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Butanedioic acid, sulfo-, 4-C16-18 (even numbered)-alkyl esters, disodium salts
Currently viewing: S-01 | Summary001 Key | Experimental result002 Key | Read-across (Structural analogue / surrogate)
Daphnia 48-h EC50: 2.6 mg/L
2.6 mg/L
In the Klimisch 1 GLP study from Kimmel (2013) the acute toxicity of Sulfosuccinic (FA C16-18/18:1)E, Na/NH4 on Daphnia magna was determined in an 48 hour static test according to OECD 202 and EU method C.2. The test was performed with concentrations of control and 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5.0 and 10 mg/L, The measured concentrations of test item in the test media of the biologically relevant test concentrations of 2.5 to 10 mg/L were between 82 and 87% of the nominal values at the start of the test and between 62 and 66% at the end of the test. Thus, the correct dosage of the test item was confirmed. The test item concentration declined in the test media over the test period of 48 hours. The biological results were related to the mean measured test item concentrations calculated as the geometric means of the concentrations measured at the start and end of the test, i.e. 1.8, 3.7 and 7.4 mg/L for nominal 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/L respectively. Four replicates with 5 daphnids each were set up. After 48 hours 0, 0, 0, 0, 100 and 100 % immobilization was observed in the control and at test concentrations of nominal ontrol and 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5.0 and 10 mg/L, respectively. The data were evaluated based on mean measured concentrations. The EC50 is 2.6 mg/L.
Read across is made from CAS 147993-66 -6 (source) to the substance related to CAS 90268-39-6 (target). Both substances have a similar C-chain distribution but CAS 147993-66-6 has a higher content of unsaturated C18 (C18´) when compared to the substance related to CAS 90268-39-6. For this sulfosuccinates group, higher degree of unsaturation was associated with higher ecotoxicity of CAS 147993-66-6. CAS 147993-66-6 is the substance showing highest ecotoxicity in the monoester group. For the sake of being conservative read across is made from the more unsaturated substance (CAS 147993-66-6) to the more saturated substance (substance related to 90268-39-6). Since the read across is considered to be conservative, assessment factors are not needed.
The results are considered relevant and reliable for the risk assessment.
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Call 1300 253 065 Contact Us
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Kat’s New Job has Ignited New Passions
I enjoy the feeling I get when I successfully help someone achieve what they have come to us for. And it’s not just people who use our services – I like being able to assist and support my team as well.
For Kat, the security and confidence that came from accepting a traineeship with MercyCare has been life-changing.
Having spent six years looking for work, the traineeship led to a full-time position, which in turn empowered Kat to regain her full independence. When asked about the impact the traineeship has made on her life, Kat answered in no uncertain terms: ‘It has literally changed my life. I entered the traineeship uncertain of what to expect. But now, a year later, I am confident in my job, in my team and in life in general’.
Inspired by her team, ‘I work with role models, who consistently inspire and motivate me to do and be better,’ Kat is driven to hold the MercyCare mission and values to a high standard, motivated by a genuine passion for the work she does. Over time she has developed a real passion for everything they do and a drive to contribute to the purpose of MercyCare in every way she can.
Passions ignited and thriving in her role today, it wasn’t always an easy journey for Kat. When she became visually impaired, she started avoiding everyday things like using a computer, reading a book, and visiting shopping malls. It was, therefore, a daunting prospect for her to re-enter the workforce with the uncertainty of starting again. Although it was hard at times, as Kat explains, it was a challenge she will never regret:
‘All I can say to anybody pursuing new employment is take the risk. I did it and I am now happily working and supporting myself. It is such a rewarding feeling.’
Our role in supporting Kat in her development has been important. Her Job Coordinator, supervisor and managers have all contributed to her continuous learning and given her the confidence to master new assistive technology and apply new skills. In Kat’s view, it’s been a collaborative effort where everyone has had the kindness to make time to demonstrate the work and support her to do her best work.
Probably the greatest learning for Kat has been her new-found inspiration for helping people, and with this comes the joy of belonging to a community she loves:
‘I enjoy the feeling I get when I successfully help someone achieve what they have come to us for. And it’s not just people who use our services – I like being able to assist and support my team as well.’
While work is Kat’s focus, as we chatted with her more, it became clear there are other passions in her life in the form of the creative and performing arts. A lover of reading, writing and singing, in particular, Kat loves to tell stories. Relatable and personal stories told through literature and music.
Kat’s personal story is a testament to the power of diversity. MercyCare’s commitment to growing and developing their employees is a great example of how this mindset can impact individual lives as well as the organisation as a whole. By understanding Kat’s specific needs and encouraging her unique talents and skills, MercyCare have both changed a life, and nurtured a driven, passionate and compassionate employee.
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Locate EditFast Editors in San Francisco
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EditFast Editors, Proofreaders, Copy editors and Writers in San Francisco.
Tired of scouring the Internet trying to find that perfect editor from San Francisco who will help you with your writing project? You're in luck because EditFast has found the best editors, proofreaders, and writers from San Francisco and recruited them to save you all the time of looking! Just scroll below and read about the San Francisco EditFast editor(s) whose service is only a click away!
You can rest assured that only the best proofreaders, editors, and writers work for EditFast. Each San Francisco editor has had to take a series of demanding language tests and submitted his or her resume and references for examination. Those San Francisco editors who are accepted then edit for a period under the supervision of another qualified editor who double-edits all of the new member's editing projects to ensure accuracy. This is at no additional cost to you-it's just EditFast's way of guaranteeing the high quality we expect of all of our members.
Want to see for yourself? Ask for the help of one of the best editors, proofreaders, and writers to be found on the Internet by clicking on the page of your chosen San Francisco editor and asking for your free estimate!
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1. Tanya-8285, San Francisco, California, United States
High-quality copy editing and proofreading done by an experienced professional. Excellent work done on schedule. Experienced working under deadline pressure. Skilled communicator, able to meet your needs on any project. Work with Chicago Manual of Style 15th edition and AP handbook. Areas of expertise: grammar, punctuation, formatting, flow and content.
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My experience and education make me an editor, but my grammar and punctuation obsession makes me accurate and efficient.
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Online portfolio includes work experience as copy editor, copy writer and proofreader in publishing, advertising and marketing industries.
4. Vanessa-22327, San Francisco, California, United States
This meticulous editor has a degree in English from one of the top three universities in the United States. Given this background and her four years of experience as a grant writer with a national non-profit organization, she specializes in editing grant proposals, non-profit case statements and academic writing.
5. Tracy-39068, San Francisco, California, United States
Conscientious English Editor
6. Carly-59460, San Francisco, California, United States
With over ten years experience editing, both formally and informally, the freelancer specialized in scientific journal editing but has experience with newspaper
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Professional philosopher and college instructor seeks work editing and proofreading work. Attention to detail is my business.
8. Sara-4794, San Francisco, California, United States
Eagle-eyed Proofreader/Copy Editor with experience working with Interior Design, Home Furnishings and Music-related text.
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I enjoy helping writers bring their best voice forward. I specialize in working with ESL writers and in making your words meaningful in any context.
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Document Editing, Proofreading, Copywriting, More
Technical & Literary Editor
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Anton Lander's rookie season with Edmonton Oilers was higher in expectations than performance
2011-12 Edmonton Oilers in Review: Anton Lander
Anton Lander hockey card
When departing coach Tom Renney said in his classy farewell to Edmonton this week that “I believe I coached with tomorrow in mind as opposed to today and that might have hurt me,” he may well have had Anton Lander in mind.
Lander’s 2011-12 season can perhaps be most positively viewed as an investment in the future. When the 20-year-old Swede arrived in Edmonton, few envisioned him as cracking the opening night line-up, let alone being a regular for the first two-thirds of the season. Ultimately Lander’s first year in North America saw him pile up his first 56 NHL games with the Oilers, then 28 more (including 14 post-season games) with Oklahoma City. He and the Barons were finally eliminated last night in the AHL’s Western Conference Finals.
Before his NHL apprenticeship, Lander had already compiled an impressive resume in his native Sweden. He cracked the Eliteserien at 16, playing four seasons and nearly 200 professional games with Timra Red Eagles with almost 100 more international matches wearing the blue and gold of Tre Kronor. Lauded since early days for his leadership skills, Anton showed steady improvement in his offensive production, posting an NHL 82-game equivalent of 14-20-34 his last season.
To say that offence didn’t translate to North America would be an understatement. Lander’s two goals and six points were disappointing, and his AHL totals of just 3-6-9 in those 28 games don’t fill one with hope that he will ever score at something approaching a top-six level in the NHL.
Of course there is opportunity and then there is opportunity. While he switched at times from his natural centre to wing, Lander rarely rose above fourth-line status. His two most common linemates by far were light-scoring Lennart Petrell and banger Ben Eager. He played as many minutes (55) with Darcy Hordichuk as he did with Jordan Eberle, Taylor Hall, and Ryan Nugent-Hopkins combined. He got a semi-regular turn on the penalty-kill but next to nothing on the powerplay. In short, he was given Colin Fraser’s old role and he produced like Colin Fraser.
The Oilers’ deployment of their three young Swedes was something of a puzzle all season. I would have given very long odds against the scenario that unfolded by mid-season, of Lander being the lone NHL survivor while both Magnus Paajarvi and Linus Omark cooled their heels in OKC. In pre-season they had played together on the Tre Kronor line, showing “great and immediate chemistry” in their first game. The Timra combo of Lander and Paajarvi did get an hour and a half of ice time together, during which time Lander’s Corsi percentage of .541 was far higher than with any other semi-regular linemate. Meanwhile, he got barely a minute and a half with Omark, during which time the Oilers fired five shots toward the opposition goal compared to just one against. The tiniest of sample sizes, obviously, but that fact by itself screams the question, why weren’t the Swedes given more time together? I didn’t get it at the time, and still don’t.
QualComp and QualTeam metrics from behindthenet.ca all confirm that Lander played with and against fourth-liners, as he was typically clustered with Petrell, Eager and Hordichuk near the bottom of each category. By stats there was no one category where he stood out: 12th among forwards in games played, 12th in shots on goal, 12th in hits, 12th in blocked shots … His 43.3% in the faceoff circle, while higher than figures posted by recent Oiler rookies like Andrew Cogliano, Sam Gagner, and Ryan Nugent-Hopkins, suggests another area under construction. He posted modestly decent results on the penalty kill, where he often teamed up with Petrell on the third forward duo behind Belanger/Jones and Horcoff/Smyth.
By eye Lander is an all-ice player with an aptitude for the transition game in both directions. While not a banger per se, he has a strong competitive streak and doesn’t mind getting his nose dirty. He seems especially comfortable battling along the boards and working the puck out from there.
As with many young players, the watchword is “patience”. While Anton Lander has a long way to go, he made an important step in 2011-12. Given his track record of year-over-year development, his skill set as a support player, and his reputation for character and leadership, he remains an important prospect for the Oilers.
– Lennart Petrell was a good gamble for Oilers, but he never really paid off
Anton Lander at the Cult of Hockey
– RNH activated from IR, Lander sent to OKC
– Sure, Oilers should trade Hemsky, Gagner, & replace them with … magic beans?
– Top prospects mid-season report card
– What do the Oilers need to do to develop like Detroit?
– The fourth line has been dominated
– Can Lander seize the day? Season preview
– Lander #2 behind RNH in Corey Pronman’s top ten Oilers prospects
– Lander lands in Edmonton
The highlight of Anton Lander’s first NHL season was likely this superb goal against Columbus Blue Jackets, one of just two he scored.
Despite flashes, Teemu Hartikainen didn't force the Edmonton Oilers' hand in... Anton Lander's rookie season with Edmonton Oilers was higher in expectations...
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Tag Archives: Garland
Announcements: births, deaths, marriages, etc, Biography, Family Stories, New Information, Photos
HISTORIC TINTYPE of RHODA MAY-JAMES
August 26, 2010 Eric F. James
Rhoda May-James
RHODA MAY (1806-1889) is the stalwart spouse of the “talented, but erratic” Rev. Joseph Martin James (1791-1848).
Rhoda withstood all transgressions, indignities, & social ostracism that her husband created with admirable Teutonic stoicism.
When acute alcoholism took Joe’s life at age fifty-seven, Rhoda became a forty-two year old widow, left alone to raise nine children.
For the next forty-one years of her life, Rhoda May James resolutely carried the social burden of her husband’s disgrace. She watched as the Civil War divided her children and tore apart her family. She never remarried.
Home of Rhoda May & Joseph Martin James, built circa 1854
Thanks to Gwen Smith-Gershwin, who is a fourth great granddaughter of Rev. Joseph Martin James & Martha McAlister, Joe’s first wife, this tintype image of Rhoda May now can be appreciated.
The original tintype was handed down in the family through Rhoda Alice Owens-Cole-Dowell, Rhoda May’s granddaughter & namesake.
Rhoda May
Prior to the contribution of this tintype image to The James Preservation Trust, the only known image of Rhoda May was a framed oval colored photograph. This colored image still hangs in the home of Nelva Anne Herrin, a great granddaughter of Joe Martin & Rhoda May James. Nelva Anne’s contemporary home, built by her father Lem Garland Herrin, sits opposite the decayed ruin of the home built & occupied by her great grandparents Joseph Allen Herrin & Susan Harriet James on the original settlement lands of John M. James at Shopville in Pulaski County, Kentucky. Susan Harriet James is a daughter of Joe Martin James & Rhoda May.
SOME CHILDREN OF RHODA MAY-JAMES
Edward Perry James & his family. Namesake Rhoda May James sitting at her father's knee.
EDWARD PERRY JAMES (1847-1931) was only a year old when his father died. He grew up in his father’s stone house in Shopville, married Elizabeth Langford, & raised a family of nine children in the same house. His youngest child, he named Rhoda May James, after his beloved mother. Progressively selling off his land holdings in Shopville, he removed his family to a new home he built in Berea, Kentucky, where he died.
Susan Harriet James-Herrin
SUSAN HARRIET JAMES (1843-1920) was five years old when Joseph Martin James died. She was thirty years old when she married Joseph Allen Herrin, a Union veteran of the Civil War.
In a diary Herrin kept during the war, he noted the wounding of Susan Harriet’s brother, Andrew James.
Home of Susan Harriet James & Allen Custer Herrin
Herrin was returned from the war for almost a decade, when he and Susan Harriet married in the home of Rhoda May.
On the land of Susan Harriet’s grandfather, John M. James, in Shopville, the couple built themselves a new home. The home remained occupied by her descendants until about 1947, when the couple’s grandson, Lem Garland Herrin, built his bride, Thelma Hayes, a new home directly opposite the lane of the old home.
Mary Harriet James-Owens
MARY HARRIET JAMES (1842-1935), nicknamed Mary Jane, was age ten when her father died. Left alone with Rhoda May to defend the family home during the Battle of Mill Springs, she successfully retained hold of the single horse they owned against marauding soldiers, by claiming half her family fought on one side while the other half fought on the other. Shortly after the war, she married Union veteran Daniel J. Owens, who had been imprisoned during the conflict. She was mother to ten children. At age ninety, she flew in an airplane for the first time. Flying over five states, she sang “Glory, Glory Halleluiah” and exited the airplane singing “Nearer My God to Thee.”
Rev. Martin Nall James
Rev. MARTIN NALL JAMES (1833-1911) was fifteen when Joe Martin James died. He became a Baptist preacher, but not one like his father. At twenty-five he married Susannah Elizabeth Matthews. The couple elected themselves Baptist missionaries & migrated into Missouri. During the war, he fought on the Confederate side. The couple bore eight children.
Rhoda Ann James, granddaughter & namesake of Rhoda May
CYRENIUS WAITE JAMES (1831-1911) was age seventeen at the time of his father’s death He was Rhoda’s second eldest child. Cy bore witness to much of the abuse suffered by his mother. He and his other siblings also suffered the social stigma brought upon their family by their father’s bigamous third marriage to the youthful Permelia Estepp. Though his half-siblings with Permelia lived in plain view across Flat Lick Creek, the two families remained completely estranged from each other. Cy fought for the Union in the war and was taken prisoner. In prison in Georgia, he awoke to a nightmare of his daughter dying, at the same time she choked to death on some corn In Illinois. Prior to the war he removed his family there. Afterward, he walked them to Texas, where his descendants live today. No picture of Cy is known to exist. His daughter, Rhoda Ann James, named for his mother and shown here, operated his bank in Rhone, Texas.
A NEPHEW OF RHODA MAY-JAMES
John Smith May, nephew of Rhoda May. Courtesy of the Kentucky Historical Society
JOHN SMITH MAY (1835-Aft. 1891) was a farmer and a teacher before the Civil War started. Shortly after joining the Confederate Army he was captured & imprisoned in Ohio. After the Battle of Chancellorsville, he was exchanged. He joined John Hunt Morgan in Sparta, Tennessee, but was captured later again with Morgan, David Hunt James, & Richard Skinner James. He was secondly incarcerated at Camp Douglas in Chicago, but later sent to Virginia. He surrendered with Gen. Robert E. Lee at Appomattox. Afterwards he returned to Kentucky to resume teaching. By Elizabeth McQueary he had ten children and by Sallie Thurmond two more. In Pulaski County, he became Superintendent of Schools, the Court Clerk for the county, and was elected to the lower house of the Kentucky State Legislature. He and Rhoda May-James died within a few years of one another.
AllenAnneAppomattoxBaptistbattleBereaCampChancellorsvilleChicagoCivil WarclerkConfederatecountycourtcreekCusterCyreniusDanielDouglasEdwardElizabethEsteppGarlandGershwinGwenHarrietHerrinHuntIllinoisJamesJohnJosephLangfordleeLemLickMarthaMartinMaryMatthewsMayMcAlisterMcQuearyMillmissionaryMorganNallNelvaOwensPermeliaPerrypreacherPulaskirepresentativeRhodaRhoneRichardRobertShopvilleSkinnerSmithSpartaspringsstatestone houseSusanTeacherTennesseeTexastintypeUnionWaite
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Valedear Highsmith
Valedear is the owner / practitioner of Essential MFR, founded in 2008. He graduated from the National Academy of Massage Therapy and Healing Sciences in 2003 after spending the better part of fifteen years as an artist in film, retail and theatre. Motivated by several injuries from playing competitive sports, Valedear has spent his career extensively studying JFB-myofascial release (MFR) and orthopedic massage in relations to sports injuries.
Valedear is one of the most sought after massage therapists in the Delaware Valley. From working professionals, rehab patients, TV personalities and elite athletes to name a few, it’s understandable why he is the recipient of the honored “Best Massage Therapist of Philadelphia” award! He’s always striving to stay on top of new developments and insights in the area of massage through seminars, industry journals and attending or leading colleague study groups. You can be assured that you are getting the highest quality alternative health care possible
Mr. Highsmith has earned his massage diploma from NAMTH’s 550 hour program and is nationally certified under NCTMB. He also has certificates of completion under John F. Barnes that include: Myofascial Release I, II, and III; Unwinding; Advanced Unwinding; Fascial Pelvis; Cervical-Thoracic; Subtle Energy I; Rebounding; Quantum Leap. He has also completed a Skill Enhancement Seminar / 40-hour Clinical Internship at the Paoli, PA Myofascial Release Treatment Center with John Barnes. In addition Mr. Highsmith has certifications of completion with James Waslaski that include: Orthopedic Massage / Pain management; Upper Body; Lower Body; and a five day intensive program.
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Michael Dell Has A Few Bullet Points He'd Like To Run Through With Investors
I submit to you that Michael Dell's "presentation to investors" filed today will tell you everything you need to know about Dell, even if you don't read it. Just look at it! Here, for instance, is the slide justifying the $13.65 price that Michael Dell and Silver Lake are paying to LBO the company:
Why is this a PowerPoint presentation? It's all like this - 8 pages of dense bullet-point text, no graphics, no charts, no tables, no nothing. Just words. In complete sentences. Write a letter, man! You run a computer company. You have made a serious error in choosing the right software for your purposes.
The message of the presentation is the same mildly confusing message that Dell has been pushing for a while:
Dell needs to make significant investments, and take significant risks, to pivot from PCs to enterprise computing;
"These steps in Dell's transformation are needed to restore the Company to health in the long term. In the short term, however, they are likely to lower gross margins, raise the Company's operating expenses and raise capital expenditures, resulting in lower earnings."
You hate lower earnings, don't you?
Let me take them off your hands.
What's that, you want a levered recap?
I dunno, sounds pretty risky. "Adding substantial debt to the Company while leaving it as a public company1 would decrease the Company's financial flexibility and hurt the Company's ability to weather an economic or business downturn. It would also jeopardize customer perception and employee retention."
Seriously, leave levering and pivoting Dell to the experts; if you try it you'll hurt yourself.
The experts who came up with this verkakte PowerPoint deck I might add.2
Like I said, the arguments are not new, though I guess they've previously been expressed in the board's voice rather than Michael Dell's. The point is that certain types of businesses - mature businesses that are trying to expensively reinvent themselves in more profitable categories - cannot be run effectively as public companies because public shareholders are scared of change (also: leverage). You may or may not sympathize with that argument, depending on your views about how beholden managers are and should be to shareholder whims,3 and on your level of disdain for public shareholders. Michael Dell's level of disdain: medium-high.
Speaking of which, what happens if the deal is voted down? This:
Or, in a more sensible format:
I will remain committed to doing my utmost for the Company. This is the same message I delivered to the Special Committee when they asked what would happen if they did not agree to a deal. I founded the Company and I will continue, as I have for the last 29 years, to try to make Dell the best company I can. I will also oppose the kind of imprudent leveraged recapitalization that has been suggested by certain other parties.
So he'd stick around to prevent Carl Icahn's unfinanced self-tender idea even if his LBO gets voted down. The slide, though, is a bit short on what the operating strategy would be in that case. Would Dell continue to push its transformation into an enterprise company with good long-term prospects? Or is that impossible to do effectively as a public company? Or is it just impossible to do as a public company with Michael Dell in charge? Coming after seven dense slides about how he just doesn't see much future for Dell as a public company, Michael Dell's promise to stick around even if his deal is voted down sounds more like a threat.
Dell Schedule 14A: The Rationale for a Private Dell [EDGAR]
Carl Icahn Schedule 14A [EDGAR]
Michael Dell: I'll stick around if buyout voted down [Fortune]
1.Surely if this sentence is true it's equally true without the emphasized phrase? I guess there's, like, the thing where stock-price volatility leads to vol in financing (and labor) markets whereas a private company can finance (and hire) without anyone worrying about the stock being down etc.? Ehhhhh.
2.Meanwhile Carl Icahn filed a 14A yesterday that read in its non-boilerplate entirety:
On June 20, 2013, Carl C. Icahn created a Twitter account under the Twitter handle @Carl_C_Icahn (https://twitter.com/Carl_C_Icahn). On June 20, 2013, Mr. Icahn sent the following Tweet relating to Dell Inc.:
“Twitter is great. I like it almost as much as I like Dell.”
If you were deciding to vote for either the Dell LBO or Carl Icahn's loony leveraged recap plan based purely on the quality of their advocates' recent proxy filings, you'd have to go with Icahn.
3.Mark Zuckerberg: not hearing complaints about short-term earnings.a Though TBF he's got structural reasons not to care that Michael Dell lacks; he's got all the votes. Also btw this article about the FB shareholders' meeting is amazing, sample:
[A shareholder] suggested that “it would be very useful, especially for older, technologically less inclined people, if there were a way we could call Facebook if there were a problem.” Later, someone wanted to know what Facebook was going to do about all the hackers inside the company. CEO Mark Zuckerberg calmly explained the definition of “hackers.”
a.Obviously when he says "We understand that a lot of people are disappointed in the performance of the stock and we really are too," he means "I do not give a shit about your stock-price whining."
Michael DellCarl IcahnM&ASilver LakeDell
Carl Icahn: If You Like This Dell Buyout, Why Not Vote Against It?
Who Will Be Saddest About A Successful Dell Buyout?
Carl Icahn And Michael Dell Will Miss Spending Time With Each Other When This Is All Over
Carl Icahn Agreed To Lend Himself Some Money For Dell
Dell Begs Shareholders To Put It Out Of Its Misery
Dell's Board Is Having So Much Fun They're Thinking Of Keeping This Going Until September
Carl Icahn Gets Another Week To Screw Around With Dell, But This Is The Last Time, They Mean It
Carl Icahn Gets Another Week To Screw Around With Dell
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REVIEW: Shade’s Lady by Joanna Wylde
KaetrinB+ Reviews / Recommended ReadsContemporary / Dark / Idaho / MC / novellaComments Off on REVIEW: Shade’s Lady by Joanna Wylde
Dear Joanna Wylde,
I pre-ordered Shade’s Lady some time ago. When I was on holiday recently I was just in the mood for the kind of book you tend to deliver – something which, like a book by Kylie Scott or Kristen Ashley, I tend to gobble up in huge bites. That’s what I wanted and that’s exactly what I got.
I am a little behind on the series – Reapers & Bastards is still on my TBR and it’s been a while since I read one of your books. I had a vague recollection of Shade, the national president of the Reapers MC and I wasn’t sure where Shade’s Lady sat in the Reapers MC timeline. I wondered if I was forgetting things and perhaps Shade’s Lady was a kind of prequel story but after talking about it on Twitter with a friend, I think it was not. More about that later.
Shade is in Cranston, Idaho to do some presidenting stuff with the local chapter of the Reapers MC. He’s been there a while and was especially taken by a waitress at a bar in nearby Violetta. But she’s got a boyfriend so he’s been biding his time.
Mandy McBride has moved to the small town to help her recently divorced sister, Hannah, with her three young children. She believes (not without good reason) that there is a kind of curse on the McBride women to pick shitty men and for them, unsurprisingly, to actually be shitty. She got out of a bad marriage and has decided she’s done with relationships. After moving to Violetta, Mandy met Rebel a biker from a “weekend warriors” type club with some loose ties to the Reapers and she’s been hooking up with him ever since. She’s fairly clear-eyed about what Rebel is and isn’t.
Rebel might be fun to hang out with, but the guy was never gonna be my soul mate. You don’t have to marry the man to enjoy each other, I reminded myself, mentally adding “find soul mate” to Future Me’s list.
Then I mentally crossed it off, because fuck soul mates.
Rebel, as it happens, is another shitty guy attracted like a magnet to a McBride woman. When he, completely unknown to Mandy (or Shade as it happens), trades Mandy to Shade for one night in part payment of a motorbike, it’s fair to say that things get interesting.
The world of an outlaw MC is very different, with the women being “property” of the men in the club. There’s a certain amount of stuff one has to go along with to enjoy the books and they’re absolutely not for everyone. I have my own limits and while you have occasionally crossed a line, and often taken me right to the edge of it and held me there for a long time, for the most part, I treat these books as a kind of urban fantasy and just run with it. Even so, Shade is not a rapist and, once he understands that Mandy did not consent to Rebel’s “deal”, he is very clear he will not, ever, force himself on Mandy (or any woman). That doesn’t mean he won’t try and persuade her because hell, he’s been into her for a long time and there’s a reason he accepted the (bogus) deal in the first place.
But Mandy will not be part of a bargain for a motorcycle (especially only part payment!) so she holds firm, despite her fierce attraction to Shade.
Mandy knows that Shade is not the kind of guy to have relationships and if she was in any doubt about that, Shade tells her himself very explicitly that he’s not a keeper. But they have scorching chemistry and after not too much time passes, she decides she’s going to have a no-strings, extended one-night stand with Shade with no feelings involved.
I’d blow him off afterward like a gangster, because that’s who I was.
A motherfucking gangster.
Well, more of a gangster/waitress hybrid, with a strong sense of responsibility, but still fairly badass as these things went.
Things take a further turn when Hannah’s ex-husband turns out to be even shittier than first thought and this has the effect of bringing Shade and Mandy even closer. There’s also a sweet secondary romance for Hannah.
I liked Mandy’s snarky POV; she made me laugh and she felt very well-realised as a character. Shade even had a few brief POV scenes which helped me to understand him better as well and moved the story along.
In fact, even with some of the darker aspects of the story (la la la urban fantasy la la la) I pretty much loved it all. Right up until the end. I believed that Mandy and Shade had what it takes to life a beautiful (if somewhat unconventional because MC) HEA but you did such a good job of convincing me that Shade wasn’t a “keeper” that I needed more to be comfortable with the HFN. I wondered if Shade and Mandy turned up together in earlier books and I just hadn’t remembered. Frankly, had that been the case, I’d have been happy with Shade’s Lady as it was. Because then I’d know for sure that Shade and Mandy kept on and that eventually, he did refer to her as his “old lady”. But it doesn’t appear that Shade’s Lady is a prequel kind of book so I will have to wait and hope that Mandy and Shade turn up in future books. As things stand now, the HFN was a little too nebulous. It seemed to me that there was some level of expectation that they would part ways at some point and that put a little downer on my good book buzz.
*If it turns out that Shade and Mandy have appeared in previous books, someone, please let me know and I’ll happily correct the record. But I asked on Twitter and there was Kindle-searching going on and Shade was only referenced therein as the fairly new national president of the Reapers MC.
Shade’s Lady is a novella but it is fairly long, coming in at around 160 pages which is around short category length. It was certainly a good bang for my buck and I happily binged on it, finding excuses to read even on a family holiday (where I typically don’t end up reading much because family).
Apart from that one issue, I really enjoyed this one.
Kaetrin
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Kaetrin started reading romance as a teen and then took a long break, detouring into fantasy and thrillers. She returned to romance in 2008 and has been blogging since 2010. She reads contemporary, historical, a little paranormal, urban fantasy and romantic suspense, as well as erotic romance and more recently, new adult. She loves angsty books, funny books, long books and short books. The only thing mandatory is the HEA. Favourite authors include Mary Balogh, Susanna Kearsley, Joanna Bourne, Tammara Webber, Kristen Ashley, Shannon Stacey, Sarah Mayberry, JD Robb/Nora Roberts, KA Mitchell, Marie Sexton, Patricia Briggs, Ilona Andrews, just to name a few. You can find her on Twitter: @kaetrin67.
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The Definitives
2.5 Stars☆☆☆☆
Review by Brian Eggert December 16, 2016
Felicity Jones, Diego Luna, Ben Mendelsohn, Donnie Yen, Mads Mikkelsen, Alan Tudyk, Jiang Wen, Forest Whitaker, Riz Ahmed
Walt Disney Studios exploits their acquisition of Lucasfilm properties to the fullest with Rogue One: A Star Wars Story, the first of several planned spinoff features to take place outside of the regular “Episode” series. Set just before the events of George Lucas’ original 1977 blockbuster, the Jedi-free film continues in the tradition of demystification as the prequel trilogy by setting up events in A New Hope. And while Rogue One hopes to answer several lingering questions, it doesn’t have a significant bearing on the other films beyond a marginal expansion of the mythology, allowing fans to say, “So that’s how that happened.” The primary difference between the abortive prequel trilogy and Rogue One is quite simply this: the new film isn’t terrible. Actually, it’s rather good within the finite limitations of its concept, which I plan to discuss in detail. Consider yourself forewarned that this review will reveal plot specifics, since an examination of how the story is just filler leads to my determination that, no matter how well-made or refreshingly self-serious, Rogue One is, conceptually, disposable entertainment.
Director Gareth Edwards (Monsters, 2014’s Godzilla) helms this grim wartime space opera that doesn’t have the charm or breeziness of last year’s The Force Awakens, but it has an undeniable narrative thrust. Working from a script by Chris Weitz and Tony Gilroy, the production reportedly underwent extensive reshoots with Gilroy in the director’s chair, although there’s no stylistic disparity onscreen as a result of two filmmakers operating at different times. The story follows a rebel mission to acquire plans to the first moon-sized Death Star, the Empire’s dreaded, weaponized headquarters, which Luke Skywalker later detonated with a single shot. Along the way, it answers questions most fans have happily lived without for the last 39 years: How did Princess Leia get her hands on the Death Star schematics? And how could a single shot blow up a massive space station anyway?
Opening without the customary scrolling titles that set the stage, Rogue One tells a galaxy-sized version of The Bridge on the River Kwai, The Dirty Dozen, or Saving Private Ryan—a perilous mission carried out by a small team willing to accept their ill fates for a greater cause. Jyn Erso (Felicity Jones) went into hiding as a child after her father, Galen (Mads Mikkelsen), was taken to help design the Death Star for Orson Krennic (Ben Mendelsohn), the Empire’s Director of Advanced Weapons Research. When Jyn, who has kept out of the conflict between the Rebel Alliance and Galactic Empire for the last fifteen years, finds herself in rebel custody, she’s tasked with gaining information about her father’s efforts to create the planet-killing Imperial weapon. She soon learns that her father intentionally built a weakness in the base’s structure. But with the Rebel Alliance unwilling to engage in a frontal attack on an Imperial data facility to obtain the Death Star’s schematics, Jyn must recruit a ragtag group of heroes and carry out the mission herself.
Each character to accompany Jyn is but a kernel we’ll never get to see pop (for the same reason Darth Maul or Qui-Gon Jinn were so limited). Diego Luna plays Cassian Andor, a Rebel spy and assassin who suggests he’s done unspeakable things in the name of the Rebel cause, bringing a new dynamic to the conflict’s good-evil polarization. Ip Man himself, Donnie Yen plays Chirrut Îmwe, a sightless warrior with uncertain connections to The Force (and the Star Wars equivalent of Zatoichi, the Blind Swordsman). Baze Malbus (Wen Jiang) is another kind of warrior, a strong-but-silent bruiser armed with heavy weaponry. Riz Ahmed stars as Bodhi Rook, a nervous pilot. And Alan Tudyk voices a droid named K-2SO, whose filter circuits have been scrambled, resulting in a dry, sarcastic character. Elsewhere, Forrest Whitaker gives a fascinating and all-too-brief turn as Saw Gerrera, the cyborg extremist who helped raise Jyn.
The meandering first-half gradually sets up a conclusion that balances a tense infiltration of an Imperial data tower, a diversionary ground battle, and a dizzying series of dogfights in space. Each of these segments has been informed by traditional World War II films, which are obvious influences for the director(s). Although Edwards (and Gilroy) assemble wonderfully staged and exciting action, characters are introduced and disposed of far too soon. Then again, given the film’s chronological place in the franchise, our foreknowledge that the Rebel Alliance eventually receives the stolen plans, and the fact that we never see Rogue One’s characters in any sequels, there’s a limited degree of discovery or new information to be experienced through the story. Going into a film like this, we can safely assume our heroes successfully acquire the schematics, but we can also assume that, by the end, they either die or disappear into thin air. Already knowing the finale’s obligatory touchstones inherently lessens our emotional involvement, though a more captivating group of heroes would have helped.
Callbacks to A New Hope prove a distracting element throughout Rogue One. Consider the presence of Death Star overseer Grand Moff Tarkin, originally played by Peter Cushing (1913-1994), here by actor Guy Henry under a Cushing mask of CGI. Along with a brief appearance by Princess Leia in the final scene, Rogue One recreates these actors in their 1977 states (alive, younger) with computer animation, entering into the rather disturbing Uncanny Valley to do so. Trying to pay attention to Tarkin’s plot-heavy dialogue as the formerly real-life actor speaks before us proves impossible. Darth Vader also plays a significant role in the finale of Rogue One, regaining his cruel streak from A New Hope that Lucas tempered to appease his younger audiences and sell more toys. But once again, and at long last, Darth Vader (still voiced by James Earl Jones) demonstrates why he was feared throughout the galaxy, and it’s not for his use of an uncharacteristic pun. Elsewhere, visual nods to the original film appear and seem like unnecessary fan service (a description that might apply to this entire production).
Viewers may notice a suspicious lack of alien species onscreen compared to earlier entries, as Rogue One seems less interested in appealing to a younger demographic through cutsie Ewoks, peppy droids, or a detestable equivalent to Jar Jar Binks (K-2SO won’t nab the hearts of children). The few aliens to appear look great, though, as the filmmakers follow J.J. Abrams’ retro-style use of practical makeup, tactile set pieces, and far less reliance on CGI. Of course, the space battles and ground war sequences use computerized special FX, but the quality surpasses the digital cartoonery Lucas forced us to endure in his prequels. Meanwhile, the ethnically diverse performers lend presence to their characters, building on, but not making up for, the screenplay’s deficiency of personality. Indeed, this joy-free film contains no laughs, no blithe moments of banter, and no romance. However engaging, it’s just not a very fun Star Wars film.
If there are more “Star Wars Stories” in this spinoff form, then Disney has the potential to mirror what they’ve done with Marvel, making each new entry a genre-within-a-genre. For instance, Ant-Man is a heist film within the larger context of a superhero yarn. Following that trend, Rogue One stands as a grim World War II film inside the Star Wars universe. What genres will the young Han Solo and Boba Fett spinoffs adopt? What consequence will they bear on the more significant Episodes, if any? Rogue One (much like The Force Awakes, in retrospect) feels like fan fiction designed to write around the more distracting plot elements and unanswered questions left by Lucas’ story-centric writing and myth-making. Fortunately, the new Star Wars films remain so confidently assembled by talented directors, who are also franchise fans, that everyone is desperate to deliver a polished final product.
Even so, after watching the film, which admittedly I wanted to enjoy more than I did, I asked myself whether Rogue One would have worked without any association to Star Wars whatsoever. I answered myself in two parts: First, it’s a silly question because, after all, Rogue One’s sub-title is “A Star Wars Story,” and so it remains inextricably linked to all the extratextual baggage viewers bring to any Star Wars film (the other seven films, the franchise’s commercialism, the pop-culture saturation, etc.). There’s no separating them. Second, the answer is no, I would not have enjoyed this wartime space epic apart from its references to the larger franchise. The reason for this lies in the characters, their thinly drawn personalities and lack of emotional consequence, and the general joylessness of the proceedings. Even The Bridge on the River Kwai offers moments of levity or slight humor, while Rogue One does not justify its dour tone with a corresponding emotional foundation built around its characters—just a vague theme about having hope in the face of oppression (a timely message, to be sure).
Diverting and well-made though the picture may be, Rogue One ultimately serves no real purpose beyond fleshing-out established material (and providing Disney with another billion or so in revenue, not to mention cross-promotional revenues). The film remains jealously devoted to its plot by providing mortar to larger Episodes in the franchise; however, in doing so, it forgets about developing its characters in any meaningful way. Indeed, audiences and superfans have endured, just as the Star Wars phenomenon transformed into a kind of pop-culture religion, without having the answers that Rogue One supplies. Certainly, the film’s details add a touch of gray to the white Rebel Alliance and black Imperial Empire, but the film does not deepen Star Wars mythology; it just expands it. Fans will be pleased to welcome the film into the ongoing and ever-expanding universe Lucas created, but there’s nothing so essential to call Rogue One vital.
Star Trek: First Contact (1996)
4 Stars☆☆☆☆
Star Wars: Episode VII – The Force Awakens (2015)
Judy 2 Stars☆☆
Reader's Choice: Explorers 2.5 Stars☆☆☆
Underwater 2.5 Stars☆☆☆
The Grudge 1.5 Stars☆☆
Uncut Gems 4 Stars☆☆☆☆
Little Women 4 Stars☆☆☆☆
Bombshell 2.5 Stars☆☆☆
Star Wars: Episode IX – The Rise of Skywalker 2.5 Stars☆☆☆
1917 2 Stars☆☆
6 Undergound 0.5 Star☆
Black Christmas 3 Stars☆☆☆
Honey Boy 3.5 Stars☆☆☆☆
Reader's Choice: The Brand New Testament 3 Stars☆☆☆
A Hidden Life 4 Stars☆☆☆☆
Dark Waters 3 Stars☆☆☆
The Irishman 4 Stars☆☆☆☆
Memory Lane: Old Joy
Best Films of the Decade - Top 10 Films of the 2010s
Re(focused)views: Ishtar
The Definitives: Lost in America
The Definitives: The Shining
Memory Lane: Gerald's Game
Re(focused)views: The Dark Half
Memory Lane: The Mangler
Memory Lane: Needful Things
The Definitives: Meet John Doe
The Definitives: Onibaba
The Definitives: Jeanne Dielman, 23, quai du Commerce, 1080 Bruxelles
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Monday, 22nd July 2019 10.00 a.m.
No such declarations were made.
Resolved – That the minutes of the meetings of the Cabinet held on 24 June and 8 July, 2019 be approved as a correct record.
Key Decisions – no key decisions have been taken under delegated powers during the period 14 June, 2019 (date of publication of last Cabinet agenda) to date.
The Cabinet noted that no key decisions had been taken under delegated powers during the period 14 June, 2019 to date.
New Ferry £200k Allocation Decision PDF 2 MB
Councillor Janette Williamson introduced a report which outlined the proposed allocation of a hardship fund to help and support the residents and business of New Ferry. On 18 February, 2019 Budget Cabinet had agreed to allocate £200,000 and it was requested that, “officers report to Cabinet early in the new municipal year with a proposed methodology for allocating this funding” (minute 54 refers).
The report outlined the requested proposal for allocation, offering a clear criterion for selecting recipients of financial support and a pragmatic approach to ensuring the distribution could occur as swiftly as possible, following a decision.
Councillor Janette Williamson referred to the lack of response from the Government despite persistent lobbying since the devastating explosion. The Council had itself invested £1.3m so far to help with the rebuilding programme. The allocation of £200,000 was a small token in recognition of the suffering residents and businesses had gone through, and was not compensation.
Cabinet Members expressed support for the proposals and thanks were also offered for everything the officers had done and were continuing to do. The people of New Ferry were also thanked for the way in which their community had come together to support each other with new community groups formed and support networks established.
Councillor Pat Hackett referred to a number of initiatives which were being undertaken to help with the regeneration of New Ferry. The area had been shortlisted for the Future High Streets Fund, with Wirral being the only area in the country to have two bids accepted. Bids were also in for Liverpool City Region Strategic Investment Funds.
On a motion by Councillor Tony Jones, seconded by Councillor Janette Williamson, it was -
Resolved– That the proposal for the allocation of £200,000 to help and support the residents and businesses of New Ferry and Port Sunlight affected by the explosion in March 2017 as outlined in paragraph 3.3 of the report, be approved.
Reasons for decision: As the Cabinet agreed to the allocation of £200,000 in February 2019 it is imperative that the distribution of said funding takes place as quickly and efficiently as possible.
Amendment to Existing and Creation of New Policies Relating to Private Sector Housing PDF 149 KB
APPENDIX 1 - FINAL , item 19. PDF 114 KB
APPENDIX 2 - FINAL , item 19. PDF 64 KB
APPENDIX 4. FINAL , item 19. PDF 83 KB
Councillor Stuart Whittingham introduced a report on the proposed revisions to the Council’s Housing Standards Enforcement Policy Statement (referred to as the policy statement) and proposed new policies and procedures on:
· The use of Civil Penalties
· Rent Repayment Orders
· Banning Orders
· Rogue Landlord Database
· Determining a fit and proper person and management arrangements at licensable properties
· Enforced Sales
The report sought to agree the implementation of both the revisions to the policy statement and the new policies as listed above. The policies would help in protecting Wirral’s most vulnerable residents and low income families.
These proposed changes would also assist the Council in meeting the objectives of the Wirral Plan pledges through the provision of “Good quality housing which meets the needs of residents” and the aim of improving 2,250 private sector properties by 2020.
On a motion by Councillor Stuart Whittingham, seconded by Councillor Anita Leech, it was -
Resolved - That:
(1) The proposed revisions to the policy statement and new policies and procedures on the use of Civil Penalties, Rent Repayment Orders, Banning Orders, the Rogue Landlord Database, determining a fit and proper person and management arrangements at licensable properties and Enforced Sales, be approved.
(2) Delegated authority be given, for periodic review and any minor amendments to these documents, to the Cabinet Member for Housing and Planning.
(3) It be agreed that additional financial income generated from civil penalties and rent repayment orders is used to support further enforcement activity involving sub-standard private rented sector properties.
Reasons for decision: Both updating the policy statement and introducing new policies and procedures relating to specific legislative powers is considered to be good practice and follows both statutory and non-statutory guidance. Such action is essential to support the successful use of relevant statutory powers in relation to substandard housing conditions.
Approval of Business Case and Consultation Approach for Proposed Selective Licensing PDF 172 KB
Selective Licensing Business Case June 19 , item 20. PDF 1 MB
Business Case Appendix 1: Evidence Base , item 20. PDF 2 MB
Business Case Appendix 2: Maps and Address Lists , item 20. PDF 10 MB
Business Case Appendix 3: Consultation Plan , item 20. PDF 147 KB
Business Case Appendix 4: License Conditions , item 20. PDF 3 MB
Business Case Appendix 5: Risk Register , item 20. PDF 62 KB
Councillor Stuart Whittingham introduced a report which set out a proposal to continue Wirral’s Selective Licensing Scheme through re-designating the four areas that had been in place since 2015 and were due to end on 30 June, 2020 and extending the scheme into two further areas, all in East Wirral. Selective Licensing was a scheme to improve private rented sector homes within specific designated neighbourhoods by requiring private landlords to obtain a licence and comply with certain agreed conditions. A Business Case which supported the extension of the scheme and relevant appendices was attached to the report. Members were asked to agree that the evidence was the subject of a statutory consultation exercise to seek wider views on this proposal.
The Scheme contributed to the Wirral Plan 2020 Pledge on good quality housing to meet the needs of residents, by improving the quality of Wirral’s housing offer for Wirral’s residents, which was a key component of Wirral’s Housing Strategy and aimed to improve 2250 private sector properties by 2020.
Cabinet Members expressed support for the proposals and on a motion by Councillor Anita Leech, seconded by Councillor Stuart Whittingham, it was -
Resolved: That –
(1) The draft proposal for Selective Licensing in the following six areas from July 2020 until June 2025 in the Borough based on the robust evidence base, be approved:
· Birkenhead South (LSOA E01007129);
· Egerton North (LSOA E01007179);
· Egremont Promenade South (LSOA E01007215);
· Egremont South (LSOA E01007275);
· Seacombe Library (LSOA E01007278); and
· Tranmere Lairds (LSOA E01007291);
(2) The consultation plan and draft Business Case as attached to the report as the basis for public consultation on Selective Licensing, be approved; and
(3) Delegated authority be given to the relevant Director and Cabinet Member for Housing and Planning to undertake minor amendments to the Business Case should further evidence be made available which should be included in the consultation.
Reasons for decision: There is clear evidence within the Business Case on the rationale for commencing with a ten week consultation process on the proposed continuation of Selective Licensing in the four existing designated areas in the borough which commenced in 2015 and the introduction of Selective Licensing in two further areas. There is a requirement to undertake a consultation exercise with those stakeholders affected. The consultation will obtain the views of tenants, residents, landlords and stakeholders and is a requirement of the approval process required by the Ministry of Housing, Communities & Local Government.
Financial Monitoring Out-turn 2018-19 PDF 81 KB
Appendix 1 Revenue Outturn Report , item 21. PDF 125 KB
Appendix 2 Capital Outturn Report , item 21. PDF 101 KB
Appendix 3 Collection Summary Outturn Report , item 21. PDF 92 KB
Councillor Janette Williamson introduced a report which detailed the out-turn for 2018/19 and concluded the reporting to Cabinet for the 2018/19 financial year. Attached to the report were separate appendices for Revenue (including details of the reserves), Capital (including resources used to fund the Programme) and the Collection Summary (including Council Tax, Business Rates and Sundry Debts).
Although a net underspend of £0.6m had been achieved, she outlined the continuing pressures in the various directorates where overspends had occurred, which in 2018/19 had been mitigated by various measures. However, in 2019/20, these measures would not be available to address any potential overspends.
Cabinet Members thanked everyone involved for maintaining services and balancing the budget whilst also achieving savings under increased pressure on Council budgets.
Councillor Tony Jones expressed the view that the government should pause the cessation of the Revenue Support Grant to local authorities, due to come into effect in 2020, whilst undertaking a full spending review.
Councillor Tom Usher commented upon the government’s refusal to fund the crisis in social care head on and that it was left to the council to fund these costs, whilst maintaining financial responsibility.
On a motion by Councillor Janette Williamson, seconded by Councillor it was -
Resolved – That
(1) Revenue
(a) the revenue out-turn indicated a variance of £0.6 million of expenditure less than budget in 2018/19;
(b) the General Fund Balances at 31 March 2019 of £10.7 million, be noted; and
(c) the Earmarked Reserves totalling £59.5 million (£85.5 million subject to External Audit) be confirmed.
(2) Capital
(a) The additional re-profiling of £5.0 million from 2018/19 to 2019/20 be noted;
(b) The financing of the Programme for 2018/19 be noted; and
(c) The Programme for 2019/20 and beyond be kept under review to ensure it is realistic and deliverable.
(3) Collection Summary
(a) The decrease in Council Tax in-year collection rate from 95.5% in 2017/18 to 94.8% in 2018/19 be noted;
(b) Increase in cash collected for Council Tax 2018/19 of £9.4m;
(c) The Business Rates collection rate for 2018/19 of 97.9%; the same collection rate of 97.9% as attained in 2017/18;
(d) The Sundry Debt arrears figure as at 31 March 2019 decreased by £3 million to £26 million; and
(e) That the sundry debts for Adults Social Services and Other Directorates detailed in the report be written-off against the Provision for Bad Debts.
Reasons for decision: Local authorities have to produce an Annual Statement of Accounts which demonstrates the financial performance of the Council for the year and the financial position at the end of the period. The full Statement is approved by Audit & Risk Management Committee on behalf of the Council. This report informs Cabinet of the key elements.
The Collection Summary provides details on income collection performance and any sums which are deemed irrecoverable need to be written off in accordance with the authorisation processes set out in the Council Constitution.
Treasury Annual Report 2018-19 PDF 345 KB
Councillor Janette Williamson introduced a report which fulfilled the Authority’s legal obligation under the Local Government Act 2003 to have regard to both the CIPFA Code and the Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government (MHCLG) Investment Guidance which required the Authority to approve treasury management semi-annual and annual reports.
Proactive Treasury Management activity had resulted in savings of £2.1 million. This was £1 million more than the estimated £1.1 million reported in the Treasury mid-year review. These savings were on top of the £3.8 million worth of Treasury Management savings already built into the 2018/19 budget. The additional savings resulted due to a combination of increased investment income and securing lower cost loans. This meant that the £2m saving in 2019/20 budget for increased income from Treasury Management had already been achieved.
The level of Capital Financing debt, including the Merseyside Residuary Body debt managed by the Council on behalf of the constituent authorities, was £174 million at 31 March 2018. This was a reduction of £90 million since 1 April 2012.
The Council had complied with the Prudential and Treasury Management Indicators as set out in the agreed Treasury Management Strategy for 2018/19.
During the year there had been a change in the minimum revenue provision, the amount set aside for the repayment of future debts and this was still subject to future audit. If agreed this would result in further savings for the Council and be reported as part of the final accounts to the Audit and Risk Management Committee, once signed off by the Council’s auditors, Grant Thornton.
Cabinet Members expressed their thanks to all the finance team for all their work in achieving these savings which helped to support the delivery of vital Council services.
Councillor Pat Hackett remarked upon this brilliant result with the huge challenges ahead the need to maximise every commercial opportunity. He thanked all the officers who had delivered this.
On a motion by Councillor Janette Williamson, seconded by Councillor Tony Jones, it was –
(1) The Treasury Management Annual Report for 2018/19, be agreed;
(2) The savings of £2.1m from treasury and capital financing activities in 2018/19, be noted.
Reasons for the decision: Wirral has adopted the CIPFA Code of Practice on Treasury Management (“the Code”), which includes regular update reports to Members of treasury activity. This report is the annual review for 2018/19. Under the Council’s Financial Regulations any surplus resources, including any additional income, are returned to General Fund Balances and so used to support the delivery of other Council services.
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Giving Contact College of Engineering Home
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Bachelor of Science - Computer Engineering
First Year Undergraduate Curriculum
The freshman year curriculum is identical for most engineering undergraduate degree programs. Undergraduate students are admitted to the College of Engineering with a preference for the major noted on their admissions application and follow the same first-year engineering curriculum. The entry-to-a-major (ETAM) process is designed for students to take ownership of their future to identify at least three majors that are a good match for their career goals and academic performance.
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The computer engineering program is a joint program between the Department of Computer Science and Engineering (CSE) and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering. Additional details about the joint program may be found here. The joint program is administered by the two departments, corresponding to two computer engineering tracks. Details about the CSE track follows.
The computer engineering curriculum provides a balanced view of hardware, software, hardware-software tradeoffs, analysis, design and implementation techniques. It is a dynamic and broadly interdisciplinary field that continues to experience rapid professional growth that impacts every area of human endeavor. The curriculum is designed to cover the engineering aspects of both hardware and software—at a total computer systems perspective. The computer engineering (CSE) degree provides students the freedom to enhance their knowledge in the broad range of topics comprising computer engineering; such as, computer networks, computer architecture, artificial microcomputers, VLSI and large scale hardware and software systems. The track is primarily administered by the Department of Computer Science and Engineering and encompasses nearly all of the core material of the computer science degree, with greater emphasis on design and engineering. The student is exposed to state-of-the-art computers and laboratory equipment, and both analytical techniques and technological developments.
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Bachelor of Science - Computer Science
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Paper - Mechanisms controlling the formation and persistence of the corpus luteum
Anderson LL. and Melampy RM. Mechanisms controlling the formation and persistence of the corpus luteum. (1965) Publications from USDA-ARS/UNL Faculty. 738. PDF.
Seel also the historic paper - Clark JG. The origin, growth and fate of the corpus luteum as observed in the ovary of the pig and man. (1899) Johns Hopkins Hospital Reports, 7:
Modern Notes: corpus luteum | ovary
1 Mechanisms Controlling the Formation and Persistence of the Corpus Luteum
1.1 Morphologic Aspects
1.2 Physiologic Aspects
1.4 Literature Cited
Mechanisms Controlling the Formation and Persistence of the Corpus Luteum
L. L. Anderson Iowa State University, Ames, llanders@iastate.edu
R. M. Melampy Iowa State University, Ames
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L. L. Anderson and R. M. Melampy Iowa State University, Ames
Mechanisms which control formation of corpora lutea during the estrous cycle, and particularly factors affecting their persistence and regression in various reproductive stages, have been of considerable interest to physiologists concerned with developing methods for control of the estrous cycle in domestic animals. Some recent reviews on control of ovarian function are those by Chester Jones I and Ball (§_9_), Anderson et al. (2) and Short (l_3__1_).
Morphologic Aspects
The mammalian ovary has two principal functions: the production and release of ova and the synthesis and secretion of hormones which regulate the reproductive tract and secondary sexual characteristics. These hormones also influence mating behavior and affect metabolism. Following ovulation, the wall of the ruptured follicle undergoes structural and functional changes which transform it into a transient endocrine gland known as the corpus luteum. While the early development of the corpus lateum appears to be quite similar in many mammalian species, the functional life span varies according to whether the animal is nonpregnant, pseudopregnant, pregnant or lactating. In eutherian mammals, it is generally accepted that the granulosa cells are transformed into luteal cells of the corpus lateum. The fate of theca interna cells is less clear and there appear to be species differences as to their subsequent functional significance in the corpus luteum. The literature pertaining to the histogenesis of the corpus luteum has been reviewed by Marshall (23); Corner (_3_l, §__2_); Hett (§_Q); Pratt (_1_(_)§); Harrison (§__8_, §2) and Brambell (_2_3_). According to Amoroso and Finn (_2_) the original description of the corpus luteum is usually credited to Volcherus Coiter in 1573, but Harrison (3) has stated that Vesalius had observed it in the human ovary about 30 years earlier. The developmental morphology of the corpus luteum in the ewe has been described by Marshall (l_8_), Grant (§_0_). Quinlan and Mare (LQQ), Casida and McKenzie (_2_§) and Warbritton (l_2_8_); in the goat by Harrison (£31); in the sow by Corner (§_l, §_2_, §__4, §§) and Barker (_lj); in the cow by McNutt (Q, 'Z_;4_), Hammond (§_§), Ho'fliger ((_>_?=) and Asdell et al. (J1); and in the'mare by Harrison (§§). The mature bovine corpus luteum may show a fluid-filled cavity, whereas this gland is a solid structure; in the ewe, goat and sow. According to Harri-[E son (22), it has been observed in severaiié? species that theca interna cells invade granulosa between day 1 and day 3 and vascularization of the gland occurs at about} the same time. Nearly every cell has endothelial covering by day 12. The reticulum‘: found between luteal cells is produced by the theca interna according to Solomons and Gatenby (l_2_§), but Corner (1.23 13;) stated that it is probably laid down by endothelial cells. Corner (§_5) investigated the distribution of the theca interna cells in porcine corpora lutea and found these cells scattered among the granulosa cells at day 18 of gestation. It was difficult, however, to differentiate theca interna cells after this time.
In the sow, Corner (3_l, 3;) observed three principal types of luteal cells in the corpora lutea of pregnancy: (1) true lutein cells originating from the granulosa; (2) cells with smaller round or oval and more chromatic nuclei which appear on the periphery of the gland and along the connective tissue septa and (3) cells with a spindle shape and a cytoplasm which stained dark brown or purple witl Mallory's stain. It was also noted that there were transitional stages among the three types.
In evaluating the physiologic aspects of the formation and persistence of the corpus luteum; it is desirable-to consider briefly the morphologic development and retrogression o: this gland. In the ewe, according to Warbrittor (_l_@), the corpus luteum develops from botl the granulosa and theca interna, but the luteai cells of the mature gland appear to originate entirely from the former. Three types o. cells (embryonic, normal and regressing were noted and these representedthree phase: in the life cycle of a single luteal cell derivec from the granulosa. The ovine corpus luteun reaches its maximum size at about the middlq of the cycle (Casida and McKenzie, ;§). The color of the gland changes from blood red in an early corpus l_uteum through translucen pink, opaque pink, cream and finally yellow.
Zootechniques, J ouy-en-J osas, France. Corner (__3_4_) noted in the sow that, during the Week following ovulation, corpora lutea attain a diameter of 8 to 10 mm. If the animal is pregnant, there is further growth until an average diameter of 10 to 11 mm. is reached. Histologically it has not been possible to distinguish between glands of the cycle and those of early pregnance. At approximately day 16 of the cycle, a change occurs in the appearance of the corpus luteum in nonpregnant animals. By day 18 the diameter decreases to 6 mm., and the color changes from pink of active capillary circulation to whitish of scar tissue, indicating retrogressive changes in the nature offibrous involution. Eventually all that remains of the site of an ovarian follicle, and subsequently a corpus luteum (either of a cycle or pregnancy), is a small mass of scar tissue, a corpus albicans.
McNutt (]__3_, 3}) studied the cyclic bovine corpus luteum as well as the corpus luteum of pregnancy and concluded that the luteal cells arise from both the granulosa and theca interna, but he added that many luteal cells exhibited intermediate characteristics and that the origin of these cells could not be stated with certainty. The newly formed corpus luteum may be identified on the fifth day when it protrudes above the level of the ovary. The young corpus luteum measures about 6 to 8 mm. in diameter. By 8 days it has increased to 18 to 20 mm., and when it is mature it measures 20 to 25 mm. The cyclic corpus luteum begins to regress about day 16 following estrus. There is, however, no marked reduction in size until the organ is 18 to 20 days old.
Melampy and Gay (_8__3_) made a study of the weight of both the ovary and its corpus luteum of pregnancy in the cow. The estimated age of the corpus luteum was based on the crown-rump length of the fetus, In the 298 cows examined, 90 percent of the ovaries, including the corpus luteum of pregnancy, weighed between 6 and 13 gm. Luteal weights ranged from 3.0 to 6.5 gm. and were approximately one-half of the total ovarian weight. No relationship was observed between the weight of the ovary or the corpus luteum and the stage of pregnancy in the cow. The mean luteal weights in grams were as follows: Angus 4.8, Hereford 4.7, Shorthorn 5.2 and Holstein 5.4. The mean weights for each breed were not significantly different.
According to Asdell (_l_6_) the corpus luteum becomes slightly larger during pregnancythan it is in the cycle, and the greatest size is attained at about 4 months, after which time the size and weight remain about constant. Retrogressive changes begin a little before parturition. According to Boyd (_2_l) the time of its disappearance is from 30 to 90 days after calving, but occasionally it disappears earlier than 30 days.
Results of histological and histochemical investigations of the bovine corpus luteum have have been reported by Weeth and Herman (LZ_‘2) and Foley and Reece (:1_§). The latter investigated the gross and microscopic anatomy of the bovine corpus luteum between 25 and 45 days of gestation and stressed the variation in size, shape and staining qualities of the individual luteal cells. It was demonstrated that the luteal tissue was more compact and that the cells were larger and more rounding in shape, with the cytoplasm being more lightly stained between days 25 and 30. Moss et al. (_‘2_5_, _‘2_§_) have reported studies dealing with the histochemistry of the bovine reproductive tract, including the corpus luteum. These investigators noted that the cyclic corpus luteum contained large amounts of alkaline Phosphatase until about the thirteenth day of the cycle. This enzyme was very low or, except for capillary endothelium, absent in later stages of the cycle. Both theca and granulosa luteal cells contain phosphatase activity up to mid-cycle; it is first lost from the granulosa cells and later from the theca cells. The corpus luteum of cycling cows differs markedly from the corpus luteum of pregnancy with regard to the presence of phosphatase. The presence of phosphatase in the former and not in the latter would suggest that phosphatase is not concerned in the secretory activity of the corpus luteum but, rather, may be concerned in the initial stages of growth and development of this organ.
The luteal cells of bovine corpora lutea between 16 and 33 days of gestation have been classified into five types on the basis of their cytological characteristics by Foley and Greenstein (4_'_7_). Type I cells represent "immature" luteal cells and Type II are mature cells which have reached their maximum size and development. Type III cells are believed to be in the initial stage of regression which continues through Type IV and terminates with Type V cells. Between 16 and 33 days of gestation, there is an increase in the number and the size of the Type II cells with a corresponding reduction in the Type I. These investigators concluded that the cytological changes in the bovine corpus luteum during early pregnancy coincide with advancing gestation and are related to the reproductive performance of the individual animal.
Physiologic Aspects
Stimulation of ovulable follicles in rats with luteinizing hormone (LH) causes the formation of corpora lutea, these structures in a functional capacity is thought to be due to pituitary luteotropin, which is apparently identical with prolactin (Astwood, l_8_; Evans et al., f1_:1_. Q). Evidence for a pituitary luteotropin in the rat is particularly well demonstrated by maintenance of corpora lutea, but not follicles, for several months and the maintenance of ~ following autotransplantation of the pituitary to the kidney (Everett, f1_:_6_). Intact rats with a pituitary homotransplanted beneath the kidney capsule show a pseudopregnancy-like prolongation of the diestrum in progress at the time of transplantation, with a tendency for subsequent cycles to be prolonged (Quilligan and Rothchild, l__0_4_). The stimulus of mating is necessary for pseudopregnancy in the spontaneously ovulating rat and mouse. Pseudopregnancy follows ovulation with or without mating in induced ovulators, such as the rabbit and ferret. Corpora lutea capable of s ecreting progesterone form during non-fertile cycles in spontaneously ovulating domestic animals, such as the cow, sow, and ewe. Prolactin alone is unable to provide luteotropic effects in the rabbit (Hilliard et al., _{3__l; Kilpatrick et al., §§, §>_‘_9; Rennie et al., _l__Q_Z); guinea pig (Aldred e_1:_gl., _l_; Rowlands, Lg); sow (Duncan et al., 4}_._3_; Sammelwitz and Nalbandov, M); ewe (Denamur and Maule’on, 19; Moore and Nalbandov, 234;); cow (Smith et al., _1__Z§) or woman (Bradbury et al., _Z_Z_; Holmstrom and Jones, Q). ' Rothchild (ll_0) reported that lactation is maintained in oxytocin-treat ed hypophysectomized rats bearing pituitary autotransplants; thus, luteotropin (LTH) secretion does not depend on stimulation from the central nervous -system (CNS). It was proposed that a CNS influence inhibits LTH secretion and that another CNS influence stimulates FSH and LH secretion; therefore, progesterone could maintain LTH secretion through its ability to suppress the CNS inhibition over LTH. A decrease in progesterone secretion allows the CNS inhibitor to increase its activity, thereby resulting in decreased«LTH secretion. As a result, progesterone secretion is reduced to a lower level leading to complete cessation of both LTH and progesterone secretion and consequently to the regression of the corpus luteum. Progesterone injected into rats throughout the entire pregnancy or pseudopregnancy does not alter luteal function (Sammelwitz et al., 1___1_§). The same lack of effect of treatment with progesterone on the size of the corpora lutea was observed in hypophysectomized rats with autotransplanted pituitaries. These findings demonstrate that progesterone does not inhibit the secretion of pituitary luteotropin in the rat (Rothchild, 1__1_l). Increased levels of progesterone may prolong the life of corpora lutea in the rat by maintaining secretion of a pituitary luteotropin (prolactin, LTH) (de Jongh and Wolthuis, _E_>_§; Rothchild, 112). Furthermore, the effect of hysterectomy in this species may be due to a deficiency or diminished secretion of LH, thus decreasing the luteolytic effectiveness of the pituitary gland. Estrogen treatment alone or combined with progesterone, depressed LH secretion in the rat, but progesterone treatment alone did not depress secretion of LH (Rothchild, l_l_§). When pituitary transplantation was combined with progesterone treatment, luteolysis occurred, but when pituitary transplantation was combined with estrogen treatment luteolysis usually did not result. Maintenance of prolactin secretion in the rat may depend upon progesterone and the failure of prolactin secretion may result from the depressive effect of LH upon progesterone secretion (Rothchild, _l_l_§_). Thus, prolactin secretion and absence of LH appear necessary for persistence of the rat corpus luteum, and this will occur for prolonged periods when the pituitary is free of inhibitory affects of the CNS on prolactin secretion.
In 1961, Nalbandov proposed that the discharge of a pituitary luteotropin (defined as an unidentified substance or possibly LH) over a relatively short time (no longer than 2 to 3 days in guinea pigs and pigs) is sufficient to maintain corpora lutea for their normal life span during the estrous cycle. Furthermore, no further release of pituitary luteotropin occurs unless the female becomes pregnant, and, in this case, intrauterine events o_f implantation cause a secondary release of the pituitary luteotropin which may then be continuous throughout the gestation. These hypotheses were based on the assumption that the luteolytic effect of exogenous progesterone is not due to a direct action on progesterone of the formed corpora lutea and that sufficient levels of exogenous progesterone block secretion of a pituitary luteotropic substance. Sammelwitz et al. (l_l__§) demonstrated that high doses of progesterone injected into pregnant pigs from the time of ovulation until days 10 to 13 of gestation did not prevent formation of corpora lutea, whereas progesterone injections begun on days 12. to 16 of pregnancy resulted in complete ' and rapid destruction of the formed corpora lutea. Recently, Brinkley et al. (Z_5) reported that exogenous progesterone beginning 1 or 2 days before ovulation, the day of ovulation, or 1 day after ovulation could not prevent the formation and maintenance of corpora lutea during the normal duration of the luteal phase of the cycle. Corpora lutea in these /progesterone-treated gilts were normal as indicated by chemical determination of progesterone content of the tissue at slaughter. From these observations in the pig (Brinkley et al.,§§), it was concluded that the pituitary luteotropin needed for corpus luteum maintenance is released either before or simultaneously with the release of LH and that this hormone is not required beyond the initial "impetus" for formation of functional corpora lutea. Du Mesnil du Buisson and Léglise (§_§) found that corpora lutea formed in pigs hypophysectomized only a few hours after the first signs of estrus. Also, corpora lutea were morphologically normal, contained normal concentrations of progesterone, but were generally smaller at days 13 and 14 of the cycle when hypophysectomies were performed during early luteal phases of the cYc1e. These results tend to support the contention that a pituitary luteotropin secreted during the initial phases of the estrous cycle may be sufficient for the formation and maintenance of the corpora lutea of that cycle. In P1-ogestin-treated nonpregnant gilts with fol1icular growth induced by pregnant mare serum (PMS) treatment, a single injection of an ovulatory- dose of human chorionic ganadotropin (HCG) was sufficient to cause ovulation and formation of normal corpora lutea, as indicated by progesterone content (Brinkley 31; al., a). However, daily injections of HCG in progestin-blocked pregnant pigs will sup port morphologically normal corpora lutea for as long as 16 days, but the luteal tissue is not physiologically normal as shown by reduced progesterone concentrations. Thus, HCG apparently is without luteotropic action in the pregnant animal. It was concluded that corpora lutea of pregnancy, unlike those corpora lutea of the estrous cycle, are supported by a continuous or sustainedrelease of a luteotropic substance.
Using prepubertal lambs, Denamur and Maule'on (£3) found both that 1 to 3 ovulations could be induced with injections of PMS and chorionic gonadotropin and that corpora lutea formed were morphologically and histologically normal. These corpora lutea remained functional until 12 days post-ovulation;_ the onset of luteal regression occurred between the 12th and the 16th days, and regression was complete by the 20th day. Similar development, maintenance and regression of corpora lutea occurred in treated lambs hypophysectomized on the day of induced ovulation.
Hypophysectomy or section of the pituitary stalk does not terminate pregnancy in ewes when these operations are performed at various stages from the 42nd to 90th days of gestation (Cowie et al., §_§_; Denamur and Martinet, §§). Gestation also continues when ovariectomy precedes hypophysectomy at mid-gestation (Denamur and Martinet, §_8_). In goats, however, hypophysectomy or pituitary stalk section is followed by abortion within a few days (Cowie et al., §__6_). Luteal regression also occurs following hypophysectomy in pseudopregnant ferrets, but stalk section of the pituitary is compatible with full development of corpora lutea at least during the first month of pseudopregnancy (Donovan, Q). The isolated pituitary in this species may store and secrete some luteotropin; however, the corpora lutea eventually regress. It was further suggested that estrogen as well as a pituitary luteotropin may be required for luteal maintenance in the ferret.
Results of investigations have shown that exogenous estrogen influences the luteal function in various species (Arnoroso and Finn, ~§). Kidder et al. (Q1) injected gilts with 3 mg. diethylstilbestrol on either the 6th, 11th or 16th day of the cycle and observed cycle lengths of 19, 78, 25, 60 and 18 days respectively. Corpora lutea were maintained until slaughter at 34 days post-estrum in 19 of 20 gilts injected daily with 7.5 or 15 mg. of estrone or estradiol-17/3 per day beginning on day 11 of the cycle (Gardner et al., fl=_9_). Bowerman et al. (Q) have investigated the quantities of urinary estrogen metabolites from gilts during the estrous cycle and pregnancy and examined the possibility ofauterine influence on the metabolism of estrogen by comparing urinary metabolites from intact and hysterectomized and from ovariectomized and ovariectomized-hysterectomized gilt s following administration of exogenous hormones. Quantities of estrone were low in urine at several stages from hysterectomized animals in comparison to cycling and pregnant animals. Rombauts and du Mesnil du Buisson (l_0_9) recently reported that urinary excretion of estrone remained low in sows following hysterectomy on day 70 of gestation. Results from experiments with ovariectomized and ovariectomized-hysterectomized animals did not show any marked influence of the uterus or progesterone- stimulated uterus on the manner in which injected estradiol benzoate was eliminated in the urine (Bowerman et al., Q). The total amount of injected estradiol benzoate recovered in the urine of these ‘animals as estrone ranged from 39 to 60 percent during a 4-day period. The estimates for estradiol were consistently low and without marked variation in any of the urine samples studied. Estriol was not detected. These results suggest that the uterus does not influence the quantity or kind of estrogen metabolites of gilt urine.
Exogenous estrogen maintains corpora lutea in the hypophysectomized rabbit (£8), intact lamb (32) and sow (_z§2,§_(_:) and has an apparent luteolytic action in the cow (51, 53, 72, 132). In the hypophysectomized rat, exogenous estrogen causes anincrease inthe number ofovarian follicles and the amount of granulosa (l_Q_1, fig, _l__3_Q). Corpora lutea form in these rats following injections of PMS or HCG. According to Denamur and Mauléon (39), e st r adiol given from the day of induced ovulation in lambs maintained morphologically and histologically normal corpora lutea for about 50 days. Estrogen treatment did not maintain corpora lutea in lambs hypophysectomized on the day of induced ovulation; luteal regression was complete within 20 days. Similar results have been obtained in the gilt by du Mesnil du Buisson (Q53). .Estradiol benzoate, at doses sufficient to maintain corpora lutea for prolonged periods in the intact gilt, failed to maintain corpora lutea following hypophysectomy. Daily injections of the estrogen were initiated either 2 days before or 6 days after hypophysectomy in the early luteal phase of the cycle (days 6‘ or 8) and total luteal regression occurred within 22 days after the previous estrus. Absence of luteal maintenance by estrogen in hypophysectomized lambs and gilts may indicate an indirect action of this hormone on the life span of the corpus luteum.
Results of recent experiments on the effect of injecting various pituitary hormones on luteal function generally have been negative in sheep and swine. Homogenates of fresh, whole pituitary glands from gilts at different stages of the estrous cycle and gestation did not alter the life span of corpora lutea i_n_ vivo or affect progesterone synthesis by swine luteal tissue i_n vitro (Anderson et al., 2; Duncan et al., 43). Short et a1. (1_2_2_) found that progesterone secretion ofthe corpus lutem was unaffected on the 9th and 15th day of the estrous cycle by injections of ovine prolactin, ovine LH, or chorionic gonadotropin. Furthermore, ovine FSH, growth hormone (GH), ACTH, thyrotropic hormone (TSH), PMS, fresh and acetone -dried ovine pituitaries or endomet ric a1 extracts failed to alter the secretory activity of the ovine corpus luteum, over a short period of time at the 9th day of the estrous cycle (Short, 121; Short et al., 122). Denamur and Maule’on (_3__9) reported that bovine prolactin injected daily from the day of induced ovulation for 20 days did not maintain corpora lutea in intact lambs (up to 2,400 I.U. prolactin per day) or in lambs hypophysectomized on the day of ovulation (1,200 I.U. prolactin per day). In hypophysectomized rabbits (Kilpatrick et al., §>__8_, {>_9; Rennie et al., 107) and in guinea pigs (Rowlands, Q5) ovine prolactin has failed to maintain corpora lutea. However, ovine LH was luteotropic in hypophysectomized rabbits (Kilpatrick et al., §>_8. 6_9).
PMS, HCG or LH in the incubation medium stimulates vitro synthesis of progesterone of corpora lutea from the ewe (LegaultDe-’mare et al., Z_Q); cow (Mason et al., Q; Savard and Casey, 1193 Armstrong et al., Q; Armstrong, 11; Marsh and Savard, '_7_(3, Z1); rat (Armstrong et al., _1_3), but little stimulating effect on progesterone synthesis from swine luteal tissue (Duncan et al., 4:_3; Neill et al., LCE). Increase in synthesis of progesterone by bovine luteal slices was effected by TPN and glucose-6-phosphate; DPN and DPNH did not alter this process. LH increased the incorporation of C14 acetate into progesterone 3 to 5 times, whereas addition of NADP and glucose-6-phosphate caused an 8-to 15fold increase in progesterone production with no increase in the incorporation of C14 into the steroid (Marsh et al., 75; Mason et al., _E_3__l; Savard and Casey, 118). The minimum effective concentration of LH required for increased synthesis of progesterone _i_n vitro was 0.01 - 0.02 mcg./gm. of bovine luteal tissue (Mason and Savard, 8_Q). Prolactin did not produce a stimulatory effect on E vitro progesterone synthesis (Mason et al., 81) and the stimulating effect of FSH was attributed to small amounts of LH in the preparation (Mason and Savard, §_l_).
Microgram amounts of ovine LH in the incubation medium ‘increased _i_r_1_ vitro phosphorylase activity of luteal slices from pregnant cows (Marsh and Savard, 7_6). Luteinizing hormone not only maintained the high initial level of phosphorylase activity but was capable of increasing this activity after it had reached relatively low levels. Prolactin, ACTH, peroxide-in-activated LH and adenosine 3', 5' -monophosphate (3', 5' -AMP)wereineffective in stimulating phosphorylase activity, whereas ovine FSH and ovine GH were stimulatory. The stimulating effects of the latter hormones were explained as due to LH contamination. A corresponding increase‘ in vitro progesterone synthesis and phosphorylase activity occurred in bovine luteal slices when measured in the same luteal tissue. Marsh and Savard (23) reported that the addition of 3', 5' -AMP to incubating slices of bovine Corpus luteum increased the rate of progesterone synthesis without increasing the phosphorylase activity of the tissue. The 2to 3-fold stimulation by 3', 5' -AMP of.the amount (mcg.) of progesterone synthesized was accompanied by a similar increase in the incorporation of acetate- 1-C14 into the steroid. Results of incubating active and involuting bovine corpora lutea surgically removed at different stages of the estrous cycle were reported by Armstrong et al. (1_2_). Maximal progesterone synthesis occurred from cows 4 to 13 days post estrus, declined gradually until day 18 and decreased to undetectable levels at day 19. Addition of LH to the incubation medium increased progesterone synthesis through day 18, but was ineffective on corpora lutea obtained from day 19 or later. Progesterone synthesis in corpora lutea obtained from day 19 or later was partially restored by addition of pregnenolone or of TPN plus glucose-6phosphate to the incubation medium. TPN plus glucose-6-phosphate were only minimally effective in stimulating progesterone synthesis in corpora lutea from early stages of the estrous cycle (Armstrong, _1_l). It as suggested that possibly TPNH is not rate limiting in fresh luteal tissue but is rate limiting if tissue is deprived of oxygen or nutrient supply. Inactive corpora lutea were not deficient in stores of cholesterol but may be deficient in the enzyme system necessary for conversion of this probable precursor in progesterone synthesis. Simmons and Hansel (lll) investigated luteal progesterone from heifers given different hormone treatments and suggested the occurrence of a specific bovine luteotropin hormone which is not bovine growth hormone, equine LH or ovine prolactin.
Armstrong and Greep (13) observed a stimulatory effect of LH upon the uptake of glucose by slices of luteinized rat ovaries and twothirds of the utilized glucose was converted to lactic acid (Armstrong, _l__Q). Lactic acid formation was stimulated by _i_n_ vivo LH and in proportion to its stimulation of glucose uptake. In these experiments FSH and prolactin did not stimulate glucose uptake except at levels which could be caused by LH contamination. when the LH was given intravenously to rats 4 hr. prior to autopsy, there was a significant increase in the conversion of glucose to CO2 and lipid, as well as an overall increase in the uptake of glucose by the luteal slices. However, when LH was added directly to the incubation medium there resulted an increased progesterone synthesis without affecting the rate of glucose metabolism (Armstrong et al., 13), Increased glycolysis appeared to be an Effect rather than a cause for the increased synthesis of luteal progesterone. Armstrong (11) found that stimulation of glycolysis fol16wing LH was involved in the replenishment of stores of lipid precursors which have been depleted as a result of the stimulatory action of LH upon progesterone synthesis. It was proposed that LH possibly mobilizes lipid stores for progesterone synthesis by the corpora lutea and these lipid stores are replenished both from cholesterol and long chain free fatty acids brought to the tissue by the plasma.
In the ewe, corpora lutea, induced by ovine pituitary extract at different luteal phases of the estrous cycle, regress at the same time as the natural corpora lutea, even after the natural corpora lutea have been removed (Inskeep et al., _6__5_). It was concluded that the life span of corpora lutea in this species is determined by a factor extrinsic to the gland itself. However, in the gilt, induced and natural corpora lutea of different ages on the same ovary retain their luteal life spans of approximately one estrous cycle (Neill and Day, 22). Thus, an intrinsic mechanism determining the life of the corpus luteum possibly at the time of luteal formation is likely in this species. Both natural and induced corpora lutea persist in hysterectomized gilts.
There appear to be species differences in the relationship between the level of ovarian and subsequent luteal function and the degree of pituitary activity. (Nalbandov, 2]). For example, the events of ovulation, whether induced or spontaneous, are sufficient to cause the formation and maintenance of corpora lutea in the pig for a period oftime characteristic of this species. In the ewe, however, the physiologic events leading to the development of these glands do not appear adequate for their maintenance without supplemental pituitary stimulation. It is possible, in species producing functional corpora lutea, that luteolysis during the estrous cycle is initiated as a result of an inhibitory humoral or neurohumoral stimulus of uterine origin acting on the anterior pituitary by way of the CNS. This action could lead either to inhibition of hypophysial luteotropin or alteration in gonadotropic complex activity’ and would thereby induce luteal regression. During pregnancy and following hysterectomy, this uterine inhibition is absent in some species and as a result functional corpora lutea persist (Nalbandov, personal communication).
Increasing attention has been given to the role of the uterus in alteration of pituitary and gonad function. Maintenance of the functional corpus luteum during at least the initial phases of gestation is well recognized in several species (Amoroso and Finn, Q). Hysterectomy alters ovarian function which results in persistence of thecorpus luteum in the guinea pig (Butcher et al., 2_7; Loeb, '_7__l; Rowlands, _l__l_;4__); ewe (Denamur and Mauléon, Q; Moor and Rowson, fl; Wiltbank and Casida, 131); sow (Anderson et al., Q; Anderson et'al., Z; du Mesnil du Buisson and Dauzier, §3_7; Neill and Day, §_9; Spies et al., 1_§1) and cow (Anderson and Bowerman, §_; Anderson et al_., §; Armstrong and Hansel, 1_5_; Wiltbank and Casida, 1_§_l; Wiltbank et al., 1_§_3). The corpora lutea following hysterectomy are maintained for a period approaching or exceeding the length of gestation in these species. However, that same operation has no apparent effect on ovarian function in the ferret, opossum, monkey, woman or unmated rat, mouse and rabbit (Amoroso and Finn, Q; Anderson et al., 5)). Hysterectomy performed at different phases of the estrous cycle has been reported recently in the gilt (Anderson et al., _'_?_); guinea pig (Rowlands, _l_l_§_); ewe (Moor and Rowson, 2;) and at different stages of pseudopregnancy in the rat (Melampy et al., §_§_). Silbiger and Rothchild (l_2__§) suggest that hysterectomy in the rat results in decreased secretion of both FSH and LH and that a decrease in the luteolytic effectiveness of the pituitary is associated with the diminished secretion of LH.
In the gilt, removal of the uterus at estrus or days 5, 10, 14 and in a majority at day 16, resulted in formation and maintenance of corpora lutea. Estrus and ovulation occurred within a few days when the uterus was removed at day 18. Although morphologic changes associated with luteal regression occurred in hysterectomized gilts during the interval be tween days 16 and 18, the presence of a luteolytic or absence of luteotropic action may be initiated at an earlier stage of the cycle. Hysterectomy as late as day 15 of the cycle prevented impending estrus and ovulation in guinea pigs (Rowlands, _l_1_-I) and, in ewes (Moor and Rowson, _9__l_), arrested the involutionary changes in luteal cells, provided the corpus luteum was still functional at the time of the operation. In rats, hysterectomy on days 5, 9 and 11 of pseudopregnancy resulted in prolongation of the life span of corpora lutea to approximately that of normal gestation, whereas luteal regression was initiated somewhat earlier when the uterus was removed at day 13 (Melampy et al., §§_). Enucleation of the persisting corpora lutea in hysterectomized gilts (Anderson et al.,_2) and heifers (Anderson and Bowerman, g) is followed within a few days by estrus, ovulation and maintenance of the newly formed corpora lutea.
Secretion of a hypophysial luteotropin for maintenance of corpora lutea for prolonged periods in the hysterectomized ewe and gilt is evident by luteal regression following hypophysectomy in these animals. Denamur and Mauléon (_3__‘Z) found that corpora lutea were in the process of regression or completely regressed 20 days after hysterectomizing and hypophysectomizing ewes on the day of ovulation. Furthermore, luteal regressionwas complete within 20 days in ewes hypophysectomized 20 days after hysterectomy. Du Mesnil du Buisson and Le'glise (_8_§) reported that luteal regression began within 5 days and was complete by 10 to 11 days in gilts previously hysterectomized during the early luteal phase (days 4-to 8) and hypophysectomized 22 days after the beginning of estrus. Similar results were obtained when gilts were hypophysectomized 29, 46, 97'and 99 days after hysterectomy (du Mesnil du Buisson, _8_(;). Complete luteal regression also occurred within 20 days when hypophysectomies were performed at estrus and followed by hysterectomies in the early luteal phase of the cycle (du Mesnil du Buisson, 8_é). Maintenance of corpora lutea in the hysterectomized ewe and gilt is not possible in the absence of the pituitary. Persistence of corpora lutea following hypophysectomy in previously hysterectomized guinea pigs indicates that removal of the uterus does not affect luteal function by secretion ofa pituitary luteotropin this species (Rowlands, 1_l_5_). In experiments of Deanesly and Perry (3_7), both progesterone and reserpine caused regression of corpora lutea in hysterectomized guinea pigs. They concluded that in the guinea pig the corpora lutea of hysterectomy do not function independently of the pituitary.
Short (lg) has proposed a system of dua control of the life span of the corpus luteum for the ewe by a pituitary luteotropin and a uterine luteolysin. In this scheme, a pituitary "on" mechanism would stimulate and maintain the corpus luteum life span but perhaps not its secretory activity by a single release of a pituitary luteotropin at the time of ovulation. However, the luteotropin may be released into the circulation continuously. A" uterine "off" mechanism would determine the length of the estrous cycle by providing a luteolysin. Of the two mechanisms, the uterine luteolysin would have the overriding effect.
Subtotal hysterectomy in the guinea pig (Butcher et 31., £7); gilt (Anderson et al., (3); heifer (Anderson et al., §) and ewe (Moor and Rowson, 2_l) results in luteal regression and continuation of estrous cycles. However, the duration of the estrous cycle in these species is affected by the proportion of uterus removed. Recent investigations of the cycles were extended beyond 20 days when one uterine horn was removed, whereas one—fourth of the cycles were extended when only the distal half of one horn was removed. Uterine and endometrial autotransplants in the guinea pig (Butcher et al., E) and uterine autotransplants in the pig (Anderson et al., _7_; du Mesnil du Buisson and Rombauts, §_9) results in continuation of estrous cycles and, in rats, (Melampy et al., duration of pseudopregnancy. A functional endometrium, as evaluated histologically, appears to be necessary for luteal regression in these species.
Unilateral regression of corpora lutea has been observed on the side of the uterine fragment in partially hysterectomized gilts (du Mesnil du Buisson, E). In gilts mated after one uterine horn was severed from the uterine body, early failure of pregnancy occurred in the intact horn (du Mesnil du Buisson, gg). Gestation continued in these animals if the non-gravid horn was removed by day 14, but pregnancy was terminated when unilateral hysterectomy was postponed until after day 16 (du Mesnil du Buisson, §§), Unilateral luteal regression occurred on the side of the non-gravid horn in gilts that became pregnant with either a whole or anterior half or quarter of a sterile horn present (Rathmacher and Anderson, l_9_6_). Normal pregnancy and maintenance of corpora lutea on both ovaries occurred in unilaterally hysterectomized animals. It is apparent that the non-gravid horn is responsible for the termination of pregnancy through a luteolytic action which it initiates. The physiologic basis of this action is unknown, but it is possible that ovarian-uterine vascular relationships may be involved in the initiation of this luteolysis.
The duration of anestrum was prolonged more than 100 days in 6 of 8 intact gilts injected with an optimum total of 35 mg. of estradiol benzoate over a 7-day period beginning on days 7, 9 or 12 of the cycle (du Mesnil du Buisson, §_§). Estrogen treatment beginning at day 14 had no effect on the length of the estrous cycle. Corpora lutea were maintained in both ovaries in estrogen-treated unilaterally pregnant gilts with one empty uterine horn at 30, 55 or 90 to 103 days of gestation. Therefore, estradiol benzoate suppresses luteolytic action, not only during the estrous cycle, but also in unilaterally pregnant gilts. in which the non-gravid uterine horn would otherwise effect a unilateral regression of corpora lutea on the side of the non-gravid horn. Du Mesnil du Buisson and Rombauts (9_9_) found that gestation continued in a majority of gilts in which all of the uterus was removed except one embryo and its corresponding portion of uterine horn on the 12th day of pregnancy. When a certain number of in the ewe: by Moorland Rowson (2_1) showed that one-half reduces the embryos were removed with or without the corresponding portion of the uterine horns around the 40th or 80th day of gestation, pregnancy continued in most animals in which some embryos with corresponding uterine horns were removed, whereas very few gilts remained pregnant when’ only some embryos were removed. The portion of empty uterine horn apparently had a negative influence on maintenance of pregnancy after the first 40 days, but uterine luteolytic activity of the empty horn was not evident on the corresponding ovary at this time.
Surgical removal of embryos during the first 12. days in the ewe resulted in subsequent normal estrous behavior, whereas removal of embryos on the 13th and 14th days after estrus resulted in a marked extension of the luteal life span (Moor and Rowson, 9_l_). Furthermore, transfer of 12 or 13 day embryos to the uterus of non-pregnant recipient ewes on the 12th day of their cycle resulted in normal pregnancies. Embryonic loss frequently occurred when 13 day embryos were transferred to day 13 recipient ewes. It was suggested that the life span of the corpus luteum in this species was not irrevocably determined until after the 12th day of the estrous cycle.
Estrous cycles are altered by uterine distention in. the rat (Selye, E9); guinea pig (Donovan and Traczyk, Q; Moore, 2;); cow (Armstrong and Hansel, l§; Chatterjee and Luktuke, Q; Hansel, §f_1; Hansel and Wagner, 5_5; Yamauchi and Nakahara, 111) and ewe (Inskeep et al., 6_4; Moore and Nalbandov, 2%; Nalbandov et al., 9_8_) but not in the pig (Anderson, _.3_). Uterine innervation in these species can play a role in changing ovarian function, possibly by affecting central nervous system activity and thereby pituitary hormone secretion or possibly by a more direct action on the ovary. However, mechanisms by which uterine distention modifies the cycle may be unrelated to those mechanisms affecting the physiological processes in the formation, maintenance and regression of the corpus luteum during ‘the normal estrous cycle or during pregnancy.
Follicular growth and maturation are dependent upon pituitary gonadotropins; ovulation is followed by further proliferation of granulosa and theca cells which form the corpus luteum. In the ewe and sow the ovary is capable of ovulation when the pituitary is removed at or just prior to ovulation, the corpus luteum which develops subsequently is maintained.for the approximate duration of the estrous cycle. It has been proposed that perhaps a pituitary luteotropin, if required, is secreted for a brief period at the time of ovulation and is sufficient for the development of the corpus luteum of that cycle. Luteinizing hormone is required for the processes of follicular maturation and ovulation as indicated by experimental induction of ovulation and by depletion of pituitary gonadotropin, content prior to ovulation. The necessity for a luteotropin, whether this is luteinizing hormone or an unidentified pituitary luteotropin, is not clearly established for the initial development of the corpus luteuf-.n during the estrous cycle. Maintenance of the corpus luteum in the pregnant or hysterectomized animal is dependent upon an apparent continuous requirement of pituitary gonadotropin with luteotropic action.
The role of the uterus in altering the life of the corpus luteum in the cow, sow and ewe is evident by extension of the luteal life span during pregnancy and following hysterectomy, and, in the case of the sow, luteolytic action of a non-gravid portion of the uterus in partially hysterectomized or unilaterally pregnant animals. The physiologic basis of uni lateral regression of corpora lutea is unknown. It is possible that ovarian-uterine vascular relationships may be involved in the initiation of this luteolysis. In subtotally hysterectomized animals, estrous cycles occur, however, the duration of the cycle is altered by the proportion of uterus removed. Estrous cycles occur following autotransplantation of the uterus in the guinea pig and sow and in rats the duration of pseudopregnancy is reduced. A functional endometrium appears necessary for luteal regression in these species. It may.-be that in the cycling female the uterus maintains a positive inhibition of pituitary luteotropin secretion and during pregnancy or following hysterectomy, this inhibition is lacking; hence, the persistence of corpora lutea.
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(98) Nalbandov, A. V., Moore, W. W., and Norton, H. W. 1955. Further Studies on the Neurogenic Control of the Estrous Cycle by Uterine Distention. . Endocrinology 56: 225.
(99) Neill, J. D., and Day, B. N. 1964. Relationship of Developmental Stage to Regression of the Corpus Luteum in Swine. Endocrinology 74: 355.
(100) Neill, J.D,, Day, B. N., and Duncan, G.W. 1964. Gas Chromatographic Determination of Progestins in Tissue and Blood. Steroids 4: 699.
(101) Payne, R. W., and Hellbaum, A. A. 1955. The Effect of Estrogens on the Ovary of the Hypophysectomized Rat. Endocrinology 57: 193.
(102) Pencharz, R. I. 1940. Effect of Estrogens and Androgens Alone and in Combination with Chorionic Gonadotropin on the Ovary of the Hypophysectomized Rat. _ Science 91: 554.
(103) Pratt, J. P. 1935. The Human Corpus Luteum. Arch. Path. Lab. Med. 19:380.
(104) Quilligan, E. J., and Rothchild, I. 1960. The Corpus Luteum- Pituitary Re1ationship:The Luteotrophic activity of Homotransplanted Pituitaries in Intact Rats. Endocrinology 67: 48.
(105) Quinlan, J., and Mare’, G. S. 1931. The Physiological Changes in the Ovary of the Merino Sheep in South Africa and the Practical Application in Breeding. 17th Rpt. Vet. Res. 5. Africa. 663.
(106) Rathmacher, R. P., and Anderson, L. L. 1963. Sterile Uterine Horn and Embryonic Survival in Pigs. Jour. Anim. Sci. 22: 1139. (Abstr.). 1
(107) Rennie, P., Davies, J., and Friedrich, E. 1964. Failure of Ovine Prolactin to Show Luteotrophic or Luteolytic Effects in the Rabbit. Endocrinology 75: 622.
(108) Robson, J. M. 1937. Maintenance by Oestrin of the Luteal Function in Hypophysectomized Rabbits. Jour. Physiol. 90: 435.
(109)Rombauts, P., and du Mesnil du Buisson, F. 1964. Excrétion d'oestrogénes apres hystérectomie durant la gestation ou pendant le cycles oestral. Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. 258: 5076.
(110) Rothchild, I. 1960a. The Corpus Luteum- Pituitary Relationship: The Association Between the Cause of Luteotrophin Secretion and the Cause of Follicular Quiescence During Lactation; the Basis for a Tentative Theory of the Corpus Luteum-Pituitary Relationship in the Rat. Endocrinology 67: 9. V
(111) Rothchild, I. 1960b. The Corpus Luteum-Pituitary ~ Relationship: The Lack of an Inhibiting Effect of Progresterone on the Secretion of Pituitary Luteotrophin. Endocrinology 67: 54. (112) Rothchild, I. 1962. Positive Feedback in Luteal « Phase Regulation of Luteo trophin Secretion. Proc. I.U.P.S. XXII Inter. Congr. I: 746.
(113) Rothchild, I. 1964. An Explanation for the Cause of Luteolysis in the Rat and its Possible Application to Other Species. Presented at the Second International Congress of Endocrinology, London. 1964.
(114) Rowlands, I. W. 1961. Effect of Hysterectomy at Different Stages inthe Life Cycle of the Corpus Luteum in the Guinea-Pig. Jour. Reprod. 8 Fertil. 2: 341.
(115) Rowlands, I. W. 1962. The Effect of Oestrogens, Prolactin and Hypophysectomy on the Corpora Lutea and Vagina of Hysterectomized GuineaPigs. Endocrinology 24: 105.
(116) Sammelwitz, P. H., Aldred, J. P., and Nalbandov, A. V. 1961. Mechanisms of Maintenance of Corpora Lutea in Pigs and Rats. Jour. 'Reprod. Fertil. 2: 387.
(117) Sammelwitz, P. H., and Nalbandov. A. V. 1958. Progesterone-Induced Regres sion of Corpora Lutea in Pregnant and Cycling Gilts. Jour. Anim. Sci. 17: 1233. (Abstr.).
(118) Savard, K., and Casey, P. J. 1963. Differing Actions of NADPHand Tropic Hormones (LH and ACTH) on Steroidogenesis. Fed. Proc. 22: 530.
(119) Savard, K., and Casey, P. J. 1964. Effects of Pituitary Hormones . and NADPH on Acetate Utilization in Ovarian and Adreno cortical‘ Tissue. Endocrinology 74: 599.
(120) Selye, H. 1933. Influence of the Uterus on Ovary and Mammary Gland. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 31: 488.
(121) Short, R. V. 1964. Ovarian Steroid Synthesis and Secretion _i_r_1 vivo. Recent Progr. Hormone Res. 20:303.
(122) Short, R. V., McDonald, M. F., and Rowson, L. E. A. A 1963. Steriods in the Ovarian Venous Blood of Ewes Before and After Gonadotrophic Stimulation. Endocrinology 26: 155.
(123) Silbiger, M., and Rothchild, I. 1963. The Influence of the Uterus on the Corpus Luteum- Pituitary Relationship in the Rat. Acta Endrocinology 43: 521.
(124) Simmons, K. R., and Hansel, W. 1964. Nature of the Luteotropic Hormone in the Bovine. Jour. Anim. Sci. 23: 136.
(125) Smith, V. R., and Casida, L. E. 1957. On Maintenance of the Corpora Lutea of the Bovine with Lactogen. Jour. Dairy Sci. 40: 443.
(126) Solomons, ., and Gatenby, J. W. B. 1924. Notes on the Formation, Structure and Physiology of the Corpus Lute-um of Man, the Pig and’ the Duck- Billed Platypus. Jour. Obst. Gyn. British Emp. 31: 580.
(127) Spies, H. G., Zimmerman, D. R., Self, H. L., and Casida, L. E. 1960. Effect of Exogenous Progesterone on the Corpora Lutea of Hysterectomized Gilts. Jour. Anim. Sci. 19: 101.
(128) Warbritton, V. 1934. The Cytology of the Corpora Lutea of the Ewe. Jour. Morphol. 56: 181.
(129) Weeth, H. J., and Herman, H. A. 1952. Histological and Histochemical Study of the Bovine Oviducts, Uterus and Placenta. Mo. Agr. Expt. Sta. Res. Bul. 501. McShan, W. H.,
(130) Williams, P. C. 1940. Effect of Stilboestrol on the Ovaries of Hypophy*sectomized Rats. Nature 145: 388.
(131) Wiltbank, J. N., and Casida, L. E. 1956. Alteration of Ovarian Activity by Hysterectomy..Jour. Anim. Sci. 15: 134.
(132) Wiltbank, J. N., Ingalls, Rowden, W. W. 1961a. Effects of Various” Forms and Levels of Estrogens Alone or in Combinations with Gonadotrophins on the Estrous Cycle of Beef Heifers. Jour. Anim. Sci. 20: 341.
(133) Wiltbank, J. N., Rothlisberger, J. A., and Zimmerman, D. R. 1961b. Effect of Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin on Maintenance of the Corpus Luteum and Embryonic Survival in the Cow. Jour. Anim. Sci. 20: 82.7.
(134) Yamauchi, M., and Nakahara, T. 1 1958. Effects of Uterine Distention on the Estrous Cycle of Cattle. Jap. Jour. Anim. Reprod. 3: 121.
Journa1 Paper No. J -4910 of the Iowa Agricultural and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames, Iowa. Project M 1325. Supported by USPHS, National Institutes of Health (Grant HD 01168-05) and American Cyanamid C0,, Princeton, N.. 2 Lalor Foundation Fellow, 1964, at the Station de Recherches de Physiologie Animale, Centre National de Recherche
Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2020, January 21) Embryology Paper - Mechanisms controlling the formation and persistence of the corpus luteum. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Paper_-_Mechanisms_controlling_the_formation_and_persistence_of_the_corpus_luteum
Retrieved from ‘https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=Paper_-_Mechanisms_controlling_the_formation_and_persistence_of_the_corpus_luteum&oldid=337526’
Corpus Luteum
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Long Shot movie stream , Long Shot movie hd stream, Long Shot movie online , Long Shot movie watch online , Long Shot full movie, Long Shot movie free download, Long Shot movie download
Long Shot movie free download
Long Shot movie watch online
Long Shot is a 2019 American lighthearted comedy movie coordinated by Jonathan Levine and composed by Dan Sterling and Liz Hannah. The plot pursues a columnist (Seth Rogen) who reunites with his previous sitter (Charlize Theron), presently the US Secretary of State. O’Shea Jackson Jr., Andy Serkis, June Diane Raphael, Weave Odenkirk, and Alexander Skarsgård additionally star.
The film had its reality debut at South by Southwest on Walk 9, 2019, and was dramatically discharged in the US and Canada on May 3, 2019, by Lionsgate. It got commonly positive audits from faultfinders, with acclaim for the exhibitions and science of Rogen and Theron.
In 2019, U.S. Secretary of State Charlotte Field gains from President Chambers that he doesn’t anticipate running for a subsequent term. Seeing a chance, she persuades him to support her as a potential presidential competitor.
In the interim, New York City columnist Fred Flarsky discovers that the paper he works for has been purchased by Parker Wembley, a well off news head honcho whose morals legitimately contradict Fred’s. Irate, he instantly stops yet can’t secure another position. Discouraged, he goes to his increasingly effective closest companion Spear, who takes him to a philanthropy gathering pledges occasion that Charlotte is additionally visiting. She and Fred perceive one another, as she was his sitter and mystery love intrigue when they were youngsters. While they make up for lost time, Wembley interferes with them to design a gathering with Charlotte, driving Fred to censure Wembley’s activities and convictions before leaving.
After perusing a portion of Fred’s segments, Charlotte chooses to procure him to think of her addresses over the dissents of her administrator Maggie. In spite of voicing suspicion of her morals, Fred accepts the position. At a world heads summit, Charlotte is compelled to overhaul a discourse including an arranged natural update to mollify a portion of her constituents. At the point when Fred articles and gets down on her about relinquishing her ethics, she alters her perspective and the discourse is a triumph.
As the two keep on getting to know each other under the appearance of Fred becoming familiar with Charlotte for his composition, they begin to draw near. At last, in the wake of enduring an insurgency in Manila, they start a relationship together. After discovering, Maggie attempts to caution both that the open will never acknowledge them as a team. At the point when Chambers orders Charlotte to evacuate plans to safeguard the trees, as certain companions of his asked, she releases pressure with Fred by getting high on happiness. A prisoner emergency happens not long after, regardless of as yet being high, Charlotte figures out how to talk the captors down and free the prisoner.
Despite the fact that the occurrence expands Charlotte’s endorsement rating, Chambers is irate when she overlooks his requests and get him out. He goes up against her in his office close by Wembley, who has a personal stake in expelling the trees as a major aspect of her arrangement. The two extortion her with a hacked video from Fred’s webcam of him examining their relationship and jerking off to a video of one of her addresses. She demonstrates Fred the video and advises him that she has consented to the final offer, and that she needs to present him and their relationship openly once his picture is tidied up. Disillusioned and incapable to transform, he cannot and they separate.
Back in New York, Fred converses with Spear, who reveals to him that he has been excessively obstinate with his standards and refusal to consider other individuals’ needs and suppositions. During her declaration to keep running for president in 2020, Charlotte alters her perspective and settles on her unique arrangement, likewise uncovering the extortion from Wembley and Chambers and portraying the substance of the video before its discharge. Fred scans for Charlotte and discovers her holding up at his condo. They concede that they adore one another, and meet the press outside where Charlotte presents Fred as her sweetheart. In 2021, the couple wed and Charlotte is confirmed as the primary female president with Fred as “First Sir”, him having taken her last name.
Flarsky, was reported, with Seth Rogen and Charlize In February 2017, the undertaking, at that point titled Theron connected to star and Jonathan Levine directing.That summer, Liz Hannah, whose first Hollywood activity was at Theron’s creation organization Denver and Delilah Preparations, was employed to revamp Dan Sterling’s unique content. In October 2017, O’Shea Jackson Jr. was thrown. In November 2017, June Diane Raphael, Ravi Patel, Andy Serkis, Alexander Skarsgård, and Randall Park joined the give a role as recording initiated in Montreal.
Scenes were shot in Court de la Trinidad in Cartagena, Colombia toward the finish of January 2018. In January 2019, it was reported the film had been retitled Long Shot.
The film had its reality debut at South by Southwest on Walk 9, 2019.Originally slated to be discharged on February 8, 2019, after exceptionally positive test screenings it was pushed back to June 7, 2019 so as to be situated as a mid yeartentpole.[16] It was then climbed to its possible date of May 3, 2019.
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How Content Editors Use the Drupal Layout Builder
Sep 26, 2019 · by Suzanne Dergacheva
The Layout Builder is one of the most exciting new features in Drupal 8. It's a site building tool that makes it easier to configure how your content is displayed in Drupal. You can use a drag-and-drop interface to combine fields, nodes, and other content, and actually control the layout used to contain that content.
You can also use it to build landing pages from the ground up: creating custom content blocks and placing them where you want in a layout. I was curious about how content editors would react to the Layout Builder interface, and if they would be able to easily build a landing page in this way. I did a short user test at DrupalCon Seattle and the test subject (an experienced Drupal content editor with a lot of patience) had a hard time figuring out where to start.
That's how this comparative study came about. The goal was to see how content editors use the Layout Builder, in the context of creating landing pages. My colleague Annika Oeser created a script and conducted the user testing, my colleagues Michiel Huiskens and Jigar Mehta set up the configuration in Drupal, and Sean Conner at Charles Shwab helped us recruit volunteers for the study.
A lot of work has gone into the Layout Builder already, and the user interface is undergoing constant improvement. This study specifically addresses the use case of content editors creating landing pages using the Layout Builder.
Using the Layout Builder to add a custom block
To organize the study, we created a mockup of a simple landing page design. Our main instruction was open-ended: asking participants to create the landing page following the design we provided, and then move some of the content to the top of the page.
We had all the study participants do the task using Drupal with the Layout Builder and, as time allowed, also tested how they used WordPress with Gutenberg and Drupal with Paragraphs to give us some benchmarking.
We created three demos sites:
Drupal with the Layout Builder: we configured a landing page content type that has no fields, and the Layout Builder enabled on a per-node basis. The site includes block types to model the content components that appear on the landing page: text, image, call to action.
Drupal with Paragraphs: we configured a landing page content type and Paragraph types for the content components, as well as nested paragraph types like "2-column wrapper" to allow the content editors to build the layout
WordPress Gutenberg: No custom configuration
The design for the sample landing page
As one participant said, "the biggest question is: 'Where do I create content?'"
Although at first, many participants asked themselves what the difference between a Block and a Section is, they were all able to quickly figure out the model of adding Sections. And they found that selecting the layout for a Section was easy.
Interface for adding sections and blocks
Clicking the "Add block" link was obvious to all the participants, and once they found the "Add custom block" link, they had no trouble using this to populate their layout with content. However, along the way, they found a few aspects of the UI confusing:
All the participants observed that "When you go to add [a block], it's confusing to have all these options." The "Add custom block" link gets lost, even though it's at the top of the list.
Once the user selects "Add custom block", they can guess which block type to use, but it would be nice to have a way to explain the difference between the types. Block type names like "Text", "Call to Action", or "Basic Block" are abstract and hard to differentiate.
After adding several custom blocks through the Layout Builder, one user looked for a "Block Library", because he wanted to reuse one of the blocks he had just created.
The list of available block types when adding a block through the Layout Builder.
Editing Blocks
The most common complaint we heard about the block editing interface was about the word "Configure" when editing the content of a block. Content editors look for the word "Edit".
Another thing that content editors found confusing was the "Display title" checkbox next to the title field. Many participants asked "What is [the title] used for if it's not displayed?" In the case of adding custom blocks through the Layout Builder, it seems like the content editor shouldn't have to make this decision. And it would be nice if there was a clear way to indicate to the user what the purpose of this field is if it's not displayed.
Other feedback included:
When editing a block, there's no "Cancel" button, only an "Update" button.
"When I [double-]click on the content of a block, I feel like it should go into edit mode, like MailChimp."
Using this method of having custom block types to construct a landing page, the onus is still on the site builder to configure the fields that are well-labelled and easy for content editors to populate. So we heard feedback like "I would like for the default [text format] to be Full HTML."
Interface for editing a custom block through the Layout Builder
Editing the Layout and Sections
Learning how to use the Layout Builder involves learning new terminology, and how to manipulate the Blocks and Sections. We heard several observations about this experience:
One feedback we heard many times was that the links to "Add section" and "Add block" should look more like buttons. This could be helpful because when the participants tried to drag-and-drop blocks on the page, they tried to move blocks into the "Add section" areas, because these look like part of the layout.
One user noticed that the "Add section" links "interfered" with her layout. Another user said "'Add section' feels intuitively like a place I should be able to put something."
Once a Section is created, it's hard to tell that it's a section, which can add to the initial confusion about the difference between a Block and a Section.
Also, when trying to move content from the bottom to the top of a layout, one participant said "It looks like the sections are movable. But I don't know how to select an entire section."
Findings About the Overall UI
Configuring the permissions for content editors to limit what they can do will be key to making the overall interface less distracting and easier to use. Some specific observations about the overall UI:
One participant clicked on the "Edit the template for all Landing Page content items instead" link. The interfaces are so similar that it wasn't clear to her what had happened and she continued editing as if she were editing a single landing page node.
Having the publishing status more visible on the "Layout" page would be helpful.
Having the "Save" link at the bottom of the "Edit" page, and the "Save Layout" link at the top of the "Layout" page seemed disorienting.
The fact that your default Layout can't be empty means that you have to have one block in the layout when the content editor first clicks on the "Layout" tab. This block prompted some questions and mild confusion from the content editors.
Comparison with Paragraphs and WordPress Gutenberg
When trying to create the same landing page layout with Paragraphs, participants found:
The nested-Paragraphs interface we provided for creating the two-column layout was more confusing and less flexible than the Layout Builder.
The Paragraphs interface is more familiar for someone who is used to working with the Drupal fields. Using Paragraphs was faster for creating and editing content.
One participant observed that "Paragraphs works well if you have simple content, but once the content and layout is complex, then it gets bloated. I would be curious to see how the Layout Builder handles complex content like that."
Comparing WordPress Gutenberg and the Layout Builder:
Participants observed that the two interfaces offer similar features and work in a similar way.
With Gutenberg, some of the styling options are hidden, in order to make the interface more sleek, and this can make it harder to find content editing options.
Gutenberg provides the flexibility of adding a wide variety of types of content to a landing page, while the Layout Builder allows (and requires) the site builder to pre-define the set of block types that can be added.
One of the most interesting things we learned in the study was the workflow that content editors use. One said "I would like to be able to preview my layout before I start adding content to it. Just like a blank template [that I can send as a preview to my colleagues]." I noticed that some participants created the landing page in two rounds: first adding the content, and then doing another round of work to try and get it styled correctly by using the WYSIWYG and changing block types.
By the end of the testing sessions, all the participants were able to easily add/edit blocks. But getting used to the layout tools and figuring out where to go to add custom blocks in the first place was difficult for all of them. I know that controlling the list of available blocks is on the roadmap for the Layout Builder, and I think this will help immensely.
Although all the editors were able to figure out how to use the "Layout" tab, orienting the whole content editing process around the "Layout" tab would be helpful for editors. As one participant observed: "My habit is to go to the "Edit" tab, but all the useful things are in the "Layout" tab."
Terminology is hard to get right, and even harder to change. I think it's hard because what we call things change depending on what role we play. One very observant participant said "the word 'Block' is throwing me. To me, it should be content. When I have my content editor hat on, I'm looking for a link to add content." Likewise, content editors look for the word "Edit" instead of "Configure".
I hope these findings are useful for understanding how content editors think, and will be helpful for improving the UI of the Layout Builder for this use case. I also hope that site builders and developers can use this input create better configuration and documentation as we start to use the Layout Builder on our projects. As one content editor exclaimed at the end of the testing session "I'm excited about this new feature!"
Layout Builder
About the author, Suzanne Dergacheva
Suzanne oversees Evolving’s Web’s design, user experience, and development work. She also provides in-depth Drupal training to clients and thought leadership to the Drupal community.
More articles by Suzanne Dergacheva »
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Interview With Our UX Designer Annika Oeser
Read More about Interview With Our UX Designer Annika Oeser
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This article is about the annual motorcycle endurance race. For the video game, see Suzuka 8 Hours (arcade game).
The Coca-Cola Suzuka 8 hours (鈴鹿8時間耐久ロードレース, Suzuka hachi-jikan taikyū rōdo rēsu, Suzuka 8 hours Endurance Road Race) is a motorcycle endurance race held at the Suzuka Circuit in Japan each year. The race runs for eight hours consecutively and entrants are composed of two or more riders who alternate during pitstops.
Suzuka Circuit
First race
Last race
2 Star riders
3.1 By manufacturer
The race began in 1978 as a race for prototype Tourist Trophy Formula One (TT-F1) motorcycles which meant the big four Japanese companies (Honda, Kawasaki, Suzuki and Yamaha), who had unlimited engineering resources, could use them on the track.[1]
Throughout the years, the race had gone through several rule changes in accordance to the FIM, including the restriction to 750cc for F1 bikes.
One major change for the race came in 1993. Due to the high popularity of Superbike racing, which had been a support class in previous 8 Hours races, the race now centered on superbikes. The Formula One class, which at the time was the pinnacle of the race, would be removed altogether. Another category included in the race is the Naked class (for motorcycles without fairings - similar to the streetfighter bikes).
At the event's peak during the 1980s, the race attracted in excess of 130,000 spectators while presently it attracts a crowd around 85,000. The record attendance figure is 160,000 in 1990.[2] The race is part of the FIM Endurance World Championship for motorcycles and with the exception of 2005, due to the high importance the big four Japanese manufacturers place on the race, the governing bodies set a race date that avoids conflict with any of the other major championship races.
Star ridersEdit
A main attraction of the Suzuka 8 hours race is that it normally features star riders from MotoGP and Superbike racing factions from around the world.[1] It is not uncommon for a rider to have the 8 Hours race written into their contracts when they acquire a factory ride in MotoGP or Superbike. If the rider has notable success in their respective class during the season, they will usually negotiate to have the requirement of racing future 8 Hours races removed from their contract. Most high-level riders don't like racing it because it breaks up their mid-season momentum and because it is physically draining.[1] Michael Doohan is an example of one such rider who raced the 8 Hours early in his career but had his contractual obligations to the race removed following his significant success in 500cc (now MotoGP).
On the other hand, high-level Japanese riders return for the race annually as it is regarded by the Japanese as one of the biggest motorsport events on the calendar. As the Suzuka 8 hours is part of the FIM World Endurance Racing Championship, its priority on the international calendar, along with the off-weeks in the FIM calendar, makes this race one of the most crucial on the schedule.
Until the removal of the Laguna Seca round in MotoGP, from 2003 until 2014, race winners had almost been exclusively Japanese, with only an occasional international-level star in the race, primarily since the Laguna Seca round either conflicted with the 8 Hours or was days after the event. From 2002-2014, only World Superbike stars have participated in the event, and four European riders have won, with the 2013 three-rider team consisting mostly of European riders.
Since Laguna Seca was removed, MotoGP stars have once again participated in the race, as Yamaha has won with Bradley Smith in 2015, along with Katsuyuki Nakasuga, who was a MotoGP rider at the time, and MotoGP rider Pol Espargaró, the 2013 Moto2 champion. Double MotoGP champion Casey Stoner also came out of retirement that year to race for Honda, alongside Michael van der Mark and Takumi Takahashi. His team was leading the race until Stoner crashed out when his throttle stuck open, resulting in a fractured tibia and shoulder for the Australian. Espargaró and Nakasuga (now just a Yamaha test driver in addition to domestic racing in Japan) repeated the feat in 2016 with Alex Lowes as the third rider. Nakasuga won the race third time in a row in 2017 with Alex Lowes and Michael van der Mark, marking him the second driver to win three consecutive endurance races, after Aaron Slight achieved the feat in the 1990s.
WinnersEdit
Kawasaki Racing Team Suzuka 8H
Toprak Razgatlıoğlu Kawasaki Kawasaki Ninja ZX-10RR 216 7:55'36.613
Yamaha Factory Racing Team
Katsuyuki Nakasuga
Alex Lowes
Michael van der Mark Yamaha Yamaha YZF-R1 199 8:00'01.728
2016[3] 21
Pol Espargaro Yamaha Yamaha YZF-R1 218 8:00'40.124
MuSASHi [ja] RT HARC-PRO.
Takumi Takahashi
Michael van der Mark
Leon Haslam Honda CBR1000RRW 172 6:56'13.056
F.C.C. [ja]-TSR [it] Honda
Kousuke Akiyoshi
Tadayuki Okada
Jonathan Rea Honda CBR1000RRW 215 8:01'35.450
Ryuichi Kiyonari
Shinichi Itoh Honda CBR1000RRW 217 8:00'50.922
Takaaki Nakagami Honda CBR1000RRW 215 8:01'13.428
Yoshimura Suzuki [it] with JOMO
Daisaku Sakai [ja]
Kazuki Tokudome
Nobuatsu Aoki Suzuki S-GSX-R1000 183 8:01'59"916
Dream [ja] Honda Racing
Carlos Checa Honda CBR1000RRW 214 8:00'20"726
Yukio Kagayama
Kousuke Akiyoshi Suzuki S-GSX-R1000 216 8:01'35"077
F.C.C. [ja]-TSR [it] ZIP-FM [ja] Racing
Takeshi Tsujimura
Shinichi Itoh Honda CBR1000RRW 214 8:02'07"624
Seven Stars Racing
Tohru Ukawa
Ryuichi Kiyonari Honda CBR1000RRW 204 8:01'22"351
Hitoyasu Izutsu [it] Honda CBR1000RRW 210 8:01'35"115
Team Sakurai Honda
Yukio Nukumi [ja]
Manabu Kamada Honda VTR1000SPW 212 8:00'38"909
Team Cabin [ja] Honda
Daijiro Kato
Colin Edwards Honda VTR1000SPW 219 8:02'04"992
Daijiro Kato Honda VTR1000SPW 215 8:00'31"775
Lucky Strike Honda
Alex Barros Honda RC45 213 8:01'59"918
Lucky Strike Honda & Iwaki
Shinichi Itoh
Tohru Ukawa Honda RC45 212 8:01'54"740
Hori-Pro Honda with HARC
Yamaha Racing Team
Noriyuki Haga Yamaha YZF750 214 8:02'06"411
Team HRC
Aaron Slight
Tadayuki Okada Honda RC45 212 8:00'00"468
Aaron Slight Honda RC45 183 6:52'49"056
Itoham [ja] Racing Kawasaki
Aaron Slight Kawasaki ZXR-7 207 8:01'13"713
Oki Honda Racing Team
Wayne Gardner
Daryl Beattie Honda RVF750 208 8:00'07"117
Mick Doohan Honda RVF750 192 7:59'25"924
Shiseido Tech 21 Racing Team
Tadahiko Taira
Eddie Lawson Yamaha YZF750 205 7:57'35"859
Beams Honda with Ikuzawa
Dominique Sarron
Alex Vieira Honda RVF750 202 7:58'34"328
Team Lucky Strike Roberts
Wayne Rainey Yamaha YZF750 202 8:02'21"384
Martin Wimmer
Kevin Magee Yamaha YZF750 200 8:01'30"045
Dominique Sarron Honda RVF750 197 8:01'30"738
Masaki Tokuno Honda RVF750 195 8:01'40"102
Honda America
Fred Merkel Honda RS750R [it] 191 8:01'30"35
HB Suzuki France [fr]
Hervé Moineau
Richard Hubin Suzuki GS1000R 190 8:02'29"32
Blue Helmet MSC
Shigeo Iijima
Shinji Hagiwara Honda CB900F 120 6:02'55"83
Honda France
David Aldana Honda RS1000 199 8:00'47"12
Yoshimura R&D [it]
Graeme Crosby Suzuki GS1000 200 8:01'03"54
Honda Australia
Tony Hatton
Michael Cole [fr] Honda CB900 197 8:00'23"78
Yoshimura Racing [it]
Mike Baldwin Suzuki GS1000 194 8:02'51"53
By manufacturerEdit
^ a b c West, Phil. "10 reasons to watch the Suzuka 8-hour this weekend". Bennetts UK. Retrieved 2016-11-01.
^ "Suzuka Circuit: Race Information". SuzukaCircuit.com. Archived from the original on February 9, 2005. Retrieved 2007-03-07.
^ "Official race results" (PDF). fimewc.com. Retrieved 26 April 2017.
Suzuka 8 hours Official Website
Suzuka Circuit Website - English version
2009 Suzuka 8 hours results
Suzuka 8 hours - TBS Channel site
Suzuka 8 hours Site
Moto Race Japan year by year results
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Suzuka_8_Hours&oldid=917611758"
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Amazon bans books on gay ‘conversion therapy’. Is the Bible next?
In a very disturbing move, Amazon has removed the books of Dr. Joseph Nicolosi, the psychologist whom critics have dubbed “the father of conversion therapy.” In other words, for claiming that change is possible for those who experience unwanted same-sex attraction, Dr. Nicolosi’s books must be banned. This leads to the logical question: Will Amazon ban the Bible next?
There is no hyperbole here, as Michael L. Brown on LifeSiteNews claims.
After all, it is the Bible that condemns same-sex relationships and the Bible that speaks of those who once practiced homosexuality but do so no more (see 1 Corinthians 6:9-11). These people, today, would be known as “ex-gays.”
And it was Dr. Nicolosi’s life work to help people with unwanted same-sex attractions.
Why, then, should Amazon ban his books but continue to sell the Bible, which provides the theological underpinnings for Dr. Nicolosi’s scientific work?
After all, gay critics of the Bible refer to the so-called “clobber passages,” referring to verses which have been used to speak against homosexual practice. If these verses, then, have brought such harm to the gay community, why shouldn’t the book containing these verses be banned?
Not only so, but there are numerous books on Amazon written by ex-gays, sharing their wonderful stories of transformation. Will their books be banned next?
And what about the books that come to different scientific conclusions than the LGBT activists and their allies? And the books that challenge the goals of LGBT activism in society? And the books that reiterate the Scriptural prohibition of same-sex relationships?
Will those books be banned next?
Healing Homosexuality: Case Stories of Reparative Therapy with author Dr. Joseph Nicolosi
Dr. Nicolosi, Jr. son of Dr. Joseph Nicolosi is the founder of the Reintegrative Therapy Association. A licensed clinical psychologist, he is the clinical director of the for-profit organization, The Breakthrough Clinic, which focuses on addiction disorders through the use of treatments that are faster, more gentle and more effective than most conventional treatments.
Source: lifesitenews.com
TagsAnti-Christian activitiesBiblehomosexualitySecular Agenda
Stand for Christians
'Always' is removing female symbol not to hurt transgender customers
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The Special Relationship (film)
The Special Relationship is a 2010 political film, focusing on British Prime Minister Tony Blair's special relationship with U.S. President Bill Clinton. It is the third film in Peter Morgan's informal "Blair trilogy", following from both The Deal (2003) and The Queen (2006).
Never underestimate the politics of friendship. Blair. Clinton.
1 Bill Clinton
2 Tony Blair
3 Hillary Clinton
4 Jonathan Powell
Bill Clinton[edit]
[to Blair] And don't be surprised if you feel completely, totally overwhelmed when you do get into office. Because in all that time out in the road scrambling and fighting to actually get that job. No one briefs you on what to do when you get there.
No one briefs you on what to do when you get into office.
We build a global consensus throughout our ideals. There's nothing that we can't tackle.
[giving a speech] The IRA has claimed responsibility for what is ultimately an outrageous act of cowardice, and no one should ever make the mistake thinking that actions of this kind represent anything equating to patriotism.
Everyone has decisions to make in life. Their decision is, are they going to be part of the peace process, or not. I hope the answer will be yes.
I am committed to winning this thing.
Losing is not an option.
Until Milosevic does something, we do nothing.
Why don't we step outside for a moment.
What kind of a king begs others to do his fighting for him?
Tony Blair[edit]
We have learned twice before in this century. Appeasement does not work. If we let an evil dictator range and challenge. We will have to spill infinitely more blood, and treasure to stop him later! This is not a battle for territory! It is a battle for Humanity! It is a just cause!
[giving a speech in Chicago] You have seen what was happening in Kosovo can doubt that NATO's military action is justified. And that military action will continue until Milosevic is defeated absolutely. Success is the only exit strategy I am prepared to consider. We are witnessing the beginnings of a new doctrine of international community. Many nations working hand-in-hand, cooperating on issues that confront us all. You are the most powerful country in the world. [Clinton is watching the speech on the TV] Must be difficult occasionally, irritating. The recipient of every demand to be called upon in every crisis. The cry "what's it got to do with us", must be regularly heard on the lips of your people. Yet the nations with the greatest power, have the greatest responsibility. We need you engaged. I say to you: Never fall again for the doctrine of isolationism. The world cannot afford it. And realize that in Britain, you have a friend that will stand with you, and fashion with you the design for a future built on peace and prosperity for all, which is the only dream that makes humanity worth preserving.
[to Cherie] No point being here if we don't do things. Big things.
[on Clinton] I believe in what he's trying to do. What we can do. Together.
I feel I have no option, but to stand by him.
This could be the end of me.
Hillary Clinton[edit]
[to Blair] No, no, no. Bill's right. Because if you don't do it, other people will do it for you.
The best way for us to stop this being personal is to make it political.
[being told about tapes of the Lewinsky affair] That's enough.
Jonathan Powell[edit]
Shouldn't we be thinking about taking a step back?
Infidelity by a president is one thing. Perjury is quite another.
NATO will never commit without Clinton.
Bill Clinton: Mr. Blair, the new dictator of Great Britain.
Tony Blair: Tony please.
Bill Clinton: And don't be surprised if you feel completely, totally overwhelmed when you do get into office. Because in all that time out in the road scrambling and fighting to actually get that job, no one briefs you on what to do when you get there. Though you seem a pretty quick study. I bet your gonna settle in just fine. So we have a few minutes before the press. Did anyone around here tell you to ask about the Moon rock?
Tony Blair: Uh, they did actually.
Bill Clinton: [holds the Moon rock in his hand] 3.6 billion years old. [throws it to him] You know, sometimes when things get stressful around here. I just shut that door, sit on the couch, and hold that rock, and think, "We all just gotta chill a little."
Tony Blair: Suppose you know the awful term "special relationship"?
Bill Clinton: You think this is one of those moments?
Tony Blair: I do actually.
Cherie Blair: You know, Bill Clinton was once asked who was he go to if there was a crisis in the room. He said his wife. Now you'd never say that.
Tony Blair: Yes I would.
Cherie Blair: Rubbish. Whereas their so tight. Such close collaborators. Their effectively running that country together. I think there's something quite romantic about it. Do you know, when he was governor of Arkansaw. The staffers actually referred to them as 'Billary'.
Tony Blair: Billary? [jokingly]What would that make us? Terie.
Bill Clinton: Could I offer one piece of serious advice? If it's not too presumptuous?
Hillary Clinton: Oh, here we go. Tony, can I make a disclaimer here. Please, feel free to ignore him.
Tony Blair: No please, I'd like to hear.
Bill Clinton: Hit the ground running. Now we got off to a bad start, and it's taken us four years to recover. The other thing is to start thinking now about what you want your legacy to be.
Tony Blair: I've been in the office less than a month. You want to work out my legacy?
Hillary Clinton: No, no, no. Bill's right. Because if you don't do it, other people will do it for you. Legacy is reductive. People tend to remember you for one thing. You have to make sure you get ahead and define what that is.
Bill Clinton: Let me just start by saying that it's a real pleasure to welcome Prime Minister Blair here to Washington. Today on the verge of a new century, a new millennium. America is prouder then ever to stand shoulder to shoulder with it's close friend, United Kingdom. It continues a great tradition, and a special relationship between our two countries. [the press begin holding their hands up for questions] Eric!
Eric: Prime Minister, as a friend and as a religious man. I was wondering whether you offered your personal advice to President Clinton during these difficult times of criminal investigation into his sexual behavior?
Tony Blair: That's what in the British media recall helpful questioning. Uh, no. [points to another person] Michael.
Michael: Prime Minister, some people are struck by the warmth of the personal statements of support that you've been giving to the President. Could I ask, had you ever considered that might be a politically risky strategy?
Tony Blair: [pause] You heard the President talking about the special relationship between our two countries, and the great tradition of standing shoulder to shoulder with one another. And I'm reminded of a story from the height of World War II, when Britain desperately needed America's help. It wasn't always certain that they would come to our help, and at one point Harry Hopkins, the emissary to the American President Roosevelt, was sent to Britain. Hopkins said to Churchill, "I suppose you wish to know what I'll be saying to President Roosevelt on my return." Well, he said he would be quoting from a passage from the Bible. "Whither thou goest, I will go. Whither thou lodgest, I will lodge. Thy people, shall be my people, and thy God, my God. Even to the end." You just asked whether my support, my friendship is a politically risky strategy. I've worked with President Clinton for some nine months. I have found him throughout someone I could trust, someone I could rely upon. Someone I am proud to call, not just a colleague, but a friend, and I happen to think that if you look at the American economy. If you look at the respect with which America has held right around the world today. It's a pretty impressive record for anyone.
Journalist: Mr. President, do you appreciate Mr. Blair's support?
Bill Clinton: [jokingly] No.
[they laugh]
Bill Clinton: I think he should've just come over here and jumped all over me. Thank you.
Tony Blair: Politically, I've really stuck my neck out here.
Bill Clinton: Why don't we step outside for a moment.
Bill Clinton: In you go, Senator!
Hillary Clinton: Oh, Bill, for heaven sake's. [laughs]
Bill Clinton: Just practicing, hon. [to Tony and Cherie] Isn't she something. Only First Lady in US history to win elected office.
Michael Sheen - Tony Blair
Dennis Quaid - Bill Clinton
Hope Davis - Hillary Clinton
Helen McCrory - Cherie Blair
Adam Godley - Jonathan Powell
The Special Relationship at HBO.com
The Special Relationship quotes at the Internet Movie Database
The Special Relationship at Rotten Tomatoes
Retrieved from "https://en.wikiquote.org/w/index.php?title=The_Special_Relationship_(film)&oldid=2689551"
Television films
Films set in England
Films set in Washington, D.C.
HBO shows
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Elements of terminology/Lecture
< Elements of terminology
"[T]he main goal of terminology is not to represent concepts in order to manipulate them (as in artificial intelligence) but to define a common vocabulary we hope is consensual."[1] Bold added.
1 Theory of terms
2 Orismology
3 Onomasiology
4 Ontoterminology
Theory of terms[edit]
"[A] theory of terms or terminology should deal with the terminology of a domain in its totality, because it is only with respect to individual domains that the very concept of “term” is consolidated. ... [A] theoretical study of a terminology should be accompanied by the descriptive study of a terminology, for proper descriptive studies are theories of terms."[2]
Def. a "word [or phrase], especially one from a specialised area of knowledge"[3] is called a term.
Orismology[edit]
"Orismology is the defining or explaining of technical terminology. Many examples of orismology can be found on Wikipedia."[4]
"Orismology is a subject that involves the defining or explaining of technical terminology."[5]
"Many examples of orismology can be found in encyclopedias such as Wikipedia."[5]
"Orismology which looks also at the history of the word and its origins, should not be confused with Terminology, which is more focused on the current and immediate interpretation of the word."[6]
"In the terminology, or what, to avoid the barbarism of a word compounded of Latin and Greek, [Kirby and Spence] would beg to call orismology of the science, they have endeavoured to introduce throughout a greater degree of precision and concinnity" in the terms used to talk about insects.[7]
"This approach to naming is particularly applied to disciplines in natural sciences like Kirby and Spence's entomology that depend upon classificatory schemes, such as taxonomies and ontologies, to organize, name, and address their subject matter."[8]
"The definition of terms, especially in the sciences, often is “adjusted” as new knowledge and insights are gained. Such alterations frequently focus attention on slight differences in the desired denotation of words, which, until that new perspective, had previously been absolutely synonymous. The metonymic misusage of words in chemistry and mathematics can have deleterious effects versus the usually inconsequential effect of a similar misusage in common parlance. Two important termsterminology and orismologyare examined, assigning the currently accepted definition of a term in a specific discipline to terminology and the evolutionary history of that term to orismology."[9]
"For example, the drug name penicillin was coined by Alexander Fleming from the Latin for paintbrush which is penicillus. Methicillin, a type of penicillin, gained its name by attaching the stem -cillin from the United States Adopted Names Council's[10] list of stems to a prefix "meth" which has no inherent meaning. The study of penicillin and methicillin individually would be an etymological study of terminology. However, the study of methicillin as its name derived from penicillin historically might best be described as orismologic."[11]
Orismology is the study of the process and the products of definition, in practice, in praxis, and in theory. Orismology is particularly applicable to the analysis and the writing of stipulative, normative definitions that explain and delimit the use of technical terms.
Def. "the explanation of technical terms"[12] is called orismology.
Onomasiology[edit]
Def. a "branch of lexicology concerned with the names of concepts"[13] is called onomasiology.
Ontoterminology[edit]
Main article: Ontoterminology
“Although in the General Theory of Terminology the meaning of a term is a concept, the main goal of terminology is not to represent concepts in order to manipulate them (as in artificial intelligence) but to define a common vocabulary we hope is consensual.”[1]
↑ 1.0 1.1 Christophe Roche, Marie Calberg-Challot, Luc Damas, Philippe Rouard (October 2009). Herold, A., Hicks, A., Rigau, G., & Laparra, E.. ed. Ontoterminology: A new paradigm for terminology, In: International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Ontology Development. Madeira, Portugal. http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00622132/. Retrieved 2012-03-21.
↑ Kyo Kageura (2002). The Dynamics of Terminology A descriptive theory of term formation and terminological growth. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: John Benjamins Publishing Co. p. 322. ISBN 90 272 2328 9. Retrieved 2012-03-21.
↑ Timwi (16 May 2004). term. San Francisco, California: Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Retrieved 12 January 2019.
↑ Espinella (31 May 2007). Orismology. San Francisco, California: Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Retrieved 12 January 2019.
↑ 5.0 5.1 Lam Kin Keung (27 May 2011). Orismology. San Francisco, California: Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Retrieved 12 January 2019.
↑ Rxrunner (20 November 2015). Orismology. San Francisco, California: Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Retrieved 12 January 2019.
↑ Kirby, William and William Spence (1828). An Introduction to Entomology: or, Elements of the Natural History of Insects. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, & Green. Vol. 1, p. xv. and vol. 3, p. 527.
↑ Belastro (9 April 2016). Orismology. San Francisco, California: Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Retrieved 12 January 2019.
↑ Seymour B. Elk (January 19, 1998). "The Distinction between Terminology versus Orismology and Its Application to Mathematical Chemistry". Journal of Chemical Information and Computational Sciences 38 (1): 54-7. doi:10.1021/ci970045s. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ci970045s. Retrieved 12 January 2019.
↑ "United States Adopted Names". Retrieved 2015-11-22.
↑ Dangherous (7 April 2006). orismology. San Francisco, California: Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Retrieved 12 January 2019.
↑ SemperBlotto (22 September 2007). onomasiology. San Francisco, California: Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Retrieved 12 January 2019.
Analytical astronomy
Astrognosy
Becoming an observer
Binary stars and extrasolar planets
Cassiopeia and Ursa Major
Cosmogony
Cratering
Distance to the Moon
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Electron beam heating
Empirical astronomy
Intergalactic medium
International Year of Astronomy
Liquid water on Europa
Locating the Sun
Lunar Boom Town
Lunarpedia
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Neutrinos from the Sun
Polar reversals
Spectrum of Vega
Vertical precession
X-ray classification of a star
X-ray trigonometric parallax
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Scientific terminology
Elements of terminology
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Communication/Lectures
Resources last modified in January 2019
Terminology/Lectures
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Final Rule(1)
Policy(16)
Policy Memos(13)
Farmer/Producer(17)
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SNAP – Updated Federal Trafficking Definition
In February, 2013, the Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) published final regulations revising the definition of trafficking. It subsequently came to our attention that some States were not clear that upon its effective date, Federal law takes precedence and States were expected to implement the new Federal trafficking definition.
Resource | Final Rule
Final Rule: SNAP Trafficking Controls and Fraud Investigations
The Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) is issuing a final rule to amend Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP or Program) regulations to allow state agencies to deny a request for a replacement card until contact is made by the household with the state agency, if the requests for replacement cards are determined to be excessive.
Letter to Mr. Mark Zuckerberg, CEO, Facebook Inc.
Sale or offer to sell SNAP benefits on Facebook.
Letter to Mr. John Donahoe, CEO, eBay Inc.
This letter is to follow-up on conversations the Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Office of General Counsel had with your legal team in 2010, in which we requested that eBay post a notice regarding the illegality of selling Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits on its website and/or that SNAP benefits be added to its prohibited items list.
Letter to Mr. Buckmaster, CEO, Craiglist
This letter is to follow-up on our earlier correspondence, dated August 17, 2011, in which we requested that Craigslist post a notice regarding the illegality of selling Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits on its website and/or that SNAP benefits be added to its prohibited items list.
Proposed Rule: SNAP Trafficking Controls and Fraud Investigations
The Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) is proposing to amend Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP or Program) regulations at 7 CFR 274.6 to allow state agencies to deny a request for a replacement card until contact is made with the state agency, if the requests for replacement cards are determined to be excessive.
Letter to Mr. Dick Costolo, CEO, Twitter Inc.
Request for assistance on the sale or offer to sell of SNAP benefits in public and online.
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Mortality and Malnutrition Among Populations Living in South Darfur, Sudan: Results of 3 Surveys, September 2004.
mortality.pdf
Grandesso, F
Sanderson, F
Kruijt, J
Koene, T
Brown, V
Epicentre, Paris, France.
JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association
CONTEXT: Mass violence against civilians in the west of Sudan has resulted in the displacement of more than 1.5 million people (25% of the population of the Darfur region). Most of these people are camped in 142 settlements. There has been increasing international concern about the health status of the displaced population. OBJECTIVE: To perform rapid epidemiological assessments of mortality and nutritional status at 3 sites in South Darfur for relief efforts. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: In August and September 2004, mortality surveys were conducted among 137,000 internally displaced persons (IDPs) in 3 sites in South Darfur (Kass [n = 900 households], Kalma [n = 893 households], and Muhajiria [n = 900 households]). A nutritional survey was performed concomitantly among children aged 6 to 59 months using weight for height as an index of acute malnutrition (Kass [n = 894], Kalma [n = 888], and Muhajiria [n = 896]). A questionnaire detailing access to food and basic services was administered to a subset of households (n = 210 in each site). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Crude and under 5-year mortality rates and nutritional status of IDPs in Kass, Kalma, and Muhajiria, South Darfur. RESULTS: Crude mortality rates, expressed as deaths per 10,000 per day, were 3.2 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.2-4.1) in Kass, 2.0 (95% CI, 1.3-2.7) in Kalma, and 2.3 (95% CI, 1.2-3.4) in Muhajiria. Under 5-year mortality rates were 5.9 (95% CI, 3.8-8.0) in Kass, 3.5 (95% CI, 1.5-5.7) in Kalma, and 1.0 (95% CI, 0.03-1.9) in Muhajiria. During the period of displacement covered by our survey in Muhajiria, violence was reported to be responsible for 72% of deaths, mainly among young men. Diarrheal disease was reported to cause between 25% and 47% of deaths in camp residents and mainly affected the youngest and oldest age groups. Acute malnutrition was common, affecting 14.1% of the target population in Kass, 23.6% in Kalma, and 10.7% in Muhajiria. CONCLUSION: This study provides epidemiological evidence of the high rates of mortality and malnutrition among the displaced population in South Darfur and reinforces the need to mount appropriate and timely humanitarian responses.
10.1001/jama.293.12.1490
http://jama.ama-assn.org/
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GeoPark Limited Announces Fourth Quarter and Full-Year Results Ended December 31, 2018
Business Wire March 6, 2019
Record-Breaking Oil and Gas Results:
Production, Reserves, and Net Asset Value
Record-Breaking Financial Results:
Revenues, Profits, Adjusted EBITDA and Cash Flow
GeoPark Limited (“GeoPark” or the “Company”) (GPRK), a leading independent Latin American oil and gas explorer, operator and consolidator with operations and growth platforms in Colombia, Peru, Argentina, Brazil, and Chile reports its consolidated financial results for the three-month period ended December 31, 2018 (“Fourth Quarter” or “4Q2018”) and its audited annual results for 2018. A conference call to discuss 4Q2018 financial results will be held on March 7, 2019 at 9:00 am Eastern Standard Time.
All figures are expressed in US Dollars and growth comparisons refer to the same period of the prior year, except when specified. Definitions and terms used herein are provided in the Glossary at the end of this document. This release does not contain all of the Company’s financial information. As a result, this release should be read in conjunction with consolidated financial statements and the notes to those statements for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 available on the Company’s website.
FOURTH QUARTER AND FULL-YEAR 2018 HIGHLIGHTS
Record Oil and Gas Production
Consolidated oil and gas production up 26% to 38,741 boepd / Annual average production up 31% to 36,027 boepd
Oil production increased by 30% to 32,859 bopd
Gross operated production in the Llanos 34 block (GeoPark operated, 45% WI) in Colombia surpassed the 70,000 bopd milestone
Record Reserves and Net Asset Value
Net proven developed producing (PDP) reserves of 44.2 mmboe, net 1P reserves of 113.9 mmboe, net 2P reserves of 183.7 mmboe and net 3P reserves of 347.0 mmboe
1P NPV10 of $1.8 billion, equivalent to Net debt adjusted NPV10 of $25 per share
Record Top and Bottom Lines
4Q2018 Revenues of $151.2 million / Full-year record Revenues of $601.2 million
4Q2018 Net Profit of $42.6 million / Full-year record Net Profit of $102.7 million
4Q2018 Adjusted EBITDA of $85.7 million / Full-year record Adjusted EBITDA of $330.6 million
4Q2018 Cash Flow from Operating Activities of $77.8 million / Full-year record Cash Flow from Operating Activities of $256.2 million
4Q2018 free cash flow1 of $43.9 million / Full-year record free cash flow of $131.5 million
2018 record Earnings per share of $1.19
Capital Efficiency and Strong Balance Sheet
$127.7 million cash in hand
Net debt to Adjusted EBITDA ratio of 1x
2018 Capital investment program of $124.7 million generated $454 million increase in 2P NPV10
Best-in-class consolidated Finding and Development costs (F&D) of $3.6/boe for 2P reserves, $2.9/boe for 2P reserves in Colombia
Value-Adding Acquisition
Accretive acquisition of LGI’s 20% equity interest in GeoPark’s Colombian and Chilean subsidiaries for $111 million, the equivalent of $2 per share generated an estimated 2P NPV10 of $4 per share in 2018
Portfolio strengthening by divestment of high-cost, non-core La Cuerva and Yamu Colombian assets for up to $20 million
Returning Value to Shareholders
Share buyback program in place since December 2018 to repurchase up to 10% of shares outstanding
Best performing2 independent upstream oil & gas company on the NYSE for two years in a row (2017-2018)
James F. Park, Chief Executive Officer of GeoPark said: "Many thanks and congratulations to the GeoPark women and men for a year of tremendous results across the board. Double digit plus increases in production, reserves, EBITDA, free cash flow, net present value, and net asset value per share. Belt-tightening decreases in capital and operating costs and debt leverage ratio. Leading-the-pack improvements in safety, environmental, employee and community performance. Opportunity expansion with growing acreage, exploration resources, and new project inventory - with increased capabilities and know-how across our operating base. And big market rewards by being the number one performing E&P stock on the NYSE for the second year in a row. But most important is to place these achievements within the context of our continuous through 'thick-and-thin' 16-year growth track record and what is coming next. We feel we are just picking up steam - and the GeoPark team has proven it can and will continue to deliver big."
CONSOLIDATED OPERATING PERFORMANCE
Key Indicators 4Q2018 3Q2018 4Q2017 FY2018 FY2017
Oil productiona (bopd)
Gas production (mcfpd) 35,288 35,690 31,876 33,474 28,950
Average net production (boepd) 38,741 37,214 30,654 36,027 27,586
Brent oil price ($ per bbl) 68.0 76.0 61.5 71.6 54.8
Combined price ($ per boe) 44.7 51.4 39.7 48.2 34.6
⁻ Oil ($ per bbl) 49.0 57.0 43.0 53.0 36.6
⁻ Gas ($ per mcf) 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.1 5.3
Sale of crude oil ($ million) 136.6 152.2 92.2 545.5 279.1
Sale of gas ($ million) 14.6 14.6 14.1 55.7 51.0
Revenue ($ million) 151.2 166.8 106.3 601.2 330.1
Commodity risk management contracts ($ million) 32.0 -0.6 -18.4 16.2 -15.4
Production & operating costsb ($ million) -46.7 -48.7 -30.5 -174.3 -99.0
G&G, G&Ac and Selling expenses ($ million) -19.9 -17.5 -14.8 -70.0 -50.9
Adjusted EBITDA ($ million) 85.7 98.2 55.2 330.6 175.8
Adjusted EBITDA ($ per boe) 25.3 30.3 20.6 26.5 18.4
Operating Netback ($ per boe) 31.0 35.1 26.1 31.9 23.9
Profit (loss) ($ million) 42.6 29.7 -3.4 102.7 -17.8
Capital expenditures ($ million) 33.8 33.2 25.3 124.7 105.6
Argentina acquisition ($ million) - - - 48.9 -
Cash and cash equivalents ($ million) 127.7 152.7 134.8 127.7 134.8
Short-term financial debt ($ million) 18.0 15.8 7.7 18.0 7.7
Long-term financial debt ($ million) 429.0 419.1 418.5 429.0 418.5
Net debt ($ million) 319.3 282.2 291.4 319.3 291.4
a) Includes government royalties paid in-kind in Colombia for approximately 1,181, 1,175 and 884 bopd in 4Q2018, 3Q2018 and 4Q2017 respectively. No royalties were paid in-kind in Chile, Brazil and Argentina.
b) Production and operating costs include operating costs and royalties paid in cash.
c) G&A expenses include non-cash share-based payments for $1.3 million, $1.3 million and $0.7 million, respectively. These expenses are excluded from the Adjusted EBITDA calculation.
Production: Overall oil and gas production grew by 26% to 38,741 boepd in 4Q2018 from 30,654 boepd in 4Q2017, due to increased production in Colombia and new production from acquisitions in Argentina. Oil represented 85% of total reported production compared to 83% in 4Q2017.
For further details, please refer to the 4Q2018 Operational Update published on January 16, 2019.
Reference and Realized Oil Prices: Brent crude oil prices averaged $68.0 per bbl during 4Q2018, an 11% increase over 4Q2017 levels. Consolidated realized oil sales price averaged $49.0 per bbl in 4Q2018, a 14% increase from $43.0 per bbl in 4Q2017. Differences between reference and realized prices reflect commercial and transportation discounts as well as the Vasconia marker discount, which averaged $5.4 per bbl in 4Q2018, compared to $4.0 in 4Q2017. Commercial and transportation discounts in Colombia averaged $14.6 in 4Q2018, compared to $14.9 per bbl in 4Q2017.
In Colombia, construction of the flowline connecting the Llanos 34 block to the Oleoducto de los Llanos (ODL), one of Colombia’s principal pipelines, is in the final stage of commissioning. The project will support future production growth and will reduce transportation and operating costs.
The table below provides a breakdown of reference and net realized oil prices in Colombia, Chile and Argentina in 4Q2018:
4Q2018 - Realized Oil Prices
($ per bbl)
Colombia Chile Argentina
Brent oil price 68.0 68.0 68.0
Vasconia differential (5.4) - -
Commercial and transportation discounts (14.6) (8.2) -
- - (6.2)
Realized oil price 48.0 59.8 61.8
Weight on oil sales mix 93% 2% 5%
Revenue: Consolidated revenues increased by 42% to $151.2 million in 4Q2018, compared to $106.3 million in 4Q2017. Higher realized prices and additional deliveries increased revenues.
Sales of crude oil: Consolidated oil revenues increased by 48% to $136.6 million in 4Q2018, driven by a 14% increase in realized oil prices and a 30% increase in deliveries. Oil revenues were 90% of total revenues compared to 87% in 4Q2017.
Colombia: In 4Q2018, oil revenues increased by 41% to $123.1 million as realized prices of $48.0 per bbl were 14% higher and oil deliveries increased by 25% to 29,145 bopd. Colombian earn-out payments to the original owners of Llanos 34 are deducted from oil revenues. They increased to $5.4 million in 4Q2018, compared to $3.7 million in 4Q2017, in line with higher oil revenues and increased production.
Chile: In 4Q2018, oil revenues decreased by 11% to $3.9 million, due to lower volumes sold which were partially offset by higher oil prices. Oil deliveries decreased by 21% to 709 bopd due to the natural decline of the fields whereas oil prices increased by 13% to $59.8 per bbl, in line with higher Brent prices.
Argentina: In 4Q2018, oil revenues were $9.3 million, with $61.8 realized oil prices and deliveries of 1,631 bopd, all from the Aguada Baguales, El Porvenir and Puesto Touquet blocks (GeoPark operated, 100% WI).
Sales of gas: Consolidated gas revenues increased by 4% to $14.6 million in 4Q2018 compared to $14.1 million in 4Q2017, driven by an 8% increase in gas deliveries offsetting the 4% gas price decline.
Chile: In 4Q2018, gas revenues increased by 31% to $5.8 million reflecting higher gas prices and higher deliveries. Gas prices were 24% higher, or $5.6 per mcf ($33.6 per boe) in 4Q2018. The Jauke gas field discovery during 3Q2018 increased gas deliveries by 6% to 11,227 mcfpd (1,871 boepd).
Brazil: In 4Q2018, gas revenues decreased by 26% to $6.9 million, due to both lower gas prices and deliveries. Gas prices decreased by 15% to $4.8 per mcf ($28.8 per boe), in line with a 17% average devaluation of the local currency. Higher hydroelectric supply to the energy grid reduced gas deliveries by 13% to 15,658 mcfpd (2,610 boepd).
Argentina: In 4Q2018, gas revenues were $1.4 million, resulting from realized gas prices of $4.0 per mcf ($24.2 per boe) and deliveries of 3,787 mcfpd (631 boepd), from the acquired blocks in Argentina.
Commodity Risk Management Contracts: Consolidated commodity risk management contracts registered a realized cash gain of $1.2 million in 4Q2018 compared to a $5.8 million loss in 4Q2017. Unrealized gains amounted to $30.8 million in 4Q2018 compared to a $12.6 million loss in 4Q2017, resulting from a significant decrease in the forward Brent oil price curve. The Company uses risk management contracts to minimize the impact of oil price fluctuations on its work program.
Production and Operating Costs4: Consolidated operating costs per boe were $8.3 in 4Q2018, slightly lower than the $8.4 per boe in 3Q2018, but higher than the $7.3 per boe in 4Q2017 due to the new blocks in Argentina which have higher costs per boe.
Consolidated operating costs increased by $8.6 million to $28.2 million in 4Q2018 compared to $19.6 million in 4Q2017. The majority of the increase is explained by the acquisition in Argentina. Breakdown of operating cost is as follow:
Colombia: Operating costs per boe decreased by 18% to $5.0 in 4Q2018 compared to $6.1 in 4Q2017. Total operating costs increased by 2% to $13.9 million and volumes delivered increased by 25%.
Chile: Intensified well intervention activities to enhance production increased operating costs per boe by 23% to $26.2 in 4Q2018 compared to $21.3 in 4Q2017. Total operating costs increased by 19% to $6.2 million in 4Q2018 from $5.2 million in 4Q2017.
Brazil: Operating costs per boe increased by 44% to $4.9 in 4Q2018 compared to $3.4 in 4Q2017. Total operating costs increased by 40% to $1.4 million in 4Q2018 from $1.0 million in 4Q2017. The 4Q2017 costs were artificially low due to the one-time recovery of maintenance costs in Manati.
Argentina: Operating costs per boe increased by 11% to $34.4 in 4Q2018 compared to $30.0 in 3Q2018. Total operating costs increased to $7.2 million in 4Q2018 from $6.3 million in 3Q2018. The 4Q2018 costs were higher as they reflected a full quarter of a secondary recovery optimization project and pulling activities, compared to a partial quarter, as activities initiated in August 2018.
Consolidated royalties increased by $7.5 million to $18.2 million in 4Q2018 compared to $10.7 million in 4Q2017, due to increased volumes and oil prices.
Selling Expenses: Consolidated selling expenses increased by $0.9 million to $1.2 million in 4Q2018 compared to $0.3 million in 4Q2017. The increase in 4Q2018 mainly corresponds to transportation costs and sales taxes in the Aguada Baguales, El Porvenir and Puesto Touquet blocks in Argentina.
Administrative Expenses: Consolidated G&A costs per boe increased by 5% to $3.9 in 4Q2018 compared to $3.7 in 4Q2017. Total consolidated G&A was $14.6 million in 4Q2018 compared to $10.6 million in 4Q2017.
Geological & Geophysical Expenses: Consolidated G&G costs per boe decreased to $1.7 in 4Q2018 compared to $1.8 in 4Q2017. Total consolidated G&G expenses increased to $4.0 million in 4Q2018 compared to $3.9 million in 4Q2017.
Adjusted EBITDA: Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA5 surged by 55% to $85.7 million, or $25.3 per boe, in 4Q2018 compared to $55.2 million, or $20.6 per boe, in 4Q2017.
Colombia: Adjusted EBITDA of $85.6 million in 4Q2018
Chile: Adjusted EBITDA of $1.5 million in 4Q2018
Brazil: Adjusted EBITDA of $4.3 million in 4Q2018
Argentina: Adjusted EBITDA of $0.7 million in 4Q2018
Corporate and Peru: Adjusted EBITDA of negative $6.4 million in 4Q2018
The table below shows production, volumes sold and the breakdown of the most significant components of Adjusted EBITDA for 4Q2018 and 4Q2017, on a per country and per boe basis:
Adjusted EBITDA/boe Colombia Chile Brazil Argentina Total
4Q18 4Q17 4Q18 4Q17 4Q18 4Q17 4Q18 4Q17 4Q18 4Q17
Production (boepd) 30,641 24,378 2,823 2,932 2,894 3,328 2,383 - 38,741 30,654
Stock variation /RIKa (1,369) (1,004) (243) (258) (244) (285) (120) - (1,977) (1,593)
Sales volume (boepd) 29,272 23,374 2,580 2,674 2,650 3,043 2,263 - 36,674 29,091
% Oil 99.6% 99.6% 27% 34% 2% 1% 72% - 86% 83%
($ per boe)
Realized oil price 48.0 42.6 59.8 53.1 77.6 68.0 61.8 - 49.0 43.0
Realized gas priceb 39.8 30.8 33.6 27.1 28.8 34.0 24.2 - 30.2 31.4
Earn-out (2.1) (1.8) - - - - - - (1.9) (1.4)
Combined Price 45.9 40.8 40.8 35.9 29.6 34.5 51.3 - 44.7 39.7
Realized commodity risk management contracts 0.5 2.7 - - - - - - 0.4 2.2
Operating costs (5.0) (6.1) (26.2) (21.3) (5.9) (3.4) (34.4) - (8.3) (7.3)
Royalties in cash (5.8) (4.4) (1.6) (1.4) (2.9) (3.3) (7.3) - (5.4) (4.0)
Selling & other expenses (0.2) (0.0) (0.5) (0.7) - - (3.5) - (0.4) (0.1)
Operating Netback/boe 35.4 27.6 12.5 12.4 20.9 27.8 6.1 - 31.0 26.1
G&A, G&G, & other (5.7) (5.5)
Adjusted EBITDA/boe 25.3 20.6
a) RIK (Royalties in kind). Includes royalties paid in kind in Colombia for approximately 1,181 and 881 bopd in 4Q2018 and 4Q2017 respectively. No royalties were paid in kind in Chile, Brazil or Argentina.
b) Conversion rate of $mcf/$boe=1/6.
Depreciation: Consolidated depreciation charges increased by 21% to $23.9 million in 4Q2018, compared to $19.8 million in 4Q2017, due to increased volumes. However, on a per barrel basis, depreciation costs decreased by 4% to $7.1 per boe due to drilling successes and increased reserves.
Write-off of Unsuccessful Exploration Efforts: Consolidated write-off of unsuccessful exploration efforts were $11.8 million in 4Q2018 compared to $1.1 million in 4Q2017. Amounts recognized in 4Q2018 correspond to the write-off of three wells: one well in Colombia, the Zamuro exploration prospect, and two wells in Argentina, in the Puelen block. Other exploration costs incurred in prior periods in Chile, Colombia and Brazil.
Impairment of Non-Financial Assets: Consolidated non-cash gain of $5.0 million in 4Q2018 compared to zero in 4Q2017. Amounts recognized in 4Q2018 correspond to the reversal of impairment losses recognized in previous years in the La Cuerva and Yamu blocks, partially offset by non-cash impairment losses recorded in the Tierra del Fuego blocks in Chile. For further details, please refer to Note 36 of GeoPark’s consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2018, available on the Company’s website.
Other Income (Expenses): Other operating expenses amounted to $2.3 million in 4Q2018, compared to $2.7 million in 4Q2017.
CONSOLIDATED NON-OPERATING RESULTS AND PROFIT FOR THE PERIOD
Financial Expenses: Net financial expenses increased to $10.3 million in 4Q2018, compared to $8.2 million in 4Q2017.
Foreign Exchange: Net foreign exchange charges amounted to a $6.6 million gain in 4Q2018 compared to a $3.6 million loss in 4Q2017. GeoPark’s Brazilian subsidiary cancelled its existing US dollar-denominated intercompany debt in October 2018, thus recording foreign exchange gains (as the Real appreciated in October compared to September 2018). As a result, GeoPark’s Brazilian subsidiary significantly reduced its exposure to foreign exchange currency fluctuations.
Income Tax: Income tax expenses were $37.2 million in 4Q2018 compared to $10.7 million in 4Q2017, in line with a significant increase in operating profits.
Profit: Profit increased by $46.0 million to a gain of $42.6 million in 4Q2018 compared to a $3.4 million loss in 4Q2017.
Cash and Cash Equivalents: Cash and cash equivalents totaled $127.7 million as of December 31, 2018 compared to $134.8 million a year earlier. The difference reflects cash used in investing activities of $164.6 million and cash used in financing activities of $97.6 million, partially offset by cash generated from operating activities of $256.2 million.
Cash used in investing activities of $164.6 million includes $48.9 million related to the acquisition of the Aguada Baguales, El Porvenir and Puesto Touquet blocks in Argentina in 1Q2018 and $124.7 million organic capital expenditures related to development, appraisal and exploration activities. These investments allowed GeoPark to increase reserves with low consolidated Finding and Development costs (F&D) of $3.6/boe for 2P reserves (or $2.9/boe for 2P reserves in Colombia).
Cash used in financing activities of $97.6 million includes the acquisition of the LGI non-controlling interest in Colombia and Chile’s equity interest for $81.0 million.
Cash flow from operating activities of $256.2 million was net of $67.7 million related to cash income taxes paid during 2Q2018, predominantly from Colombia.
Financial Debt: Total financial debt net of issuance cost was $447.0 million, including the $425 million 2024 notes (“2024 Notes”) and other bank loans totaling $20.0 million. Short-term financial debt was $18.0 million as of December 31, 2018.
For further details, please refer to Note 27 of GeoPark’s consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2018, available on the Company’s website.
FINANCIAL RATIOSa
($ million)
At period-
Cash and Cash
Net Debt/LTM
Adj. EBITDAb
LTM Interest
Coveragec
4Q2017 426.2 134.8 291.4 1.7x 6.3x
3Q2018 434.9 152.7 282.2 0.9x 10.5x
a) Based on trailing LTM financial results.
Covenants in 2024 Notes: The 2024 Notes include incurrence test covenants that require the net debt to Adjusted EBITDA ratio to be lower than 3.5 times and the Adjusted EBITDA to interest ratio higher than two times until September 2019. The Company is compliant with all covenants.
COMMODITY RISK OIL MANAGEMENT CONTRACTS
The Company has the following commodity risk management contracts (reference ICE Brent) in place as of the date of this release:
Period Type
(bopd)
Contract terms ($ per bbl)
Purchased Put Sold Put Sold Call
Zero cost 3-way 4,000
1Q2019 Zero cost 3-way 6,000 60.0 50.0 97.0-97.1
Zero cost 5,000 65.0 55.0 90.0-90.5
Total: 15,000 65.0 - 92.3-92.5
2Q2019 Zero cost 5,000 65.0 55.0 90.0-90.5
3Q2019 Zero cost 5,000
Total: 5,000 65.0 - 92.3-92.5
For further details, please refer to Note 8 of GeoPark’s consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2018, available on the Company’s website.
SELECTED INFORMATION BY BUSINESS SEGMENT
Colombia 4Q2018 4Q2017
Sale of crude oil ($ million) 123.1 87.5
Sale of gas ($ million) 0.5 0.2
Revenue ($ million) 123.6 87.7
Production and operating costsa ($ million) -29.2 -22.6
Adjusted EBITDA ($ million) 85.6 51.6
Capital expendituresb ($ million) 27.8 19.4
Chile 4Q2018 4Q2017
Sale of crude oil ($ million) 3.9 4.4
Revenue ($ million) 9.7 8.8
Production and operating costsa ($ million) -6.7 -5.6
Adjusted EBITDA ($ million) 1.5 1.1
Capital expendituresb ($ million) 1.2 1.4
Brazil 4Q2018 4Q2017
Argentina 4Q2018 4Q2017
Sale of crude oil ($ million) 9.3 -
Sale of gas ($ million) 1.4 -
Revenue ($ million) 10.7 -
Production and operating costsa ($ million) -8.7 -
Adjusted EBITDA ($ million) 0.7 -
Capital expendituresb ($ million) 1.2 -
a) Production and operating costs = Operating costs + Royalties.
b) The difference with the reported figure in Key performance indicators table corresponds mainly to capital expenditures in Peru.
(QUARTERLY INFORMATION UNAUDITED)
(In millions of $) 4Q2018 4Q2017 FY2018 FY2017
Sale of crude oil 136.6 92.2 545.5 279.1
Sale of gas 14.6 14.1 55.7 51.0
TOTAL REVENUE 151.2 106.3 601.2 330.1
Commodity risk management contracts 32.0 -18.4 16.2 -15.4
Production and operating costs -46.7 -30.5 -174.3 -99.0
Geological and geophysical expenses (G&G) -4.0 -3.9 -14.0 -7.7
Administrative expenses (G&A) -14.6 -10.6 -52.1 -42.1
Selling expenses -1.2 -0.3 -4.0 -1.1
Depreciation -23.9 -19.8 -92.2 -74.9
Write-off of unsuccessful exploration efforts -11.8 -1.1 -26.4 -5.8
Impairment for non-financial assets 5.0 - 5.0 -
Other operating -2.3 -2.7 -2.9 -5.1
OPERATING PROFIT 83.5 19.1 256.5 79.0
Financial costs, net
-8.2 -36.3 -51.5
Foreign exchange loss 6.6 -3.6 -11.3 -2.2
PROFIT BEFORE INCOME TAX 79.7 7.3 208.9 25.3
Income tax -37.2 -10.7 -106.2 -43.1
PROFIT (LOSS) FOR THE PERIOD 42.6 -3.4 102.7 -17.8
Non-controlling minority interest 9.3 1.1 30.3 6.4
ATTRIBUTABLE TO OWNERS OF GEOPARK 33.3 -4.5 72.4 -24.2
SUMMARIZED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION
(In millions of $) Dec '18 Dec '17
Non-Current Assets
Property, plant and equipment 557.2 517.4
Other non-current assets 45.8 53.8
Total Non-Current Assets 603.0 571.2
Inventories 9.3 5.7
Trade receivables 16.2 19.5
Other current assets 106.5 54.9
Cash at bank and in hand 127.7 134.8
Total Current Assets 259.7 215.0
Total Assets 862.7 786.2
Equity attributable to owners of GeoPark 143.1 84.9
Non-controlling interest - 41.9
Total Equity 143.1 126.8
Borrowings 429.0 418.5
Other non-current liabilities 72.2 74.5
Total Non-Current Liabilities 501.2 493.0
Borrowings 18.0 7.7
Other current liabilities 200.4 158.6
Total Current Liabilities 218.4 166.3
Total Liabilities and Equity 862.7 786.2
SUMMARIZED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOW
Cash flow from operating activities 77.8 24.8 256.2 142.2
Cash flow used in investing activities -24.8 -25.3 -164.6 -105.6
Cash flow (used in) from financing activities
-76.9 -2.5 -97.6 24.0
RECONCILIATION OF ADJUSTED EBITDA TO PROFIT BEFORE INCOME TAX
2018 (In millions of $) Colombia Chile Brazil Argentina Other(a) Total
Adjusted EBITDA 319.4 8.8 17.9 4.6 -20.1 330.6
Depreciation -42.7 -28.2 -10.4 -10.6 -0.3 -92.2
Unrealized commodity risk management contracts 42.3 - - - - 42.3
Write-off of unsuccessful exploration efforts & impairment -6.1 -12.7 -2.0 -0.6 - -21.4
Share based payment -0.9 -0.4 -0.1 -0.7 -3.3 -5.4
Others -2.6 3.4 -1.0 0.6 2.2 2.6
OPERATING PROFIT (LOSS) 309.4 -29.1 4.4 -6.7 -21.5 256.5
Financial costs, net -36.3
Foreign exchange charges, net -11.3
PROFIT BEFORE INCOME TAX 208.9
Adjusted EBITDA 168.3 4.1 20.2 -2.2 -14.6 175.8
Depreciation -40.0 -23.7 -10.8 -0.2 -0.2 -74.9
Unrealized commodity risk management contracts -13.3 - - - - -13.3
Write-off of unsuccessful exploration efforts & impairment -1.6 -0.5 -3.0 -0.7 - -5.8
Others 3.4 0.8 -1.8 0.1 -1.1 1.3
OPERATING PROFIT (LOSS) 116.3 -19.7 4.4 -3.4 -18.6 79.0
Foreign exchange charges, net -2.2
PROFIT BEFORE INCOME TAX 25.3
(a) Includes Peru and Corporate.
FREE CASH FLOW RECONCILIATION
(In millions of $) 4Q2018 FY2018
Cash flow from operating activities 77.8 256.2
Cash flow used in investing activities -24.8 -164.6
Subtotal 53.0 91.6
Argentina acquisition6
Proceeds from disposal of Long-term assets6 7
-9.0 -9.0
Free Cash Flow 43.9 131.5
GeoPark management will host a conference call on March 7, 2019 at 9:00 am (Eastern Standard Time) to discuss these 4Q2018 financial results. To listen to the call, participants can access the webcast located in the Investor Support section of the Company’s website at www.geo-park.com.
Interested parties may participate in the conference call by dialing the numbers provided below:
United States Participants: 866-547-1509
International Participants: +1 920-663-6208
Passcode: 4069004
Please allow extra time prior to the call to visit the website and download any streaming media software that might be required to listen to the webcast.
An archive of the webcast replay will be made available in the Investor Support section of the Company’s website at www.geo-park.com after the conclusion of the live call.
GeoPark can be visited online at www.geo-park.com
Adjusted EBITDA is defined as profit for the period before net finance costs, income tax, depreciation, amortization, certain non-cash items such as impairments and write-offs of unsuccessful efforts, accrual of share-based payments, unrealized results on commodity risk management contracts and other non-recurring events
Adjusted EBITDA per boe Adjusted EBITDA divided by total boe deliveries
Operating Netback per boe
Revenue, less production and operating costs (net of depreciation charges and accrual of stock options and stock awards), selling expenses, and realized results on commodity risk management contracts, divided by total boe deliveries. Operating Netback is equivalent to Adjusted EBITDA net of cash expenses included in Administrative, Geological and Geophysical and Other operating costs
Bbl Barrel
Boe Barrels of oil equivalent
Boepd Barrels of oil equivalent per day
Bopd Barrels of oil per day
CEOP Contrato Especial de Operacion Petrolera (Special Petroleum Operations Contract)
D&M DeGolyer and MacNaughton
Operating cash flow less cash flow used in investment activities excluding Argentina acquisition and cash advances from La Cuerva and Yamu
F&D costs
Finding and Development costs, calculated as capital expenditures divided by the applicable net reserve additions before changes in Future Development Capital
Mboe Thousand barrels of oil equivalent
Mmbo Million barrels of oil
Mmboe Million barrels of oil equivalent
Mcfpd Thousand cubic feet per day
Mmcfpd Million cubic feet per day
Mm3/day Thousand cubic meters per day
PRMS Petroleum Resources Management System
SPE Society of Petroleum Engineers
WI Working interest
NPV10 Present value of estimated future oil and gas revenues, net of estimated direct expenses, discounted at an annual rate of 10%
Sqkm Square kilometers
Additional information about GeoPark can be found in the “Investor Support” section on the website at www.geo-park.com.
Rounding amounts and percentages: Certain amounts and percentages included in this press release have been rounded for ease of presentation. Percentage figures included in this press release have not in all cases been calculated on the basis of such rounded figures, but on the basis of such amounts prior to rounding. For this reason, certain percentage amounts in this press release may vary from those obtained by performing the same calculations using the figures in the financial statements. In addition, certain other amounts that appear in this press release may not sum due to rounding.
This press release contains certain oil and gas metrics, including information per share, Operating Netback, reserve life index, and others, which do not have standardized meanings or standard methods of calculation and therefore such measures may not be comparable to similar measures used by other companies. Such metrics have been included herein to provide readers with additional measures to evaluate the Company's performance; however, such measures are not reliable indicators of the future performance of the Company and future performance may not compare to the performance in previous periods.
CAUTIONARY STATEMENTS RELEVANT TO FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION
This press release contains statements that constitute forward-looking statements. Many of the forward- looking statements contained in this press release can be identified by the use of forward-looking words such as ‘‘anticipate,’’ ‘‘believe,’’ ‘‘could,’’ ‘‘expect,’’ ‘‘should,’’ ‘‘plan,’’ ‘‘intend,’’ ‘‘will,’’ ‘‘estimate’’ and ‘‘potential,’’ among others.
Forward-looking statements that appear in a number of places in this press release include, but are not limited to, statements regarding the intent, belief or current expectations, regarding various matters, including expected 2018 production growth and operating and financial performance, Operating Netback per boe and capital expenditures plan. Forward-looking statements are based on management’s beliefs and assumptions, and on information currently available to the management. Such statements are subject to risks and uncertainties, and actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements due to various factors.
Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and the Company does not undertake any obligation to update them in light of new information or future developments or to release publicly any revisions to these statements in order to reflect later events or circumstances, or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. For a discussion of the risks facing the Company which could affect whether these forward-looking statements are realized, see filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
Oil and gas production figures included in this release are stated before the effect of royalties paid in kind, consumption and losses. Annual production per day is obtained by dividing total production for 365 days.
Information about oil and gas reserves: The SEC permits oil and gas companies, in their filings with the SEC, to disclose only proven, probable and possible reserves that meet the SEC's definitions for such terms. GeoPark uses certain terms in this press release, such as "PRMS Reserves" that the SEC's guidelines do not permit GeoPark from including in filings with the SEC. As a result, the information in the Company’s SEC filings with respect to reserves will differ significantly from the information in this press release. NPV10 for PRMS 1P, 2P and 3P reserves is not a substitute for the standardized measure of discounted future net cash flow for SEC proved reserves.
The reserve estimates provided in this release are estimates only, and there is no guarantee that the estimated reserves will be recovered. Actual reserves may eventually prove to be greater than, or less than, the estimates provided herein. Statements relating to reserves are by their nature forward-looking statements.
Non-GAAP Measures: The Company believes Adjusted EBITDA, free cash flow and operating netback per boe, which are each non-GAAP measures, are useful because it allows us to more effectively evaluate our operating performance and compare the results of our operations from period to period without regard to our financing methods or capital structure. The Company’s computation of Adjusted EBITDA, free cash flow and operating netback per boe may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies.
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Home › Feminism › What is the Cause of Violence? A Response to Karen Armstong by Carol P. Christ
What is the Cause of Violence? A Response to Karen Armstong by Carol P. Christ
By Carol P. Christ on January 12, 2015 • ( 65 )
“So, when we in the West talk about religion as the cause of this violence, how much are we letting ourselves off the hook, and using religion as a way to ignore our role in the roots of this violence?” Karen Armstrong, author of Fields of Blood
This statement was made by scholar of religions Karen Armstrong in an interview in Salon magazine in response to characterizations of Islam as a violent religion by Bill Maher and others. Speaking in the context of the rise of anti-Islamist prejudice in Europe, Armstrong said that Maher’s demonization of “the other” was the kind of talk that could lead us back to the concentration camps.
Bill Maher makes blanket statements against religion in general and Islam in particular. Maher clearly does not have a nuanced view of any religion. He is fueling anti-Islamic sentiment when he singles out Islam as a violent religion. If religions are going to be criticized as violent, then we must not limit ourselves to criticizing Islam, but must begin closer to home, by discussing the relation of religion and violence in the Bible, in Christianity, and in Judaism. My rule of thumb is always to begin with Christianity because it is the hegemonic religion of western cultures.
I agree with Armstrong that Maher is ignoring the role of the allegedly secular states in the violence that plagues the Middle East today and that has spread from there into Europe and America. Armstrong is referring to the division of the former Ottoman Empire into nation states made by the the Great Powers after the first World War. Clearly the imposition of the concept of the nation state and the boundaries that were drawn have not led to the intended outcome of lasting peace and democracy in the Middle East.
Summarizing her recent book, Armstrong writes:
[R]eligion before the modern period [was not] considered a separate activity but infus[ed] and coher[ed] with all other activities, including state-building, politics and warfare. Religion was part of state-building, and a lot of the violence of our world is the violence of the state.
Armstong argues that rather than blaming religion for violence, we should blame the state. I would argue that we should be examining the violence of the state, but that this is no reason to let religion off the hook.
Armstrong continues:
Without this violence we wouldn’t have civilization. Agrarian civilization depended upon a massive structural violence. In every single culture or pre-modern state, a small aristocracy expropriated the serfs and peasants and kept them at subsistence level.
This massive, iniquitous system is responsible for our finest achievements, and historians tell us that without this iniquitous system we probably wouldn’t have progressed beyond subsistence level.
Here Armstrong is simply repeating well-worn apologies for the violence of patriarchal societies. Armstrong says that without inequality enforced through violence we would not have “civilization,” “culture,”or “our finest achievements.” Apologists for the grand Old South in the United States must have sounded much the same.
One question Armstrong does not address is whether or not a culture based upon great inequality enforced through violence is worthy of the name civilization. Even though I enjoy listening to Bach and Mozart, I would settle for singing and dancing to folk music (which in fact creates even greater joy in my body than classical music) if that meant that no one had to be enslaved or oppressed by a small aristocracy. I would also agree to live at a subsistence level in exchange for no violence and no war.
Armstrong has obviously not seriously considered Marija Gimbutas’s work The Civilization of the Goddess. In it, Gimbutas challenges the “indolent assumption” that all societies have been pretty much like our own: in other words, violent, hierarchical, patriarchal, warlike, and unjust. She argues that the societies of Old Europe 6500-3500 BCE which were practicing the early stages of agriculture were peaceful, egalitarian, highly artistic, and not only worthy of the being called civilized, but perhaps even more worthy of the name than our own.
Armstrong (who begins her survey of history at about 3000 BCE) wrongly equates all of agriculture with the feudal system of Europe; this allows her to make the false statement that culture and civilization are inextricably linked to violence. Even leaving the question of the Neolithic cultures of Old Europe aside, Armstrong seems to be equating civilization with the nation state, and in so doing, to be categorizing all cultures that preceded nation states as uncultured and uncivilized, or to use words she would probably consider politically incorrect but which cohere with her viewpoint, as primitive and barbarian.
The popularity of Armstong’s work may in fact be inextricably linked to her implicit and explicit acceptance of the superiority of the nation state to all other forms of civilization and the superiority of the so-called higher (read patriarchal) forms of religion to all other forms of religion.
Armstrong makes the cynical (she would say realistic) statement that “Violence is at the heart of our lives, in some form or another.” While violence is at the heart of our lives today, this has not always been the case.
What is missing in Armstrong’s analysis is a serious critique of patriarchy, its cultures, its politics, its religions. However, if her work included such a critique, we can be quite certain that it would not be as popular as it is.
If Armstrong had offered a critique of patriarchy, she would have been forced to ask if “our” way of doing things is the only or the best way.
She would have understood violence, hierarchy, war, and injustice are not required for civilization and life itself to flourish.
As I have stated:
Patriarchy is a system of male dominance, rooted in the ethos of war which legitimates violence, sanctified by religious symbols, in which men dominate women through the control of female sexuality, with the intent of passing property to male heirs, and in which men who are heroes of war are told to kill men, and are permitted to rape women, to seize land and treasures, to exploit resources, and to own or otherwise dominate conquered people.
If we understand that patriarchy, war, domination arose together, and were justified by religions, we can also understand that what Armstrong calls “our” culture is not inevitable.
With this tool, we would not be forced to choose between Maher’s rejection of all religions as violent and Armstrong’s assertion that we should not view (some aspects of patriarchal) religions as one of the causes of violence.
Thanks to Ann Harrison for suggesting the topic for this post.
Also see Survey Reveals Americans’ Double Standard When Evaluating Religious Violence.
Carol leads the life-transforming Goddess Pilgrimage to Crete (facebook and twitter) spring and fall–early bird discount available now on the 2015 tours. Carol can be heard in interviews on Voices of the Sacred Feminine, Goddess Alive Radio, and Voices of Women. Her books include She Who Changes and Rebirth of the Goddess and with Judith Plaskow, the widely-used anthologies Womanspirit Rising and Weaving the Visions and the forthcoming Turning to the World: Goddess and God in Our Time. Photo of Carol by Michael Bakas.
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Categories: Feminism, Feminism and Religion, General, Goddess, Patriarchy
Tags: Bill Maher, Carol P. Christ, Civilization of the Goddess, feminism and religion, Fields of Blood, Karen Armstrong, Marija Gimbutas, Religion and Violence
Max Dashu
Excellent response. The equation of achievement with violence (or with capitalism) is all too facile, and the question has to be asked what (whose) purpose does it serve. I see a rampant denialism that humans can and have lived any other way than by coercion. This depends on a denial of the achievements of many Indigenous polities, who are not even considered in these evaluations of “civilization.” (Long history of that.) By achievements i include what can only be described as more advanced social systems, because egalitarian and centered on communal wellbeing. Domination hierarchies are not ‘advanced.’
The upshot is a conclusion that “every society in human history” behaves in these ways, and therefore that there is no alternative. Every time i post something about colonial violence on the Suppressed Histories FB page, a certain slice of people rush to make these assertions. Last week it was in response to documentation of medical experimentation on the bodies of enslaved women by the “father of gynecology.” Someone claimed that men in all societies had done this; but it’s simply not true. This is where that old racialist miseducation into ideas of “barbarism” is still swaying people’s thinking. And the tragedy of it is that it leads to a pessimism that blocks the ability to build alliances against the culture/s of domination. Many people are caught in an inability to imagine social relations, or religions, that are not based on domination, and call that realism. Their premises are mistaken.
Carol P. Christ
Thanks Max. For us who have a different paradigm, it is indeed distressing that so many rush to defend violence as necessary to the “advance” of :”civilization.” And that some of those who do so get public attention.
Jeri Studebaker
A very important response, Carol. Thank you. Will share it. Among many works Armstrong needs to read is *A Peaceful Realm* by archaeologist Jane McIntosh, about the ancient Indus Valley Civilization. No sign of warfare or other internal violence for hundreds of years. Technologically sophisticated. Cities of up to 100,000. No poverty, few signs of rulers, no signs of any police force. This was a large civilization covering a land area the equivalent of a good part of eastern Europe.
Michael & Elizabeth Cecil
Certainly, a series of precisely accurate observations about some of the major manifestations of violence.
Thanks so much, Carol.
But, if you want to understand the very origin of these manifestations of violence, there must be a detailed understanding of the whole issue of the (important word) consciousness that underlies violence in the first place—that is, the dualistic consciousness of the “self” and the ‘thinker’ (rather than the non-dualistic consciousness)—with regards to which the Eastern perspective, attributing conflict and violence to the duality itself (see the writings of J. Krishnamurti) is absolutely crucial; but, typically, disregarded altogether. And this requires an expansion of the definition of “religion” to include all ideologies based upon thought (which is, yes, a characteristically masculine expression of consciousness)—for example, political, economic and secular-philosophical ideologies as well.
It is through all of these ideologies based upon thought that the projection of evil upon the “other” becomes ‘weaponized’ into the violence that we see manifested in the world on a daily basis:
http://unsealing-the-seven-seals.blogspot.com/2014/11/they-so-evil.html
Thus, the issue is to have a much more intensely nuanced view of religion—something that, certainly, Mr. Maher is utterly incapable of—acknowledging both its positive aspects; while, at the same time, clearly observing that the witless perpetuations of its dualities may very well ultimately annihilate human civilization itself.
Thanks Michael. I do agree with you that dualistic thinking as it has manifested in the west is one of the tools and habits that can promote violence. I discuss transforming the classical dualisms frequently on FAR and in my other writing. However, I do not think dualistic thinking is the origin of violence, though it is one of the manifestations of it. My metaphysics are relational and possibly not the same as yours. However, there may be a plurality of metaphysical positions that are preferable to the dualistic thinking we have known in the west.
Thanks for the reply, Carol.
Certainly a complicated issue; but let me clarify something.
Dualistic thought is the ‘weaponization’ of the duality that originates in the ‘fallen’ consciousness of the “self”. Or, as stated in Chapter 13, verse 12 of the Revelation of John: “the second beast [the “beast of the earth” consciousness of the ‘thinker’; also referred to in Sura 27:82 of the Quran] is servant to the first beast [the “beast of the sea” consciousness of the “self”]” in the perpetuation of duality and violence; both of these dimensions of consciousness being directly ‘observed’ by the non-dualistic consciousness by which Revealed Knowledge is conveyed. (And, if you read the opening passages of the Second Meditation of Descartes, you can actually observe the consciousness of the “self” emerging: “it feels as though, all of a sudden, I have fallen into deep water”–Jungian archetypes being relevant here.)
In any case, from the frame of reference of the non-dualistic consciousness; all “metaphysical positions” are fundamentally dualistic; they are not something that can really be “transformed”. They must be observed, set aside, transcended, or stepped away from. Nuance and more nuance.
I would say that nondualism is a metaphysical position, but since you are arguing from texts, and I am not, there is probably not more to be said. Anyway, I hope we agree about violence.
J. Krishnamurti suggests that the mechanisms of thought can be directly observed from a ‘frame of reference’ prior to and outside of thought; perhaps similar to the way in which a psychoanalyst can directly observe the psychological mechanisms of the patient. So, no, I am not “arguing from texts”. I am describing an actual experience of observing these dimensions of consciousness from a different ‘frame of reference’ which is not thought. That is, even if the texts did not exist, these observations would still exist. I am not saying that this is easy; but it sometime comes only after years of practice in different contexts.
This is all a very strange or bizarre assertion to the Western perspective, for which thought is the end all and be all of reality and theological/philosophical truth; but, after studying the Eastern perspective for some 40 years now, it has become increasingly clear to me that such a perspective (esoteric Buddhism certainly conveys this perspective) is the ONLY way of genuinely resolving the conflicts in Western civilization which threaten the very future of humanity.
So, yes, we are in fundamental agreement about violence. But it appears to me that the categorical refusal of Western civilization to acknowledge the value of the (non-dualistic) Eastern perspective is what is going to doom us all to an ‘Armageddon’ caused by the dualities of the monotheistic theologies.
Sarah Whitworth
“We must begin closer to home, by discussing the relation of religion and violence in the Bible, in Christianity, and in Judaism.”
I took this to heart, Carol, thanks!! except my favorite religious paths are Taoism and Buddhism, which seem so peaceful. But you know what, they got into religious wars in their history, too, trying to seize power over the populace, confiscate land for their temples, collect money from wealthy donors, etc.
The spiritual path that is closest to home for me is really the love of Nature. Nature so far has not waged war with anybody, or tried to get rich and powerful by soliciting worshippers. And to worship Nature, I don’t need to profess a creed of any kind — I can just take a walk in the woods.
According to a haiku poet named Chigestsu-ni (1634-1718), a Zen nun and good friend of Basho, even nature, though, could become a problem, she says:
Today’s moon —
but if there were two
a fight would ensue.
Just to correct a typo, the poet’s name should be Chigetsu-ni, her poetry comes up in Google. The haiku is included in “The Country of Eight Islands,” trans. and ed. by Hiroaki Sato and Burton Watson.
Laury Silvers
If only Buddhism and Taoism were “peaceful.” Both are among the most sexist and violent ideologies of the world (a quick google search will provide you with the historical facts). Ideologies that are constructed by people as Esther rightly, to my mind, points out. No one gets off. Nature is also profoundly violent (Earthquakes? Even backyard squirrels?)
The question is whether or not it is possible to exist without violence. I guess it requires redefining violence so that eating vegetation or destructive fires that make it possible for forests to renew themselves are not perceived as a kind of violence. Certainly nature cannot exist without violence otherwise all animals who eat anything other than greens would die. Then we would all die.
But of course, we are talking about grander violence than natural violence or the petty violence we do to each other every day. I don’t know the resolution to that other than profound self-examination and the cultivation of compassion and love such that the love overwhelms and is that through which our other traits express themselves (methods of doing so are found in most religious and many secular traditions).
If we had matriarchal societies other than the one Chinese example, would we find there is no violence? I agree that patriarchy is not violence resistant (to say the least!), but I don’t know that matriarchal societies would provide a world without it. I agree with those who have argued that our understanding of women as more collaborative, etc., than men comes about because of patriarchy limiting our possibilities. We are more collaborative (or destructive via gossip, etc.) because we’ve had to be. What would the world be like if we were never forced to be that way? I don’t know.
All to say, this is an excellent blog, Carol, and offers a lot of (non-violent) food for thought! Thank you.
There is an Indonesian Muslim example, among others, see Peggy Reeves Sanday, Women at the Center.
Karen Armstrong herself speaks of societies in which “a small aristocracy expropriated the serfs and peasants and kept them at subsistence level.” This is structural violence and does not occur in small scale subsistence level (sustainable) societies.
Thanks Laury, for your thoughts. I understand your sensitivity, truly, and your heart is in the right place for sure.
Carol, your blogs always get me thinking in ways profoundly challenging, though I’m not very skilled in writing it all out. Thank you for this post and your leadership, and I missed reading your comments last week.
Nancy Vedder-Shults
Laury, I believe your stance that violence may be endemic — to both men and women — is pessimistic and actually uninformed. If you read Heide Göttner-Abendrot’s anthology “Societies of Peace: Matriarchies Past, Present, and Future,” I think you will become much more optimistic about our abilities as a species to be non-violent.
Esther Nelson
Thank you, Carol, for this outstanding essay.
At the risk of oversimplifying, I contend that religion expresses itself in violent ways because human beings think and behave violently. Our institutions (including religious ones) reflect that violence.
See my response to Laury above.
I don’t agree! Humans are capable of violence and evil, but those are amped and multiplied a thousand-fold when religion incorporates codes of dominion and oppression, in other words patriarchy, slavery, racism, class oppression. All those are *systemic* violence, as opposed to individual evil-doing, and religion has been used to excuse, prop them up, and paint them as the divine will. But not every religion, and not every society, incorporates codes of domination. And that is why it is important to look at the Mosuo (SW China), the Minangkabau (Sumatra), the Pueblo societies, the Vanatinai (South Pacific) and the many other mother-right societies, as well as other Indigenous societies that are non-militarized, classless, respectful of individuals. No human society is ideal, but the differences between these much more egalitarian Indigenous cultures (so at risk in the global dog-eat-dog world now) and the imperial ones are significant, and they matter very much.
Barbara Ardinger
Brava! Very thoughtful and thought-provoking (as we can tell by the preceding comments) post.
Here’s what I’ve been wondering all week since the attack on Charlie Hebdo: Practically the whole west has been in panic mode because of these terrorist attacks by fundamentalist Muslim extremists. How have ghettoized Jews felt for nearly 2,000 years when they were not only locked in their ghettos at night (in some areas) but were regularly attacked by Christian mobs often led by the Christian nobility determined to eradicate them? (I am not talking about Nazis, but about earlier history.)
I recently read.From the Ruins of Empire: The Revolt Against the West and the Remaking of Asia by Pankaj Mishra. This book is about men who fought against the European empires (British, French, Dutch, German, Belgian,etc.) and their colonies in the Middle East and China and Japan. I learned a lot and recommend it to FAR readers..
Acknowledged.
But do you see any problem at all when some 20 people in France die as a result of terrorism; in response to which the International media is awash with ‘condemnations’ and ‘expressions of outrage’ from all around the world, and millions march in ‘solidarity’; but Boko Haram slaughters some 2,000 people in Nigeria and the International media scarcely breathes ONE word about it?
And–it should be needless to say, but it isn’t– it is tens and hundreds of thousands of Christians and Muslims (rather than Jews) who are being slaughtered at this moment across the Middle East. But who is ‘marching in solidarity’ with them against this common evil?
All of these people died as a result of the same Satanic theology; but ‘some’ people’s murders are simply more ‘worthy’ of being publicized and ‘condemned’ with ‘outrage’ than others.
Mary E Hunt
It is consistently the case that the generic religion/violence discussions get all the play and anything nuanced with feminist insights seems to be left aside. No surprising, but it is important to observe as you did. That makes this blog and others like it, books and articles from authors/readers here all the more important. Thanks, Carol.
I presume the march in France brought together defenders of free speech and haters of Islam, feminists and anti-feminists, left and right. This is why I was glad I did not have to decide whether to go to it or not.
Mary Healey
AS one of the latest commercials put it””I want IT ALL, and i want it NOW”. In other words: GREED!!
With some humor, I offer the text of the following internet meme to support your argument: “It is only when a mosquito lands on your testicles that you realize there is always a way to solve problems without using violence.”
Thank you for an excellent article! I look forward to sharing it! I think that it is innate in humans to wonder, adore, and wonder some more: this is religion: and not “primitive” religion, at that. As with everything (or so it seems), this innate or natural religion, came to be used, abused, and utterly screwed up (mostly by men). The desire to dominate for privilege and power is perhaps the primary characteristic of patriarchy: this desire required and justified the oppression of women, the exploitation of natural resources for personal profit, and the use of force and violence to manipulate, control, or eliminate opposition. Men are the ones who benefit from the dominator paradigm (on a real yet still superficial level). As a result of all of our justifications of violence: women hurt, children hurt, the Planet hurts, and, of course, men also hurt. All of our “working assumptions” of what civilization and religion and violence as a means to an end need to be completely transformed through a steady “build-up” of an alternative paradigm. I believe that your article points the way to such a transformation. Thank you again.
profdanshaw
Several responses to this good post and its respondents:
1. Yes, all religions have supported acts of violence at various times in their history, but none but Islam makes it obligatory in their fundamental scriptures. In fact, Jihad at one time was considered the sixth “pillar” of Islam. In addition, Islam contains in it’s foundational scripture an explicit call for manifest destiny. When Christ, at the end of Matthew, encourages his disciples to go out and make disciples of all nations he was likely speaking of conversions, not conquests. The Qur’an and Hadith require that all lands on earth be under Islamic law. That means political control.
2. Karen Armstrong is among the many apologists of Islam who rarely look at its darker side. This is the politically correct way to sell books.
3. I fail to understand the argument that Boko Haram’s atrocities have been ignored by the media.
4. What continues to be ignored by the media is what our military has done and continues to do in the Middle East, in terms of violence. Few sources ever mentioned, for example, that at the beginning of the first gulf war Saddam had put peasants and malcontents in the front-line ditches defending the border. According to the accounts of returning soldiers in order to save bullets and lives our generals simply used bulldozers to bury 10,000 + “Iraqi troops” in the process of a couple of hours. The media was much better covering the light show of the carpet bombing of Iraq at the beginning of the second gulf war, but not at showing the immense collateral (read: civilian) damage it caused. But, that was not Christian violence. It was secular. Though the generals profess their Christianity.
5. Agree completely that eastern religions have had their fair share of violence and wars. No off the hooks there.
Thanks for a great discussion.
Dan Shaw — Professor of Religious Studies
No, “all religions” have not supported violence. Only if you discount the many ethnic religious traditions and concentrate only on the dominant religions can you make such a statement. Even when these peoples made war (say American Indians or Central African societies) they did not instrumentalize religion as a justification for them.
I’d like a cite for the Quranic injunction that all lands be under Muslim law. Since you include ahadith, some of which are recorded in later centuries, then you’d have to also include church doctrine which does in fact authorize such conquest. Cuius baptisatio, eius regio, and so on. Christian conquest patterns in the middle ages were very analogous to Muslim ones, including capturing and slave-trading “infidels.”
Also, if you look into fundamentalist enforcement in the US military (google Mikey Weinstein) you’ll find that it is not all that secular, and even in political context, with Bush II initially calling for a “crusade,” it has a long history of Christian invasions of Muslim countries behind it.
I am not sure what fundamental in its foundational scriptures means–but the Hebrew Bible has been read by Jews, Roman Catholics, Protestants in America, and others as decreeing that conquest and forced conversion were the will of God.
Let me suggest the fundamental or foundational Revelations rather than scriptures; of which there are two:1) the “Tree of Life” (Genesis 3:24); also referred to as the Vision of the “Son of man”, and the “Night Journey” & the “sidrah tree” in the Quran; and, 2) the Revelation of “the resurrection”, which includes the Revelation of the Memory of Creation and the revelation of the memories of previous lives; the purpose of the monotheistic theologies being to deny and contradict those Revelations by the dualistic “doctrines of men”, which, today, are the foundation of conflict and violence between Judaism, Christianity & Islam.
Briefly.
profdanshaw,
Do you really think it makes any difference at all to the person killed whether he or she is killed by “Christian violence” or by merely “secular violence perpetrated by a Christian”? If a Christian commits an act of violence, ultimately, it is Christian teaching that ‘justifies’ that act. The Teaching of Jesus, on the other hand, suggests something entirely different.
saharasia
“Yes, all religions have supported acts of violence at various times in their history….”
Wrong, Dan.
The religion of the Inuit of northern North America has never supported acts of violence. The religion of the !Kung of the Kalahari Desert in southern Africa has never supported acts of violence. The religion of the Mbuti of central Africa has never supported acts of violence. The religion of the Semai of southeast Asia has never supported acts of violence. I could go on (and on and on).
Do you think the Inuit, !Kung, Mbuti, Semai and all the other nonviolent people in the world aren’t really people? Aren’t really human? That their religions “don’t count”? Let me tell you that they bleed just like you do, their blood is the same red color, they eat, sleep and make love, they laugh, they cry — they are as human as you are. And their religions are just as real and viable as any other.
I would suggest that we are using differing definitions of the word “religions.” I wonder if the Inuit or Mbuti even have a word for “religion”? My study of such non-textual communities suggests that all of their actions are considered sacred. So if you are telling me that the Inuit and Mbuti are never violent towards others this is indeed a beautiful thing.
February 3, 2015 • 6:32 am
Are you defining “religion” in a way that excludes all but textual religions, then? In your mind, does “religion” include only religions that separate the sacred from the profane? I hope I don’t sound too harsh when I suggest you’re being a bit self-centered? A bit ethnocentric?
Thank you Jeri. There is no question about the great differences between the dominant mass religions and Indigenous ones, but while making that point we can’t speak as if Indigenous people don’t / didn’t have religions, and especially exclude their spiritual traditions in global discussions such as this one, in saying “all religions.” That negation and erasure is all too common, and it distorts the breadth and depth of human heritages. In fact, the understandings that Aboriginal spiritual philosophies put forward are of great value in overturning the oppressive mentality of the imperial religions.
Max, we’re totally on the same page.
Religion can be defined as the human relationship to the supernatural world. Every known culture has (or has had) such a relationship. It’s ludicrous to say you’re examining the relationship between violence and religion if you’re looking at only a handful of the world’s religions – the violent state religions.
But that’s exactly what the state religions want us to do, because it helps them hide their iniquities. Lining the state religions up next to the peaceful indigenous ones makes the state religions look like the Big Bad Wolves they really are.
Bhikshuni Trinlae
Interesting comments but the one meme that keeps surfacing in the western feminist theology is the proposition that goddess social culture would somehow prevent discrimination and misogyny.
A cursory look across the history of the dharma traditions show that no end of feminine-positive theology prevents social and political. subjugation and domination of women or patriarchal family/clan/social organizational structures.
Therefore, Christ’s criticism here is true, that a more nuanced view must be investigated, including with respect to any wishful thinking that a goddess-friendly culture will put an end to misogyny. It may be a necessary condition, but evidently it is by no means sufficient!
However, that doesn’t negate the value of what Armstrong is saying. When the US Supreme Court overturns the Doctrine of Discovery legal justification of domination and subjugation of non-Christians for example, and Western society admits to its own endless thirst for blood and violence, it may be in a position to enter into a credible discourse with other cultures and societies on the topic.
In the meantime, the repressed neuroses continue to act out and react everywhere socially and politically!
The “dharma traditions” you speak of are all patriarchal. They may have goddesses, but those goddesses have been incorporated into patriarchal religions. As just one example, the Sanskrit goddess Durga kills the buffalo demon in order to save the gods, who supposedly created her. In matrifocal cultures you don’t find goddesses who serve male gods, nor goddesses who wage war. Patriarchy is the problem. I agree with Carol.
I’m not aware of anyone who is saying a Goddess culture will of itself end patriarchy and domination, even though revalorization of the female is obviously needed. It’s clear that political action, social change in very concrete ways, is necessary. Still, the cultural dimenions are not negligeable. The themes of male dominance encoded in patriarchal religious scriptures are like Manifest Destiny and the Discovery Doctrine, in that they are poisons that keep on reinfecting society, century to century.
Great post, Carol. Brava!
And what a great conversation! Wow!
Katharine Bressler
It seems to me that most of the matriarchal cultures were (and are) smaller groups that lead mostly subsistence, agriculture-based lives. I wonder whether part of the problem with our violent cultures of today is that they are just too big. Groups function differently as they get bigger. Maybe breaking up into smaller, family-connected groups might work better. At least, it seems to work for the Mosuo culture and others like it. I’ve even noticed this in churches. Smaller churches sometimes work more like families – everyone knows each other. Larger churches become more like corporations, with hierarchies and “power structures.” Has anyone else noticed this?
Kate Brunner
I’ve often thought this, Katharine. Scale seems to be a very important piece of the puzzle. I notice it a great deal in the pursuit of sustainable energy solutions & earth-honoring agricultural/permaculture reform. Smaller economies are making greater, faster, more successful changes to energy diversification, waste disposal, & food supply sustainability schemes. Larger economies do not seem to be capable of the same as of yet.
Sister Lea
Reblogged this on CATHOLIC, Non-Roman Western Style and commented:
We MUST ask ourselves if our way is the BEST way!
emmx2013
There is a lot to think about in this article and the responses to it.
It does seem to me that individually we must deal with our own anger, hurts, disappointments, and find some way to be at peace with ourselves and others.
Here’s to Your Health!
evelynmmaxwell.com
Paige Cousineau
I would like to recommend the contribution that the work of Felicitas Goodman can make to this discussion. In her book, “Ecstasy, Ritual, and Alternate Reality: Religion in a Pluralistic World”, anthropologist Felicitas D. Goodman links the norms of a society and its religion (including it’s values around violence and sexism) to the nature of the economic “technology” in which it developed- i. e. on whether they are hunter- gather, agrarian or urban. All of the traditional religions discussed above arise out of agrarian civilizations where where war sexism, dualism, fear of nature, and growth of hierarchy have all occurred.
As both Katherine Bressler and Kate Brunner have observed, the matriarchal societies tend to have evolved from hunter-gatherer economies.
Actually Paige, Bressler and Brunner said that small scale economies seem to be egalitarian and not violent. The earliest agricultural (or horticultural) societies of the Neolithic seem to fit this model. Patriarchy evolved when societies were agricultural as opposed to industrial, but agricultural societies were peaceful and egalitarian for millenia before the rise of patriarchy.
Page, Felicitas Goodman and I studied under the same anthropologist, Erika Bourguignon, and I admire her work greatly (have you read Where the Spirits Ride the Wind? Fascinating).
But Felicitas studied anthro only, whereas I hopped around between anthro and archaeology. I definitely think this thorny issue of where patriarchy/violence came from requires a deep understanding of archaeology as well as anthro, because institutionalized violence arose before we began keeping written records. And what I discovered after doing tons of research for my book Switching to Goddess is that there really wasn’t any institutionalized violence on the globe before around 4000 BC.
And what happened ca 4000 BC? Climate change. Big climate change. A good part of the earth’s land surface turned to desert (what we now call the Sahara, the Gobi, and the chain of deserts stretching across Asia almost to the Pacific — they all seem to have formed at this time). And as a result a good portion of the world’s first farming populations starved to death, or spent generations slowing starving.
It seems obvious to me that this is the beginning of violence and patriarchy. This is when the first city states rose in the “Cradle of Civilization” between the Tigris and Euphrates. But the “rise of civilization” was not glorious as we used to think. Archaeologists like Brian Fagan are now pointing out that these first civilizations were violent, bloody, and full of social hierarchy. Masses of people were crowded into dirty, disease-ridden cities surrounded by thick walls. Most people were dirt poor, and there were a few elites at the top who ruled them with violence or the threat of it.
In Switching to Goddess I call this “starvation culture” because I think it arose directly from learned, shared and patterned behavior shaped by long-term starvation conditions, and then passed on from one generation to the next.
Peggy Reeves Sanday notes that the positive connection between women and nature as mothers can be turned inside out to blame women and nature for the sorry state of affairs following negative climate events or war. But there is always a choice. Human history is not determined by climate alone.
No, human history is not determined by climate alone, I agree with that, Carol. But something turned formerly peaceful, non-violent, egalitarian female-principled people into “crazy” people — violent, male-principled, hierarchical — around 4000 BC, in Mesopotamia first, and then Egypt at the Nile a little later. And then even later in China at the Yellow River. The first “civilizations” (which were really a descent into hell) all rose at large rivers — exactly where people would go when smaller rivers, lakes and water in general was disappearing everywhere.
The anthropologist Colin Turnbull studied a group of starving people in central Africa in the 1960s, the Ik, or Teuso. They’d been starving for a few generations. And they were truly a psychotic people, with very little humanity left — parents would kill their own children for food, the elderly were too weak to walk and had to crawl everywhere, only the strongest (i.e., young men) got to eat, and the the most admired person was the one who could steal the most and get away with it. People got great pleasure out of only two things: eating, and watching someone else suffer.
I think from this generations-long starving ca 4000 BC a few groups lost their original matriarchal (healthy) culture and developed, like the Ik, what you could call a culture of psychosis: only young strong males ate (ruled), but if you bowed and scraped in front of them they might throw you a few scraps. Women became hated for two reasons: (1) they were aligned with Mother Earth, who had obviously abandoned Her children, and (2), long-starving women become exceedingly cruel to their children, and since fathers in these groups almost always abandon their families, mothers are the only parents left (among the Ik children are locked out of their mothers’ homes at age three and from then on must fend for themselves).
Culture is such an important construct. Once a culture forms, it’s extremely difficult to change it. It’s learned, shared, patterned, and passed on ad infinitum from one generation to the next. And a new, violent culture — in which the ideal man is the one who can take the most from others — is likely eventually to rule the earth.
I don’t agree with the Saharasia thesis of James de Meo. The world’s biggest desert, the Sahara, was not a region out of which patriarchy erupte or spread. The river valleys were, because these lands were desirable. The more difficult terrains and ecosystems in fact are more likely to be redoubts of mother-right culture. Competition over resources is one factor, but it is not determinative all by itself, as Peggy Sanday theorized decades ago. Read my critique here: http://www.suppressedhistories.net/saharasia.html
Also Carol is right: most egalitarian matrilineages arose in small farming societies, which are very different from large scale plow agricultural ones.
February 1, 2015 • 12:28 pm
Hi, Max,
In my experience very few people know of or about DeMeo and his Saharasia theory. It’s nice to meet someone who does.
If you look at a few good maps of the world’s deserts, you can see that they stretch over the “Fertile Crescent,” in Iraq, where the first so-called civilization arose, as well as over the Nile River, where the second so-called civilization arose. These deserts also stretch up around two sides of the Black Sea, i.e., aren’t that far from Old Europe.
Both the deserts and the “civlizations” appeared abruptly ca 4000 BC. The “civilizations” were actually hellish places – like the patriarchy on sterioids. Archaeologists are beginning to admit this now.
If you believe as I do that before the patriarchy reared its ugly head people were primarily peaceful and matriarchal, what kind of tremendous force would cause some of these idyllic people to morph into their exact opposites? Into people who could almost be described as psychotic? Do you agree that it almost had to have been a fairly powerful force?
Jeri, we can’t cherry-pick the deserts for patriarchy. What about Arizona / New Mexico, a redoubt of mother-right cultures including the famous Pueblo societies, or the Guajira desert in Venezuela where the Wayúu matrilineages live? Please read the article i posted.
I do agree with you about the alphabet hypothesis. I think all mono-causation theories are taking the wrong approach. These are complex historical processes that created systems of domination. Literacy did become a male monopoly, but so much else was going on, and patriarchy emerged in societies that never had contact with writing, such as New Guinea, Brazil, South Africa, and we could go on and on.
Max, I read your paper.
4000BC: (1) a good portion of the earth’s land surface fries and turns to desert. Most farmers die; some make it to the river valleys. But a few starve for generations, in the desert, ISOLATED at oases, and become psychotic (for lack of a better word). These small psychotic groups attack and take over the large, peaceful peoples who made it to the river valleys (Tigris, Euphrates, Nile, Yellow).
4000 BC: (2) is also when the first “civilization/cities” arose at the Tigris/Euphrates. These cities were barbaric places full of disease, poverty, and a small violent, ruling elite:
“…disease-ridden places , with high death rates…. Dense population, class systems, and a strong centralized government created internal stress. The slaves and the poor saw that the wealthy had all the things that they themselves. locked…. The poor did not have enough space in which to live with comfort and dignity…. Evidence of warfare is common…. (Havilland 1997: 305-06, Human Evolution and Prehistory).
The first patriarchals developed on the desert, but we can’t “see” them until they move to the river valleys and enslave the peaceful matriarchals there.
Perhaps someone has already mentioned this, but Leonard Schlain wrote an interesting book back in 1999 entitled, “The Alphabet Versus the Goddess.” Here’s the Amazon blurb about it: “This groundbreaking book proposes that the rise of alphabetic literacy reconfigured the human brain and brought about profound changes in history, religion, and gender relations. Making remarkable connections across brain function, myth, and anthropology, Dr. Shlain shows why pre-literate cultures were principally informed by holistic, right-brain modes that venerated the Goddess, images, and feminine values. Writing drove cultures toward linear left-brain thinking and this shift upset the balance between men and women, initiating the decline of the feminine and ushering in patriarchal rule. Examining the cultures of the Israelites, Greeks, Christians, and Muslims, Shlain reinterprets ancient myths and parables in light of his theory.”
I don’t really see how “alphabetic literacy” could or would have given rise to that special blend of institutionalized warfare, institutionalized violence, social hierarchy, poverty (brand new at the time), discrimination against anyone not young, healthy and male, slavery, etc. — that reared its ugly head around 4000 BC first in Mesopotamia, and later elsewhere. “Linear left-brain thinking” is not psychotic thinking, and the set of new traits that arose ca 4000 BC ushered in a deeply troubling, anti-human, psychologically damaged way of life.
The peaceful matriarchal Minoans were literate, as was the peaceful matriarchal Indus-Valley civilization — we can’t translate these languages *only* because they’re completely unrelated to the patriarchal languages we speak today. The Minoans and Indusites weren’t alphabetically literate — but I can’t see that an alphabetic language would be that much more powerful than a syllabic one in terms of rearranging the human brain.
I agree with Jeri. The alphabet hypothesis seems to simplistic. I mean does that mean that we have to give up writing altogether to get rid of patriarchy? And this blog too? I think the book is working off Jungian ideas that equate the conscious with the masculine with patriarchy.
When I originally read Shlain many years ago, I also felt he oversimplified. But while reading David Abram’s book _The Spell of the Sensuous_, I felt that HIS alphabetic thesis was much more nuanced. He differentiates between pictographic scripts and strictly abstract alphabetic scripts, demonstrating how the latter alienates us in many ways from the animate world. Of course, Abram is not talking about patriarchy, but about how (especially) Western cultures evolved away from nature and in the process our sensory perceptions of the world. But I believe this evolution is part of the process by which patriarchy could take hold (or that patriarchy was part of the process of evolving away from nature and our sensory perceptions). What do others here think of this thesis? Ideas about Abram?
I do agree with you Nancy that there’s a connection between patriarchy and an evolution away from nature. Of course there’s the chicken or egg question: Did alphabetic scripts cause a new, barbaric, anti-nature culture to arise? Or is it more likely that the new, barbaric, anti-nature culture created an (anti-nature) alphabetic script?
Exactly, Jeri. It’s chicken-and-egg time and I’m not a time traveler.
I think attempts to explain the origin of violence through other factors like written language beg the question of why some people decided they had the right to dominate others through violence and the threat of violence. For me climate distress is better “reason” than discovering how to write, but as Max points out it is not sufficient. And as Max points out blaming climate distress deflects the blame from those who made the decisions to dominate others (for whatever reason and in response to whatever stress) and those who (again for whatever reason) continued to dominate others because they had been taught it was their birthright.
In this discussion we also need to recognize that the decision to dominate through violence was not a decision made by “humanity.” It may have been made by the 1% and over time imposed on the others. In the case of the 50% (men as a group), the right to dominate women may have been the or one of the carrots that induced them to become warriors in the service of the 1%.
https://feminismandreligion.com/2013/02/18/patriarchy-as-an-integral-system-of-male-dominance-created-at-the-intersection-of-the-control-of-women-private-property-and-war-part-1-by-carol-p-christ/
This is my discussion of the origins of patriarchy, war, and private property as an integral system legitimated by religion,
I agree with everything in your article, Carol. In a patriarchy men, war and violence dominate. But why? Where did this insanity come from? It’s so diametrically opposed to the behavior of the Mosuo and so many other world societies not yet beaten down by patriarchy.
Other aspects of patriarchy: All physically weaker people are abused (elderly, children, sick, poor, disabled). Sharing behavior is weak or missing. Sexuality is often violent and impersonal; empathy is weak or lacking.
Again – why? Where and when did this sick behavior originate?
An important clue, I think, is this: the behaviors present in patriarchy are the behaviors present in long-starving groups.
In starving groups, the strongest steal food from all others (including children, siblings, elderly, sick etc.) – violently if need be. The strongest are always the young males. Males and violence, then, come to dominate. Violence and maleness become the “ideal,” what everyone praises, idolizes (this has been documented in modern groups).
In starving groups no one is interested in anything but eating. Sex becomes a chore, impersonal (again – this is documented).
War and rape are just stealing on a larger scale. Eating disorders today are rampant: anorexia, bulemia, obesity. Many of us have hoarding disorders.
Other traits shared by us and long-term starters: weakened social ties (our friendships are often transient), families disintegrate (we have deadbeat dads, child and parental abuse, spouse abuse).
I should add that, under conditions of starvation, in groups continuing to share and share alike, no one survives.
» What is the Cause of Violence? A Response to Karen Armstong by Carol P. Christ
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Posts tagged “robert forster”
Olympus Has Fallen (2013)
It was mere coincidence that I reviewed the Die Hard clone movie of Sudden Death this past day. It was on my TiVo for months, and I just needed an action movie to occupy my attention. Olympus Has Fallen does indeed follow that Die Hard formula very closely, but also executes it extremely well. This is surely one of the better action movies I’ve seen in recent years, and it is a rock solid R rated outing with the violence never holding back for an instant. So, while Sudden Death was Die Hard in a hockey arena with the Vice President taken hostage, this movie is Die Hard in the White House with the President taken hostage. Believe me, this is a gigantic step up that should please audiences.
When the White House (Secret Service Code: “Olympus”) is captured by a terrorist mastermind (Rick Yune) and the President (Aaron Eckhart) is kidnapped, disgraced former Presidential guard Mike Banning (Gerard Butler) finds himself trapped within the building. As our national security team scrambles to respond, they are forced to rely on Banning’s inside knowledge to help retake the White House, save the President and avert an even bigger disaster.
This is a very well directed effort by Antoine Fuqua. I love that he keeps the film very grounded in the severe drama and peril of the situation, and never feels the urge to indulge in cheesiness. He avoids having anyone spout out one-liners, or do anything to diminish the imminent danger at hand. The film’s first act really sets up the characters well by establishing close relationships around Banning with the President himself and his son Connor. The film begins with a tragic car accident that claims the First Lady’s life, and Banning feels responsible for that. While I did know full well from the trailer that this would happen, the sequence still had an emotional impact on me. The film then flashes ahead eighteen months where Banning is working at the U.S. Treasury, no longer feeling fit for or at ease in the White House. These are all excellently done sequences establishing emotional weight on Mike Banning, and setting him up in a very fleshed out and relatable way. Then, of course, all hell breaks loose upon Washington.
There was a point during this long incursion by the invading forces that I felt it was going on too long, but then, I caught myself. I realized that, one, such a siege would be a lengthy operation and unraveling in multiple parts. Secondly, it was when Banning got into the thick of things that it all picked up for me. It made the violent, frightening sequence less broad, and focused it more on someone that I already identified with. This is where the film has it’s real juice. Focusing in on the character of Banning combating these forces as an extremely capable one man assault made me excited. Getting behind him as the hero energized the movie for me, and got me invested in what was happening. Another reviewer I follow stated that if you replaced Gerard Butler as a Secret Service Agent with Bruce Willis as a New York cop, this would’ve been the perfect Die Hard 5. I entirely get that statement, but Mike Banning is a distinctly different person than John McClane. Banning is a sharply trained tactical force who knows how to handle a situation like this, and how to manipulate his way through the White House, messing with security cameras, moving through hidden passageways, accessing secret vaults with a satellite phone, weapons, and so on. This is an expertly trained agent that systematically and efficiently takes down these terrorists. This is what really sold me on every bit of action.
Gerard Butler is a solid action lead. He puts in a very well-rounded and awesome performance. He certainly has some fun, yet lethal moments with the character, but never goes down the path of witty quips. Even when that humorous bad attitude surfaces, his words hold the weight of a vehement threat. He’s not mouthing off, he’s making strong, direct statements to people. Still, we do get that humor through extreme circumstances that still felt distinct to the character. The filmmakers nor Butler were trying to have Banning be an imitation of anyone else. He’s his own great character. Butler handles himself exceptionally well in every aspect of action here from the tactical gunplay to the hand-to-hand combat. There are some very impressive moves he showcases when he’s squaring off against a deadly opponent. Banning’s definitely a tough guy, but what further makes the role great is the sentimental value we see from him. This mainly comes out with both protecting Connor, and when Mike finally gets on the phone with his wife, who is a doctor in the midst of triage. We get to see the humanity of Banning from early on, before the action, and later on during the action to maintain that balance and dimension with the character. Overall, it’s a very solid character in both conception and execution through Gerard Butler’s talents. He kicks ass in all kinds of ways.
The film’s villain is Kang, portrayed by Rick Yune, and he is one immensely merciless, vile piece of filth. Yune is just awesome as this man who seeks to unleash a horrible fate upon all of America, and unite Korea through military force with very powerful motives behind him. This is absolutely a villain who is despicable and shockingly violent, but maintains a cool head about him. He’s in control of everything, and is willing to demonstrate that control and dominance on a whim. He’s very calculating and intelligent while being disturbingly violent. Rarely have I seen an action movie villain of this serious caliber. Again, the film does not degrade anything by delving into cheesy qualities or eccentricities. Kang is as serious as they come, and his ultimate plans are horrific. Yune gravitates a lot of weight around him, and sells every ounce of this role. He’s definitely the villain this film deserved.
The rest of the cast is filled out with heavyweight talents. Aaron Eckhart is stellar as President Benjamin Asher. The charm and warmth of him is seen early on, but when the hostage crisis befalls him, we see his strength and conviction show through. He won’t allow anyone to be a martyr to him in that bunker, and he never backs down from Kang and his people. Eckhart’s an amazingly strong actor for a role of this sort, and he fills it admirably. And Finley Jacobsen is top notch as the President’s son Connor. He’s a very sweet and enjoyable kid that has a strong bond with Mike Banning. I could definitely feel for him early on when his mother, portrayed by the excellent Ashley Judd, perishes in that plunge off the icy bridge.
We also have Morgan Freeman living up to his high standards as the Speaker of the House Alan Trumbull, who must assume the roe of Acting President in this crisis. Freeman carries Trumbull’s burden with realistic weight as he grapples with these massive decisions of life and death. How he asserts authority over Robert Forster’s General Clegg was a real solid moment that I liked a lot. Angela Bassett, who I think is an amazingly talented screen presence, is here as Banning’s Secret Service Supervisor. She’s all around superb, as is everyone in this picture. We’ve got all these people assembled at the Pentagon, and they come into regular contact with Banning along the way as they try to coordinate their efforts. These scenes carry so much poignancy and immense weight on a global scale, and no one could have asked for a better collection of actors to carry these scenes. And it is a testament to Antoine Fuqua that he was able to utilize these talents so fully and powerfully. Still, that should come as no surprise from the director of Training Day where he directed the excellent Denzel Washington.
And the action sequences Fuqua gives us are exemplary. While the CGI is definitely undercooked more than usual, I could mostly move beyond that to embrace the quality of the action. The digital effects mainly come into play during the air strike scenes with planes, fighter jets, and helicopters being digitally rendered as there was no way they were going to be actually crashing things into the real White House. Aside from that, we get some visceral, pull no punches violence. People, both good and bad, get ripped apart like Swiss cheese by automatic gunfire and are blatantly executed. This is an action film that is selling the realistic intensity of both of these lethally trained forces who will not leave their adversaries alive. There’s a generous helping of blood all over the movie, and it seemed mostly realistic and not digitally created. I think a lot of squibs were used on this, and only a few enhancements were done in select places. If that is indeed the case, I applaud Fuqua for going that route. Far too many action movies these days go the lazy route, and use next to no practical blood effects.
Getting back on track, though, we are treated to some very good action through this runtime. Banning is given plenty of intense scenarios to fight out of, and it is all shot very well. There’s a little shaky cam in there, but it’s fairly mild and the editing is quite good to maintain coherence throughout. It’s just hard hitting stuff that results in the biggest body count I can recall seeing in an action movie, but due to the nature of the plot, one must expect that a shocking volume of bodies fall protecting the White House. The brutality that we get is necessary to selling the tremendous tragic weight of this event, but putting that aside, it’s the veracity in which Banning goes after these infiltrators is where the entertainment value truly lies. The only time he leaves anyone alive for questioning ends up in an awesome, quick scene of extremely persuasive interrogation. He’s not ready to dish out mercy, and has no hesitation in ramming a knife through someone’s skull. It’s scenes like this that really make Banning an entertaining and bad ass hero. We’ve seen him be a nice guy and a solid professional, but in this scenario, he’s not holding back on the bloodletting. He knows the stakes, and has no qualms about doing whatever it takes to rescue the President and take Kang and his people down in decisive, graphic fashion.
It didn’t take me long sitting there in the theatre to take special note of how good the score was. This is a big action movie score the way it’s meant to be done. Composer Trevor Morris has not done anything really worth noting before this movie, but I damn well hope that this is the start of a very noteworthy career. As with the rest of the movie, Olympus Has Fallen does feel like something birthed out of the 1980’s or 90’s in all the right ways. This score is right up there in that vein of Under Siege, Con Air, or Die Hard. It has a sprawling, tightly dramatic style that paints on a large musical canvas for a film of big stakes and large action sequences. It’s very impressive stuff.
Olympus Has Fallen is also greatly written by a pair of apparent first-time writers. This is their only credit on the Internet Movie Database. So, if this is your break into Hollywood, I say it’s a hell of a great first effort. Yes, it is a Die Hard clone, but it takes all the hallmarks of that formula and builds upon it with a story of huge consequences and well written characters. The movie doesn’t put all its cards on the table at the same time. Kang’s ultimate intentions are not fully discovered until the final act of the film, but I will not spoil that here. The script cleverly just lays one piece of the puzzle into place at a time allowing you to be concerned with one major thing at a time. It shows the intelligence of Kang very well, and creates a very solidly plotted film with plenty of anticipation and suspense as realized by Fuqua.
I just say go to the theatre and see this right now! For one, hard R rated action films have been taking a nose dive at the box office, and while most of it has been justified, when something of this damn good quality comes along, it really needs to be supported. Overall, this is simply a fun, exciting ride with the weight of serious stakes and big action. It really beefs up the old formula with a cast of amazing talent, and helmed by a damn good director who knows how to sell something of this scale. This is proof positive that any well-treaded formula can still be executed with impressive results. All it takes is filmmakers with ambition and a solid script to make it a creative success. I surely hope that it will prove to be a financial success because it really does deserve it. Olympus Has Fallen is a solid, hard R action movie that you should absolutely see!
03.22.2013 | Categories: Movie Reviews | Tags: aaron eckhart, action, america, anglea bassett, antoine fuqua, bodyguard, dylan mcdermott, film, gerard butler, guns, hostage, mercenary, morgan freeman, movie, olympus has fallen, president, review, rick yune, robert forster, secret service, terrorists, united states, violence, washington d.c., white house | Leave a comment
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Encouraging Women to become more involved
By Bryanne Martin | May 2, 2019
Students of GFESS prepared and served dinner for Fort Erie PC Association of Women who hosted Niagara Parks Commission chairwoman Sandy Bellows. Flanking Bellows is Denise Laprairie, president of the association, and Anne Marie Hudak, vice-president. Students Kara Bateman, Maya Groulx, Haley Patrick, Elisabeth Chir, Airibella Frumusa, and Noah Kormendy.
The new chairwoman of the Niagara Parks Commission said women should become more involved in public affairs despite obstacles that are unique to them.
Social media, for example, can be hard on women who aspire to become leaders in the community,” said Sandy Bellows, who assumed leadership of the NPC two months ago.
Unfair criticism and intimidation from social media trolls make it more difficult to become fully engaged, she said.
She spoke to a gathering of the Fort Erie Progressive Conservative Association of Women over dinner at the Pomegranate restaurant at Greater Fort Erie Secondary School April 10.
“It’s a strong group of women of various ages,” said president Denise Laprairie and they are encouraged to go out and serve the community.
The association offers scholarships for high school students in Fort Erie who go to Greater Fort Erie Secondary School, Lakeshore Catholic High School and Niagara Christian Collegiate.
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Board index ‹ Community ‹ General Discussion
Googlopoly: How Google Is Becoming The New Microsoft
Talk about anything at all....
by henke54 » Wed Jul 26, 2017 4:05 pm
Jamie Court on huffingtonpost.com at 06/02/2010 wrote: Microsoft caught hell from anti-trust regulators for bundling its browser and software during the 1990s. A new report being distributed to US and European antitrust regulators today shows how Google has been using its greater than 70% share of the online search market to muscle its way into domination of other Internet businesses.
The Inside Google study found that since adopting “Universal Search” in 2007, which favors Google’s properties with prominent listings in its results, traffic to Google’s sites has soared at the expense of competitors. In a nut shell, Google search results give preference to Google products and services, like Googlemaps, YouTube, and Google product search, where advertisers pay to find you and make Google rich.
Google claims that its search is neutral, but the study shows that it’s NOT.
Scott Gilbertson at theregister.co.uk on 25 Jul 2017 wrote: Just in case you didn't believe Firefox was on a trajectory that should have it crash and burn into extinction in the next couple of years, former chief technology officer Andreas Gal has usage stats that confirm it. To use Gal's words: "Firefox market share is falling off a cliff." The same could be said of Firefox itself.
What's most interesting about this data and Gal's interpretation of it is that at the same time that Firefox is sliding into irrelevancy it's becoming a better browser. It's faster than it's ever been and uses less memory – less than its replacement, Chrome. Of course, as the ancient Betamax vs VHS format wars demonstrated, having a superior product does not translate to market share.
The big question is why? Why is Firefox, despite being faster than ever and using less memory than Chrome, losing ground?
Gal believes a big part of the problem is Google's monopoly on search and its aggressive marketing of Chrome. Log in to Google Mail, Google Calendar or YouTube, and Google will push Chrome through overlays, bars at the top of the screen and other means. The language of these ads implies that whichever browser you're using, if it isn't Chrome, it's slow and insecure.
As Gal puts it: "It's hard to compete in a mature market if your main competitor has access to billions of dollars worth of free marketing." Indeed, it's impossible.
"Firefox's decline is not an engineering problem," writes Gal. "It's a market disruption (Desktop to Mobile shift) and monopoly problem. There are no engineering solutions to these market problems."
comments on above article here
Christopher Ratcliff at SEO on 25 Feb 16 wrote: As the paid search space increases in ‘top-heaviness’, as organic results get pushed further off the first SERP, as the Knowledge Graph scrapes more and more publisher content and continues to make it pointless to click through to a website, and as our longstanding feelings of unfairness over Google’s monopoly and tax balance become more acute, now more than ever we feel there should be another, viable search engine alternative.
There was a point not that long ago when you could easily divide people between those that used Google, Yahoo, Ask Jeeves and AltaVista. Now it’s got to the point where if you’re not using Google, you’re not really using the internet properly.
Right now though maybe we should be paying more attention to the alternatives. Maybe our daily lives and, for some of us, careers shouldn’t need to balance on the fickle algorithm changes of the world’s most valuable company.
Let’s see what else is out there in the non-Google world. It’s not that scary, I promise. Although you may want to bring a coat.
Please note: this is an update of an article published on SEW in May 2014, we felt like it needed sprucing up especially many of the listed engines (Blekko, Topsy) are no longer with us.
on Linux Mint Mate
henke54
Location: Flanders Belgium
Re: Googlopoly: How Google Is Becoming The New Microsoft
by Isobel22 » Sat Oct 28, 2017 3:10 pm
Google control most of its advertise market by google adword network which is based on targeted keywords.
OpenOffice 3.1 on Windows 10
Isobel22
by LilZebra » Mon Nov 06, 2017 5:55 am
I really WANT TO install Firefox onto my BlackBerry 10 OS device.
However when I go to the BlackBerry store, I am told that while there IS a Chrome ver. for BB10 and one for Android, I cannot install one directly for BB10.
So I must continue to use the built-in web browser.
On my PC with Fedora 24 Linux I have more control over which browser I use. I went from Netscape Nav. > Mozilla > Mozilla Firefox
Then in about 2014-15 I was havin problems loading some sites with Flash content. Switched to Chrome and found that it loaded pages really quick. Still didn't want to use it due to talk of privacy breaches by Google.
Then a few months ago installed a newer ver. of Firefox, and it worked for a while, except that some Flash site still don't work. For example, I can watch CBC's The National, or Global National (Canada). But CTV News does something different. A few months ago I *used* to be able to watch local and national CTV news, but now I get an error saying some flash plugin won't work on that site.
When I ran Chrome in 2014-15 my computer had but 2 Gigs of RAM. It would frequently lock up with just 3 or 4 tabs open. I had a memory checker and used Chrome's memory check utils. It wasn't until I doubled the RAM that Chrome and Linux become more stable and no longer "froze" due to lack of memory.
LibreOffice 6.1.3.2 (Linux Fedora 27 on x86_64) with 'Notebookbar'
OpenOffice.org since 2002-12. LibreOffice user since 2013-current.
HSQLDB 2.4
LilZebra
by eremmel » Mon Nov 06, 2017 9:32 am
Did you consider to use SRWare Iron, based on the same Chromium code base as Chrome but with less/no leaking of private data to google.
It's Microsoft marketing that tells you computers are qualified for non-technicians
eremmel
by LilZebra » Wed Nov 08, 2017 10:57 pm
I've installed the "Otter Browser" (based on Opera) It's based on WebKit, which is something that Firefox should implement. I can watch CTVNews.ca again. Yay! But there are several bugs in Otter like Firefox produced .html bookmarks file not importing.
by chuanist » Sun Nov 26, 2017 7:27 pm
Opera is available for Linux. It works very well on the Linux-based Mac OS, very fast, and comes with a free VPN via Scandinavia. For reasons given above I removed all Google products from my Mac, which required going deep into the OS to clean out files that Google installs without asking or telling users.
In particular Apple's Maps is now well enough developed that I can live without Google Earth, which installed an automatic update routine that was giving me problems.
http://www.opera.com/computer/linux
P.S.: yes, I misspoke. BSD and Linux are not the same, only similar. However, Opera for the Mac does work quite well on every OS I've tried it on, through 10.12.
P.P.S.: If anyone is virulently against the Mac OS I won't be much help. I've been using Macs since 1998 and very much enjoy the user experience.
Last edited by chuanist on Mon Nov 27, 2017 12:58 am, edited 2 times in total.
OpenOffice 4.1.5 for the Mac
Running on Mac OS 10.9.5 (for the graphics apps)
chuanist
Location: Berkeley, California USA
by LilZebra » Sun Nov 26, 2017 11:00 pm
chuanist wrote: Opera is available for Linux. It works very well on the Linux-based Mac OS, very fast, and comes with a free VPN via Scandinavia.
MacOS (or currently macOS) is not based on Linux which is a mish-mash of BSD & System V (AT&T) UNIX. No, MacOS, based out of NeXT's "Mach kernel" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mach_(kernel) , is based on BSD (Berkley).
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Cornwall and Eden Project – S3 pupils, Kirsty Alexander, Bella Claydon and Anna Hulme, who were involved in the Big Green Challenge Debate visited Cornwall in May. This was their prize for reaching the final of the competition. Read more here about the trip and view some photos.
Further photographic success – Katrina Port (S4) has been named a finalist in the Highland Council Energy & Sustainability Photography Competition. As recognition of her work she was presented with a framed print of her entry. The winning photo, taken locally and currently on display at the entrance to the library, will be in an exhibition at the Eastgate Centre in Inverness from 15th to 29th June. Well done to Katrina for achieving recognition in three consecutive photo competitions in the last six months. See Katrina’s photo here along with her presentation at school recently.
Rugby Selection – Theo Threadgould has been selected once again to play for the Highland and Island’s U16 Rugby Squad. He will now train in preparation for games against Tayside, Fife and other regional teams. Theo plays for Highland Rugby Club and this selection is the result of lots of travel, commitment and hard work on his part. Well done Theo!
Handball – Gairloch High School junior Handball team took on Kilchuimen Academy recently and won again. Undefeated and growing in skill and confidence the team look forward to further challenges under the coaching of Ross Matheson. Read more here and see a photo of the team…
Ten under the Ben – Five pupils and four members of staff joined hundreds of other riders in the Ten Under the Ben endurance mountain bike race last weekend, near Fort William. Some of the entrants are elite athletes. While not in that category yet, we have been training for this for the last three months. We had not been training for the 27-degree temperature on the day! Our quad team (Matthew Fothergill, James Staddon, Alasdair MacLennan and David Gorman, all fifteen years old and the youngest competitors there) finished seven eleven mile laps in the 11 hours allowed, putting them in a good 9th place out of fifteen teams. Lewis Martin joined Mr Gorman and Mr Milner as one of the 95 trio teams and completed a respectable six laps between them. Mr and Mrs Johnston were also competing, in different trio teams.
All who took part thought it was a great day with amazing atmosphere and camaraderie. We learnt some important lessons about athletic success being mostly about perspiration rather than inspiration. All would like to thank the Highland Council Youth Development Fund for substantial financial assistance. Photos and video…
EXPRESSIVE ARTS DAY – Primary 7 pupils took part recently in an Expressive Arts Day. They worked with Ms Hunter, Music, Ms Hildrey, PE, and Ms Gulliver in the Art Department. The theme for the day was the opposing forces of nature and the man-made world. They worked all day, making appropriate costumes and learning music and movements to represent their groups. At the end of the afternoon they put on a short performance in front of S1 and S2 pupils along with some of the younger Gairloch Primary pupils. To the sound of a lyrical Gaelic song the mer-people made waves with long lengths of silky fabric and we saw sea nymphs playing in the water. Soon, however, the robots arrived and beat back nature, triumphantly moving to their victory song. In time though, the waves came back and started to lap over the robots, rusting them at first and then submerging them completely. But in a final little twist to the plot, maybe the robots had the last laugh!
S1 Enterprise Day – On Thursday 28th May, S1 pupils spent the day planning and preparing Packs for the incoming P7 pupils. They worked in teams throughout the day to prepare Welcome Booklets (a pupils’-eye view of the school), fun stickers and bookmarks under the supervision of Ms Gulliver, Ms Leitch and Dr Caley. At the end of the afternoon, in a close contest, judges, Mrs Whall and Miss Colqhoun, reviewed their work. The best of all the groups work will now be compiled into the final version that the new S1 pupils will receive in August.
S4 Enterprise Events – S4 pupils returned from exam leave to take part in three days of team building and enterprise events. Following a similar format to the recent third year events the pupils enjoyed working with SNH, Forestry Commission and the Royal Marines. Photos…
Bronze DofE Award Expeditions – S3 pupils completed their Practice Expeditions on 25th/26th May. Two groups went to Poca Buidhe and back from Red Stable with Miss Dean, Miss MacAllister and Dr Caley, while the other two groups went to Loch A’ Bhealaich and back from Shieldaig with Mr Sutherland and Mr Garside. Dodging showers on both days, the groups learned more about minimum impact camping and all showed improved teamwork from their previous trip. With a few things left to work on, they are now almost fully prepared for their Qualifying Expeditions at the end of June. Photos…
Small Schools Sports – Organised by Dr Shearer for the Primary pupils, this event took place on Tuesday 2nd June at MacLennan Park, Aultbea. The day was a great success due to the help received from S3 pupils. Dr Shearer reported that they ‘were a great credit to themselves and the High School’ Pupils helping were:- Alannah Brown, Maddi Runciman, Patrick Milton, Kerry Smith, Kassie Forder, Amanda McSharry, Flora Stevens, Dale Cunningham, & David Gorman
Scottish Parliament – On Wednesday the 3rd of June the S3 Modern Studies class went to visit the Scottish Parliament. It was an early start at 6am, catching the 8.10am bus from Inverness to Edinburgh. ‘Once we arrived at 1.30pm we dropped off our bags at the youth hostel and then walked through Edinburgh to Holyrood. We had a short talk from one of the education staff members, who told us about the different procedures in the debating chamber. Then we watched all the MSPs getting very argumentative during First Minister’s Question Time, before meeting Dave Thompson and Jamie McGrigor, two of the Highlands and Islands MSPs.’ Photos…
French Trip – 141 pupils and 17 staff left on the 11th June for Northern France visiting the Normandy D-Day beaches and Paris.
Not the French Trip – Pupils and staff remaining in school are involved in a range of alternative activities. The Parent Council raised and donated £1700 to support activities for all the pupils, here and in France.
Upcoming dates – click here for calendar
Neil Gunn Writing Competition
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Game Giveaway of the day — Epic drag puZOOls
Go through many levels of puzzles, from easy to difficult..
Epic drag puZOOls was available as a giveaway on June 14, 2019!
Download trialEpic drag puZOOls
In the game Epic drag puZOOls you can go through many levels of puzzles, from easy to difficult. You will need to gather the particles of the whole picture of animals in the correct order and enjoy the result within the allotted time. In the game you will be waiting for three types of difficulties and their levels, musical accompaniment, as well as cute animals!
Windows XP and above
Nekyau Games
https://store.steampowered.com/app/862320/Epic_drag_puZOOls/
Gain access to online stores and manage licensed game copies.
Comments on Epic drag puZOOls
Epic drag puZOOls is a picture puzzle jigsaw wity three levels of difficulty, easy, medium and hard. There are 24 different pictures to complete, the same picture is used in each difficulty mode. The difference between the difficulty modes is the number of pieces the picture has been cut into and the amount of time you have to complete the picture. You are awarded colored star ratings depending on how fast you complete the picture. Playing on easy the picture is cut into 9 pieces and you get around 35 seconds to complete the picture, on medium the picture is cut into more pieces, but you get twice as long to complete it and the hard mode the picture is cut into even smaller pieces (25) and you get three times as long (approx 100 seconds) to solve it.
This game would have been much improved if each level of difficulty had different pictures to solve, effectively giving you 72 original pictures to solve, instead we get to solve the same picture three times. It would also have been a good idea to include a non timed mode. This would have made the game ideal for younger children. The ability to add your own images would also have been a nice touch and would have given the game much more replayability.
If Dark Asylum Mystery Adventure doesn't interest you, but you still want something to play, you'll find details of some game deals whether they be sale items, indie bundles or games being given away for free HERE (I've not updated the thread in a while, but most of the links still take you to the latest deals).
The rest of the information that used to be posted in the game review can be found in the forums HERE. Finally, check out Delenns threads for details of other free games and offers HERE and elsewhere in the game discussion forums HERE, (usually on the first page of the game discussion forums). Also, check out the free games available via Indie Gala HERE , the latest additions include PoTaToMAN seeks the TROOF, Glorkian Warrior: The Trials of Glork and Rex: Another Island. The latest game from Epic Games is Enter the Gungeon a bullet hell dungeon crawler (worth £10.99/$15.99/€14.99/₽349). This will change to Rebel Galaxy a game of action-packed combat, exploration, discovery, trade, and “negotiation” with the outlandish denizens at the edge of the known universe on the 20th June 19 (worth £14.99/$19.99/€16.79/₽419); also, there are nine pages (15 games per page) of free games available via Steam HERE
<blockquote>Epic drag puZOOls is a picture puzzle jigsaw wity three levels of difficulty, easy, medium and hard. There are 24 different pictures to complete, the same picture is used in each difficulty mode. The difference between the difficulty modes is the number of pieces the picture has been cut into and the amount of time you have to complete the picture. You are awarded colored star ratings depending on how fast you complete the picture. Playing on easy the picture is cut into 9 pieces and you get around 35 seconds to complete the picture, on medium the picture is cut into more pieces, but you get twice as long to complete it and the hard mode the picture is cut into even smaller pieces (25) and you get three times as long (approx 100 seconds) to solve it.</blockquote><blockquote>This game would have been much improved if each level of difficulty had different pictures to solve, effectively giving you 72 original pictures to solve, instead we get to solve the same picture three times. It would also have been a good idea to include a non timed mode. This would have made the game ideal for younger children. The ability to add your own images would also have been a nice touch and would have given the game much more replayability.</blockquote><blockquote><blockquote><blockquote><a href="https://postimages.org/" target="_blank"><img src="https://i.postimg.cc/N0vh1Wpb/Epic-Drag-001.png" alt="Epic-Drag-001"/></a> <a href="https://postimages.org/" target="_blank"><img src="https://i.postimg.cc/R07kGXYm/Epic-Drag-002.png" alt="Epic-Drag-002"/></a> <a href="https://postimages.org/" target="_blank"><img src="https://i.postimg.cc/Y0sZjVv6/Epic-Drag-004.png" alt="Epic-Drag-004"/></a> <a href="https://postimages.org/" target="_blank"><img src="https://i.postimg.cc/L4CryqxJ/Epic-Drag-005.png" alt="Epic-Drag-005"/></a> <a href="https://postimages.org/" target="_blank"><img src="https://i.postimg.cc/ZRJ1Q6kd/Epic-Drag-006.png" alt="Epic-Drag-006"/></a> <a href="https://postimages.org/" target="_blank"><img src="https://i.postimg.cc/sghdGV9v/Epic-Drag-007.jpg" alt="Epic-Drag-007"/></a> <a href="https://postimages.org/" target="_blank"><img src="https://i.postimg.cc/QCtv8sdN/Epic-Drag-008.png" alt="Epic-Drag-008"/></a></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote>If Dark Asylum Mystery Adventure doesn't interest you, but you still want something to play, you'll find details of some game deals whether they be sale items, indie bundles or games being given away for free <a href="http://www.giveawayoftheday.com/forums/topic/458939#post-569898" rel="nofollow"><strong>HERE</strong></a> (I've not updated the thread in a while, but most of the links still take you to the latest deals).</blockquote><blockquote>The rest of the information that used to be posted in the game review can be found in the forums <a href="https://www.giveawayoftheday.com/forums/topic/466808" rel="nofollow"><strong>HERE</strong></a>. Finally, check out Delenns threads for details of other free games and offers <a href="https://www.giveawayoftheday.com/forums/topic/466757/page/2?replies=6" rel="nofollow"><strong>HERE</strong></a> and elsewhere in the game discussion forums <a href="https://www.giveawayoftheday.com/forums/forum/17" rel="nofollow"><strong>HERE</strong></a>, (usually on the first page of the game discussion forums). Also, check out the free games available via Indie Gala <a href="https://www.indiegala.com/showcase" rel="nofollow"><strong>HERE</strong></a> , the latest additions include PoTaToMAN seeks the TROOF, Glorkian Warrior: The Trials of Glork and Rex: Another Island. The latest game from Epic Games is <a href="https://www.epicgames.com/store/en-US/product/enter-the-gungeon/home" rel="nofollow"><strong>Enter the Gungeon</strong></a> a bullet hell dungeon crawler (worth £10.99/$15.99/€14.99/₽349). This will change to Rebel Galaxy a game of action-packed combat, exploration, discovery, trade, and “negotiation” with the outlandish denizens at the edge of the known universe on the 20th June 19 (worth £14.99/$19.99/€16.79/₽419); also, there are nine pages (15 games per page) of free games available via Steam <a href="https://store.steampowered.com/genre/Free%20to%20Play/" rel="nofollow"><strong>HERE</strong></a></blockquote>
Reply | Comment by Whiterabbit-uk – 7 months ago – Did you find this comment useful? yes | no (+11)
It was a freebie on steam so no need to download
Reply | Comment by Tekhour – 7 months ago – Did you find this comment useful? yes | no (0)
Tekhour,
Thanks for the info Tekhour, I missed that deal. It's no longer free via Steam, but is only £0.79/$0.99. There are far better puzzles available for free via sites like Caiman Games that are suitable for both children and adults. For free today''s game is worth the download if you have children, but for an adult I wouldn't even pay £0.79 for it.
Tekhour, Thanks for the info Tekhour, I missed that deal. It's no longer free via Steam, but is only £0.79/$0.99. There are far better puzzles available for free via sites like <a href="http://www.caiman.us/" rel="nofollow"><strong>Caiman</strong></a> Games that are suitable for both children and adults. For free today''s game is worth the download if you have children, but for an adult I wouldn't even pay £0.79 for it.
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Online Card Games Thread
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Author Topic: Online Card Games Thread (Read 19138 times)
Wingflier
Core Member Mark II
To add me on Steam, click the little Steam icon ^
Re: Online Card Games Thread
Apparently Sol Forge is being canceled and the servers are going offline forever. That's what I heard anyway.
Now in terms of Duelyst, the expansion adds a lot of powerful stuff yes, but I'm hesitant to call any of it overpowered. Grandmaster Variax is indeed really strong, but it costs 7 mana, and you can't use its connected ability until the next turn, which makes it very situational.
In general Duelyst seems to have sped up quite a bit (each expansion seems to make the game faster), which is both a good and a bad thing. Good because faster games but bad because long-term control strategies seem harder and harder to pull off. In any case, I've beaten an Abyssian after they've used Variax on many occasions simply because the 7/7 they dropped on that turn didn't do anything, and I was free to hit her face until death.
On that note I'm playing a new card game now called Eternal. It's made by the same people who created Elder Scrolls: Legends (currently my favorite), except where ESL is more of a Hearthstone clone where Eternal is more of a Magic the Gathering clone. Dire Wolf Digital (the developer) is a wonderful company, and they make fantastic games.
Eternal in particular is cool because it has a mobile app, which I've really enjoyed using. So I can just switch between PC and Tablet as needed.
"Inner peace is the void of expectation. It is the absence of our shared desperation to feel a certain way."
TheVampire100
Ordinary Vampire
Didn't know that Solforge gets closed but I looked it up and you are right, at the end of this month it's gone. That's sad, I liked the game. But it does not come to any surprise, the game wasn't really popular and they had troubles to maintain it.
I'm wondering if their other game will vanish soon too...
I may have to change my statement on Variax. Let's be honest, the card is too strong as where it stands, even if you have to wait another turn to benefit from it. However liek you said, the game got so fast, that you see it rarely in games. Aggressive decks got even more popular than they were before. And every deck runs now healing because otherwise you cannot keep up long enough to pull out your combos. It's getting really pathetic at this point how aggressive the game has become. Because of this I played a very strong defenvise deck just to go the other way as everyone else (I do this often in card games, I like unusual playstyles fromt he current meta). I thought the deck would suck really hard but I was surprised that I managed to beat 3 of 4 matches with it.
It was a Lyonar Provoke deck with Highmane (the one that adds +2 attack). The game has almost onlyProvoke creatures as well as some utility spells/minions to deal with stuff that might get troublesome. The strategy is to let the enemy run into high health provoke units (which is a trait of Lyonar anyway) until he runs out of Steam, so I can hit back with Divine Bond and damage to the face. Many minions have high health but poot attack stats, that's why I took Highmane over the other girl, so I can buff them and make them a little stronger.
Surprisingly a lot players have now problems with heavy provoker decks despite that being always a thing from the beginning. But because the game got so fast and people dropped provokers mostly, no one excepts to play mainly these.
The deck really has some strong weaknesses and I wonder why I didn't get bashed hard already. Even the one lose I got was close.
You're not the only one that praises eternal. But everytime a new card game comes out, it's the same, epople praise it like it's the new Messiah of TCGs but eventually the popularity will dwindle. I will or will not look at it but since it's still in EA I propably wait until the full release, who knows what they will change until then.
Well it's certainly not "the new messiah" of TCGs. I think whoever said that was exaggerating quite a bit. It's a good game, but it's probably inferior to actual Magic the Gathering in terms of depth and complexity. It's like a casual version of magic that doesn't cost thousands of dollars to play competitively. In fact, everything I've heard about Eternal, and supposedly one of the things that makes it so fantastic is that it's the most generous card game out there.
When you use the "Draft" mode, which is like Arena in HS or Duelyst, you actually get to keep all the cards you drafted...permanently, which is like holy shit. The game doesn't seem to be lacking in generosity at all. I've even heard players say that the game is so generous, they're not even sure how the developers are going to make money from it.
From what I hear it's even more generous than Elder Scrolls Legends, which I think is already incredibly generous. I've spent $10 on that game, mostly to support the developers vs. the $140 I've spent on Duelyst, and even with a fraction of the playtime, I think my ESL collection is significantly more complete than my Duelyst one. Of course Duelyst has more expansions (ESL is still technically in beta), but in ESL you can use the in-game mechanics like Solo Arena or dust farming against bots to guarantee packs and crafting material in a relatively short time. If Eternal is even more generous than this then...well holy cow.
But yes, I don't think eternal is like the savior of all card games, I think it's just a Magic the Gathering lite which is much more accessible and cheaper (understatement). Not to mention that if you want to play MTG online you have to use the MTGO client which is freaking 15 years old and god awful garbage. I guess there are some versions of MTG for Steam (Duels of the Planeswalkers) but I've always heard that these games are kind of an insult to the franchise.
Eternal, by comparison, is much more streamlined and enjoyable to play than any of the MTG clients. Usually MTG players do it in person.
I guess there are some versions of MTG for Steam (Duels of the Planeswalkers) but I've always heard that these games are kind of an insult to the franchise.
As someone that's been a fan of MTG for ages, I can agree with this one. I've tried them, went "bah", and just ignored them. Magic Online may be old, but... it's still got everything it needs. For those of us with no other way to play it, it's good that it's there. I've never had issues with it myself.
There is also Magic Duels which is a free Magic online game that is not hideous as Magic Online.
I have only played the tutotiral so far however but the game got recently a new expansion with 100 new cards and there are already 6 or 7 sets in the game.
Also I cannot find the Eternal Mobile App.
Solforge also gave away all cards you got in draft mode and I didn't see anyone talking about that but whatever...
Finally reached Gold Rank in Duelyst for the first time. I searched for decks online and built one as close as possible. I still need some of the core cards for this deck but I managed to find good replacements.
I found also another card game on mobile phones: Mabinogi Duels.
It's a spin off TCG of the MMORPG witht he same name. However, the game shares little with the RPG, except some characters and I believe they are only in there for the sake of recognition value. Some spells of Mabinogi are present but most cards have nothing to do with mabinogi at all. But whatever, the card game itself is what counts.
This card game does not draw inspirations of Hearthstone for a change. I'm getting tired of these card games that just want to copy the most famous card games out there.
That does not mean that Mabinogi Duels has nothing in common with other card games, it just means it does not so to 100%. It's best describes as a mix of Solforge and Magic.
The game does not use a single mana resource but multiple ones. The resources are similiar to Magics colored mana but this time they are called "Nature, gold" and other stuff. Different card categories use different types of resoruces, items use gold, wild creatures use nature, undead use souls and so on.
The game uses the same lane system as in Solforge, cards are put in one of five lanes and can only attack the enemy in the same lane (or the other player if no enemy is present). Some cards have abilities that lets them attack enemies in other lanes, like archers, but you still cannot target wich one, the ability tells you, what enemy is targeted (for example elven archers only target enemies with the most HP).
Unlike other games, there is no auto-counter (which... kind of fits in the system of Mabinogi if I think about it), your cards act only on your turn, enemy cards only on their turn, which basically means that your cards can attack the enemy without receiving damage and vice versa.
Your cards and your character have levels. At some point you can level up your character. Normally you can play one card per turn (regardless of your resources) but you once you level up, you can have two actions or three actions (level 3 is the max). Additionally every card you play after that will have level 2/3. Cards on the field won't change however. If you don't have enough ressources, you can also use your extra actions to gather more resources (instead of playing lands like in Magic). Some cards provide also additional resources (for example a shrine).
The game feaures... a deep story for a singleplayer experience, which is kind of strange given the genre this is in. But the developers of Mabinogi seem to love rich stories, so whatever. The singleplayer campaign provides you with a fixed deck and some battles are scripted (for story purposes) but as always you can simply battle other players.
For some odd reason you can buy booster packs only with gems, which is the premium currency of the game. I might be wrong with that, I just started yesterday with the game, but at least it looks like this. You get however regular rewards in form of small boosters that give you a random single card. Not that great, I know.
What I really liek about this game however is, it's a fulyl fledged TCG. It's not a CCG. You CAn tarde cards with other players. there is even an open market for that. Don't have friends or find good offers on the market? There is even a NPC that soemtimes bothers you for a trade. You can haggle with him to ask for different cards or giv him different offers until you get what you like. This propably has it's limits though, but's a good solution for peopkle, who don't want to trade with other players because they fear to get ripped off. This way you also get a grasp of what your cards might actually be worth.
Also, the music is great. I never actually paid attention to music on card games because... it was always the same. But since this is Dev Cat and they are known to put great music int heir games, they did with this game again.
« Last Edit: January 25, 2017, 02:32:31 PM by TheVampire100 »
Well, now two major gaming news sites have called Duelyst objectively better than Hearthstone.
That is QUITE a claim to make, and one that we can assume wasn't done with a profit motive, given that Blizzard is the richest PC gaming company that has ever existed, and Counterplay Games is essentially an indie developer which began with a Kickstarter.
Those two sites are PC Gamer and Rock Paper Shotgun.
https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/2017/01/19/duelyst-patch-boss-battles-free-cards/
http://www.pcgamer.com/duelyst-stands-out-among-the-card-games-that-inspired-it/
That's pretty damn impressive.
That's awesome. But at this point I guess no one doubts it that Duelyst is better. Hearthstone is still popular but it is also corrupted with several overpowered "Win cards" that make the entire game unfun. There are so many game breakers in Hearthstone, that I got no intention to return. Hearthstone has still it's community. However, the peopel that stay have their reasons (pro players, people that have a big collectiond and don't want to start again, people that don't even know that other card games exist).
Hearthstone is the biggest game around simply because it's Blizzard. And I see now each day the tv ad from Hearthstone. If a game appears everywhere and is talked a lot, it will of course get the most players.
I digged deeper into Mabinogi Duels. This one is very interesting. It might however not be suited for this community, I don't know, but I share my thoughts.
Wjhat I didn't realized at first is, you don't draw cards. At all. Every deck has only 12 cards and you have access to all these cards right from the beginning. That does not mean the game has no luck factor in it, but the luck factor isn't in the draw mechanic here, which is a risky approach but I like it. Since you have access to all cards at the start you can take a different approach at building your deck. In many card games you pack a lot of low level cards in the deck, so you have at least one low cost card in your first hand. Since this is not the case here, you can be more flexible int erms of what you put in your deck, you can decide what your first cards should be, what you want for the mid game, late game and so on.
The big breaker in your combos are of course the costs and the number of actions you can take. You get one of each resource at the start of your turn and you can spend actions to get one random resource, you can also sacrifice hand cards to get a resource of the same color.
Eventually you will run out of hand cards, 12 cards aren't that much. You can revive your grave (discarded/destroyed cards) with any action. This sacrifices some HP (according to the number of cards in the grave) but you will get every card in the grave back on your hand. This has however a penality, each revived card costs now one resource more than before.
Reviving cannot kill you, so if you have only 1 Hp left you can still get your cards back in hope of turning the game.
PvP in this game comes in two ways, the most common is PvE actually. The ranked mode in Mabinogi Duels works differently as other games, instead of one big leagure for everyone to climb, there are several arenas for different groups of players (new players, experienced players and so on) and instead of reseting each month, they reset after several days, the smalles one even after a few hours. That way you get faster your rewards and can try another time if you failed. Attending arenas costs gold but since you get gold with each match, you get that back quickly. However, there is a limit on how many matches you can play at each arena. For wins you get points (that define your rank at the end), win streaks get more points but are capped (depending on the arena).
Rewards vary from gold, to gems, to new boosters, depending ony our rank and the arena. I got two boosters of the older sets (5 new cards each) and 2 miniboosters of the newest set (1 card per booster) on the newbie arena rank 3. I also got 7 gems (which isn't much) and 755 gold. And tickets. I... still don't know what these are used for.
Arena works that way, that you register your deck and other players can get matched to it at any time, you don't play directly against them, the computer plays. That way the game removes long waiting times entirely, you just wait a few seconds for the opponent deck to load.
I'm not sure if loosing while the computer controls the deck does count but I think not. only the matches that you directly play count into your rank.
There is also a traditional PVP arena where you can directly fight opponents just like in other card games. This one is closed however until you reach level 9 (I've reached level 5 so far).
anyway, the pve mode is surprisingly fun and the AI does not play dumb (like in Duelyst, ugh, the Ai there is so frustratingly stupid).
Oh, a draft mode is also int here. I... don't know however if this is pvp or pve, I haven't tried yet.
Anyway, Mabinogi Duels tries really hard to make the game stand out from other card games. Maybe too hard? I really like the ideas but liek I said, this might not suit everyone.
Here's a link to the game rules anyway: http://devcat.nexon.com/duel/us/rule
Android: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.nexon.devcat.mabinogiduel.global&hl=de
iOS: https://itunes.apple.com/de/app/mabinogi-duel/id1033398935?mt=8
Mánagarmr
if (isInRange(target)) { kill(target); }
To be entirely fair, it isn't at all difficult to be better than Hearthstone mechanically.
Click here to get started with Mantis for Suggestions and Bug Reports.
Thank you for contributing to making the game better!
But I don't care. The game is so unfun to play, that I cannot bother to dig deeper in the mechanics.
I think what he means is "such and such game is objectively better" doesnt necessarily mean all that much here, when it comes to mechanics, since Hearthstone really ended up going for the super-simple method. It's not at all hard to get a game to be mechanically better.
Right. Hearthstone went with the flashy visuals and neat sound effects to stay entertaining, but for anyone remotely serious about competitive play, it gets boring relatively fast due to it's lack of interesting mechanics and wonky balance. It's definitely a fun casual game though.
I prefer Shadow Era for more serious play, but even that can be played casually. It's just not as pretty as Hearthstone.
I completely agree with you guys about Hearthstone (oversimplified mechanics, too luck-based, primarily casual game).
However, it is overwhelmingly the most popular online card game, both casually and competitively, and its rabid fanbase would rip your head from your shoulders and beat you with it if you were to claim that its mechanics were easily overcome.
In this way it's not so different from League of Legends, which is essentially the MOBA equivalent. LoL is definitely the most popular of the bunch, and the most simple/casual, but do not say that to the playerbase.
Just the fact that these big gaming news sites would come out and say this knowing how much of their fanbase might react, or that they would stop collectively sucking Blizzard's giant e-peen for even 5 seconds is impressive.
Yeah, pretty much.
What's always bugged me about Hearthstone is that the game seemed so much like it had tons of potential to it. Like it could really expand into something awesome. Which is why I'd been so excited by it originally.
But... in the end, that's all it was. Potential. They never WENT anywhere with that. They could have, but they didn't, in the interest of securing the easy money. It's a real shame.
Since then I have had a real hard time getting into this sort of thing. Though, some of that is just my anti-social nature... I typically just dont want to deal with actual people most of the time, and I REALLY dont want to have to wait for them to take their turn. And unfortunately we're still in an age where AI is basically braindead.
Closest I come to this sort of thing nowadays is Sentinels of the Multiverse, on Steam. If you've not seen it, it's a superhero themed game, with a team of heroes working against one supervillain. The big thing about it though for me is that while it plays like a true CCG, it's not a competitive game, and can even be played solo, and even with multiple players it's a PvE sort of thing, as players only control the hero decks. The villain deck (and environment deck) runs on it's own, and has no need for actual AI.
And I absolutely love it. It's just the sort of experience I'd been looking for but without the massive hassle of dealing with other players. It has alot of depth to it and there's TONS of content, though getting ALL of it is expensive (like the physical version it's bundled into groups of expansions). So much replay value though. Switching out even a single hero from one game to the next can change the whole thing up. I"m very impressed at it. Complexity is good, it's not hard to learn the basics but the difficulty can get very high, and certain heroes are stupidly hard to use (like Absolute Zero, who at first glance seems entirely dedicated towards shoving exploding fireballs up his own nose; I know in theory how he's supposed to work but it always goes horribly wrong).
....ANd I dont have to wait for anyone to sit there and slowly think about what they're doing, That's great.
Seems to be a very popular game, too, as geeky card games and such go. I've even seen cosplays from it. I *might* try to see if I can get friends to try it, because that could get hilarious, but they'd have to stop playing Dark Souls, Resident Evil, or JRPG Of THe Month for five damn minutes first.
...Seriously, Dark Souls. I'm so tired of it at this point.
Quote from: Misery on January 27, 2017, 05:12:57 AM
Funny, I don't know of anyone who still plays even Dark Souls 3, aside from myself, because I still haven't finished it. But I'm rarely in Windows these days so it sees very little play.
But I recognize the feeling. Was the same for me when Skyrim was released, and Fallout 3, and Fallout 4...and basically any big, overrated AAA boredom-simulator recently.
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PoweredBI
About Gavurin
This is how we decided to spread the love this Valentine’s Day
by Madeline Broxup | Feb 21, 2018 | Blog | 0 comments
Ah, Valentine’s Day. It’s one of those nationally celebrated days that marketers go crazy for. The creative possibilities are endless and it’s a certified way to get those brainstorm sessions in full swing. Whether you received a loving email to your inbox, or scrolled past a post on your Twitter timeline titled “GIVEAWAY!“, you were probably hit by your favourite brands trying to grab your attention in any way they can. (I personally enjoyed the simplicity of Newcastle-based branding agency Wonderstuff’s “Pop The Question” campaign, inviting people to #makebrandlove with them this Valentine’s Day!)
With many existing clients positioned in the third sector, it’s needless to say we are completely invested in using data for the greater good. The work we’re currently signing off with Hospice UK will allow hospice leaders to better understand and predict end of life care, which will prove an extremely beneficial tool once complete.
With this in mind, we knew that it would only be right to continue to develop our relationship with charities, building those meaningful connections by providing support, and what better way to do that than by raising money for a meaningful cause? One of our Data Scientists had recently attended an event at Ellison Place, “Getting to Grips with the Homelessness Reduction Act with Dr Peter Mackie“, hosted by Youth Homeless North East. It was here that Youth Homeless North East were bought to our attention as a local charity aiming to prevent, tackle and resolve homelessness experienced by young people aged 14 to 25 years old in the North of England, and it was also here that we decided to raise money for this charity in a Valentine’s Day themed raffle.
With the hamper gifts bought and posters stuck all over the Town Hall (our shared offices), we were ready to go. Overall, we raised £120 for YHNE, which is a brilliant result. We were also joined by David Whalley, Regional Project Manager in the morning, who spoke to us about the fantastic efforts that YHNE do to help young people get off the streets and into education, whilst making sure their voices are heard.
We are currently working with YHNE regarding the different ways in which we can support their charity, whether it be through using data or whether they could benefit from an individual’s expertise. As a small business ourselves, we understand the importance of building relationships and engaging with other smaller, local businesses. The Valentine’s raffle has proved to be a great success for both parties, even in terms of PR, we have both been able to tell our own stories around the day and the buzz that it bought. David has told us that the donations will contribute towards various things, including buying the pizza that is offered to young people as a means of encouraging them to get involved in activities!
A special thanks to everyone in the Town Hall who donated money, and to David and the rest of the YHNE team for being especially great at the work they do. We look forward to working with you in the future!
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Geoff Wakeling
Inside Evil
Gathin Chronicles
About Geoff Wakeling
Up to her eyeballs in debt, Dr. Rachel Galliance jumps at the chance of a last-minute rotation on Mars, despite being terrified of hypersleep. This is her last chance to get life back on track, and it’s only one stint on Mars – how bad can it be?
When she awakes, her vessel – the Renovo – is eerily quiet; that’s before it begins to disintegrate around her. Fighting for her life and struggling to save her crewmates, Rachel realises something is very wrong. The question’s not will they reach Mars, but will they ever see Earth again?
Available for $2.99 at AMAZON US | AMAZON UK
It was cold, barren, and the last place Rachel wanted to go, but if she was ever to pay off her debts, a rotation on the Mars colony was the one obvious choice. Space never failed to provide continued allure to the naïve. It called the dreamers of Earth towards the heavens; until its true hostility revealed itself. When that occurred there was only one thing to draw the Environment Habitat Developers out; cash. An 18 month chore as an ENVO would solve all her issues. She could repay her loans, take care of mounting bills, and return to the relative luxury of Earth. There was only one problem – the thing that terrified her more than space itself – hypersleep. Unfortunately that was a mandatory part of her upcoming tour. Black. Nothingness. No dreaming, no calm drifting into sleep, the absence of a blissful awakening. Just emptiness. Death. It was truly frightening.
Rachel looked down at her bare legs as she sat under the harsh lights of the prep room. She should’ve shaved; the small black hairs were well past acceptable levels. They pricked the surface like the first spines on a young porcupine. The metal floor was cold under her feet, the bench beneath her hard and uncomfortable. She was about to face her worst nightmare and yet, here she was, thinking about just how undesirable she’d appear when her lukewarm body was flopped into the sleep box.
The door behind her slid open and Rachel instinctively drew her thin robe closer – she could hold on to her modesty for a little longer.
“Dr. Galliance?”
The man entering looked up from his tablet device as she nodded.
“If you’d come with me.”
She stood, wondering if he saw through the attempted bravado. Her forced smile wasn’t as strong as she’d hoped for, and she could feel herself trembling. It was too late to back out now. All the arrangements had been made. There was only one thing laying in her future; Mars.
Even with her eyes closed, she could see them still; the dark and wailing skulls that haunted her without reprieve. They loomed in the night sky, pulsing in and out of view like a moving tide, blazing bright with piercing tones of bloody red and the fires of Earth’s end. The heavens were filled with the thunder of roars, the lightning of screams. The sound came from her own lips as well as others; unseen strangers, lone voices becoming an orchestra of terror. Did the blackness end? Were her companions ever silenced? Or was the torment one never-ending cascade as hell itself must be? Darkness. Terrifying blackness. A nightmare that knew no end.
Rachel awoke with a start, fear spreading through her body as pins and needles froze her. It took a moment, but her mind finally found its place, bringing with it the clarity needed to eradicate the panic.
The transparent ceiling of her sleep box was already whirring away out of sight. The same action occurred along the line of coffin-shapes that loomed in the dimly lit room as if only shadows. Aside from the low, mechanical whir there was silence. Stillness. A complete absence of life.
She lay there in the cocoon of swaddling; material like cotton wool that wrapped her skin as if a fleece to a sheep. The tingling in her bones subsided quickly and she shrank from her outstretched position to a curled, foetal shape as the abruptness of her waking shocked her. It was cold, and the air pricking against her skin felt like an ice-cube sticking to a frozen windshield.
“You’d have thought they’d have turned on the heat, brought us a flannel and handed out some salted nuts for our arrival.”
She looked across and saw a tanned and broad man sitting bolt upright in his box. He seemed remarkably awake considering her own blurred consciousness. He saw her looking and winked.
“Guess the service ain’t quite up to the standards all those brochures promise.”
He stood, stepping out of his sleeping container without a stitch of clothing on.
“Dendrick,” he smiled, hovering over her box so that nothing was left to the imagination. She shrank further into her cushioning, hiding her pale and prickly legs as the sight of him reminded her she was alone in the presence of strangers.
“Rachel Galliance,” she replied, not quite knowing why she felt the need to share her surname. “You know you’re naked, right?”
“Sure do. I’m in and out of hypersleep just as God himself intended; naked as the day I was born and ripped down to the finest millimetre.” His muscular thighs strode by her to the lockers on the wall and he began fumbling with the handles.
“Well if you could cover up that millimetre sometime soon I’d be grateful.”
There was a chuckle to her left, and Rachel saw the rest of the unit was waking. Almost a dozen or so sleeping boxes now had movement from within. A hand came waving through the air for a high-five. Rachel was so long without interaction that the slap against her palm sent a stinging sensation through her.
“I couldn’t have said it better myself. Put the midget away, we’re all gonna puke before we’ve even had breakfast. I’m Louanne.”
She looked up from her stinging hand and saw a bright face in the box next to her. The woman had fine features and closely cropped hair. Like Dendrick, she was alert, and began to climb out and put herself in order. Though, unlike the man, a small crop top and boxer shorts protected her modesty.
“The first time’s always a bitch. Few more rotations like us two and you’ll get used to it.”
“Are you and…”
“Feck, no!” Dendrick called as he pulled a blue T-shirt over his head.
“Oi! You think I’d even stay with you with that thing?!” Louanne cajoled as she joined him by the lockers and winked as she glanced between his legs. She unsnapped a door and began to pull out her own belongings. “We always do the geo rotations together. Pays better that way; I’m the brains, he’s my brawn.”
“Hey! I’ve got my PhD too.”
“Yeah, yeah, is that what they call those crappy credentials from that busted institute?” She smiled affectionately at him, before waltzing back across the room and offering a hand to Rachel. Rachel took it thankfully, the grey fuzziness beginning to fade but jading her senses no less. “So newbie, what you here for?”
“Bio sourcing and recognition.”
“Ha, the alien expert, eh? Go forth and find life…or some crap like that, right? I wouldn’t get excited; only new thing you’ll find is some goddamn tasteless mould in the algae processors.”
“How many times you been out here?” Rachel asked as she stood in front of the lockers and searched for her name. As usual, she found herself right at the top. A pigeon hole, mailbox, locker; it didn’t matter what it was, it was always at the top, despite her small stature causing an obvious issue. But people didn’t have time for problems, and luck never seemed to be on her side.
“Thanks,” she smiled as Dendrick saw her pondering, unsnapped the metal storage box and passed the bundle of clothes and small bag into her arms.
“The rest will be in cargo,” he said, answering her next question before attending to her previous one. “Fourth and last vacation, baby. You gotta love Mars, but the sand is way nicer down in sunny Ha-Wa-iiiiiii.”
“Yeah, and we’d be there already if this idiot hadn’t signed us up for a final road trip. Third time’s a charm, I say. We’re set up for the next few years, I plead. And this one puts our names down again.”
“That’s MY brains for you; after this we’re retiring and living the life of luxury.” He gave the women a wink, before adding, “And you, Dr. Galliance, can come join us any time you like.”
“Guess I need to do a few more rotations before I can pay my way,” Rachel replied as she set her things on the floor and began to pull on the standard ENVO jumpsuit. Around her, others were doing the same, until the entire room was filled with uniformed blue lemmings ready to get to whatever work was instructed. “Where is everyone?”
“No meet’n’greet here. This ain’t no Butlins. By the time we get off this planet, we’ll all be the colour o’ red, have that ENVO stink, and be lacking the social niceties of home. I seen it all before. You gotta work for that money, ere.”
Rachel turned to find the source of the North England accent. His teeth were bright ivory against his dark skin. Despite his words, his eyes were cheery, his tone upbeat.
“Ballard,” he said, nodding slightly.
“Dr. Galliance, bio-sourcing and…”
“I ‘eard you. Now, if it ain’t time for brekkie, I don’t know. I gotta fill my gut before we land and this hunk o’ junk gets disassembled.”
He moved towards the door and led the group, pulling an ID card from his jumpsuit and swiping it across the sensor. Rachel reached up to her own breast pocket as the door slid open and found she also had a small, hard card stowed on her. She pulled it out and saw it was similar to her Identicard from Earth, though her details and biochip were imprinted across the red, grainy image of Mars’s surface.
There were voices outside, and Rachel followed Ballard and the others in joining the throng of blue jumpsuits as if she were a tributary’s water flowing into a rushing river. It was true what he’d said; the Renovo – Ballard’s ‘hunk o’ junk’ – was more than their transport; she was their new home too. Once landed, the vast modules of metal, the junctions, circuits, bolts and sheeting that had so silently glided through space, would be disassembled, repurposed and added to the growing Mars colony they were now orbiting. She was a one-way ship, a vessel with far more to give than the journey itself. She was, as Rachel thought of it, in her infant form awaiting metamorphosis. Perhaps, as a newbie ENVO herself, the two of them shared a similar fate.
There was laughter ahead, and Rachel looked and saw they’d emerged into a mess hall. There were no windows; every room, each corridor, served a purpose for later. Windows were a luxurious extra that the colonists had to minimise. Instead, a wide metal box with a low ceiling was laid out with narrow tables and benches cutting across the rectangular space. Breakfast was dispensed by vending machines. Industrial pipes disappeared into the ceiling above each booth; chutes down which their meals dropped once their new ID cards had been scanned.
Rachel took a tray, swiped her card at the first machine and looked disdainfully down at the small, non-descript silver pouch that dropped from the vending machine. There was a straw fastened on one side, and she turned it over in her hands, squeezing it slightly in her fingers to discover that it was squidgy. ‘Rehydration Solution – Strawberry’, she saw, written in machine-stamped black text. It was far from a milkshake, but at least they’d managed to tailor it towards her taste. Though, as she placed the packet on her tray, she suspected it’d taste much like the nose-wrinkling protein shake monstrosities from back home.
Moving to the next booth, Rachel was equally as disappointed when another pouch fell out. This time it rattled when she shook it. She peeled back the opening edge slightly and saw there were several dried, brown cubes inside. The deposit was followed by a bottle of water taped inside a thin plastic bowl.
“Ain’t no fried eggs, is it?” Ballard muttered as Rachel slumped onto the bench beside where he and the others were already seated.
“It’s fine,” she replied, scanning the scant food. Why did I accept this job? She never dreamt of a bronzed and warm waffle, ice-cream on the side and drizzled with maple syrup – she knew cuisine was about to hit an all-time low. But this? That waffle sounded like a decadent treat.
“Rookie, eh?”
Rachel looked up from her dismal meal to see a tall, willowy woman with long platinum hair slide onto the bench opposite.
“How did you…?”
The woman tipped her head towards the metal tray still clutched in Rachel’s hands; she hadn’t even begun to unwrap the off-putting food.
“Am I the only one who hasn’t done this before?”
“I’m sure there are a few others,” the woman replied as she pulled open the silver pouch containing the cubes. She tipped the three chunky and unappetizing bricks into her bowl and proceeded to pour water over them. “The problem is, ENVO’s cut out for Mars end up staying, and rookies who leave never wanna come back. They can’t have all that wasted transportation and training costs, so most of the firms prefer to utilise us folks who don’t mind wasting half our lives on journeys back and forth as long as the pay cheque’s good.” She used a small spoon concealed on the back of the silver packet to stir the sludgy porridge that was growing in her bowl.
“Ain’t that the truth,” Dendrick said, shovelling food into his mouth. “If you gulp it down, the taste only stays for an hour or so,” he winked.
Around her, people were leaving the benches and replenishing their trays, so Rachel tentatively followed the platinum blonde’s actions and soaked the cubes in water. Now that she looked closer, she saw they were fibrous, as if a tiny bale of hay had been vacuum packed. The material began to instantly expand as it met with the liquid in her bowl, expanding as if it were a living thing under her microscope.
“It’s not that bad. Honestly. Here,” the woman reached across the table and offered a tiny brown envelope. “Sprinkle a little cardamom on it. It helps.”
“Wait? You brought spices?” Rachel looked at the contraband with astonishment.
“Being on the priority hire list has its perks.”
“Here’s to that,” Louanne said as she grabbed her tray and rose from the table. “Spices, booze…smokes,” she added, throwing a questioning look towards Dendrick.
“Well, space hasn’t killed me yet, so they may as well,” he replied, joining Louanne as they pushed their trays into a slit in the wall and hurried out of the room.
“Louanne smuggled in cigarettes?”
“Louanne always smuggles in cigarettes,” Ballard grinned.
“How?” Rachel asked as she sprinkled a little spice onto the thick, clustered porridge before her. She filled the spoon and took a taste; it wasn’t the worst thing she’d ever sampled, though even as she gulped down the lumpy mixture, she realised the aftertaste was far from fleeting.
“The flight crew mostly,” the woman opposite revealed. “As I said, most of us folks do this trip on a regular occurrence. I wouldn’t trade this for flight duty, though. They have to stay awake during the journey; pay’s better, but hell, the boredom is horrendous.”
The porridge was becoming increasingly unappetising, and Rachel pierced the tiny straw into the protein pouch in the hope a little liquid would quicken the meal’s passing. Unfortunately it added to the distaste in her mouth and created an additional layer of revulsion. Now, there was a thick, slimy coating on her tongue, sealing her mouth shut as if she was eating glue.
From the doorway, she saw a slight, angular-faced woman hurry across the room. She flashed a look of annoyance towards Ballard as he raised his glass towards her which implied they were far from strangers. The newcomer ignored his jeer, and whispered something to the woman sitting opposite. There was a clatter as stools were pushed back, and within the blink of an eye, the two women were gone from the refectory.
“What was that about?” Rachel asked, staring after the duo.
“Hell’s if I know,” Ballard replied as he shovelled another heaped spoon into his mouth.
Rachel left the bench quickly, aware that Ballard was grumbling about her discarded tray. She didn’t care; she’d seen the look on the woman’s face and it wasn’t one to take lightly. She made it across the room and out the door within seconds. A few ENVO’s had filtered out across the ship, including Dendrick and Louanne; Rachel had no doubt they were huddling in a dark corner inhaling nicotine desperately. However, for the most part, the corridors were sparse. It didn’t take long for her to catch the cascade of silver hair glistening under the lights, and she hurried to catch the two women.
“Are you absolutely sure? What about Hinder? Palau?”
The woman – Silver as Rachel tagged her – marched ferociously along, her cascade of hair shining under the lights.
“They’re not here, Jax. I’m telling you, we’ve looked everywhere. It’s completely empty.”
“But they left with us, they had too. Keren, Louanne’s down some dark grate right now chugging her lungs out. She got those fucking ciggies from Galen, she had to. He’s our guy, he’s THE guy.”
“I’m telling you, they’re not here. The whole thing’s freaking me out. Every item on our contraband list was individually stashed in our lockers, but there’s no one here. We’re on our own. The entire flight crew is gone.”
“GONE?” Rachel couldn’t help herself as she heard Keren’s revelation.
The women whirled around in an instant and bore down upon her, taking her between their arms and drawing her through the corridor. It was shrinking somehow; the cold metal walls seeming to close in around her. The claustrophobic darkness stirred inside her and the terror of hypersleep was momentarily remembered.
“For God’s sake, don’t scream it out.” Silver’s hair swished back and forth as their pace quickened and her grip upon Rachel tightened. “I’m sure there’s a perfectly reasonable explanation for this.”
“For why we’re completely abandoned in the middle of space?!”
“Not you too, Keren?!” Silver asked, rolling her eyes and pulling them along. “You ain’t some rookie, you’ve been to flight auto-nav. Pull it together. We’ll just use autopilot, and then ground control takes over and eases the Renovo down. It’ll be back to work as normal and you’ll be wishing this whole thing had been more exciting. There’ll be a very simple explanation for all of this.”
“Of that I very much doubt,” Rachel said briskly as she shrugged off their grip and tried to manage her panic. “What the hell is going on? Where’s the crew?”
“How should I know? I don’t run this bloody thing. I’ve been in cold storage, same as you.”
They continued along the corridor, occasionally twisting at an intersection so that Rachel had no idea where they were or, indeed, how to get back.
“Where are we headed?”
“Nav Control. We aren’t normally allowed in, but seeing as there’s no one to stop us we might as well…”
They reached another intersection, the subtly oval-shaped hallways disappearing around curves in both directions. “I’ll be damned if I can remember the bloody blueprint…Keren, which way?”
“Left. Nav Control is just ahead, we can…” She was cut off mid-sentence by a loud pop, after which she let out a roar of pain. “What the fuck?!” Keren howled as she grabbed her leg. Rachel looked down and saw crimson between the woman’s clenched fingers.
“Shit,” Silver cried as Rachel saw there was not only a bullet-sized hole in Keren’s leg, but in the metal wall too. She couldn’t stop her fear now and she stared at the hole in the wall as Keren’s cursing rang in her ears and the sound of air being sucked into the void began.
“Grab the patch,” Silver commanded as she began to support Keren’s weight.
The words meant nothing to Rachel, and she stood motionless, still transfixed on the hull breach. There was nothing between them and space but this metal tin. And here she was, staring straight into the void.
There was a stinging sensation across her face and she lifted her eyes to see Silver’s hand drawing away.
“For God’s sake, pull yourself together,” the woman shouted in her face, before pushing her to one side and pulling a black box concealed in the wall to the floor.
“I’ll patch, you help Keren.”
“I don’t need any help, I…”
There was another loud pop, and Keren fell silent as the side of her head exploded. Blood sprayed across Rachel as the force splattered a fountain of red across the wall. Blood continued to pump from Keren’s body as she fell to the floor, and Rachel stepped back as the incoming red tide trickled towards her feet.
She was about to escape the growing puddle when the ship lurched violently, throwing Rachel across the corridor. She crashed into Silver and their eyes met.
“Leave the patch,” Silver said quickly, abandoning what she’d been doing.
“How far is it?” Rachel shouted as the lights flickered and the Renovo lurched again. An alarm began to sound; shrill, deafening and fear-inducing. There was nowhere safe to run, no bolthole or shelter to scurry into. Their tin can was at the mercy of space’s wrath; inside was dangerous – outside was certain death. The realisation was terrifying.
“Come on,” Silver shouted as she raced away. She’d reached an airlock and had one hand gripped around the doorframe’s rim, the other beckoning for Rachel to join her. She snatched at Rachel’s clothes as soon as she could, and dragged her across the threshold before sliding the door into place and punching the manual Incredi-lock button.
“You can’t do that, you’ll fritz the whole system!”
“The hell I can’t. Space may have just got a slice of the pie, but it ain’t getting me. Not today, anyways.”
Rachel looked back, pressing her face to the thin window slats etched in the door. The siren, her panic, Silver’s desperate calls – whatever it had been – had distracted Rachel from the obliteration. She gasped as she saw the dark void in place of the hallway. There was nothing left aside from the jagged edges of torn metal, the ferocious assault silenced by the vacuum on the other side of the door.
“The others, they’ll…”
“The siren will have triggered an automatic lockdown. We’ll have to manually open all the Incredi-locks now. And that is gonna be a bitch of a job.”
Rachel stared out the window in horror. Keren and anyone else unfortunate enough to have become locked in a breached zone were gone.
“Space junk maybe, a rogue packet of screws some careless engineer let float off into space. Does it really matter?”
“I’m sorry about Keren, I…”
Silver swirled around and glared at her.
“I don’t wanna hear her name. You haven’t the right to talk to me about her. You’re no one, a chancer, a first rotation scud. You don’t get the privilege to think you mean anything.”
“I’m sorry, I…”
“We need to get to Nav Control and find out what the hell’s going on.”
Silver turned away from her, leaving Rachel leaning against the cold wall as she tried to focus. The Renovo lurched again, the ship’s parts grinding against one another and filling the air with terrible shrieking to join the drone of the alarm.
She was an ENVO. It was her first rotation; it was to be her last too. The trip, the flight – hell, even the work itself – was a means to an end, not some great journey of discovery. She was here for the cash. She was here to set her life straight. Now it seemed she might die out here.
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Sci am special online issue 2003.no06 - prehistoric beasts
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1. COPYRIGHT 2003 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC.
2. 2 8 TABLE OF CONTENTS ScientificAmerican.com exclusive online issue no. 6PREHISTORIC BEASTS Feathered dinosaurs, walking whales, killer kangaroos—these are but a few of the fantastic creatures that roamed the planet before the dawn of humans. For more than 200 years, scientists have studied fossil remnants of eons past, painstakingly piecing together the history of life on earth. Through their efforts, not only have long-extinct beasts come to light, but the origins of many modern animals have been revealed. In this exclusive online issue, Scientific American authors ponder some of the most exciting paleontological discoveries made in recent years. Gregory Erickson reexamines T. rex and reconstructs how the monster lived. Ryosuke Motani describes the reign of fishlike reptiles known as ichthyosaurs. Kevin Padian and Luis Chiappe trace today’s birds back to their carnivorous, bipedal dinosaur forebears. And Stephen Wroe presents the menacing relatives of Australia’s beloved pouched mammals. Other articles document the descent of whales from four-legged landlubbers and recount the chal- lenges and rewards of leading fossil-collecting expeditions to uncharted locales. —the Editors Breathing Life into Tyrannosaurus rex BY GREGORY M. ERICKSON; SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, SEPTEMBER 1999 By analyzing previously overlooked fossils and by taking a second look at some old finds, paleontologists are providing the first glimpses of the actual behavior of the tyrannosaurs The Teeth of the Tyrannosaurs BY WILLIAM L. ABLER; SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, SEPTEMBER 1999 Their teeth reveal aspects of their hunting and feeding habits Madagascar's Mesozoic Secrets BY JOHN J. FLYNN AND ANDRÉ R. WYSS, SIDEBAR BY KATE WONG; SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, FEBRUARY 2002 The world's fourth-largest island divulges fossils that could revolutionize scientific views on the origins of dinosaurs and mammals Rulers of the Jurassic Seas BY RYOSUKE MOTANI; SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, DECEMBER 2000 Fish-shaped reptiles called ichthyosaurs reigned over the oceans for as long as dinosaurs roamed the land, but only recently have paleontologists discovered why these creatures were so successful The Origin of Birds and Their Flight BY KEVIN PADIAN AND LUIS M. CHIAPPE; SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, FEBRUARY 1998 Anatomical and aerodynamic analyses of fossils and living birds show that birds evolved from small, predatory dinosaurs that lived on the ground The Mammals That Conquered the Seas BY KATE WONG; SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, MAY 2002 New fossils and DNA analyses elucidate the remarkable evolutionary history of whales Killer Kangaroos and Other Murderous Marsupials BY STEPHEN WROE; SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, MAY 1999 Australian mammals were not all as cute as koalas. Some were as ferocious as they were bizarre 1 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN EXCLUSIVE ONLINE ISSUE APRIL 2003 COPYRIGHT 2003 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC. 10 18 26 36 45
3. Scientific American September 1999 1Breathing Life into Tyrannosaurus rex Breathing Life into Tyrannosaurus rex Byanalyzingpreviouslyoverlookedfossilsand bytakingasecondlookatsomeoldfinds, paleontologistsareprovidingthefirstglimpses oftheactualbehaviorofthetyrannosaurs by Gregory M. Erickson Originally published September 1999 COPYRIGHT 2003 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC.
4. TYRANNOSAURUS REX defends its meal, a Triceratops, from other hungry T. rex. Tro- odontids, the small velociraptors at the bottom left, wait for scraps left by the tyrannosaurs, while pterosaurs circle overhead on this typ- ical day some 65 million years ago. Trees and flowering plants complete the landscape; grass- es have yet to evolve. KAZUHIKOSANO COPYRIGHT 2003 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC.
5. APRIL 20034 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN EXCLUSIVE ONLINE ISSUE Dinosaurs ceased to walk the earth 65 million years ago, yet they still live among us. Velociraptors star in movies, and Tricer- atops clutter toddlers’ bedrooms. Of these charismatic animals, however, one species has always ruled our fantasies. Children, Steven Spielberg and profes- sional paleontologists agree that the su- perstar of the dinosaurs was and is Tyrannosaurus rex. Harvard University paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould has said that every species designation represents a theory about that animal. The very name Tyrannosaurus rex—“tyrant lizard king”—evokes a powerful image of this species. John R. Horner of Montana State University and science writer Don Lessem wrote in their book The Com- plete T. Rex, “We’re lucky to have the opportunity to know T. rex, study it, imagine it, and let it scare us. Most of all, we’re lucky T. rex is dead.” And pa- leontologist Robert T. Bakker of the Glenrock Paleontological Museum in Wyoming described T. rex as a “10,000- pound [4,500-kilogram] roadrunner from hell,” a tribute to its obvious size and power. In Spielberg’s Jurassic Park, which boasted the most accurate popular de- piction of dinosaurs ever, T. rex was, as usual, presented as a killing machine whose sole purpose was aggressive, bloodthirsty attacks on helpless prey. T. rex’s popular persona, however, is as much a function of artistic license as of concrete scientific evidence. A century of study and the existence of 22 fairly complete T. rex specimens have generat- ed substantial information about its anatomy. But inferring behavior from anatomy alone is perilous, and the true nature of T. rex continues to be largely shrouded in mystery. Whether it was even primarily a predator or a scavenger is still the subject of debate. Over the past decade, a new breed of scientists has begun to unravel some of T. rex’s better-kept secrets. These paleo- biologists try to put a creature’s remains in a living context—they attempt to ani- mate the silent and still skeleton of the museum display. T. rex is thus changing before our eyes as paleobiologists use fossil clues, some new and some previ- ously overlooked, to develop fresh ideas about the nature of these magnificent animals. Rather than draw conclusions about behavior solely based on anatomy, pale- obiologists demand proof of actual ac- tivities. Skeletal assemblages of multiple individuals shine a light on the interac- tions among T. rex and between them and other species. In addition, so-called trace fossils reveal activities through physical evidence, such as bite marks in bones and wear patterns in teeth. Also of great value as trace fossils are copro- lites, fossilized feces. (Remains of a herbi- vore, such as Triceratops or Edmon- tosaurus, in T. rex coprolites certainly provide “smoking gun” proof of species interactions!) One assumption that paleobiologists are willing to make is that closely relat- ed species may have behaved in similar ways. T. rex data are therefore being corroborated by comparisons with those of earlier members of the family Tyran- nosauridae, including their cousins Al- bertosaurus, Gorgosaurus and Dasple- tosaurus, collectively known as albertosaurs. Solo or Social? Tyrannosaurs are usually depicted as solitary, as was certainly the case in Jurassic Park. (An alternative excuse for that film’s loner is that the movie’s genetic wizards wisely created only one.) Mounting evidence, however, points to gregarious T. rex behavior, at least for part of the animals’ lives. Two T. rex excavations in the Hell Creek Formation of eastern Montana are most compelling. In 1966 Los Angeles County Muse- um researchers attempting to exhume a Hell Creek adult were elated to find another, smaller individual resting atop the T. rex they had originally sought. This second fossil was iden- tified at first as a more petite species of tyrannosaur. My examination of the histological evidence—the micro- structure of the bones—now suggests that the second animal was actually a subadult T. rex. A similar discovery was made during the excavation of “Sue,” the largest and most complete fossil T. rex ever found. Sue is perhaps as famous for her $8.36-million auc- tion price following ownership hag- gling as for her paleontological status [see “No Bones about It,” News and Analysis, Scientific American, De- cember 1997]. Remains of a second adult, a juvenile and an infant T. rex were later found in Sue’s quarry. Re- searchers who have worked the Hell Creek Formation, myself included, generally agree that long odds argue against multiple, loner T. rex finding their way to the same burial. The more parsimonious explanation is that the animals were part of a group. An even more spectacular find from 1910 further suggests gregarious behav- ior among the Tyrannosauridae. Re- searchers from the American Museum of Natural History in New York City working in Alberta, Canada, found a bone bed—a deposit with fossils of many individuals—holding at least nine of T. rex’s close relatives, albertosaurs. Philip J. Currie and his team from the Royal Tyrrell Museum of Paleontology in Alberta recently relocated the 1910 find and are conducting the first de- tailed study of the assemblage. Such ag- gregations of carnivorous animals can occur when one after another gets caught in a trap, such as a mud hole or soft sediment at a river’s edge, in which a prey animal that has attracted them is already ensnared. Under those circum- stances, however, the collection of fos- sils should also contain those of the hunted herbivore. The lack of such her- bivore remains among the albertosaurs (and among the four–T. rex assemblage that included Sue) indicates that the herd most likely associated with one another naturally and perished together from drought, disease or drowning. From examination of the remains col- lected so far, Currie estimates that the animals ranged from four to almost nine meters (13 to 29 feet) in length. This variation in size hints at a group composed of juveniles and adults. One individual is considerably larger and more robust than the others. Although it might have been a different species of albertosaur, a mixed bunch seems un- likely. I believe that if T. rex relatives did indeed have a social structure, this largest individual may have been the pa- triarch or matriarch of the herd. Tyrannosaurs in herds, with complex interrelationships, are in many ways an entirely new species to contemplate. But science has not morphed them into a be- nign and tender collection of Cretaceous Care Bears: some of the very testimony for T. rex group interaction is partially COPYRIGHT 2003 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC.
6. 5 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN EXCLUSIVE ONLINE ISSUE APRIL 2003 healed bite marks that reveal nasty in- terpersonal skills. A paper just pub- lished by Currie and Darren Tanke, also at the Royal Tyrrell Museum, highlights this evidence. Tanke is a leading author- ity on paleopathology—the study of an- cient injuries and disease. He has detect- ed a unique pattern of bite marks among theropods, the group of carnivo- rous dinosaurs that encompasses T. rex and other tyrannosaurs. These bite marks consist of gouges and punctures on the sides of the snout, on the sides and bottom of the jaws, and occasional- ly on the top and back of the skull. Interpreting these wounds, Tanke and Currie reconstructed how these dino- saurs fought. They believe that the ani- mals faced off but primarily gnawed at one another with one side of their com- plement of massive teeth rather than snapping from the front. The workers also surmise that the jaw-gripping be- havior accounts for peculiar bite marks found on the sides of tyrannosaur teeth. The bite patterns imply that the com- batants maintained their heads at the same level throughout a confrontation. Based on the magnitude of some of the fossil wounds, T. rex clearly showed little re- serve and sometimes inflict- ed severe damage to its con- specific foe. One tyran- nosaur studied by Tanke and Currie sports a souvenir tooth, embedded in its own jaw, perhaps left by a fellow combatant. The usual subjects—food, mates and territory—may have prompted the vigorous disagreements among tyran- nosaurs. Whatever the moti- vation behind the fighting, the fossil record demon- strates that the behavior was repeated throughout a tyrannosaur’s life. Injuries among younger individuals seem to have been more common, possibly because a juvenile was subject to attack by members of his own age group as well as by large adults. (Nevertheless, the fossil record may also be slightly misleading and sim- ply contain more evidence of injuries in young T. rex. Nonlethal injuries to adults would have eventually healed, destroy- ing the evidence. Juveniles were more likely to die from adult-inflicted injuries, and they carried those wounds to the grave.) Bites and Bits Imagine the large canine teeth of a ba- boon or lion. Now imagine a mouth- ful of much larger canine-type teeth, the size of railroad spikes and with serrated edges. Kevin Padian of the University of California at Berkeley has summed up the appearance of the huge daggers that were T. rex teeth: “lethal bananas.” Despite the obvious potential of such weapons, the general opinion among pa- leontologists had been that dinosaur bite marks were rare. The few published reports before 1990 consisted of brief comments buried in articles describing more sweeping new finds, and the clues in the marred remains concerning be- havior escaped contemplation. Nevertheless, some researchers specu- lated about the teeth. As early as 1973, Ralph E. Molnar of the Queensland Mu- seum in Australia began musing about the strength of the teeth, based on their shape. Later, James O. Farlow of Indi- ana University–Purdue University Fort Wayne and Daniel L. Brinkman of Yale University performed elaborate mor- phological studies of tyrannosaur denti- tion, which made them confident that the “lethal bananas” were robust, thanks to their rounded cross-sectional con- figuration, and would endure bone-shat- tering impacts during feeding. In 1992 I was able to provide material support for such speculation. Kenneth H. Olson, a Lutheran pastor and superb amateur fossil collector for the Museum of the Rockies in Bozeman, Mont., came to me with several specimens. One was a one-meter-wide, 1.5-meter-long partial pelvis from an adult Triceratops. The other was a toe bone from an adult Edmontosaurus (duck-billed dinosaur). I examined Olson’s specimens and found that both bones were riddled with gouges and punctures up to 12 centimeters long and several centimeters deep. The Tricer- atops pelvis had nearly 80 such indenta- tions. I documented the size and shape of the marks and used orthodontic dental putty to make casts of some of the deep- er holes. The teeth that had made the holes were spaced some 10 centimeters apart. They left punctures with eye- shaped cross sections. They clearly in- cluded carinas, elevated cutting edges, on their anterior and posterior faces. And those edges were serrated. The to- tality of the evidence pointed to these indentations being the first definitive bite marks from a T. rex. This finding had considerable behav- ioral implications. It confirmed for the first time the assumption that T. rex fed on its two most common contempo- raries, Triceratops and Edmontosaurus. Furthermore, the bite patterns opened a window into T. rex’s actual feeding tech- niques, which apparently involved two distinct biting behaviors. T. rex usually used the “puncture and pull” strategy, in which biting deeply with enormous force was followed by drawing the teeth through the penetrated flesh and bone, which typically produced long gashes. In this way, a T. rex appears to have detached the pelvis found by Ol- son from the rest of the Triceratops tor- so. T. rex also employed a nipping ap- proach in which the front (incisiform) teeth grasped and stripped the flesh in NIPPING STRATEGY (above) enabled T. rex to remove strips of flesh in tight spots, such as between vertebrae, using only the front teeth. PATRICIAC.WYNNE;GREGORYM.ERICKSON(inset) MASSIVE FORCE generated by T. rex in the “punc- ture and pull” biting technique (above) was sufficient to have created the huge furrows on the surface of the sec- tion of a fossil Triceratops pelvis (inset) COPYRIGHT 2003 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC.
7. APRIL 20036 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN EXCLUSIVE ONLINE ISSUE tight spots between vertebrae, where only the muzzle of the beast could fit. This method left vertically aligned, par- allel furrows in the bone. Many of the bites on the Triceratops pelvis were spaced only a few centimeters apart, as if the T. rex had methodically worked his way across the hunk of meat as we would nibble an ear of corn. With each bite, T. rex appears also to have removed a small section of bone. We presumed that the missing bone had been consumed, confirmation for which shortly came, and from an unusual source. In 1997 Karen Chin of the U.S. Geo- logical Survey received a peculiar, ta- pered mass that had been unearthed by a crew from the Royal Saskatchewan Museum. The object, which weighed 7.1 kilograms and measured 44 by 16 by 13 centimeters, proved to be a T. rex coprolite. The specimen, the first ever confirmed from a theropod and more than twice as large as any previously re- ported meat-eater’s coprolite, was chock-full of pulverized bone. Once again making use of histological meth- ods, Chin and I determined that the shattered bone came from a young her- bivorous dinosaur. T. rex did indeed in- gest parts of the bones of its food sources and, furthermore, partially di- gested these items with strong enzymes or stomach acids. Following the lead of Farlow and Molnar, Olson and I have argued vehe- mently that T. rex probably left multi- tudinous bite marks, despite the paucity of known specimens. Absence of evi- dence is not evidence of absence, and we believe two factors account for this toothy gap in the fossil record. First, re- searchers have never systematically searched for bite marks. Even more im- portant, collectors have had a natural bias against finds that might display bite marks. Historically, museums de- sire complete skeletons rather than sin- gle, isolated parts. But whole skeletons tend to be the remains of animals that died from causes other than predation and were rapidly buried before being dismembered by scavengers. The shred- ded bits of bodies eschewed by muse- ums, such as the Triceratops pelvis, are precisely those specimens most likely to carry the evidence of feeding. Indeed, Aase Roland Jacobsen of the Royal Tyrrell Museum recently sur- veyed isolated partial skeletal remains and compared them with nearly com- plete skeletons in Alberta. She found that 3.5 times as many of the indi- vidual bones (14 percent) bore thero- pod bite marks as did the less disrupt- ed remains (4 percent). Paleobiologists therefore view the majority of the world’s natural history museums as deserts of behavioral evidence when compared with fossils still lying in the field waiting to be discovered and interpreted. Hawk or Vulture? Some features of tyrannosaur biology, such as coloration, vocalizations or mating displays, may remain mysteries. But their feeding behavior is accessible through the fossil record. The collection of more trace fossils may finally settle a great debate in paleontology—the 80- year controversy over whether T. rex was a predator or a scavenger. When T. rex was first found a century ago, scientists immediately labeled it a predator. But sharp claws and powerful jaws do not necessarily a predator make. For example, most bears are omnivo- rous and kill only a small proportion of their food. In 1917 Canadian paleontol- ogist Lawrence Lambe examined a par- tial albertosaur skull and ascertained that tyrannosaurs fed on soft, rotting carrion. He came to this conclusion af- ter noticing that the teeth were relatively free of wear. (Future research would show that 40 percent of shed tyran- nosaur teeth are severely worn and bro- ken, damage that occurs in a mere two to three years, based on my estimates of their rates of tooth replacement.) Lambe thus established the minority view that the beasts were in fact giant terrestrial “vultures.” The ensuing arguments in the predator-versus-scavenger dispute have centered on the anatomy and phys- ical capabilities of T. rex, leading to a tiresome game of point-counterpoint. Scavenger advocates adopted the “weak tooth theory,” which maintained that T. rex’s elongate teeth would have failed in predatory struggles or in bone impacts. They also contended that its diminutive arms precluded lethal at- tacks and that T. rex would have been too slow to run down prey. Predator supporters answered with biomechanical data. They cited my own bite-force studies that demonstrate that T. rex teeth were actually quite robust. (I personally will remain uncommitted in this argument until the discovery of di- rect physical proof.) They also note that Kenneth Carpenter of the Denver Muse- um of Natural History and Matthew Smith, then at the Museum of the Rock- ies, estimate that the “puny” arms of a T. rex could curl nearly 180 kilograms. And they point to the work of Per Chris- tiansen of the University of Copenhagen, who believes, based on limb proportion, that T. rex may have been able to sprint at 47 kilometers per hour. Such speed would be faster than that of any of T. rex’s contemporaries, although endurance and agility, which are difficult to quantify, are equally important in such considera- tions. Even these biomechanical studies fail to resolve the predator-scavenger de- bate—and they never will. The critical determinant of T. rex’s ecological niche is discovering how and to what degree it utilized the animals living and dying in its environment, rather than establishing its presumed adeptness for killing. Both sides concede that predaceous animals, such as lions and spotted hyenas, will scavenge and that classic scavengers, such as vultures, will sometimes kill. And mounting physical evidence leads to the conclusion that tyrannosaurs both hunted and scavenged. Within T. rex’s former range exist bone beds consisting of hundreds and some- times thousands of edmontosaurs that died from floods, droughts and causes other than predation. Bite marks and shed tooth crowns in these edmonto- saur assemblages attest to scavenging behavior by T. rex. Jacobsen has found comparable evidence for albertosaur sca- venging. Carpenter, on the other hand, has provided solid proof of predaceous behavior, in the form of an unsuccessful attack by a T. rex on an adult Edmonto- saurus. The intended prey escaped with several broken tailbones that later healed. The only animal with the stature, proper dentition and biting force to account for this injury is T. rex. Quantification of such discoveries can help determine the degree to which T. rex undertook each method of obtain- ing food, and paleontologists can avoid future arguments by adopting standard definitions of predator and scavenger. Such a convention is necessary, as a wide range of views pervades vertebrate pale- ontology as to what exactly makes for each kind of feeder. For example, some extremists contend that if a carnivorous animal consumes any carrion at all, it should be called a scavenger. But such a constrained definition negates a mean- ingful ecological distinction, as it would include nearly all the world’s carnivo- rous birds and mammals. COPYRIGHT 2003 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC.
8. 7 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN EXCLUSIVE ONLINE ISSUE APRIL 2003 In a definition more consistent with most paleontologists’ common-sense cat- egorization, a predatory species would be one in which most individuals acquire most of their meals from animals they or their peers killed. Most individuals in a scavenging species, on the other hand, would not be responsible for the deaths of most of their food. Trace fossils could open the door to a systematic approach to the predator- scavenger controversy, and the resolu- tion could come from testing hypothe- ses about entire patterns of tyrannosaur feeding preferences. For instance, Ja- cobsen has pointed out that evidence of a preference for less dangerous or easily caught animals supports a predator niche. Conversely, scavengers would be expected to consume all species equally. Within this logical framework, Jacob- sen has compelling data supporting pre- dation. She surveyed thousands of di- nosaur bones from Alberta and learned that unarmored hadrosaurs are twice as likely to bear tyrannosaur bite marks as are the more dangerous horned ceratop- sians. Tanke, who participated in the collection of these bones, relates that no bite marks have been found on the heavi- ly armored, tanklike ankylosaurs. Jacobsen cautions, though, that other factors confuse this set of findings. Most of the hadrosaur bones are from isolat- ed individuals, but most ceratopsians in her study are from bone beds. Again, these beds contain more whole animals that have been fossilized unscathed, cre- ating the kind of tooth-mark bias dis- cussed earlier. A survey of isolated cer- atopsians would be enlightening. And analysis of more bite marks that reveal failed predatory attempts, such as those reported by Carpenter, could also reveal preferences, or the lack thereof, for less dangerous prey. Jacobsen’s finding that cannibalism among tyrannosaurs was rare—only 2 percent of albertosaur bones had alber- tosaur bite marks, whereas 14 percent of herbivore bones did—might also sup- port predatory preferences instead of a scavenging niche for T. rex, particularly if these animals were in fact gregarious. Assuming that they had no aversion to consuming flesh of their own kind, it would be expected that at least as many T. rex bones would exhibit signs of T. rex dining as do herbivore bones. A sca- venging T. rex would have had to stum- ble on herbivore remains, but if T. rex traveled in herds, freshly dead conspe- cifics would seem to have been a guar- anteed meal. Coprolites may also provide valuable evidence about whether T. rex had any finicky eating habits. Because histologi- cal examination of bone found in copro- lites can give the approximate stage of life of the consumed animal, Chin and I have suggested that coprolites may re- veal a T. rex preference for feeding on vulnerable members of herds, such as the very young. Such a bias would point to predation, whereas a more impartial feeding pattern, matching the normal patterns of attrition, would indicate scavenging. Meaningful questions may lead to meaningful answers. Over this century, paleontologists have recovered enough physical remains of Tyrannosaurus rex to give the world an excellent idea of what these monsters looked like. The attempt to discover what T. rex actually was like relies on those fossils that carry precious clues about the daily activities of dinosaurs. Paleontologists now appreciate the need for reanalysis of finds that were former- ly ignored and have recognized the bias- es in collection practices, which have clouded perceptions of dinosaurs. The intentional pursuit of behavioral data should accelerate discoveries of dino- saur paleobiology. And new technolo- gies may tease information out of fossils that we currently deem of little value. The T. rex, still alive in the imagination, continues to evolve. GREGORYM.ERICKSON BONE MICROSTRUCTURE reveals the maturity of the animal under study. Older indi- viduals have bone consisting of Haversian canals (large circles, left), bone tubules that have replaced naturally occurring microfractures in the more randomly oriented bone of juveniles (right). Microscopic examination of bone has shown that individuals thought to be members of smaller species are in fact juvenile T. rex. The Author GREGORY M. ERICKSON has studied dinosaurs since his first expedition to the Hell Creek Formation badlands of eastern Montana in 1986. He received his master’s degree under Jack Horner in 1992 at Mon- tana State University and a doctorate with Marvalee Wake in 1997 from the University of California, Berkeley. Erickson is currently conducting postdoctoral research at Stan- ford and Brown universities aimed at under- standing the form, function, development and evolution of the vertebrate skeleton. Tyrannosaurus rex has been one of his fa- vorite study animals in this pursuit. He has won the Romer Prize from the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, the Stoye Award from the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, and the Davis Award from the Society for Integrative and Com- parative Biology. He will shortly become a faculty member in the department of biolog- ical science at Florida State University. Further Reading Carnosaur Paleobiology. Ralph E. Molnar and James O. Farlow in Di- nosauria. Edited by David B. Weishampel, Peter Dodson and Halszka Osmolska. University of California Press, 1990. The Complete T. REX. John Horner and Don Lessem. Simon & Schuster, 1993. Bite-Force Estimation for TYRAN- NOSAURUS REX from Tooth-Marked Bones. Gregory M. Erickson, Samuel D. van Kirk, Jinntung Su, Marc E. Levenston, William E. Caler and Dennis R. Carter in Nature, Vol. 382, pages 706–708; August 22, 1996. Incremental Lines of von Ebner in Di- nosaurs and the Assessment of Tooth Replacement Rates Using Growth Line Counts. Gregory M. Erickson in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, Vol. 93, No. 25, pages 14623–14627; December 10, 1996. A King-Sized Theropod Coprolite. Karen Chin, Timothy T. Tokaryk, Gregory M. Erickson and Lewis C. Calk in Nature, Vol. 393, pages 680–682; June 18, 1998. COPYRIGHT 2003 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC.
9. Understanding the teeth is es- sential for reconstructing the hunting and feeding habits of the tyrannosaurs. The tyrannosaur tooth is more or less a cone, slightly curved and slightly flattened, so that the cross section is an ellipse. Both the narrow an- terior and posterior surfaces bear rows of serrations. Their presence has led many observers to assume that the teeth cut meat the way a serrated steak knife does. My colleagues and I, however, were unable to find any definitive study of the mechanisms by which knives, smooth or serrated, actually cut. Thus, the comparison between tyrannosaur teeth and knives had meaning only as an impetus for research, which I decided to undertake. Trusting in the logic of evolution, I began with the assumption that tyran- nosaur teeth were well adapted for their biological functions. Although investi- gation of the teeth themselves might ap- pear to be the best way of uncovering their characteristics, such direct study is limited; the teeth cannot really be used for controlled experiments. For example, doubling the height of a fossil tooth’s ser- rations to monitor changes in cutting properties is impossible. So I decided to study steel blades whose serrations or sharpness I could alter and then com- pare these findings with the cutting ac- tion of actual tyrannosaur teeth. The cutting edges of knives can be either smooth or serrated. A smooth knife blade is defined by the angle be- tween the two faces and by the radius of the cutting edge: the smaller the ra- dius, the sharper the edge. Serrated blades, on the other hand, are charac- terized by the height of the serrations and the distance between them. To investigate the properties of knives with various edges and serrations, I cre- ated a series of smooth-bladed knives with varying interfacial angles. I stan- dardized the edge radius for comparable sharpness; when a cutting edge was no longer visible at 25 magnifications, I stopped sharpening the blade. I also produced a series of serrated edges. To measure the cutting properties of the blades, I mounted them on a butch- er’s saw operated by cords and pulleys, which moved the blades across a series of similarly sized pieces of meat that had been placed on a cutting board. Us- ing weights stacked in baskets at the ends of the cords, I measured the down- ward force and drawing force required to cut each piece of meat to the same depth. My simple approach gave consis- tent and provocative results, including this important and perhaps unsurprising one: smooth and serrated blades cut in two entirely different fashions. The serrated blade appears to cut meat by a “grip and rip” mechanism. Each serration penetrates to a distance equal to its own length, isolating a small sec- tion of meat between itself and the adja- cent serration. As the blade moves, each serration rips that isolated section. The blade then falls a distance equal to the height of the serration, and the process repeats. The blade thus converts a pulling force into a cutting force. A smooth blade, however, concen- trates downward force at the tiny cutting edge. The smaller this edge, the greater the force. In effect, the edge crushes the meat until it splits, and pulling or push- ing the blade reduces friction between the blade surface and the meat. After these discoveries, I mounted ac- tual serrated teeth in the experimental apparatus, with some unexpected re- sults. The serrated tooth of a fossil shark (Carcharodon megalodon) indeed works exactly like a serrated knife blade does. Yet the serrated edge of even the sharpest tyrannosaur tooth cuts meat more like a smooth knife blade, and a dull one at that. Clearly, all serrations are not alike. Nevertheless, serrations are a major and dramatic feature of tyrannosaur teeth. I therefore began to The Teethof the Tyrannosaursby William L. Abler Their teeth reveal aspects of their hunting and feeding habits 8 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN EXCLUSIVE ONLINE ISSUE APRIL 2003 Originallypublishedin September1999 COPYRIGHT 2003 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC.
10. wonder whether these serrations served a function other than cutting. The serrations on a shark tooth have a pyramidal shape. Tyrannosaur serra- tions are more cubelike. Two features of great interest are the gap between serra- tions, called a cella, and the thin slot to which the cella narrows, called a diaph- ysis. Seeking possible functions of the cellae and diaphyses, I put tyrannosaur teeth directly to the test and used them to cut fresh meat. To my knowledge, this was the first time tyrannosaur teeth have ripped flesh in some 65 million years. I then examined the teeth under the microscope, which revealed striking characteristics. (Although I was able to inspect a few Tyrannosaurus rex teeth, my cutting experiments were done with teeth of fossil albertosaurs, which are true tyrannosaurs and close relatives of T. rex.) The cellae appear to make ex- cellent traps for grease and other food debris. They also provide access to the deeper diaphyses, which grip and hold filaments of the victim’s tendon. Tyran- nosaur teeth thus would have harbored bits of meat and grease for extended periods. Such food particles are recep- tacles for septic bacteria—even a nip from a tyrannosaur, therefore, might have been a source of a fatal infection. Another aspect of tyrannosaur teeth encourages contemplation. Neighboring serrations do not meet at the exterior of the tooth. They remain separate inside it down to a depth nearly equal to the ex- terior height of the serration. Where they finally do meet, the junction, called the ampulla, is flask-shaped rather than V-shaped. This ampulla seems to have protected the tooth from cracking when force was applied. Whereas the narrow opening of the diaphysis indeed put high pressure on trapped filaments of tendon, the rounded ampulla distribut- ed pressure uniformly around its sur- face. The ampulla thus eliminated any point of concentrated force where a crack might begin. Apparently, enormously strong tyrannosaurs did not require razorlike teeth but instead made other de- mands on their dentition. The teeth functioned less like knives than like pegs, which gripped the food while the T. rex pulled it to pieces. And the ampullae protected the teeth during this process. An additional feature of its dental anatomy leads to the conclusion that T. rex did not chew its food. The teeth have no occlusal, or articulating, surfaces and rarely touched one another. After it removed a large chunk of carcass, the tyrannosaur probably swallowed that piece whole. Work from an unexpected quarter also provides potential help in recon- structing the hunting and feeding habits of tyrannosaurs. Herpetologist Walter Auffenberg of the University of Florida spent more than 15 months in Indone- sia studying the largest lizard in the world, the Komodo dragon [see “The Komodo Dragon,” by Claudio Ciofi; Scientific American, March]. (Paleontologist James O. Farlow of Indiana University–Purdue University Fort Wayne has suggested that the Ko- modo dragon may serve as a living model for the behavior of the tyran- nosaurs.) The dragon’s teeth are re- markably similar in structure to those of tyrannosaurs, and the creature is well known to inflict a dangerously sep- tic bite—an animal that escapes an at- tack with just a flesh wound is often liv- ing on borrowed time. An infectious bite for tyrannosaurs would lend cre- dence to the argument that the beasts were predators rather than scavengers. As with Komodo dragons, the victim of what appeared to be an unsuccessful at- tack might have received a fatal infec- tion. The dead or dying prey would then be easy pickings to a tyrannosaur, whether the original attacker or merely a fortunate conspecific. If the armamentarium of tyrannosaurs did include septic oral flora, we can pos- tulate other characteristics of its anato- my. To help maintain a moist environ- ment for its single-celled guests, tyran- nosaurs probably had lips that closed tightly, as well as thick, spongy gums that covered the teeth. When tyran- nosaurs ate, pressure between teeth and gums might have cut the latter, causing them to bleed. The blood in turn may have been a source of nourishment for the septic dental bacteria. In this scenario, the horrific appearance of the feeding tyrannosaur is further exagger- ated—their mouths would have run red with their own bloodstained saliva while they dined. The Author WILLIAM L. ABLER received a doctorate in linguistics from the University of Pennsylvania in 1971. Following a postdoctoral appoint- ment in neuropsychology at Stanford University, he joined the faculty of linguistics at the Illinois Institute of Technology. His interests in hu- man origins and evolution eventually led him to contemplate animal models for human evolution and on to the study of dinosaurs, partic- ularly their brains. The appeal of dinosaurs led him to his current position in the Department of Geology at the Field Museum, Chicago. Further Reading The Serrated Teeth of Tyrannosaurid Dinosaurs, and Biting Structures in Other Animals. William Abler in Paleobiology, Vol. 18, No. 2, pages 161–183; 1992. Tooth Serrations in Carnivorous Dinosaurs. William Abler in Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs. Edited by Philip J. Currie and Kevin Padi- an. Academic Press, 1997. EXPERIMENTAL DEVICE (above) for measuring cut- ting forces of various blades: weights attached to cords at the sides and center cause the blade to make a standard cut of 10 millimeters in a meat sample (represented here by green rubber). PHOTOGRAPHCOURTESYOFWILLIAML.ABLER 9 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN EXCLUSIVE ONLINE ISSUE APRIL 2003 COPYRIGHT 2003 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC.
11. THEWORLD’SFOURTH-LARGESTISLANDDIVULGESFOSSILS THATCOULDREVOLUTIONIZESCIENTIFICVIEWSONTHE ORIGINSOFDINOSAURSANDMAMMALS M E S O Z O I C SECRETS By John J. Flynn and André R. Wyss MADAGASCAR’S THREE WEEKS INTO ourfirstfossil-huntingexpeditioninMadagascarin1996,wewere beginningtoworrythatdust-chokedlaundrymightbeallwewouldhavetoshowforourefforts.Wehadturneduponly a few random teeth and bones—rough terrain and other logistical difficulties had encumbered our search. With our field season drawing rapidly to a close, we finally stumbled on an encouraging clue in the southwestern part of the island.AtouristmaphanginginthevisitorcenterofIsaloNationalParkmarkedalocalsitecalled“theplaceofanimal bones.” We asked two young men from a neighboring village to take us there right away. 10 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN EXCLUSIVE ONLINE ISSUE APRIL 2003 OriginallypublishedinFebruary2002 COPYRIGHT 2003 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC.
12. Our high hopes faded quickly as we realized the bleached scraps of skeletons eroding out of the hillside belonged to cattle and other modern-day animals. This site, though po- tentially interesting to archaeologists, held no promise of har- boring the much more ancient quarry we were after. Later that day another guide, accompanied by two dozen curious children from the village, led us to a second embankment similarly strewn with bones. With great excitement we spot- ted two thumb-size jaw fragments that were undoubtedly an- cient. They belonged to long-extinct, parrot-beaked cousins of the dinosaurs called rhynchosaurs. The rhynchosaur bones turned out to be a harbinger of a spectacular slew of prehistoric discoveries yet to come. Since then, the world’s fourth-largest island has become a prolific source of new information about animals that walked the land during the Mesozoic era, the interval of the earth’s histo- ry (from 250 million to 65 million years ago) when both di- nosaurs and mammals were making their debut. We have un- earthed the bones of primitive dinosaurs that we suspect are older than any found previously. We have also stirred up con- troversy with the discovery of a shrewlike creature that seems to defy a prominent theory of mammalian history by being in the “wrong” hemisphere. These exquisite specimens, among numerous others collected over five field seasons, have en- abled us to begin painting a picture of ancient Madagascar and to shape our strategy for a sixth expedition this summer. Much of our research over the past two decades has been aimed at unraveling the history of land-dwelling animals on the southern continents. Such questions have driven other pa- leontologists to fossil-rich locales in South Africa, Brazil, Antarctica and India. Rather than probing those established sites for additional finds, we were lured to Madagascar: the island embraces vast swaths of Mesozoic age rocks, but until recently only a handful of terrestrial vertebrate fossils from that time had been discovered there. Why? We had a hunch that no one had looked persistently enough to find them. Persistence became our motto as we launched our 1996 ex- pedition. Our team consisted of a dozen scientists and students from the U.S. and the University of Antananarivo in Mada- gascar. Among other benefits, our partnership with the coun- try’s leading university facilitated the acquisition of collecting and exporting permits—requisite components of all paleonto- logical fieldwork. Before long, however, we ran headlong into logistical obstacles that surely contributed to earlier fail- ures to find ancient fossils on the island. Mesozoic deposits in western Madagascar are spread over an area roughly the size of California. Generations of oxcarts and foot travel have carved the only trails into more remote areas, and most of them are impassable by even the brawniest four-wheel-drive vehicles. We had to haul most of our food, including hun- dreds of pounds of rice, beans and canned meats, from the capital. Fuel shortages sometimes seriously restricted mobili- ty, and our work was even thwarted by wildfires, which occur frequently and rage unchecked. New challenges often arose unexpectedly, requiring us to adjust our plans on the spot. Perhaps the most daunting obstacle we faced in pros- pecting such a large region was deciding where to begin. For- tunately, we were not planning our search blindly. The pio- neering fieldwork of geologists such as Henri Besairie, who directed Madagascar’s ministry of mines during the mid- 1900s, provided us with large-scale maps of the island’s Mesozoic rocks. From those studies we knew that a fortu- itous combination of geologic factors had led to the accumu- lation of a thick blanket of sediments over most of Madagas- car’s western lowlands—and gave us good reason to believe that ancient bones and teeth might have been trapped and preserved there. Mostly Mammals AT THE DAWN OF THE MESOZOIC ERA 250 million years ago, it would have been possible to walk from Madagas- car to almost anywhere else in the world. All of the planet’s landmasses were united in the supercontinent Pangea, and Madagascar was nestled between the west coast of what is now India and the east coast of present-day Africa (see map). The world was a good deal warmer than at present—even the poles were free of ice. In the supercontinent’s southern region, called Gondwana, enormous rivers coursed into lowland basins that would eventually become the Mozambique Channel, which to- day spans the 250 miles between Madagascar and eastern Africa. These giant basins represent the edge of the geologic gash created as Madagascar began pulling away from Africa more than 240 million years ago. This seemingly destructive pro- cess, called rifting, is an extremely effective way to accumu- late fossils. (Indeed, many of the world’s most important fos- sil vertebrate localities occur in ancient rift settings—includ- ing the famous record of early human evolution in the much younger rift basins of east Africa.) The rivers flowing into the basins carried with them mud, sand, and occasionally the carcasses or bones of dead animals. Over time the rivers de- posited this material as a sequence of vast layers. Continued rifting and the growing mass of sediment caused the floors of the basins to sink ever deeper. This depositional process per- sisted for nearly 100 million years, until the basin floors thinned to the breaking point and molten rock ascended from the planet’s interior to fill the gap as new ocean crust. Up to that point nature had afforded Madagascar three crucial ingredients required for fossil preservation: dead or- ganisms, holes in which to bury them (rift basins), and mate- rial to cover them (sand and mud). But special conditions were also needed to ensure that the fossils were not destroyed during the subsequent 160 million years. Again, geologic cir- cumstances proved fortuitous. As the newly separated land- masses of Africa and Madagascar drifted farther apart, their sediment-laden coastlines rarely experienced volcanic erup- tions or other events that could have destroyed buried fossils. Also key for fossil preservation is that the ancient rift basins ended up on the western side of the island, which today is dotted with dry forests, grasslands and desert scrub. In a more humid environment, such deposits would have eroded 11 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN EXCLUSIVE ONLINE ISSUE APRIL 2003 COPYRIGHT 2003 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC.
13. away or would be hidden under dense vegetation like the kind that hugs much of the island’s eastern coast. Initially Madagascar remained attached to the other Gon- dwanan landmasses: India, Australia, Antarctica and South America. It did not attain islandhood until it split from India about 90 million years ago. Sometime since then, the island acquired its suite of bizarre modern creatures, of which lemurs are the best known. For more than a century, re- searchers have wondered how long these modern creatures and their ancestors have inhabited the island. Illuminating discoveries by another team of paleontologists indicate that almost all major groups of living vertebrates arrived on Madagascar since sometime near the end of the Mesozoic era 65 million years ago [see “Modern-Day Mystery,” on page 17]. Our own probing has focused on a more ancient interval of Madagascar’s history—the first two periods of the Meso- zoic era. Pay Dirt ONE OF THE JOYS OF WORKING in little-charted terrain has been that if we manage to find anything, its scientific signifi- cance is virtually assured. That’s why our first discoveries near Isalo National Park were so exciting. The same evening in 1996 that we found the rhynchosaur jaw fragments, University of Antananarivo student Léon Razafimanantsoa spotted the six- inch-long skull of another interesting creature. We immediate- ly identified the animal as a peculiar plant eater, neither mam- mal nor reptile, called a traversodontid cynodont. The rhynchosaur jaws and the exquisite traversodontid skull—the first significant discoveries of our ongoing U.S.- Malagasy project—invigorated our expedition. The first fos- sil is always the hardest one to find; now we could hunker down and do the detailed collecting work necessary to begin piecing together an image of the past. The white sandstones we were excavating had formed from the sand carried by the rivers that poured into lowlands as Madagascar unhinged from Africa. Within these prehistoric valleys rhynchosaurs and traversodontids, both four-legged creatures ranging from three to 10 feet in length, probably grazed together much the same way zebras and wildebeests do in Africa today. The presence of rhynchosaurs, which are relatively common in coeval rocks around the world, narrowed the date of this pic- ture to sometime within the Triassic period (the first of three Mesozoic time intervals), which spans from 250 million to 205 million years ago. And because traversodontids were much more diverse and abundant during the first half of the Triassic SARACHEN JOHN J. FLYNN and ANDRÉ R. WYSS have collaborated for nearly 20 years. Their expeditions have taken them to the Rocky Moun- tains, Baja California, the Andes of Chile, and Madagascar. To- gether they also study the evolutionary history of carnivores, in- cludingdogs,cats,seals,andtheirlivingandfossilrelatives.Flynn is MacArthur Curator of Fossil Mammals at the Field Museum in Chicago,associatechairoftheUniversityofChicago’scommittee on evolutionary biology doctoral program, and adjunct professor at the University of Illinois at Chicago. Wyss is a professor of geo- logicalsciencesattheUniversityofCalifornia,SantaBarbara,and a research associate at the Field Museum. The authors thank the National Geographic Society, the John C. Meeker family and the World Wildlife Fund for their exceptional support of this research. THEAUTHORS Jurassic Site: Early tribosphenic mammals Triassic Site: Early dinosaurs, rhynchosaurs, traversodontids, chiniquodontids MADAGASCAR THEN AND NOW Pangea Early Triassic Period (240 Million Years Ago) Isalo Group Mesozoic Sedimentary Rocks Other Sedimentary Rocks Crystalline Basement Rocks Kilometers Present-Day Africa FOSSIL-BEARING ROCKS drape western Madagascar. These rocks formed from the sand, mud, and occasional remnants of dead animals that accumulated in valleys when the island began to separate from Africa. 0 100 200 300 12 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN EXCLUSIVE ONLINE ISSUE APRIL 2003 COPYRIGHT 2003 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC.
14. than during the second, we thought initially that this scene played out sometime before about 230 million years ago. During our second expedition, in 1997, a third type of animal challenged our sense of where we were in time. Short- ly after we arrived in southwestern Madagascar, one of our field assistants, a local resident named Mena, showed us some bones that he had found across the river from our pre- vious localities. We were struck by the fine-grained red rock adhering to the bones—everything we had found until that point was buried in the coarse white sandstone. Mena led us about half a mile north of the rhynchosaur and traversodon- tid site to the bottom of a deep gully. Within a few minutes we spotted the bone-producing layer from which his unusual specimens had rolled. A rich concentration of fossils was en- tombed within the three-foot-thick layer of red mudstones, which had formed in the floodplains of the same ancient rivers that deposited the white sands. Excavation yielded about two dozen specimens of what appeared to be dinosaurs. Our team found jaws, strings of vertebrae, hips, claws, an articulated forearm with some wrist bones, and other assorted skeletal elements. When we examined these and other bones more closely, we realized that we had uncovered remains of two different species of prosauropods (not yet formally named), one of which appears to resemble a species from Morocco called Azendohsaurus. These prosauropods, which typically appear in rocks between 225 million and 190 million years old, are smaller-bodied precursors of the long-necked sauro- pod dinosaurs, including such behemoths as Brachiosaurus. When we discovered that dinosaurs were foraging among rhynchosaurs and traversodontids, it became clear that we had unearthed a collection of fossils not known to coexist anywhere else. In Africa, South America and other parts of the world, traversodontids are much less abundant and less diverse once dinosaurs appear. Similarly, the most common type of rhynchosaur we found, Isalorhynchus, lacks advanced characteristics and thus is inferred to be more ancient than the group of rhynchosaurs that is found with other early di- nosaurs. What is more, the Malagasy fossil assemblage lacks remains of several younger reptile groups usually found with the earliest dinosaurs, including the heavily armored, croco- dilelike phytosaurs and aetosaurs. The occurrence of dino- saurs with more ancient kinds of animals, plus the lack of younger groups, suggests that the Malagasy prosauropods are as old as any dinosaur ever discovered, if not older. Only one early dinosaur site—at Ischigualasto, Argentina— contains a rock layer that has been dated directly; all other early dinosaur sites with similar fossils are thus estimated to be no older than its radioisotopic age of about 228 million years. (Reliable radioisotopic ages for fossils are obtainable only from rock layers produced by contemporaneous volcanoes. The Malagasy sediments accumulated in a rift basin with no volcanoes nearby.) Based on the fossils present, we have tenta- tively concluded that our dinosaur-bearing rocks slightly pre- date the Ischigualasto time span. And because prosauropods represent one of the major branches of the dinosaur evolu- Tiny Bones to Pick Paleontologists brave wildfires, parasites and scorching temperatures in search of ancient mammal fossils By Kate Wong THE THREE LAND ROVERS pause while John Flynn consults the device in his hand. “Is the GPS happy?” someone asks him. Flynn concludes that it is, and the caravan continues slowly through the bush, negotiating trails usually traversed by oxcart. We have been driving since seven this morning, when we left Madagascar’s capital city, Antananarivo. Now, with the afternoon’s azure sky melting into pink and mauve, the group is anxious to locate a suitable campsite. A small cluster of thatched huts comes into view, and Flynn sends an ambassador party on foot to ask the inhabitants whether we may camp in the area. By the time we reach the nearby clearing, the day’s last light has disappeared and we pitch our tents in the dark. Tomorrow the real work begins. The expedition team of seven Malagasies and six Americans, led by paleontologists Flynn and André Wyss of the Field Museum in Chicago and the University of California at Santa Barbara, respectively, has come to this remote part of northwestern Madagascar in search of fossils belonging to early mammals. Previous prospecting in the region had revealed red and buff- colored sediments dating back to the Jurassic period—the ancient span of time (roughly 205 million to 144 million years ago) during which mammals made their debut. Among the fossils unearthed was a tiny jaw fragment with big implications. Conventional wisdom holds that the precursors of modern placentalandmarsupialmammalsarosetowardtheendofthe Jurassicin the Northern Hemisphere, based on the ages and locations of the earliest remains of these shrewlike creatures, which are characterized by so-called tribosphenic molars. But the Malagasy jaw, which Flynn and Wyss have attributed to a new genus and species, Ambondro mahabo, possesses tribosphenic teeth and dates back some 167 millionyearstotheMiddleJurassic. Assuch,theirfossilsuggeststhattribosphenicmammalsaroseat least25millionyearsearlierthanpreviously thought and possibly FOUR-INCH-LONG MAMMAL Ambondro mahabo lived in Madagascar about 167 million years ago. 13 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN EXCLUSIVE ONLINE ISSUE APRIL 2003 COPYRIGHT 2003 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC.
15. in the south rather than the north. No one has disputed the age of A. mahabo, but not everyone agreesthatthefindingindicatesthattribosphenicmammals originatedin the south. Fossil-mammal expert Zhexi Luo of the Carnegie Museum ofNaturalHistoryinPittsburghandseveralofhis colleaguesrecentlysuggested that A. mahabo and a similarly surprising fossil beast from Australia named Ausktribosphenos nyktos might instead represent a second line of tribosphenic mammals—one that gave rise to the egg-laying monotremes. But Flynn and Wyss counter that some of the featuresthat those researchersusetolinktheSoutherntribosphenicmammalsto monotremesmaybeprimitiveresemblancesandthereforenot indicative of an especially close evolutionary relationship. As with so many other debates in paleontology, much of the controversy over when and where these mammal groups first appeared stems from the fact that so few ancient bones have ever been found. With luck, this season’s fieldwork will help fill in some of the gaps in the fossil record. And recovering more specimens of A. mahabo or remains of previously unknown mammals could bolster considerably Flynn and Wyss’s case for a single, Southern origin for the ancestors of modern placentals and marsupials. The next morning, after a quick breakfast of bread, peanut butter and coffee, we are back in the vehicles, following the GPS’s trail of electronic bread crumbs across the grassland to a fossil locality the team found at the end of last year’s expedition. Stands of doum palms and thorny Mokonazy trees dot the landscape, which the dry season has left largely parched. By the time we reach our destination, the morning’s pleasant coolness has given way to a rather toastier temperature.“Whenthewindstops,itcooks,”remarks WilliamSimpson,a collections manager for the Field Museum, coating his face with sunscreen. Indeed, noontime temperatures often exceed 90 humid degrees Fahrenheit. Flynn instructs the group to start at the base of the hillside and work up. Meanwhile he and Wyss will survey the surrounding area, looking for additional exposures of the fossil-bearing horizon. “If it’s something interesting, come back and get me,” he calls. Awls in hand and eyes inches from the ground, the workers begin to scour the gravel-strewn surface for small bones, clues that delicate mammal fossils are preserved below. They crawl and slither in pursuit of their quarry,stoppingonlytoswigwaterfromsun-warmed bottles.Becauseearly mammal remains are so minute (A. mahabo’s jaw fragment, for example, measures a mere 3.6 millimeters in length), such sleuthing rarely leads to instant gratification. Rather the team collects sedimentslikelytocontain suchfossilsandshipsthatmaterialbacktotheU.S.forcloser inspection.Withinafewhours,aLilliputianvertebraandfemur fragment turn up—the first indications that the fossil hunters have hit pay dirt. “It’s a big Easter egg hunt,” Wyss quips. “The eggs are hidden pretty well, but we know they’re out there.” By the third day the crew has identified a number of promising sites and bagged nearly a ton of sediment for screen washing. Members head for a dammed-up stream that locals use to water their animals. Despite the scorching heat, those working in the water must don heavy rubber boots and gloves to protect against the parasites thatprobablypopulatethemurkygreenpool.They spendthenextfewhourssiftingthesedimentsthroughscreen- bottomedbasketsandbuckets.Wyssspreadstheresulting concentrateonabigblueplastictarptodry.VolunteersattheField Museumwilleventuallylookforfossilsinthisconcentrateundera microscope, one spoonful ata time, but Wyss has a good feeling about the washed remains already. “You can actually see bone in the mix,” he observes. The haul that yielded A. mahabo, in contrast, offered no such hints to the naked eye. Hot and weary from the screen washing, the researchers eagerly break for lunch. Under the shade of a Mokonazy tree, they munch their sardine, Gouda and jalapeño sandwiches, joking about the bread, which, four days after leaving its bakery in Antananarivo, has turned rather tough. Wyss ceremoniously deposits a ration of jelly beans into each pair of upturned palms. Some pocket the treats for later, others trade for favorite flavors, and a few ruefully relinquish their sweets, having lost friendly wagers made earlier. Usuallylunchisfollowedbyashortrepose,buttodaynaturehas asurprise in store. A brushfire that had been burning off in the distance severalhoursagoisnowmovingrapidlytowardusfromthe northeast,propelled by an energetic wind. The crackling sound of flames licking bone-dry grass crescendos, and ashen leaf remnants drift down around us. We look on, spellbound, as cattle egrets collect in the fire’s wake to feast on toasted insects, and birds of prey circle overhead to watch for rodents flushed out by the flames. Only the stream separates us from the blaze, but reluctant to abandon the screen washing,FlynnandWyssdecideto waititout.SuchfiresplagueMadagascar. Often set by farmers to encourage new grass growth, theysometimesspreadoutof control,especiallyinthetinderboxregions of the northwest. Indeed, the explorers will face other fires that season, including one that nearly consumes their campsite. An hour later the flames have subsided, and the team returns to thestreamtofinishthescreeningquickly.Banksoncethickwithdry grass now appear naked and charred. Worried that the winds might pick up again, we pack up and go to one of the team’s other fossil localities to dig for the rest of the afternoon. Following what has already become the routine, we return to camp bysix.Severalpeopleattendtothefilteringofthedrinking water,whilethe rest help to prepare dinner. During the “cocktail hour” of warm beer and a shared plate of peanuts, Flynn and Wyss log the day’s events and catalogue any interesting specimens they’ve collected. Others write field notes and letters home by the light of their headlamps. By nine, bellies full and dishes washed, people have retired to their tents. Camp is silent, the end of another day’s efforts to uncover the past. Kate Wong is a writer and editor for ScientificAmerican.com FRANKIPPOLITO(oppositepage) 14 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN EXCLUSIVE ONLINE ISSUE APRIL 2003 COPYRIGHT 2003 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC.
16. tionary tree, we know that the common ancestor of all di- nosaurs must be older still. Rocks from before about 245 mil- lion years ago have been moderately well sampled around the world, but none of them has yet yielded dinosaurs. That means the search for the common ancestor of all dinosaurs must fo- cus on a relatively poorly known and ever narrowing interval of Middle Triassic rocks, between about 240 million and 230 million years old. Mostly Mammals DINOSAURS NATURALLY ATTRACT considerable atten- tion, being the most conspicuous land animals of the Mesozoic. Less widely appreciated is the fact that mammals and dinosaurs sprang onto the evolutionary stage at nearly the same time. At least two factors account for the popular misconception that mammals arose only after dinosaurs became extinct: Early mammals all were chipmunk-size or smaller, so they don’t grab the popular imagination in the way their giant Mesozoic con- temporaries do. In addition, the fossil record of early mammals is quite sparse, apart from very late in the Mesozoic. To our de- light, Madagascar has once again filled in two mysterious gaps in the fossil record. The traversodontid cynodonts from the Isa- lo deposits reveal new details about close mammalian relatives, and a younger fossil from the northwest side of the island pos- es some controversial questions about where and when a key advanced group of mammals got its start. The Malagasy traversodontids, the first known from the island, include some of the best-preserved representatives of early cynodonts ever discovered. (“Cynodontia” is the name applied to a broad group of land animals that includes mam- mals and their nearest relatives.) Accordingly, these bones provide a wealth of anatomical information previously un- documented for these creatures. These cynodonts are identi- fied by, among other diagnostic features, a simplified lower jaw that is dominated by a single bone, the dentary. Some specimens include both skulls and skeletons. Understanding the complete morphology of these animals is crucial for re- solving the complex evolutionary transition from the large cold-blooded, scale-covered animals with sprawling limbs (which dominated the continents prior to the Mesozoic) to the much smaller warm-blooded, furry animals with an erect posture that are so plentiful today. Many kinds of mammals, with many anatomical varia- tions, now inhabit the planet. But they all share a common ancestor marked by a single, distinctive suite of features. To determine what these first mammals looked like, paleontolo- gists must examine their closest evolutionary relatives within the Cynodontia, which include the traversodontids and their much rarer cousins, the chiniquodontids (also known as probainognathians), both of which we have found in south- western Madagascar. Traversodontids almost certainly were herbivorous, because their wide cheek teeth are designed for grinding. One of our four new Malagasy traversodontid species also has large, stout, forward-projecting incisors for grasping vegetation. The chiniquodontids, in contrast, were undoubtedly carnivorous, with sharp, pointed teeth. Most paleontologists agree that some chiniquodontids share a more recent common ancestor with mammals than the her- bivorous traversodontids do. The chiniquodontid skulls and skeletons we found in Madagascar will help reconstruct the bridge between early cynodonts and true mammals. Not only are Madagascar’s Triassic cynodonts among the best preserved in the world, they also sample a time period that is poorly known elsewhere. The same is true for the Modern-Day Mystery MADAGASCAR IS FAMOUS for its 40 species of lemurs, none of which occurs anywhere else in the world. The same is true for 80 percent of the island’s plants and other animals. This biotic peculiarity reflects the island’s lengthy geographic isolation. (Madagascar has not been connected to another major landmass since it separated from India nearly 90 million years ago, and it has not been joined with its nearest modern neighbor, Africa, since about 160 million years ago.) But for decades the scant fossil evidence of land-dwelling animals from the island meant that little was known about the origin and evolution of these unique creatures. While our research group was probing Madagascar’s Triassic and Jurassic age rocks, teams led by David W. Krause of the State University of New York at Stony Brook were unearthing a wealth of younger fossils in the island’s northwestern region. These specimens, which date back some 70 million years, include more than three dozen species, none of which is closely related to the island’s modern animals. This evidence implies that most modern vertebrate groups must have immigrated to Madagascar after this point. The best candidate for a Malagasy motherland is Africa, and yet the modern faunas of the two landmasses are markedly distinct. Elephants, cats, antelope, zebras, monkeys and many other modern African mammals apparently never reached Madagascar. The four kinds of terrestrial mammals that inhabit the island today—rodents, lemurs, carnivores and the hedgehoglike tenrecs—all appear to be descendants of more ancient African beasts. The route these immigrants took from the mainland remains unclear, however. Small clinging animals could have floated from Africa across the Mozambique Channel on “rafts” of vegetation that broke free during severe storms. Alternatively, when sea level was lower these pioneers might have traveled by land and sea along a chain of currently submerged highlands northwest of the island. Together with Anne D. Yoder of Northwestern University Medical School and others, we are using the DNA structure of modern Malagasy mammals to address this question. These analyses have the potential to reveal whether the ancestors of Madagascar’s modern mammals arrived in multiple, long-distance dispersal events or in a single episode of “island hopping.” —J.J.F. and A.R.W. FRANKIPPOLITO(oppositepage) 15 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN EXCLUSIVE ONLINE ISSUE APRIL 2003 COPYRIGHT 2003 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC.
17. LI VING IN MI XED COMPANY PALEONTOLOGISTS DID NOT KNOW until recently that the unusual group of ancient animals shown above—prosauropods (1), traversodontids (2), rhynchosaurs (3) and chiniquodontids (4)— once foraged together. In the past six years, southwestern Madagascar has become the first place where bones of each particular type of animal have been unearthed alongside the others, in this case from Triassic rocks about 230 million years old. Then the region was a lush, lowland basin that was forming as the supercontinent Pangea began to break up. The long-necked prosauropods here, which represent some of the oldest dinosaurs yet discovered, browse on conifers while a parrot-beaked rhynchosaur prepares to sip from a nearby pool. The prosauropod teeth were spear-shaped and serrated—good for slicing vegetation; rhynchosaurs were perhaps the most common group of plant eaters in the area at that time. Foraging among these large reptiles are the peculiar traversodontids and chiniquodontids. Both types of creatures are early members of the Cynodontia, a broad groupthat includes today’s mammals. The grinding cheek teeth of the traversodontids suggest they were herbivores; the chiniquodontids sport the sharp, pointed teeth of carnivores. —J.J.F. and A.R.W. 1 2 34 1 2 34 COPYRIGHT 2003 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC.
18. youngest fossils our expeditions have uncovered—those from a region of the northwest where the sediments are about 165 million years in age. (That date falls within the middle of the Jurassic, the second of the Mesozoic’s three periods.) Because these sediments were considerably younger than our Triassic rocks, we allowed ourselves the hope that we might find re- mains of an ancient mammal. Not a single mammal had been recorded from Jurassic rocks of a southern landmass at that point, but this did nothing to thwart our motivation. Once again, persistence paid off. During our 1996 field season, we had visited the village of Ambondromahabo after hearing local reports of abundant large fossils of the sauro- pod dinosaur Lapperentosaurus. Sometimes where large ani- mals are preserved, the remains of smaller animals can also be found—though not as easily. We crawled over the land- scape, eyes held a few inches from the ground. This uncom- fortable but time-tested strategy turned up a few small thero- pod dinosaur teeth, fish scales and other bone fragments, which had accumulated at the surface of a small mound of sediment near the village. These unprepossessing fossils hinted that more significant items might be buried in the sediment beneath. We bagged about 200 pounds of sediment and washed it through mos- quito-net hats back in the capital, Antananarivo, while wait- ing to be granted permits for the second leg of our trip—the leg to the southwest that turned up our first rhynchosaur jaws and traversodontid skull. During the subsequent years back in the U.S., while our studies focused on the exceptional Triassic material, the tedious process of sorting the Jurassic sediment took place. A dedicated team of volunteers at the Field Museum in Chicago—Dennis Kinzig, Ross Chisholm and Warren Valsa—spent many a week- end sifting through the concentrated sediment under a micro- scope in search of valuable flecks of bone or teeth. We didn’t think much about that sediment again until 1998, when Kinzig relayed the news that they had uncovered the partial jawbone of a tiny mammal with three grinding teeth still in place. We were startled not only by the jaw’s existence but also by its re- markably advanced cheek teeth. The shapes of the teeth docu- ment the earliest occurrence of Tribosphenida, a group encom- passing the vast majority of living mammals. We named the new species Ambondro mahabo, after its place of origin. The discovery pushes back the geologic range of this group of mammals by more than 25 million years and offers the first glimpse of mammalian evolution on the southern continents during the last half of the Jurassic period. It shows that this subgroup of mammals may have evolved in the Southern Hemisphere rather than the Northern, as is com- monly supposed. Although the available information does not conclusively resolve the debate, this important addition to the record of early fossil mammals does point out the pre- carious nature of long-standing assumptions rooted in a fos- sil record historically biased toward the Northern Hemi- sphere [see “Tiny Bones to Pick,” by Kate Wong, on page 13]. Although our team has recovered a broad spectrum of fossils in Madagascar, scientists are only beginning to de- scribe the Mesozoic history of the Southern continents. The number of species of Mesozoic land vertebrates known from Australia, Antarctica, Africa and South America is probably an order of magnitude smaller than the number of contempo- raneous findings from the Northern Hemisphere. Clearly, Madagascar now ranks as one of the world’s top prospects for adding important insight to paleontologists’ knowledge of the creatures that once roamed Gondwana. Planning Persistently OFTEN THE MOST SIGNIFICANT HYPOTHESES about ancient life on the earth can be suggested only after these kinds of new fossil dis- coveries are made. Our team’s explorations provide two cases in point: the fossils found alongside the Triassic prosauropods in- dicate that dinosaurs debuted earlier than previously recorded, and the existence of the tiny mammal at our Jurassic site implies that tribosphenic mammals may have originated in the Southern, rather than Northern, Hemisphere. The best way to bolster these proposals (or to prove them wrong) is to go out and uncover more bones. That is why our primary goal this summer will be the same as it has been for our past five expeditions: find as many fossils as possible. Our agenda includes digging deeper into known sites and surveying new regions, blending risky efforts with sure bets. No matter how carefully formulated, however, our plans will be subject to last-minute changes, dictated by such things as road closures and our most daunting challenge to date, the appearance of frenzied boomtowns. During our first three expeditions, we never gave a second thought to the gravels that overlay the Triassic rock outcrops in the southwestern part of the island. Little did we know that those gravels contain sapphires. By 1999 tens of thousands of people were scouring the landscape in search of these gems. The next year all our Triassic sites fell within sapphire-mining claims. Those areas are now off limits to everyone, including paleontologists, unless they get permission from both the claim holder and the government. Leaping that extra set of hurdles will be one of our foremost tasks this year. Even without such logistical obstacles slowing our pro- gress, it would require uncountable lifetimes to carefully sur- vey all the island’s untouched rock exposures. But now that we have seen a few of Madagascar’s treasures, we are in- spired to keep digging—and to reveal new secrets. Madagascar: A Natural History. Ken Preston-Mafham. Foreword by Sir David Attenborough. Facts on File, 1991. Natural Change and Human Impact in Madagascar. Edited by Steven M. Goodman and Bruce D. Patterson. Smithsonian Institution Press, 1997. A Middle Jurassic Mammal from Madagascar. John J. Flynn, J. Michael Parrish, Berthe Rakotosaminimanana, William F. Simpson and André R. Wyss in Nature, Vol. 401, pages 57–60; September 2, 1999. A Triassic Fauna from Madagascar, Including Early Dinosaurs. John J. Flynn, J. Michael Parrish, Berthe Rakotosaminimanana, William F. Simpson, Robin L. Whatley and André R. Wyss in Science, Vol. 286, pages 763–765; October 22, 1999. MORE TO E XPLORE 17 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN EXCLUSIVE ONLINE ISSUE APRIL 2003 COPYRIGHT 2003 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC.
19. Fish-shaped reptiles called ichthyosaurs reigned over the oceans for as long as dinosaurs roamed the land,but only recently have paleontologistsdiscoveredwhythesecreaturesweresosuccessful icture a late autumn evening some 160 million years ago,during the Jurassic time period, when dinosaurs inhabited the continents. The setting sun hardly penetrates the shimmering surface of a vast blue- green ocean, where a shadow glides silently among the dark crags of a sub- merged volcanic ridge. When the animal comes up for a gulp of evening air,it callstomindasmallwhale—butitcannotbe.Thefirstwhalewillnotevolveforan- other100millionyears.Theshadowturnssuddenlyandnowstretchesmorethan twicetheheightofahumanbeing.Thatrealizationbecomesparticularlychilling when its long,tooth-filled snout tears through a school of squidlike creatures. The remarkable animal is Ophthalmosaurus,one of more than 80 species now known to have constituted a group of sea monsters called the ichthyosaurs,or Rulersof the Jurassic Seasby Ryosuke Motani P OriginallypublishedinDecember2000 COPYRIGHT 2003 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC.
20. KARENCARR ICHTHYOSAURS patrolled the world’s oceans for 155 million years. COPYRIGHT 2003 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC.
21. fish-lizards. The smallest of these ani- mals was no longer than a human arm; the largest exceeded 15 meters. Oph- thalmosaurus fell into the medium-size group and was by no means the most aggressive of the lot. Its company would have been considerably more pleasant than that of a ferocious Temnodonto- saurus, or “cutting-tooth lizard,” which sometimes dined on large vertebrates. When paleontologists uncovered the first ichthyosaur fossils in the early 1800s, visions of these long-vanished beasts left them awestruck. Dinosaurs had not yet been discovered, so every unusual feature of ichthyosaurs seemed intriguing and mysterious. Examina- tions of the fossils revealed that ichthy- osaurs evolved not from fish but from land-dwelling animals, which them- selves had descended from an ancient fish. How, then, did ichthyosaurs make the transition back to life in the water? To which other animals were they most related? And why did they evolve bizarre characteristics, such as backbones that look like a stack of hockey pucks and eyes as big around as bowling balls? Despite these compelling questions, the opportunity to unravel the enigmat- ic transformation from landlubbing reptiles to denizens of the open sea would have to wait almost two cen- turies. When dinosaurs such as Iguan- odan grabbed the attention of paleon- tologists in the 1830s, the novelty of the fish-lizards faded away. Intense in- terest in the rulers of the Jurassic seas resurfaced only a few years ago, thanks to newly available fossils from Japan and China. Since then, fresh insights have come quickly. Murky Origins Although most people forgot about ichthyosaurs in the early 1800s, a few paleontologists did continue to think about them throughout the 19th century and beyond. What has been ev- ident since their discovery is that the ichthyosaurs’ adaptations for life in wa- ter made them quite successful. The widespread ages of the fossils revealed that these beasts ruled the ocean from about 245 million until about 90 mil- lion years ago—roughly the entire era that dinosaurs dominated the conti- nents. Ichthyosaur fossils were found all over the world, a sign that they mi- grated extensively, just as whales do to- day. And despite their fishy appearance, ichthyosaurs were obviously air-breath- ing reptiles. They did not have gills, and the configurations of their skull and jaw- bones were undeniably reptilian. What is more, they had two pairs of limbs (fish have none), which implied that their ancestors once lived on land. Paleontologists drew these conclu- sions based solely on the exquisite skele- tons of relatively late, fish-shaped ich- thyosaurs. Bone fragments of the first ichthyosaurs were not found until 1927. Somewhere along the line, those early FACT: The smallest ichthyosaur was shorter than a human arm; TOMONARASHIMAANDCLEOVILETT ORIGINS OF ICHTHYOSAURS baffled paleontologists for nearly two centuries. At times thought to be closely related to everything from fish to salamanders to mammals, ichthyosaurs are now known to belong to the group called diapsids. New analyses indicate that they branched off from other diapsids at about the time lepidosaurs and archosaurs diverged from each other—but no one yet knows whether ichthyosaurs appeared shortly before that divergence or shortly after. SHARKS AND RAYS RAY-FINNED FISHES AMPHIBIANS MAMMALS LEPIDOSAURS D IN O SAU RS Snakes Lizards Tuatara ANCESTRAL VERTEBRATE Crocodiles Birds ARCHOSAURS ICHTHYOSAURS DIAPSIDS 20 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN EXCLUSIVE ONLINE ISSUE APRIL 2003 COPYRIGHT 2003 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC.
22. animals went on to acquire a decidedly fishy body: stocky legs morphed into flippers, and a boneless tail fluke and dorsal fin appeared. Not only were the advanced, fish-shaped ichthyosaurs made for aquatic life, they were made for life in the open ocean, far from shore. These extreme adaptations to living in water meant that most of them had lost key features—such as particu- lar wrist and ankle bones—that would have made it possible to recognize their distant cousins on land. Without com- plete skeletons of the very first ichthyo- saurs, paleontologists could merely speculate that they must have looked like lizards with flippers. The early lack of evidence so con- fused scientists that they proposed al- most every major vertebrate group— not only reptiles such as lizards and crocodiles but also amphibians and mammals—as close relatives of ichthy- osaurs. As the 20th century progressed, scientists learned better how to deci- pher the relationships among various animal species. On applying the new skills, paleontologists started to agree that ichthyosaurs were indeed reptiles of the group Diapsida, which includes snakes, lizards, crocodiles and di- nosaurs. But exactly when ichthyosaurs branched off the family tree remained uncertain—until paleontologists in Asia recently unearthed new fossils of the world’s oldest ichthyosaurs. The first big discovery occurred on the northeastern coast of Honshu, the main island of Japan. The beach is dominated by outcrops of slate, the lay- ered black rock that is often used for the expensive ink plates of Japanese calligraphy and that also harbors bones of the oldest ichthyosaur, Utatsusaurus. Most Utatsusaurus specimens turn up fragmented and incomplete, but a group of geologists from Hokkaido University excavated two nearly com- plete skeletons in 1982. These speci- mens eventually became available for scientific study, thanks to the devotion of Nachio Minoura and his colleagues, who spent much of the next 15 years painstakingly cleaning the slate-encrust- ed bones. Because the bones are so frag- ile, they had to chip away the rock care- fully with fine carbide needles as they peered through a microscope. As the preparation neared its end in 1995, Minoura, who knew of my inter- est in ancient reptiles, invited me to join the research team. When I saw the skeleton for the first time, I knew that Utatsusaurus was exactly what paleon- tologists had been expecting to find for years: an ichthyosaur that looked like a lizard with flippers. Later that same year my colleague You Hailu, then at the In- stitute for Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology in Beijing, showed me a second, newly discovered fossil— the world’s most complete skeleton of Chaohusaurus, another early ichthyo- saur. Chaohusaurus occurs in rocks the same age as those harboring remains of Utatsusaurus, and it, too, had been found before only in bits and pieces. The new specimen clearly revealed the outline of a slender, lizardlike body. Utatsusaurus and Chaohusaurus illu- minated at long last where ichthyosaurs belonged on the vertebrate family tree, because they still retained some key fea- tures of their land-dwelling ancestors. Given the configurations of the skull and limbs, my colleagues and I think that ichthyosaurs branched off from the rest of the diapsids near the separa- tion of two major groups of living rep- tiles, lepidosaurs (such as snakes and lizards) and archosaurs (such as croco- diles and birds). Advancing the family- tree debate was a great achievement, but the mystery of the ichthyosaurs’ evolution remained unsolved. From Feet to Flippers Perhaps the most exciting outcome of the discovery of these two Asian ichthyosaurs is that scientists can now paint a vivid picture of the elaborate adaptations that allowed their descen- dants to thrive in the open ocean. The most obvious transformation for aquat- ic life is the one from feet to flippers. In contrast to the slender bones in the front feet of most reptiles, all bones in the front “feet” of the fish-shaped ichthyosaurs are wider than they are long. What is more, they are all a similar shape. In most other four-limbed creatures it is easy to distinguish bones in the wrist (irregu- larly rounded) from those in the palm (long and cylindrical). Most important, the bones of fish-shaped ichthyosaurs are closely packed—without skin in be- tween—to form a solid panel. Having all the toes enclosed in a single envelope of soft tissues would have enhanced the rigidity of the flippers, as it does in liv- ing whales, dolphins, seals and sea tur- tles. Such soft tissues also improve the the largest was longer than a typical city bus NEW FOSSILS of the first ichthyosaurs, including Chaohusaurus, have illuminated how these lizard-shaped creatures evolved into masters of the open ocean. RYOSUKEMOTANI 21 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN EXCLUSIVE ONLINE ISSUE APRIL 2003 COPYRIGHT 2003 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC.
23. hydrodynamic efficiency of the flippers because they are streamlined in cross section—a shape impossible to maintain if the digits are separated. But examination of fossils ranging from lizard- to fish-shaped—especially those of intermediate forms—revealed that the evolution from fins to feet was not a simple modification of the foot’s five digits. Indeed, analyses of ichthyo- saur limbs reveal a complex evolution- ary process in which digits were lost, added and divided. Plotting the shape of fin skeletons along the family tree of ichthyosaurs, for example, indicates that fish-shaped ichthyosaurs lost the thumb bones present in the earliest ich- thyosaurs. Additional evidence comes from studying the order in which digits became bony, or ossified, during the growth of the fish-shaped ichthyosaur Stenopterygius, for which we have spec- imens representing various growth stages. Later, additional fingers ap- peared on both sides of the preexisting ones, and some of them occupied the position of the lost thumb. Needless to say, evolution does not always follow a continuous, directional path from one trait to another. Backbones Built for Swimming The new lizard-shaped fossils have also helped resolve the origin of the skeletal structure of their fish-shaped de- scendants. The descendants have back- bones built from concave vertebrae the shape of hockey pucks. This shape, though rare among diapsids, was al- ways assumed to be typical of all ichthy- osaurs. But the new creatures from Asia surprised paleontologists by having a much narrower backbone, composed of vertebrae shaped more like canisters of 35-millimeter film than hockey pucks. It appeared that the verte- brae grew dramatically in diameter and shortened slightly as ichthyo- saurs evolved from lizard- to fish- shaped. But why? My colleagues and I found the an- swer in the swimming styles of living sharks. Sharks, like ichthyosaurs, come in various shapes and sizes. Cat sharks are slender and lack a tall tail fluke, also known as a cau- dal fin, on their lower backs, as did early ichthyosaurs. In contrast, mackerel sharks such as the great white have thick bodies and a cres- cent-shaped caudal fin similar to the later fish-shaped ichthyosaurs. Mackerel sharks swim by swinging only their tails, whereas cat sharks undulate their entire bodies. Undu- latory swimming requires a flexible body, which cat sharks achieve by having a large number of backbone segments. They have about 40 ver- tebrae in the front part of their bod- ies—the same number scientists find in the first ichthyosaurs, represented by Utatsusaurus and Chaohu- saurus. (Modern reptiles and mam- mals have only about 20.) Undulatory swimmers, such as cat sharks, can maneuver and accel- erate sufficiently to catch prey in the relatively shallow water above the continental shelf. Living lizards also undulate to swim, though not as effi- ciently as creatures that spend all their time at sea. It is logical to conclude, then, that the first ichthyosaurs—which looked like cat sharks and descended from a lizardlike ancestor—swam in the same fashion and lived in the envi- ronment above the continental shelf. Undulatory swimming enables pred- ators to thrive near shore, where food is abundant, but it is not the best choice for an animal that has to travel long dis- tances to find a meal. Offshore preda- tors, which hunt in the open ocean where food is less concentrated, need a more energy-efficient swimming style. Mackerel sharks solve this problem by having stiff bodies that do not undulate as their tails swing back and forth. A crescent-shaped caudal fin, which acts as an oscillating hydrofoil, also improves their cruising efficiency. Fish-shaped ich- ANCIENT SKELETONS have helped scientists trace how the slender, lizardlike bodies of the first ichthyosaurs (top) thickened into a fish shape with a dorsal fin and a tail fluke. EDHECK Chaohusaurus geishanesis 0.5 to 0.7 meter • Lived 245 million years ago (EarlyTriassic) DORSAL FIN TAIL FLUKE Mixosaurus cornalianus 0.5 to 1 meter • Lived 235 million years ago (MiddleTriassic) Ophthalmosaurus icenicus 3 to 4 meters • Lived from 165 million to 150 million years ago (Middle to Late Jurassic) FACT: No other reptile group ever evolved a fish-shaped body 22 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN EXCLUSIVE ONLINE ISSUE APRIL 2003 COPYRIGHT 2003 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC.
24. thyosaurs had such a caudal fin, and their thick body profile implies that they probably swam like mackerel sharks. Inspecting a variety of shark species reveals that the thicker the body from top to bottom, the larger the diameter of the vertebrae in the animal’s trunk. It seems that sharks and ichthyosaurs solved the flexibility problem resulting from having high numbers of body seg- ments in similar ways. As the bodies of ichthyosaurs thickened over time, the number of vertebrae stayed about the same. To add support to the more volu- minous body, the backbone became at least one and a half times thicker than those of the first ichthyosaurs. As a con- sequence of this thickening, the body became less flexible, and the individual vertebrae acquired their hockey-puck appearance. Drawn to the Deep The ichthyosaurs’ invasion of open water meant not only a wider cov- erage of surface waters but also a deep- er exploration of the marine environ- ment. We know from the fossilized stom- ach contents of fish-shaped ichthyosaurs that they mostly ate squidlike creatures known as dibranchiate cephalopods. Squid-eating whales hunt anywhere from about 100 to 1,000 meters deep and sometimes down to 3,000 meters. The great range in depth is hardly sur- prising considering that food resources are widely scattered below about 200 meters. But to hunt down deep, whales and other air-breathing divers have to go there and get back to the surface in one breath—no easy task. Reducing en- ergy use during swimming is one of the best ways to conserve precious oxygen stored in their bodies. Consequently, deep divers today have streamlined shapes that reduce drag—and so did fish-shaped ichthyosaurs. Characteristics apart from diet and body shape also indicate that at least some fish-shaped ichthyosaurs were deep divers. The ability of an air-breathing diver to stay submerged depends roughly on its body size: the heavier the diver, the more oxygen it can store in its muscles, blood and certain other or- gans—and the slower the consumption of oxygen per unit of body mass. The evolution of a thick, stiff body increased the volume and mass of fish-shaped ichthyosaurs relative to their predeces- sors. Indeed, a fish-shaped ichthyosaur would have been up to six times heav- ier than a lizard-shaped ichthyosaur of the same body length. Fish-shaped ich- thyosaurs also grew longer, further aug- menting their bulk. Calculations based on the aerobic capacities of today’s air- breathing divers (mostly mammals and KARENCARR KARENCARR;ADRIENNESMUCKER(vertebrae) SWIMMING STYLES—and thus the hab- itats (above)—of ichthyosaurs changed as the shape of their vertebrae evolved. The narrow backbone of the first ichthyosaurs suggests that they undulated their bodies like eels (right). This motion allowed for the quickness and maneuverability needed for shallow-water hunting. As the back- bone thickened in later ichthyosaurs, the body stiffened and so could remain still as the tail swung back and forth (bottom). This stillness facilitated the energy-efficient cruising needed to hunt in the open ocean. CHAOHUSAURUS CHAOHUSAURUS CONTINENTAL SHELF OPHTHALMOSAURUS OPHTHALMOSAURUS BACKBONE SEGMENT 23 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN EXCLUSIVE ONLINE ISSUE APRIL 2003 COPYRIGHT 2003 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC.
25. birds) indicate that an animal the weight of fish-shaped Ophthalmosaurus, which was about 950 kilograms, could hold its breath for at least 20 minutes. A con- servative estimate suggests, then, that Ophthalmosaurus could easily have dived to 600 meters—possibly even 1,500 meters—and returned to the sur- face in that time span. Bone studies also indicate that fish- shaped ichthyosaurs were deep divers. Limb bones and ribs of four-limbed ter- restrial animals include a dense outer shell that enhances the strength needed to support a body on land. But that dense layer is heavy. Because aquatic vertebrates are fairly buoyant in water, they do not need the extra strength it provides. In fact, heavy bones (which are little help for oxygen storage) can impede the ability of deep divers to return to the sur- face. A group of French biolo- gists has established that mod- ern deep-diving mammals solve that problem by making the outer shell of their bones spongy and less dense. The same type of spongy layer also encases the bones of fish- shaped ichthyosaurs, which implies that they, too, benefit- ed from lighter skeletons. Perhaps the best evidence for the deep-diving habits of later ichthyosaurs is their remarkably large eyes, up to 23 centimeters across in the case of Ophthalmo- saurus. Relative to body size, that fish-shaped ichthyosaur had the biggest eyes of any animal ever known. The size of their eyes also suggests that visual capacity improved as ichthyosaurs moved up the family tree. These esti- mates are based on measurements of the sclerotic ring, a doughnut-shaped bone ICHTHYOSAUR EYES were surprisingly large. Analyses of doughnut-shaped eye bones called sclerot- ic rings reveal that Ophthalmosaurus had the largest eyes relative to body size of any adult vertebrate, liv- ing or extinct, and that Temnodontosaurus had the biggest eyes, period. The beige shape in the back- ground is the size of an Ophthalmosaurus sclerotic ring. The photograph depicts a well-preserved ring from Stenopterygius. FACT: Their eyes were the largest of any animal,living or dead TOMONARASHIMA(animals);EDWARDBELL(scleroticring);RYOSUKEMOTANI(photograph) APPROXIMATE MAXIMUM DIAMETER OF EYE: AFRICAN ELEPHANT 5 CENTIMETERS BLUEWHALE 15 CENTIMETERS OPHTHALMOSAURUS 23 CENTIMETERS GIANT SQUID 25 CENTIMETERS TEMNODONTOSAURUS 26 CENTIMETERS 24 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN EXCLUSIVE ONLINE ISSUE APRIL 2003 COPYRIGHT 2003 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC.
26. that was embedded in their eyes. (Hu- mans do not have such a ring—it was lost in mammalian ancestors—but most other vertebrates have bones in their eyes.) In the case of ichthyosaurs, the ring presumably helped to maintain the shape of the eye against the forces of water passing by as the animals swam, regardless of depth. The diameter of the sclerotic ring makes it possible to calculate the eye’s minimum f-number—an index, used to rate camera lenses, for the relative brightness of an optical system. The lower the number, the brighter the image and therefore the shorter the exposure time required. Low-quality lenses have a value of f/3.5 and higher; high-quality lenses have values as low as f/1.0. The f- number for the human eye is about 2.1, whereas the number for the eye of a noc- turnal cat is about 0.9. Calculations sug- gest that a cat would be capable of see- ing at depths of 500 meters or greater in most oceans. Ophthalmosaurus also had a minimum f-number of about 0.9, but with its much larger eyes, it proba- bly could outperform a cat. Gone for Good Many characteristics of ichthyo- saurs—including the shape of their bodies and backbones, the size of their eyes, their aerobic capacity, and their habitat and diet—seem to have changed in a connected way during their evolution, although it is not possi- ble to judge what is the cause and what is the effect. Such adaptations enabled ichthyosaurs to reign for 155 million years. New fossils of the earliest of these sea dwellers are now making it clear just how they evolved so success- fully for aquatic life, but still no one knows why ichthyosaurs went extinct. Loss of habitat may have clinched the final demise of lizard-shaped ichthyo- saurs, whose inefficient, undulatory swimming style limited them to near- shore environments. A large-scale drop in sea level could have snuffed out these creatures along with many others by eliminating their shallow-water niche. Fish-shaped ichthyosaurs, on the other hand, could make a living in the open ocean, where they would have had a better chance of survival. Because their habitat never disappeared, something else must have eliminated them. The period of their disappearance roughly corresponds to the appearance of ad- vanced sharks, but no one has found direct evidence of competition between the two groups. Scientists may never fully explain the extinction of ichthyosaurs. But as pale- ontologists and other investigators con- tinue to explore their evolutionary his- tory, we are sure to learn a great deal more about how these fascinating crea- tures lived. The Author RYOSUKE MOTANI, who was born in Tokuyama, Japan, is a researcher in the department of paleobiology at the Royal Ontario Muse- um in Toronto. As a child he found ichthyosaurs uninteresting. (“They looked too ordinary in my picture books,” he recalls.) But his view changed during his undergraduate years at the University of Tokyo, after a paleontology professor allowed him to study the only domestic reptilian fossil they had: an ichthyosaur. “I quickly fell in love with these noble beasts,” he says. Motani went on to explore ichthyosaur evo- lution for his doctoral degree from the University of Toronto in 1997. A fellowship from the Miller Institute then took him to the Universi- ty of California, Berkeley, for postdoctoral research. He moved back to Canada in September 1999. Further Information Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution. R. L. Carroll. Freeman, San Francisco, 1987. Dinosaurs, Spitfires, and Sea Dragons. Christopher McGowan. Harvard University Press, 1991. Eel-like Swimming in the Earliest Ichthyosaurs. Ryosuke Motani, You Hailu and Christopher McGowan in Nature, Vol. 382, pages 347–348; July 25, 1996. Ichthyosaurian Relationships Illuminated by New Primitive Skeletons from Japan. Ryosuke Motani, Nachio Minoura and Tat- suro Ando in Nature, Vol. 393, pages 255–257; May 21, 1998. Large Eyeballs in Diving Ichthyosaurs. Ryosuke Motani, Bruce M. Rothschild and William Wahl, Jr., in Nature, Vol. 402, page 747; December 16, 1999. Ryosuke Motani’s Web site: www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/ SMALL ISLAND in northeast Japan turned out to harbor two almost complete skeletons of Utatsusaurus, the oldest ichthyosaur. RYOSUKEMOTANI 25 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN EXCLUSIVE ONLINE ISSUE APRIL 2003 COPYRIGHT 2003 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC.
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The Phantom Atlas. » « Word Wednesday.
The Painting Hated by the GOP.
David Pulphus’s painting in response to the Ferguson unrest, “Untitled #1”, won first place in Missouri’s 1st Congressional District in the 2016 United States Congressional Art Competition.
Each year since 1982, the Congressional Institute has sponsored a high school art competition whereby students submit artwork to their congressional representative’s office, which in turn selects a winner. The 435 winning artworks are then exhibited in Washington, DC, hung salon style in a hallway between the Capitol Building and Longworth House Office Building for a year. The office of Representative William Lacy Clay, a Democrat from St. Louis, Missouri, selected a painting by Cardinal Ritter College Prep High School senior David Pulphus in early May 2016. Early this month, the untitled painting was hung in the Capitol. A few days later, the Independent Journal Review, a right-wing website with a mixed record on factual reporting, published an article titled, “Painting of Cops as Pigs Hung Proudly in US Capitol.” A cycle of outrage began. Fox News picked up the story. In a ginned up moment, Representative Duncan Hunter, Republican from San Diego, California unscrewed the painting from the wall, delivered it to Representative Clay’s office, and went to Fox News to brag about it. Today, Representative Clay and members of the Congressional Black Caucus rehung the painting. Shortly thereafter Representative Doug Lamborn, a Republican from Colorado, removed it again, only to have Representative Clay rehang it again. Congressional Republicans are discussing how to remove it permanently.
The full story is at Hyperallergic. For people who almost never shut up about being persecuted or censored (or criticized), conservatives are always the first ones to try and censor anything they don’t like.
Art, Bigotry, History, Justice, Law, Politics
Giliell, professional cynic -Ilk- says
Talk about “thin skinned” “easily offended” and “political correctness gone mad” again.
Caine says
Yeah. The short history that has piled up with this painting is near to unbelievable.
Crip Dyke, Right Reverend Feminist FuckToy of Death & Her Handmaiden says
I suppose the good thing is that the publicity is inevitably going to make that painting valuable enough to pay for Pulphus’ education.
I like Hyperallergic, btw. It’s new to me, but is going to be in my regular reading rotation now.
brucegee1962 says
I think the kid’s got talent. However, there are a few things that bother me.
1. I think the criticism that the painting is an incitement to violence against police has merit, in the sense that whenever you depict your foe as nonhuman, you are encouraging violence against them. Dehumanizing is almost always the first step in a campaign of violence, and we see it used against the left all the time. Before bigots want to kill someone, there is usually a full-throated dehumanization campaign. Vermin. Cockroaches. Maggots. When you use dehumanizing language against your opponents, I think you’re implicitly encouraging violence against them. Our side should be better than that. I agree that many cops have done hateful things, but we need to reform the system, not threaten them (which will just make the situation worse, anyway.)
2. What’s all this talk about censorship? Again, from our side, I’m always hearing people on FtB say that free speech does not automatically equal a guarantee of a platform — in this case, one of the highest platforms in the land, the halls of Congress. If this was in a private art gallery, or printed in a book, and they tried to ban it, then that would be censorship, and we should definitely oppose it. But it seems to me that Congress can be allowed to have a say in what is expressed in its own workspace.
brucegee
I think the criticism that the painting is an incitement to violence against police has merit, in the sense that whenever you depict your foe as nonhuman, you are encouraging violence against them. Dehumanizing is almost always the first step in a campaign of violence, and we see it used against the left all the time.
1. You’re ignoring that the “opponent” is also depicted as non-human.
2. Come on, really? Inciting violence against the police? How does it encourage violence as a solution?
What’s all this talk about censorship? Again, from our side, I’m always hearing people on FtB say that free speech does not automatically equal a guarantee of a platform — in this case, one of the highest platforms in the land, the halls of Congress.
From the OP:
The 435 winning artworks are then exhibited in Washington, DC, hung salon style in a hallway between the Capitol Building and Longworth House Office Building for a year.
The platform was offered by the person whose responsibility it is to do so. Unless you can demonstrate that it is normal and common for Representatives to veto and remove paintings, that Representative Clay broke any rules in selsecting this painting, this is a case where some people are trying to curtail the freedom of expression of the artist who painted it and the Representative who selected it.
Bruce:
Well no shit, Sherlock. All of that is made utterly clear in the painting. It’s about stereotypes, othering, and how some groups live up to stereotypes. You seem to have completely missed that the person the guns are aimed at is portrayed as the big, bad, black wolf. There’s also a cop to the right portrayed as a human. Like most people determined to be idiotic, you didn’t even bother looking at the painting. You see the painting in the same exact way as the bigoted cons do.
But it seems to me that Congress can be allowed to have a say in what is expressed in its own workspace.
Yeah, another no shit, Sherlock. WTF? You didn’t bother to read the article, did you? Or is this just asshole day for you? Yes, congress is allowed a say, congress had that say, declared this piece one of the winners, to be on display in a specific place for one year. Bigoted asswipes keep removing the painting because they don’t like it, and yes, that’s fucking censorship. This isn’t a matter of any congress critter having the authority to fuck with the declared winners.
Put your brain in gear before you comment.
chigau (ever-elliptical) says
There are (probably) strict protocols for hanging and removing art from the walls of Government buildings.
These would not include random bozos taking down stuff they don’t like.
Hunter should be reprimanded for not following established procedure.
Don’t bureaucrats luuurve correct procedure?
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The weirdest stories from Santa Cruz County this year
By Wallace Baine, Lauren Hepler, Georgia Johnson, Steve Palopoli and Jacob Pierce
Criminals! Sea creatures! Criminal sea creatures! And all of the other things that made this year so bizarre in Santa Cruz County.
HEY, THAT REALLY WARMED THE PLACE UP! SAME TIME TOMORROW?
“Love’s what I got/ Don’t start a riot/ You’ll feel it when the dance gets hot.” Those Sublime lyrics were certainly not playing when 26 prisoners charged county sheriff’s deputies at Santa Cruz Main Jail. After complaining that their unit was too cold, the inmates pulled out all the stops booby-trapping the joint. They tied trip lines from ripped sheets, covered their arms with socks, hid their faces with makeshift masks and armed themselves with soap, a radio, a mop and books. They covered the floor with soap and water, and blocked stairwells and walkways with mattresses as they tried to pelt the guards with books and soap. Officers quelled the uprising with rubber pellets and beanbag rounds, and despite all the suds, no one made a clean getaway.
WE WERE TOLD THERE WOULD BE NO MATH
Train A is departing for UCSC with 9,000 new students. Train B is departing for the same destination carrying a buttload of angry Santa Cruz townspeople waving pitchforks. If Train A is scheduled to arrive by 2040, and Train B is scheduled to arrive any day now, how soon must Chancellor George Blumenthal retire to avoid getting the ass-poking of his life? For full credit, correlate the 80 percent of city voters who said “yes” to a meaningless measure in favor of limiting university expansion. Bonus points: Calculate the integer X that represents how much the UC Regents care that no one in Santa Cruz likes their plan, if X is less than zero.
OR ROUGHLY THE COST OF A THREE-BEDROOM ON OPAL CLIFF DRIVE
The 175-acre Coastside Ranch went on the market for $35 million. The property sits between Wilder Ranch and Cotoni-Coast Dairies National Monument. This prized ranch land includes the Red, White and Blue Beach, which was home to a nudist colony until 2006. OK, the price is right, but does it still smell like hippies?
SANTA CRUZ: PUTTING THE ‘GIVE’ IN ‘WE GIVE UP’
Tired of haphazardly managing a burgeoning transient population with nowhere to live, go to the bathroom, or even just hang out, the city of Santa Cruz started letting the homeless kick it at San Lorenzo Park. Everyone brought their tents to the benchlands for the months-long camp-out, until the city grew tired of hearing locals—many of them nearby county employees—complain about the impacts of the camp, and city parks employees got fed up with picking syringes out of the grass. Next, Santa Cruz opened up a smaller, more controlled camp on River Street. Most were happy with the new permanent camp. Well, it wasn’t permanent-permanent, but more temporary-permanent. Theoretically, there was a plan here. A city analyst swore to GT—as unrealistic as it sounded at the time—that it would be hasta luego for that camp by the end of June, and that the campers would move to a bigger facility. But actually, the camp closed in November, with no long-term solution in sight. Sigh.
WON’T YOU COME HOME, JAMES DURBIN? WON’T YOU COME ON HOME?
Back in 2011, it was madness. The electrifying performances on national TV. The packed bars and restaurants every week to watch them. The wild homecoming concert that drew 30,000 people to the Beach Boardwalk. It was Santa Cruz’s own mini-Beatlemania moment, and it was all thanks to the supernaturally talented singer James Durbin and his unlikely run on Fox’s American Idol. But in 2018, Durbinsanity was officially consigned to history when Durbin and his family left their Santa Cruz home for a new adventure in Nashville. Durbin was much more than a local phenom—he was a genuine national curiosity, the kid who struggled with the double diagnosis of Asperger’s and Tourette’s, but was nonetheless possessed of a rock singer’s wail that would make Robert Plant cry. Durbin represented Santa Cruz with distinction when he decided to champion ballsy hard rock on a show much more inclined to leather-lunged divas. Good luck, amigo. And thanks for the reflected glory.
SAXOPHONE GUY IS PROBABLY NOT LOOKING SO HOT ANYMORE, EITHER
There she is, sparkling like a child’s toy in the unforgettable hawk’s-eye-view opening shot of the Beach Boardwalk at night in The Lost Boys. The centerpiece of countless tourist photos and home movies, the Boardwalk’s majestic old Ferris wheel met its demise this year. First erected in 1959, the wheel was retired and dismantled in March. The Facebook explanation from the Boardwalk sounds like something you’d say to your 5-year-old when it’s time to take the dying family dog for one last trip to the vet: “Every ride is unique, and each has a lifespan. Sometimes it’s just time to let them go.” The decision removed a major courtship go-to move for generations of locals, leaving thousands of singles to wonder where they were supposed to go on a second date. It was also one of the few attractions at the Boardwalk not designed with drooling toddlers or insane adrenaline junkies in mind. Now, Santa Cruz speaks with one voice: Please, please leave the Sky Glider alone!
HER ENEMIES SLEEP WITH THE FISHES
Did you know that there’s a lady orca mob boss calling the shots on who lives and who dies in the Monterey Bay? There is, and her name is Emma. The matriarch of an orca pod that returns to the bay each spring to hunt is easy to spot because of her own Scarface-esque calling card: distinctive E-shaped notches in her dorsal fin that helped marine biologists like Nancy Black of the Monterey Bay Whale Watch link Emma’s pod with 12 local attacks on gray whales last year alone. In a refreshingly vivid reminder of our collective descent into unfettered social Darwinism, this year’s killer whale season started with a bang on April 5, when a group of unsuspecting whale watchers witnessed a crew of 17 orcas give a gray whale calf the business.
LEGAL, THAT’S A FUNNY WORD. IT SOUNDS KIND OF LIKE ‘EAGLE.’ AND ‘SCHMEGOL.’ DUDE, THAT LORD OF THE RINGS DUDE! HE WAS ALL, ‘THE PRECIOUS! PEW PEW!’ OH HAI MR. PO-PO MAN…
In Santa Cruz, the first 4/20 after legalization should have been a stoner slam-dunk. And it might have been, if UCSC’s campus police hadn’t decided to make their play for the Buzzkill Hall of Fame. As students and other bud enthusiasts gathered at Porter Meadows for the annual day of rest and nonsensical reflection, an estimated 100 officers from multiple UC police departments, plus a videographer working for the campus cops, were reportedly on hand to unfurl a giant wet blanket over the festivities. People’s Champion and art student Marco Cota, for one, tried to make peace with the officers directing revelers to stop smoking in public. “The policeman declined his offer to share the doobie,” the San Jose Mercury News reported.
FOR THE LOVE OF GOD, SOMEBODY JUMP IN THERE AND GET HER!
Santa Cruz native Shell Eisenberg set a new U.S. women’s national record in May by freediving to a depth of 85 meters (278.87 feet). To put that in perspective, it’s more than twice the maximum limit for recreational diving (40 meters) and far beyond even what is considered a “deep dive” for technical divers (60m). Santa Cruz’s Kirby School, of which Eisenberg is an alumna, proudly trumpeted her accomplishment on their web page. However, they inadvertently put an unsettling twist on the story with a graphic of the Washington Monument that showed her dive was roughly equivalent to half-way down the stone structure. “This is the depth she dove to,” it was captioned. “Now she has to swim back to the surface.” Wait, she’s still down there?
A DOE, A DEER, A BADASS DEER
In its venerable history, the shark has faced legendary battles with many foes. Crocodile. Octopus. Mechashark. So the 9-foot-long great white off the Aptos shore on May 9 probably thought it was in for some easy pickings when it began circling a deer swimming near the cement ship. OK, first it probably thought it had taken some bad mushrooms, because why the hell was it seeing a deer swimming near the cement ship? But hey, lunch is lunch, right? Alas, venison would not be on the menu that day, because this deer was a hell of a swimmer, and beat the Vegas deer vs. shark odds by making it to the shore in one piece. As to why it was ever out in the ocean to begin with, Santa Cruz shark researcher Sean R. van Sommeran of the Pelagic Shark Research Foundation—who witnessed the whole thing, and posted a YouTube video of it after doing his best to help the deer get to land—told KSBW he thought it might have been “spooked” by park and beach visitors while walking along the road.
DOING THEIR CIVIC DUTY
It’s no secret that walking into the Santa Cruz Civic Auditorium is like walking in to a 1950s time warp. The wooden seats and overly steep metal stairs are reminiscent of a high school spirit rally in an old-timey gymnasium—okay for the retro-cool Derby Girls, but not exactly ideal when it comes to Santa Cruz symphony concerts. With the complaints about practicality, handicap accommodations and air conditioning in mind, Santa Cruz Mayor David Terraza and Ellen Primack, executive director of the Cabrillo Festival of Contemporary Music, announced plans for a $20 million Civic Auditorium makeover to be potentially funded by a future ballot measure.
WE LITERALLY CANNOT STOP WRITING ABOUT SHARKS #SORRYNOTSORRY
Everyone knows shark populations in the Monterey Bay have gone up in recent years, which researchers attribute to food availability. Though shark attacks are super rare, beachgoers were still on the edge of their uncomfortable chairs when a Capitola kayaker reported that he saw two dozen sharks about the same size as his kayak while paddling off of New Brighton State Beach. A young, 8-foot male great white weighing in at 500 pounds washed up in Aptos a few days later. It had several cuts and scrapes, which prompted criminal investigators to push their way through the crowd of Instagrammers for a closer look.
I AM THE KEYMASTER. ARE YOU THE GATEKEEPER?
The California Coastal Commission had an ultimatum for the Opal Cliffs Recreation District: Open your freakin’ beach to the public, or else. The district’s response: How about no? Some Mid-County surfers and neighbors have long preferred keeping the gated Privates Beach under lock and key (membership costs $100 a year), arguing that it keeps the area pristine. So when the Coastal Commission provided a July 31 deadline to respond, the county let the date come and go, opening up a controversy over coastal access. The standoff has cooled off in the months since, after neighbors indicated they would be open to keeping the gate open to the public for at least a few hours a day. Assuming it all works out, we hope that the Coastal Commission’s next ruling has to do with a name change for Privates Beach. Whoever named that is bad at naming beaches and should feel bad.
THE ONLY THING LANDLORDS HATE MORE THAN RENT CONTROL IS A CHANCE TO EXPLAIN WHY THEY HATE RENT CONTROL
Landlords and other opponents of the Measure M rent control initiative somehow missed the deadline to file an argument against the local measure that they were so angry about. Supporters, meanwhile, turned their piece in on time. Santa Cruz city employees said that they were to blame for all the confusion, and the City Council granted opponents more time to file their argument. That reminds us, we’re actually gonna be a few weeks late on rent this month … so we’ll just beg the City Council to let us turn it in when we get around to it. Is that how it works?
DO YOU PROMISE TO BE EXCELLENT TO EACH OTHER, IN SICKNESS AND IN HEALTH?
Anyone who’s seen Keanu Reeves’ most recent film, Destination Wedding, probably has a good idea of what he’s like in real life—handsome, sort of funny and mildly awkward, perhaps a tad dickish. But his name does mean “cool breeze over the mountains” in Hawaiian, so we could be wrong. One couple who got married at the Dream Inn got an unexpected little Hawaiian breeze of their own when Reeves showed up out of the blue at their wedding. Guests reported seeing a phone booth nearby, which seems kind of weird in this day and age, especially because it had Alex Winters in it.
GARY GRIGGS IS COMING FOR YOU, DUDE
Easy way to get to be Santa Cruz’s most hated person of the day? Spill 200 gallons of diesel into one of the world’s most renowned marine sanctuaries. That’s what happened when a man ran a 56-foot commercial fishing boat aground on Aug. 13 near UCSC’s Seymour Marine Discovery Center. He and his dog were able to hop off and walk away—too bad the otters and dolphins couldn’t do the same.
LET’S HOPE WE DIDN’T GET CAST AS THE SUNKEN PLACE
Physics majors will tell you that it’s technically impossible to be hot and cool at the same time. But that doesn’t apply to director/writer/actor Jordan Peele, who landed an Oscar nom and scored major hipster cred with his directorial debut Get Out last year. In September, Peele (formerly of the Key & Peele comedy duo) came to the Seabright neighborhood of Santa Cruz with his production crew to shoot some exteriors and stunt scenes for his new film titled Us, to be released in March. There is apparently a Mueller-esque level of security against leaking details of the new movie. What we do know is that, as with Get Out, Peele will be working from his own script, and he’ll be tackling the subject of race in, we can hope, the same funny-scary-angry tone that made his debut film such a standout. The movie will star Lupita Nyong’o, Elisabeth Moss and at least one or two breathtaking establishing shots of the local landscape.
BECAUSE OUR NAVEL IS JUST THAT GAZE-WORTHY
It was a big year for literary self-examination in Santa Cruz. Right on the heels of the collection Santa Cruz Noir, a second anthology of Santa Cruz-inspired literature, Santa Cruz Weird, was released in September. Weird featured 18 short stories, each an attempt to capture the uniquely eccentric essence of Santa Cruz and the various weirdos it attracts. The earlier book, Santa Cruz Noir, featured an entirely different cast of local writers, all turning their gaze to the sleazy dark underbelly of life in Surf City. Taken together, the two collections might present a fairly comprehensive, if somewhat lurid portrait of Santa Cruz. But we’ll wait for the third, still-unpublished volume to complete the picture: Santa Cruz Expensive and Crowded.
THOSE KPIG GUYS ARE ALWAYS GRANDSTANDING
Santa Cruz’s own John Sandidge—known for hosting KPIG’s live show Please Stand By, among a zillion other radio gigs over the last few decades—represented our Americana-loving citizens at the epicenter of country music when he was invited to emcee at the Grand Ole Opry on Oct. 20. He fittingly introduced the cosmic cowboy group Riders in the Sky, who he built a following for in Santa Cruz through his Snazzy Productions shows. They also sent him home with a commemorative “I Hosted the Grand Ole Opry” poster. In other news, commemorative “I Hosted the Grand Ole Opry” posters exist.
OH, THE IRONY OF THAT SEXY CORRECTIONAL OFFICER COSTUME
Santa Cruz used to be the kind of place where you could walk along Pacific Avenue on Halloween night and feel like you had stumbled into some kind of Mad Max: Fury Road post-apocalyptic wasteland. But an ongoing police crackdown has taken most of the terrifying mayhem out of the city’s favorite night of debauchery, and this year the cops promised to bring the hammer down hard again, with fines for public nuisance tripled. As 6,000 people flooded downtown, the SCPD delivered, handing out 57 citations and making 17 arrests. The creepiest case—and not in a fun way—was an intoxicated 34-year-old man who was arrested with a Hi-Point .380 caliber pistol in his backpack. Police reported that the gun was loaded, with a bullet in the chamber and the serial numbers scratched off.
AND IN PAIGE CONCANNON ELECTION NEWS: PAIGE CONCANNON
In the Nov. 6 election, charming District 4 Supervisor Greg Caput firmly held off his challenger, promising four more years of his affably incoherent brand of local politics on the county Board of Supervisors. The affordable housing bond went down in flames, gaining a clear majority but still falling 11 points short of the two-thirds vote needed to pass. Rent control got spanked at the polls, failing to get even 40 percent voter support. Justin Cummings, Donna Meyers and Drew Glover won spots on the City Council. Greg Larson missed out, coming in fourth, despite going more than $10,000 over the voluntary campaign-spending limit. But the real winner of the council race, at least in our hearts, may have been public safety candidate Paige Concannon, certainly not in terms of votes—the Seabright Republican finished ninth in the field of 10—but her name is super catchy and just really fun to say. Paige Concannon! Paige Concannon!
The Santa Cruz Mountains saw a handful of small fires this past fall, all of them within a couple weeks of each other—from the area around Pogonip and Paradise Park to Scotts Valley and Boulder Creek. The smoke mixed in with that from disastrous fires raging around the state of California. Although the haze was not nearly as bad in Santa Cruz as it was in the Central Valley, the air quality here was still bad enough to warrant warnings about the risk of exposure. Some smart people even started wearing protective masks, but most of us acted like we were still in college hanging out at smoky dorms and dive bars. NBD!
O LITTLE TOWN OF POP-UP SALES
Are you in the market for some locally woven macrame? What about dainty, hand-forged jewelry? Beard wax from a local purveyor, rather than some asshat in Brooklyn? Good news: There’s not just one holiday pop-up for your local shopping needs, but what seems like at least one a day this year in Santa Cruz, Watsonville, Felton and beyond. Yes, the Portlandia overtones can be strong, but there’s good reason for slapping a maker hashtag on your Instagram bio and setting up shop at a local pop-up. As food truck restaurateurs have also made clear in recent years, Santa Cruz County is increasingly cost-prohibitive for creative small businesses.
SHOULD WE STAY OR SHOULD WE GROW
On Dec. 11, the Santa Cruz City Council gave the green light to a new six-story, 205-unit downtown apartment complex. On the same day, the County Board of Supervisors accepted a proposal to severely limit growth in the Pleasure Point neighborhood and reduce Portola Drive from four lanes of traffic to two. The mixed messages on building for a bigger population are nothing new—see also: CEQA environmental lawsuits that can add years to local construction projects—but the pressure is magnified with anxiety about rising costs. If the neighborhood-level politics aren’t enough, keep an eye in the year ahead on investigations and lawsuits swirling around the Rail Trail corridor, from a legal challenge to a proposed rail service agreement to pending campaign finance violations against the Greenway Capitola anti-rail advocacy group.
About the author Related posts
Wallace Baine
Staff Writer at Good Times | Blog
Wallace Baine has been an arts writer, film critic, columnist and editor in Santa Cruz for more than 25 years. He is the author of “A Light in the Midst of Darkness,” a cultural history of the independent bookseller Bookshop Santa Cruz, as well as the book “Rhymes with Vain: Belabored Humor and Attempted Profundity,” and the story collection “The Last Temptation of Lincoln.” He is a staff writer for Good Times, Metro Silicon Valley and San Benito/South Valley magazine.
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Healing Our Cities
towards a cleaner and greener urban living
Waste Matters
Responsible Waste Management
Aravalli Bachao
Tag: protect aravalis
Citizen Campaigns
CITIZENS CAMPAIGN TO SAVE THE ARAVALLI FORESTS
February 26, 2019 April 22, 2019 Neelam Ahluwalia
Amidst the backdrop of the beautiful Aravalli forests on both sides of the Gurgaon- Faridabad road, last Sunday morning, 24 February 2019, the energy of the 300 plus young and old citizens who had congregated from different parts of the National Capital Region was highly infectious. People shouted slogans, marched for about 2 kms and formed a human chain. Slogans such as ‘Clean air and water is our fundamental right’, ‘Builder – Neta nexus – hai hai’, ‘Stop the PLPA amendment’, ‘No Aravalli, No Vote’, reverberated in the air.
The protest was against the proposal of the Haryana Chief Minister Manohar Lal Khattar’s Cabinet to amend the Punjab Land Preservation Act (PLPA) during the ongoing state assembly session in Chandigarh which will open up 33% of the forest land in the state for urbanisation and real estate development. At complete risk of destruction are 16,000 plus acres of Aravalli forests in Gurgaon district and 10,000 plus acres in Faridabad. The citizens could not understand why the government was hell bent on destroying the few remaining forests when Haryana already has a dubious distinction of being the state with the lowest forest cover in India, a mere 3.59%. Allowing rampant construction activity in the Aravallis which are critical for recharging our ground water will negatively impact water security in this region where the extraction is 300% more than the recharge.
Vijay Dhasmana, an ecologist working to create native forests in urban areas addressed the protestors and said, “The forests of the Aravallis are our shield against desertification and a biodiversity hotspot with 400 plus species of native trees, shrubs and herbs uniquely adapted to the dry conditions, 200 plus bird species and wildlife such as leopards, hyenas, jackals, neelgais, mongoose, civet cats as well as reptiles and insects. This government move signals a clear intent to deny the tag of ‘forest’ to the Aravallis to allow entry of real estate.”
Many children and adult residents of the NCR face severe respiratory problems and other health issues due to the extremely poor air quality. Opening up the Aravalli forests, which act as the green lungs of this region for real estate development will further worsen the air pollution problem and put citizen’s health and quality of life at stake. Navya, a 16-year-old girl spoke about how she got severely affected by air pollution when she moved to Gurgaon. “The allergy level in my lungs shot up to 2000 when the maximum limit is 170. I had to take heavy medications. Is this how the government wants us to live – wearing masks, eating medicines and restricting our outdoor activities due to high levels of air pollution.”
Sunil Harsana from Mangar village, challenged the government’s definition of ‘development’ which leaves Gurgaon, Faridabad and the NCR region starving for water and fresh air. “Why do we have to exploit our natural resources to create wealth – why can’t we ensure forests and development go hand in hand?”
Pranit, a student from the Heritage Xperiential Learning School, Gurgaon, spoke about the student delegation which went along with 50 adult citizens from Delhi and Gurgaon to appeal to the Haryana Government Forest Minister, Rao Narbir Singh to stop this amendment to PLPA on Sunday, 17 February 2019. “During our meeting with the Minister, we talked about how we as citizens have the right to life as per the Indian Constitution, and without the Aravallis we would be denied both air and water which are fundamental for life. The Minister agreed to discuss the concerns of the citizens with the Chief Minister.”
Mansha, Kriti and Aakriti – the other members of the student delegation who had gone to meet the Forest Minister talked about how they have taken to social media – posting on Twitter and Instagram that the PLPA should not be amended and have been circulating the petition for the same on change.org encouraging family and friends to participate in the Aravali Bachao campaign. The young students were even ready to take leave from school and travel to Chandigarh to meet the Chief Minister if they could get an appointment with him. They strongly feel that their future is at stake and as ‘young voters to be’, they want to request the CM to save the Aravallis.
Chetan Agarwal, a forest analyst painted a chilling picture of the provisions of the proposed amendments to the PLPA and the implications thereof. He said, “The amendments proposed are so far reaching that they will effectively repeal the act making it totally redundant in Haryana.” “The act is 118 years ago and has served us well. What is the hurry to amend it in such a rush, without examination and review”, said Lt Col (Rtd) Sarvadaman Singh Oberoi, a Gurgaon resident working on Aravalli protection for the past many years.
Vinita Singh, a constitutional expert stressed that protection of forests and wildlife are firmly entrenched in the constitution of India as a commitment of the state to its citizens and that everyone present at the protest are rightly protesting the government’s attempt to subvert the same. The government should not be tabling a crucial bill that has not been shared with the public or the forest department for their views. She requested people to use twitter and other social media to spread awareness on this critical issue threatening the survival of Haryana’s few remaining forests.
Please refer to our website page https://healingourcities.org/aravalibachao/ for more information on the Aravali Bachao citizen’s campaign – Online Petition, Implications of Amending the PLPA, Citizen’s Asks from the Haryana Government, Films in English and Hindi, Campaign Activities etc.
Use the following hashtags to be a part of the Aravalli Bachao twitter campaign.
#AravalliBachao
#SOSAravallis
#SaveIndianForests
You can also join our Aravalli Bachao facebook group
https://www.facebook.com/groups/2058103447642249/?ref=bookmarks
Post by Neelam Ahluwalia
On behalf of the citizen’s group ‘Friends of Aravallis’
Tagged protect aravalisLeave a comment
Community Level Waste Management
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How did Heat players react to Dwyane Wade’s return? They couldn’t believe it
MIAMI — If you were surprised to hear Dwyane Wade is returning to the Heat, you’re not alone. When a reporter informed Hassan Whiteside of the news, Miami’s center didn’t believe it.
“You joking or are you for real?” Whiteside asked after Thursday’s practice. “For real?”
The greatest player in franchise history is back with the team he spent the first 13 seasons of his NBA career with. The Heat re-acquired Wade on Thursday, a few hours before the trade deadline, by sending a second-round pick to the Cavaliers.
Dwyane Wade #3 of the Miami Heat looks on during Game 4 of the Eastern Conference Semifinals of the 2016 NBA Playoffs against the Toronto Raptors at American Airlines Arena on May 9, 2016 in Miami, Florida. (Photo by Mike Ehrmann/Getty Images)
“I literally just walked past and heard the news,” Heat guard Tyler Johnson said, who spent two seasons as Wade’s teammate in Miami. “It’s crazy. I mean, it’s a steal. It’s a steal. I couldn’t imagine it happening like this, but obviously we’ll take a Hall of Famer back.
“Who could have called it? Nobody called D-Wade coming back for a second round pick. It sounds made up. It sounds like a 2K trade.”
[Dwyane Wade’s top five Miami Heat highlights]
[Five of Dwyane Wade’s greatest plays for the Miami Heat]
[Dwyane Wade: By the numbers]
Nobody was happier about the news than Udonis Haslem, Wade’s close friend and longtime Heat teammate. Haslem and Wade entered the NBA together as Heat rookies in 2003-04 and spent the first 13 seasons of their careers together.
“I guess I can share my city with him again,” Haslem said with a smile. “… This is probably one of the more shocking [moments as a Heat player] out of all the things that have happened just because I’ve been talking to him the last couple days, and we kind of feel like we spoke it into existence a little bit. The last couple days, we’ve been texting back and forth and just brainstorming about different things and different opportunities. Like I said, we all thought this would probably play out next year. But the timing is the timing.”
Dragic couldn’t hide his smile when he was informed the Heat traded for Wade.
“He’s a Heat lifer,” Dragic said. “He put this franchise on his back and we need him. It will be awesome to bring our captain back. He’s my guy. I remember what he means to me when I came here. He helped me a lot. His experience, he can do a lot of things.”
Richardson, who is in the middle of a breakout season and is averaging 16.2 points in 34 games since Dec. 1, is looking forward to continuing his lessons with Wade. Richardson spent his rookie season as Wade’s teammate.
“He’s an awesome guy,” Richardson said. “He was one of my vets my rookie year and he took care of myself and Justise [Winslow]. I think he has a lot of stuff that that he can teach us and teach me about the roles that he scores and the way that he does things.”
As expected, there was also plenty of social media reaction.
Wade’s wife, Gabrielle Union, tweeted: “305 HOME!!!! Let’s goooooooo HEAT!!!! Can’t. Wait.”
Wade’s close friend and former Heat and Cavaliers teammate LeBron James posted a photo of Wade in a Heat uniform with the caption, “Truly happy for my brother @dwyanewade!! It’s how it’s suppose to be. Love you my guy!! #WadeCountyBack”
The energy that Wade’s acquisition brought to the Heat was visible through the smiles on players’ faces.
“It was a sad day when Wade left and it’s a beautiful day now that he’s back,” Heat president Pat Riley said in a conference call with reporters Thursday. “You’re back to Wade County. That’s a headline right there.
[Heat re-acquire Luke Babbitt, send Okaro White to Atlanta]
Author Anthony ChiangPosted on February 8, 2018 February 8, 2018 Categories 2017-18 season, Anthony Chiang, Dwyane Wade, NBA newsTags Dwyane Wade, heatzone, Miami Heat, sports, sportsfront
13 thoughts on “How did Heat players react to Dwyane Wade’s return? They couldn’t believe it”
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Fiction Short Stories
An Exit out of Othgurd
This snap fiction story (what’s that?) stepped up when I snapped this photo of a series of steps leading up and out of a park.
℘
Marila felt the next set of steps even before she could see them. By now, she knew the sensation. The world started to feel fluid and viscous, the air thinner and colder, and time seemed to struggle to keep up with her. Or did she struggle to keep up with time?
Even after six previous encounters, it still unsettled her. Could it be that here, at the seventh set of steps, the effects of the enchantment were even stronger? If the Old Matriarch had told them the truth, this would be a way out—the way out through the Witching Woods. At every step, their trek had become harder, punctuated by the steps. The flights had been about five miles apart, and it had taken all of Marila’s persuasion to keep Roug from running up them, desperate as he was to get out of the forest.
Day had turned into night since they departed the Old Matriarch’s hut, and night had turned to day again. They were very far from home now; or were they, as promised, very close?
“Come on, Roug, we’re almost there,” she urged.
Her brother was pale and listless, less than a shadow of the bouncing boy she had grown up loving so much. But she was determined to succeed. She had promised to return him to their parents, who had already been magicked out of this newly darkened land of Othgurd after surrendering their copy of the Lore Scrolls. If, that is, the old woman had told the truth.
Othgurd was lost, that much Marila believed, after all the suffering she’d seen. There was no way back, but there might be a way out.
“Marila?” Roug’s voice was barely a whisper. She kneeled before him and looked deep into his eyes, forcing his attention towards her.
Only then did Marila realize that she didn’t hear it. In fact, she heard nothing. The rustling of the leaves, their footsteps, her own breath—it was all gone. All that remained was Roug’s voice.
She remembered the Old Matriarch’s words: at the gate, Roug would receive the gift of hearing and she, Marina, would have the gift of sight. Could this be the moment?
As she led Roug towards the seventh steps, he clung closer to her.
“Can you see them?” she asked.
He shook his head and shuddered. His voice was barely more than a breath as he said, “I see nothing.”
Marila checked that the Lore Scroll was still secure in her leather pouch and then placed Roug in front of her. She placed her feet under his, just as they’d done so often when they were smaller. Footstep by footstep, she guided him forward and up the steps.
“Trust me,” she said, “I can see it.”
“I know,” he almost laughed, “I can hear it.”
Marila’s world was still devoid of all other sounds. She asked, “What do you hear?”
“Mama’s voice,” Roug said, and his grip on her hand grew stronger and stronger with each step.
Quoth… Harald Frygtson
Quoth… Dame Ethel Fitzmartin
A Stencil in Spacetime
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Home People Hoover chamber salutes 2018 public safety workers of the year
Hoover chamber salutes 2018 public safety workers of the year
by JON ANDERSON
2018 Public Safety Worker Awards
The Hoover Area Chamber of Commerce on Thursday, March 21, 2019, honored the city's 2018 top public safety workers. On the top row, from left, are Firefighter of the Year Stephen Finlen, Paramedic of the Year Rusty Lowe, Detention Officer of the Year Willie Young and 911 Operator of the Year Amy Appleton. On the bottom row are, from left, Police Officer of the Year finalist Cyle Cutcliff, Police Officer of the Year Brandon Harris and Police Officer of the Year finalist Chad Logan.
Brandon Harris Nick Derzis
Hoover police Chief Nick Derzis, at left, presents Detective Brandon Harris with the 2018 Hoover Police Officer of the Year award at the Hoover Area Chamber of Commerce luncheon at the Hoover Country Club in Hoover, Alabama, on Thursday, March 21, 2019.
Brandon Harris group
The Hoover Area Chamber of Commerce on Thursday, March 21, 2019 presented its 2018 Hoover public safety awards. Shown here are, from left, Mayor Frank Brocato, police Chief Nick Derzis, Police Officer of the Year Brandon Harris and Hoover Area Chamber of Commerce President Terry Turner.
police officer group
The Hoover Area Chamber of Commerce on Thursday, March 21, 2019 presented its 2018 Hoover public safety awards. Shown here are, from left, Police Officer of the Year finalist Cyle Cutcliff, police Chief Nick Derzis, Police Officer of the Year Brandon Harris and Police Officer of the Year finalist Chad Logan.
Detective Brandon Harris is the 2018 Hoover Police Officer of the Year. He was presented the award at the Hoover Area Chamber of Commerce luncheon at the Hoover Country Club in Hoover, Alabama, on Thursday, March 21, 2019.
Cyle Cutcliff
Cyle Cutcliff was a finalist for the 2018 Hoover Police Officer of the Year award.
Chad Logan
Chad Logan was a finalist for the 2018 Hoover Police Officer of the Year award.
police officer public safety awards 2018 group
The Hoover Area Chamber of Commerce on Thursday, March 21, 2019 presented its 2018 Hoover public safety awards. Shown here are, from left, Mayor Frank Brocato, police Chief Nick Derzis, Police Officer of the Year Brandon Harris, Police Officer of the Year finalists Cyle Cutcliff and Chad Logan, and Hoover Area Chamber of Commerce President Terry Turner.
Stephen Finlen, center, is the 2018 Hoover Firefighter of the Year. He is shown here with Hoover Mayor Frank Brocato and Hoover fire Chief Clay Bentley at the Hoover Area Chamber of Commerce luncheon at the Hoover Country Club on Thursday, March 21, 2019.
Rusty Lowe group
The Hoover Area Chamber of Commerce on Thursday, March 21, 2019 presented its 2018 Hoover public safety awards. Shown here are, from left, Mayor Frank Brocato, 2018 Hoover Paramedic of the Year Rusty Lowe and Hoover Area Chamber of Commerce President Terry Turner.
Stephen Finlen
Stephen Finlen is the 2018 Hoover Firefighter of the Year.
Photo courtesy of Rusty Lowe
Rusty Lowe
Retired Hoover fire Capt. Rusty Lowe is the 2018 Hoover Paramedic of the Year.
Photo courtesy of Melanie Posey/
Willie Young Nick Derzis
Hoover police Chief Nick Derzis, at left, presents Willie Young with the 2018 Detention Officer of the Year award at the Hoover Area Chamber of Commerce luncheon at the Hoover Country Club in Hoover, Alabama, on Thursday, March 21, 2019.
Photo courtesy of Melanie Posey/city of Hoover
Willie Young head shot
Willie Young is the 2018 Hoover Detention Officer of the Year.
Amy Appleton Linda Moore
Amy Appleton, an emergency communications supervisor for the Hoover 911 Center, at right is Hoover's 2018 911 Operator of the Year. She was presented the award by Linda Moore, who heads up the Hoover 911 Center.
The Hoover Area Chamber of Commerce on Thursday, March 21, 2019 presented its 2018 Hoover public safety awards. Shown here are, from left, Mayor Frank Brocato, 911 Operator of the Year Amy Appleton, Hoover 911 Center Director Linda Moore and Hoover Area Chamber of Commerce President Terry Turner.
Amy Appleton
Amy Appleton, an emergency communications supervisor for the Hoover 911 Center, at right is Hoover's 2018 911 Operator of the Year.
The Hoover Area Chamber of Commerce today honored the 2018 Hoover public safety workers of the year.
Detective Brandon Harris was named the 2018 Hoover Police Officer of the Year, while Stephen Finlen was named the Firefighter of the Year and retired Capt. Rusty Lowe was named Paramedic of the Year.
Additionally, Willie Young was honored as the 2018 Detention Officer of the Year, and Amy Appleton was chosen as the 911 Operator of the Year.
POLICE OFFICER OF THE YEAR
The Hoover Police Department chose Harris as its Officer of the Year because of his handling of a sexual abuse case involving a Hoover teenage boy and a youth evangelist.
In March of last year, the Police Department received a report that a teenager was the possible victim of sexual abuse by Paul Edward Acton Bowen, a youth evangelist who had been a co-host of a popular show on a youth-oriented Christian television network owned by the Trinity Broadcasting Network.
Harris, a member of the department’s special victims unit, was assigned as the lead detective on the case. He arranged interviews, gathered evidence and built a case against Bowen, who in April of 2018 was arrested on charges of sexual abuse, sodomy and enticing a child for immoral purposes.
As the investigation unfolded, evidence indicated Bowen had been involved in sexual relationships with teenagers in other jurisdictions, and Bowen is now facing similar charges involving a total of seven victims, Hoover police Chief Nick Derzis said. He is in jail, awaiting trial, with bonds totaling $2.5 million, Derzis said.
“Cases involving the sexual exploitation of children are some of the most difficult to investigate because they involve crimes the human conscience struggles to comprehend,” Derzis said.
“Harris exhibited an extraordinary amount of compassion, patience and determination as he went through the difficult process of investigating this case,” the chief said. “While the victims will have a lengthy recovery ahead, they can begin the healing process thanks to the work of Detective Brandon Harris and the team of investigators who sought justice for them.”
Two other Hoover police officers were named finalists for 2018 Police Officer of the Year: Cyle Cutcliff and Chad Logan.
Cutcliff was honored for identifying the supplier of a man who died of a heroin overdose and building a case against the drug dealer, who was sentenced to more than 24 years in federal prison, Derzis said.
Logan was honored for his work in finding and capturing a man who was charged with attempted murder and robbery in connection with the robbery of the Citgo gasoline station at 3551 Lorna Road on Dec. 7. He spotted the suspect’s vehicle turning into an apartment complex off John Hawkins Parkway and, when the suspect ran away from his vehicle after crashing into another vehicle, Logan helped set up a perimeter and again found the man, Derzis said.
FIREFIGHTER OF THE YEAR
Finlen was chosen as Firefighter of the Year not so much for one act of bravery or heroism, but for having good moral character, a strong work ethic and being a good role model, fire Chief Clay Bentley said.
Finlen has been with the Hoover Fire Department since February 2014 and currently works at Station No. 8 in Greystone.
In addition to his regular duties as a firefighter and paramedic, Finlen took on the responsibility of overseeing the maintenance and repair of the department’s self-contained breathing apparatuses, the air tanks and masks that help firefighters operate in smoky environments. The equipment includes small computers, so keeping them maintained is complicated and technical, Bentley said.
There are more than 60 of these across the city, and Finlen, with no extra pay, has attended certification classes to be able to repair them himself, saving the department thousands of dollars, Bentley said.
“He does that with extreme confidence and professionalism,” the chief said. “Our people wear this equipment every day, knowing it is kept in top order, and they wear it with confidence.”
Finlen also was recognized for helping save the life of a man who had suffered a cardiac arrest in the back of a tractor trailer in February.
PARAMEDIC OF THE YEAR
Lowe spent 30 years with the Hoover Fire Department and 37 years total as a firefighter before retiring on Sept. 1 as the department’s public information officer and emergency medical services officer.
His responsibilities included training all the emergency medical personnel, and he also taught paramedics more than 20 years at Jefferson State Community College. He is a tremendous leader and a great role model, Bentley said.
He has saved countless lives over his career but in 2018 was instrumental in helping save the life Hoover police Sgt. Brian Foreman, who went into cardiac arrest while working at the SEC Baseball Tournament in May.
Foreman was in his vehicle when it happened and was able to put out a distress call, but no one knew where he was initially. Lowe arrived to find police officers breaking into Foreman’s vehicle, and he began CPR on Foreman, who was unconscious, until someone else brought an automated external defibrillator.
Foreman went into cardiac arrest multiple times on the way to the UAB Medical West freestanding emergency room off John Hawkins Parkway and eventually went to Grandview Medical Center on U.S. 280 for further treatment. He is now back at work with no permanent cardiac damage, thanks to the work of Lowe and others to save him, Bentley said.
DETENTION OFFICER OF THE YEAR
Young was recognized for helping prevent a possible suicide attempt in the Hoover Jail in June. Inmates are given razors twice a week for a brief time so they can shave, and when Young and another officer were collecting the razors, one inmate said he accidentally flushed his razor blade down the toilet, Derzis said.
Young was suspicious of that claim and pulled two inmates aside to search them. As another officer was searching one inmate, Young noticed the other inmate pull a razor blade from his sock and place it on the floor, Derzis said. The inmate later indicated he planned to cut himself because he had just learned his mother had been diagnosed with cancer and was told she did not have much time to live, Derzis said.
Then in January of this year, Young noticed four inmates huddled suspiciously inside a cell for an extended period of time. The inmates were pulled out and separated, and the cell was searched. Officers found two AA batteries that had been removed from a TV remote control.
Derzis said inmates sometimes put batteries together with a razor blade to create a heat source to light up contraband that sometimes works its way into the jail, so Young successfully prevented that from happening.
911 OPERATOR OF THE YEAR
Appleton was selected as 911 Operator of the Year for her handling of the shootings at the Riverchase Galleria on Thanksgiving night.
She is an emergency communications supervisor and was training a new employee on the dispatch equipment that night when the call came in about shots fired at the Galleria and a person being down, said Linda Moore, who oversees the Hoover 911 Center.
Due to the seriousness of the situation, she immediately stopped the training and took over handling the police radio channel, Moore said. She quickly gathered details from officers on the scene, dispatched medics and maintained control of the radio and was the primary point of contact until the event ended, Moore said.
“Supervisor Appleton was a vital link in the public safety chain that ensured the safety of our police officer and firefighters and citizens of Hoover,” Moore said. “She is a great example of an extraordinary emergency communications officer who rose to the challenge under the intense, stressful circumstances of the incident to get the job done and to ensure the safety of our police officers and fire personnel and as well, again, our citizens.”
Turner Batson Architects and the Hendrick Hoover Auto Mall sponsored the chamber luncheon, as well as lunch and gifts for the award winners.
Police Officer of the Year Rusty Lowe Detention Officer of the Year Hoover Fire Department Chad Logan Paramedic of the Year 2018 Police Officer of the Year Amy Appleton 911 Operator of the Year Firefighter of the Year 2018 Firefighter of the Year 2018 911 Operator of the Year 2018 Paramedic of the Year Brandon Harris Hoover Area Chamber of Commerce Stephen Finlen 2018 Detention Officer of the Year Willie Young Cyle Cutcliff Hoover Police Department Hoover police
Get Hoover news delivered directly to your inbox each morning M-F by signing up for our newsletter here. Also follow us on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram.
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Europe / Italy / Tuscany
Hosted Villas
Vail Villa Rentals
Set within Colorado’s White River National Forest, sitting at the base of Vail Mountain, the popular alpine town of Vail is known for its winter adventures. Named “the king of American ski resorts” by Forbes, the town is home of the massive Vail Ski Resort, a mecca for skiers and snowboarders worldwide. But this town offers so much more than just its slopes – it is also a summertime destination for golfing and hiking; it is popular for fly fishing and offers a wide array of restaurants and bars sure to delight.
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https://hostedvillas.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/vail-skiing-1.jpgSkiingWith 31 lifts and more than 5,000 acres of skiing sprawling across a single mountain, rather than a range, Vail is huge. While it is known for its super tough tracks, it caters to all levels of skiers and makes a great getaway for the whole family.
https://hostedvillas.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/vail-golf.jpgGolfingOffering more than a dozen golf courses in the region, hitting the greens is a popular pastime for many visitors. While you’re there, check out the view! At the semi-private Sonnenalp Club the course enjoys dramatic views of Vail Valley and beyond.
https://hostedvillas.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/vail-brewery.jpgDining OutNothing quite like a good meal after a day on the slopes or on the greens. Vail offers plenty of restaurants to choose from, from comfy and casual to super chic. You can also take a guided, walking food tour if you can’t decide.
https://hostedvillas.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/vail-brewery-2.jpgBreweries & DistilleriesVail is home to a number of great mountain bars, breweries and distilleries. For a casual drink with the locals, hit up 10th Mountain Whiskey and Spirit Company for a tour and a tasting. Located right in downtown Vail.
https://hostedvillas.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/vail-festivals.jpgFestivalsDuring the summer months, Vail holds a variety of festivals that fill the streets with music, dance and food. Every spring, the town plays host to the popular Vail Film Festival, complete with premieres, panels and parties.
https://hostedvillas.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/vail-farmers-market.jpgThe Vail Farmers MarketWith over 135 tents for 17 Sundays of the summer, this farmers market offers fun and entertainment for everyone. Stroll along East Meadow Drive while testing tasty treats from Colorado. The markets begins on Father’s Day and run through to October.
Vail For Kids
Gondola Ride
Leave your car at the villa and hop aboard the Eagle Bahn Gondola for a scenic ride up the mountain and a panorama of Vail Valley. At the top, take time to take in that view!
Epic Discovery Park
When the slopes shut down, Vail Mountain transforms into an adventure park, offering an alpine roller coaster, ropes courses, kids rides, warm-weather tubing and ziplines, including a 4-hour zipline tour around the mountains.
Bikes are readily available for rental in Vail, including trailers and Strider bikes for the youngest ones in the family. Grab a picnic and explore along the river or Donovan Park to the west of Vail.
Black Family Ice Rink
Take a break from the slopes for a glide around the rink. This Beaver Creek ice rink is open from 10am to 9pm in the winter and features an outdoor café for those mandatory hot chocolate breaks.
Nature Discovery Center
Located at the top of the Eagle Bahn Gondola, kids can explore an array of natural history exhibits about local wildlife such as ravens, weasels, lynx and black bears. Nature hikes and snowshoe tours are also offered.
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The quintessential image of a group of friends and family enjoying fabulous food, against a backdrop of a roaring log fire, sharing the highlights of their awesome runs of the day, perfectly depicts our ski villa experiences. Families, small or large groups we have something for everyone - the experience is everything.
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It is difficult to explain to the non-golfer the pull of the game, the personal challenge of you versus the course, the ‘aaaargh’ and ‘YEAH!’ moments, but we get it. We have established a portfolio of villas that cater to the avid golfer and provide a challenge to all levels of aspiring 'Tigers'.
Kite-boarding in Antigua, cycling in the Alps, wakeboarding in Mexico, or a more sedate paddle down the Dordogne, our villas are perfectly located and our hosts can make it happen. Novice or expert – let's do this!
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With four ski mountains making up the terrain for the world-renowned Aspen Snowmass resort, Aspen, Colorado lives up to its winter reputation. With beautiful scenery and wide open spaces, there is plenty of room for everyone and every type of adventure.
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Where supernatural beauty meets high-octane fun, Whistler is one of the world’s most popular ski areas for good reason: it offers fun for everyone. Whether it’s careening down the mountains or discovering scenic trails, this place has you covered.
With hundreds of options for outdoor fun, Mont-Tremblant is a popular year-round playground in Quebec. With hundreds of kilometres of trails for cross-country skiing, alpine touring, dog-sledding and much more, it is a fantastic choice for your next escape.
Villas in Vail
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The Americas / United States / Colorado / Vail645 Forest Road
Per Night From US $1,239
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With easy access to skiing and hiking or dining and shopping, this five bedroom beautifully appointed villa has it all for the perfect mountain vacation.
The Americas / United States / Colorado / Vail616 Forest Road West
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HARRY PATERSON
MUSIC, POLITICS, CULTURE, LIFE… AND SHEER BLOODY-MINDED INTRANSIGENCE
GE2017: This Septic Isle
June 2, 2017 Politics & Current AffairsHarry Paterson
Truly, there is a sickness at large in this increasingly benighted nation; a degeneration of humanity; a cancer of the soul.
That anyone would choose the next Prime Minister based on who would vaporise the most children and destroy the only planet we’ve got, is beyond obscene.
They aren’t content, these unconscionable ghouls, to steal the food from our children’s mouths; it isn’t enough to saddle them with £50,000 of debt for the cheek of pursuing education; it isn’t even enough for these demented medieval bastards that our mentally ill and physically disabled are bullied into poverty and then hounded to early deaths. Nor that they can laugh and sneer at children drowning in the sea and gleefully rip apart foxes in the name of ‘sport.’
No. It still isn’t enough. We have to bait a potential Prime Minister to commit to nuclear Armageddon. His fitness for office cannot be judged by his compassion. Only by his lust for blood; by his desire to destroy humanity; his eagerness to wipe earth from existence.
These people, and those who vote for them, are a threat to you, your children and your children’s children.
Sack the Tories on 8th June.
Say No to the Poppy
November 4, 2016 Politics & Current AffairsPolitics & Current Affairs, Poppy, Remembrance, Soldiers, WarHarry Paterson
The tedius annual poppy hysteria shows no signs of abating. My own position has been expressed perhaps less clearly (yes, really) than I’d have liked. Given that, for me, the poppy is about much more than some would have us believe, I’m taking the opportunity to address some of the many objections fired my way, recently. So, without further ado, buckle up…
“You insult our brave forces who have consistently fought for freedom”
I am genuinely baffled at the general view that soldiers – at least ‘our boys’ not those nasty foreign ones – somehow represent freedom, democracy and decency. They absolutely don’t.
WW1 was an imperial bloodbath. An orgy of death regarding markets and territory. Whole generations of working-class conscripts fired out of trenches like so much human confetti. It was futile and every dead soldier was a wasted life. Their deaths meant nothing, achieved nothing and changed nothing. How heart-breakingly dreadful is that?
Sometimes, like WW2, they find themselves on the side of moral virtue. But that’s an accident of history. Soldiers are first, last and always there to protect, defend and consolidate the state and the establishment’s privilege and power.
Soldiers chasing down striking miners in Tonypandy, tanks rolling into George Square in Glasgow or bludgeoning trade unionists during the General Strike, to give just three examples, show exactly where our standing army ends up when freedom really does become an issue. They’ll turn on their own at the twitch of an officer’s eyebrow because that’s their job. And let’s not bother discussing the Six Counties, Aden, Cyprus or any of the former Colonies who actually did dare to fight for freedom. Their own. Free from British subjugation. We all know how they were treated…
As for Iraq, Afghanistan, Libya and Syria, only the cerebrally challenged would seriously posit that these grubby ‘interventions’ were even within touching distance of freedom or democracy.
Instead, every (comparative) freedom we enjoy today, women having the vote, political protest, joining a trade union and much, much more, were all won by working class men and women facing down the army. In reality, soldiers’ default setting is to be the enemy of freedom; at home and abroad.
“They’re just doing their job and you don’t get to pick and choose which orders you obey”
Conscription ended in the UK in 1960. Thereafter, anyone who died while killing Irish civilians in Derry, teenage Argentinean conscripts in the South Atlantic or Iraqi wedding guests in Basra did so as a result of a free and conscious choice. I will not be bullied or emotionally blackmailed into supporting such people or mourning their passing. And if you really want to talk about insulting the dead, you expect me to draw equivalence between the terrified, conscripted kids butchered in the Somme; the heroic men and women of WW2 who fought fascism and really did defend Britain and today’s squaddies ?Who choose, consciously and deliberately, to join up, invade other peoples’ countries and kill Arabs on behalf of the Brit state? Now that’s insulting.
“You lefty scum don’t know anything. The poppy is remembrance for the people not the politics.”
Rubbish. It isn’t solely about remembrance or respect anymore. Or have you folks, somehow, failed to notice the fetishisation of the military, over recent years? The attempts to cultivate and then co-opt the hideous mawkishness surrounding ‘our boys’? The poppy cult is a powerful plank in the establishment’s propaganda arsenal and like so much of their class offensive, is about the here and now and the future; not the past.
Linking the revolting slaughter of millions of wasted, pointless deaths during WW1 to the UK’s post-imperial adventures today – in Iraq, Afghanistan, Syria – is an attempt to confer legitimacy on the latter. It’s disgusting, frankly. Cynical and inhumane.
It’s about as subtle as a punch in the face. It’s screamingly apparent that it’s a thinly-veiled disguise to justify and glorify war. Fostered by the establishment who stand to profit from the lives squandered by those who have to fight them.
We continue to glorify and sentimentalise imperial slaughter so yet more young men and women will be willing to get their legs blown off. Along with lots of brown people, of course. Who I added as an afterthought to keep this piece in line with Brit liberal values.
I want to see an end to this sick and grotesque cult of soldier worship, of which the poppy is now a central plank. It’s macabre, dangerous and hideous.
They tell you the poppy isn’t celebrating war. That it’s just a symbol of family, friends and comrades remembering those who did not come home. Try being a TV presenter and not wearing one, then. The poor bastards get virtually lynched. Try being James McLean.
No, the poppy, these days, is a kind of patriot litmus-test. A barometer of how staunchly one stands behind the troops. I mean, don’t take my word for it; the British Legion are telling you! Christ, how much clearer does that image need to be? An official British Legion PR photo with a child holding a giant poppy while wearing a t-shirt that reads ‘future soldier.’
Grotesque.
Immoral.
Obscene.
Orgreave: “The fact is that it was a set-up and it worked brilliantly.”
November 1, 2016 Politics & Current AffairsMiners' Strike, Orgreave, Politics & Current Affairs, South Yorkshire PoliceHarry Paterson
The Tories can whitewash and cover up with all the energy they can muster but the fight goes on. Please support the Orgreave Truth and Justice Campaign http://otjc.org.uk/
Here’s an excerpt from my book Look Back in Anger; the Miners’ Strike in Nottingham, published by Five Leaves 2014.
In a dispute filled with violence, the final showdown at Orgreave produced the most appalling scenes thus far. Even thirty years later, the footage has the power to shock. Pickets in trainers and t-shirts, some entirely shirtless on that beautiful summer’s day, were mercilessly battered by police officers in full riot-gear, flailing away indiscriminately with truncheons, while mounted officers charged fleeing bands of men, desperate to escape. On the miners’ side, barricades were erected and bricks and stones were hurled into the mêlée. A car from a nearby scrap-yard was dragged into the middle of the road and set alight and police pursued the miners into the nearby village, through gardens and houses, hammering down all they caught.
The numbers were formidable. Accounts vary but around 8000 pickets to 9,000 police is a generally accepted figure. The police deployed around sixty mounted officers, sixty attack-dogs and several thousand officers with short-shield riot-gear and the remainder sporting long-shield issue.
There remains little doubt that the violence meted out to the miners was pre-planned, deliberate and sanctioned at the highest level of the South Yorkshire force. Miners, en route to the plant, were amazed to see signs directing them to convenient car parks, smiling officers helpfully pointing the way and guiding them in with no attempts whatsoever to dissuade or turn back the thousands of pickets who had heeded Scargill’s call. Such behaviour stood in contrast to the manner in which all police forces had handled flying pickets up to that point.
For the Nottinghamshire miners, their experiences confirmed suspicions that ‘The Battle of Orgreave’ was a set-up orchestrated by the police. Years later, in a 1993 interview, Thatcher’s adviser and strike fixer David Hart would confirm that view: “The coke was of no interest whatsoever. We didn’t need it. It was a set-up by us on a battle ground of our choosing . The fact is that it was a set-up and it worked brilliantly.”
The fall-out from Orgreave was considerable although it would be many years before its full truth was revealed. TV viewers were treated to scenes of mobs of violent thugs hurling bricks and stones before embattled mounted police moved in to disperse the offenders. Only it wasn’t like that at all. As Red Pepper reported, nearly thirty years after the event, “When broadcasting footage of Orgreave, the BBC, incredibly, transposed the sequence of events, making it appear that police cavalry charges had been a defensive response to antagonism by stone-throwing pickets rather than an act of aggression. Only in 1991 did the BBC issue an apology for this, claiming that its action footage had been “inadvertently reversed.” The publicly-funded, ‘neutral’ state broadcaster had reversed footage which, in its original form, showed cowering pickets with nowhere to run, desperately fending off charging police with whatever they had to hand. Given the pre-digital era of 1984, with physical tape being used for filming, which required conscious human cutting, splicing and chopping for editing purposes, one can view the BBC’s claims of the footage being “inadvertently reversed” with a degree of contempt.
The South Yorkshire Police didn’t stop at merely bludgeoning defenceless men, either. Ninety five pickets were arrested and charged with a number of offences. The most serious being charges of rioting and affray which carried sentences of upwards of ten years. In 1987 the trials soon collapsed in a welter of conflicting police evidence, fabricated statements and embarrassing inconsistencies. Although described by renowned QC, Michael Mansfield, as “the biggest frame-up ever,” no officers were ever investigated or charged. This was despite South Yorkshire Police being forced to hand over nearly half-a-million pounds in compensation to thirty nine of the arrested pickets and incurring costs of over £100,000.
In light of the Hillsborough cover-up, it’s possible that an independent enquiry into Orgreave might yet bring further humiliation to a force that was institutionally corrupt. The Orgreave Truth and Justice Campaign, Justice for Mineworkers and other organisations continue to press the case.
LabSpeak – A Guide To The Language of The Labour Right
September 26, 2016 Politics & Current AffairsCorbyn, Labour, Moderates, Politics & Current Affairs, SocialismHarry Paterson
1. ‘Sieze control’ – overwhelmingly win an election fair and square in the face of gerrymandering, rigging and cheating
2. ‘Hard left – traditional left-leaning social democrats who think the market might not always be correct
3. ‘Anti-Semitism’ – criticism of Israel
4. ‘Anti-Semitic abuse’ – being correctly identified at a press conference as someone who has briefed right-wing media against your party’s leader
5. ‘Bullying’ – expressing unhappiness/disagreement with a Member of Parliament
6. ‘Trot’ – a supporter of Jeremy Corbyn. See also ‘Nazi Stormtrooper’ Rabble’ and ‘thugs’
7. ‘Misogyny’ – labelling a female Tory MP responsible for the deaths of disabled people a ‘stain on humanity.’ And/or whatever Yvette Cooper wants to invent at any given moment
8. ‘Unity’ – The desired state of their party for many right-wing Labour MPs. To be achieved by the annihilation of Corbyn supporters, a contempt for natural justice and the witch-hunting and expulsion of those on the left
9. ‘Intimidation’ – local party members discussing the replacement of their MP or prospective parliamentary candidate, via the rule-book in a democratic and properly-constituted manner, in favour of one who reflects the majority view
10. ‘Homophobic abuse’ – derogatory remarks about a female MP’s sexuality that were never said at a meeting she never attended
11. ‘Unelectable’ – used to describe someone who has presided over four mayoral wins, a string of by-election victories and two leadership elections in a year. The second of which returned an even greater majority than the first. Oh, and also attracting hundreds of thousands to your party making it the biggest social democratic party in Western Europe
12. ‘My office window’ – not a Labour MP’s office window
13. ‘Coming together to fight the Tories’ – writing in the Telegraph and demanding a Tory government, a Tory government, “crushes” a trade union
14. ‘Incompetent’ – remaining in post with increased support following an embarrassingly botched palace coup and a laughably bungled rigged election
15. ‘Moderates’ – MPs who hate the working class, trade unions and the Party membership
July 10, 2016 Politics & Current AffairsEagle, Feminism, Leadsom, May, Politics & Current AffairsHarry Paterson
I don’t usually like attacking those who are into ‘intersectional’ or ‘identity’ politics.
In much the same way that new atheists are often simply providing a cover for Islamophobia and Western intervention, anti-intersectionalists are frequently looking for a left cover to justify their sexism and reaction.
Thus, the question of women in politics continues to generate some appalling nonsense. Exhibit A: last year’s Labour leadership contest.
The issue of working class women being excluded from politics isn’t what concerns Suzanne Moore here. It’s the exclusion of women. Period. Irrespective of how fundamentally anti-women their politics actually are.
This sort of thinking reaches its nadir with truly reality-shunning rubbish of the type spouted by Daisy Benson here. Where she actually writes “the only truly progressive thing for Labour to do would be to elect a female leader this time around – no matter what her policies are.”
That isn’t feminism. That’s insanity. It means we should’ve voted for Thatcher. Because she had a vagina.
It’s whining, middle-class entitlement which will do nothing for working class women. Except to ensure their continued exclusion because they aren’t the right type of women. Single mums from council estates, women working three minimum-wage jobs, unemployed women; these are not the women with which the Moores and Bensons of this world are concerned.
Labour had two men and two women contesting the leadership. Kendal and Cooper’s politics were dreadful; austerity-lite policies which would have done zero for emancipating working-class women. It’s a shuddering irony that the candidate best representing women – Jeremy Corbyn – was a white, middle-class man but hey; them’s the breaks.
The answer wasn’t and isn’t to ditch Corbyn and choose Kendal or Cooper; the onus is on Cooper and Kendal to dump their reactionary politics and start really representing women; not just privileged, middle-class, white ones.
Exhibit B, in terms of spectacle, surpasses even the aforementioned. The Tory Party leadership election also features two women. Theresa May and Andrea Leadsom. The nasty party is, obviously, the most fundamentally patriarchal formation in mainstream British politics. ‘Family values’ and ‘traditional’ mores are the Tories’ home turf. Disgusting, however, doesn’t even come close to accurately describing one woman trash-talking her ‘sister’ because one womb is less functional than another.
Austerity impacts harder on women than almost any other group in modern Britain. ‘Feminism’ of the type supported by either May or Leadsom – and even Angela Eagle, too, for that matter – is the feminism that enslaves. It is feminism concerned only with allowing women access to the machinery of exploitation, alongside men. More women CEOs, greater numbers of female directors and women party leaders will benefit working-class women in no way at all.
As always, the choice is about one type of politics or another; theirs or ours. Their feminism – the opportunity to exploit, disadvantage and disenfranchise – or ours; feminism that enables, liberates and emancipates.
Chilcot etc
July 6, 2016 Politics & Current AffairsBlair, Chilcot, Iraq, Politics & Current AffairsHarry Paterson
Before proffering any comment on Chilcott, I’m mindful of David Osler’s typically dry observation of earlier today: “Prepare for a deluge of a 140-character opinions about a two million-word document nobody has read.” Well, quite.
That said I did have the pleasure of driving across England at 11.00am this morning, which afforded me the opportunity of hearing Sir John’s précis. The facts, as he saw them, which require no recounting here, were as expected.
For me, however, Chilcott’s seven-year 2.6 million-word magnum opus served merely as the hors d’oeuvre. It was Tony Blair’s response to the report that gripped me. That unnerving, not-quite-entirely fake, humility married to a truly chilling Messianic hubris, has made for compelling political theatre, over the years. Today’s events were his equal, though. As history met the man who will not yield to its cold reality, the result was grotesquely mesmerising.
With voice audibly breaking, the former Prime Minister simultaneously accepted all responsibility for “mistakes” while giving not an inch on the substantive matter; the morality, the legitimacy, the legality of going to war in Iraq.
Nor did he accept that those events have led to today’s. Politics, like nature, abhors a vacuum, so what of the destabilising of a sovereign state? What said Blair about the bloodied recasting of Iraq as a 3D representation of Bruegel’s Massacre of the Innocents?
Unless we could say with certainty that things would not have been any better had the war not occurred, then “…you are a commentator; not a decision-maker” was his belief-defying defence.
Listening to him in his trademark unleaded and fully unleashed Man of Destiny mode, on today of all days, was sickening, yes, but…
… he’s both merely a symptom and only a product of the forces that drive us, isn’t he? Humanity is, undoubtedly, seated firmly in the antechamber of annihilation and it’s taken many Tony Blairs to get us here. So what about the next one? And the one after? And, if we’re still here, the one after that?
But such a question is facile. It’s the Great Man of History theory; reducing the seismic events that shape the future and rewrite the past to the whims of the Great Ones; with humanity cast in the role of hapless observers. Only history doesn’t work that way.
Other questions occurred as I drove along quiet English lanes. The media’s framing of deceased Brit soldiers, for example. The curious Hillsborough-isation of their deaths; the references to ‘The Families.’ As though there is a comparison to be made between ninety-six working-class football fans who might reasonably have expected – no, demanded – that they live and professional soldiers for whom death is, quite literally, an occupational hazard. Would that a million dead civilians, even brown ones, command such rage.
I’m given to understand that the lack of adequate equipment for military personnel is a source of anger for ‘The Families.’ Also, the possible illegality of the conflict itself (a bizarre thought with which to grapple. Had the war been legal, then, the resulting massacre of innocent civilians would, presumably, have been acceptable). Perhaps, then, we may see a grassroots movement spring up, dedicated to creating a system of checks and balances? Surely only a matter of time before The S*N launches its JFT179 campaign? Some mechanism designed to prevent soldiers dying in such circumstances again? I don’t know, maybe a trade union for the armed forces, say…
Something which, I’d humbly suggest, is far less outrageous than a nation that actually has the possible deportation of immigrants occupying mainstream discourse.
I’ve never felt less equipped than I do now – battered and assailed by history, on an almost daily basis, as we are – to address such questions. And what monumental arrogance consumes me that I should even consider such things to be my concern anyway?
Only that they are the concern of us all.
July 5, 2016 Politics & Current AffairsCorbyn, Labour, Momentum, Politics & Current AffairsHarry Paterson
There’s plenty of justifiable criticism to be made of Corbyn, from those of us to his left, and most of it in terms of his actual politics, rather than the manufactured trash regarding his appearance, style and lack of ‘leadership qualities.’
Almost every back-stabber and turncoat (waves at Owen Jones) – as well as his outright enemies – has praised Corbyn as a man of principle and integrity; while bemoaning his lack of leadership abilities. What exactly, one can only wonder, do you consider leadership qualities to be, if not principle and integrity?
Again, I could spend a week criticising Jezza’s politics and not run out of things to say but when I hear “ah but he just couldn’t win a general election; he just isn’t a leader” well, that tells me absolutely nothing about him and everything about you.
It tells me that you’re an unthinking swallower of the media consensus; that a slick suit and superficial charm are what you think makes a leader; that you are happy to let your political enemies tell you what and how your leader should be.
You whine and you moan about spivs, con-men and liars; remote, privileged toffs who know nothing of us; who care nothing about how we live and how we die. You turn from your TV in disgust at the fiddling, the corruption and the sheer unmitigated self-interest and greed. You yearn for an honest man. You pray for a champion who will restore your party to its former proletarian glory. You want socialism! Or say you do. And then comes Corbyn…
A man whose cumulative parliamentary expenses for the last hundred years amount to fifty pence, a Refresher and a packet of fucking crisps. A man who lives in a normal house, on a normal street, and whose front garden gives an alibi to working class men all over the country: “It’ll be all right for another week, love. I mean, you seen Jezza’s?”
You’ve finally got your champion; you’ve got a leader who understands your life, lives your life and even looks like the kindly teacher we all had. And yet you moan because he dresses like a normal geezer. You bitch because he doesn’t wear a tie. You take the piss out of his allotment and you sneer at his bike.
Because the media do.
Because the established political class do.
And you swallow it.
You’re too stupid, you’re too blinded by establishment propaganda to recognise normal when it passes you on the street! This is your ordinary bloke – not in it for himself – that you always claimed you wanted. But you complain because he doesn’t dress, speak and act like those you claimed to despise. You fool.
And now they’re doing him in. They’re queuing up like a bunch of prison rapists in the showers – but with less integrity – to stick in the blade. When the posh boys, along with their establishment and traitors in the Parliamentary Labour Party, line up to shank the guy in the exercise yard, while the guards are locking the gates and the governor is urging them on, isn’t it just a basic expression of class solidarity, of decency, to join the prison riot?
His own MPs – the careerist chancers you were bitching about just last week – are now, suddenly, an infallible barometer of the electoral mood? Fuck you. You’ve bottled it. A shiver scuttled around Corbyn’s ‘friends’ looking for a spine to run down, eh?
And what did you expect anyway? A socialist of some sort finally leads the Labour Party and you thought, what? That The S*n would scatter rose petals down his garden path? That he and Dave would chuckle amiably together as they exchanged matey bantz across the dispatch box? That it’d be easy?
Let me tell you, in all seriousness, as someone who knows more than a little about conflict – when they come for you like this, when they hate you like this, you’re doing something right.
It isn’t people like Corbyn who lose Labour elections; it’s people like you.
Now, grow a pair and fight for Corbyn; because he’s spent his entire career fighting for you.
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WhatsApp moves against fake news, to limit message sharing
By Adeyemi Adepetun
Messaging app flaim re-launches in Nigeria
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WhatsApp. Photo: Firstpost
Social media platform, WhatsApp has revealed plans to limit users from forwarding a message more than five times, in an attempt to stop abuse of the platform.
The crackdown is an attempt to stop the spread of hoaxes and false rumours that often begin on the app and can be propelled around the world quickly.
The company’s Vice-President for Policy and Communications, Victoria Grand, announced the policy at an event in Jakarta, Indonesia, yesterday.
“We’re imposing a limit of five messages all over the world as of today. The decision had been made to stop “misinformation and rumours,” Grand stated.
According to Statista, a statistics portal, as at October 2018, WhatsApp recorded 1.5 billion active users. In Nigeria, with over 110 million Internet users, Statista claimed WhatsApp has 41 per cent penetration rate in the country.
WhatsApp has run into particular problems as false stories fly around the app, being repeatedly shared within large groups. Because of the private nature of the platform, forwarded messages can quickly lose their context and change as they are passed on, an effect that has had deadly consequences.
What’s more, the app is end-to-end encrypted, meaning that even WhatsApp is unable to see the content of messages or shut down false rumours as they spread.
The five message limit is already in place in India, which has had a particular problem with false stories circulating on WhatsApp. It was introduced in Summer, amid a host of other changes intended to make WhatsApp a more reliable way of sharing information.
WhatsApp update brings brand new stickers and other features to app
“We believe that these changes – which we’ll continue to evaluate – will help keep WhatsApp the way it was designed to be: a private messaging app,” it said in a blog post announcing that earlier rollout.
Before the changes, users were able to forward a message to 20 people or groups at once. That meant they could theoretically be sent on to thousands of people in the press of just a couple of buttons.
The change will be added in a software update that is rolling out now. Facebook bought WhatsApp for $18 billion in 2014.
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Terminology, Guilty Crown
This page may contain spoilers.
The Void Genome
Void Genome (ヴォイドゲノム Voido Genomu) is a cylinder that bestows upon its user the power that is called by the name of Power of the King (王の力 Ō no Chikara) or sometimes The Ability of the King or King's Hand. The Void Genome is a genetic sequence which does take risk of using it; only people who have acceptable DNA can use it or else they will die as their body rejects it.
It was originally founded and named by the father of Shu Ouma, Kurosu Ouma. It was later cultivated by a genetics company called Sephirah Genomics, in which three samples were produced. It is unknown how Scrooge has Power of King as he possessed it before the Void Genome was founded by Kurosu. It could be the experiments that gave him the power.
According to statements made by both Shuichiro Keido and Kurosu Ouma, it was developed to be used as a biological weapon derived from the Apocalypse Virus as a way to control the virus, which is just the way the it was used through Guilty Crown series.
An animated example of Void Genome's powers being used by Shu Ouma.
Power of the King
Power of the King is an ability that stems from the Apocalypse Virus, which analyzes intron sequences in the human genome and draws out the power hidden within them by converting them into Voids. The users of the power are known as "Kings" or "the one(s) with throne or crown", etc. and things similar to that. When in use or being used, there is a mark that appears on the user's right/left hand, but it's rather unknown whether the power/mark can manifest on one's left hand (while both hands are intact) which it did so after Shu lost his right hand.
Shu's mark has a shape similar to a maple leave, but it's rather slender. The mark can represent the owner in someway as Gai's mark is same as Shu's mark (as it's stolen from Shu), but upside down. Yuu's mark is different from Shu and Gai's mark. It resembles a sun that is spreading its light. The power can be stolen from its user if his/her limb (where the mark appears on, usually right hand) is severed and binds itself to another individual who raises up his/her arm, as done by Gai Tsutsugami.
The power allow its user to use their "marked" hand with enhanced fighting skills as done by Shu twice, once with his right hand to hit and knock out Souta Tamadate, and once hits Yuu with his left hand, which send Yuu flying through walls, in Episode 21.
There are also the "Kings" that can use their powers on themselves to extract their own Voids, such as Shu, the first being Overdose. The power cannot be injected more than once to a person, but Shu was able to be injected by a second Void Genome successfully.
Known "Kings"
Spoiler Warning: Spoiler details follow.
Listed in order of times they have been seen in Guilty Crown series and their information related to the power. The hand(s) their marks appear on is the hand(s) to extract Voids:
King's Hand
King's Mark
Scrooge Unknown Right Experiments None None
Overdose Unknown Right Void Genome Unknown Unknown
Second Void Genome: Inactive
Third Void Genome: Inactive
Right; Second Void Genome
Left; Third Void Genome
Second Void Genome
Third Void Genome
Yuu Unknown Right First Void Genome Unavailable
Gai Tsutsugami Second Void Genome: Inactive Right Second Void Genome
Voids
Using the crystalization effects from the Apocalypse Virus, the user can draw out a person's Void; a person's inner psyche taking physical form. Different Voids can be extracted from different people and it is said that Void technology trespasses into the realm of the Gods. A Void's form and function reflects the person's fears and or complexes, in other words it's like the shape of their heart, or personality. Should a person change, their respective Void will change as well. It is revealed in episode 16, that if a person's Void is destroyed, it causes the person to crystalize and die in a similar fashion to the effects of the Apocalypse Virus.
During the events of "Guilty Crown: Lost Christmas", Scrooge pulled a Void from a dog that was accompanying him, but the dog was crystallized and died. The two remark that the dog itself must've contained some form of human DNA, as the Apocalypse Virus does not affect animals.
Void Genome Limitations
There are a few rules that apply to how The Power of Kings is used. They are:
Voids can only be extracted from people 17 years or younger. The reason for this is unknown at this time but it is suggested that a person's Void needs time to properly form. This is similar to saying how humans develop over time. Age part could be referring to its user's age, like Shu is 17 and can only extract Voids from the ones who are 17 or younger.
In Guilty Crown: Lost Christmas, Scrooge removed a Void from a dog indicating that he can pull a Void out of any living creature as long as they have human DNA.
The only way to extract a person's Void is to make the subject believe they are looking directly into their eyes, Shu, being afraid to look into someone's eyes, was able to work with that rule, with Inori's suggestion, by looking at the target's forehead.
When you withdraw a Void from someone, that person loses their memory of the time surrounding the event. The reason for this is due to the shock and trauma associated with the removal of one's Void. Later in the Guilty Crown, Shu can extract a Void from an individual while he/she retains consciousness and can even have that person wielding their own Void.
It is possible to combine two or more Void powers to create a new weapon, however it is unknown if this applies to any Void or specific types.
If the person is without their Void for an extended period, the possibility of death could occur.
If the person's Void is destroyed, then the person will crystallize and die in a manner identical to the effects of the Apocalypse Virus.
The Void Genome usually is directly bound to the user's right hand. If "king's hand" is severed from the body, then the Genome will leave the host and bind itself to another individual. However, it is interesting to note that Void Genome bounded to Shu's left hand after the loss of his right arm (the power).
If an individual overuses his/her Void, they will begin to suffer the crystallization effects of the Virus.
It is unclear, but it is said that a king's power can't be used on oneself. Still, this could be proved otherwise as Shu Ouma and Overdose have extract their own Voids.
List of Major Voids that have appeared so far
These are the most important Voids that have been shown throughout the show so far:
Description and Effect
Longsword Singer's Sword
Inori Yuzuriha (former)
Shu Ouma (current)
Mana Ouma (true form)
Defensive While it's length is not clear one can tell that it is very long, far passing Shu's or Gai's height. It can create disks that act as shields, or stepping stones. The blade is very sharp, able to easily cut Endlaves. And can create metallic strips that can be used as projectiles to slice objects. It acts as Shu's main weapon. When being used utilized by King's Heart, it appears black with green outlines/silhouette similar to it.
Gun Kaleidoscope Daryl Yan Shu Ouma Defensive It allows it's user to reflect any kind of attack.
Camera Blunt Key Souta Tamadate
Souta Tamadate
Supportive It allows the user to open locked doors and remove blocked passages such as a vault or a heavily reinforced door. When being used utilized by King's Heart, it appears black with green outlines/silhouette similar to it.
vases ? ? Shu Ouma Supportive ?
pliers ? ? Shu Ouma Supportive ?
refrigerators ? ? Shu Ouma Supportive ?
magic hat magician ? Shu Ouma Supportive ?
Large Shears Shears of Life Yahiro Samukawa
Yahiro Samukawa
Offensive It is a large pair of shears that are said to sever life, the reason for this is because deep down he thinks his ill brother burdens him. It can also be inserted into another to allow Shu to cut the threads with ease. When used against an Endlave, Apocalypse virus-like crystals emerged from the wound it cut. When being used utilized by King's Heart, it appears black with green outlines/silhouette similar to it.
Gun Murderer's Weight Kenji Kido Shu Ouma Supportive It shoots out a substance that has control over gravity, allowing anyone who is shot with it to float into the air.
Mini Flashlight Pessimist's Torch Argo Tsukishima
Argo Tsukishima
Supportive When used it shoots out a black light, that has the power similar to that of a Black Hole. It doesn't allow anything to escape from inside it, nor allow the individual to see anything but darkness, leaving the person trapped. It is "The Light that Brings Darkness".
Shield Shield of the Coward Arisa Kuhouin
Arisa Kuhouin
Defensive By using a ball to control it, it shields any kind of attack, no matter how powerful it is. It was even able to protect a whole cruise ship from a bunch of Dragoon Missiles. It is the "The coward's shield that armors the weak self inside."
Bandages Lovers Bandages Hare Menjou
Supportive By using this it can repair any damage on the body or other objects.
Rifle Leader's Rifle
Gai Tsutsugami (former)
Supportive This allows him to forcibly manifest voids in others and can also be used as a regular rifle.
Legs Paraplegic's Shoes Ayase Shinomiya
Ayase Shinomiya
Supportive This allows her to regain the use of her legs as well as the ability to move at high speeds and the ablity to fly which helps block attacks and trick opponents such as": They attack and come closer, then the places/objects they destroyed falls on them as seen in Episode 19, done by Shu Ouma. When being used utilized by King's Heart, it appears black with green outlines/silhouette similar to it.
Scanner Hacker's Interface (Hand Scanner in English dub) Tsugumi Tsugumi Supportive This allows the user to create a solid holographic image that can be remotely controlled.
Scouter Acquaintance's Sight Kanon Kusama
Kanon Kusama
Supportive It allows it's user to see very far away even through objects.
Scythe ? Miyabi Herikawa
Miyabi Herikawa
Offensive A scythe seen when Shu used it to threaten Argo Tsukishima into submission. Herikawa attempted to use it to kill Gai Tsutsugami, but the Scythe was destroyed by a bullet, leading to her death.
Boomerang ? ? Shu Ouma Offensive ?
Crossbow ? ?
Offensive A crossbow that gets destroyed by rubble during a fight, revealing that the destruction of the Void leads the the death of the user via crystallization.
knuckle-duster ? Hirohide Nanba
Hirohide Nanba
Offensive ?
clackers ? Takaomi Sudou
Takaomi Sudou
stun gun ? Ritsu Takarada
Ritsu Takarada
sword_gun_Bow and Arrow_Axe_hammer_Claymore_Lances_Chakrams_Knives Others all weapons's Voids Unknown everyone
Unknown everyone
Bow and Arrow ? Yuu Gai Tsutsugami Offensive
Supportive A large bow and arrow used by Gai. It fires arrows at high speed, that when hits the intended target, produces a series of metallic stripes that can bind an opponent.
King's Heart Shu Ouma Shu Ouma Supportive Using regaining king's power, Shu reveals his void to take shape of his missing arm. Shu's void acts similar to king's hand with the same ability to extract voids. It is able to assimilate the void of anyone he chooses, utilizing them to their full potential, capable of switching between Voids instantly. It also can combine Voids as revealed in Episode 21. However, there are a few drawbacks to this Void. The first drawback is that it also takes on any sort of harmful effects that might have plagued anyone whose Void he has drawn (i.e. Apocalypse Virus). The same drawback has also blinded Shu as seen in the epilogue. The second drawback is that if Shu dies with the stored Voids, so would the owners. Gai described the void as "gathers everything and assumes its weight," by carrying the weight of others: "Strength, weaknesses, light, darkness... Everything." After Gai's death, Shu regains the stolen king's power inside his void hand.
Whips ? ? Yuu Offensive Used by Yuu shortly before the Bladed Discs.
Bladed Discs ? ? Yuu Offensive Used by Yuu in the battle against Shu Ouma. They were thrown against a wall and destroyed.
sword ? ? Yuu Offensive ?
Violin ? Overdose
? It can create heavy sound to counterattack. It is the second to be extracted by their owners instead of someone else, the first one is King's Heart, which is the Void of Shu.
Boomerrang ? Doluudo Scrooge Offensive Pulled out of a dog in The Lost Christmas, this weapon allows the user to cut through any material.
Chain Sword ? Carol Scrooge Offensive
Defensive A giant sword with a chainsaw-like blade similar to Singer's Sword, this weapon allows the user to generate a shield surrounding the user and can also be used to destroy an Endlave. The shield however is weak against the crystals of the Apocalypse Virus.
Chalice ? Carol Scrooge ? ?
Cloak ? Carol Scrooge ? ?
Blaster ? Carol Scrooge ? ?
Rings ? Carol Scrooge ? ?
Sword ? Carol Scrooge ? Shares a lot of similarities with Singer's Sword, especially in appearance.
Combined Voids
Voids that are formed by combining 2 or more Voids. None of these Voids possess names.
Cannon Shu Ouma Offensive Created by Shu, by combining Kido's and Inori's Voids. A large cannon with enough power to destroy two Leucocyte satellites, in quick sucession with one blast.
Missile Gai Tsutsugami Offensive Created by Gai, by combining a Void set of balls, a stun gun, and a set of fists. A large missile used to destroy a stealth bomber. It can also produce energy shields strong enough to withstand a large number of bombs dropped on it. Ironically, this kind of Void would only be used once as using it also seems to destroying it, killing the people from whom the Voids were combined from.
Bow and Arrow Gai Tsutsugami Offensive Created by Gai, by combining The Coward's Shield, Murderer's Weight, and Yuu's Void. A large bow that shoots an arrow to the sky. The arrow then explodes and releases a rain of arrows over an extremely large area, which then covers the area with Apocalypse crystal formations. Gai was able to use this to nearly destroy an entire U.N fleet.
Twin-Barrel Cannon Yuu Offensive Created by Yuu, by combining dozens of the Daath's followers' Voids. A colossal double twin-barrel cannon-like construct, using the Voids and the crystalized bodies of those whose Voids were pulled out (killing them in the process). Yuu uses this to kill Shu, but ends up overpowered by the attack of Shu's combined Void destroying it and Yuu all together.
Tri-Blaster Shu Ouma Offensive Created by Shu, by combining the Voids stored in King's Heart. It takes the form of a wrist-mounted triangular construct around his right arm. It generates an expanding red-coloured energy ball that Shu used to overpower and destroy Yuu.
Importance of Voids
Voids are seen as manifestation of the soul through the crystallization effect of the Apocalypse virus. Voids are very powerful weapons, but however, using them has great risks. If a Void is destroyed, then the Void's carrier is killed by crystallization. Voids can be used to easily turn the tide of a normally unwinnable battle (see "Singer's Sword", "Kaleidoscope", and "Coward's Shield"), while others offer support to the team ("Lover's Bandages", "Blunt Key", and "Acquaintance's Sight").
Connection to the Apocalypse Virus
Voids are tied to the Virus as they are manifested through the normally deadly effect of crysallization. People in Stage 4 of the disease can in fact see people's Voids before they are revealed. Although, after people were cured when Shu Ouma absorbed the Apocalypse Virus in the world, all cystallization stopped and everyone became unaffected by the virus.
Endlaves.">
Retrieved from "https://guiltycrown.fandom.com/wiki/Void_Genome?oldid=11017"
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Illinois Considers Special Drivers’ Licenses for Undocumented Workers | Missouri & Illinois Immigration Attorney Jim Hacking
Illinois politicians are proposing a new piece of legislation that would grant driver’s licenses to undocumented workers living in Illinois. Currently, Washington state and New Mexico are the only states that allow undocumented workers to get licenses. With Illinois being one of the bigger states, if they adopt this piece of legislature, more states are likely to follow.
Supporters say it is about time for this law to be passed. By granting driver’s licenses to undocumented workers, it would be good for public safety because motorists would have to be tested for driving skills and they would also have to buy car insurance. Not only is this a positive step forward for immigrants, but it is for the general good of all society. “When you have a quarter of a million undocumented drivers on the road, it’s definitely a safety concern,” said Ron Holmes, spokesman for Illinois Senate President John Cullerton. Democrats are generally excited about the new law and say there is a good chance that it will pass in the near future.
With the re-election of President Obama, leaders from both parties are seriously discussing comprehensive immigration reform. With Republicans in agreement that changes must be made, this small change can spark a nationwide issuing of identification for immigrants. The Safety Coalition is backing the Democrats’ proposal and encourages people to obtain driver’s licenses because of the push for obtaining car insurance. In New Mexico, since 2003, “the rate of uninsured motorists fell from 33 percent to under 9 percent.” About 80,000 accidents in Illinois each year involve unlicensed, uninsured drivers. This amounts to over $660 million in damage. Immigrant drivers cost the system about $64 million just in damage claims. By making car insurance a priority, drivers will be held accountable for accidents that occur making it a safer situation for all drivers out on the road.
Critics of the law are worried that the driver’s licenses will be used for fraud. The new licenses would be “visually distinct” with purple backgrounds and words “not valid for identification” on the front. This way, the licenses could not be used for fake identification. The license would be unique to those who are not citizens. Whether or not this law will pass is something that will be determined shortly. However, with the new Missouri Senate Panel looking into passing legislation deemed more “immigrant-friendly” Missouri, some question if a similar law is in our near future. If you have questions regarding the immigration laws in Missouri, contact us at 314-961-8200 or visit our contact page here.
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Final Year & Most Refined 348 Model
VIN: ZFFRG43A9S0099257
Ferrari's first 2-Seat Spider since the Daytona
Original & Unmodified Example from Ferrari Club Member Ownership
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With only 19,875 original miles, the Ferrari is accompanied by ALL its original Owner's Manuals in leather folio, leather bound tool case, boot cover, Ferrari car cover (with stowage pouch) and matching seat covers. Additionally, a record binder of receipts from the original servicing invoices 2010-Present accompanies the sale, along with clean Carfax and AutoCheck reports. Widely regarded as Ferrari's last link between the Enzo Era and its modern counterparts, here is a very nicely presented, low mileage 348 Spider, fully equipped and available for worldwide inspection, purchase and delivery at a great price.
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Home › News & Media › Business News › Abanka Vipa Selected as Best Slovenian Bank
Abanka Vipa Selected as Best Slovenian Bank
Ljubljana, 03 December (STA) - Banking paper The Banker has selected Abanka Vipa as Slovenia's top bank for the second year in a row. Slovenia's third-largest bank was selected because of its good business results, technological advances and introduction of new products, Abanka said on Friday.
The Banker conferred awards for best banks in 149 countries and six regions in London on Thursday. It also picked the best bank in the world - the London based international bank Standard Chartered.
In line with its strategy, Abanka Vipa will focus on revenues from fees on banking transaction and credit card transactions in 2001, the press release adds.
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iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry
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Different harvest intensity and soil CO2 efflux in sessile oak coppice forests
Eva Darenova (1) , Matjaz Cater (2-3), Marian Pavelka (1)
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iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry, Volume 9, Issue 4, Pages 546-552 (2016)
doi: https://doi.org/10.3832/ifor1773-009
Published: Mar 25, 2016 - Copyright © 2016 SISEF
Collection/Special Issue: IUFRO division 8.02 - Mendel University Brno (Czech Republic) 2015
Coppice forests: past, present and future
Guest Editors: Tomas Vrska, Renzo Motta, Alex Mosseler
Images & Tables
Soil CO2 efflux accounts for about 45-80% of total ecosystem respiration and is therefore an important part of the ecosystem carbon cycle. Soil CO2 efflux has been poorly studied in forests managed in the ancient coppicing manner. In our study, soil CO2 efflux, temperature, and moisture were measured in sessile oak stands with different harvesting intensity (control: 0% intensity; V1: 75%; V2: 80 %; V3: 85%; and V4: 100%) during the fifth and sixth years after harvesting. Soil CO2 efflux was in the range 2-8 µmol CO2 m-2 s-1 and indicated an increasing pattern with increasing harvesting intensity. The slope of that pattern became less steep from the fifth to the sixth year after harvesting, thus indicating gradual recovery of soil carbon dynamics in the coppiced stand toward the equilibrium state existing before harvesting. Temperature sensitivity of soil CO2 efflux ranged between 2.1 and 2.8, with the lowest values measured in the control stand. Soil CO2 efflux in the control stand was more sensitive to changes in soil moisture than was that on harvested plots. By our calculations, 6.2 tC ha-1 was released from the control stand and 6.2-6.8 tC ha-1 from the harvested stands during the sixth year after harvesting. If mean temperature were to rise by 1 °C, the amount of soil carbon released would increase by 7.7% in the control stand and, depending on harvesting intensity, by 9.0-10.8% in the harvested stands.
Low Forest, Soil Moisture, Soil Respiration, Temperature Dependence
The increase of the atmospheric concentration of anthropogenic greenhouse gases is recognized as one of the main factors causing global warming during recent decades ([16]). Soil respiration constitutes a predominant part of ecosystem respiration. After photosynthetic carbon assimilation, it comprises the second largest flux of carbon between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere ([34]). Therefore, soil respiration is one of the key determinants of net ecosystem carbon exchange. It is not surprising that much research attention has been devoted to CO2 release from soils, especially with studies interpreting the fate of carbon and evaluating soil as a source or sink of atmospheric CO2 in various ecosystems.
Whether an ecosystem corresponds to a sink or source for CO2 can be estimated from the balance between total net photosynthesis and gross respiration during a given time period. As soil respiration accounts for about 45-80% ([20], [1], [10]) of total ecosystem respiration, it significantly influences temporal (annual and interannual) variability of the net ecosystem carbon balance ([43], [26]). Quantification of soil CO2 efflux is important for understanding the carbon dynamic of terrestrial ecosystems and predicting possible future scenarios.
Forest ecosystems today cover about 44% of Europe’s total area. Soil carbon balance within those ecosystems is predominantly affected by climatic conditions, such as temperature or soil moisture ([15]), and by the developmental stage and management of forests. As forests age, several structural and physiological changes occur that influence soil respiration. Increasing leaf area and gross primary production during forest growth enhance soil CO2 efflux through increased supply of assimilates ([14]). Changes in root density with stand age affect soil CO2 efflux due to the amounts of respiring roots, rhizomicrobial biomass, and dead residua ([8]). Canopy cover and understory plants change the soil’s microclimatic conditions by reducing solar radiation and precipitation reaching the soil surface as well as the amount of litterfall ([35]). The amount and quality of litter affects microbial composition and the decomposition rate of soil organic material ([8], [4]). Different studies have described increase ([25]) and decrease ([37]) of soil CO2 efflux with forest stand age.
Clear-cutting leads to higher rates of soil CO2 effluxes ([23]) and decline in soil carbon stocks ([11]). On the other hand, afforestation increases total soil carbon stocks ([17]). The effects of clear-cutting, afforestation of non-forested areas, and stand age on soil CO2 fluxes have been addressed in several studies. Unlike these effects, the impact of forest management in the ancient coppicing manner on soil carbon fluxes has been poorly studied.
Coppicing is an ancient type of forest management that takes advantage from the vegetative propagation and rapid regeneration of broadleaf tree species when shoots emerge from stumps or roots shortly after the main tree has been cut ([7]). The harvest is usually repeated after a defined time, depending on tree species and site conditions. Compared to trees emerging from seeds, coppiced individuals have roots already established from the previous generation or rotations and therefore grow faster than planted trees ([13]).
In the past coppice management represented a flexible and diverse system and a good source of income that could be adjusted in response to almost annual changes in labor availability and demands for timber, wood and pasture ([31]). The extent and importance of coppicing was changing over time. In the second half of the 20th century, coppicing almost disappeared from many parts of Europe, as the firewood got replaced by the fossil fuels ([39]), and changes in silvicultural practices led to modern forestry ([32]). In some European countries, especially in the Mediterranean region, coppicing still represents an important form of forest management because of the extreme site conditions; for example in Albania (55%), France (47%), Greece (68%), Hungary (29%), Italy (56%), Portugal (37% - [41]), Bulgaria (48%), Croatia (22%), and also Macedonia (60%). In other parts of Europe, most coppice woods have been transformed into high-forests or left to overgrow ([31], [22]). Coppiced trees were often reduced to one or two large trunks (“singled out”), felling cycles were prolonged and canopy structure became more uniform.
In recent years, interest in coppice forest management across some EU countries increases ([29]) and has also indicated the possibility of reintroducing this forest practice for both ecological and economic purposes: as part of nature conservation, where the natural regeneration is compromised by environmental conditions and as a source of sustainable energy ([28]) in countries with limited forest resources for the renewable source of energy.
Coppicing, like other forest management practices, has a significant impact on carbon budget of the forest ecosystem. Due to preservation of root system from the previous generation and according to fast sprout regrowth ability, the response of the ecosystem would differ from the ordinary clear cutting and would be milder. Another open question is the long-term coppice management effect over several rotations on the same site.
The beneficial effects of restoration coppicing are however not guaranteed in all cases. Coppicing can also represent threats to biodiversity by enhancing the spread of ruderal species of native origin or the invasion of aliens ([33]). Problems may be related to environmental changes and also insufficient knowledge on coppicing ([42]).
To correctly evaluate this management, more information about coppices and their ability to sequester carbon under different harvesting practices, forest regrowth and repeating stand rotations is required.
The aims of our study therefore were: (1) to describe relationships between soil CO2 efflux in coppiced sessile oak (Quercus petraea [Matt.] Liebl.) forest stands with different tending intensities and soil properties (temperature, moisture); and (2) to compare soil CO2 efflux among the same coppiced forest stands.
We hypothesized that harvesting will significantly increase soil temperature, soil moisture and soil CO2 efflux. Moreover, we expected no significant differences in the studied parameters among the harvested variants.
Study site
The studied forest, located 2 km southwest from Sobesice in South Moravia (Czech Republic - 49° 14′ 43″ N, 16° 35′ 60″ E), has been managed with a lower coppiced layer and a higher one of seed origin. The stand was 76 years old in 2013 and predominated by sessile oak (Quercus petraea - 96%). Stand density was 716 trees ha-1 growing on Cambisol (FAO). Annual mean temperature of the site is approximately 7.5 °C and annual mean precipitation is 550-560 mm.
Soil CO2 efflux measurements were performed in the undisturbed stand and in coppiced stands during the fifth and sixth years after tree harvesting (2008) on a square of 4 ha. The square was divided into 16 plots, each 50 × 50 m with four different harvest intensities, where the number of remaining trees was as follows: V1 at 176 trees ha-1; V2 at 139 trees ha-1; V3 at 97 trees ha-1; V4 was clear-cut. The control plots (VC), established in the undisturbed part of the stand at the northwestern edge of the harvested plots, had 716 trees ha-1. The design and characteristics of the plots are presented in Fig. 1 and Tab. 1.
Fig. 1 - Design of the studied area with different harvesting intensities: control (VC), 716 trees ha-1; V1, 176 trees ha-1 (subplots 2, 4, 10, 12); V2, 139 trees ha-1 (subplots 6, 8, 14, 16); V3, 97 trees ha-1 (subplots 5, 7, 13, 15); V4, clear-cut (subplots 1, 3, 9, 11).
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Tab. 1 - Characteristics of the studied subplots with four different harvest intensities designed according to scheme presented in Fig. 1.
Plot number
Stems before harvesting
(n ha-1)
Stems after harvesting
intensity (%)
2, 4, 10, 12 V1 768 91.6 176 17.2 77 4.8
6, 8, 14, 16 V2 704 52.0 139 7.2 80 1.2
5, 7, 13, 15 V3 688 128.8 97 9.6 86 1.7
1, 3, 9, 11 V4 700 74.4 0 - 100 -
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Soil CO2 efflux, soil temperature and soil moisture measurements
Measurements were performed during the 2013 and 2014 growing seasons. In the middle of each plot, three measurement positions were established at a distance of 8 m each other. In the control plot, four groups of three positions were set. In this arrangement, 12 positions for each variant with three iterations per sample were measured.
Measurements of soil CO2 efflux on all plots were performed on the following dates: 21 May, 20 June, 1 August, and 5 September 2013 and 18 April, 21 May, 17 June, 8 August, 18 September, and 30 October 2014. The measurements during each day took approximately 4 h, from 9:00-13:00 and were performed in conditions without rain, following the same order each time. In total, 180 measurements were performed in all variants/harvesting intensities.
One month before the first measurement in both years, PVC collars 20 cm in diameter were installed 3 cm into the soil at each position. The green parts of plants were gently removed from the measurement position. Soil CO2 efflux measurements were performed using a Li-8100® portable system (Li-Cor, Lincoln, NE, USA) with a 20 cm survey chamber. After the chamber closed, a period (dead band) of 15 s was set to allow steady mixing of the air in the chamber. During the following 60 s, CO2 concentration was measured repeatedly at 1 s intervals and a linear approach was used to calculate soil CO2 efflux. During each measurement, soil temperature at 1.5 cm (TPD32 penetrate thermometer®, Omega, Stamford, CT, USA) and soil moisture in the 0-6 cm profile (ThetaProbe ML2x®, Delta-T Devices, Cambridge, UK) were measured 5 cm distant outside the collar at three points for each measurement position.
In 2014, mean soil CO2 efflux (Rm) measurement was correlated with mean soil temperature (Tm), separately for each treatment, using the following exponential equation (eqn. 1):
\begin{equation} R_{M} = \beta \cdot e^{ \alpha \cdot T_{m}} \end{equation}
with α and β as the regression coefficients.
The proportional change in CO2 efflux in relation to a 10 °C increase in temperature, known as Q10, was calculated according to Lloyd & Taylor ([21] - eqn. 2):
\begin{equation} Q_{10} = e^{10 \cdot \alpha} \end{equation}
with α being the regression coefficient from eqn. 1. Q10 was calculated individually for each harvest intensity (VC and V1-V4) in 2014 except for the date 17 June 2014, at which time CO2 efflux was influenced by severely limited soil moisture. Q10 was not calculated during 2013 measurements because of insufficient temperature range. Soil CO2 efflux was normalized for the temperature 10 °C (R10) according to the following equation (eqn. 3):
\begin{equation} R_{10} = \frac{R_{S}} {Q_{10}^{\frac{T_{s} - 10}{10}}} \end{equation}
where RS is the soil CO2 efflux and TS the soil temperature measured at each position. For normalization of soil CO2 efflux on 17 June, Q10 was set at 1.2, in accordance with Yuste et al. ([46]).
A nonlinear model for the dependence of R10 on soil moisture was used. R10 was assumed to follow a sigmoidal function ([9]) of soil moisture (SWC) as follows (eqn. 4):
\begin{equation} R_{10} = \frac{a} {1+e^{ -{\frac{SWC - x_0} {b} }}} \end{equation}
To evaluate the trend of the tending impact on soil CO2 efflux, the treatments were ordered from VC over V1 to V4 and values from 1 to 5 were assigned to them on the x-axis. The corresponding means of soil CO2 efflux were plotted on the y-axis. Finally, the slope from VC to V4 was calculated from the linear fit.
Mean soil temperature, soil moisture and soil CO2 efflux from three positions was calculated for each plot, therefore four values were obtained for each treatment on each date.
To test differences in soil temperature, soil moisture and soil CO2 efflux over two experimental years, a two-way repeated measures ANOVA was applied with treatment and date of measurement as factors. Statistical significance of the analysis was tested at the level of probability α=0.05.
To confirm permanency of the impact of thinning on soil CO2 efflux over two experimental seasons, differences in mean soil CO2 efflux of VC (treatment without thinning) from soil CO2 efflux of individual treatments with thinning (V1-V4) were calculated for each measurement day. The differences for each treatment (V1-V4) were compared to zero by applying a t-test. Significance level was set to α = 0.05 and Bonferroni’s correction for multiple testing was applied.
Statistical analyses were performed using SigmaPlot® 11.0 analytical software (Systat Software, San José, CA, USA).
Mean soil temperature from all positions during soil CO2 efflux measurements ranged from 20.2 ± 2.6 to 27.1 ± 2.4 °C in 2013 and from 9.3 ± 1.1 to 20.9 ± 1.9 °C in 2014, with maxima occurring in the middle of the season.
Two-way repeated measures ANOVA confirmed the statistically significant interaction between treatment and date of measurement. Significant differences among the treatments was, however, found only in May and August 2013 (Fig. 2).
Fig. 2 - Soil temperature at a depth of 1.5 cm (a), soil moisture at a depth of 1-6 cm (b), and soil CO2 efflux (c) during the 2013 and 2014 growing seasons in the control plots (VC) with 716 trees ha-1 and the harvested plots V1 (176 trees ha-1), V2 (139 trees ha-1), V3 (97 trees ha-1), and V4 (clear-cut). The points show mean values with standard deviation indicates by the bars. The small letters indicate statistically significant differences (p<0.05) among the treatments within measurement dates for soil temperature and moisture; for these variables, significant interaction between treatment and date of measurement was confirmed by two-way repeated measures ANOVA.
In 2013, mean soil moisture calculated from all positions was the highest in May, reaching 32.5 ± 5.0%. It then decreased to 8.0 ± 1.7% in August and then increased slightly until the last measurement (14.7 ± 3.2%). In contrast, during 2014 the highest soil moisture was measured in the autumn (reaching 34.7 ± 6.3% in October), while the lowest value was detected in June (7.2 ± 1.4%).
Soil moisture proved significant interaction between treatment and date of measurement. Soil moisture in VC was in most cases the lowest out of all treatments. Detailed results of statistical analyses are shown in Fig. 2.
Soil CO2 efflux followed the pattern of soil temperature, with the highest values occurring in summer when the mean values from all positions reached up to 8.0 µmol CO2 m-2 s-1 (Fig. 2). Exceptions were the days when soil moisture was low, especially in August and September 2013 during the long-term period of drought and also in June 2014.
Soil CO2 efflux did not proved significant interaction between treatment and date of measurement. Subsequent Tukey’s post-hoc test confirmed the significant difference between VC and V4 (Tab. 2).
Tab. 2 - P and F values of the two-way repeated measures ANOVA testing differences in soil CO2 efflux among five treatments and p-values of all pairwise multiple comparison procedures (Tukey’s test). Asterisks indicate significant differences between two treatments (p<0.05).
ANOVA Results
Pairwise multiple comparison
F 3.4 VC 0.777 0.816 0.521 0.017*
P 0.035 V1 - 1.000 0.991 0.161
- - V2 - - 0.983 0.142
- - V3 - - - 0.321
Mean soil CO2 efflux showed an increasing pattern with increasing harvesting intensity (from VC through V1 to V4) during most of the measurement dates. The mean differences of soil CO2 efflux in VC from soil CO2 efflux in individual treatments (V1-V4) amounted 0.19 ± 0.14, 0.21 ± 0.28, 0.36 ± 0.35, 0.62 ± 0.32 for V1, V2 V3 and V4, respectively, and it increased from V1 to V4. Analyses confirmed that the differences for V1, V3 and V4 were significantly higher than zero (p ≤ 0.001). P-value for V2 reached 0.068. When measurements in August and September 2013, when long-term drought severely limited soil CO2 efflux and suppressed the effect of other factors, were excluded, the mean differences reached values of 0.19 ± 0.11, 0.32 ± 0.15, 0.49 ± 0.24 and 0.64 ± 0.29 for V1, V2 V3 and V4, respectively, and the significant difference from zero was confirmed for all treatments V1-V4 (p > 0.001).
The slope of the increasing curve changed during the studied years: in 2013 the values ranged between 0.21 and 0.23 µmol CO2 m-2 s-1, while during 2014 they ranged from 0.05 to 0.20 µmol CO2 m-2 s-1, indicating a decrease in carbon release from the soil as the harvesting effect became weaker.
From exponential regression of soil CO2 efflux and soil temperature (Fig. 3), values of Q10 were determined for each treatment as follows: VC = 2.05; V1 = 2.55; V2 = 2.47; V3 = 2.46; and V4 = 2.78. Data from June 2014 were not included because of very low soil moisture (the encircled points in Fig. 3). For June 2014, the Q10 value was set at 1.2 in accordance with Yuste et al. ([46]). Mean R10 from all plots ranged between 1.7 and 2.8 µmol CO2 m-2 s-1 in 2014. The lowest values were measured in June under water stress conditions. R10 increased with rising soil moisture in all treatments. The steepest increase was found for VC (Fig. 4). The regression parameters for the relationship between R10 and soil moisture for each harvesting intensity are presented in Fig. 4 and Tab. 3.
Fig. 3 - Soil CO2 efflux over soil temperature in 2014 in the control plots (VC) with 716 trees ha-1 and the harvested plots V1 (176 trees ha-1), V2 (139 trees ha-1), V3 (97 trees ha-1), and V4 (clear-cut). The encircled points are data from June when soil moisture dropped below 10%; these data were not included into calculation of temperature sensitivity of soil CO2 efflux.
Fig. 4 - Normalized soil CO2 efflux (R10) vs. soil moisture at 1-6 cm depth during the 2014 growing season in the control plots (VC) with 716 trees ha-1 and the harvested plots V1 (176 trees ha-1), V2 (139 trees ha-1), V3 (97 trees ha-1), and V4 (clear-cut) fitted to a sigmoid curve [R10 = a/1+exp(-(SWC-x0)/b))]. The parameters are presented in Tab. 3.
Tab. 3 - The parameters of the sigmoid fit of the relationships between R10 and soil moisture from Fig. 3 [R10 = a/(1+exp(-(SWC-x0)/b))] during the 2014 growing season in the control plot (VC) with 716 trees ha-1 and the harvested plots V1 (176 trees ha-1), V2 (139 trees ha-1), V3 (97 trees ha-1), and V4 (clear-cut).
VC 3.085 6.599 6.876 0.74
V1 2.692 8.220 2.737 0.80
V2 2.438 10.64 -3.710 0.84
V3 2.706 10.09 0.397 0.84
During the 2014 growing season, mean air temperature at the study site was 15.8 °C (1 May - 31 October) and according to our observations ([5]) was approximately 2 °C higher than was the mean seasonal soil temperature.
By substituting mean seasonal soil temperature, mean (seasonal) R10, and Q10 of each treatment for 2014 into the first equation (eqn. 1), we calculated that approximately 6.25 tC ha-1 was released from the soil at the control stand during the 2014 growing season (May-October). The calculated amounts of carbon released from harvested stands ranged between 6.17 and 6.84 tC ha-1 during the sixth growing season after harvest. If mean air temperature were to increase by 1 °C as a consequence of global warming, the amount of the soil carbon released would increase by 7.7 % in the control stand and by 9.0-10.8% in the harvested stands, depending on harvesting intensity.
Seasonal variations in soil CO2 efflux have been observed in almost all ecosystems and often have been associated with changes in temperature, moisture, photosynthate production, and/or their combinations. The main controlling factors may depend on the type of ecosystem and climate. Large spatial variability in soil CO2 respiration results from large variability in such physical properties of soil as soil water content, thermal conditions, porosity, texture, chemistry, biological conditions (e.g., fine-root biomass, fungi, and bacteria), nutrient availability (e.g., nitrogen mineralization), and others (disturbance history and weathering - [12], [8], [19], [45]). Shibistova et al. ([38]) showed a close connection between tree density and soil CO2 efflux in an open boreal forest. Soil CO2 efflux rates in areas in proximity to trees were about double compared with open areas, thus indicating that the developmental stage of trees (e.g., age and height) can explain some of the spatial patterns of soil CO2 efflux in forests.
Canopy removal and exposure to increased solar radiation raise soil temperature in harvested stands, as described by Londo et al. ([23]) and Pang et al. ([30]). Moreover, Mello et al. ([27]) observed increased amplitude range in a harvested stand’s temperature as compared to that of a mature (control) stand. In our study, however, no clear effect of harvesting on soil temperature in the fifth and sixth year after coppicing was confirmed.
Lower soil moisture was detected in the control plot compared to other plots with different harvest intensity, and this confirms the findings reported by Lopez et al. ([24]) and Mello et al. ([27]). The change was caused by removal of the tree canopy and opening of the soil surface to solar radiation, as a consequence of which temperature oscillations increased ([30]).
In several studies, increase in soil CO2 efflux has been observed during the first year after harvest ([23], [40]). According to Raich & Tufekcioglu ([35]), Mello et al. ([27]) and Inclan et al. ([15]), the increase in soil respiration in coppice forests may therefore be attributed to various reasons:
interruption of the canopy cover resulting in higher soil temperatures and soil moisture, which may induce an increase in microbial respiration;
decomposition of the woody debris left on the soil surface after harvest;
increased fine root mortality and decomposition of dead roots after harvest;
development of a grass or herb ground layer of vegetation and its leaf litterfall and rapid root turnover.
After five years since harvesting, the impact of debris decomposition and increased root mortality can be assumed having vanished. On the other hand, changed soil properties and grass development may have contributed substantially to the increased soil efflux rates.
The effect of harvesting on soil CO2 efflux was confirmed as the efflux remained constantly higher in the harvested plots compare to VC, and the differences of soil CO2 in VC from the individual harvested treatments were significantly higher than zero. Moreover, soil CO2 efflux increased with harvesting intensity from VC through V1 to V4 (Fig. 2).
The steepness of the CO2 efflux increase from VC to V4 declined from the fifth to the sixth year after harvest, thus indicating a gradual return with age of the coppiced stand’s soil carbon dynamics to the state of equilibrium existing prior to harvest. Based on the change in steepness, we may speculate that the effect will wear off within another 5 years such that no difference would be evident between the control and harvested stands.
The recovery of soil carbon balance after harvesting in coppice-type stands may be attributed to the strongly developed root system established during previous rotations, binding of CO2 by rapidly growing aboveground biomass, and transporting of assimilates to the roots ([6]). This constitutes an advantage over sites with pronounced stress conditions due, for example, to soil water content and erosion ([7]). As the established root system preserves carbon for the next generation, the benefits may be evident during its initial developmental stages. This explains why coppice-type management is so effective on extreme sites. If the rotation is too intensive, however, and the carbon stock does not have time to recover, then site conditions may become depleted or even threatened by alien species ([33]).
Temperature is the driving factor behind soil CO2 efflux if it is not limited by high water content in the soil - which results in a lack of oxygen ([18]) - or by low water content ([44]). Because these conditions reduce soil CO2 efflux and its sensitivity to temperature, determination of a single value of Q10 for the entire season can bias the temperature normalization of CO2 efflux. In particular, measuring during periods of low soil water content can cause under- or overestimation of R10 ([5]). Therefore, data from June 2014, when the soil moisture was only 8 %, were excluded from the Q10 calculation. The calculated Q10 was not used to normalize soil CO2 efflux on that date inasmuch as R10 would have been greatly underestimated. On the other hand, neither should the effect of temperature be fully excluded. Although the topsoil (where soil moisture was measured) was dry, the deeper horizons which do not suffer from such drought also contribute to CO2 efflux from the soil surface ([3]). The respiration of these horizons would still be temperature dependent. Therefore, we set the Q10 value equal to 1.2 in accordance with Yuste et al. ([46]), who had determined this value for forest soil under water stress conditions.
In our study, the temperature sensitivity of soil CO2 efflux (Q10) was in the range of 2.05-2.78, and that is comparable with findings from other studies on oak forests ([25], [36]). Q10 was lower in the control plot than it was in harvested plots. That is in accordance with results from Tedeschi et al. ([40]), who found higher Q10 several years after coppicing as compared to older stands. Saiz et al. ([37]) had described a decrease in Q10 with age from a young to mature forest. The difference between the control and harvested plots could be caused by different microclimatic conditions triggered by canopy removal or by different contributions of CO2 sources into total soil respiration, as in our case. As heterotrophic respiration is less temperature sensitive than autotrophic respiration ([2]), we can assume greater contribution of heterotrophic respiration to total soil CO2 efflux on the control plot than in the harvested plots due to the continuous accumulation of organic matter inputs from tree leaf litter ([37]).
Normalized soil CO2 efflux (R10) in VC increased more steeply with increasing soil moisture than it did in the harvested stands. This can be the reason why, despite lower soil moisture in the control compared to the harvested plots, no significant differences between VC and harvested stands was found in the majority of cases.
Coppicing had no impact son soil temperature in the fifth and sixth year after coppicing. On the contrary, the harvesting increased soil moisture in comparison to the undisturbed control forest, because of probable increased throughfall.
Soil CO2 efflux showed significant differences only between VC and V4. However, soil CO2 efflux tended to increase with harvesting intensity from the control to clear-cut plots. The slope of the rising CO2 efflux curve from VC toward V4 became less steep from the fifth to the sixth year after harvesting. On the basis of our results, we assume that in about 10 years after harvesting the soil carbon dynamics of the coppiced stand would return to the balanced stage of the non-harvested stand.
Soil CO2 efflux in the undisturbed stand showed steeper increase with increasing soil moisture compared to the harvested stands. This resulted in small differences in soil CO2 efflux between the control and harvested plots despite the significantly lower soil moisture on the control plot.
The results of this study supported our hypothesis concerning effect of harvesting on soil moisture and soil CO2 efflux, but not the effect on soil temperature. Moreover, differences in soil CO2 efflux among the harvested variants were not as significant as expected.
From the viewpoint of sustainability and soil carbon preservation, the rapid restoration of carbon flux under coppicing points to a seemingly advantageous style of forest management.
This work was supported by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of CR within the National Sustainability Program I (NPU I), grant number LO1415 and grant CZ.1.07/2.3.00/20.0267. Authors wish to thank English Editorial services, s.r.o. (Brno, Czech Republic) for revising the English language of this manuscript.
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Authors’ Affiliation
Eva Darenova
Marian Pavelka
Global Change Research Center, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Belidla 4a, 603 00 Brno (Czech Republic)
Matjaz Cater
Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana (Slovenia)
Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 3, 613 00 Brno (Czech Republic)
darenova.e@czechglobe.cz
Paper Info
Darenova E, Cater M, Pavelka M (2016). Different harvest intensity and soil CO2 efflux in sessile oak coppice forests. iForest 9: 546-552. - doi: 10.3832/ifor1773-009
Academic Editor
Tomas Vrska
Paper history
Received: Jul 17, 2015
Accepted: Feb 29, 2016
First online: Mar 25, 2016
Publication Time: 0.83 months
© SISEF - The Italian Society of Silviculture and Forest Ecology 2016
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Page Top Introduction Materials and methods - Study site - Soil CO2 efflux, soil temperature and soil moisture measurements - Data analysis Results Discussion Conclusions Acknowledgements References
Fig. 1 - Design of the studied area with different harvesting intensities: control (VC), 716 trees ha-1; V1, 176 trees ha-1 (subplots 2, 4, 10, 12); V2, 139 trees ha-1 (subplots 6, 8, 14, 16); V3, 97 trees ha-1 (subplots 5, 7, 13, 15); V4, clear-cut (subplots 1, 3, 9, 11). Fig. 2 - Soil temperature at a depth of 1.5 cm (a), soil moisture at a depth of 1-6 cm (b), and soil CO2 efflux (c) during the 2013 and 2014 growing seasons in the control plots (VC) with 716 trees ha-1 and the harvested plots V1 (176 trees ha-1), V2 (139 trees ha-1), V3 (97 trees ha-1), and V4 (clear-cut). The points show mean values with standard deviation indicates by the bars. The small letters indicate statistically significant differences (p<0.05) among the treatments within measurement dates for soil temperature and moisture; for these variables, significant interaction between treatment and date of measurement was confirmed by two-way repeated measures ANOVA. Fig. 3 - Soil CO2 efflux over soil temperature in 2014 in the control plots (VC) with 716 trees ha-1 and the harvested plots V1 (176 trees ha-1), V2 (139 trees ha-1), V3 (97 trees ha-1), and V4 (clear-cut). The encircled points are data from June when soil moisture dropped below 10%; these data were not included into calculation of temperature sensitivity of soil CO2 efflux. Fig. 4 - Normalized soil CO2 efflux (R10) vs. soil moisture at 1-6 cm depth during the 2014 growing season in the control plots (VC) with 716 trees ha-1 and the harvested plots V1 (176 trees ha-1), V2 (139 trees ha-1), V3 (97 trees ha-1), and V4 (clear-cut) fitted to a sigmoid curve [R10 = a/1+exp(-(SWC-x0)/b))]. The parameters are presented in Tab. 3.
Tab. 1 - Characteristics of the studied subplots with four different harvest intensities designed according to scheme presented in Fig. 1. Tab. 2 - P and F values of the two-way repeated measures ANOVA testing differences in soil CO2 efflux among five treatments and p-values of all pairwise multiple comparison procedures (Tukey’s test). Asterisks indicate significant differences between two treatments (p<0.05). Tab. 3 - The parameters of the sigmoid fit of the relationships between R10 and soil moisture from Fig. 3 [R10 = a/(1+exp(-(SWC-x0)/b))] during the 2014 growing season in the control plot (VC) with 716 trees ha-1 and the harvested plots V1 (176 trees ha-1), V2 (139 trees ha-1), V3 (97 trees ha-1), and V4 (clear-cut).
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Darenova et al. (2016). iForest 9: 546-552. - doi: 10.3832/ifor1773-009
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IMPACT FACTOR (2018): 1.419
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International Journal of Interactive Multimedia and Artificial Intelligence
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Polymer Monoliths
04 July–22 August 200904 Jul–22 Aug 2009
New Zealand artist Peter Robinson was last seen at the IMA in 2005, exhibiting alongside Gordon Bennett in the exhibition Three Colours. There he offered his sceptical take on post-colonial art-and-identity politics. His recent work, however, leaves such issues behind, in what seems like an abruptly formalist about-face. He has moved away from illustrating political, scientific, and philosophical ideas, and toward playing with materials and exploring the resulting poetic nuances. He’s been working with polystyrene—that mundane, everyday material of consumer excess. A non-biodegradable thermo-plastic, it cushions our electronic goods in transit and pollutes our foreshores. In Robinson’s work, it is also a sculptural material of infinite possibility—lightweight yet massive, able to fill large spaces yet also to articulate delicate forms. Robinson pursues multiple lines of inquiry, as if, given polystyrene’s association with disposability, any number of sculptural experiments could be explored, cast aside, and reworked. His work ranges from roughly hewn, lumpen forms to intricately carved, baroque ones. In our show, Robinson continues his recent exploration of the monolith. In conjunction with Artspace, Sydney; supported by Creative New Zealand, University of Auckland, and Brisbane’s Urban Art Projects.
Justene Williams
IMA at Surfers
08 Oct–06 Nov 2011
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Celebrity #BruceJenner: Ex-Olympian & Reality TV Star Involved In Fatal Car Crash
#BruceJenner: Ex-Olympian & Reality TV Star Involved In Fatal Car Crash
On Saturday (7th Feb), “Keeping Up With The Kardashians” star Bruce Jenner, who will officially be ex-husband of Kris Kardashian come March, was reported to have been involved in a fatal car crash.
According to Los Angeles’ County Sheriff’s Department Sergeant Matthew Dunn, Bruce was an occupant in one of the three vehicles that crashed in the city of Malibu on the Pacific Coast Highway in which one person was killed, said Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department Sergeant Matthew Dunn. At that time, he was driving a black Cadillac SUV that was the third vehicle involved in a multiple read-end collision. The accident occurred on a tricky stretch of the highway, where the road is narrow and twisting.
Celebrity website TMZ showed photos of Jenner standing at the scene of the collision, as seen below:
Source: TMZ
At first, it was widely believed that Bruce was being chased by photographers, which led to the crash. However, CNN reported that authorities said there is no evidence he was being chased by photographers.
Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department Lt. John Lecrivain said:
As of right now, there is no indication that Bruce Jenner was being chased by paparazzi at the time of the crash. There was a possibility that paparazzi was following him at the time of the crash, but that is a very regular occurrence, and (there is) no indication at this time it was a contributing factor of the crash.
The sheriff’s department said on its Facebook page that the surviving drivers were cooperating with investigators while a deputy said Bruce voluntarily took a field sobriety test, was questioned, and went home. 5 children and 2 adults were hospitalised with injuries, and the person who was killed was not immediately identified.
Sources: TMZ, CNN / Featured image from TMZ.
#BruceJenner
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Eats, sleeps, & breathes music, but drinks mostly coffee & okay, some wine - sometimes, a little too much. A little too obsessed with the number seven, is deathly afraid of horror movies, believes that she writes better than she speaks, & currently feeling a little strange writing a profile about herself.
#CaitlynJenner: Faces Possible Criminal Charge For Fatal Crash
#KUWTK: E! Asia To Air 2-Part Bruce Jenner Special This Sunday
#CaitlynJenner: How Vanity Fair (& Everyone Else) Kept The Cover Story A Secret
#CaitlynJenner: Say “Bye Bye!” To Bruce & “Oh Hellooo” To Caitlyn
#BruceJenner: Ex-Olympian & Reality TV Star Reportedly Going Through A Sex Change?
One Less Kardashian To Keep Up With As Kris & Bruce Files For Divorce
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La Crosse IAM Locals 21 & 1115 on Strike Against Trane
by jbattaglia | Aug 13, 2018 | iMail | 0 comments
Members of IAM Local 21 and 1115, employed at heating and air conditioning-manufacturer Trane Co., are on strike today after voting down the company’s proposed contract offer in La Crosse, WI Saturday.
Key sticking points include wages, mandatory overtime, healthcare, no-fault attendance system, contingent work force, and retirement benefits.
The nearly 500 production, maintenance and tool and die makers’ current contract expired at the stroke of midnight Saturday night.
Negotiations are expected to resume Monday morning.
“Our brothers and sisters feel they are overworked, overstressed, and underappreciated,” said District Lodge 66 Directing Business Representative Neil Kamrowski. “Mandatory overtime has been a plague for the last four years. People can’t have a life outside of Trane if they are at work all week. The proposal that failed to ratify had too many negative changes and not enough positive changes to allow a better balance between work and family.”
“The members of IAM Local 21 and 1115 have spoken. And the message is loud and clear,” said IAM Midwest Territory General Vice President Philip J. Gruber. “I could not be more proud of our IAM brothers and sisters. They are walking the picket line, not only for themselves, but for workers everywhere. We stand with them in solidarity to let the company know workers at Trane deserve a fair contract.”
The post La Crosse IAM Locals 21 & 1115 on Strike Against Trane appeared first on IAMAW.
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I CAN'T BELIEVE MY EARZ
THE BEST MUSIC YOU'VE NEVER HEARD
Archive for paul fairbairn
2014 INDIE ALBUM OF THE YEAR
Posted in Uncategorized with tags 1960s, 1960s music, 1970s, 2014, a living fiction, addictive, album of the year, alternative rock, are you lonely are you scared, arena rock, belfast, blues, brother nature, Bus Therapy, canada, country, country dirt, druckfarben, dublin, early to the sun, eccentric, electronic, energetic, england, fantastic 4, feels like i'm the only one, folk, fun, garage, harmonic, harmony, i can't believe my earz, indie, indie music, ireland, irish soul, little feat, live album, live at the belfast barge, Los Angeles, melodic, melody, music, New Jersey, Niagara Falls, Northern England, ontario, ottawa, Pablo Melons, paul fairbairn, poco, pop, powerful, progressive rock, punk, r & b, second sound, Shaken Not Stirred, so long, South Of Bloor, supergroup, The After Hours, the band, the beach boys, the beatles, The Byrds, the corsets, the hollies, the hot sprockets, the kinks, the last waltz, the minnows, the northern pikes, The Red Rails, the satisfactors, The Street, The Turtles, the zombies, to see you here, toronto, toxic melons, United States, waiting for columbus, western, Xprime, Yes, yessongs on December 15, 2014 by TheManicBlogger
With a significant number of quality Indie releases this year, narrowing a list down to 10 albums, worthy of I Can’t Believe My Earz‘ 2014 Indie Album Of The Year, was no easy task. There are some honorable mentions: Neverfriend-‘Evolve‘, The Everywheres-‘Habitualism‘, Harbour-‘Grade School Summer‘ & Social Strife-‘With Friends Like These…’. We listened to them all, and here is our pick for the top 10 Indie Albums of 2014.
#10 DRUCKFARBEN————–‘Second Sound’
I am not certain why Druckfarben has been a mystery. These Toronto based musicians are insanely talented. It is an impressive work. ‘Second Sound‘ offers wonderful musical themes in an array of movements that are woven together in layers to create an incredible musical journey. This is way cool arena rock, out of the 1970s, with a 21st century bite. If you like Progressive-Rock, Druckfarben is the real deal.
#9 THE RED RAILS———-A Living Fiction
The Red Rails offer ‘A Living Fiction‘, a classic rock sound immersed in blues. The Ottawa band has a sound that reminds me of Cream meets The Black Crowes. With a 21st century edge. I like it! This is not background music. This is an album you play in its entirety. In your car. While taking a 40 minute drive down a highway. Make sure it is a highway. You cannot drive slow while listening.
#8 THE SATISFACTORS——–‘The Satisfactors’
The Satisfactors self titled debut album. It rocks from beginning to end with a wonderful garage groove. The songs are amazing. They are wonderfully crafted, and played with a beat that just doesn’t stop. Bruce’s vocals are great. Cool to hear from Jersey’s Fantastic 4! The bass lines, and guitar riffs are insanely good, and I like the less is more approach to the drumming. This is rock ‘n’ roll the way it is meant to be played! This is Rock Til You Drop! This is The Satisfactors!
#7 SOUTH OF BLOOR——‘The Street’
This Toronto band has re-generated my lust for pop with the release of ‘The Street‘. The songs are exquisite 2-3 minute masterpieces. Their ability to write wonderful bridges and changes has me almost awe struck. The vocals are spectacular. The melodies, wonderful. This album delivers 5 terrific pop songs with alternative rock influences. And it works. A wonderful album. A fun time.
#6 TOXIC MELONS———‘Bus Therapy’
‘Bus Therapy‘ is my kind of therapy. This album by Northern England’s Toxic Melons is inspiring, soul touching, and mind altering. The album plays like a journey through a toxic mind, but that’s ok. The songs are pop heaven, with shades of folk, blues, electronic, and some western influences. This Paul Fairbairn can write songs. The melodies are out of this world, and the harmonies, well, remind me of The Beach Boys. The music is wonderfully eccentric.The album is insanely addictive. It has me singing along and I haven’t figured out all of the lyrics yet! An amazing compilation of great songs that has been placed on my must have list. Very cool.
#5 THE MINNOWS———‘Live At The Belfast Barge’
Aside from Yessongs, Waiting For Columbus and The Last Waltz, I have never been a big fan of live albums, but I have to add this Irish band’s ‘Live At The Belfast Barge‘ to the list of great live albums. The songs are as wonderful as I remember them, and they stand up to the passage of time. The band is insanely cohesive, and the musicianship, extraordinary. I have spent the better part of the year immersed in The Minnows and I can tell you that swimming with the fishes is not a bad thing. This is a must for your collection.
#4 THE CORSETS———–‘Are You Lonely, Are You Scared’
‘Are You Lonely, Are You Scared‘ is a wonderful adventure. Toronto’s The Corsets manage to harness their individual talents into a harmonic whole that is indeed the sum of its parts. Each is easily identifiable, yet needs the other parts to be heard. The energy level is wonderfully exciting, and the songs well, incredibly creative. Add this to your collection. It is that good.
#3 XPRIME——–‘The Album’
Xprime should be big. Hailing from Niagara Falls, Ontario, they write incredibly melodic songs with amazing harmonies and unforgettable hooks. These are talented musicians who seem to be having fun with every note played. ‘The Album‘ is a must have album. Give it 4 or 5 listens. At least. Pay particular attention to “To See You Here“, a 70′s pop-folk tune that reminds me of Poco, “Feels Like I’m The Only One“, a way cool song with R & B overtones, and “Early To The Sun“.
#2 THE AFTER HOURS——-‘Shaken, Not Stirred’
I really like Los Angeles’ The After Hours. I am a fan! They cite among their many influences The Beatles, The Beach Boys, The Kinks, The Byrds, The Zombies, The Hollies and The Turtles. Is it any wonder their music has wonderful 1960′s melodies, harmonies and riffs? The vocals and the guitar work stand out. ‘Shaken, Not Stirred‘ captures the essence of 60′s music. The songs are wonderfully written, and demonstrate a remarkable ability to integrate all of their influences into one cohesive and coherent sound. This is a must have album.
And, finally, the I Can’t Believe My Earz Indie Album Of The Year for 2014…
#1 THE HOT SPROCKETS——‘Brother Nature’
‘Brother Nature‘ by Ireland’s The Hot Sprockets. 13 tracks, and not a bad one to be found. I have listened to this album over and over, and it just keeps getting better. The songs are insanely good. The production, wonderful. These guys can write. These guys can play. The album has a ‘live off the floor’ feel to it. I haven’t heard this much energy in an album in a long time. The Hot Sprockets refer to their music as ‘country dirt”. I prefer to call it Irish Soul! Brother Nature is one of the most powerful albums I have heard in 2014, filled with the unusual, and the unexpected.
And there you have it. 10 exceptional albums. The I Can’t Believe My Earz picks for 2014. Give them a listen. Purchase them. Support Indie Music, and Indie bands.
https://icantbelievemyearz.wordpress.com/2013/05/28/review-archives/
https://www.facebook.com/ICantBelieveMyEarz
@cntblievemyearz
TOXIC MELONS-Bus Therapy
Posted in Uncategorized with tags acoustic guitar, addictive, Blue Jay Way, blues, bowie, Bus Therapy, Change The World, Close Encounters, cowboy, Disco Balls, eccentric, electronic, flute, folk, George Harrison, getting old, harmonies, horns, indie, indie music, instrumental, journey, Just One Beer, Let Me Sleep, lyric, melody, More or Less, Nilsson, Not In Love, Pablo Melons, paul fairbairn, pet sounds, pop, pop heaven, quirky, riff, run, solo, strings, Take Me Back, the beach boys, toxic melons, U.K., vocals, western, XTC on February 26, 2014 by TheManicBlogger
So, the story goes that Paul Fairbairn, Pablo Melons himself, was taking a lengthy bus trip and became so inspired, that he the he got the idea for the entire album right there and then. Why not? George Harrison was said to have written “Blue Jay Way” on a plane!
I first encountered Toxic Melons in May, 2013, and my love affair with their quirky U.K. sound continues with the new release, Bus Therapy, which I was fortunate to get pre-release.
The album opens with “More Or Less“, showcasing way cool piano and organ, a great melody and super harmonies. The song could be on any XTC album. “Journey“, an instrumental, has a dynamite musical melody that sits under electronic effects to create a Close Encounters feel. The acoustic guitar of “Let Me Sleep” is reminiscent of early Bowie, and fits perfectly among the weird keys that create a circus atmosphere. Interesting melody, sweet harmonies and a precise and tight guitar solo. “Disco Balls“, an amazing satire of the genre, nails it, with a great disco beat, cool changes and transitions, and great electronic effects. The cowboy sentiments of “Just One Beer“, captured by the saloon style piano, hide just below a sweet melody, nice harmonies and cool guitar riffs and runs. “Getting Old“, with its melancholic melody, delivers dynamite strings and horns, great transitions, and a cool bridge. I can’t help liking the vocal track. “Take Me Back” is beautifully melodic, with harmonized vocals that rival The Beach Boys’ Pet Sounds. That good! The track kills, with amazing flute and acoustic guitar, and wonderful arrangements. I am particularly fond of the vocals being the primary instrument here. Surprisingly, I have 2 favorite tracks. The wonderfully fabulous melody and sweet harmonies, combined with some way cool piano, and lyric- “was a need to change the world before her lifetime expired; no complicated reason, just the way she was wired”- had me asking why “Change The World” hasn’t been on a Nilsson album. “Not In Love” has a great pop melody and lush harmonies. The guitar and piano are dynamite, and I really dig the guitar runs. The bridge is perfect. Great pop song!
Bus Therapy is my kind of therapy. Truly inspiring, soul touching, and mind altering. The album plays like a journey through a toxic mind, but that’s ok. The songs are pop heaven, with shades of folk, blues, electronic, and some western influences. This Paul Fairbairn can write songs. The melodies are out of this world, and the harmonies, well, remind me of The Beach Boys. The music is wonderfully eccentric.The album is insanely addictive. It has me singing along and I haven’t figured out all of the lyrics yet! An amazing compilation of great songs that has been placed on my must have list. Very cool.
Check out Toxic Melons and help this band:https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/11591364/toxic-melons-bus-therapy-kick-starter-campaign
TOXIC MELONS
Posted in Uncategorized with tags accident, alex's song, andy partridge, brian wilson, diffidence, ep, eric dove, frank gutch jr, great britian, independent music, indie music, international, international accident, jellyfish, melons, music, ode to procrastination, passing reflection, paul fairbairn, power pop, toxic melons on May 29, 2013 by TheManicBlogger
When my friend Frank Gutch, Jr. tells me to listen to something, I listen. Toxic Melons, one of Frank’s latest finds are not Canadian. So I have amended policy and annexed Great Britain. For the purpose of this review, Toxic Melons, if only for a short while, are a Canadian band.
“International Accident”, th e EP follow up to the Toxic Melons debut album, “Melon Jam”, contains four tracks of power pop perfection.
Conceived by Paul Fairbairn, there are no band members. A varied group of extremely talented friends and musical guests play on this EP with incredible results. Fairbairn himself, writes, arranges and produces all of the material with the musical sensibilities of Brian Wilson and the irreverence of Andy Partridge. Fairbairn is eclectic, if not eccentric! He believes that he can do what he wants regardless of how unconventional it is, and he has the ability to make it work.
International Accident opens with “Diffidence“, a melancholy song that seems to follow no formula. The use of cymbals and blistering guitar work have one wondering what to expect next. “Passing Reflection“, written about the problems facing our world, presents us with acoustic guitar, keyboards, strings and a xylephone and places us deep in Toxic Melons’ world. “Ode to Procrastination” featuring Eric Dove, of Jellyfish fame, is a power-pop/rock song with a a touch of madness created by the unusual harmonies, choral sounds and quirky organ playing. We are treated to “Alex’s Song“, a short accappella piece with unforgettabable harmonies. No detail is overlooked here. International Accident contains imaginative songs with sophisticated arrangements and unforgettably catchy melodies. With the unconvential writing style and advanced production values Toxic Melons sound like no one else. International Accident is a fun listen. It surprises, excites and entertains. It is insanely good!
To hear Toxic Melons, click on the link below
http://www.reverbnation.com/play_now/song_15080732
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Clinical Trials: SEARCH[Study] TILT[Study:StudyFirstPostDate] AREA[SponsorSearch] ( National Institutes of Health AND NIH )
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Anti-Tac(Fv)-PE38 (LMB-2) to Treat Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphomas
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Genetics and Clinical Characteristics of Bardet-Biedl Syndrome
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Daclizumab to Treat Non-Infectious Sight-Threatening Uveitis
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Optical Coherence Tomography Comparative Study
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Cell Studies of Parkinson's Disease
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Imiquimod Cream in Treating Patients With Basal Cell Skin Cancer
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Campath-1H and EPOCH to Treat Non-Hodgkin's T- and NK-Cell Lymphomas
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Investigating the Effect of Vitamin A Supplementation on Retinitis Pigmentosa
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Evaluation of Safety of Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor Implants in the Eye
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Radiation Therapy and the Natural History of Childhood Cancers
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Collection of Tissue Specimens From Patients With Solid Tumors or Blood Disorders and Their HLA-Compatible Family Members
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A Phase II Study of Isolated Hepatic Perfusion (IHP) in Patients With Ocular Melanoma
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Genetic Analysis of Gray Platelet Syndrome
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Dietary Nitrate and Nitrite to Increase Nitric Oxide in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
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Natural History and Management of Pancreatic Lesions in Von Hippel-Lindau Disease
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Effect of DHA Supplements on Macular Function in Patients With Stargardt Macular Dystrophy and Stargardt-like Macular Dystrophy
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Intervention: Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Dietary Supplement
Using Fiducial Markers to Aid in Prostate Cancer Radiation Treatment
Conditions: Prostate Cancer; Cancer
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GVK Biosciences
Ascent Clinical Research Solutions
Albuquerque Clinical Trials (ACT)
Siri Technologies
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Responsible for the Strategic and Attack Submarine Program (PMS 392). Conducted planning, budgeting and execution of the life cycle materiel support, maintenance and modernization of all submarines and the inactivation and disposal of all nuclear submarines and surface ships.
Naval Sea Systems Command
Assistant Program Manager
Responsible for establishing the initial warfighting requirements for a new class of submarines. Executed the operational support for a special mission submarine, coordinating the efforts of 10 government agencies and five defense contractors in supporting special mission capabilities of a system of systems providing unique operational capability to the Department of Defense and the intelligence community.
USS Hampton (SSN-767)
DoD, Defense, Nuclear, Navy, Security Clearance, Military Operations, Military, Leadership, C4ISR, Operational Planning, Systems Engineering, Command, Engineering Management, National Security, Organizational Leadership, Information Assurance, Program Management, Force Protection, Government, Project Planning, Military Experience, Electronic Warfare, Top Secret, Weapons, Proposal Writing, Earned Value Management, Government Contracting, Intelligence, Defence, Intelligence Analysis, Tactics, Defence Sector, Military Logistics, Army, Radar, Air Force, Counterterrorism, Readiness, Defense Contracting, Nuclear Engineering, Foreign Military Sales, Aerospace, Homeland Security, Military Training, Requirements Management, UAV, Federal Government, Special Operations, Command & Control, SIGINT
Bringing unmanned maritime vehicle technologies to the Navy.
General Dynamics Advanced Information Systems
Responsible for the operational performance of a nuclear attack submarine, its propulsion plant and crew of 150 officers and enlisted. Highly successful execution of all assigned missions.
USS KEY WEST (SSN 722)
USS ALASKA
Timothy Wise
Security Clearance, Military, Military Operations, National Security, Operational Planning, DoD, Command, Navy, Military Experience, Intelligence Analysis, Defense, Force Protection, Army, Intelligence, Weapons, C4ISR, Government, Government Contracting, Engineering Management, Policy, Top Secret, Special Operations, Counterterrorism, Electronic Warfare, Physical Security, Federal Government, Information Assurance, Interagency Coordination, Systems Engineering, Military Logistics, Tactics, SIGINT, Homeland Security, Radar, Security+, Nuclear Engineering, Afghanistan, Air Force, Emergency Management, Military Training, Organizational Leadership, Counterinsurgency, Defence, Readiness, Earned Value Management, Nuclear, Aviation, Exercises, Foreign Policy
'CLOUD' SIGINT, SIGINT directorate
John Byrd
Nuclear Submariner. Retired from Navy in 2003 as a Rear Admiral. Selected for the Senior Executive Service and served at Defense Threat Reduction Agency beginning in 2004 overseeing defense acquisition programs and futures studies. During Active Duty, served in many command and senior staff positions within the Navy and Joint arena.
Defense & Space
Strategic Planning, International Relations, Program Management, Continuous Improvement, DoD, National Security, Navy, Command, Military Operations, Military, Security Clearance, Government, Defense, Nuclear, Information Assurance, Foreign Policy, Intelligence, Military Experience, Top Secret, Policy, Government Contracting, Army, Air Force, Defence, Earned Value Management, Systems Engineering, Federal Government, Operational Planning, C4ISR, Homeland Security, Electronic Warfare, Intelligence Analysis, Counterterrorism, Tactics, SIGINT, Special Operations, Force Protection, Weapons, Command & Control, Organizational Leadership, NATO, CBRN, Military Training, Exercises, Interagency Coordination, Radar, Emergency Management, Nuclear Engineering, Reconnaissance, Afghanistan
'SALEM' SIGINT, 'WEALTH' SIGINT
Deputy Assistant CNO for Operations and Plans (N3/5B)
OPNAV Staff
Director, Asia and Pacific Division, J-5
NPTU Ballston Spa
Director of Strategy, Plans and Resources (J-5/8)
USTRATCOM
Director, Cooperative Threat Reduction
DTRA
Rear Admiral (Retired)
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Henchman-4-Hire
Geeky News, Reviews and Rants from a Working Class Super-Villain
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6 Mutants I Want to See in a Future Ninja Turtles Movie
Posted by Sean Ian Mills
The latest trailer for the upcoming Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles sequel got me thinking about one of my favorite things in the world: mutants! The Ninja Turtles were my cartoon of choice growing up in the 1980s, and you better believed I owned every crazy Ninja Turtles action figure I could get my hands on! The very premise of martial arts animal people was so limitless that we got everything from a moose Mountie to a basketball-playing giraffe!
Nostalgia’s gonna get ya, suckas
The latest trailer for Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows focuses heavily on Bebop and Rocksteady, and the idea that the Shredder now has the ability to make more mutants. If the Ninja Turtles movies are anything like the X-Men movies (another popular mutant franchise), then all the upcoming sequels are going to try and cram as many new mutants onto the screen as they can!
Seeing as how I am an expert in ancillary Ninja Turtles, I’ve decided to offer up a few suggestions for the franchise.
6. Punk Frogs
Maybe ‘punk’ isn’t the right word
How do you up the ante in a threequel when you’ve already had the Turtles face off against the duo of Bebop and Rocksteady? Put them against the quartet of the Punk Frogs! Basically, they’re duplicate versions of the Ninja Turtles. There are four of them, each one has a unique weapon, and they’re all named after history’s greatest dictators, like Genghis Khan or Attila the Hun. They appeared a few times in the original cartoon, though the less said about the current Nickelodeon version, the better. A lot can be done with frogs, plus it would be 4-on-4. That’s called upping the stakes.
5. Slash
Sometimes he’s from Dimension X, sometimes he ain’t
What’s better than four frogs? How about one badass snapping turtle monster? Slash is the evil fifth turtle, a snapping turtle mutant that wears a black mask as an enemy (and sometimes ally) of the Ninja Turtles. He’s big, he’s mean and he’s a fan favorite. Bebop and Rocksteady are good for comedy relief. Slash is good for some old-fashioned monster fights! Plus he’s an easy concept to understand for audiences. The Ninja Turtles fighting a bigger, meaner, eviler turtle? Sounds about right.
4. Old Hob
He’d be good in The Walking Dead
Old Hob is a new character that has so far only appeared in the IDW comic book series, which is amazing, and a highly recommended read. He’s an old, grizzled junk yard cart turned mutant terrorist, and that would be pretty awesome on screen. The Turtles need a wide variety of adversaries, and Old Hob is kind of a gangster and a scrapper, while also being a cat. And cats are adorable. Especially when they wear eye-patches like Old Hob.
3. Mondo Gecko
Kids are still into skateboarding, right?
Bad guys are great and all, but the Turtles need friends too! Not every mutant is a big, angry jerk who wants to dine on turtle soup! So bring on Mondo Gecko, the skateboard-loving crazy kid who wants to party and eat pizza more than Michelangelo! He doesn’t need to have much depth, because this is a Ninja Turtles sequel we’re talking about here. He just needs to be fun, crack wise and look cool next to the new, gargantuan Ninja Turtles. Plus just think of the cross-promotion they can do with Geico!
2. Wingnut & Screwloose
Batman is already really popular these days
This pick is based purely on personal interest, because Wingnut & Screwloose are my favorite characters! I loved bats as a kid (still do), and Wingnut was the bat character. It was a no-brainer! He’s a screwball alien bat with wimpy wings, so he had to build badass mechanical wings to help fly. And he’s got his own sidekick, which is always a plus. Usually these two are villains, which I suppose could work for the new movie. But I’d also be OK with a couple of weird, nerdy characters who hang from the ceiling and drink blood!
1. Mona Lisa
We need more female space heroes
We need a female mutant in the franchise, and we need her yesterday. In all honesty, there just aren’t very many female mutants at all in the entire Ninja Turtles franchise. There’s Venus de Milo, the female turtle that showed up in that crappy live action TV show in the 90s, and who TMNT co-creator Peter Laird hates with a fiery passion. So let’s forget about her and focus on Mona Lisa, the mutant salamander who most often gets paired up as Raphael’s girlfriend. I’m totally down with that. Raph’s the kind of guy who could use a woman’s touch.
Mona Lisa made a short appearance in the 1980s cartoon, and most prominently, she’s a main character in the fourth season of Nickelodeon’s new Ninja Turtles cartoon. She’s a badass alien salamander warrior, which is a description that could only work in Ninja Turtles. She’s cool, she’s as much a mutant as the Turtles, and she gets to be the romantic lead. Sounds like a solid threequel to me!
About Sean Ian Mills
Hello, this is Sean, the Henchman-4-Hire! By day I am a mild-mannered newspaper reporter in Central New York, and by the rest of the day I'm a pretty big geek when it comes to video games, comic books, movies, cartoons and more.
View all posts by Sean Ian Mills »
Posted on April 13, 2016, in Lists of Six!, Movies and tagged Ninja Turtles, Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows. Bookmark the permalink. Leave a comment.
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Category: AGW Propaganda
Inside The Sausage Factory
Posted on August 18, 2019 by Hifast
Reblogged from Watts up with That:
Willis Eschenbach / August 18, 2019
Guest Post by Willis Eschenbach
There’s an old saying that “Laws are like sausages. It’s better not to see either one being made” … and I fear the same is true for far too much of what passes for climate “science” these days.
However, ignoring such wise advice, I’ve taken another look under the hood at the data from the abysmal Nature Communications paper entitled “Discrepancies in scientific authority and media visibility of climate change scientists and contrarians.” My previous analysis of the paper is here on WUWT.
In that article, it says that the “Source Data files” for the article are located here. That seemed hopeful, so I looked at that page. There, they say:
We document the media visibility and climate change research achievements of two groups of individuals representing some of the most prominent figures in their respective domains: 386 climate change contrarians (CCC) juxtaposed with 386 expert climate change scientists (CCS). These data were collected from the Media Cloud project (MC), an open data project hosted by the MIT Center for Civic Media and the Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society at Harvard University.
Enclosed are raw MC data and parsed media article data files obtained from two types of MC database queries:
(i) ~105,000 media articles derived from the MC search query ”climate AND change AND global AND warming”;
(ii) 772 individual data files, for each member of the CCC and CCS groups, each derived from a single MC search query ”MemberFullName AND climate”.
Well hooray, that sounded great, that the raw data was “enclosed”. I was even happier to see that they’d provided the computer code they’d used, viz:
Source code: provided in a Mathematica (v11.1) notebook (MediaSource_Annotated_ALL_2256.nb using MediaSource_Annotated_ALL_2256.txt) reproduces the subpanels for Fig. 5 in the following research article
Outstanding, I thought, I have everything I need to replicate the study—the full code and data as used to do the calculations! That hardly ever happens … but then I noticed the caveat at the top of the page:
Data Files: This dataset is private for peer review and will be released on January 1, 2020.
Grrr … these jokers write a “scientific” paper and then they don’t release the code or the data for six months after publication? That’s not science, that a buncha guys engaged in what we used to call “hitchhiking to Chicago” accompanied by the appropriate obscene one-handed gesture with the thumb extended…
Undeterred, I went to take a look at the “Mediacloud” that they referred to. It’s an interesting dataset of hundreds of thousands of articles, and I’ll likely make use of it in the future. But it turns out that there was a huge problem … you can’t just enter e.g. “Willis Eschenbach” AND climate as their web page fatuously claims. You also need to specify just which sources you are searching, as well as the date range you’re interested in … and their information page says nothing about either one.
Now, in my list of media mentions in the Supplementary Information from their paper, there are only 40 results … but when I searched the entire Mediacloud dataset from 2001-01-01 to the present for my name plus “climate” as they say that they did, I got over 500 results … say what?
I’ve written to the corresponding author listed on that web page for clarification on this matter, but I’m not optimistic about the speed of his response … he may have other things on his mind at the moment.
Frustrated at Mediacloud, I returned to the paper’s data. In total there are over 60,000 media mentions between all of the 386 of us who are identified as “contrarians”. I decided to see which websites got the most mentions. Here are the top twenty, along with the number of times they were referenced:
lagunabeachindy.com: 6279
climatedepot.com: 4877
feedproxy.google.com: 3908
huffingtonpost.com: 2543
adsabs.harvard.edu: 1442
blogs.discovermagazine.com: 1115
thinkprogress.org: 871
desmogblog.com: 827
freerepublic.com: 709
dallasnews.com: 650
en.wikipedia.org: 641
theguardian.com: 609
democracynow.org: 515
examiner.com: 426
jonjayray.comuv.com: 411
salon.com: 398
web.archive.org: 384
nhinsider.com: 379
wattsupwiththat.com: 355
news.yahoo.com: 334
There are some real howlers in just these top twenty. First, as near as I can tell the most referenced site, the local California newspaper “Laguna Beach Independent” with 6,279 mentions, doesn’t contain any of the 386 listed names. Totally bogus, useless, and distorts the results in every direction.
Next, DeSmogBlog has 827 mentions … all of which will probably be strongly negative. After all, that’s their schtick, negative reviews of “contrarians”. I’ll return to this question of negative and positive mentions in a moment.
Then there’s “jonjayray.comuv.com” with 411 mentions, which is a dead link. Nobody home, the website is not “pining for the fjords” as they say.
And “feedproxy.google.com” seems to be an aggregator which often references a study or news article more than once. Here’s an example of such double-counting, from one person’s list of media mentions:
http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/firedoglake/fdl/~3/8KMa0w83rPo/,en,Firedoglake,809,247540225,CNBC Caught Soliciting Op-Ed Calling Climate Change A ‘Hoax’,2014-6-30
http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/firedoglake/fdl/~3/8KMa0w83rPo/,en,pamshouseblend.com,58791,247551206,CNBC Caught Soliciting Op-Ed Calling Climate Change A ‘Hoax’,2014-6-30″
Note that both of these links reference the same underlying document, “CNBC Caught Soliciting Op-Ed Calling Climate Change A ‘Hoax’”, but the document is located on two different websites. I didn’t have the heart or the time to find out how often that occurred … but the example above was from the very first person I looked at who had feedproxy.google.com in their list of mentions.
(I suppose I shouldn’t be surprised by the abysmal lack of quality control on their list of websites, because after all these authors are obviously devout Thermageddians … but still, those egregious errors were a real shock to me. My high school science teacher would have had a fit if we’d done that.)
Next, as I mentioned above, looking at that list I was struck by the fact that there is a huge difference between being mentioned on say DeSmogBlog, which will almost assuredly be a negative review, and being mentioned on ClimateDepot, which is much more likely to be positive in nature. But how could I quantify that?
To answer the question, I went back to Mediacloud. They have about a thousand websites which they have categorized as either Left, Center Left, Center, Center Right, or Right. So I decided to see how many times each category of websites was mentioned in the 60,000 media mentions for contrarians … here are those numbers.
Left: 6628
Center Left: 4051
Center: 2241
Center Right: 2056
Right: 4582
Total Left: 10679
Total Right: 6638
As you can see, there are about 50% more mentions on left-leaning websites than on right-leaning … so it appears quite possible that, rather than “contrarians” getting more good publicity than mainstream climate scientists as the paper claims, per their calculations “contrarians” are getting more bad publicity than mainstream climentarians.
Finally, before I left the subject and the website behind, I used Mediacloud to see how a couple of other people fared. Recall that all 396 of us “contrarians” garnered about 60,000 media mentions between us.
I first took a look at the media mentions of St. Greta of Thunberg, the Patron Saint of the Easily Led. Since she burst on the scene a few months ago, she has gotten no less than 36,517 mentions in the media, about 60% of the total of all the “contrarians” listed in their study.
I then looked at the man who has made more money out of climate hysteria than any living human being, the multimillionaire Climate Goracle, Mr. Al Gore himself. A search of Mediacloud for ‘”Al Gore” AND climate’ returned a total of 92,718 hits.
So while the clueless authors of this paper are so concerned about how much air time we “contrarians” get, between them just Al Gore and Greta Thunberg alone got twice the number of media mentions as all of us climate contrarians combined ….
Gotta say, every time I look at this heap of steaming bovine waste products it gets worse … but hopefully, this will be the last time I have to look at how this particular sausage was made.
Posted in AGW Propaganda, Alarmist Claims, News and media hyperbole, Uncategorized, Willis EschenbachLeave a comment
10 fallacies about Arctic sea ice & polar bear survival: teachers & parents take note
Posted on July 12, 2019 July 12, 2019 by Hifast
polarbearscience
Summer sea ice loss is finally ramping up: first year is disappearing, as it has done every year since ice came to the Arctic millions of years ago. But critical misconceptions, fallacies, and disinformation abound regarding Arctic sea ice and polar bear survival. Ahead of Arctic Sea Ice Day (15 July), here are 10 fallacies that teachers and parents especially need to know about.
The cartoon above was done by Josh: you can drop off the price of a beer (or more) for his efforts here.
As always, please contact me if you would like to examine any of the references included in this post. These references are what make my efforts different from the activist organization Polar Bears International. PBI virtually never provide references within the content it provides, including material it presents as ‘educational’. Links to previous posts of mine that provide expanded explanations, images, and…
Posted in AGW Propaganda, Alarmist Claims, Arctic, Climate Education, Training, Primers, Climate Models, Climate Policy, Cycles and Oscillations, Hudson Bay, Natural Variability, News and media hyperbole, Northwest Passage, Polar Bears, Polar Ice, Prediction Assessments, Prediction Fails, Predictions, Resiliency, Scientists Continuing Science, Sea Ice Extent, Sea Ice Volume, Susan Crockford, WildlifeLeave a comment
Climate scientists’ pre-traumatic stress syndrome
by Judith Curry
It’s getting worse.
Posted in AGW Propaganda, Alarmist Claims, Judith Curry, News and media hyperboleLeave a comment
Leftist Agenda and Climate Change Linked by Indoctrination Tactics
Posted on July 5, 2019 July 5, 2019 by Hifast
PA Pundits - International
Why is the same age group that helped to tear down the Iron Curtain now advocating for policies that would reduce freedoms? ~
Joe Bastardi ~
As a meteorologist in the private sector, wherein success is largely determined by forecasting skill, I cannot afford to be wrong. I was taught that studying the past helps one predict the future. This is the origin of my involvement in the climate debate, since the “worst ever” bloviating we see today can easily be challenged through examination of the past.
My politics are simple. I believe one should have as much freedom as possible to enjoy life, liberty, and pursue happiness. In my opinion, the role of government is to establish standards to maximize these freedoms. I assume no one has anything against life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. I also assume there is a large population of young people…
Posted in AGW Propaganda, Alarmist Claims, Climate Policy, Natural Variability, News and media hyperbole, Scientists Continuing Science, UncertaintyLeave a comment
Himalayan Glaciers–The Story The BBC Refuse To Tell You
Posted on June 30, 2019 June 30, 2019 by Hifast
By Paul Homewood
Images from Cold War spy satellites have revealed the dramatic extent of ice loss in the Himalayan glaciers.
Scientists compared photographs taken by a US reconnaissance programme with recent spacecraft observations and found that melting in the region has doubled over the last 40 years.
The study shows that since 2000, glaciers heights have been shrinking by an average of 0.5m per year.
The researchers say that climate change is the main cause.
“From this study, we really see the clearest picture yet of how Himalayan glaciers have changed,” Joshua Maurer, from Columbia University’s Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory in New York, told BBC News.
https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-48696023
As usual the BBC fail to explain the wider picture.
Posted in AGW Propaganda, Alarmist Claims, Climate History, Cycles and Oscillations, Glaciers, Natural Variability, News and media hyperbole, Precipitation and Rainfall, Prediction Assessments, Prediction Fails, Predictions, Snow Cover, SnowfallLeave a comment
Whatever happened to the Global Warming Hiatus?
Posted on June 24, 2019 by Hifast
Reblogged from Clive Best:
Posted on June 24, 2019 by Clive Best
The last IPCC assessment in 2013 showed a clear pause in global warming lasting 16 years from 1998 to 2012 – the notorious hiatus. As a direct consequence of this AR5 estimates of climate sensitivity were reduced and CMIP5 models appeared to clearly overestimate trends. Following the first release of HadCRUT4 in 2014 the ‘headline’ then was that 2005 and 2010 were marginally warmer than 1998. This was the first dent in removing the hiatus. Since then each new version of H4 has showed further incremental warming trends, such that by 2019 the hiatus has now completely vanished. Anyone mentioning it today is likely to be ridiculed by the climate science community. So how did this reversal happen within just 5 years? I decided to find out exactly why the post 1998 temperature record changed so dramatically in such a short period of time.
In what follows I always use the same algorithm as CRU for the station data and then blend that with the Hadley SST data. I have checked that I can reproduce exactly the latest HadCRUT4.6 results based on the current 7820 stations from CRU merged with HadSST3. Back in 2012 I downloaded the original station data from CRU – CRUTEM3. I have also downloaded the latest CRUTEM4 station data.
Figure 1 compares the latest HadCRUT4.6 results with the last version of HadCRUT3.
I had assumed that the reason for the apparent trend change was because CRUTEM4 had added many new weather stations in the Arctic (removing some in S.America as well), while additionally the SST data had also been updated (HadSST2 moved to HADSST3). However, as I show below, my assumption simply isn’t true.
To investigate I recalculated a ‘modern’ version of HadCRUT3 by using only the original 4100 stations (used by CRUTEM3) from CRUTEM4 station data. The list of these stations are defined here. I then merged these with both the older HadSST2 and HADSST3 to derive annual global temperature anomalies. Figure 2 shows the result. I get almost exactly the same values as the full 7820 stations in HadCRUT4. It certainly does not reproduce HadCRUT3 !
This result provides two conclusions.
Modern CRUTEM3 stations give a different result to the original CRUTEM3 stations.
SST data is not responsible for the difference between HadCRUT4 and HadCRUT3
To confirm point 1) I used exactly the same code to regenerate HadCRUT3 temperature series using the original CRUTEM3 station data as opposed to the ‘modern’ values based on CRUTEM4.
The original CRUTEM3 station data I had previously downloaded in 2012. These are combined with HADSST2 data. Now we see that the agreement with the H3 annual temperatures is very good, and indeed reproduces the hiatus.
So the conclusion is very simple. The monthly temperature values in over 4000 CRUTEM3 stations have all been continuously changed, and it is these changes alone that have resulted in transforming the 16 year long hiatus in global warming into a rising temperature trend. Furthermore all these updates have only affected temperatures AFTER 1998! Temperatures before 1998 have hardly changed at all, which is the second requirement needed to eliminate the hiatus.
P.S. I am sure there are excellent arguments as to why pair-wise ‘homogenisation’ is wonderful but why then does it only affect data after 1998 ?
Posted in AGW Propaganda, Bad Data and Measurements, Data, Data Manipulation, Land Surface, TemperaturesLeave a comment
Climate science’s ‘masking bias’ problem
How valid conclusions often lay hidden within research reports, masked by plausible but unjustified conclusions reached in those reports. And how the IPCC institutionalizes such masking errors in climate science.
Posted in AGW Propaganda, Alarmist Claims, Debate, Judith Curry, Must Reads, Predictions, Scientists Continuing Science, Scientists Corrupting ScienceLeave a comment
Activists who use polar bears as a symbol of climate change are out of touch with reality
Posted on June 3, 2019 June 4, 2019 by Hifast
Young activists like Ollie Nancarrow from the UK need to find another symbol for their messages of climate change. Polar bears are thriving despite recent dramatic declines in summer sea ice: they have not been devastated as predicted by declining summer sea ice blamed on climate change. Anyone who uses a polar bear image to further a message of climate change, as Ollie has done, is simply out of touch with reality.
Here are the facts, references provided.
In September 2007, Arctic sea ice hit a low never before seen since 1979 and panic set in about the future of polar bears. Biologists from the US Geological Survey had just insisted that when sea ice declined 42% below 1979 levels, which was expected at mid-century, 2/3 of the world’s polar bears would be gone (Amstrup et al. 2007; USGS 2007) – a drop from about 24,500 to only 8,100.
Posted in AGW Propaganda, Alarmist Claims, Arctic, Natural Variability, News and media hyperbole, Polar Bears, Polar Ice, Susan Crockford, WildlifeLeave a comment
GHCN v3.3 vs v4 Anomaly Graphs – Europe
Posted on June 3, 2019 by Hifast
From Musings from the Chiefio:
[Bottom Line Up Front: “…there is a “Tailoring” operation going on. The changes are NOT just a little fix up here and a correction there. It looks to me like it has direction and purpose. Cool the Baseline Period. Cool warm past periods. Warm the recent data UNLESS it is too high in the last 2 decades, then you cool them so the nearest data can look warmer in comparison. Stamp out cold periods in the middle. Remove cool periods recently if not already suppressed. The question that remains for me is just: “Is that an accident from ignoring the effects of Instrument Change, or a deliberate planned act?”]
Posted on 3 June 2019 by E.M.Smith
The Climates of Europe
Europe ranges from the frozen to the deserts of the Middle East. Most of the countries are geographically small, but terrain can vary dramatically in short distances. Just look at the change from Switzerland to the Mediterranean coast of northern Italy. I’ll try to take things in a reasonable order that allows for better comparing one set of graphs to a nearby country. For much of Europe, water dominates, as there are coastlines on the Atlantic, North Sea, Norwegian Sea / Arctic, Black Sea, Baltic Sea, Mediterranean, etc. etc. For other bits, mountains and inland conditions dominate. But being compact, the larger external drivers tend to be the same over many neighboring countries and their graphs ought to be comparable. Ireland and the UK, or the Baltic States for example.
Here’s the Koopen Climate map from the wiki:
Euope Koppen Climaate Map
You will need to look at the Middle East for some of the countries included in “Europe” from the GHCN point of view, so here’s that climate map:
Middle East Koppen Climate Map
As GHCN v3.3 divided Russia and Kazakhstan into a European part and an Asian part, but v4 does not, I’ve moved the European part of the data into Asia for the comparison graphs, so those countries are in the Asian graph posting. For our purposes, Europe stops at the Russian Border, not the Urals.
I’ve done a general grouping of countries into bands that more or less follow the map of climate zones. I was not rigorous about it. So some countries might be more properly compared to a different set of nearby countries. Let the map be your guide for your own comparisons.
In general, I start with the Middle East / bit of Mediterranean band, then work along the Mediterranean to the Atlantic coastal countries, and back across the more inland nations, finally turning to those with coastlines on the Baltic Sea and Arctic Ocean. Moving from hotter to colder with the volatile inland areas in the middle.
So to some extent my groupings were just to make the process more orderly rather than strict climate matches. But it ought to put comparable places next to similar neighbors most of the time.
I’ve made a quick first comment on each of these countries. Of neccesity, given the number, these are at best a cursory look and some sniditude sprinkled in. This group desperately needs some “Crowd Sourced” scrutiny of the graphs. I’ve flagged a couple that are particularly dodgy, and noted The Usual “drop the baseline 1/2 C raise the present about 1/2 C” and the frequent “The Jump” about 1990-2000 (that likely correlates with MMTS rollouts, IMHO… but needs a good “Dig Here!” for each country).
One other theme is the frequent 1C to 2.5 C range of “change to history”. IF our v3.3 data were really that crappy in 2015, what evidence proves it is any less crappy now? How do you find 1/2 C of “Global Warming” from CO2 inside 2 C of “random error” and maybe another 1 C of “thermometer changed; moved near buildings for the wire”?
It just looks to me like the data are crap and being “massaged”, with each release, to fit a narrative. That’s my opinion; I hope you will look at the graphs and form your own.
With that, here’s Europe:
Here are the countries of Europe per GHCN. You will note many of the abbreviations do not match the names. That is due to the names changing over time, different native language spelling, etc. Also note that R! and K!, the European parts of Russia and Kazakhstan in GHCN v3.3 are not graphed here, so we subtract 2 from the 57 total lines to get 55 “countries” for graphing:
MariaDB [temps]> source bin/Europe.sql
+------+-------+--------+----------------------------+
| cnum | abrev | region | cname |
| 601 | AL | 6 | Albania |
| 602 | AM | 6 | Armenia |
| 603 | AU | 6 | Austria |
| 604 | AJ | 6 | Azerbaijan |
| 605 | BO | 6 | Belarus |
| 606 | BE | 6 | Belgium |
| 607 | BK | 6 | Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| 608 | BU | 6 | Bulgaria |
| 609 | HR | 6 | Croatia |
| 610 | CY | 6 | Cyprus |
| 611 | EZ | 6 | Czech Republic |
| 612 | DA | 6 | Denmark |
| 613 | EN | 6 | Estonia |
| 614 | FI | 6 | Finland |
| 615 | FR | 6 | France |
| 616 | GG | 6 | Georgia |
| 617 | GM | 6 | Germany |
| 653 | GI | 6 | Gibraltar [United Kingdom] |
| 618 | GR | 6 | Greece |
| 699 | GK | 6 | Guernsey |
| 619 | HU | 6 | Hungary |
| 620 | IC | 6 | Iceland |
| 621 | EI | 6 | Ireland |
| 698 | IM | 6 | Isle of Man |
| 622 | IS | 6 | Israel |
| 623 | IT | 6 | Italy |
| 697 | JN | 6 | Jan Mayen [Norway] |
| 693 | JE | 6 | Jersey |
| 624 | JO | 6 | Jordan |
| 625 | K! | 6 | Kazakhstan E |
| 626 | LG | 6 | Latvia |
| 627 | LE | 6 | Lebanon |
| 696 | LS | 6 | Liechtenstein |
| 628 | LH | 6 | Lithuania |
| 629 | LU | 6 | Luxembourg |
| 648 | MK | 6 | Macedonia |
| 630 | MT | 6 | Malta |
| 631 | MD | 6 | Moldova |
| 632 | MJ | 6 | Montenegro |
| 695 | MH | 6 | Montserrat |
| 633 | NL | 6 | Netherlands |
| 634 | NO | 6 | Norway |
| 635 | PL | 6 | Poland |
| 636 | PO | 6 | Portugal |
| 637 | RO | 6 | Romania |
| 638 | R! | 6 | Russia E |
| 639 | RI | 6 | Serbia |
| 641 | LO | 6 | Slovakia |
| 642 | SI | 6 | Slovenia |
| 643 | SP | 6 | Spain |
| 694 | SV | 6 | Svalbard [Norway] |
| 645 | SW | 6 | Sweden |
| 646 | SZ | 6 | Switzerland |
| 647 | SY | 6 | Syria |
| 649 | TU | 6 | Turkey |
| 650 | UP | 6 | Ukraine |
| 651 | UK | 6 | United Kingdom |
55 is a LOT of countries and that’s 110 graphs. That’s one long posting. Due to that, I’m going to divide Europe into several parts. Middle East near the Mediterranean and including bits in the Cacasus, then across the Mediterranean coastal areas, at France & Spain we transition to countries that are also Atlantic Coastal, pick up Portugal, the UK, and others before heading back inland across the inland countries. Finally making the turn up the Baltics and into the Nordic countries.
This may not end up an equal number of nations in each grouping, but it will tend to group together those nations with similar environments.
Middle East & Black Sea:
IS Israel
JO Jordan
LE Lebanon
SY Syria
CY Cyprus
TU Turkey
AM Armenia
AJ Azerbaijan
GG Georgia
Mediterranean:
AL Albania
MJ Montenegro
BK Bosnia and Herzegovina
MT Malta
SP Spain
GI Gibraltar
PO Portugal
EI Ireland
IM Isle of Mann
GK Guernsey
JE Jersey
MH Montserrat
Inland:
GM Germany
EZ Czech Republic
LO Slovakia
AU Austria
LS Liechtenstein
SZ Switzerland
RI Serbia
BU Bulgaria
MD Moldova
UP Ukraine
BO Belarus
Nordic & Baltic:
LH Lithuania
LG Latvia
EN Estonia
SW Sweden
DA Denmark
JN Jan Mayen [Norway]
SV Svalbard [Norway]
IC Iceland
Should you need to look up where one of these countries is located, here is the Political Map of Europe (click or open in a new tab to embiggen):
Political Map of Europe from mapofeurope.com
Do note that the political map of Europe is subject to rapid and unexpected changes and has been in such rapid flux since at least the Greeks and Persians “arguments” and well before the Roman Empire rearranged the whole thing (not to mention the Holy Roman Empire). Then there were the W.W.I and W.W.II changes, and most recently Russia trimming a bit off Ukraine. Just realize the data often dates from times when the country was a different country, different size, shape, and sometimes location. (Poland got shifted over about 300 km, at the end of W.W.II.) How these specific geographical changes are accounted for in the data is a minor “Dig Here!”. Just don’t expect this political map to be precise in 20 years. Or perhaps even next week… /snark;
The Graphs
For most countries there are two graphs. The second one typically shows the v3.3 “anomaly” average for a given country with one dot for each year of data, and the v4 anomaly average for the same country for the same years. You might expect them to mostly be the same, after all, it isn’t like we can go back to 1800s Spain and install some more thermometers. Yet they are typically different. This seems very odd to me as this is the “Un-adjusted” data set.
The GHCN documentation goes out of their way to state that the upstream national Bureau Of Meteorology might well do their own adjusting, but the changes seen across so many countries are so similar that some systematic changes must be happening after collection of the data. Is this a “Quality control” process? Is it mining historical records to collect missing data points? Is it just using more thermometers so “instrument change” artifacts show up? Is it a deliberate “Data Diddle”? Is it “homogenization” that is not being called an “adjustment”? Does it matter what is the cause?
The first graph in each set is just the difference between the v3.3 and v4 anomaly dots on the second graph. This makes it much easier to see the changes and any patterns in them. What you might expect to see would be a mostly straight line at zero as most historical data ought not change, Perhaps one or two years where a spot is off zero as some data were filled in, or an instrument was found to have errors in the reporting that were correctable (Say during an overlap of two instruments during an upgrade, and which instrument was used in the average was changed). You would especially expect that THE most recent data from our best and newest instruments would be most stable. That isn’t what you will actually see. Often, the most recent data changes the most. Odd that.
A note on the “Baseline Period”: NASA GISS uses 1950-1980 as a “baseline” for computing anomalies. Hadley uses 1960-1990. The creators of GHCN load up the data set with extra records for more instruments during that “Baseline Period” spanning about 1950 to 1990. It is my opinion that this biases the data. One simple example (that we saw in the Africa graphs) is that the more instruments you have, in more places, the harder it is to have an extreme event in the data. You might have a cold hail dump in a very small area, or an opening in cloud cover causing a warm spike, and get a couple of C of movement. But over a larger area, those small scale events tend to be averaged out. For this reason the early years of data often have a much wider range of the “anomaly” as there is only one instrument. As more records are made from more instruments, this range narrows. Now, what is truly odd, is that after the Baseline Period there is a large reduction in the number of instrument records used; yet the range continues to narrow for most countries. Something else is going on with the recent data.
To avoid those “Baseline Artifacts”, I compute these anomalies without a baseline. How? For each instrument record, for each month of the years, I add up all the data points and find the average. The instrument record is only compared with itself, and only within each individual month. Each monthly data point is then differenced with the average for that month for that instrument record to find the anomaly for that data point. For example, if the Rome Airport record in June is averaged and found to be (a hypothetical) 31 C and June of 1948 was found to be 32.4 C then the anomaly would be +1.4 C. Then all the anomalies for a given year inside a given country are averaged to make the ‘spot” on the anomaly graphs below.
In this way no “baseline” is needed. June in Rome has an average monthly temperature and it ought to be representative across all years. IF this June is warmer than the average of all past Junes, then it is a warm June. Where this “has issues” is that it will change the average as more data is added in a given instrument record. If, for example, the most recent years of v4 are all hotter, then the v4 average will be slightly hotter and then the “anomaly” of older data will be lower as the difference from a hotter average will be greater. Since v3.3 was in use through 2015, there are only 3 years additional data in v4 (out of a set that spans over 200 years) so this effect ought to be small. Should one wish to eliminate it entirely, the v4 data could be truncated in 2016. As my goal is to find and illuminate sources of change, not average them away and hide them, I prefer to emphasize what is happening in the data and make visible what otherwise might be hidden in the more traditional processes. Do note that even using a “baseline period”, in the example given, the present data would show as abnormally warm and the general distribution of the anomaly plots would be substantially the same
Part of my goal is to illuminate how just using “anomalies” does NOT fix issues of instrument change. The assertion is made that instrument changes do not matter as the data are used as anomalies. Well, here I’m using anomalies and instrument change DOES matter. It is my belief that it matters when using a baseline period as well (just harder to demonstrate).
So keep in mind that these graphs are for the purpose of discovering issues while the usual processing is for the purpose of removing issues (or covering them up). Different purposes require different approaches.
With that, we’ll start our “European” tour in the Middle East, and over toward countries of the Caucasus.
I’m going to describe some of the things we see in the graphs in more detail here. Later I’ll refer to them in a more shorthand way. So reading this description and a bit of study of this set of graphs is helpful for all the other comments.
Over 2 C range in the changes, the non-adjustment adjustments between v3.3 and v4. Here we see the (by now) classic pattern of cooling the past with most of the time before about 1940 dropped by 1/4 to 1/3 C, some as much as -1 C. Then the transition to warming the data at about 1980. Finally, in the 2000’s, we see something more like fine tuning. Raise a little here, take a tuck there, and you get a nice trend at the end out of otherwise more scattered data.
Looking at the anomaly plot we see a few, by now classic, features. There’s a big “Dip” in the “baseline period” from 1950 to 1990 with very few hot years and a much narrower range of the data. The very first years range more broadly (likely due to just one instrument in the record). A line laid across at about the +1C level intersects similar anomalies in the pre-1940 period as in the post 2010 period. Part of what makes this interesting is that in the recent data for most of the GHCN there are far fewer thermometer records than in earlier years, so is the “hot now” just an artifact of returning to fewer instruments? A similar line at about -1C has most of the data riding just on top of it between about 1880 and 1990, with scattered outlier years 1/2 C to 1 C below it. Then “something happens”. Suddenly all the “low going anomaly” years never get below zero. Between 1900 and 1990, the range of the volatility of years is about 2 C (from +1c to -1C) yet after 2000 it is closer to 1 C or even less than that. Did yearly weather volatility really end? Or is some processing done to the data removing cold excursions? Were instruments in places prone to cold excursions dropped from the record?
We see that in the data for California. All four of the current stations in GHCN v3 were “on the beach”. One in San Francisco, 3 down near Los Angeles. It just is not possible to have a very cold excursion there. Gone are the data from the high cold snowy Sierra Nevada, the inland northern areas that freeze hard in a Canada Express. I suspect this happens around the world too, but have not mined the data to find out (yet). So an open “Dig Here!” is to find out just why the Israel data suddenly stops having any cold years. After all, we’ve recently had abnormal snow in the Middle East with “once in a lifetime” snowfall in some areas. You would expect that to show up as a cold year “anomaly”, yet it doesn’t. Why?
Looking at the red spots vs black we find them much colder in the deep past, typically moved above the black spots more recently. Then there is what looks like the reduction of range in v4 vs v3.3; where some spots further from the mass of the data get pulled closer. That’s a bit harder to just “eyeball” and so is an object for future statistical analysis. Is some “QA Process” being used to compress the accepted range of data?
Finally, I note one other thing I’ve seen a few times. THE most recent red dot is not far from zero. Hmmm… how can it be constantly accumulating heat when so many of the countries of the world are, right now, just about average? Yet the past got colder… Also, it is often the case that the data from the prior decade or two gets changed a LOT but the most recent year or two doesn’t. It is as though there is an attempt to reduce the “SCREAMING HOT!!!” claims of the mid-2000s so that the present data points looks hottest. We see some of that here with some of the post-2000 data points pulled down to below the +1 C line.
Overall, it just looks very “un-physical” the way the baseline period drops, then post-baseline has very narrow range and a huge “flip” upward (often narrowing to a point – I’ve taken to calling that a “Duck Tail” as it reminds me of one. Israel has a recent near zero data point that kind of mutes the effect, but it’s still visible). What would be expected is that the range of prior years ought to be preserved in the present, and the whole mass of data ought to “turn upward” if there were “Global Warming”. Essentially the parallelogram of data ought to be preserved, but bend. Instead we see a reshaping of the data from a 2 C wide “band” into a 1/2 C wide flip / spike; then the present data point stuck on the end. It just looks very very wrong and “manicured”.
Now, just for a moment, scroll down one country and look at the anomaly plot for Jordan. These two countries are almost on top of each other. At one point Israel is only about 10 miles wide, IIRC. They share a border at the Jordan River. You would expect their two anomaly graphs to be almost identical (perhaps with a bit more range for Jordan as it is a little more inland). Yet they are quite different. How does coastal Israel warm almost 2 C out of the “baseline period” while more inland Jordan only manages 1 C? Whatever is causing the changes is at odds with known geology, physics, and weather patterns. In general, comparing neighbor countries leads me to believe that it is instrument issues and siting issues “shaping the data” more than anything to do with CO2.
Why did CO2, constantly accumulating and with much more impact in the first bit of accumulation than in the latest (it has a decreasing effect from more additions as it has already done what it will do…), why did it “wait” from the onset of significant production in the 1930s all the way to about 1995 before having any effect in the Israeli data? Why is it that ONLY after the year 2000 does CO2 suddenly suppress cold years? IMHO, the answer is that “it doesn’t”. Something else is “shaping the data” and it isn’t CO2.
What happened about 1990 to 2000 across all the various countries? There are a couple of highly likely suspects, IMHO. We generally converted from “Liquid in glass” thermometers to electronic MMTS instruments. These use electrical power and have a wire connecting them to a building. This means they often had to be closer to buildings than in the past. Concrete and tarmac are known to suppress cold anomalies as they soak up heat during the day and give it back at night. Furthermore, there is a strong bias toward using airport data (shown in the earlier v2 analysis) and airports changed from grass fields to minor asphalt runways to 10000 feet of wide concrete at Jet Ports over the years. Furthermore, we’ve had massive airport expansion with hectares of tarmac and concrete poured out for parking areas, taxiways, and more. Then, burning tons of kerosene per hour tends to keep the local air a bit warmer… As does removing all the snow for winter operations. That kind of thing matches the appearance of the data far better than does a decreasing effect with onset in about 1950 from accumulating CO2.
OK, this was the “deep dive” on reading a set of graphs. From here on out it will be much shorter notes. You know what to look for now and how to look for it, so I’m just going to toss in things that strike my fancy.
Over a 2 C range of “changes”. Generally everything prior to 1985 cools, with the notable exception that the 1950s data go a bit nuts. Recent “best quality” data with 3/4 C range to the diddle factor.
Compared to Israel, Jordan looks a lot less “manicured”. Hardly any “Duck Tail” at all. Range of data stays around 2 C anomaly until after 2000. We again have the odd bit that the last dot is “near zero” and just prior data got changed.
Overall, not really seeing “warming” in Jordan.
Oh God is this one a mess. over 2 C range to the “changes”? Really? On this we base paranoid delusions about a 1/2 C of “Global Warming”?
At least the data cut off in 2000 for the comparison. (We get to just “eyeball” the v4 data in the second graph). Pretty much a mess, though, with a bit of overall warming of the deep past but between 1900 and 1980 a whole lot of “cooling the past”.
It is quite possible that the recent anomaly data goes “off scale” of this graph. Generally, when data points plotted very near the upper bounds I’d replot with wider bounds and find more spots. This was enough of a mess I didn’t see the value.
We get “the usual” dip in the baseline then post about 1995 a sudden Jump Up of about 2 C, yet recent data points are nearer the zero anomaly line. So despite all that, no “Global Warming” in Lebanon, eh? So what happened to the data between 1990 and 2010? CO2 doesn’t act for only 2 decades, then stop.
Pretty much bombed to rubble now, so recent data not good for much. How much did history change?
Some minor cooling of the past in the baseline period of about 1/4 C, a strange “dip” around 2000, then things go crazy with 2.5 C range of changes.
A very sparse plot. Looks like v4 added some historical data pre-1950. We get “the usual” dip in the baseline period though more centered on 1970 – 1990. Present temperatures about zero anomaly. Lines at +1C and -1C pretty much bound the mass of the data with similar outliers over the line (modulo the drop-out in the baseline)… until 2000 when low going data are gone. We see this a lot.
Island, surrounded by warm water. Ought not change much.
BUT, we get over 2 C range of changes of the past. Scattered all over the place. Then, post the dropout around 1990, all the data are warmed about 1/2 C.
Looking at the anomaly plot, it is pretty much bounded by a line at +0.75C and -1C until 2000. Then the lower bound shifts up to about the zero line and we get some hot anomalies in the +1.75 range. What causes a “step function” like that? Instrument change does. CO2 not so much…
Turkey had complained that GHCN was only using the few thermometers that showed warming and ignoring the ones that showed cooling. Wonder if that “sensitized” folks to not fool with Turkey? Looks like some W.W.I data got adjusted.
This is more nearly what you would expect the difference graphs to look like. Almost all the data points at or near zero. A couple of places where some historical issue might have been found, and fixed (and that ought to be annotated in footnotes… but isn’t). I do find it odd that we’ve got an over 1 C change in the most recent data, though only one year.
The anomaly plot is more like I’d expect to see also. Range “about the same” over most of the graph. Lines about +1.25 C and -1.25 C contain most of the data points with similar “outlier” years over time. The only really odd bit is the way, again, cold excursions end in 2000 and we get a kind of short fat “duck tail” (maybe more like a goat tail 😉
This kind of difference graph just shouts “data quality or data diddle” issues. You have a rather stochastic 1/2 C of change spread pretty much over all years. What on earth justifies that? Is it an artifact of adding in / changing what thermometers were in use? If so, how can we claim 1/2 C of “Global Warming” when it could just be instrument changes that are ignored (and happen in ALL the data)?
Not much to see here, really. A bit of general cooling of the past, but mostly just note that the range of “normal” is wider at about +1.75C and -2C. Recent data not outside that range significantly. Only really “odd bit” is (again) the loss of cold anomalies after 2000.
Odd changes here. There’s a flat zero lead-in segment (what I’d expect to see in a lot more countries) then all the anomalies drop by 1/4C to 1/2 C. Mostly I’d suspect they added another instrument record in Azerbaijan and that induced some jitter in the yearly averages. At least, that’s the “Dig Here!” I’d look for first.
Interesting shape to this anomaly plot. It looks like the “embarassing” pre-1880 data with a warm bit were dropped. A line at -1C has cold anomalies below it pretty much across the board. After 2000, there’s still a couple, but the space above the line has fewer between it and the zero line; so still some strong “thinning” of the cold anomalies going on. IF you include that 1875 data, a line at the +1 point shows not much changing at all until the post-2000 era when you get a few years jumping up by 2C to almost 3C of anomaly. Yet others at almost -3C anomaly. This graph likely ought to be redone with 4 / -4 range to assure there’s nothing further out.
How does it work that the most recent ‘best ever’ data has the most variation and change in the “unadjusted” data?
A line at +1C / -1C contains a pretty much rectangular mass of data with modest excursions, up until the post 2000 era. Then it pops up to +2C to +3C. Nothing below +1C. Wonder if they had an airport renovation? It certainly isn’t CO2 gradually accumulating over 1/2 century.
We now move to the Mediterranean coastline. You might argue with some of my choices about Atlantic vs Mediterranean, for places like France that are a bit of both. But the grouping of the graphs doesn’t prevent you scrolling down to look at and compare whatever you like. I’ve tried to group things that I think can be easily compared, closer to each other.
These places ought to be strongly water moderated and with very flat temperature anomaly plots. Their temperatures ought to track somewhat the local water temperatures. Cyprus, up above, could be compared here, too.
Interesting difference graph. before 1900 has a bit of a dip, after that a similar size rise until the 1950 start of the baseline period when it starts to dance around by about 1/2 C all over the place.
Not much “Global Warming” visible in the anomalies for Greece. the range of 1.5 C in the early years narrows a bit by 1900 likely as more thermometers show up. It stays about between the +/-1 C lines until 1960 when we “take a dip” of about 1 C for the baseline tops, then post 2000 we get ‘the usual” loss of stuff below the -1/2 C anomaly point The most recent data point being below zero, “Global Warming Has Left the Parthenon!”… 😉 There’s a couple of high stragglers in the prior years of the 20-teens but not dramatically higher than the 1C normal range line and similar to the 1920’s data
Way to go Greece! Singlehandedly conquering “Global Warming”!
Similar ‘near zero’ line of no changes in the deeper past, then 1/2 C of “jitter” in the “recent” data (up to about 1990). Wonder why v3.3 cut off in 1990?
Ah, that explains it. It was cooling then…
So is that 1900s data to be believed? BOTH v3.3 and v4 keep it in, so I’d say so. It is nicely warmer than now…
A line at +1 C “takes a dip” in the 1970-1990 part of the baseline period, but both the 1930s and the recent period are about the same. No “Global Warming” here, either. Again, the latest data point is below zero, so cool in Macedonia. We do see a “thinning out” of low going anomalies after 2000, and if you removed the latest data point you would have a nice Duck Tail, but the only warming is statistical via averaging away the present cold data point into several just prior warm ones (just call it ‘weather’ and ignore it), and using the “dip” in the baseline period as, well, your baseline…
Compared in total, there is no warming. Just a cold dip in the “new little ice age” ’70s.
In some ways not interesting. In others interesting in that this is how it ought to look (minus the hole of missing data…) with a very flat run of almost nothing changing up to 1980. Then there’s a little “tuck” in the baseline period of about 1/2 C but only for 1/2 decade of it. The big gap of 20 years is bit odd, though.
So v4 adds some data prior to 1950 and puts some “in the gap”. OK. A line at about -0.8 C looks to connect the bottoms, with the most recent data right down there in the “We’re COLD not warming” end of things. A line at about +1 C connects the “new” data from 1940s with the data from about 2009 as both ride just on top of it.
Overall, it looks to me like, at best, there’s a cycle with peaks in 1945 and 2010 (so about a 65 year span) and at worst theres some data doctoring going on in the baseline period to make a bit of dip so ‘the present’ looks warm in comparison.
Oh Gawd! Cool the past by 1/2 C, then after the 1990 end of the baseline period, go nuts with 3.5 C range of “changes”? How can you possibly use that to say anything about Climate? From one “version” of “the same data” to another a 3.5 C range of random changes?
The anomaly plot shows the expected “dip” in the baseline period but otherwise a line at +/- 1C bounds the bulk of the anomalies. Recent “data” have both high and low “fliers” in the 1-2 range and -1 to -2 range. Double the number above than below, so statistically it will average to “warmer”, but it isn’t. It’s just more wild and random changes in the data.
Now that’s the way to sculpt data! Drop the past by a full 1 C, and fairly consistently too! Then warm the present by up to 1 C, but with some random variation so it doesn’t look too suspicious.
And just look at the result! A marvelous tilted set of temperatures rising from -2 C anomaly to +2 C anomaly. Just beautiful!
But, uh, fellas, you do know that CO2 is only supposed to have caused 1/2 C of warming so far, right? That other 3.5 C of warming is kind of an embarrassment…
This is what I’d expect to see from added instruments in one set vs the other. Sort of a ‘snake in a tunnel’ effect with semi-random wandering between bounds in about a 1/2 C range. Then we hit the ‘baseline period’ of 1950 and that range just compresses right out as more instrument records are loaded up in that range.
The expected “dip” in the baseline, but otherwise a line at +1C nicely catches most of the tops… until 1995. Similarly, a line at -1C catches most of the bottoms, though there’s a strong dip in 1940 but it looks like that is slowly being erased.
Then, just after 1995 we get a very strong turn upward in the whole mass of the data. I note that the 2000-2010 data for v3.3 look to have been cooled down so more recent data can look ‘hottest evah!”. So sculpting that v4 data into a more finely pointed Duck Tail.
Then, no cold recent data point for these folks, no sirree. A good solid +1.5 C hot anomaly for them. Ignore those other countries nearby with a very cold “now”…
Somehow I don’t think CO2 would have hung around making things cooler through 1990 and then suddenly make it warmer by 1C almost overnight…
Another difference graph that’s a real mess. From -1 C cooling in the early 1960s to +1.75 warming added in the 1990s? Just what the heck is going on with this “historical” data?
Then that shape we’ve gotten far too familiar with. Nearly nothing changing until the 1990s or so. Small dip centered on 1975 in the baseline period. Then “WHACK!” it’s suddenly 2 C hotter and no low going anomalies below zero after about 2010.
So the assertion is that CO2 causes a +2 C change, in one decade. NOTHING before that. Right? Bueller? Bueller?…
WOW. Deep past changes by at least +2 C (and may have gone off my graph range), then they cool most of the past by about another 1/2 C, then run up the recent data by 1/2 C. Looks like Italy is with the program of Data Diddle.
Well, I can see why they needed that much “change of historical record”. Just look at those hot 1800s black spots. Those just had to go! (Nobody cares about the 1700s so you can ignore them. No, really. GIStemp cuts off the data in 1880 and Hadley in 1850 IIRC.) There’s a very severe “dip” in the baseline period then “the usual” flip up after 2000. Still, a line laid at +1C (use a ruler on your screen if you need to) has more spots above it in the past than recently. Any “warming” comes as a statistical artifact from the severe pruning of low going cold years after 2000. MMTS at airports anyone? Or just what ever caused that 1/2 C warming of the “historical record” in v3.3 to v4?
Little island. Middle of the water. Not a lot of places for changing of location. So no real surprise almost all the “differences” are a straight line at about zero. Does look like a bit of effort to erase the “hot 1930s” and then a lot of nice cold added to the baseline period. Starting in 1960, so these are European centric folks as it’s only the USA that starts the baseline in 1950…
You will note that I got bored about here and started playing with the color. Many of the graphs after this have BLUE for the v3.3 anomaly dots. It was reaching the point where seeing black vs red was getting blurry… Hey, I’ve done about 200 “countries” by now! I think the blue is a little easier to see, at least on my monitor.
So lay a line at about the +1 C point. 1860-75 warm, 1949 warm (good thing it was just outside the baseline, so it didn’t need cooling!) and about the same now. For the BLUE dots. Then the red gets cooled a tiny in the past, raised some in the very recent period, and those bothersome “very hot years” from the late 90s-2000 push for $$$ get cooled down so as not to upstage the present.
We have a very fine plunge of over 1 C in the baseline period then a sharp pivot in 1980 with a straight line shot up by 2 C to now. Couldn’t do better with a chisle.
Then the very latest data point is left alone so nobody notices. Yeah, it’s at -1 C anomaly. It’s cold. You can fix it next year… Besides, in the averages nobody will see it. Just call it weather and move on.
OMG what a mess. 1.2 C colder deep past, baseline only 1/4 C colder. Recent data about 1/4 C of lift.
Guess it needed all that diddle to deal with those warm temperatures in the 1800s. It is essentially flat highs at about +0.8 C right up to 1990. Then the cold bound runs about -1 C past that cold dip of 1975 and THEN runs up after about 1990.
It really looks like a big bite was taken out of the highs in the “Baseline Period” and another out of the lows after 2000.
Rock, stuck on the side of Spain. Lots of water. Some the more volatile Atlantic.
What can you do with all that stability and water…. I know, change the data!
So the past gets about a solid 3/10 C of cooling, then recent data get a good 0.5 C of warming. +0.8 C overall change of slope just from the changes of the data between v3.3 and v4. As there can’t be that many official recording stations on The Rock, so change of actual locations recorded is limited, one wonders what did change?
But desperate times call for desperate measures. Clearly with that mountain of hot in 1875 something had to be done to warm up the trend. So the past gets The Big Chill, and then post 1975 gets The Burn.
Oh, and once again I note that it is the loss of post baseline lows where all the “warming” happens, not in actually higher highs.
Yeah, technically more Atlantic (that starts just one more down) but I left it here as it shares the peninsula with Spain and Gibraltar.
Not much changing in sleepy Portugal. 1/4 C cooling of the deep past and the baseline period. Some quasi-random jitter likely from changing what thermometers are in the set.
Hot mostly bounded by about a 0.8 C line with a couple of ‘fliers’ recently. Latest data points maybe 1/4 C above average. Nice stable pleasant. Bit of a dip in the baseline period. The hot 1930s-40s of elsewhere shows up here as a small loss of lows. Looks like that one cold year about 1998 gets warmed up some. Then anything “below average” or below the zero line is just gone.
I’m still wondering how CO2 causes (or even just allows) that Big Dip in the baseline (when we were all driving Muscle Cars that got 10 MPG over here) and then causes a sudden onset 1C rise in the lows after the 1990s (when it became Politically Correct to be a Warmista…)
There’s a whole bunch of islands around Ireland and the UK. These all ought to look almost the same. Same water. Same climate. Lots of water to dampen temperature swings.
Not much in the way of changes. Odd that the “best more recent” data have the widest range of change.
Doesn’t look like much Global Warming to me. Lines at +/-1 C pretty much bound the data. Last v4 data point a full 1 C up, but is that weather or is it wishful thinking? Hard to say.
This one really calls out for two trend lines on the blue and the red to see if any diddle was applied. That’s something for later.
No data in v3.3 so all we get is the v4 data:
MariaDB [temps]> SELECT COUNT(deg_C) FROM anom3 WHERE abrev=’IM’;
| COUNT(deg_C) |
You would never think this was in the same general area surrounded by water. Almost 3 C increase from 1965 to about 2015.
IMHO that says there’s something wrong with the thermometer in Isle of Man. I do note that just 4 years back from the end we have a data point at negative anomaly, so it isn’t like the place is definitely on the Global Warming Agenda. I’d suspect more a change to MMTS and an airport improvement project when the Jet Age arrived.
MariaDB [temps]> SELECT COUNT(deg_C) FROM anom3 WHERE abrev=’GK’;
Flat to 1990, then jumps up about 1 C across the board and goes flat again. Instrument or site change anyone?
That last +2 C data point is strange, especially after the 0 the prior year. Someone park a jet near the thermometer?
MariaDB [temps]> SELECT COUNT(deg_C) FROM anom3 WHERE abrev=’JE’;
No very hot last data point here. In fact, it’s a flat zero.
Other than a pronounced “dip” in the baseline period, it’s pretty much dead flat with a low bound about -0.8 C and an upper bound around +0.8C anomaly. There is also a tendency for lows to be missing after 1990 and for a few more highs near the upper range around 2000; but is that real or is that data collection artifacts? When did Jersey get an MMTS “upgrade”?
Also, are not Guernsey, Jersey, and Isle of Man close enough to each other they ought to be nearly identical?
With all the scrutiny put on them after the Climate-gate email scandals, I’m not surprised their difference graph is nearly dead flat.
They do work in about 1/4 C cooling of the baseline and then the recent data get more juice, but only in a couple of years.
Again lay your visual line at about 1 C. Only the last couple of years bounce much above it recently, and those are almost the same as the bounce above in the late 1700s. A line along about -1 C also bounds most of the lows. There are a few more fliers in the early years with fewer instruments in the record, and it being the Little ice Age. About 1900 it’s warmer in the cold years. Then the baseline period hits, and the New Little Ice Age scare. Lows again reach below -1 C anomaly. There’s a clear “bite” out of the highs then too. Then, post 2000 is a bit odd. Generally lows are suppressed. But there is that odd string of cold years just prior to the latest batch.
In any case, I don’t see any actual warming so much as I see some loss of really cold years. I’m OK with that. Really really OK.
Looks like the French are not fooling around with their data much. Substantially flat. I wonder if the dip around 2000 was removing some fudge ’cause someone got caught? Wonder what was in their news then…
Very interesting anomaly plot. Partly due to just the length of it and 1760s being warm. Then it’s quite colder in 1850 and there’s that chunk from about 1850 to 1990 where the tops are bounded at about +1/2 C anomaly, while the bottoms from about 1790 to 1990 run about -1/2 C with some jitter. There’s a modest “bite” out of the highs in the baseline period, then The Pivot happens about 1995. BIG loss of lows, a full 1 C Jump Up in highs. then it pauses. Sure looks like instrument change to me.
So no real wonder they had to cool the data from the late 1990s to make the trend more “trendy”.
What in the world are the Dutch doing?
2 C range of changes to history. BIG cooling of the 1850 to 1900 era, then the 1700s warmed by 1 C? Is that so the “average change” is nearer to zero ’cause nobody cares about the 1700s? The baseline gets a nice 1/2 C cool spike added, but recent data also gets a tiny bit of cooling. We’ll have to see if that makes a better “trend” for v4 recent data points…
And it does! How nice. just prune out those bothersome hot years that were so important for justifying the prior Big Scare! stories and the Paris and Copenhagen meetings. The work on the 1800s is going nicely too. Though with that much hot 1800s to remove, it looks like you still have some work to do.
My overall impression of the mass of data (both blue and red) is that there isn’t really much warming going on here. Lines at +1 C and -1.5 C pretty much have similar stuff inside them and similar fliers outside. Only post 2000 “goes weird” with the loss of low going anomalies. Even there it looks like they started to put back in a couple of them.
How can somewhere this small get that much thermometer data fiddle?
2.5 C range to the fiddle. LOTS of cooling of data post 1925, but more in the baseline period than outside it.
The actual anomalies look a mess too. Generally bounded by +1 and -1.5 C but not as smoothly as others. Big 1 C Dip in the baseline period. Post 2000 pruning of low going anomalies. Really? Only one cold year post 2000? No snow in Copenhagen during the meeting? Or did that not cross the border to Belgium? Then there’s that 2.5 C Rocket Ride up in the later couple of years. (Though I note the just preceding years have been cooled down so they don’t get in the way of the narrative…)
Frankly, that’s not looking so much like a duck tail as it is like a different kind of erection… not that I think Belgium might be full of folks looking to screw the rest of us or anything… So just tell me how CO2 does nothing until 2000, then makes it 2.5 C hotter…
Ah, the Classics. Cool the deep past 1/2 C, grade it gently into the present just post 1990 baseline end, leaving a nice flat +1/4 C into the present. Top with a +1/2 C Cherry at the end. Someone went to art class, didn’t they?
The result? Up to 1980, a wonderfully cold past. Only one year was over +1 C and it’s been pounded back down. Nice deep cold at -2 C in some years. Then, about 1990, a gentle Pivot into a ruler straight rise of the highs by a smooth +2C, lows tagging along, and while a bit pruned, there are just enough low going years to look real.
Too bad it doesn’t look at all like the countries right next to you in the same climate areas and with the same weather. Such artistry being ruined by the neighborhood.
No data in v3.3 so all we get is this v4 anomaly graph. I do have to wonder why an island in the New World is showing up as “Europe” in v4, but it is, so here’s the graph.
MariaDB [temps]> SELECT COUNT(deg_C) FROM anom3 WHERE abrev=’MH’;
Really does look like an error. How could they let this data into the set? It isn’t warming at all. 1940-41 was the hottest year. Good thing they cut it off at 1970…
All of Europe has water not too far away, but these countries start having much more inland effects. More mountains and more opportunities for temperature extremes. Polar Express air flows less muted.
Nice “tuck” taken in 1950. Then recently a couple of years with a hot pop.
A line about +1C shows the present not much different from the late 1700s. There’s a bit-O-cold in the Little Ice Age and in the Baseline Period. Similarly, a line at about -1.75 C clips the lows with an obvious rise between 1900 and 1950. Almost a square cut lack of lows.
Right on cue, post about 1995, we get the Pivot and highs rise 1 C in a straight shot up the Duck Tail formation. There’s a significant lack of lows after 2000, with just a couple of years showing below zero anomaly
Chop off the last half dozen years, would you call that warming? I’d not. At best, narrowing the range of excursions and pruning out cold years. Then given the stories of snow lately, I’d not even count the last half dozen years of the “pause” as warming either.
Doesn’t look like much being diddled in Poland.
Given some of the data points close to the upper edge of the graph, I likely ought to do one of these with +4 / -4 range to assure no “fliers” are off the page. I think I did that, but frankly it’s all a bit fuzzy now… 😉
A line at +1C has a consistent few fliers above it up to about 2000. There’s some dip in the 1950s part of the Baseline Period. Similarly, a line laid at -2 C is pretty much a ‘lower bound with a few fliers” up until about 1960. So is that bit that’s below -1.5 C centered on 1950 just the “new Little Ice Age” stuff, or a “baseline artifact”? Is the data below -2 C from 1700s to about 1875 just the Little Ice Age? Or the result of wide range from just one or a few thermometers. Probably doesn’t matter…
The “BIG DEAL” is really just post 2000. That’s where the cold anomaly goes to rapidly rising culminating in a +1 C lower bound, and the upper range of anomaly shoots up to at least +2 C, forming a generally broad fat rising tail. Then those two hot years in v3.3 get their blue spots whacked down to sharpen it all up in a very nice, if still a bit broad, Duck Tail.
Given how little natural warming they have to work with, I guess it is no surprise such desperate measures would be used in the Czech data.
Deep -1/2 C cut in the deep past, don’t bother cooling the end of the Little Ice Age, pull it down again into 1900, then a wobbly run up to +1/2 C warming of the more recent data.
The result? A VERY nice and VERY sharp Duck Tail at the end. Removal of a lot of that annoying 1700s heat.
We are still left wondering how CO2 basically does nothing from 1880 to 1990, with the highs actually cooling over the period, with lows basically around -1 1/2 C, and then suddenly “turn on a dime” about the year 1995 and rocket up temperatures by 1.5 C on the tops, and 3 C on the bottoms?
That’s a bit of a mess. Cooling the deeper past by up to 1 C seems a bit much. Warming the last few data points 1/2 C seems unnecessary in that context. Then chopping at the hot 1940s data by a full -2C? Man that’s vicious..
But the result does look like warming. Very un-physical, but hey, it was a quick hatchet job anyway, right? And Slovakia is so small it will just blend in with the averages and nobody will notice…
Hot bothersome 1800s data removed. Fill in the war years but without any hot years. (Average and homogenize much? /sarc;) then nothing much at all happening until about 1985 / 1990 when the Mother Of All Duck Tails gets made. Smooth as can be, not a single flier in sight.
So has Slovakia really been having ever less range of their weather since 1975 with lows consistently rising EVERY SINGLE YEAR by a total of almost 4 C ? REALLY?
Another one for the Ham Handed Brigade. Suck the past down by a consistent 1/2 C, pivot through the baseline and then raise temps by a consistent 1/4 C. The result?
Yet Another almost Ram’s Horn like Duck Tail.
Past cooled nicely. Just a 1/2 C at a time and eventually that whole hot history of the early 1700s can be erased. We cool into about 1990 as the top anomalies drop from nearly +2 C to just +0.75 C. On the bottoms, a line about -1.25 C pretty much is the floor under most of the data, though there are dips in about 1860 and 1950s. There’s a strange volatility range squeeze about 1975 with range narrowed to just 1 C or so. Then The Pivot happens and with lows rising faster than highs, we get a very nice Duck Tail, though with a ruffled spot about 2000.
So my usual question here: How did CO2 “Do Nothing” until the year 2000, then suddenly take action?
No data in GHCN v3.3, so all we get is the v4 anomaly chart.
MariaDB [temps]> SELECT COUNT(deg_C) FROM anom3 WHERE abrev=’LS’;
Only starts in the late 1960s? Then runs up by a full 4 C range from the low in 1985 to the high in 2010? I don’t know what’s going on there, but CO2 it isn’t.
It looks like there was a “step change” about 1992 with the data being in two blocks, offset by 1 C between them.
Might be an easy test case for when their thermometer changed to MMTS…
More Germanic precision here Neatly pull down the past by 1/2 C go flat about 1900, then some rise at the end, but not too much, and “cherry on top’ in the last bit of data.
The result? More of that bothersome hot past removed as the blue dots fall. After about 1990, the pivot into a great sharp Duck Tail.
Lay a line at +1 C and it nicely aligns with the blue dots up to about 1950. There’s bit of dip in the colder 1800s and again a bit dip in the Baseline Period (odd, though, that we didn’t have as much Ice Age weather in the 1960s New Little Ice Age Scare as we had in the real Little Ice Age) and even to about 1990 where it intersects the warming out of the baseline dip.
A line about -1.5 C runs through most of the low excursions up to about 1900. Then it rises to about -1 C. That holds to about 1990. Then it is Rocket Ride City as low anomalies rise 3 C from -1C to +2C and narrow to a fine point.
But has Switzerland really warmed by 2 C in warm years, 3 C in cold years, and lost ALL cold years? Just since 1990 / 2000?
If so, what would this have to do with CO2, since we’ve been in The Pause since 1998 and CO2 ought to have had the biggest effect between 1940 and 1990 (at least, that is what they were telling us in the 1990s…)
Another of the classic form. Cooing the past by about 1/3 C, rising to gentle warming of the recent data.
Volatility of about 3 C in the older data, likely from limited numbers of thermometers. Narrows to about 2 C in the late 1800s. Holds there, taking a dip in the “baseline period”, then about 1990 / 1995, The Pivot and we again get a finely sculpted Duck Tail.
Am I the only one who finds that sudden rise of 2 C and narrowing of range to a point, just a bit over the top insanely not physical?
Drop the past 1/4 C, shift to warming just a bit recently.
That’s an interesting shape. So it was -2 C in the late 1800s, rose to average about 1950. Stayed that way until 1995, then shoots up by a sudden 2-3C? Really? An overall rise of 5 C at the extremes?
Quite a scatter in the 1940s and earlier. Bit of cooling all the way to recent, then a touch up.
OK, I can see why they needed to knock down the 1930s hot spot, then the baseline around the 1980s gets cooled too. Then had to take some out of the highs of The Pause so the most recent data looks warm. Got it.
Don’t know what to make of this. Sort of a sag in the middle with jitter effect.
Ah, I see. Making the baseline a bit lower, reducing the hot parts of the 1800s. Otherwise a line at 1 C would show nothing warmer really until the last data points and them only barely different from the 1800s highs. Then a line along about -1.25 C would also show not much happening (so those red dots needed a pull down) until about 2000 when low anomalies suddenly become extinct and lows rise by 2 C in under 2 decades. I also note that the highs near 2000 had to be banged down to sharpen the Duck Tail and make a better rise. Squash that Pause!
Oh what fresh hell is this? 2.5 C range of “changes” to history? Really? Pull most of history down 1/4 C and then the “recent and best” data goes crazy with changes?
Ah, yes, the familiar. Squash the warm 1800s. Tilt the whole past lower, and especially pull down the higher blue spots in the Baseline Period, then bang down the Scare Hottest Ever of the early 2000s as we need more scare now, less Pause.
Then the oh too familiar by now, Pivot about 2000 where low going anomalies just go away. A full 4 C rise in the cold edge
A bit ham handed, but hey, who looks at Moldova?
General slight cooling of the past, The Dip into the baseline period gets some help, then things go nuts in the late 90s to date.
By now it’s becoming a bad joke how the Big Scare SIGN THE PARIS AGREEMENT SEND MONEY!!!! years of extra hot in the 90s and early 2000s have to be pounded back down so the recent data can be the Hottest Evah!!! But there’s no joke too old to tell again…
A line about 1 C (with the new pounded down data in the 90s / 00s) intersects the tops at the start and in about 1990. Bit of a drop out in the Baseline Period and about 1890.
A line about -1.5 C runs along with sporadic excursions below it until about 1995.
Then, The Pivot.
From 1995 or so to date, the highs rise about 1.25 C and the lows rise about 3.5 C forming a very sharp Duck tail (once you pound out the prior highs of the Big Scare For Paris era…)
Well that’s different. A bit of cooling of the deep past, but from about 1950 onward it’s all a lot of cooling.
Oh, I see. Making those last data points really stand out has HOTTEST EEEEVVVVAAAHHHH!!!!! Guess you did have a lot of 1990s hot air to get rid of…
Strange how the bottoms stay cold until 2000, then run up at a crazy rate with a full +2C higher anomaly (from about -1C to about +1C.
So has Belarus enjoyed a giant surplus of grain production from this rise? I mean, compared to 1941, it looks like it is 5 C warmer. That’s just GOT to mean more grain production, longer growing seasons. Folks on the lake side beaches in swimming gear into the fall, shorter skirts, men in T shirts in spring working in the garden? It’s all like being in Crimea or Turkey now, right? Right? /sarc;
A bit of a puzzlement. We have “the usual” cooling of the past and added “dip” in the “baseline period”, but then the more recetent temperatures get cooled some as well. As though an algorithm did the first bits but someone was embarrassed about an inflated present and tried to fix it. That there is almost 2 C of “range of change” does not give confidence in a 1/2 C Global Warming signal hiding in that sea of changes.
Then, looking at the anomaly graph, it looks a lot like nothing much is happening. Other than the most recent “flyer” of a very high reading, the historical v3.3 highs are not increasing. That would explain the need to “cool the past”. Then we also have the common artifact of post 2000 the cold gets trimmed. Almost like the bottom half of the range is being left out. So is that deliberate Data Diddle, the effect of MMTS at concrete jungle Jet Ports, or does CO2 just wait 20 years then suddenly give you wonderfully pleasant days no warmer than before, but with no cold excursions everyone (including plants and animals) hates?
About 1.5 C range of changes. A very gentle cooling of the past, then the baseline period gets a more vigorous cooling but with a lot of random jitter to try to hide it. Finally, the end gets a nice shot of warming in a couple of years, but overall cooling of the data.
Once again we see the latest data point left high (guess you do need to cool the “recent highs” so this year can look really high) and that “after 2000 kill the cold data” effect. The high range doesn’t really rise other than the last data point (but no worries, I’m sure it will be cooled off next time…)
A 2 C range of “corrections” (or whatever these “non-adjustment adjustments” are), really? Again we get a deep cooling of the recent past, but leaving the most recent data point above it all as “Hottest Evah!” in the anomaly graph. The general cooling of the past by about 1/4 C continues too.
Looking mostly at the blue dots up through about 1995, there’s no warming at the top and no real loss of cold at the bottom. Then we had The Leap after 1995e data.
I’d give this one about a B- for doing a pretty good job of tailoring the data, in that it isn’t an obvious Duck Tail flip up and narrow to a point at the end; but it lacks imagination and not enough of recent data was left hot. Just one or two data points? Really? That’s not a strong trend, that’s just weather.
What scatter there is in the changes! This is the error band in Finland? From version to version years can move anywhere in about a 2 C range? It looks like the general thrust is to remove the natural volatility of Finland (note the range on the anomaly plot is +4 to -6 so much wider than others) and try to get a better “trend” in the mood swings.
The anomaly chart is fascinating too. The present highs are no higher than the hot 1930s-40s or the point in the 1800s. Any recent “warming is entirely from loss of cold years after about 2000. Has Finland really not had ANY cold year since about 1995 to 2000? When did they install MMTS equipment at their major reporting places, and how many are jet airports?
Overall cooling of the past. Then there are what look like volatility reduction changes. Two spots with about 2.5 C of range between them, wiped out. Odd, given that such volatility is attested in the historical record…
Ah, looking at the anomaly chart makes it all clear. Can’t have those hot year blue spots or folks might start talking about how Sweden has had hot weather in the past. A line across the top of the highs doesn’t show warming. One through the bottom 1/5 or 1/10 of the graph shows a cold Little Ice Age, and then a most curious loss of cold after about 1995 with a compression of volatility (range) and a very fat tail. What is like a duck tail but rising to a rounded lump instead of a point? Maybe it’s a Lemming Tail… 😉
Some patterns are so common they are boring. Again with the gentle cooling of the deep past and more vigorous cooling up through the baseline period. A full 1/2 C in many years. Guess that’s one way to find 1/2 C of “CO2 Warming”, just cool the baseline period by 1/2 C. Overall, about a 2 C range of non-adjustment adjustments in the data. Error bars anyone? Anyone?
The anomaly graph is interesting. You can sort of see the “pivot point’ around the 1960s where the dots are clear and sort of purple as some land on top of each other, then in the past they look like a ‘smear’ as they pull away from each other. Then recent data is more sporadically changed, but generally the ‘smear’ is to red on top instead of the bottom as in the past. Odd that they just dump the oldest warm data.
This one is a bit facinating. It must be viewed in the context of the next two “v4 only” graphs. So two remote places owned by Norway are added (or perhaps moved from Norway proper to their own “country”?) and Norway gets a trim of the “Duck Tail” to where it is basically flat on the anomaly graph. Is that becuase those two were split out of the prior data set, or because with them added with their big spike at the recent times, Norway could be made less obvious? Does this show that anomalies do not hide instrument selection bias, or that the Data Diddlers were working over time? What a choice…
So there’s 1.5 C range of “changes” in the current data recent years, but with a very unusual “cool the present”. IF I had to guess, I’d guess that it is an artifact of splitting out those two other places into their own “countries”. This is a minor “Dig Here!” to track where the Svalbard and Jan Mayan thermometers were “accounted for” in v3.3, if at all.
In the anonaly plot we have a significant loss of cold spikes after about 1995 and HAD a very nice “Duck Tail” spike, until in v4 we don’t. There is still the general “cooling of the past” and the “baseline” by about 1/4 C.
No data in v3.3, so all we get is the v4 anomaly graph.
MariaDB [temps]> SELECT COUNT(deg_C) FROM anom3 WHERE abrev=’JN’;
We see basically nothing happening to the highs until about 2000. There’s a very pronounced “dip” in the cold ’70s when the Climate Scare Du Jour was that a “New Ice Age” was coming. Then, after 2000, things jump up about 3 C. Is CO2 supposed to “do nothing” until the year 2000 then cause 3 C in a step function? Uh, no.
No data in v3.3 so all we get is the v4 anomaly graph.
MariaDB [temps]> SELECT COUNT(deg_C) FROM anom3 WHERE abrev=’SV’;
Rather remarkably like Jan Mayen. Nothing until “The Jump” ™ a bit before 2000. Anyone want to bet some airport expansion and increased construction happened then along with a new digital thermometer?
Iceland is rather interesting. There’s a full 1 C of range of “changes” in the most recent data that’s supposedly the best there is. Why? Perhaps to reduce the very strong cyclical nature of the anomaly graph?
The anomaly graph has the recent hot side of the cycle roughly the same as the hot 1920s to 30s. Very strong cold dip in the “Baseline Period”, and then it looks like, about 2000, a big “step function” up. There was one year with a “normal” degree of cold after that, and the “changes” in v4 rubbed it out.
This whole series has been grueling to do.
But now I’m done. Just a summary “index it all” posting to wrap around them all.
Just be glad all you have to do is look at a few graphs and read a comment or two about them 😉
My overall impression of the graphs and the data is that there is a “Tailoring” operation going on. The changes are NOT just a little fix up here and a correction there. It looks to me like it has direction and purpose. Cool the Baseline Period. Cool warm past periods. Warm the recent data UNLESS it is too high in the last 2 decades, then you cool them so the nearest data can look warmer in comparison. Stamp out cold periods in the middle. Remove cool periods recently if not already suppressed. The question that remains for me is just: “Is that an accident from ignoring the effects of Instrument Change, or a deliberate planned act?”
With that, I’m done with the v3.3 vs v4 comparisons! Yay! Over to you folks for more analysis.
Posted in AGW Propaganda, Bad Data and Measurements, Climate History, Data, Data Manipulation, Natural Variability, News and media hyperbole, Sea Surface, TemperaturesLeave a comment
Al Gore Serial Science Denier
Science Matters
Everett Piper writes in the Washington Post Times The party of science deniers. Excerpts In italics with my bolds.
This past Wednesday, May 29, former Vice President Al Gore spoke to the graduating seniors at Harvard University. A summary of his talk? There is an “assault on science” that threatens “the capacity of the human species to endure” on planet Earth.
Mr. Gore proceeded to warn both students and faculty at Wednesday’s annual Class Day convocation, stressing that “reason” and “rational debate” were under threat from what he called “ideology of authoritarianism” by those who disagree with him and his political agenda.
Science “is now being slandered as a conspiracy based on a hoax,” Mr. Gore said. “The subordination of the best scientific evidence is yet another strategy for controlling policy by distorting and suppressing the best available information.”
This is the man who told us in 2006 that…
Posted in AGW Propaganda, Alarmist Claims, Climate Policy, Data, Debate, Natural Variability, News and media hyperbole, Scientists Corrupting ScienceLeave a comment
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You are here: Home / News / Campus / King’s Kaleidoscope concert recap
King’s Kaleidoscope concert recap
King’s Kaleidoscope, based out of Seattle, Washington, performed their final concert of the season Oct. 8 in the Psalm Center. Joey and Friends opened for the band.
Joey and Friends performing “From this Valley”. Photo by: Gabby Kupfer.
Travis Carr, ASB vice-president of Student Ministries, started the night with prayer and introduced Joey and Friends, led by student Joey Meador and alumna Brooke Meador and included Ryan Shrout on lead guitar, David Frost on keys, Peter Elliott on the bass, and Kyle Peek on drums.
The first song of their set was an upbeat rock rendition of the Doxology. They also performed a cover of “From This Valley,” initially performed by The Civil Wars, which Joey and Brooke Meador performed at Battle of the Bands last year.
“It just flowed through me,” student Danielle French said. At one point, the musicians gathered in a circle at a single microphone, claiming they were going “campfire style.” They brought a contemporary vibe to the night yet also a home-church-worship atmosphere as well.
There was a 15 minute intermission while Kings Kaleidoscope set up their stage before being introduced by Carr.
King’s Kaleidoscope began as an outreach at University of Washington, based out of Mars Hill Church. Chad Gardner started the group in 2010 looking for an orchestral indie sound. Their members include Andrew Nyte on drums, John Platter drums and percussion, Zack Walkingstick, bass, Nadia Ifland Essenpreis, keyboard, violin and accordion; Lindsay Gardner playing cello and keyboard, Julianne Smith on violin and vocals, and Jared Buck on guitar and vocals.
King’s Kaleidoscope performing in the Psalm Center. Photo by: Gabby Kupfer
“We’re giving you guys everything we’ve got!” Gardner said after the opening song,”Dreams.”
King’s Kaleidoscope also played “Seek The Kingdom,” “I Know,” “Felix Culpa,” “Light After Darkness” and “Defender.”
Gardner said the song “Felix Culpa” is about the fortunate fall, seeing goodness in the face of our sin and not dwelling on our fallen nature.
A few hymns re-written to accompany the plethora of instruments were “Be Thou My Vision,” “How Deep The Father’s Love,” “All Creatures/Come Thou Fount,” and “Christ Alone.”
Lead vocalist Chad Gardner explained that the band originated at a church plant on the University of Washington campus, where he was a worship leader. The ten other group members all came from within the church, and they have been bringing their orchestral, indie sound to the Christian music industry ever since.
Lead singer, Chad Gardner, of King’s Kaleidoscope. Photo by: Gabby Kupfer.
“It was great to come to a place where they’re taking old hymns and making them new—it was a really good way to end the week, a good way to transition into the weekend, and mostly though it was good to praise God,” said student Rachel Weinert.
Filed Under: Campus, Entertainment Tagged With: ASB Concert, Concert, Felix Culpa, Joey and Friends, King's Kaleidoscope
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2011 September Dallas Signature Arms & Armor AuctionAuction #6073
Scarce WWII Holgraphic Letter by Italian Dictator Benito Mussolini....
Scarce WWII Holgraphic Letter by Italian Dictator Benito Mussolini. An authenticated holographic letter of Italian dictator Benito Mussolini to a journalist. The letter was most likely written prior to the Social Republic in 1943-45. It is written on half of a 10 1/2-inch X 7-inch paper that has been folded in half and then into quarters. The stationery has a watermark "P. Milani Fabriano". Mussolini penned this letter in the Italian seaside town of Sengallia on the Adriatic Sea. The letter starts-"Carissimo" [Dear one], Thank you for your kind remembrance. He states that "I write to Milan because they send you [illegible], to those". Mussolini continues to write that he is embracing the seaside. The words "Contrary or Instead", "preference" and "article" are used in the second paragraph and the words "one man" and "model" or "standard" are underlined by Mussolini himself. The best interpretation is difficult because of Mussolini's handwriting and the inability to read all the words. In the last sentence he says that soon he will return to Rome and signs the letter "Ciao to you and friends, Mussolini". The word below Mussolini's signature and to the lower left side of the correspondence is "Sengallia". Sengallia is located east of Florence and San Marino between the towns of Pesaro and Ancona. The letter was previously authenticated by Hamilton Galleries of New York [3/14/1980].
Condition: Good. Paper showing age wear, folds and minor soiling.
E-mail Sandra Palomino or call 1-800-872-6467 x1107
Consign to the 2020 June 7 Arms & Armor, Civil War & Militaria Signature Auction - Dallas.
We had a wonderful time in New York during the October 2013 Historical Manuscripts auction that featured my mother’s papers collected during her tenure as Martin Luther King, Jr.’s secretary. In fact, the entire experience from beginning to end has been a pleasure.
Howard Ballou,
2019 December 14 Historic Flags of World War II Signature Auction - Dallas
What are my Historical Collectibles Worth?
Historical Collectible Resources
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connect@go-impact.com
August 16, 2018 in Industry0by admin
Blockchain Demystified
Blockchain is a ubiquitous buzzword in the finance world. It is often gushed about as being revolutionary, bigger than the internet, and one of the most important technologies for the future of the payment industry. But what exactly is blockchain? Merriam Webster, the dictionary that is, defines it this way: a digital database containing information, such as records of financial transactions, that can be simultaneously used and shared within a large decentralized, publicly accessible network. Although there are many potential applications for blockchain technology—in fields ranging from politics to real estate—let’s look at a few ways it will impact the financial industry.
The unique feature about blockchain technology is that data isn’t stored in a centralized location or server. By putting data onto a public ledger that isn’t deleted, it removes the need for a third party to validate and verify transactions. Without a bank to hold the money, blockchain makes it hard for criminals to be successful. In order to commit fraud, someone would need to act simultaneously on shared ledgers in multiple locations. This makes blockchain almost impossible to corrupt. In addition, with blockchain all transactions are accessible by all users on the network. This transparency makes manipulation highly unlikely.
By using a network of computers (called nodes) to administer transactions instead of a third party, blockchain makes the transfer of money instantaneous. It eliminates the waiting period—sometimes several days—for payments to clear into a checking account or for money to be sent internationally. The Deloitte Center for Financial Services forecasts that by 2025 blockchain payment systems could equal the transactions processed by the ACH network.
Businesses are drawn to blockchain technology because it eliminates middlemen. A world without intermediaries has the potential to be less complicated and increase revenue. The lure for banks lies in the technology’s ability to streamline processes and increase efficiency, which lowers operation costs. A recent report by Accenture—culled from data provided by eight of the world’s largest investment banks—found that blockchain has the potential to save banks $8-12 billion annually and reduce their operating costs by an average of 30% per year.
Although banks, credit card companies and fintech startups are all working on blockchain payment solutions, the technology—according to most experts—is still in its early stages. And while there will be stumbling blocks ahead, as is the case with all emerging technologies, blockchain will significantly impact all of our lives. That’s a compelling reason to stay informed about its progress and its applications.
Attract top talent to your organization by partnering with a payments recruiting firm. IMPACT Payments Recruiting’s experienced recruitment consultants at IMPACT have been working with some of the most premier payments companies in the industry for more than a decade to connect them with top talent for high-level positions. Our recruiting team is comprised of former payments industry professionals, so we have an in-depth understanding of how to target and evaluate candidates for your hiring needs. Learn more about IMPACT – contact us today.
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Night Lights Home
Mosaic Is Releasing A James P. Johnson Set
By David Johnson
Take this news in stride: Mosaic Records is releasing a 6-CD set of piano master James P. Johnson, whose compositions and formidable role in the stylistic evolution of early jazz piano make him an important figure in 20th-century jazz history.
The set, comprised of all Sony-owned material on labels such as Okeh, Columbia, Bluebird, Victor, Signature, and Vocalion, will include Johnson piano solos, sideman sessions, and dates with blues singers recorded between 1921 and 1943. Bessie Smith, Lavina Turner, Ethel Waters, Clarence Williams, and Ida Cox are among the vocalists featured in the set, which also finds Johnson in the company of instrumentalists Frankie Newton, King Oliver, and Lonnie Johnson.
Mosaic is planning for the set to be available by the end of the year, and possibly as soon as November. Their forthcoming Lester Young set is still on track for release early next year.
About Night Lights
Night Lights is a weekly one-hour radio program of classic jazz hosted by David Brent Johnson, and produced by WFIU Public Radio. Learn More »
David Brent Johnson hosts the weekly WFIU historical jazz program Night Lights and Afterglow as well. Learn more »
Tweets by @wfiu
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Home News Urban Co-operative Banks
Tuesday, January 21, 2020, 5:50 PM
A new type of immune cell that kills most cancers has been discovered by accident by British scientists. That new T-cell was discovered when the team was analyzing blood from a bank in Wales, looking for immune cells. The new T-cell carries a never-before-seen receptor which acts like a grappling hook, latching on to cancers, while ignoring healthy cells.
General Cancer Scientist
India needs register of unemployed youths, not NRC: Prakash Raj
Actor and politician Prakash Raj said that if the government wants to prepare a register, then it should make one on India's unemployed youths and uneducated children in an apparent jibe at the proposed National Register of Citizens (NRC). He also urged anti-CAA protesters to confine themselves to non-violent protests claiming that the government wanted protests to turn violent.
India Prakash Raj National Register Of Citizen Unemployed
Increase delivery time, don't risk drivers' lives: Bengaluru cop
Bengaluru's Police Commissioner Bhaskar Rao on Tuesday tweeted, "Do we have the heart to get a free pizza from a kid risking his life just because he crossed over 30 minutes?" He said he's considering to ask pizza companies to increase the delivery time to 40 minutes. He also called out Swiggy saying that they're the biggest traffic violators.
General Bengalore Pizza Delivery Boy
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Home Industry4Europe white paper calls for long-term EU industrial strategy
Industry4Europe white paper calls for long-term EU industrial strategy
European Commission flags
Industry4Europe, a coalition of 149 industrial Associations from across the European Union, has published a joint paper calling for "an ambitious and long-term EU industrial strategy". The joint paper, entitled ‘A long-term strategy for Europe’s industrial future: from words to action’ is designed to contribute to the bloc's future industrial strategy announced by European Commission President-Elect Ursula von der Leyen.
The Joint Paper presents industrial policy proposals in seven priority fields; business-friendly policy environment, sustainability at business core, upgraded skills and training, enhanced research and innovation, investment and improved access to finance, reinforcement of the European Single Market and strengthened trade and international market access.
A press release from the coalition stated: "The 149 industry organisations behind Industry4Europe stand united in their repeated calls for an ambitious and long-term EU industrial strategy that must help Europe remain a hub for a leading, smart, innovative and sustainable industry, that provides quality jobs and benefits all Europeans and future generations."
“With its skilled workforce and its global reputation for quality and sustainability, our industry is vital for Europe and its prosperity”, said Philippe Citroën, Coordinator of the Industry4Europe Coalition. “The European Union needs an ambitious industrial strategy now to compete with other global regions that have already put industry at the very top of their political agenda. It is essential for a horizontal, coherent and focused industrial policy to support the backbone of the European economy and which protects citizens and the global environment”.
European Commission President-Elect von der Leyen, who is set to take over from current Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker on December 1st, has said in the Political Guidelines she set out for her upcoming time in office that she would: “put forward my plan for a future-ready economy, our new industrial strategy”.
The statement accompanying the new Industry4Europe joint paper said that the coalition "looks forward to working with all policymakers – notably the designated Executive Vice-Presidents Valdis Dombrovskis and Margrethe Vestager and Commissioner Thierry Breton – to discuss and implement such an ambitious and much-needed EU industrial strategy."
The full text of the Joint Paper ‘A long-term strategy for Europe’s industrial future: from words to action’ is here.
Europe Industry4Europe European Commission Lead Story EU Politics Sustainability
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Riverside Public Utilities Receives American Public Power Association’s Highest Honor
Riverside – The American Public Power Association (APPA) honored Riverside Public Utilities (RPU) with its highest award today, designating the California municipal utility as a Diamond Level Reliable Public Power Provider (RP3) at its 2014 Engineering & Technical Conference.
“Receiving this designation is a terrific testament to the hard work and dedication that our city, our board of public utilities, executive management and our entire energy delivery staff puts in each year for the benefit of our customer-owners,” said RPU General Manager Girish Balachandran.
Since 2006, the APPA’s RP3 program has recognized the nation’s top public power utilities in the Gold, Platinum, and Diamond categories that have demonstrated proficiency in four key disciplines: reliability, safety, workforce development, and system improvement. RPU has been named a Platinum RP3 provider (which carries a two year designation) in 2006, 2008, 2010 and 2012.
Over the past decade, RPU has undertaken a variety of projects to increase its energy delivery system capacity and reliability including: system-wide power line tree trimming; constructing and procuring local generation sources; and upgrading its sub transmission systems.
“It is this type of dedication to improving and maintaining our infrastructure that has led us to this wonderful recognition today,” said RPU Deputy GM and COO Steve Badgett, who has also served as the head of the utility’s energy delivery division and was instrumental in promoting projects, personnel, and system improvements that helped RPU to reach new levels of reliability.
“Providing safe and reliable services for our customer owners is our mission,” Badgett said. “This designation by the APPA affirms that we are living up to the high quality standards of service we set forth to supply, while also ensuring system reliability for years to come.”
RPU is one of only 29 public power utilities among the 2,000 APPA members nationwide to ever receive the RP3 Diamond designation (which is good for three years); one of only two California public utilities to reach the prestigious level; and is the only large category utility in the state to receive the honor.
Balachandran and Badgett will further discuss the RP3 Diamond designation tonight on Riverside Public Utilities’ weekly radio program the Green Power Report at 6:30 p.m. (Pacific) on AM 590 The Answer.
For additional information about Riverside Public Utilities follow us on Facebook and on Twitter @RPUNews
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[twitter items=”10″ title=”Riverside Public Utility Twitter” username=”@RPUNews”]
Big Bear – Wolf Pups Birthday Party
Reception Honoring the 100th anniversary of Booker T Washington’s Riverside Visit
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Footprints of Italian Prisoners of War in Australia
Sharing this History
Finding Nonno
POWs in Australia
POW Camps in Australia
Italian POWs in Queensland
POW Centres Queensland
Disbandment
Tag Archives: Liborio Bonadonna
Rings from Coins
This project has brought to light a number of POW treasures. Items that Queenslanders and Italians have shared with me, are truly treasures: remnants over 70 years old.
There have been a number of references to rings the Italians made as gifts for the farming families. With few resources, the Italians used Australian coins to make these rings. Unfortunately, rings are easily lost or misplaced.
I visited a lady in Brisbane in May to talk with her about her family’s Italian Prisoners of War. In a matter of fact manner she placed her hand on the table. I was so excited, ” You have one!” There on her little finger was a ring crafted from a one shilling coin for a young girl’s hand. Carefully finished, its design is simple but beautiful. Precious in so many ways.
Partly Made Ring: Italian POW at PA Miles farm Mooloo
(from the collection of Alex Miles)
Alex Miles from Mooloo Gympie has ‘found’ the workings of the Italians, thrown in a box in the shed amongst other bits and pieces. He remembers the ring that was made for him which is long gone, because he wore it to school and the teacher confiscated it. It was decorated with pieces of coloured hardened plastic, red and green, possibly from Tek* toothbrushes which were army issue. Alex remembers, “Francesco made the ring and he had a small hammer which he brought with him to the farm. I am not sure where the coins came from because it was against regulations for them to have money. After he left our farm, his record card has him being awarded 21 days detention on 2.3.1946 for having Australian currency in his possession. He served this in the detention block at Gaythorne PW & I Camp.”
Alex’s father, Percy Miles reminisced, “Some of the things they used to do to beat the boredom. … Another thing was by tapping the edge of a 2 shilling silver coin (20 cent piece) with a hammer, causing it to flare out, then cutting a hole in the centre, it made a ring you could wear on your finger as a dress ring.” Coins were 92.5% silver up until 1944-45.
Liboria Bonadonna seated far right showing ring on his finger
Murchison, Australia. 2 March 1945. Group of Italian prisoners of war (POWs) interned in D2 Compound, No. 13 POW Group. Back row, left to right: 64837 A. Porcaro; 49904 S. Russo; 57220 G. Fino; Unidentified; 45531 V. Di Pietro; 61074 G. De Luca. Front row: 45685 B. Fiorentino; Unidentified; 46171 G. Massaro (holding a piano accordion); 46603 V. Massaro; 55168 L. Buonadonne. Note: The number is an assigned POW number. Photo documentation suggests that names are listed, back row, front row, left to right.
(AWM Image 030229/02 Photographer Stewart, Ronald Leslie)
One ponders, how many rings have survived and are in the collections of Australians and Italians, without their owners knowing their origins. Liborio Mauro noticed a ring on his grandfather’s (Liborio Bonadonna) finger in a photo taken at Murchison, and he wondered about its origins. He had heard stories of Italian POWs having Australian girlfriends and wondered if the ring might be evidence of a liaison his grandfather had had. Quite possibly Liborio’s ring was a memento, handcrafted from a two shilling coin.
Australian Florin: Working of Italian POW making a ring
(from the collection of Alex Miles Mooloo)
*Examples of Tek art, made by Australian soldiers can be found in the heraldry collection of the Australian War Memorial. One such example is the ring below, but the metal used was aluminium.
Souvenir ring : Private E K Lloyd, 57/60 Battalion
REL27303 Australian War Memorial
This entry was posted in Q3 PWCC Gympie and tagged Alexander Miles Mooloo, Francesco Ciaramita from Xitta Trapani, Italian Prisoner of War in Australia, Italian Prisoners of War, Italian prisoners of War Mooloo Gympie, Liborio Bonadonna, Mooloo Gympie, Percy Alexander Miles Mooloo, Prigionieri di guerra italiani in Australia, Prigionieri di guerra italiani in Queensland, Q3 Gympie, Q3 Prisoner of War Control Centre Gympie, Q3 PWCC Gympie, Silver rings made by Italian POWs, Silver rings made by Italian prisoners of war, Warcraft Art - Silver rings on January 12, 2020 by JoanneinTownsville.
Escaped P.O.W. at Bowen
I have intentionally left the stories of the Q6 Prisoner of War Control Hostel Home Hill to last. The Q6 Home Hill centre was a purpose built hostel/camp to accommodate 255 Italian prisoners of war making it a very different situation to the Italian prisoners of war on farms in south-east Queensland. The Burdekin: Ayr, Home Hill, Brandon, Jarvisfield, Rita Island, Clare, Millaroo, Dalberg is my backyard and it was the first prisoner of war centre I researched and my original motivation for this research.
I have known from an early age that Italian prisoners of war were brought to Home Hill to grow vegetables. These POWs had been captured in North Africa and some of them tried to escape. I also knew about the Italian Queensland residents who were arrested when Italy declared war and sent to Loveday South Australia. My Aunty Dora’s father, we knew him as Nonno Jim, was one of those internees. So from my childhood I knew about these two historical events. Funny the stories you remember.
Alan Fitzgerald, who wrote the first comprehensive book about Italian prisoners of war in Australia, explains that his book, The Italian Farming Soldiers was inspired by his childhood memory of an Italian POW : ‘As a child, I saw my first Italian prisoner of war at Coonabarabran, New South Wales, in 1944. He stood out in his magenta-dyed uniform as he walked down a road in this small town of 2000 people.’
This project’s book Walking in their Boots has also been inspired by childhood memories, as told to me by my father Brunie Tapiolas.
I would like to introduce you to Vincenzo and Pasquale. Their story provides an insight into the men who were encamped on the banks of the Burdekin River. Their story gives a face to this Q6 Home Hill history.
Pasquale Landolfi seated centre with accordian 2nd March 1945 Murchison
(from Australian War Memorial, Image 030230/04)
Vincenzo di Pietro and Pasquale Landolfi did not want to be at the Home Hill POW Hostel. They really didn’t want to be in captivity. Twice escaped from Q6 Home Hill Hostel, they were sent south to Murchison in Victoria. Both escaped Murchison PW Camp. But that is another story.
During my research into this history I have become acquainted with several men in these photos: Riccardo del Bo, Liborio Bonadonna, Guglielmo De Vita, Pietro Rizelli, Sabato Russo and Bartolomea Fiorentino. Each man has a story. Liborio’s story is featured in A Father’s Love.
Vincenzo di Pietro standing second from the right 2nd March 1945 Murchison
(Australian War Memorial, Image 030229/02)
Enjoy this newspaper article from Bowen Independent(Qld: 1911-1954), Friday 6 October 1944, page 2 which is available to view online at trove.gov.au
Notice the vague reference to ‘a Northern camp’. Very little was known by the general public in the Burdekin about the POW camp which was deemed a military zone.
Re-Capture Effected
The intelligence of a local resident was responsible for the re-capture of two escaped Italian prisoners of war from a Northern camp, on Thursday.
Noticing two strangers, obviously foreigners, at the new railway station, he recalled press and radio announcements on the subject of the escape of two prisoners he took more than ordinary notice of them.
But the fact that they were mixing freely with troops [Australian] from a train in the station, most of whom wore Africa Star ribbons and were therefore familiar with the Italian soldier, made him hesitate to voice his suspicions.
Later he again noticed them on the road near the Salt Works, resting under a pandamus tree. They wore no hats, and the circumstances were very suspicious.
They later headed towards the Don [River] and passed under the small railway bridge, whereupon the observer decided to give the local Police a chance to investigate, which they did and rounded up the pair who turned out to be the wanted men.
The local resident is to be commended for his part in the re-capture.
This entry was posted in New South Wales Italian POWS, Q1 PWCC Stanthorpe, Q3 PWCC Gympie, Q6 PWC Hostel Home Hill, Q8 PWCC Kingaroy, Victoria Italian POWs and tagged Bartolomea Fiorentino, Guglielmo De Vita, Home Hill Italian Prisoners of War, Italian POWs, Italian Prisoner of War in Australia, Italian Prisoners of War, Italian Prisoners of War in Queensland, Liborio Bonadonna, Murchison Prisoner of War Camp, Pasquale Landolfi, Prigionieri di guerra italiani in Australia, Prigionieri di guerra italiani in Queensland, Q6 PWC Hostel Home Hill, Q6 PWCH Home Hill, Sabato Russo, Vincenzo di Pietro on December 19, 2019 by JoanneinTownsville.
A Father’s Love
Liborio Bonadonna was a private in the Italian Army, serving with the 231 Legion Militia when he was captured at Buq Buq on 11th December 1940. The Battle of Sidi Barrani was the opening battle of Operation Compass and 38,300 Italians were captured at Sidi Barrani and Buq Buq from 10 – 11 December 1940.
Liborio Bonadonna
(NAA: A7919 C101539 Buonadonna, Librio)
A young farmer from Gela Caltanissetta, Liborio was living in Tripoli along with his wife and his parents when he joined Mussolini’s war. His father, desperate for his son’s safety, fell prey to unscrupulous agents who, for a sum of money, promised the repatriation of their family members who were prisoners of war.
In a letter sent to Liborio, his father Carmelo Bonadonna wrote on 21st December 1943:
Dear son, here it was said that prisoners who are sons of farmers, were to be repatriated on the payment of six thousand lire, and I, for the great affection I bear you, was one of the first to pay; in fact they asked us for one of your letters in order to have your address. Up to the present, we have seen nothing. Imagine, dear son, how happy we all in the family were for just then I did not know what I could do for the love of you.
Liborio had spent almost three years in camps in India and would not arrive in Italy for another three years. The actions of his father however highlight how anxious the family were to ensure a safe and early return of Liborio.
From Cowra, Liborio was assigned to work on farms at N8 PWCC Orange and N24 PWCC Lismore. Suffering on-going health issues, he was sent to local and military hospitals and was eventually transferred to Murchison for consideration for early repatriation on the basis of medical grounds.
Such was his health, he was on the list to embark on the Andes which left Australia on 3rd August 1945. Unfortunately, on 16th July 1945 he was sent to 28 Australian Camp Hospital at Tatura which was part of the Murchison POW complex. He missed early repatriation and was to stay in hospital for two and a half months.
28th Australian Camp Hospital Tatura
(AWM Image 052452)
The irony of his situation was that while he was approved for early medical repatriation he was too unwell to travel. His medical condition had deemed him ‘medically’ unfit to work and gave him priority for repatriation on medical grounds. During 1946, several transports for special circumstance cases, left Australia for Naples but Liborio was overlooked.
While he considered himself to be well enough to travel, he was identified as having need for specialist medical attention during the voyage to Italy. He could only be repatriated once as specially fitted out ship became available.
On 10th September 1946, in a letter to the Camp C.O. he presented his case:
Just at the time when the repatriation of the sick was to take place I was in the Waranga military hospital whence I was discharged early in September…
The present repatriation lists from which I have been exclude because repatriation is to be effect by ordinary means (i.e. in ships not especially adapted for transport of the sick) include nearly all the sick who, like me, were then considered as needing attention during the voyage.
Today I will to inform you that, notwithstanding a year’s stay in camp without any special treatment, my condition is such as to enable me to stand the possible discomforts of the trip home; I therefore request to be reinscribed on the above mentioned list, taking upon myself the full and complete responsibility in the event of any possible deterioration of my health.
My family live in Tripolitania and it is my urgent wish to rejoin it in the shortest possible time. To the above I can only add the prayer that you will kindly consider my request.
The Empire Clyde* returned Liborio to Italy. It was a Royal Navy Hospital Ship which departed Sydney for Naples on 12th December 1946. There were 226 Italian prisoners of war on board who had embarked at Sydney, Melbourne and Fremantle.
But Liborio’s return to his family in Tripoli was further delayed. Once he arrived in Naples, he required an operation. Fighting bureaucracy, he tried to gain permission several times to reach Libya and his wife and parents.
Liborio’s grandson, Liborio Mauro says that “He told her [my grandmother] if I’m not able to join you, I would like to go back in Australia. After 3 times, he finally joined my grandmother in Libya where my father Carmelo was born in Tripoli in 1949.”
Tracing Liborio’s journey as a prisoner of war has not been an easy on. His grandson explains that his records have his name spelt incorrectly: BUONADONNA instead of BONADONNA, LIBRIO instead of LIBORIO.
But passion and determination on the part of grandson Liborio has ensured that Liborio Bonadonna’s story is told and his records and photographs of his time as a prisoner of war in Australia are with the family.
Liborio Mauro says, “All my family are happy and my father is crying for happiness. My grandfather was the most important person in my family. He was a true gentleman, well-educated and everyone fell in love with him. He was a strong and simple man.”
*The Empire Clyde was a British Navy war prize from the Abyssinian campaign. It was formerly an Italian passenger liner Leonardo da Vinci.
Liborio Bonadonna with his family c 1979, grandson Liborio Mauro on his grandfather’s lap
(photograph from the collection of Liborio Mauro)
This entry was posted in Italian POWs and family, Murchison PW & I Camp, New South Wales Italian POWS and tagged Battle of Sidi Barrani, Buq Buq WW2, Cowra, Empire Clyde, Italian POWs, Italian Prisoner of War in Australia, Italian Prisoners of War, Italian Prisoners of war Australia, Italian Prisoners of War India, Leonardo Da Vinci Italian ship, Liborio Bonadonna, Operation Compass, Post War Italy, POWs WW2, Prigionieri di guerra italiani in Australia, Tripoli Libya on October 17, 2019 by JoanneinTownsville.
Serendipity – Photos of Nonno
Cowra Group Photos 16th September 1943 and 6th February 1944
Hay Group Photos 9th September 1943.
Murchison Group Photos 2nd May 1944 and 2nd and 4th March 1945.
Marrinup Group Photos 29th July 1944.
The Australian War Memorial has an extensive collection of photos featuring Italian prisoners of war. They show the men at work in camp workshops, in the fields and at sport. There are also group photos which the Italians were allowed to purchase to send home to families. But there are some complications with searches which I include below.
Murchison, Australia. 2 March 1945. Group of Italian prisoners of war (POWs) interned in C Compound, No. 13 POW Group. Shown here are: 65915 F. Pieri; 65987 C. Rossi; 65209 G. Baffa; 65710 V. La Rocca; 65370 F. Carone; 65230 E. Baruzzi; 65197 A. Armeni; 65237 F. Battisti; 65300 L. Bruno; 65602 G. Furioli; 65398 S. Cavillin; 65864 A. Pacini. Note: The number is an assigned POW number. (AWM Image 030231/14 Photographer: Ronald Leslie Stewart)
Sometimes you get Lucky
I was searching the Murchison group photos for random photos of silver rings. Silver rings are another story but as I was looking through the photos I found a face I knew. What are the chances! This photo did not list the names of the men. But I was sure I knew him. I had been introduced to Liborio Bonadonna in 2017 by his grandson Liborio Mauro. And I was pretty sure the man seated at the far right was Nonno Liborio.
Murchison, Australia. 2 March 1945. Group of Italian prisoners of war (POWs) interned in D2 Compound, No. 13 POW Group. (AWM Image 030229/10 Photographer Ronald Leslie Stewart)
I have been introduced to a number of Italian prisoners of war over the last three years and I know that sometimes, one man will appear in two or three photos, taken on the same day. And I know several of the men below. Another story.
Description Murchison, Australia. 2 March 1945. Group of Italian prisoners of war (POWs) interned in D2 Compound, No. 13 POW Group. Back row, left to right: 64837 A. Porcaro; 49904 S. Russo; 57220 G. Fino; Unidentified; 45531 V. Di Pietro; 61074 G. De Luca. Front row: 45685 B. Fiorentino; Unidentified; 46171 G. Massaro (holding a piano accordion); 46603 V. Massaro; 55168 L. Buonadonne. Note: The number is an assigned POW number. Photo documentation suggests that names are listed, back row, front row, left to right. (AWM 020229/02 Photographer Ronald Leslie Stewart)
Taken seven photos apart, Liboria Bonadonna is seated far right in both photos. In 549 he is wearing casual clothes but in 557 he is wearing his uniform. As his name was spelt incorrectly in 549, the photo was found with a search of his number 55168.
Alessandra’s Diligence Paid Off
Alessandra Nicoletti is researching her grandfather’s journey as a prisoner of war: Ermanno Nicoletti. A search revealed this photo from Hay PW Camp. Note the words: In this photo are known to be…
Nonno Ermanno is standing first left. And Alessandra also found the face of Agostino Marazzi a family friend.
Hay, NSW. 9 September 1943. Group of Italian prisoners of war (POW) interned at No. 6 POW Group. In this group are known to be: 45513 Francesco Del Viscio; 46331 Ermanno Nicoletti; 45852 Italo Gramiccia; 46320 Natale Nunziati; 46207 Valerio Mezzani 45498 Giovanni Di Pinto; 45496 Giuseppe Di Pilla; 46199 Agostino Marazzi; 46511 Alfonso Patrizi and 48922 Sergio Galazzi. Note: The number is an assigned POW number. (AWM Image 030143/26 Photographer Lewecki)
I am not sure how many photos Alessandra looked at, but she then found Nonno Ermanno is this photo. He is seated to the left of the man with the piano accordian. He is holding a guitar. And at that stage in her search, she did not know he performed in operas and plays in the camp.
Hay, NSW. 9 September 1943. A large group of Italian prisoners of war (POW) interned at No. 6 POW Group. Some of the men are holding musical instruments. (AWM Image 030145/33 Photographer Lewecki)
Serendipity… Chance… Fluke…Fate
Many times in this research, things happen randomly. I often tell people “your nonno tapped you on the shoulder and helped you with your search” or ” your nonno made you find this research” as so many outcomes have been totally random. Unfortunately for some families, their questions are still left unanswered.
There is also a randomness in which army documents are archived. Why do WA Italian prisoners of war have a comprehensive and additional folio of documents while Queensland Italian POWs do not? Often, we have to be satisfied that one knows more now than they did when a particular search began.
Some of the Hurdles
You can search by name or by prisoner of war number but sometimes the names are mispelt or numbers incorrect by a digit.
As well, while the Hay PW Camp photos give the names for the men in the group photos, the position of men is not known.
Additionally, many of the group photos are without names. So if you are looking for someone, and their name does not come up with a search, you might have to check every photo. To reduce the number of photos to search, do a check of the dates on the Service Card with the dates of the group photos.
Unfortunately, Italian prisoners of war coming to Australia in 1944 and 1945 missed the group photo sessions in Hay and Cowra, so unless they spent time in Murchison in 1945, there might not be a photographic record for them.
This entry was posted in Hay PW Camp, Italian POWs and family, Murchison PW & I Camp, New South Wales Italian POWS, Victoria Italian POWs and tagged Australian War Memorial, Australian War Memorial Photographs of Italian prisoners of war, Ermanno Nicoletti from Roma Italy, Group Photos Italian Prisoners of War, Hay Prisoner of War Camp 1943, Italian POWs in Australia, Italian Prisoner of War in Australia, Italian prisoners of war in Australia, Liborio Bonadonna, Murchison Prisoner of War Camp, Prigionieri di guerra Italiani Cowra, Prigionieri di guerra italiani in Australia on October 9, 2019 by JoanneinTownsville.
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Prigionieri di Guerra Italiani in Australia
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JavaScript & jQuery: The Missing Manual, 2nd Edition
Bookstore > Books > JavaScript & jQuery: The Missing Manual, 2nd Edition
Author David Sawyer McFarland
Publisher O'Reilly Media
JavaScript lets you supercharge your HTML with animation, interactivity, and visual effects-but many web designers find the language hard to learn. This jargon-free guide covers JavaScript basics and shows you how to save time and effort with the jQuery library of prewritten JavaScript code. You'll soon be building web pages that feel and act like desktop programs, without having to do much programming.
David Sawyer McFarland (9 books)
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Facebook: The Missing Manual, 2nd Edition
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Facebook's popularity is skyrocketing, drawing more than 400 million people to this combination online village green, personal website creator, and souped-up address book. But one thing you won't get when signing up is a printed manual. Enter Facebook: The Missing Manual, Second Edition - the witty, authoritative guide you need, now revis...
Windows 10: The Missing Manual, 2nd Edition
by David Pogue
Windows 10 hit the scene in 2015 with an all-new web browser (Edge), the Cortana voice assistant, and universal apps that run equally well on tablets, phones, and computers. Now, the Creators Update brings refinement and polish to Windows 10 - and this jargon-free guide helps you get the most out of this supercharged operating system.Wind...
HTML5: The Missing Manual, 2nd Edition
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HTML5 is more than a markup language - it's a collection of several independent web standards. Fortunately, this expanded guide covers everything you need in one convenient place. With step-by-step tutorials and real-world examples, HTML5: The Missing Manual shows you how to build web apps that include video tools, dynamic graphics, geolo...
WordPress: The Missing Manual, 2nd Edition
Whether you're a budding blogger or seasoned Web designer, WordPress is a brilliant tool for creating websites, once you know how to tap its impressive features. The latest edition of this jargon-free Missing Manual shows you how to use WordPress 3.9's themes, widgets, plug-ins, and souped-up editing and multimedia tools to build just abo...
JavaScript & jQuery: The Missing Manual, 3rd Edition
by David Sawyer McFarland
JavaScript lets you supercharge your HTML with animation, interactivity, and visual effects - but many web designers find the language hard to learn. This easy-to-read guide not only covers JavaScript basics, but also shows you how to save time and effort with the jQuery and jQuery UI libraries of prewritten JavaScript code. You'll build ...
iPhone: The Missing Manual, 6th Edition
With the iOS 6 software and the new iPhone 5, Apple has two world-class hits on its hands. This sleek, highly refined pocket computer comes with everything - cellphone, iPod, Internet, camcorder - except a printed manual. Fortunately, David Pogue is back with this expanded edition of his witty, full-color guide: the world's most popular i...
In iOS 7, Apple gave the iPhone the most radical makeover in its history. The new software is powerful, sleek, and a perfect companion to the iPhone 5s and 5c - but it's wildly different. Fortunately, David Pogue is back with an expanded edition of his witty, full-color guide: the world's most popular iPhone book.The iPhone may be the wor...
With the iOS 8.1 software and the new iPhone 6 and 6 Plus, Apple has taken its flagship products into new realms of power and beauty. The modern iPhone comes with everything - camera, music player, Internet, flashlight - except a printed manual. Fortunately, David Pogue is back with this expanded edition of his witty, full-color guide: th...
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July 27, 2016 chemophobiaactivism, chemicals, chemophobia, Education, GMOs, laboratories, outreach, school, science, teachingJames Kennedy
Chemists and the public need to be speaking the same language
The public uses the word ‘chemical’ to mean ‘synthetic substance’. Chemists have traditionally opposed this definition and stuck with ‘substance’ instead, responding with “everything is a chemical” in defence.
Arguing over definitions is futile and avoids the elephant in the room – that there’s been almost no public outreach to support the field of chemistry in the last few decades to counteract growing public skepticism of science (and of chemistry in particular).
Furthermore, it’s even more futile arguing over definitions when the Oxford English Dictionary provides a clear answer to this debate:
chemical (noun) – a distinct compound or substance, especially one which has been artificially prepared or purified
I ask all chemists to embrace the dictionary definition of ‘chemical’ and stop bickering with the public over definitions.
My main concern here is that if “everything is a chemical”, then it therefore follows that ‘chemophobia’ is the fear of everything, which is nonsensical. If we’re going to talk about chemophobia, we’re also going to have to accept the definition of chemical that the OED and the public have been using for a long time: that “chemical” = “artificially prepared substance”.
So what do we call non-synthetic chemicals? Try using a word with less baggage such as “molecule”, “compound”, “substance” or “element” where it’s relevant. By using these words, we avoid the natural=good/artificial=bad divide, which is the central assumption of chemophobia.
‘Chemophobia’ is an irrational aversion to chemicals perceived as synthetic.
The word ‘chemophobia’ refers to a small subset of people who are not only disenfranchised by science, but who have subscribed to alternative sources of knowledge (either ancient wisdom or – sadly – Google). Many people with chemophobia are protesting against the establishment, and this is particularly evident in the anti-GMO movement. At the core of most people who oppose GMOs is a moral/political opposition to having their food supply controlled by giant corporations. No number of scientific studies concluding the safety and reliability of GMO crops will succeed in persuading them otherwise because the anti-GMO movement is founded on moral/political beliefs, not on science. By throwing science at them, we’re wasting our time.
More important than chemophobia
The Royal Society of Chemistry’s recent report on Public Perceptions of Science showed roughly a 20-60-20 range of attitudes towards chemistry.
No matter how the RSC phrased the question, roughly 20% of the UK public who were surveyed indicated a negative attitude towards chemistry, and another 20% showed a positive attitude. The 60% in the middle felt disconnected from the subject – maybe disliked it in school – but felt neutral towards it when asked.
Chemophobia afflicts some people in the bottom 20%. They gave negative word-associations with ‘chemistry’ (e.g. ‘accidents’, ‘dangerous’ and ‘inaccessible’).That bottom 20% group is so vocal (e.g. Food Babe) that they distract chemists from the 60% in who are neutral. The ‘neutral’ crowd is a much larger audience that’s much easier to engage/persuade through outreach efforts. We should focus on talking to them.
Neil deGrasse Tyson has said in interviews that his huge TV hit show COSMOS was aimed at “people who didn’t even know they might like science”. That’s the middle 60%. Brian Cox’s amazing Wonders of the Universe was aimed at a similar audience – but chemistry has nothing similar to offer. We’re engaging those who are already interested (with academic talks and specialist journals) and we’re engaging with the bottom 20% via social media and comments on foodbabe.com… but why haven’t we started engaging the middle 60%, who gets most of their science information from TV? How many chemistry TV icons can you name? Where are the multi-channel launches of big-budget chemistry documentaries*? Chemistry is lagging far behind biology and physics in that regard.
*BBC Four’s Chemistry: A Volatile History (2010) doesn’t count – it was only three episodes long, got no further than ‘the elements’ and was presented by a PHYSICIST!
Focus on the 60% who are ‘neutral’
I ask chemists to focus on addressing the disinterested 60%. From an outreach perspective, this is much more fun and is positive rather than reactionary. By engaging those who feel neutral about chemistry, we might even empower enough of the public to fight chemophobia (online, at least) by themselves – without our direct intervention.
I urge chemists to tell the public what you do in simple terms. Describe your work to the public. Tweet about it. Participate in your university/faculty’s YouTube videos by explaining your work and its relevance. Offer advice as a science correspondent for local media outlets (many universities have ‘expert lines’ – get involved). Give your ‘talk’ at local schools – it make a HUGE difference to students’ perceptions of science. Devote 5% of your working time to doing outreach. As a teacher, I’m practically doing it full-time.
Plus, we urgently need a chemistry TV hero. Could someone do that, too, please?
← Registration is open! LIVE Chemophobia Session Thursday 11th August @ 2pm ET →
4 thoughts on “Chemists need to speak the same language as the public”
Yet ‘organic’ is good? Amanitin is by definition organic, but I don’t see Whole Foods Markets stocking up on destroying angels and death caps.
There’s a really nifty book about chemistry misconceptions (and chemophobia is included). https://www.amazon.com/100-Chemical-Myths-Misconceptions-Misunderstandings/dp/3319084186
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Profª Cris Passinato says:
Reblogged this on Pesquisas de Química.
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News: Jaguar unveil new "virtual" concept car for computer gamers.
Jaguar unveil new "virtual" concept car for computer gamers.
1st November 2019
The all-electric Jaguar Vision GT Coupé has been designed and developed from the ground up taking inspiration from the brand’s incredible racing lineage. The iconic C-type and D-type influence its fearless futuristic design, while Jaguar’s I-TYPE 4 Formula E and I-PACE eTROPHY racing cars provide the technical foundations for its uncompromising racing performance.
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The virtual Jaguar of the future
Jaguar’s team of designers were given complete creative freedom to develop the perfect proportions and beautiful surfaces of this virtual Jaguar of the future.
Julian Thomson, Jaguar Design Director, said: “This project has been completely led by our young designers and represents a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity for them to create a vehicle steeped in our incredible heritage but pushing the boundaries of future design. The team have done an incredible job in creating something which is clearly identifiable as a Jaguar, inspired – but not constrained – by our iconic past.”
Providing gamers with 1,020PS (750kW) of power, 1,200Nm of torque, a 0-100km/h time of less than two seconds and perfectly balanced handling, the Jaguar Vision GT Coupé will be on the starting grid for GT Sport fans from the end of November.
Kazunori Yamauchi, Gran Turismo creator, President of Polyphony Digital Inc., said: “We are delighted to today announce the Jaguar Vision Gran Turismo project. It was a great experience for us to work with Julian Thomson who is the new design director now at Jaguar. The design and performance of this car is a result of the team's skill, craftmanship, and long years of collaborations together. We look forward to having drivers get behind the wheel next month.”
The influence of Jaguar’s rich racing pedigree is clear to see in the Vision GT Coupé’s assertive exterior lines and powerful, sculpted fenders which reflect those of the iconic Le Mans-winning C-type and D-type racing cars.
Where these heritage Jaguars pushed the boundaries of aerodynamics and braking technology, the Jaguar Vision GT Coupé features a deployable, active aero wing to optimise energy efficiency while generating the perfect amount of downforce.
Oliver Cattell-Ford, Exterior Designer, Jaguar Advanced Design, said: “This was the dream project for a car designer, creating a futuristic sports car for Gran Turismo means our designs and ideas could be truly limitless. It has to excite future generations and most importantly, look and feel unmistakably Jaguar.”
Beautiful shapes and purposeful proportions from three key cars in Jaguar’s racing heritage, the C-type, D-type and E-type, have influenced the form and graphics of the Jaguar Vision GT Coupé. Radical front fenders are reminiscent of the C-type, the epic plan shape is inspired by the ‘Long Nose’ D-type, and the fast and elegant cabin hints at the Lightweight E-type.
The virtual sports EV is crafted from experimental lightweight materials, with the light and stiff monocoque made from carbon-fibre composites and advanced aluminium alloys. This focused lightweight construction ensures the Jaguar Vision GT Coupé weighs just 1,400kg and delivers near 50:50 weight distribution.
The Vision GT Coupé is the first Jaguar to feature the iconic Leaper on the front grille. Elsewhere the historic references continue with the twin-charging sockets flanking the rear haunches, inspired by Jaguar’s revolutionary 1968 XJ saloon.
The interior of the Jaguar Vision GT Coupé has been designed to fuse Jaguar’s heritage with its contemporary interior philosophy of progressive luxury, purity, driver focus, and stunningly intricate details, all of which are allowed to breathe through the simplicity of the car’s design.
Chris Shaw, Interior Designer, Jaguar Advanced Design, said: “We’ve really pushed the limit to imagine how a future Jaguar sports car interior could look. The architecture is visually lightweight, simple, and dramatic; featuring advanced and experimental materials and finishes. Sitting in the stunningly considered cockpit and looking out onto the gracefully long bonnet of the Jaguar Vision GT Coupé – a view that is unmistakably Jaguar – the player will be fully immersed in the action.”
This selection of inspired details and inventive, innovative flourishes include hologram technology. The car features an on-board artificial intelligence system affectionately named “KITT-E” – a companion that would operate systems, and interface between the driver and machine to enhance the emotional connection with the car*. This technology can also display other useful information to the driver in a variety of formats, including three dimensional maps, and essential vehicle data.
The cockpit has been crafted to envelope the driver, creating a racing experience reminiscent of Jaguar’s Le Mans-winning D-types. It also features augmented reality digital side glass for enhanced vision either side of the car; the glass being able to highlight danger and obstacles, therefore increasing driver perception. Complimenting this, ahead of the driver is a transparent information cluster, displaying three-dimensional information inspired by iconic Smiths gauges, with rearward vision integrated either side in the screen’s simple wrapped design – all in perfect eye-line of the road ahead.
A unique soundscape has also been created to immerse the driver in a pure Jaguar racing experience. Led by the team responsible for the Jaguar I-PACE’s soundtrack, the Vision GT Coupé’s distinctive sound was created using brand new recordings of the 1957 Le Mans podium-finishing ‘603’ Long Nose D-type. Its race-spec 3.8 litre XK engine provides a unique layer, manipulated and woven into a futuristic and distinctive electric soundtrack.
To create the Jaguar Vision GT Coupé’s uncompromising racing performance the design team called on the same Panasonic Jaguar Racing engineers who lead the design and development of the brand’s I-TYPE 4 Formula E and I-PACE eTROPHY race cars. The car is powered by three powerful, compact motors – one driving both front wheels, the other two driving a rear wheel each – which together produce a combined 1,020PS (750kW) and 1,200Nm. Players will be propelled from 0-100km/h in less than two seconds and on to a maximum speed of more than 200mph.
James Barclay, Team Director, Panasonic Jaguar Racing said: “The opportunity to take what we have learned on the track from our time in Formula E and apply it to a futuristic Jaguar race car has been a great challenge for the Jaguar Racing engineers. With its all-electric motor design drawing on the technology from both the Jaguar I-TYPE 4 and eTROPHY race cars, we have accurately modelled the performance of the Jaguar Vision GT Coupé in the virtual world, creating a car that will be exhilarating to drive and a real threat to the competition.”
The Jaguar Vision GT will be available for players to download in Gran Turismo Sport for the Sony PlayStation 4 from the end of November and will first be driven by competitors in the latest round of Sony’s Gran Turismo World Tour event at the Tokyo Motor Show, Japan, from 26-27 October.
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Research Article| December 15 2015
Inequitable allocation of deep community wells for reducing arsenic exposure in Bangladesh
A. van Geen
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA
E-mail: avangeen@ldeo.columbia.edu
K. M. Ahmed
Department of Geology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
E. B. Ahmed
I. Choudhury
M. R. Mozumder
B. C. Bostick
B. J. Mailloux
Environmental Sciences, Barnard College, New York, NY, USA
Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development (2016) 6 (1): 142–150.
https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2015.115
PDF LinkPDF
A. van Geen, K. M. Ahmed, E. B. Ahmed, I. Choudhury, M. R. Mozumder, B. C. Bostick, B. J. Mailloux; Inequitable allocation of deep community wells for reducing arsenic exposure in Bangladesh. Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 1 March 2016; 6 (1): 142–150. doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2015.115
Community wells that extend deeper than most private wells are crucial for reducing exposure to groundwater arsenic (As) in rural Bangladesh. This study evaluates the impact on access to safe drinking water of 915 such intermediate (90–150 m) and deep (>150 m) wells across a 180 km2 area where a total of 48,790 tubewells were tested with field kits in 2012–13. Half the shallow private wells meet the Bangladesh standard of 50 μg/L for As in drinking water, whereas 92% of the intermediate and deep wells meet the more restrictive World Health Organization guideline for As in drinking water of 10 μg/L. As a proxy for water access, distance calculations show that 29% of shallow wells with >50 μg/L As are located within walking distance (100 m) of at least one of the 915 intermediate or deep wells. Similar calculations for a hypothetical more even distribution of deep wells show that 74% of shallow wells with >50 μg/L As could have been located within 100 m of the same number of deep wells. These observations and well-usage data suggest that community wells in Araihazar, and probably elsewhere in Bangladesh, were not optimally allocated by the government because of elite capture.
arsenic, Bangladesh, groundwater quality, public water supply allocations
Although the realization that shallow groundwater contained elevated levels of arsenic (As) dates to the late 1990s in Bangladesh, the population exposed in 2009 to levels above the World Health Organization guideline of 10 μg/L for drinking water was still estimated to be 52 million, almost half of whom were drinking water that did not meet the less restrictive Bangladesh standard of 50 μg/L (BBS/UNICEF 2011). Deep tubewells defined as >150 m deep by the government's Department of Public Health Engineering (DPHE) have become the mainstay of efforts to reduce exposure by providing public water points that are low in As (Johnston et al. 2014; Ravenscroft et al. 2014). One reason is that deep tubewells can supply drinking water that generally is of acceptable chemical and microbial quality for many years (van Geen et al. 2003, 2007; Howard et al. 2006; DPHE/JICA 2009; McArthur et al. 2010). A single deep tubewell located in a widely accessible public location can meet the needs of several hundred villagers (van Geen et al. 2003). Another reason for the popularity of deep wells is that although their cost of ∼$850 (Ravenscroft et al. 2014) is beyond the reach of most individual households in Bangladesh, they require little maintenance compared to the pond-sand filters and hand-dug wells that were initially given precedence in As-affected areas under the government's arsenic-mitigation policy (Johnston et al. 2014). These factors help explain why a growing share of government and donor funding has been used to install deep wells, almost 200,000 as of 2007 and many more since (DPHE/JICA 2009; Ravenscroft et al. 2014). The present contribution was motivated by the fact that few studies have evaluated the extent to which this massive intervention has had the intended impact of increasing access to safe drinking water.
The installation of several hundred thousand deep wells throughout the country is a positive development but has not fully addressed the still serious public-health issue of As exposure (Flanagan et al. 2012; Johnston et al. 2014). At the regional scale, one reason is that over half the deep wells have been installed in areas where the proportion of shallow high-As wells is modest and low-As water can often be accessed by sharing existing wells (DPHE/JICA 2009). Millions of households in more affected areas still live beyond 100–150 m from a deep well, which is the distance previous studies have shown to be the maximum most villagers in rural Bangladesh are willing to walk to fetch water (van Geen et al. 2003; Opar et al. 2007). Another reason for concern is that the proportion of untested shallow private wells in Bangladesh has grown significantly and households therefore often do not realize that their well is high in As (Ahmed et al. 2006; WASH 2008; DPHE/JICA 2009; George et al. 2012). Finally, even when households know that their well is high in As and a deep well is within walking distance, the perceived health benefits are not always sufficient to motivate fetching water from it several times a day because of social and other factors (Chen et al. 2007; Madajewicz et al. 2007; Mosler et al. 2010; Inauen et al. 2013; Johnston et al. 2014; van Geen et al. 2014).
This paper addresses a different reason why deep wells have yet to reach their full potential in terms of providing safe drinking water: insufficient attention paid to where deep wells are installed and how this selection affects public access. We take advantage of a recently completed blanket survey during which all wells within a 180 km2 rural area of Bangladesh with a population of 380,000 were tested with field kits and well-depth information was recorded (van Geen et al. 2014). The data are used to calculate distances from each shallow high-As well to the nearest deep low-As well as a proxy for impact on health. This measure has previously been shown to be an important factor affecting where households fetch their water in Bangladesh. Response surveys conducted in As-affected villages have shown that a majority of households living within 100 m of a community well switch to it and that this proportion drops off at greater distances (van Geen et al. 2003; Opar et al. 2007). Such responses have been confirmed by a particularly pronounced decline in urinary As levels for households that switch to a low-As community well (Chen et al. 2007). The distance calculations show that deep wells in Araihazar were not installed in a way that maximizes access to safe drinking water. After exploring possible reasons for the suboptimal allocation of this public good, the study concludes by suggesting that greater transparency and public discussions at the local level might increase the impact of future of deep-well installations.
The present study covers all 290 villages of Araihazar upazila where a total of 48,790 tubewells were tested for As with the ITS Econo-Quick field-kit as part of a blanket survey conducted from February 2012 to September 2013. As previously described for a subset of 61 villages from Araihazar (van Geen et al. 2014), metal placards were placed on each well according to the kit result: blue for As ≤10 μg/L, green for 10< As ≤50 μg/L, and red for As >50 μg/L, while monitoring the quality of the testing over the course of the intervention. Laboratory measurements carried out for a random subset of 503 samples indicate that 16% of these wells were incorrectly labeled but that exchanges in category were all across the blue-green transition at 10 μg/L or the green-red transition at 50 μg/L (van Geen et al. 2014). In other words, not a single well within the set of samples re-analyzed in the laboratory that was labeled with a blue placard on the basis of the field kit should have been labeled with a red placard, and not a single well labeled red should have been labeled blue. The exchanges were largely limited to concentrations just above or below the two transitions and were balanced in terms of over- vs. under-estimates. Throughout the testing campaign, a small fraction of randomly selected wells were also independently re-tested by the field supervisor for verification.
Well depth
Well depths (Figure 1(b)) were recorded on the basis of the recollection of the installation by the owner or local users. On the basis of this information, the blanket survey identified a total of 927 intermediate (77) and deep (850) wells distributed across the study area. We refer here to wells in the 90–150 m depth as intermediate and wells >150 m as deep. We use a depth of 90 m (300 ft) to distinguish shallow private wells installed within a day by a handful of drillers using the manual hand percussion (or ‘hand-flapper’) method from intermediate wells in the 90–150 m depth range, which require a larger team working for several days using a manual rotary drilling-direct circulation method with a double-acting (‘donkey’) pump (Ali 2003). Following the DPHE definition, we characterize wells >150 m deep only as ‘deep’ even though they are installed by exactly the same method as intermediate wells. Owing to the limits of the technology, there is no reason to believe that wells installed by the hand-flapper and reported to be <90 m deep could be deeper. On the other hand, the actual depth of donkey-pump wells could potentially be shallower than reported because the driller could reduce his costs without informing the contracting party.
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(a) Map of Araihazar upazila with colored dots used to show the status of 48,790 wells tested with a field-kit in 2012–13 with respect to As. The inset shows in white the area covered by Metropolitan Dhaka and Araihazar within a map of Bangladesh. Shown as thin black circles with a radius of 100 m are the locations of 915 intermediate and deep (>90 m) wells. Black triangles indicate the location and depth of five deep wells with >50 μg/L As with leaky casings. Larger circles identify the location and four wells with >50 μg/L As that showed no indication of a shallow leak. (b) East-west depth section of the same data showing, in addition, the As content of deep wells according to the same color scale. Please refer to the online version of this paper to see this figure in colour.
From a subset of wells, the pump head was removed and the depth checked with a metering cable weighted at the bottom. Twenty-five out of 927 intermediate and deep wells identified in 2012–13 contained >50 μg/L according to the original set of field tests. Among the 25 high-As wells, 11 turned out to be <90 m deep after verification. The depth of an additional well could not be checked because the owner did not give permission. The total number of intermediate and deep wells considered in this analysis is therefore 915, i.e., 927 minus the 12 wells whose depth turned out to be shallow or could not be verified.
Among the remaining 13 intermediate and deep wells identified in 2012–13 containing >50 μg/L according to the original set of field tests, four wells contained less than 50 μg/L As when re-tested with the field kit. Five of the remaining nine deep wells showed a clear indication of a leak of shallow water into the tubewell that could account for elevated As. The leaks were identified with a salt spiking method (Stahl et al. 2014) and a conductivity profiler (TLC Meter, Model 107, Solinst Canada Ltd, Georgetown, Ontario, Canada). Of the remaining four wells verified to contain As >50 μg/L and >90 m in depth, three contained 100–300 μg/L As and were located within the same village (Figure 2(a)). The fourth outlier contained 100 μg/L As and was located in a neighboring village at a distance of only 400 m.
Close-up map of a portion of Araihazar upazila with a high-resolution IKONOS image in grey-scale showing the status of wells with respect to As using the same symbols and color scale as in Figure 1: (a) the location of a subset of deep (>90 m) wells surveyed in 2012–13 and (b) the optimized location of a subset of the same number of wells selected from a regularly spaced grid. The two villages of Roynadi and Roynadi Kalagachhia contain four deep wells with >50 μg/L As that do not show evidence of a leak and are shown as larger circles. Please refer to the online version of this paper to see this figure in colour.
Well usage
Villagers residing near the intermediate and deep tubewells were interviewed at the pump/platform of 60 wells selected with a random number generator from two lists in order to independently assess the total number of users in October 2014. Thirty of the wells were randomly selected among the 150 wells installed at no charge to the community by Dhaka University in 2001–05 (van Geen et al. 2003, 2007) and, following an approximately 10% contribution provided by the local community, the non-governmental organization WaterAid, Bangladesh in 2009–10. These wells, referred to here as DU/WAB wells, were installed after consulting the local community about the location that would maximize the number of users. Thirty other deep wells installed between 2004 and 2013 were selected randomly among the remaining 765 (i.e., 915 minus 150) wells installed in Araihazar by the government's DPHE, typically in response to a local contribution of approximately 10% to the cost of installing a hand-pumped deep well (Ravenscroft et al. 2014). In addition, the accessibility of the two groups of 30 deep wells was compared qualitatively on a three-level scale ranging from low (isolated area inaccessible to non-household members), to medium (limited access provided to neighboring households), and high (public location accessible to any villager).
Distance calculations
The position of each of the 48,790 wells tested in 2012–13 was determined with hand-held Global Positioning System receivers (Figure 1(a)). Distance calculations between shallow wells with >50 μg/L and the 915 intermediate or deep wells were carried out using the Proximity tool in ArcGIS 10.2.1. The deep well closest to each of the unsafe shallow wells was considered in order to avoid double-counting of red wells located within 100 m of more than one deep well in the cases of deep wells less than 200 m apart (Figure 2(a)). These distances were chosen because 100 m is the distance most villagers in rural Bangladesh are willing to walk to fetch water. The same calculation was performed for a hypothetical distribution of deep wells positioned 200 m apart across the entire study area (Figure 2(b)). For this calculation, the centers of alternating east-west rows of wells were positioned mid-way relative to each other and the rows were separated by 173 m (sin 60 ° × 200 m) in order to obtain the densest possible grid of non-overlapping circles 200 m in diameter. From this grid, the location of the 915 wells with the largest number of high-As wells located within 100 m were then selected for the analysis.
Blanket testing identified a total of 48,790 wells, the status of almost two-thirds of which was unknown with respect to As prior to the 2012–13 testing. The overall proportion of blue (<10 μg/L), green (10–50 μg/L), and red (>50 μg/L) placards attached to each well after testing was 44%, 10%, and 46%, respectively. In agreement with previous findings for a subset of 61 villages in Araihazar (van Geen et al. 2014), the vast majority (97%) of well owners or users were correct in their assessment that a well was unsafe relative to 50 μg/L. A smaller proportion (77%) was correct in their assessment that a well was safe. Among the 902 (927 minus 25) deep wells that did meet the national standard of Bangladesh for As in drinking water, the kit gave readings of 0 μg/L for 81% of the tests, 10 μg/L for 13%, 25 μg/L for 5%, and 50 μg/L for 1%.
The follow-up survey for the two random subsets of 30 deep wells indicates considerable differences in usage (Figure 3(a)). Only 5 of the 30 DPHE wells had more than 100 users and averaged 71 ± 14 per users per well (1 standard deviation divided by the square root of the number of wells). In contrast, 23 of the 30 DU/WAB community wells had more than 100 users, with a corresponding average of 229 ± 21 users per well. According to the survey, access was also restricted to only household members for 12 of the DPHE-installed wells and none of the DU/WAB-installed wells (Figure 3(b)). Twenty-four of the 30 (80%) DU/WAB wells fell within the highest public access category. A distance calculation shows that the number of deep wells located within 200 m of each of the randomly selected 60 deep wells is considerably higher for the DPHE wells compared to the DU/WAB wells (Figure 4(c)).
Histogram of (a) the number of users per well, (b) the level of access to each deep well, and (c) the number of deep wells within 200 m of each deep well based on a survey of 30 randomly selected wells installed by DPHE and another 30 randomly selected wells installed by DU/WAB.
Spatial calculation of the number of unsafe wells in Araihazar located within 100 m of deep wells according to three different scenarios. (a) The actual location of up to 915 deep wells surveyed in 2012–13. Each unsafe well is counted only once by assigning to the closest deep well, even if circles with a 100 m radius of existing deep wells overlap. (b) The hypothetical location of deep wells positioned on a regular grid and ranked according to the number of unsafe wells within 100 m. (c) The actual location of 915 deep wells and additional deep wells positioned on a regular grid.
Distance calculations show that 6,471 shallow unsafe wells (29% of the total of 22,280 unsafe wells) were located within 100 m of at least one of the 915 intermediate or deep wells, including 13 high-As wells whose depths were verified (Figure 4). Another set of distance calculations based on the hypothetical grid of evenly distributed deep wells indicates 16,545 shallow unsafe wells (74%) located within 100 m of an equal number of 915 deep wells selected to maximize their impact. Starting from the current distribution of wells, a final set of calculations shows that an additional 1,857 deep wells would be sufficient to bring 90% of all unsafe wells in Araihazar within 100 m of a source of safe drinking water, provided that the additional wells are distributed according to the evenly spaced grid (Figure 4).
Insufficient well testing
From 1999 to 2005, a total of 4.7 million (mostly private) wells were tested with field kits across the portion of Bangladesh affected by As, covering about half of the country. The large fraction of wells of unknown status inventoried in Araihazar over a decade later (Figure 2(a)) is a serious public-health concern because it reflects the current situation in other As-affected areas as well (WASH 2008; DPHE/JICA 2009; George et al. 2012). The status of the vast majority of these wells was unknown not because households do not remember the test results from previous testing but because the wells were installed after the most recent testing campaign under the Bangladesh Arsenic Mitigation and Water Supply Program (BAMWSP), which in this area took place in 2003. Subsequently, only limited testing was conducted for public health research until 2012. The large proportion of wells with As >50 μg/L within the set of wells of unknown status not only indicates that numerous households were exposed to As without knowing it but also that their options in terms of switching to a nearby safe well is limited by lack of information. Despite repeated reports over the past decade that households continue to install wells and that most of these wells remain untested, the government of Bangladesh currently does not have a plan to support the testing of private wells at the village level on a long-term basis. UNICEF and the World Bank have supported pilot scale tests of well-testing for a fee but this service has not been implemented at any significant scale, despite evidence that there is considerable private demand for well tests (George et al. 2013; van Geen & Singh 2013).
Low arsenic in deep aquifers
The vast majority (>99.5%) of intermediate and deep wells in Araihazar yield groundwater that is very low in As. Some of the exceptions turned out to be wells <90 m deep, an installation problem reported elsewhere in Bangladesh (Ravenscroft et al. 2014). Other intermediate or deep wells inventoried in Araihazar may be shallower than reported but this did not increase their As content. Low As concentrations have been widely reported for deeper aquifers of Bangladesh, but there are regional exceptions elsewhere in the country (Hossain et al. 2012; Ravenscroft et al. 2014). Municipal pumping from the deep aquifer for the city of Dhaka has created a vast cone of depression that extends to Araihazar (Hoque et al. 2007) but the resulting downward flow has evidently not resulted in a widespread increase in As concentrations in deep aquifers. The four wells with >50 μg/L As in two neighboring villages warrant further study and justify periodic re-testing of wells currently low in As throughout the study area.
Unlike coastal and other areas of Bangladesh (Hug et al. 2011; Ravenscroft et al. 2014), salinity is not a major issue in deep aquifers of Araihazar. On the other hand, previous laboratory testing of a smaller sample of deep wells from the area has shown that a third of intermediate and deep wells exceed the health-based WHO guideline for manganese (Mn) in drinking water of 0.4 mg/L, which was in effect until recently, by a factor of 2–3 (van Geen et al. 2007). A smaller fraction of deep wells across the country also contain elevated levels of Mn (Ravenscroft et al. 2014). The health implications of chronic exposure to Mn present in groundwater, however, appear to be less severe than for As (Wasserman et al. 2006; Hafeman et al. 2007). In addition, concentrations of Mn in wells >90 m deep are, on average, considerably lower than in shallower private wells (van Geen et al. 2003, 2007). The findings from Araihazar support the argument of Ravenscroft et al. (2013) that enough is known about the resilience of deep aquifers with respect to As to justify the installation of tens of thousands of additional deep tubewells throughout the affected regions of Bangladesh.
Uneven distribution of deep wells
The shortage of testing and the suitability of deep aquifers as a drinking-water source in many parts of Bangladesh have been known for close to a decade. The present study concerns instead the spatial distribution of deep wells. The new data clearly show that some villages in Araihazar contain dozens of deep wells whereas others do not contain any, including many villages with very few existing low-As wells (Figure 2(a)). This explains why a more equitable distribution of the same number of deep wells (Figure 2(b)) would have brought almost three times as many exposed households within walking distance of a low-As source (Figure 4). The usage of the 30 DPHE-installed wells in Araihazar is consistent with the average of 97 users per deep tube well determined in a national survey of 349 deep wells (Ravenscroft et al. 2014). One reason for the three-fold higher average usage of DU/WAB-installed wells compared to DPHE wells could be that villagers have more deep wells to choose from in the villages that have been favored (Figure 3(c)). The large difference in public access between the two categories of deep wells suggests, instead, that neighbors who are not related to the household that owns the land where the deep well was installed by DPHE are discouraged from using it (Figure 3(b)).
Unless mitigation becomes more effective, continued exposure to As will place an enormous disease burden on Bangladesh, including increased mortality due to cardiovascular disease and cancers of the lung, liver, and bladder in adults, as well as diminished intellectual and motor function in children (Smith et al. 2000; Wasserman et al. 2004; Flanagan et al. 2012).
The government currently allocates funds to the local DPHE office in Araihazar to install 50–100 deep wells each year. The location of these installations is determined on the basis of input from the Upazila Nirbahi Officer (UNO), the senior local government official, the elected Upazila Parishad chairman, and the 12 Union Parishad chairmen. The local member of the national parliament also appears to hold significant sway over how deep wells are allocated. The clustering of deep wells and their frequent installation in areas where access is limited to the household of the land owner may indicate elite capture of a public good ostensibly intended to benefit the entire population (Bardhan & Mookherjee 2006; Hossain 2012). The influence of elected politicians on decisions affecting their constituency that should, in principle, be taken by non-partisan civil servants has been a growing problem in Bangladesh (Sobhan 2004).
A central feature of the current state of As mitigation in Bangladesh appears to be lack of information and transparency. Villagers throughout Bangladesh are aware of the health risks linked to drinking well water elevated in As, but most outside Araihazar do not know the status of their well and have no simple way to have it tested. Similarly, until the recent testing in Araihazar, DPHE headquarters, let alone the local population at large, were not fully aware of the highly clustered distribution of deep wells. One way forward might be to require that each Union Parishad, of which there are 12 in Araihazar for instance, provide maps suitable for public posting that indicate the current distribution of deep wells and plans for future installations. Priorities should be explained to the public on the basis of criteria that include public access and keeping a minimum distance between neighboring deep wells. These maps could incorporate any well-testing information that is available, e.g., the As data for ∼40,000 villages of Bangladesh blanket tested under BAMWSP more than a decade ago, in the form of pie diagrams for individual villages. This should make it obvious whenever a highly affected village has been neglected and, through locally elected representatives, could create pressure to remedy the situation and reduce the chances of elite capture. In other settings, it has been shown that greater community participation, monitoring, and transparency can result in more equitable allocation of a public good (Bjorkman & Svensson 2009; Chavis 2010; Madajewicz et al. 2014). A more even distribution of deep wells will not alleviate the need for education and reinforcement, as previous studies of deep-well usage in Bangladesh have indicated that social factors also affect whether households will stop drawing water from their own unsafe private well for drinking and cooking (Mosler et al. 2010; Inauen et al. 2013).
Deep aquifers have become an increasingly important public source of drinking water, not only in Bangladesh but also in neighboring countries where an additional population of at least 30 million may be exposed to As by drinking well water in India, Nepal, and Myanmar (Ravenscroft et al. 2009). Although the processes by which public goods are allocated in these countries may differ, the possibility of elite capture, including clustering and limited access to deep community wells, should be investigated and corrected if necessary.
The 2012–13 survey was supported primarily by a supplement to NIEHS Superfund Research Program grant P42 ES010349. We thank Peter Knappett for his participation in leak tests and comments on the manuscript. Peter Ravenscroft and several reviewers of a previous version of the manuscript also provided very helpful comments. This is LDEO contribution number 7937.
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Jac o' the North
Tag: Mark Fisher
A Fairytale Prince and Princess and a Web of Golden PR
On 31/07/2016 04/08/2016 By JacIn Welsh Labour32 Comments
BY A GUEST WRITER, ASSISTED BY ‘STAN‘
(illustrations by Jac o’ the North)
Revelations that Stephen Kinnock and his wife Helle Thorning-Schmidt sent their elder daughter Johanna to private schools are making waves in both Denmark and Wales in a tale so tangled that even Hans Christian Andersen would have cried the Danish equivalent of “WTF?”
So if you are sitting comfortably, let’s begin at the beginning. Well, sort of.
In Denmark private schools are heavily subsidised by the state which provides up to 87.5% of their funding, leaving parents to pay relatively modest fees by UK standards.
Private education has long been a contentious issue on the left of Danish politics, with the Social Democrats as ambivalent about it as their British counterparts in the Labour Party. Senior Social Democrats who have sent their children to private schools have attracted criticism from sections of the party, but it is not party policy to abolish private education, and unsurprisingly given how many of its top brass use private schools, the party now takes the line that it is a matter of individual choice.
Kinnock and Thorning-Schmidt have two daughters, and it was long their policy to keep their children out of the public eye. Their privacy was respected by the Danish press, to the extent that when Johanna’s education became an issue, the press had no recent pictures of the family. As we shall see, that changed when Stephen Kinnock launched his campaign to become Labour’s candidate for Aberavon, and was keen to stress his family values.
Non-dom
Kinnock, now 46, has an impressive back catalogue of controversies, and in Denmark none was bigger than the row over his non-dom status, despite being married to the country’s Prime Minister and having his family home in Copenhagen.
The tax row and the investigations and official inquiries which followed it ran on for years, finally coming to an end at around the time Kinnock was seeking to become Labour’s candidate in Aberavon. For those interested, a summary of this bizarre affair can be found here.
Certainly, media interest in his tax affairs gave Kinnock invaluable experience in how to deal with the press and answer awkward questions. Not only did he escape ever having to pay a penny in tax in Denmark, but the row over his conduct and his tax avoidance did not surface as an issue when he launched his campaign to be selected in Aberavon.
What questions Kinnock did face concerned his choice of school for his daughter Johanna, and here again lack of scrutiny by the UK media and a thick coating of Teflon served the Red Prince well.
The timings of events and revelations are important in forming an understanding of how, possibly with quite a lot of luck, possibly with skillful news management, and possibly a conspiracy of silence from some in the media, Stephen Kinnock and Helle Thorning-Schmidt were able to face elections in their respective countries without their daughter’s exclusive private schooling becoming an issue.
What Johanna did next – a timeline
Johanna Kinnock begins her secondary education at a state school in Copenhagen, but moves “for private reasons” to the rather more exclusive private Ingrid Jespersens Gymnasieskole which she attends between 2010 and 2012.
Fees at the school were DKr 1,500 per month (around £165), although as we shall see, Kinnock later suffered a lapse of memory about how much the family had actually paid.
In 2012 Johanna, then aged 16, is on the move yet again, this time to Hellerup Gymnasium, a state school where she stays for just one year.
2013 – Johanna packs her bags and heads off for the exclusive Atlantic College in the Vale of Glamorgan, where fees are currently £28,600. There she completes her secondary education in 2015, a year when both of her parents fight general elections in their respective countries.
A recent article in the Danish tabloid Ekstra Bladet (see translation below) suggests that Kinnock and his wife would have paid around £12,000 a year, including a £10,000 voluntary contribution based on his wife’s income as Prime Minister. The rest was paid by the Danish taxpayer under a grant scheme set up to help parents fund the cost of education abroad, and various unspecified “funds and sponsors”.
November 2013 – Hywel Francis announces that he will stand down at the UK general election in 2015, and so the race to find his successor begins, culminating in a vote by the constituency party on 22 March 2014.
There were seven candidates, of whom the early favourites were Jeremy Miles, a lawyer from Pontarddulais (now Labour AM for Neath), and Mark Fisher, local Unison official. Miles was understood to have won the backing of six local branches of the party and have had a clear lead over Fisher.
Somehow Kinnock came through with a late run to beat Miles by a short nose (106 – 105) on March 22, after a recount. This article from Left Futures by Jon Lansman – founder of Momentum – gives one explanation for how this happened.
In the run-up to the vote, Kinnock’s opponents began asking questions about Johanna’s schooling in Denmark, apparently unaware that she was by then living and studying just a few miles away at Atlantic College.
The Western Mail first picked up on the story on 19 February:
Stephen Kinnock slams ‘misleading claim’ that his daughter went to a private school
In this article Kinnock, with breathtaking chutzpah, told Martin Shipton that Ingrid Jespersen’s Gymnasieskole had cost only around £80 a month, and he added that she had gone on to “the equivalent of a sixth form college in Denmark which is wholly state funded”, neglecting to mention that she had since gone on from Hellerup Gymnasium to the £28,600 a year Atlantic College.
The very careful wording which obfuscated Johanna’s whereabouts seems to have put the media hounds off the scent, although they quickly discovered that fees at Ingrid Jerspersens Gymnasieskole were twice the level that Kinnock had claimed.
On 1 March 2014 Kinnock was back in the Western Mail to, ahem, “clarify” matters.
Stephen Kinnock ‘underestimated’ school fees for daughter
The newspaper article talks about attempts by Kinnock’s political opponents to undermine his campaign, and quotes Kinnock as follows:
“This was a fast-moving story and I was very keen to clarify some of the misleading things that were being said about my daughter’s schooling as rapidly as possible.”
Note the implication that it was other people who had been saying misleading things about his daughter’s schooling, rather than Kinnock himself.
The very next day, 2 March 2014, a Danish journalist working for Ekstra Bladet quoted a conversation he had just had with Shipton of the Mail:
‘”I have spoken to people in the party, and they are not impressed by his inaccuracies. They believe that this could influence Stephen Kinnock’s chances”, says Martin Shipton who is editor of the Welsh newspaper Western Mail which has reported on Kinnock’s misinformation.’
With three weeks to go to the crucial vote in Port Talbot, nobody seems to have picked up on the fact that Johanna was not in Copenhagen at all but just down the road. Another whole year and a bit later on 8 May 2015, and another Danish tabloid, BT, produced this very illuminating report just as the dust was settling:
This tender image is a rarity
The newspaper notes that Kinnock and Thorning-Schmidt had always been careful to shield their daughters from the media, so much so that BT had very few pictures of the two girls in its archive. All of that changed in March 2014 when Kinnock released a family portrait taken for use in his selection campaign, and Johanna is pictured again in the report cuddling up to her mother during the count on election night (7/8 May 2015).
The newspaper comments that this sudden change of tack was a strategic choice to portray the Kinnock Thorning-Schmidts as a family which sticks together, “something which means a lot in Wales”.
BT continues by recalling that Johanna had previously been in the limelight in Denmark when it emerged that she had been sent to the fee-paying Ingrid Jespersens Gymnasieskole, echoing a scandal which broke in 2010 when it emerged that a number of senior Social Democrats had children in private schools.
(Two revealing reports on the Kinnock’s attitude to private education appeared in the Danish publication BT; the first on May 9 2010; the second 11 June 2010; both updated 19 September 2012. The headline of the first translates as, ‘The truth about Helle’s spin’, the second, ‘Helle Thorning’s husband raging against private schools’. Translations (in summary) for both articles can be found by clicking here. Many thanks to our new Danish contact for the links, and to one of the authors of this piece for the translations. Jac)
“Today Johanna attends an international high school in Wales, the UWC Atlantic College, which is close to where Stephen Kinnock is living”, the piece says in conclusion.
Clearly, some in the media knew of Johanna’s whereabouts before the UK general election and probably before Kinnock was selected as Labour candidate for Aberavon. If the arrangements at Atlantic College had been known about, it is highly unlikely that Kinnock would have been selected, and if his handling of the affair had been known about, it would hardly have been a vote winner in Port Talbot in May 2015, come to that.
Instead, Kinnock based his campaign on family values, his close connections from his time at Xynteo with captains of industry, including Tata Steel bosses, and a promise to bring jobs to the town. Promises which were to evaporate after the general election even quicker than fairy dust.
Revelations that her daughter was attending a Dkr 250,000 a year school in Wales, partly at the expense of the Danish taxpayer, would not have helped Helle Thorning-Schmidt either when she faced voters in a general election on 18 June 2015.
Fortunately no hacks bothered to follow up on BT’s heartwarming report with its tender images.
Although the Social Democrats slightly increased their share of the vote, their coalition partners fared badly, and so ended Helle’s stint at the top.
But there is a happy ending because soon after resigning Helle landed the top job at Save the Children International in London, where her predecessor was reported to be earning £234,000 a year – rather more than the Prime Minister of Denmark.
Even more remarkable was that she landed the job despite coming under fire from, erm Save the Children among others, for implementing policies as prime minister which keep refugee children separated from their parents.
And there matters would have rested had it not been for wicked old Jac o’ the North spilling the magic beans on the whole convoluted saga a year later, with post-factual Kinnock claiming to have been open about his daughter’s schooling all the way along.
Labour and the Danish Social Democrats have come a long way since the days of the Little Match Girl who would now be facing deportation or arrest for pestering passers-by when she could go and get a proper job as a consultant.
Danish taxpayers pay for Helle and Kinnock’s daughter
Translation of an article which appeared in Ekstra Bladet on 30 July 2016.
Danish taxpayers paid Dkr 140,000 (around £16,000) for the two years former Prime Minister Helle Thorning-Schmidt’s daughter, Johanna, attended Atlantic College in Wales from August 2013 to June 2015.
Annual school fees at the private school are £28,600 – around Dkr 250.000 – but Helle Thorning-Schmidt and her husband Stephen Kinnock did not have to pay that.
Instead, they paid between Dkr 18,000 (£2,000) and Dkr 88,000 (£10,000) a year to send their daughter Johanna to Atlantic College in Wales.
This information comes from the website of United World Colleges (UWC).
UWC sends 15-20 Danish high school pupils to one of the organisation’s 15 schools every year in Europe, Costa Rica, India, Singapore, Swaziland, USA, Hong Kong and China.
The state paid Dkr 70,000 per year
UWC’s Danish website shows that the average fee per pupil is DKr 158,000 (£18,000) per year.
The Danish state contributes Dkr 70.000 (£8,000) towards the cost, a further Dkr 70,000 is provided by funds and sponsors, while parents contribute Dkr 18,000 (£2,000) a year.
UWC Denmark depends on donations from parents in order to give a place to young people a place at a UWC school, it says on the website.
Parents paid Dkr 18,000 per year
For this reason the organisation asks parents to make an additional contribution above the minimum of Dkr 18,000 per year.
UWC has a limited number of full bursaries. If a household’s total income is less than Dkr 250,000 a year before tax, parents can apply for a full bursary. Other parents pay a compulsory family contribution of Dkr 18,000 per year, the organisation states on its website.
It is therefore clear that the Thorning-Schmidt/Kinnock family paid a minimum of Dkr 18,000 a year to send their daughter to Atlantic College in Wales.
UWC asks parents to pay additional contributions beyond the Dkr 18,000 to the organisation.
Tax deductions of Dkr 15,000 per year
If parents wish to donate more than the compulsory DKr 18,000 contribution, they may claim tax relief of up to DKr 15,000 per year. It therefore follows, the organisation says, that the more parents who donate money, the more pupils will obtain a place.
UWC therefore suggests that parents pay an additional contribution from their taxable income.
UWC suggestion to parents
UWC’s proposals are as follows:
Parents with a taxable income of between Dkr 500,000 and Dkr 750,000 should pay between Dkr 15,000 and Dkr 45,000 per year.
Parents with a taxable income of between Dkr 750,000 and Dkr 1,250,000 should pay between Dkr 45,000 and Dkr 70,000 per year.
Parents with a taxable income of more than Dkr 1,250,000 should pay Dkr 70,000 per year.
As Prime Minister Helle Thorning-Schmidt earned Dkr 1,439,443.75 (£163,500) in 2013. Depending on her final declaration, she should therefore have paid an additional Dkr 70,000 to UWC.
Kinnock on Facebook
On his Facebook page Stephen Kinnock confirms that his daughter’s place at Atlantic College was partly financed by the Danish state.
Johanna’s stay at AC was partly financed under Danish rules governing grants for students studying abroad. The majority of AC’s students and those at other United World Colleges schools are financed by a mixture of state grants and national committees in their respective countries, Stephen Kinnock writes on Facebook.
Welsh blogger
He was reacting to accusations made by the Welsh blogger Jac o’ the North on his blog that Stephen Kinnock hid the fact that his daughter Johanna went to an expensive private school from Welsh voters when he was standing for selection for the Aberavon constituency in the spring of 2014 – a constituency which has returned a Labour MP since 1922.
Jac o’ the North says that Stephen Kinnock would not have been selected if Welsh voters had known that his daughter Johanna was going to the expensive Atlantic College.
I answered questions
Stephen Kinnock confirms on his Facebook page that his and Helle Thorning-Schmidt’s daughter’s stay at Atlantic College was partly financed by the Danish taxpayer.
I was asked about and answered questions about her schooling in Denmark (where she attended the private Ingrid Jespersens School from 2010 til 2012, Ed.), Stephen Kinnock wrote, failing to elaborate whether he would have answered if Welsh journalists had asked him if Johanna had gone to an expensive private school in Wales.
Jac says . . .
I still have difficulty believing that when Martin Shipton of Llais y Sais interviewed Kinnock in February 2014 he was unaware that the subject of the discussion, Johanna Kinnock, was already in her second term at Atlantic College.
Given Shipton’s support for the Labour Party, and remembering that his employers Trinity Mirror also support Labour, it could well be that the news was already circulating about Johanna but – perhaps as a favour to the girl’s grandparents – Trinity Mirror arranged for Shippo to ask the wrong questions in order to ‘settle’ the allegations of her being privately educated.
But let me, for once, push aside my usual draught of vitriol and drink of the milk of human kindness, (God! I’m going some here) and give Shippo the benefit of the doubt, and more, extend that benefit to all the other journos in Wales.
It’s entirely possible none of you knew that the grand-daughter of the ultimate champagne socialists, Lord and Lady Hypocrisy, whose father was seeking election to a Welsh constituency, was being educated at a very expensive school a few miles outside Cardiff . . . but if so, what does that say about you as journalists?
Maybe you should stick to belittling Welsh identity. That seems to be all that most of you are good for.
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Last week, I finally was able to produce an overhead snapshot which occurred during the last home game of the first round playoff game between the Blazers and Rockets. And we owe it to Craig Mitchelldyer of Mitchelldyer Photography. Mitchelldyer, who used to be a staff photographer with Community Newspapers a few years ago, recently help L.E. Baskow of the Portland Tribune and I set up camera remotes from the rafters at the Rose Garden, on backboard and from the floor. The inset picture shows...
Last week, I finally was able to produce an overhead snapshot which occurred during the last home game of the first round playoff game between the Blazers and Rockets. And we owe it to Craig Mitchelldyer of Mitchelldyer Photography. Mitchelldyer, who used to be a staff photographer with Community Newspapers a few years ago, recently help L.E. Baskow of the Portland Tribune and I set up camera remotes from the rafters at the Rose Garden, on backboard and from the floor. The inset picture shows where Baskow and I carefully clamped a camera with a 300 mm lense which was held securely by safety cables. I triggered the camera from a wireless remote which was attached to the hotshoe of my camera and also set off a second camera with a wide-angle lense which was set next to me on the baseline. All in all both Baskow and I came away with a good collection of photos while our competition used three photographers and a runner (a person who uploads the photographer's images.)
Copyright: Pamplin Media Communications
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CUBA DERMATOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION
R. Quero, M.D.
Arch Derm Syphilol. 1929;19(2):318-323. doi:10.1001/archderm.1929.02380200146014
This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables.
Purpura. Presented by Dr. Pardo-Castello. A colored woman, aged 24, complained of headache and sore throat one week before presentation, almost immediately numerous petechiae scattered all over the body, small papular and vesicular lesions and epistaxis appeared. The stools were bloody. There was a rise in temperature, which ranged between 38 and 39 C. (100.4 and 102.2 F.). At the time of presentation the patient was in a state of profound sepsis, with delirium and high fever. The mouth was partly open from which exuded serohemorrhagic fluid; the lips were enormously swollen and covered with bloody crusts. Petechiae and ecchymosis were abundant, particularly on the face and chest. The Wassermann reaction was negative. The blood count showed: red blood cells, 5,358,000 white blood cells, 7,100; polymorphonuclears, 63 per cent; lymphocytes, 25.5 per cent; mononuclears, 9.5 per cent; basophils, 1 per cent; eosinophils, 0.5 per cent and Turk's cells, 0.5 per
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Quero R. CUBA DERMATOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION. Arch Derm Syphilol. 1929;19(2):318–323. doi:10.1001/archderm.1929.02380200146014
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Substantial risk for treatment failure might exist with especially if treatment with topical scabicides fails purchase cheap super p-force oral jelly. Ivermectin should be Infants buy super p-force oral jelly 160 mg free shipping, Young Children buy super p-force oral jelly paypal, and Pregnant or combined with the application of either 5% topical benzyl Lactating Women benzoate or 5% topical permethrin (full body application to Infants order 160 mg super p-force oral jelly free shipping, young children, and pregnant or lactating women be repeated daily for 7 days then 2 times weekly until release should not be treated with lindane; however, they can be treated from care or cure). Ivermectin is not recommended for pregnant risks for neurotoxicity associated with both heavy applications or lactating patients, and the safety of ivermectin in children and denuded skin. Treatment failure can be caused by resistance crusted scabies, for which ivermectin has been reported to to medication, although faulty application of topical scabicides be efective in noncontrolled studies involving only a limited also can contribute to persistence — patients with crusted number of participants. Even when treatment is successful and reinfection is avoided, symptoms can persist or worsen as a Adults and Adolescents result of allergic dermatitis. Treatment with an alternative regimen is recom- specimens for forensic purposes, and management of potential mended for persons who do not respond to the recommended pregnancy or physical and psychological trauma are beyond treatment. Management of Sex Partners and Examinations of survivors of sexual assault should be Household Contacts conducted by an experienced clinician in a way that minimizes further trauma to the survivor. Evidentiary privilege an epidemic can only be achieved by treatment of the entire against revealing any aspect of the examination or treatment population at risk. If treatment was provided, testing should prophylactic antimicrobial treatment, compliance with follow be conducted only if the survivor reports having symptoms. As a result, routine preventive women are of particular concern because of the possibility of therapy after a sexual assault should be encouraged. Reproductive-aged female survivors should be evaluated for Tis vaccine should be administered to sexual assault pregnancy, if appropriate. Follow-up doses Evaluating Adults and Adolescents for of vaccine should be administered 1–2 and 4–6 months Sexually Transmitted Diseases after the frst dose. Follow-Up Examinations For those requiring alternative treatments, refer to the specifc sections in this report relevant to the specifc agent. After the initial postassault examination, follow-up exami- Te efcacy of these regimens in preventing infections after nations provide an opportunity to 1) detect new infections sexual assault has not been evaluated. Clinical man- the sexual abuse of children is frequently associated with mul- agement of the survivor should be implemented according to tiple episodes of assault and might result in mucosal trauma the following guidelines (78). Condylomata acuminata Suspicious Report† (anogenital warts)* Genital herpes* Suspicious Report†¶ Sexual Assault or Abuse of Children Bacterial vaginosis Inconclusive Medical follow-up Recommendations in this report are limited to the identif- Source: Adapted from Kellogg N, American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Child Abuse and Neglect. Te investigation of sexual Reporting abuse among children who have an infection that could have All U. Although the exact requirements with recommendations by clinicians who have experience and difer by state, if a health-care provider has reasonable cause training in all elements of the evaluation of child abuse, neglect, to suspect child abuse, a report must be made. Te social signifcance of an infection that might providers should contact their state or local child-protection have been acquired sexually and the recommended action service agency regarding child-abuse reporting requirements regarding reporting of suspected child sexual abuse varies by in their states. Collection of vaginal specimens in pre- Te general rule that sexually transmissible infections pubertal children can be very uncomfortable and should be beyond the neonatal period are evidence of sexual abuse has performed by an experienced clinician to avoid psychological exceptions. Because of a false-positive diagnosis, only tests with high specifcities of the legal implications of a diagnosis of N. Te potential beneft to the child of a reliable infection in a child, if culture for the isolation of N. Gram stains are inadequate to ers with experience in the evaluation of sexually abused and evaluate prepubertal children for gonorrhea and should assaulted children. Specimens Te scheduling of an examination should depend on the from the vagina, urethra, pharynx, or rectum should be history of assault or abuse. Isolates should be preserved to a repeat physical examination and collection of additional enable additional or repeated testing. Te exact timing and nature of either sex because the yield is low, perinatally acquired follow-up examinations should be determined on an individual infection might persist beyond infancy, and culture sys- basis and should be performed to minimize the possibility tems in some laboratories do not distinguish between for psychological trauma and social stigma. Only standard culture follow-up appointments might be improved when law enforce- systems for the isolation of C. Agents for which suitable tests are available • If caregivers choose for the child to receive antiretroviral include T. Such concerns might be an appropriate sexually abused child should be weighed against the risk for indication for presumptive treatment in some settings and adverse reactions. Efcacy of risk-reduction counseling to prevent human of human papillomavirus: a randomized clinical trial. Non-latex versus Recommendations for incorporating human immunodefciency virus latex male condoms for contraception. Patient-delivered men: results of a randomized controlled trial conducted in Orange Farm, partner treatment for male urethritis: a randomized, controlled trial. A randomized controlled trial of partner sion and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis and Trichomonas notifcation methods for prevention of trichomoniasis in women. Natural history of cervical and educable moments: sexually transmitted disease risk assessment intraepithelial neoplasia during pregnancy. Prevalence of rectal, urethral, and in pregnancy to prevent preterm delivery: recommendation statement. Sexual risk factors among self- transmitted infections among female adolescents aged 14 to 19 in the identifed lesbians, bisexual women, and heterosexual women accessing United States. Trends in herpes simplex the management of persons infected with human immunodefciency virus type 1 and type 2 seroprevalence in the United States. Use of a glycoprotein and valacyclovir for suppression of recurrent genital herpes and viral G-based type-specifc assay to detect antibodies to herpes simplex virus shedding. Te psychosocial impact the acceptance of herpes simplex virus type 2 antibody testing among of serological diagnosis of asymptomatic herpes simplex virus type 2 adolescents and young adults. Te psychosocial impact of testing antibodies in subjects with culture-documented genital herpes simplex individuals with no history of genital herpes for herpes simplex virus virus-1 or -2 infection. Acyclovir-resistant genital her- the suppression of recurrent genital herpes: a randomized controlled pes among persons attending sexually transmitted disease and human trial. Valaciclovir for the suppression of recurrent genital herpes cesarean delivery on transmission rates of herpes simplex virus from simplex virus infection: a large-scale dose range-fnding study. Patients‘ preference of following systemic prenatal acyclovir exposure: conclusions from the valacyclovir once-daily suppressive therapy versus twice-daily episodic international acyclovir pregnancy registry, 1984–1999. Primary syphilis: serological treatment herpes simplex virus recurrence at delivery: a systematic review. Ceftriaxone therapy for placebo-controlled trial of acyclovir in late pregnancy for the reduction incubating and early syphilis. Guidelines for the laboratory diagnosis of gonorrhea, chlamydia mutation in Treponema pallidum in the United States and Associated and syphilis. Syphilis testing algorithms using treponemal tests for initial and clinical abnormalities after treatment of neurosyphilis. Seronegative secondary malities in patients with syphilis: association with clinical and laboratory syphilis in 2 patients coinfected with human immunodefciency virus. A randomized or neurosyphilis to ceftriaxone therapy in persons infected with human comparison of azithromycin and doxycycline for the treatment of immunodefciency virus. Mycoplasma genitalium as a contributor to the multiple etiologies of cervicitis in women among young adults in the United States: an emerging sexually trans- attending sexually transmitted disease clinics. Interrelationships of bacterial vaginosis and infection: implications for screening, testing, and treatment. Detection and quantifDetection and quantifca-ca- among women with nongonococcal, nonchlamydial pelvic infamma- tion of Mycoplasma genitalium in male patients with urethritis. Etiologies of nongonococ- vaginosis and leukorrhea as a predictor of cervical chlamydial or gono- cal urethritis: bacteria, viruses, and the association with orogenital coccal infection. Need for diagnostic screening of women with bacterial vaginosis: relation to vaginal and cervical infec- herpes simplex virus in patients with nongonococcal urethritis. A randomized trial of azithro- orrhea- and chlamydia-associated acute pelvic infammatory disease: a mycin versus amoxicillin for the treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis 25-year study from an urban area of central Sweden. Pediatr Infect Dis tiveness of screening men for chlamydia to prevent pelvic infammatory J 1998;17:1049–50. Pharyngeal gonorrhoea—is dual therapy tests in the diagnosis of chlamydial and gonococcal infections of the the way forward? Antimicrob Agents Chemother tory of untreated Chlamydia trachomatis infection in the interval 2008;52:3564–7.
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Clinical Uses: Erythromycin is the drug of choice in corynebacterial infections (diphtheria, corynebacterial sepsis, erythrasma); in respiratory, neonatal, ocular, or genital chlamydial infections; and in treatment of community-acquired pneumonia because its spectrum of activity includes the pneumococcus, Mycoplasma, and Legionella. Erythromycin is also useful as a penicillin substitute in penicillin-allergic individuals with infections caused by staphylococci, streptococci, or pneumococci. Adverse Reactions Gastrointestinal Effects: Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Liver Toxicity: Erythromycins, particularly the estolate, can produce acute cholestatic hepatitis (reversibile). It increases serum concentrations of oral digoxin by increasing its bioavailability. Clarithromycin and erythromycin are virtually identical with respect to antibacterial activity except that clarithromycin has high activity against H. Clarithromycin penetrates most tissues, with concentrations equal to or exceeding serum concentrations. The advantages of clarithromycin compared with erythromycin are lower frequency of gastrointestinal intolerance and less frequent dosing. Azithromycin The spectrum of activity and clinical uses of azithromycin is identical to those of clarithromycin. Clindamycin Clindamycin is active against streptococci, staphylococci, bacteroides species and other anaerobes, both grampositive and gram-negative. Clinical uses: Clindamycin is used for the treatment of severe anaerobic infection caused by Bacteroides. It is used for prophylaxis of endocarditis in patients with valvular heart disease who are undergoing certain dental procedures. Clindamycin plus primaquine is an effective for moderate to moderately severe Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Adverse effects: Diarrheas, nausea, and skin rashes, impaired liver functions are common. Severe diarrhea and enterocolitis is caused by toxigenic C difficile (infrequently part of the normal fecal flora but is selected out during administration of oral antibiotics). Pharmacokinetics: Aminoglycosides are absorbed very poorly from the intact gastrointestinal tract. The kidney clears aminoglycosides, and excretion is directly proportionate to creatinine clearance. Ototoxicity can manifest itself either as auditory damage, resulting in tinnitus and high-frequency hearing loss initially; or as vestibular damage, evident by vertigo, ataxia, and loss of balance. Nephrotoxicity results in rising serum creatinine levels or reduced creatinine clearance. Streptomycin Streptomycin is mainly used as a first-line agent for treatment of tuberculosis. Adverse Reactions: Disturbance of vestibular function (vertigo, loss of balance) is common. The frequency and severity of this disturbance are proportionate to the age of the patient, the blood levels of the drug, and the duration of administration. Vestibular dysfunction may follow a few weeks of unusually high blood levels or months of relatively low blood levels. Gentamicin Gentamicin inhibits many strains of staphylococci and coliforms and other gram-negative bacteria. It is a synergistic companion with beta-lactam antibiotics, against Pseudomonas, Proteus, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Serratia, Stenotrophomonas, and other gram-negative rods that may be resistant to multiple other antibiotics. Gentamicin is also used concurrently with penicillin G for bactericidal activity in endocarditis due to viridans streptococci. Creams, ointments, or solutions gentamicin sulfate are for the treatment of infected burns, wounds, or skin lesions. It is resistant to many enzymes that inactivate gentamicin and tobramycin, and it therefore can be employed against some microorganisms resistant to the latter drugs. Strains of multidrug- resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis, including streptomycin-resistant strains, are usually susceptible to amikacin. Kanamycin, Neomycin, Paromomycin These drugs are closely related is also a member of this group. Neomycin and kanamycin are too toxic for parenteral use and are now limited to topical and oral use. In hepatic coma, the coliform flora can be suppressed for prolonged periods by giving 1 g every 6-8 hours together with reduced protein intake, thus reducing ammonia intoxication. Spectinomycin Spectinomycin is an aminocyclitol antibiotic that is structurally related to aminoglycosides. Spectinomycin is used almost solely as an alternative treatment for gonorrhea in patients who are allergic to penicillin or whose gonococci are resistant to other drugs. Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors Nalidixic acid Nalidixic acid is the first antibacterial quinolone. It is not fluorinated and is excreted too rapidly to have systemic antibacterial effects. Because of their relatively weak antibacterial activity, these agents were useful only for the treatment of urinary tract infections and shigellosis. Fluoroquinolones Quinolones are synthetic fluorinated analogs of nalidixic acid, that nucleic acid synthesis. Ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin inhibit gram-negative cocci and bacilli, including Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas, Neisseria, Haemophilus, and Campylobacter. Intracellular pathogens such as Legionella, Chlamydia, M tuberculosis and M avium complex, are inhibited by fluoroquinolones. The fluoroquinolones are excreted mainly by tubular secretion and by glomerular filtration. Clinical Uses: Fluoroquinolones are effective in urinary tract infections even when caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria, eg, Pseudomonas. Norfloxacin 400 mg, ciprofloxacin 500 mg, and ofloxacin 400 mg given orally twice daily and all are effective. These agents are also effective for bacterial diarrhea caused by Shigella, Salmonella, toxigenic E coli, or Campylobacter. Fluoroquinolones (except norfloxacin, which does not achieve adequate systemic concentrations) have been employed in infections of soft tissues, bones, and joints and in intra- abdominal and respiratory tract infections, including those caused by multidrug-resistant organisms such as Pseudomonas and Enterobacter. Ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin are effective for gonococcal infection, including disseminated disease, and ofloxacin is effective for chlamydial urethritis or cervicitis. Concomitant administration of theophylline and quinolones can lead to elevated levels of theophylline with the risk of toxic effects, especially seizures. Thus, they are not routinely recommended for use in patients under 18 years of age. Since fluoroquinolones are excreted in breast milk, they are contraindicated for nursing mothers. It is well absorbed after oral administration and excreted mainly through the liver into bile. It is relatively highly protein- bound, and so adequate cerebrospinal fluid concentrations are achieved only in the presence of meningeal inflammation. Occasional adverse effects include rashes, thrombocytopenia, nephritis, cholestatic jaundice and occasionally hepatitis. Rifampin induces microsomal enzymes (cytochrome P450), which increases the elimination of anticoagulants, anticonvulsants, and contraceptives. Administration of rifampin with ketoconazole, or chloramphenicol results in significantly lower serum levels of these drugs. The oral, absorbable sulfonamides can be classified as short-, medium-, or long acting on the basis of their half-lives. Sulfonamides inhibit both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, Nocardia, Chlamydia trachomatis, and some protozoa. Some enteric bacteria, such as E coli, Klebsiella, Salmonella, Shigella, and Enterobacter, are inhibited. Pharmacokinetics: They are absorbed from the stomach and small intestine and distributed widely to tissues and body fluids, placenta, and fetus.
In fact purchase discount super p-force oral jelly on-line, Risky use and addiction also have high rates of addiction frequently is characterized as a disease co-occurrence with many mental health where relapse is virtually inevitable buy super p-force oral jelly line. Yet buy generic super p-force oral jelly 160 mg, this problems including depression purchase super p-force oral jelly 160 mg online, anxiety, post- conception of addiction might be due to the traumatic stress disorder, bipolar disorder, focus of research studies on those with the most schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric severe manifestations of addiction, who disorders such as attention deficit/hyperactivity experience multiple episodes of symptom disorder, conduct disorder and eating relapse and co-existing health and social 98 disorders. The association between addiction problems over the course of many years or even 107 and co-occurring health conditions can result a lifetime. Substance use may addiction actually receive adequate, effective, 108 precipitate the onset of other conditions such as evidence-based treatment. Other times, high rates of relapse may be due, at least in the health conditions may precede the onset of part, to inadequate or ineffective interventions 109 addiction, as often occurs with mood disorders and treatments. It doesn’t mean types of conditions also may co-occur as a that the treatment doesn’t work, it just means function of an underlying psychological or 97 that you need to continue treatment. Boston University School of Medicine Addiction Can Be a Chronic Disease Once an individual develops addiction, changes in the brain’s reward circuitry may remain even 103 after cessation of substance use. These changes leave addicted individuals vulnerable to * physiological and environmental cues that they Relapse rates for those with addiction are have associated with substance use, increasing comparable to relapse rates for those with other chronic diseases. This approach has contributed to the critical because it influences how individuals concern that viewing addiction as a disease with addiction are treated in society and guides might: the nature of the services provided to address the 110 disease. The current model of addiction 111 Release the individual from personal recognizes that it is a complex brain disease responsibility and the need for self- and that multiple determinants and systems 119 control, and influence substance use and its progression to 112 addiction. Although this model is based on a Engender feelings of hopelessness with large and growing body of scientific evidence, regard to effective treatment and the treatment practice and public attitudes still 120 possibility of recovery. These concerns, however, rarely are raised in 113 relation to other health problems and appear, at Since the 1700s, with few exceptions, two least in part, to be reflective of the moral model different models have dominated society’s views of addiction. Addiction The moral model of addiction framed addiction primarily as a failure of personal responsibility America’s approach to addressing substance use or morality. This approach has to effective marketing by the tobacco industry, contributed to: that view was replaced by one of tobacco use as 122 glamorous and even healthful, only to be The stigma associated with addiction, supplanted in the mid-1960s by a growing attaching blame to the individual, creating understanding that cigarette smoking is a shame and embarrassment, increasing the significant contributor to poor health and 123 likelihood of discrimination and decreasing disease. Physicians prescribed marijuana and cocaine for th a variety of ailments in the late part of the 19 Restrictions in benefits for addicted century only to scale back in the first decades of th individuals. In response to the proliferation of including welfare, unemployment marijuana, hallucinogen, cocaine and heroin use assistance, job training, food stamps and in the late 1960s and early 1970s--and their 117 public housing on passing a drug test. This trend would ready the patient for treatment or actually toward criminalization was reflected in federal providing treatment and follow-up care; the and state laws such as New York’s Rockefeller guidelines also specify the actions and Drug Laws which created mandatory minimum knowledge required for each level of physician 134 sentences of 15 years to life for possession of involvement. In 1989, a third of a century four ounces of narcotics (about the same as a after declaring that alcoholism is a disease, the 127 sentence for second-degree murder). Comprehensive Alcohol underlying addiction and the development of Abuse and Alcoholism Prevention, Treatment, evidence-based pharmaceutical and psychosocial 139 and Rehabilitation Act of 1970 recognized therapies to treat it. Yet it was not until the alcoholism as “an illness requiring treatment and late 1990s that addiction began to gain broader 132 140 rehabilitation. The Council on The history of addiction as a brain disease looks Mental Health, its Committee on Alcoholism, and a lot like the history of atoms or germs, insofar the profession in general recognizes this syndrome as these were all older and controversial ideas of alcoholism as illness which justifiably should 133 for which scientific confirmation later became have the attention of physicians. However, highly th effective marketing campaigns conducted during the early and mid-20 century by the major tobacco companies tremendously enhanced the appeal of smoking for men and women alike. The image of the cigarette smoker projected by such campaigns--and by the entertainment media--was that of glamour, sophistication and even fitness. Some medical professionals even signed on to the health message; tobacco advertisements featured physicians and 142 some appeared in medical journals. In 1950, a landmark study linking smoking to lung cancer was published in 143 the prestigious Journal of the American Medical Association. Over the next decade, more than 7,000 articles were 144 published linking smoking with lung cancer and other life-threatening diseases. Surgeon General’s Report on Smoking and Health was published, concluding that smoking was hazardous to health and that 145 immediate action was warranted. The truth about the dangers of smoking and the health consequences of second-hand smoke, finally reached the public through unmistakable health evidence and powerful anti-tobacco health and legal campaigns. Perceptions of smoking (and smokers) largely turned negative, public policy shifted toward widespread bans and restrictions on smoking, and smoking rates have declined significantly. The duality of alcohol--as a staple for celebrations, religious rituals or relaxing with family and friends, and on the other hand as an underlying driver of crime, poverty, family dysfunction and illness--has a very long history. Alcohol was considered in early America to be helpful for curing ailments, natural and healthy when used in moderation, as an important source of nutrients and as a healthier alternative to water which often was 146 th th contaminated. The 19 and early 20 centuries saw a change in attitudes wherein excessive alcohol use was seen as an impediment to worker productivity and as a contributing factor to problems such as domestic violence, poverty 147 148 and crime. Once the futility of prohibition became apparent and the law ultimately repealed, alcohol has been both extolled through ubiquitous marketing and condemned for its tremendous societal and health-related costs. Conflicting views on the dangers versus benefits of alcohol use persist with a growing list of scientific findings that the health and social risks of excessive alcohol use and dangers of underage drinking outweigh any ostensible health benefits of non-excessive drinking. In colonial America, marijuana was a major commercial crop alongside tobacco and was grown for its fiber much like cotton. Between the mid-19th and 20th centuries, marijuana was even prescribed for various medical conditions including labor pains, nausea and rheumatism. In the 1950s, marijuana use became increasingly popular and, in the 1960s, it became a symbol of rebellion against authority. The 1980s and early 1990s saw the passage of strict laws and mandatory sentences for possession of marijuana as well as the development of stronger strains of the 149 drug. In recent years, a growing number of states have enacted laws bypassing the established process of bringing 150 drugs to market in the U. The prescribing and dispensing of opioids by physicians and pharmacists were the major causes of the th 151 increase in narcotic use (and addiction) that occurred in the 19 century. At the turn of the 20 century, the Bayer Pharmaceutical Company promoted 153 heroin as “the sedative for coughs. Increased concern about the spread of opioid addiction prompted the passage of several Acts restricting the use and distribution of narcotics and making their non- 155 medical use illegal. Since that time, perceptions of narcotic/opioid use diverged dramatically, with prescription opioids marketed as beneficial and illegal opioids seen as a scourge. In the late 1990s, the growth in the use of prescribed pain relievers, tranquilizers and stimulants resulted in a widespread epidemic of prescription drug misuse and addiction among people of all ages, which now pose an even larger addiction problem than their illegal 156 157 counterparts. The health consequences of use of these substances increase 160 Part of the problem in understanding the nature with frequency and quantity of use. The of addiction is the lack of precision and continuum of use ranges from no use on one uniformity in the terms used to describe it and end, to use that does not involve negative distinguish it from substance use that threatens consequences, to risky use--a public health 158 problem, to addiction--a medical problem. Various terms such as experimentation, use, misuse, risky use, hazardous use, excessive use, abuse, Risky Substance Use: A Public Health dependence and addiction can be found in the Problem. Nor is there More specifically, it includes the following recognition that the severity and consequences (sometimes-overlapping) categories: of different levels of use vary considerably by substance and with the age, gender and health Use of any addictive substance by people status of the user. Further confusion can be found in the misuse of the word “treatment” which historically has been The notion of critical periods, so integral to the used to refer to a host of interventions including development of language or musical skills, is detoxification, clinical treatment and relevant to the development of addiction as professionally-administered disease well. It is clear from my work in addiction medicine that use of addictive substances is management, social and mutual support and * 159 like a traumatic brain injury to a young person. Rarely has the term Any use by young people before brain treatment been reserved for those interventions 161 development is complete equals risky use. University of Florida College of Medicine and McKnight Brain Institute As with other diseases, precise definitions are Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience, essential to be able to stage the disease and Anesthesiology, Community Health & develop effective interventions and treatments. Family Medicine Chairman, Department of Psychiatry The Continuum of Substance Use † Regardless of the legal status of the substance. Substance use includes smoking or otherwise ‡ The term risky use was chosen to reflect a range of ingesting tobacco products, drinking alcohol or health and social risks inherent in the use of these substances and to underscore the fact that significant hazards can result from such use even in the absence of clinical addiction. Social and Age 21 was selected because of the cultural marker mutual support and other auxiliary services can be of adulthood in the U. Executive Director Annenberg Physician Training Program in Misuse (non-medical use) of controlled Addictive Disease prescription drugs and over-the-counter Associate Clinical Professor ** medications --i. At the end of taking prescription or over-the-counter medications the continuum of substance use are those who that can interact with alcohol; (5) individuals with meet clinical criteria for addiction. At the extreme end of the continuum is or coordination, or in situations where impaired judgment could cause injury or death (e. Although drinking alcohol, as described For data analysis purposes, the national survey in (4) through (6) is considered risky substance use, examined for this report defines misuse of controlled estimates of rates of risky substance use in this report prescription medications more generally as “taking a do not include these criteria since they are not controlled prescription drug not prescribed for you or directly measured in the national surveys that were taking it in a manner not prescribed for the analyzed for this study. Act of 1970 which created a system for classifying § Binge drinking on at least five occasions in the past illicit and prescription drugs according to their 30 days. In the ** In accordance with the federal Controlled analyses presented in this report, illicit drugs include Substances Act of 1970 which created a system for marijuana/hashish, cocaine/crack, heroin, classifying illicit and prescription drugs according to hallucinogens, Ecstasy, methamphetamine and their medical value and their potential for misuse.
Anatomically can be described in two parts the abdominal part (pars abdominalis) and pelvic part (pars pelvina) buy super p-force oral jelly pills in toronto. The ureter is composed of three layers: outer fibrous layer (tunica adventitia) order cheapest super p-force oral jelly and super p-force oral jelly, muscular layer (tunica muscularis) and mucous layer (tunica mucosa) purchase super p-force oral jelly master card. The muscular layer can also be subdivided into 3 fibre layers: an external longitudinal buy 160 mg super p-force oral jelly free shipping, a middle circular, and an internal longitudinal. During migration from the sacral region the two metanephric blastemas can come into contact, mainly at the lower pole. The kidneys and ureters usually function adequately but there is an increased incidence of upper urinary tract obstruction or infection. Some horseshoe variations have been described as having associated ureter abnormalities including duplications. Urorectal Septum Malformation thought to be a deficiency in caudal mesoderm which in turn leads to the malformation of the urorectal septum and other structures in Horseshoe kidney the pelvic region. Recent research has also identified the potential presence of a persistent urachus prior to septation of the cloaca (common urogenital sinus). There may also be other anomolies associated with failure of closure of abdominal wall and bladder (epispadias, pubic bone anomolies). In diabetes insipidus there is an excretion of large amounts (up to 30 litres/day) of a watery urine and an unremitting thirst (More? The intermediate mesonephros develops and disappears with the exception of its duct, the mesonephric duct, which will form the male reproductive duct system. A few mesonephric tubules remain as efferent ductules in the male and vestigial remnants in the female. Multicystic Kidney - There is no functional kidney tissue present in the kidney and it is replaced by a multilocular cyst. The rests are further characterised by the time of generation leading to different anatomical kidney locations: early intralobar nephrogenic rests (within the renal lobe) and late pelilobar nephrogenic rests (periphery of the renal lobe) (More? Mesonephric duct (Wolffian Duct) and paramesonephric (Mullerian Duct) contribute the majority of male and female internal genital tract respectively. Reproductive development has a long maturation timecourse, begining in the embryo and finishing in puberty. X inactivation occurs randomly throughout the embryo, generating a mosaic of maternal and paternally derived X chromosome activity in all tissues and organs. This population of cells then lie at the hindgut yolk sac junctional region and later migrate into the genital ridge (germinal ridge) in early embryonic development. The mesonephric duct (purple) differentiates under the influence of Testosterone secreted by Leydig cells. Within the testes these mesonephric tubules grow towards the medullary sex cords and will form the rete teste. The medullary sex cords (orange) form testis cords that later differentiate into solid seminiferous tubules which become hollow and actively produce spermatazoa during puberty. The tunica albuginea (white) covers the testis and bands extend inward to form connective tissue septa. In females, it is produced by supporting gonadal granulosa cells and is involved in ovarian follice development. The paramesonephric duct (red, left) grows forming the oviduct (uterine horn) and the end opens into the peritoneal cavity and Infant ovary terminates in fimbria (finger-like extensions). The cortical sex cords (orange) form after the primary sex cords degenerate and mesothelium forms secondary cords. Vagina Development The embryonic origin of the vagina has been a historically hotly debated issue with several different contributions and origins described. Fetal late embryonic male genital development and now in fetal Paramesonephric duct development we will firstly observe early fetal female development. Indifferent stage ‐ cloaca divided by proliferating mesenchyme forming urorecal septum, ventral urethral, dorsal anal pit. Female Genitalia Development This looped animation shows the development of external female genitalia from the indifferent external structure, covering the approximate period of week 9 to 12. The urogenital folds beneath the genital tubercle remain separate (unfused), forming the inner labia minora and second outer skin folds form the larger labia majora either side of the developing vestibule of the vagina. Note at the top of the animation, the Newborn uterus changing relative size of the genital tubercle as it forms the glans of the clitoris. Note the original cloacal membrane becomes separated into the urogenital membrane and anal membrane (identical to female). The scrotal sac is initially empty and is an attachment site for the gubernaculum, descent of the testes begins generally during week 26 and may take several days. Gonad Descent Both kidney and gonads develop retroperitoneally, with the gonads moving into the abdomen or eventually into the scrotal sacs. During fetal development the gubernaculum and fetal growth in both male and female, changes the gonads’ relative positions finally reaching their adult locations. Ovaries ‐ undergo caudal and lateral shifts to be suspended in the broad ligament of the uterus, gubernaculum does not shorten, it attaches to paramesonephric ducts, causing medial movement into the pelvis. Testes ‐ two anatomical phases in descent, transabdominal and transinguinal, under the influence of the shortening gubernaculum. The testis (white) lies in the subserous fascia (spotted) a cavity processus vaginalis evaginates into the scrotum, and the gubernaculum (green) attached to the testis shortens drawing it into the scotal sac. As it descends it passes through the inguinal canal which extends from the deep ring (transversalis fascia) to the superficial ring (external oblique muscle). Incomplete or failed descent can occur unilaterally or bilaterally, is more common in premature births, and can be completed postnatally. Female Puberty growth In females, menarche (the first menstruation or a period) usually occurs after the other secondary sex characteristics, and will continue until menopause (permanent cessation of reproductive fertility). The diagram shows the hormonal regulation pathway from the brain to the ovary and subsequent impact on uterine changes during the menstral cycle. Delayed Puberty - Determined in boys by a lack of increase in testicular volume by the age of 14 years. Cryptorchidism abnormality of either unilateral or bilateral testicular descent, occurring in up to 30% premature and 3-4% term males. Undescended Ovaries reasonably rare gonad abnormality, often detected following clinical assessment of fertility problems and may also be associated with other uterine malformations (unicornuate uterus). Due to the relative positions of the male (external) and female (internal) gonads and the pathways for their movement, failure of gonad descent is more apparent and common in male cryptorchidism than female undescended ovaries. Hydrocele Male Hydrocele is a fluid-filled cavity of either testis or spermatic cord, where peritoneal fluid passes into a patent processus vaginalis. Female Hydrocele is a similar, but rarer, fluid-filled cavity occuring in the female as a pouch of peritoneum extending into the labium majorum (canal of Nuck). Tract Abnormalities Many different forms Uterine: associated with other anomolies, unicornuate uterus Vagina: agenesis, atresia Ductus Deferens: Unilateral or bilateral absence, failure of mesonephric duct to differentiate Uterine Duplication (uterus didelphys, double uterus, uterus didelphis) A Uterine abnormalities rare uterine developmental abnormality where the paramesonephric ducts (Mullerian ducts) completely fail to fuse generating two separate uterus parts each connected to the cervix and having an ovary each. External Genitalia - Hypospadia Unicornate uterus most common penis abnormality (1 in 300) from a failure of male urogenital folds to fuse in various regions and resulting in a proximally displaced urethral meatus. The cause is unknown, but suggested to involve many factors either indivdually or in combination including: familial inheritance, low birth weight, assisted reproductive technology, advanced maternal age, paternal subfertility and endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Movies Urogenital Sinus Urogenital Septum Trigone Renal Nephron Uterus Female External Male External Testis Descent References Textbooks Before We Are Born (5th ed. Portions of the ear appear very early in development as specialized region (otic placode) on the embryo surface that sinks into the mesenchyme to form a vesicle (otic vesicle = otocyst) that form the inner ear. This region connects centrally to the nervous system and peripherally through specialized bones to the external ear (auricle). This organisation develops different sources forming the 3 ear parts: inner ear (otic placode, otocyst), middle ear (1st pharyngeal pouch and 1st and 2nd arch mesenchyme), and outer ear (1st pharyngeal cleft and 6 surface hillocks). This complex origin, organisation, and timecourse means that abnormal development of any one system can impact upon the development of hearing. Recent research suggests that all sensory placodes may arise from common panplacodal primordium origin around the neural plate, and then differentiate to eventually have different developmental fates. Other species have a number of additional placodes which form other sensory structures (fish, lateral line receptor). Note that their initial postion on the developing head is significantly different to their final position in the future sensory system. Otic Placode stage 13/14 embryo (shown below) the otic placode has sunk from Stage 14 sensory placodes the surface ectoderm to form a hollow epithelial ball, the otocyst, which now lies beneath the surface surrounded by mesenchyme (mesoderm).
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In Detroit, Jeb Bush Makes A Campaign Must-Stop
Emily Martinez
Former Florida Gov. Jeb Bush isn't officially a presidential candidate, but by delivering a speech to the Detroit Economic Club Wednesday he sure acted like one.
The elite, nonpartisan organization is a must-stop for serious candidates — it has hosted every eventual president since Richard Nixon. The list of presidential contenders who've taken to the podium there in recent decades is long. Last year, Kentucky Sen. Rand Paul was among the speakers.
The club was founded in 1934 during the Great Depression by prominent Detroit businessman Alan Crow to hold Michigan gubernatorial and senatorial debates and talks by congressional and business leaders.
Its nearly 3,300 members include movers and shakers from Michigan's political and corporate worlds.
Historically, candidates like Jeb Bush have used the forum to outline their economic policies. It was during his 2012 DEC speech that Michigan native Mitt Romney famously listed all the cars he owned, including "a couple of Cadillacs." Romney's father, the automaker and former Michigan Gov. George Romney, spoke at the DEC with Nixon in the 1960s.
In 1992, Bill Clinton used the DEC platform for "a major economic address," which criticized President George H.W. Bush. A month later, Bush delivered his own address at the DEC to announce his economic agenda for his second term.
More recently, then-Illinois Sen. Barack Obama in 2007 reprimanded Detroit auto giants from the DEC podium.
"We know that our oil addiction is jeopardizing our national security," he said. "Here in Detroit, three giants of American industry are hemorrhaging jobs and profits as foreign competitors answer the rising global demand for fuel-efficient cars."
"We politicians are afraid to ask the oil and auto industries to do their part, and those industries hire armies of lobbyists to make sure that the status quo remains," he said.
Submitted by NPR on Wed, 02/04/2015 - 16:43
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Conversations: Russell Muirhead, "A Lot of People Are Saying"
Friday, August 16th, 2019, by Dan Skinner
On this edition of Conversations, Russell Muirhead talks about A Lot of People are Saying: The New Conspiracism and the Assault on Democracy, which he co-authored with Nancy Rosenblum. Muirhead is the Robert Clements Professor of Democracy and Politics at Dartmouth College. His previous books include The Promise of Party in a Polarized Age and Just Work.
Read more about Conversations: Russell Muirhead, "A Lot of People Are Saying"
Dan Skinner's blog
Conversations: Audra Wolfe, "Freedom's Laboratory: The Cold War Struggle for the Soul of Science"
Friday, February 8th, 2019, by Dan Skinner
On this edition of Conversations, Audra Wolfe talks about her latest book, Freedom’s Laboratory: The Cold War Struggle for the Soul of Science. Wolfe is a writer, editor, and historian whose work has appeared in the Washington Post, The Atlantic, and the podcast American History Tellers.
Read more about Conversations: Audra Wolfe, "Freedom's Laboratory: The Cold War Struggle for the Soul of Science"
Conversations: Bryant Welch, "State of Confusion: Political Manipulation and the Assault on the American Mind"
Friday, February 1st, 2019, by Dan Skinner
Is the American Mind traumatized? On this edition of Conversations, Bryant Welch joins us to talk about his book, State of Confusion: Political Manipulation and the Assault on the American Mind. Welch is a nationally renowned clinical psychologist and attorney.
Read more about Conversations: Bryant Welch, "State of Confusion: Political Manipulation and the Assault on the American Mind"
Conversations: Katharine Gerbner,"Christian Slavery"
Friday, September 14th, 2018, by Dan Skinner
"As history shows us, whiteness was never about biology. It was - and remains - about politics." On this edition of Conversations, Katharine Gerbner talks about her book Christian Slavery: Conversion and Race in the Protestant Atlantic World. Gerbner teaches history at the University of Minnesota.
Read more about Conversations: Katharine Gerbner,"Christian Slavery"
Conversations: Ellen Meacham, "Delta Epiphany - Robert F. Kennedy in Mississippi"
Friday, June 8th, 2018, by Dan Skinner
Remembering RFK. This week marks the 50th anniversary of Robert F. Kennedy's death. On April 10, 1967, RFK visited the Mississippi Delta and it had a profound impact on him. On this edition of Conversations, Ellen Meacham joins us to talk about her book, Delta Epiphany: Robert F. Kennedy in Mississippi. Meacham has been a journalist for more than 20 years. Her work has appeared in the New York Times and many other places.
Read more about Conversations: Ellen Meacham, "Delta Epiphany - Robert F. Kennedy in Mississippi"
Conversations: Larry Tye, "Bobby Kennedy: The Making of a Liberal Icon"
Wednesday, June 6th, 2018, by Dan Skinner
Remembering RFK. Robert F. Kennedy died 50 years ago today, June 6, 1968. To commemorate his passing, on this edition of Conversations, a reissue of my conversation with Larry Tye about his book Bobby Kennedy: The Making of a Liberal Icon. Larry Tye is a former award-winning journalist at The Boston Globe. He is the author of the New York Times bestseller Satchel as well as several other books.
Read more about Conversations: Larry Tye, "Bobby Kennedy: The Making of a Liberal Icon"
Conversations: Joseph Califano, Jr., "Our Damaged Democracy"
Wednesday, March 14th, 2018, by Dan Skinner
Joseph Califano, Jr. spent 30 years in Washington, serving at the Pentagon, and in the Cabinet as US Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare. Among his many credits, as a lawyer, he represented the Washington Post during Watergate. On this edition of Conversations, he joins us to talk about his book, Our Damaged Democracy – We The People Must Act.
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Conversations: Frances Moore Lappe' & Adam Eichen, "Daring Democracy"
Wednesday, January 31st, 2018, by Dan Skinner
On this edition of Conversations, Francis Moore Lappe' and Adam Eichen join us to talk about their book Daring Democracy - Igniting Power, Meaning and Connection for the America We Want. Lappe' is best known for her book Diet for a Small Planet. Adam Eichen is a political researcher and organizer. They discuss what they see as the Anti-Democracy movement and how a growing Democracy Movement can counteract negative trends in government.
Read more about Conversations: Frances Moore Lappe' & Adam Eichen, "Daring Democracy"
Lawrence Arts Center Tackles Political Issues with Controversial Play
Wednesday, January 24th, 2018, by Laura Lorson
Listen to the audio
"Bent." written by Martin Sherman, is the story of gays swept up in the Nazi Holocaust.
Read more about Lawrence Arts Center Tackles Political Issues with Controversial Play
Conversations: Michelle Deen, "Saving America's Grace"
Thursday, December 21st, 2017, by Dan Skinner
Are you dreading political conversations during family holiday gatherings? Michelle Deen is a marriage and family therapist and former adjunct professor of human development. She’s the author of Saving America's Grace: Rethinking Family Values, Moral Politics, and the Culture War. On this edition of Conversations She joins us to talk about surviving political differences during the holidays.
Read more about Conversations: Michelle Deen, "Saving America's Grace"
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Plantation, Florida facts for kids
This page is about the city in Broward County. For other uses of Plantation, Florida, see Plantation, Florida (disambiguation).
City of Plantation
Plantation Historical Museum
Motto: "The Grass is Greener" and "E Vasitate Haec Urbs"
Satellite view of Plantation
21.93 sq mi (56.8 km2)
0.19 sq mi (0.5 km2) 0.87%
9 ft (2.75 m)
3,989.8/sq mi (1,540.4/km2)
EDT (UTC-4)
33311, 33313, 33317-33317, 33322-33325, 33388
http://www.plantation.org
Plantation is a city in Broward County, Florida, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census the population was 87,496. It is a principal city of the Miami metropolitan area, which was home to an estimated 6,012,331 people at the 2015 census.
The city's name comes from the prior owner of the land, the Everglades Plantation Company. Plantation suffered extensive damage from Hurricane Wilma on October 24, 2005.
The city has been used as a filming location for many popular movies. The high school in There's Something About Mary is actually Plantation City Hall, located at 400 NW 73rd Avenue and NW 5th Street. Rolling Hills Golf Course, recently renamed Grande Oaks, was the site of the famous Caddyshack pool scene.
Plantation is located at 26°7′28″N 80°14′58″W / 26.12444°N 80.24944°W / 26.12444; -80.24944 (26.124354, −80.249503).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 22.80 square miles (59 km2), of which 21.74 square miles (56 km2) is land and 0.19 square miles (0 km2) (0.87%) is water.
Plantation is located in central Broward County. It is bordered by Lauderhill to the northeast, Sunrise to the north and west, Davie to the south, and Fort Lauderdale to the east.
Est. 2015 92,560 9.0%
U.S. Decennial Census
Plantation Demographics
Total population 84,955 1,748,066 18,801,310
Population, percent change, 2000 to 2010 +2.4% +7.7% +17.6%
Population density 3,907.4/sq mi 1,444.9/sq mi 350.6/sq mi
White or Caucasian (including White Hispanic) 69.9% 63.1% 75.0%
(Non-Hispanic White or Caucasian) 53.7% 43.5% 57.9%
Black or African-American 20.3% 26.7% 16.0%
Hispanic or Latino (of any race) 20.4% 25.1% 22.5%
Asian 3.9% 3.2% 2.4%
Native American or Native Alaskan 0.2% 0.3% 0.4%
Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian 0.1% 0.1% 0.1%
Two or more races (Multiracial) 2.9% 2.9% 2.5%
Some Other Race 4.2% 3.7% 3.6%
As of 2010, there were 37,587 households, with 9.0% being vacant. As of 2000, 30.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.0% were married couples living together, 11.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.2% were non-families. 25.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 3.02.
As of 2000, in the city the population was spread out with 23.1% under the age of 18, 7.1% from 18 to 24, 32.0% from 25 to 44, 24.7% from 45 to 64, and 13.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 90.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.2 males.
According to a 2007 estimate, the median income for a household in the city was $66,135, and the median income for a family was $80,434.[1] Males had a median income of $44,838 versus $32,360 for females. The per capita income for the city was $28,250. About 4.3% of families and 6.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.1% of those under age 18 and 6.7% of those age 65 or over.
As of 2000, English as a first language was spoken by 78.00% of the population, while Spanish was at 13.00%, French Creole at 2.24%, French speakers made up 1.30%, Hebrew comprised 0.72%, Portuguese speakers comprised 0.71%, Italian was at 0.58%, German at 0.54%, and Arabic was the mother tongue of 0.46% of all residents.
1838 – Battle of Pine Island Ridge – part of the seven-year Seminole War.
1906 – Captain Walter Holloway unsuccessfully attempts to drain the Everglades for farming; major canal runs north-south through Plantation.
1911 – Sewell Locks, first wooden locks in the state, are built on the New River Canal next to State Road 84.
1941 – Frederick C. Peters purchases 10,000 acres (40 km2) for $25 per acre; land had been owned by the Everglades Plantation Company (origin of the city's name); Broward Boulevard is a two-lane road.
1947 – First homes built by Chauncey Clark; property valued at $200 an acre; two hurricanes completely flood the area.
1948 – 12 homes in the area; population reaches 36.
1949 – Plantation Women's Club founded; Plantation Homeowners organization founded by Dr. Abram Hoffman; 40 homes in the area.
1950 – Population reaches 200; Plantation Golf Club built.
1953 – Ellsworth D. Gage appointed first Mayor on April 30; Plantation incorporated as a city; first City Council meeting on May 11; Broward Boulevard grows to a four-lane street; population reaches 475.
1955 – S. Robinson Estey elected Mayor. He had previously been Deputy Sheriff; Plantation Police Dept. organized.
1957 – First industrial plant in Plantation – Airpax Products, Co. on Sunrise Blvd; City of Plantation Volunteer Fire Dept.
1958 – Population reaches 1,600.
1959 – James Ward Jr. elected Mayor. First school, Berenice T. Peters Elementary School, dedicated.
1961 – The Plantation Library is founded with Mrs. Helen B. Hoffman as chairwoman.
1962 – Edwin Deicke donates $100,000 for the expansion and renovation of Hoffman Building, later renamed the Deicke Auditorium; Chamber of Commerce founded.
1963 – Community Center, designed by Russell Pancoast, built and dedicated on city's tenth anniversary.
1969 – Motorola opens facility in Plantation.
1970 – Gulfstream Land and Development Company purchases 5,400 acres (22 km2) for Jacaranda community development; population reaches 23,000.
1973 – Plantation City Hall opens and Deicke Auditorium dedicated.
1974 – Plantation Historical Society founded by Genevieve Veltri, Dorothy O'Hare, Lois Brickhouse, and Marilyn King.
1975 – Frank Veltri elected Mayor for first time; American Express moves Southern Region Operations Center to Plantation. Population 40,200, budget $4,229,569.
1978 – Broward Mall opens (1 million square ft).
1980 – The Plantation Historical Museum is founded; population 48,653.
1981 – Plantation Library is renamed the Helen B. Hoffman Plantation Library.
1982 – The population reaches 50,000; city budget reaches $12 million.
1985 – Plantation Historical Museum built.
1988 – Fountains Shopping Mall opens (450,000 sq ft); Fashion Mall at Plantation opens (660,000 sq ft).
1990 – The population reaches 65,000; city budget reaches $64 million; Central Park Elementary School opens.
1991 – Hartford's Cornerstone, Phase 1 opens.
1993 – Kemper National Services opens operations in Plantation.
1994 – Population reaches more than 73,500.
1996 – Olympic Torch Run weaves through Plantation.
1997 – Population reaches 78,000; city budget is in excess of $80 million.
1999 – Rae Carole Armstrong elected as Mayor of Plantation; 11,500-square-foot (1,070 m2) Volunteer Park Community Center dedicated.
2000 – Population 84,500 and 55 diverse cultures; Presidential election delayed; Plantation Elementary moves to new school site; ground broken for Jim Ward Community Center.
2001 – Ground broken for Happy Tails Dog Park; Multicultural Garden opens in Park East. Community Bus Service in operation.
2002 – Jim Ward 16,000 sq ft (1,500 m2) Community Center opens; Jack Carter Harmony Park dedicated; Happy Tails Dog Park dedicated.
2005 – Hurricane Wilma hits Plantation on Monday, October 24, 2005 causing significant damage.
2006 – The Fashion Mall closes
2008 – Plantation named one of the nation's 100 Best Communities for Young People by America's Promise Alliance.
2015 – Judge John K. Olson of the U.S. Bankruptcy Court of the Southern District of Florida rules on the auction sale of the Plantation Fashion Mall.
2016 - Demolition of Fashion Mall begins.
Municipalities and communities of Broward County, Florida, United States
County seat: Fort Lauderdale
Hillsboro Pines
Fern Crest Village
Big Cypress Indian Reservation
Miccosukee Indian Reservation
Andytown
Hacienda Village
Miami metropolitan area
Population - 6,012,331
441 thousand
A list of cities under 10,000 is available here.
Tallahassee (capital)
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Plantation, Florida Facts for Kids. Kiddle Encyclopedia.
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Sue Coe
The good folks at Our Hen House have produced an excellent short film about Sue Coe. Sue describes herself as an artist whose work is reportage. To learn more about her work, go here and here. Sue Coe: Art of the Animal from Our Hen House on Vimeo. My first recollection of Sue Coe’s work… Read More
2011 Animal Rights Image of the Year
The Spanish animal rights organisation, Igualdad Animal (Animal Equality), bring attention to animal exploitation with a dramatic protest on International Day for Animal Rights on December 10. Four hundred activists from several countries each hold in their hands carcasses of farmed animals (e.g., chickens, pigs, lambs) although one is holding the body of a dog.… Read More
Badger Cull Debate
Caroline Spelman, the UK coalition government’s Environment Minister, announced yesterday in the House of Commons that there will be two six week trials next year, in different parts of England. In this TV debate from Channel 4, Caroline Spelman and Mary Creagh MP, Shadow (Labour) Secretary of State for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, debate… Read More
Marti Kheel–A Collective Tribute
December 5, 2011 | 2 Comments
Friends and colleagues of Marti Kheel — Josephine Donovan, Batya Bauman, Lori Gruen and Carol Adams — have written a collective tribute in honour of the pioneering ecofeminist. Marti’s ethic was one of active, engaged, empathetic care, not selfish or selfless care-taking. And while she was critical of many, her compassion always extended to them. She… Read More
Stallwood on Singer on Pinker
I have known Peter Singer since the late 1970s and greatly admire and respect him. His influence on my understanding of animal ethics is significant. This does not mean to say that I agree with everything he says. Because I don’t. In truth, there isn’t anyone who I agree with completely, including myself! Given my… Read More
Steven Pinker’s Better Angels of Our Nature
November 23, 2011 | 9 Comments
Whether you agree or not with the premise made in Steven Pinker’s new book, The Better Angels of Our Nature, it cannot but help to provoke a great deal of interest in anyone who thinks and cares deeply about the human condition. The significant amount of media attention given to the book suggests that we… Read More
Our Hen House Interview
The good folks at Our Hen House, Mariann Sullivan and Jasmin Singer, recently interviewed me and our chat, which ranged over a number of issues, was published as part of Episode 97. You can listen to it here. Our Hen House is a fantastic resource for anyone who cares about animals. It’s fun, upbeat and always… Read More
Marti Kheel
Along with Carol J. Adams and Batya Bauman, Marti Kheel in the 1990s and thereafter made a tremendous impact on my thinking about our relationship with animals. They introduced me to ecofeminism and my understanding of what animal rights meant to me deepened both professionally and personally. It is with this is in mind that… Read More
Animal Studies Update
Attending last evening’s launch of two new Animal Studies books at the University of Brighton, I was reminded, once again, of the generational shift currently underway in which young people who had grown up in a climate of increased public awareness of animal rights and environmental advocacy are now ascending into positions of authority in… Read More
Zoo Licensing
Sadly, I am unable to attend but I urge those who can to attend the Association of Lawyers for Animal Welfare seminar, ‘Zoo licensing – is the regulatory regime working?,’ on Wednesday, November 30 November, 5.30pm – 7pm, in the House of Commons. The speakers include Andrew Rosindell MP, Chair, All Party Parliamentary Group on Zoos and Aquariums… Read More
Animal Law in Barcelona and Stuff
Since my last post is nearly one month ago, a word of explanation is owed to explain what has been happening. This intervening period has been dominated by two things: Barcelona and moving to a new office. The Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona held toward the end of October the first conference on animal law in… Read More
Blog Action Day: Food
October 16, 2011 | Leave a comment
Today is Blog Action Day–the annual international celebration of blogs, which, this year, is dedicated to food, as it coincides with World Food Day. My message to the world about food is that there is nothing better than a vegan diet. It is compassion in action for the animals, embraces environmental protection, facilitates world development… Read More
Wall Street Animals
My Animals and Society Institute colleague, Bee Friedlander, writes on the ASI Diary (blog) about the protest underway on Wall Street. Anyone who hasn’t been hiding under a rock this past week has heard about “Occupy Wall Street,” a movement that seemingly has come out of nowhere, beginning in New York City a few weeks… Read More
ASI E-Newsletter
The E-newsletter published by the Animals and Society Institute, which I strongly recommended everyone subscribe to, included recently a letter from Britain by yours truly. Kim Stallwood Busy Minding Animals Our European Director, Kim Stallwood, is busy organizing and participating in a variety of activities related to international efforts on behalf of animals. He sends… Read More
Some Thoughts on Abolition and Regulation
August 3, 2011 | 5 Comments
A recent New York Times oped was brought to my attention by a long standing friend and colleague. She situated it within the context of the debate surrounding the announcement by The HSUS and United Egg Producers, a debate which brings into focus the perennial issue among most if not all social movements: regulation vs.… Read More
What Keeps Me Going
July 11, 2011 | Leave a comment
New Zealand’s animal advocacy organisation, SAFE, recently asked me and other animal advocates throughout the world three questions to present to attendees of their forthcoming national animal rights conference. I thought I would share them with you. Question 1: If you could give a message for New Zealand animal activists what would you say? The single… Read More
Institute for Animals and Social Justice
After more than one year of meetings between academics and animal advocates which was prompted, in part, by my call for an animal rights think tank at the Minding Animals seminar in London in 2008, this week sees the launch of the Institute for Animals and Social Justice at an inaugural ‘Animals and Public Policy’ seminar… Read More
Wild Animals in British Circuses
June 27, 2011 | Leave a comment
Martin Lacey from the Great British Circus spoke out in support of animals performing in circuses but refused access to the BBC to film the animals in his care. A move which could be seen to be audacious or naive (or both) given that the House of Commons was about to debate a motion calling… Read More
Independent on Factory Farming
Regular readers to this blog and its evil twin, the Grumpy Vegan, know that there exists a love-hate relationship with The Guardian whose coverage of animal rights and related issues, including vegan/veg, cruelty-free living is bizarre, to put it generously. Contempt, more like. Anyway, The Independent is fast becoming the newspaper of choice for consistent,… Read More
Rethinking. Reorganising. Leadership
Worryingly, in every major green group, managers, administrators, communicators and fundraisers outnumber campaigners and researchers. Too many staff have become obsessed with the process of running an organisation. Interminable meetings, not action, are the order of most days. All too often, fundraisers and PR teams, not campaigners, call the shots. Today’s activists regard once radical… Read More
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Posts Tagged ‘Purple Haze’
Review: Experience Hendrix
Posted in Concert review, Kansas City Star, tagged Billy Cox, Buddy Miles, Chess blues, Chris Layton, Cliffs of Dover, Double Trouble, Eric Johnson, Experience Hendrix, Jimi Hendrix, Jimi Hendrix Experience, Kenny Wayne Shepherd, Noah Hunt, Purple Haze, Red House, Robert Randolph, Slide Brothers, Stevie Ray Vaughan, Voodoo Child on April 18, 2012| Leave a Comment »
(Above:Robert Randolph and the Slide Brothers bring a whole new shade to “Purple Haze.”)
The Kansas City Star
Four tour buses lined the streets near the Power and Light District, each painted with classic album covers and photographs. Their bright colors could be seen from blocks away, heralding the arrival of a six-string circus.
Covered with images of Jimi Hendrix, there was little doubt what brought the caravan of nearly 20 musicians to the Midland Theater on Wednesday. The Experience Hendrix tribute clocked in at nearly three hours, or just slightly longer than the time it takes to play the three studio albums Hendrix released in his lifetime back-to-back-to-back.
Hendrix’ army buddy and Band of Gypsy’s bass player Billy Cox opened the night and as expected the guitar pyrotechnics started almost immediately. Byron Bordeaux was the first to impress with his solo on “Machine Gun.” A terrific exchange between Dweezil Zappa and Indigenous axeman Mato Nanji on “Manic Depression” was another early high point.
Eric Johnson’s six-song mini-set was the music equivalent of driving with hands firmly planted at 10 and two on the steering wheel and keeping the needle glued to 55. Johnson’s thin, reedy voice was incapable of creating any energy, a trait especially missed on “Power of Soul.” While technically proficient, Johnson’s fretwork also failed to capture the freedom and spontaneity that underlined Hendrix’ work.
Robert Randolph’s segment nailed the other end of the spectrum. The pedal steel stylist had the crowd dancing for all of his set. Randolph was accompanied by the Slide Brothers, and hearing “Purple Haze” performed by three pedal steel guitars placed the classic number in a new context. When bass player/vocalist Henri Brown tried to wrap up “Them Changes,” a tribute to Gypsys drummer Buddy Miles, Randolph kept on playing, eventually leading the ensemble into a gospel romp.
Between the Johnson and Randolph sets, Doyle Bramhall II provided the only acoustic moment of the night with his riveting solo performance of “Hear My Train A-Comin’.” He was followed by an outstanding blues set by Taj Mahal that found Mahal channeling Howlin Wolf on “Catfish Blues” and jamming with Cox on “Hey Joe.”
Kenny Wayne Shepherd also led his band through a three-song set that included a lengthy performance of “Voodoo Child.”
Although the musicians at the front of the stage rotated, Chris Layton, the drummer with Stevie Ray Vaughan and Double Trouble, manned the kit for the entire night. The evening closed with many of the musicians reunited onstage for “Red House.”
Review: Experience Hendrix(2010)Review: Robert Randolph and the Family Band
Review: Big Head Blues Club
Posted in Concert review, Kansas City Star, tagged Aerosmith, Amazing Grace, Band of Gypsys, Billy Cox, Brad Whitford, Buddy Miles, Cesar Rosas, Chess blues, Chris Layton, Corey Glover, Cult of Personality, David Hildago, Double Trouble, Eric Johnson, Ernie Isley, Experience Hendrix, Foxy Lady, Howlin Wolf, Hubert Sumlin, Isley Bros., Isley Brothers, Jimi Hendrix, Jimi Hendrix Experience, Joe Perry, Jonny Lang, Kenny Wayne Shepherd, Living Colour, Los Lobos, Noah Hunt, Purple Haze, Red House, Robert Randolph, Robert Randolph and the Family Band, Sacred Steel, Scott Nelson, Stevie Ray Vaughan, Stone Free, Susan Tedeschi, The Wind Cries Mary, Them Changes on March 31, 2010| Leave a Comment »
(Above: Jonny Lang and Aerosmith’s Brad Whitford blaze through “Fire” on March 6, 2010, at The Joint in Las Vegas.)
The lineup for Tuesday’s Experience Hendrix concert at the Uptown Theater seemed to set up a joke: How many guitarists does it take to pay tribute to the most celebrated axeman of all time? The answer: Fourteen, including half of Los Lobos, all of Living Colour, a pair of virtuosos, a handful of bluesmen and several contemporaries.
Bass player Billy Cox met Jimi Hendrix while the two were in the Army. He is the last living musician from any of the bands Hendrix lead.
Billy Cox, the Band of Gypsys bass player and Jimi Hendrix’ last living band mate, opened the night with a heartfelt thank you and romp through “Stone Free.” Backing him on drums was Chris Layton, better known for his time backing Stevie Ray Vaughan in Double Trouble, and Ernie Isley of the Isley Brothers. The star-power of the opening lineup may have had the loaded house drooling over their guitar magazines, but they didn’t have long to revel.
Every 20 minutes or so, another pairing of musicians emerged, each seeming to emphasize a different aspect of Hendrix’ music. His rhythm and blues roots came out in Living Colour’s set, while members of Los Lobos paid tribute to his roots and Kenny Wayne Shepherd emphasized the rock star angle.
Jonny Lang’s performance of “Fire” was the first explosive moment of the night. Backed by Brad Whitford of Aerosmith and a vivacious chorus of singers, Lang’s feverish vocals and impassioned playing drove the crowd to their feet. Whitford was finally able to emerge from the long shadow of his Aerosmith band mate Joe Perry as he and Lang traded solos.
Lang’s set was followed by Kenny Wayne Shepherd’s explosive interpretation of “Voodoo Child (Slight Return).” Knowing his boss was about to burn down the fret board, singer Noah Hunt, who also sings in the Kenny Wayne Shepherd Band, abandoned the stage after completing his verses. Alone onstage, save the rhythm section of Layton and Scott Nelson, Shepherd struck about every rock star pose imaginable as he soloed endlessly to the rapture of the crowd.
Susan Tedeschi was the lone intruder into this guy’s night out. Although she wasn’t given a set of her own, each of her frequent guest appearances was inspiring. Her singing on “One Rainy Wish” added an earthy sensuality and vulnerability to Hendrix’ lyrics, and her tasty guitar solos were a welcome relief from the pyrotechnics.
The night’s two dozen songs spotlighted classic rock staples “Purple Haze,” “Foxy Lady” and “The Wind Cries Mary,” and also unearthed some deeper treasures. Cox celebrated the guitarist he met in the Army with “Message of Love,” a song he a Hendrix recorded on the “Band of Gypsys” album. Eric Johnson embraced Hendrix’ love of unusual textures with the deep cut “House Burning Down.”
Robert Randolph and Sacred Steel brought new life into “Purple Haze.” The result wasn’t too different from what Randolph’s Family Band typically serves up, but the playing was much more elastic bouncing between the trio of steel guitars. Eric Johnson enlisted three drummers to help summon the heavy, drugged feel on “Are You Experienced.” Later, Joe Satriani had no trouble coaxing alien sounds from his guitar during “Third Stone From the Sun.”
Midway through the set, guitarist emeritus Hubert Sumlin emerged to represent the pre-Hendrix guitar world. Backed by Tedeschi, and Cesar Rosas and David Hildago of Los Lobos, Sumlin showed none of his 78 years powering through “Killing Floor,” a song he originally cut with Howlin’ Wolf for Chess Records in 1966.
While all the expected heavy hitters drew big responses, some of the evening’s best moments occurred during songs Hendrix didn’t write. Robert Randolph and Sacred Steel teamed with Cox and Living Colour singer Corey Glover for a jubilant gallop through Buddy Miles’ “Them Changes.” Cox tried to end the number, but Randolph wouldn’t let it stop, motivating Glover’s fervent yelps with his riffs. Early in the night, Isley’s unaccompanied incorporation of “Amazing Grace,” mostly played with his teeth, brought back shades of Woodstock.
After every trick and novelty had been exhausted, Cox returned to the stage and closed the night with the blues staple “Red House.” When all the performers were brought out for a final bow, they extended nearly all the way across the stage. Evidently it takes a lot of bodies to fill some very big shoes.
Stone Free – Billy Cox, Ernie Isley
Message To Love – Billy Cox, Ernie Isley
Manic Depression > Amazing Grace – Ernie Isley
Power of Soul – Living Colour
Crosstown Traffic – Living Colour
House Burning Down – Eric Johnson
Bold As Love – Eric Johnson
One Rainy Wish – Eric Johnson, Susan Tedeschi
Are You Experienced – Eric Johnson, Will Calhoun
Fire – Jonny Lang, Brad Whitford
The Wind Cries Mary – Jonny Lang, Brad Whitford
Spanish Castle Magic – Jonny Lang, Brad Whitford, Susan Tedeschi
I Don’t Live Today – Kenny Wayne Shepherd, Noah Hunt
Come One – Kenny Wayne Shepherd, Noah Hunt
Voodoo Chile > Voodoo Child (Slight Return) – Kenny Wayne Shepherd, Noah Hunt
Can You See Me – David Hildago, Cesar Rosas
Little Wing – David Hildago, Cesar Rosas
Killing Floor – Hubert Sumlin, David Hildago, Cesar Rosas, Susan Tedeschi
Purple Haze – Robert Randolph and Sacred Steel
Them Changes – Robert Randolph and Sacred Steel, Billy Cox, Corey Glover
Third Stone from the Sun – Joe Satriani, Corey Glover, Doug Wimbish, Will Calhoun
Foxy Lady – Joe Satriani, Living Colour
All Along the Watchtower – Joe Satriani, Living Colour
Red House – Billy Cox, Joe Satriani, Brad Whitford, Robert Randolph, Will Calhoun
Note: Except when replaced by Living Colour or Billy Cox, Chris Layton and Scott Nelson played drums and bass. The Sacred Steel is Robert Randolph, Darick Campbell and Aubrey Ghent. Living Colour is Will Calhoun, Corey Glover, Vernon Reid and Doug Wimbish.
Rock Hall celebrates the 40th anniversary of Woodstock
Review: Buddy Guy
Review: Los Lobos
Review: Chickenfoot
Review: Robert Randolph and the Family Band
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← Shocking New Figures Reveal The Collapse Of Social House-Building In London
New Disability Tests Are Even Worse Than First Feared, Join The Fightback On July 13th →
Join Class War, 1pm, 14th June, Berkeley Square outside the London property developer’s forum.
Imagine if there was a law that prevented the rich from leaving luxury properties empty as investments. Even better, imagine if this law ensured that if a home was left vacant for over six months then local authorities could take over the management of the property and use it as part of their own housing stock to provide temporary accommodation for homeless people. That would be a good fucking law, and that’s a rare thing. And it is a law that the Labour Party accidentally introduced, although their target was not the rich, but squatters and those they claimed were involved in anti-social behaviour.
Empty Dwelling Management Orders (EDMOs) came into effect in 2006 to tackles the problem of empty homes which the government said were “magnets for vandals, drug users, squatters and even arsonists”. They operated exactly as described above, with powers for councils to take over vacant properties and rent them out to those waiting for permanent housing. Of course this being Tony Blair’s Labour Party the new powers were awash with bureacracy and caveats to protect the rich. Second homes were to be sadly exempt from the legislation, as were many other empty properties such as holiday homes. Councils would have to make legthy application to a tribunal and property owners were given wide-ranging rights of appeal. This didn’t stop the right wing press going into meltdown over the legislation with The Sunday Times declaring Britain had become a communist country.
In the end just 43 EDMOs were issued between 2006 and 2010. The great expropriation had not happened and the rich continued to horde land and housing as much as ever. This didn’t stop Eric Pickles rushing to change the laws within months of the Tory’s stealing power in 2010.
Pickles, who was Communities Secretary at the time, announced in early 2011 that he was bringing to an end these ‘heavy handed’ rules. This news was barely reported at the time. Now EDMOs can only be issued if a property has been empty for over two years, and more importantly only when local councils can prove the property is being used for anti-social purposes. Pickles said he did this to protect civil liberties.
There seems little doubt that EDMOs could have been issued against rich investors who buy up luxury properties and leave them empty – a phenomena that is now extending to other cities besides London. It would have been difficult, and might not have worked – oligarchs have good lawyers – but it would have been worth a try for an imaginative local authority facing growing homelessness. But now that option has been shut down, to protect the civil liberties of the global super rich who see the booming housing market in the South East as nothing more than an exclusive casino where they always get to win. And so the number of empty homes in London is now back on the rise despite a desperate housing crisis and record numbers sleeping on the streets. That’s what this government calls freedom.
This entry was posted in Housing and Homelessness and tagged Empty Dwelling Management Orders, Eric Pickles. Bookmark the permalink.
393 responses to “How Eric Pickles Acted To Protect The Empty Penthouses Of The Global Super Rich”
sdbast | June 8, 2016 at 2:52 pm | Reply
Thomas | June 8, 2016 at 3:33 pm | Reply
Whilst people should be able to go on holiday or visit relatives and not have their homes taken, noone should be allowed to leave homes empty long term.
Eating cake as instructed | June 8, 2016 at 3:54 pm | Reply
I fear should the UK vote to leave Europe next day will see the start of the unraveling of society. Trumps arrival amid speculation will occupy southerners while the rest finally see how they’ve been trodden into the dirt. There is no northern powerhouse. Increasing immigration around jobs will ensure foreigners from poor countries take jobs leaving the rest on the breadline. Regardless of living wage, that’ll diminish housing benefit council tax benefit child care etc so natives existing on a knife edge while black economy thrives on paying a fiver an hour. Civil unrest has occurred years gone by. Faced with grafting 50 hrs a week to hand over 60% to rent no prospect of ever owning a house mortgage sized debts on leaving higher education will see a UK like the Wild West with brains decanting elsewhere mob rule out of sheer desperation starvation and no prospect of it improving. Inflation remember it well at 15%…..those days could return easily I fear.
Marie | June 8, 2016 at 7:40 pm | Reply
Eric Pickles is an evil fat pig.
Deborah | June 8, 2016 at 8:26 pm | Reply
Oh he’s evil alright, another satan worshipper doing the j’s dirty work for them!
Dissidentdiva | June 8, 2016 at 7:41 pm | Reply
http://www.theguardian.com/global/2016/jun/08/vicar-dibley-paul-nicolson-council-tax-refusing-benefit-cuts-jail-prison
Pork pie with pickles, anyone?
Fear of homelessness: How freemasons control.
http://www.intmensorg.com/msnhomelessness.htm
Rosemarie Harris | June 8, 2016 at 8:03 pm | Reply
Yeah …. He sat on the stairwell and is still there.
Stinking Tory!
paultheswineherd | June 8, 2016 at 8:39 pm | Reply
Marie – good one! 😀
It’s far better looking than porkie pickles 😄
Marie – Indeed – our pigs eat even more than he does – and that is really saying something 😀
With all due respect to the ‘Brexiteers’, it is very unlikely that their ’employment’ rights or ‘unemployment’ rights will get any better than they are now if we leave the E.U. – in fact, it could be very much worse.
Just imagine (a now quite legitimate scenario) where IDS is back as the Work & Pensions Secretary (quite possible due to the ‘madness of Government’) and Priti Patel as his main Employment Minister under the new Prime Minister, Boris Johnson (fucking hell!)
Under the new ‘British Bill of Rights’, most of the population (apart from the rich & very rich) will have no rights at all – TTIP will have been passed and UNUM and all the rest of the shit insurance companies will be given full rein over our NHS. You and me will have to pay for everything, have a good credit card or have health insurance. If we vote ‘Leave’ there could be loads more shit ahead. If there was a new G.E – by default, either the Tories or a Tory/UKIP coalition would be in place. Nigel Farage could well be ‘Deputy Prime Minister’. Britain is now on the edge of a ‘rights’ precipice.
http://www.aol.com/news/2016/06/08/prime-minister-rejects-call-for-zero-hour-contracts-to-be-banned/
http://www.aol.co.uk/news/2016/06/08/prime-minister-rejects-call-for-zero-hour-contracts-to-be-banned/
Third time lucky! (I wager that they change the website constantly!)
http://www.aol.co.uk/news/2016/06/08/prime-minister-rejects-call-for-zerohour-contracts-to-be-banned/
Auntie B | June 9, 2016 at 9:12 am | Reply
Of course they do. The BBC are dab hands at changing copy on the fly. All it takes is one communication from some .gov department and abracadabra. Magic!
I give up! Am getting nowhere! (TalkTalk has always been a load of crap!)
Please go to the http://www.talktalk.co.uk main news webpage and go to the link that they suggest, about half way down the page!
In Medievel times the population would have risen up well before now, dragged these cunts, kicking and screaming out of their seats of ‘POWER’,
and pulled them on hurdles down the high streets, while the populace would have thrown rotten cabbages and fishheads at their sorry arses.
WHAT has happened to the British people?
WHAT has happened to their sense of ‘fairness’ and ‘sticking up for the underpriveleged’.
Of what I have read on here this evening, the Rev. Paul Nicholson is a hero – here is a man who is risking everything by ‘refusing to pay his Council Tax’ as a protest against the extreme unfairness of Authority nowadays.
This is a man who is now risking being made bankrupt and being sent to prison – THIS MAN IS NOT A CRIMINAL – THIS IS A MAN WHO IS STANDING UP FOR HIS OWN ‘POORER’ FELLOW MAN – WHO IS BEING SLOWLY STARVED AND PENALISED BY A CONSERVATIVE GOVERNMENT (ABLY ABETTED AND ASSISTED BY ‘HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN’ – WHOM HERSELF SIGNED OFF THE RELEVENT LEGISLATION BY HER OWN GOVERNMENT TO ALLOW THIS TO TAKE PLACE –
THE QUEEN HERSELF SHOULD BE TRIED FOR TREASON AND FOR MURDERING HER SUBJECTS (CITIZENS) BY HER OWN HAND, NOT FOR CELEBRATING HER OWN MISERABLY RICH 90TH BIRTHDAY) THAT BY IT’S OWN ‘AUSTERITY’ MEASURES ARE NOT SAVING THE ‘TAXPAYER’ A PENNY, IN FACT SPENDING FAR MORE THAN IT EVER SAVES.
Shame on this terrible Tory led Government – it will, I am sure soon fall.
The civil-war in the Government is now all out war and it is terminal for them.
paultheswineherd | June 8, 2016 at 10:29 pm | Reply
(This story has come courtesy of the Black Triangle Campaign)
http://www.standard.co.uk/news/crime/vicar-risks-jail-and-bankruptcy-in-stand-against-cuts-that-hit-the-poor-a3260831.html
Dissidentdiva | June 9, 2016 at 12:33 am | Reply
I like mediaeval.
paultheswineherd | June 11, 2016 at 10:25 pm | Reply
dd – I have heard that they are very good – but you never see them on TV nowadays! (They were on there, rarely, years and years ago!)
(As I mentioned above – there is an all-out war in the Tory ranks!)
Sky News is just now reporting that:
1) Sir John Nott (Defence Minister to Margaret Thatcher) has verbally attacked Cameron and has defected to the ‘Leave’ campaign.
1) Dr Sarah Wollaston GP (Tory MP) is defecting from ‘Leave’ to the ‘Remain’ campaign over ‘misleading’ reports for ‘funding’ for the NHS from the ‘Leave’ part of the Tory party.
GEOFF REYNOLDS | June 8, 2016 at 10:33 pm | Reply
“NECESSITY FOR INCREASED DISABILITY DEATHS TO BANKROLL MOD BROKEN SHIP CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTS”
…………the money will have to come from somewhere? Welfare claimants paid for the bankers fuck ups………….
THE Ministry of Defence “must come clean” over delays to a major shipbuilding contract that unions claim put Clyde shipbuilding jobs at risk, the former head of the Royal Navy has said.
Lord West of Spithead, the former First Sea Lord, said there was “not enough money in the MoD” to start construction of Type 26 frigates on schedule, and warned the risk of a gap in the Royal Navy’s capabilities was “bloody dangerous”.
http://www.scotsman.com/news/uk/mod-must-come-clean-over-delays-to-clyde-frigate-contracts-1-4148359
……………more redundancies, increased welfare mortality rates and no new ships for the wrinkly old bag to launch…
Marie | June 8, 2016 at 10:41 pm | Reply
Old crow !
Geoff – that’s interesting. It’s also been reported today that the ‘Top Brass’ has warned that if Royal Naval ships are going to be sent down to Syrian waters, then there is a high likelihood of them ‘breaking down’.
Our once great ‘Royal Navy’ is now being reduced to a couple of Captain Birdseyes and 6 ‘broken and washed out inshore minesweepers’.
This is a real shame – I was once part of a Royal Navy that could ‘rule the world’ – it is a terrible shadow of it’s former self (due to cuts!) and if it did all kick off we would have to ‘ask the French to use their carriers’ or rely on Uncle Sam across the pond to protect us. Fucking shameful.
Dissidentdiva | June 8, 2016 at 11:17 pm | Reply
dd – nice one 🙂
shirleynott | June 11, 2016 at 10:24 pm | Reply
Elvis Costello – very nice one indeed. The Unthanks have made a lovely version of this too.
Dissidentdiva | June 12, 2016 at 4:04 pm | Reply
Shirley – I adore the unthanks!
Thanks dd – not heard that before. Also really great is ‘Here’s the Tender Coming’ – about single parenthood/potential loss at sea of family breadwinner; they sound very Geordie on that – it’s a bit like the song part-way thru Billy Elliott (film version) too.
(Nott has also ‘suspended’ his membership of the Conservative party)
Brexiteers had better look out – according to the Daily Express tomorrow:
“Sinn Fein warns Brexit would lead to referendum on IRISH UNIFICATION”
…………my posts are being blocked again Paul
Geoff – luckily it looks as though you managed to get your posts on here again afterwards! 🙂
“HOPE THE CAPTAIN GOES DOWN WITH THE SHIP”
“UK budget shame: Britain has the third highest deficit in Europe and the Government is borrowing more than Greece.
Britain has the third biggest budget deficit in Europe and the Government is borrowing even more than Greece, official figures showed yesterday.
The UK racked up a deficit of 5.7 per cent of gross domestic product last year while the national debt soared to 89.4 per cent of national income, according to Eurostat.
Cyprus and Spain were the only countries in the European Union to borrow more as a proportion of national income – underlining the British government’s abject failure to live within its means”
Read more: http://www.thisismoney.co.uk/money/news/article-3049622/UK-budget-shame-Britain-highest-deficit-Europe-Government-borrowing-Greece.html#ixzz4AzQfn1GL
“BENDING TRIBUNAL RULES TO STEAL YOUR BENEFITS”
Please confirm if members of the public can summons the atos assessor , the decision maker or the MP according to the tribunal rules , members of the public can request this . Please clarify the situation on behalf of the DWP.
……………..GUESS WHAT, THE DWP DON’T KNOW YET IT IS LAID OUT IN BLACK AND WHITE.
https://www.whatdotheyknow.com/request/summons_and_witness_name_and_add_2#incoming-769365
ARTICLE 6, THE RIGHT TO A FAIR TRIAL.
FORGET IT MATE, THE UK JUDICIARY IS THE MOST CORRUPT ON THE PLANET…………
“DWP CONTINUE TO ROB THE DISABLED”
DLA to PIP Transfer
• 47% of DLA claimants with awards of Higher Rate Mobility are losing their entitlement to the Enhanced rate when re-assessed for PIP.
• In Scotland over 46,000 will lose their entitlement.
• 45% of disabled people with Motability vehicles are losing their cars on transfer to PIP.
• Of the 190,000 DLA claimants in Scotland reassessed for PIP, it is estimated that around 105,000 will lose some or all their disability benefits by 2018, with a loss of at least £1,120 per year.
• Success rates for PIP appeals are running very high, at around 60%.
GEOFF REYNOLDS | June 9, 2016 at 12:02 am | Reply
“DWP BLOW £22 MILLION ON KNOBJOCKEYS TO TRY AND CIRCUMVENT SUCCESSFUL WELFARE APPEALS”
The DWP are so worried by the success rate of disabled people challenging their decisions that they have been given £22 million to recruit 180 new presenting officers in an effort to reduce the number of claimants winning their personal independence payment (PIP) and employment and support allowance (ESA) appeals.
The recent roll-out of the new PIP for new claimants and existing claimants with a change in circumstances has also seen significant and illegal delays in processing claims. Some disabled people have had no access to benefits – which has resulted in hardship – for up to over a year in certain areas of Scotland (Citizen Advice bureaux reported that a typical wait for a decision is around 6 months). Some have had to give up their Motability vehicles.
The High Court ruled in June 2015 that the then Work and Pensions Secretary, Iain Duncan Smith, had been “unreasonable”, “irrational” and acted “unlawfully” by delaying payments of the PIP benefit to two disabled people. The High Court said the delays of up to 13 months in payment of personal independence payment (PIP) were not only “unacceptable”, but “unlawful”.
…………..BUT IT’S ALL WORTH IT IF THEY CAN REMOVE THE WORD DISABLED FROM THE WELFARE BILL AND HAND THE HAPLESS VICTIMS (THOSE THAT HAVE NOT DIED OF THEIR AILMENTS AFTER BEING FOUND FIT FOR WORK OR SUCCUMBED TO SUICIDE), WILL BE HANDED OVER TO THE PRIVATE HEALTH INSURANCE INDUSTRY WHO WROTE THE SCRIPT FOR LORD DAVID FREUD TO HAND TO PARLIAMENT…………………..
OF WHICH MANY PARLIAMENTARIANS HAVE VESTED INTERESTS IN THE FORM OF SHAREHOLDING AND DIRECTORSHIPS.
Ken | June 12, 2016 at 3:31 pm | Reply
How much paperwork has not been received Also? Those on lower rate DLA for learning difficulties look like they are being targetted much as those with mental health for ESA.Bastards
https://kittysjones.wordpress.com/2016/03/25/department-for-work-and-pensions-recruits-staff-to-reduce-esa-and-pip-appeal-success-rates/
Is anyone else getting this when trying to post?
The owner of johnnyvoid.wordpress.com has configured their web site improperly. To protect your information from being stolen, Firefox has not connected to this web site.
This site uses HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS) to specify that Firefox only connect to it securely. As a result, it is not possible to add an exception for this certificate.
Less shocked | June 9, 2016 at 3:03 am | Reply
I see a day you will get cold calls from firms asking if you ever had a ‘SANCTION’ believe it or not.
It could go on for years.
shirleynott | June 9, 2016 at 5:36 am | Reply
“Have you ever had a sanction that wasn’t your fault? Call Benefit Lawyers For You – No win, no fee. What (else) have you got to lose?”
Badstone Fookes | June 10, 2016 at 12:30 am | Reply
The Government has set aside Billions of Pounds in compensation for sanctions taken from benefit payments. Could you be entitled to claim? 🙂 Give Badstone Fookes a call today… Baaaadstone Foooookes 🙂
Have i got UBI …
Interesting that G. Smith is backing down; the maggot is shitting himself at the thought of real life in real streets without a protection squad. ;@)
Marie | June 9, 2016 at 7:50 am | Reply
Good serves the rotten bastard right.
Mark Catlin | June 9, 2016 at 3:53 am | Reply
Claiment | June 9, 2016 at 11:38 am | Reply
I’ve got to sign a claiment commitment next week when I sign on. Any advice on haggling for the best possible outcome for myself or whats the worst case scenario.
Just try to get the bare minimum down on your CC. Make sure any health concerns are considered, along with any caring commitments you may have. Found this pdf, which may help.
https://www.whatdotheyknow.com/request/209494/response/516563/attach/3/Annex%201%20FoI%202107%20WDTK%20Alter.pdf
WS1 | June 10, 2016 at 12:22 am | Reply
Bare minimum like “look in newspapers once a month” 🙂
“look online once a month” – total utter minimum you can get away with. Don’t try and ‘impress’ the jobcentre by trying to look ‘eager’ and signing up for loads of shit. It could backfire – badly!
Thanks I will read that. Has anyone successfully managed to ommit the work book from the commitment as I’m aware that it isn’t mandatory but it will probably become mandatory if I put it on my commitment.
You can, by law, present your job search any way you wish – even verbally!
I am speaking of JSA, though, not UC – may be different? Also do not allow DWP access to your UJM account. You have to create an account, but do not tick the box allowing access. This is your right by law. Data protection act.
http://www.cpag.org.uk/content/ask-cpag-online-how-can-you-avoid-jsa-actively-seeking-work-sanction
https://consentarchive.wordpress.com/universaljobmatch/
I am not qualified in law or welfare, my advice is simply that – advice!! 🙂
Claiment | June 9, 2016 at 3:32 pm | Reply
O)k thanks again I will try to get present my job hunting in a manner of my choosing put in.
Fen Tiger | June 9, 2016 at 9:03 pm | Reply
Jobcentre minus will put in your CC booklet all types of work you can do, possibly do and made to do as well; as a minimum 90 minutes travel time per day to work and home again. If you refuse them adding types of employment you are prepared to do as under current JSA/UC regulations they could take it as refusal of offered employment and consider putting your claim to a decision maker and loss of benefits for three months.
You have to be careful what you say to JCP staff and what will be recorded on your JSA file as this information can be used against you in a sanction referral. Good luck though with your job searching and hope you get something very soon and you don’t have to endure those lazy JCP c7nts for too long.
Universal jobmatch, you can refuse them access to your account if using your own computer to use that website, but JCP staff can issue a jobseeker direction to use that site and show them your recent recorded activity, but only through using a jobcentre computer. When I used to sign on, I only gave them access to my UJM account on the day I signed. The rest of the time I un-ticked that DWP access box. But if they ask to see your activity, you could see a sanction doubt raised if you refuse them access by way of a JSD mandation letter.
Thanks for that. The work plan booklet can I say I don’t want to use that.
My ‘workplan’ booklet ran out ages ago. Same old shit written over and over again. Nobody has even opened it up in an age. Not like you are going to ask for a new signing on booklet to get a new ‘workplan’ booklet.
“Refusal of employment” is in a totally different dimension and parallel universe from an actual employer offering you an actual job and you actually refusing it.
Fen Tiger | June 10, 2016 at 11:40 pm | Reply
JCP can’t force you to complete/write job searching/applications in your Claimant Commitment work plan booklet, but you do have to show by other means that you can prove and are actively seeking employment as to meet your JSA commitments given by your work roach.
You can determine yourself how you will go about recording your jobseeking activities as is clearly stated in the Universal Jobmatch toolkit (online as a PDF file/viewer). JCP staff cannot mandate/JSD direction how you record/write/type what jobs you have applied for. But without proof you have adhered to the rule book and done everything as in your labour market declaration, you could see your JSA stopped for at least four weeks.
Universal Jobmatch is a sanction tool. – which is why I hated it and hated using it just to make sure I was doing what they asked me to do. The ironic thing is though, I found work again through Indeed.co.uk which proved to me that UJM was and still is a complete and utter pile of c4ck full of repeat job postings as “new” every day and the same job advert carried by more than one recruitment agency, or the same identical job advert seen as being available in more than one town/city with only the town name and job ref. number different.
.. or better still.
Do what I did the day after I closed my JSA claim – I set fire to all the paper work sent to me by my JCP over the past year. No good to me if I am back in work in a real job that their pretend desk jobs “civil servants” (don’t laugh) – in a depressing building.
Stepping Razor Sound Plate System | June 9, 2016 at 1:00 pm | Reply
DWP Assisted Political Suicide – DWP Assisted Suicide.
GEOFF REYNOLDS | June 9, 2016 at 1:31 pm | Reply
MONTONI’S
“MAXIMUS FAKE MEDICAL REPORTS WRITTEN BY DWP APPROVED SHYSTERS TO STEAL BONAFIDE BENEFITS”
Lydia Hulme
I had a PIP assessment with ATOS in my home this morning. And he nurse admitted that she hadn’t assessment many blind people and would it be ok if she read the guidance while she filled out my form?
……………………EXPERTS IN ABSOLUTELY FUCK ALL
MP`s Suicide in politics. Does political suicide mean something different than DWP assisted suicide or just plain suicide !!! £££ millions trading on Suicide Risk Assessments from insurance companies such as Atos & Maximus. Suicide Trading in Suicide Training.
Gambles – Cameron playing political suicide, Boris playing Political suicide. The UK is political suicide.
No need to make a DWP song & dance about it !!!!
Mental Health is a weapon used by politicians to gain political promotion, money & power outside of politics. It`s an investment to section someone even though it is costing the tax payer more money putting people into hospital. So who has the Metal Disease that spends without any barriers as a political weapon.
Mental Politics. People with Mental Health are not able to fill out forms, because people with Mental Health are not able to fill out forms. See your Mental Health is getting worse, we are the DWP. Fraud !!!
The DWP are trained doctors. All of the DWP from the toilet cleaner to the DM are doctors working for Atos & Maximus. The DWP forgot to tell their staff that they now work for Atos & Maximus within the DWP contract. In fact the DM has so much to hide with lord fraud.
The DWP have been down the toilet ever since Drunken the Clown grabbed power over them.
The UK Police ordered by the PM for a 4 day stand off 2011.
There for the taking & not TVs & Trainers.
Now fuck off out of Kilburn & Harlesden Uzi & AK 47 – Light the fuse Cameron.
No Go Area !!! Cameron check out Brixton !!
Dead Stock !!
Military Suicide.
Stepping Razor Sound Plate System | June 9, 2016 at 1:56 pm |
Who The Assassin !!! Babylon A Fall !!!
GHOST ANTS & GHOST DOG.
“NOT CONTENT WITH JUST MURDERING THE DISABLED, THE DWP STEAL THEIR BLUE BADGES AS WELL”
‘Discriminatory’ PIP guidance means thousands could lose blue badges
By John Pring on June 2, 2016
Disabled people whose mobility is affected by mental health conditions or autism are having their blue parking badges snatched away by local councils in England as a result of the introduction of the government’s new disability benefit.
Government guidance issued after the introduction of personal independence payment (PIP) advises councils how to deal with blue badge applications from disabled people who formerly claimed disability living allowance (DLA) but have now been reassessed for PIP.
Because of this guidance, disabled people who have had a blue badge for many years are now being told they no longer qualify for a blue badge, simply because they have moved from DLA to PIP.
The Department for Transport guidance, published in October 2014, states that it is only those who qualify for the standard or enhanced mobility rates of PIP under the “moving around” criteria – those with physical impairments that mean they cannot walk very far – who should automatically qualify for a blue badge.
Those who qualify for the PIP enhanced mobility rate because they have problems planning and following journeys – including many people with autism and mental health conditions – are no longer automatically entitled to a blue badge, as they were if they claimed the upper mobility rate of DLA for the same reasons.
The updated blue badge application form included in the guidance document has no sections in which disabled people with problems planning and following journeys can provide evidence to show why they need a blue badge.
When asked if the Department for Transport (DfT) had carried out an equality impact assessment of the new guidance, a DfT spokesman said: “Not that I am aware of.”
By noon today (2 June), the DfT press office had been unable to produce an accurate statement that did not contradict the content of its own guidance documents.
http://www.disabilitynewsservice.com/discriminatory-pip-guidance-means-thousands-could-lose-blue-badges/
Barnet’s Freedom Pass fiasco: a legal challenge is served …
http://wwwbrokenbarnet.blogspot.co.uk/2016/06/barnets-freedom-pass-fiasco-legal.html
Whatta gwan back a yard? Oh, I say! I’ve been patoised 😀
Looting washing up liquid, shampoo, bubble bath from the supermarkets with 5,000 trolleys worth. Instant Road Block On Wheels !! Empty the washing up liquid & bubble Bath & the most soapy washing powder onto the street, because we are the new cleaning company to clean the streets of war with peace & Borax for the Ghost Ants aka Key Stone Cops !! Send in the water cannon – Bubbles more bubbles – oh shit General the helicopter`s view has been blocked by the bubble party down below – Tell them to hold off the water cannon & these metal riot suits are not suitable in these conditions. Washing Up Liquid Road Blocks.
Chaos or just a fictional story I am writing. Since it is all made up like the Genocide Dictatorship stories at the DWP assisted suicide mental function championships. It`s just a story. So when does something become non fiction instead of everything being fictional !!!! Pre Meditated DWP Assisted Suicide !!!!
A good tune for the Palace.
Me Razor Sound – I’ve been imagining the scenes your soapy post conjured up. A beautiful nightmare! A Boris washed away by froth – this time not from his own gob.
“DWP DELIBERATELY IGNORE PIP APPLICANTS”
Thousands of disabled people have been blocked from getting through to an overloaded benefits hotline.
Callers could not sign up for Personal Independence Payments (PIP) 18,949 times due to “heavy demand” from January to April – 4,700 a month.
The glitches froze out 1.7% of all calls to the Department for Work and Pensions‘ PIP enquiry line, which costs up to 45p a minute.
The shock figure dwarfs the number of failed calls to the separate free PIP claim line, where just 0.04% could not get through.
Labour MP Frank Field, who obtained the figures, said he will be demanding answers from Tory ministers in Parliament.
The Work and Pensions Committee chairman told the Mirror: “They’ve erected a wall of silence to prevent claimants registering.
“There’s not a deliberate attempt to stop people but it totally favours one side. It’s like building a Berlin Wall around the benefits so people can’t access them.
“One way of rationing it is to charge people a fortune and the other is to not pick up the phone.”
http://www.disabledgo.com/blog/2016/06/thousands-of-disabled-callers-blocked-from-overloaded-dwp-benefits-hotline/?utm_source=DisabledGo+Blog&utm_medium=facebook
……………..and the expected retort from the department of death
A DWP spokesman said: “We aim to deal with all PIP queries as quickly as possible and encourage anyone who has trouble getting through to call back.”
Not Fit For Purpose – A DWP or The DWP Spokesperson = Spokesperson has no meaning in law. Mr whatsit from the DWP said is more in line with the law.
DWP Department of War on the Poor.
DWP – Department of W33 and p1ss. And the staff already belong in the toilet and gutter.
Is There Anyone Who Is Fit For Purpose. Since every one in the media relys on adverts to keep the media going. ADVERTS CONTROLLING THE MEDIA> Murdoch take your & Twatters Face Goat & you are working at a huge loss. One big corporate advert.
Use Ublock Origin for your web browser and this will block all adverts across all websites.
Firefox | June 10, 2016 at 12:05 am | Reply
Yeah, U Block Origin is the way to go. AdBlockPlus has already sold out for £MILLIONS!!
Turning off Javashit will also speed up the web since most ads are delivered by Javashit. There is way too much shit on the web bogging it down. Do we really need to connect to Facebook and Twitter and download shit from them on like every website we visit. Even this (wordpress) site connects to Facebook and Twitter. The Fuckerberg is like everywhere.
I got rid of java software after I read of it being a hacker’s tool. Adblock is rubbish as it hogs system memory resources. U Block doesn’t.
Steve Jobs | June 11, 2016 at 7:04 pm | Reply
The non-working Outlook (which replaced the working Hotmail) is a complete and utter piece of shit! The Myth of Progress!
Why is Outlook such a heap of shit?
Admittance of guilt by the DWP on a daily basis. Cameron`s revolution of failures.
Everything is not poll a tricks – So if you don`t like Dodgy Dave you like Mad Boris. Wasting my time with utter idiots the lot of them. Political clowns.
Now who`s ranting & getting loud & high pitched voices.
mrmarcpc | June 9, 2016 at 3:58 pm | Reply
Eric Prickles – worthless fat bastard, just like Mike Ashley!
The UN has been busy – now it’s high time for them to take it to the Gov’t.
http://www.theguardian.com/society/2016/jun/09/poorer-children-disproportionately-affected-by-austerity-measures-say-un
http://www.theguardian.com/society/2016/jun/09/poorer-children-disproportionately-affected-by-austerity-measures-says-un
it is possible that this scenario could happen!
http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/eu-referendum-brexit-britain-in-2015-if-we-leave-eu-a7069476.html
Sorry that should read:
More happening with regard to the alleged Tory election expenses scandal.
http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/ive-asked-police-investigate-national-8144201
Stephen Crabb, just like his predecessor, is incompetent and full of bullshit.
http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/sports-direct-docked-15-minutes-of-workers-pay-for-turning-up-one-minute-late-but-the-dwp-will-a7070501.html
Meanwhile, for the royals – money is no object – as usual!
No doubt this weekend we will all be ‘expected to celebrate the queen’s 90th birthday’ and also be continually lambasted by endless foot-licking TV programmes by BBC & Sky News!
http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/duchess-cambridge-wows-2100-roland-8152749
Deborah | June 9, 2016 at 10:44 pm | Reply
Paul, the only time i will celebrate anything to do with that parasite, is when the hag from hell fucking CARKS IT!
Fen Tiger | June 10, 2016 at 7:49 pm | Reply
I’m not watching that wrinky old bag have her second birthday on telly. I’ll have to watch CbbC instead as that is much more entertaining.
Hang on, I’ve just had a thought. If the old biddy has two birthdays a year, real and official, surely that would make her as old as 180 and not 90. Must be all that expensive plastic surgery from Dr. Frankestein and that blood serum keeping her look younger than her real age of 180. Don’t get me started on whether or not she is the sister of Frankenstein’s monster…
Deborah | June 10, 2016 at 9:27 pm | Reply
Fen, the ugly old bastard is frankensteins monster, in fact he had a better complexion and was far better looking. Its that scum of the earths fucking birthday every day, what’s it expecting, a fucking pressie off everyone in the land, GO FUCK YOURSELF!
Stepping Razor Sound Plate System | June 9, 2016 at 11:43 pm | Reply
UK government set for UN grilling in Geneva over ‘breaches of disability rights’
DNS By John Pring on June 9, 2016
The UK government is set to face a grilling from UN experts next week over its alleged breaches of international obligations on disabled people’s human rights.
The government will be examined on Wednesday and Thursday (15 and 16 June) by the UN committee on economic, social and cultural rights on its record on issues such as social security, employment, housing, health and education.
The discussions will take place in public, in Geneva, Switzerland, with the committee’s findings likely to be published the following week.
http://www.disabilitynewsservice.com/uk-government-set-for-un-grilling-in-geneva-over-breaches-of-disability-rights/
“””The UK is one of seven countries – including Macedonia, Angola and France – that will be examined by the committee this month, as part of a programme of regular reviews of countries that have ratified the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR).””””
‘Biopsychosocial’ basis for benefit cuts is ‘cavalier, unevidenced and misleading’
DNS – By John Pring on June 9, 2016
The research that successive governments have relied on to justify slashing disability benefits over more than a decade is riddled with inconsistencies, misleading statements and “unevidenced” claims, according to three disabled academics.
A new article by Professor Tom Shakespeare and Professor Nicholas Watson, and fellow academic Ola Abu Alghaib, concludes that the biopsychosocial model of health (BPS) “does not represent evidence-based policy”.
The BPS under-pinned Labour’s out-of-work disability benefit employment and support allowance (ESA) and the work capability assessment (WCA), which has since been linked repeatedly to relapses, episodes of self-harm, and even suicides and other deaths, among those who have been assessed and found fit for work.
http://www.disabilitynewsservice.com/biopsychosocial-basis-for-benefit-cuts-is-cavalier-unevidenced-and-misleading/
conartistocracy | June 10, 2016 at 9:47 am | Reply
‘Buy to leave’ needs to be brought to an end. Also people buying second homes which are left empty for most of the year should be curbed. the governments agenda is clearly classist. The ‘under’ occupied homes of the poor never leave the headlines but the empty houses of the rich are rarely mentioned. How may such empty homes are there in the country?
The Couch Potatoes | June 10, 2016 at 10:35 am | Reply
Maybe Eric Pickles is watching too many of those programmes, particularly on the BBC, that seek to hammer home the message that cheap, shitty food is in fact good for us. As one of the comments at the end of this review says: “The alternative is to suspect that this is all part of a conspiracy to encourage people to eat badly and continue to ruin their health!” BBC/Government wanting us to deliberately ruin our health!? Really?!
GEOFF REYNOLDS | June 10, 2016 at 11:16 am | Reply
“JUST HOW MANY DEATHS, DWP?”
How many suicides have taken place over people not being able to manage due to the
failure of Dept and Work and Pensions staffs to give them enough monies to live on and
sustain a lifestyle that the law says they must have.
How many persons that were claiming or attempting to claim benefits from the Dept
Work Pensions have had relatives or friends reporting to the Dept Work Pensions that
the persons death was caused by suicide and the reasons given for those suicides are
not being given enough to live on or their entitlement by Dept Work Pensions.
How many Dept Work and Pensions staffs has been reported to the CPS for
manslaughter following people committing suicide as a result of the staff at the Dept
Work Pensions not giving them enough monies to live off.
How many Dept Work and Pensions staff have been prosecuted for manslaughter
following the suicide of a claimant who was not given his or her entitlement or suffered
a failed claim and this was reported to the Dept Work Pensions after the persons death.
I require the information to petition the CPS and my MP for prosecutions over the
deaths of claimants when there is evidence their deaths were attributed to by the
negligence of DWP staff. Bullying is a way of contributing to a persons death by suicide
and lots of claimants feel they have been bullied by the DWP, I WANT TO KNOW HOW
MANY DEATHS THE DWP staff are responsible for?”
bill WEBBER
https://www.whatdotheyknow.com/request/deaths_caused_by_the_dept_work_a_2#incoming-823378
“UK GOVERNMENT TO FACE GRILLING BY THE UN”
A list of issues published by the committee – one of 10 bodies that monitor the implementation of the UN’s main human rights treaties – shows that among its concerns is the steps the government has taken to ensure that “austerity measures” introduced through the 2012 Welfare Reform Act do not “disproportionately affect” the rights of “disadvantaged and marginalized individuals and groups”, including disabled people.
The committee’s list also raises concerns about the government’s decision to lower the benefits cap and freeze working-age benefits, and its efforts to address the housing crisis.
It also asks what the UK has done to reduce poverty among “the most marginalized and disadvantaged individuals and groups”, and questions “the reliance on emergency food aid from food banks”
http://blacktrianglecampaign.org/2016/06/09/uk-government-set-for-un-grilling-in-geneva-over-breaches-of-disability-rights/
“HOW THE UK GOVERNMENT VIOLATES THE HUMAN RIGHTS TREATY PROTOCOL”
The UK is one of seven countries – including Macedonia, Angola and France – that will be examined by the committee this month, as part of a programme of regular reviews of countries that have ratified the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR).
The UK ratified the human rights treaty in 1976 and was last reviewed over its progress on implementation in 2009.
The Just Fair human rights consortium – whose members include Disabled People Against Cuts, Inclusion London and Disability Rights UK – has submitted an updated report to the committee in the last few weeks, with evidence across the treaty areas, including employment, social security, access to justice, housing and the right to an adequate standard of living.
The consortium highlights the need to focus on the UK government’s social security reforms because of evidence that they have “had a retrogressive impact” on many of the rights in the treaty, particularly for disabled people and children, which “cannot be justified by reasons of economic necessity”.
In its own updated submission to the committee, the Equality and Human Rights Commission (EHRC) suggests that the government’s social security reforms have breached the treaty, while some of them “have had a disproportionate impact on disabled people, women and children”.
It also suggests that the government should do more to consider the impact of policy and legislation on potentially vulnerable groups, while it should also conduct “cumulative impact assessments” of its overall reforms, an action the government has repeatedly refused to carry out.
“DWP SANCTIONS, PLAYING WITH PEOPLES LIVES”
…………..the new trend from foxhunting
By Kate Belgrave
Yesterday, I spent god knows how long on the phone to the Department for Work and Pensions (a charged-for call, if you don’t mind), having the most ridiculous conversation that I (and probably anyone) has ever had with them.
I was calling on behalf of Sam, a 22-year-old who signs on at East Ham jobcentre in London. A week or so ago, Sam saw a different jobcentre adviser from her usual one. The adviser at that meeting decided that Sam’s jobsearch record for the fortnight wasn’t up to a standard that the adviser had in mind and that the jobcentre would think about imposing a sanction. Advisers told Sam that she’d have to wait a week or two for a decision-maker to decide whether or not the sanction would go ahead.
But in the meantime, to all intents and purposes, Sam has been sanctioned. I say this because she didn’t receive her benefit payment this week. As of Monday, she had 80p left in her bank account. Last week the jobcentre gave her a hardship payment application form, when advisers first started talking about imposing a sanction. She filled in the form and took it to the jobcentre this week with her bank statement showing the 80p.
But the jobcentre now told Sam that she couldn’t submit the hardship form until the jobcentre had made a formal decision about sanctioning her. Sam said she’d already been sanctioned, because her benefit had been stopped. That was a sanction as far as she was concerned. It certainly felt like a sanction. She had no money. Her benefit had been stopped. Still the jobcentre wouldn’t take the hardship form.
So we rang the DWP. The DWP confirmed that Sam’s benefit had been suspended. The DWP also confirmed that Sam couldn’t submit her application for a hardship payment until the jobcentre made a formal decision about the sanction. I said that Sam had surely already been sanctioned, because her benefit hadn’t been paid.
https://sentinelnews.co.uk/2016/06/09/sanctioned-while-waiting-to-be-sanctioned/
DWP = PURE. FUCKING. EVIL! | June 10, 2016 at 12:56 pm | Reply
DWP = PURE. FUCKING. EVIL!
DWP staffed and run by the Gestapo. More money is being thrown towards setting up and issuing benefit sanctions out like sweets than is given out each fortnight in JSA payments. If the government truly want to save cash, sack the lunatics in DWP, close it down and just hand everyone on JSA, ESA and pensions £200 a week. Look how much money would go around to the unemployed and retired and not be squandered running a corrupt government job website, jobcentres that don’t even advertise jobs, their lazy staff and the DWP. Close it all down tomorrow and nobody would lose sleep over it.
Raining | June 14, 2016 at 1:03 am | Reply
Stepping Razor Sound Plate System | June 10, 2016 at 2:04 pm | Reply
Getting A Job At Disability Confident – Fantastic !!! Fantastic !!! It`s Fantastic !! Lazy Lazy !!
I`ve learnt so much crap.
The UK guilty of Human Rights Breaches of the disabled by the UN next week. Piss off politics.
The UK & Angola have been found guilty.
No appeal syste at the UN Dodgy Dave – We are not at poundland now !!
The only good thing about Poundland is their current 3 for £1 offers on fizzy canned drinks. As for their CD selection, f9cking old CD albums (dating back 20+ years) on sale at a quid each. Their DVDs on sale are pirated versions obviously or rip-off cheap versions of big blockbuster films.
Genocide is the answer Dodgy Dave. Genocide of bent politicians.
The UK`s Human Rights record on the Disabled is as bad as Iran, China & North Korea. Where`s your defence dodgy dave !!! A War !!!
The result is on the 15th June well before the 23rd of June – The UN Human Rights failures in the UK.
Leave Europe = No Disability Equality.
Stay in Europe with the new bill of rights = No Disability Equality
So stop using the disabled yet again as a political weapon.
sian | June 10, 2016 at 2:44 pm | Reply
And the fleecing of the many by the few steps up yet again……
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/investing/buy-to-let/our-tenants-will-pay-the-new-taxes-say-buy-to-let-investors-as-t/
That ugly, smug c3nt Andrew Neil is on BBC One again tonight from 7:30pm with more b8llsh6t about scaring us not into voting leave. The f93k I am going to pay European Tax and European National Insurance out of my wages if those smelly, unwashed cheese eating monkeys and those sour Krauts ever bring in that stupid scheme. F9ck Europe, We may belong to the European Continent because of land geography but we are f8cking not in Europe.
Another rant from me about those smug c93ts Jokecentre MInus. Where is my bl33ding P45 for my employer? F9cking quick to get me on sanction threats when I was signed on, but f7cking slow when it comes to helping me sort out my future tax affairs from next week. Lazy b2sta6ds.
Marie | June 10, 2016 at 8:13 pm | Reply
http://usvsth3m.com./wp-content/uploads/2014/03/PbfPoaZ.jpg.
Marie – two pricks in one pic, well done!!! 😀
Shithot pic, it should say, he’s a banker and i’m a WANKER!
Sperm bank?
Fen – hope you finally get sorted and free from Dept. Wankers & Pillocks ASAP 🙂
I’m all sorted and free from those p1llocks. Just awaiting my P45 from them to give to my employer asap, hopefully before I start getting wages paid. I’ve also requested them as of today to shut down my UJM account as I don’t need that rubbish nagging in the back of my mind during 44 hours a week working.
Fen – 44 hours, physical work, too – you’ll be as fit as a butchers dog if you take care of yourself! 🙂
I’m used to that sort of physical work as I have previously worked in a different part of the factory complex a few years ago. I won’t nag so much about having to be up at 5:30am each week day to make sure I get in work for 7:30am start -soon as my wages appear next week. I finally deserve a spending spree out of my money after having years of going without luxury items on meagre JSA.
(not sure to mention company name or website on here though of where I am back working again…)
Dissidentdiva | June 11, 2016 at 12:38 am | Reply
Best not mensh company name. Let us know when your wages are in – I’ll raise a glass to my pc screen! 😀
Jeepers Creepers | June 11, 2016 at 5:10 am | Reply
The company is called Timber Falls 🙂 Just up from Rogue River and across from Eden Lake 🙂
Fen Tiger | June 11, 2016 at 3:28 pm |
Lool. I can say so much that I will be getting more in wages each week than those lazy good for nothing part-time g1ts “JCP staff”. Good news so far is that my P45s came through this morning and a few JCP letters too boot, all in three separate envelopes – DWP wastage.
One of the letters says how much JSA I will be getting from 1st February 2012, but with the letter itself dated as 7th June 2016. It goes further than this daftness by first saying I will get £73.10 per week then mentions “we cannot pay you an allowance from 5th June 2016. Bl33ding obvious as I closed my JSA claim myself on the 5th of June the day before I went back to work again. it goes on to say how I will get my money every two weeks whilst still entitled to JSA and which bank it will go into. Stupid government fools.
One letter is totally blank except for my name, address and dated as 7th June 2016. Environmental wastage again from those carbon happy DWP nobs. Suitable toilet paper for when I run out of using bark leaves to get clean again after using the porta-potty. Another letter states that JSA is classed as taxable income, as if I didn’t know about this previously. They were robbing my JSA through tax so this could be used to pay their own wages. If everybody was employed, JCP staff would become un-paid and out of work themselves.
GEOFF REYNOLDS | June 10, 2016 at 10:25 pm | Reply
“TORIES DESPERATE TO INCREASE FUEL COSTS”
…………because their friends in the oil industry are pulling their strings
For the last couple of weeks the tabloids have been running stories about air pollution and Gordon Brown making a misake on fuel duty……
What they are really doing is testing public opinion with regard to hiking fuel duty especially on diesel prices.
With fuel prices being so low in the uk (stop fucking laughing), the poor broken arseholes of the oil industry are appealing to the government to artificially inflate costs by coming up with dodgy data on air particulates.
Soon driving will be just a luxury of the rich. How many small haulage businesses will be driven to the wall if the increases go ahead?
ps Hope the wrinkly old bag chokes on an antler whilst feeding on venison as her broken subjects raise cup a soup and out of date crackers to their lips…….
……….Isn’t it strange that the government and all and sundry are trying to persuade us that to remain in the EU is best?
Yet none of the big media players have given any coverage to the hostility in France of intended changes to wage rates, hours, labour laws and the extension of the working week .
The French have more bottle when dished up with a plate of crap, I wish that the Brits had half of that bottle, some mettle to fight back injustice.
Never has so much shit been spouted by two opposing factions regarding the EU………..
In out, in out and shake it all about,
they pander to the rich and murder all the poor…………
…………and that’s what it’s all about………
Dissidentdiva | June 10, 2016 at 11:07 pm | Reply
“HOW THE DWP BEND FACTS TO MAKE IT APPEAR WELFARE FRAUD IS RIFE”
………………running at just 0.7 percent, they decided to spice it up by telling lies………
From: Anita Bellows
I would like some further information regarding your release on Fraud and error in the benefit system. https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/sy…
The document is stating: We changed the way we categorise overpayments after 2013/14. This change in methodology means some overpayments have switched to being categorised as fraud rather than claimant error. This is driving recent trends: fraud is now at its highest recorded rate; claimant error is at its lowest recorded rate.
I would like to know which category(ies) of claimant’s error have been recategorised as fraud.
If that does not apply to Abroad Fraud overpayments, I would like to know which action DWP has taken which has led to an increase from £3m to £27m in ESA fraud
If that applies to Abroad Fraud overpayments, what was the rationale for changing the category from error to fraud? If you have any internal documents about this, could you forward them to me?
In the light of the Express article saying : ESA fraud rocketed, driven by people who are living abroad but still claiming handouts. http://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/672023/… I would like to know the median duration of ESA benefit being claimed unlawfully, beyond the initial period of 4 weeks? (in weeks if possible)
Anita Bellows
* off-topic *
When I click on Void poster “Deborah”, the page can’t be displayed and yet if I click another poster, also name highlighted in blue I can see his/her own wordpress account website. Maybe JV knows the answer perchance?
Deborah has been sucked into the void…..Deborah CAN YOU HEAR US?…….
Earth calling Deborah.
Yes i can hearrrrrr yooouuuu…………
Surendra | June 11, 2016 at 4:21 am | Reply
EU working on plan A & B if ‘Brexiteers’. Does that lead to even worse situation.
“GOVERNMENT DENY LINKS TO INCREASED WELFARE DEATHS”
Dear GEOFFREY REYNOLDS
The Government has responded to the petition you signed – “To examine the DWP, ATOS & Maximus’s culpability for deaths of benefit claimants”.
Government responded:
The assertion behind this e-petition is wrong. It is untrue to say there has been a marked increase recently in the number of deaths and suicides of claimants found to be fit for work following a WCA.
The assertion behind this e-petition is not correct – namely that there has been a marked increase recently in the number of deaths of claimants found to be fit for work following a Work Capability Assessment (WCA). The independent fact checking organisation Full Fact has supported this: “It was widely reported that thousands of people died within weeks of being found “fit for work” and losing their benefits. This is wrong.” (https://fullfact.org/economy/reporting-fit-work-deaths-isnt-fit-purpose/)
……………………WE ALL KNOW THE TRUTH, IT’S ONLY A MATTER OF TIME…………
“2,600 benefit claimants die within weeks of being ruled fit for work”
The Daily Mail, 27 August 2015
“More Than 4,000 Died Within Six Weeks Of Being Deemed ‘Fit For Work’, Reveal Government”
The Huffington Post, 27 August 2015
“Over a two-year period, 2,380 people claiming employment and support allowance (ESA) died within a fortnight of being told they were deemed able to work and so would lose the benefit.”
The Times, 28 August 2015
……………..caring conservatism
DWP never managed to kill me off in all the time I had to go through their cr4p. I’ve got a few grey hairs now with all that stress from being on the system and being sanction wary.
Rhubarb and Custard | June 11, 2016 at 5:36 pm | Reply
JSA and grey hairs go together like rhubarb and custard 😀
Fifty shades of jsa?
Like Cholera & Diarrohea.
“HELPING A VULNERABLE LADY IN A MAXIMUS DISABILITY DENIAL SCAM IS NOW A CRIMINAL OFFENCE”
The Crown versus Tony Cox – and welfare activists everywhere: Part 2, Round 1
June 9, 2016suwn
To start with a bit of background. Last year SUWN activist Tony Cox was dragged through the courts after accompanying a vulnerable woman to the Jobcentre and correcting their interpretation of the rules. As their evidence of ‘threatening behaviour’ fell apart, the charges were dropped – but just before this was confirmed Tony was arrested again, this time attempting to accompany a woman to her Work Capability Assessment with Maximus and insisting on her right to be accompanied by a person of her choice. One might be tempted to think that the DWP and its subcontractors wanted to stymie effective advocacy…
This second court case came to trial today in Dundee.
We have heard evidence so far from three Maximus employees and watched the CCTV tape of the ‘incident’. The tape had no sound, but the Maximus witnesses added metaphorical speech bubbles to tell their story, attributing to Tony a variety of swear words. (Telling a convincing story is Maximus’ bread and butter.)
In his evidence, Tony explained that he had had problems with one of the Maximus assessors on a previous occasion when she claimed that he couldn’t take notes in the assessment, and then called the police when he protested and proved her wrong. This assessor was one of the three witnesses but was having major problems remembering what happened just 7 months ago, giving responses that bore little relationship to her original statement to the police.
The Maximus receptionist (who, of course, was ‘just doing her job’) had given the police a fulsome account of Tony’s aggressive demands for toilet paper, but she failed to make shit stick when this was compared to the CCTV video. However, she then slipped in an addition to the charges, claiming that at just the moment when he was out of the video frame, Tony pushed her. As Tony explained in his own answers, this was the moment when the receptionist was trying to ensure that he was shut out of the building leaving Fiona – the client who he was trying to help – inside to their tender mercies. Far from pushing anyone, he was attempting to keep the door open.
While it was a shock to have and addition to the charge that Tony had not been informed about, we were less concerned about the new CCTV footage that the Procurator Fiscal produced. After watching nothing happen outside the front door of the Maximus building for 10 minutes, the defence lawyer politely asked if we could be talked through what we were looking at, whereupon the Fiscal decided to stop the video.
The Fiscal turned far less amenable when questioning Tony. He did his best to rile Tony with persistent suggestions that he was just out to cause trouble. Tony refused to be riled, maintaining a professional calm as he explained that the SUWN wouldn’t do anything that would disrupt the processes people need to go through in order to get much needed benefits.
Although the Maximus evidence was riddled with contradictions, we were very aware that there are three of them, so the evidence from the woman Tony was accompanying was really important. She wasn’t called until about 3.30pm after waiting since 9.30 in the morning, and she was clearly completely overwhelmed by the formality of the court. Before Tony’s lawyer had asked any substantial questions she had broken down in tears and was unable to recover enough to continue. Rather than go ahead without key evidence, we had to ask for the case to be adjourned. We hope that, when it reconvenes on the 23rd she will feel able to give evidence via video link.
So much for the formal proceedings; but the action outwith the courtroom was equally worrying.
When we arrived, Tony was told by a court official that his lawyer wasn’t there and they had been contacted by the firm to find a local stand-in. It was a worrying 25 minutes before he found his lawyer and that story was put to bed.
Then a cheery policewoman called Tony aside to ask him about the speech he gave at our anti-workfare demo outside The Range, when he quoted allegations about sexual improprieties by management. A sensitive choice of moment.
When we got into the court, a police woman stopped me taking notes, claiming I needed permission from the sheriff. Permission was eventually forthcoming, and the policewoman was persuaded to apologise -claiming that she had not known that rules had been changed – but I still have a gap in my notes.
And perhaps most seriously, Tony’s lawyer was informed that a court officer had passed the sheriff a note saying that he suspected Tony of operating a recording device in his pocket when on the witness stand. Tony did indeed put his hand in his pocket, but only to pull out a handkerchief with which to mop an understandably sweaty brow.
Our conviction that Tony, and welfare activists generally, are the subject of a major attack by the state is only strengthened by today’s proceedings. As ever, we are proud to have comrades who recognise the importance of this case and of solidarity – including our good friends from Edinburgh Coalition Against Poverty and the Glasgow Anarchist Collective, who joined us outside the court in Dundee, and the solidarity protestors in Govan, Edinburgh, Cardiff, Doncaster and Kilburn.
“DAILY MAIL ADMITS IT WAS WRONG ON CLAIMS OF MOTABILITY FRAUD”
http://politicalscrapbook.net/2016/06/daily-mail-admits-it-was-wrong-about-disabled-fraud/
Here lies proof that where there is no real news to report in the media, that is, heavily censored unlike what is seen on youtube and internet, the media goes and makes it all up as usual just to bring in higer TV viewing figures and an increase in daily paper sales. tw1ts.
News of that rocket man family scandal that went through the High Court back In January has disappeared up its own harris. The media has got bored of trying to reveal the family and has moved on awaiting the next big scandal to show up.
The Times Newspaper (11th June 2026) – today’s breaking headlines;
“Prince Charles has recently finally mastered the art of flight by learning to flap his large ears up and down. The Civil Aviation Authority has refused him permission to take off from Heathrow Airport following a recent near-miss at Luton Stansted with a Boeing 747 landing from Hong Kong.”
“The pound has fallen to its lowest level in a century. All shop retail prices immediately lowered down to just 50p each. The police are expected to join in with next week’s looting and ransacking of Marks And Spencer.”
“The formal State opening of Parliament has been delayed after squatters had been found to have broken in the night before. Police later release details that they were the former Prime Minister David Cameroon, George Osborne and Teresa May. All were jailed for life.”
“Sport. David Beckham has come out actually as a woman. Years of public speculation about why he has a girly voice has at least been vindicated. Victoria Beckham is said to be jealous that he is now more girly than her”.
“WHEN BORIS MET DAVE”
Must see , When Boris met Dave
Removed from youtube but still on Vimeo
The sage | June 11, 2016 at 1:20 pm | Reply
Boris, Dave`s personal Trojan Horse filled with IDS, Gove, Grayling. Pack wolves to pretend to the UK that leave is the best way, whilst telling the public that workers rights will be rearranged and human rights will be reviewed.
Better vote stay then!! what DWP victim would ever vote to side with IDS.
Played like a fiddle, and its working like a dream.
Same goes for Gove, what teacher would vote to side with him.
Hand picked to make you vote stay.
With Boris as PM.
paultheswineherd | June 11, 2016 at 2:50 pm | Reply
The sage – Your’e right! The population should ask themselves WHY are IDS, Grayling, Gove, Priti Patel and Boris Johnson all together in one group of ‘Brexiteers’. Probably the reason is ‘POWER’ after Cameron goes and Boris Johnson (or David Davis perhaps) then gets in as the new PM. They are all bullshitting arse-lickers who will do and say anything to further their ambitions.
If there is a vote leave, then all of these would be in a prime position to be put into ‘POWER’ – the poor, the working poor and the sick/disabled will most likely suffer even more under these bastards.
Human Rights will be overhauled all right (literally) – there will be less human rights than now and only then they will serve the rich, the very rich and the millionairres best.
If Britain leaves, the country will probably become even more right-wing than it is now.
Meanwhile, here is the latest that IDS (and others) have to say. Please scroll down the page to find out the bullshit that IDS is now vomiting from his scheming and lying mouth!
http://www.theguardian.com/politics/live/2016/jun/11/eu-referendum-live-senior-labour-figures-urge-party-to-step-up-campaign
I don’t read much MSM as its mostly bull. In my opinion IDS and all the others would never vote to leave, their future employment is in the EU in some job or another.
They all end up working for Brussels with a massive golden handshake and a pay packet to match.
Why on earth would they vote to leave, when most of them have wage top ups that include huge handouts for agriculture land.(IDS)….and other magical made up legislation.
Stick yer fingers in your ears turn of the telly and vote with your gut instinct, not what some politician has said in the “Self Preservation Society”.
Its all Piffle.
The sage – Yes, could well be right there also – it could all be one ‘great trick’ being played by Cameron and his cohorts upon the ‘totally unsuspecting population’. Of course, the Media is only too happy to play along with it all and cover up as necessary! I suppose we will only know for absolutely sure after 23rd June!
The Joker | June 12, 2016 at 7:16 am | Reply
However is pans out, one thing is for sure, on the 23rd June we will all be thinking: “We have been had, once again, played for fools”.
We can look forward to the ‘Revelation of the Method’ as the Masons would say… 😉
Mirage | June 12, 2016 at 9:09 pm | Reply
We will be conned and hood-winked into doing what the bastards wanted us to do all along. It is just figuring out what the bastards REALLY want us to do and then voting the EXACT OPPOSITE 😀
Deborah | June 13, 2016 at 5:19 pm |
I reckon the decision to stay in or leave has already been decided, this referendum is just one big piss take!
The Piss-Takers | June 14, 2016 at 7:34 am |
Yep 😀 It is a fucking piss-take alright. 😀 Indeedy-deed-deed-deed 😀
They are not kissing I hope…
“DODGY DAVE GETS AN EARBASHING, BUT THE MEDIA LOOKS AWAY”
David Cameron was called “dodgy Dave” again today. Not by Dennis Skinner, but by a young woman during a live broadcast.
Speaking at an EU Referendum Facebook event for BuzzFeed, Cameron got a face-full of rhetoric leftist pie when Yasmin told him that, while planning to vote to remain in the European Union, she did not associate herself in any other way with the Tories.
She explained: “I’m voting Remain but nothing to do with you guys – I hate the Tories. I just want to say you’ve fucked every fucking thing up in this country. You’ve screwed students, you’ve screwed the disabled, the vulnerable, I mean, seriously.
“I’ve heard you want to take back the Human Rights Act and everything as well, and I totally believe that. I wouldn’t put it past you at all, dodgy Dave.”
Had three “self-employed gardeners” with a van doing next door’s garden and hedges when I got back home a little while ago today from a shopping trip. Soon as I declined their offer of also cutting back my drive-way hedge and front garden they soon scarpered off in their van quickly. They looked and acted very dodgy and shifty as well.
One of them had the audacity to ask me if I was working and how much money I will be bringing home each week. Told him in so much that information was none of his business to be asking from me. Cheeky g1t..
Has the DWP been treated for an outbreak of pub1c crabs yet? or has their latest itchy pub1c health scare been buried for “other good news” from their headquarters?
MORE TACKY TRINKETS AND DODGY ANARCHIC NAMES DOLED OUT TO ANYONE PREPARED TO KISS THE ROYAL PARASITES JACKSY ( THE MOST DISGUSTING FACE OF TYRANNICAL RULE )
THE MOST DANGEROUS PARASITES ON THE PLANET!
Another honours list and still I am not included yet again for my valuable work in signing on at the local joke shop. Maybe next year I will bung the Honours committee a fiver to get me in the list for 2018 and a sirhood.
We all deserve an OBE for what the B$STARDS have put us all through Fen!
It’s official. The government is now illegally spying on me and in breach of the Data Protection Act, Article 8 of the ECHR Act and also the Misuse of Computer Act. I contacted DWP to close my UJM account on Thursday. Today, two days later and my UJM account is still live. Will now have to waste my valuable time after work on Monday to remind them in the knocking shop to get my former UJM account offline and deleted asap.
David Camoron doing the splits – altogether now, legs apart people, to try and be “one of the ordinary people” at his public speeches. Next thing we know is he will move on to bigger and better things by dropping his trousers on The Andrew Marr Show to show us his red rose tattoo on his b6m crack.
Move along people. Nothing to see here…
In the demented mind of the leader David Camoron…
The British worker – “up the workers, and out on strike for better pay”
David Camoron – “Up yours”
Why didn’t I notice this before? All along I thought Seetec were up to no good and telling porkies to me when I was there in 2014-15.
https://intensiveactivity.wordpress.com/2016/02/07/unemployment-business-prospering-as-seetec-boss-rakes-it-in-and-expands-empire/
GREEDY PARASITIC OLD COW!
Wonder if the old smeghead has made a will, prob going to leave its vast fortune to its lowly subjects, well you know what they say about a word in jest!
Debs – You can be assured that none of her lowly ‘subjects’ will not receive a penny of her insanely vast fortune – in true and mean feudal style – I suspect most of it is likely to go to (‘her eldest son’) Charles & Camilla Parker Bowles, as if they haven’t got enough cash already!
DWP Police State – Guilty Of Wasting Police Time – A DWP Battle Of Who Is Wasting Police Time.
The DWP Spokesperson got a knighthood – Sir DWP Spokesperson said “………..Will we fill in your signature for you”. Sir Forgery.
Dodgy Dave Technical – DDT.
PC – Pest Control.
PLC – Pest Limited Control.
DISABILITY UNCONFIENTAL AT THE MENTAL FUNCTION CHAMPIONSHIPS.
Metal Function Champion aka Chris Grayling advise Atos.
Typo Mental Chris Grayling
UNUM.
RANT – Rats Against Natural Life
Rant PLC a tax haven & money Laundering. Yes fiction – Where did the Investment go? What Investment !!!
As least I have a brain that works outside the UNUM Merlin System Think Tank Nudge Unit Genocide dictatorship of a rogue state of human rights & equality.
Tory Failure !!
Violet | June 11, 2016 at 7:13 pm | Reply
Tories are scum.
7 reasons to vote OUT of the EU.
http://www.newparadigm.ws/my-blogs/7-reasons-to-vote-out-of-the-eu/
(Off-topic) As I said recently on here, the R.N. is now a shadow of it’s former self. Not to worry though – the scrounging queen and her family are still totally ‘swimming’ in money, whilst some of her ‘subjects’ are almost starving and having to use food banks!
http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/third-british-sailors-want-jump-8167524
Marie – indeed – bring on the best venison and port! Good one! 🙂
OFF WITH THEIR HEADS!!!!!
Whilst talking about ‘swimming in money’ – here is another financially disastrous but extremely rich supremo – Sir Philip Green.
It’s also being reported today of possible ‘cronyism’ regarding Cameron and his Tory donors and the queen’s birthday ‘honours list’.
The same thing happened last year also, but nothing was done about it, either then, or now.
http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/frank-field-hits-back-philip-8166803
And now, even John McDonnell, the shadow chancellor, has stepped into the row!
http://www.theguardian.com/business/2016/jun/11/mcdonnell-joins-calls-to-strip-sir-philip-green-of-knighthood-if-he-snubs-mps
The ‘Media’ have got so much to answer for – not only the EU Referendum, but also for all of the cover-ups, the deliberate lying and the deliberate twisting of the truth – and also, seemingly answering to the desires and the upholding of the cruel policies of the present Tory Government in keeping most of it completely covered up from the general population.
http://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/press/eu-referendum-could-the-uk-media-swing-it-one-way-or-another-a7077006.html
Fellow JCP Sufferer/Customer | June 11, 2016 at 11:22 pm | Reply
I never thought I would say this, but I actually like Gove!
Looks like the EU’s a bit like Hotel California!
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/06/07/brexit-is-not-deliverable-says-david-camerons-father-in-law/
Dissidentdiva | June 12, 2016 at 1:05 am | Reply
Paul – referendum – people are bewildered by the onslaught from politicians and ‘experts’ of all kinds crawling out of the woodwork, yeaing and naying. Total shitsorm.
We are bombarded from all sides by misinformation and subterfuge Smoke and mirrors, promises and lies. Torn between two lovers.
Marie | June 12, 2016 at 8:11 am | Reply
I’m going with my gut instinct – I’m voting OUT !
Me too 😀
The sage | June 12, 2016 at 8:37 am | Reply
It has worked its magic on you, the MSM voodoo is designed to confuse its readers and watchers, unplug from the madness matrix and look to the “Other side”.
“The Other Side” will show you the way, and help you decide, however you still have to sieve through the bollocks, but the truth is there.
Marie | June 12, 2016 at 10:21 am | Reply
The controlled mass media hasn’t worked it’s magic on me, I believe hardly anything that they say – it’s all lies and propaganda designed to mislead and hide the truth.
jeff | June 12, 2016 at 1:01 pm | Reply
everyone I have talked to is voting out!!!.
mostly people 50 and over, because we can remember life in the uk before the fucking eu existed.
Cameron and his evil rich cronies have lied, misled and used scare tactics to try and make us vote for the tories own hidden adgenda.
if we stay in the fucking eu the rich will continue getting richer.
its these rich parasites that sit on the board of all those major companies tht get grants and hand-outs from the eu that’s why big business are desperate for us to stay in the eu.
also big business and the rich parasites are shitting them selves because if we leave there will be no more cheap foreign labour available for them to exploit and pay slave fucking wages too to become eve more fucking rich.
the young I this country are brain washed, they believe everything the fucking Tories tell them, a bunch of short sighted lemmings who cant see further that a few weeks ahead.
if we lose the vote and we remain, you thank all those 18 to 25 year old who probably know fuck all about politics’ fuck all about the eu and its hidden agenda to suck us into a European super state run by the FUCKING GERMANS!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! .
if you don’t ever want to own your own home vote tory and vote stay in,
if you want to work for less than £10 an hour for the rest of your life vote tory and vote stay in,
if you want your taxes to go up to pay for the European super state vote tory and vote to stay in,
if you want our little island country to be over run by immigrants vote tory and vote stay in.
if you want unelected rich parasites in Brussels to dictate to us how we live our lives then again vote tory and vote stay in the fucking list goes on and on.
I have made my will and made a bomb shelter under ground in my garden as every rich mans best buddy ( call me dave) has declared that brexit would be the end of civilization.
dave says that if the uk leaves the eu the world will go into total melt down
cities across the world will fall, every business on the planet will collapse and fail, global mass starvation on a biblical scale, every eu country will declare war on each other if we leave the eu, sum it up daves prediction is global Armageddon if the uk leaves the eu!!.
FUCK OF CAMERON your full of shit!!.
go find some other country to haunt and take the rest of those parasites at the tory party with you.
Raining | June 12, 2016 at 2:36 pm | Reply
Great post jeff and sums it all up beautifully. The young can’t think further than when’s the next i-phone coming out and how much is it? Friggin’ brain dead idiots most of them who believe every bit of BS propaganda the mass media feeds them. Compliant little slave worker bees they’ve become. Mindless drones.
I’ve already voted and voted LEAVE/OUT. The whole EU is set up to rip the ordinary person off and to benefit mega rich corporations and big business. It is also designed to lower wages and put poor people of one country up against poor from other countries, all scraping down the bottom of the barrel for sustenance.
TruthTeller | June 13, 2016 at 8:18 am | Reply
No you are wrong Jeff! But on one major point only. Yes the EU is corrupt. You would have to have only one brain cell to think otherwise. However the real problem is that if we vote out which I am hoping we do I might add. We then have the prospect of the most evil and right wing of the Tory party taking over from David Cameron. The consequences will be even more painful for the poorest and most marginalised in this country. What we need more than anything in this country is a real socialist government that will destroy the establishment, get rid of the royal family, build only social housing until the housing crisis is solved, renationalise important industries so they serve the needs of the population, not the wealthy, and start redistributing the wealth from the richest to the poorest. Now I admit this can only happen if we leave the EU because whilst we remain within it we cannot have anything other than that dictated by unelected bureaucrats, however as I stated earlier if we leave it won’t be all sunshine and roses. The right wing nut jobs will make the poor suffer 10 times worse than the present lot unless the stupid UK public wake up and change there whole outlook away from greed and selfishness to a more caring and nurturing society and that is unlikely due to the constant brainwashing in to the system from the media and education system. As it stands at this time, we are just viewed and conditioned from birth to serve our masters as cheap labour so they can rule over us with ease, so unless there is a mass awakening we will just continue either in or out of the EU with the same old broken system. Never believe a Tory when they spin the old yarn that anyone can be a success in this capitalist system. Think about that statement and how false it is, because in order for the system to work someone has to serve at the bottom of the rung. If that wasn’t the case then who would clean the streets and empty our bins.
Big Chief Wigwam | June 14, 2016 at 7:42 am | Reply
Wise man he say we can’t have all chiefs and no indians 😉
Trumps visit to the UK the day before the vote is no coincidence.
Its amazing that a few months ago our ruling corporate elite wanted him banned from the UK.
WELL SURPRISE SURPISE…………….here`s Trump ready to piss off half the voters with his all guns blazing pearls of wisdom of his rendition of the EU.
Can’t fucking wait.
SINISTER SITES – THE EU PARLIAMENT.
http://vigilantcitizen.com/sinistersites/sinister-sites-the-eu-parliament/
Bill Gates III | June 14, 2016 at 3:01 pm | Reply
Even Micro$shit has hidden Masonic symbolism in the WInDoze logo – the colours represent the colours of the Masonic lodges 😉
GEOFF REYNOLDS | June 12, 2016 at 2:26 pm | Reply
“HAVE TO AGREE ENTIRELY JEFF”
………..the EEC are nothing but global parasites that manifest themseves in secret cabals hidden from public scrutiny. A rich mans club that plans strategy to make the populus poorer whilst enjoying the fruits of the peasants toil.
Cameron has no morals or scruples, another kingpin in multinational dominance that favours the sickly Etonian style greed.
A reverse Robin Hood who puts his dick into a dead pigs mouth to realise his ambition of satisfying a peverted toffs ritual.
Agovernment so twisted it uses the judiciary to clear the police in involvement in a Brazillian electricians assassination on Stockwell tube, elects a dodgy pathologist to examine a newspaper sellers death by police brutality, hides Hillsborough evidence, lies about weapons of mass destruction, provided safe haven to establishment paedophiles,murders the disabled and clears MI6 on charges of collusion to torture…………………..
What a fucking septic tank this once proud nation has become……….
……………CaMERON CAN THREATEN WHAT HE LIKES REGARDS PENSIONS.
THE TRUTH OF THE MATTER IS THAT THE PENSION POT LAYS BARE, THERE IS NOTHING IN IT AND IT HAS BEEN RAIDED BY SUCCESSIVE GOVERNMENTS TILL IT CREAKS.
“HOW COME THE CANADIAN TEACHERS PENSION FUND IS MAKING MILLIONS FROM UK AIRPORTS, FOOTBALL CLUBS AND CROSSRAIL?”
THEY EVEN OWN OUR NATIONAL LOTTERY.
OUR PENSIONS PAY OUT DIDDLY SQUAT, ABSOLUTELY FUCK ALL IN COMPARISON TO OUR NEIGHBOURS. YOU ARE BEING TAKEN ON THE MOST EXPENSIVE RIDE OF YOUR LIFE WITH IDIOTS AT THE HELM.
The French are equally as unhappy as the Brits but the media has imposed a blanket ban to keep the uk mushrooms in check.
From the lips of the english lit student who dared to confront Cameron………………
“YOU HAVE FUCKED EVERYTHING YOU TOUCHED”
Might the violence at Marseille be linked to Cameron also?
http://www.impactnottingham.com/2015/10/camerons-hypocritical-condemnation-of-russian-action-in-syria/
*Off-topic*
Please read and comment – I have noticed a harmful website/pop up alert appearing at random, mostly on Firefox and startpage.com but could also be on other search engines and/or browsers that I have yet to find out. The harmful website/pop-up is called “digitalprivacyalert.org”. If you,should come across this, which is claiming to be from Google and states google is tracking your web activity, please ignore this alert and do not visit that site.
This website is harmful and will cause loss of data or possibly corrupt your computer rendering it useless. To combat this, if you are using Mozilla Firefox (version 47), please install the add-on blocksite and add this, as one word :
digitalprivacyalert.org
: to the blacklist options and save/apply to confirm this web address is blacklisted. At the top of the add-on, ensure that these boxes are ticked – ‘enable blocksite’ ; ‘enable warning messages’ ; ‘enable link removal’ and also ‘blacklist’ option is enabled. If that harmful website tries to pop-up and give a fake google tracking alert, blocksite add-on for firefox will flag up a warning message to confirm it is correctly removing web link redirection to that fake google scam.
http://review.easycounter.com/Digital-Privacy-Alert-trust
Easycounter is reporting that scam website to be harmful and suspicious. Entering that website will cause loss of data and will harm / corrupt your computer.
Thanks Fen! 🙂
Make sure when you vote take your own black biro or felt tip pen.
Do not use the pencils for obvious reasons.
I will bring a black pen – thanks for the tip sage x
Can’t I use my gold glitter pen? 😦
Hangu | June 12, 2016 at 9:45 pm | Reply
use mobile broadband and, after taking advantage of the free Windows 7 Professional to Windows 10 Pro upgrade, was surprised to find my monthly broadband allowance began to be exhausted in two rather than four weeks. How? Why? Well it turns out that Microsoft uses individual private computers as mini-servers to torrent Windows updates to other users around the world! I’m not kidding, When Windows 10 downloads updates to your computer they arrive not only from Microsoft itself but from other user’s computers and – and this is the worst of it – are then UPLOADED from your computer, using your bandwidth, to other user’s computers on the web! That was where my data allowance was going! Getting spent uploading Windows 10 updates to stranger on Microsoft’s behalf freeing up Microsoft’s own servers from doing all of the work.
What a bunch of wankers Microsoft is.
No wonder why everybody hates them.
Here’s an article about it.
http://www.cracked.com/blog/4-awful-secrets-no-one-telling-you-about-windows-10/
Warn your friends.
I use mobile broadband and, after taking advantage of the free Windows 7 Professional to Windows 10 Pro upgrade, was surprised to find my monthly broadband allowance began to be exhausted in two rather than four weeks. How? Why? Well it turns out that Microsoft uses individual private computers as mini-servers to torrent Windows updates to other users around the world! I’m not kidding, When Windows 10 downloads updates to your computer they arrive not only from Microsoft itself but from other user’s computers and – and this is the worst of it – are then UPLOADED from your computer, using your bandwidth, to other user’s computers on the web! That was where my data allowance was going! Getting spent uploading Windows 10 updates to stranger on Microsoft’s behalf freeing up Microsoft’s own servers from doing all of the work.
Fellow JCP Sufferer/Customer | June 13, 2016 at 2:31 am | Reply
Hangu – Thanks for the warning about windows 10. I have managed to avoid it. I’m still with windows 7. They did a really sly thing though. I always used to click the x to close the info window that popped up offering windows 10, but one time it came up before I managed to close it and it said “We’ve scheduled your free upgrade to windows 10 for the 25th May” (without me having accepted the offer!!!). I immediately cancelled it, but at least one other person on here seems to have had the misfortune to have had the upgrade forced upon them without accepting it, just like they tried to do to me!!! WHO DO THEY THINK THEY ARE??? – GIVING YOU WINDOWS 10 WITHOUT YOU AGREEING TO IT AND AS YOU POINT OUT, USING EVERYONE’S PCS TO GIVE THE FREE UPGRADE TO EVERYONE ELSE!!!
Windows 10 update configuration settings –
* choose how updates are delivered, (updates from more than one place)
Simply answer to stop Microsoft using your own PC as a torrent server to push windows 10 onto other computers using the same home shared network, etc. , simply turn the updates app off if it is already on.
………..instead of ringing the DWP and being ignored deliberately on 45p hotlines, why not cut out the middleman and ring the funeral directors directly.
Ten weeks have now passed since Black Triangle laid allegations before POLICE SCOTLAND about the murderous campaign of the Tory shitheads against welfare claimants.
POLICE SCOTLAND have been instructed to ignore the allegations which have been backed with structural evidence showing an act of Eugenics it taking place on Cameron’s orders……………….
Issuing bright yellow uniforms would be befitting to POLICE SCOTLAND who stand by and watch the government pick off the most vulnerable in society…………..
POLICE SCOTLAND, AS STRONG AS THE WEAKEST LINK AND UP TO IT’S NECK IN A BOWL OF CUSTARD…………
No doubt I suspect that a lot of these ‘charities’ were also involved in the ‘slave labour’ workfare programmes. I’m glad that it rained heavily on the ‘royal couple’ – shame it didn’t drown them both.
Hopefully, these two royal scroungers will not be ‘reigning over us’ for very much longer!
http://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2016/jun/12/guests-shrug-off-rain-queen-praises-charities-patrons-lunch-mall
Buck House could make many lovely homes – and also be used as a centre for artists and artisans and the grounds could grow food. What a (literal) waste of space.
“Europe’s nations should be guided towards the super-state without their people understanding what is happening. This can be accomplished by successive steps each disguised as having an economic purpose, but which will eventually and irreversibly lead to federation”
– Jean Monnet (Godfather of the EU).
The following quote is often attributed to Jean Monnet; in fact it is a paraphrase of a characterization of Monnet’s intentions by British Conservative Adrian Hilton:
“Europe’s nations should be guided towards a super state without their people understanding what is happening. This can be accomplished by successive steps each disguised as having an economic purpose, but which will eventually and irreversibly lead to federation.”[5]
Monnet is reported to have expressed somewhat similar sentiments, but without the notion of intentional deception, saying “Via money Europe could become political in five years” and “… the current communities should be completed by a Finance Common Market which would lead us to European economic unity. Only then would … the mutual commitments make it fairly easy to produce the political union which is the goal.”[6]
http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Jean_Monnet
wessexsolidarity | June 13, 2016 at 1:10 pm | Reply
truth teller,
as I have said before we are both singing from the same hymn sheet.
my post was about the eu referendum. however as you have quite rightly pointed out in your post a brexit would mean Cameron would have a green light to reign down the most vicious and evil assault on our society. when we leave the eu there are only 2 pieces of legislation which has actually protected the ordinary British people which I will be sad to see go.
the first is workers rights, paid maternity leave and the working hour directive ect.
but the one I am really concerned about loosing is THE EUROPEAN BILL OF HUMAN RIGHTS.
without this protection Britain will indeed without a shadow of a doubt become a POLICE STATE.
as we all know the police can do what they want to who they want when ever they want without any repercussions what so ever.
the police are accountable to NO ONE!!!!!!!!!.
THE IPCC ARE A FUCKING FARCE,
the ipcc is not independent of the police at all.. FACT!!!!!!!.
the ipcc use SERVING POLICE OFFICERS as investigators into complaints made against the police, so its a matter of THE POLICE INVESTIGATING THEM SELVES!!!!!!!!!!! FACT!.
so when we leave the eu we can all look out, the servants ( the police) of the state can then beat you up, tazer you, torture you and even murder you ( remember that poor innocent Brazilian guy on that London tube) an get away scott free. That more than anything scares the hell out of me!!!!
when we vote to leave there will be civil war in the tory party and civil war in parliament every rich tory worm will show his true colours then.
cameron will be finished either way in or out he,s finished he is already a dead man walking.
don’t forget only 25% of the British population voted torythe other 75% did not.so the tory fucks only got in with a quarter of the vote. how the fuck did they get anyway!!! BECAUSE THE TORIES CHANGED THE SYSTEM SO IT COULD HAPPEN!!.
so in or out Cameron and the tories are toast. a snap general election must then be called. but who are we going to elect instead of the tory fucks??.
LABOUR? those bunch of fuck whit’s who couldn’t solve a two piece jigsaw puzzle between them all.
corbin who up until 3 months ago wanted out of the eu, corby up until 3 months ago had nothing good to say about the eu now he says its a marvellous thing!!!.
the labour party are unorganised rabble , a bunch of lemmings who will say or do anything to further their own political path.
LABOUR did not vote against the bedroom tax, LABOUR did not vote against those evil malicious work assessment’s LABOUR did not vote against the benefit cuts .no those useless fucks simply abstained on everything the tories did!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!.
even now LABOUR have refused to reverse ANYTHINGA THAT THE TORIES HAVE DONE TO US.
no we need to form a new political party to form a new government a government run by the ordinary people of this country for the ordinary people . not rich fuckers running it for the benefit of rich fuckers.
once one country takes the lead and the people take back their country then the people of every other European country will do the same ( with the exception of Germany of course).
then there will be no more fucking austerity just for the poor!!.
no more we are all in it together bull shit.
fuck the euro its done nothing but destroy economies and countries and destroy peoples lives!!.
Germany’s grand vision of an eu super state run by German banks making billions in interest payments from bankrupt countries like Greece is in tatters!!.
merkle you ugly golum looking bint, your dream of ruling Europe is yet again falling apart, Germany will never rule Europe whether it be by force or financially.
democracy huh don’t make me laugh!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
ACAB | June 13, 2016 at 3:03 pm | Reply
The UK already is a POLICE STATE!!
Paddy Hill | June 13, 2016 at 3:15 pm | Reply
The bookies have REMAIN as a clear favorite at 4/9. LEAVE is the outsider at 7/4. Also you will get a whopping 10/1 on the Jocks and Paddys voting LEAVE (1/33 REMAIN). If you BET on LEAVE and we do VOTE LEAVE you would clean up.
William Power | June 13, 2016 at 3:17 pm | Reply
And it goes without saying that if you BET on LEAVE and we VOTE REMAIN you could lose your shirt 🙂
The Gambler | June 13, 2016 at 4:01 pm | Reply
It is still not a dead cert on the spread-betting: UK to Vote IN (EU Referendum) SELL 66.5 BUY 69.5 i.e. if you wagered a weeks JSA you could profit by £27.50 on a REMAIN vote or lose £69.50 on a LEAVE vote. It’s anyone’s guess how it will affect the £pound 😉 , but the £pound did rally strongly when the Jocks voted NO 😉
Bruce's Bonus | June 14, 2016 at 9:21 am | Reply
SELL: 59.2 BUY: 62.2 – LEAVE have made some ground since yesterday. All to play for. Nothing for a pair… not in this game 🙂
TruthTeller | June 13, 2016 at 3:38 pm | Reply
The problem with your attack on the Labour party is that in all seriousness we have not had a real labour party since the Thatcher era. The New Labour project was a disaster and brought the Labour party so far to the right it was difficult to tell them apart from the Tories. Labour need to adopt socialism again and reject capitalism. Capitalism is like a rabid dog you can’t cure it only put it down. Labour also need to ditch the political correctness crap and concentrate on the only thing that really counts making the lives of ordinary working people tolerable once more as they did before they sold out.
WE DON’T HAVE A GOVERNMENT.
Labour versus Tory is a sham performance to deceive the people into believing that THEY – the people – have a voice in their government.
The real truth is that both parties are owned by the same Globalist/Elitist/illuminati/ gang, it’s a massive con.
The politicians chosen to be part of the “in group ” the ones who are willing to sell their country down the river for greed – are totally fucking beholden to their rich masters.
The real truth is that both parties are owned by the same Globalist/Elitist gang, it’s a massive con – this dump has never been a democracy.
The politicians chosen to be part of the “in group” the ones that are willing to sell their country down the river for greed – are totally beholden to their rich backers.
Marie – very well said and you have definitely summed up what is happening in Britain today 🙂
Summed it up, Marie. Democracy? Hahahahaha…..PLUTOCRACY..
Yeah – ruled by rich SCUM 😞
Deborah | June 13, 2016 at 10:58 pm | Reply
More like a PATHOCRACY, a nation run by a minority who are psychopaths!
I like it Debz. Have a song.
jeff – Really good post my friend – you tell it as it really is!
Fellow JCP Sufferer/Customer | June 13, 2016 at 7:08 pm | Reply
Does anyone think they can stop us leaving eu? 😦
Look after your ‘jobs’. Even if you are in a ‘zero hours’ one – whether ‘LEAVE’ or ‘IN’ – hopefully it may be better than having to live on £73.10p per week of JSA (an amount which is a fucking disgrace in the ‘5th biggest economy in the world’ – don’t worry though, the queen and her family will not ‘starve’ or ever have to worry about their ‘heating bills’).
http://www.theguardian.com/money/2016/jun/13/england-wales-zero-hours-contracts-citizens-advice-insecure-work
Beanz | June 13, 2016 at 11:32 pm | Reply
JSA is a ‘beanz and toast’ diet. It is as bad as being a student. The only think you can barely afford is beanz and fucking toast.
Harry Cot and the Beanz | June 14, 2016 at 2:00 pm | Reply
Beanz and Toast. Every. Fucking. Day.
Michael Gove has no worries at all if he ‘loses his place in the Cabinet’!
Fuck him – on the 24th June he may have to sign on at his nearest JobCentreMinus – but, because of ‘the people that he knows’ – I very much doubt that he will ever have to do that.
http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/eu-referendum-michael-gove-says-i-don-t-mind-if-my-cabinet-career-is-over-a7079226.html
The sage | June 14, 2016 at 10:00 am | Reply
Of course he does not care if the remain camp loses, he can then sit in a made up job especially tailored……………..In the EU house of ill repute in Brussels.
He an`t daft…far from it.
Sorry-That should say “Leave Camp”
However IDS is another so called politician with no department to call his own, if we remain he will be another, that will have a job for life in Brussels.
He will be very neatly tucked away, protected by the EU from the shite he has caused in this country.
There are to many dead bodies under floorboards for this country to vote leave.
M Portiloo | June 14, 2016 at 1:58 pm | Reply
Politicians joining the dole queue after leaving office is unheard of; they always get shoe-horned into a cushy number, even the unceremoniously dumped Esther McVey is doing ‘Great Train Journeys’ or something or other.
M Portillo | June 14, 2016 at 1:55 pm | Reply
Politicians joining the dole queue after leaving office is unheard off; they always get shoe-horned into a cushy number, even the unceremoniously dumped Esther McVey is doing ‘Great Train Journeys’ or something or other.
Vlad | June 16, 2016 at 9:03 am | Reply
Well just back from Belgium and Belgian security seems very very lax. And Schengen has allowed the daftie islamists (who are nothing to do with islam apparently 😉 ) to move freely. One this the Brussels atrocity will do is make Brexit happen. What a pity innocents had to lose their lives though.
Muslims complain when monitored, then complain about lack of monitoring when their kids go to join daesh. They complain folk are suspicious of muslims. Wonder why that is eh?
Europe is in a mess. Our political elites have rolled over in dhimminitude and sold the citizens out. More atrocities will happen. They have to. This is now heading to a final conflict between islam and the rest of the world. One good thing though is that if the world loses it’s battle against islam then our liberal elites will soon be on youtube being relieved of their heads. Literally.
What exactly we are not being told though must be very scary indeed. But the will does not seem to be there to do anything.
Still sympathies to the ordinary folk in brussels who were sacrificed at the intolerant illiberal liberal elites alter.
Word of the Day | June 16, 2016 at 9:26 am | Reply
Word of the Day: Dhimmitude
Dhimmitude is the Muslim system of controlling non-muslim populations conquered through jihad. Specifically, it is the TAXING of non-muslims in exchange for tolerating their presence AND as a coercive means of converting conquered remnants to islam.Word of the Day: Dhimmitude
Dhimmitude is the Muslim system of controlling non-muslim populations conquered through jihad. Specifically, it is the TAXING of non-muslims in exchange for tolerating their presence AND as a coercive means of converting conquered remnants to islam.
WTF | June 16, 2016 at 9:29 am | Reply
The ObamaCare bill is the establishment of Dhimmitude and Sharia muslim diktat in the United States . Muslims are specifically exempted from the government mandate to purchase insurance, and also from the penalty tax for being uninsured. Islam considers insurance to be “gambling”, “risk-taking” and “usury” and is thus banned. Muslims are specifically granted exemption based on this.
How convenient. So I John Smith, as a Christian, will have crippling IRS liens placed against all of my assets, including real estate, cattle, and even accounts receivables, and will face hard prison time because I refuse to buy insurance or pay the penalty tax. Meanwhile, Louis Farrakhan will have no such penalty and will have 100% of his health needs paid for by the de facto government insurance. Non-muslims will be paying a tax to subsidize muslims. Period. This is Dhimmitude.
Dhimmitude serves two purposes: it enriches the muslim masters AND serves to drive conversions to islam. In this case, the incentive to convert to islam will be taken up by those in the inner-cities as well as the godless Generation X, Y and Z types who have no moral anchor. If you don’t believe in Christ to begin with, it is no problem whatsoever to sell Him for 30 pieces of silver. “Sure, I’ll be a muslim if it means free health insurance and no taxes. Where do I sign, bro?”
By extension this would mean that Muslims are exempt from motor insurance? Do Christians get their car towed away to be crushed and 6 penalty points whilst Muslims are wished a good-day?
“Sure, I’ll be a muslim if it means free health insurance, no motor insurance and no taxes. Where do I sign, bro?” 😀
Well just back from Belgium and Belgian security seems very very lax. And Schengen has allowed the daftie islamists (who are nothing to do with islam apparently😉 ) to move freely. One thing the Brussels atrocity will do is make Brexit happen. What a pity innocents had to lose their lives though.
“DWP CONTINUE TO TRY AND WITHHOLD NAMES OF PLACEMENT PROVIDERS FOR MANDATORY WORK ACTIVITY (MODERN DAY SLAVERY)”
Frank Zola left an annotation (13 June 2016)
Possible outcomes of today’s Court of Appeal hearing:
Case is sent back/remitted to first tier tribunal, due to an error in law
DWP’s appeal rejected, requiring DWP to comply with Upper Tribunal and disclose names of workfare hosts.
https://www.whatdotheyknow.com/request/successful_bidders#comment-69742
DWP…. They are all mouth and no trousers as usual. I can name one placement provider in hoc with DWP – Seetec. By the way I’m laughing at them as they are only open two days a week since the gravy train (JCP payments) fell off the tracks.
“DWP GO DUMB WHEN QUESTIONED ABOUT ROGUE CAPITA PARAMEDIC EXPOSED ON CHANNEL 4’S DISPATCHES PROGRAMME”
From: Thelma Jennings
The recently broadcast Dispatches Investigation aired on channel 4, showed video with synced audio of a Health Professional named by channel 4’s Dispatches programme as Alan, who stated that he sometimes carried out large parts of the face to face medical assessments before the appointment and also saying he once completed one on a one-legged man before he even met him. Alan no longer works for Capita because they were appalled by his disrespectful comments and actions.
1. Please tell me how many Medical Assessments did this Health Professional named as Alan by Channel 4’s Dispatches programme, carry out during his time with Capitia on behalf of the DWP?
2. Of all the Medical Assessments this Health Professional named as Alan by Channel 4’s Dispatches programme, carried out during his time with Capitia on behalf of the DWP how many of them have now been looked at again in light of what he said to the undercover reporter.
3. Are ALL the Medical Assessments carried out by the Health Professional named as Alan by Channel 4’s Dispatches programme, now to be looked at again afresh in light of what he said to the undercover reporter.
…………….STRANGE HOW THE DWP KEEPS AWAY IT’S FOOTBALL WHEN CAPITA CROOKS WRITING FAKE MEDICAL REPORTS ARE MADE PUBLIC
https://www.whatdotheyknow.com/request/channel_4_dispatches_investigati#outgoing-551347
“FUCK UPS BY DWP STAFF RECATEGORISED AS CLAIMANT FRAUD IN ORDER TO ESCALATE PROPAGANDA”
https://www.whatdotheyknow.com/request/recategorisation_of_claimants_er#incoming-824157
“FUCK THE QUEEN AND FUCK HER ‘GLORIOUS’ FAMILY”
“HM The Queen is Patron of over 600 British & Commonwealth charities and organisations. See the full list here: HM The Queens Charities and Patronages”
(Although they say that there is a link to this, I cannot see the ‘full list’ anywhere on there, just loads of ‘royals’ and what they are up to and their latest ‘photos’ – including Charles and Camilla Parker Bowles (the equally hated Duke & Duchess of Cornwall!) – although, admittedly, there is a lot of information – so I may just have missed it!)
Mind you – all of the ‘royals’, both old and new are most probably ‘registered charities’ in their very own right – no more taxes! – Just ‘expenses incurred! No more tax to pay – for ever! The fucking bastards!
http://www.jubileeyacht.org.uk/charities/
(So says a true Cornishman – with his own family, now living and working in Herefordshire!)
At ‘minimum wage’ – with working tax credits.
Fuck the queen and her ‘glorious victorian family’ – those fucking bastards – not having to get up at silly o’clock and having to have to do a full days work, or having to worry about having to pay bills, or having to pay for food, or having to pay for heating. Fuck all of you ROYAL cunts – damn you all to hell you fuckers – YOU DO NOT HAVE TO WORK AT ALL
I’m having to get up at silly o’clock each weekday morning and working my a93e off stacking cut timber planks for up to 9 hours a day. I haven’t been paid ANY wages as yet since I started last Monday, not knowing until Friday if I will be weekly or monthly wage arrears.
Those royals are so f8cking lazy and cushy getting loads of money for sitting on their fat asses, cutting ribbons, doing handshakes and hosting lavish parties for presidents of corrupt countries. I don’t know if being on JSA or working my ass off is any different. I just hope I get really good wages that’s all. I f9cking deserve them.
Karen | June 15, 2016 at 6:31 am | Reply
Was wondering that too! Will Fen Tiger ever get paid. If you are working you are never quite sure if you are going to get paid. Unless you are working for the DWP 🙂 At least with being on benefits, but sadly not these days, you used to think at least I will get paid, the rent will be getting paid. Moving to ’employment’ especially with all these dodgy agencies, and even so-called employers is a BIG RISK, in fact it is probably the BIGGEST RISK of coming off the dole: the worry of “Will I get paid?” In fact, it is probably the biggest reasons why people are reluctant to leave and ‘prefer’ to stay on benefits. Personally, it has happened to me a lot of times and I personally know of many others who it has happened. Being fobbed off constantly with excuses such as “Your money will be in the bank by Christmas” but they don’t say which Christmas 😉 is not fun when you have got bills to pay and a landlord threatening you will eviction. You have to think long and hard before moving from benefits especially if you have responsibilities. I remember being told how my great grandfather had to take a shot-gun to a farmer in order to get paid. This was over in Canada during the Depression mind you. Incidentally, my great grandmother was in tears as she told about the poor orphans that the Salvation Army and I think Barnardos too were sending over to Canada to work on the farms as slave labour. She really, really hated the Salvation Army and always told them to fuck off any time they came near her shaking a can.
@ Karen
Yes, I will get paid proper money, but not as much as I’d like.. I’ll probably get sacked if I am cheeky and ask my manager for the same amount of money each week those lazy “royals” get out of our taxes for doing diddly squat.
I’m not with some dodgy recruitment agency whom all of which cream off a hidden percentage of their worker’s wages to pay for having them on the employment supply books – re: admin processing costs, etc.
Paul – you’re an ethnic minority, my friend.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-cornwall-27132035
dd – yes thanks for this and I am fully aware of it (Wales & Scotland too!)
Cornwall was indeed granted ‘minority’ status by the ‘Coalition’ – we also have (through the EU) been granted ‘pasty’ (amongst other!) status.
Real ‘Cornish’ pasties can only be ‘made’ in Cornwall – not in South Wales, Yorkshire or by ‘Greggs’ the bakers. If a ‘pasty’ is made elsewhere, other than Cornwall, than it cannot be called a ‘Cornish’ pasty! (only a ‘pasty!) The same goes for ‘Melton Mowbray’ pork pies, ‘Champagne’ from France and ‘Parma’ ham from Italy. All of them are ‘protected’ and if we should leave the EU – then all of the ‘British’ ones above will not be protected at all.
Ok, Mr Cornwall, but East Midlands got protected cheese as well as pork pies……so far 😉
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/expat/life/a-feast-of-british-foods-protected-by-eu-law/stilton-cheese/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/expat/life/a-feast-of-british-foods-protected-by-eu-law/stilton-cheese/
dd – yes and thank you. Cornwall is definitely not the only place to get ‘protected status’ on products! 🙂
MSG | June 14, 2016 at 1:47 pm | Reply
Is that why the ‘Cornish Pasty Company’ is no longer in business – you know, the one where George Osborne purportedly got his pies from until it was discovered he got them from Fortnam & Mason – think Greggs made their pies for them on an industrial estate in Manchester or someplace.
pies as in pasties 😉
http://www.theguardian.com/politics/video/2012/mar/28/george-osborne-greggs-pasty-video
MSG – As you say, the ‘West Cornwall Pasty Company’ went to the wall. They did their very best, but there was just too much competition from other companies such as W.C. Rowes, the Oggy Oggy Pasty Company, Warrens, Berrymans, Nial’s & also the very high quality pasty bakers, Philps at Hayle. Shame really – but only the very best, (that ultimately keep up the quality!!) – actually survive!)
Definitely not ‘Ginsters’ though – “The taste of Cornwall” – not a true ‘Cornish Pasty’ – if any of you have the chance to try any of their pasty ‘fare’ do not bother – their ‘pasties’ are crap and rubbish – a pastry ‘turn over’ with a minimum of crimping and a load of ‘mushed up meat and vegetables’.
Their’s is definitely NOT a true ‘Cornish Pasty’.
Sandra Noble
I feel offended by it all, 1 billion pound has been spent on her birthday while people in this country are starving and homeless. And they gave her a ‘country estate’ from ‘ the people’ without even asking ‘the people’ has all these cuts just been to fund her birthday?? What about all of the other 90 year old that have worked a dam sight harder than the queen for this country what did they get??.
LOL! Hahahahahaha! I thought the same thing when i saw Eddie with those! Where’d he get them from?
Wills and Harry | June 16, 2016 at 12:14 pm | Reply
Eddie didn’t even get past the the first hurdle of his Royal Marines training lol 😀
Eddie: Failed, failed, failed! Big fucking FAIL! He must have picked these ‘medals’ up in a car-boot sale or something 😀
“GET RID OF THE INBREDS, ONCE AND FOR ALL”
Republicans to call for monarchy referendum when Queen dies
Britain’s republican movement has revealed it plans to mount a campaign for a referendum on the future of the monarchy when the Queen dies.
Republic has been nervous of appearing callous over the Queen’s mortality, because it sees the popularity of the Queen as crucial to public support for the institution.
But on the eve of the Queen’s 90th birthday, Republic’s chief executive, Graham Smith, suggested that, when it happens, the Queen’s death will mark a turning point in public attitudes.
“The Queen’s birthday reminds us that support for the monarchy is bound up with support for the Queen,” he said.
In a statement to mark the royal birthday, he added: “In a hereditary monarchy the Queen’s age becomes a political issue. Long before the Queen dies the country will need to debate what happens next.”
https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2016/apr/20/republicans-to-call-for-monarchy-referendum-when-queen-dies
Geoff – exactly so. The fiasco that has been ‘the queen’s 90th birthday’ has been a total travesty. This has been a ‘look back’ to a ‘bygone age’ of Victorian pomp and circumstance, in the name of the population of 2016 Britain. It bears little resemblance, even to the Victorian age (excepting a very small percentage of the population of Britain that worships her) where they would come out to adore her in the ‘hundreds of thousands’. I would say that apart from BBC & Sky News,The Sun & Daily Mail readers & those in The Mall celebrating on the day, then few, apart from the ‘adoring’ villages in more rural areas and The Cotswolds villages, – would have celebrated her 90th!
The historian, Starkey (whom, strangely I admire for his intelligence and knowledge with regard to history) no doubt would be all over her and her family – but, in all reality nowadays, the likes of such as us want rid of her and her scrounging taxpayer-fed family. We want better – and we want rid off all of the cunts – as soon as possible. If a Republic – so be it – it cannot be any worse than them – taking all of our money and living off of all of us.
Tu Fote | June 14, 2016 at 7:23 am | Reply
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Tee Nant | June 14, 2016 at 12:52 pm | Reply
Social housing is a goldmine for greedy contractors. Lining their pockets constantly doing unnecessary work over and over again. All deals done on the golf course with scummy ‘housing associations’. There is always a way you can screw money out of the poor. No wonder their fucking rents are so high! Must be all those fucking drill bits!
Universal Job Board | June 15, 2016 at 9:58 am | Reply
DIY Job Boards 🙂
“We then pay you a revenue on a pay for performance basis as your job seekers review or apply for jobs.” 😀
Have I missed something here? Job websites get paid per each successful job application made by their job seeking clients? The DWP are missing a nice little earner to pay for the upkeep of their own rotten site, if which failed me completely.
Job Boards RU | June 16, 2016 at 12:20 pm | Reply
Everyone should have their very own ‘job board’ and spam the fuck out of that universal jobmatch shite 😀
sian | June 15, 2016 at 12:25 pm | Reply
That’s a very good PIGture 🐷
He’s prob got a curly dick like a pig!
Marie, you’re SOW naughty 😀
And you’re a bad influence on Deborah 😉
Homo-bama?? What is that supposed to mean? Please explain.
I didn’t write it, smoloko wrote it!
Cratelegz | June 15, 2016 at 7:59 pm | Reply
A homo that eats bananas
Cratelegs | June 15, 2016 at 6:52 pm | Reply
British security company G4S confirms that Florida shooter is one of their own
Clare Sambrook 13 June 2016
• Omar Mateen, who killed 50 people in gay nightclub, was employed as armed guard by G4S.
• G4S guards have killed before.
• Company sells its expertise in vetting staff.
The international security company G4S has confirmed that Omar Mateen, who slaughtered 50 people in the Pulse LGBT nightclub, was one of their employees.
“We are deeply shocked by this tragic event,” said the company’s North America CEO John Kenning. “We can confirm that Omar Mateen had been employed by G4S since September 10th, 2007. Mateen was off-duty at the time of the incident. He was employed at a gated retirement community in South Florida.
“Mateen underwent company screening and background checks when he was recruited in 2007 and the check revealed nothing of concern. His screening was repeated in 2013 with no findings.
“We are cooperating fully with all law enforcement authorities, including the FBI, as they conduct their investigations. In 2013, we learned that Mateen had been questioned by the FBI but that the enquiries were subsequently closed. We were not made aware of any alleged connections between Mateen and terrorist activities, and were unaware of any further FBI investigations.
“Our thoughts and prayers remain with the victims of this unspeakable tragedy, and their friends and families.”
I smell another false flag Geoff….
Mental Health Nurse | June 16, 2016 at 9:53 am | Reply
One of the first symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease (senile dementia) is forgetfulness. Does it never occur to anyone that a lot of benefit claimants are being sanctioned when they are actually in the first stages of Alzheimer’s disease? Forgot appointment? Sanction! Forgot job diary? Sanction! Forgot to log onto Universal Jobmatch? Sanction! People suffering from Alzheimer’s forget because they genuinely forget. And often, at least initially, it is the only symptom. But by reading these blogs, there appears to be no excuse for forgetfulness according to the DWP. Benefit claimants in the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease must be getting sanctioned to death – literally! Why is this never mentioned or discussed?
Mental Health Nurse | June 16, 2016 at 10:00 am | Reply
Incidentally, Alzheimer’s disease can occur very early on, well within the range of when people are claiming ‘out-of-work’ benefits. It is just very strange that it is never mentioned or discussed, not even on these blogs as a possible cause as to why a claimant forgot to attend a jobcentre appointment etc. It is always worth mentioning that stress can also cause forgetfulness too. But is seems that there is no leeway as far the as DWP is concerned.
“THE NOOSE IS TIGHTENING, CAMERON”
The government are facing accusations of possible human rights violations as they are grilled by a United Nations committee this week – and Coronation Street star Cherylee Houston tells The Canary “people are dying” because of Tory policies.
On Wednesday and Thursday in Geneva, the UN Human Rights committee on economic, social and cultural affairs will be publicly reporting on its conclusions after more than two years of evidence gathering. A report has been submitted from the UK government and a representative invited, but it is unclear whether one will be in attendance.
The concerns of the UN relate to the state of the nation up to 2014, and are overarching: the blacklisting of trade union workers; the inadequacy of measures to prevent forced marriage and FGM; protection of asylum seekers; modern slavery; homelessness and tackling the gender pay gap are just some listed.
But the biggest area of criticism has centred around austerity and the Welfare Reform Act (2012). Specifically its impact on “disadvantaged and marginalised individuals and groups” in society.
Most notably the disabled.
Speaking exclusively to The Canary, actress Cherylee Houston who plays the character Izzy Armstrong in Coronation Street, and is a staunch campaigner for disability rights, told us:
I really hope the UN find that the Government have breached the rights of disabled people – I don’t understand how they cannot. This Government has systematically stripped disabled people of the independence that generations have fought for. Disabled people in certain postcodes have no care outside of their homes – for help with such basics as food shopping and [at home] tidying and clothes washing.
The UN has asked the government to report on several key areas. One area states:
Please provide concrete information on how current housing policies and welfare reform are contributing to addressing the housing deficit in the [UK]. Please provide statistical information on the supply of social and affordable housing, especially for the most disadvantaged and marginalized individuals and groups, including middle- and low income individuals and households, young people and persons with disabilities.
As of April 2015, 1.2 million households (not people – households) were languishing on social housing waiting lists. At the same time, tenant evictions rocketed to 42,728 households – 53% higher than in 2010. Campbell Robb, the chief executive of housing charity Shelter, said the figures were:
clear proof of the devastating impact that welfare cuts and the chronic shortage of affordable homes are having on hundreds of [tenants] every day […] short-sighted welfare cuts are only making things tougher.
One such “short-sighted” welfare cut is the bedroom tax – and it has hit disabled people the hardest. 63% of households who have been penalised by the “Spare Room Subsidy” have someone classed as disabled living in them. Furthermore, in April 2013 the government slashed £500 million from means-tested council tax funding and told local authorities to basically “sort it”. This meant 670,000 of the most vulnerable households faced a rise in their bill of £120 – and this, again, hit the disabled and their carers the hardest.
The UN also asked the government to comment on:
how they have improved access to work opportunities among the most disadvantaged and marginalized individuals and groups, including persons with disabilities
“Remploy” factories were set up to provide employment for people living with disabilities. But the government closed the last of them in 2013. Of the 1,500 employees made redundant half were still unemployed as of 2015.
Another area of concern expressed by the UN is the poverty rate in the UK, especially amongst the most vulnerable. Figures show that 19% of households that include a disabled person live in relative income poverty (below 60% of median income), compared to 14% of households without a disabled person. Furthermore, 40% of disabled children in the UK live in poverty even though the annual cost of bringing up a disabled child is three times greater than that of bringing up a non-disabled child.
But the most damning aspect of the UN’s analysis was surrounding austerity. The committee requested evidence to show:
that austerity measures introduced through the Welfare Reform Act of 2012 do not disproportionately affect […] economic, social and cultural rights, in particular disadvantaged and marginalized individuals and groups [and how the government] will ensure a minimum amount of social assistance benefits that provides an adequate standard of living for the system’s beneficiaries and their families.
Joint research by the London School of Economics and the Universities of Manchester and York showed that spending on social care for vulnerable adults had been slashed by a third and that the poorest twentieth of the population lost an average of nearly three percent of their incomes over the period – while individuals in the top half were actually better off. Some might say a “class war” is being waged in the UK.
International bodies such as the IMF have repeatedly criticised the government’s austerity measures. However, this has seemingly fallen on deaf (or uncaring) ears.
The abolition of the Independent Living Fund (ILF) in 2015 has exacerbated this situation. Nearly 18,000 of people with high-support needs were stripped of around £300 per week. This is despite the DWP’s own research saying it’s “almost certain that closure of the ILF will mean that the majority of users will face changes to the way their support is delivered, including the real possibility of a reduction to the funding they currently receive [and] the loss of a carer or personal assistant”
As Cherylee told us:
People have gone from 24hr care to 10 hours a week. People are being washed, dressed, fed ready meals, made to wear incontinence pads when they are not incontinent and put to bed at a prescribed time by their local councils.
When the government closed the ILF, they said that the solution would be increased social care. What they forgot to mention was that they had already stripped over £3.5 billion from these budgets. Services were already at breaking point, and are now nearly broken with local authorities are struggling to cope. Furthermore, the forthcoming cuts to Employment and Support Allowance (ESA) of £30 a week for new applicants will add even more pressure to the most vulnerable in society.
Cherylee asserted that:
People are dying as a result. Where is our right to independence, education, to work, to contribute to the society around us? The system that was set up to protect us, to enable us to live our lives’ to their full potential; now our disabled children will never live independently, they’re building Super Care Homes. It’s terrifying. We only escaped the institutions in the 80’s, we are 20% of the population.
The UN committee will report on its findings on the 24 June. Cherylee concluded with a sentiment so many must feel:
Please, please the UN – find them culpable, give us our rights back as human beings.
A second investigation is being conducted by the UN. The first of it’s kind in the world, the investigation is for possible “grave or systemic” breaches of the rights of disabled people by the UK government. The fact that the country with the fifth largest economy in the world is subject to this is staggering.
Speaking to The Canary, Disabled People Against Cuts (DPAC) said:
At the same time as the UN Disability Committee are carrying out an unprecedented investigation into the UK’s violations of disabled people’s human rights it is doubly shocking that yet another UN committee are also investigating them for further violations of rights of the vulnerable.
On 2 May 2010, David Cameron said on The Andrew Marr Show that:
The test of a good society is you look after the elderly, the frail, the vulnerable, the poorest in our society. And that test is even more important in difficult times, when difficult decisions have to be taken, than it is in better times.
How’s that test going, Mr Cameron?
Because judging by the criticisms and concerns from the UN, you have been failing.
Miserably.
…………….AND IF ANY MEMBER OF THE UN COUNCIL WISHES TO QUESTION ME ON UK BREACHES OF THE HUMAN RIGHTS ACT, I AM FREELY AVAILABLE……..
FOR FOUR YEARS I HAVE BEEN MADE TO EXIST ON JUST £33.60P A WEEK, A TOTAL OF JUST £1747.20P PER YEAR. NOTHING ELSE.
I HAD A LIFETIME DISABILITY AWARD TAKEN FROM ME BY A FICTITIOUS ATOS MEDICAL REPORT CONSTRUCTED BY EMMA BRODRICK.
http://www.alzheimersresearchuk.org/about-dementia/types-of-dementia/alzheimers-disease/early-onset-alzheimers/
Mental Health Nurse has made a valid point.
Old Dotty | June 16, 2016 at 1:45 pm | Reply
Exactly! And add to the mix that Jobcentre try and confuse claimants DELIBERATELY; changing signing on day/time constantly, throwing in random appointments…
A system designed to cause stress and failure. DWP – Distress Will Prevail.
I can now tell the JCP to go and get st6ffed and there is nothing they can do.
You are now ‘off-flow’, Fen – which is what they like. Makes you sound like a sewage pipe, but their aim is to off-flow claimants by any means possible hence sanctions and work programmes. Luckily you had the gumption to find a job that suits for the present.
https://www.change.org/p/the-rt-hon-stephen-crabb-stop-hmrc-taking-tax-credits-away-from-the-self-employed
HMRC have started targeting the self-employed with the intention of stopping their Working Tax Credits and demanding repayment of Tax Credits already paid, for previous years.
They are sending out questionnaires wich require the recipient to provide detailed information and evidence to prove the actual hours worked in expectation of payment as opposed to hours worked per week to run the business. Only the hours worked which will actually result in direct income from that work will be counted as working hours.
They require you to prove every area of your business activity enabling them to then calculate your income, divided by the hours worked to produce that income. If it falls beneath the National Working Wage of £7.20 per hour worked for payment, they will stop your Tax Credits.
Jobcentre Minus has still not closed/deleted my old universal jobmatch account now that I am back in work and have closed my old JSA claim. Would I need to seek legal advice against them now for breaching my lawful right to privacy under un-warranted state intrusion?
A: They make money on accounts.
B: Your details are forever enshrined for big brother.
Welcome to the Hotel California.
Soothsayer | June 17, 2016 at 8:45 pm | Reply
Online job-searching is basically your time being stolen from you can converted into £money£ for someone else. Time DOES = Money. YOUR TIME = MONEY to someone else 😀
And the same with other shit such as online ‘dating’, social media, etc. All shit to convert your time into money for someone else.
I came home from work today and was confronted with the terrible news that Jo Cox, – one of Labour’s newest MP’s – a new and rising star – had been murdered, twice shot and twice stabbed in cold blood, out of the blue, by a man, (presumably by a deranged madman) in her very own Constituency in Leeds, West Yorkshire.
Obviously this criminal investigation is still ongoing and I cannot comment any further. All that I can say is that this is an absolute tragedy, mostly to her family and her two very young daughters. What a dreadful thing to happen to anyone.
I and my wife both remember seeing Jo Cox on recordings of PMQ’s – both of us were in tears tonight when we saw this tragic news (BBC 6PM News) – shame on the criminal that carried out this outrageous act – if anyone should have suffered this – then it should have been IDS – she did not deserve this – but the bastard that is IDS definitely does.
George Alagiah was pretty peeved off that this death – the BBC don’t like to use the word ‘murder’ – meant that England’s 2-1 Euro win against Wales was dropped to second in the running order.
I am afraid that the politics of hate is still very much with us at this time!
Nigel Farage – His ‘Little England’ ideas will indeed get him far – NOT!
Nigel Farage – This self-styled, hyprocritical pimp. He did not attend at least 43 times for ‘debates’ at the European Parliament – (he was an MEP for fucks sake!), but HE still took all of the money that the EU ‘awarded’ him!
Nigel Farage – A downgraded version of a Tory politician – dressed in a downgraded tweed suit of Cameron – a City Pimp Extraordinairre – telling Britain that they need ‘HIM’ and his ‘UKIP’ party.
If the ‘immigrants’ were now refused entry, or ‘kicked out’ our NHS would be in extreme trouble – our ‘care sector’ would be in trouble – the ‘jobs’ that British people either do not want to do or are ‘forced’ to do would be in real trouble – there would be no ’employees’ willing to do these ‘jobs’.
I need Nigel Farage as much as I need two, (instead if one!) arseholes.
FUCK OFF FARAGE – FUCK OFF CAMERON – FUCK OFF OSBORNE – FUCK OFF IDS, FUCK OFF GRAYLING, FUCK OFF PRITI PATEL & LASTLY – FUCK OFF (MICHAEL GOVE) – your father did not lose his ‘fishing business’ because of the EU – he lost his business as he ‘voluntarily gave it up!)
Britain really needs none of any of you self-proclaimed arseholes!
http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/nigel-farage-brexit-poster-vans-eu-referendum-london-remain-breaking-point-a7085396.html
And that also includes the ex-London Mayor and ‘hopeful’ Prime Minister Boris Johnson – the straw-haired and congenial, humorous and bumptious prat who knows all and absolute everything about little – the likes of him has never ever been so!
Job Seeker | June 16, 2016 at 10:12 pm | Reply
Check out these outrageous application form questions (these are from O2)
Did any of your parent(s) or guardian(s) complete a university degree course or equivalent (eg. BA, BSc or higher)? *
What type of school did you mainly attend between the ages of 11 and 16? *
Up to the age of 16 did your family ever receive free school meals? *
Up to the age of 16 did your family ever receive any other social security benefits? *
Is this even legal?
The options for the schools question are state-run or state-funded school (Non-selective e.g. comprehensive); state-run or state-funded school (Selective on academic, faith or other grounds); independent or fee-paying school; outside of the UK
Absolutely fucking ridiculous.
35 Hours A Week Jobsearcher | June 17, 2016 at 7:09 am | Reply
Another trend is sites that require you to log into your Facebook account to fill in your application details! WTF!? What if you don’t have a Facebook account?!
‘Web-cam interviews’ are another growing trend. 3 (the mobile company) use this method.
It is non an actual interview. You were given five questions, given thirty seconds to prepare a response and 90 seconds to record it. For 3 three the questions were:
Why do you want to work for Three? And what about longer term aspirations?
Tell me about the best team you have been a part of. What role did you play? Why was it great?
At the start of the interview we showed a video of ‘What it’s like to be Three’ please tell us why you are right for a position with us?
Our customers expect the very best service – what do you think are the key things you should do when speaking to a customer who may not be happy with the service they are getting from 3?
Please tell us about the best customer experience you have either given or received, what made it great?
And don’t know why they had a fact guy with a speed impediment doing the “show me how” video: “bwightly lit room”, “Thwee” lol And a Scotch girl with a rough accent to asking the questions!
The reason “Thwee” give is that it “saves your hard-earned money”. It also means that they can see instantly what a candidate looks like, sounds like and how old they look which is their key criteria 😉 And bin you instantly if they don’t like the way you look, sound, age 😉
“STATE SPONSORED MURDER COVER UP”
Ministers ‘breach FoI laws’ by delaying release of fresh benefit deaths reviews
Ministers are delaying the release of nine secret reviews into the deaths of benefit claimants, even though civil servants apparently prepared them for release three weeks ago under freedom of information laws.
A response to a request to release redacted versions of the documents was completed by the Department for Work and Pensions (DWP) freedom of information team on 23 May, and just needed official clearance to be released.
But the documents – which are likely to be heavily-redacted versions of the nine reviews – have still not been released to Disability News Service (DNS), three weeks later, in an apparent breach of freedom of information laws.
The reviews cover the period from August 2014 to January 2016, and are likely to be similar in format to the 49 reviews that were released by DWP last month following a 21-month battle with DNS to keep them secret.
DWP is so far refusing to say how many of the nine secret reviews concern a claimant who took their own life.
The latest request was submitted on 15 April, but DNS has been told by DWP’s freedom of information team that a draft response was completed on 23 May – three weeks ago – but has still not been signed off so that it can be released.
A DWP spokeswoman apologised for the delay, but refused to explain why the response had not yet been released.
She said: “We always aim to respond to freedom of information requests within 20 working days – in fact nine out of ten responses are sent within that timescale.
“We will get a response to you in due course.”
Many of the 49 reviews released last month concerned the deaths of disabled people who had applied for the out-of-work disability benefit employment and support allowance (ESA), through the work capability assessment (WCA) process.
And many of the reviews – 40 of which refer to benefit claimants who took their own lives – concerned the reassessment of long-term claimants of incapacity benefit (IB).
Although key parts of the peer reviews were missing because they were so heavily redacted, DNS found 10 key recommendations for DWP to take national action to improve the way it treated vulnerable benefit claimants.
DNS is still waiting to hear from DWP if those 10 recommendations were ever carried out.
The nine peer reviews – now renamed internal process reviews – are likely to be scrutinised closely by disabled activists for further evidence of failings in the way DWP has dealt with benefit claimants labelled as “vulnerable”, many of whom are likely to be mental health service-users or have learning difficulties.
They could provide crucial evidence for calls – led by the Scottish-based grassroots group Black Triangle, and backed by many other disabled activists – for former work and pensions secretary Iain Duncan Smith to face a criminal investigation for misconduct in public office following his refusal to address a coroner’s concerns about the safety of the WCA in 2010.
They want to hold Duncan Smith and his former employment minister Chris Grayling to account for their failure to improve the safety of the WCA, when they were warned that it risked causing further deaths.
Last November, government-funded research concluded that the programme to reassess people claiming IB using the WCA could have caused 590 suicides in just three years.
Geoff – Hopefully, Police Scotland are still investigating the involvement of Iain George Duncan Smith and Chris Grayling in the event of their ‘negligence of duty’ to answer the calls of the Coroner with regard to ‘minimising the risk of death or suicide to future claimants’.
I seem to remember that this was reported to them around 23rd March 2016. It is now June, (hopefully, they have not forgotten about it!)
Also, the U.N. (on Wednesday & Thursday, 15th & 16th June) were supposed to be summoning Tory politicians to Geneva to answer the charges against the current U.K. Government with regard to the ‘Rights of Disabled People’. This should also not be forgotten – the Tories have committed unspeakable crimes against sick and disabled people in the UK since 2010 and afterwards.
Violet | June 17, 2016 at 9:24 am | Reply
The UN will do sod all to help us.
You’re bang on there. They will decide that the criminal UK state that inflicts horrific suffering on it’s own people has ‘no case to answer’. Then it will be conveniently kicked into the long grass and forgotten about. Plus all this ‘rights of disabled people’; i agree with all that. But what about the rights of ordinary people on JSA who have been shat on and exploited mercilessly by this government and past government’s including Liebour one’s? Do they not have any rights?
Reality Check | June 18, 2016 at 11:03 am | Reply
But the thing is that nobody gives a shit ” about the rights of ordinary people on JSA”, not even the disabled lobby who only seek to further and protect their own interests. The government could round up people on JSA and ship them off to a factory in Eastern Europe to be boiled down to glue and, bar some had-wringing from Poly Toynbee in the Guardian, nobody would give a shit. It is not like people on JSA can roll out some wheelchairs whenever they try and elicit some public sympathy unlike the disabled lobby.
“THERE IS A YOUNG LAD SUFFERING FROM A RARE LEUKAEMIA AND HIS PARENTS HAVE BEEN TOLD, NO MONEY AVAILABLE”……………….
MartinDean
Right lemmie get this straight. The government can afford to let Samantha Cameron hire a model at a stupid wage of £53,000/year to help her dress, yet when it comes to paying an extra £17,000 to help someone save his life its too much????!!!??? Seems like the government needs to get their priorities in order!!!!
……………SAD STATE OF AFFAIRS WHEN CIVIL SERVANTS HAVE BLASTED OVER A BILLION ON UNIVERSAL FUCK UP. THE NHS SQUANDERED OVER TWO BILLION ON A FAILED COMPUTER SYSTEM AND A YOUNG LAD IS TOLD HE MUST FACE THE PROSPECT OF DEATH FOR THE SAKE OF A LOUSY, SEVENTEEN AND A HALF GRAND……..
The sage | June 16, 2016 at 11:32 pm | Reply
“Call out the instigators because there`s something in the air”.
We have got to get it together now.
Victoria Derbyshire's Knickers | June 17, 2016 at 11:55 am | Reply
That MP whatever his name who managed to slip into Joanna Gosling’s knickers: “Every day we have have constituents who have been sanctioned, are facing destitution because their money has been stopped, are facing eviction because they have been left penniless by the DWP”. She was fucking fuming! Lucky he was appearing on screen or she would have done what she did with that other MP who she turned all school marm on, chiding him for saying something she disapproved of , then told him on no uncertain terms to leave her lol studio.
Missed a bit: “Every day we have have constituents come to see us who have been sanctioned, are facing destitution because their money has been stopped, are facing eviction because they have been left penniless by the DWP. We can’t turn these people away”
NO Austerity | June 17, 2016 at 12:06 pm | Reply
Very Disgusted with the State of the Country
Very Disgusted with the EU Inflicted Austerity on Greece
NO Austerity
“WAS THE MENTALLY UNSTABLE THOMAS MAIR GIVEN A PUSH BY THE DWP?”
He had mental problems but what really triggered his dormant thoughts to carry out the evil attack on MP Jo Cox.
I would bet my bottom dollar that the DWP had recently done something to his benefits that managed to push him over the edge.
Our media seem too quick to allege Mair’s connections to extremist factions.
The real reason may be deliberately withheld, given the trail of dead bodies attached to falsified medical reports at the behest of the DWP……
………….was Jo Cox’s assassination orchestrated by our state security services to give a plaform to foreign leaders to help sway a referendum vote?
I would not be surprised in the least if this was the case. Money and greed have no boundaries when decisions threatening the financial industry are imminent.
Whatever the reason, the murder has caused a major distraction, which was timed to perfection……………
Tin Foil Hat | June 17, 2016 at 2:15 pm | Reply
(Relatively) young mother with two kids and all that. We can’t just can’t help ourselves from keeping on falling for the MSM narrative. You have to ask yourself? Cuo Bono? (Who benefits?) An who will ‘benefit’ from this? If you want to know the answer to a question… Follow the Money.
It is IMPERATIVE for the ‘financial industry’ that we stay in the EU. The big boys and girls with the ££s want us to STAY. The financial markets won’t be happy bunnies if we BREXIT. The ££ will tank. The effects of a BREXIT will be felt all over the Eurozone. A lot at stake!
‘They’, the ruthless fuckers will stop at nothing to get their way. Look what happened to JFK when he ‘mispoke’ and rattled the cages of the financial markets!
Flossie | June 17, 2016 at 4:25 pm | Reply
Interestingly, the markets have been ‘rebounding’ hot on the heels of the news of this assassination… er… death when previously they had been tanking having being “spooked over growing uncertainty that the UK may be heading to Brexit”
Geoff – I thought this too. The timing is perfection. Tin foil hattery or truth? Will we ever know?
“DR DAVID KELLY”
That invasion was supposed to lead to the discovery and disposal of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and make the world a safer place.
But as Blair was lapping up the grateful plaudits from the U.S. Congress on July 17, 2003, the man who had done more than almost any other individual on earth to contain the threat from WMD lay dead in the woods at Harrowdown Hill in Oxfordshire.
For Dr David Kelly, the UK’s leading weapons inspector, there was to be no adulation, no medal, no standing ovation.
His life ended in the cold, lonely wood where he was found the next morning, his left wrist cut open, and three nearly-empty blister packs of painkillers in his jacket pocket.
His death was, of course, sensational front-page news. Dr Kelly, unknown to almost everybody at the beginning of that July, had in recent days barely been absent from media headlines.
Much to his chagrin he had been thrust into the harsh glare of publicity, accused of being the mole who expressed to the BBC deep concerns about the Government’s “sexing up” of its dossier on weapons of mass destruction.
Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-488667/Why-I-know-weapons-expert-Dr-David-Kelly-murdered-MP-spent-year-investigating-death.html#ixzz4BqD6kkXb
What you saying GEOFF? That Dr David Kelly was MURDERED by the British STATE on the ORDERS of Tory Blur or some other unknown entie(s)?
Probably M16 or Mosside…
Mosside agents have been caught out on camera quite often carrying out ‘hits’. A hotel, a hospital….
………..DEMOCRACY IS BUT A MYTH.
YOUR FUTURE IS BEING ORGANISED BEHIND LOCKED DOORS BY THE WORLDS WEALTHY ELITE….
The Bilderberg Group has long been the subject of speculation. But what do we really know about the secretive international meetings between top politicians and bosses?
The location of the meetings is now public. Last year, the Danish capital of Cophenhagen was the venue of choice.
This year, the world’s elites will travel to the Interalpen-Hotel Tyrol in the Austrian Alps.
The group releases a list of attendees. From the UK this year George Osborne and Ed Balls are attending.
Other people going to the 2015 meet-up include José Barroso, the former EU Commission President, and executives from firms including Google, BP, Shell, and Deutsche Bank.
Flags-Greece-Reuters.jpgPrior to meetings the group releases broad subject areas for debate. This year, all we know is that they’ll be discussing “Artificial Intelligence, Cybersecurity, Chemical Weapons Threats, Current Economic Issues, European Strategy, Globalisation, Greece, Iran, Middle East, NATO, Russia, Terrorism, United Kingdom, USA, US Elections”.
A lot of these subjects hints are very broad-ranging. ‘United Kingdom’, for instance, could be a reference to the Brexit, the recent elections, or both.
We know they take security very seriously
Austrian Police officers check cars near the town of Telfs
The area around the meetings is put into complete lockdown. There is no need to rely on private security: national governments of host countries cooperate fully and provide police protection.
This year’s summit starts on Thursday but already a zone around the Interalpen-Hotel Tyro has been established by Austrian police with security checks on vehicles entering and exiting the area.
Arrests have been made at previous meetings, including of journalists trying to find out what is going on.
But… we’ll never know what was said
People who attend the events do not, as a rule, talk about the specifics of what was discussed. This includes politicians whose job is to represent their constituents.
There are no minutes taken of the meetings, and no reports are made of any conclusions reached. No votes are taken and no policies proscribed. Journalists trying to interview participants at meetings have previously been arrested.
The specifics of most international summits and meetings tend to be fairly opaque, but some public announcement is usually made as to conclusions reached.
Not so with the Bilderberg Group; the global establishment departs as quietly as it arrives.
Based off of this article it would seem that this group which has most of the wealth and power in the west are doing things that the majority wouldn’t agree with. What is also interesting is that it seems there are not African or China or Middle Eastern influence whatsoever. Because these meetings are not transparent, it leads me to believe that bad stuff is happening behind the scenes which the majority have no clue about. I see a problem as well with politicians and business leaders meeting with each other, by that action one would deduce that there is significant collusion happening behind the scenes. Overall, this is very disturbing to me, and why people are not asking questions and getting answers are beyond me.
The City of London is the only part of Britain over which parliament has no authority. This is … an official old boys’ network. In one respect at least the Corporation acts as the superior body: it imposes on the House of Commons a figure called the remembrancer: an official lobbyist who sits behind the Speaker’s chair and ensures that, whatever our elected representatives might think, the City’s rights and privileges are protected. The mayor of London’s mandate stops at the boundaries of the Square Mile. The City has exploited this remarkable position to establish itself as a kind of offshore state, a secrecy jurisdiction which controls the network of tax havens housed in the UK’s crown dependencies and overseas territories. This autonomous state within our borders is in a position to launder the ill-gotten cash of oligarchs, kleptocrats, gangsters and drug barons. It has also made the effective regulation of global finance almost impossible
Ollie Gark | June 17, 2016 at 6:19 pm | Reply
Policed by the City of London Police. Even has it’s own airport….
And it has a massive security cordon, ring of steel around it too.
Guess where tax evasion first started?, yep, the city of London!
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Jo Litson: Scene and Heard
Articles and reviews about the performing arts in Sydney – and occasionally beyond.
Tag Archives: Jessica Whitfield
Posted on September 14, 2015 by jolitson
Hayes Theatre Co, September 7
Amy Lehpamer, sizzling in red, and the cast of High Society. Photo: Kurt Sneddon
High Society is set in the palatial home of rich socialites complete with swimming pool: quite a challenge in a 111-seat theatre.
But, true to form, the Hayes Theatre Co production solves it ingeniously. Set designer Lauren Peters has come up with four elegant, moveable arches and a clever reveal for the party scene. Lucetta Stapleton’s 1930s costuming, a few props and some sound effects (Jeremy Silver) are enough to complete the picture, along with Gavan Swift’s lighting.
The 1998 stage musical is based on the 1956 film High Society starring Grace Kelly, Bing Crosby and Frank Sinatra and Philip Barry’s 1939 play The Philadelphia Story. It has a very funny script by Arthur Kopit and songs by Cole Porter, some of which were in the movie, such as Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?, Well, Did you Evah! and True Love, along with others of his that weren’t. Not all the lyrics relate as well as they might to the situation but overall it works a treat.
It’s the eve of Tracy Lord’s wedding to the rather pompous, dull George Kittredge. However, her younger sister Dinah is determined that Tracy remarry her first husband CK Dexter Haven, who turns up unexpectedly with a pair of reporters from Spy Magazine, Mike Connor and Liz Imbrie.
Helen Dallimore directs with a sure, light touch, telling the story with great clarity, while Cameron Mitchell’s choreography suits the period. In another ingenious touch, Dallimore uses a quartet led by musical director Daryl Wallis whose jazzy arrangements of the score work brilliantly.
Virginia Gay and Bobby Fox. Photo: Kurt Sneddon
Amy Lehpamer positively glows as Tracy: glamorous, tough and very funny when drunk, her singing, acting and dancing all perfectly pitched. Virginia Gay is sensational as Liz, who is quietly in love with Mike. Her comic timing is impeccable, her performance is full of delicious, surprising little details (the way she hesitates to articulate the word ‘you’ when singing “All I want is you” in Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? just one of many) and she knows exactly how to deliver the songs.
Bobby Fox convincingly conveys Mike’s gradual softening as he falls for Tracy in a charismatic performance, while Bert LaBonté is an understated, rather melancholic Dexter whose charm grows on you.
Along the rest of the exceptionally strong cast, there are well judged comic performance from Scott Irwin as George, Jessica Whitfield as Dinah and Laurence Coy as the lecherous uncle Willy, while Delia Hannah is lovely as Tracy’s mother. All in all, divine.
High Society plays at the Hayes Theatre Co until October 3. Bookings: www.hayestheatre.com.au or 02 8065 7337
A version of this review ran in the Sunday Telegraph on September 13
Posted in Musical Theatre | Tagged Amy Lehpamer, Bert LaBonte, Bobby Fox, Cameron Mitchell, Daryl Wallis, Delia Hannah, Gavan Swift, Hayes Theatre Co, Helen Dallimore, Jeremy Silver, Jessica Whitfield, Lauren Peters, Laurence Coy, Lucetta Stapleton, Scott Irwin, Virginia Gay | Leave a reply
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The Last Foundling
← Are the English guilty of language imperialism?
What are the prospects for Britain outside the European Union? →
Turkey should be embraced, not scorned
Posted by tomhmackenzie
Kilis, a refugee camp in Turkey near the Syrian border.
I wrote some time ago that the EU was making a big mistake by playing hardball with Turkey’s application to become a member. They fear that the entry of a major Muslim country will have a destabilising effect.
They fear a possible Trojan Horse whose admission could immerse our continent in many of the horrors currently being visited on Turkey’s neighbours, Syria and Iraq. They couldn’t be more wrong.
Turkey is the obvious Muslim country which stands any chance of enabling Europe to gain acceptance throughout the Muslim world as a friend. As a member of the EU, it would send a signal to all Muslims that Europe is not irredeemably prejudiced and could happily work with them to build a better and more secure future. Once a member, you could be sure that Turkey would go after the nihilist maniacs with a sure-footedness that is not open to the rest of us.
Remember that Turkey single-handedly kept order throughout the Near East and North Africa for 500 years right up to modern times. Millions of Turks headed for Germany by invitation during the post-war years of the economic miracle to help rebuild that country’s shattered industries and infrastructure. They were known as ‘Guest Workers’ and the understanding was that, in due course, they would return to their homeland. They were not meant to stay.
So little did they offend their German hosts, however, that they were never asked to leave. Theirs proved to be the face of Islam that Europe never needed to fear. Even with the recent controversial admission of the huge refugee influx triggered by Chancellor Merkel’s off the cuff offer, there is not in Germany the festering resentment among Muslims and, indeed, Germans that exists in France. Two reasons account for this. In Germany, there is not the ghettoisation and lack of jobs as in France. Also, France’s Muslims are, for the most part, of Algerian origin and are the legacy of a bitterly savage colonial war of independence. Neither side fully forgave the other.
All of us can agree that Europe is at a crossroad in its relationship with the Muslim world. An implacable death cult has cast a shadow over all the continent’s urban conurbations and the crowd-gathering events which are staged there. Messaging each other in the new Wild West of the internet in an encryption form harder than Enigma to crack, they can operate in cells or as ‘lone wolves’ with manuals provided to allow them online to acquire and assemble deadly bombs. How the zealots of the IRA must regret that they never had such tools.
The result of it all is that people increasingly live in a fear they have never known before. They know the authorities have no answer, and never can, to the lone operator who can drive a truck or buy a knife across a supermarket counter. Even if we succeed, as we very well might, in taking back the land which Isis has claimed for its new Caliphate, its fighters will disperse throughout Muslim lands and perhaps our own and reappear hydra-headed to continue the mayhem. It is a depressing prospect and one to which we can envisage no end.
My own regular visits to London, its museums and places of interest, have lost their appeal. On a recent visit, I found that the dear old British Museum, an endless source of wonderment to me, had a half-hour long queue for semi airport-like security checks. I took one look and went on my way. In a long life, I had hitherto been able to wander up unmolested and pass through its hallowed portals unchallenged. That soon will become a distant memory. Security everywhere has become the order of the day.
We must resist. Turkey can help us for only it, as a Muslim nation closely allied to the West with NATO’s second largest army, can help us confront the threat ideologically. And that is the only way this death cult can be beaten.
Followers of their own faith must turn on them en masse. Their communities and their own families must place them beyond the pale.
The cowardly recruiters and dissemblers who encourage disaffected youngsters whose lives have gone off the rails to make an end of themselves and carry as many as they can into oblivion with them must be taken out of circulation and denied any platform to propagate their poison. Theirs should be a special place in perdition.
Turkey has already won the hearts, as well as plaudits, from the millions driven from their homes in Syria. Their efforts to provide a refuge from Assad’s killing machine dwarf those of any other nation, including Germany. The camps they have set up are a model of humanitarianism; they provide every conceivable facility and resemble more villages more than camps. Turkey receives scant recognition for her huge efforts and, needless to say, massive expense. And this from a nation which, unlike those in the West, cannot be described as rich.
For all the frequently ill-informed criticisms of Turkey’s president, he has proved himself a man with a heart which is more than can be said of many of the rest who weep crocodile tears. With 14 years of enlightened economic policies, he has also achieved growth rates the envy of all but China and India. In short, until these terrible troubles on his border, Turkey was booming.
My own message is clear: Turkey should be embraced, not scorned. If we continue to reject her overtures she will turn her back on us, and rightly so, with dire consequences for any last hope of getting back to normal and putting terrorism back in the malign box where it belongs.
About tomhmackenzie
Born Derek James Craig in 1939, I was stripped of my identity and renamed Thomas Humphreys in the Foundling Hospital's last intake of illegitimate children. After leaving the hospital at 15, I managed to find work in a Fleet Street press agency before being called up for National Service with the 15th/19th The King's Royal Hussars who were, at that time, engaged with the IRA in Northern Ireland. Following my spell in the Army, I sought out and located my biological parents at age 20. I then became Thomas Humphrey Mackenzie and formed the closest of relationships with my parents for the rest of their lives. All this formed the basis of my book, The Last Foundling (Pan Macmillan), which went on to become an international best seller.
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Posted on June 19, 2017, in Europe, immigration, terrorism and tagged fight against extremism, refugee camps, Turkey. Bookmark the permalink. Leave a comment.
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Is Rochester City Council Considering More Than Doubling Its Pay?
Andy Brownell
Andy Brownell/Townsquare Media
Rochester, MN (KROC-AM News) - A motion offered and approved in the final minutes of Monday night's meeting of the Rochester City Council could lead to major pay raises for the elected officials.
The Council voted 6-1, with 5th Ward Councilmember Shaun Palmer in the minority, to approve a resolution put forward by 2nd Ward Councilmember Michael Wojcik that was not part of the published agenda. It calls for city staff to analyze the budgetary and other impacts of adopting a pay scale for members of the City Council and Rochester Mayor based on the median household income in Olmsted County.
Michael Wojcik (City of Rochester)
Wojcik's proposal would set the pay for the councilmembers at 80-percent of that figure, while the mayor's pay would equal 120-percent of the most recent calculation of median household income in the County. The US Census currently puts that number, based on 2017 data, at about $72,500. That would boost the salaries for the councilmembers from just under $22,000 to almost $58,000, while the pay for Rochester Mayor would rise from a bit over $37,500 to over $86,500 per year.
1st Ward Councilmember Patrick Keane questioned whether that payscale would reflect the part-time classification of all the affected positions, which Wojcik indicated is among the issues to be decided by the City Council. The staff analysis is expected to be presented to the Council at its meeting on December 2nd.
News Update: Rochester Couple Admits to Federal Charges For 55 Pound Meth Bust
Source: Is Rochester City Council Considering More Than Doubling Its Pay?
Mayo Wants Fulltime Cops at St Marys
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Home Tags Graeme McDowell
Tag: Graeme McDowell
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28th February 2018 Issue no. 399
Please note that you are viewing an archived issue of Locks and Security News.
Design, encode, print, authenticate, track - market-leading solutions for identification and visitor management
Card manufacturer and ID specialist Databac Group has unveiled market-leading solutions for card printing and visitor management, including CardExchange software for visitor management and card production and Matica XID8600 desktop card printer and the latest advanced in RFID technology.
The Producer module allows users to create templates, connect to multiple databases, capture photos, signatures, biometric data, scan documents then print and encode a plastic card or even labels, tickets or wristbands.
MOBOTIX launches 'Cactus Concept' for cyber security in video surveillance
MOBOTIX has announced a raised focus on cyber security by implementing the "MOBOTIX Cactus Concept."
The concept aims to deliver a comprehensive approach to protecting MOBOTIX products against the threat of cyber-attacks along with education and tools to help customers and partners build and maintain secure video surveillance and access control environments.
PACOM 8003 intelligent control panel achieves BS8243 PD662-2017 compliance
PACOM Systems, part of STANLEY Product & Technology, a leading provider of security and access control solutions, has announced that its PACOM 8003 intelligent security control panel has achieved BS8243 PD662-2017 approval.
A true hybrid panel, the PACOM 8003 is capable of delivering both advanced access control and EN Grade 3 intrusion detection, and this exciting development means that its level of adoption can be significantly expanded throughout the UK, which will help provide a growing number of end users with the most cost effective intruder alarm system approach to building security.
Only Lock Lock carries the Sold Secure standard
Not only is Lock Lock taking the composite and entrance door market by storm, thanks to unrivalled product design, performance and longevity, but it is now the only security door handle with the coveted Sold Secure certification, that's issued by the Master Locksmiths Association (MLA).
Standalone in an integrated world
We live in an interconnected world. From fridges to cars, there are few devices left to which we haven't assigned an IP address and welcomed into the growing ecosystem of products we like to call the Internet of Things.
There is much to be said for this new age of integration. Both consumers and businesses are realising new levels of productivity and efficiency, saving energy, money and time.
Technological advancements have boosted the global CCTV camera market 2017-2025
CCTV (closed-circuit television) also referred as video surveillance, is a TV arrangement in that signals are not in public dispersed although are supervised, chiefly for security and surveillance purposes.
The CCTV depends on the calculated and intentional placement of cameras plus surveillance of the camera's input signal on a computer screen.
Dahua's open platform boosts integration potential with third-party apps
Third-party applications can now be downloaded directly on to Dahua network cameras, thanks to its newly launched Dahua Open Platform (DHOP), giving integrators, resellers and users unprecedented integration opportunities.
Currently available on the Ultra IP camera series, but in future available on all new models, DHOP is user-friendly in several ways. For third-party partners, it eliminates some of the previous restrictions, allowing them to develop their own applications.
GDX takes door entry to the next level
GDX by STANLEY Product & Technology, a leading provider of door entry systems, has announced the UK launch of GDX7 - a cutting edge Power Line Ethernet (PLE) system that utilises a standard 2-Core cable for transmitting all communications and power to each component of the system.
Hanwha Techwin Europe announces pan-European marketing & training alliance with ADI Global Distribution
Hanwha Techwin Europe has teamed up with ADI Global Distribution to create a Pan-European marketing campaign to raise awareness and highlight the advantages Wisenet cameras, recording devices and video management software offer to installers and system integrators.
Coming to Lockexpo? Bring the whole family!
To make LockExpo 2018 the best show yet, we're introducing some all-new attractions!
Although your excitement for LockExpo borders on the insane and is most likely the highlight of your year, your family may not show the same the level of love and appreciation the locksmithing industry rightfully deserves.
Therefore, for the first time ever, we introduce to you (drumroll please) the "family room."
6 top Cloud security threats in 2018
2018 is set to be a very exciting year for cloud computing. In the fourth financial quarter of 2017, Amazon, SAP, Microsoft, IBM, Salesforce, Oracle, and Google combined had over $22 billion in their revenue from cloud services. Cloud services will only get bigger in 2018. It's easy to understand why businesses love the cloud. It's easier and more affordable to use third-party cloud services than for every enterprise to have to maintain their own datacenters on their own premises.
It's certainly possible to keep your company's data on cloud servers secure. But cyber threats are evolving, and cloud servers are a major target. Keep 2018's top cloud security threats in mind, and you'll have the right mindset for properly securing your business' valuable data.
Optimus GSM Door Entry from Securefast
Leading access control and security providers Securefast have announced the introduction of the feature packed Optimus GSM Entry System into their range of state of the art security solutions.
Optimus is the latest range of GSM intercom systems specifically designed to work with gates, barriers and door entrances.
Metropolitan Police sued over phone malware purchase
Last spring, a hacker who had illicitly obtained data from malware/spyware company FlexiSpyshared some of it with Motherboard.
ASSA ABLOY UK specification announces new RIBA approved CPD seminar focusing on BIM Door Object development
ASSA ABLOY UK Specification, a UK division of ASSA ABLOY, a global leader in door opening solutions, is offering a new RIBA-accredited CPD seminar on creating standards-based BIM Door Objects.
The RIBA-accredited CPD seminar, entitled: 'Enhancing the Efficiency of BIM Door Object Development', is now available to book and counts towards the Design, Construction and Technology core curriculum.
8MAN release 9.0 with new features, more user-friendly and enhanced data security
Highlights include individual cockpits, 8MATE Exchange Logga which monitors inbox activity, alarms for FS Logga events and user profiles that facilitate compliance checks.
Access rights management from 8MAN has long been the benchmark in many security-driven companies and authorities. Now 8MAN has taken another technological leap forwards and is set to make release 9.0 available to all users.
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Storeman stole £25,000 worth of door locks from work and flogged them on eBay
Debt-ridden Daniel O'Brien stole thousands of pounds' worth of door locks from his workplace and sold them on eBay. The 35-year-old was working as a storeman for Solidor when he helped himself to locks, which he then flogged on the online auction site.
But a manager at the Fenton-based composite door manufacturer turned detective when he noticed the items on eBay being sold for much less than the retail price offered by his company.
Pickersgill-Kaye upgrade creates bigger platform for rail R&D facilities
Creating a unique lock manufacturing hub dedicated to the global rail industry and upgrading the facilities to the world class standards synonymous with ASSA ABLOY Group's pursuit of operational excellence, are the driving factors behind the ongoing investment in Pickersgill-Kaye's Leeds site.
Top security firm First Response Group has high ambitions appointing new CEO
One of the top multi-service and security providers in the UK, First Response Group (FRG), has announced the appointment of a new CEO, Simon Alderson, to implement its partnership business plan and rebrand to FRG.
All in one place: visitor facilities at Lockexpo 2018
As you know, we're returning to the East Midlands Conference Centre for the 9th year running. Why do we keep going back? Well, the facilities are fantastic and that lets us bring you an all-round better show.
Securefast Academy introduces FREE training days for Access Controls and Hotel Locking Systems
Securefast plc, one of the UK's leading access controls and security system providers as announced a series of introductory training days, which are open to all industry personnel involved in the supply or installation of Access Control and Hotel Locking Systems.
Of particular benefit to sales teams, specification staff and installation technicians, these completely free half day training courses have been specifically designed to provide participants with an informative and technical insight into Access Controls, Network Access Controls and Hotel Locking Systems.
New British Standards
The renowned British Standard on accessibility, BS 8300: 2009 has now been withdrawn and replaced with 2 new standards:
BS 8300-1:2018
Design of an accessible and inclusive built environment. External environment. Code of practice
Design of an accessible and inclusive built environment. Buildings. Code of practice
5 Standardisation bodies security professionals need to know
Standardization bodies are organizations that exist specifically for developing, coordinating, promoting and interpreting technical standards.
Britain's first 'private police force' has caught 400 criminals with a 100 per cent conviction rate
By Rebecca Camber
The country's first 'private police force' is investigating hundreds of crimes that regular officers are too busy to look at. A firm led by former Scotland Yard senior officers has successfully prosecuted more than 400 criminals and is now carrying out murder inquiries.
Phantom debt fraud
Action Fraud has recently experienced an increase in the number of calls to members of the public by fraudsters requesting payments for a "phantom" debt. The fraud involves being cold-called by someone purporting to be a debt collector, bailiff or other type of enforcement agent. The fraudster may claim to be working under instruction of a court, business or other body and suggest they are recovering funds for a non-existent debt.
Richard Reeve to take Axim to new heights
TPG, The Parkside Group Limited is pleased to announce that Richard Reeve, Sales Director will be exclusively looking after one of its major divisions, Axim Architectural Hardware.
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Lorrieanne.com
Where we dare to dream…
Life in the time of Marie Antoinette at the Palace of Versailles
March 30, 2018 August 3, 2018 Lorrie Anne
Bonjour! Welcome to the Palace of Versailles, the country residence of the notorious Queen Marie Antoinette and King Louis XVI.
By Kimberly Vardeman (Flickr: Versailles) [CC BY 2.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0)%5D, via Wikimedia Commons
By Wikiwee (Digital camera shot on vacation.) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
As you promenade the full length of the 239.5 feet Hall of Mirrors to pay your respects at the foot of the throne of King Louis XVI, you are awed by the 17 magnificent archways accented with 357 mirrors and 30 artistic ceiling paintings that take your breath away. You are among the privileged rulers of Persia (1715) and the Ottoman Empire (1742), who have promenaded the length of the gallery while members of the French court look down upon you as they sit in amphitheater style seating on either side in a show of superior wealth and power.
Photo: Myrabella / Wikimedia Commons, via Wikimedia Commons
As a portrait below attests, Marie, the Archduchess of Austria, was a beautiful child and indulged by her royal Hapsburg parents. By the age of twenty-two, after having become Queen of France, Marie often sat for repeated portrait paintings, complaining that no artist was able to capture her true image.
Jean-Étienne Liotard [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
As Queen of France, the extravagant Marie Antoinette would change clothing several times a day. Her wardrobe included twelve ceremonial outfits, twelve frocks, and twelve elaborate full dresses. Wearing white linen was considered a display of cleanliness, whereas commoners wore hemp. Shirts, bed linens and table linens were extremely expensive and seen as a possession of the rich. In the portrait painted by Vigée-Lebrun, Marie is wearing a white silk court gown with panniers— quite daring given the gauze and airy lightness of the dress in comparison to styles of the time.
Vigée-Lebrun painting of Marie Antoinette.
Photo: Wikipedia/public domain
Known for her fashion setting court dresses and foot-high hairstyles, Marie rebelled against the strict rules of court and wore scandalous cotton dresses at Trianon. The painting of Marie Antoinette en chemise became a scandal since the Queen was publicly displayed not in grand habit. The painting and dress Marie were considered indecent, and quickly replaced with the following portrait.
Marie Antoinette en chemise, 1783 portrait by Louise Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun. Photo: Wikipedia/Public Domain
Marie-Antoinette, painting by Élisabeth Vigée-Lebrun, 18th century; in the Versailles Museum.© Ronald Sheridan/Ancient Art & Architecture Collection
Versailles with its strict court etiquette was stifling to Marie Antoinette, so she escaped to the Petite Trianon, where the scented orange blossom trees and flower gardens provided freedom. In contrast to the formal palace gardens, the Trianon offered meandering paths, hills and streams, a working farm with live animals and a neo-Classical Temple of Love. Known for her extravagant indulgences, Marie Antoinette had her own theater installed in the Trianon, where she and her devoted friends acted out plays while the King attended to his duties at the Palace.
King Louis XVI was awakened every morning at 8:30 a.m. and given a dry bath in public, a wiping down with a white cloth, beginning his daily schedule according to strict court etiquette. Only the highest members of the court (nobles, cardinals, archbishops, ambassadors, dukes, peers, etc.) were permitted to watch the king dress, a ceremony known as the grand lever. The privileged stood encircled around the royal bed as the highest-ranking prince gave the King his clothing.
In the bedchamber of Louis XIV by Paul Philippoteaux
The King’s Grand Lever
The Queen and King also attended mass in the Gothic Chapel Royal, which was dedicated to St. Louis (King Louis IX, the ancestor of the royal house). The Chapel Royal is where Marie Antoinette and the Dauphin Louis XVI were married.
Chapel Royal Courtesy of Author
The Wall of Royal Portraits of the Ruling Kings and Ancestors of France Courtesy of Author
While the royals lived and dined in opulence, a revolution was brewing beyond the Palace walls where the people of France were starving from a shortage of bread and basic staples. Marie Antoinette was rumored to have said, “Let them eat cake,” a statement that has not been factually attributed to the Queen.
The King and Queen’s Dining Room at The Palace of Versailles Courtesy of Author
The King and Queen’s serving dishes at The Palace of Versailles Courtesy of Author
Ceiling Panoramas at the Palace of Versailles Courtesy of Author
After dining, guests would stroll in the gardens for fresh air.
By Copyleft (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)%5D, via Wikimedia Commons
The Orangerie By Urban at French Wikipedia [GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html) or CC-BY-SA-3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/)%5D, via Wikimedia Commons
Bathing ranged from every eight days to once a year, where royalty often partook of the spa. Cleanliness meant “having good breath and feet that didn’t smell” Toute L’Histoire (2017). Stories abound of a dirty Versailles with “members of the court relieving themselves in the corner of stairwells, of a King holding audiences on his throne, a chair with a hole in the seat…” (Toute L’Histoire, 2017). Sign up for Lorrie’s future blog posts to see the King’s two private toilets.
Perfumes were used to mask the smells and were seen as cleansing the person from within. The court of Louis XIV became known as “the perfumed court.” King Louis XIV preferred the smell of oranges and had his fountains scented with orange blossom and jasmine water (Toute L’Histoire, 2017).
Photo: Courtesy of Author
The King’s valets sprayed the palace with the scent of orange blossoms, which were believed to be an aphrodisiac. Scents were applied daily to the skin, clothing, fans, and furniture. King Louis XIV’s mistress, Madame de Montespan, had her naked body rubbed with perfumes, which the King later believed was the cause of his migraines when she fell out of favor.
Perfumes were used to cast spells, hide smells, and as a disinfectant to dispel the plague. Perfume burners were placed in hospitals to purify the air. Perfume transformed the wearer and cleansed their health.
The ladies of court sought Jean-Louis Fargeon, Marie Antoinette’s perfumer, to concoct cosmetics, rouges, soaps and creams to whiten their hands and face, powders and opiate elixirs for their teeth, and tablets and rinses to perfume the mouth (Feydeau, 2004, p. 34). Oils, colored powders, and dyes were used to color the hair, while perfumed gloves were believed to be beneficial to the skin. Marie Antoinette had more than 18 pairs of perfumed kidskin gloves made each month.
Perfumes were decanted in small porcelain bottles decorated with gold or silver art motifs. Marie Antoinette preferred perfumes and toilet waters, such as the eau de fleur d’orange, also known as eau do Roi or the King’s water. She took great care of her skin with pomades scented with roses, vanilla, and other flowers. Marie’s perfumer also made rouge pomade to enhance her lips. Perfume soon became a sign of wealth, where a different scent was worn every day, even during the French Revolution, when “Parfum a la Guillotine” was created!
For the next installment of Life in the time of Marie Antoinette, sign up for Lorrie Anne’s next newsletter at lorrieanne.com.
Lorrie Anne is a historical author who loves palaces, balls with beautiful French gowns, eating tea and crumpets, and basically anything a royal princess would do.
She is fascinated with Marie Antoinette, Queen Victoria, and the Empress Sissi of Austria. She loves traveling around Europe and writing about the many places she visits to share the fascinating stories of history with you.
More information about Lorrie Anne can be found on her website at LorrieAnne.com, Facebook, and Twitter. She is always glad to hear from readers and history enthusiasts.
Versailles picture 1: By Kimberly Vardeman (Flickr: Versailles) [CC BY 2.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0)], via Wikimedia Commons
Versailles picture 2: By Wikiwee (Digital camera shot on vacation.) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
Versailles picture 3: Myrabella / Wikimedia Commons, via Wikimedia Commons
Picture 4: Jean-Étienne Liotard [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
Picture 5: Vigée-Lebrun painting of Marie Antoinette. Photo: Wikipedia/public domain
Picture 6 & 7: Left: Marie Antoinette en chemise, 1783 portrait by Louise Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun. Photo: Wikipedia/Public Domain
Right: Marie-Antoinette, painting by Élisabeth Vigée-Lebrun, 18th century; in the Versailles Museum.© Ronald Sheridan/Ancient Art & Architecture Collection
Picture 15: By Copyleft (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons
Picture 16: The Orangerie By Urban at French Wikipedia [GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html) or CC-BY-SA-3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/)], via Wikimedia Commons
All other images are credited to Lorrie Anne
Tagged French History, Marie Antoinette, Palace of Versailles, Versailles
Published by Lorrie Anne
View all posts by Lorrie Anne
Previous postThe Dirty Secrets of Versailles
Next postMarie Antoinette – A Notorious Beauty at the Court of Versailles, France.
5 thoughts on “Life in the time of Marie Antoinette at the Palace of Versailles”
Barb Heintz says:
Love these photos. But, what is with the on of her dressed in blue. It looks like they plopped a head on a stick figure. Sorry.
Lorrie Anne says:
Hi Barb. Thank you for commenting! You aren’t the only one who thought Marie Antoinette’s head pieces were a bit odd. She actually had her hair styled and wore fruit and even a wooden boat on top of her head in her hair! She is infamous for her extreme hairstyles. I’ve posted an article with photos on my Facebook page at https://www.facebook.com/lorrieanneauthor/ if you’d like to be entertained even more! Take a look and see the picture of her hair with the boat! Thanks again for commenting.
Pingback: The Secret Life of Marie Antoinette – Lorrieanne.com
Emery Oras says:
I don’t commonly comment but I gotta admit thankyou for the post on this perfect one : D.
Thank you so much Emery. I am glad that you enjoy my blog. Come back soon! Lorrie.
Leave a Reply to Lorrie Anne Cancel reply
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Lorrie Anne
Palace of Versailles Updates
Treat yourself to the royal musical fountains show.
Stroll the gardens and watch a water fountain light show at Versailles in the evening
By Kimberly Vardeman (Flickr: Versailles) [CC BY 2.0(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0)], via Wikimedia Commons
Visit Chateau Versailles web site or the Musical Fountains Show site
Be A Princess for a Day at the Schonbrun Palace
Rent the royal chambers at the Schoenbrunn Palace in Vienna Austria! Be sure to plan your next visit and stay a night or two.
By Gerhard Salomon (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons
Visit Schonbrun Palace
Follow the Royal Couple’s Wedding
Attend a royal wedding, virtually!
Meghan Markle and Prince Harry are getting married here at St. George’s Chapel, Windsor Castle
Kensington Palace from the south east engraved by John Tinney (died 1761) after a picture by Anthony Highmore (1719-1799). Richard Müller
Visit Buckingham Palace
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MiM members CNC Mills and Premier Patterns and Castings collaborate
Pattern Makers, Premier Patterns and Castings recently made a purchase from CNC Mills, to increase their capabilities and efficiency. The collaboration is a prime example of how MiM memberships help brings manufacturers together.
Manufacturing for over 20 years, Premier Patterns and Castings offer a range of services from press tool patterns and design, CAD Cam, Foundry Patterns, Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Metal Castings and CNC machining. Since the company has been established, they have produced work for major car brands such as Ford, Honda, Nissan, Rolls Royce, Bentley, and Aston Martin. As well as supplying to other industries such as aerospace and marine.
Andrew Timmins, Director at Premier Patterns and Castings, made the decision to invest in a new CNC machining centre, a DNM 5000 700 Doosan, to increase the company’s productivity. In previous years, the company was able to create patterns and supply castings however wanted to be able to machine their products as well as produce other CNC parts.
Though the company already had CNC capability, the new machine is faster and more advanced and allows the Smethwick based company to create different products. Andrew said:
“This new machine will enable us to make more accurate parts to complement our existing machines. Now, we will be able to machine ferrous and nonferrous metals as well as plastics.”
The new CNC machine has been in action at Premier Patterns and Castings for over two months, Andrew said everything from purchasing the product to installing it has run smoothly and the service from CNC Mills has been extremely helpful. Andrew added:
“ Peter Smith, an Area Sales Manager at CNC Mills, took a look around our unit to see what machine would suit us best and what was within our budget.”
Along with a face to face service, Premier Patterns and Castings were also supplied with onsite training for two days and are due to go on a training course recommended by CNC Mills.
Andrew has plans to work with CNC Mills in future and hopes to create more connections with other Made in the Midlands members by attending events and engaging with the membership, he said:
“Hopefully we will be purchasing more from them as we have been impressed with the machine and I hope to create new products with it.”
“I think being part of Made in the Midlands is great as we can network and gain new business, as well as help each other with best practices. Some of our customers have been sending work to Spain and Italy, we hope being part of MiM will establish more custom in the Midlands and not our European friends to make Britain Great again .”
Join Made in the Midlands today, click on the link below to see what plan suits you best.
https://madeinthemidlands.com/benefits
Learn more about our packages we offer
Calculate Your Membership
Use our calculator to decide your membership
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College of Law > About > News > IALIgranddebate
IALI director's team wins 2016 IATA grand debate
DePaul University College of Law / 3/10/2016 / Twitter / Facebook
Professor Brian F. Havel, director of the International Aviation Law Institute, led the proposition team to victory in Barcelona on February 19 at the grand debate of the International Air Transport Association’s 2016 Legal Symposium.
Professor Havel's team, which carried the day by virtue of an e-poll of the audience members, argued in favor of the proposition that “this house believes there is no future for airspace sovereignty.” He was joined by Switzerland-based air transport consultant Andrew Charlton and Jones Day senior aviation lawyer Rebecca MacPherson. An audience e-poll taken before the debate favored the opposition side.
The opposition team, which defended traditional sovereignty as set out in article 1 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation (the Chicago Convention), included IALI Foundation board member Professor Pablo Mendes de Leon, the director of IALI’s sister institute at Leiden University in the Netherlands. This was the first time that Professors Havel and Mendes de Leon faced each other publicly on the opposing sides of a major proposition of international aviation law.
The grand debate is the highlight of IATA’s prestigious legal symposium, now in its 19th year and regarded as the world’s leading forum for international aviation law and policy issues. This year’s grand debate was chaired by aviation lawyer Richard Gimblett of U.K.-based global law firm Holman Fenwick Willan.
IALIgranddebate
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(601) 948-8005Mississippi College School of LawMillsaps College5th Circuit and MississippiMississippi Association of JusticeClinton High School Mock Trial and Madison Central High School Mock Trial
Paul Snow
(601) 969-1977University of MississippiUniversity of MississippiU.S. District Court, Eastern District of Louisiana, U.S. District Court, Middle District of Louisiana, U.S. District Court, Northern District of Mississippi, U.S. District Court, Southern District of Mississippi, U.S. District Court, Western District of Louisiana, 5th Circuit, Mississippi, Louisiana and U.S. Supreme CourtMississippi State Bar, Association of Trial Lawyers of America...
Jay M. Kilpatrick
(877) 856-0330University of MississippiUniversity of MississippiMississippiMartindale-Hubbell, Million Dollar Advocates Forum and Super LawyersMississippi State Bar and Capitol Area Bar Association
The LII Lawyer Directory contains lawyers who have claimed their profiles and are actively seeking clients. Find more Gulfport, Mississippi Workers' Compensation Lawyers in the Justia Legal Services and Lawyers Directory which includes profiles of more than one million lawyers licensed to practice in the United States, in addition to profiles of legal aid, pro bono and legal service organizations.
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Creative Lives Podcast — Photographer Lauren Maccabee discusses personal projects, interning with Martin Parr and Instagram
Posted 19 July 2018 Interview by Marianne Hanoun
The likes of footballer Cristiano Ronaldo, designer Kate Moross and even theoretical physicist Carlo Rovelli have found themselves in front of Lauren Maccabee’s lens. Having graduated just three years ago from the University of Brighton, it’s an impressive feat for any emerging photographer. But for Lauren, it’s always just been about capturing people, regardless of whether they’re a household name or her own sister. On the podcast this week, she chats staying calm behind the camera and instilling confidence in the people in front of it.
Interview by Marianne Hanoun
Lauren Maccabee
Assistant, Martin Parr Studio (2015–2016)
Ace & Tate, Stella McCartney, Canon, Le Coq Sportif, Sonos, The Telegraph Magazine, Interview Magazine, CR7 Cristiano Ronaldo, Island Records, Vice
BA Photography, University of Brighton (2012–2015)
laurenmaccabee.com
instagram.com/laurenmaccabee
From an early age, Lauren began sharing photos on platforms like Flickr and Tumblr, but it was a while before she decided to commit to studying photography at university: “When I was growing up, websites like Tumblr and Flickr got me into photography. I didn’t ever really think ‘I’m going to be a photographer,’ but after studying, I realised I should give it a go, and it ended up working out.”
After graduating from the University of Brighton, Lauren moved back to her home town of Manchester before landing a three-month internship with photographer Martin Parr’s studio. It was while working for the renowned photographer that Lauren picked up some essential tricks of the trade, and also gained a new perspective on her own practice: “[Martin] works really quickly; a shoot can be over in half an hour. I used to spend days colour-correcting one image in the dark room... it made me realise that everything didn’t have to be technically perfect.”
“When I graduated, the jump from being a student to a freelance photographer felt so big. I spent a lot of time thinking about why people would want to hire me.”
With a particular love of portraiture, Lauren counts good people skills as an important part of her toolkit – perhaps even more so than technical know-how: “As a photographer, 30% of the job is taking the pictures and 70% is about who you are and how you are with people” she tells us.
Looking back on her journey so far, Lauren reflects on her time at university, talks us through some early experiences on set, and her ongoing battle between client and personal work; before sharing her thoughts on everything from Instagram to life as a freelancer.
Collection: Creative Lives Podcast
Disciplines: Photography
Mentions: Lauren Maccabee, Martin Parr
Insight into the world of stock imagery: How to become a contributor and its earning potential
Recent grad Scott Kennedy on getting his industry start as a runner at Blink
Take a stroll: Laura Pannack on staying present and spontaneous as a photographer
How the stress of freelance photography led Erica Von Stein into a dream job in TV production
Candid, magical, complex: We get to know photographer Alexander Coggin
From wedding photography to football fans: Birmingham photographer Emma Case
How to get Slowthai nude, exposed in a pillory in front of his old home
Photographer and filmmaker Derrick Kakembo explains why being multidisciplinary is the way forward
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The Virginia and Kentucky Resolves legal definition of The Virginia and Kentucky Resolves
https://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/The+Virginia+and+Kentucky+Resolves
The Virginia and Kentucky Resolves
In 1798 James Madison wrote the virginia resolves, and Thomas Jefferson wrote the kentucky resolves. These legislative resolutions challenged the legitimacy of the federal Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798. Enacted as internal security laws, these acts restricted aliens and limited freedom of the press on the assumption that the United States might soon be at war with France.
Madison and Jefferson argued that Congress did not have the express constitutional authority to deport aliens nor to prosecute persons for seditious libel. They asserted in the resolves that state legislatures had the right to determine whether the federal government was complying with the mandate of the Constitution. In the second of the Kentucky Resolves, Jefferson contended that the "sovereign and independent states" had the right to "interpose" themselves between their citizens and improper national legislative actions and to "nullify" acts of Congress they deemed unconstitutional.
The resolves became an important component of Southern political resistance in the nineteenth century. These ideas ultimately became the legal justification for the secession of the Southern states from the Union in 1861.
KENTUCKY RESOLVE
1. Resolved, That the several states composing the United States of America are not united on the principle of unlimited submission to their general government; but that, by compact, under the style and title of a Constitution for the United States, and of amendments thereto, they constituted a general government for special purposes, delegated to that government certain definite powers, reserving, each state to itself, the residuary mass of right to their own self-government; and that whensoever the general government assumes undelegated powers, its acts are unauthoritative, void, and no force; that to this compact each state acceded as a state, and is an integral party; that this government, created by this compact, was not made the exclusive or final judge of the extent of the powers delegated to itself, since that would have made its discretion, and not the Constitution, the measure of its powers; but that, as in all other cases of compact among parties having no common judge, each party has an equal right to judge for itself, as well of infractions as the mode and measure of redress.
2. Resolved, That the Constitution of the United States having delegated to Congress a power to punish treason, counterfeiting the securities and current coin of the United States, piracies and felonies committed on the high seas, and offences against the laws of nations, and no other crimes whatever; and it being true, as a general principle, and one of the amendments to the Constitution having also declared "that the powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people,"—therefore, also, the [Sedition Act] (and all other their acts which assume to create, define, or punish crimes other than those enumerated in the Constitution,) are altogether void, and of no force; and that the power to create, define, and punish, such other crimes is reserved, and of right appertains, solely and exclusively, to the respective states, each within its own territory.
3. Resolved, That it is true, as a general principle, and is also expressly declared by one of the amendments to the Constitution, that "the powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people;" and that, no power over the freedom of religion, freedom of speech, or freedom of the press, being delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, all lawful powers respecting the same did of right remain, and were reserved to the states, or to the people;.… That therefore the act of the Congress of the United States, passed on the 14th of July, 1798, entitled "An Act in Addition to the Act entitled 'An Act for the Punishment of certain Crimes against the United States,'" which does abridge the freedom of the press, is not law, but is altogether void, and of no force.
7. Resolved, That the construction applied by the general government [of the necessary-and-proper clause] goes to the destruction of all the limits prescribed to their power by the Constitution; that words meant by that instrument to be subsidiary only to the execution of the limited powers, ought not to be so construed as themselves to give unlimited powers, nor a part so to be taken as to destroy the whole residue of the instrument[.]
In questions of power, then, let no more be said of confidence in man, but bind him down from mischief by the chains of the Constitution. That this commonwealth does therefore call on its co-states for an expression of their sentiments on the acts concerning aliens, and for the punishment of certain crimes herein before specified, plainly declaring whether these acts are or are not authorized by the federal compact. And it doubts not that their sense will be so announced as to prove their attachment to limited government, whether general or particular, and that the rights and liberties of their co-states will be exposed to no dangers by remaining embarked on a common bottom with their own; but they will concur with this commonwealth in considering the said acts as so palpably against the Constitution as to amount to an undisguised declaration, that the compact is not meant to be the measure of the powers of the general government, but that it will proceed in the exercise over these states of all powers whatsoever. That they will view this as seizing the rights of the states, and consolidating them in the hands of the general government, with a power assumed to bind the states, not merely in cases made federal, but in all cases whatsoever, by laws made not with their consent, but by others against their consent; that this would be to surrender the form of government we have chosen, and live under one deriving its powers from its own will, and not from our authority; and that the co-states, recurring to their natural rights not made federal, will concur in declaring these void and of no force, and will each unite with this commonwealth in requesting their repeal at the next session of Congress.
VIRGINIA RESOLVE
That this Assembly doth explicitly and peremptorily declare, that it views the powers of the federal government as resulting from the compact to which the states are parties, as limited by the plain sense and intention of the instrument constituting that compact, as no further valid than they are authorized by the grants enumerated in that compact; and that, in case of a deliberate, palpable, and dangerous exercise of other powers, not granted by the said compact, the states, who are parties thereto, have the right, and are in duty bound, to interpose, for arresting the progress of the evil, and for maintaining, within their respective limits, the authorities, rights and liberties, appertaining to them.
That the General Assembly doth also express its deep regret, that a spirit has, in sundry instances, been manifested by the federal government to enlarge it powers by forced constructions of the constitutional charter which defines them; and that indications have appeared of a design to expound certain general phrases (which, having been copied from the very limited grant of powers in the former Articles of Confederation, were the less liable to be misconstrued) so as to destroy the meaning and effect of the particular enumeration which necessarily explains and limits the general phrases, and so as to consolidate the states, by degrees, into one sovereignty, the obvious tendency and inevitable result of which would be, to transform the present republican system of the United States into an absolute, or, at best, a mixed monarchy.
Resolved, That this commonwealth considers the federal Union, upon the terms and for the purposes specified in the late compact, conducive to the liberty and happiness of the several states: That it does now unequivocally declare its attachment to the Union, and to that compact, agreeably to its obvious and real intention, and will be among the last to seek its dissolution: That, if those who administer the general government be permitted to transgress the limits fixed by that compact, by a total disregard to the special delegations of power therein contained, an annihilation of the state governments, and the creation, upon their ruins, of a general consolidated government, will be the inevitable consequence: That the principle and construction, contended for by sundry of the state legislatures, that the general government is the exclusive judge of the extent of the powers delegated to it, stop not short of despotism—since the discretion of those who administer the government, and not the Constitution, would be the measure of their powers: That the several states who formed that instrument, being sovereign and independent, have the unquestionable right to judge of the infraction; and, That a nullification, by those sovereignties, of all unauthorized acts done under color of that instrument, is the rightful remedy: That this commonwealth does, under the most deliberate reconsideration declare, that the said Alien and Sedition Laws, are in their opinion, palpable violations of the said Constitution; and however cheerfully it may be disposed to surrender its opinion to a majority of its sister states, in matters of ordinary or doubtful policy, yet, in momentous regulations like the present, which so vitally wound the best rights of the citizen, it would consider a silent acquiescence as highly criminal: That, although this commonwealth, as a party to the federal compact, will bow to the laws of the Union, yet it does, at the same time, declare, that it will not now, or ever hereafter, cease to oppose, in a constitutional manner, every attempt, at what quarter soever offered, to violate that compact: And finally, in order that no pretext or arguments may be drawn from a supposed acquiescence, on the part of this commonwealth, in the constitutionality of those laws, and be thereby used as precedents for similar future violations of the federal compact, this commonwealth now enter against them in solemn Protest.
<a href="https://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/The+Virginia+and+Kentucky+Resolves">The Virginia and Kentucky Resolves</a>
Testibus deponentibus in pari numero dignioribus est credendum
testifying against spouse
Testimonial proof
Testimony of wife at criminal hearing
testing clause
Testis de visu praeponderat aliis
Testis nemo in sua causa esse potest
Testis oculatus unus plus valet quam auriti decem
Testmoigne
Texas v. Johnson
Texas v. White
Thainland
That which i may defeat by my entry
The Causes of Popular Dissatisfaction with the Administration
The Colonial Period
The fund which has received the benefit should make the satisfaction
The Laws and Liberties of Massachusetts
The New Jersey, or Paterson, Plan
The Path of the Law
The reader is referred to the article courts of the united states
The Virginia, or Randolph, Plan
Theaters and Shows
theft and pawn shop
theft from departmentn store
Theft from employer
Theft of merchandise worth $450
Theft of services, penalties
Theft SOL South Africa
Theft-bote
Theodosian Code
therein
thereinafter
thereinto
thereof
thereto
theretofore
thereunder
thereupon
Thing adjudged
Things shall not be void which may possibly be good
The Vigilante
The Vigilante Fighting Hero of the West
The Village Branch Library
The Village Church Yard
The Village Connection
The Village Forest
The Village Presbyterian Church
The Villages Amateur Radio Club
The Villages of Rainbow Springs
The Villages Regional Hospital
The Villages Regional Medical Center
the villain of the piece
the villains of the piece
The Villanova Times
The Vincent Black Shadow
The Vintage Corner
The Violence Clan
The Viper Files
The Virgin
The Virgin (Seinfeld episode)
the Virgin Birth
The Virgin Dolls
The Virgin Queen
The Virginia Insurance Reciprocal
The Virginia Realty Group
The virginia tech massacre
The Virginian (TV series)
The virgo
The Virgo Mechanically Replayed
The Virtual Armchair General
The Virtual Company
The Virtual Internet Gallery
The Virtual Job Club
The Virtual Office Company
The Virtual Weber Bulletin Board
the Visible Man
The Vision Care Institute
The Vision of Piers Plowman
The vision of William concerning Piers Plowman
The Vista Forums
The Vital Knot
The Vitaphone Corporation
the viviparous lizard
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Special Sections » Fall Arts Guide
Sixth City Sounds Puts a Much-Needed Spotlight on Cleveland's Local Music Scene
by Eric Sandy
Photo courtesy of Sixth City Sounds Ray Flanagan performs on an RTA train earlier this summer.
Several dozen people mingle at Happy Dog at Euclid Tavern on a recent evening, clinking bottles of Great Lakes and trading stories about the prior weekend's shows. The occasion? Sixth City Sounds' first "Mixing Session," an informal meet-and-greet for musicians and artists in Cleveland. That debut event also served as an introduction to the new organization.
Formed earlier this summer by members of Cleveland's music scene — Chayla Hope, Teddy Eisenberg and Jeanette Sangston — Sixth City Sounds is trying to answer a well-worn question: How can we place a stronger spotlight on local music? Entreaties to "shop local," "eat local" and "drink local" have been roundly embraced, but getting people to "listen local" remains a challenge.
Hope, longtime singer of Seafair, points out that music can and should be viewed on some level as an opportunity for economic development. Good bands command a rabid audience, and local shows can turn bars and clubs into gravitational centers for Cleveland's neighborhoods.
But outside of clever civic branding campaigns, Cleveland is more prone to shun its musicians and artists. Noise ordinances and anti-busking policies have discouraged the entrepreneurial spirit in many cases; often, the only way to pick up any steam as an artist in Cleveland is through pure word-of-mouth and social media. That's where Sixth City Sounds comes in: The group wants to bring musicians and their audiences closer and, hopefully, perk up the ears of our city leaders. There are so many good bands that it'll make a listener's head spin.
"That's one of the things that we're trying to scream from the rooftops right now," Hope says.
The trifecta, as Sixth City sees it, involves businesses, artists and public entities like RTA or the city itself. The right blend of zoning policy, commercial growth and creativity can turn an open-mic night into a scene.
And Cleveland already lays claim to an incredibly rich tapestry of musicians. "It is something that adds to what makes Cleveland unique," Eisenberg says.
Sixth City has rolled out a couple of major initiatives so far. First, Sixth City is providing some local businesses with CLE Music Shelves, which will display three local records for purchase at stores like Coquette Patisserie and CLE Urban Winery. The bands being featured right now are FreshProduce, Ma Holos and the Ohio Weather Band.
Then there are the RTA Summer Jam Sessions, which continue through November. The idea is to take the music to the people, Sangston says. These pop-up shows take place on trains or buses and in shelters. After a successful debut outing, featuring volunteer musicians like Ray Flanagan and Rachel Shortt, Sixth City hopes to fund the project and pay musicians who perform. (You can watch videos of those performances at sixthcitysounds.org.)
It's a blend of those ingredients that will foster a sense of musical and creative place. And, the Sixth City folks point out, it can only happen when we tune in together.
"We feel that Cleveland works best when we all have a seat at the table," Sangston says.
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Music & Clubs » Music Reviews
Savannah Music Festival Review: Vicente Amigo
by Jim Morekis
Vicente Amigo, center, at the Trustees Theatre
ONCE you’re bitten by the Flamenco bug it’s in your blood for life. And like jazz, it’s a musical genre particularly best experienced live.
One of the things for which I’m most grateful about the Savannah Music Festival is their dedication to featuring top-shelf Flamenco artists in the old world tradition. It’s a conscious decision which they are by no means obliged to do, and I and others continue to appreciate the effort most sincerely.
The Festival has booked many Flamenco luminaries, including Tomatito and of course the late legend Paco de Lucia. They followed up this year with a dynamic performance at the Trustees Theatre by Vicente Amigo, who passes for an “experimental” artist in a folk genre known for its fierce zeal in maintaining the purity of this unique art form that draws from Gypsy, Spanish Andalusian, North African, and Judaic musical traditions.
Amigo’s set mirrored the deeply communal aspect of any authentic Flamenco performance. You witness the passing-on of the tradition to the next generation in real time, as an older, established guitarist with great gravitas and charisma -- Amigo in this case -- shares the stage with younger performers clearly eager to learn from the master. And to impress him if at all possible!
The departures from tradition throughout Amigo’s performance are subtle, and mostly involve phrasing. The performance began in the typical Flamenco style, with the featured guitarist taking the stage alone for an extended solo, in Amigo’s case at least 10 minutes. Then the other performers – a percussionist, a guitarist, and the cantaor, or singer – walk onstage and the group show begins.
While Flamenco might be this world’s last unabashed celebration of raw unfettered masculinity – in the best sense of the word -- in the end it isn’t just a display of male virility through art (though it is certainly that!). Flamenco is an invigorating, passionate, yet ultimately warm and welcoming display of community.
Amigo’s most obvious nod to a jazz influence is the addition of an electric bassist for about half the performance. Playing a five-string bass, Scottish musician Ewen Vernal provided a solid bottom end for Amigo’s aggressive guitar stylings, unusually crisp and clear by Flamenco standards.
Indeed, while most critics focus on Amigo’s jazz/fusion elements, I see him as the most metal of all the Flamenco masters I’ve seen, more a shredder than a musical storyteller. Not only is his guitar tone quite assertive, his picado technique – the Flamenco style of picking with extremely rapid alternating of the index and middle fingers – is likely the most clearly articulated you’ll hear.
Singer Rafael de Utrera was used sparingly, but wasted none of his featured time. The young performer expertly channeled the distinctively passionate, improvisational cante Flamenco vocal style and clearly will be a continued presence in the Flamenco scene.
Few in the Flamenco/Gypsy music tradition speak English, and as per usual with these shows Amigo addressed the audience only in Spanish. Savannah Music Festival world music shows always bring a more diverse audience, and there were also many Spanish-speakers in the audience, many of whom responded with shouts of "Ole!" and other encouragement en Espanol.
Music Reviews Savannah Music Festival Vicente Amigo Flamenco
Jason Isbell leads Savannah Music Festival 2020 lineup
Best Local Festival of 2018
More by Jim Morekis
Editor's Note: Will Savannah double down on a casino?
"City of Chatham Islands" legislation is a non-starter
Arrest made in alleged New Year's Eve sucker punch incident
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St. Louis Narrowly Misses Being Named the Top Bacon-Loving City in America
Flickr/ .melanie
Keep eating BLTs, St. Louis, and we could claim the No. 1 spot next year.
The holiday season brings with it highs and lows, but today we're experiencing both simultaneously.
Surely just as iconic as Christmas or New Year's, December 30 marks National Bacon Day — and with it, some news about St. Louis that has left us a little shaken. Earlier this month, we received news that our fair city has ranked as one of the top three bacon-loving towns in America. You read that correctly, St. Louis: We're not No. 1, and we expect you to do something about it.
The news comes from Nielsen and Statista based on U.S. Census data, Simmons National Consumer Survey and Wright Brand purchase data. (The latter is a bacon producer based out of Vernon, Texas.) Apparently 266 million Americans consumed bacon in 2019, accounting for some 850 million pounds of cured pork purchased this year.
So who are the two cities who beat us to the top spot? According to Wright Brand, Louisville, Kentucky, and Nashville, Tennessee, took first and second place, respectively.
The gauntlet has been thrown down, St. Louis. If you haven't already committed to a New Year's resolution, now is the time to stand in solidarity as a city and ensure that in 2020 we take down the competition. After all, if we're skilled at anything in St. Louis, it's having big appetites.
bacon st. louis national bacon day Louisville Nashville
Courtesy Flickr/taxrebate.org.uk
Missouri Is Number One — in Cutting Health Care for Poor Children
by Ray Hartmann | Jul 31, 2019
Flickr/dave Herholz
St. Louis Is One of the Nation's Most 'Undervalued' Cities, Study Says
by Sarah Fenske | Jun 28, 2019
Flickr/paul Sableman
St. Louis Offers the 6th 'Most Balanced Lifestyle' of Any U.S. City
by Sarah Fenske | Apr 2, 2019
O’Fallon Is One of the 101 Safest Cities in America
by Jaime Lees | Mar 19, 2019
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1976 San Diego guide to sailing
Mission Bay, Navy Sailing Club, Southwestern, Silvergate, Seaforth, Coronado and San Diego yacht clubs
By Paul Krueger, Oct. 7, 1976
Image by Tom Voss
The local sailboat business is a study in extremes. Lessons for beginning skippers vary from $15 for 21 hours of instruction at the City’s Park and Recreation Department to $90 for six hours at Jack Dorsee's Sarr Diego Sailing Club. Old hands can learn new tricks b taking 21 hours of advanced tutorage from Parks and Rec. for $18 or can shell out $12 per hour for “tailored-to-fit" personal instruction from the pros at Harbor Island Sailing Academy. Specialty groups, in this case UCSD and SDSU students and active military personnel and dependents, can go very cheaply at clubs formed especially for them the Mission Bay Aquatic Center and the Navy Sailing Club, respectively.
Rentals vary from a day with a primitive rowboat furnished by the Dana Marina for $5.50 to a $1,200 one-week cruise aboard a 50-foot Kettenburg supplied by Set Sail of Shelter Island. And there are 100 sizes and prices in between.
The venerable bastion of social elitism, the sailing club, is alive and healthy in San Diego. Five clubs are waiting to pick your pocket for an average $750 initiation fee and $300 in yearly dues. Money isn't the sole qualification, though; you will have to round lip two members of your prospective club to vouch for your integrity. The Harbor Island Sailing Academy is a little less pretentious and quite a bit more reasonable. “Our members do come here to sail, unlike most other clubs.” testified the receptionist there. For $175. you get free instruction at all levels, use of club facilities (pool, showers, sauna), and a 30-40% discount on all boat rentals. .
City Parks and Recreation, Aquatic Division, 1012 Santa Clara Place. 488-9895.
Restrictions: first come, first served. Lessons: seven week course of three hours per week, for both beginning and advanced. Classes are year-round; fall session starts October 14. Costs; Adults, $15; Juniors (12-17). $10; College Students, $12. Classes are extremely crowded, many applicants arrive the night before sign-up to reserve a spot.
Boat Rentals: none.
Slip Rentals: none.
Mission Bay Aquatic Center, 1008-10 Santa Clara Place. 488-3642. Restrictions: all local college students qualify. UCSD and SDSU at half the normal rate.
Lessons: four-week courses, meeting twice weekly for three hours, both beginning and advanced. Basic course is $12 for UCSD and SDSU students, $27 for all other local colleges. Advanced course is $15 for UCSD and SDSU. $27 for others. Boat Rentals: the Center rents 24 sabots, 18 lasers, and 6 omegas. Reservations are required on weekends from 12-5 p.m.; a first-come, first served basis during the week. Fee is $ 10 for 5 sailing sessions of 2 1/2-3 hours.
Navy Sailing Club, Halfway between Coronado and Imperial Beach on Strand Way. 435-8788.
Restrictions: active military personnel or dependents.
Lessons: club dues of $5 per person or $10 per family include unlimited free lessons.
Boat Rentals: with payment of Marina sailing fees of $25 per person or $50 per family, rental on boats under 16 feet is free. Yawls rent for $2.50-$3 per hour. Cat 22's for $2-$2.50, and Cat 27s for $2.50-$3. Slip Rentals: none.
Harbor Island Sailing Academy,
2040 Harbor Island Drive. 291-9568.
Restrictions: total fees of $175 for
membership; $100 for full-time students.
Lessons: costs range from $105 for beginning private lessons to $240 for a group of four. Eight hours of instruction is spread out over four two-hour sesions. Intermediate, advanced, and “tailored-to-fit" instruction is also available.
Boat Rentals: rentals range from a Capri 14 for $7 an hour. $21 a halfday. or $36 a day to an Erickson 41 for $100 a half-day, $175 a day or $850 a week. Club members receive 30-40 percent discount.
Southwestern Yacht Club, 2702 Qualtrough, Shelter Island. 222-0438.
Restrictions: sponsored by club member or interview. $750 initiation fee, yearly dues of $360.
Lessons: free basic lessons for members.
Slip Rentals: $.65-$.85 per foot/per month.
Silver Gate Yacht Club, 2091 Shelter Island Drive. 222-1214. Restrictions: sponsorship of two club members. $750 initiation fee, monthly dues of $25.
Lessons: none.
Slip Rentals: members or reciprocal agreement only.
Coronado Yacht Club, 1631 Strand Way. Coronado. 435-1848. Restrictions: sponsorship of two club members. $650 initiation fee, yearly dues of $180. Discount junior memberships available.
Lessons: a six-week program for members is offered during the sum mer.
Boat Rentals: none
Mission Bay Yacht Club, 1215 El Carmel Place. Mission Beach. 488-0501.
Restrictions: sponsorship of two club members. $850 initiation fee. quarterly dues of $51.
Lessons: members receive free summer sailing lessons.
Slip Rentals: members only. $2 per foot per quarter; reciprocal arrangements honored.
San Diego Yacht Club, 1011 Anchorage Lane, Shelter Island. 223-1103.
Restrictions: sponsorship of two club members. $1000 initiation fee, yearly dues of $360.
Lessons: lessons for children are offered year-round.
Slip Rentals: $1 per foot per month for members; reciprocals honored.
Bahia Motor Hotel, 998 W. Mission Bay Drive. 488-0551.
Restrictions: none.
Boat Rentals: 11-foot sloops. $3 per hour. 16-foot sloops. $7 per hour. Slip rentals: none.
American Leisure Craft Inc., 2040 Harbor Island Drive. 295-5900. Restrictions: none.
Boat Rentals: rentals range from a 23-foot Aquarius for $36 a half (4-hour)-day to a 38-foot Down Easter for $185 per 8-hour day.
Seaforth Boat Rentals, 1641 Quivira Road. 223-1681.
Lessons: $1.50 for 20 minutes of basic instruction.
Boat Rentals: Lido 14's are $6 per hour. Helix I4’s, $7, Helix I6’s. $9. and Victory 2l’s, $9.
Vacation Village Boat Rentals, West Vacation Isle, Mission Bav. 274-4630, ext. 7189.
Lessons: $1 per basic lesson.
Boat Rentals: 10-and 14-foot single sails rent for $2-$3.50 per hour.
Jack Dorsee Sailboats/San Diego Sailing Club, 1880 Harbor Island Drive. 291-6313.
Lessons: three two-hour sessions for beginners, $90.
Boat Rentals: rentals vary from $7 for a Neptune 16 to $120 per day for an Erickson 32.
Set Sail, 2728 Shelter Island Drive. 224-3791.
Restrictions: must have proven sailing ability.
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Boat Rentals: Rowboats, $3.75 per half day, $5.50, full day.
More stories by Paul Krueger
Everyone's dream — to catch sailboat out of San Diego — May 21, 2018
Port Commissioner rents yacht berth from Marriot while voting on hotel’s lease — Oct. 14, 2015
Sailing Lessons — March 8, 2007
Yachtsmen are mindful of ladies — Oct. 11, 2001
Mission Bay Aquatic Center, San Diego and Southwestern yacht clubs, the Navy Sailing Club — March 13, 1975
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1. Have you ever felt like your life went off the rails? What mistakes did you make that changed the course you were on?
2. Poppy lived for so long with the regret of missing out on Culinary school. How is her life different because of not seeing this goal realized? What are some of the regrets you’ve been carrying from your past? How do you think your life would be different if you’d seen some of those things through?
3. If you could revisit one missed ambition from your past and make it happen now, what would it be?
4. In the end, Poppy came to the realization that her life is good, and everything happens for a reason. She’d spent so much time focused on the past that she forgot to live in the present. Can you identify with her lesson? What changes can you make to live more in the present?
1. Poppy was foisted upon Aunt Ginny when she was very young. She had a lot of bitterness growing up having been abandoned by her mother, and when she got older she moved away. Now she’s returned and she has the chance to get to know Aunt Ginny as an adult. Do you see similarities between Aunt Ginny and Poppy? Do Poppy and Aunt Ginny see the similarities? How have your relationships changed as you’ve gotten older? What do you think of the adage that you can’t choose your family?
2. Poppy’s former mother-in-law is actively involved in Poppy’s life whether she wants her there or not. Why did you think Georgina was meddling in Poppy’s life? Did you opinion of Georgina change at the end? Have you ever had in-laws where the relationship changed through death or divorce? Where should the line be drawn with how much say your in-laws have in your life?
3. Then there is Momma. Why is she so rude to Poppy? What should Poppy do about her? Should she cut ties with Gia and get out now because of his mother? Have you ever had a love interest with a close relative who made you miserable? Did that affect the outcome of your relationship?
4. Poppy has an autoimmune disease that requires her to eat gluten free and encourages her to stick to a Paleo lifestyle. Do you have any food allergies, sensitivities or convictions? How has your life changed since being diagnosed? Can you identify with what Poppy is going through? Is it easy for you to eat out with friends or do you need to cook all your own meals? Poppy has enough trouble sticking to an extreme lifestyle change without other people trying to sabotage her efforts. Have you had trouble with family or friends not understanding that your diet is important to your health?
5. We’ve all been through things in life that affect us deeply. We’ve probably all been hurt and abused in at least some small way. Sometimes we’ve been the hurtful one to someone else. Drugs and alcohol abuse affect the entire family. Have you ever had to reckon with a mistake you made in your past? How did you make it right with the abused party? There is a principle that to keep unforgiveness in your heart is like taking poison and hoping the other person gets sick. How do you let go and learn to forgive?
1. Poppy and her friends have a history of being bullied by the popular crowd. Were you ever bullied? How did you deal with it? What do you think about how Poppy and her friends dealt with it? Or maybe you were a bully. What do you think caused you to lash out at others that way? How do you feel about your actions now that you’re older? How did you like the ending dialogue between Poppy and Amber?
2. Poppy is a plus sized girl in an image conscious world who is learning body acceptance. She has put off doing many things because of her weight, and she’s had enough. She wants to enjoy her life at any size. Do you struggle with similar issues? What ways have you learned to accept yourself?
3. Poppy is learning to embrace love and second chances. What do you think about love the second time around? Are you still with your first love? If you’ve experienced love the second time around (or third or fourth) how has each time been different?
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Fictional MBTI — Loki
21 October, 2013 9 August, 2017 Marissa
Update: Click here for a newer post about Loki with a more complete type analysis.
Over the past couple weeks, without even looking for them, I’ve stumbled upon two blogs talking about Myers-Briggs types for fictional characters. One is a Tumbler called MBTI in Fiction. The other is a blog titled A Little Bit of Personality, with a series of posts analyzing heroic archetypes.
I’ve been intrigued by the characters each of these writers choose to type as INFJs. Neither of these writer’s are INFJs themselves (the writer from “MBTI in Fiction” is an ENTJ and the writer of “A Little Bit of Personality” is an ENTP), and it’s interesting to see who non-INFJs think are INFJs. I don’t always agree with them, but it’s interesting.
This was the first post I saw from MBTI in Fiction. My initial reaction was, “There’s no way Loki and I have the same personality type.” But I agree that he’s an introvert, and I don’t think he’s logical or grounded enough to be either an S or a T type, so that leaves us with INFJ or INFP. (Some people type him as an INTJ Mastermind, but he seems to rely on Extroverted Feeling more than Extroverted Thinking as a function).
Both INFJs and INFPs feel everything very deeply and trust their intuition. However, INFPs tend to keep their emotions to themselves, though feelings will inform all their actions. Outwardly, they appear “receptive and non-judgmental.” INFJs prefer to approach the world through Introverted Intuition (Ni), followed by Extroverted Feeling (Fe). They are the rarest type, often question their sanity, rely strongly on their intuitions about people, and tend to talk about their feelings. Dr. A.J. Drenth’s profile includes this descriptions, which I think sounds a lot like Loki (as played by Tom Hiddleston in The Avengers):
INFJs are far less serious inwardly than they may appear outwardly. Their inner world is well described as playful, imaginative, colorful, mischievous, and daring. Characterized by Perceiving rather than Judging, it is far less controlled and regulated than that of INFPs. INFJs love playing with ideas, perspectives, theories, images, symbols, and metaphors.
Another reason I’ve been won-over to typing Loki as an INFJ is because of the description of INFJ villains on A Little Bit of Personality’s page. It really does sound like Loki, and the last line hits a little too close to home for me to brush this analysis off as written by someone who just doesn’t understand INFJs.
When turned to villainy, the INFJ is *creepy*! There isn’t really any other word for it. Dark Paladins are the best of manipulators because they are incredibly intuitive about people and can apply their mild-manneredness to going under the radar as long as they need to, manipulating others who would never suspect them. Because they are so good at this and *know* it, pure-hearted INFJ’s often wonder if they are secretly evil and manipulative at heart, like one day they’ll wake up and realize they were bad all along.
Future Posts?
I was planning on covering several characters, but after I started writing Loki I decided one would be enough for a single post. Maybe I’ll write more at some other time, if anyone is interested. Are there any characters you’ve been thinking are INFJs? Would you be interested in me typing non-INFJ characters?
Personality Types, TV and Films Avengers, character, character archetypes, fiction, fictional, INFJ, introverts, Loki, personality type, Tom Hiddleston 42 Comments
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42 thoughts on “Fictional MBTI — Loki”
corbinisme says:
I am pretty sure Loki is just low-key. Those introverts… :0
23 October, 2013 at 12:11 pm
Very “punny” Corbin 😛
But yes, we introverts are not to be trusted. Especially the low-key ones.
Loki is very much an INFJ — his extroverted feeling is directed at leading people because he feels it’s best for them to BE lead. Unfortunately, his arrogance sometimes gets in the way of his brains. (I’m an INFJ — recently discovered — and I run another tumblr typing blog! Here’s the one I did for Loki last week: http://mbtifiction.tumblr.com/post/64493603313/the-avengers-loki).
Strangely enough, while we may be the rarest of the personality types in fiction — there’s a LOT of us in nonfiction; I think writers see INFJs as the “ideal” to strive for — a smart, forward-thinking, logical but compassionate character.
24 October, 2013 at 10:22 am
Thanks for your comment, and for sharing your post about Loki. I’m looking forward to reading some of your other posts as well, particularly about fictional INFJs.
fatalfuryguy says:
Where do you get your functions information from?! Fe makes him lead?! Also, istps are the overwhelming majority of protagonists in any form of literature, not infj. Once again, where do you get your information from?! How can you base what type a character is just because you “relate” to them somehow?
As for loki, he’s clearly a maniacal, self-centered egomaniac who wants it all. None Of those things point to infj. I’ll let this blogger explain it better
http://zombiesruineverything.com/2013/10/13/mbti-loki-entj/#more-3543
I can see ENTJ for Loki… I may have to rethink him. But it seems like in the movies at least, a lot of his motivation is emotional — more emotional than I’d expect an ENTJ to be. (?) Granted, though, I thought the Thor movies were stupid, and The Avengers bored me, so I’ve only seen them once. :p
ISTPs, huh? I run into them a lot, but not as much as all the other emotionally-driven types.
I’m certainly willing to admit I could be wrong, especially since Loki’s unstable personality makes him difficult to type. I have a hard time thinking of him as an extrovert, though, at least in the films. I haven’t read any of the comics, and I noticed the blogger who types him as an ENTJ draws on the comics quite a bit.
Pingback: Fictional MBTI — Neal Caffrey | Marissa
I saw the second Thor movie today and there’s no way the Loki of the movies is an ENTJ. Loki has Extroverted Feeling all over the place. His mother even says he’s so tuned into other people, he often forgets to pay attention to his own emotions — that’s the staple of Fe. He intuitively discerns what other people need emotionally from him and gives it to them — an ENTJ couldn’t do that.
I thought much the same thing while watching Dark World, especially noticing his Fe
He’s much, much too likable and manipulative not to have Fe. His overly-dramatic and sarcastic personality scream NF. The entire faked death scene was an intuitive perception built on his understanding of what Thor wanted from him and giving him his fantasy — for Loki to be a selfless hero giving up his life for his family. That is a perfect example of manipulative Fe, combined with Introverted Intuition. (And Thor, being a total Sensor-Feeler, fell for it hook, line, and sinker.)
I could almost buy the argument that Loki is an ENTP (Fe as his third function) but… I don’t see Extroverted Thinking in him. He doesn’t seem a master organizer to me, more of a “take in information, draw conclusions from it, and act on those” character. Terrific character!
Wow, haven’t noticed you guy’s last couple responses, too busy trying some of these recipes.
Yep, estp overwhelmingly represented in movies, istp in novels. Repressed Fe, crafty, simple, makes for easier writing as opposed to a more complex, spiritual character. Granted, that gives you the ton of Channing Tatum / Taylor kitch crap that comes out every summer.
Once again, this guy has a nice little article on the two types.
http://zombiesruineverything.com/2013/08/04/mbti-istps-and-estps-the-go-to-action-heroes/#more-2074
As for the marvel movies, I agree they’re pretty mediocre. Seeing loki in the movies as infj could be a result of the actor himself being an NF. Not wanting to beat on a dead horse, but at the end of the day, his motive is total control and to punish everyone who doesn’t bow to him. Contrast him with the latest incarnation of superman in the man of steel movie who’s an infj, nothing alike. Mind you, superman in the comics is an esfj.
Thor’s an estp btw, typical jock type.
And this is a pretty long reply.
I’m glad you’re finding recipes you want to try 🙂
Tom Hiddleston’s type may very well be influencing those of us who type the film-version of Loki as an INFJ. I think it was on Pinterest that I saw a few people typing him as an NF, and that’s the impression I get from the interviews I’ve seen and an article he wrote. I’ll be interested to contrast Man of Steal’s Superman with Loki once I finally see it.
Yea, I was leaning toward an ESTP for Thor — he seems like a fairly straight-forward character to type.
Loki doesn’t use Fi, which rules out ENTJ or INTJ. The only other option for him besides INFJ is ENTP — which I could accept, even though his motivations at first aren’t simply to get power but to prove how unfit Thor is for leadership. (And he gets what he wants, eventually, even if he has to disguise himself to do it.)
Tom Hiddleston… yeah, I think he is an ENFJ. Very charismatic and likable, which seeps over into Loki.
Really? The new Superman is INFJ? I didn’t notice that at the time, but then again, I was busy being distressed that Superman was oblivious to the fact that millions of people were dying all around him, as he totally demolished Metropolis in a long-drawn out brawl rather than taking it “outside.”
Okay, jumping right into this, maybe focusing on a single aspect of the painting might give it a different look than the rest? To say that you see Loki’s Fe isn’t ill-informed but looking at the bigger picture, can you see yourselves (as INFJs presumably) carrying on a constant fight with everyone around you for the majority of your existence? And all so you can continue your life as their master and ruler? Among trying to kill his own family, he was about to kill that old man in Avengers for not bowing! Not for crimes against humanity but against Loki. I can imagine relating to Loki in certain ways, but any type is relatable. The entirety of the character does nothing to promote humanistic values in any way as opposed to a true INFJ villain does (shameless plug, I can’t help myself)-
http://zombiesruineverything.com/2013/09/04/mbti-ras-al-ghul-infj/
It could just as easily be said that Loki’s Fi comes into play when he’s being reprimanded for his role in The Avengers where he really doesn’t get why anybody thinks all the destruction he caused is a big deal, it’s just earth, not Asgard. It doesn’t matter to him because it’s not apart of his internal values to care about what he doesn’t understand…jump back to INFJs who care about people they’ve never even met.
Agreements- Marvel movies suck, Man of Steel Superman is INFJ, Hiddleston is NF, probably ENFJ from what I can tell.
You’re right about the fact that INFJs tend to want to keep the peace, but wrong in that we all care about people we don’t know — at times, I struggle to care even about the people I DO know, but in my type’s defense — I grew up modeling my behavior after my mother — a totally unemotional INTJ. So I reserve my Fe for a very small, personal, close group of people and everyone else gets the unemotional cold shoulder.
Loki is quite different from Ras. But he’s also a lot different from Magneto. Does Magneto have fun? Nope. Is Magneto theatrical? Nope. Is Magneto manipulative? Eh… to an extent, but he usually just wins people to his side with arguments and when they disagree with him, he destroys them. Whereas Loki figures out what other people want and manipulates them with it, right down to his super-theatrical death scene. Fe. ENTP.
Compare Loki to a spoiled rich kid vs. the guy that worked his way from nothing to the executive, Magneto. Both the same type but the hard worker may never amount to daddy’s money.
Loki isn’t bound by humanity’s laws and plays with people like a twisted kid playing with wounded animals while he also wants to rule his own people because of his arrogance.
Magneto is much the same- he wants to turn the tables on those that did him wrong as a kid and now- HE wants to rule. King of his own people, lording over humans.
I was going to say Magneto and Loki have different goals but the same motivation but they actually have similar goals too.
But while Magneto is one of the most powerful figures on Earth, Loki was born into a race that prizes physical strength and “manliness” so he uses his brain to get what he wants.
And Magneto, not theatrical? Whaaa? He wears purple underwear on the outside of his pants, loves his own speeches and is hardly in a movie or panel without waving his hands as far out as he can get them. He wasn’t born into royalty like Loki but still believes himself to be a god.
I’m one of those super-analytical people who have to consider every option, so I re-watched “Thor” (and will probably do “The Avengers” tomorrow). And here is your typical INFJ response to the topic at hand — Ni/Ti wanting to consider everything, and Fe wanting everyone to be happy.
Here’s what I’ve noticed about Loki in the movies:
Thor – INTJ (he thinks before he acts, rather than acts before he thinks, is extremely self-contained and bides his time)
Avengers – ENTJ (is much less far-sighted, otherwise he wouldn’t get clocked by the Hulk — a leading Intuitive would see that coming, but still a lot of Fe)
Thor 2 – ENFP (much more theatrical, playful, and a heavy Fe-user who knows how to manipulate people)
Loki proves the reason I’ve given up MBTI-typing fictional characters in general — you can’t type any of them without having reason for doubt, because the majority of writers don’t consult MBTI when writing, which means their characters use all the cognitive functions, in different order, at different times. Loki uses Te (launching a plan) and Ti (pointing out the flaws in the Avengers’ plans) both. He uses Fi early on (being hurt at rejection) and Fe later (turning all the Avengers against one another, successfully manipulating all of them). He also uses Ne (big picture, last movie) and Ni (knowing what’s coming). So I give up. If you want to say he’s an ENTJ, fine. 😀
In fact, not to harp, but I just remembered I had this. Last one, I promise.
http://zombiesruineverything.com/2013/10/18/mbti-evil-deads-ash-type-changing-entp-and-estp-part-i/
PS: I’m laughing about our conversation, because it looks like Te (you) and Ti (me) at war — you’re focusing on the logical facts in front of you, and I’m picking holes in it. Are you a Te-user? 😀
.:, says:
I am convinced, that everybody acttually has all functions, it is just their hierarchy that decides type.
I was convinced that type can not change, just get developedt (or disintegrated) and thus get more similar to other type, but psychologist told me, that trauma or very intense and prolonged psychological tinkering can actually change hierarchy of functions for real, even dramatically.
And Loki is Trickster – pretty much embodiment of change and multifacetness. If anybody can swap types like clothes, it’s him. Especially when we consider what he goes through.
Ami Shirohana says:
I am INTJ and i am NOT unemotive, i am NOT a manipulative chessmaster, and i am NOT a scientist … Prefers the logic is differents of be purely logic… I hate those stereotypes … (I do not think you think like that, but I’m already impatient with that)… e_e
Nice- “There’s no right answer; screw it!! Say whatever you want!” But see what you’re doing with Loki is also done with real people all the time. “I used to like people and I was really friendly, so I was ENFP then…but now I don’t talk to people and I’m really logical so I’m INTJ!” Everybody has everything in their personality but it’s all about what’s more dominant.
Characters are like individual versions of stories- each one has a message and there’s a reason behind why we like them; because they’re a mirror image or nothing like us and we’re attracted to that, but either way, it makes no difference if the writer went by MBTI or not because if they’re a well written character because they’ll still have those basic type traits but on a grander scale.
To say that Loki is a mess of all those functions (we all are, in a sense) is like saying there’s nothing to his character because he changes every movie to the point of not even being the same character. That scenario will normally only come from bad writing. Cliche though these movies may be, their characters are retained.
(Sorry, Marissa… we’re totally hijacking your blog. :P)
I agree that bad writing contributes to bad characterization — I’ve seen characters totally flip personality types within one or two seasons of a television show, because often bad writing means that a character’s behavior dictates the plot, rather than the plot dictating their characteristic behavior. Don’t even get me started on The Vampire Diaries characters.
Loki is a problem because a) he’s insane and b) he’s acting under stress, which means his functions are in disarray. I can see where a totally screwed up ENTJ might be as emotional and short-sighted as Loki is, yes. So — maybe, but I’m still not convinced because unlike Magneto, he seems to have an extraordinary ability to manipulate people through adapting his behavior to theirs, which still seems more Fe than FI. Either way, whatever he is, he’s flat out the best character in the Thor franchise — and the only one that keeps me semi-interested in watching more of the franchise.
Well, people will do that with characters (“they’re insane- untypable!”) but it’ll usually just be a personality disorder or problem they have rather than actual insanity.
For example, another ENTJ on the show Death Note wants to rule the world and is incredibly narcissistic to the point of developing a God Complex. He’s therefore labeled “insane.” But what types are more driven to that kind of behavior? To control and bend others to their will?
In Loki’s case, he has no choice but to use his skills of tricks and persuasion (like ENTJs are known to use, and a big difference between them and ESTJ, ENTJs read people and know what they want to hear) because he’s physically weaker than the other Norse gods. But he was also born into that role, being the god of mischief. Magneto is, more or less, human and rarely needs to suffer a fool, so to speak. You’re with him or you’re not- no need for tricks, save for the time he pretended to be another mutant for a couple years before revealing himself and destroying the X-Men and New York.
Nope, no Te here. ENTP. If I were Te, I’d probably be a lot more insulting and straying from the point to try to make you FEEL wrong, as opposed to staying on topic like we are. Te users are mean mamajammas. You’d read something like “IF YOU DON’T KNOW WHAT YOU’RE TALKING ABOUT THEN DON’T TALK ABOUT IT! YOU’RE DONE.”
Agreed. Loki isn’t all that insane, he’s just… uh… seriously angry about perceived injustices. 😉
Having given it a lot more thought, I can accept ENTJ, because all the functions seem to fit him besides Fe, and I can see where his motivation is selfish (they treated me bad, I want to rule! I’m going to make them all SUFFER!). But I can also see where INFJ comes from — even though it seems like a far-fetched idea (simply because, as you pointed out, he LOOKS like he uses Fe). I can see where Te-Ni-Se could make him incredibly effective at acting within the moment (which also looks like ENTP under the right circumstances).
Huh. I’m learning a lot. I’ve started paying attention to cognitive functions, which really shifts one’s perceptions. I’m finding out one type can masquerade as another very easily! No wonder so many people mistype themselves, much less fictional characters! But hey, the INFJs still have Ra’s, and that’s cool. 😉
ENTP, huh? Cool. I’ve never met one IRL until now (although IS this real life? can it be real life through a computer screen?). And yeah, I can see how mean a Te-led Fi-user could be. Remind me to stay away from them. 😀
Oh yeah the functions flips everything on it’s head when you first get into them. “Introverted…Thinking? But I’m an Extravert!” It’s confusing but then it all falls into place. And yeah, I think that the ORIGINAL mythological figure was probably ENTP. He wasn’t out to rule but to just mess things up for fun.
Yeah if people didn’t focus on each letter individually so much I can’t help but think they’d grasp the types much better. Instead, people pay attention to the letters and percentages and think that they switch types whenever they get angry, lonely, happy, what have you.
I know a single INFJ and you could say that she’s pretty misunderstood. Her quietness is often mistaken for snobbery by others but when you talk to her, you can tell there’s a lot going on in her head. My only problems are that I feel like I’m stepping on her toes or that I come off like a clown.
I’ve actually started using the terms “Internal” and “External” instead of “Introverted” and “Extroverted,” since it confuses people less. I couldn’t figure out my dad at first, because he needs time alone — but his functions didn’t fit INFP; they fit ENFP. So I had to throw out the concept of introvert/extrovert entirely in order to “find him.”
I agree, people need to forget the letter combos and just learn about the functions. Unfortunately, they can be really confusing and overwhelming at first if you DID start out with the letter combos — like I did. But once you do find your own type, everything clicks and you start understanding yourself a lot better. For me, it was “Ooooh! THAT’S WHY I DO THAT!” LOL
Of course, fiction writers can really mess with your head, when they establish a character as THIS, but then later in the season they turn into THAT. (I’m so confused with The Vampire Diaries. I just… can’t even… *head explodes*)
Misunderstood… yes. Been called a cold-hearted bitch, yes. Take all the blame for arguments, yes. Unapproachable unless you know me, yes. Totally intimidating at times, even to friends. Yup.
ENTPs are a lot of fun… or so I’m told. If she’s still hanging around you, you probably haven’t stepped on her toes too much. 😉
Yeah you can tell when she’s had enough of “whatever” anyway because she can’t hide it if she tried. The joke around work is “She’s up to her 12 words a day limit.”
She’d mentioned that often times in a conversation that she takes so long to decide on what she wants to say that by the time she’s decided, everybody’s moved on.
Yeah, like your Vampire Diaries, I had to give up on Dexter. It just got so…sloppy.
Robyn LaRue says:
I’ve really enjoyed reading this conversation, and only sorry I didn’t find it sooner. If it is possible for an INFJ to be a covert narcissist with a strong sense of entitlement and pride, would that fit Hiddleston’s Loki? Under serious distress, the dark side of INFJ might explain him, but I don’t know how long it could be sustained. I’d be inclined to feel it all deeply but stuff it down and disconnect (INFJ)
I was wondering the same thing about a stress response when re-watching The Avengers. To me, that’s the film where he seems least like an INFJ, but it’s also after “Loki disappears through that wormhole of space and time, when the Bifrost is destroyed, and he kind of goes through the Seventh Circle of Hell. And he’s on his own. He’s on his own in the dark corners of the universe, and the journey he goes on is pretty horrible. It’s like getting lost in the rainforest or something. You’re going to come out the other side a bit mangled on the outside, and on the inside.” (quote from an interview with Tom Hiddleston: http://www.craveonline.com/film/articles/187769-the-seventh-circle-of-hell-an-interview-with-tom-hiddleston).
There’s a book by Naomi Quenk called “Was That Really Me?” that talks about each type’s inferior function (here’s her chapter on INFJs and INTJs: http://personalitycafe.com/infj-forum-protectors/76894-recognizing-inferior-function-infj.html) She said that stressed INFJs demonstrate Obsessive Focus on External Data (compulsively trying to control things, worrying over things people said or didn’t say), Overindulgence in Sensual Pleasures (becoming “self-centered” and “self-indulgent”), and an Adversarial Attitude Toward the Outer World (hypersensitivity, suspicion, anger that is “focused, intense, and extreme”). That does sound a like Loki, but then I can also see elements of his personality in the description of a stressed ENTJ (hypersensitivity, negativity, frequent outbursts of anger and emotion): http://personalitycafe.com/entj-articles/95932-form-inferior-function-fi.html
People, the Marvel universe is vast… The characters move from world to world, from author to author and from year to year, especially if the character in question is ambiguous and liar like Loki is!!!
It is impossible to find a single definition to the character of Loki, as he has several (“Real” and others that he pretends to have) … It makes no sense to analyze Loki of the 60’s comics, Kid Loki, Loki of the movies, among others, as the same individual, they are very different…
4 April, 2014 at 5:29 pm
Maybe you could try to find out Steve Roger’s and Thor’s mbti? I’m pretty sure that Thor is a ESTJ, but I have no idea about Cap.
ESTJ sounds like a good guess for Thor, though I’ve also thought he could be ESTP. I’ve been thinking ISFJ for Steve (especially since seeing Winter Soldier earlier today). Maybe I will write a post about Steve’s type 🙂
Emily Combs says:
Alrighty thanks.
Pingback: Fictional MBTI – Steve Rogers (ISFJ) | Marissa
dakotasapphire says:
Reblogged this on dakotaisacritic.
socialauk says:
When I, as an INFP, read that Tom Hiddleston himself is said to be an INFP, I was curious to find out what type Loki was. This sounds really accurate from what I know of my INFJ friends. Sometimes, your quotes and descriptions sounded a lot like me, too, especially about the “wondering if someday they’ll wake up evil”. Of course, Loki’s J trait might not be very strong, thus giving him some P traits as well. Who knows. 🙂
I can see Tom as potentially being an INFP — I recently read a Personality Hacker article that described INFPs and ISFPs as “easily the greatest actors and performers of all the types.”
I apologize if someone mentioned this and I missed it, but I feel there is a huge missing piece in analyzing Loki’s character and his development in the MCU. I personally view Loki as an INFJ (I am one myself and to paraphrase what I heard someone once say concerning INFJ’s recognizing one another “they smell the darkness”) but I feel a huge part of his descent into seeming madness has to do with more subtle plot elements:
1) He was raised by the harsh Odin, implied to be second in line to the throne (that’s what he’s told) in the MCU as the other sons of Odin are mysteriously absent. Loki was raised with all intents and purposes to be a King, but not just any king, but the All Father of Asgard.
This position calls for a stark departure from who Loki is at his heart, and INFJ’s don’t deal well with being forced into alternative moulds for extended periods of time. It leaves a deep, overwhelming emptiness that in and of itself can cause an INFJ to retaliate. This is seen in a scene when Thor and Loki go to approach Odin (before the general Loki plot line has exploded) and they are supposedly the picture of loving brothers. Thor is ready for his father to crown him successor to take the throne that day, and he is still painfully oblivious of everyone but himself. Loki makes a small scene after a servant offering Thor wine agrees with Thor’s snarky comment that Loki is inferior. Loki turns the wine in the cup into a snake, shocking the servant. Thor complains of the waste of good wine and remains oblivious both to the hurt his comment made to Loki, and the INFJ-snapping point that Loki was drawing ever closer to. I see this as the dark INFJ side starting to seep out after being held back for so long that it could no longer resist its own darkness.
During Loki’s “madness,” we see that he employs many of the same tactic that Odin taught him and that Thor uses. The only difference is we don’t like who Loki is conquering, because he’s hurting us (Midgard) instead of taking it out on a bunch of wicked Frost Giants who really had it coming anyhow (Thor and Odin did this.) Loki seems to snap and his actions become an impassioned caricature of what Odin said he should have been, but never could be because he would never truly be Odin’s son. This deep, burdened mourning of sorts seems to erupt into the vicious, highly emotional torrent of destruction and malicious actions. Loki pre-snap seems quiet and very introverted, but afterwards seems to become a twisted version of Thor: self-centered, narcissistic, showy, entitled to power at the expense of others, and merciless in conquest. This truly is Thor before he grows throughout the process of the MCU. The only difference is he likes Midgard and he’s wrapped up in a golden retriever puppy facade so we sympathize with Thor and condemn Loki.
Later, however, after Loki is imprisoned in Asgard, he sees Frigga and shares an undeniably vulnerable, tender moment where the INFJ comes out. The last time he sees her alive, she basically asks him “are you not our son?” His response is a hasty attempt to guard his emotions and he denies her appealing to him. When he later hears of her death, you can see the INFJ breaking out in his rage. There is a very subtle echo of their last conversation clinging to him. The only one in the 9 realms who seemed to truly love him and care was gone, and his last conversation with her was to deny her as his mother. It is one of the only times we see Loki reveal himself disheveled and lacking in his primary defenses, other than playing mildly with Thor’s emotions when he shows up asking for help.
2) Loki seems to have moment of not simply switching between INFJ and shadow characteristics but seems to be infused by something else entirely. We must look closer at the story itself for clues. It is strongly implied that prior to Avengers, Loki is tortured by the absolutely depraved, despicable Thanos but also The Other. At the beginning of Avengers, he appears looking very pale, eyes sunken in, and as if he has been through worse than what any of the Avengers do to him throughout the course of the movie. In fact, despite the Hulk’s smashing, his surrender at the end of Avengers seems more strategic than as if he actually was defeated. He’s in much better shape than at the start of the movie. Curious.
This appears that Loki may not actually be an evil mastermind so much as one being controlled by Thanos and The Other. In Gaurdians of the Galaxy, we are intorduced to Gamora and Nebula, both “daughters” of Thanos who were adopted/stolen, tortured, physically altered to be better assassins, and held within Thanos’ control. Gamora takes the chance of tagging along with Peter Quill to find freedom (after all, she fails her mission in recovering one of the infinity stones in his possession, which leaves her in a bad spot with Thanos.) Nebula, on the other hand, appears as a spirited, begrudging enemy loyal to Thanos to the death, until Ronan proves he has a shot at destroying Thanos and she pledges her loyalty to him if he would only free her from Thanos.
All this boils down to… Thanos is one really bad dude, who has a way of imprisoning folks and being a mastermind at getting his way. The fact the he give Loki the Mind Infinity Stone to use (in the scepter) shows that he’s using Loki AND likely is simultaneously controlling Loki to some extent with the stone, just as Loki captures Professor Selvig. The professor at the end of the movie tells Black Widow that while he did build the machine so the Tesseract could be used to open a portal for the Chitari invasion, he wasn’t “totally” unaware of his actions as he still managed to incorporate an emergency “off” to the system.
This implies that the control of the Mind stone may have only been partial (reading the history in the comics vs the MCU, the stones seem to maybe be not quite as powerful in the MCU as in the comics.) This means that Loki may have been under control, but still able to use his strong INFJ mind to work his way into his own loophole in getting caught by the Avengers and taken back to be imprisoned in Asgard. At one point while battling Thor, Thor tells him to “stop this madness” and Loki says “it’s too late” and there is a break in character briefly where the madman disappears and the INFJ Loki appears, almost implying that he’s not the one pulling the strings, or able to stop the madness. Loki’s later death may be both to satisfy Thor as well as Thanos, knowing he’s as good as dead for going against Thanos. Him disguising himself as Odin on the throne may actually be another attempt at escaping Thanos, along with fulfilling his own personal goal of being valued and achieving what makes him feel complete.
Thor leaves the disguised Loki on the throne, and Loli himself seems happy, but alone. Loki spent so much time wanting to be loved and equal, it seems the curse of the INFJ that in the end he finds peace in the solitude of isolation.
So that’s my input. We cannot call Loki erratic without understanding the influences on him:
1) Odin’s personality and expectations and the caricature of “what Loki should have been”
2) Loki was most likely tortured and under supernatural control of Thanos and was a victim in a much larger scheme of Thanos to recover all the Infinity Stones for himself (bigger plot line there)
I believe every counter to “Loki isn’t an INFJ” can be resolved to some extent with the above points. Anyhow, that’s my $0.02 🙂
Wonderful analysis. I think it’s interesting that you describe Loki as acting like a twisted version of Thor in The Avengers, since I’d type Thor as an ESTP which would mean he and an INFJ Loki use the exact same functions, but in the opposite order.
I was reading over this post again today after reading your comment, and I realized it’s not nearly as complete as my later Fictional MBTI posts, and that I wrote it before seeing Dark World. Maybe it’s time for an up-date 🙂 Thanks so much for commenting and bringing me back here!
Pingback: Fictional MBTI – Loki (INFJ) | Marissa
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m (Corvene moved page Sesame Street (Partially Lost Segments of Children's Puppet TV Series; 1969-present) to Sesame Street (partially lost segments of children's puppet TV series; 1969-present))
(Actually there IS the full English version of "News Flash: Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves." Also, Lefty the Salesman is actually NOWHERE near rare.)
==Lefty the Salesman Skits - Partially Found==
Lefty the Salesman is an early Muppet salesman performed by Frank Oz from the first six seasons. He was usually seen trying to sell things to Ernie such as a letter O, a snowman, or an invisible ice cream cone. He had his own "sneaky" music theme at the beginning of most of his sketches and when he approaches Ernie, he signals him by whispering "Hey, bud! C'mere." Ernie exclaims, "Who, me?" and the Salesman quickly tries to shush him. Ernie whispers, "Who, me?" Lefty then answers with an elongated "Riiiiiight," and then begins to pitch his sale to Ernie: "How would ya like to buy...". Lefty was not always successful in pitching his sales, but was best known to be a criminal on the street, as seen in some Gangster sketches where he had to carry out assignments given by his boss.
Most of Lefty's known sketches, including the Gangsters sketches, have surfaced on YouTube in English, though some of surfaced in a different language only. The ME Sign sketch is the only sketch missing. These clips can be viewed below.
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: auto;"
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| {{#ev:youtube|https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rfelvI_ikf4|320x240|center|8}}
| {{#ev:youtube|https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zDQor3rse8M&t=5s|320x240|center|Empty Box}}
| {{#ev:youtube|https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9GNfRBn4-5c&t=2s|320x240|center|Air}}
| {{#ev:youtube|https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-yj1IGkH6AY&t=12s|320x240|center|U/V}}
| {{#ev:youtube|https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bRWGEgc84FU|320x240|center|P and R}}
| {{#ev:youtube|https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lHVjN3GicYs|320x240|center|STOP sign}}
| {{#ev:youtube|https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZrvjcMwxUUA|320x240|center|Picture of Four Elephants}}
| {{#ev:youtube|https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1JbJfBruim0|320x240|center|Scale}}
| {{#ev:youtube|https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ml6Yqu-spnM|320x240|center|"Would You Like to Buy an O?"}}
| {{#ev:youtube|https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HbzbsKE5uO8|320x240|center|Invisible Ice Cream Cone}}
| {{#ev:youtube|https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gu30G_rwiEU|320x240|center|Snowman (German)}}
| {{#ev:youtube|https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o3R8-1T3RwI&t=80s|320x240|center|Paper Bag (Hebrew)}}
| {{#ev:youtube|https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GlZJM65xH4g|320x240|center|Book (Arabic)}}
| {{#ev:youtube|https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fSGv3ZasvgI|320x240|center|Alphabet (clip only, no audio)}}
| {{#ev:youtube|https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jn9slI1XqTk|320x240|center|Lefty recites the Alphabet}}
| {{#ev:youtube|https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c8tnd0bsvNI|320x240|center|Carrot Delivery}}
| {{#ev:youtube|https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NbwCbrSkyyw|320x240|center|The Golden AN (Take 1)}}
| {{#ev:youtube|https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4ZbDL3zvygI|320x240|center|The Golden AN (Take 2)}}
| {{#ev:youtube|https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-GGylIHobgY&t=6s|320x240|center|U/V (Alternate take, German)}}
==Granny Fanny Nesselrode Skits - Partially Found==
| {{#ev:youtube|https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5vZk7qlg72E|320x240|center|News Flash: Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves (Partially dubbed in Dutch)}}
| {{#ev:youtube|https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Jtet8OQfgg|320x240|center|"Surprise" (Incomplete, with Susan and Oscar's cutaway + Herry and Bert's cutaway dubbed in German)}}
| {{#ev:youtube|https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zX6PqgJDI-U|320x240|center|"We Are All Monsters" (Original version, with Elmo's undubbed voice)}}
| {{#ev:youtube|https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dtqsbtWbkLo|320x240|center|News Flash: Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves}}
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(→Leslie Mostly Skits - Partially Found: Another Leslie Mostly skit found! Now only Guy Smiley remains! ;D)
(→Leslie Mostly Skits - Partially Found: Whoops! Accidentally forgot to fix the video row... Now you'll see it. ;))
|description3 =Grover Interview.
{{Video|perrow =2
|service1 =youtube
|id1 =gLUYO1PdVFM
Sesame Street is a children’s television series that started in 1969. The series is one of the most well-known and longest running children’s television series of all time. Since its inception in 1969, the show has earned 159 Emmy Awards and 8 Grammy Awards, and an estimated 77 million Americans watched the series as children as of 2008.[1]
While episode listings adapted from Children’s Television Workshop archives are complete in writing, many of the segments included in the listings are not available for audiences on any home video releases or digital releases. A complete listing of these is not available, largely due to the vast number of episodes of the series produced, but many of the popular segments that have been lost and found since the genesis of the Internet have been listed below.
Screenshot of Letter Y skit
Screenshot of Letter Y skit, courtesy of Lost Media Wiki forums user Summertime.
Of the eleven known skits to include him, only one (What’s My Part?) has resurfaced in complete English, Emotions has resurfaced in English (mostly fan-dubbed by a user but also using only a few actual English audio pieces taken from a documentary) with the video source deriving from the German dub, Spinning Wheel has surfaced in English but as incomplete (with the video starting halfway through the song), five dubbed segments and one album track has resurfaced. Letter Y was once posted on YouTube in German back in 2006, but has been long gone since and it is confirmed that Rohail Hashmi, tpirman1982 and other users do not have Letter Y saved on their desktops. On June 23, 2018, Lost Media Wiki forums user Summertime uploaded another screenshot of the letter Y segment. The two segments that have not resurfaced in any form yet include Number 2 and U Lecture.
Emotions (mostly fandubbed, and in English)
Pogo Stick (Arabic dub)
Dump Truck (Arabic dub)
Letter U (English audio from soundtrack, not to be confused with the Season 3 skit that aired in Episode 297)
Leslie Mostly is a short-lived Muppet from the eleventh and twelfth seasons. She was the host of “The Leslie Mostly Show,” a talk show host spoof series. Her segments are interviews with other Muppet characters, including The Amazing Mumford, Grover, Count von Count, Cookie Monster, Kermit the Frog, Guy Smiley, and the word “CASA.”
While most of Leslie Mostly's skits have been uploaded to YouTube in English, the Cookie Monster skit has been found in Castilian Spanish and the Kermit skit has been found in Turkish. The Guy Smiley skit was once available on Verizon phones but is no longer available, making it the only one having not turned up online at this time. The uploaded clips can be viewed below.
Kermit Interview. (Turkish)
The four sketches include Baby Deena, Toy Box, Underwater, and Pearl is Sick.[3] Of these, Baby Deena is the only sketch uploaded on YouTube in English (as “Play House”). Toy Box has been uploaded in Dutch. Underwater and Pearl is Sick have been posted in Castilian Spanish.
Underwater (Castilian Spanish dub).
Pearl is Sick (Castilian Spanish dub).
The Gymnast segments are a series of inserts including a female gymnast (with blonde hair and wearing a black leotard) demonstrating various concepts using various gym apparatuses - like pommel horses and uneven bars - in a darkened, nondescript location. Two of the six inserts featuring this gymnast - Around and Between - have resurfaced on YouTube; the four that haven’t are:
Beginning/End (uneven bars)
Close To/Away From (rings)
Over/Under (pommel horse)
Slow (uneven bars - slow motion)
Ernie and Bert imagine going their separate ways
"Handful of Crumbs" (sung by Cookie Monster; beginning and end dubbed in Castilian Spanish)
“I’m Square” (sung by Bert)
"Wonderful Me” (sung by Big Bird)
“Surprise!” (1975, sung by Big Bird, Grover and the cast)
“ Come Join Us!” Song: “Come Join Us” is a Muppet segment written by Cheryl Hardwick in 1980. The surviving still from the skit depicts a Muppet rock band performing the song.[5]The segment can be watched on YouTube in iit'sCastilian Spanish dub.[6]
Dr. Nobel Price (Slushabouts skit): Dr. Nobel Price is a Muppet inventor. He was best known for “inventing” objects that already existed with other names. One example of this is the “Slushabouts,” another name for galoshes.[7]
Miami Mice (The Space Center skit): Miami Mice was a short-run “Miami Vice” spoof starring Tito and J.P., two mouse detectives. The Space Center skit in which the mice help Count von Count get to the space center so he can do the countdown is a lost skit from this series.[8] The German dub of the clip can be seen on YouTube.[9]
The Two-Headed Monster sounds out the word “BED“: The only known lost Two-Headed Monster segment. The only known episode to include this segment is an unidentified episode "Ask Oscar about discussions". It has not resurfaced online until MarshalGrover finally uploaded it on YouTube recently today.[17]
Grover and Little Bird at the zoo: The only known lost Little Bird segment. In it, Grover visits the zoo to talk about birds. When he visits the birdcage, he swaps places with Little Bird, and two Anything Muppets come and admire him. It's unknown which episodes have this segment. The clip was once posted on YouTube in German (with some crappy German text overlaid on the screen, and it's part of the actual foreign airing itself) circa 2009 but got removed in 2014. The German dub came back on YouTube in September 2017. [18]
"Surprise" (English version with Susan and Oscar's cutaway) Found but with incomplete video sources
Ernie meets a Candy Salesman with Pumpkin Seeds (once posted on YouTube in German) Found
The "Frazzle" Song (full version with rip lines around the circles, never freezes at all near the end, the ghost from Elmo Says BOO! does not appear near the end of the song and the song cuts to black at the very end (without fade in and fade out transitions applied))
The following is a brief list of Sesame Street clips for which there are seperate articles on this wiki:
Sesame Street: Episode 847 (lost "Wicked Witch of the West" episode; 1976)
Sesame Street: "Snuffy's Parents Get a Divorce" (lost episode of educational TV series; 1992)
Cracks aka 'Crack Master' (found animated Sesame Street short; 1975)
The Count Orders a Hot Dog (found Sesame Street sketch; 1973)
Handful of Crumbs (partially lost Sesame Street short; 1982)
Sesame Street "Windy" (partially lost clip of puppet show series; 1970)
Batman: Clean and Dirty (lost "Sesame Street" animated segment; 1970)
Ernie and the Pumpkin Seed Candy Salesman (found Sesame Street sketch; 1971)
Luxo, Jr. Shorts (mentioned in Pixar's Made in Point Richmond DVD Rarities (found various Pixar footage; 1986-2000))
Sesame Street "Surprise!" song by Hippies (partially found clip of puppet show series; 1970)
Sesame Street Jam: A Musical Celebration (found deleted scenes of TV special; 1994)
The Sesame Street Experiment (partially found documentary; 1989)
Sesame Street At Night? (lost Sesame Street TV Special; 1977)
↑ The Two-Headed Monster sounds out the word “BED“ Retrieved 26 July ’17.
↑ YouTube German dub of Grover and Little Bird at the zoo. Retrieved 18 Sep '17.
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Community | August 22, 2019
Unprecedented Demand for Free Dental Care in Wairoa
Lumino The Dentists’ annual visit to Wairoa has seen unprecedented demand this year.
In what is the fourth year of the initiative, Lumino The Dentists have partnered with the Ngāti Pahauwera Development Trust in the Hawke’s Bay to provide dental services to those that can’t afford it.
The team, led by Dentist, Tony Dey, performed over $40,000 worth of care to around 70 locals of the small east coast town in mid-January, in their mobile unit usually tasked with visiting schools.
Ngāti Pahauwera chairperson Toro Waaka says the program has been invaluable as more residents learn about good dental hygiene.
“Wairoa is a very low-income area. In particular, people like solo mothers, solo parents, they neglect their own health for their children, their own dental health.”
“So this gives them an opportunity to do a bit of a tidy and maybe they get encouraged into better dental health care,” he says.
Dr Tony Dey says this year the demand has been huge.
“We see stuff that we would call it late presentation, problems that have been around a while that if dental care was more easily accessible, we may not have got to that point,” he says.
Takapuna Dentist Dr Jots Rajput has been coming along to Wairoa for three years now.
“It’s a wonderful community and it’s a rewarding experience, and the need in the isolated East Coast community is so apparent.”
Jots, who practices out of Lumino Takapuna, says it’s a shame they couldn’t see more patients, but hopes the patients that have seen would encourage other members of the community to look after their oral health.
“There needs to be more educational awareness in order to have good dental health,” he says.
“People need reminding to brush twice daily and floss…we hope the people who we did see, spread the word”.
The waiting list for next year already has 50 people on it and dates have already been set for two weeks in mid-January.
Read more about the initiative in the Hawke’s Bay Today.
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Liz on February 7, 2014 at 3:30 am
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A must for brass quintet, this piece is 2 minutes of pure fun! International Trumpet Journal
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“This work will punctuate any church service with its powerful themes and tasteful fanfares …should be in every church organist’s collection.” Pennsylvania Music Education Association News
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“the very best music….great stuff for three exceptional players.” Band Director’s Guide
Liz on March 20, 2014 at 1:32 pm
A review of this edition in the International Trumpet Guild Journal reads “This reduction works superbly well for brass quintet, is recommended to anyone looking for early American repertoire.”
“…In this writer’s opinion, most any excuse would justify pulling Collins’ arrangement off the shelf to be enjoyed by brass players and congregation alike. ” International Trumpet Guild Journal
Queen City Brass Publications (Manduca Music) should be commended for publishing this elegantly engraved edition…” The Horn Call Magazine
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