytosis.[18] Most (90%) IDH mutations in gliomas result in an R132H substitution, which can be detected with a highly sensitive and specific monoclonal antibody. A rapid immunohistochemical analysis using the mutant-specific IDH1 antibody can aid diagnostic analysis.[19]
Other CNS tumors are associated with characteristic patterns of altered oncogenes, altered tumor suppressor genes, and chromosomal abnormalities. Familial tumor syndromes with defined chromosomal abnormalities are associated with gliomas.
Brain and Spinal Cord. In: Amin MB, Edge SB, Greene FL, et al., eds.: AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. 8th ed. New York, NY: Springer, 2017, pp. 857–69.
Kleihues P, Burger PC, Scheithauer BW: The new WHO classification of brain tumours. Brain Pathol 3 (3): 255-68, 1993.
Louis DN, Ohgaki H, Wiestler OD, et al.: The 2007 WHO classification of tumours of the central nervous system. Acta Neuropathol 114 (2): 97-109, 2007.
Louis DN, Ohgaki H, Wiestler OD, et al., eds.: WHO Classification of Tumours of the Central Nervous System. 4th ed. Lyon, France: IARC Press, 2007.
Sievert AJ, Jackson EM, Gai X, et al.: Duplication of 7q34 in pediatric low-grade astrocytomas detected by high-density single-nucleotide polymorphism-based genotype arrays results in a novel BRAF fusion gene. Brain Pathol 19 (3): 449-58, 2009.
Pfister S, Janzarik WG, Remke M, et al.: BRAF gene duplication constitutes a mechanism of MAPK pathway activation in low-grade astrocytomas. J Clin Invest 118 (5): 1739-49, 2008.
Jones DT, Kocialkowski S, Liu L, et al.: Tandem duplication producing a novel oncogenic BRAF fusion gene defines the majority of pilocytic astrocytomas. Cancer Res 68 (21): 8673-7, 2008.
Dias-Santagata D, Lam Q, Vernovsky K, et al.: BRAF V600E mutations are common in pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma: diagnostic and therapeutic implications. PLoS One 6 (3): e17948, 2011.
MacConaill LE, Campbell CD, Kehoe SM, et al.: Profiling critical cancer gene mutations in clinical tumor samples. PLoS One 4 (11): e7887, 2009.
Parsons DW, Jones S, Zhang X, et al.: An integrated genomic analysis of human glioblastoma multiforme. Science 321 (5897): 1807-12, 2008.
Yan H, Parsons DW, Jin G, et al.: IDH1 and IDH2 mutations in gliomas. N Engl J Med 360 (8): 765-73, 2009.
Dubbink HJ, Taal W, van Marion R, et al.: IDH1 mutations in low-grade astrocytomas predict survival but not response to temozolomide. Neurology 73 (21): 1792-5, 2009.
Sanson M, Marie Y, Paris S, et al.: Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 codon 132 mutation is an important prognostic biomarker in gliomas. J Clin Oncol 27 (25): 4150-4, 2009.
Hartmann C, Hentschel B, Wick W, et al.: Patients with IDH1 wild type anaplastic astrocytomas exhibit worse prognosis than IDH1-mutated glioblastomas, and IDH1 mutation status accounts for the unfavorable prognostic effect of higher age: implications for classification of gliomas. Acta Neuropathol 120 (6): 707-18, 2010.
Hartmann C, Meyer J, Balss J, et al.: Type and frequency of IDH1 and IDH2 mutations are related to astrocytic and oligodendroglial differentiation and age: a study of 1,010 diffuse gliomas. Acta Neuropathol 118 (4): 469-74, 2009.
Jenkins RB, Blair H, Ballman KV, et al.: A t(1;19)(q10;p10) mediates the combined deletions of 1p and 19q and predicts a better prognosis of patients with oligodendroglioma. Cancer Res 66 (20): 9852-61, 2006.
Camelo-Piragua S, Jansen M, Ganguly A, et al.: A sensitive and specific diagnostic panel to distinguish diffuse astrocytoma from astrocytosis: chromosome 7 gain with mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and p53. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 70 (2): 110-5, 2011.
Capper D, Weissert S, Balss J, et al.: Characterization of R132H mutation-specific IDH1 antibody binding in brain tumors. Brain Pathol 20 (1): 245-54, 2010.
Treatment Option Overview for Adult Primary CNS Tumors
Primary CNS Tumors
This section discusses general treatment modalities for primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors. (Refer to the Treatment of Primary Central Nervous System Tumors by Tumor Type section of this summary for a description of specific treatment options for each tumor type.)
Radiation therapy and chemotherapy options vary according to histology and anatomic site of the CNS tumor. For glioblastoma, combined modality therapy with resection, radiation, and chemotherapy is standard. Anaplastic astrocytomas, anaplastic oligodendrogliomas, and anaplastic oligoastrocytomas represent only a small proportion of CNS gliomas; therefore, phase III randomized trials restricted to these tumor types are not generally practical. The natural histories of these tumors are variable, depending on histological and molecular factors; therefore, treatment guidelines are evolving. Therapy involving surgically implanted carmustine-impregnated polymer wafers combined with postoperative external-beam radiation therapy (EBRT) may play a role in the treatment of high-grade (grades III and IV) gliomas in some patients.[1]
Standard treatment options for primary CNS tumors include the following:
Chemotherapy.
Active surveillance.
Supportive therapy.
For most types of CNS tumors in most locations, complete or near-complete surgical removal is generally attempted, within the constraints of preserving neurologic function and the patient's underlying health. This practice is based on observational evidence that survival is better in patients who undergo tumor resection than in those who have closed biopsy alone.[2,3] The benefit of resection has not been tested in randomized trials. Selection bias can enter into observational studies despite attempts to adjust for patient differences that guide the decision to resect the tumor; therefore, the actual difference in outcome between radical surgery and biopsy alone may not be as large as noted in the retrospective studies.[3]
An exception to the use of resection is the case of deep-seated tumors such as pontine gliomas, which are diagnosed on clinical evidence and treated without initial surgery approximately 50% of the time. In most cases, however, diagnosis by biopsy is preferred. Stereotactic biopsy can be used for lesions that are difficult to reach and resect.
The primary goals of surgical resection include the following:[4]
To establish a histologic diagnosis.
To reduce intracranial pressure by removing as much tumor as is safely possible to preserve neurological function.
Total elimination of primary malignant intraparenchymal tumors by surgery alone is rarely achievable. Therefore, intraoperative techniques have been developed to reach a balance between removing as much tumor as is practical and preserving functional status. For example, craniotomies with stereotactic resections of primary gliomas can be performed in cooperative patients while they are awake, with real-time assessment of neurologic function.[5] Examples of intraoperative neurologic assessment include the following:
Resection proceeds until either the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal abnormality being used to monitor the extent of surgery is completely removed or subtle neurologic dysfunction appears (e.g., a slight decrease in rapid alternating motor movement or anomia).
When the tumor is located in or near language centers in the cortex, intraoperative language mapping can be performed by electrode discharge-induced speech arrest while the patient is asked to count or read.[6]
As is the case with several other specialized operations [7,8] in which postoperative mortality has been associated with the number of procedures performed, postoperative mortality after surgery for primary brain tumors may be associated with hospital and/or surgeon volume.[9] Using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample hospital discharge database for the years 1988 to 2000, which represented 20% of inpatient admissions to nonfederal U.S. hospitals, investigators observed the following:[9]
Large-volume hospitals had lower in-hospital mortality rates after craniotomies for primary brain tumors (odds ratio [OR], 0.75 for a tenfold higher caseload; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.62–0.90) and after needle biopsies (OR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.35–0.83).
Although there was no specific sharp threshold in all-cause mortality outcomes between low-volume hospitals and high-volume hospitals, craniotomy-associated in-hospital mortality was 4.5% for hospitals with 5 or fewer procedures per year and 1.5% for hospitals with at least 42 procedures per year.
In-hospital mortality rates decreased over the study years (perhaps because the proportion of elective nonemergent operations increased from 45% to 57%), but the decrease was more rapid in high-volume hospitals than in low-volume hospitals.
High-volume surgeons had lower in-hospital patient mortality rates after craniotomy (OR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.45–0.79).
As with any study of volume-outcome associations, these results may not be causal because of residual confounding factors such as referral patterns, private insurance, and patient selection, despite multivariable adjustment.
High-grade tumors
Radiation therapy has a major role in the treatment of patients with high-grade gliomas.
Evidence (postoperative radiation therapy [PORT]):
A systematic review and meta-analysis of five randomized trials (plus one trial with allocation by birth date) comparing PORT with no radiation therapy showed a statistically significant survival advantage with radiation (risk ratio, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.74–0.88).[10][Level of evidence: 1iiA]
A randomized trial comparing 60 Gy (in 30 fractions over 6 weeks) with 45 Gy (in 25 fractions over 4 weeks) showed superior survival in the first group (12 months vs. 9 months median survival; hazard ratio [HR], 0.81; 95% CI, 0.66–0.99). The accepted standard dose of EBRT for malignant gliomas is 60 Gy.[11][Level of evidence: 1iiA]
EBRT using either 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) or intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) is considered an acceptable technique in radiation therapy delivery. Typically used are 2- to 3-cm margins on the MRI-based volumes (T1-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery [FLAIR]) to create the planning target volume.
Dose escalation using radiosurgery has not improved outcomes. A randomized trial tested radiosurgery as a boost added to standard EBRT, but the trial found no improvement in survival, quality of life, or patterns of relapse compared with EBRT without the boost.[12,13]
Brachytherapy has been used to deliver high doses of radiation locally to the tumor while sparing normal brain tissue. However, this approach is technically demanding and has fallen out of favor with the advent of 3D-CRT and IMRT.
Low-grade tumors
Treatment options for patients with low-grade gliomas (i.e., low-grade astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas, and mixed oligoastrocytomas) are not as clear as in the case of high-grade tumors and include observation, PORT, and chemotherapy with temozolomide.
Evidence (PORT versus observation):
The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) randomly assigned 311 patients with low-grade gliomas to undergo either radiation or observation in the EORTC-22845 (MRC BR04) trial.[14,15] On review of central pathology, about 25% of patients in the trial were reported to have high-grade tumors. Most of the control patients received radiation therapy at the time of progression.
After a median follow-up of 93 months, median progression-free survival (PFS) was 5.3 years in the radiation arm versus 3.4 years in the control arm (HR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.45–0.77).[14,15][Level of evidence: 1iiDiii]
There was no difference in the overall survival (OS) rate (median survival = 7.4 years in the radiation arm vs. 7.2 years in the control arm; HR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.71–1.34; P = .87).[14,15][Level of evidence: 1iiA] This was caused by a longer survival after progression in the control arm (3.4 years) than in the radiation arm (1.0 year) (P < .0001).
The investigators did not collect reliable quality-of-life measurements, so it is not clear whether the delay in initial relapse in the radiation therapy arm translated into improved function or quality of life.
Evidence (PORT versus temozolomide for patients with low-grade World Health Organization (WHO) grade II tumors with at least one high-risk feature):
The EORTC 22033-26033 [NCT00182819] trial randomly assigned 707 patients with low-grade glioma (WHO grade II astrocytoma, oligoastrocytoma, or oligodendroglioma) and at least one high-risk feature (age >40 years, progressive disease, tumor size >5 cm, tumor crossing the midline, or neurological symptoms) to receive either radiation therapy (n = 240) or temozolomide chemotherapy (n = 237). Radiation therapy consisted of conformal treatment (up to 50.4 Gy; 28 doses of 1.8 Gy daily, 5 days a week, for up to 6.5 weeks). Chemotherapy was dose-dense oral temozolomide (75 mg/m2 daily for 21 days, repeated every 28 days [one cycle], for a maximum of 12 cycles).[16,17]
There was no significant difference in PFS (primary endpoint) or health-related quality of life (HR-QOL) (secondary endpoint).
At a median follow-up of 48 months (intraquartile range [IQR], 31–56), median PFS was 39 months (95% CI, 35–44) in the temozolomide group and 46 months (95% CI, 40–56) in the radiation therapy group (unadjusted HR, 1.16; 95% CI, 0.9–1.5; P = .22).[16][Level of evidence: 1iiDiii]
An exploratory analysis of 318 molecularly defined patients found that patients with an isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH gene) mutation without codeletion of 1p/19q displayed a significantly longer PFS when treated with radiation therapy (HR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.21–2.87; log-rank, P = .0043).
There were no significant treatment-dependent differences in PFS for patients with IDH mutation with codeletion of 1p/19q and IDH wild-type tumors.
The O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter status was methylated in:
Disease progression, subsequent neoplasms, or recurrences
There are no randomized trials to delineate the role of repeat radiation after disease progression or the development of radiation-induced cancers. The literature is limited to small retrospective case series, which makes interpretation difficult.[18] The decision to repeat radiation must be made carefully because of the risk of neurocognitive deficits and radiation-induced necrosis. One advantage of radiosurgery is the ability to deliver therapeutic doses to recurrent tumors that may require the re-irradiation of previously irradiated brain tissue beyond tolerable dose limits.
For many years, the nitrosourea carmustine ([bis-chloroethylnitrosourea] BCNU) was the standard chemotherapy agent added to surgery and radiation therapy for malignant gliomas, based on the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group's (RTOG's) randomized trial (RTOG-8302).[19][Level of evidence: 1iiA] A modest impact on survival with the use of nitrosourea-containing chemotherapy regimens for malignant gliomas was confirmed in a patient-level meta-analysis of 12 randomized trials (combined HRdeath, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.78–0.91).[20]
A large multicenter trial (NCT00006353) of glioblastoma patients conducted by the EORTC-National Cancer Institute of Canada reported a survival advantage with the use of temozolomide in addition to radiation therapy.[21,22][Level of evidence: 1iiA] On the basis of these results, the oral agent temozolomide has replaced BCNU as the standard systemic chemotherapy for malignant gliomas. (Refer to the Glioblastomas treatment section of this summary for more information.)
Long-term results of randomized trials in high-risk, low-grade (WHO grade II) gliomas [23][Level of evidence: 1iiA] and anaplastic (WHO grade III) oligodendroglial tumors [24,25][Level of evidence: 1iiA] have demonstrated that the addition of procarbazine, lomustine (CCNU), and vincristine (PCV) chemotherapy to radiation therapy after surgery extends survival. Radiation and PCV chemotherapy should be considered for patients deemed appropriate for therapy. (Refer to the Treatment of Primary Central Nervous System Tumors by Tumor Type section of this summary for more information.)
Localized chemotherapy (carmustine wafer)
The concept of delivering high doses of chemotherapy while avoiding systemic toxicity is attractive because malignant glioma–related deaths are nearly always the result of an inability to control intracranial disease rather than the result of distant metastases. A biodegradable carmustine wafer has been developed for that purpose. The wafers contain 3.85% carmustine, and up to eight wafers are implanted into the tumor bed lining at the time of open resection, with an intended total dose of about 7.7 mg per wafer (61.6 mg maximum per patient) over a period of 2 to 3 weeks.
Two randomized, placebo-controlled trials of this focal drug-delivery method have shown an OS advantage associated with the carmustine wafers versus radiation therapy alone. In both trials, the upper age limit for patients was 65 years.
Evidence (carmustine wafer):
A small trial was closed because of a lack of continued availability of the carmustine wafers after 32 patients with high-grade gliomas had been entered.[26]
Although OS was better in the carmustine-wafer group (median 58.1 vs. 39.9 weeks; P = .012), there was an imbalance in the study arms (only 11 of 16 patients in the carmustine-wafer group vs. 16 of the 16 patients in the placebo-wafer group had grade IV glioblastoma tumors).
A multicenter study of 240 patients with primary malignant gliomas, 207 of whom had glioblastoma, was more informative.[27,28] At initial surgery, patients received either carmustine wafers or placebo wafers, followed by radiation therapy (55–60 Gy). Systemic therapy was not allowed until recurrence, except in the case of anaplastic oligodendrogliomas (n = 9). Unlike the initial trial, patient characteristics were well balanced between the study arms.
Median survival in the two groups was 13.8 months in patients treated with carmustine wafers versus 11.6 months in placebo-treated patients (HR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.56–0.96; P = .017).
A systematic review combining both studies [26,27,28] estimated an HR for overall mortality of 0.65; 95% CI, 0.48–0.86; P = .003.[29][Level of evidence: 1iA]
Active surveillance
Active surveillance is appropriate in some circumstances. With the increasing use of sensitive neuroimaging tools, detection of asymptomatic low-grade meningiomas has increased; most appear to show minimal growth and can often be safely observed, with therapy deferred until the detection of tumor growth or the development of symptoms.[30,31]
Supportive therapy
Dexamethasone, mannitol, and furosemide are used to treat the peritumoral edema associated with brain tumors. The use of anticonvulsants is mandatory for patients with seizures.[4]
Lallana EC, Abrey LE: Update on the therapeutic approaches to brain tumors. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 3 (5): 655-70, 2003.
Laws ER, Parney IF, Huang W, et al.: Survival following surgery and prognostic factors for recently diagnosed malignant glioma: data from the Glioma Outcomes Project. J Neurosurg 99 (3): 467-73, 2003.
Chang SM, Parney IF, Huang W, et al.: Patterns of care for adults with newly diagnosed malignant glioma. JAMA 293 (5): 557-64, 2005.
Meyer FB, Bates LM, Goerss SJ, et al.: Awake craniotomy for aggressive resection of primary gliomas located in eloquent brain. Mayo Clin Proc 76 (7): 677-87, 2001.
Sanai N, Mirzadeh Z, Berger MS: Functional outcome after language mapping for glioma resection. N Engl J Med 358 (1): 18-27, 2008.
Begg CB, Cramer LD, Hoskins WJ, et al.: Impact of hospital volume on operative mortality for major cancer surgery. JAMA 280 (20): 1747-51, 1998.
Birkmeyer JD, Finlayson EV, Birkmeyer CM: Volume standards for high-risk surgical procedures: potential benefits of the Leapfrog initiative. Surgery 130 (3): 415-22, 2001.
Barker FG, Curry WT, Carter BS: Surgery for primary supratentorial brain tumors in the United States, 1988 to 2000: the effect of provider caseload and centralization of care. Neuro Oncol 7 (1): 49-63, 2005.
Laperriere N, Zuraw L, Cairncross G, et al.: Radiotherapy for newly diagnosed malignant glioma in adults: a systematic review. Radiother Oncol 64 (3): 259-73, 2002.
Bleehen NM, Stenning SP: A Medical Research Council trial of two radiotherapy doses in the treatment of grades 3 and 4 astrocytoma. The Medical Research Council Brain Tumour Working Party. Br J Cancer 64 (4): 769-74, 1991.
Tsao MN, Mehta MP, Whelan TJ, et al.: The American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (ASTRO) evidence-based review of the role of radiosurgery for malignant glioma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 63 (1): 47-55, 2005.
Souhami L, Seiferheld W, Brachman D, et al.: Randomized comparison of stereotactic radiosurgery followed by conventional radiotherapy with carmustine to conventional radiotherapy with carmustine for patients with glioblastoma multiforme: report of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 93-05 protocol. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 60 (3): 853-60, 2004.
Karim AB, Afra D, Cornu P, et al.: Randomized trial on the efficacy of radiotherapy for cerebral low-grade glioma in the adult: European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Study 22845 with the Medical Research Council study BRO4: an interim analysis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 52 (2): 316-24, 2002.
van den Bent MJ, Afra D, de Witte O, et al.: Long-term efficacy of early versus delayed radiotherapy for low-grade astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma in adults: the EORTC 22845 randomised trial. Lancet 366 (9490): 985-90, 2005.
Paulino AC, Mai WY, Chintagumpala M, et al.: Radiation-induced malignant gliomas: is there a role for reirradiation? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 71 (5): 1381-7, 2008.
Walker MD, Green SB, Byar DP, et al.: Randomized comparisons of radiotherapy and nitrosoureas for the treatment of malignant glioma after surgery. N Engl J Med 303 (23): 1323-9, 1980.
Stewart LA: Chemotherapy in adult high-grade glioma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data from 12 randomised trials. Lancet 359 (9311): 1011-8, 2002.
Stupp R, Mason WP, van den Bent MJ, et al.: Radiotherapy plus concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide for glioblastoma. N Engl J Med 352 (10): 987-96, 2005.
Stupp R, Hegi ME, Mason WP, et al.: Effects of radiotherapy with concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide versus radiotherapy alone on survival in glioblastoma in a randomised phase III study: 5-year analysis of the EORTC-NCIC trial. Lancet Oncol 10 (5): 459-66, 2009.
Buckner JC, Pugh SL, Shaw EG, et al.: Phase III study of radiation therapy with or without procarbazine, CCNU, and vincristine (PCV) in low-grade glioma: RTOG 9802 with Alliance, ECOG, and SWOG. [Abstract] J Clin Oncol 32 (Suppl 5): A-2000, 2014.
van den Bent MJ, Brandes AA, Taphoorn MJ, et al.: Adjuvant procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine chemotherapy in newly diagnosed anaplastic oligodendroglioma: long-term follow-up of EORTC brain tumor group study 26951. J Clin Oncol 31 (3): 344-50, 2013.
Cairncross G, Wang M, Shaw E, et al.: Phase III trial of chemoradiotherapy for anaplastic oligodendroglioma: long-term results of RTOG 9402. J Clin Oncol 31 (3): 337-43, 2013.
Valtonen S, Timonen U, Toivanen P, et al.: Interstitial chemotherapy with carmustine-loaded polymers for high-grade gliomas: a randomized double-blind study. Neurosurgery 41 (1): 44-8; discussion 48-9, 1997.
Westphal M, Hilt DC, Bortey E, et al.: A phase 3 trial of local chemotherapy with biodegradable carmustine (BCNU) wafers (Gliadel wafers) in patients with primary malignant glioma. Neuro-oncol 5 (2): 79-88, 2003.
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Hart MG, Grant R, Garside R, et al.: Chemotherapeutic wafers for high grade glioma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (3): CD007294, 2008.
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Yano S, Kuratsu J; Kumamoto Brain Tumor Research Group: Indications for surgery in patients with asymptomatic meningiomas based on an extensive experience. J Neurosurg 105 (4): 538-43, 2006.
Treatment of Primary Central Nervous System Tumors by Tumor Type
Table 2. Treatment of Primary Central Nervous System Tumors by Tumor Type
Tumor Type
—Brain stem gliomas Radiation therapy
—Pineal astrocytic tumors Surgery plus radiation therapy
Surgery plus radiation therapy and chemotherapy for higher-grade tumors
—Pilocytic astrocytomas Surgery alone
Surgery followed by radiation therapy
—Diffuse astrocytomas (WHO grade II) Surgery with or without radiation therapy
Surgery followed by radiation therapy and chemotherapy
—Anaplastic astrocytomas (WHO grade III) Surgery plus radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy
Surgery plus chemotherapy
—Glioblastomas Surgery plus radiation therapy and chemotherapy
Surgery plus radiation therapy
Carmustine-impregnated polymer implant
Radiation therapy and concurrent chemotherapy
—Oligodendrogliomas Surgery with or without radiation therapy
Surgery with radiation therapy and chemotherapy
—Anaplastic oligodendrogliomas Surgery plus radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy
Mixed gliomas Surgery plus radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy
—Grades I and II ependymal tumors Surgery alone
—Anaplastic ependymoma Surgery plus radiation therapy
Embryonal cell tumors
—Medulloblastomas Surgery plus craniospinal radiation therapy
Pineal parenchymal tumors Surgery plus radiation therapy(for pineocytoma)
Surgery plus radiation therapy and chemotherapy(for pineoblastoma)
—Grade I meningiomas Active surveillance with deferred treatment
Stereotactic radiosurgery
Fractionated radiation therapy
—Grades II and III meningiomas and hemangiopericytomas Surgery plus radiation therapy
Germ cell tumors Depends on multiple factors
—Craniopharyngiomas Surgery alone
Debulking surgery plus radiation therapy
Astrocytic Tumors Treatment
Brain stem gliomas treatment
Patients with brain stem gliomas have relatively poor prognoses that correlate with histology (when biopsies are performed), location, and extent of tumor. The overall median survival time of patients in studies has been 44 to 74 weeks.
Standard treatment options for brain stem gliomas include the following:
Pineal astrocytic tumors treatment
Depending on the degree of anaplasia, patients with pineal astrocytomas have variable prognoses. Patients with higher-grade tumors have worse prognoses.
Standard treatment options for pineal astrocytic tumors include the following:
Surgery plus radiation therapy for pineal astrocytoma.
Surgery plus radiation therapy and chemotherapy for higher-grade tumors.
Pilocytic astrocytomas treatment
This astrocytic tumor is classified as a World Health Organization (WHO) grade I tumor and is often curable.
Standard treatment options for pilocytic astrocytomas include the following:
Surgery alone if the tumor is totally resectable.
Surgery followed by radiation therapy to known or suspected residual tumor.
Diffuse astrocytomas treatment
This WHO grade II astrocytic tumor is less often curable than is a pilocytic astrocytoma.
Standard treatment options for diffuse astrocytomas (WHO grade II) include the following:
Surgery with or without radiation therapy.
Surgery followed by radiation therapy and chemotherapy.
Controversy exists about the timing of radiation therapy after surgery. (Refer to Low-grade tumors in the Radiation therapy section of the Treatment Option Overview for Adult Central Nervous System Tumors Treatment section in this summary for more information.)
Radiation therapy improved progression-free survival (PFS) in patients who received early radiation therapy in the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) (EORTC-22845) trial. (Refer to Oligodendrogliomas treatment in the Oligodendroglial Tumors Treatment section of the Treatment of Primary Central Nervous System Tumors by Tumor Type section of this summary for more information.)[1][Level of evidence: 1iiA]
In the same trial, there was no difference in overall survival (OS) between patients who had radiation therapy after surgery and those who were treated with radiation therapy at the time of progression.[1][Level of evidence: 1iiA]
Some physicians use surgery alone if a patient has clinical factors that are considered low risk, such as age less than 40 years and the lack of contrast enhancement on a computed tomographic scan.[2]
Evidence (surgery followed by radiation therapy and chemotherapy):
For patients with low-grade (WHO grade II) tumors, which are considered high risk, radiation therapy followed by six cycles of vincristine (PCV) chemotherapy is a recommended option based on the long-term follow-up results of the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group's (RTOG's) 1986-initiated randomized trial (RTOG 9802 [NCT00003375]).[3][Level of evidence: 1iiA] In this trial, high-risk, low-grade glioma patients, defined as patients aged 18 to 39 years with biopsy or subtotal resection, or patients aged 40 years or older, were randomly assigned to either 54 Gy of radiation therapy or radiation therapy followed by six cycles of PCV chemotherapy.
The addition of PCV to radiation therapy increased median PFS from 4.0 years to 10.4 years (P = .002; hazard ratio [HR], 0.50) and median OS from 7.8 years to 13.3 years (P = .03; HR, 0.59).
Notably, the RTOG 9802 study enrolled patients with a variety of tumors, including astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas, and mixed oligoastrocytomas.
In a risk-adjusted multivariate analysis, patients treated with PCV and patients with an oligodendroglial histology had better survival outcomes. A subset analysis of histologic type suggested that the addition of PCV mainly benefited patients with oligodendroglial tumors, although this data is yet to be validated.[4]
Median OS for PCV versus the control arm was not reached versus 10.8 years for oligodendrogliomas (P = .008), 11.4 years versus 5.9 years for oligoastrocytomas (P = .05), and 7.7 years versus 4.4 years for astrocytomas (P = .31).
The discovery of the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1 and IDH2 mutations in diffuse gliomas has greatly helped to identify patients who are considered high risk. A number of large, retrospective studies has demonstrated that the IDH1 and IDH2 mutation is a powerful independent prognostic factor for improved survival.[5,6,7,8,9] The majority of WHO grade II and III gliomas harbor the IDH1 and IDH2 mutation,[6,10,11] and, therefore, the presence of the IDH1 and IDH2 mutation should be included in the assessment of high risk. Molecular correlative data from the RTOG 98-02 trial, which would be informative about which patients benefited the most from the addition of PCV, have not yet been reported.
Anaplastic astrocytomas treatment
Patients with anaplastic astrocytomas (WHO grade III) have a low cure rate with standard local treatment.
Standard treatment options for anaplastic astrocytomas include the following:
Surgery plus radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy.
Surgery plus chemotherapy.
A subset of anaplastic astrocytomas is aggressive; these tumors are frequently managed in the same way as glioblastomas, with surgery and radiation, and often with chemotherapy. However, the optimal treatment for these tumors is not established. Two phase III randomized trials restricted to patients with anaplastic gliomas (NCT00626990 and NCT00887146) are currently enrolling patients, but efficacy data are not available. It is not known whether the improved survival of patients with chemotherapy-treated glioblastoma can be extrapolated to patients with anaplastic astrocytomas.
The IDH1 and IDH2 mutation is present in 50% to 70% of anaplastic astrocytomas and is independently associated with significantly improved survival.[6,9] Assessment of the IDH1 and IDH2 mutation status may guide decisions about treatment options.
Evidence (surgery plus radiation therapy or chemotherapy):
Postoperative radiation alone has been compared with postoperative chemotherapy alone in patients with anaplastic gliomas (i.e., 144 astrocytomas, 91 oligoastrocytomas, and 39 oligodendrogliomas), with crossover to the other modality at the time of tumor progression. Of the 139 patients randomly assigned to undergo radiation therapy, 135 were randomly assigned to receive chemotherapy, with a 32-week course of either PCV or single-agent temozolomide (2:1:1 randomization).[12][Levels of evidence: 1iiA and 1iiD]
The order of the modalities did not affect time-to-treatment failure (TTF) or OS.
Neither TTF nor OS differed across the treatment arms.
Patients with anaplastic astrocytomas are appropriate candidates for clinical trials designed to improve local control by adding newer forms of treatment to standard treatment. Information about ongoing clinical trials is available from the NCI website.
Glioblastomas treatment
For patients with glioblastoma (WHO grade IV), the cure rate is very low with standard local treatment.
Methylation of the promoter of the O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) DNA repair enzyme gene is an independent prognostic factor for improved survival in newly diagnosed glioblastoma.[13,14]MGMT promoter methylation and concomitant inactivation of the DNA repair enzyme activities may also predict for response to temozolomide chemotherapy.[13] However, the clinical data that MGMT promoter methylation is a predictive marker is less certain. (Refer to Glioblastomas treatment in the Astrocytic Tumors Treatment section of the Treatment of Primary Central Nervous System Tumors by Tumor Type section of this summary for more information about the RTOG-0525 [NCT00304031] trial.)
Standard treatment options for patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma include the following:
Surgery plus radiation therapy and chemotherapy.
Surgery plus radiation therapy.
Carmustine-impregnated polymer implanted during initial surgery.
Radiation therapy and concurrent chemotherapy.
The standard treatment for patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma is surgery followed by concurrent radiation therapy and daily temozolomide, and then followed by six cycles of temozolomide. The addition of bevacizumab to radiation therapy and temozolomide did not improve OS.
Evidence (Surgery plus radiation therapy and chemotherapy):
Standard therapy is based on a large, multicenter, randomized trial (NCT00006353) conducted by the EORTC and National Cancer Institute of Canada (NCIC).This trial reported a survival benefit with concurrent radiation therapy and temozolomide, compared with radiation therapy alone.[15,16][Level of evidence: 1iiA] In this study, 573 patients with glioblastoma were randomly assigned to receive standard radiation to the tumor volume with a 2- to 3-cm margin (60 Gy, 2 Gy per fraction, over 6 weeks) alone or with temozolomide (75 mg/m2 orally per day during radiation therapy for up to 49 days, followed by a 4-week break and then up to six cycles of five daily doses every 28 days at a dose of 150 mg/m2, increasing to 200 mg/m2 after the first cycle).
OS was statistically significantly better in the combined radiation therapy–temozolomide group (HRdeath, 0.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.5–0.7; OS at 3 years was 16.0% for the radiation therapy–temozolomide group vs. 4.4% radiation therapy–alone group).
A companion molecular correlation subset study to the EORTC-NCIC trial provided strong evidence that epigenetic silencing of the MGMT DNA-repair gene by promoter DNA methylation was associated with increased OS in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma.[13]
MGMT promoter methylation was an independent favorable prognostic factor (P < .001 by the log-rank test; HR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.32–0.61).
The median OS for patients with MGMT methylation was 18.2 months (95% CI, 15.5–22.0), compared with 12.2 months (95% CI, 11.4–13.5) for patients without MGMT methylation.
To test whether protracted (dose-dense) temozolomide enhances treatment response in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma, a multicenter, randomized, phase III trial conducted by the RTOG, EORTC, and the North Central Cancer Therapy Group, RTOG 0525 (NCT00304031), compared standard adjuvant temozolomide treatment (days 1–5 of a 28-day cycle) with a dose-dense schedule (days 1–21 of a 28-day cycle). All patients were treated with surgery followed by radiation therapy and concurrent daily temozolomide. Patients were then randomly assigned to receive either standard adjuvant temozolomide or dose-dense temozolomide.[14][Level of evidence: 1iiA]
Among 833 randomly assigned patients, no statistically significant difference between standard and dose-dense temozolomide was observed for median OS (16.6 months for standard temozolomide vs. 14.9 months for dose-dense temozolomide; HR, 1.03; P = .63) or for median PFS (5.5 vs. 6.7 months; HR, 0.87; P = .06).
Protracted temozolomide, which depletes intracellular MGMT, was predicted to have greater efficacy in tumors with MGMT-promoter methylation. To test this retrospectively, MGMT status was determined in 86% of randomly assigned patients. No difference in efficacy was observed in either the MGMT-methylated or MGMT-unmethylated subsets. There was no survival advantage for the use of dose-dense temozolomide versus standard-dose temozolomide in newly diagnosed glioblastoma patients, regardless of MGMT status. However, this study confirmed the strong prognostic effect of MGMT methylation because the median OS was 21.2 months (95% CI, 17.9–24.8) for patients with methylation versus 14 months (HR, 1.74; 95% CI, 12.9–14.7; P < .001) for patients without methylation.
The efficacy of dose-dense temozolomide for patients who have recurrent glioblastoma, however, is yet to be determined.
Evidence (surgery and chemoradiation with or without bevacizumab):
In 2013, final data from two multicenter, phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of bevacizumab in patients who had newly diagnosed glioblastoma were reported: RTOG 0825 (NCT00884741) and the Roche-sponsored AVAglio (NCT00943826).[17,18][Level of evidence: 1iA] Bevacizumab did not improve OS in either trial.
There was significant crossover in both trials. Approximately 40% of RTOG 0825 patients and approximately 30% of AVAglio patients received bevacizumab at the first sign of disease progression.
RTOG 0825 (NCT00884741): Patients were randomly assigned to receive standard therapy (chemoradiation with temozolomide) or standard therapy plus bevacizumab. OS and PFS were coprimary endpoints.[17][Level of evidence: 1iA]
Bevacizumab did not improve OS (median OS was 16–17 months for each arm); however, it increased median PFS (10.7 months in the bevacizumab arm vs. 7.3 months in the placebo arm; HR, 0.79; P = .007).
The PFS result in the RTOG 0825 trial did not meet the prespecified significance level (P = .004).
AVAglio (NCT00943826): Patients were randomly assigned to receive standard therapy (chemoradiation with temozolomide) or standard therapy plus bevacizumab. OS and PFS were coprimary endpoints.[18][Level of evidence: 1iA]
Bevacizumab did not improve OS (median OS was 16–17 months for each arm); however, it increased median PFS (10.6 months in the bevacizumab arm vs. 6.2 months in the placebo arm; HR, 0.64; P < .0001).
The PFS result was statistically significant and associated with clinical benefit because bevacizumab-treated patients remained functionally independent longer (9.0 months in the bevacizumab arm vs. 6.0 months in the standard therapy arm) and had a longer time until their Karnofsky Performance status deteriorated (HR, 0.65; P < .0001).
Bevacizumab-treated patients also had delayed initiation of corticosteroids (12.3 months vs. 3.7 months; HR, 0.71; P = .002), and more patients were able to discontinue corticosteroids if they were already taking them (66% in the bevacizumab arm vs. 47% in the standard therapy arm).
The two trials had contradictory results in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and neurocognitive outcomes studies. In the mandatory HRQoL studies in the AVAglio trial, bevacizumab-treated patients experienced improved HRQoL, but bevacizumab-treated patients in the elective RTOG 0825 studies showed more decline in patient-reported HRQoL and neurocognitive function. The reasons for these discrepancies are unclear.
On the basis of these results, there is no definite evidence that the addition of bevacizumab to standard therapy is beneficial for all newly diagnosed glioblastoma patients. Certain subgroups may benefit from the addition of bevacizumab, but this is not yet known.
Glioblastoma patients are appropriate candidates for clinical trials designed to improve local control by adding newer forms of treatment to standard treatment. Information about ongoing clinical trials is available from the NCI website.
Oligodendroglial Tumors Treatment
Oligodendrogliomas treatment
Patients who have oligodendrogliomas (WHO grade II) generally have better prognoses than do patients who have diffuse astrocytomas. In particular, patients who have oligodendrogliomas with 1p/19q codeletion have a much longer survival.[3] Most of the oligodendrogliomas eventually progress.
Standard treatment options for oligodendrogliomas include the following:
Surgery with radiation therapy and chemotherapy.
Controversy exists concerning the timing of radiation therapy after surgery. A study (EORTC-22845) of 300 patients with low-grade gliomas who had surgery and were randomly assigned to either radiation therapy or watchful waiting, did not show a difference in OS between the two groups.[1][Level of evidence: 1iiA] (Refer to Low-grade tumors in the Radiation Therapy section of the Treatment Option Overview for Adult Central Nervous System Tumors Treatment section of this summary for more information.)
For low-grade (WHO grade II) tumors that are considered high risk, radiation therapy followed by six cycles of PCV chemotherapy is a recommended option based on the long-term follow-up results of RTOG-9802, a randomized trial for high-risk, low-grade gliomas.[3][Level of evidence: 1iiA] (Refer to Diffuse astrocytomas treatment in the Astrocytic Tumors Treatment section of the Treatment of Primary Central Nervous System Tumors by Tumor Type section of this summary for more information.)
Notably, the RTOG-9802 study enrolled patients with a mixed variety of tumors, including astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas, and mixed oligoastrocytomas; in a retrospective subset analysis, only the oligodendroglial tumors appeared to benefit from the addition of PCV.[4] (Refer to Diffuse astrocytomas treatment in the Astrocytic Tumors Treatment section of the Treatment of Primary Central Nervous System Tumors by Tumor Type section of this summary for more information.)
The discovery of the IDH1 and IDH2 mutations, which are independent prognostic factors for significantly improved survival in diffuse gliomas, has greatly helped to identify patients who are considered high risk. (Refer to Diffuse astrocytomas treatment in the Astrocytic Tumors Treatment section of the Treatment of Primary Central Nervous System Tumors by Tumor Type section of this summary for more information.) In addition, a high proportion of WHO grade II oligodendrogliomas have 1p/19q codeletion, which is a powerful prognostic factor for improved survival.[19,20,21] Therefore, the presence of the IDH1 and IDH2 mutation and 1p/19q codeletion should be included in the assessment of high-risk patients. Molecular correlative data from the RTOG-9802 trial, which would be informative about which patients benefited most from the addition of PCV, have not yet been reported.
Anaplastic oligodendrogliomas treatment
Patients with anaplastic oligodendrogliomas (WHO grade III) have a low cure rate with standard local treatment, but their prognoses are generally better than are the prognoses of patients with anaplastic astrocytomas. Prognoses are particularly better for patients with 1p/19q codeletion, which occurs in a majority of these tumors. Two phase III randomized trials restricted to patients with anaplastic gliomas (NCT00626990 and NCT00887146) are currently enrolling patients; however, efficacy data are not yet available. (Refer to Anaplastic astrocytomas treatment in the Astrocytic Tumors Treatment section of the Treatment of Primary Central Nervous System Tumors by Tumor Type section of this summary for more information.) These patients are appropriate candidates for clinical trials designed to improve local control by adding newer forms of treatment.
Information about ongoing clinical trials is available from the NCI website.
Standard treatment options for anaplastic oligodendrogliomas include the following:
Surgery plus radiation with or without chemotherapy.[22]
Evidence (surgery followed by radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy):
Mature results from the EORTC Brain Tumor Group Study 26951 (NCT00002840), a phase III, randomized study with 11.7 years of follow-up, demonstrated increased OS and PFS in patients with anaplastic oligodendroglial tumors with six cycles of adjuvant PCV chemotherapy after radiation therapy, compared with radiation therapy alone.[23][Level of evidence: 1iiA]
OS was significantly longer in the radiation therapy and PCV arm (42.3 months vs. 30.6 months; HR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.60–0.95).
Patients with 1p/19q-codeleted tumors derived more benefit from adjuvant PCV chemotherapy than did those with non–1p/19q-deleted tumors.[23]
In contrast, the RTOG trial (RTOG-9402 [NCT00002569]) demonstrated no differences in median survival by treatment arm between an 8-week, intensive PCV chemotherapy regimen followed by immediate involved-field-plus-radiation therapy and radiation therapy alone.[24]
In an unplanned subgroup analysis, patients with 1p/19q-codeleted anaplastic oligodendrogliomas and mixed anaplastic astrocytomas demonstrated a median survival of 14.7 years versus 7.3 years (HR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.37–0.95; P = .03).
For patients with non-codeleted tumors, there was no difference in median survival by treatment arm (2.6 vs. 2.7 years; HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.58–1.23; P = .39).[24][Level of evidence: 1iiA]
Postoperative radiation therapy alone has been compared with postoperative chemotherapy alone in patients with anaplastic gliomas (including 144 astrocytomas, 91 oligoastrocytomas, and 39 oligodendrogliomas) with crossover to the other modality at the time of tumor progression. Of the 139 patients randomly assigned to undergo radiation therapy, 135 were randomly assigned to receive chemotherapy, with a 32-week course of either PCV or single-agent temozolomide (2:1:1 randomization).[12][Levels of evidence: 1iiA and 1iiD].
TTF or OS did not differ across the treatment arms and were not affected by the order of the modalities.
On the basis of these data, CODEL (NCT00887146), a study that randomly assigned patients to receive radiation therapy alone (control arm), radiation therapy with temozolomide, and temozolomide alone (exploratory arm), was halted because radiation therapy alone was no longer considered adequate treatment in patients with anaplastic oligodendroglioma with 1p/19q-codeletions.[25] Temozolomide and PCV chemotherapy in anaplastic oligodendroglioma have not been compared, although in the setting of grade 3 anaplastic gliomas, no survival difference was seen between PCV chemotherapy and temozolomide.[12,26]
The combination of radiation and chemotherapy is not known to be superior in outcome to sequential modality therapy.
A high proportion of anaplastic oligodendrogliomas have the IDH1 andIDH2 mutation and 1p/19q codeletion, both powerful prognostic factors for improved survival. (Refer to Diffuse astrocytomas treatment in the Astrocytic Tumors Treatment section of the Treatment of Primary Central Nervous System Tumors by Tumor Type of this summary for more information.)[23,24] In addition, PCV chemotherapy has been shown to be predictive in a retrospective analysis of the phase III trials described earlier. Therefore, assessment of these molecular markers may aid management decisions for anaplastic oligodendrogliomas.
Mixed Gliomas Treatment
Patients with mixed glial tumors, which include oligoastrocytoma (WHO grade II) and anaplastic oligoastrocytoma (WHO grade III), have highly variable prognoses based upon their status of the IDH1 and IDH2 genes and 1p/19q chromosomes.[27,28,29] Therefore, the optimal treatment for these tumors as a group is uncertain. Often, they are treated similarly to astrocytic tumors because a subset of tumors may have outcomes similar to WHO grade III astrocytic or WHO grade IV glioblastoma tumors. Testing for these known, strong, prognostic molecular markers should be performed, which may help to guide the assessment of risk and subsequent management.
Standard treatment options for mixed gliomas include the following:
(Refer to the Astrocytic Tumors section in the Treatment of Primary Central Nervous System Tumors by Tumor Type section of this summary for more information about astrocytic tumors.)
Ependymal Tumors Treatment
Ependymal tumors (WHO grade I) and ependymomas (WHO grade II)—i.e., subependymomas and myxopapillary ependymomas—are often curable.
Standard treatment options for grades I and II ependymal tumors include the following:
Patients with anaplastic ependymomas (WHO grade III) have variable prognoses that depend on the location and extent of disease. Frequently, but not invariably, patients with anaplastic ependymomas have worse prognoses than do those patients with lower-grade ependymal tumors.
Standard treatment options for anaplastic ependymomas include the following:
Surgery plus radiation therapy.[30]
Embryonal Cell Tumors (Medulloblastomas) Treatment
Medulloblastoma occurs primarily in children, but may also occur in adults.[31] (Refer to the PDQ summary on Childhood Medulloblastoma and Other Central Nervous System Embryonal Tumors Treatment for more information.)
Standard treatment options for medulloblastomas include the following:
Surgery plus craniospinal radiation therapy for good-risk patients.[32]
Treatment options under clinical evaluation for medulloblastomas
Treatment options under clinical evaluation include the following:
Surgery plus craniospinal radiation therapy and various chemotherapy regimens are being evaluated for poor-risk patients.[32]
Pineal Parenchymal Tumors Treatment
Pineocytomas (WHO grade II), pineoblastomas (WHO grade IV), and pineal parenchymal tumors of intermediate differentiation are diverse tumors that require special consideration. Pineocytomas are slow-growing tumors and prognosis varies.
Pineoblastomas grow more rapidly and patients with these tumors have worse prognoses. Pineal parenchymal tumors of intermediate differentiation have unpredictable growth and clinical behavior.
Standard treatment options for pineal parenchymal tumors include the following:
Surgery plus radiation therapy for pineocytoma.
Surgery plus radiation therapy and chemotherapy for pineoblastoma.
Meningeal Tumors Treatment
WHO grade I meningiomas are usually curable when they are resectable. With the increasing use of sensitive neuroimaging tools, there has been more detection of asymptomatic low-grade meningiomas. Most appear to show minimal growth and can often be safely observed while therapy is deferred until growth or the development of symptoms.[33,34]
Standard treatment options for meningeal tumors include the following:
Active surveillance with deferred treatment, especially for incidentally discovered asymptomatic tumors.[33,34].
Stereotactic radiosurgery for tumors smaller than 3 cm.
Surgery plus radiation therapy in selected cases, such as for patients with known or suspected residual disease or with recurrence after previous surgery.
Fractionated radiation therapy for patients with unresectable tumors.[35]
The prognoses for patients with WHO grade II meningiomas (atypical, clear cell, and chordoid), WHO grade III meningiomas (anaplastic/malignant, rhabdoid, and papillary), and hemangiopericytomas are worse than the prognoses for patients with low-grade meningiomas because complete resections are less commonly feasible, and the proliferative capacity is greater.
Standard treatment options for grades II and III meningiomas and hemangiopericytomas include the following:
Germ Cell Tumors Treatment
The prognoses and treatment of patients with germ cell tumors—which include germinomas, embryonal carcinomas, choriocarcinomas, and teratomas—depend on tumor histology, tumor location, presence and amount of biological markers, and surgical resectability.
Treatment of Tumors of the Sellar Region
Craniopharyngiomas (WHO grade I) are often curable.
Standard treatment options for craniopharyngiomas include the following:
Debulking surgery plus radiation therapy if the tumor is unresectable.
Treatment Options Under Clinical Evaluation for Primary CNS Tumors
Patients who have CNS tumors that are either infrequently curable or unresectable should be considered candidates for clinical trials. Information about ongoing clinical trials is available from the NCI website.
Heavy-particle radiation, such as proton-beam therapy, carries the theoretical advantage of delivering high doses of ionizing radiation to the tumor bed while sparing surrounding brain tissue. The data are preliminary for this investigational technique, and are not widely available.
Novel biologic therapies under clinical evaluation for patients with CNS tumors include the following:[36]
Dendritic cell vaccination.[37]
Tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitors.[38]
Farnesyl transferase inhibitors.
Viral-based gene therapy.[39,40]
Oncolytic viruses.
Epidermal growth factor-receptor inhibitors.
Vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors.[36]
Other antiangiogenesis agents.
Kaye AH, Walker DG: Low grade astrocytomas: controversies in management. J Clin Neurosci 7 (6): 475-83, 2000.
Buckner JC, Shaw E, Pugh S, et al.: R9802: Phase III study of radiation therapy with or without procarbazine, CCNU, and vincristine (PCV) in low-grade glioma: Results by histologic type. [Abstract] Neuro-Oncology 16 (Suppl 5): A-AT-13, v11, 2014.
Watanabe T, Nobusawa S, Kleihues P, et al.: IDH1 mutations are early events in the development of astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas. Am J Pathol 174 (4): 1149-53, 2009.
Wick W, Hartmann C, Engel C, et al.: NOA-04 randomized phase III trial of sequential radiochemotherapy of anaplastic glioma with procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine or temozolomide. J Clin Oncol 27 (35): 5874-80, 2009.
Hegi ME, Diserens AC, Gorlia T, et al.: MGMT gene silencing and benefit from temozolomide in glioblastoma. N Engl J Med 352 (10): 997-1003, 2005.
Gilbert MR, Wang M, Aldape KD, et al.: Dose-dense temozolomide for newly diagnosed glioblastoma: a randomized phase III clinical trial. J Clin Oncol 31 (32): 4085-91, 2013.
Gilbert MR, Dignam JJ, Armstrong TS, et al.: A randomized trial of bevacizumab for newly diagnosed glioblastoma. N Engl J Med 370 (8): 699-708, 2014.
Chinot OL, Wick W, Mason W, et al.: Bevacizumab plus radiotherapy-temozolomide for newly diagnosed glioblastoma. N Engl J Med 370 (8): 709-22, 2014.
Fallon KB, Palmer CA, Roth KA, et al.: Prognostic value of 1p, 19q, 9p, 10q, and EGFR-FISH analyses in recurrent oligodendrogliomas. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 63 (4): 314-22, 2004.
Smith JS, Perry A, Borell TJ, et al.: Alterations of chromosome arms 1p and 19q as predictors of survival in oligodendrogliomas, astrocytomas, and mixed oligoastrocytomas. J Clin Oncol 18 (3): 636-45, 2000.
Okamoto Y, Di Patre PL, Burkhard C, et al.: Population-based study on incidence, survival rates, and genetic alterations of low-grade diffuse astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas. Acta Neuropathol 108 (1): 49-56, 2004.
van den Bent MJ, Chinot O, Boogerd W, et al.: Second-line chemotherapy with temozolomide in recurrent oligodendroglioma after PCV (procarbazine, lomustine and vincristine) chemotherapy: EORTC Brain Tumor Group phase II study 26972. Ann Oncol 14 (4): 599-602, 2003.
Gilbert MR: Minding the Ps and Qs: perseverance and quality studies lead to major advances in patients with anaplastic oligodendroglioma. J Clin Oncol 31 (3): 299-300, 2013.
Brada M, Stenning S, Gabe R, et al.: Temozolomide versus procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine in recurrent high-grade glioma. J Clin Oncol 28 (30): 4601-8, 2010.
Jiao Y, Killela PJ, Reitman ZJ, et al.: Frequent ATRX, CIC, FUBP1 and IDH1 mutations refine the classification of malignant gliomas. Oncotarget 3 (7): 709-22, 2012.
Killela PJ, Reitman ZJ, Jiao Y, et al.: TERT promoter mutations occur frequently in gliomas and a subset of tumors derived from cells with low rates of self-renewal. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 110 (15): 6021-6, 2013.
Killela PJ, Pirozzi CJ, Healy P, et al.: Mutations in IDH1, IDH2, and in the TERT promoter define clinically distinct subgroups of adult malignant gliomas. Oncotarget 5 (6): 1515-25, 2014.
Oya N, Shibamoto Y, Nagata Y, et al.: Postoperative radiotherapy for intracranial ependymoma: analysis of prognostic factors and patterns of failure. J Neurooncol 56 (1): 87-94, 2002.
Brandes AA, Ermani M, Amista P, et al.: The treatment of adults with medulloblastoma: a prospective study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 57 (3): 755-61, 2003.
Brandes AA, Franceschi E, Tosoni A, et al.: Long-term results of a prospective study on the treatment of medulloblastoma in adults. Cancer 110 (9): 2035-41, 2007.
Debus J, Wuendrich M, Pirzkall A, et al.: High efficacy of fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy of large base-of-skull meningiomas: long-term results. J Clin Oncol 19 (15): 3547-53, 2001.
Fine HA: Promising new therapies for malignant gliomas. Cancer J 13 (6): 349-54, 2007 Nov-Dec.
Fecci PE, Mitchell DA, Archer GE, et al.: The history, evolution, and clinical use of dendritic cell-based immunization strategies in the therapy of brain tumors. J Neurooncol 64 (1-2): 161-76, 2003 Aug-Sep.
Newton HB: Molecular neuro-oncology and development of targeted therapeutic strategies for brain tumors. Part 1: Growth factor and Ras signaling pathways. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 3 (5): 595-614, 2003.
Kew Y, Levin VA: Advances in gene therapy and immunotherapy for brain tumors. Curr Opin Neurol 16 (6): 665-70, 2003.
Chiocca EA, Aghi M, Fulci G: Viral therapy for glioblastoma. Cancer J 9 (3): 167-79, 2003 May-Jun.
Treatment of Primary Tumors of the Spinal Axis
Surgery and radiation therapy are the primary modalities used to treat tumors of the spinal axis; therapeutic options vary according to the histology of the tumor.[1] The experience with chemotherapy for primary spinal cord tumors is limited; no reports of controlled clinical trials are available for these types of tumors.[1,2] Chemotherapy is indicated for most patients with leptomeningeal involvement from a primary or metastatic tumor and positive cerebrospinal fluid cytology.[1] Most patients require treatment with corticosteroids, particularly if they are receiving radiation therapy.
Patients who have spinal axis tumors that are either infrequently curable or unresectable should be considered candidates for clinical trials. Information about ongoing clinical trials is available from the NCI website.
Metastatic Brain Tumors
General Information About Metastatic Brain Tumors
Brain metastases outnumber primary neoplasms by at least 10 to 1, and they occur in 20% to 40% of cancer patients, with subsequent median survival generally less than 6 months.[1] The exact incidence is unknown because no national cancer registry documents brain metastases, but it has been estimated that 98,000 to 170,000 new cases are diagnosed in the United States each year.[2,3] This number may be increasing because of the capacity of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to detect small metastases and because of prolonged survival resulting from improved systemic therapy.[1,2]
The most common primary tumors with brain metastases and the percentage of patients effected are as follows:[1,2]
Lung (18%-64%).
Breast (2%–21%).
Cancer of unknown primary (1%–18%).
Melanoma (4%-16%).
Colorectal (2%-12%).
Kidney (1%-8%).
Eighty percent of brain metastases occur in the cerebral hemispheres, 15% occur in the cerebellum, and 5% occur in the brain stem.[2] Metastases to the brain are multiple in more than 70% of cases, but solitary metastases also occur.[1]
Brain involvement can occur with cancers of the nasopharyngeal region by direct extension along the cranial nerves or through the foramina at the base of the skull. Dural metastases may constitute as much as 9% of total brain metastases.
The diagnosis of brain metastases in cancer patients is based on the following:
Patient history.
Neurological examination.
Diagnostic procedures, including a contrast MRI of the brain.
Patients may describe any of the following:
Sensory defects.
Gait problems.
Often, family members or friends may notice the following:
Lethargy.
Emotional lability.
Personality change.
A physical examination may show objective neurological findings or only minor cognitive changes. The presence of multiple lesions and a high predilection of primary tumor metastasis may be sufficient to make the diagnosis of brain metastasis.
A lesion in the brain should not be assumed to be a metastasis just because a patient has had a previous cancer; such an assumption could result in overlooking appropriate treatment of a curable tumor.
Computed tomography scans with contrast or MRIs with gadolinium are quite sensitive in diagnosing the presence of metastases. Positron emission tomography scanning and spectroscopic evaluation are new strategies to diagnose cerebral metastases and to differentiate the metastases from other intracranial lesions.[4]
In the case of a solitary lesion or a questionable relationship to the primary tumor, a brain biopsy (via resection or stereotactic biopsy) may be necessary.
Treatment of Metastatic Brain Tumors
The optimal therapy for patients with brain metastases continues to evolve.[1,2,5] The following treatments have been used in the management of metastatic brain tumors:
Radiosurgery.
Corticosteroids.
Anticonvulsants.
Because most cases of brain metastases involve multiple metastases, a mainstay of therapy has historically been whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT); however, stereotactic radiosurgery has come into increasingly common use. The role of radiosurgery continues to be defined. Stereotactic radiosurgery in combination with WBRT has been assessed.
Surgery is indicated to obtain tissue from a metastasis with an unknown primary tumor or to decompress a symptomatic dominant lesion that is causing significant mass effect.
Chemotherapy is usually not the primary therapy for most patients; however, it may have a role in the treatment of patients with brain metastases from chemosensitive tumors and can even be curative when combined with radiation for metastatic testicular germ cell tumors.[1,6] Intrathecal chemotherapy is also used for meningeal spread of metastatic tumors.
Treatment for patients with one to four metastases
Standard treatment options for patients with one to four metastases
About 10% to 15% of patients with cancer will have a single brain metastasis. Radiation therapy is the mainstay of palliation for these patients. The extent of extracranial disease can influence treatment of the brain lesions. In the presence of extensive active systemic disease, surgery provides little benefit for overall survival (OS). In patients with stable minimal extracranial disease, combined modality treatment may be considered, using surgical resection followed by radiation therapy. However, the published literature does not provide clear guidance.
Standard treatment options for patients with one to four metastases include the following:
WBRT with or without surgical resection.
WBRT with or without stereotactic radiosurgery.
Focal therapy alone (surgical resection or stereotactic radiosurgery).
Evidence (treatment for one to four metastases):
Three randomized trials examined resection of solitary brain metastases followed by WBRT versus WBRT alone, totaling 195 randomly assigned patients.[7,8,9] The process that necessarily goes into selecting appropriate patients for surgical resection may account for the small numbers in each trial. In the first trial,[7][Level of evidence: 1iiD] performed at a single center, all patients were selected and operated upon by one surgeon.
The first two trials showed an improvement in survival in the surgery group,[7,8] but the third trial showed a trend in favor of the WBRT–only group.[9]
The three trials were combined in a trial-level meta-analysis.[10] The combined analysis showed the following:
The combined analysis did not show a statistically significant difference in OS (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.34–1.53; P = .4); or in death from neurologic causes (relative riskdeath = 0.68; 95% CI, 0.43–1.09; P = .11).[10]
One of the trials reported that combined therapy increased the duration of functionally independent survival.[7][Level of evidence: 1iiD]
None of the trials assessed or reported quality of life.
The need for WBRT after resection of solitary brain metastases has been studied.[11] Patients were randomly assigned to either undergo postoperative WBRT or receive no further treatment after resection.
Patients in the WBRT group were less likely to have tumor progression in the brain and were significantly less likely to die of neurological causes.
OS was the same in each group, and there was no difference in duration of functional independence.
One additional randomized study of observation versus WBRT after either surgery or stereotactic radiosurgery for solitary brain metastases was closed after 19 patients had been entered because of slow accrual; therefore, little can be deduced from the trial.[12]
A Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) study (RTOG-9508) randomly assigned 333 patients with one to three metastases with a maximum diameter of 4 cm to WBRT (37.5 Gy over 3 weeks) with or without a stereotactic boost.[13] Patients with active systemic disease requiring therapy were excluded. The primary endpoint was OS with predefined hypotheses in both the full study population and the 186 patients with a solitary metastasis (and no statistical adjustment of P values for the two separate hypotheses).[13][Levels of evidence: 1iiDii for the full study population and 1iiA for patients with solitary metastases]
Mean OS in the combined-therapy group was 5.7 months, and mean OS in the WBRT–alone group was 6.5 months (P = .14).
In the subgroup with solitary metastases, OS was better in the combined-therapy group (6.5 months vs. 4.9 months; P = .039 in univariate analysis; P = .053 in a multivariable analysis adjusting for baseline prognostic factors).
In patients with multiple metastases, survival was 5.8 months in the combined-therapy group versus 6.7 months in the WBRT–only group (P = .98).
The combined-treatment group had a survival advantage of 2.5 months in patients with a single metastasis but not in patients with multiple lesions.
Local control was better in the full population with combined therapy.
At the 6-month follow-up, Karnofsky Performance status (considered a soft endpoint because of its imprecision and subjectivity) was better in the combined-therapy group, but there was no difference in mental status between the treatment groups. Acute and late toxicities were similar in both treatment arms. Quality of life was not assessed.
A phase III randomized trial compared adjuvant WBRT with observation after surgery or radiosurgery for a limited number of brain metastases in patients with stable solid tumors.[14][Level of evidence: 1iiC]
Health-related quality of life was improved in the observation-only arm, compared with WBRT.
Patients in the observation arm had better mean scores in physical, role, and cognitive functioning at 9 months.
In an exploratory analysis, statistically significant worse scores for bladder control, communication deficit, drowsiness, hair loss, motor dysfunction, leg weakness, appetite loss, constipation, nausea/vomiting, pain, and social functioning were observed in patients who underwent WBRT, compared with those who underwent observation only.
A meta-analysis of two trials with a total of 358 participants found no statistically significant difference in OS between the WBRT plus stereotactic radiosurgery group and the WBRT–alone group (HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.65–1.02).[15][Level of evidence: 1iiDiii]
Patients in the WBRT plus stereotactic radiosurgery group had decreased local failure, compared with patients who received WBRT alone (HR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.14–0.52).
Unchanged or improved Karnofsky Performance status at 6 months was seen in 43% of patients in the combined-therapy group versus only 28% in the WBRT-alone group (P = .03).
A study that had a primary endpoint of learning and neurocognition, using a standardized test for total recall, was stopped by the Data and Safety Monitoring Board because of worse outcomes in the WBRT group.[16][Level of evidence: 1iiD]
Given this body of information, focal therapy plus WBRT or focal therapy alone, with close follow-up with serial MRIs and initiation of salvage therapy when clinically indicated, appear to be reasonable treatment options. The pros and cons of each approach should be discussed with the patient.
Several randomized trials have been performed that were designed with varying primary endpoints to address whether WBRT is necessary after focal treatment. The results can be summarized as follows:[16,17,18]
Studies consistently show that the addition of WBRT to focal therapy decreases the risk of progression and new metastases in the brain.
The addition of WBRT does not improve OS.
The decrease in risk of intracranial disease progression does not translate into improved functional or neurologic status, nor does it appear to decrease the risk of death from neurologic deterioration.
About half or more of the patients who receive focal therapy alone ultimately require salvage therapy, such as WBRT or radiosurgery, compared with about a quarter of the patients who are given up-front WBRT.
The impact of better local control associated with WBRT on quality of life has not been reported and remains an open question.
Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LC)
LC occurs in about 5% of all cancer patients. The most common types of cancer to spread to the leptomeninges are:
Breast tumors (35%).
Lung tumors (24%).
Hematologic malignancies (16%).
Diagnosis includes a combination of neurospinal axis imaging and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology. Median OS is in the range of 10 to 12 weeks.
The management of LC includes the following:
Intrathecal chemotherapy.
Intrathecal chemotherapy and systemic chemotherapy.
Intrathecal chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
Supportive care.
In a series of 149 patients with metastatic non-small cell lung carcinoma, cytologically proven LC, poor performance status, high protein level in the CSF, and a high initial CSF white blood cell count were significant poor prognostic factors for survival.[19] Patients received active treatment, including intrathecal chemotherapy, WBRT, or epidermal growth factor receptor-thymidine kinase-1, or underwent a ventriculoperitoneal shunt procedure.
In a retrospective series of 38 patients with metastatic breast cancer and LC, the proportion of LC cases varied by breast cancer subtype:[20]
Luminal A (18.4%).
Luminal B (31.6%).
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive (26.3%).
Triple-negative breast cancer subtype (23.7%).
Patients with triple-negative breast cancer had a shorter interval between metastatic breast cancer diagnosis and the development of LC. Median survival did not differ across breast cancer subtypes. Consideration of intrathecal administration of trastuzumab in patients with HER2-positive LC has also been described in case reports.[21]
Patchell RA: The management of brain metastases. Cancer Treat Rev 29 (6): 533-40, 2003.
Schaefer PW, Budzik RF, Gonzalez RG: Imaging of cerebral metastases. Neurosurg Clin N Am 7 (3): 393-423, 1996.
Soffietti R, Cornu P, Delattre JY, et al.: EFNS Guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of brain metastases: report of an EFNS Task Force. Eur J Neurol 13 (7): 674-81, 2006.
Ogawa K, Yoshii Y, Nishimaki T, et al.: Treatment and prognosis of brain metastases from breast cancer. J Neurooncol 86 (2): 231-8, 2008.
Patchell RA, Tibbs PA, Walsh JW, et al.: A randomized trial of surgery in the treatment of single metastases to the brain. N Engl J Med 322 (8): 494-500, 1990.
Vecht CJ, Haaxma-Reiche H, Noordijk EM, et al.: Treatment of single brain metastasis: radiotherapy alone or combined with neurosurgery? Ann Neurol 33 (6): 583-90, 1993.
Mintz AH, Kestle J, Rathbone MP, et al.: A randomized trial to assess the efficacy of surgery in addition to radiotherapy in patients with a single cerebral metastasis. Cancer 78 (7): 1470-6, 1996.
Patchell RA, Tibbs PA, Regine WF, et al.: Postoperative radiotherapy in the treatment of single metastases to the brain: a randomized trial. JAMA 280 (17): 1485-9, 1998.
Roos DE, Wirth A, Burmeister BH, et al.: Whole brain irradiation following surgery or radiosurgery for solitary brain metastases: mature results of a prematurely closed randomized Trans-Tasman Radiation Oncology Group trial (TROG 98.05). Radiother Oncol 80 (3): 318-22, 2006.
Andrews DW, Scott CB, Sperduto PW, et al.: Whole brain radiation therapy with or without stereotactic radiosurgery boost for patients with one to three brain metastases: phase III results of the RTOG 9508 randomised trial. Lancet 363 (9422): 1665-72, 2004.
Soffietti R, Kocher M, Abacioglu UM, et al.: A European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer phase III trial of adjuvant whole-brain radiotherapy versus observation in patients with one to three brain metastases from solid tumors after surgical resection or radiosurgery: quality-of-life results. J Clin Oncol 31 (1): 65-72, 2013.
Patil CG, Pricola K, Sarmiento JM, et al.: Whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) alone versus WBRT and radiosurgery for the treatment of brain metastases. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 9: CD006121, 2012.
Chang EL, Wefel JS, Hess KR, et al.: Neurocognition in patients with brain metastases treated with radiosurgery or radiosurgery plus whole-brain irradiation: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol 10 (11): 1037-44, 2009.
Aoyama H, Shirato H, Tago M, et al.: Stereotactic radiosurgery plus whole-brain radiation therapy vs stereotactic radiosurgery alone for treatment of brain metastases: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 295 (21): 2483-91, 2006.
Kocher M, Soffietti R, Abacioglu U, et al.: Adjuvant whole-brain radiotherapy versus observation after radiosurgery or surgical resection of one to three cerebral metastases: results of the EORTC 22952-26001 study. J Clin Oncol 29 (2): 134-41, 2011.
Lee SJ, Lee JI, Nam DH, et al.: Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis in non-small-cell lung cancer patients: impact on survival and correlated prognostic factors. J Thorac Oncol 8 (2): 185-91, 2013.
Torrejón D, Oliveira M, Cortes J, et al.: Implication of breast cancer phenotype for patients with leptomeningeal carcinomatosis. Breast 22 (1): 19-23, 2013.
Bartsch R, Berghoff AS, Preusser M: Optimal management of brain metastases from breast cancer. Issues and considerations. CNS Drugs 27 (2): 121-34, 2013.
Recurrent Adult CNS Tumors Treatment
Patients who have recurrent CNS tumors are rarely curable and should be considered candidates for clinical trials. Information about ongoing clinical trials is available from the NCI website.
Standard treatment options for recurrent CNS tumors include the following:
Antiangiogenesis therapy.
Carmustine wafers have been investigated for the treatment of recurrent malignant gliomas, but the impact on survival is less clear than at the time of initial diagnosis and resection.
Evidence (localized chemotherapy):
In a multicenter randomized, placebo-controlled trial, 222 patients with recurrent malignant primary brain tumors requiring reoperation were randomly assigned to receive implanted carmustine wafers or placebo biodegradable wafers.[1][Level of evidence: 1iA] Approximately half of the patients had received prior systemic chemotherapy. The two treatment groups were well balanced at baseline.
Median survival was 31 weeks in the group receiving carmustine wafers versus 23 weeks in the group receiving placebo wafers. The statistical significance between the two overall survival curves depended on the method of analysis.
The hazard ratio (HR) for risk of dying in the direct intention-to-treat comparison between the two groups was 0.83 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.63–1.10; P = .19). The baseline characteristics were similar in the two groups, but the investigators performed an additional analysis, adjusting for prognostic factors, because they felt that even small differences in baseline characteristics could have a powerful influence on outcomes. In the adjusted proportional hazards model, the HR for risk of death was 0.67 (95% CI, 0.51–0.90, P = .006). The investigators emphasized this latter analysis and reported this as a positive trial.[1][Level of evidence: 1iA]
A Cochrane Collaboration systematic review of chemotherapeutic wafers for high-grade glioma focused on the unadjusted analysis and reported the same trial as negative.[2]
Systemic therapy (e.g., temozolomide, lomustine, or the combination of procarbazine, a nitrosourea, and PCV in patients who have not previously received the drugs) has been used at the time of recurrence of primary malignant brain tumors. However, this approach has not been tested in controlled studies. Patient-selection factors likely play a strong role in determining outcomes, so the impact of therapy on survival is not clear.
Antiangiogenesis Therapy
In 2009, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted accelerated approval of bevacizumab monotherapy for patients with progressive glioblastoma. The indication was granted under the FDA's accelerated approval program that permits the use of certain surrogate endpoints or an effect on a clinical endpoint other than survival or irreversible morbidity as bases for approvals of products intended for serious or life-threatening illnesses or conditions.
The approval was based on the demonstration of improved objective response rates observed in two historically controlled, single-arm, or noncomparative phase II trials.[3,4][Level of evidence: 3iiiDiv] On the basis of these data and FDA approval, bevacizumab monotherapy has become standard therapy for recurrent glioblastoma.
Evidence (antiangiogenesis therapy):
The FDA independently reviewed an open-label, multicenter, noncomparative phase II study that randomly assigned 167 recurrent glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients to receive bevacizumab alone or bevacizumab in combination with irinotecan,[3] although only efficacy data from the bevacizumab monotherapy arm (n = 85) were used to support drug approval.
Tumor responses were observed in 26% of patients treated with bevacizumab alone, and the median duration of response in these patients was 4.2 months.
On the basis of this externally controlled trial, the incidence of adverse events associated with bevacizumab did not appear to be significantly increased in GBM patients.
The FDA independently assessed another single-arm, single-institution trial in which 56 recurrent glioblastoma patients were treated with bevacizumab alone.[4]
Responses were observed in 20% of patients, and the median duration of response was 3.9 months.
Currently, however, no data are available from prospective, randomized controlled trials demonstrating improvement in health outcomes, such as disease-related symptoms or increased survival with the use of bevacizumab to treat glioblastoma.
Because there are no randomized trials, the role of repeat radiation after disease progression or the development of radiation-induced cancers is also ill defined. Interpretation is difficult because the literature is limited to small retrospective case series.[5] The decision must be made carefully because of the risk of neurocognitive deficits and radiation necrosis.
Re-resection of recurrent CNS tumors is used for some patients. However, most patients do not qualify because of a deteriorating condition or technically inoperable tumors. The evidence is limited to noncontrolled studies and case series of patients who are healthy enough and have tumors that are small enough to technically debulk. The impact on survival of reoperation versus patient selection is not known.
Brem H, Piantadosi S, Burger PC, et al.: Placebo-controlled trial of safety and efficacy of intraoperative controlled delivery by biodegradable polymers of chemotherapy for recurrent gliomas. The Polymer-brain Tumor Treatment Group. Lancet 345 (8956): 1008-12, 1995.
Friedman HS, Prados MD, Wen PY, et al.: Bevacizumab alone and in combination with irinotecan in recurrent glioblastoma. J Clin Oncol 27 (28): 4733-40, 2009.
Kreisl TN, Kim L, Moore K, et al.: Phase II trial of single-agent bevacizumab followed by bevacizumab plus irinotecan at tumor progression in recurrent glioblastoma. J Clin Oncol 27 (5): 740-5, 2009.
Editorial changes were made to this summary.
This PDQ cancer information summary for health professionals provides comprehensive, peer-reviewed, evidence-based information about the treatment of adult central nervous system tumors. It is intended as a resource to inform and assist clinicians who care for cancer patients. It does not provide formal guidelines or recommendations for making health care decisions.
The lead reviewers for Adult Central Nervous System Tumors Treatment are:
Andrew S. Chi, MD, PhD (New York University Medical Center)
Minh Tam Truong, MD (Boston University Medical Center)
PDQ® Adult Treatment Editorial Board. PDQ Adult Central Nervous System Tumors Treatment. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute. Updated <MM/DD/YYYY>. Available at: https://www.cancer.gov/types/brain/hp/adult-brain-treatment-pdq. Accessed <MM/DD/YYYY>. [PMID: 26389419]
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Holiday Inn Bridgeport-Trumbull-Fairfield
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Howard Johnson Hotel by Wyndham Milford/New Haven
8.63 mi from Housatonic Community College
from $60 Book Now
1052 Boston Post Road ,Milford,CT
Hotel with Free Parking
Complimentary parking, free Wi-Fi and on-site mini-golf add to the appeal at the non-smoking Howard Johnson Hotel by Wyndham Milford/New Haven. The four-story Howard Johnson`s 165 non-smoking rooms come with coffeemakers, cable TV, seating areas and free Wi-Fi. There`s a restaurant on-site as well as great recreational amenities like mini-golf, an indoor pool and a hot tub. Guests flying in or out of Sikorsky Memorial Airport in nearby Stratford) can take advantage of the hotel`s free shuttle. Parking is also free. The Howard Johnson is off of I-95 at exit 36/Plains Road, one-and-a-half miles from historic downtown Milford and less than two miles from Silver Sands State Park. It`s within a 12-minute radius of attractions like the Orchards Golf Course and the Barnum Museum. Sikorsky Memorial Airport is nearly seven miles away, while Bradley International Airport is 63 miles from the hotel. more...
New Haven Inn
16.03 mi from Housatonic Community College
100 Pond Lily Avenue,New Haven,CT
Hotel with Free Internet Available
Convenience and value meet at the New Haven Inn, with free continental breakfast plus quick downtown and interstate access. The low-rise New Haven Inn has 59 rooms featuring coffeemakers and cable TV, and non-smoking rooms are available. Guests enjoy a complimentary breakfast each morning. Pets are allowed at the hotel, and there is no charge for parking. The New Haven Inn is less than four miles northwest of downtown New Haven and five miles from I-91 and I-95. The area abounds with academia: Yale University is a 10-minute drive away, Southern Connecticut State University is two miles east and the University of New Haven is four miles from the hotel. When it comes to entertainment, nothing shines like the Shubert Theater, a 15-minute drive away. The hotel is also four miles northwest of the New Haven Green and nine miles from Tweed New Haven Regional Airport. more...
Mayflower Motel Milford
219 Woodmont Road,Milford,CT
Easy interstate access and a 24-hour front desk make for a convenient stay at the Mayflower Motel Milford. All 60 rooms at the two-story Mayflower Motel include free local phone calls, premium cable TV, work desks and high-speed internet access. Microwaves are available in select rooms. Stop by the lobby for a complimentary cup of coffee, then catch up on your laundry at the hotel`s coin-operated facility. The front desk is open 24 hours a day for added convenience. Small pets are welcome for an additional fee. Parking, including plenty of space trucks and RVs, is free. The Mayflower Motel is off of I-95 at exit 40, next to a large gas station and travel center. It`s two-and-a-half miles from historic downtown Milford. You`ll find several restaurants within a half-mile radius, and the shops of Milford Marketplace and Westfield Connecticut Post are two miles away. Silver Sand State Park is a six-mile drive. The cities of Bridgeport and New Haven, home to Yale University, are within a 20-minute radius. Tweed-New Haven Airport is 11 miles northeast of the hotel, and Bradley International Airport is 60 miles away. more...
Super 8 by Wyndham Danbury
3 Lake Avenue Extension,Danbury,CT
Hotel with Business Center
Free Wi-Fi, free continental breakfast and free parking serve up the savings at Super 8 by Wyndham Motel - Danbury. This four-story hotel has 84 rooms with cable TVs and cozy beds. Hold on to that doggie bag courtesy of the in-room microwave and refrigerator. You can sit at a spacious work desk and surf the web with free Wi-Fi. Rooms include coffeemakers, hairdryers and free newspapers as well. Hungry guests dig into warm muffins, tasty pastries and hot coffee at the free continental breakfast. Keep caffeinated with free coffee and tea. Early birds and night owls stop by the 24-hour front desk anytime. Parking is free. Super 8 by Wyndham Motel is a half-mile from I-84, putting the greater Danbury area within easy reach. You can taste reds and whites at McLaughlin Vineyards, a 23-minute drive. Shopaholics charge on over to Danbury Fair Mall, one-and-a-half miles away. Learn about locomotives at Danbury Railway Museum, two miles away. The hotel is one mile from Danbury Municipal Airport and 33 miles from Westchester County Airport. more...
Econo Lodge West Haven
370 Highland Street,West Haven,CT
Free Wi-Fi, complimentary continental breakfast and free parking are among the guest-friendly perks at Econo Lodge West Haven. The three-story Econo Lodge features 79 rooms with free Wi-Fi and cable TVs. Non-smoking rooms are available. Every morning wake to complimentary continental breakfast, including make-your-own waffles, fruit and pastries. Parking is free. The Econo Lodge is a 10-minute drive from downtown West Haven and two miles from downtown New Haven. The inn is a mile from the beach and five miles from Milford Lobster Bake. Yale University is a five-mile drive. Mystic Seaport is 50 miles away. Family fun at Bearsley Zoo is within 15 miles. The drive from Bradley International Airport is 50 miles. more...
from $102 Book Now
1070 Main Street,Bridgeport,CT
Free Wi-Fi, a business center, room service and indoor pool are among the perks that appeal to Our guests at the Holiday Inn and Conference Center Bridgeport, located in the heart of downtown. The nine-story Holiday Inn offers 209 rooms, all with free Wi-Fi, cable TV, DVD players, dual-line phones, free local calls and room service. A complimentary newspaper is delivered to each room in the morning. Non-smoking accommodations and executive-floor rooms are available. The in-house restaurant serves continental cuisine for breakfast, lunch and dinner. As for recreation, you`ll find an indoor pool on-site, plus a fitness center. Corporate guests appreciate the business center with fax service. Additional amenities inclue a car rental desk, lounge, bellman and a safe deposit box at the front desk. Pets are welcome for a fee. The Beardsley Zoo is just over two miles from the Holiday Inn, which is off I-95 with easy access to Stratford, Fairfield, Trumbull and Shelton. The hotel is three blocks from the Bridgeport Amtrak station. Tweed - New Haven Regional Airport is 18 miles away, and New York`s Laguardia and JFK airports are within a 60-mile radius. more...
100 Kings Highway Cutoff,Fairfield,CT
Value comes in the form of free Wi-Fi, complimentary breakfast and a business center at the non-smoking Best Western Plus Black Rock Inn, where parking is also on the house. All 63 rooms at the two-story, non-smoking Best Western Plus have free Wi-Fi, alarm clocks, refrigerators, microwaves, coffeemakers, premium cable TV, data ports, desks and direct-dial speakerphones with voicemail. Breakfast is complimentary every morning, and there`s a cocktail lounge with live entertainment on the premises. For active fun, head to the fitness room. If you`ve got work in tow, feel free to hunker down in the business center (complete with fax and copy capabilities). Parking is free. The Best Western Plus is off I-95, nine minutes from Black Rock Harbor and a half-mile from Fairfield`s Metro North station. It is seven miles from Sherwood Island State Park and the Long Island Sound. Downtown Fairfield is five minutes away, and Bridgeport is 10 minutes. JFK International Airport is 58 miles from the hotel, and Long Island MacArthur Airport is a 26-mile trip. more...
Quality Suites Stratford
1500 South Avenue,Stratford,CT
Guest Score: 8 / 10
A non-smoking policy, free Wi-Fi, complimentary breakfast with waffles and an indoor pool are attractive attributes at Quality Suites Stratford, which is handy to I-95 and dining. With coffeemakers, refrigerators and microwaves, there`s no limit to snacking in the at the three-story Quality Suites, which has 82 non-smoking rooms. Free Wi-Fi, pillowtop mattresses, down pillows and cable TVs are also standard. Enjoy a complimentary breakfast of eggs, meat, fresh fruit and flavored waffles, and make a splash in the heated indoor pool. The hotel houses a laundry facility, and laundry service is also offered. A business center helps you complete necessary tasks. Quality Suites in Stratford is just off I-95 and is less than three miles from the Arena at Harbor Yard and Beardsley Zoo. A dozen restaurants are within a mile. Brush up on local history at Judson House Museum and Stratford Historical Society, six blocks from the hotel. Knock down some pins at Yale Bowl, a 13-mile drive away. Yale University is 16 miles from the hotel. LaGuardia International Airport is 60 miles away. more...
Circle Hotel Fairfield
417 Post Road,Fairfield,CT
Free Wi-Fi, an outdoor pool and a downtown location draw guests to the Circle Hotel Fairfield, which is right off I-95. A stately brick exterior with grand white columns greets guests at the two-story Circle Hotel Fairfield. All 80 modern, airy rooms come well-equipped with free Wi-Fi, flat-panel cable TVs, mini-fridges, coffeemakers and desks. Enjoy a meal at the adjacent diner, and relax by the sparkling outdoor pool, open seasonally. The front desk is open 24 hours a day, and parking is free. The hotel welcomes pets as well. The hotel is about a half-mile from I-95 and the busy shops and restaurants in downtown Fairfield. Within 10 minutes, guests reach the Webster Bank Arena, Connecticut`s Beardsley Zoo and the Barnum Museum. In warmer months, walk a mile through the historic district to Jennings Beach for some sun, or drive 15 minutes to Sherwood Island State Park. Fairfield University is a mile away, or drive five miles to Sacred Heart University. It`s less than a mile to either of the town`s two train stations, where you can hop a 90-minute ride into Manhattan. LaGuardia International Airport is 53 miles away, Westchester County Airport is under an hour`s drive and the Bridgeport Amtrak station is just over four miles away. more...
The Inn at Fairfield Beach
4.2 mi from Housatonic Community College
1160 Reef Road,Fairfield,CT
The Inn at Fairfield Beach features a private beach area. All rooms boast a flat-screen TV with satellite channels and a private bathroom. All units at the hotel are fitted with a seating area. Some rooms come with a kitchenette with a microwave. All guest rooms will provide guests with a wardrobe and a coffee machine. A continental breakfast is available each morning at the property. The property is nonsmoking throughout, except for designated smoking areas. A variety of popular activities are available in the area around The Inn at Fairfield Beach, including fishing and hiking. Lake Mohegan Recreation Area is 6.2 mi from the accommodations, while Connecticut Audubon Society at Larsen Sanctuary is 8.1 mi from the property. The nearest airport is Westchester County Airport, 32 mi from The Inn at Fairfield Beach. more...
6 Best Hotels
HYATT House Shelton
830 Bridgeport Avenue,Shelton,CT
Self-catering suites, free Wi-Fi and a complimentary breakfast make the Hyatt House Shelton a cut above the rest. Each of this four-story non-smoking property`s 127 rooms features free Wi-Fi, a full kitchen, iPod dock with sound machine, flat-panel TV, bathrobe and lighted make-up mirror. A free daily breakfast with omelettes is served. There`s a fitness room, indoor pool, hot tub, sun deck and business center. Wind down with cocktails in the lounge or by the fire pit on the outdoor patio. Parking is free. Located off Route 8, the Hyatt is near the Merritt Parkway and I-95. Walk to area restaurants or stroll half-a-mile to the Shelton Square Shopping Center. Sikorsky Aircraft Headquarters is three miles away or you can hop on the Metro-North Railroad into Manhattan from the Derby-Shelton Station, four-and-a-half miles north. New Haven attractions including the Shubert Theatre, Yale University and the Connecticut Children`s Museum are half-an-hour east. Hit the West Haven beaches or watch the sunset from Silver Sands State Park in Milford; both are 20 minutes away. Bridgeport attractions and the Port Jefferson ferry to Long Island are 20 minutes south and Mohegan Sun Casino and Mystic Seaport are 70 miles east. Tweed New Haven Regional Airport is 20 miles east; Hartford`s Bradley International Airport is 65 miles north and New York City airports are within 70 miles. more...
Hampton Inn Shelton
Amenities such as free Wi-Fi, complimentary daily buffet breakfast and an indoor pool await at the non-smoking Hampton Inn Shelton. The mid-rise Hampton Inn`s modern lobby welcomes guests with seating areas and a fireplace. The inn offers 125 non-smoking rooms that all include free Wi-Fi, flat-panel TVs, mini-fridges, microwaves and coffeemakers. Work out in the gym or indoor pool before refueling at the complimentary breakfast buffet. Laundry service is available. Parking is free. Three miles from Highway 15 and 10 minutes from I-95, the Hampton Inn is 26 minutes from New Haven and 15 minutes from Bridgeport. Visit the Beardsley Zoo 12 minutes away, or explore the Discovery Museum and Planetarium 15 minutes from the hotel. The Westfield Trumbull Mall is also a 15-minute drive, and the Clinton Crossing Premium Outlets are 44 minutes away. Travelers reach Tweed New Haven Regional Airport in 18 miles and Bradley International Airport in 64 miles. more...
Hampton Inn Milford
129 Plains Road,Milford,CT
Little extras like free breakfast and complimentary Wi-Fi keep guests happy at the non-smoking Hampton Inn Milford. All 148 rooms at the three-story Hampton Inn include coffeemakers, cable TV, work desks and free Wi-Fi. Fill up at the hot breakfast each morning: the complimentary buffet features a rotating menu of waffles, pancakes, biscuits and gravy, sausage patties, eggs, cereal, yogurt, fruit, and more. For guests in a hurry, breakfast to-go bags are available. Free passes are offered to a local fitness center. Corporate guests can get work done at the on-site business center, which has fax and copy capabilities. There`s also a coin-operated guest laundry on site. Parking is free. The Hampton Inn is off of I-95 at exit 36/Plains Road, one-and-a-half miles from historic downtown Milford and less than two miles from Silver Sands State Park. New Haven and Yale University are within 20 miles of the hotel. The family-friendly Barnum Museum is less than 15 minutes away. Tweed-New Haven Airport is about 15 miles from the hotel, while Bradley International Airport is an hour away. more...
SpringHill Suites Milford
50 Rowe Avenue,Milford,CT
Complimentary breakfast, an on-site bar and in-room kitchenettes are the prime perks Our guests can expect at the non-smoking SpringHill Suites Milford. The three-story, non-smoking SpringHill Suites Milford houses 124 rooms with plush bedding, flat-panel cable TVs, seating areas, work desks, high-speed internet access and kitchenettes (with microwaves, mini-fridges and sinks). Fuel up at the free Suite Seasons breakfast, a buffet of rotating hot and cold items. Lunch, snacks and more are available at the hotel`s 24-hour market. At the end of the day, feel free to unwind with an evening cocktail at the on-site bar and lounge. As for fitness, the hotel`s workout room is stocked with cardio equipment and free weights, plus there`s an indoor pool and hot tub on the property. The front desk staff can help with business services like faxing and photocopying (for an additional fee). You`ll find vending machines and a guest laundry facility on site. Parking is free. The SpringHill Suites is off of I-95 at Schoolhouse Road, two-and-a-half miles from historic downtown Milford. New Haven attractions like Yale University`s Center for British Art and the Peabody Museum of Natural History are within 15 miles of the hotel. Bridgeport is 20 minutes away. It is less than two miles from the beaches of Silver Sands State Park. Tweed-New Haven Airport is nearly 16 miles from the hotel, while Bradley International Airport is 63 miles away. more...
Homewood Suites by Hilton Stratford
6905 Main Street,Stratford,CT
Fully equipped kitchens, free Wi-Fi and daily hot complimentary breakfast make guests feel at home at the Homewood Suites by Hilton® Stratford. The lobby`s stone fireplace and dark wood accents greet guests at the three-story Homewood Suites. Its 135 suites range from studios to two-bedroom floor plans and include free Wi-Fi, flat-panel TVs, fully equipped kitchens and sofa beds. Non-smoking rooms are available. The hotel provides daily hot breakfast and light weekday dinner in the lobby area, or guests can prepare meals in the outdoor grilling area. The indoor pool and exercise room enable guests to stay fit, while the hot tub eases weary muscles. Travelers appreciate the guest laundry and the small market, as well as the business center. Pets are allowed for a fee. Parking is free. Right off the Merritt Parkway and less than four miles from I-95, the Homewood Suites is midway between Manhattan and Hartford. The shops and restaurants of New Haven are 20 minutes away, as is Yale University. Visit the Beardsley Zoo 10 minutes away, or drive 20 minutes to hike the trails in Sleeping Giant State Park. The ferry to Long Island and the train to Manhattan leave from Bridgeport, about 15 minutes away. Tweed New Haven Regional Airport is a 17-mile drive, and LaGuardia Airport is 63 miles from the hotel. more...
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New Haven Inn from 60 $ .Convenience and value meet at the New Haven Inn, with free continental breakfast plus quick downtown and interstate access. The low-rise New Haven Inn has 59 rooms featuring coffeemakers and cable TV, and non-smoking rooms are available. Guests enjoy a complimentary breakfast each morning. Pets are allowed at the hotel, and there is no charge for parking. The New Haven Inn is less than four miles northwest of downtown New Haven and five miles from I-91 and I-95. The area abounds with academia: Yale University is a 10-minute drive away, Southern Connecticut State University is two miles east and the University of New Haven is four miles from the hotel. When it comes to entertainment, nothing shines like the Shubert Theater, a 15-minute drive away. The hotel is also four miles northwest of the New Haven Green and nine miles from Tweed New Haven Regional Airport. more...
New Haven Inn is 16.03 mi from Housatonic Community College located on 100 Pond Lily Avenue Street in New Haven Click for Directions
The closest accommodation near Housatonic Community College Campus is Holiday Inn Bridgeport-Trumbull-Fairfield - 0.29 mi located on 1070 Main Street Street in Bridgeport
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Red Roof Inn Milford -New Haven
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The UNITED NATIONS IN SYRIA
THE SYRIAN ARAB RED CRESCENT
AND THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE RED CROSS
ON THE EVACUATION OF INJURED PEOPLE AND RELATIVES IN SYRIA’S IDLEB AND RIF DAMASCUS GOVERNORATES
Syria: Over 450 people including injured evacuated from hard to reach and besieged towns
Damascus (28 December 2015) - The United Nations (UN) in Syria, in partnership with the Syrian Arab Red Crescent (SARC), and the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) have successfully facilitated the evacuation of more than 450 people including the injured and their accompanying family members, following a local Agreement concerning the Syrian towns of Foua, Kafraya in Idleb and Zabadani and Madaya in Rif Damascus.
While the United Nations and partners are not party to the Agreement, the humanitarian actors are keen to see its provisions implemented as people in these towns live in a difficult situation, and the injured people urgently need medical assistance.
Earlier today, the UN in Syria, SARC and ICRC carried out coordinated tasks, which led to the evacuation of 338 persons from the towns of Foua and Kafraya, and 126 people from the towns of Zabadani and Madaya. They were simultaneously evacuated by land and air through Turkey and Lebanon to the agreed final destinations where those requiring longer term medical care will receive it.
Through the facilitation of the UN, SARC and ICRC in Syria, and in close coordination with the ICRC in Lebanon, the Lebanese Red Cross, the UN in Turkey and Lebanon and IHH Humanitarian Relief Foundation, an NGO partner in Turkey, the injured were transported out of Syria to Lebanon where thorough medical checks were conducted and urgent medical assistance was provided.
“The humanitarian community in Syria is keen to see the swift implementation of the next phases of the Four Towns Agreement including humanitarian access to people in these towns,” said Yacoub El-Hillo, UN Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator in Syria. “We stand ready to continue providing relief and livelihoods assistance to the millions of people wherever they are in Syria as they bear the brunt of this crisis,” El Hillo added.
“Today’s humanitarian action shows that even in the middle of fierce conflicts, agreements can be reached, solely for the purpose of alleviating human suffering,” said Marianne Gasser, Head of the ICRC Delegation in Syria. “Parties involved in the fighting, must allow access by humanitarian actors to all people who have been affected by years of fighting, especially to those in besieged and hard to reach areas, “she continued.
Dr Abdul Rahman Attar, the President of the SARC said: “Access to medical care is a right of every wounded person regardless of which side they belong to. SARC’s teams of volunteers, first-aiders and ambulances were heavily involved in the various stages of this operation inside Syria.”
On his side, the UN Special Envoy for Syria Staffan de Mistura said that the UN’s clear goal is to reach, as soon as possible a nationwide ceasefire. “Meanwhile, initiatives like this one bring relief to besieged or isolated communities and have great value,” de Mistura said. “They help the perception that a nationwide ceasefire brokered by the members of the International Syria Support Group is doable and that the UN can and will do its part.”
Across Syria, around 4.5 million people living in hard-to-reach areas continue with limited access to basic life-saving assistance and protection. Almost 400,000 of them live in besieged areas with little or no access to basic supplies or assistance. The United Nations and partners continue to urge all parties to the conflict to find a political solution, and to ensure unimpeded and sustained humanitarian access.
بيان صحفي مشترك
الأمم المتحدة في سورية،
والهلال الأحمر العربي السوري،
واللجنة الدولية للصليب الأحمر
حول إجلاء الجرحى وعائلاتهم من إدلب ومن ريف دمشق
سورية: إجلاء أكثر من 450 شخصًا بمن فيهم مصابين، من بلدات يتعذر الوصول إليها وأخرى محاصرة
دمشق 28 كانون الأول/ ديسمبر 2015
دمشق (28 ديسمبر 2015) - نجحت الأمم المتحدة في سورية بالتعاون مع الهلال الأحمر العربي السوري واللجنة الدولية للصليب الأحمر في إجلاء أكثر من 450 شخصاً بمن فيهم المصابين وأفراد عائلاتهم المصاحبين لهم، وذلك عقب التوصل إلى اتفاق محلي يشمل بلدات سورية هي الفوعة وكفريا في إدلب، والزبداني ومضايا في ريف دمشق.
وتجدرالإشارة هنا إلى أن الأمم المتحدة وشركاءها ليسوا شركاء في هذه الاتفاق، لكن الفاعلون في المجال الإنساني يحرصون على رؤية شروط الاتفاق وهي توضع موضع التنفيذ، إذ أن سكان هذه البلدات يعيشون في أوضاع صعبة للغاية، ويحتاج المصابون فيها إلى مساعدات طبية عاجلة.
ومن الجدير بالذكر، أن الأمم المتحدة في سورية نفذت بالتنسيق مع الهلال الأحمر العربي السوري واللجنة الدولية مهام أفضت إلى إجلاء 338 شخصاً من بلدتي الفوعة وكفريا، و126 شخصاً من بلدات الزبداني ومضايا. وقد أُجلي هؤلاء في وقت واحد براً وجواً عن طريق تركيا ولبنان، ليصلوا إلى البلدان المُقرر وصولهم إليها، ليحصل المصابون الذين يحتاجون إلى فترات أطول من الرعاية الطبية على تلك الرعاية.
وعن طريق جهود التيسير التي بذلتها الأمم المتحدة والهلال الأحمر السوري واللجنة الدولية في سورية وبالتنسيق الوثيق مع اللجنة الدولية في لبنان والصليب الأحمر اللبناني والأمم المتحدة في تركيا ولبنان ومؤسسة الإغاثة الانسانية، منظمة غير الحكومية في تركيا، نُقل المصابون من سورية إلى لبنان وتركيا حيث أُجريت لهم فحوصات طبية وحصلوا على مساعدات طبية عاجلة.
وحول هذه العملية ذكر السيد "يعقوب الحلو" المنسق المقيم للأمم المتحدة للشؤون الإنسانية في سورية بقوله: "إن المجتمع الإنساني في سورية توّاق إلى رؤية المراحل التالية للاتفاق الذي يشمل البلدات الأربع تدخل حيز التنفيذ في أسرع وقت، وتشمل تلك المراحل إيصال المساعدات الإنسانية إلى سكان تلك البلدات" ونوه السيد يعقوب قائلًا: "نحن على أتمّ الاستعداد لمواصلة تقديم المساعدات الإغاثية والمعيشية للملايين في سورية أينما كانوا، لنخفف عنهم وطأة المعاناة التي تخلفها هذه الأزمة ".
من جهتها أفادت السيدة "ماريان غاسر" رئيسة بعثة اللجنة الدولية للصليب الأحمر في دمشق قائلة: "إن التحرك الإنساني الذي نراه في يومنا الحاضر لهو خير دليل على أنه حتى في أشد النزاعات ضراوة يمكن التوصل إلى اتفاقات الغرض منها فقط هو تخفيف المعاناة الإنسانية". وأضافت قائلة: "يتعين على الأطراف المنخرطة في القتال السماح للجهات الإنسانية بالوصول إلى المتضررين من جراء سنوات من القتال الدائر، لا سيما أولئك العالقين في مناطق محاصرة أو مناطق يصعب الوصول إليها".
وفي السياق ذاته أفاد الدكتور "عبد الرحمن عطار" رئيس منظمة الهلال الأحمر العربي السوري بقوله: "إن الحصول على الرعاية الصحية حق مكفول لكل شخص جريح بصرف النظر عن الطرف الذي ينتمي إليه. وأن فرق المتطوعين والمسعفين التابعين للهلال الأحمر العربي السوري شاركوا بشكل مباشر في المراحل المختلفة لهذه العملية داخل سورية".
من جانبه ذكر المبعوث الخاص للأمم المتحدة إلى سورية السيد "ستافان دي ميستورا" أن للأمم المتحدة هدفاً واضحاً وهو التوصل إلى وقف لإطلاق النار يشمل كل أنحاء سورية في القريب العاجل. وقال: "ترمي مثل هذه المبادرات في الوقت ذاته إلى إيصال المساعدات الإغاثية إلى المجتمعات المحلية المحاصرة أو المعزولة، وهي بلا شك تحقق قيمة كبيرة. فهي تساعد في ترسيخ فكرة مفادها أن التوصل إلى وقف لإطلاق النار في جميع أرجاء البلاد بوساطة أعضاء في "مجموعة دعم سورية" لهو أمر قابل للتحقيق، وأن الأمم المتحدة قادرة على أداء دورها وهي ماضية في ذلك".
ويجب التنويه هنا إلى أن نحو 4,5 ملايين شخص يعيشون في مناطق يصعب الوصول إليها لا يزالون يعانون صعوبة في الحصول على المساعدات الأساسية المنقذة للحياة وعلى الحماية اللازمة. يعيش قرابة 400.000 منهم في مناطق تقع تحت الحصار حيث لا يصلهم إلا أقل القليل من الإمدادات أو المساعدات الأساسية إن وُجدت. وتواصل الأمم المتحدة بالتعاون مع شركائها حث جميع أطراف النزاع للتوصل إلى حل سياسي، ولضمان وصول المساعدات الإنسانية المستمرة دونما أية عوائق.
---انتهى
MR. STAFFAN DE MISTURA
Cairo, 13 September 2015
Mr. [President], Secretary-General Nabil Elaraby, distinguished ministers,
1. It is with a great sense of responsibility that I address you today – for the first time in Cairo – about what has become the world’s largest humanitarian disaster and perhaps one of the most complex political and security challenges of our times. History will judge us. I have said this at every occasion – the scope, danger and threat of the Syrian tragedy should force all of us to leave no stone unturned in trying to end this bloodshed helping Syrians to set their country on a path to healing and reconstruction.
Mr. [President],
2. Let me take a moment to recall my Office’s efforts to-date before we can address the way forward. I took on this assignment a few months after the end of the Geneva II process and the departure of Joint Special Representative Lakhdar Brahimi, a person I respect a lot. At that time, the Secretary-General undertook a deep assessment of the situation in Syria. On 20 June 2014 he made a quite important policy speech to the Asia Society where he outlined six UN priorities on Syria.
3. He emphasised the importance of saving lives and protecting the most precious for the Syrians, the dignity of the Syrian people. He called for new efforts to start a serious political process for a new Syria, and use the roadmap offered by the Geneva Communique for that purpose. The Communiqué is the roadmap. He urged regional and international players to lend their support to his Envoy in this respect. The Secretary-General also highlighted the importance of accountability for serious crimes, which we all know are being committed in Syria – and one day serious crimes need to be considered in the context of accountability -, and of addressing the regional dimensions of the conflict, including the extremist threat.
4. Guided by these priorities, I started my mission last September. Very quickly it became clear to me, as it remained so for you, that the political complexities of the Syrian conflict are such that there was no prospect for any political process at that time, and we needed to break this sense and not give up. Regretfully, Syrian, regional and international players, despite continuously repeating their support for a political solution. Everybody wished me good luck, saying there could only be a political solution. But other agendas were being moved forward away from the negotiations table.
5. Meanwhile Daesh took advantage of the chaos in Syria, set roots and started to expand, as well as threaten the entire region and beyond. Many, across all the political divides around the Syrian conflict, agreed on the urgent need to halt Daesh. I had hoped that this new factor, the threat of Daesh, would be enough to have a proactive discussion on fighting terrorism and the need for a political solution, as the two aspects go together. It should not be one before the other.
6. I sincerely hoped then that this unity against a common enemy could be taken to the next level. I proposed the Aleppo Freeze. In that proposal, I was guided by only one objective – saving lives from being killed by a barrel bomb or a stray mortar or gas, giving hope. Many were skeptical and remain so. Where they were right to a certain degree was that any such initiative could not work absent a political horizon. I got that message. That sense of urgency for a political horizon only intensified as horrifying images of Daesh continued atrocities, aerial bombardment by the Syrian Government, rockets by armed opposition groups affecting civilians.
7. Against this background, back in March in Sharm el-Sheikh addressing the League of Arab States, the Secretary-General instructed me to intensify efforts towards a political process. There was no indication of anything new, but he felt it essential after five years of war, 20 years after Srebrenica and as the UN was celebrating its 70th anniversary. He asked me to consult broadly with Syrians, and told me to look around to come up with recommendations on how to operationalize the Geneva Communique. On 5 May, I rolled-out a process of separate meetings with Syrian, regional and international stakeholders. We did my best to talk to all who could share any valuable analysis , and ensure that no Syrian could say he or she had not been heard.
8. As a result of over [200] meetings, in early July, I reported back to the Secretary-General my own analysis. As requested, we put forth a way to operationalize the Geneva Communique. This is the famous paper that was leaked, referencing the TGB. But unfortunately there was not enough critical mass to support this. Then I presented a process, although I do not like the term because of MEPP connotations, but it is needed to work on non-controversial issues, and maintain the pressure for a real political dialogue, regionally and beyond.
9. The themes are not new, but they require a new way to address them. They can be the beginning of a discussion. They include: safety and protection for all Syrian people; military, security and counter-terrorism issues; political and legal issues (and these two must start together, avoiding, with all due respect, what has happened in Libya), and this also include the whole essence of the TGB; and maintaining state institutions. The Secretary-General further stressed that no effort could be successful absent the substantive support from the region and the international community, except if we have a contact group to put political pressure fro countries with and influence on the situation. The plan is to start the working groups, but not giving up establishing the contact group.
10. The Security Council has since taken a constructive look at what can be done politically for with a feeling of urgency. As such in its Presidential Statement adopted on 17 August, the Council endorsed the UN proposals for a way forward and themselves “emphasize[d] the need for robust international and regional assistance”.
11. We are now in a new phase. There is a massive movement of refugees. There is a danger of further militarisation. We have a clear vision of the Security Council for a way forward, that includes progress on both the political track and the fight against terrorism, not one at the expense of the other. I have a clear task to make the thematic working groups happen and establish dialogue with the countries that have an influence – some of them are in this room.
12. Over the past two months, Deputy Ramzy and I have visited several capitals and engaged all the major Syrian interlocutors – and consultations continue to-date. We have worked out the internal organizational, but also conceptual, aspects of this next phase. From Cairo, I will have further discussions in Damascus and Istanbul to prepare the announcement of the working groups. We are ready to roll-out the working group process soon. But without a contact group we have no teeth.
13. I trust you have all noted the extensive media coverage of the exacerbating suffering in Syria. Barrel bombs, gas canisters and many other nasty weapons continue to be used on human beings in Syria. Thousands of years old world heritage artefacts are being blown up in pieces. Women, men, children, elders, doctors, farmers, engineers, teachers are running away from Syria. These are the middle class, those who can contribute to the future of Syria. Some of our humanitarian colleagues assess that only some 16 million people, out of 23 million originally, are now left in Syria – with several millions living in the Daesh-controlled area.
14. This situation is a defining humanitarian challenge of our times. It is now affecting Europe and has long been affecting the neighbourhood , which has been generously welcoming large numbers of refugees, such as in Jordan, Lebanon, Egypt, Turkey and Iraq. This requires us to move faster and to be more serious about helping the Syrians. Most importantly, we must share more effectively the burden of the humanitarian crisis - for which only 37% of the appeal has been covered so far -, many of you have been generous but if the Syrian people lose hope because of a harsh and cold winter ahead of them they will only be moving to more despration.
15. Things are also changing, including in this region. I hope that the forthcoming developments would help Iran engage its neighbours in order to provide together regional support for a political solution. We hope Iran’s neighbours would also reciprocate. The United States and Russia have also started to talk to each other more about Syria than before, but so far inconclusively. There will be more opportunities during the GA One must remember where the refugees come from. They are not fleeing a sudden rain or a terrorist group. They are leaving because of war.
16. Syria is at the heart of the Arab world. Today, Syria is bleeding. It has been for the past four years. I cannot but believe all of us have an interest – moral and political - to put an end to this human tragedy and political disaster.
17. A political solution to the Syrian problem – a very complicated one, I have never seen such a complex conflict in my career over four decades and twenty conflicts - cannot be resolved without active Arab participation. Almost every Syrian I have come across yearns for a unified country – they are proud of their country and they love it - in which its citizens, regardless of the religious or ethnic affiliation, live in freedom and dignity, but also a Syria that regains its historic position at the centre of the Arab world.
18. In sum, three new 'accelerators' have appeared on the scene: the advances of ISIL; the sudden / massive movement of refugees – which culd become more massive; and the potential military escalation, are all additional stimuli for a political process. The UN Secretary-General’s proposal includes two complementary tracks: (a) thematic working gorups in recognition that Syrians need to have their say on the Geneva Communique; and (b) a Contact Group in recognition of the regional and international dimensions of the conflict and their collective and individual responsibilities to see this conflict resolved. This will require the support of all around this table.
19. In concluding, I would lijke to invite all of us to observe a minute of silence in tribute to the martyrs of Syria. Many have died in Syria and in the Mediterranean, as symbolised by the picture of the child.
Statement attributable to the Spokesperson for the United Nations Special Envoy for Syria
Special Envoy Staffan de Mistura condemns the continued use of indiscriminate weapons in civilian areas in Syria. "The shelling of Damascus neighborhoods and suburbs, as well as other areas in Syria, which continues to indiscriminately kill and injur civilians, has no justification, but only further terrorizes the population," Mr. de Mistura stressed.
He expresses his sincere condolences to the families of the bereaved and wishes speedy recovery to the injured. Mr. de Mistura renews his call on all the warring parties in Syria to immediately cease attacks affecting any civilian. "Instead, all Syrian efforts should now be focused on finding a political solution to the unacceptable situation in their homeland," he added.
Within the framework of the ongoing Consultations on Syria, Special Envoy Staffan de Mistura visited the State of Qatar where he met with the Assistant Minister for Foreign Affairs Mr. Mohammad Bin Abdullah Bin Mutib Al Rumaihi on 12 July 2015.
On the same day, he visited the United Arab Emirates where he met with the Minister for Foreign Affairs Sheikh Abdullah Bin Zayed Al Nahyan.
Throughout his discussions, the Special Envoy noted once again the need for starting a process leading to a political solution to the Syrian crisis through constructive dialogue.
Mr. de Mistura will continue his consultations with Member States in the region in the coming few days.
13 July 2015, Geneva
في إطار المشاورات الجارية بشأن سوريا، زار المبعوث الخاص ستيفان دي ميستورا دولة قطر حيث التقى مع مساعد وزير الخارجية للشؤون الخارجية السيد محمد بن عبد الله بن متعب الرميحي في تاريخ 12 يوليو 2015.
وفي اليوم نفسه، زار دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة حيث التقى مع وزير الخارجية الشيخ عبدالله بن زايد آل نهيان.
أشار المبعوث الخاص مرة أخرى خلال مناقشاته على الحاجة الماسّة لبدء عملية تؤدي إلى حل سياسي للأزمة السورية من خلال الحوار البناء.
وسيواصل السيد دي مستورا مشاوراته مع الدول الأعضاء في المنطقة في الأيام القليلة القادمة.
13 يوليو 2015، جنيف
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Secrets of Chinese Tea
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For millennia, the Chinese have balanced their energy with tai chi, acupuncture, herbal medicine and more. Join Karine and learn more about their approach to healthy living.
The Three Gorges
Enjoy a scenic journey with Karine through China’s most dramatic region, the Yangtze River’s Three Gorges, and learn about some of the area’s residents, past and present.
Shanghai Acrobats
Dexterity and strength, passion and focus. Join Karine backstage as she watches some of the world’s most courageous artists perfect their gravity-defying acrobatics.
Chosen by the wealthy Pan family as the location of their retirement home, the Yuyuan Garden is a serene example of a traditional Chinese garden—juxtaposed against the backdrop of Shanghai.
The Art of Calligraphy
In China, calligraphy is not just a form of writing but it is a revered form of art that dates back millennia. Join Karine and learn its timeless secrets from an expert calligrapher.
Cooking with Karine: Noodles
Watch as onboard Viking Chef Fong gives Karine a hands-on lesson that reveals some traditional culinary secrets that go into preparing the world’s finest noodles.
Shibaozhai
Learn about mysterious Shibaozhai and the Bridge of Luck, beautifully situated in the middle of the mighty Yangtze. Join Karine as she unveils the secrets of this twelve-story temple.
The Story of Silk
From humble silkworms to beautiful custom silk jackets, learn how the most famous fabric of China is made as Karine takes you on a fascinating visit to a silk factory.
Giant Pandas of China
Do you know the legend of how the panda got its unique coloring? Find out as Karine meets these rare and treasured animals in the mountain forests of central China.
Venture into a Chinese night market to sample some of China’s most beloved delicacies. Join Karine and discover the secrets of hot pot, Peking duck, homemade noodles and more.
Karine helps reveal the heart of China’s greatest mystery. Once closed to all but royalty, now this legendary “treasure box” is open to guests like us.
What to Do in China?
Have a little extra time on your own while exploring China with Viking? Karine has a few recommendations for you, from tai chi in Beijing to exploring Taikan Lane in historic Shanghai.
Terra Cotta Warriors
Visit Xian, China with Karine, where you will marvel at arresting images of the famous Terra Cotta Army, sculpted in the 3rd century BC and still being excavated today.
Chinese Superstitions
Why do many Chinese office buildings lack a fourth floor? What color attracts prosperity? Join Karine and learn about some of China’s time-honored beliefs.
Yangtze School
Meet some of China’s next generation of enthusiastic citizens when you join Karine and Viking guests on an inspiring visit to a Viking-sponsored elementary school on the Yangtze River.
The Wonders of China
Home of the iconic Great Wall, China embodies a rich history set against a backdrop of breathtaking landscapes.
Chinese Language Lesson
Learn a few useful Mandarin words and phrases with Jessica, your Viking tutor. Nĭ hăo!
Page Viking River Cruises - Destination Videos Choose Viking, the world’s largest and best fleet of deluxe ships built for ocean travel. We are the most knowledgeable, experienced cruise travel company.
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Congee, or jok plaw, is an easy southeast Asian comfort food made with rice and ginger and whatever toppings you like though we’re partial to scallions, cilantro, and peanuts. Here’s how to make it.
“This is a gentle and comforting congee that heals and salves the soul. All is forgiven or forgotten after eating this suave silken potage. It is eaten for supper, a dinner alone or occasionally for breakfast. It is especially kind to those who are feeling unwell. Once done, it’s ready to use as a base for other, more complex congees. [Editor’s Note: And by “complex congees,” the author means those to which any number of things have been stirred in, whether scallion and cracked black pepper and a dash of soy sauce and a raw egg stirred in just before serving, as in the photo above, or shredded pork and and black pepper or shredded chicken and ginger or a sprinkling of peanuts or, well, just about anything, really.] Plain congee is really invalids’ food, but Thais and Chinese love its bland taste and easy-to-digest texture. Please note, many Chinese congee recipes use chicken stock in place of water. You can do that if you please. I suggest watering it down slightly if it’s a rich broth.–David Thompson
Rinse the rice well and drain it. Soak it in plenty of cold water for 2 to 3 hours–no longer or the cooked congee will be a thin, dull gruel with no perfume.
In a large, heavy pan, bring the water to a boil with the salt. Drain the rice and gradually pour it into the boiling water, stirring gently and constantly as the rice returns to a boil. (If the uncooked rice sticks to the pan and scorches, your congee will be ruined.)
When the rice begins to swell, turn down the heat to very low, cover with a lid, and simmer as gently as possible, stirring regularly and adding more water if needed, until the rice grains have almost dissolved, 45 minutes to 1 hour. The congee must simmer very, very gently, and it should not be too thick or dry–you may need to add more water as it cooks to maintain its soupy consistency. (If you didn’t use broken rice, you’ll need to cook it for somewhere around twice as long.)
Remove from the heat, cover, and set aside for a short spell or up to a few hours. Ladle into bowls and pass the ginger, black pepper, scallions, cilantro, and peanuts on the side for each person to add as they desire. Originally published January 11, 2012.
*What You Need To Know About Broken Rice
We’re going to borrow author David Thompson’s definition of broken rice, which is, as he says, “simply the grains of rice that break and shatter during the milling process.” In the eyes of some, these broken kernels are damaged goods, separated from the whole grains, as it can no longer be used to make steamed rice. Thompson explains further, saying “the starch spills out of the broken grains as they cook, making a gluggy, gluey mass. Terrible for steamed rice, but wonderful for soup! Some Thai cooks prefer new season’s rice for congee, saying it makes a more supple soup, while others incline to old grains, saying it has more character and aroma. I plump for the latter. Broken rice is easily bought in Thailand, and is usually available in Chinese grocery shops. It is also very easy to make: just lightly grind or pound the required amount.” If you just don’t have it in you to trek to Chinatown or pound rice, you can still partake of congee. Just use regular whole-grain rice and simmer it a little longer as mentioned in the recipe above.
Congee | Jok Plaw Recipe © 2011 David Thompson. Photo © 2011 Earl Carter. All rights reserved. All materials used with permission.
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Rami Malek Helped His Brother Cheat Video | A Degree In Greek Studies
Dave Parrack
Rami Malek, who has does a fantastic turn as Freddie Mercury in the film biopic Bohemian Rhapsody, has a twin brother. Which, as it turns out, can be rather handy.
In this video, Malek tells Graham Norton about the time he helped his brother pass his Greek Studies degree by performing in front of the class.
As lots of YouTube commenters have noted, Sally Field interrupts Rami’s story so much that it’s really rather annoying. But Malek doesn’t seem to mind.
Still, Sami Malek may be annoyed if Rami’s telling of this story leads to his degree being revoked. Which is entirely possible.
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Home NEWS India Caste discrimination a reality in Himachal schools
Caste discrimination a reality in Himachal schools
Shimla: Caste discrimination continues to leave a bad taste among students savouring their midday meals in almost every rural government school of Himachal Pradesh, a state where the literacy rate is at a high of 82.8 per cent.
Lower caste students face social discrimination in all school activities, including partaking the midday meal. Even the chefs employed in 15,000-plus government schools for cooking meals are largely from the higher castes.
The latest instance of segregating Dalit students in a government school in Kullu district during a live telecast of Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s programme has hogged the headlines.
But, claim social activists, that was not a stray incident.
They say centuries-old caste-based attitudes persist in almost every rural school despite India banning discrimination in 1955. The midday meal is a nationwide school programme of the Indian government to improve the nutritional status of school-age children.
Social activist Kuldeep Verma said caste-based discrimination during the serving of the midday meal is common in the state, more prominent in the extremely backward trans-Giri areas of Sirmaur district, and calls for dignity for the lower-caste community.
“You can visit any government school in the trans-Giri area and you will find separate queues for Dalit students during the midday meal. Even the head cook employed for preparing the meals is not from a lower caste,” Verma, who runs the People’s Action for People in Need (PAPN) NGO in Sirmaur, told IANS.
He said the students belonging to the higher castes are tutored by their parents against mingling with their peers belonging to the lower castes and to sit separately while in school.
Locals in the trans-Giri areas, mainly farmers cultivating ginger on small landholdings, have been fighting for decades to get the status of a Scheduled Tribe.
Himachal Pradesh has a population of over 6.8 million as per the Census for 2011, and Dalits comprise one fourth of the state’s population. It says more than 90 percent people live in rural areas — in 17,882 villages — of the total 20,690 revenue villages.
An optimistic Ashwani Kumar Thakur, Principal of the Government Senior Secondary School at Chikhar Satlai, one of the remotest schools located some 50 km from the state capital, told IANS they are educating the students about caste discrimination laws.
“We are sensitising our students so that they change their behaviour and attitudes, but at times we face strong resistance from village elders,” Thakur told IANS.
As per the guidelines of state education authorities, each student is asked to sit as per his roll number during all school activities, Thakur added.
Article 15 of the Constitution bars discrimination on the basis of caste and laws are in place to penalise it.
But sociologists believe the practice persists in the state as the most marginalised communities, including Dalits, are often barred from public places in villages like temples and water taps. Often students in schools across the state refuse to eat the midday meal because it was cooked by a Dalit.
They say such oral traditions and cultures are often practised in those areas where there is a culture of “devta” or deity worship.
“Old Himachal” areas that lie in Shimla, Sirmaur, Kullu, Mandi, Kinnaur and Lahaul-Spiti districts are known for worshiping deities for centuries. Take the case of the picturesque Kullu Valley, where 534 gods and goddesses “live”. They travel, play, get angry and demand penance. Each village or a cluster of hamlets has its own deity.
“Here in the land of gods, the devtas command and the people obey. The gods here are not idols enshrined in temples; they are alive,” says a book compiled by the Kullu administration in 2014 after year-long research on local deities.
The book says the gods “live” with the people. They “speak” to their followers and tell them what to do. The conduit between the mortals and the deities are the “agur”, the traditional shamans who form the core of the communities’ spiritual sustenance. The agur mediates between the people and the gods.
Noted Shimla-based writer S.R. Harnot, who knocked on the state high court’s door to end caste discrimination at a prominent Hindu temple near Bilaspur town, said the caste system is deeply entrenched in the state.
He said the “bajantris” (musicians) accompanying the deities largely belong to the lower castes.
“The bajantris can accompany the deity’s palanquin but they are not allowed to touch it or sit with their fellow villagers during puja,” Harnot told IANS.
“Discrimination on basis of caste is a striking reality. How can the state shirk its responsibility of creating a healthy society,” asked Harnot, whose popular novel “Hidimb” brings to the fore the plight of suppressed people in the state’s remote areas.
“The state must act pro-actively and begin the exercise in schools where a child learns his/her first lesson on the fundamental right to equality,” he added.
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Home Sports 2018 FIFA World Cup World Cup: Croatia’s Vida, Vukojevic Apologizes for Statements After Win
World Cup: Croatia’s Vida, Vukojevic Apologizes for Statements After Win
Croatia's Domagoj Vida celebrates after scoring his side's second goal during the quarterfinal match between Russia and Croatia at the 2018 soccer World Cup in the Fisht Stadium, in Sochi, Russia, Saturday, July 7, 2018. (AP Photo/Manu Fernandez)
Croatian footballer Domagoj Vida and national teams coaching staff assistant Ognjen Vukojevic have apologised for their statements after the victory over Russia in the FIFA World Cup quarterfinal match in Sochi, the Croatian Football Federation (CFF) announced on Monday.
In a video footage, recorded after the match in the locker rooms of the Croatian team and later circulated on social networks, Vida said ‘Glory to Ukraine,” while Vukojevic added that he dedicated the victory over Russia to people in Ukraine, reports Tass news agency.
“The Croatian Football Federation would like to emphasize that the aforementioned messages were merely a response to numerous messages of support received from Ukraine during the 2018 FIFA World Cup, considering the deep impact Vida and Vukojevic had in Ukraine when playing for powerhouse Dynamo Kiev,” the CFF said in a statement.
Vida played for Dynamo Kiev FC between 2013 and 2018, while Vukojevic played for the Ukrainian football club in 2008-2015.
“Nonetheless, Croatian Football Federation has pointed out to both Vida and Vukojevic as well as all other internationals to refrain from any messages that could be politically interpreted in the future,” the statement added.
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A regional journalism collaborative reporting on economic and social change in Kentucky, Ohio, and West Virginia.
With support from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, seven public media outlets across the three states have partnered to form the ReSource in order to strengthen news coverage of the area’s most important issues.
NAS To Fund Halted Mining Study
By Jeff Young • Dec 22, 2017
The National Academy of Sciences says it is pursuing private funding to complete a study of the health effects of mountaintop removal coal mining. As Jeff Young reports the Trump administration cited budget concerns when it ordered a halt to the study.
The National Academy of Sciences says it is pursuing private funding to complete a study of the health effects of mountaintop removal coal mining.
National Academies spokesperson Riya Anandwala says there has been no further information on the budget review and the study has remained on hold since August.
Rare Opportunity: Researchers See Potential In Mining Coal Waste
By Glynis Board • Dec 18, 2017
Mary Meehan
Throughout coal mining country of the Eastern U.S. you will find streams that run a peculiar rusty orange. It’s the result of pollution called acid mine drainage, or AMD. It’s estimated that about 10,000 miles of streams are polluted by AMD in Pennsylvania and West Virginia alone. In fact, researchers have calculated that every second, coal mines throughout the region are pumping out about 3,000 cubic feet of AMD. That’s roughly equal to an average May day’s flow of water in the Monongahela River as it winds through the region.
Some Rare Good News Concerning Opioids
By Aaron Payne • Dec 14, 2017
Alexandra Kanik | Ohio Valley ReSource
A survey put out by the National Institute on Drug Abuse found a rare bit of good news about the opioid crisis. As Aaron Payne reports, fewer teenagers are using opioid drugs.
The Monitoring the Future Survey results shows a continued decrease of opioid misuse by teens.
National Institute of Drug Abuse Director Dr. Nora Volkow says this is encouraging news as overdose and addiction rates continue to rise for adults.
Changing Course: “Tiny House” Project Tackles Big Problems In Coal Country
By Benny Becker • Dec 11, 2017
Benny Becker | Ohio Valley ReSource
The sound of power tools blends with teenage chatter as students clamber around, under, and over a trailer bed that they’re busy turning into a home. They’re part of a project called “Building It Forward,” which has vocational classes building tiny houses as a way of gaining practical skills and new confidence.
“Poverty Tour” Brings United Nations Expert To Ohio Valley
By Nicole Erwin • Dec 7, 2017
LBJ Library
Law professor Philip Alston is a United Nations expert on extreme poverty. In his position as a U.N. Special Rapporteur he reports on places where pervasive poverty and human rights issues intersect, places such as Haiti, south Asia and central Africa. His latest work, however, is taking him to parts of the U.S., including the Ohio Valley.
EPA Plans More Public Hearings On Coal Plan
By Glynis Board • Dec 6, 2017
In the wake of the hearings the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency hosted in West Virginia last week, the agency has decided to schedule more public hearings about the repeal of the Clean Power Plan - carbon regulations that aimed to limit greenhouse gas emissions.
R.I.P., CPP? Clean Energy Trend Likely To Continue Despite Trump’s Clean Power Repeal
Kenn Fisher, morgueFile.com
West Virginia Attorney General Patrick Morrisey stood in front of the state’s capitol to rally the roughly 120 coal miners and industry boosters gathered there.
“The fight against the unlawful Clean Power Plan started in Charleston, West Virginia,” Morrisey said, noting the state’s role in a legal challenge to the Obama-era rule.
Clean Power Plan’s Repeal Gets Hearing In Coal Country
By Glynis Board • Nov 30, 2017
Glynis Board/Ohio Valley ReSource
The Trump administration’s Environmental Protection Agency returned to friendly terrain in coal country this week for two days of public hearings on its proposal to repeal a key federal rule aimed at reducing pollution that contributes to climate change.
Last month EPA Administrator Scott Pruitt chose an eastern Kentucky mining town as the venue to announce his intent to repeal the Clean Power Plan, the Obama-era rule that sought to limit greenhouse gas emissions from power plants.
A group of about 30 coal miners in work apparel complete with hardhats sat in one of the three hearing rooms to hear their boss, Bob Murray. Murray is CEO of the Ohio-based coal company Murray Energy, and a leading opponent of the Clean Power Plan. He applauded EPA’s decision to repeal the regulation.
“God bless President Trump, and you coal miners,” Murray said. “I love you, fellas. God bless you.”
Serving Those Who Served: Veterans Pantry Program Reaches Out To Hungry
By Nicole Erwin • Nov 22, 2017
Nicole Erwin/ Ohio Valley ReSource
Napoleon famously said that an army marches on its stomach. Troops must be fed in order to fight. But what happens when that army faces hunger after marching back home?
Federal statistics show tens of thousands of U.S. military veterans struggle with homelessness, hunger and food insecurity.
As the holiday season approaches, a pilot program in the Ohio Valley aims to serve those who served their country.
Gutting Guest Worker Rights: Migrant Labor Bill Cuts Protections
Nicole Erwin/Ohio Valley ReSource
Roberto Gonzales and six other workers came from Nayarit, Mexico, to work on a Garrard County, Kentucky, tobacco farm using a guest worker program called the H-2A visa.
The Department of Labor program guarantees a wage in Kentucky of $10.92 an hour. But Gonzales said the workers were only getting between $3 and $8 per hour. So they went on strike.
Senate Narrowly Confirms Trump's Pick to Fill Top Mine Safety Position
By Becca Schimmel • Nov 15, 2017
The U.S. Senate voted along party lines Wednesday, 52 to 46, to narrowly confirm President Trump’s nominee to lead the Mine Safety and Health Administration, or MSHA.
Carbon Capture Reconsidered: Big-Ticket Climate Fix Gets A Fresh Look
By Glynis Board, Ohio Valley ReSource • Nov 13, 2017
A bipartisan group in Congress, including several Ohio Valley lawmakers, is pushing for more federal support for technology known as carbon capture and storage.
Schools Form Research Consortium On Opioid Epidemic
By Aaron Payne • Nov 9, 2017
At a conference last year on the region’s opioid crisis, journalist Sam Quinones presented a call to action to Northern Kentucky University.
Quinones is author of the influential book on the opioid crisis, “Dreamland,” and a tireless speaker on the topic. At conferences and other events in the Ohio Valley he frequently makes a plea: create an addiction research hub among regional institutions affected by the epidemic.
NKU decided to give it a shot.
“We looked and saw who was doing any kind of research related to health,” Vice Provost for Graduate Education, Research and Outreach Samantha Langley-Turnbaugh said. “We sent an invitation for them to come to campus last December and to start to talking about opioid addiction and the possibility of forming a consortium.”
Striking Migrant Farm Workers Win Settlement
By Benny Becker • Nov 8, 2017
After about three weeks on strike, a group of migrant workers employed at a tobacco farm in Gerrard County, Kentucky have reached a settlement with the farm’s owner.
The workers came from Mexico under the H2A visa program, which allows foreign nationals to enter the U.S. for temporary or seasonal farm work. The Department of Labor program also sets a minimum wage for the workers and requires the employer to provide for costs associated with the work, such as work supplies and travel to and from the farm.
Tobacco’s Toll: New Push To Stop Smoking In Country’s Sickest States
By Mary Meehan • Nov 6, 2017
Hundreds of kids scurrying to buses are oblivious to a sign above them declaring Bourbon County High School “100 percent Tobacco Free.”
But upstairs in the library, sophomore and anti-smoking advocate Jacob Steward unfurls a six-foot scroll with earth-toned papers trapped between clear sheets of laminate. He begins reading the anti-smoking slogans he’ll post around the school.
Trumps Cite Ohio Valley Experience In Opioid Emergency Plan
By Aaron Payne • Oct 27, 2017
President Donald Trump outlined on Thursday his long-awaited plan to address the opioid crisis as a national public health emergency. Part of that plan was based on experiences in the Ohio Valley region.
In an address at the White House Thursday both President Trump and First Lady Melania Trump mentioned efforts in the Ohio Valley region to help infants affected by the crisis.
Trump said that a hospital nursery in West Virginia treats one in every five babies for symptoms of addiction.
Little Regional Coordination As Trump Addresses Opioid Emergency
Courtesy White House Office of the First Lady
EDITOR's NOTE: This story has been updated to include new information regarding the timing of an emergency declaration.
Many lawmakers from the Ohio Valley region are expected at the White House Thursday as President Donald Trump delivers an address on the opioid crisis.
It is still not clear when the president will unveil a long-awaited emergency declaration on the epidemic.
Speedy Decision: Are Poultry Processors Pushing Safety Limits?
By Nicole Erwin • Oct 23, 2017
USDA/Bob Nichols
After serving five years in the Navy Tyler Dunn has returned home to Hickman, Kentucky.
These days, if he isn’t at work at the local liquor store or completing assignments for a business degree, you might find him surrounded by one of several stray cats he saved from a parking lot.
Trying Times For Transit: Rural Systems Face Flat Funding And Rising Demand
By Becca Schimmel • Oct 16, 2017
The Ohio Valley region has disproportionately high numbers of seniors and people living with disabilities and on low incomes - those are all groups that frequently depend on public transit. Without transit, older people lose independence, and reaching a doctor or workplace becomes much harder. A new report finds that demand for transit in rural areas is climbing faster than in cities, but spending on rural transit is not keeping pace with demand.
'Matewan' Revisited: Film Unearthed Region’s Buried Labor History
By Jeff Young • Oct 9, 2017
Thirty years ago the premiere of a small-budget, independent film had an out-sized effect on how many people in Appalachian coal country thought about their region and their past.
Bipartisan Bill Would Prop Up Coal Miners’ Pensions
By Becca Schimmel • Oct 5, 2017
A bipartisan Congressional group from the Ohio Valley and beyond introduced a new bill to save pensions for retired union coal miners throughout the region.
The American Miners Pension Act, or AMP, would secure pensions for about 43,000 miners in Kentucky, Ohio and West Virginia whose retirement benefits have been undermined by the decline of the coal industry.
West Virginia Democratic Senator Joe Manchin said Congress acted to protect miners’ health benefits last year but pensions got kicked down the road.
Opioids On Trial: Can Lawsuits Help Fix The Addiction Crisis?
By Aaron Payne • Oct 2, 2017
Courtesy WFPL.
When health care and law enforcement officials met recently at a health policy forum in Lexington, Kentucky, to share ideas about the opioid crisis, Kentucky Attorney General Andy Beshear listed some groups that have benefited from money won in a 2015 settlement with Purdue Pharma, the maker of OxyContin.
The New Normal: Super Storms Highlight Importance Of Disaster Planning
By Glynis Board • Sep 25, 2017
Susan Jack
Harvey. Irma. Maria.
The hurricane season’s super-charged storms have highlighted the importance of disaster planning, and the aftermath offers a fresh lesson in just how long and difficult recovery can be.
Communities in the Ohio Valley, some still recovering from flash floods themselves, are looking at ways to prepare for what emergency management professionals warn is an era of more frequent extreme weather.
It’s time, experts say, to get ready for the new normal.
“Night From Hell”
NAFTA Talks Have Ohio Valley Pork Producers Nervous
By Nicole Erwin, Ohio Valley ReSource • Sep 21, 2017
Talks on renegotiating NAFTA, the North American Free Trade Agreement, are set for later this month and farm country is concerned about the potential fallout from a trade dispute. Pork producers are especially nervous about the implications of a threat from President Trump to place a 20 percent tariff on Mexican food imports.
The Big Latch: Rising Breast-feeding Rates Could Boost Region’s Health
By Mary Meehan • Sep 18, 2017
Edwin Hall is dressed in a footed onesie covered in the pastel shades of monkeys and hippos.
Although Edwin is just seven weeks old, he already tells his mom when he’s hungry with a sharp and persistent yelp.
Soon after he gets her attention, Edwin is practicing his sucking technique. His mom, Sarah, with the dazed look of the sleep deprived, talks with a La Leche League volunteer at the Madison County, Kentucky, Health Department about some breast-feeding challenges.
New Mine Safety “Assistance” Program Raises Concerns
By Becca Schimmel • Sep 14, 2017
MHSA
Lawmakers and union leaders are raising concerns about the federal Mine Safety and Health Administration’s practices amid an increase in coal fatalities.
Trouble In The Air: Herbicide Dicamba Blamed For Crop Damage
By Nicole Erwin • Sep 11, 2017
Jacob Goodman drove toward a soybean field in western Kentucky in hopes of seeing something different. Most of the 2,500 acres of soybeans his family farms here in Fulton County haven’t been looking so good, but trees that line Running Slough River protect this plot.
Waiting For A Plan: No Action On Opioid Crisis Nearly A Month After Trump’s “Emergency”
By Aaron Payne • Sep 7, 2017
Rebecca Kiger
It’s been nearly one month since President Trump told a group of reporters he was declaring the opioid crisis a national emergency.
“The opioid crisis is an emergency, and I am saying, officially, right now, it is an emergency,” the president said at his golf resort in New Jersey on August 10.
Coal Fatalities Rise: Miner Deaths Increase Amid Low Coal Employment
By Becca Schimmel • Sep 5, 2017
A rash of fatal coal mining accidents in the Ohio Valley region pushed the nation’s total number of mining deaths to a level not seen since 2015, sparking concern among safety advocates.
Already this year 12 miners have died on the job in the U.S., compared to eight fatalities in all of 2016.
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Flood Awareness Flood Awareness
Hazard ManagementCurrently selected
Home » Hazard Management » Flood Awareness
Flood Awareness Map
As Flood Hazard Leader, the Department for Environment and Water (DEW) takes a leadership and coordination role for the planning of activities relating to flood in South Australia. This role is led by the Fire and Flood Management Unit within DEW.
The Fire and Flood Management Unit works closely with a number of agencies to undertake activities to help prevent, prepare, respond and recover from floods. These include the South Australian State Emergency Service (SES) the Control Agency (response agency) for flood, the South Australian Fire and Emergency Commission (SAFECOM), the Bureau of Meteorology, State and Local Government and non-government organisations.
The Flood Awareness Map on this website and the Frequently Asked Questions about flood have been designed to assist the public with learning about their flood risk. This project has been developed with funding support from the Natural Disaster Resilience Program, an initiative of the National Strategy for Disaster Resilience.
Other activities that the Fire and Flood Management Unit are currently undertaking include:
Assisting emergency response including the SES with operational activities during a flood event;
With the support of SAFECOM, undertaking risk assessments to identify the priority flood risks in South Australian Emergency Management Zones and the state;
In partnership with DEW’s River Murray Operations Unit, providing flood warnings for the River Murray in South Australia and advice to the community and emergency managers on River Murray flood risk;
Working with a range of government agencies, councils and other stakeholders to improve flood management in areas such as flood warning, land use planning, community awareness, mitigation and emergency management.
For further information about emergency management planning in South Australia or the Natural Disaster Resilience Program, visit the South Australian Fire and Emergency Commission page.
For more information about how to prepare for a flood or what to do in the event of a flood, visit the SES FloodSafe page.
For current information on flooding, such as flood warnings, rainfall and river levels, visit the Bureau of Meteorology page.
Funding for the Flood Awareness Map and associated web pages was provided by the Commonwealth Attorney Generals Department and the South Australian State Government from the Natural Disaster Resilience Program administered by the South Australia Fire and Emergency Service Commission.
All Levee Profile Mapping
Patawalonga Lake System
River Murray Infrastructure Data
River Murray Inundation Maps
DPTI – Rivers and Lakes Hazard Map
National Strategy for Disaster Resilience
Renmark Paringa Flood Ready Guide
SES - FloodSafe
South Australian State Emergency Service
© Crown in right of the State of South Australia Last updated: 26 March 2018
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Albion v Charlton match preview
Slaven Bilić’s Baggies will look to extend their unbeaten home run in the Sky Bet Championship to 14 games with a win against Charlton Athletic at The Hawthorns on Saturday, October 26 (ko 3pm).
•Tickets are on general sale and can be bought here.
Their last outing
Charlton lost 2-1 on Wednesday night against Bristol City in their latest fixture.
Macauley Bonne fired Charlton ahead at Ashton Gate after the hour mark, but Bristol City levelled ten minutes later through Famara Diedhiou. With four minutes left to play Diedhiou was sent off, however despite being a man down, Josh Brownhill scored in injury time to win the game for the Robins.
CHARLTON: Phillips; Pearce, Oshilaja, Lockyer; Kayal (Aneke 72), Foster-Caskey (Solly 36), Cullen, Field (Pratley 33); Gallagher, Bonne, Leko.
Substitutes: Maynard-Brewer, Davison, Sarr, Öztümer.
After rising through the youth ranks at Charlton, Lee Bowyer went on to enjoy an impressive playing career before taking charge at The Valley in March 2018 - 24 years after he made his senior debut for the club in 1994.
In his first campaign as Addicks boss, Bowyer guided Charlton to promotion via the League One Play-Offs after finishing third in the table.
In the summer, Bowyer signed Baggies duo Sam Field and Jonathan Leko on season-long loans to help his team tackle the higher demands of the Championship.
Macauley Bonne arrived at The Valley in the summer, signing from Leyton Orient, where he averaged a goal every other game to fire in 23 goals in 46 games to help the O’s to secure promotion back to the EFL after a season in the National League.
The Zimbabwean international has netted four goals in his last five games for Lee Bowyer’s team.
Our last meeting
The last time Albion faced Charlton was in a 1-1 draw at The Valley. Greg Halford put the Addicks ahead on the half-hour mark, but just before the interval Kevin Phillips levelled for the Baggies.
The away draw would kickstart an eight game unbeaten run for Tony Mowbray’s men as they marched on to win the 2007/08 Championship title, lifting the trophy at Loftus Road on the last day of the season.
• The Baggies remain undefeated at The Hawthorns in the Championship since February, a run stretching 13 matches - the club's third-longest in history.
• Albion’s goal tally of 24 makes them joint-highest scorers in the league, sharing the same total as Preston North End.
• Bilić’s team have lost just one of their 13 Championship fixtures this season, falling to their only league defeat against Leeds United at the beginning of the month.
• Charlton are in tenth place after 13 games having scored 19 and conceded 14 (W6, D3, L4).
• The Addicks have gone behind in five games this season, fighting back in one match to draw 2-2 against Barnsley, while losing the other four fixtures.
• In the league Bowyer’s team have won two, drawn two and lost two away from home this season.
Albion wins
Charlton wins
Our man to watch
Bilić’s men came from two goals down to draw against Barnsley on Tuesday night - a comeback Matheus Pereira was central to.
Firstly, the Baggies’ Brazilian playmaker took the corner which found its way into the Barnsley net for Albion’s first, before meeting a Conor Townsend cross with an impressive header to restore parity.
Best of social
Check out Albion's second goal against Barnsley on Tuesday night.
Goal No.𝟯 for @MatheusPereira 🎯
And how about that delivery from @conortownsend93 to tee up the Brazilian?! 👏🏼#WBA pic.twitter.com/rKZqJTsTWJ
— West Bromwich Albion (@WBA) October 23, 2019
The referee for Saturday’s fixture will be Matthew Donohue, and he’ll be assisted by Robert Hyde and Timothy Wood - with Nik Barnard acting as the fourth official.
Matthew Donohue is yet to officiate an Albion game, having watched over his first Championship fixture in August. Since then, he has took charge of seven second-tier fixtures, and will make his Hawthorns debut on Saturday.
Tickets remain on general sale for the game and can be bought online, in person from the East Stand Ticket Office or by calling 0121 227 2227.
Seniors (over 65s)
Comprehensive coverage of the clash with Charlton is available in our Match Centre, where you can listen to live commentary on WBA Radio or follow our live text feed.
WBA Radio is the only service that allows Baggies fans around the world - from Smethwick to the Sahara - access to uninterrupted live commentaries from every one of our competitive games. iFollow subscribers can join Gez Mulholland and Andy Johnson for Baggies-biased live commentary on Saturday.
International supporters who have an iFollow subscription may be able to live stream the game depending on where they are located around the world. To find out, click here.
West Bromwich Albion vs Charlton Athletic on 26 Oct 19
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RIN 0651-AC49
Changes in Requirements for Specimens and for
Affidavits or Declarations of Continued Use or
Excusable Nonuse in Trademark Cases
AGENCY: United States Patent and Trademark Office, Commerce
ACTION: Final Rule
SUMMARY: In order to help assess and ensure the accuracy of the trademark
register, the United States Patent and Trademark Office ("USPTO") is
revising the Trademark Rules of Practice and the Rules of Practice for
Filings Pursuant to the Madrid Protocol to allow the USPTO to: upon request,
require any additional specimens, information, exhibits, and affidavits or
declarations deemed reasonably necessary to examine a post registration
affidavit or declaration of continued use or excusable nonuse in trademark
cases, and for a two-year period, conduct a pilot program for the USPTO to
assess the accuracy and integrity of the register; and upon request, require
more than one specimen in connection with a use-based trademark
application, an allegation of use, or an amendment to a registered mark.
These revisions aim to ensure the ability to rely on the trademark register
as an accurate reflection of marks that are actually in use in the United
States for the goods/services identified in the registration, and thereby
reduce costs and burdens on the public.
The Trademark Act gives the Director discretion regarding the number of
specimens to require. Moreover, it requires applicants to comply with rules
as prescribed by the Director. Additionally, the Director and USPTO may
establish regulations governing the conduct of proceedings in the Office.
The current Trademark Rules of Practice and Madrid Rules require the
submission of one specimen per class in connection with use-related filings
and one specimen in connection with the amendment to a registered mark. In
addition, although the current rules allow the USPTO to require additional
information or exhibits deemed reasonably necessary to the examination of a
pending application, no counterpart rule exists in the post registration
context to facilitate proper examination of an affidavit or declaration of
continued use or excusable nonuse. The rule changes will allow the USPTO to
require additional proof of use of a mark when deemed reasonably necessary
for examination of a use-related filing in a particular application or
The rule changes also will allow the USPTO to conduct a limited-duration
pilot program to verify the accuracy of post registration claims that a
trademark is in use on particular goods/services. In conducting the pilot,
the USPTO intends to randomly select approximately 500 trademark
registrations for which Section 8 or 71 affidavits are being filed and issue
an Office action requiring proof of use of the mark on two additional
goods/services per class. As the pilot will be conducted over a two-year
period with the filing of Section 8 or 71 affidavits, the USPTO is amending
the rulemaking to indicate that the language authorizing the USPTO to assess
the accuracy and integrity of the register will expire two years after the
effective date of the final rule and only apply to Section 8 or 71
affidavits. Although the USPTO is sunsetting its authority to randomly ask
for additional proof of use, it is maintaining authority to probe accuracy
when reasonably necessary for proper examination of a particular application
or registration. The rule changes will facilitate an assessment of the
reliability of the trademark register in this regard, so that the USPTO and
stakeholders may determine whether and to what extent a general problem may
exist and consider measures to address it, if necessary.
DATES: This rule is effective on June 21, 2012.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION: Contact Cynthia C. Lynch, Office of the Deputy
Commissioner for Trademark Examination Policy, by telephone at
To benefit the public, the USPTO is revising the Trademark Rules of
Practice (37 CFR Part 2) and the Rules of Practice for Filings Pursuant to
the Madrid Protocol ("Madrid Rules") (37 CFR Part 7) to allow the USPTO to:
(1) upon request, require any specimens, information, exhibits, and
affidavits or declarations deemed reasonably necessary to examine a post
registration affidavit or declaration of continued use in trademark cases,
and assess the accuracy and integrity of the register; and (2) upon request,
require more than one specimen in connection with a use-based trademark
The revisions will facilitate the USPTO's ability to verify the accuracy
of identifications of goods/services. The accuracy of the trademark register
as a reflection of marks that are actually in use in the United States for
the goods/services identified in the registration serves an important
purpose for the public. The public relies on the register to clear
trademarks that they may wish to adopt or are already using. Where a party
searching the register uncovers a similar mark, registered for goods or
services that may result in confusion of consumers, that party may incur a
variety of resulting costs and burdens, such as changing plans to avoid use
of the mark, investigative costs to determine how the similar mark is
actually used and assess the nature of any conflict, or cancellation
proceedings or other litigation to resolve a dispute over the mark. If
a registered mark is not actually in use in the United States, or is not in
use on all the goods/services recited in the registration, these types of
costs and burdens may be incurred unnecessarily. Thus, accuracy and
reliability of the trademark register help avoid such needless costs and
burdens, and thereby benefit the public.
Specimens of use in use-based trademark applications illustrate how the
applicant is using the proposed mark in commerce on particular goods/
services identified in the application. Post registration affidavits or
declarations of use and their accompanying specimens demonstrate a
trademark owner's continued use of its mark in commerce for the goods/
services in the registration. As part of a pilot program to assess the
accuracy of the identifications of goods/services of currently registered
marks, the USPTO anticipates issuing requirements for additional proof of
use in conjunction with the review of post-registration maintenance filings
for approximately 500 registrations.
On April 26, 2010, the USPTO and the George Washington University Law
School hosted a roundtable discussion on the topic of "The Future of the
Use-Based Register." Panelists and audience members explored the
implications of the decision of the Court of Appeals for the Federal
Circuit in In re Bose Corp., 580 F.3d 1240, 91 USPQ2d 1938 (Fed. Cir.
2009), clarifying the high standard for fraud on the USPTO in connection
with trademark cases.
A "brainstorming" session at the conclusion of the roundtable resulted
in a list of suggestions for how to improve the accuracy of identifications
of goods/services. These suggestions were not focused on fraud, as was the
Bose decision, but rather on the accuracy of the register. Several
participants made the suggestion that the USPTO require additional
specimens, or a specific type of proof of use of a mark, for all, or more
than one, of the identified goods/services. Such additional requirements
could help provide information regarding the extent to which a problem with
inaccuracy exists on the register, and could help discourage inaccuracies.
specimens to require (15 U.S.C. 1051(a)(1), (d)(1), 1058(b)(1)(C),
1141k(b)(1)(C)). Moreover, it requires applicants to comply with rules as
prescribed by the Director (15 U.S.C. 1051(a)(4), (b)(4)). Additionally,
the Director and USPTO may establish regulations governing the conduct of
proceedings in the Office (15 U.S.C. 1123, 35 U.S.C. 2(b)(2)(A)). The
current Trademark Rules of Practice and Madrid Rules mandate the submission
of one specimen per class in connection with use-related filings (37 CFR
2.34(a)(1)(iv), 2.56(a), 2.76(b)(2), 2.86(a)(3), 2.86(b), 2.88(b)(2),
2.161(g), 7.37(g)). Similarly, the current rules require one specimen to be
submitted in connection with an amendment to a registered mark (37 CFR
2.173(b)(3)). In addition, although the current Trademark Rules of Practice
allow the USPTO to require additional information or exhibits deemed
reasonably necessary to the examination of a pending application (37 CFR
2.61(b)), no counterpart rule exists in the post registration context to
facilitate proper examination of an affidavit or declaration of continued
use or excusable nonuse.
To ensure that the USPTO may properly examine affidavits or
declarations, and the nature and veracity of the use claimed therein,
additional specimens or other information or exhibits, such as a photograph
of the mark appearing on certain goods, may be needed. Accompanying
affidavits or declarations to verify information or exhibits may also be
needed. One purpose of the final rule is to allow the USPTO to require
trademark applicants or registrants to submit any additional specimens or
other information, exhibits and affidavits or declarations reasonably
necessary for proper examination. A second purpose of the rule is to allow
the USPTO to conduct a limited-duration post registration pilot program to
verify the accuracy of claims that a trademark is in use on particular
goods/services, as a means to assess and improve the accuracy and integrity
of the register. The rule does not focus on fraud issues, but only on the
more general concern with ensuring accuracy. A third purpose of the rule is
to harmonize the requirements that can be made as part of the examination
of use allegations made in post registration maintenance documents with the
requirements currently authorized in the examination of use allegations made
prior to registration.
Proposed Rule and Request for Comments
A proposed rule was published in the Federal Register on July 12, 2011,
at 76 FR 40839, and in the Official Gazette on August 9, 2011. The USPTO
received comments from six intellectual property organizations and four
attorneys and/or law firms. These comments are posted on the USPTO's Web
site at http://www.uspto.gov/trademarks/law/comments_requirements_for_
specimens_or_evidence.jsp, and are addressed below.
References below to "the Act," "the Trademark Act," or "the statute"
refer to the Trademark Act of 1946, 15 U.S.C. 1051 et seq., as amended.
References to "TMEP" or "Trademark Manual of Examining Procedure" refer
to the 8th edition, October 2011.
Comment: Five commenters expressed support of the USPTO's efforts to
ensure the accuracy of the trademark register but expressed concern
regarding the lack of more specific criteria signaling when and to what
extent an owner might expect a request for additional evidence, specimens,
or information under the rule changes. Two commenters speculated that the
only way an owner might mitigate these concerns would be to preemptively
submit additional specimens in all filings; and another commenter noted
that, without further guidelines, the rules could be implemented to create
an unfair burden on certain trademark owners.
Response: The USPTO appreciates the commenters' support of the general
objective of the rule changes, namely, requiring additional evidence or
specimens to allow the USPTO to assess the accuracy and integrity of the
register. The USPTO initially intends to accomplish this objective by
conducting a pilot in which approximately 500 trademark registrations for
which Section 8 or 71 affidavits are being filed will be randomly selected
to receive an Office action requiring proof of use of the mark on two
additional goods/services per class. If the owner is unable to provide the
requested proof of the mark appearing on or in connection with the
specified goods/services, those goods/services in question will be deleted
from the registration, and the Section 8 or 71 affidavit will be subject to
further review.
Because the USPTO and stakeholders initially desire information about
the level of accuracy of the register, rather than assuming that widespread
inaccuracies exist, the rules permit the USPTO to randomly select for the
pilot from among all types of registrations. This will ensure that the
resulting assessment is not skewed by consideration of registrations with
particular criteria, and that implementation of the rules does not create
an unfair burden on specific types of trademark owners.
Contrary to the suggestion by some commenters, owners need not submit
additional specimens with all Section 8 or 71 affidavits. The approximately
500 registrations selected to participate in the two-year pilot represent
less than 1% of the total number of affidavits usually processed during a
typical six-month period. Moreover, owners of the registrations selected
will be afforded the usual post registration response period to the Office
action requiring additional information.
To address concerns regarding the long-term impact of the rule changes
beyond the pilot, the USPTO is amending the rulemaking to indicate that the
language authorizing the USPTO to assess the accuracy and integrity of the
register will expire two years after the effective date of the final rules
on Section 8 and 71 affidavits. This "sunset provision" allows the USPTO
the necessary authority to randomly sample Section 8 and 71 affidavits in
order to conduct the pilot. Upon expiration of the two-year period,
additional specimens and information may be requested when the USPTO deems
it reasonably necessary for examination of a particular Section 8 or 71
affidavit. The USPTO is eliminating from the final rulemaking other
provisions included in the proposed rule which would have authorized
requests for additional specimens and information to assess the accuracy
and integrity of the register both prior to registration and in connection
with a Section 7 amendment to a registration. In those contexts, the final
rules provide that the USPTO may request additional specimens and
information only when reasonably necessary for examination. Therefore,
although the USPTO is sunsetting its authority to ask randomly for
additional specimens and information, it is maintaining authority to probe
accuracy when reasonably necessary for proper examination of a particular
Comment: Due to the potential burden on trademark owners and broad
discretion given to examiners, three commenters suggested a targeted
approach in determining when the USPTO would request additional specimens.
One commenter requested a provision in the rules or TMEP that the USPTO
only require additional specimens on special occasions; for example, where
identifications include a large number of, or significant disparity in,
goods or services, and that the standards for requiring additional
specimens for house marks be relaxed as compared to other identifications.
Another commenter suggested that specific guidelines be enacted to
direct the exercise of discretion in requesting additional specimens. For
example, an examiner should be required to identify some other fact-based
reason, beyond the number of goods or services in an application, to
justify a request for additional specimens, such as where a Web site does
not show use of a mark with all goods or services. Moreover, the TMEP
should be revised to include specific guidelines for when an examiner can
request additional specimens.
A third commenter suggested that in order to achieve the desired result
of a more accurate register, implementation of the proposed rules should be
accompanied by guidance describing instances in which additional evidence
can be required. The commenter suggested that applications and
registrations be flagged for heightened scrutiny and additional specimens
or evidence of use if they use class headings in the identification,
include unrelated and unlikely goods within a class, use multiple languages
on packaging, include a lengthy list of related goods or services, or
encompass alphabetically arranged "data dumps" from the ID manual.
Response: The USPTO determined that its objective of assessing the
accuracy and integrity of the register could be better reached by randomly
selecting the registrations chosen to participate in the pilot rather than
targeting a specific subset of registrations. While the USPTO concurs that
in the long term, a "targeted" approach may be appropriate, an initial
assessment of a wide cross section of all types of registrations will best
determine appropriate criteria for targeting. The limited nature of the
pilot and "sunset provision" are geared to alleviate concerns regarding
potential burdens to trademark owners. The USPTO has opted to initially
request proof of use for two additional goods/services per class for
registrations selected for the pilot. Thus, the potential burden will not
be greater on trademark owners with particular types of registrations,
including those for house marks or with lengthy identifications.
Comment: One commenter requested clarification whether trademark owners
would face additional fees and surcharges for supplemental filings required
under the new rules. The commenter noted that it was unclear whether a
response to a request for additional evidence must be completed according
to the same timeline as other responses and if an owner would need to pay a
deficiency surcharge for a deficiency that did not exist until the request.
Response: No additional fees or surcharges will be required under the
new rules. Owners must respond to an Office action requiring additional
information or specimens within six months of the issuance date of the
Office action, or before the end of the relevant filing period for the
Section 8 or 71 affidavit, whichever is later (37 C.F.R. 2.163(b),
7.39(a)). Although such an Office action may address other items unrelated
to the pilot program, and those other items may trigger a deficiency
surcharge, a request under the new rules pertaining to the pilot would not
be considered a deficiency requiring an additional fee.
Comment: One commenter expressed that typical trademark file histories
are "too skimpy" with respect to specimens. The commenter further explained
that advances in technology, and the USPTO's information technology, have
made it easier for trademark owners to submit photographs for specimen use.
The commenter, therefore, suggested that specimens be required for each
good or service, along with liberal correction of the specimen record. The
commenter additionally expressed his preference for a date of use to be
listed for every good and service so that priority of use is easier for the
public to check.
Response: The USPTO appreciates the commenter's support of its on-line
resources. In order to mitigate the potential burden on trademark owners,
the USPTO has opted to initially request proof of use for only two
additional goods/services per class from participants in the pilot. Failure
to provide such proof may result in a further request for additional
information or specimens. The results of the pilot will help the USPTO to
assess the accuracy and integrity of the register and whether and to what
extent it may be necessary to request additional information or specimens
on a more routine basis to ensure the accuracy of a registration.
Currently, the USPTO requires dates of use for each class of goods and
services. There must be at least one specified item in each class to which
the specified dates pertain (37 C.F.R. 2.34(a)(1)(v), 2.76(c), 2.88(c);
TMEP § 903.08). It is longstanding Office practice not to require dates of
use for each good or service since it would be cumbersome for applicants to
designate the dates for each item individually (TMEP § 903.08).
Comment: Another commenter stated that especially in cases where a
lengthy identification triggers a requirement for additional information,
examination of the accuracy of a claim of use should focus on ensuring the
registration accurately reflects the goods or services for which the mark
is used, based on all evidence that can be supplied, and not be an exercise
designed to delete goods or services from registrations based on a
"hyper-technical" analysis of specimens. Trademark owners should not lose
rights in marks used in commerce because producing formal specimens can be
burdensome, costly, and time-consuming. Deleting such goods and services
from a mark in use would detract from, rather than improve, the accuracy of
the register.
The commenter, therefore, suggested that the USPTO accept evidence of
use that is reasonably sufficient to confirm the accuracy of the list,
rather than determining if the evidence qualifies as a formal specimen.
Acceptance of this evidence would be a practical way of determining that
the claim of use is accurate without imposing an undue burden on trademark
owners or an undue allocation of USPTO resources to the examination of
additional specimens.
Moreover, the commenter noted that the USPTO's examination of the
additional evidence supplied in response to an information inquiry should
apply a reasonable standard as to whether the mark on the specimen agrees
with the drawing, consistent with recent TTAB decisions and the more
forgiving standard applied post registration.
A second commenter similarly proposed that a formal specimen is not
necessary to ensure proper examination of claims of use and to assess the
possibility of over-claiming. The commenter noted that goods and services
should not necessarily be considered improperly included in a claim of use
because specimens fail to satisfy rigorous formal requirements as to their
sufficiency.
Response: As noted above, in order to assess the accuracy and integrity
of the register, the USPTO intends to conduct a pilot in which
approximately 500 trademark registrations will be randomly selected to
submit proof of use for only two additional goods/services per class in
response to an Office action issued after a Section 8 or 71 affidavit is
reviewed by the USPTO. Registrations will not be selected for the pilot
program's additional inquiry based on either the length or content of the
identification in the registration. Instead, the incomplete nature of a
trademark owner's response to the initial request for additional
information will determine whether further inquiry is necessary. The
limited nature of the pilot, in terms of duration, number of registrations
impacted, the random selection of registrations for participation, and the
amount of additional proof or specimens required, is intended to alleviate
concerns regarding the potential burden to trademark owners.
The additional information or specimens will be reviewed according to
the generally accepted standards for use in commerce. The USPTO finds no
basis to establish a different, less formal, standard for use of the mark
in commerce in the context of the pilot, and believes such a distinction
would be a disservice to the public. Not only would a new standard for
determining what constitutes acceptable use in commerce increase public
confusion, but it would also call into question whether a mark is actually
used with particular goods or services. The USPTO notes that there is a
uniform standard for determining what constitutes an acceptable specimen
both prior to and post registration.
Comment: A comment noted that additional specimens or evidence of use
should not be required to support identifications that appear in the USPTO
ID Manual, even if the particular identification encompasses numerous
products, such as "cosmetics" or "furniture." Evidence of use of the mark
on a single product should be sufficient to support inclusion of the phrase
in the identification of goods or services.
Response: In conducting the pilot to access the accuracy and integrity
of the register, the USPTO will request that pilot participants submit
proof of use for only two additional goods/services per class, with each
demonstrating use for a different good or service in the identification.
Even if a good or service within an identification is broadly defined, the
USPTO will only require one specimen or other proof to demonstrate use for
that particular good or service.
Discussion of Rule Changes
The USPTO is amending §§ 2.34(a)(1)(iv), 2.56(a), 2.76(b)(2),
2.86(a)(3), 2.86(b), and 2.88(b)(2) to indicate that the USPTO may, upon
request, require more than one specimen, including more than one specimen
per class, if the USPTO deems additional specimens reasonably necessary to
examine the application or allegation of use. These revisions codify
existing practice, where such additional specimens occasionally are
requested under § 2.61 as information or exhibits necessary to examination.
specimens to require (15 U.S.C. 1051(a)(1), (d)(1)). The USPTO is
additionally amending the final rule for § 2.56(a) to substitute the
wording "or services" for "or in the sale or advertising of the services in
commerce" to be consistent with the language in § 2.173(b)(3), and adding
the wording "as reasonably necessary to proper examination" to be consistent
with the language in § 2.61(b).
Comment: One commenter stated that requiring applicants and registrants
to submit additional specimens is not burdensome, especially in comparison
to the exclusive rights and evidentiary presumptions granted to trademark
owners and the benefits of an accurate trademark register. The commenter
further noted that in the digital age, the costs of obtaining and
submitting additional specimens are negligible when the goods or services
are being used in commerce as required. The commenter additionally stated
that thorough training by the USPTO should mitigate concerns regarding the
additional discretion given to examiners and describe with particularity
the types of situations where additional specimens may be required. The
commenter, therefore, expressed strong support for the rule changes because
of the benefits obtained from a more accurate register and relatively small
burdens on applicants and registrants. The commenter also noted that further
study regarding the amount of "deadwood" on the U.S. trademark register
would be valuable to all stakeholders in the trademark community.
Response: The USPTO appreciates the commenter's support of the rule
changes and agrees that the public will greatly benefit from an accurate
trademark register. As the commenter suggests, the USPTO intends to
continue to provide internal and external guidance to mitigate concerns
regarding USPTO discretion and provide examples of when additional
specimens may be required.
The USPTO is amending § 2.61(b) to indicate that accompanying affidavits
or declarations may be required along with information or exhibits. The
wording "and such additional specimens" is added to the final rule to
explicitly provide for specimen requests. The previously proposed provision
that a requirement for additional information may issue, for the USPTO to
assess the accuracy and integrity of the register, is not included in the
final rule because the USPTO's pilot program will focus exclusively on use
allegations in post registration maintenance filings. The USPTO maintains
its authority to probe accuracy when reasonably necessary for examination
of a particular application.
Comment: Citing TMEP § 904.01(a) and current § 2.61(b), three
commenters stated that in the context of pre-registration, examining
attorneys already have authority to request additional specimens. Two
commenters noted that it is unclear why the amendment to § 2.61(b) is
necessary since authority to request additional specimens is already given
under the current rule. The third commenter suggested that further guidance
on the use of this authority can be provided through examination guides,
rather than rule changes. One of the commenters expressed a lack of support
for the changes to §§ 2.34, 2.56, 2.61, 2.76, 2.86, or 2.88.
Response: Because the current rule on specimens refers to only one
specimen per class and the current rule on information requirements does
not explicitly refer to specimens, in revising the rules, the USPTO deems
it appropriate to provide explicitly for such specimen requests.
Specifically, the additional language allowing for "affidavits or
declarations" to be required codifies existing practice, where additional
evidence is requested, and explicitly clarifies that the USPTO may verify
information or exhibits, when needed.
The additional previously proposed language allowing the USPTO to
"assess the accuracy and integrity of the register" was deleted and is not
included in the final rule because the USPTO's pilot program will focus
exclusively on use allegations in post registration maintenance filings.
The USPTO maintains its authority to probe accuracy when reasonably
necessary for examination of a particular application.
Comment: A commenter expressed concern that while the goal of amending
§ 2.61(b) may be to determine the extent to which over-claiming exists
pre-registration, the changes to the rule may impact domestic applicants
more than Section 44 or 66 applicants, who are not required to submit
specimens prior to registration.
Response: Section 2.61(b) is used to require additional information
and exhibits from all applicants prior to registration. Although it has
occasionally been used as a means for requiring additional specimens, it
is more commonly used as a means for examining attorneys to request
literature, exhibits, and general information concerning the nature of
the mark in order to allow for proper examination. See TMEP § 814. The
additional previously proposed language allowing the USPTO to "assess the
accuracy and integrity of the register" was deleted and is not included
in the final rule. The USPTO maintains its authority to probe accuracy when
reasonably necessary for examination of a particular application. The USPTO
will conduct its pilot to assess accuracy in connection with the filing of
a Section 8 or 71 affidavit, since such filings are required of all
trademark owners.
The USPTO is amending § 2.161(g) and § 7.37(g) to indicate that the
USPTO may require more than one specimen in connection with the examination
of the affidavit or declaration of continued use. For example, additional
specimens may be requested in a case to verify the accuracy and the nature
of the use when the identification includes a large number of, or
significant disparity in, goods or services. The Trademark Act gives the
Director discretion regarding the number of specimens to require (15
U.S.C. 1058(b)(1)(C), 1141k(b)(1)(C)).
The USPTO is adding § 2.161(h) and § 7.37(h) to provide that the USPTO
may require such specimens, information, exhibits, and affidavits or
declarations as the USPTO deems reasonably necessary to the proper
examination of the affidavit or declaration of continued use, or for the
USPTO to assess the accuracy and integrity of the register. These
provisions are corollaries to § 2.61(b), which currently allows the USPTO
to require additional information or exhibits in connection with the
examination of a pending application. These provisions also clarify that
accompanying affidavits or declarations may be required. The wording "and
such additional specimens" is added to the final rule to clarify that the
standards applicable to § 2.161(g) and § 7.37(g) are contained in
§ 2.161(h) and § 7.37(h). The provisions allowing the USPTO to assess the
accuracy and integrity of the register will expire two years after the
effective date of the final rule.
Comment: Noting that currently there is not a counterpart to § 2.61(b)
that would enable the USPTO to request additional specimens post
registration, three commenters expressed support of implementing proposed
§ 2.161(h) and § 7.37(h) to the extent they conform to current § 2.61(b).
Two of the commenters further noted that claims of use, post registration,
for owners of registrations under Sections 44 and 66 should be examined
under the same criteria applied to owners of use-based applications. One
commenter further noted that they did not support the proposed changes to
§ 2.161(g) and § 7.37(g) since they did not conform to current § 2.61(b).
Response: The USPTO appreciates the commenters' support of the rule
changes and agrees with the commenters regarding the importance of having
post registration corollaries to § 2.61(b). Just as § 2.61(b) was amended
to clarify that accompanying affidavits or declarations may be required,
this same clarification was added to § 2.161(h) and § 7.37(h) in order to
explicitly provide for the USPTO to verify information or exhibits, when
needed. Similarly, the amendments to § 2.161(g) and § 7.37(g) were made in
order to provide for the USPTO to request additional specimens.
The language in § 2.161(h) and § 7.37(h) allowing the USPTO to "assess
the accuracy and integrity of the register" is for the limited purposes of
the pilot explained above, and will expire two years after the effective
date of the final rule. This "sunset provision" is intended to alleviate
concerns regarding the burdens associated with discretionary requests for
additional specimens and information to assess the accuracy and integrity
of the register. The USPTO maintains its authority to probe accuracy when
reasonably necessary for examination of a particular registration.
The USPTO agrees with the commenters that post registration claims of
use should be examined under the same criteria regardless of the initial
filing basis. The USPTO, therefore, determined that the pilot assessing
the accuracy and integrity of the register should be conducted with the
filing of Section 8 or 71 affidavits, since such filings are required of
all trademark owners.
Comment: Noting that a registration could include many goods and
services, one commenter emphasized that submitting many specimens could be
time-consuming and burdensome.
Response: As previously noted, the limited nature of the pilot and
"sunset provision" are geared to alleviate concerns regarding potential
burdens to trademark owners. As proof of use of the mark on only two
additional goods/services per class will be required of participants in the
pilot, the potential burden will not be much greater on trademark owners
with registrations for many goods or services. Failure to provide the
requested proof may result in further requests for proof as to additional
goods/services in that registration.
Comment: Two commenters noted that prior to registration, if an
applicant is unable to provide an acceptable specimen for a Section 1(a)
use-based application, the applicant has the option of amending the
applicable goods or services to a Section 1(b) intent-to-use basis. The
commenters proposed, with a third commenter, that if a trademark owner is
faced with a requirement for additional specimens post registration, the
USPTO should allow the owner to voluntarily delete the goods or services,
as an alternative to providing the specimens, without incurring
vulnerability as to the remaining goods or services. This should not be
viewed as an admission that the goods or services were improperly claimed
in the initial filing as there are a number of reasons why trademark owners
may opt not to provide additional evidence of use.
Similarly, one of the commenters noted that if goods or services are
deleted from a registration following an information request, the remainder
of the registration should not be vulnerable to challenge as to its
validity. A commenter further stated that pre-registration for applications,
applicants should have the option of asserting a dual Section 1(b) for any
goods or services subject to a requirement for additional specimens or
Response: When a trademark owner files a Section 8 or 71 affidavit,
the trademark owner is asked to specifically verify if the mark is in use
in commerce on or in connection with all of the goods or services listed
in the registration. If the mark is not in use with all of the goods or
services, the owner is asked to identify the goods or services to be
deleted from the registration. Therefore, if a trademark owner is not using
the mark with all of the goods or services listed in a registration, and
excusable nonuse is not claimed, the goods should be voluntarily deleted
from the registration upon the filing of the Section 8 or 71 affidavit as
required by the Trademark Act, prior to the USPTO's request for additional
information or specimens upon review of the Section 8 or 71 affidavit. As a
reminder, 18 U.S.C. 1001 and 37 CFR 11.18 apply to submissions to the USPTO
and impose an obligation of reasonable inquiry and truthfulness.
If a registration is selected to participate in the pilot assessing the
accuracy and integrity of the register, the trademark owner may at that
point voluntarily delete goods or services from its registration as an
alternative to providing the additional information or specimens requested
by the USPTO. Such a deletion will not trigger cancellation of the entire
registration, but may subject the registration to a further information or
specimen requirement by the USPTO to verify the accuracy of the remaining
goods or services claimed in the registration. Although the pilot will not
apply to applications, applicants always have the option of relying on both
Sections 1(a) and 1(b) in the same application, though the applicant may
not assert both bases for identical goods or services in the same
application. See TMEP § 806.02(b).
Comment: One comment noted that failure to provide requested
information as to only a portion of the goods or services should not result
in cancellation of the entire registration.
Response: The USPTO agrees with this comment and notes that when a
registration is selected to participate in the pilot and an Office action
issues requiring additional evidence or specimens, a response must be filed
within six months of the Office action, or before the end of the filing
period for the Section 8 or 71 affidavit, whichever is later (37 CFR
2.163(b), 7.39(a)). If a response is filed but fails to include the required
evidence or specimens, the USPTO will deem the Section 8 or 71 affidavit
unacceptable as to the goods or services to which the requirement pertained
and delete them from the registration. Such a response may also trigger a
further requirement for proof of use as to some or all of the remaining
goods/services. However, assuming the Section 8 or 71 affidavit is
otherwise acceptable, and any requested proof of use as to remaining goods/
services is satisfied, the remaining goods/services will be unaffected. By
contrast, if no response whatsoever to the Office action is filed within
the response period, and no time remains in the statutory filing period,
the registration will be cancelled (37 CFR 2.163(c), 7.39(b)). Thus, absent
other issues with the affidavit, the registration will not be cancelled
unless the owner fails to respond to the Office action or is unable to
demonstrate use for any of the remaining goods or services in the
Comment: Citing § 2.161 and § 7.37, an additional commenter indicated
that the proposed rules providing for additional specimens could present
an equal-protection issue due to their discretionary nature, noting that
"when requested by the Office" is not a clear and definite standard.
Response: The Trademark Act gives the Director discretion regarding
the number of specimens to require (15 U.S.C. 1051(a)(1), (d)(1),
1058(b)(1)(C), 1141k(b)(1)(C)). The revisions to §§ 2.34(a)(1)(iv),
2.56(a), 2.76(b)(2), 2.86(a)(3), 2.86(b), and 2.88(b)(2) to indicate that
the USPTO may, upon request, require more than one specimen, including more
than one specimen per class, if the USPTO deems additional specimens
reasonably necessary to examine the application or allegation of use,
codify existing practice, where such additional specimens occasionally
are requested under § 2.61 as information or exhibits necessary to
The revisions to § 2.161(g) and § 7.37(g) to indicate that the USPTO may
require more than one specimen in connection with the examination of an
affidavit or declaration of continued use are corollaries to the above-
referenced pre-registration procedures when additional specimens are
necessary to verify the accuracy and nature of the use. The standards
applicable to § 2.161(g) and § 7.37(g) can be found in § 2.161(h) and
§ 7.37(h). Both subsections have been revised to explicitly provide that
the USPTO may require specimens, information, exhibits, and affidavits or
declarations as "reasonably necessary" for examination or "to assess the
accuracy and integrity of the register." Because these standards are not
impermissible or arbitrary, there can be no equal-protection violation.
Cf. In re Boulevard Entm't, Inc., 334 F.3d 1336, 1343, 67 USPQ2d 1475,
1480 (Fed. Cir. 2003) (noting that no USPTO equal-protection violation
could occur "unless the agency acted pursuant to some impermissible or
arbitrary standard").
Moreover, even regardless of standards, constitutional challenges have
been rejected in the trademark-registration context where a determination
not to register a mark does not foreclose use of that mark. See In re
Mavety Media Grp. Ltd., 33 F.3d 1367, 1374, 31 USPQ2d 1923, 1928-29 (Fed.
Cir. 1994); In re McGinley, 660 F.2d 481, 484, 211 USPQ 668, 672 (C.C.P.A.
The USPTO is amending § 2.173(b)(3) to clarify that where an amendment
involves a change in the mark, a new specimen must be provided for each
class in a multiple-class registration, and additional specimens may be
required when necessary, and to add § 2.173(b)(4) to provide that the
USPTO may require such specimens, information, exhibits, and affidavits or
examination of the proposed amendment. The term "specimens" is added to
§ 2.173(b)(4) to clarify that the standards applicable to § 2.173(b)(4)
are contained in § 2.173(b)(3). The previously proposed provision that a
requirement for additional information may issue, for the USPTO to assess
the accuracy and integrity of the register, is not included in the final
rule.
Comment: Two commenters noted that because claims of use as to all
goods and services are not at issue when a request for amendment of a
registration is sought, they do not support the proposed changes to
§ 2.173.
Response: As claims of use as to all goods and services do not
accompany amendments to registrations, the pilot to assess the accuracy and
integrity of the register will be conducted with the filing of mandatory
Section 8 or 71 affidavits and not optional Section 7 amendments. The
revisions to § 2.173(b)(3) clarify that where an amendment involves a
change in the mark, a new specimen must be provided for each class in a
multiple-class registration. This will allow the USPTO to assess that the
amended mark is being used on or in connection with each class of goods or
services in the registration. The addition of § 2.173(b)(4) similarly
assists the USPTO by providing a means for additional information to be
requested, as a post registration corollary to § 2.61(b). The additional
previously proposed language allowing the USPTO to "assess the accuracy
and integrity of the register" was deleted and is not included in the final
Overview of the Pilot
As set forth above, the USPTO intends to conduct a two-year pilot
program to verify the accuracy of post registration claims that a trademark
is in use on particular goods/services. The USPTO will randomly select
approximately 500 trademark registrations for which a Section 8 or 71
affidavit was filed and issue an Office action requiring proof of use of
the mark on two additional goods/services per class. Although a declaration
will be required to verify the proof of use, one declaration may support
all the additional proof. The random selection will include all types of
registrations and will represent less than 1% of the total number of
affidavits usually processed during a typical six-month period.
Owners of the registrations selected for the pilot will be afforded the
usual post registration response period to the Office action requiring
additional proof of use and an accompanying standard declaration.
Specifically, a response will be due within six months of the Office
action, or before the end of the filing period for the Section 8 or 71
affidavit, whichever is later (37 CFR 2.163(b), 7.39(a)). Specially trained
senior attorneys will conduct the examination for the pilot, reviewing the
proof of use according to the generally accepted standards for use in
commerce. The assigned senior attorneys may address specific questions or
concerns about particular cases. The USPTO also will establish a dedicated
mailbox, TMPostRegPilot@uspto.gov for more general questions and concerns
relating to the pilot.
If a response is filed but fails to include the required evidence or
specimens, the USPTO will deem the Section 8 or 71 affidavit unacceptable
as to the goods or services to which the requirement pertained and delete
them from the registration. Such a response may also trigger a further
requirement for proof of use as to some or all of the remaining goods/
services. However, assuming the Section 8 or 71 affidavit is otherwise
acceptable, and any requested proof of use as to remaining goods/services
is satisfied, the remaining goods/services will be unaffected. By contrast,
if no response to the Office action is filed within the response period,
and no time remains in the statutory filing period, the registration will
be cancelled (37 CFR 2.163(c), 7.39(b)).
After the conclusion of the pilot, the USPTO will share the results as
a basis for further consideration and discussion of the level of accuracy
of the register. The results of the pilot will help inform whether and to
what extent it may be appropriate to request additional information or
specimens on a more routine basis to ensure accuracy.
Rulemaking Requirements
Executive Order 12866: This rule has been determined not to be
Executive Order 13563: The Office has complied with Executive Order
13563. Specifically, the Office has: (1) used the best available techniques
to quantify costs and benefits, and has considered values such as equity,
fairness and distributive impacts; (2) provided the public with a meaningful
opportunity to participate in the regulatory process, including soliciting
the views of those likely affected prior to issuing a notice of proposed
rulemaking, and provided on-line access to the rulemaking docket;
(3) attempted to promote coordination, simplification and harmonization
across government agencies and identified goals designed to promote
innovation; (4) considered approaches that reduce burdens and maintain
flexibility and freedom of choice for the public; and (5) ensured the
objectivity of scientific and technological information and processes, to
the extent applicable.
Administrative Procedure Act: This rule merely involves rules of agency
practice and procedure within the meaning of 5 U.S.C. 553(b)(A). See Cooper
Techs. Co. v. Dudas, 536 F.3d 1330, 1336-37 (Fed. Cir. 2008) (stating that
5 U.S.C. 553, and thus 35 U.S.C. 2(b)(2)(B), does not require notice and
comment rulemaking for "interpretative rules, general statements of policy,
or rules of agency organization, procedure, or practice") (quoting 5 U.S.C.
553(b)(A)); Inova Alexandria Hosp. v. Shalala, 244 F.3d 342, 350 (4th Cir.
2001) (rules for handling appeals were procedural where they did not change
the substantive standard for reviewing claims); Bachow Commc'ns Inc. v.
FCC, 237 F.3d 683, 690 (DC Cir. 2001) (rules governing an application
process are procedural under the Administrative Procedure Act). Therefore,
this rule may be adopted without prior notice and opportunity for public
comment under 5 U.S.C. 553(b) and (c), or thirty-day advance publication
under 5 U.S.C. 553(d).
However, the USPTO chose to seek public comment before implementing the
rule and is providing thirty-day advance publication notice.
Regulatory Flexibility Act: The final rule involves rules of agency
practice and procedure. As prior notice and an opportunity for public
comment are not required pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 553 or any other law, neither
a Regulatory Flexibility Act analysis nor a certification under the
Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.) is required. See 5 U.S.C.
A Final Regulatory Flexibility Act Analysis ("FRFA") of the final rule
is not required; nevertheless, the USPTO has undertaken this FRFA to
further describe the minimal effects on any small entities.
1. Description of the reasons that action by the Office is being undertaken:
The USPTO is requiring: (1) any specimens, information, exhibits, and
affidavits or declarations deemed reasonably necessary to examine an
affidavit or declaration of continued use in trademark cases; and (2) upon
request, more than one specimen in connection with a use-based trademark
application, an allegation of use, an amendment to a registered mark, or an
affidavit or declaration of continued use in trademark cases.
These revisions will facilitate the USPTO's ability to verify the
accuracy of identifications of goods/services. Specimens of use in
use-based trademark applications illustrate how the applicant is using the
proposed mark in commerce on particular goods/services identified in the
application. Post registration affidavits or declarations of use and their
accompanying specimens demonstrate a trademark owner's continued use of its
mark in commerce for the goods/services in the registration.
2. Succinct statement of the objectives of, and legal basis for, the final
rule:
The objective of the final rule is to facilitate the USPTO's ability to
verify the accuracy of identifications of goods/services in trademark
applications and registrations. The rule ensures that the USPTO may
properly examine the nature and veracity of allegations of use made during
the trademark application or post registration phase, and upon request, may
require additional specimens or other information or exhibits, such as a
photograph of the mark appearing on certain goods. Another purpose of the
rule is to harmonize the requirements that can be made as part of the
examination of use allegations made in post registration maintenance
documents, which are currently more limited, with the requirements
authorized in the examination of use allegations made prior to registration.
The Trademark Act gives the Director of the USPTO discretion regarding
1058(b)(1)(C), 1141k(b)(1)(C)). Moreover, it requires applicants to comply
with rules as prescribed by the Director (15 U.S.C. 1051(a)(4), (b)(4)).
Additionally, the Director and USPTO may establish regulations governing
the conduct of proceedings in the Office (15 U.S.C. 1123, 35 U.S.C.
2(b)(2)(A)). The current Trademark Rules of Practice and the Rules of
Practice for Filings Pursuant to the Madrid Protocol mandate the submission
submitted in connection with a proposed amendment of a registered mark
(37 CFR 2.173(b)(3)). In addition, although the current Trademark Rules of
Practice allow the USPTO to require additional information or exhibits
deemed reasonably necessary to the examination of a pending application
(37 CFR 2.61(b)), no counterpart rule exists in the post registration
3. Description and estimate of the number of affected small entities:
The USPTO does not collect or maintain statistics in trademark cases
on small versus large entity applicants, and this information would be
required in order to estimate the number of small entities that would be
affected by the final rule. However, the USPTO believes that the overall
impact of the rule on applicants and registrants will be relatively
minimal.
The final rule applies to any entity filing a use-based trademark
application and to any entity filing trademark registration maintenance
filings or amendments. With respect to allegations of use in trademark
applications, the rules merely codify existing practice, whereby the USPTO
already occasionally requests additional specimens or other information
under 37 CFR 2.61. Thus, because no change in practice will result from the
rules in this regard, they will have no impact in the trademark application
After registration, registrants must make periodic filings with the
USPTO to maintain their registrations. A Section 8 or 71 affidavit of
continued use is a sworn statement that the mark is in use in commerce,
filed by the owner of a registration (15 U.S.C. 1058, 1141k). The purpose
of the Section 8 or 71 affidavit is to facilitate the cancellation of
registrations for marks no longer in use. With respect to post registration
maintenance filings, the Office estimates that only a small subset of
trademark owners will be required to provide more than one specimen, or
information or exhibits in connection with a Section 8 or 71 affidavit.
The USPTO is unable to estimate what subset of the owners will be small
entities impacted by the rules. In Fiscal Year 2011, 114,808 Section 8 or
71 affidavits were filed.
4. Description of the reporting, recordkeeping, and other compliance
requirements of the final rule, including an estimate of the classes of
small entities which will be subject to the requirement and the type of
professional skills necessary for preparation of the report or record:
The final rule imposes no new recordkeeping requirements on trademark
applicants or registrants.
Regarding compliance with the final rule, as an initial matter, the
USPTO does not anticipate that the rule will have a disproportionate
impact upon any particular class of small or large entities. Any entity
that has a registered trademark could potentially be impacted by the rule.
Based on additional comment from the proposed rule, the USPTO estimates
that in those post registration cases where a requirement for additional
information, exhibits, declarations, or specimens is issued, it will take
one hour to comply.
While the statement of use is a similar type of filing to those at issue
in the final rules applied in the post registration context, as the
statement of use involves providing one or more specimens of use and an
accompanying declaration, the compliance time for the final rules should
be less. Under the final rules applied in the post registration context,
the type of fact gathering and review of the nature and extent of the use
of the mark that underlies a statement of use will already have occurred.
Compliance with the requirement will only necessitate gathering and
submitting the evidence to demonstrate what has already been assessed.
Assuming the mark is in use, as claimed, the compliance time involves
the length of time to secure a specimen, exhibit (such as taking a digital
photograph), information, or declaration, plus any time it takes an attorney
to communicate with the client in order to obtain what is required and make
the necessary filing with the USPTO. In reality, approximately one-third of
applications are filed pro se. These applicants and registrants, therefore,
will likely have a lower compliance time than the USPTO has estimated, which
assumes the involvement of counsel. These rules do not mandate the use of
counsel.
The Office does not estimate any change in compliance cost associated
with the final rules with respect to allegations of use in trademark
applications, since the USPTO's current practice already allows for this.
The rule change merely codifies existing practice.
5. Description of any significant alternatives to the final rule which
accomplish the stated objectives of applicable statutes and which minimize
any significant economic impact of the rule on small entities:
The USPTO has considered whether and how it is appropriate to reduce any
burden on small businesses through increased flexibility. The following
options have been considered, but rejected, by the USPTO as ineffective.
The alternative of never requiring additional specimens or other
information in connection with Section 8 or 71 affidavits or exempting
small entities from such requirements would have a lesser economic impact
on small entities, but would not accomplish the stated objective of
verifying the accuracy of identifications of goods/services in trademark
registrations. As set forth above, the USPTO will rely on the final rule to
assess the accuracy of use allegations. This assessment may provide a better
sense of whether significant problems may exist with the accuracy of
identifications of goods and services. Thus, exempting small entities would
prevent the potential consideration of all Section 8 or 71 affidavits for
this purpose, and therefore, would not achieve the stated objective of
verifying accuracy.
The stated objective of the final rule also facilitates the cancellation
of any registrations for marks that are no longer in use, the policy
underlying the statutory requirement for Section 8 or 71 affidavits.
Exempting small entities from any possible scrutiny regarding use
allegations would fail to reach non-use of marks by small entity owners,
thereby failing to achieve the objective.
Other options to potentially lessen the impact on small entities have
been rejected as ineffective. For example, the USPTO deems unnecessary
extended time periods for small entity compliance because there appears to
be no reason that compliance with the requirements in the rules would be
more time-consuming for small entities, and because the USPTO's standard
time period for responding to trademark Office actions allows sufficient
time regardless of small entity status.
The USPTO deems any streamlined or simplified compliance mechanism for
small entities unnecessary, given the ease of responding to trademark
Office actions electronically. Thus, compliance will be as streamlined and
simplified as possible for all affected entities. Moreover, where the
objective is to verify the accuracy of a claim of use in an affidavit, the
requirements of one or more additional examples of the manner of the
claimed use, or of other information such as photographic proof already
seem to be the least burdensome and complex way to achieve the objective.
Additionally, the requirement for submissions in order to assess the
accuracy and integrity of the register will expire two years from the
effective date of the rule. Accordingly, these post registration
requirements will not have a significant economic impact on small entities.
Any more minimal requirement would not demonstrate use, and therefore,
would not meet the objective to verify use claims.
Use of performance rather than design standards is not applicable to the
final rulemaking because the USPTO is not issuing any sort of standard.
Rather, the rules will require applicants and registrants to furnish
evidence of use, rather than comply with a performance or design standard.
Finally, with respect to allegations of use in trademark applications,
the final rules merely codify existing practice, whereby the USPTO already
occasionally requests additional specimens or other information under 37
CFR 2.61. Thus, because no change in practice would result from the rules
in this regard, any different treatment of small entities in this context
would fail to meet the stated objective and likely would generate concern
and confusion about a change in practice.
6. Identification, to the extent practicable, of all relevant Federal rules
which may duplicate, overlap, or conflict with the final rule:
The final rule will not duplicate, overlap, or conflict with any other
Federal rules.
Unfunded Mandates: The Unfunded Mandates Reform Act requires, at 2
U.S.C. 1532, that agencies prepare an assessment of anticipated costs and
benefits before issuing any rule that may result in expenditure by State,
local, and tribal governments, in the aggregate, or by the private sector,
of $100 million or more (adjusted annually for inflation) in any given
year. This rule would have no such effect on State, local, and tribal
governments or the private sector.
Executive Order 13132: This rule does not contain policies with
federalism implications sufficient to warrant preparation of a Federalism
Assessment under Executive Order 13132 (Aug. 4, 1999).
Paperwork Reduction Act: This rule involves information collection
requirements which are subject to review by the Office of Management and
Budget (OMB) under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3501 et
seq.). An information collection request was submitted to OMB under control
number 0651-0055 at the time of the Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, and a
pre-approval was given. Since that time no substantive changes to the
burden have been made. Additionally, the agency will follow up with a change
worksheet submission to make all the necessary burden estimate adjustments.
This rulemaking provides for the USPTO to require: (1) any specimens,
information, exhibits, and affidavits or declarations deemed reasonably
necessary to examine an affidavit or declaration of continued use or
excusable nonuse in trademark cases, or for the USPTO to assess the accuracy
and integrity of the register; and (2) upon request, more than one specimen
in connection with a use-based trademark application, an allegation of use,
or an amendment to a registered mark.
There is no fee impact for submission of specimens. Additional burden
due to postage costs for paper submissions for the post-registration Office
actions is estimated at $90, for a total increase in fee burden by an
estimated $90. The agency estimates the following overall impact on burden:
an increase of responses of 500; an increase in burden hours of 485; and an
increase in burden hour costs of $164,900.
Comments were invited on: (1) whether the collection of information is
necessary for proper performance of the functions of the agency; (2) the
accuracy of the agency's estimate of the burden; (3) ways to enhance the
quality, utility, and clarity of the information to be collected; and (4)
ways to minimize the burden of the collection of information to respondents.
In response to the first inquiry, whether the collection of information
is necessary for proper performance of the functions of the agency, the
USPTO received three comments.
Comment: One comment noted that based on the U.S. trademark system,
the commenter could understand the contents of the revision, but the
commenter indicated that the revision may contradict the Trademark Law
Treaty prohibition against submitting evidence of use with a renewal
Response: Evidence of use, or excusable non-use, is not a requirement
for renewal applications under Section 9, and therefore, the revision does
not contradict the Trademark Law Treaty (15 U.S.C. 1059). To renew a
registration under Section 9, the owner must submit the requisite fee with
the signed renewal form (15 U.S.C. 1059). Evidence of use, or excusable
nonuse, is separately required under Sections 8 and 71 between the fifth
and sixth year anniversaries after registration and every ten years after
registration, or with payment of an additional fee, during the six-month
grace period that follows (15 U.S.C. 1058(a), 1141k(a)).
Comment: Another commenter expressed that the collection of additional
specimens would ensure a more accurate register and thus benefits the public
and brand owners.
changes and agrees with the commenter regarding the benefit of a more
accurate register.
Comment: A third commenter agreed that collecting information regarding
the accuracy of the marks on the trademark register is a necessary and
proper performance of the USPTO's functions. The commenter noted that an
up-to-date register reflecting marks that are actually in use would benefit
everyone. The commenter further stated that the USPTO should ensure that
the information is gathered consistently and without singling out any
particular classes of applications, registrations, or mark owners.
Response: The USPTO appreciates the commenter's support of the
information collection. In conducting the pilot, the USPTO will collect the
information regarding the accuracy of marks on the register consistently,
without singling out any particular classes of applications, registrations,
or mark owners. The USPTO intends to ensure consistent information
collection by having a small group of specially trained senior attorneys
examine the registrations selected for participation in the pilot. As the
USPTO also intends to randomly select the registrations examined in the
pilot, no type of application, registration, or mark owner will be singled
Regarding the accuracy of the agency's estimate of the burden, comments
were received from three parties.
Comment: One commenter noted that due to the limited nature of the rule
changes, they will not affect the scope of pre-registration trademark
searches; and costs will be incurred when attorneys submit the additional
evidence required. The commenter additionally requested that foreign
applicants be allowed to maintain broader identifications of goods and
services when filing a new trademark application based on a home-country
Response: The rule changes codify current pre-registration practice.
The USPTO's pilot program will be conducted post registration, and the
limited nature of the pilot will alleviate the potential burden on
trademark owners. The rule changes will not affect the USPTO's standards
for determining the acceptability of identifications of goods and services,
which are applied to all applicants and registrants.
Comment: Another comment noted that the burden on applicants to produce
additional specimens is not terribly significant in the age of electronic
specimens and filings. The burden of producing additional specimens is far
less than the burdens imposed on the public and trademark community from
an inaccurate register. Any evidence required under the rule changes relates
to something an applicant or registrant should possess or easily document in
carrying out existing duties of confirming that goods and services are
currently in use.
changes and concurs that the rule changes create minimal burdens on
Comment: A commenter on the time burden agreed that the time to actually
submit specimens or additional evidence will likely be an hour, but stated
that the time involved in making the request to a client and reviewing the
client's responses will be substantially greater. For mark owners and their
counsel, compliance time with the additional requirements may depend on
factors such as whether the client is foreign or domestic, the degree of
explanation necessary for the client, and the length of the identification.
The commenter noted that the USPTO may help alleviate the burden by
requiring only one additional specimen or minimal additional information,
and by foregoing the need for verifications of the specimens or other
Response: The USPTO notes that the estimated time burden for Paperwork
Reduction Act purposes is an average encompassing the response time for all
trademark owners, taking into account that trademark owners comprise large
and small entities, with and without counsel. The USPTO acknowledges that
the compliance time for the pilot may be greater than the compliance time
for a typical post registration response, and based on the commenter's
feedback, the USPTO has increased the estimated burden time for submissions
under the pilot to an hour. While the USPTO concurs with the commenter that
compliance time may be greater for larger, represented entities, the average
also encompasses pro se owners, for whom the compliance time will likely be
lower than the USPTO has estimated. The USPTO also notes that as trademark
owners are already required to ascertain whether a mark is currently in use
with all the goods/services in connection with the filing of a Section 8 or
71 affidavit, any additional requirement to provide proof of such use with
select goods/services should not be unduly burdensome.
As an additional means of alleviating the potential burden to trademark
owners, only approximately 500 registrations will be selected to participate
in the pilot assessing the accuracy and integrity of the register. Moreover,
only proof of use of two additional goods/services per class will be
required of participants in the pilot. Although a declaration will be
required to verify the proof of use, one declaration may support all the
additional proof. Owners need not preemptively submit multiple specimens
with all trademark filings since the approximately 500 registrations
selected to participate in the pilot represent less than 1% of the total
number of Section 8 and 71 affidavits processed during a typical six-month
In response to the third inquiry, whether there are ways to enhance the
quality, utility, and clarity of the information to be collected, the USPTO
received two comments.
Comment: One commenter suggested that the USPTO could publish more
guidance as to when specimens are required and the type of specimens that
are generally acceptable. The commenter additionally noted that the USPTO
should provide guidance to both applicants and examiners that specimens for
goods that appear to be merely digital mock-ups may be insufficient.
Response: The USPTO intends to provide additional guidance for those
trademark owners chosen to participate in the pilot and continue its
efforts to provide both internal and external guidance, through the TMEP
and examination guides, regarding the general acceptability of specimens.
It is long-standing Office policy that a submission that appears not to
be actually used in commerce is unacceptable as a specimen. See, e.g., TMEP
§§ 904.03(i) and 904.04(a) regarding beta Web sites and printers proofs.
Comment: Another comment stated that the USPTO should publicize the
nature of the specimens and additional information that will be required to
support requests for information under the rule changes. The commenter
noted that loosening the restrictions on catalog submissions could assist
mark owners requested to provide additional specimens. Moreover, the USPTO
should clarify whether requests for additional information will apply to
entire classes or specific goods or services within a class. If declarations
will be required to support additional specimens, having a uniform format
will help ensure higher-quality submissions. Additionally, ensuring uniform
levels of inquiry for specimens during prosecution and post registration,
and publicizing them in exam guides or the TMEP, would further the goal of
an accurate trademark register. Having a particular contact person, or
dedicated mailbox, for issues that arise would ensure that practitioners
and USPTO employees receive consistent guidance. Lastly, the USPTO should
share any statistics kept on the success of the new rule - such as the
length of descriptions routinely queried, percentage of applications or
registrations queried, and statistics that suggest that "deadwood" on the
register is an issue to be addressed.
of the register, the USPTO intends to conduct a pilot in which approximately
500 trademark registrations will be selected to receive a requirement to
submit proof of use for two additional goods/services per class in response
to an Office action issued after a Section 8 or 71 affidavit is reviewed by
the USPTO. The additional proof will be reviewed according to the same
general standards as specimens submitted with a Section 8 or 71 affidavit,
with the standard Section 8 or 71 declaration language required to be
submitted with the additional proof.
In order to ensure uniformity within the pilot, a small group of
specially trained senior attorneys will conduct the examination of the
registrations selected for participation in the pilot. The assigned senior
attorney handling a particular case may address specific questions or
concerns about the case. As suggested by the commenter, the USPTO will
establish a dedicated mailbox for more general questions and concerns
relating to the pilot. Moreover, the USPTO will share the results of the
pilot in the context of further consideration as to whether "deadwood" on
the register is an issue.
Regarding ways to minimize the burden of the collection of information
to respondents, comments were received from two parties.
Comment: A commenter proposed additional emphasis by the USPTO to
educate applicants, in advance, regarding proper specimens and the
difference between use-based and intent-to-use applications. The commenter
also suggested adding information and warnings on the USPTO Web site and
during the electronic application process explaining the types of specimens
that may be acceptable. The commenter additionally expressed that the USPTO
could suggest to applicants that they may be able to reduce the length of
the application process by submitting additional specimens with their
Response: The USPTO appreciates the commenter's suggestions regarding
ways to educate the public regarding the trademark process. The USPTO has
developed a series of "how-to" videos covering important topics and critical
application-filing and registration-maintenance tips. One video entitled
"Before You File" covers the different filing bases, while another video
focuses exclusively on education about specimens. The videos can be accessed
on the USPTO Web site at http://www.uspto.gov/trademarks/process/TMIN.jsp.
The USPTO is continuously striving to improve its electronic systems and to
provide helpful information and warnings to guide users throughout the
trademark registration process, and provides a link to the instructional
video accessed through the Trademark Electronic Application System ("TEAS")
explaining what constitutes an appropriate specimen for a good or service.
While applicants are always welcome to submit additional specimens, the
USPTO only requires one specimen per class, but agrees that by submitting
additional specimens, applicants may in certain circumstances reduce the
length of the application process by reducing the need for Office actions
requesting acceptable specimens.
respond to nor shall a person be subject to a penalty for failure to comply
with a collection of information subject to the requirements of the
Paperwork Reduction Act unless that collection of information displays a
currently valid OMB control number.
Administrative practice and procedure, Trademarks, International
For the reasons stated in the preamble and under the authority contained
in 15 U.S.C. 1123 and 35 U.S.C. 2, as amended, the USPTO proposes to amend
parts 2 and 7 of title 37 as follows:
1. The authority citation for 37 CFR Part 2 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 15 U.S.C. 1123, 35 U.S.C. 2, unless otherwise noted.
2. Revise § 2.34(a)(1)(iv) to read as follows:
§ 2.34 Bases for filing.
(a) ***
(1) ***
(iv) One specimen per class showing how the applicant actually uses the
mark in commerce. When requested by the Office, additional specimens must be
provided.
3. Revise § 2.56(a) to read as follows:
§ 2.56 Specimens.
(a) An application under section 1(a) of the Act, an amendment to allege
use under § 2.76, and a statement of use under § 2.88 must each include one
specimen per class showing the mark as used on or in connection with the
goods or services. When requested by the Office as reasonably necessary to
proper examination, additional specimens must be provided.
4. Revise § 2.61(b) to read as follows:
§ 2.61 Action by examiner.
(b) The Office may require the applicant to furnish such information,
exhibits, affidavits or declarations, and such additional specimens as may
be reasonably necessary to the proper examination of the application.
5. Revise § 2.76(b)(2) to read as follows:
§ 2.76 Amendment to allege use.
(b) ***
(2) One specimen per class showing the mark as actually used in
commerce. When requested by the Office, additional specimens must be
provided. See § 2.56 for the requirements for specimens; and
6. Revise §§ 2.86(a)(3) and (b) to read as follows:
§ 2.86 Application may include multiple classes.
(3) Include either dates of use (see §§ 2.34(a)(1)(ii) and (iii)) and
one specimen for each class, or a statement of a bona fide intention to use
the mark in commerce on or in connection with all the goods or services
specified in each class. When requested by the Office, additional specimens
must be provided. The applicant may not claim both use in commerce and a
bona fide intention to use the mark in commerce for the identical goods or
services in one application.
(b) An amendment to allege use under § 2.76 or a statement of use under
§ 2.88 must include, for each class, the required fee, dates of use, and one
specimen. When requested by the Office, additional specimens must be
provided. The applicant may not file the amendment to allege use or
statement of use until the applicant has used the mark on all the goods or
services, unless the applicant files a request to divide. See § 2.87 for
information regarding requests to divide.
§ 2.88 Filing statement of use after notice of allowance.
(2) One specimen of the mark as actually used in commerce. When
requested by the Office, additional specimens must be provided. See
§ 2.56 for the requirements for specimens; and
8. Amend § 2.161 by revising the introductory text of paragraph (g) and
adding paragraph (h) to read as follows:
§ 2.161 Requirements for a complete affidavit or declaration of continued
(g) Include one specimen showing current use of the mark for each class
§ 2.161(f)(2). When requested by the Office, additional specimens must be
provided. The specimen must:
(h) The Office may require the owner to furnish such information,
exhibits, affidavits or declarations, and such additional specimens:
(1) As may be reasonably necessary to the proper examination of the
affidavit or declaration under section 8 of the Act; or
(2) For the Office to assess the accuracy and integrity of the register.
(3) The provisions of subsection (h)(2) will no longer be effective on
June 21, 2014.
9. Amend § 2.173 by revising paragraph (b)(3) and adding paragraph (b)(4)
to read as follows:
§ 2.173 Amendment of registration.
(3) If the amendment involves a change in the mark: one new specimen
per class showing the mark as used on or in connection with the goods or
services; an affidavit or declaration under § 2.20 stating that the
specimen was in use in commerce at least as early as the filing date of the
amendment; and a new drawing of the amended mark. When requested by the
Office, additional specimens must be provided.
(4) The Office may require the owner to furnish such specimens,
information, exhibits, and affidavits or declarations as may be reasonably
necessary to the proper examination of the amendment.
PART 7 - RULES OF PRACTICE IN FILINGS PURSUANT TO THE PROTOCOL RELATING
TO THE MADRID AGREEMENT CONCERNING THE INTERNATIONAL REGISTRATION OF MARKS
10. The authority citation for 37 CFR Part 7 continues to read as follows:
11. Amend § 7.37 by revising paragraph (g) and adding paragraph (h) to
§ 7.37 Requirements for a complete affidavit or declaration of continued
(g) Include a specimen showing current use of the mark for each class of
goods or services, unless excusable nonuse is claimed under § 7.37(f)(2).
When requested by the Office, additional specimens must be provided. The
specimen must meet the requirements of § 2.56 of this chapter.
(h) The Office may require the holder to furnish such information,
affidavit or declaration under section 71 of the Act; or
May 15, 2012 DAVID J. KAPPOS
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Madrid Protocol Referenced Items (399, 400, 401, 402, 403, 404, 405, 406, 407)
[Docket No. 2003-T-010]
RIN 0651-AB45
Rules of Practice for Trademark-Related Filings Under the
Madrid Protocol Implementation Act
AGENCY: United States Patent and Trademark Office, Commerce.
ACTION: Final rule.
SUMMARY: The United States Patent and Trademark Office
(Office) is adding new regulations to implement the Madrid Protocol
Implementation Act of 2002 (MPIA), and is amending existing regulation
both to implement the MPIA and to otherwise clarify and improve the
procedures for processing trademark applications and conducting
proceedings before the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board. The MPIA
provides that: The owner of a U.S. application or registration may seek
protection of its mark in any of the other 58 countries party to the
Protocol Relating to the Madrid Agreement Concerning the International
Registration of Marks (Madrid Protocol) by submitting a single
international application through the Office to the International
Bureau of the World Intellectual Property Organization (IB); and the
owner of an application or registration in a country party to the
Madrid Protocol may obtain an international registration from the IB
and request an extension of protection of its mark to the United
DATES: Effective Date: November 2, 2003.
Applicability Dates: New rules added as part 7 of 37 CFR and
the amendments to rules in part 2 of 37 CFR shall apply to any
application for international registration filed on or after November
2, 2003, and any application for registration in the United States
under section 1, section 44 or section 66(a) of the Act filed on or
after November 2, 2003, except as noted below.
Drawing requirements under 2.52: Applicants with pending
applications filed prior to November 2, 2003, will not be required to
file amended drawings. However, applicants may voluntarily amend their
drawings to comply with the new standard character or color drawing
requirements. See discussion below of changes to 2.52. The Office
will consider voluntary amendments filed on or after November 2, 2003,
in accordance with standard procedures for processing of amendments.
Partial abandonment under 2.65(a): This rule as amended shall apply
to all Office actions issued on or after November 2, 2003, even if the
application was filed prior to that date. See discussion below of the
changes to 2.65.
Requests to extend the time to file an opposition under 2.102(c): If
a first request for an extension of time to oppose was filed before
November 2, 2003, the rules in effect on the filing date of that first
request will apply to the first request and any subsequent request
filed by the same potential opposer or one in privity with it. If a
first request for an extension of time to oppose is filed on or after
November 2, 2003, the amended regulation will apply to the first
request and any subsequent request filed by the same potential opposer
or one in privity with it.
Petitions to the Director under 2.146(i): For petitions filed on or
after May 2, 2004, petitioners will be held to the new six-month
standard of diligence in monitoring the status of applications and
registrations. Petitions filed prior to May 2, 2004, will be reviewed
under the one-year diligence standard, even if the application was
filed on or after November 2, 2003. See the discussion below of changes
to 2.146(i).
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Cheryl L. Black,
Office of the Commissioner for Trademarks, by telephone at (703)
308-8910, ext. 153, or by e-mail to cheryl.black@uspto.gov.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: A Notice of Proposed Rule
Making was published in the Federal Register (68 FR 15119) on March 28,
2003. A public hearing was held on May 30, 2003.
Four organizations, two law firms, seven attorneys, one business and
three individuals submitted written comments. Two organizations and one
attorney testified at the oral hearing.
The Madrid Protocol Implementation Act of 2002, Public Law 107-273, 116
Stat. 1758, 1913-1921 (MPIA) amends the Trademark Act of 1946 to
implement the provisions of the Madrid Protocol in the United States.
The MPIA was enacted on November 2, 2002, and becomes effective on
November 2, 2003.
The Madrid Protocol and the Common Regulations Under the Madrid
Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Marks and the
Protocol Relating to that Agreement (April 1, 2002) (Common
Regulations) are available on the World Intellectual Property
Organization's (WIPO) Web site, currently at
http://www.wipo.int/madrid/en/. The Common Regulations are
the procedures agreed to by the parties to the Madrid Protocol
regarding the administration of the Madrid Protocol, pursuant to
Article 10(2)(iii).
References below to "the Act," "the Trademark Act," or "the
statute" refer to the Trademark Act of 1946, 15 U.S.C. 1051, et seq.,
as amended by the MPIA. The "TMEP" referenced below is the
Trademark Manual of Examining Procedure (3rd ed. Rev. 2, May 2003).
Filings Under Madrid Protocol
The Madrid Protocol provides a system for obtaining an
international registration. The IB maintains the system in accordance
with the guidelines set forth in the Common Regulations. To apply for
an international registration under the Madrid Protocol, an applicant
must be a national of, be domiciled in, or have a real and effective
business or commercial establishment in one of the countries that are
members of the Madrid Protocol (Contracting Parties). An international
application must be based on a trademark application or registration in
one of the Contracting Parties (basic application or basic
registration). The international application must be for the same mark
and include a list of goods and/or services identical to or narrower
than the list of goods and/or services in the basic application or
registration. The international application must designate one or more
Contracting Parties in which an extension of protection of the
international registration is sought.
The international application must be submitted through the trademark
office of the Contracting Party in which the basic application is
pending or basic registration is held (office of origin). The office of
origin must certify that the information in the international
application corresponds with the information in the basic application
or registration, and transmit the international application to the IB.
The IB will review an international application to determine whether
the Madrid Protocol filing requirements have been met and the required
fees have been paid. If an international application is unacceptable,
the IB will notify both the applicant and the office of origin of the
"irregularity." If the Madrid Protocol requirements have been met
and the fees have been paid, the IB will immediately register the mark,
publish the international registration in the WIPO Gazette of
International Marks, send a certificate to the holder, and notify the
offices of the designated Contracting Parties in which an extension of
protection of the international registration is sought. Registration by
the IB does not mean that the mark is automatically granted protection
in the designated Contracting Parties.
The holder of an international registration may designate additional
Contracting Parties in a subsequent designation. A subsequent
designation is a request by the holder of an international registration
for an extension of protection of its international registration to
additional Contracting Parties. Each Contracting Party designated in an
international application or subsequent designation will examine the
request for extension of protection as a national application under its
laws, and if it complies with the requirements for registration, grant
protection of the mark in its country. A Contracting Party must notify
the IB of the refusal of a request for extension of protection within
the time limits set forth in Article 5(2) of the Madrid Protocol. If a
notification of refusal is not sent to the IB within the required time
limits, the Contracting Party must grant protection of the mark in its
Discussion of Specific Rules Added or Changed
The Office is adding new rules setting forth the requirements
for submitting international applications and subsequent designations
through the Office for forwarding to the IB. The Office is also adding
new rules for processing requests for extension of protection of
international registrations to the United States, and changing current
regulations to bring the rules of practice in trademark cases into
conformance with the MPIA.
New Rules Added as Part 7
The Office is adding rules 7.1, 7.3, 7.4, 7.6, 7.7, 7.11, 7.12,
7.13, 7.14, 7.21, 7.22, 7.23, 7.24, 7.25, 7.26, 7.27, 7.28, 7.29, 7.30,
7.31, 7.36, 7.37, 7.38, 7.39, 7.40, and 7.41; and designating part 7 of
37 CFR as the rules of practice in filings pursuant to the Protocol
Relating to the Madrid Agreement Concerning the International
Registration of Marks.
Section 7.1 defines certain terms used in this part. Terms defined in
the MPIA are not included in the list of definitions in 7.1.
Section 7.3 requires that correspondence relating to international
applications and registrations be in English.
Section 7.4 states that correspondence submitted through the Trademark
Electronic Application System (TEAS) will be accorded the date and time
the complete transmission is received in the Office based on Eastern
Section 7.6 sets forth the fees required by the Office for
processing correspondence relating to international applications and
registrations under the Madrid Protocol. These fees must be paid in
U.S. dollars at the time of submission.
The Office is charging fees for: (1) Reviewing and certifying an
international application; (2) transmitting a subsequent designation;
(3) transmitting a request to record an assignment or restriction
(usually a security interest), or the release of a restriction, of a
holder's right of disposal of an international registration; (4)
requesting a notice of replacement; and (5) filing an affidavit of use
in commerce or excusable nonuse for a mark in a registered extension of
protection to the United States.
In addition to the fees required by the Office, there are international
fees for processing international applications and registrations.
Section 7.7 sets forth the international fees that may be paid to the
IB through the Office in connection with international applications and
registrations, and the requirements and procedures for submitting those
fees through the Office. A schedule of the international fees is
currently posted on the WIPO Web site, available at
http://www.wipo.int/madrid/en/. An international applicant
or holder may pay the fees directly to the IB, or to the IB through the
Office. Fees paid directly to the IB must be paid in Swiss francs, and
fees paid through the Office must be paid in U.S. dollars.
Under 7.7(b), if an international applicant or holder pays the
international fees through the Office, payment must be made at the time
of submission by any of the acceptable payment methods set forth in
2.207 and 2.208. If the international fees are paid directly to the
IB using an acceptable form of payment established by the IB, the
international applicant or holder must include the IB account number
for debiting fees or the IB receipt number as proof of payment of fees
in its submission to the Office. The fee calculator and acceptable
methods for paying fees to the IB may currently be viewed on the WIPO
Web site at http://www.wipo.int/madrid/en/.
International Applications Originating From the United States
The requirements for granting a date of receipt to an
international application are set forth in 7.11(a). An international
application must identify at least one basic application or
registration. The international application may be based on more than
one U.S. application and/or registration, provided that the owner and
the mark are the same for each basic application or registration.
An international application must be submitted through TEAS. The Office
has developed a TEAS form for filing an application for international
registration that conforms to the official IB form created by WIPO.
TEAS will require the applicant to select between two different types
of forms, namely, a pre-populated form containing information from the
basic application or registration, or a free-text form. The applicant
can use the pre-populated form if: (1) The international application is
based on a single basic application or registration; and (2)
applicant's changes to the international application are limited to
narrowing the list of goods or services. For all other international
applications, the applicant must fill in all the fields in the free
text form.
Section 7.11(a)(3) requires a reproduction of the mark in the
international application that is the same as the mark in the basic
application or registration, and that meets the drawing requirements of
2.52. If the mark in the basic application or registration is
depicted in black and white and does not include a color claim, the
reproduction of the mark in the international application must be black
and white. If a mark is depicted in black and white in the basic
application or registration but there is a claim of color, the
international application must include both a black and white
reproduction of the mark and a color reproduction of the mark. If the
mark in the basic application or registration is in color, the
reproduction of the mark in the international application must be in
Under 7.11(a)(4) and 7.12, if color is claimed as a feature of the
mark, the same color claim must be made in the international
application. If color is not claimed as a feature of the mark in the
basic application or registration, the international application may
not include a claim of color.
Under 7.11(a)(5), if the basic application or registration includes
a description of the mark, the international application must include
the same description of the mark.
Under 7.11(a)(6), if the mark in the basic application or
registration is a three-dimensional mark, sound mark, collective mark
or certification mark, the international application must indicate the
type of mark.
Section 7.11(a)(7) requires a list of goods and/or services in the
international application that is identical to or narrower than the
list of goods and/or services in the basic application or registration,
and is classified according to the Nice Agreement Concerning the
International Classification of Goods and Services for the Purposes of
the Registration of Marks. An applicant may omit or revise goods and/or
services from the international application as long as the omission or
revision does not broaden the scope of the goods or services identified
in the basic application or registration.
The pre-populated form will include the list of goods/services in the
basic application or registration. The applicant may edit the list of
goods and/or services by either omitting particular goods or services
or revising the description of goods or services populated from the
basic application or registration. In the free text form, the applicant
must enter the goods/services manually. The applicant may omit goods or
services, or revise the list of goods/services. The list of goods and
services for each designated Contracting Party must be identical to or
narrower than the list of goods or services in the international
Both the pre-populated form and the free-text form will also allow an
applicant to change the classification of goods and services in an
international application. If the goods or services in the basic
application or registration are classified in U.S. Classes A, B or 200
or entirely under the U.S. classification system, an applicant may want
to reclassify goods or services into international classes. Classes A,
B and 200 are not part of the international classification system under
the Nice Agreement. Failure to properly classify goods or services in
an international application according to the international
classification system under the Nice Agreement may result in an IB
notice of irregularity. The Office will issue an examination guide
regarding classification on or before November 2, 2003.
Under 7.11(a)(8), an international applicant must designate at least
one Contracting Party in which it seeks an extension of protection.
Under 7.11(a)(9), the international applicant must pay the U.S.
certification fee and the international fees (see 7.7) for all
classes and all designated Contracting Parties at the time of
submission.
Under section 61 of the Act, and 7.11(a)(10), an international
applicant must specify that applicant is a national of, is domiciled
in, or has a real and effective industrial or commercial establishment
in the United States. If the applicant is not a national of the United
States and the applicant's address on the application is outside of the
United States, the applicant will be required to provide the address of
the U.S. domicile or establishment.
Section 7.13 sets forth the requirements for certifying and forwarding
an international application to the IB. Under 7.13(a), if an
international application meets the requirements of 7.11(a), the
Office will grant a date of receipt, certify that the information
contained in the international application corresponds to the basic
application or registration, and forward the international application
electronically to the IB.
The Office must certify and forward an international application to the
IB within two months of the date of receipt in the Office in order to
provide the applicant with an international registration date as of the
date of receipt of the international application in the Office. The
Office will automatically certify and forward to the IB all
international applications based on a single basic application or
registration, with no limitations on the goods/services and no color
claim, that meet the requirements of 7.11(a). Limited review by the
Madrid Processing Unit (MPU) is required for international applications
where the goods or services have been narrowed or a color drawing is
attached. International applications that are completed on free text
forms are reviewed by the MPU. The use of a fully automated filing
system expedites the processing of international applications because
information is either pre-populated from Office records or entered by
the applicant directly into the Office's automated systems, and
electronically reviewed for certification.
Section 7.13(b) states that if the Office cannot certify that the
information contained in the international application corresponds with
the information in the basic application or registration, the Office
will notify the applicant that the international application cannot be
certified. Any international fees (see 7.7) paid through the Office
will be refunded; however, the Office will not refund the certification
Correcting Irregularities in International Application - 7.14
The IB will notify both the international applicant and the
Office of any irregularities in an international application. Under
Rule 11 of the Common Regulations, the international applicant must
correct certain irregularities through the Office. Fees for correcting
irregularities in an international application must be paid directly to
the IB. All other irregularities requiring applicant's response may
either be submitted through the Office or filed directly at the IB.
Section 7.14(b) sets forth the types of irregularities that must be
corrected through the Office, and 7.14(e) sets forth the procedures
for responding to irregularities through the Office.
To be considered timely, responses to IB notices of irregularities must
be received by the IB before the end of the response period set forth
in the IB's notice. Receipt in the Office does not fulfill this
requirement.
Information about filing directly with the IB is available on the WIPO
Web site, currently at http://www.wipo.int/madrid/en/. The
applicant may contact the IB by mail to the World Intellectual Property
Organization, 34 chemin des Colombettes, PO Box 18, CH-1211 Geneva 20,
Switzerland; by telephone at 41 22 338 9111; by fax to 41 22 740 1429;
or by e-mail to intreg.mail@wipo.int.
Irregularities in Classification and Identification of Goods/Services
Rules 12 and 13 of the Common Regulations provide that the IB
will not consider a response to irregularities in classification or
identification of goods and/or services unless the response is
submitted through the office of origin. Section 7.14(b) therefore
requires that an international applicant respond to irregularities in
classification and identification of goods and/or services through the
Office. Because the Office must certify that the goods or services in
an applicant's response are within the scope of the basic application
or registration at the time the response is filed, responses to
irregularities in the identification will be reviewed by the MPU.
If the goods or services in the basic application or registration have
been amended since the date the international application was submitted
to the Office, the goods and services in the response to the IB notice
must be within the scope of the amended goods and services. If the
response includes goods and services that exceed the scope of the goods
and services in the basic application or registration as amended, the
MPU will reject the response and notify the applicant. If there is time
remaining in the IB response period, the applicant may submit a
corrected response. If the goods and services in an applicant's
response do not exceed the scope of the goods and services in the basic
application or registration as amended, and the IB response period has
not expired, the MPU will certify the goods and services and forward
the response to the IB.
Fees To Correct Irregularities Must Be Paid Directly to the IB
Section 7.14(c) provides that fees for correcting
the IB. This is true even if the applicant is filing a response to
correct other irregularities through the Office. At this time, the
Office's automated system cannot process fees to correct irregularities
in an international application.
Other Irregularities Requiring Response From Applicant
Under 7.14(d), applicants may respond to all other
irregularities either through the Office in accordance with 7.14(e),
or directly at the IB. The Office will not respond to any
irregularities on behalf of an applicant. Except for an applicant's
response to irregularities in the identification of goods and services,
the Office will not review responses to IB notices of irregularities.
Procedures for Responding to IB Notices of Irregularities Through the
in the IB's notice. Receipt in the Office does not fulfill the
requirement for timely submission to the IB.
Under 7.14(e), the Office requires that applicants use TEAS to
submit responses through the Office. Responses submitted through the
Office for forwarding to the IB should be submitted as soon as
possible, but at least one month before the end of the response
deadline set forth in the IB's notice. The Office will not process any
response submitted to the Office after the IB response deadline.
Subsequent Designations - 7.21
Section 64 of the Act and 7.21 permit the holder of an
international registration to submit a subsequent designation through
the Office, if: (1) The international registration is based on a U.S.
application or registration; and (2) the holder of the international
registration is a national of, is domiciled in, or has a real and
effective industrial or commercial establishment in the United States.
The holder also has the option of filing a subsequent designation
directly with the IB.
Under 7.21, if a subsequent designation is submitted through the
Office, it must be submitted through TEAS and include the international
registration number, the name and address of the holder of the
international registration, one or more Contracting Parties in which an
extension of protection is sought, and a list of goods and/or services
that is identical to or narrower than the goods and/or services listed
in the international registration. The holder can omit or revise goods
and/or services from the subsequent designation as long as the omission
or revision does not broaden the scope of the goods or services
identified in the international registration. The holder must include
the U.S. transmittal fee and all subsequent designation fees (see
7.7) at the time of submission. The Office is not required to certify a
subsequent designation.
The IB will review a subsequent designation for compliance with Rule 24
of the Common Regulations before forwarding the request for extension
of protection to the designated Contracting Parties. If there are any
irregularities in the subsequent designation, the IB will notify both
the holder and the Office. The holder must file any responses to the
notice or irregularities directly with the IB. The Office will not
forward any responses to irregularities in a subsequent designation to
the IB, even if the subsequent designation was submitted through the
Recording Changes to International Registration
The IB shall record changes to international registrations
pursuant to Articles 9 and 9bis of the Madrid Protocol. Section
7.22 requires that all requests to record changes to an international
registration be filed at the IB, except in the limited circumstances in
which an assignment, or restriction of a holder's right of disposal of
an international registration or the release of such a restriction,
must be submitted through the Office, as set forth in 7.23 and
7.24. Section 10 of the Act and 37 CFR part 3 are not applicable to
such assignments or restrictions.
The Office will not take note of an assignment or restriction of a
holder's right of disposal of an international registration in its
records unless the IB notifies the Office that the assignment or
restriction has been recorded in the International Register. When the
IB sends notice of an assignment of an international registration with
an extension of protection to the United States, the MPU will update
the ownership information in the Trademark database and forward the IB
notice to the Assignment Services Division to update its automated
records. An assignment of an extension of protection that has not been
recorded at the IB will not be reflected in the Trademark database,
even if the assignment has been inadvertently recorded by the
Assignment Services Division.
Section 7.23 sets forth the limited circumstances in which a request to
record an assignment of an international registration may be submitted
through the Office. The Office will accept and forward to the IB a
request to record an assignment of an international registration by an
assignee who is a national of, is domiciled in or has a real and
effective commercial or industrial establishment in the U.S. only if
the assignee cannot obtain the assignor's signature for the request to
record the assignment and the request meets the requirements of
record a restriction of a holder's right of disposal of an
international registration, or the release of such a restriction, may
be submitted through the Office. Under 7.24, the Office will accept
for submission and forward to the IB a request to record a restriction
of a holder's right of disposal of an international registration
(usually a security interest), or the release of such a restriction, by
a party holding the restriction who is a national of, is domiciled in
or has a real and effective commercial or industrial establishment in
the U.S. only if: (1) (i) The restriction is the result of a court
order; or (ii) the restriction is the result of an agreement between
the holder of the international registration and the party restricting
the holder's right of disposal, and the signature of the holder of the
international registration cannot be obtained; (2) the party who
obtained the restriction is a national of, is domiciled in, or has a
real and effective industrial or commercial establishment in the United
States; and (3) the restriction or release applies to the holder's
right to dispose of the international registration in the United
States. The request must meet the requirements of 7.24(b). The
Office will charge a fee for transmitting a request to record an
assignment or restriction, or the release of a restriction, to the IB.
Requests for Extension of Protection to the United States
Under section 65 of the Act, the holder of an international
registration may request an extension of protection of the
international registration to the United States, provided the
international registration is not based on a U.S. application or
The holder may file with the IB a request for extension of protection
to the United States in either an international application or a
subsequent designation. Section 66(a) of the Act requires that a
request for extension of protection to the United States include a
declaration of bona fide intention to use the mark in commerce that the
United States Congress can regulate. The allegations in a verified
statement required by an international applicant or holder seeking an
extension of protection of an international registration to the United
States are set forth in 2.33(e). See discussion below of new
2.33(e). The IB will certify that the request for extension of
protection contains a properly signed declaration of bona fide
intention to use the mark in commerce when it forwards the request to
the Office. The declaration will remain part of the international
registration on file at the IB.
The IB will forward the request for extension of protection to the
Office electronically. A holder cannot file a request for extension of
protection to the United States directly with the Office.
Section 7.25 provides that for purposes of examination and opposition,
a request for an extension of protection to the United States will be
referred to as an application for registration under section 66(a) of
the Act; that references to "applications" and "registrations"
in 37 CFR part 2 include extensions of protection to the United States;
and that upon registration, an extension of protection will be referred
to as a "registration," a "registered extension of protection,"
or a "section 66(a) registration." With the exception of
2.130-2.131, 2.160-2.166, 2.168, 2.172, 2.173, 2.175 and 2.181-2.186,
all the sections in 37 CFR parts 2 and 10 apply to a request for
extension of protection to the United States.
Under 7.26, the filing date of a request for extension of protection
to the United States for purposes of examination in the Office is: (1)
The international registration date, if the request for extension of
protection to the United States was made in the international
application, or (2) the date the IB recorded the subsequent
designation, if the request for extension of protection to the United
States was made in a subsequent designation. Under section 66(b) of the
Act, the filing date of the extension of protection will be considered
the date of constructive notice pursuant to section 7(c) of the Act.
Under section 67 of the Act and 7.27, the holder of an international
registration may claim priority under Article 4 of the Paris Convention
for the Protection of Industrial Property if: (1) The request for an
extension of protection contains a claim of priority; and (2) the
international registration date or the date of recordal of the
subsequent designation at the IB requesting an extension of protection
to the United States is no later than six months after the filing date
of the application that formed the basis of the claim of priority.
Under Article 4bis of the Madrid Protocol, where a mark that is
the subject of a national or regional registration in the Office of a
Contracting Party is also the subject of an international registration
and both registrations are in the name of the same person, the
international registration is deemed to replace the national or
regional registration, without prejudice to any rights acquired by
virtue of the latter, provided that: (1) The protection resulting from
the international registration extends to that Contracting Party; (2)
all the goods and services listed in the national or regional
registration are also listed in the international registration with
respect to that Contracting Party; and (3) the extension of protection
takes effect after the date of the national or regional registration.
Under section 74 of the Act and 7.28(a), a registered extension of
protection to the United States affords the same rights as a previously
issued U.S. registration if: (1) Both registrations are owned by the
same person and identify the same mark; and (2) the goods/services in
the previously issued U.S. registration are covered by the registered
extension of protection. Under 7.28(b), the holder of a registered
extension of protection may request that the Office note in its records
replacement of the earlier U.S. registration by the extension of
protection. The Office will require a fee to note replacement.
Under 7.29, the replaced U.S. registration will remain in force,
unless cancelled, expired or surrendered, as long as the owner files
affidavits or declarations of use or excusable nonuse under section 8
of the Act and renews the registration under section 9 of the Act.
Effect of Cancellation or Expiration of InternationalRegistration on
Extension of Protection
Under section 70 of the Act and 7.30, the Office will cancel
a pending or registered extension of protection to the United States,
in whole or in part, if the IB notifies the Office of the cancellation
or expiration of the corresponding international registration, in whole
or in part.
Under section 70(c) of the Act and 7.31, if an international
registration is cancelled, in whole or in part, by the IB at the
request of the office of origin under Article 6(4) of the Madrid
Protocol (due to the cancellation or expiration of the basic
application or registration), the holder of the international
registration may file a request to transform the corresponding
extension of protection to the United States into an application under
sections 1 and/or 44 of the Act. If only a portion of the cancelled
goods and services in the international registration pertains to the
extension of protection to the United States, the Office will not
cancel the entire extension of protection, but will instead delete the
cancelled goods or services from the extension of protection. The
holder of the extension of protection may request transformation only
as to the cancelled goods or services.
The requirements for transformation are set forth in 7.31(a). The
holder of an international registration must file the request for
transformation through TEAS within three months of the date of
cancellation of the international registration. The request must
include an application filing fee for at least one class of goods and/
or services.
Under 7.31(b), if a request for transformation contains all the
elements in 7.31(a), the cancelled extension of protection to the
United States will be transformed into an application under sections 1
and/or 44 of the Act. The application will be accorded the same filing
date and same priority (if any) as the cancelled extension of
protection to the United States. The application resulting from the
transformation will be examined as a new application under part 2 and,
if approved for publication, published for opposition. The application
must meet all the requirements of the Act and rules for an application
under section 1 and/or section 44 of the Act, as appropriate.
If the holder does not meet the requirements of 7.31(a), the Office
will not process the request for transformation.
Maintaining an Extension of Protection to the United States
Section 71 of the Act and 7.36 require the holder of an
international registration with a registered extension of protection to
the United States to file an affidavit or declaration of use in
commerce or excusable nonuse during the following time periods: (1)
Between the fifth and sixth year after the date of registration in the
United States; and (2) within the six-month period before the end of
every ten-year period after the date of registration in the United
States, or upon payment of a grace period surcharge, within the three-
month grace period immediately following.
There is no requirement in the MPIA that the holder of a registered
extension of protection to the United States renew the extension of
protection in the Office under section 9 of the Act. Renewal of
international registrations is governed by Article 7 of the Madrid
Protocol and Rules 29-31 of the Common Regulations. The term of an
international registration is ten years, and it may be renewed for ten
years upon payment of the renewal fee.
Under 7.41, renewal of an international registration and its
extension of protection to the United States must be made directly with
the IB. A request for renewal of an international registration cannot
be submitted through the Office. If an international registration is
not renewed at the IB, the registration will lapse, and the IB will
notify the Office. Pursuant to section 70(b) of the Act, the Office
will cancel the corresponding extension of protection to the United
Comments to Part 7 Rules
Comment: One comment voiced a concern that people
who reside in the West will be disadvantaged by the Office's adherence
to Eastern Time for according date and time of receipt of
correspondence under 7.4.
Response: The Office currently uses Eastern Time to accord a
date and time of receipt to trademark-related correspondence, even when
documents are submitted by customers on the West Coast and overseas.
Under the current practice, the Office is able to consistently accord a
receipt date to the thousands of documents it receives daily, without
regard to the time zone in which the correspondence originated. This
ensures effective and expeditious processing of incoming
correspondence. Applying the same practice to correspondence related to
international applications and registrations will provide continuity to
the incoming correspondence process.
Comment: One comment requested an explanation of the
Office's fees for transmitting IB filings submitted electronically by
applicants and the associated burden on the Office in comparison with
the fees and associated burden on other national trademark offices.
Response: The fees for processing IB filings under the
Madrid Protocol reflect not only the "handling fee" but also the
cost of redesigning the Office's automated systems so that it can
receive documents from and transmit documents to the IB, and maintain
electronic copies of documents sent to and received from the IB; the
cost of reprogramming and expanding TEAS to add new forms for filings
related to the Madrid Protocol; and the expense associated with
establishing, staffing and operating a new business unit, the Madrid
Processing Unit (MPU). Each Contracting Party sets their own
transmittal fees. The Office does not provide information about other
national trademark offices.
Comment: Two comments opposed mandatory electronic filing
and requested that the Office provide an alternative to electronic
filing.
Response: It is imperative that the Office process
international applications expeditiously because the Office must
certify and forward an international application meeting the
requirements of 7.11 to the IB within two months of the date of
receipt in the Office in order to provide the applicant with an
international registration date as of the date of receipt of the
international application in the Office. Electronic filing saves the
Office time in processing international applications and provides
greater assurance to customers and the Office that the information
contained in the electronic application is accurate. The pre-populated
form takes information directly from the Office records, and the
information entered by an applicant in the free text form is entered
directly into the Office's automated system. The use of a completely
automated system eliminates the additional time and work steps involved
in scanning a paper application into electronic form and reduces the
possibility of the paper application becoming lost within the Office.
Comment: Four comments requested that the Office eliminate
the requirement for an address that is identical to the address in the
basic application or registration.
Response: The Office has eliminated that requirement.
Comment: Two comments suggested that the Office adopt a
mechanism to link the trademark automated records with the assignment
automated records to avoid ownership discrepancies in the Office
Response: The Office has created an interface between the
automated system in the Assignment Services Division of the Office and
the Trademark database that will enable the Office to update ownership
information in the Trademark database when an assignment of the entire
interest and goodwill, a name change or a merger has been recorded in
the Assignment Services Division. This change in practice will apply
only to documents recorded on and after the date on which the new
procedures are implemented. The Office will implement these new
procedures on or before November 2, 2003. A notice with detailed
guidelines will be published in the Official Gazette and posted on the
Office's Web site prior to November 2, 2003.
Comment: One comment asked if the TEAS form will permit an
international applicant to authorize some charges to a U.S. deposit
account and other charges to an IB account in a single filing.
Response: The TEAS form is designed to permit an
Comment: Two comments requested that the Office treat
international applications that do not meet the requirements of
7.11(a) as informal and allow applicants an opportunity to correct any
deficiencies.
Response: Setting up a docketing system for informal
international applications is unnecessary and inefficient. Since an
international application is filed in "real" time through TEAS, if
required information is omitted from an international application, the
applicant will immediately receive a TEAS error message. If the Office
cannot certify an international application, the MPU will send an
e-mail message. In either case, the applicant may immediately re-file
the international application with the correct information through
TEAS.
Comment: One comment suggested that 7.14 identify the
irregularities that the Office must correct under the Common
Response: The suggestion has not been adopted. The
irregularities that the Office must remedy are set forth in Rule 11(4)
of the Common Regulations, and are not repeated in part 7 of these
Comment: One comment requested that the Office change the
applicant's deadline for submitting responses to IB notices of
irregularities through TEAS from one month to seven days prior to the
IB deadline.
Response: The one-month response period set forth in
7.14(e) is a suggestion, not a deadline. Only responses to correct
irregularities in classification and identification of goods and
services must be submitted through the Office. Early submission is
encouraged to allow the Office sufficient time to process responses to
irregularities in classification and identification of goods and/or
services through the Office. Fees for correcting irregularities must be
paid directly to the IB. All other responses to correct irregularities
can be filed directly at the IB or submitted through the Office for
forwarding to the IB. See discussion above of 7.14.
Comment: One comment stated that the Office should be
willing to assist international applicants in resolving classification
or identification issues raised by the IB.
Response: The IB will propose changes to the identification
and classification of goods and services in its notice of
irregularities concerning goods and services. Because the final
decision on classification and identification for an international
application rests with the IB, the Office recommends that applicants
adopt suggestions offered by the IB, if accurate.
Comment: One comment requested that the Office treat
deficient requests to record an assignment or restriction (see
7.23 and 7.24) as informal and allow the filer an opportunity to
correct deficiencies within a reasonable time.
Response: Setting up a docketing system for deficient
requests is unnecessary and inefficient. If the request is deficient,
the Office will inform the filer of the deficiency in an e-mail
message. The applicant/holder will have the opportunity to immediately
re-file.
Comment: One comment stated that noting replacement of an
extension of protection before registration could cause confusion as to
the effect of such notice.
Response: The Office has revised 7.28. Under Article 4bis
of the Madrid Protocol and section 74 of the Act, replacement does not
take effect until the extension of protection matures into a
registration. Therefore, the Office will not note replacement of an
extension of protection unless the mark has registered.
Comment: Two comments stated that the grace period for
affidavits of use under 7.36 should be changed from three months to
six months.
Response: The grace period for filing an affidavit of use of
a registered extension of protection is set forth in section 71 of the
Act and will require a statutory amendment.
Amendment to Part 2 Rules
In addition to the new rules added as part 7 of 37 CFR, the
Office is amending rules and adding new rules to part 2 of 37 CFR to
bring the rules of practice in trademark cases into conformance with
the MPIA, to set forth the requirements for examination and
registration of extensions of protection to the United States, as well
as proceedings before the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board relating to
them, and to otherwise clarify and improve the procedures for
processing trademark applications and conducting proceedings before the
Trademark Trial and Appeal Board.
The Office is amending rules 2.2, 2.11, 2.17, 2.18, 2.19, 2.21, 2.33,
2.88, 2.101, 2.102, 2.104, 2.105, 2.107, 2.111, 2.112, 2.113, 2.118,
2.121, 2.123, 2.127, 2.128, 2.130, 2.131, 2.142, 2.145, 2.146, 2.151,
2.161, and 2.171; and adding rules 2.53, 2.54, and 2.126.
The Office is amending 2.2 to add definitions of "ESTTA"
(Electronic System for Trademark Trials and Appeals) and
"international application."
The Office is revising 2.11 and its heading to indicate that
representation before the Office is governed by 37 CFR 10.14. It is
redundant to have provisions governing representation before the Office
in both parts 2 and 10.
The Office is rewording 2.17(b) by adding a reference to
10.14(b), and rewording 2.17(a) and (c) by replacing "paper"
with "document."
The Office is amending 2.18 to clarify procedures for establishing a
correspondence address in trademark cases. The amendment does not
change current practice.
The Office is amending 2.19(a) to clarify procedures for sending
correspondence after a power of attorney is revoked, and amending
2.19(b) to indicate that the procedures for permissive withdrawal of an
attorney are governed by 10.40.
The Office is amending 2.21(a) to indicate that 2.21 sets
forth the minimum filing requirements only for applications under sections
1 and 44 of the Act. The filing date of an application under section
66(a) of the Act is governed by section 66(b) of the Act and 7.26.
Section 2.33(d)(1) is amended to delete the requirement that a party
who signs a trademark document electronically print, sign, date and
maintain a paper copy of the electronic submission. It is burdensome
and inefficient to require parties who file electronically to maintain
both paper and electronic records of the filings.
The Office is also amending 2.33 by adding paragraph (e), setting
forth the requirements for a verified statement for an application
under section 66(a) of the Act, and stating that the verified statement
is part of the international registration on file at the IB.
The Office is removing 2.34(a)(1)(v), 2.34(a)(2)(ii),
2.34(a)(3)(iv) and 2.34(a)(4)(iv), which state that an application may
list more than one item of goods or more than one service, provided
that the applicant has used or has a bona fide intention to use the
mark in commerce on or in connection with all the specified goods or
services. This is stated in 2.32(a)(6), 2.33(b)(1) and
2.33(b)(2), and it is unnecessary to repeat it in 2.34.
The Office is amending 2.34(a)(4)(i)(A) to require that an
application based on section 44(d) of the Act specify the serial number
of the foreign application. This incorporates a requirement of Article
4(D)(5) of the Paris Convention, and codifies current practice, as
stated in TMEP 1003.
The Office is adding a new 2.34(a)(5), setting forth a request for
extension of protection of an international registration under section
66(a) of the Act as a fifth basis for filing a trademark application.
The Office is revising 2.34(b) to provide that more than one basis
can be claimed only in an application under section 1 or 44 of the Act,
and that a basis under section 66(a) of the Act cannot be combined with
any other basis.
The Office is revising 2.35(a) to state that in an application under
section 66(a) of the Act, the applicant may not add, substitute or
delete a basis, unless the applicant meets the requirements for
transformation under section 70(c) of the Act and 7.31.
The Office is revising 2.35(b) to clarify that the requirements for
adding, substituting or deleting a basis apply only to applications
under sections 1 and 44 of the Act. This does not change current
practice.
The Office is redesignating 2.35(c) through 2.35(h) as 2.35(b)(3)
through 2.35(b)(8).
The Office is amending 2.37(b) to delete the requirement for a
description of a mark that has color. The requirement for a description
of color for marks where color is claimed as a feature of the mark is
already set forth in 2.52, and it is unnecessary to repeat the
requirement in 2.37.
The Office is amending 2.47 to indicate that an application under
section 66(a) of the Act is not eligible for registration on the
Supplemental Register. Section 68(a)(4) of the Act provides that
registration of an extension of protection of an international
registration shall be refused to any mark not eligible for registration
on the Principal Register.
The Office is rewording 2.51 to simplify the rule and to add a
provision that, in an application under section 66(a) of the Act, the
drawing of the mark must be a substantially exact representation of the
mark that appears in the international registration.
The Office is revising 2.52 to clarify the types of drawings and
format for drawings. There are two types of drawings: (1) Standard
character drawings; and (2) special form drawings. Currently the rules
refer to "typed drawings." The Office is using the term "standard
character" in the amended rules instead of the term "typed"
because this is the term used for international applications under the
Madrid Protocol. Section 2.52(a) sets forth the requirements for a
standard character drawing, and 2.52(b) sets forth the requirements
for a special form drawing.
Section 2.52(a) permits an applicant to submit a standard character
drawing, if the applicant seeks to register words, letters, and/or
numbers without claim to any particular font style, size, or color, and
the mark does not include a design element. Only Latin characters,
Roman or Arabic numerals and common punctuation and diacritical marks
may be used in a standard character drawing. The Office has created a
chart of acceptable characters that may be included in a standard
character drawing. The Office's standard characters set is attached as
an appendix to this notice and will be published on the Office's Web
site and linked to TEAS forms.
A standard character drawing does not have to display the mark in all
upper case letters, but may display the mark in any font style. To
avoid any confusion as to whether an applicant is seeking registration
of a mark in standard characters or in the particular font style
depicted in the drawing, 2.52(a)(1) requires an applicant seeking
registration of a mark in standard characters to submit a statement
that the mark is in standard characters and that no claim is made to
any particular font style, size, or color. If a drawing displays a mark
in all capital letters or includes the wording "typed drawing," the
Office will treat the drawing as a standard character drawing and the
examining attorney will amend the application to include a standard
characters statement by Examiner's Amendment. No prior authorization
from the applicant is required for this type of Examiner's Amendment.
If it is unclear whether the drawing is a standard character drawing or
a special form drawing, the examining attorney will require the
applicant to clarify the type of drawing during examination.
Section 2.52(b) requires a special form drawing if an applicant seeks
to register a design, a mark that contains color, or a mark comprised
of words, letters and/or numbers in a particular font style or size.
Section 2.52(b)(1) requires that if a mark includes color, the drawing
must show the mark in color and the applicant must claim color as a
feature of the mark, name the color(s) and describe where the color(s)
appear in the mark.
Currently, the Office does not accept color drawings. Under the current
rules, to show color in a mark, an applicant must submit a black and
white drawing, with a statement identifying the color(s) and describing
where they appear in the mark. Alternatively, an applicant may show
color by using the lining chart set forth in TMEP 807.09(b).
Effective November 2, 2003, the Office will accept color drawings, and
will require that applicants whose marks include color submit a drawing
that shows color. The Office will no longer accept black and white
drawings with a color claim, or drawings that are "lined for
color." Under 2.52(b)(1), if color is not claimed as a feature of
the mark, the applicant must submit a black and white drawing. This is
consistent with the requirements for international applications under
the Madrid Protocol.
The new requirements under 2.52(b)(1) do not prohibit the use of
stippling in a black and white drawing. The Office will continue to
process drawings with stippling as black and white drawings. However,
if shading in a mark produces gray tones or gray is a feature of the
mark, the Office will process the drawing as a color drawing and
require a color claim.
The Office is adding 2.53, setting forth additional requirements for
drawings filed through TEAS, and 2.54, setting forth additional
requirements for drawings submitted on paper.
Section 2.53(a) requires an applicant submitting a standard character
drawing to type the mark in the appropriate field on the TEAS form or
attach a digitized image of the mark that meets the requirements of
2.53(c). If the applicant enters the mark in the appropriate text field
on the TEAS form and the standard characters in the applicant's mark
are all included in the Office's standard character set (see Appendix),
the Office will create a digitized image of the mark in .jpg format and
attach the image to the TEAS submission. If the applicant enters a mark
that includes characters not in the Office's standard character set, an
error message will appear. The applicant will then be required to
2.53(c).
Section 2.53(b) requires an applicant filing a special form drawing to
attach to its TEAS submission a digitized image of the mark that meets
the requirements of 2.53(c).
Section 2.53(c) requires a digitized image of the mark that is in .jpg
format and scanned at no less than 300 dots per inch and no more than
350 dots per inch with a length and width of no less than 250 pixels
and no more than 944 pixels. The image must be clear and produce a high
quality image when copied. These requirements are necessary to ensure
that the Office database contains a clear and accurate reproduction of
the mark and meets the 8 cm by 8 cm size limit that is required for an
international application.
The Office is adding 2.54, setting forth the requirements for a
paper drawing. These requirements are necessary to ensure that the
Office receives an image that can be scanned into its database without
losing clarity.
The Office is amending 2.56(d)(4) to require that a specimen
transmitted electronically be a digitized image in .jpg format.
The Office is amending 2.65(a) to add a statement that if a refusal
or requirement is expressly limited to only certain goods and/or
services and the applicant fails to file a complete response to the
refusal or requirement, the application shall be abandoned only as to
those particular goods and/or services. This is a change in practice.
Currently, failure to respond to a refusal that pertains to fewer than
all the goods and/or services, or fewer than all the classes, will
result in abandonment of the entire application. See TMEP 1403.05.
This change in practice will result in fewer abandoned applications and
comports with sections 68(c) and 69(a) of the Act, which provide that
an application under section 66(a) of the Act is automatically
protected with respect to any goods or services for which the Office
has not timely notified the IB of a refusal.
Proposed 2.66(a) required an applicant to file a petition to revive
an abandoned application based on unintentional delay within two months
of the mailing date of the notice of abandonment. The proposed rule
removed 2.66(a)(2), which provides that such a petition may be filed
within two months of actual knowledge of the abandonment if the
applicant did not receive the notice of abandonment and the applicant
was diligent in checking the status of the application. This change in
practice was proposed to improve the accuracy and integrity of the
Office database, to prevent harm to third parties who have searched
Office records, and to prevent the loss of international registrations
due to the abandonment of the basic application.
The strict time limits imposed by Article 5(2) of the Madrid Protocol
for issuing refusals of requests for extension of protection of
international registrations to the United States increase the
importance of the accuracy and integrity of the Office database.
Moreover, because of the dependency of an international registration on
a basic application under Article 6 of the Madrid Protocol, filing a
petition to revive an abandoned application that serves as the basis of
an international registration, more than two months after the date of
abandonment may result in the loss of the international registration.
If the basic application is abandoned, and a petition to revive is not
filed within two months of the mailing date of the notice of
abandonment, the Office will notify the IB of the abandonment of the
application. The IB will then cancel the international registration
that was based on the U.S. application. Once the IB cancels an
international registration, it cannot be revived, even if the basic
application is revived.
However, in view of several comments objecting to the proposed
amendment, the Office has reconsidered this proposed change and is not
removing 2.66(a)(2). Instead, the Office is revising 2.66(a)(2)
to require that an applicant, who files a petition to revive within two
months of actual knowledge of the abandonment of the application and
who did not receive a notice of abandonment of the application, must
have been diligent in checking the status of the application every six
months from the filing date of the application to the issuance of a
registration in accordance with 2.146(i).
The Office is not adopting proposed 2.72(d), which would have
provided that in an application under section 66(a) of the Act, the
applicant could amend the description or drawing of the mark if the
proposed amendment does not materially alter the mark. The Madrid
Protocol and the Common Regulations do not permit the amendment of a
mark in an international registration. If the holder of the
international registration wants to change the mark in any way, even
slightly, the holder must file a new international application. See the
IB's Guide to International Registration, Para. B.II.69.02 (2002).
Because an application under section 66(a) of the Act is a request to
extend protection of the mark in an international registration to the
United States, the Office will not permit any amendment to the mark in
a section 66(a) application.
Section 2.73 sets forth the requirements for amendment of an
application to recite concurrent use under section 2(d) of the Act. The
Office is amending 2.73(a) to add references to applications under
sections 44 and 66(a) of the Act.
The Office is adding a new 2.75(c), stating that in an application
under section 66(a) of the Act, the applicant may not amend the
application to the Supplemental Register. As noted above, section
68(a)(4) of the Act provides that registration of an extension of
protection of an international registration shall be refused to any
mark not eligible for registration on the Principal Register.
The Office is revising 2.84(a) and (b) to add references to the new
filing basis under section 66(a) of the Act. The provisions with
respect to requesting jurisdiction over published section 66(a)
applications are similar to those in applications under sections 1(a)
and 44 of the Act. However, when deciding whether to grant requests for
jurisdiction of section 66(a) applications, the Director must also
consider the strict time limits for notifying the IB of a refusal of an
application under section 66(a) of the Act, set forth in Article 5(2)
of the Madrid Protocol and section 68(c) of the Act.
Section 2.88(i)(3) is amended to correct a cross-reference.
The Office is amending 2.101(a), 2.111(a), 2.118 and 2.145(c)(4)
to refer to the United States Patent and Trademark Office as Office.
The Office is amending 2.101(b) to substitute "person" for
"entity" to track the statutory language; to make the rule gender
neutral; to clarify the definitions of "attorney" and "other
authorized representative" by reference to 10.1(c) and 10.14(b),
respectively; to clarify that an opposition must be signed; and to
indicate that electronic signatures are required for electronically
filed oppositions.
The Office is adding a new 2.101(b)(1) and a new 2.101(b)(2)
stating that an opposition to an application based on section 1 or 44
of the Act must be filed either on paper or electronically through
ESTTA, but that an opposition to an application based on section 66(a)
of the Act must be filed only through ESTTA.
The Office is revising 2.101(d)(1) through 2.101(d)(3) and adding
new 2.101(d)(3)(i) through 2.101(d)(3)(iii) to indicate that the
Office will not accept an opposition submitted through ESTTA that does
not include fees to cover all named party opposers and all classes
opposed; and that the Office will not institute an opposition
proceeding if an opposition submitted on paper does not include a fee
sufficient to pay for one person to oppose the registration of a mark
in at least one class. Prior to instituting an opposition, the Board
will no longer correspond with an opposer in an opposition submitted on
paper to permit submission of additional fees or designation of party
opposers and/or classes where an opposition is submitted with
insufficient fees to pay for opposition by all party opposers and/or in
all classes. The amended regulation explains how the Office will apply
a fee accompanying a paper submission that is insufficient to cover all
classes and/or to cover all party opposers. The Board will notify
opposer when the opposition is instituted and will indicate in the
notification the opposers and classes opposed, i.e., for which the
required fees were submitted.
The Office is amending 2.102(a) to make the rule gender neutral; to
clarify the definitions of "attorney" and "authorized
representative" by reference to 10.1(c) and 10.14(b),
respectively; to clarify that a request to extend the time for filing
an opposition must be signed; and to indicate that electronic
signatures are required for electronically filed requests to extend the
time for filing oppositions.
The Office is adding a new 2.102(a)(1) and a new 2.102(a)(2)
stating that a written request to extend the time for filing an
opposition to an application based on section 1 or 44 of the Act must
be filed either on paper or electronically through ESTTA, but stating
that a request to extend the time for filing an opposition to an
application based on section 66(a) of the Act must be filed only
through ESTTA.
The Office is revising 2.102(c) to set out the time frames for
extensions of time to oppose and to indicate that the Trademark Trial
and Appeal Board will no longer extend a potential opposer's time to
file an opposition beyond 180 days from the date the mark is published
for opposition. The Office is adding 2.102(c)(1), (2) and (3) to
state the requirements concerning the filing of permitted requests to
extend the time for filing an opposition.
The Office is removing 2.102(d), which requires submission of
extension requests in triplicate.
The Office is revising 2.104(a) to remove the requirement that a
duplicate copy of the opposition, including exhibits, be filed with an
opposition.
The Office is rewording the heading for 2.105 to specify that
notification of opposition proceedings is to the parties.
The Office is revising 2.105 to clarify the definitions of
"attorney" and "authorized representative" by reference to
10.1(c) and 10.14(b), respectively; and to indicate that, if no
attorney or other authorized representative is appointed, notification
will be sent to a party's domestic representative, or, if there is no
domestic representative, notification will be sent to the party.
The Office is redesignating 2.107 as 2.107(a); and revising it to
limit this paragraph to oppositions against an application filed under
section 1 or 44 of the Act; and to incorporate in the rule the existing
Board practice which prohibits an opposer in a proceeding against an
application filed under section 1 or 44 of the Act from adding to the
goods or services in an opposition after the period for filing the
opposition has closed.
The Office is adding a new 2.107(b) to state that pleadings in an
opposition proceeding against an application filed under section 66(a)
of the Act may be amended in the same manner and to the same extent as
in a civil action in a United States district court; except that, once
filed, such opposition may not be amended to add to the goods or
services opposed, or to add to the grounds for opposition. Thus,
opposer may not add an entirely new ground for opposition or add an
additional claimed registration to a previously stated section 2(d)
ground. An opposer may make amendments to grounds asserted in the
notice of opposition, for example, for clarification.
The Office is revising 2.111(b) to substitute "person" for
neutral; to clarify the definitions of "attorney" and "authorized
respectively; to clarify that a petition for cancellation must be
signed; and to indicate that electronic signatures are required for
electronically filed petitions for cancellation.
The Office is revising 2.111(c) to divide it into four paragraphs;
to state that the Office will not accept a petition for cancellation
submitted through ESTTA that does not include fees to cover all named
party petitioners and all classes; that the Office will not institute a
cancellation proceeding if a petition for cancellation submitted on
paper does not include a fee sufficient to pay for one person for a
petition for cancellation against at least one class; and that prior to
instituting a cancellation proceeding, the Office will no longer
correspond with the petitioner named in a petition for cancellation
submitted on paper to permit submission of additional fees or
designation of party petitioners and/or classes where a petition for
cancellation is submitted with insufficient fees to pay for
cancellation by all party petitioners and/or in all classes. The
revision explains how the Office will apply a fee accompanying a paper
submission that is insufficient to cover all classes and/or to cover
all party petitioners.
The Office is amending 2.112(a) to make the rule gender neutral and
to remove the requirement that a duplicate copy of the petition for
cancellation, including exhibits, be filed with the petition for
cancellation.
notification of cancellation proceedings is to the parties.
The Office is revising 2.113 to divide it into paragraphs (a), (b),
(c) and (d) for clarity; to clarify the definitions of "attorney"
and "authorized representative" by reference to 10.1(c) and
10.14(b), respectively; and to indicate that, if no attorney or other
authorized representative is appointed by a party, notification will be
sent to that party's domestic representative, or, if there is no
domestic representative for that party, notification will be sent to
the party.
The Office is amending 2.118 to delete reference to a party residing
abroad and his representative in the United States in order to clarify
that when any notice sent by the Office to a registrant is returned to
the Office, notice may be given by publication in the Official Gazette,
regardless of whether that registrant resides in the United States or
elsewhere.
The Office is amending 2.121(d) to eliminate the requirement for
multiple copies of a stipulated/consent motion to extend the discovery
or testimony periods in view of the fact that the Board is no longer
stamping copies as "approved" and returning the copies to the
The Office is amending 2.123(g)(1) to require that depositions be in
written form, but to delete reference to specific requirements that may
vary depending upon the media used for submission. Requirements for
submissions are specified in 2.126.
The Office is adding new 2.126, entitled "Form of submissions to
the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board," which includes paragraphs (a)
through (d). Paragraphs (a) through (c) provide that submissions may be
made to the Board on paper, CD-ROM, or electronically, as permitted by
the rules contained in this part or Board practice; and specify the
requirements for each type of submission. Paragraph (d) specifies the
requirements for making a submission to the Board that is confidential
in whole or in part.
The Office is amending 2.127(a) to delete the specifications for
filing on paper a brief in support of, or response to, a motion,
referring instead to 2.126.
The Office is amending 2.128(b) to require that briefs be in written
form and to delete the specifications for filing a brief on paper,
The Office is amending both the heading and the body of 2.130 to
change "Examiner of Trademarks" to "trademark examining
attorney." The Office is revising 2.130 to provide that during an
inter partes proceeding, only applications under section 1 or section
44 of the Act may be remanded, at the request of the trademark
examining attorney, for consideration of facts which appear to render
the mark unregistrable.
The Office is amending 2.131 to change the term "examiner" to
"trademark examining attorney" and to limit the applicability of
this section to inter partes proceedings involving applications under
sections 1 and 44 of the Act.
The Office is revising 2.142(a) and (b)(2) to state that notices of
appeal and briefs must be filed in written form, as prescribed in
2.126, and to delete the specifications for filing a brief on paper.
The Office is amending 2.145(b)(3) to indicate that notices of
appeal to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit should be
sent to the Office of the General Counsel, with a duplicate copy
addressed to the Board.
The Office is amending 2.145(c)(3) to indicate that any adverse
party to an appeal taken to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal
Circuit by a defeated party in an inter partes proceeding who files a
notice with the Office as provided in section 21(b) of the Act, must
address that notice to the Office of the General Counsel.
The Office is amending 2.145(c)(4) to indicate that, in order to
avoid premature termination of a Board proceeding, a party who
commences a civil action, pursuant to section 21(b) of the Act, must
file written notice thereof at the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board.
The Office is amending 2.146(c) to delete reference to a petition to
revive as an example of a situation where an affidavit or declaration
is required in support of a petition. This is a technical correction to
the rule. Effective October 30, 1999, 2.66 was amended to delete the
requirement for an affidavit or declaration in a petition to revive
based on unintentional delay. An unverified statement is sufficient.
See notices at 64 FR 48900 (Sept. 8, 1999) and 1226 TMOG 103 (Sept. 28,
1999). However, 2.146(c) still requires a verified statement in
other situations where facts are to be proven on petition. For example,
if the petition arises from the loss or misplacement of a document
submitted to the Office, it should be accompanied by the affidavit or
declaration of the person who mailed the document, attesting to the
date of submission and identifying the document filed with the petition
as a true copy of the document previously filed. TMEP 1705.03.
The Office is amending 2.146(i) to change the standard for a showing
of due diligence for petitions in which the petitioner seeks to
reactivate an application or registration that was abandoned, cancelled
or expired due to the loss or mishandling of papers. Currently, the
rule requires that to be considered diligent, petitioners must check
the status of pending matters within one year of the last filing or
receipt of a notice from the Office for which further action by the
Office is expected. The Office is shortening the time period from one
year to six months. A showing of due diligence will require that a
petitioner check the status of a pending application every six months
between the filing date of the application and issuance of a
registration; check the status of a registration every six months after
filing an affidavit of use or excusable nonuse under section 8 or 71 of
the Act, or a renewal application under section 9 of the Act, until the
petitioner receives notice that the affidavit or renewal application
has been accepted; and promptly request corrective action where
Third parties may be harmed by the removal and later reinsertion of an
application or registration in the Office database. Hundreds of
petitions are filed each month to reinstate applications and
registrations. To minimize this problem, the Office is adopting
stricter time limits for filing petitions to revive or reinstate
abandoned applications and cancelled or expired registrations.
The Office is revising 2.151 to add a reference to section 71 of the
Act, which requires periodic affidavits of use or excusable nonuse to
maintain a registration based on an extension of protection of an
international registration.
The Office is revising 2.161(g)(2) and adding paragraph (g)(3),
stating that an audio or video cassette tape recording, CD-ROM, or a
specimen in another appropriate medium may be submitted in the absence
of a non-bulky specimen, and that an electronically submitted specimen
must be in .jpg format. The requirement that a specimen filed through
TEAS be a digitized image in .jpg format is consistent with the
specimen requirement in revised 2.56(d)(4).
The Office is adding a new 2.171(b), stating that when ownership of
a registration has changed with respect to some but not all of the
goods and/or services, the registrant(s) may file a request that the
registration be divided into two or more separate registrations. The
new owner(s) must pay a fee for each new separate registration created
by the division (child registration), and record the change of
ownership in the Office.
When the IB notifies the Office of the division of an international
registration resulting from a partial change of ownership of the
international registration with respect to some of the goods or
services in the registered extension of protection to the United
States, the Office will record the partial change of ownership, divide
out the assigned goods or services from the registered extension of
protection (parent registration), issue an updated certificate for the
parent registration and publish notice of the parent registration in
the Official Gazette. The Office will not issue a new certificate for
the child registration or publish notice of the child registration
until the assignee files a request to divide under 2.171(b), and
pays the required fee.
A U.S. registration based on an application under section 1 and/or
section 44 of the Act may also be divided as a result of a partial
change of ownership, if the partial change of ownership is recorded in
the Assignment Services Division and the assignee files a request to
divide under 2.171(b), with the required fee.
Comment: One comment indicated that the
"relationship" of proposed 2.17 and 10.14(b) appears to need
clarification. Another comment asked whether the Office would accept a
response in which the written authorization for the attorney was not
filed with the response.
Response: The requirement for written authorization in
2.17(b) applies only to non-lawyers. The Office is changing the
language of 2.17(b) to make this clear. It is generally not
necessary for an attorney as defined in 10.1(c) to file a power of
attorney or any other special authorization in a trademark case. Under
2.17(a) and (c), an attorney who appears in person or signs a
document on behalf of an applicant or registrant will be accepted as
the representative of the applicant or registrant. See TMEP 602.01.
Comment: One comment suggested that "written" be
inserted before "notification" in 2.19(a).
Response: The Office has adopted the suggestion.
Comment: Two comments suggested that the Office add the
requirements for a verified statement under section 66(a) to the rules,
and require that the IB send a copy of the signed verified statement
with the request for extension of protection to the United States.
Response: The Office has adopted the suggestion to add the
requirements for a verified statement in a section 66(a) application to
the rules. These requirements have been added to 2.33(e). However,
the Office will not require that the IB send a copy of the signed
verified statement with the request for extension of protection to the
The Office has provided the IB with wording for a declaration of a bona
fide intention to use the mark in commerce. The declaration will be
made part of the official IB form for international applications and
subsequent designations in which the United States is designated for an
extension of protection, and will remain as part of the international
registration on file at the IB. The wording of the declaration and
instructions for who may sign the declaration comport with the
requirements of section 66(a) of the Act and 2.33. The IB will
review the required declaration as part of the request for an extension
of protection to the United States. The IB will not certify and forward
a request for extension of protection to the United States, if: (1) The
declaration is not signed and dated; (2) there have been any changes or
modifications to the declaration; or (3) the declaration is not
presented on the official IB form.
Comment: One comment suggests that the Office add the
wording "on or in connection with the goods or services listed in the
application," to 2.34(b).
Response: The Office has adopted that suggestion.
Comment: One comment requested clarification as to whether a
priority claim for a Section 66(a) application is part of an
international registration or an additional basis for filing in the
Response: If a claim of priority is part of an international
registration and meets the requirements of 7.27, the priority claim
is part of the application under Section 66(a), not a separate filing
Comment: Three comments recommended that the Office
eliminate the requirement to petition the Director to review a
post-publication amendment of the basis under 2.35(b)(2), and
delegate the responsibility to trademark examining attorneys. Two of
the comments suggested that republication of a mark may not be
necessary in every instance.
Response: The recommendation cannot be adopted at this time.
Although routinely granted, amendments to change the basis after
publication require special manual and automated processing, including
republication of the mark.
Comment: One comment suggests that the Office permit section
66(a) applications to register on the Supplemental Register.
Response: The suggestion cannot be adopted because the Act
provides only for registration on the Principal Register. See section
68(a)(4) of the Act.
Comment: Three comments requested clarification of the term
"standard character" drawing, and asked whether a "standard
character drawing" is the equivalent of a "typed drawing" under
current practice. One of the comments also requested that the Office
delete the requirement for a statement that no claim is made to a
particular font style or size.
Response: In the United States, a "standard character
drawing" under revised 2.52(a), is the equivalent in its effect of
a "typed drawing" under current 2.52(a)(1). The requirement for
a statement that no claim is made to a particular font style, size, or
color ensures that there is no ambiguity as to whether the applicant
seeks registration of a mark in standard characters. See changes to
2.52(a) discussed above.
Comment: One comment suggested that the Office make the
requirement to name the colors and describe where they appear on the
mark optional for applications under sections 1 and 44 of the Act.
Response: The Office has not adopted this suggestion.
Applications under sections 1 and 44 of the Act are required to name
the colors and describe where the colors appear in the marks under
current 2.52. Moreover, requirements for applications under sections
1 and 44 of the Act should be consistent with the requirements for
section 66(a) applications, since they may serve as the basis for an
Comment: One comment asked whether marks with gray tones but
no claim of color will publish with gray tones or be converted to black
and white.
Response: The Office will not convert drawings that contain
gray tones to black and white drawings. Drawings with gray tones will
be processed as color drawings. If the application does not contain a
color claim, the examining attorney will inquire whether gray is a
feature of the mark. If gray is a feature of the mark, the examining
attorney will require a color claim, and the Office will publish the
mark in color. If gray is not a feature of the mark, the examining
attorney will require a black and white drawing.
Comment: Two comments opposed the requirement in 2.53
that a digitized image of a drawing be in .jpg format. The comments
suggested that the Office amend the rule to allow flexibility in
accepting other digital formats as they develop.
Response: That suggestion has not been adopted. The Office
will only accept .jpg format for digitized images at this time. The
Office is concerned about the level of stability, uniformity and
quality of images that are received and entered into the Office
database. The Office currently accepts the .jpg format and has had
success handling images in this format. Both the applicant and the
Office can be assured that a visible image is attached to the
submission because the applicant can view the image in the browser
before it is transmitted to the Office. The .jpg format is user
friendly and non-proprietary, and it is available to all potential
applicants. The Office has not foreclosed the possibility of accepting
other formats in the future, and will continue to assess image formats
that are currently available and new ones as they develop.
Comment: One comment requested information as to the
consequences of excluding the caption "Drawing Page" from the top
of a paper drawing page.
Response: The Office encourages applicants to include the
caption "Drawing Page" so that the Office can properly flag the
mark when the drawing is scanned into the database. The caption is not
mandatory, but its omission may delay processing of the application.
Comment: Six comments opposed the proposed amendment of
2.66(a), to limit the time period for filing a petition to revive to
two months from the mailing date of the notice of abandonment.
Response: The Office is withdrawing the proposal to remove
2.66(a)(2). Section 2.66(a)(2) is instead amended to change the
standard for a showing of due diligence in a petition to revive from
one year to six months as set forth in 2.146(i). Under 2.146(i),
as amended, an applicant will be considered diligent if the applicant
checks the status of the application every six months between the
filing date of the application and issuance of a registration. The
modification to 2.66(a)(2) provides recourse for applicants who are
diligent in monitoring the status of the application. However, if a
petition to revive an abandoned application that forms the basis of an
international registration is filed more than two months after the
mailing date of the notice of abandonment, it is likely that the
international registration will be cancelled. A cancelled international
registration will not be revived even if the basic application is
revived. See discussion above of changes to 2.66.
Comment: One comment asked if a concurrent use application
or registration can be the basis of an international application.
Response: An international application submitted through the
Office can be based on a concurrent use application or registration.
Comment: Three comments noted that oppositions with
insufficient fees appear to be treated differently for documents filed
electronically via ESTTA and those filed on paper; and requested that
the rules be amended to allow for uniform treatment for notices of
opposition with insufficient fees regardless of the manner in which
they are filed. One of the three comments suggested that the Office
implement a mechanism in ESTTA to ensure that all required fees are
paid as part of the electronic filing of a notice of opposition.
Response: The language of 2.101(d)(2) has been modified
to more clearly reflect the fact that a potential opposer may not
submit a notice of opposition electronically via ESTTA with an
insufficient fee, i.e., the sender will immediately receive an
electronic message that the transmission is not possible because the
fee is insufficient. To be able to transmit the electronic notice of
opposition, a potential opposer filing via ESTTA may then elect to
submit the correct fee for the number of parties and classes set forth
in the electronic notice of opposition, or delete classes and/or
parties from the electronic notice of opposition. For a paper filing
with insufficient fees, the Board will notify opposer when the
opposition is instituted and will indicate in the notification the
opposers and classes opposed, i.e., for which the required fees were
submitted. There will be no opportunity to submit additional fees for a
paper filing.
Comment: Seven comments disagreed with the proposed 120-day
limitation from the date of publication on extensions of time to oppose
an application, noting that a longer period of time is necessary to
facilitate settlement negotiations. Of these comments, four comments
recommended that the 120-day limitation on extensions of time to oppose
be extended to 180 days; one comment recommended that the 120-day
limitation on extensions of time to oppose pertain only to applications
filed under section 66(a); and one comment recommended both that the
filed under section 66(a) and that the limitation be extended to 180
Response: The Office has adopted the recommendation that
potential opposers be permitted to extend the time for filing an
opposition to up to 180 days from the date of publication. The Office
has not adopted the recommendation that this limitation pertain only to
section 66(a) applications. The Office encourages use of its electronic
systems and does not have the resources at this time to develop an
electronic opposition filing system that can handle different filing
deadlines for different types of applications. Further, different
opposition filing deadlines for different types of applications would
be difficult for the Board to handle administratively and would be
likely to confuse potential opposers. Finally, the Board will
discontinue its practice of suspending a potential opposer's time to
file a notice of opposition when a letter of protest or an amendment to
the application has been filed. However, the Board is continuing its
practice of permitting suspension of an opposition, once filed, to
facilitate and encourage settlement negotiations.
Comment: Two comments expressed concern that 2.105 is not
written clearly and could be easily misconstrued. The comments
recommended that 2.105 be rewritten to clarify to whom notification
will be sent in each instance.
Response: The section has been rewritten to parallel
2.18, as appropriate, and to clarify its intent.
Comment: Three comments noted that petitions to cancel with
insufficient fees for documents filed electronically via ESTTA are
treated differently from those filed on paper; and requested that the
rules be amended to allow for uniform treatment for petitions to cancel
with insufficient fees regardless of the manner in which they are
filed. One of the three comments suggested that the Office implement a
mechanism in ESTTA to ensure that all sufficient fees are paid as part
of the electronic filing of a petition to cancel.
Response: The language of 2.111(c)(2) has been modified
to more clearly reflect the fact that a potential cancellation
petitioner may not submit a petition to cancel electronically via ESTTA
with an insufficient fee. In addition to not being able to transmit the
petition for cancellation via ESTTA with an insufficient fee, the
sender should receive an immediate electronic message that the
transmission is not possible and the reason why transmission is not
possible. A potential cancellation petitioner filing via ESTTA must
either submit the correct fee for the numbers of parties and classes
set forth in the electronic petition to cancel, or delete classes and/
or parties from the electronic petition to cancel. If a paper filing is
submitted with insufficient fees for at least one party to petition for
cancellation against at least one class, the Board will simply return
the papers to the sender. If a paper filing is submitted with
sufficient fees for at least one party to petition for cancellation
against at least one class in the registration sought to be cancelled
but with insufficient fees for all stated parties and/or all classes,
the Board will institute the cancellation proceeding with respect to
the number of parties and classes for which fees have been submitted,
according to 2.111(b)(3), and send notification of the petition for
cancellation to the parties. The notification will list only the
parties and classes for which the required fees were submitted.
Comment: Two comments expressed concern that 2.113(a) is
not written clearly and could be easily misconstrued. The comments
recommended that 2.113(a) be rewritten to clarify to whom
notification will be sent in each instance.
2.18, as appropriate, and to clarify its intent. Sections 2.113(b), (c)
and (d) have been relabeled accordingly.
Comment: One comment pertaining to \s 2.118 recommended that
all correspondence be sent to the correspondence address of record.
Response: This recommendation has not been adopted. In
relation to 2.118, this is essentially a recommendation to send
notification of a petition to cancel to the attorney of record during
the prosecution of an application that subsequently registered and is
now the subject of a petition for cancellation, rather than sending
such notification directly to respondent. The practice under the
existing rule, and this provision has not been changed by this
regulation, is for the Office to correspond directly with the
registrant until notified otherwise by the registrant. The Office
considers the appointment of an attorney to prosecute the application
to lapse once the registration issues. The Board will send the
notification to the registrant of record in the Office at the
registrant's address of record, or if registrant is located outside the
United States and a domestic representative is of record, to the
registrant at the address of the domestic representative.
Comment: One comment recommended that 12.126(a)(4) permit
paper submissions to the Board to be bound or fastened if the contents
can be easily separated. The comment expressed concern that after
scanning, the papers will not be replaced in the file in their original
Response: This recommendation has not been adopted. All
paper submissions are scanned electronically into the Board's Trademark
Trials and Appeals Information System (TTABIS). When the papers are
scanned, the Board's scanning equipment keeps pages in their original
order throughout the scanning process. Where papers are filed with
pages simply clipped together, the scanning process has not been
adversely affected. On the other hand, removing staples or binding
prior to scanning has been difficult and time-consuming, especially
where papers have been bound by machine. Moreover, disassembling
stapled or bound papers can damage pages, resulting in misfeeds to the
scanning equipment and increasing the likelihood that pages will become
disordered during scanning.
Comment: One comment recommended, with respect to
2.127(a) regarding motions in inter partes proceedings at the Board,
that, rather than retaining discretion to consider reply briefs, the
Board should consider all reply briefs; and reduce the time for filing
a reply brief, if a reply brief is filed, from fifteen to ten days from
the date of service of a brief in response to the motion.
Response: This recommendation was not accepted. The
recommendation to consider all reply briefs, including reply briefs
that improperly address matters outside a proper response to statements
in the brief responding to the motion, would be burdensome. Therefore,
the Board will retain its discretion to consider reply briefs with
respect to motions. There is no reason stated for the recommendation to
shorten the time for filing a reply brief; and, at this time, the Board
considers the existing fifteen-day period for filing a reply brief to
be reasonable.
Comment: Four comments opposed the proposal to shorten the
due diligence standard from one year to six months in 2.146(i).
Response: The Office's electronic systems for records are
readily available over the Internet 24 hours a day, seven days a week.
Applicants and registrants have immediate and free access to
information concerning their applications and registrations. An
applicant or registrant can check the status of a pending application
or registration using the TARR (Trademark Application Registration
Retrieval) database. If the application is newly filed, applicant can
search TESS (Trademark Electronic Search System) to see if the mark was
loaded into the Office's automated database. Moreover, allegations of
use under section 1 of the Act, responses to Office actions, changes to
correspondence address and affidavits of use under section 8 of the Act
and renewal applications under section 9 of the Act can be filed
through TEAS.
In most cases, the Office will take action on filings related to a
trademark application or registration within six months of receipt of
the correspondence for which action is expected. Therefore, it is
reasonable to require applicants and registrants to check the status of
their application or registration at least twice a year until a final
outcome (that is, registration for a pending application or notice of
acceptance of an affidavit under section 8 of the Act or grant of
renewal under section 9 of the Act) is reached. By monitoring the
application or registration every six months, an applicant or
registrant can take corrective action more quickly if the Office did
not receive applicant's or registrant's correspondence or if
correspondence sent by the Office was not received.
Rule Making Requirements
Executive Order 13132: This rule making does not contain
policies with federalism implications sufficient to warrant preparation
of a Federalism Assessment under Executive Order 13132 (Aug. 4, 1999).
Executive Order 12866: This rule making has been determined not to be
Regulatory Flexibility Act: The Deputy General Counsel for General Law
of the United States Patent and Trademark Office has certified to the
Chief Counsel for Advocacy of the Small Business Administration that
the rule changes will not have a significant impact on a substantial
number of small entities (Regulatory Flexibility Act, 5 U.S.C. 605(b)).
The main purpose of the rule change is to implement legislation that
provides an additional means for filing trademark applications.
Additionally, the rules provide for some technical and other changes
that will simplify the trademark application process. Hence, the rules
merely provide all applicants for trademark registration, including
small businesses, with additional benefits.
Paperwork Reduction Act: The final rules are in conformity with the
requirements of the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (PRA) (44 U.S.C.
3501 et seq.).
nor shall a person be subject to a penalty for failure to comply with a
collection of information subject to the requirements of the PRA unless
that collection of information displays a currently valid OMB control
This final rule contains collections of information requirements
subject to the PRA. This rule adds provisions allowing parties to (1)
file applications for international trademark registration with the IB
through the Office; (2) file subsequent designations with the IB
through the Office; (3) file responses to notices of irregularities in
international applications issued by the IB through the Office; (4)
request the Office to note in its records that a registered extension
of protection of an international registration to the United States
replaces a previously issued U.S. registration; (5) file requests to
record assignments or restrictions of a holder's right to dispose of an
international registration, or the release of such a restriction, with
the IB through the Office; and (6) file a request that the Office
transform an extension of protection that was cancelled by the IB into
an application for registration in the United States under section 1 or
section 44 of the Act. Additionally, the rule sets forth requirements
for submitting an affidavit of continued use or excusable nonuse under
section 71 of the Act and discusses changes in the information required
from the public to file notices of opposition, petitions to cancel, and
requests for extensions of time to oppose.
An information collection package supporting the changes to the above
information requirements, as set forth in this rule, has been approved
by the Office of Management and Budget under 0651-0051. Previously, a
separate information package, 0651-0040, was submitted in support of
oppositions, requests for extensions of time to file oppositions, and
petitions to cancel. The public reporting burden is estimated to
average as follows: Fifteen minutes for international trademark
applications; three minutes for subsequent designations; ten minutes to
respond to notices of irregularities issued by the IB in connection
with international applications; two minutes to request that the Office
replace a United States registration with a subsequently registered
extension of protection to the United States; five minutes for a
request to record an assignment or restriction of a holder's right to
dispose of an international registration, or the release of such a
restriction; five minutes for a request that the Office transform a
cancelled extension of protection into an application for registration
under section 1 or 44 of the Act; fourteen minutes for an affidavit of
continued use or excusable nonuse under section 71 of the Act; ten
minutes to forty-five minutes for notices of opposition and petitions
to cancel, depending on the particular circumstances; and ten minutes
for requests for extensions of time to oppose. These time estimates
include the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data
sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and
reviewing the collection of information. Comments are invited on: (1)
Whether the collection of information is necessary for proper
performance of the functions of the agency, (2) the accuracy of the
agency's estimate of the burden, (3) ways to enhance the quality,
utility, and clarity of the information to be collected, and (4) ways
to minimize the burden of the collection of information to respondents.
Send comments regarding this burden estimate, or any other aspect of
this data collection, including suggestions for reducing the burden, to
the Commissioner for Trademarks, 2900 Crystal Drive, Arlington, VA
22202-3514 (Attn: Ari Leifman), and to the Office of Information and
Regulatory Affairs, OMB, 725 17th Street, NW., Washington, DC 20503
(Attn: USPTO Desk Officer).
Comment: One comment asked for an explanation for the time
estimates and stated that the time periods for filing electronically
should be increased to account for documents filed by attorneys where
the signature of an applicant or registrant must be obtained or a
specimen that must be attached to the electronic submission is not
scanned according to Office requirements prior to filing the document.
Response: The estimates given are meant to describe the
overall average of time expended by all filers. The Office recognizes
that the time parties expend in preparing submissions may vary,
depending on the particular circumstances. However, the Office is
confident that the estimates are reasonable descriptions of the average
time expended by all filers.
For the reasons given in the preamble and under the authority
contained in 35 U.S.C. 2 and 15 U.S.C. 1123, as amended, the Office is
amending part 2 and adding part 7 of title 37 as follows:
1. The authority citation for 37 CFR part 2 continues to read as
Authority: 15 U.S.C. 1123, 35 U.S.C. 2, unless otherwise noted.
2. Amend 2.2 to add new paragraphs (g) and (h) to read as follows:
2.2 Definitions.
(g) The acronym ESTTA means the Electronic System for Trademark Trials
and Appeals, available at http://www.uspto.gov.
(h) The term international application means an application for
international registration that is filed under the Protocol Relating to
the Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of
Marks.
3. Revise 2.11 to read as follows:
2.11 Representation before the Office.
Representation before the Office is governed by 10.14 of
this chapter. The Office cannot aid in the selection of an attorney.
4. Amend 2.17 by revising paragraphs (a), (b) and (c) to read
2.17 Recognition for representation.
(a) When an attorney as defined in 10.1(c) of this chapter
acting in a representative capacity appears in person or signs a
document in practice before the United States Patent and Trademark
Office in a trademark case, his or her personal appearance or signature
shall constitute a representation to the United States Patent and
Trademark Office that, under the provisions of 10.14 and the law, he
or she is authorized to represent the particular party in whose behalf
he or she acts. Further proof of authority to act in a representative
capacity may be required.
(b) Before any non-lawyer, as specified in 10.14(b) of this chapter,
will be allowed to take action of any kind with respect to an
application, registration or proceeding, a written authorization from
the applicant, registrant, party to the proceeding, or other person
entitled to prosecute such application or proceeding must be filed.
(c) To be recognized as a representative, an attorney as defined in
10.1(c) of this chapter may file a power of attorney, appear in person,
or sign a document on behalf of an applicant or registrant that is
filed with the Office in a trademark case.
2.18 Correspondence, with whom held.
(a) If documents are transmitted by an attorney, or a written
power of attorney is filed, the Office will send correspondence to the
attorney transmitting the documents, or to the attorney designated in
the power of attorney, provided that the attorney is an attorney as
defined in 10.1(c) of this chapter.
(b) The Office will not undertake double correspondence. If two or more
attorneys appear or sign a document, the Office's reply will be sent to
the address already established in the record until the applicant,
registrant or party, or its duly appointed attorney, requests in
writing that correspondence be sent to another address.
(c) If an application, registration or proceeding is not being
prosecuted by an attorney but a domestic representative has been
appointed, the Office will send correspondence to the domestic
representative, unless the applicant, registrant or party designates in
writing another correspondence address.
(d) If the application, registration or proceeding is not being
prosecuted by an attorney and no domestic representative has been
appointed, the Office will send correspondence directly to the
applicant, registrant or party, unless the applicant, registrant or
party designates in writing another correspondence address.
2.19 Revocation of power of attorney; withdrawal.
(a) Authority to represent an applicant, registrant or a party
to a proceeding may be revoked at any stage in the proceedings of a
case upon written notification to the Director; and when it is revoked,
the Office will communicate directly with the applicant, registrant or
party to the proceeding, or with the new attorney or domestic
representative if one has been appointed. The Office will notify the
person affected of the revocation of his or her authorization.
(b) If the requirements of 10.40 of this chapter are met, an
attorney authorized under 10.14 to represent an applicant,
registrant or party in a trademark case may withdraw upon application
to and approval by the Director.
7. Amend 2.21 by revising paragraph (a), introductory text, to
2.21 Requirements for receiving a filing date.
(a) The Office will grant a filing date to an application under
section 1 or section 44 of the Act that contains all of the following:
8. Amend 2.33 by revising paragraph (d)(1) and adding a new
paragraph (e) to read as follows:
2.33 Verified statement.
(d) * * *
(1) Place a symbol comprised of numbers and/or letters between two
forward slash marks in the signature block on the electronic
submission; or
(e) In an application under section 66(a) of the Act, the
verified statement is part of the international registration on file at
the International Bureau. The verified statement must allege that:
(1) The applicant/holder has a bona fide intention to use the mark in
commerce that the United States Congress can regulate on or in
connection with the goods/services identified in the international
application/subsequent designation;
(2) The signatory is properly authorized to execute this declaration on
behalf of the applicant/holder;
(3) The signatory believes the applicant/holder to be entitled to use
the mark in commerce that the United States Congress can regulate on or
in connection with the goods/services identified in the international
application/registration; and
(4) To the best of his/her knowledge and belief, no other person, firm,
corporation, association, or other legal entity has the right to use
the mark in commerce that the United States Congress can regulate,
either in the identical form thereof or in such near resemblance
thereto as to be likely, when used on or in connection with the goods/
services of such other person, firm, corporation, association, or other
legal entity, to cause confusion, or to cause mistake, or to deceive.
9. Amend 2.34 as follows:
a. By removing paragraphs (a)(1)(v), (a)(3)(iv), and (a)(4)(iv);
b. By revising paragraphs (a), introductory text, (a)(2),
(a)(4)(i)(A), and (b); and
c. By adding new paragraph (a)(5).
2.34 The revisions and addition read as follows: Bases for filing.
(a) The application must include one or more of the following
five filing bases:
(2) Intent-to-use under section 1(b) of the Act. In an
application under section 1(b) of the Act, the applicant must verify
that it has a bona fide intention to use the mark in commerce on or in
connection with the goods or services listed in the application. If the
verification is not filed with the initial application, the verified
statement must allege that the applicant had a bona fide intention to
use the mark in commerce on or in connection with the goods or services
listed in the application as of the filing date of the application.
(4) * * *
(i) * * *
(A) Specify the filing date, serial number and country of the first
regularly filed foreign application; or
(5) Extension of protection of an international registration
under section 66(a) of the Act. In an application under section 66(a)
of the Act, the international application or subsequent designation
requesting an extension of protection to the United States must contain
a signed declaration that meets the requirements of 2.33.
(b)(1) In an application under section 1 or section 44 of the Act, an
applicant may claim more than one basis, provided the applicant
satisfies all requirements for the bases claimed. However, the
applicant may not claim both sections 1(a) and 1(b) for the identical
goods or services in the same application.
(2) In an application under section 1 or section 44 of the Act, if an
applicant claims more than one basis, the applicant must list each
basis, followed by the goods or services to which that basis applies.
If some or all of the goods or services are covered by more than one
basis, this must be stated.
(3) A basis under section 66(a) of the Act cannot be combined with any
other basis.
10. Revise 2.35 to read as follows:
2.35 Adding, deleting, or substituting bases.
(a) In an application under section 66(a) of the Act, an
applicant may not add, substitute or delete a basis, unless the
applicant meets the requirements for transformation under section 70(c)
of the Act and 7.31 of this chapter.
(b) In an application under section 1 or section 44 of the Act:
(1) Before publication for opposition, an applicant may add or
substitute a basis, if the applicant meets all requirements for the new
basis, as stated in 2.34. The applicant may delete a basis at any
(2) After publication, an applicant may add or substitute a basis in an
application that is not the subject of an inter partes proceeding
before the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board, but only with the express
permission of the Director, after consideration on petition.
Republication will be required. The amendment of an application that is
the subject of an inter partes proceeding before the Board is governed
by 2.133(a).
(3) When an applicant substitutes one basis for another, the Office
will presume that there was a continuing valid basis, unless there is
contradictory evidence in the record, and the application will retain
the original filing date, including a priority filing date under
section 44(d), if appropriate.
(4) If an applicant properly claims a section 44(d) basis in addition
to another basis, the applicant will retain the priority filing date
under section 44(d) no matter which basis the applicant perfects.
(5) The applicant may add or substitute a section 44(d) basis only
within the six-month priority period following the filing date of the
foreign application.
(6) When the applicant adds or substitutes a basis, the applicant must
list each basis, followed by the goods or services to which that basis
applies.
(7) When the applicant deletes a basis, the applicant must also delete
any goods or services covered solely by the deleted basis.
(8) Once an applicant claims a section 1(b) basis as to any or all of
the goods or services, the applicant may not amend the application to
seek registration under section 1(a) of the Act for those goods or
services unless the applicant files an allegation of use under section
1(c) or section 1(d) of the Act.
2.37 Description of mark.
A description of the mark may be included in the application
and must be included if required by the trademark examining attorney.
12. Amend 2.47 by redesignating paragraphs (c) and (d) as
paragraphs (d) and (e) and adding a new paragraph (c) to read as
2.47 Supplemental Register.
(c) An application under section 66(a) of the Act is not
eligible for registration on the Supplemental Register.
2.51 Drawing required.
(a) In an application under section 1(a) of the Act, the
mark as used on or in connection with the goods and/or services.
(b) In an application under section 1(b) of the Act, the drawing of the
mark must be a substantially exact representation of the mark as
intended to be used on or in connection with the goods and/or services
specified in the application, and once an amendment to allege use under
2.76 or a statement of use under 2.88 has been filed, the drawing
of the mark must be a substantially exact representation of the mark as
used on or in connection with the goods and/or services.
(c) In an application under section 44 of the Act, the drawing of the
mark must be a substantially exact representation of the mark as it
appears in the drawing in the registration certificate of a mark duly
registered in the applicant's country of origin.
(d) In an application under section 66(a) of the Act, the drawing of
the mark must be a substantially exact representation of the mark as it
appears in the international registration.
2.52 Types of drawings and format for drawings.
A drawing depicts the mark sought to be registered. The drawing
must show only one mark. The applicant must include a clear drawing of
the mark when the application is filed. There are two types of
drawings:
(a) Standard character (typed) drawing. Applicants who seek to register
words, letters, numbers, or any combination thereof without claim to
any particular font style, size, or color must submit a standard
character drawing that shows the mark in black on a white background.
An applicant may submit a standard character drawing if:
(1) The application includes a statement that the mark is in standard
characters and no claim is made to any particular font style, size, or
color;
(2) The mark does not include a design element;
(3) All letters and words in the mark are depicted in Latin characters;
(4) All numerals in the mark are depicted in Roman or Arabic numerals;
(5) The mark includes only common punctuation or diacritical marks.
(b) Special form drawing. Applicants who seek to register a mark that
includes a two or three-dimensional design; color; and/or words,
letters, or numbers or the combination thereof in a particular font
style or size must submit a special form drawing. The drawing must show
the mark in black on a white background, unless the mark includes
(1) Color marks. If the mark includes color, the drawing must show the
mark in color, and the applicant must name the color(s), describe where
the color(s) appear on the mark, and submit a claim that the color(s)
is a feature of the mark.
(2) Three dimensional marks. If the mark has three-dimensional
features, the drawing must depict a single rendition of the mark, and
the applicant must indicate that the mark is three-dimensional.
(3) Motion marks. If the mark has motion, the drawing may depict a
single point in the movement, or the drawing may depict up to five
freeze frames showing various points in the movement, whichever best
depicts the commercial impression of the mark. The applicant must also
describe the mark.
(4) Broken lines to show placement. If necessary to adequately depict
the commercial impression of the mark, the applicant may be required to
submit a drawing that shows the placement of the mark by surrounding
the mark with a proportionately accurate broken-line representation of
the particular goods, packaging, or advertising on which the mark
appears. The applicant must also use broken lines to show any other
matter not claimed as part of the mark. For any drawing using broken
lines to indicate placement of the mark, or matter not claimed as part
of the mark, the applicant must describe the mark and explain the
purpose of the broken lines.
(5) Description of mark. If a drawing cannot adequately depict all
significant features of the mark, the applicant must also describe the
(c) TEAS drawings. A drawing filed through TEAS must meet the
requirements of 2.53.
(d) Paper drawings. A paper drawing must meet the requirements of
(e) Sound, scent, and non-visual marks. An applicant is not required to
submit a drawing if the mark consists only of a sound, a scent, or
other completely non-visual matter. For these types of marks, the
applicant must submit a detailed description of the mark.
15. Add 2.53 to read as follows:
2.53 Requirements for drawings filed through the TEAS.
The drawing must meet the requirements of 2.52. In addition,
in a TEAS submission, the drawing must meet the following requirements:
(a) Standard character drawings: If an applicant is filing a standard
character drawing, the applicant must enter the mark in the appropriate
field or attach a digitized image of the mark to the TEAS submission
that meets the requirements of paragraph (c) of this section.
(b) Special form drawings: If an applicant is filing a special form
drawing, the applicant must attach a digitized image of the mark to the
TEAS submission that meets the requirements of paragraph (c) of this
(c) Requirements for digitized image: The image must be in .jpg format
and scanned at no less than 300 dots per inch and no more than 350 dots
per inch with a length and width of no less than 250 pixels and no more
than 944 pixels. All lines must be clean, sharp and solid, not fine or
crowded, and produce a high quality image when copied.
2.54 Requirements for drawings submitted on paper.
in a paper submission, the drawing should:
(a) Be on non-shiny white paper that is separate from the application;
(b) Be on paper that is 8 to 8.5 inches (20.3 to 21.6 cm.) wide and 11
to 11.69 inches (27.9 to 29.7 cm.) long. One of the shorter sides of
the sheet should be regarded as its top edge. The image must be no
larger than 3.15 inches (8 cm) high by 3.15 inches (8 cm) wide;
(c) Include the caption "DRAWING PAGE" at the top of the drawing
beginning one inch (2.5 cm.) from the top edge; and
(d) Depict the mark in black ink, or in color if color is claimed as a
feature of the mark.
(e) Drawings must be typed or made with a pen or by a process that will
provide high definition when copied. A photolithographic, printer's
proof copy, or other high quality reproduction of the mark may be used.
All lines must be clean, sharp and solid, and must not be fine or
crowded.
17. Amend 2.56 by revising paragraph (d)(4) to read as
2.56 Specimens.
(4) For a TEAS submission, the specimen must be a digitized image in
.jpg format.
18. Amend 2.65 by revising paragraph (a) to read as follows:
2.65 Abandonment.
(a) If an applicant fails to respond, or to respond completely,
within six months after the date an action is mailed, the application
shall be deemed abandoned unless the refusal or requirement is
expressly limited to only certain goods and/or services. If the refusal
services, the application will be abandoned only as to those particular
goods and/or services. A timely petition to the Director pursuant to
2.63(b) and 2.146, if appropriate, is a response that avoids
abandonment of an application.
19. Amend 2.66 by revising paragraph (a)(2) to read asfollows:
2.66 Revival of abandoned applications.
(a) * * *
(2) Within two months of actual knowledge of the abandonment, if the
applicant did not receive the notice of abandonment, and the applicant
was diligent in checking the status of the application every six months
in accordance with 2.146(i).
2.73 Amendment to recite concurrent use.
(a) An application under section 1(a), section 44, or section
66(a) of the Act may be amended to an application for concurrent use
registration, provided the application as amended satisfies the
requirements of 2.42. The trademark examining attorney will
determine whether the application, as amended, is acceptable.
21. Amend 2.75 by adding a new paragraph (c) to read as follows:
2.75 Amendment to change application to different register.
(c) In an application under section 66(a) of the Act, the
applicant may not amend the application to the Supplemental Register.
2.84 Jurisdiction over published applications.
(a) The trademark examining attorney may exercise jurisdiction
over an application up to the date the mark is published in the
Official Gazette. After publication of an application under section
1(a), 44 or 66(a) of the Act, the trademark examining attorney may,
with the permission of the Director, exercise jurisdiction over the
application. After publication of an application under section 1(b) of
the Act, the trademark examining attorney may exercise jurisdiction
over the application after the issuance of the notice of allowance
under section 13(b)(2) of the Act. After publication, and prior to
issuance of a notice of allowance in an application under section 1(b),
the trademark examining attorney may, with the permission of the
Director, exercise jurisdiction over the application.
(b) After publication, but before the certificate of registration in an
application under section 1(a), 44 or 66(a) of the Act is printed, or
before the notice of allowance in an application under section 1(b) of
the Act is printed, an application that is not the subject of an inter
partes proceeding before the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board may be
amended if the amendment does not necessitate republication of the mark
or issuance of an Office action. Otherwise, an amendment to such an
application may be submitted only upon petition to the Director to
restore jurisdiction over the application to the trademark examining
attorney for consideration of the amendment and further examination.
The amendment of an application that is the subject of an inter partes
proceeding before the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board is governed by
2.133.
23. Amend 2.88 by revising paragraph (i)(3) to read as follows:
2.88 Filing statement of use after notice of allowance
(3) The statement of use may be accompanied by a separate request to
amend the identification of goods or services in the application, as
stated in the notice of allowance, in accordance with 2.71(a).
24. Revise 2.101 to read as follows:
2.101 Filing an opposition.
(a) An opposition proceeding is commenced by filing a timely
opposition, together with the required fee, in the Office.
(b) Any person who believes that he, she or it would be damaged by the
registration of a mark on the Principal Register may file an opposition
addressed to the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board. The opposition need
not be verified, but must be signed by the opposer or the opposer's
attorney, as specified in 10.1(c) of this chapter, or other
authorized representative, as specified in 10.14(b) of this chapter.
Electronic signatures pursuant to 2.193(c)(1)(iii) are required for
oppositions submitted electronically under paragraphs (b)(1) or (2) of
this section.
(1) An opposition to an application based on section 1 or 44 of the Act
must be filed either on paper or through ESTTA.
(2) An opposition to an application based on section 66(a) of the Act
must be filed through ESTTA.
(c) The opposition must be filed within thirty days after publication
( 2.80) of the application being opposed or within an extension of
time ( 2.102) for filing an opposition.
(d)(1) The opposition must be accompanied by the required fee for each
party joined as opposer for each class in the application for which
registration is opposed (see 2.6).
(2) An otherwise timely opposition will not be accepted via ESTTA
unless the opposition is accompanied by a fee that is sufficient to pay
in full for each named party opposer to oppose the registration of a
mark in each class specified in the opposition.
(3) If an otherwise timely opposition is submitted on paper, the
following is applicable if less than all required fees are submitted:
(i) If the opposition is accompanied by no fee or a fee insufficient to
pay for one person to oppose the registration of a mark in at least one
class, the opposition will be refused.
(ii) If the opposition is accompanied by fees sufficient to pay for one
person to oppose registration in at least one class, but fees are
insufficient to oppose registration in all the classes in the
application, and the particular class or classes against which the
opposition is filed is not specified, the opposition will be presumed
to be against the class or classes in ascending numerical order,
including only the number of classes in the application for which
sufficient fees have been submitted.
(iii) If persons are joined as party opposers, each must submit a fee
for each class for which opposition is sought. If the fees submitted
are sufficient to pay for one person to oppose registration in at least
one class, but are insufficient for each named party opposer, the
first-named party will be presumed to be the party opposer. Additional
parties will be deemed to be party opposers only to the extent that the
fees submitted are sufficient to pay the fee due for each party
opposer. If persons are joined as party opposers against a multiple
class application, the fees submitted are insufficient, and no
specification of opposers and classes is made at the time the party is
joined, the fees submitted will be applied first on behalf of the
first-named opposer against as many of the classes in the application
as the submitted fees are sufficient to pay. Any excess will be applied
on behalf of the second-named party to the opposition against the
classes in the application in ascending numerical order.
(4) The filing date of an opposition is the date of receipt in the
Office of the opposition together with the required fee.
2.102 Extension of time for filing an opposition.
(a) Any person who believes that he, she or it would be damaged
by the registration of a mark on the Principal Register may file in the
Office a written request, addressed to the Trademark Trial and Appeal
Board, to extend the time for filing an opposition. The written request
need not be verified, but must be signed by the potential opposer or by
the potential opposer's attorney, as specified in 10.1(c) of this
chapter, or authorized representative, as specified in 10.14(b) of
this chapter. Electronic signatures pursuant to 2.193(c)(1)(iii) are
required for electronically filed extension requests.
(1) A written request to extend the time for filing an opposition to an
application filed under section 1 or 44 of the Act must be filed either
on paper or through ESTTA.
application filed under section 66(a) of the Act must be filed through
ESTTA.
(b) A written request to extend the time for filing an opposition must
identify the potential opposer with reasonable certainty. Any
opposition filed during an extension of time should be in the name of
the person to whom the extension was granted. An opposition may be
accepted if the person in whose name the extension was requested was
misidentified through mistake or if the opposition is filed in the name
of a person in privity with the person who requested and was granted
the extension of time.
(c) The time for filing an opposition shall not be extended beyond 180
days from the date of publication. Any request to extend the time for
filing an opposition must be filed before thirty days have expired from
the date of publication or before the expiration of a previously
granted extension of time, as appropriate. Requests to extend the time
for filing an opposition must be filed as follows:
(1) A person may file a first request for either a thirty-day extension
of time, which will be granted upon request, or a ninety-day extension
of time, which will be granted only for good cause shown.
(2) If a person was granted a thirty-day extension of time, that person
may file a request for an additional sixty-day extension of time, which
will be granted only for good cause shown.
(3) After receiving one or two extensions of time totaling ninety days,
a person may file one final request for an extension of time for an
additional sixty days. The Board will grant this request only upon
written consent or stipulation signed by the applicant or its
authorized representative, or a written request by the potential
opposer or its authorized representative stating that the applicant or
its authorized representative has consented to the request, or a
showing of extraordinary circumstances. No further extensions of time
to file an opposition will be granted under any circumstances.
26. Revise 2.104(a) to read as follows:
2.104 Contents of opposition.
(a) The opposition must set forth a short and plain statement
showing why the opposer believes he, she or it would be damaged by the
registration of the opposed mark and state the grounds for opposition.
2.105 Notification to parties of opposition proceeding(s).
(a) When an opposition in proper form has been filed and the
correct fee has been submitted, the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board
shall prepare a notification, which shall identify the title and number
of the proceeding and the application involved and shall designate a
time, not less than thirty days from the mailing date of the
notification, within which an answer must be filed.
(b) The Board shall forward a copy of the notification to opposer, as
(1) If the opposition is transmitted by an attorney, or a written power
of attorney is filed, the Board will send the notification to the
attorney transmitting the opposition or to the attorney designated in
the power of attorney, provided that the person is an "attorney" as
(2) If opposer is not represented by an attorney in the opposition, but
opposer has appointed a domestic representative, the Board will send
the notification to the domestic representative, unless opposer
designates in writing another correspondence address.
(3) If opposer is not represented by an attorney in the opposition, and
no domestic representative has been appointed, the Board will send the
notification directly to opposer, unless opposer designates in writing
another correspondence address.
(c) The Board shall forward a copy of the opposition and any exhibits
with a copy of the notification to applicant, as follows:
(1) If the opposed application contains a clear indication that the
application is being prosecuted by an attorney, as defined in
10.1(c) of this chapter, the Board shall send the documents described
in this section to applicant's attorney.
(2) If the opposed application is not being prosecuted by an attorney
but a domestic representative has been appointed, the Board will send
the documents described in this section to the domestic representative,
unless applicant designates in writing another correspondence address.
(3) If the opposed application is not being prosecuted by an attorney,
and no domestic representative has been appointed, the Board will send
the documents described in this section directly to applicant, unless
applicant designates in writing another correspondence address.
2.107 Amendment of pleadings in an opposition proceeding.
(a) Pleadings in an opposition proceeding against an
application filed under section 1 or 44 of the Act may be amended in
the same manner and to the same extent as in a civil action in a United
States district court, except that, after the close of the time period
for filing an opposition including any extension of time for filing an
opposition, an opposition may not be amended to add to the goods or
services opposed.
(b) Pleadings in an opposition proceeding against an application filed
under section 66(a) of the Act may be amended in the same manner and to
the same extent as in a civil action in a United States district court,
except that, once filed, the opposition may not be amended to add to
the grounds for opposition or to add to the goods or services subject
to opposition.
2.111 Filing petition for cancellation.
(a) A cancellation proceeding is commenced by the filing of a
timely petition for cancellation, together with the required fee, in
the Office.
(b) Any person who believes that he, she or it is or will be damaged by
a registration may file a petition, addressed to the Trademark Trial
and Appeal Board, for cancellation of the registration in whole or in
part. The petition for cancellation need not be verified, but must be
signed by the petitioner or the petitioner's attorney, as specified in
10.1(c) of this chapter, or other authorized representative, as
specified in 10.14(b) of this chapter. Electronic signatures
pursuant to 2.193(c)(1)(iii) are required for petitions submitted
electronically via ESTTA. The petition for cancellation may be filed at
any time in the case of registrations on the Supplemental Register or
under the Act of 1920, or registrations under the Act of 1881 or the
Act of 1905 which have not been published under section 12(c) of the
Act, or on any ground specified in section 14(3) or (5) of the Act. In
all other cases, the petition for cancellation and the required fee
must be filed within five years from the date of registration of the
mark under the Act or from the date of publication under section 12(c)
of the Act.
(c)(1) The petition for cancellation must be accompanied by the
required fee for each party joined as petitioner for each class in the
registration for which cancellation is sought (see 2.6).
(2) An otherwise timely petition for cancellation will not be accepted
via ESTTA unless the petition for cancellation is accompanied by a fee
that is sufficient to pay in full for each named party petitioner to
petition for cancellation of the registration of a mark in each class
specified in the petition for cancellation.
(3) If an otherwise timely petition for cancellation is submitted on
paper, the following is applicable if less than all required fees are
(i) If the petition for cancellation is accompanied by no fee or a fee
insufficient to pay for one person to petition for cancellation against
at least one class in the registration, the petition for cancellation
will be refused.
(ii) If the petition for cancellation is accompanied by fees sufficient
to pay for one person to petition for cancellation against at least one
class in the registration, but fees are insufficient for a petition for
cancellation against all the classes in the registration, and the
particular class or classes against which the petition for cancellation
is filed is not specified, the petition for cancellation will be
presumed to be against the class or classes in ascending numerical
order, including only the number of classes in the registration for
which sufficient fees have been submitted.
(iii) If persons are joined as party petitioners, each must submit a
fee for each class for which cancellation is sought. If the fees
submitted are sufficient to pay for one person to petition for
cancellation of the registration in at least one class but are
insufficient for each named party petitioner, the first-named party
will be presumed to be the party petitioner. Additional parties will be
deemed to be party petitioners only to the extent that the fees
submitted are sufficient to pay the fee due for each party petitioner.
If persons are joined as party petitioners against a multiple class
registration, the fees submitted are insufficient, and no specification
of parties and classes is made at the time the party is joined, the
fees submitted will be applied first on behalf of the first-named
petitioner against as many of the classes in the registration as the
submitted fees are sufficient to pay. Any excess will be applied on
behalf of the second-named party to the cancellation against the
classes in the registration in ascending numerical order.
(4) The filing date of a petition for cancellation is the date of
receipt in the Office of the petition for cancellation together with
the required fee.
2.112 Contents of petition for cancellation.
(a) The petition for cancellation must set forth a short and
plain statement showing why the petitioner believes he, she or it is or
will be damaged by the registration, state the ground for cancellation,
and indicate, to the best of petitioner's knowledge, the name and
address of the current owner of the registration.
(b) When appropriate, petitions for cancellation of different
registrations owned by the same party may be joined in a consolidated
petition for cancellation. The required fee must be included for each
party joined as a petitioner for each class sought to be cancelled in
each registration against which the petition for cancellation is filed.
2.113 Notification to parties of cancellation proceeding.
(a) When a petition for cancellation has been filed in proper
form (see 2.111 and 2.112), the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board
shall prepare a notification which shall identify the title and number
of the proceeding and the registration(s) involved and shall designate
a time, not less than thirty days from the mailing date of the
(b) The Board shall forward a copy of the notification to petitioner,
(1) If the petition for cancellation is transmitted by an attorney, or
a written power of attorney is filed, the Board will send the
notification to the attorney transmitting the petition for cancellation
or to the attorney designated in the power of attorney, provided that
person is an "attorney" as defined in 10.1(c) of this chapter.
(2) If petitioner is not represented by an attorney in the cancellation
proceeding, but petitioner has appointed a domestic representative, the
Board will send the notification to the domestic representative, unless
petitioner designates in writing another correspondence address.
proceeding, and no domestic representative has been appointed, the
Board will send the notification directly to petitioner, unless
(c) The Board shall forward a copy of the petition for cancellation and
any exhibits with a copy of the notification to the respondent (see
2.118). The respondent shall be the party shown by the records of the
Office to be the current owner of the registration(s) sought to be
cancelled, except that the Board, in its discretion, may join or
substitute as respondent a party who makes a showing of a current
ownership interest in such registration(s).
(d) When the party alleged by the petitioner, pursuant to 2.112(a),
as the current owner of the registration(s) is not the record owner, a
courtesy copy of the petition for cancellation shall be forwarded with
a copy of the notification to the alleged current owner. The alleged
current owner may file a motion to be joined or substituted as
respondent.
(e) If the petition for cancellation is found to be defective as to
form, the party filing the petition for cancellation shall be advised
and allowed reasonable time for correcting the informality.
2.118 Undelivered Office notices.
When a notice sent by the Office to any registrant is returned
to the Office undelivered, additional notice may be given by
publication in the Official Gazette for the period of time prescribed
by the Director.
33. Amend 2.121 by revising paragraph (d) to read as follows:
2.121 Assignment of times for taking testimony.
(d) When parties stipulate to the rescheduling of testimony
periods or to the rescheduling of the closing date for discovery and
the rescheduling of testimony periods, a stipulation presented in the
form used in a trial order, signed by the parties, or a motion in said
form signed by one party and including a statement that every other
party has agreed thereto, shall be submitted to the Board.
34. Amend 2.123 by revising paragraph (g)(1) to read as follows:
2.123 Trial testimony in inter partes cases.
(g) Form of deposition. (1) The pages of each deposition must
be numbered consecutively, and the name of the witness plainly and
conspicuously written at the top of each page. A deposition must be in
written form. The questions propounded to each witness must be
consecutively numbered unless the pages have numbered lines. Each
question must be followed by its answer.
35. Add new 2.126 to read as follows:
2.126 Form of submissions to the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board.
(a) Submissions may be made to the Trademark Trial and Appeal
Board on paper where Board practice or the rules in this part permit. A
paper submission, including exhibits and depositions, must meet the
following requirements:
(1) A paper submission must be printed in at least 11-point type and
double-spaced, with text on one side only of each sheet;
(2) A paper submission must be 8 to 8.5 inches (20.3 to 21.6 cm.) wide
and 11 to 11.69 inches (27.9 to 29.7 cm.) long, and contain no tabs or
other such devices extending beyond the edges of the paper;
(3) If a paper submission contains dividers, the dividers must not have
any extruding tabs or other devices, and must be on the same size and
weight paper as the submission;
(4) A paper submission must not be stapled or bound;
(5) All pages of a paper submission must be numbered and exhibits shall
be identified in the manner prescribed in 2.123(g)(2);
(6) Exhibits pertaining to a paper submission must be filed on paper or
CD-ROM concurrently with the paper submission, and comply with the
requirements for a paper or CD-ROM submission.
(b) Submissions may be made to the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board on
CD-ROM where the rules in this part or Board practice permit. A CD- ROM
submission must identify the parties and case number and contain a list
that clearly identifies the documents and exhibits contained thereon.
This information must appear in the data contained in the CD- ROM
itself, on a label affixed to the CD-ROM, and on the packaging for the
CD-ROM. Text in a CD-ROM submission must be in at least 11-point type
and double-spaced. A brief filed on CD-ROM must be accompanied by a
single paper copy of the brief. A CD-ROM submission must be accompanied
by a transmittal letter on paper that identifies the parties, the case
number and the contents of the CD-ROM.
(c) Submissions may be made to the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board
electronically via the Internet where the rules in this part or Board
practice permit, according to the parameters established by the Board
and published on the Web site of the Office. Text in an electronic
submission must be in at least 11-point type and double-spaced.
Exhibits pertaining to an electronic submission must be made
electronically as an attachment to the submission.
(d) To be handled as confidential, submissions to the Trademark Trial
and Appeal Board that are confidential in whole or part pursuant to \s
2.125(e) must be submitted under a separate cover. Both the submission
and its cover must be marked confidential and must identify the case
number and the parties. A copy of the submission with the confidential
portions redacted must be submitted.
36. Amend 2.127 by revising paragraph (a) to read as follows:
2.127 Motions.
(a) Every motion must be submitted in written form and must
meet the requirements prescribed in 2.126. It shall contain a full
statement of the grounds, and shall embody or be accompanied by a
brief. Except as provided in paragraph (e)(1) of this section, a brief
in response to a motion shall be filed within fifteen days from the
date of service of the motion unless another time is specified by the
Trademark Trial and Appeal Board, or the time is extended by
stipulation of the parties approved by the Board, or upon motion
granted by the Board, or upon order of the Board. If a motion for an
extension is denied, the time for responding to the motion remains as
specified under this section, unless otherwise ordered. The Board may,
in its discretion, consider a reply brief. Except as provided in
paragraph (e)(1) of this section, a reply brief, if filed, shall be
filed within fifteen days from the date of service of the brief in
response to the motion. The time for filing a reply brief will not be
extended. No further papers in support of or in opposition to a motion
will be considered by the Board. The brief in support of a motion and
the brief in response to the motion shall not exceed twenty-five pages
in length, and a reply brief shall not exceed ten pages in length.
Exhibits submitted in support of or in opposition to a motion shall not
be deemed to be part of the brief for purposes of determining the
length of the brief. When a party fails to file a brief in response to
a motion, the Board may treat the motion as conceded. An oral hearing
will not be held on a motion except on order by the Board.
37. Amend 2.128 by revising paragraph (b) to read as follows:
2.128 Briefs at final hearing.
(b) Briefs must be submitted in written form and must meet the
requirements prescribed in 2.126. Each brief shall contain an
alphabetical index of cited cases. Without prior leave of the Trademark
Trial and Appeal Board, a main brief on the case shall not exceed
fifty-five pages in length in its entirety, including the table of
contents, index of cases, description of the record, statement of the
issues, recitation of the facts, argument, and summary; and a reply
brief shall not exceed twenty-five pages in its entirety.
2.130 New matter suggested by the trademark examining attorney.
If, while an inter partes proceeding involving an application
under section 1 or 44 of the Act is pending, facts appear which, in the
opinion of the trademark examining attorney, render the mark in the
application unregistrable, the facts should be called to the attention
of the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board. The Board may suspend the
proceeding and refer the application to the trademark examining
attorney for an ex parte determination of the question of
registrability. A copy of the trademark examining attorney's final
action will be furnished to the parties to the inter partes proceeding
following the final determination of registrability by the trademark
examining attorney or the Board on appeal. The Board will consider the
application for such further inter partes action as may be appropriate.
2.131 Remand after decision in inter partes proceeding.
If, during an inter partes proceeding involving an application
under section 1 or 44 of the Act, facts are disclosed which appear to
render the mark unregistrable, but such matter has not been tried under
the pleadings as filed by the parties or as they might be deemed to be
amended under Rule 15(b) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure to
conform to the evidence, the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board, in lieu
of determining the matter in the decision on the proceeding, may remand
the application to the trademark examining attorney for reexamination
in the event the applicant ultimately prevails in the inter partes
proceeding. Upon remand, the trademark examining attorney shall
reexamine the application in light of the reference by the Board. If,
upon reexamination, the trademark examining attorney finally refuses
registration to the applicant, an appeal may be taken as provided by
2.141 and 2.142.
40. Amend 2.142 by revising paragraphs (a) and (b)(2) to read
2.142 Time and manner of ex parte appeals.
(a) Any appeal filed under the provisions of 2.141 must be
filed within six months from the date of the final refusal or the date
of the action from which the appeal is taken. An appeal is taken by
filing a notice of appeal in written form, as prescribed in 2.126,
and paying the appeal fee.
(b) * * *
(2) Briefs must be submitted in written form and must meet the
Trial and Appeal Board, a brief shall not exceed twenty-five pages in
length in its entirety, including the table of contents, index of
cases, description of the record, statement of the issues, recitation
of the facts, argument, and summary.
41. Amend 2.145 by revising paragraphs (b)(3), (c)(3) and
(c)(4) to read as follows:
2.145 Appeal to court and civil action.
(3) Notices of appeal directed to the Director shall be mailed to or
served by hand on the General Counsel, according to part 104 of this
chapter, with a duplicate copy mailed or served by hand on the
(c) * * *
(3) Any adverse party to an appeal taken to the U.S. Court of Appeals
for the Federal Circuit by a defeated party in an inter partes
proceeding may file a notice with the Office, addressed to the Office
of the General Counsel, according to part 104 of this chapter, within
twenty days after the filing of the defeated party's notice of appeal
to the court (paragraph (b) of this section), electing to have all
further proceedings conducted as provided in section 21(b) of the Act.
The notice of election must be served as provided in 2.119.
(4) In order to avoid premature termination of a proceeding, a party
who commences a civil action, pursuant to section 21(b) of the Act,
must file written notice thereof at the Trademark Trial and Appeal
42. Amend 2.146 by revising paragraphs (c) and (i) to read as follows:
2.146 Petitions to the Director.
(c) Every petition to the Director shall include a statement of
the facts relevant to the petition, the points to be reviewed, the
action or relief that is requested, and the fee required by 2.6. Any
brief in support of the petition shall be embodied in or accompany the
petition. When facts are to be proved in ex parte cases, proof in the
form of affidavits or declarations in accordance with 2.20, and any
exhibits, shall accompany the petition.
(i) Where a petitioner seeks to reactivate an application or
registration that was abandoned, cancelled or expired because papers
were lost or mishandled, the Director may deny the petition if the
petitioner was not diligent in checking the status of the application
or registration. To be considered diligent, a petitioner must:
(1) During the pendency of an application, check the status of the
application every six months between the filing date of the application
and issuance of a registration;
(2) After registration, check the status of the registration every six
months from the filing of an affidavit of use or excusable nonuse under
section 8 or 71 of the Act, or a renewal application under section 9 of
the Act, until the petitioner receives notice that the affidavit or
renewal application has been accepted; and
(3) If the status check reveals that the Office has not received a
document filed by the petitioner, or that the Office has issued an
action or notice that the petitioner has not received, the petitioner
must promptly request corrective action.
2.151 Certificate.
When the Office determines that a mark is registrable, the
Office will issue a certificate stating that the applicant is entitled
to registration on the Principal Register or on the Supplemental
Register. The certificate will state the application filing date, the
act under which the mark is registered, the date of issue, and the
number of the registration. A reproduction of the mark and pertinent
data from the application will be sent with the certificate. A notice
of the requirements of sections 8 and 71 of the Act will accompany the
44. Amend 2.161 by revising paragraph (g)(2) and adding a new
paragraph (g)(3) to read as follows:
2.161 Requirements for a complete affidavit or declaration of
(g) * * *
(2) Be flat and no larger than 8.5 inches (21.6 cm.) wide by 11.69
inches (29.7 cm.) long. If a specimen exceeds these size requirements
(a "bulky specimen"), the Office will create a facsimile of the
specimen that meets the requirements of the rule (i.e., is flat and no
larger than 8.5 inches (21.6 cm.) wide by 11.69 inches (29.7 cm.) long)
and put it in the record. In the absence of non-bulky alternatives, the
Office may accept an audio or video cassette tape recording, CD-ROM, or
a specimen in another appropriate medium.
(3) Be a digitized image in .jpg format, if transmitted through TEAS.
2.171 New certificate on change of ownership.
(a) If the ownership of a registered mark changes, the assignee
may request that a new certificate of registration be issued in the
name of the assignee for the unexpired part of the original period. The
assignment must be recorded in the Office, and the request for the new
certificate must be signed by the assignee and accompanied by the fee
required by 2.6(a)(8). If available, the original certificate of
registration must be submitted.
(b) When ownership of a registration has changed with respect to some,
but not all, of the goods and/or services, the registrant(s) may file a
request that the registration be divided into two or more separate
registrations. The fee required by 2.6(a)(8) must be paid for each
new registration created by the division, and the change of ownership
must be recorded in the Office.
1. Add a new part 7:
PART 7 - RULES OF PRACTICE IN FILINGS PURSUANT TO THE
REGISTRATION OF MARKS
Subpart A - General Information
7.1 Definitions of terms as used in this part.
7.2 [Reserved]
7.3 Correspondence must be in English.
7.4 Receipt of correspondence.
7.6 Schedule of U.S. process fees.
7.7 Payments of fees to International Bureau.
Subpart B - International Application Originating From The United States
7.11 Requirements for international application originating from the
7.12 Claim of color.
7.13 Certification of international application.
7.14 Correcting irregularities in international application.
Subpart C - Subsequent Designation Submitted Through the Office
7.21 Subsequent designation.
Subpart D - Recording Changes to International Registration
7.22 Recording changes to international registration.
7.23 Requests for recording assignments at the International Bureau.
7.24 Requests to record security interest or other restriction of holder's
rights of disposal or release of such restriction submitted through the
Subpart E - Extension of Protection to the United States
7.25 Sections of part 2 applicable to extension of protection.
7.26 Filing date of extension of protection for purposes of examination in
7.27 Priority claim of extension of protection for purposes of examination
in the Office.
7.28 Replacement of U.S. registration by registered extension of
7.29 Effect of replacement on U.S. registration.
7.30 Effect of cancellation or expiration of international registration.
7.31 Requirements for transformation of an extension of protection to the
United States into a U.S. application.
Subpart F - Affidavit Under Section 71 of the Act forExtension of
Protection to the United States
7.36 Affidavit or declaration of use in commerce or excusable nonuse
required to avoid cancellation of an extension of protection to the
7.37 Requirements for a complete affidavit or declaration of use in
commerce or excusable nonuse.
7.38 Notice to holder of extension of protection.
7.39 Acknowledgment of receipt of affidavit or declaration of use in
7.40 Petition to Director to review refusal.
Subpart G - Renewal of International Registration and Extension of
7.41 Renewal of international registration and extension of protection.
(a) the Act means the Trademark Act of 1946, 60 Stat. 427, as
amended, codified in 15 U.S.C. 1051 et seq.
(b) Subsequent designation means a request for extension of protection
of an international registration to a Contracting Party made after the
International Bureau registers the mark.
(c) The acronym TEAS means the Trademark Electronic Application System
available on-line through the Office's Web site at: http://www.uspto.gov.
(d) The term Office means the United States Patent and Trademark
(e) All references to sections in this part refer to 37 Code of Federal
Regulations, except as otherwise stated.
International applications and registrations, requests for
extension of protection and all other related correspondence with the
Office must be in English. The Office will not process correspondence
that is in a language other than English.
Correspondence relating to international applications and
registrations and requests for extension of protection submitted
through TEAS will be accorded the date and time on which the complete
transmission is received in the Office based on Eastern Time. Eastern
Time means eastern standard time or eastern daylight time, as
(a) The Office requires the following process fees:
(1) For certifying an international application based on a single basic
application or registration, per class - $100.00
(2) For certifying an international application based on more than one
basic application or registration, per class - $150.00
(3) For transmitting a subsequent designation under 7.21 - $100.00
(4) For transmitting a request to record an assignment or restriction,
or release of a restriction, under 7.23 or 7.24 - $100.00
(5) For filing a notice of replacement under 7.28, per
class - $100.00
(6) For filing an affidavit under 71 of the Act, per class - $100.00
(7) Surcharge for filing an affidavit under 71 of the Act during the
grace period, per class - $100.00
(b) The fees required in paragraph (a) of this section must be paid in
U.S. dollars at the time of submission of the requested action. See
2.207 of this chapter for acceptable forms of payment and 2.208 of
this chapter for payments using a deposit account established in the
(a) The following fees may be paid either directly to the
International Bureau or through the Office:
(1) International application fees;
(2) Subsequent designation fees; and
(3) Recording fee for an assignment of an international registration
under 7.23.
(b) The fees in paragraph (a) of this section may be paid as follows:
(1)(i) Directly to the International Bureau by debit to a current
account with the International Bureau. In this case, an applicant or
holder's submission to the Office must include the International Bureau
account number; or
(ii) Directly to the International Bureau using any other acceptable
method of payment. In this case, an applicant or holder's submission to
the Office must include the International Bureau receipt number for
payment of the fees; or
(2) Through the Office. Fees paid through the Office must be paid in
U.S. dollars at the time of submission. See 2.207 of this chapter
for acceptable forms of payment and 2.208 of this chapter for
payments using a deposit account established in the Office.
(c) The International Bureau fee calculator may be viewed on the Web
site of the World Intellectual Property Organization, currently
available at: http://www.wipo.int/madrid/en/.
7.11 Requirements for international application originating
from the United States.
(a) The Office will grant a date of receipt to an international
application that is submitted through TEAS and contains all of the
(1) The filing date and serial number of the basic application and/or
the registration date and registration number of the basic
registration;
(2) The name of the international applicant that is identical to the
name of the applicant or registrant as it appears in the basic
application or basic registration and applicant's current address;
(3) A reproduction of the mark that is the same as the mark in the
basic application and/or registration and meets the requirements of
2.52 of this chapter. If the mark in the basic application and/or
registration is depicted in black and white and the basic application
or registration does not include a color claim, the reproduction of the
mark in the international application must be black and white. If the
mark in the basic application or registration is depicted in black and
white and includes a color claim, the international application must
include both a black and white reproduction of the mark and a color
reproduction of the mark. If the mark in the basic application and/or
registration is depicted in color, the reproduction of the mark in the
international application must be in color;
(4) A color claim as set out in 7.12, if appropriate;
(5) A description of the mark that is the same as the description of
the mark in the basic application or registration, as appropriate;
(6) An indication of the type of mark if the mark in the basic
application and/or registration is a three-dimensional mark, a sound
mark, a collective mark or a certification mark;
(7) A list of the goods and/or services that is identical to or
narrower than the list of goods and/or services in each claimed basic
application or registration and classified according to the Nice
Agreement Concerning the International Classification of Goods and
Services for the Purposes of the Registration of Marks;
(8) A list of the designated Contracting Parties. If the goods and/or
services in the international application are not the same for each
designated Contracting Party, the application must list the goods and/
or services in the international application that pertain to each
designated Contracting Party;
(9) The certification fee required by 7.6, the international
application fees for all classes, and the fees for all designated
Contracting Parties identified in the international application (see
7.7);
(10) A statement that the applicant is entitled to file an
international application in the Office, specifying that applicant: Is
a national of the United States; has a domicile in the United States;
or has a real and effective industrial or commercial establishment in
the United States. Where an applicant's address is not in the United
States, the applicant must provide the address of its U.S. domicile or
establishment; and
(11) An e-mail address for receipt of correspondence from the Office.
(b) For requirements for certification, see 7.13.
(a) If color is claimed as a feature of the mark in the basic
application and/or registration, the international application must
include a statement that color is claimed as a feature of the mark and
set forth the same name(s) of the color(s) claimed in the basic
application and/or registration.
(b) If color is not claimed as a feature of the mark in the basic
application and/or registration, color may not be claimed as a feature
of the mark in the international application.
(a) When an international application contains all the elements
set forth in 7.11(a), the Office will certify to the International
Bureau that the information contained in the international application
corresponds to the information contained in the basic application(s)
and/or basic registration(s) at the time of certification, and will
then forward the international application to the International Bureau.
(b) When an international application does not meet the requirements of
7.11(a), the Office will not certify or forward the international
application. If the international applicant paid the international
application fees (see 7.7) through the Office, the Office will
refund the international fees. The Office will not refund the
certification fee.
(a) Response period. Upon receipt of a notice of irregularities
in an international application from the International Bureau, the
applicant must respond to the International Bureau within the period
set forth in the notice.
(b) Classification and Identification of Goods and Services. Responses
to International Bureau notices of irregularities in the classification
or identification of goods or services in an international application
must be submitted through the Office for forwarding to the
International Bureau. The Office will review an applicant's response to
a notice of irregularities in the identification of goods or services
to ensure that the response does not identify goods or services that
are broader than the scope of the goods or services in the basic
(c) Fees. If the International Bureau notice of irregularities requires
the payment of fees, the fees for correcting irregularities in the
international application must be paid directly to the International
Bureau.
(d) Other Irregularities Requiring Response from Applicant. Except for
responses to irregularities mentioned in paragraph (b) of this section
and payment of fees for correcting irregularities mentioned in
paragraph (c) of this section, all other responses may be submitted
through the Office in accordance with 7.14(e), or filed directly at
the International Bureau. The Office will forward timely responses to
the International Bureau, but will not review the responses or respond
to any irregularities on behalf of the international applicant.
(e) Procedure for response. An international applicant submitting a
response to the International Bureau through the Office must use TEAS.
To be considered timely, a response must be received by the
International Bureau before the end of the response period set forth in
the International Bureau notice. Receipt in the Office does not fulfill
this requirement. Any response submitted through the Office for
forwarding to the International Bureau should be submitted as soon as
possible, but at least one month before the end of the response period
in the International Bureau's notice. The Office will not process any
(a) A subsequent designation may be filed directly with the
International Bureau, or, if it meets the requirements of paragraph (b)
of this section, submitted through the Office.
(b) The date of receipt in the Office of a subsequent designation is
the date that the subsequent designation is submitted through TEAS, if
it contains all of the following:
(1) The international registration number;
(2) The serial number of the U.S. application or registration number of
the U.S. registration that formed the basis of the international
(3) The name and address of the holder of the international
(4) A statement that the holder is entitled to file a subsequent
designation in the Office, specifying that holder: Is a national of the
United States; has a domicile in the United States; or has a real and
Where a holder's address is not in the United States, the holder must
provide the address of its U.S. domicile or establishment;
(5) A list of goods and/or services that is identical to or narrower
than the list of goods and/or services in the international
services in the subsequent designation are not the same for each
designated Contracting Party, the holder must list the goods and/or
services covered by the subsequent designation that pertain to each
(7) The U.S. transmittal fee required by 7.6 and the subsequent
designation fees (see 7.7); and
(8) An e-mail address for receipt of correspondence from the Office.
(c) If the subsequent designation is accorded a date of receipt, the
Office will then forward the subsequent designation to the
International Bureau.
(d) If the subsequent designation fails to contain all the elements set
forth in paragraph (b) of this section, the Office will not forward the
subsequent designation to the International Bureau. The Office will
notify the holder of the reason(s). If the holder paid the subsequent
designation fees (see 7.7) through the Office, the Office will
refund the subsequent designation fees. The Office will not refund the
transmittal fee.
(e) Correspondence to correct any irregularities in a subsequent
designation must be made directly with the International Bureau.
Except as provided in 7.23 and 7.24, requests to record
changes to an international registration must be filed with the
International Bureau. If a request to record an assignment or
restriction of a holder's right of disposal of an international
registration or the release of such a restriction meets the
requirements of 7.23 or 7.24, the Office will forward the request to
the International Bureau. Section 10 of the Act and part 3 of this
chapter are not applicable to assignments or restrictions of
international registrations.
A request to record an assignment of an international
registration may be submitted through the Office for forwarding to the
International Bureau only if the assignee cannot obtain the assignor's
signature for the request to record the assignment.
(a) A request to record an assignment submitted through the Office must
include all of the following:
(3) The name and address of the assignee of the international
(4) A statement that the assignee: Is a national of the United States;
has a domicile in the United States; or has a real and effective
industrial or commercial establishment in the United States. Where an
assignee's address is not in the United States, the assignee must
(5) A statement that the assignee could not obtain the assignor's
signature for the request to record the assignment;
(6) An indication that the assignment applies to the designation to the
(7) A statement that the assignment applies to all the goods and/or
services in the international registration, or if less, a list of the
goods and/or services in the international registration that have been
assigned that pertain to the designation to the United States; and
(8) The U.S. transmittal fee required by 7.6 and the international
fee required to record the assignment (see 7.7).
(b) If a request to record an assignment contains all the elements set
forth in paragraph (a) of this section, the Office will forward the
request to the International Bureau. Forwarding the request to the
International Bureau is not a determination by the Office of the
validity of the assignment or the effect that the assignment has on the
title of the international registration.
(c) If the request fails to contain all the elements set forth in
paragraph (a) of this section, the Office will not forward the request
to the International Bureau. The Office will notify the assignee(s) of
the reason(s). If the assignee paid the fees to record the assignment
(see 7.7) through the Office, the Office will refund the recording
fee. The Office will not refund the transmittal fee.
(d) Correspondence to correct any irregularities in a request to record
an assignment must be made directly with the International Bureau.
7.24 Requests to record security interest or other restriction
of holder's rights of disposal or release of such restriction submitted
through the Office.
(a) A party who obtained a security interest or other
restriction of a holder's right to dispose of an international
registration, or the release of such a restriction, may submit a
request to record the restriction or release through the Office for
forwarding to the International Bureau only if:
(1) The restriction or release:
(i) Is the result of a court order; or
(ii) Is the result of an agreement between the holder of the
international registration and the party restricting the holder's right
of disposal, and the signature of the holder cannot be obtained for the
request to record the restriction or release;
(2) The party who obtained the restriction is a national of, is
domiciled in, or has a real and effective industrial or commercial
establishment in the United States; and
(3) The restriction or release applies to the holder's right to dispose
of the international registration in the United States.
(b) A request to record a restriction or the release of a restriction
must be submitted by the party who obtained the restriction of the
holder's right of disposal and include all the following:
(3) The name and address of the party who obtained the restriction;
(4) A statement that the party who submitted the request: Is a national
of the United States; has a domicile in the United States; or has a
States. Where a party's address is not in the United States, the party
must provide the address of its U.S. domicile or establishment;
(5) (i) A statement that the restriction is the result of a court
order, or
(ii) Where the restriction is the result of an agreement between the
holder of the international registration and the party restricting the
holder's right of disposal, a statement that the signature of the
holder of the international registration could not be obtained for the
request to record the restriction or release of the restriction;
(6) A summary of the main facts concerning the restriction;
(7) An indication that the restriction, or the release of the
restriction, of the holder's right of disposal of the international
registration applies to the designation to the United States; and
(8) The U.S. transmittal fee required by 7.6.
(c) If a request to record a restriction, or the release of a
restriction, contains all the elements set forth in paragraph (b) of
this section, the Office will forward the request to the International
Bureau. Forwarding the request to the International Bureau is not a
determination by the Office of the validity of the restriction, or its
release, or the effect that the restriction has on the holder's right
to dispose of the international registration.
(d) If the request fails to contain all the elements set forth in
paragraph (b) of this section, the Office will not forward the request.
The Office will notify the party who submitted the request of the
reason(s). The Office will not refund the transmittal fee.
(e) Correspondence to correct any irregularities in a request to record
a restriction of a holder's right to dispose of an international
registration or the release of such a restriction must be made directly
with the International Bureau.
(a) Except for 2.130-2.131, 2.160-2.166, 2.168, 2.172,
2.173, 2.175, and 2.181-2.186, all sections in part 2 and all sections
of part 10 of this chapter apply to a request for extension of
protection of an international registration to the United States,
including sections related to proceedings before the Trademark Trial
and Appeal Board, unless stated otherwise.
(b) The Office will refer to a request for an extension of protection
to the United States as an application under section 66(a) of the Act,
and references to applications and registrations in part 2 of this
chapter include extensions of protection to the United States.
(c) Upon registration in the United States under section 69 of the Act,
an extension of protection to the United States is referred to as a
registration, a registered extension of protection, or a section 66(a)
7.26 Filing date of extension of protection for purposes of
examination in the Office.
(a) If a request for extension of protection of an
international registration to the United States is made in an
international application and the request includes a declaration of a
bona fide intention to use the mark in commerce as set out in
2.33(e) of this chapter, the filing date of the extension of protection
to the United States is the international registration date.
(b) If a request for extension of protection of an international
registration to the United States is made in a subsequent designation
and the request includes a declaration of a bona fide intention to use
the mark in commerce as set out in 2.33(e), the filing date of the
extension of protection to the United States is the date that the
International Bureau records the subsequent designation.
7.27 Priority claim of extension of protection for purposes of
An extension of protection of an international registration to
the United States is entitled to a claim of priority under section 67
of the Act if:
(a) The request for extension of protection contains a claim of
priority;
(b) The request for extension of protection specifies the filing date,
serial number and the country of the application that forms the basis
for the claim of priority; and
(c) The date of the international registration or the date of recording
of the subsequent designation at the International Bureau of the
request for extension of protection to the United States is not later
than six months after the filing date of the application that forms the
basis for the claim of priority.
7.28 Replacement of U.S. registration by registered extension
of protection.
(a) A registered extension of protection affords the same
rights as those afforded to a previously issued U.S. registration if:
(1) Both registrations are owned by the same person and identify the
same mark; and
(2) All the goods and/or services listed in the U.S. registration are
also listed in the registered extension of protection.
(b) The holder of an international registration with a registered
extension of protection to the United States that meets the
requirements of paragraph (a) of this section may file a request to
note replacement of the U.S. registration with the extension of
protection. If the request contains all of the following, the Office
will take note of the replacement in its automated records:
(1) The serial number or registration number of the extension of
protection;
(2) The registration number of the replaced U.S. registration; and
(3) The fee required by 7.6.
(c) If the request to note replacement is denied, the Office will
notify the holder of the reason(s) for refusal.
A U.S. registration that has been replaced by a registered
extension of protection under section 74 of the Act and 7.28 will
remain in force, unless cancelled, expired or surrendered, as long as:
(a) The owner of the replaced U.S. registration continues to file
affidavits or declarations of use in commerce or excusable nonuse under
section 8 of the Act; and
(b) The replaced U.S. registration is renewed under section 9 of the
7.30 Effect of cancellation or expiration of international
When the International Bureau notifies the Office of the
cancellation or expiration of an international registration, in whole
or in part, the Office shall cancel, in whole or in part, the
corresponding pending or registered extension of protection to the
United States. The date of cancellation of an extension of protection
or relevant part shall be the date of cancellation or expiration of the
corresponding international registration or relevant part.
7.31 Requirements for transformation of an extension of
protection to the United States into a U.S. application.
If the International Bureau cancels an international
registration in whole or in part, under Article 6(4) of the Madrid
Protocol, the holder of that international registration may file a
request to transform the corresponding pending or registered extension
of protection to the United States into an application under section 1
or 44 of the Act.
(a) The holder of the international registration must file a request
for transformation through TEAS within three months of the date of
cancellation of the international registration and include:
protection to the United States;
(3) The application filing fee for at least one class of goods or
services required by 2.6(a)(1) of this chapter; and
(b) If the request for transformation contains all the elements set
forth in paragraph (a) of this section, the extension of protection
shall be transformed into an application under section 1 and/or 44 of
the Act and accorded the same filing date and the same priority that
was accorded to the extension of protection.
(c) The application under section 1 and/or 44 of the Act that results
from a transformed extension of protection will be examined under part
2 of this chapter.
(d) A request for transformation that fails to contain all the elements
set forth in paragraph (a) of this section will not be accepted.
Subpart F - Affidavit Under Section 71 of the Act for Extension of
7.36 Affidavit or declaration of use in commerce or excusable
nonuse required to avoid cancellation of an extension of protection to
(a) Subject to the provisions of section 71 of the Act, a
registered extension of protection shall remain in force for the term
of the international registration upon which it is based unless the
international registration expires or is cancelled under section 70 of
the Act due to cancellation of the international registration by the
(b) During the following time periods, the holder of an international
registration must file an affidavit or declaration of use or excusable
nonuse, or the registered extension of protection will be cancelled
under section 71 of the Act:
(1) On or after the fifth anniversary and no later than the sixth
anniversary after the date of registration in the United States; and
(2) Within the six-month period preceding the end of each ten-year
period after the date of registration in the United States, or the
three-month grace period immediately following, with payment of the
grace period surcharge required by section 71(a)(2)(B) of the Act and
7.37 Requirements for a complete affidavit or declaration of
use in commerce or excusable nonuse.
A complete affidavit or declaration under section 71 of the Act must:
(a) Be filed by the holder of the international registration within the
period set forth in 7.36(b);
(b) Include a statement that is signed and verified (sworn to) or
supported by a declaration under 2.20 of this chapter by a person
properly authorized to sign on behalf of the holder, attesting to the
use in commerce or excusable nonuse of the mark within the period set
forth in section 71 of the Act. The verified statement must be executed
on or after the beginning of the filing period specified in 7.36(b).
A person who is properly authorized to sign on behalf of the holder is:
(1) A person with legal authority to bind the holder; or
(2) A person with firsthand knowledge of the facts and actual or
implied authority to act on behalf of the holder; or
(3) An attorney as defined in 10.1(c) of this chapter who has an
actual written or verbal power of attorney or an implied power of
attorney from the holder.
(c) Include the U.S. registration number;
(d)(1) Include the fee required by 7.6 for each class of goods or
services that the affidavit or declaration covers;
(2) If the affidavit or declaration is filed during the grace period
under section 71(a)(2)(B) of the Act, include the grace period
surcharge per class required by 7.6;
(3) If at least one fee is submitted for a multi-class registration,
but the class(es) to which the fee(s) should be applied are not
specified, the Office will issue a notice requiring either the
submission of additional fee(s) or an indication of the class(es) to
which the original fee(s) should be applied. If the required fee(s) are
not submitted within the time period set out in the Office action and
the class(es) to which the original fee(s) should be applied are not
specified, the Office will presume that the fee(s) cover the classes in
ascending order, beginning with the lowest numbered class;
(e)(1) Specify the goods or services for which the mark is in use in
commerce, and/or the goods or services for which excusable nonuse is
claimed under 7.37(f)(2);
(2) Specify the goods or services being deleted from the registration,
if the affidavit or declaration covers less than all the goods or
services or less than all the classes in the registration;
(f)(1) State that the registered mark is in use in commerce on or in
connection with the goods or services in the registration; or
(2) If the registered mark is not in use in commerce on or in
connection with all the goods or services in the registration, set
forth the date when use of the mark in commerce stopped and the
approximate date when use is expected to resume and recite facts to
show that nonuse as to those goods or services is due to special
circumstances that excuse the nonuse and is not due to an intention to
abandon the mark; and
(g) Include a specimen showing current use of the mark for each class
7.37(f)(2). The specimen must meet the requirements of 2.56 of this
chapter.
The registration certificate for an extension of protection to
the United States includes a notice of the requirement for filing the
affidavit or declaration of use or excusable nonuse under section 71 of
the Act. However, the affidavit or declaration must be filed within the
time period required by section 71 of the Act regardless of whether
this notice is received.
7.39 Acknowledgment of receipt of affidavit or declaration of
(a) The Office will issue a notice that states an affidavit or
declaration of use in commerce or excusable nonuse is acceptable or if
the affidavit or declaration is refused, an Office action that states
the reason(s) for refusal.
(b) A Response to a refusal under paragraph (a) of this section must be
filed within six months of the mailing date of the Office action, or
before the end of the filing period set forth in section 71(a) of the
Act, whichever is later. The Office will cancel the extension of
protection if no response is filed within this time period.
(a) A response to the examiner's initial refusal to accept an
affidavit or declaration is required before filing a petition to the
Director, unless the examiner directs otherwise. See 7.39(b) for the
deadline for responding to an examiner's Office action.
(b) If the examiner maintains the refusal of the affidavit or
declaration, the holder may file a petition to the Director to review
the examiner's action. The petition must be filed within six months of
the mailing date of the action maintaining the refusal, or the Office
will cancel the registration.
(c) A decision by the Director is necessary before filing an appeal or
commencing a civil action in any court.
7.41 Renewal of international registration and extension of
(a) Any request to renew an international registration and its
extension of protection to the United States must be made at the
International Bureau in accordance with Article 7 of the Madrid
Protocol.
(b) A request to renew an international registration or extension of
protection to the United States submitted through the Office will not
be processed.
September 10, 2003 JAMES E. ROGAN
Under Secretary of Commerce for
Intellectual Property and
Director of the United States Patent and
Trademark Office
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$7 for access to a new investing tool that can be truly life changing. It was for this member, who goes by "stlbeerman"
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NFLX Message Board
NFLX is rated 3.25 on average by 8 ValueForum.com member(s) [ on a scale of (Strong Buy) 1.00 - 5.00 (Strong Sell) ] in the stock ratings area. The latest rating update was made on Dec. 8 2017, 4:44 PM ET. As a private members-only community, the NFLX message board discussions and further stock rating information, including commentary by the 8 member(s) entering the ratings, is available to ValueForum members only.
NETFLIX INC (NASD: NFLX)
4:00 p.m. - 339.67 Change
181 Day's Volume
7,228 Book Value
1.5344 Day's Range
337.38 - 341.57 Prev Close
339.67 Open
341 52 Wk Range
2.78 PE
122.18 Div/Shr
437.83M Market Cap.
148.72B
CAGR - Chart the growth of a $10K investment in NFLX
NFLX Message Board | ValueForum
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Get Spongebob Off the Air sign now
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It has come to my attention that "Spongebob Squarepants" is becoming overrated and very popular. As of 2001, it reigns supreme as one of the most popular cartoons of all time. Other modern cartoons like "The Simpsons" are declining in popularity due to this Nicktoon. There is merchandising of Spongebob Squarepants almost anywhere you look, and Spongebob's voice has started to become annoying.
This petition's goal is to have "Spongebob Squarepants" end its series. Reruns may be probable, but no new episodes would be produced anymore. Some shows will still remain popular after their cancellation, and Spongebob is very likely to remain popular if it is canceled soon enough.
"Spongebob Squarepants" has had a good run so far, and this should be done before the show begins to go downhill and start having cheap episodes that the fans of the show will dislike, a trend that many shows have suffered during their waning years.
All good things come to an end, and it is about time for that sponge that lives in a pineapple under the sea.
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Local Campaigns
LOCAL MPs TAKE ACTION ON A6 CONGESTION
Friday, 22 March, 2019
At a specially-arranged meeting, Macclesfield MP, David Rutley, joined Will Wragg MP, the Member of Parliament for neighbouring Hazel Grove, to discuss actions to help address problems facing local residents in Disley village in Cheshire East, and High Lane village in Stockport, with increased traffic and congestion following the opening of the A555 Manchester Airport Relief Road.
Both Disley and High Lane are experiencing significantly higher levels of traffic on the A6 and on local roads than before the opening of the A555. Residents have raised concerns about the congestion particularly acute during the morning and evening commutes and their strong concerns about the impact of increased vehicle movements on air quality, already a problem in Disley which is an Air Quality Management Area and along the A6 corridor.
David and Will agreed to follow up on agreed actions with Cheshire East Council and with Stockport Metropolitan Borough Council, calling for effective and regular monitoring of air quality and traffic counts, and reviews of traffic light sequencing at key junctions, particularly at the Norbury Hollow and the Windlehurst Road junctions. David also continues to work with local elected councillors in Disley, in support of plans and funding for further mitigation measures for Disley village.
Speaking after the meeting, David said, "Residents in Disley village continue to experience significantly increased traffic levels, with clear concerns about air quality. It is vital that local councils take steps to more effectively monitor these concerns, so that the appropriate actions can be taken. I will continue to work with Disley Parish Council, Cheshire East Council and local MPs, to help to find solutions to the current concerns of local residents."
William added, "Residents in High Lane have been afflicted by congestion and poor air quality for many years. There are steps that the Councils can take to improve the situation and we are keen to work with all agencies to find a solution to this."
Northern Rail to be stripped of Rail Franchise.
Thursday, 2 January, 2020
The Government has announced its intention to strip Northern Rail of their rail franchise due to its unacceptably poor service.
Written Questions News
William Wragg MP working for the people of Hazel Grove Constituency
Promoted and published by Natalie Fenton on behalf of William Wragg. Both at 119b Church Lane, Marple, Stockport, SK6 7AY.
Copyright 2020 William Wragg MP working for the people of Hazel Grove Constituency. All rights reserved.
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