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Home / News & Comment / ‘Two Means Two, but Must Does Not Mean Must: An Analysis of Recent Decisions on the Conditions for Parental Orders in Surrogacy’
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Our articles are written by experts in their field and include barristers, solicitors, judges, mediators, academics and professionals from a range of related disciplines. Family Law provides a platform for debate for all the important topics, from divorce and care proceedings to transparency and access to justice. If you would like to contribute please email editor@familylaw.co.uk.
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‘Two Means Two, but Must Does Not Mean Must: An Analysis of Recent Decisions on the Conditions for Parental Orders in Surrogacy’
Date:23 JAN 2018
Dr Alan Brown, Lecturer in Law, Abertay University
Keywords: Surrogacy - Parental Orders - Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008 - Statutory Interpretation
The full version of this article will appear in Child and Family Law Quarterly, Vol 30, No 1.
Find out more or request a free 1-week trial of Child and Family Law Quarterly. Please quote: 100482.
This article examines the High Court decisions in Re Z (A Child) (Surrogate Father: Parental Order) [2017] 1 FLR 472 and Re X (A Child) (Parental Order: Time Limit) [2015] 1 FLR 349, which concerned two of the conditions for the granting of ‘parental orders’ after surrogacy in section 54 Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008. The article observes that the strict approach employed in Re Z to the interpretation of the requirement that an application be made by ‘two people’ in section 54 (1), contrasts with the ‘liberal’ approach taken in previous cases, including Re X, concerning the six month ‘time limit’ during which applications ‘must’ be made in section 54 (3). This article suggests that the judgments do not fully engage with this divergence, instead presenting the different approaches as an uncontroversial matter of statutory interpretation. The article argues that these different outcomes can be explained by the continuing policy significance of the two-parent model within the attribution of legal parenthood in cases of assisted reproduction. The article concludes that the contrasting and contradictory reasoning of these decisions illustrates the need for wholesale legislative reforms of surrogacy arrangements.
This article has been accepted for publication in Child and Family Law Quarterly in Issue 1, Vol 30, Year 2018. The final published version of this article will be published and made publicly available here 24 months after its publication date, under a CC-BY-NC licence.
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Russia: Julia – I won’t break (Rehearsals, interview, video and gallery)
Team Lisbon 2018 / 1st May 2018 at 15:41 / Eurovision Song Contest / Russia
Julia Samoylova (Russia 2018)
Julia finally has arrived on the Eurovision stage after all last years controversies. A huge welcome to her, with the background of the poor vocals shambles in Moscow, the expectation on what she will deliver was high. Add to that, the pressure of Russia always managing to qualify – all eyes has been on Julia in both her first and second rehearsals.
3 Second rehearsals
4 First Rehearsal
5 How Julia Samoylova was selected
6 Russia at the Eurovision Song Contest
Russia is competing in the second semi-final in position number six. They are represented by Julia Samoylova and her song I Won’t Break, which is written by Netta Nimrodi, Leonid Gutkin and Arie Burshtein.
Second rehearsals
Opinions expressed during our second rehearsal coverage are personal from the mentioned writers.
Jens Erik, Denmark (in the press center) I admit, it does sound better at the second rehearsal than it did at the first one some days ago. But I still don’t think, that Julia’s voice is strong enough for Eurovision. The song itself is sweet and pleasant, but unfortunately for Russia is not a song you remember, when you cast your vote after hearing 18 songs. It could be the year Russia wouldn’t qualify for the first time ever.
Michael, United Kingdom (in the arena) The power house that is Russia sends this fragile gentle song this year, even if it has an empowering message. The verses are not an issue and the chorus sounds much better now. The dancers are a waste of space, they could have sent two more singers instead. After hearing it in the arena, had it been any other country thus would not qualify. It is on the borderline.
First Rehearsal
The press room fell silent as the Russian rehearsals started. Only one question was on everyone’s minds – was she sitting on an iceberg or a mountain? Julia started singing with no issues but soon that chorus came in, and it’s now clear that the words I Won’t Break are simply impossible to sing in tune. This song must surely come on after a break as it will take forever to set up the staging.
Julia looked very small on the large stage, so to help she filled up some of the space with two ballet dancers. Several countries have tried that trick before, yet none have had any success with it, so it’s unclear why Russia would do that. However by the time you ponder that question, the chorus is back and you wonder what notes will be sung this time round.
The verses are quite melodic, the writers obviously weren’t seeing the difficulty of the chorus even if it only has there words. This is Russia, anyone brave enough to say that it will be it’s first non-qualifier, or are we already wondering will it be in the first or second half of the final. So there it is, pick a note and go for it, I Won’t Break.
How Julia Samoylova was selected
Julia was already selected to represent Russia at the 2017 Eurovision Song Contest, but following an illegal entry to Crimea, host country Ukraine denied her access to their country. EBU was unable to deal with the situation, and as such Russia withdrew from the contest.
Shortly after, Russian broadcaster stated they intended
to let Julia Samoylova represent them in 2018 – and that they lived up to and internally selected her for the Eurovision Song Contest in Lisbon. Her song I Won’t Break was revealed in March.
See alsoRussia confirms Julia Samoylova for Eurovision 2018 – Is the controversy over?
Russia at the Eurovision Song Contest
In 1994, Youddiph represented Russia in their Eurovision debut. She finished 9th in the final and is a part of Russia’s impressive 12 top 10 results in just 20 appearances. In the five years from 2012 to 2016 included, the country never did worse than a 7th place.
Since the introduction of semi-finals in 2004, Russia never failed to qualify from the semi-final to final. They won the Eurovison Song Contest once, in 2008 with the song Believe where Dima Bilan represented the country for a second time. The country however four times ended up in second place; first in the year 2000 where Alsou’s Solo only lost out to Denmark’s Olsen Brothers. In 2006, Dima Bilan came second, and the same happened to Party For Everybody in 2012 and to Polina Gagarina’s beautiful A Million Voices in 2015.
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North Macedonia decided – it’s Vasil Garganliev for Rotterdam
From Suriname to Eurovision: Jeangu Macrooy to represent the Netherlands
1st May 2018 in Eurovision Song Contest. Tags: I Won't Break, Julia Samoylova, Updated Countries: Russia
On the road to… The Netherlands
Following Duncan Laurence's victory, the prepations for the 2020 Eurovision Song Contest are in full swing in the Netherlands. Whether you will attend as a visitor or watch it in front of the TV screen, a fantastic event is awating you. Below we have gathered a collection of articles about the preparations, to keep you updated on what to expect.
41 countries will Open Up in Rotterdam at the Eurovision Song Contest 2020
Julia finally has arrived on the Eurovision stage after all last years controversies. A huge welcome to her, with the background of the poor vocals shambles in Moscow, the expectation on what she will deliver was high. Add to that, the pressure of Russia always managing to qualify – all eyes has been on Julia… Read more
Eurovision 2020: Open Up slogan revealed
First 2020 participant announced: Hooverphonic to represent Belgium
Rotterdam to host the Eurovision Song Contest 2020
Host cities to meet urgent Friday deadline before final decision can be made
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27th July 2019 at 10:59 Ashleigh Kobevko
Sergey Lazarev performs Russian version of Scream
13th June 2019 at 15:33 Charlotte Jensen
Poll – Eurovision 2010s: The favourite Russian entry this decade is…
3rd June 2019 at 17:08 Charlotte Jensen
Eurovision 2010 – 2019: The best scoring countries this decade
30th May 2019 at 21:17 Charlotte Jensen
5 years ago – what has become of Eurovision’s Top 10 from 2014?
24th May 2019 at 17:38 Ashleigh Kobevko
If another country had suddenly won, the Netherlands would keep trophy and right to host
23rd May 2019 at 20:27 Charlotte Jensen
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Duncan Laurence and the Netherlands win 2019 Eurovision Song Contest
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Favourite Eurovision winner the past decade?
2010: Lena Meyer-Landrut - Satellite (Germany)
2011: Ell & Nikki - Running Scared (Azerbaijan)
2012: Loreen - Euphoria (Sweden)
2013: Emmelie de Forest - Only Teardrops (Denmark)
2014: Conchita Wurst - Rise Like A Phoenix (Austria)
2015: Måns Zelmerlöw - Heroes (Sweden)
2016: Jamala - 1944 (Ukraine)
2017: Salvador Sobral - Amar Pelos Dois (Portugal)
2018: Netta Barzilai - Toy (Israel)
2019: Duncan Laurance - Arcade (The Netherlands)
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Reliable news you can count on, In-depth articles, 2D and 3D videos... all from the world of Eurovision.
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Cardi B and British star Ella Mai among winners at BET Awards
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British star Ella Mai described her success in the US as “insane” following the popularity of her song Boo’d Up.
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Exploring Castles
UK Castles
Life in a Castle
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Home » UK » England » Bodiam Castle
Bodiam Castle: Discover the Secrets of this Moated Medieval Masterpiece
Chances are that you’ll have already seen hundreds of photos of Bodiam Castle – even if you’ve never heard of it until right now.
Bodiam is so picture-perfect that the image of the castle, emerging from a misty moat, has been emblazoned on thousands of tourist brochures, books, chocolate boxes and tea towels, and shipped all around the world.
In fact, Bodiam is often portrayed as ‘the perfect English castle’ – a jostling crowd of tall, grey stone towers protected by square battlements, secured with a round drum tower at each corner, and wrapped in a reflective moat.
It’s just as impressive in real life as it is in the pictures. When I visited in Autumn 2012, a crowd of American tourists literally stood agog in front of Bodiam – speechless as it’s all-too-perfect exterior.
Don’t be too seduced, though: appearances are deceptive, and the genius of Bodiam Castle only becomes apparent when you start to look a little deeper. . .
Is Bodiam the perfect English castle? Its spectacular appearance dazzles tourists from both the UK and much further afield.
A Formidable Fortress or a Noble Palace? The Puzzle at the Heart of the Castle
Bodiam Castle was built from 1385, and there’s an unsolved puzzle at the very heart of the castle. Essentially, historians are pondering whether the castle’s perfect appearance is too good to be true.
One one side, some scholars argue that Bodiam was built as a Medieval romance – a grand country home designed to evoke the majesty and power of other English castles, but with little intention of ever being used in battle.
However, opposing historians counter that the castle really was a ferocious and formidable fortress, that just so happens to look perfect to the foolish minds of modern visitors.
There are four round drum-towers – one at each corner of the castle. The walls are studded with towers and other outbuildings, giving the impression of grandeur and complexity.
Academics have argued the point for many years, and no-one has drawn a definitive conclusion.
My own interpretation – although I’ll try to be balanced throughout this page- is that Bodiam was built more for spellbinding style than for battle-hardened substance.
However, whatever your interpretation, there’s no doubt that the castle is a phenomenal example of Medieval architecture. The fact that we can’t quite fathom the architect’s original purpose doesn’t make it any less authentic or impressive today.
A Moated Masterpiece in an Equally Grand Setting
Even nowadays, the approach to Bodiam Castle is remarkably impressive.
As you draw up towards the castle via the gravel car-park, it’s possible to glimpse the warm grey stone towers appearing from between wizened English oak trees. So just imagine how how spell-binding the first glimpse of the castle would have been back in the late c14th.
This is a view looking out of the Postern gate at the back of the castle – looking across the castle moat.
Sir Edward Dalyngrigge, a member of the medieval Sussex gentry, was granted license to build the castle back in 1385. Apart from his fantastic surname (akin to someone from Harry Potter), Dalyngrigge was an important member in Sussex politics, and a man of arms – he fought on numerous occasions in the Hundred Years War in Europe.
Dalyngrigge was never an important figure in national politics of England. But in 1385, likely in recognition of his military service, King Richard II gave him license to ‘crenellate’ -a license which allowed the creation of battlements, and thus a castle.
This is an important point for some academics. Surely a castle granted to a military man – in recognition for his military work – would naturally be designed as a defensive fortress?
One of the huge drum towers at each corner of the castle – an impressive display of the castle’s might.
There are further clues to the purpose of Bodiam. Being located in the south of England – close to the French border – logic would dictate that Bodiam was built as a military stronghold to protect us all from a future invasion from the pesky French.
However, hold your horses – some scholars have argue that the castle is so far from the coastline that this theory seems implausible – and, by 1385, the continental threat was greatly receding.
Even so, the setting of Bodiam Castle was indisputably picked with exceptional care.
Rather than just rebuild his manor-house, Dalyngrigge picked a particular spot in the middle of his land – a natural dip overlooked by a number of gently sloping hills. Why choose such a specific setting? One of the reasons was that this shallow basin was perfectly suited for a vast moat.
View of the residential rooms of Bodiam from the Gatehouse tower. Note the profusion of fireplaces built into the walls.
Built for Military Strength? The Fortifications of Bodiam
The grand moat which circles Bodiam Castle is undeniably impressive. It’s part filled by a natural spring, and perfectly encircles the entire castle – providing a stunning reflection if you’ve brought your camera (or a noisy feeding ground if you’ve bread for the vast numbers of ducks!).
There were two possible entrances to the castle across the moat – via the Postern Gate at the back of the castle (facing the modern car-park) or via the main Barbican on the opposite side of the castle.
Anyone wishing to enter via the Barbican (now demolished; it would have stood on an island separated from the main gatehouse) would have had to cross the moat using a lengthy wooden bridge which lead to this defensive tower, guarding the castle’s entrance.
The modern entrance bridge crosses to the barbican (no longer standing; it would have been upon the grassy island) and then crosses again to the main gatehouse. The medieval wooden bridge wound to the barbican in a more circuitous route.
Attackers would have struggled on approach, as the tortuous wooden walkway – which wound through the moat, rather than directly crossing it – would have made them very vulnerable to arrow-fire from the castle.
Even if the attacker made it to the Barbican, the next problem would have been entering the gatehouse. It’s likely that there’d have been a second small wooden bridge linking the two buildings – but, even past these obstacles, the Gatehouse is filled with numerous intruder-traps, including holes for boiling oil.
The defensive appearance of the castle is capped by a magnificent, round drum tower at each corner – perfect for launching arrows at attackers, or keeping a close eye on approaching intruders.
To the casual observer, then, Bodiam does appear to have been designed with defence in mind – but it’s worth having a closer inspection.
Architectural Fantasy and Tricks of the Eye: The Grandeur of Bodiam
To an untrained eye, it certainly looks like the castle moat was built with defensive intent. But this may not be the case.
Modern day scholars have discovered that the castle was built using an architectural technique called ‘forced perspective’ – an optical illusion that’s been used in many modern buildings, including all the Disneyland castles.
The behind of Bodiam Castle – you can see the Postern Gate in the middle.
Forced perspective is an intentional trick of making details in the upper reaches of a building – in this case, the upper windows and towers of Bodiam Castle – smaller than usual. Indeed, the windows in the upper floors are much too small to be used as arrow-slits; and the battlements of some of the teetering top towers are absolutely minuscule.
These disproportionate-sizes create the illusion that the building is much taller than it actually is. The trick becomes quite apparent if you stand close to the building and look up at it – the design only works when the observer is standing some distance away.
The small windows of the castle are neither designed as arrow-loops, or really sufficient to act as windows. It’s another piece of evidence of the forced perspective design.
Academics have then hazarded that the moat was an intentional bit of architectural trickery – as it forced observers to stand some distance from the castle, and to be awed by the full effect of the forced perspective.
Most modern day visitors become conscious of the trickery when they enter the castle – it’s much smaller inside than you’d ever imagine from its outer appearance.
Why go to such effort? Well, I’d argue that Bodiam was built to conjure ideas of grandeur and prestige. Forced perspective exaggerates the scale of the castle – and Sir Edward Dalyngrigge had other tricks up his sleeve which were designed to impress.
Modern day archeologists have found evidence of a series of eight, shallow water-pools surrounding the castle, which would have dazzled visitors with dramatic reflections of Bodiam seen from every angle during their approach.
You’ll find the deep, green, and perfectly circular well in the south-western drum tower of the castle. Sparkling, reflective water seems to be a motif of Bodiam Castle.
There is further archeological evidence – this time in the form of the shallow, flat-topped hill with sits behind the modern-day ticket office and museum (and is presently used as an English vineyard).
The top of the hill, evidence shows, used to be a viewing platform – perfect for gazing down at the beauty of Bodiam Castle which lay below, surrounded by glistening pools of water.
To me, this is the clinching piece of evidence that shows that Bodiam Castle was designed for looks rather than defence. There’s no doubt that this castle was the work of a genius – but a genius who wished to prove his significance in the world.
Although Bodiam has the look of a fortress, it’s really a dramatic demonstration of power and of prestige – using every architectural trick to puff itself up into dizzying performance.
The interior of Bodiam. Again, note the profusion of small turrets atop of the larger towers – lending the castle a grander and more impressive silhouette.
I believe that Sir Edward Dalyngrigge set out to build a castle to embellish his name and prove his importance – and, 600 years later, thanks to the genius of Bodiam Castle, he remains unforgotten. I’m sure that’s exactly what he would have wished for!!
Visiting Bodiam Castle Today
If you’re interested in visiting Bodiam Castle today, you’ll really need your own transport at your disposal. The castle is on the outskirts of the small village of Bodiam, on the border of East Sussex and Kent. It’s about a 30m drive from Maidstone or Tunbridge Wells.
For a more interesting approach, a steam railway runs between Bodiam and the picturesque nearby town of Tenterden.
The railway, which is seasonal, runs impressive steam trains through the some beautiful spots in the Kent countryside and finishes up around a 10min walk from the castle entrance.
Me, clearly getting a bit too excited about reading a massive wooden book inside Bodiam. You certainly couldn’t steal that thing.
You could drive to Tenterden and do the railway and subsequently the castle as a day-trip from there. Tenterden is full of historic B&Bs and pretty lodgings, and is much more pleasant than some of the rather depressed country towns and villages elsewhere in Kent.
When planning your day out, do be warned that there’s not much else to do in Bodiam, save for an okay-ish pub opposite the castle, called the Castle Inn.
The castle itself is managed by the National Trust, and has an obligatory chintzy tea-room out front. There’s a good museum opposite the main castle entrance, and inside the castle you’ll find a few interesting exhibits and an interesting informational DVD recording.
Architectural Tricks, French Conquests, And Even More Secrets of Bodiam Castle…
What plunder made Sir Edward Dalyngrigge so rich?
What other architectural tricks were used in Bodiam Castle?
And why was Dalyngrigge’s mentor – Sir Robert Knowles – so reviled?
If you’d like to unearth more mysteries of Bodiam Castle, you need my first print book, Exploring English Castles.
Enjoying Exploring Castles? Then Buy My Book!
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Bodiam Castle is a magic, late Medieval moated masterpiece, and one of the most famous castles in England. Discover its secrets....
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etusivu / Ajankohtaista / Brasilia hautaa hiilidioksidin...
Brasilia hautaa hiilidioksidin talteenottosuunnitelman
Brazil buries carbon plan
A proposal supported by the UAE to fund the fight against climate change
by burying carbon pollution underground has been blocked by a powerful,
perhaps insurmountable foe: Brazil.
Climate negotiators are in
the German city of Bonn this week debating a stalled proposal to award
UN-administered carbon credits to projects that capture and bury carbon
dioxide.
The move would richly reward the UAE, which plans to
build the world’s first nationwide carbon-capture network but had looked
to international funding to help defray its cost of billions of
dollars.
If Brazil maintains the veto it disclosed last week in
an official filing, the rule change is unlikely to proceed this year,
experts said. The proposal had already been put on hold on a number of
occasions, including the Copenhagen climate summit last December.
has worked behind the scenes to delay the proposal for years, analysts
say, but declared open war in a submission to the UN Framework
Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).
The plan to steer credits
to carbon capture projects through the Clean Development Mechanism
(CDM), a funding scheme, amounted to “subsidies to enhance fossil fuel
production”, Brazil claimed. “[Carbon capture and storage] technologies
have implications which are incompatible with the nature and
characteristics of CDM project activities,” Brazilian negotiators wrote.
capture systems use chemical processes to divert the carbon dioxide
produced by a power station or other industrial facility and concentrate
it for underground injection, usually in an aquifer or an oil and gas
reservoir.
In a shot seemingly aimed at the OPEC states, the
negotiators added: “Brazil believes that [the] CDM was not conceived for
giving subsidies to oil and natural gas production through, in
particular, countries with on-shore production and very low costs of
The rule change is not imminent, said Antto Vihma, a climate researcher at
the Finnish Institute of International Affairs in Helsinki. “I’m
positive it’s not going to happen this year,” he said. “The pressure has
been there for a long time for the inclusion in the CDM and there is
nothing groundbreaking on the table right now.
consensus-based process and Brazil is not isolated; it gets a fair
amount of backing from the Alliance of Small Island States.”
producers and the coal industry, along with international bodies such
as the International Energy Agency, have endorsed carbon capture as the
most viable means to combat climate change by taking the carbon out of
the emissions of fossil fuels that provide most of the world’s energy.
and others, however, say the technology’s promise to seal emissions
permanently underground is unproven and the money for carbon capture
would be better spent on carbon-free energy sources such as solar power.
Brazilians said they also were concerned that a flood of new carbon
credits could cause a collapse in prices of the credits, which are
traded on an open market in Europe and bought by polluters to offset
their emissions.
Brazil has a financial interest in the carbon
market as it is the third-largest seller of CDM credits worldwide. It
earns more than €266 million (Dh1.17 billion) a year by selling the
credits at current prices, based on statistics from the CDM website. The
country is in a position to earn billions of euros more in coming years
for its efforts to slow deforestation.
UN experts are meeting to
determine technical aspects of a climate change treaty. Heads of state
and high-level politicians will gather in Mexico in December to take
another crack at reaching a new international treaty on reducing
emissions. They will rely on the drafts that come out of this week’s
talks.
Funding for carbon capture is only one issue among dozens
being debated, but the technology needs to take off in the developing
world if it is to have a significant impact on combating global warming,
said Chandran Vigneswaran, a spokesman for the Global Carbon Capture
and Storage Institute, an industry group based in Australia.
carbon capture and storage, the task of the world in reducing its
emissions is extremely difficult, and without the developing world
investing in carbon capture it is near impossible,” he said.
Brazil’s
filing left open the door to a compromise, noting that carbon capture
in developing countries “could be developed in another framework, using
special financial mechanisms, funding and partnerships under the UNFCCC,
but not as an offset mechanism”.
Sam Nader, the director of
carbon at Masdar, Abu Dhabi’s clean energy firm, is a member of the
UAE’s negotiating team at climate talks and said last month the country
would look to secure alternative funding streams for carbon capture and
storage in this year’s talks.
“Carbon capture and storage is like
putting an insurance policy on hydrocarbon industry,” Mr Nader said
recently. “When you contribute in developing and deploying the
technology that will make gas-fired or oil-fired [plants] clean, you are
assuring their continuation.”
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Jesus Christ Superstar DVD
Jesus Christ Superstar is a phenomenon: a brilliant example of modern moviemaking that translates a legendary rock opera to the screen. Told entirely in song images and music the story focuses on the last week of Christ's life his betrayal and crucifixion seen from the point of view of Judas. Producer-director Norman Jewison shot his film entirely on location in Israel and fills the screen with a never-ending series of dazzling images.
Directors Norman Jewison
Actors Ted Neely, Carl Anderson, Yvonne Elliman, Josh Mostel, Barry Dennen
Publisher Universal Pictures Video
Runtime 102 minutes
Features Collectors Edition, PAL, Widescreen
Please note this is a region 2 DVD and will require a region 2 (Europe) or region Free DVD Player in order to play Jesus Christ Superstar is a phenomenon a brilliant example of modern moviemaking that translates a legendary rock opera to the screen Told entirely in song images and music the story focuses on the last week of Christ&39;s life his betrayal and crucifixion seen from the point of view of Judas Producer-director Norman Jewison shot his film entirely on location in Israel and fills the screen with a never-ending series of dazzling images Actors Ted Neeley Carl Anderson Yvonne Elliman Barry Dennen Bob Bingham Larry Marshall Josh Mostel & Kurt Yaghjian Director Norman Jewison Certificate PG Year 1973 Screen Widescreen 2351 Anamorphic Languages English - Dolby Digital Surround Subtitles English for the hearing impaired Duration 1 hour and 42 minutes (approx)
The Andrew Lloyd Webber/Tim Rice rock opera about the life and death of Christ is brought to the big-screen after success on Shaftesbury Avenue and Broadway. The story of Christ's (Ted Neely) last week on Earth is told by a group of travellers who arrive in modern-day Jerusalem on a tour bus. Events are seen from the perspective of Apostle Judas, who betrays Jesus to the Judaic religious leaders in return for thirty pieces of silver. Songs include 'I Don't Know How to Love Him', 'Hosanna', 'Herod's Song' and the now-famous theme tune.
More DVDs Directed by Norman Jewison
Agnes of God - Collector's Edition
The Thomas Crown Affair
More Titles Starring Ted Neely
More Titles Starring Carl Anderson
Joe Zawinul And The Zawinul Syndicate - Live At The Munich Philharmonie
More Titles Starring Yvonne Elliman
More Titles Starring Josh Mostel
More Titles Starring Barry Dennen
Monster Squad: The Complete Series
Enter your review of Jesus Christ Superstar [1973]. We will post your review within a day or so as long as it meets our guidelines and terms and conditions. All reviews submitted become the licensed property of www.find-dvd.co.uk as written in our terms and conditions. None of your personal details will be passed on to any other third party.
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The plunderer - Jadeja's 22-run over
Dhawan replaced by Shaw and Samson for New Zealand tour
India T20Is a chance to test New Zealand's depth - Ross Taylor
23hUmar Farooq
ESPN Staff
Electrifying passages revisits ten great passages of play that exemplify the intensity and passion of the rivalry between India and Pakistan ...
Ajay Jadeja entered a different zone late in the first half of the World Cup quarter-final, and successive Waqar overs went for 18 and 22 as India spurted to 287. Pakistan managed 248 in reply.
I just was in the zone during that knock. Everything went according to a perfectly executed script, except that it didn't go the distance - I got out on the second ball of the last over.
I went in to bat when there were about eight overs left. Scoring against the Pakistani pace bowlers at the death was difficult. I was good at playing spin and Mushy [Mushtaq Ahmed] still had one over left to bowl, so it was too early to go for the shots. I concentrated on playing from ball to ball.
Then Nayan Mongia was run out in the 46th over and things turned around. In the 48th over, bowled by Waqar, I received a half-volley first ball, which I dispatched through the covers. From there on, everything I hit was perfect. I knew Waqar would not try to do too much and would rely mostly on his stock ball, the inswinging yorker. The first of the two sixes I hit in that over came against that ball. I picked it up early, stepped out, and flicked it over midwicket.
I was just playing my instinctive game that day, which I believe was the best in that situation, and it worked accordingly.
Interviewed by Nagraj Gollapudi.
Rashid Latif
Jadeja's innings probably ranks as one of the best I have seen in ODIs, up there with Sanath Jayasuriya's century off us in Singapore that year. But Jadeja's innings was played under much greater pressure and in very different circumstances. As a wicketkeeper, I would always be calculating in my head what type of score we should restrict the opponent to at various stages in the game. When Jadeja came in, India were 200 for 4 in the 42nd over and I really thought we could keep them to 240-250, especially with Waqar and Aaqib Javed to bowl the last overs. But Jadeja just went berserk - in Waqar's ninth over, he hit a couple of orthodox shots as well as some unorthodox ones through midwicket. Waqar seemed under pressure, probably the first time I have seen him like that during the death overs, and the score just went out of our hands.
Jadeja usually liked to chat a bit, and we got on well anyway, but that day he didn't say anything - he just did it.
Latif made 26 in the game. Interviewed by Osman Samiuddin.
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Mechanical Engineering >>
MECH270 Exam: Practice Q's
helpful long answer questions from MECH 270
Additional Mechanical Engineering Flashcards
Name the four methods of strengthening metals discussed in this course
Precipitate Strengthening, cold working, grain size strengthening, and solute hardening (interstitials)
What is the key objective of strengthening on a microscopic scale
To reduce the mobility of dislocations.
Explain ONE of the four methods of strengthening
Precipitate Strengthening: Involves the introduction of precipitates into a host lattice. These precipitates function as obstacles for dislocations. The applied stress must then be great enough for the dislocation to cut through the particle or bow between particles.
Cold Working: Involves putting plastic strain into a material such as rolling to introduce dislocations into the material. By adding dislocations you make it more difficult for dislocations to move once a stress is applied as they entangle with each other.
Grain Size Strengthening: Involves the reduction in size of the grains. As grain boundaries represent barriers to slip (they are not aligned perfectly and often are at great angles to the burgers vector) they prevent movement of dislocations from one grain to the next. By having more grain boundaries it is more difficult for dislocations to glide and requires more stress.
Solute Hardening: Involves the introduction of interstitials into the host lattice. These particles move to the dislocations and relieve stress. A small solute atom has an attractive interaction with the compressive strain field of a dislocation and a large solute atom has an attractive interaction with the tensile strain field of an edge dislocation. This attraction results in a lower energy state for the dislocation so when a stress is applied, it must be greater than the attraction in order for the dislocation to move.
(d) Pairs of moving dislocation can interact with one another. One example result of this is the interaction of dislocation pinning; another example is dislocation repulsion. Choose one of these two example interaction and use a simple sketch to help explain why it occurs.
Dislocation Pinning: When the compressive and tensile strain fields of two dislocations line up perfectly, the effect is a cancelling out of all the strain or some of the strain.
Dislocation Repulsion: When compressive-compressive strain field’s line up there is a repulsion effect as no stress is relieved by coming together and it would put the dislocation at a higher energy state which is energetically unfavourable.
2. For any given metal, a certain critical (minimum) amount of cold working is required before recrystallization can occur (regardless of the recrystallization temperature employed).
Sketch and explain the relationship
The more strain placed into the material results in more dislocation and hence more places for nucleating to occur. Therefore the more plastic strain results in smaller grain sizes. The minimum strain is required because there needs to be a driving force for recrystallization to
occur. If there aren’t many dislocations then there would be no reason for new grain growth, ie. It wouldn’t be energetically favourable.
What is the driving force for recovery
A reduction in free energy by movement of dislocations to grain boundaries.
Draw a characteristic stress-strain curve for a typical semi-crystalline polymer (also called a plastic polymer). Label the yield and tensile strengths.
[image]
State where plastic deformation starts within the semi-crystalline polymer, explain why and describe what happens at the microscopic level during the first stage (only) of plastic deformation. Include as sketch or two, if needed.
The plastic deformation occurs in the crystalline regions where a shear force causes them to plastically deform and break into small pieces. The adjacent chains in lamella slide past one another breaking any of the weak secondary forces such as van der Waals.
The properties of a specific polymer can vary hugely between different products. For example polyethylene can be used for shopping bags and for bullet-proof vests. State two key differences in the structure of the polyethylene contained in these two products, and explain why this leads to the differing properties.
Molecular densities increase TS as more chains have to unravel. Cross linking makes it harder for polymer chains to slide past one another.
State two types of material that undergo a transition where they are brittle below some critical temperature, but are not brittle above that temperature. For steel, briefly explain why this abrupt transition in toughness occurs.
Steel (bcc) and semi-crystalline polymers.
This occurs in bcc steel as bcc has no close packed planes. However with the addition of temperature there is enough thermal energy to cause vibrations allowing bcc to behave as fcc, which has many close-packed planes required for slip.
Explain the reason for the characteristic C-shaped curve of the TTT diagram.
There are two competing effect that form the C. The driving force is the undercooling; so for low temperatures there is large undercool resulting in large amounts of free energy. The system mobility is diffusion which is greater for higher temperatures. Therefore a medium temperature results in the quickest and optimal formation of the grains.
Pearlite and bainite are both equilibrium two-phase microstructures comprised of ferrite and cementite. With reference to your answer to the shape of the TTT curve, explain what is different about the two microstructures.
The difference between the formations of the two is a result of the difference in temperature. For pearlite the temperature is higher so there is more diffusion and less undercooling resulting in more growth. Conversely for bainite, there is more under cool at a lower temperature so there is more of a driving factor resulting in many nucleation points and less growth. So bainite has much finer grains.
All of the martensite transformation lines are horizontal on the TTT curve. Explain the reason for this shape.
The reason for the horizontal lines is because the transition is time independent. The transformation is only dependent on temperature as no diffusion can occur at such low temperatures.
Explain how plastic deformation is produced in metals at the microscopic scale. Be specific about the microscopic feature(s) and mechanism(s) involved.
Plastic deformation is produced in metals by an applied stress causing the movement of dislocations along closed packed planes. The result is permanent deformation that does not revert when the load is removed.
Compare the effect of temperature on the plastic deformation behaviour of BCC and FCC metals. Explain your answer.
BCC metals have no close packed planes, while FCC does. So at low temperatures FCC has much easier slip. However as the temperature increase there in more thermal energy and the BCC atoms vibrate enough to behave like closed packed planes so the slip is similar to FCC.
Explain the mechanism of recovery, in terms of dislocation movement.
In recovery the dislocations move to the grain boundaries and compressive and tensile stain fields line up in configurations that are more energetically favourable.
State what effect recovery has on the mechanical properties of a metal.
Recovery is the start of the process of annealing which reverses the effect of the cold work done on the material. Specifically it would increase the ductility of the metal and decrease the strength.
The properties of composites depend on the properties of the two phases in the composite, matrix and reinforcement, and on the volume fraction of the two phases. The goal of making a composite is usually to improve the properties of the material relative to the matrix.
Give an example of a composite and state what property is improved.
Fibre-Glass: Increases yield strength and tensile strength.
For aligned glass-fibres in an epoxy matrix, explain if you would expect a composite with long fibres to be stiffer or less stiff than a composite with short fibres (same volume fraction of fibres).
You would expect a composite with long fibres to be stiffer, that is have a larger young’s modulus when compared to a composite with short fibres. The reason is because composites with short fibres offer almost no resistance to applied stress and the matrix deforms around them without transferring any stress to the fibres.
Aligned fibre composites show anisotropy in their behaviour. i) They show different strengths in tension and compression when loaded along the fibre direction. ii) They show different strengths when loaded in tension along the fibre direction compared to being loaded in tension perpendicular to the fibre direction. Explain why.
The reason composites show different strength in tension and compression when loaded along the fibre direction is because in compression long fibres buckle under the stress cause fracture in the fibres, while in tension there is no opportunity for buckling.
II) The reason for this is usually because the fibres are directional themselves. So their strength is in the direction they are oriented. In the case of the transverse direction the fibres have little strength and often the matrix itself is stronger. They can also not effectively distribute the applied stress.
Explain why the strength of a ceramic is found to be less when tested in tension that in compression.
For compressive stresses, there is no stress amplification associated with any existent flaws. For this reason, brittle ceramics display much higher strengths in compression than in tension. This means that there are primarily cracks that would be open in tension rather than in compression.
State the two key microstructural requirements for a polymer to behave as an elastomer and explain why they are required.
Elastomers must have an amorphous structure and be above the glass transition temperature. They must have an amorphous structure because the deformation of amorphous structures is purely elastic. They must also be above the glass transition temperature because the chains must be able to slide past each other in deformation, which requires chain rotation.
Explain why an elastomer deformed at temperatures below some critical value (dependent on the polymer) will appear brittle.
This temperature, known as the glass transition temperature is the point at which chains of polymers can slide past one another. Below this temperature elastomers will appear brittle as during the deformation there will be no or little elastic deformation which is typically brought on by the unravelling of the many chains. Below Tg the chains are locked in place.
Explain why, in general, it is easier to recycle thermoplastic polymers than thermosetting polymers.
t is easier to recycle thermoplastic polymers because they can be re-melted and cast into something new while thermosetting polymers are “stuck” in their solid phase. Heat will not melt thermosetting polymers.
Precipitation hardening is only possible in alloys, for example some of those based on Al.
State the two features needed to produce precipitation hardening in a given alloy?
The two feature required are an interstitial that can be distributed uniformly throughout the host lattice and the interstitial must have decreasing solubility with decreasing temperature (so it comes out as a precipitate, not another phase).
explain in terms of changes to the microstructure if the strength of a precipitation hardened Al alloy increase or decreases during over-aging.
The strength of the Al would decrease with over-aging, as the precipitates would have enough time to diffuse together and agglomerate. This would be more energetically favourable but the precipitates would be too big and not evenly distributed enough to prevent slip, thus causing a reduction in strength.
On a common set of axes, draw typical engineering and true stress-strain curves for a metal. Label the key features on these curves.
On a separate set of axes from part (a), sketch engineering stress-strain curve for a metal with high toughness and one with low toughness. What is the one keep characteristic of these curves that indicates their relative level of toughness?
The area under a stress strain curve is an approximate value for the toughness of the material. The material with larger ductility also has much greater area and therefore a higher level of toughness.
All BCC metals exhibit a ductile-to-brittle transition in their deformation behaviour. Define this concept and fully explain why it occurs for this particular crystal structure.
This is the ductile-brittle transition temperature. Occurs in BCC metals because they have one slip plane that is almost close-packed and with thermal energy it behaves that way, allowing for ductile deformation.
Explain the concept of recovery. Be sure to mention the driving force for this phenomenon.
The driving force for recovery is free energy. The dislocations move to locations at the grain boundaries where they can be configured in energetically favourable positions.
If a metal is cold worked and then held at high temperatures, does the amount of cold work affect the rate of grain growth that occurs? Explain your answer.
Yes, more cold work means more dislocations and more places for nucleation... therefore small grains.
What is the driving force for diffusion?
Are diffusion rates for interstitial atoms generally higher or lower than rate for substitutional atoms? Explain.
nterstitial atoms usually have a high diffusion rate. There is an energy barrier for the atoms to diffuse from its present site to a neighboring site. This barrier must be overcome by thermal energy – hence higher temperature means higher diffusion rate. Conversely for substitutional atoms to diffuse they need to overcome an energy barriers and have a vacancy beside them. Therefore the rate is slower than interstitial.
What is the crystal structure of martensite? Explain how and why this structure can be produced in plain carbon steel.
Martensite is formed when austenite held at a temperature greater than the eutectic is quenched to room temperature. The quickness of the quench doesn’t allow for any of the carbon atoms to diffuse, and as a result they are “stuck” in place. As the carbon atoms are locked in place, there is a distortion in the crystal lattice structure. This results in the transformation of the FCC austenite to BCT (Body Centred Tetragonal) instead of BCC. The effect of this is a great increase in strength and a reduction in ductility as the distorted lattice structure does not allow for any slip (there are no close packed planes for dislocations).
If a sample of martensite is re-heated to a moderate temperature eg. 600°C, the martensite progressively transforms into a new microstructure? What is the name of the composition of this new microstructure? Include a sketch of the microstructure.
If the Martensite is reheated (Tempered) to around 300 °C some of the carbon atoms can diffuse. This results in the formation of α and Fe3C with very fine grain sizes. Since the grain sizes are so small there are many grain boundaries so the tempered Martensite is almost as strong but is much more ductile due to α. However, if the martensite is over tempered then all or almost of the carbon diffuses out and the Martensite is converted to α and Fe3C. Since over tempering takes a long time, the α and Fe3C grains grow too big resulting in a reduction in strength
What are the two stages in the formation of any new phase (ie. Phase transformation)? On a properly labelled set of axes, sketch a typical Avrami-type curve that governs the phase transformation process
Nucleation and grain growth.
With the aid of a simple sketch, define the term branched polymer.
Branched polymers have side chains “branching” from the parent chain.
For a typical semi-crystalline polymer, what three changes in stress-strain behaviour are caused by an increase in temperature?
Increasing the temperature results in a decrease in elastic modulus and tensile strength as well as an increase in ductility.
For a linear polymer, such as polyethylene, describe three ways that the structure can be altered, without changing the chemical composition, in order to increase the polymer strength.
Without changing the chemical composition, the polymer’s strength could be increased by making the chains longer, allowing for slower cool so that there is a higher degree of crystallinity, pre-deform by drawing, and by annealing. Annealing promotes more inter-chain bonding.
describe one type of point defect that can occur in a ceramic.
Frenkel Defect- Cation out of place
Shottky Defect- Paired set of anion and cation vacancies
Interstitial occurs when there is a cation out of place, however it must stay close to the vacancy. A vacancy occurs when there is a cation and anion pair missing. Again they two locations must stay close together and move as a pair.
Explain the one key deformation property that enables amorphous ceramics (glasses) to be blown into intricate shapes. What minimum temperature is required for glass blowing?
They can be melted into a viscous liquid. The temperature required is 1600 degrees Celsius.
define the term anisotropy in the context of fibre-reinforced composites.
Anisotropic means that the properties of a material are directional. In the case of fibre composites this occurs when the fibres are continuous and in one direction.
During the process of annealing, explain how the grains actually grow.
An energy is associated with grain boundaries. As grains increase in size, the total boundary area decreases, yielding an attendant reduction in the total energy; this is the driving force for grain growth. Grain growth occurs by the migration of grain boundaries. Obviously, not all grains can enlarge, but large ones grow at the expense of small ones that shrink. Thus, the average grain size increases with time, and at any particular instant there will exist a range of grain sizes. Boundary motion is just the short-range diffusion of atoms from one side of the boundary to the other.
Explain the origin of the ‘cup and cone’ characteristic failure in a metal.
The cup and cone failure in a metal is typical of ductile metals.
Explain why the ductility of pure Al is significantly higher than the ductility of Al most alloys.
Most Al alloys are made through precipitate strengthening which increases the strength of the material, but decreases the ductility.
At low stresses a value of n = 1, while at somewhat higher values of applied stress a value of n = 5 is often found for the steady state creep equation. Explain why the value of n changes.
The reason for the change is due to the nature of the creep at the different stresses. For low stresses, the creep is typically driven diffusion, where the applied stress isn’t enough for dislocation motion. Conversely at higher stress the creep is driven by the motion of the dislocations, leading to a faster creep rate and therefore a high value of n.
Polymer X has a typical ‘brittle’ behaviour, while Polymer Y has a typical ‘plastic’ behaviour. Explain the differences between these polymers in terms of their bonding that might lead to this different behaviour.
Polymer X could have more crystalline regions that polymer Y. Additionally Polymer X could have cross links between adjacent chains or could be a network polymer, both which prevent the movement of chains past one another during deformation and this increase the strength at the cost of ductility.
Explain what is typically different about the point defects in ceramics compared to those found in metals.
Point defects in ceramics must maintain the charge neutrality.
Ionic ceramics can have a large range of structures; list the two characteristics that control the crystal structure of a given ionic ceramic.
Two characteristics of the component ions in crystalline ceramic materials influence the crystal structure: the magnitude of the electrical charge on each of the component ions, and the relative sizes of the cations and anions.
Creep can occur in a pure metal sample by a mechanism of self-diffusion. At an atomic level, what are the two necessary conditions for self-diffusion?
There needs to be enough thermal energy in order to overcome the energy barrier for the jump and there needs to be a vacancy next to the atom.
Certain ionically-bonded ceramics are comprised of BCC or FCC crystal structures, which means they theoretically contain the same sets of slip systems as BCC or FCC metals. However, these ceramics are not able to produce plastic deformation. Explain why.
Ceramics are not able to produce plastic deformation as any motion of point defects must maintain the charge neutrality. Additionally ceramics typically fail before plastic deformation due to crack propagation.
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News Chevron Right
5 Insights from the Hungry Mind of David Lynch
By Courtney Balestier
© Moviestore collection Ltd / Alamy
Last week David Lynch revealed that Twin Peaks will return in 2016, and fans of murder mysteries, prescient dwarves and Kyle MacLachlan rejoiced—as did lovers of damn fine coffee and cherry pie. In fact, from his former Big Boy milk shake-a-day habit to his eponymous (and peculiarly promoted) coffee line, Lynch is a man of many epicurean quirks. These are some of his most notable over the years:
1. Portion Control is Key
Food & Wine asked Lynch what he ate for lunch and he said he had a soup of parsley, zucchini, green beans and celery, as well as seven almonds. Why seven? “Well, I like the number seven, and so, you know, it just seems like the right amount.”
2. Eat Your Quinoa
David Lynch can even make an instructional video on cooking quinoa surreal. The slightly off-putting music that runs in the background gives you the feeling that there is something not quite right in his kitchen. Maybe Bob is lurking around the corner.
3. Crisp That Bacon
As you may recall, agent Dale Cooper took his bacon super crispy and so does Lynch. He went into great detail about all his favorite sandwiches, but at the top of the list is a BLT whose bacon is “almost burned and snappable.”
4. Drink the Good Stuff
In 2012, Lynch collaborated with Dom Pérignon to design a limited edition Champagne release, for which he shot experimental photos and called the Champers’ taste “complicated and beautiful.”
5. When In New York, Eat Egg Salad
In typical enigmatic, Lynchian style, when the New York Observer asked him what he likes to do when he’s in New York, Lynch didn’t say he enjoyed the museums or the theater. He said he liked to eat egg salad sandwiches. “New York deli food is, you know…big. It’s a lot of food. Solid.” Hard to argue with that.
Related: 5 Movies that Didn't Measure up to Their Video Games
10 Ways to Survive Dinner with Your Partner's Awful Friends
5 Movies That Totally Embody Summer
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EDEN'S CHILDREN
SWEET DANDELION
SWDDL 717LP SWDDL 717LP
"We are proud to present the first album by Boston's most exciting trio, reissued for the first time with its original gatefold cover. Getting rare now as an original, and unavailable to many, it failed to sell after its release despite a good welcome by critics. After more than 40 years the album stands the weight of time and provides nine robust songs with all the fuzz you can ask for, a constant pounding drum beat and even some Eastern influences. The record is probably worth it alone for the great guitar playing of Richard Schamack 'Sham' and its cool psychedelic cover. Limited to 500 copies, with remastered sound and preserving the original gatefold artwork."
Other releases on SWEET DANDELION
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Collaboration for Conservation
February 27, 2017 Tree Talk Blog
By Kathy Abusow, President and CEO of the Sustainable Forestry Initiative Inc.
Canada’s boreal forest is part of each of our lives every day. The boreal forest filters the air we breathe and cleans the water we drink. It provides wildlife habitat and improves our quality of life through recreation and its astounding natural beauty.
I’m encouraged that so many people agree with my view that the boreal forest must be conserved and managed responsibly. I also see an ever-growing understanding that responsibly sourced forest products from certified forests advance environmental and societal causes, and also produce quality products from a renewable resource.
A life’s work
Conserving the boreal forest has been at the centre of my life for 25 years and I’m thankful to be able to look back on all the progress that has been made on behalf of this precious natural resource. Today, forest managers understand that earning a social licence to operate, caring about environmental credibility, respecting Indigenous rights, and operating transparently and openly are non-negotiable.
What inspires me the most about the future of Canada’s boreal forest is the growing understanding that we can achieve more through collaboration than confrontation. I am reminded of this regularly as our network of collaborators continues to expand every year. In 2015 alone, SFI Program Participants were involved in 400 different conservation and research projects with more than 500 unique partner organizations including conservation, government, community, indigenous, academic and research groups.
Conservation and community grants
We have also expanded our knowledge of critical issues and how best to address them through collaborative initiatives that have taken place under the auspices of the SFI Conservation & Community Partnerships Grant Program. It is a program where conservation groups and researchers bring to us their best ideas about how to restore a species, or measure the conservation impact of managed forests so we can apply this knowledge.
Since the program began in 2010, SFI has awarded 53 Conservation and 49 Community Partnership grants totaling more than $3.4 million to foster conservation and community-building projects. The total investment exceeds $13.2 million when we count the funds leveraged by the groups we collaborate with.
Standing with conservation leaders
We work with leading environmental groups on issues of relevance to Canada’s boreal including Ducks Unlimited Canada, the Nature Conservancy of Canada and Bird Studies Canada to name just a few.
Support from SFI helped Ducks Unlimited Canada produce a field guide for resource roads and develop best practices to ensure they don’t negatively impact boreal wetlands.
SFI is investing in research on vernal pools with the Nature Conservancy of Canada to address amphibian decline. Through DNA testing of vernal pools in the Kenauk Nature Reserve we can identify those pools with the highest and most significant amphibian biological diversity and actively manage for their conservation. The Kenauk Nature Reserve property is certified to the SFI Standard and is owned in partnership with Kenauk Canada, the Nature Conservancy of Canada and four local families. SFI is supporting fRI Research in identifying high-quality habitat and movement pathways of caribou in West-Central Alberta to help restore habitat for caribou.
SFI teamed up with the Saskatchewan Research Council, SFI Program Participants Louisiana-Pacific and Spruce Products, and Ducks Unlimited Canada to develop a rapid assessment tool to measure carbon storage in wetlands.
SFI supported Bird Studies Canada Breeding Bird Atlases that are driving conservation policy, species at risk recovery, habitat management and stewardship, land acquisition, and more.
2017 SFI Conservation Grants
Just today we announced the 2017 SFI conservation grant projects. These grants speak to the diversity of the SFI community and represent collaborations between 37 groups including academics, conservationists, forest managers and government officials. This year’s grants focus on the connection between sustainable supply chains and natural resource issues we all care about — like carbon storage, wildlife habitat, species at risk and forests with exceptional conservation value.
The importance of third-party certification
The majority of Canada’s boreal forests are third-party certified to a variety of standards, including SFI, CSA and FSC. I remember 25 years ago, when forest certification was first being discussed, it was a challenge for the industry to get their heads around. The concept of opening their doors, enabling third-party audits and publicly available reporting on how they measure up to standards was a stretch. Today, the environmental community can claim victory for changing the way the forest sector operates. It is inclusive, it is transparent, it is research and collaboration driven. It is a success story. Let’s embrace it, and hold it up as a model.
SFI wants to hear from everyone in the boreal forest community
For those that are interested in learning more about the Sustainable Forestry Initiative (SFI) Forest Management Standard you can give me a call or check out our website. The standard is revised every five years through a collaborative process with multiple stakeholders. When we issued our last standard in January 2015, we strengthened our landscape measures, our water quality and vernal pool requirements, and several of these changes were informed by collaborative research that had taken place through collaborative processes.
We also addressed other important issues of national and international relevance and took measures to ban WHO 1A and 1B chemicals as well as add a new objective that requires certificate holders to recognize and respect Indigenous peoples’ rights. (See an op-ed in the Prince George Citizen by David Walkem Chief of the Cooks Ferry Band and SFI Board Member, and the SFI Indigenous fact sheet.)
We believe collaboration is the answer. We are ready to work with anybody that wants to make a positive contribution to the management of forests.
Learn more about SFI: sfiprogram.org.
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Valverde excited by Messi and Suarez rekindlng partnership
Madrid (AFP)
Barcelona coach Ernesto Valverde has said it is a huge boost to have Lionel Messi and Luis Suarez back together again and hopes the pair can reignite their deadly partnership as soon as possible.
Barca play at home to Sevilla on Sunday in La Liga, when they could register a fourth consecutive victory after league wins over Villarreal and Getafe before their Champions League success against Inter Milan on Wednesday.
Suarez scored twice against Inter, including a late winner set up by Messi, who was making only his second start of the season at the Camp Nou following calf and thigh injuries. Suarez also suffered a calf injury in August.
Together, the pair scored 76 goals for Barcelona last season.
"It is clear they have both now recovered," Valverde said in a press conference on Saturday.
"They are crucial for us, they have some catching up to do because of their injuries but they have to find their connection again. This is an important match."
Antoine Griezmann started alongside Messi and Suarez in a front three against Inter but the Frenchman was quiet and his place could come under threat.
Ousmane Dembele is fit again after shaking off a hamstring strain while Ansu Fati is close to recovering from a knee problem and could be an option against Sevilla. The 21-year-old Carles Perez has also impressed.
"Every game is different, it can be one player for one game, another for another," Valverde said.
"We will see who plays. We have Griezmann and Dembele and we also have another possibility, which is Carles Perez."
On Fati's fitness, Valverde said: "I am feeling optimistic, we will assess today whether he is ready or not. He is young, he still needs to mature physically and get used to the demands at this level.
"When a youngster like this comes through, everyone wants them to be thrown in the deep end all the time, but we forget he is only 16 years old."
Jordi Alba has been out for almost three weeks with a thigh injury but trained too on Saturday and could return.
Sevilla have made a decent start to the season under their new coach Julen Lopetegui. Like Barcelona, they have 13 points after seven games played, five points behind frontrunners Real Madrid.
"Games against Sevilla are always intense," Valverde said.
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US sanctions threaten Iranians' right to health: HRW
Washington (AFP)
Washington's sanctions against Tehran have drastically constrained its ability to pay for humanitarian imports and are threatening the health rights of Iranians, Human Rights Watch said Tuesday.
US President Donald Trump unilaterally withdrew from the 2015 Iran nuclear deal last year and reimposed punishing sanctions as part of a stated campaign of "maximum pressure" against the Islamic republic.
Officially, the punitive measures make exceptions for food, medicine and other humanitarian goods, but most companies are unwilling to do any trade with Iran for fear of repercussions in the world's largest economy.
Trump "administration officials claim they stand with the Iranian people, but the overbroad and burdensome US sanctions regime is harming Iranian's right to health, including access to live-saving medicines", said Sarah Leah Whitson, Middle East director at HRW.
"The comprehensive web of US sanctions has led banks and companies to pull back from humanitarian trade with Iran, leaving Iranians who have rare or complicated diseases unable to get the medicine and treatment they require," she added.
The sanctions include previously suspended nuclear-related embargoes including on Iran's oil exports and financial transactions, with new ones added.
The US Treasury said they were imposed to make Iran's leaders "cease support for terrorism, stop proliferating ballistic missiles, end destructive regional activities, and abandon their nuclear ambitions".
In a 47-page report, HRW documents how the US-built exemptions for humanitarian imports into its sanctions regime have failed to offset the strong reluctance of US and European companies and banks to finance humanitarian goods.
Iranian patients have struggled with a foreign medicine shortage and price hikes for over a year both due to reimposed US trade sanctions as well as a battered economy with a free-falling currency.
Medicine importers get subsidised currency rates from the government, yet foreign drugs and medical equipment cannot always be found in state-owned pharmacies.
Iran produces 96 percent of the drugs it uses but imports more than half the raw materials to make them, according to the Syndicate of Iranian Pharmaceutical Industries.
It also has to import special medicine which patients with rare diseases require.
HRW called on the US to "get serious about addressing the harm resulting from its cruel sanctions regime".
Washington must create "a viable financial channel with reasonable requirements for companies, banks and groups to provide humanitarian goods for people in Iran," it said.
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Home › Children Clothes Patterns › Hopscotch Sweater › Hopscotch Sweater Pattern | Sizes 8 (10-12)
Hopscotch Sweater Pattern | Sizes 8 (10-12)
SIZES 8 (10-12).
NOTE—Underline or circle the numbers applying to the size desired. The first number in each group is for size 8, the second for size 10, the third for size 12.
MATERIALS—SPINNERIN MARVEL TWIST 3 (3-4) skeins, 1 pair Knitting Needles No. 6, 1 pair Knitting Needles No. 3, 2 buttons.
MEASUREMENTS—Chest 27 (28-30) inches; bottom to underarm 8½ (9½-10½) inches; sleeve to underarm 13 (13¾-15½) inches.
GAUGE—5½ sts. = 1 inch. 9 rows = 1 inch. Accurate gauge is essential.
PATTERN—For Size 8 & 12 only: Row 1—*K5, K1, P1, K1, P1, K1, repeat from * across row, ending K5. Row 2—*P5, K1, P1, K1, P1, K1, repeat from * across row, ending P5. Repeat these 2 rows twice more. Row 7—*K1, P1, K1, P1, K1, K5, repeat from * across row, ending K1, P1, K1, P1, K1. Row 8—*K1, P1, K1, P1, K1, P5, repeat from * across row, ending K1, P1, K1, P1, K1. Repeat these last two rows twice more.
For Size 10 only: Row 1—*K5, K1, P1, K1, P1, K1, repeat from * across row. Row 2—*K1, P1, K1, P1, K1, P5, repeat from * across row. Repeat these last two rows twice more. Row 7—*K1, P1, K1, P1, K1, K5, repeat from * across row. Row 8—*P5, K1, P1, K1, P1, K1, repeat from * across row. Repeat these last two rows twice more. Repeat these 12 rows for back pattern.
BACK—Using No. 6 needles, cast on 75 (80-85) sts. Work 5 rows Seed St. K1, P1 (if row ends with K, start next row with K; if row ends with P, start next row with P). Work in pattern given above until back measures 8½ (9½-10½) inches from start or desired length to underarm. At the beg. of each of the next 2 rows, bind off 3 (4-5) sts. Dec. 1 st. each end of needle every other row 3 times, (63 (66-69) sts.). Work even in pattern until armhole measures 5½ (6-6½) inches straight up from underarm. At the beg. of each of the next 4 (8-6) rows, bind off 10 (5-7) sts. Bind off remaining sts. loosely for back of neck.
LEFT FRONT—Using No. 6 needles, cast on 38 (43-45) sts. Work in seed st. for 5 rows. Then work as follows: For Sizes 8 & 10 only: Row 1—*K1, P1, K1, P1, K1, K5, repeat from * to last 3 sts., K1, P1, K1, (front border). Row 2—K1, P1, K1, *K1, P1, K1, P1, K1, P5, repeat from * across row, ending K1, P1, K1, P1, K1. Repeat these two rows twice more. Row 7—*K5, K1, P1, K1, P1, K1, repeat from * to last 8 sts., K5, K1, P1, K1. Row 8—K1, P1, K1, *P5, K1, P1, K1, P1, K1, repeat from * across row, ending P5. Repeat these 2 rows twice more. For Size 12 only: Work as for Size 8, having 5 sts. in seed st. for front border, instead of 3 sts. Repeat these 12 rows for front pattern. Work in pattern given above until piece measures same as back to underarm. At beg. of arm edge, bind off 3 (4-5) sts. Dec. 1 st. at arm edge every other row 3 times; (32 (36-37) sts.). Work even in pattern until armhole measures 4½ (5-5½) inches straight up from underarm. At beg. of neck edge, bind off 6 (8-8) sts. twice. Work even until armhole measures same as back to shoulder. At beg. of arm edge, bind off 10 (5-7) sts., 2 (4-3) times. Work right front to correspond, reversing pattern and shaping.
SLEEVES—Using No. 6 needles, cast on 39 (45-49) sts. Work 5 rows in seed st. Then work as follows: For Sizes 8 & 12 only: Inc. 1 st. then work in pattern as on Back pattern for Size 10. For Size 10 only: Work in pattern as on Back pattern for Sizes 8 & 12. Work 6 rows of pattern then inc. 1 st. each end of needle. Repeat this inc. every 8th row until there are 54 (57-60) sts. on needle. Work even in pattern until sleeve measures 13 (13¾-15½) inches from start. At the beg. of each of the next 2 rows, bind off 3 (4-5) sts. Dec. 1 st. each end of needle every other row 3 (3-4) times. Work even until sleeve measures 3 (3½-3¾) inches straight up from underarm. Dec. 1 st. each end of needle every row until 26 (23-22) sts. remain. Bind off.
FINISHING—Sew underarm, shoulder and sleeve seams. Sew sleeves in armholes, matching underarm seams. Neckband—Using No. 3 needles, pick up 79 (83-87) sts. around neck. Work 5 rows in seed st. Bind off loosely. Sew buttons in place at neck. Frog—Make a loose chain of 25 sts. Work 1 S. C. in 15th ch from hook, work 1 S. C. in each of the next 3 chains. Ch 10 sts. more and fasten in first ch made. Fasten off. Slip frog over buttons to fasten at neck and sew one end to sweater.
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A silhouette of Itay Talgam as he conducts the orchestra. (Photo: Courtesy photo)
Advice on being an effective leader, from a world-famous maestro
How a symphony conductor goes from the orchestra hall to the boardroom. (Hint: It has a lot to do with listening.)
by Daleen Berry | Wednesday, October 5, 2016
by Daleen Berry
The key to being a successful leader can be found at the end of a baton. Not the kind you twirl, but a musical one, held by a conductor directing his orchestra.
The trick, though, is all in the grip. Hold it too tightly, and you are in danger of being so rigid no one can master the musical score. But loosen your grip, and then you have the chance to find yourself at the helm of a new and exciting symphony – one which the maestro and his musicians compose together.
Maestro Itay Talgam – who was born in Tel Aviv, Israel – has given several TED Talks about leadership that have been viewed nearly 3 million times. Talgam debuted as an international conductor in 1987, when he was chosen by Leonard Bernstein to appear in a special concert with the Orchestre de Paris. He's directed such groups as the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra and the Jerusalem Symphony Orchestra, and was the first Israeli to conduct Russia's St. Petersburg Philharmonic Orchestra and the Leipzig Opera in Germany.
Itay Talgam received a degree in philosophy from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. (Photo: Michal Kleinberg)
But what stuck with Talgam most is the leadership lessons he learned at the hands of Bernstein, his mentor and one of history’s greatest conductors. Whether performing for children on TV or adult audiences at live symphonies, Talgam believes Bernstein’s communication style spoke to each one of the groups for which he created music.
Bernstein knew that the secret to leadership was to listen to the people around you. And Talgam has incorporated that style himself. He now travels the world conducting in a new arena, teaching managers and their employees how to be better listeners.
“Bernstein could be intimate with each one of his listeners,” Talgam told From The Grapevine when we reached him at his home in Israel. "And that’s very rare because he could open a space for each one to have a personal, authentic moment of creation by listening.”
Those spaces, or “gaps,” as Talgam refers to them in his 2015 book, "The Ignorant Maestro," are no more than the mistakes and miscommunications that occur around us. Talgam said he wrote the book to explore “the diverse leadership of six of the world’s greatest maestros, from the legendary Toscanini and the controversial Von Karajan to the beloved Leonard Bernstein."
“Gaps can be in many areas of life,” Talgam explained. They may be technical, like when a business discovers a process works much better than they expected. Or they may be that moment when two people understand the same word differently.
“All those moments where clarity is missing,” Talgam said, “often these are embarrassing moments.” Most people think these moments need to go, to be swept away with a flick of the wrist. But Talgam disagrees. “These are the gaps that can give you understanding, often in a more productive way than you’re used to,” he said.
Amazon's "Mozart in the Jungle" show focuses on the leadership style of a young maestro played by Gael García Bernal (far left). (Photo: Courtesy photo)
Instead of focusing on being a keynote speaker, which involves “setting the agenda for other people by telling them what to do,” Talgam believes leaders should aim to be “more of a keynote listener.” This technique is what helps great leaders like Steve Jobs “tie people to the process so they understand so well that they make fantastic products together.” If you follow that idea through, from design inception to finished product, he believes even customers can feel like they’re part of the process.
Today’s fast-paced, attention-deficit-filled world doesn’t make listening easy, but Talgam believes it’s still possible. And extremely important.
“Each time you’re tempted as a manager or a professor or teacher just to tell people what to do, and forget about making them partners in dialogue,” Talgam says to stop what you're doing and remember that a failure to listen stymies growth.
As for the “ignorant maestro” himself, he said he still enjoys conducting an orchestra, but not within the constraints of the classical music industry. “This kind of art requires so many resources, so the industry is very difficult to satisfy," he told us.
So now, his baton at rest, Talgam prefers conducting inside corporate boardrooms, practicing keynote listening with everyone in attendance, seeing what kind of a symphony they can all create – together.
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Gainsborough burglar left behind empty energy drink bottle
The Trent Port, in Gainsborough.
Published: 08:55 Wednesday 24 July 2019
A burglar was involved in a raid which left a social club was caught after leaving behind an empty drink bottle, Lincoln Crown Court was told.
Lee Ross broke into the Melrose Sports & Social Club in Gainsborough in the early hours of the morning but appeared to have left without stealing anything.
Victoria Rose, prosecuting, said "The burglary occurred at 3.30 am when an alarm was activated.
"The key holder attended and discovered that the ceiling in the snooker room had collapsed.
"There was no sign of any entry and it was assumed that the ceiling had simply collapsed.
"The following day it was discovered that entry had been obtained and a pane of glass was missing.
"There was an energy drink bottle discarded in the rubble from the ceiling. When it was analysed DNA from Ross was recovered from it.
"There had been nothing taken in the burglary but extensive damage was caused."
Miss Rose said that 30 minutes later the alarm was activated at the Trent Port pub and a member of staff who was asleep in a bedroom checked the CCTV to discover two people in the back yard and the gate open.
"Both men had tried to enter through the back door. The defendant was arrested later that morning because his clothing matched that of one of the men on the CCTV."
When Ross was detained he told police "I didn't break in there. I was just around the back."
The court was told that Ross had 43 convictions for a total of 91 previous offences.
Ross, 46, of Whites Wood Lane, Gainsborough, admitted burglary of Melrose Sports & Social Club and attempted burglary of the Trent Port. Both offences took place on April 21.
Rise in Christmas drink drivers in Nottinghamshire this year
He was given a 22 month jail sentence suspended for two years with a rehabilitation activity requirement of up to 20 days and an eight month drug rehabilitation requirement.
Leanne Summers, in mitigation, said that Ross is currently on a community order for other offences and has been doing well.
Judge John Pini QC, passing sentence, told Ross "It appears you are making efforts to end your dependency on drugs and to try to rehabilitate yourself. This is your last chance."
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Unreal 4.1X C++ Developer: Learn C++ and Make Video Games
Introduction and Setup
Promo Video (1:46)
A Note On Unreal Versions (1:50)
Fully Remove Visual Studio If You Have Issues
Setup Visual Studio or XCode (4:07)
Avoiding Unreal 4.20
Unreal Development Environment (8:06)
Intro to Visual Studio 2015 on PC (7:34)
Intro to Xcode on MacOS (5:12)
How to Ask Good Questions (10:58)
A Quick Tour of Unreal Editor (9:46)
Section 1 Wrap-Up (2:43)
Section End QUIZ
Instructor Hangout (5:19)
Bulls & Cows Word Console Game - Your First C++
Intro, Notes & Section 2 Assets (3:03)
Bull Cow Game Overview (5:33)
S02 Game Design Document (GDD) (6:56)
A Note About Visual Studio 17
How Solutions & Projects Relate (11:49)
C++ Function Syntax (7:53)
Using, #include and Namespaces (11:34)
Magic Numbers and Constants (7:21)
Variables and cin for Input (10:00)
Using getline() (5:03)
Simplifying With Functions (11:39)
Iterating With For & While Loops (8:08)
Mid Section Quiz
Clarity is Worth Fighting For (10:19)
Booleans and comparisons (11:33)
Using do and while in C++ (6:44)
Introducing Classes (2:59)
Using Header Files as Contracts (11:35)
Including Our Own Header File (9:37)
Frustrated With XCode?
Instantiating Your Class (7:00)
Writing & Using Getter Methods (9:00)
Introducing the Const Keyword (6:20)
Constructors For Initialisation (7:50)
Pseudocode Programming (9:07)
Using using for Type Aliases (9:41)
Using struct for Simple Types (10:01)
Using if Statements in C++ (13:49)
Debugging 101 (7:39)
A Place for Everything (7:06)
Introducing enumerations (9:55)
Writing Error Checking Code (9:17)
Using switch Statements (11:57)
Warm Fuzzy Feelings (6:31)
Handling Game Win Condition (7:58)
Win or Lose "Screen" (6:07)
Introducing Big O Notation (11:49)
TMap and map Data Structures (11:09)
Range-based for Loop (8:58)
Design a Helper Function (8:49)
Playtesting Your Game (7:59)
Difficulty & Play Tuning (9:35)
Polishing & Packaging (8:35)
End Of Section Quiz
Building Escape - Your First Unreal C++ Game
Building Escape Overview (2:50)
Version Control 101 (8:09)
Ignoring Unreal Derived Files (8:45)
Your First .gitignore for Unreal (11:27)
Getting to Know Unreal’s Editor (8:23)
A Pointers Primer (5:40)
Unreal’s Class System (13:04)
Cloning and Building Our Code (17:25)
Runtime Messages for Feedback (7:18)
Accessing Object Names (10:45)
Include What You Use For 4.17+ (17:14)
Getting Transforms in C++ (12:59)
Moving Objects With C++ (12:00)
Laying Out Geometry (14:27)
Applying Materials (8:38)
Macros Starting with UPROPERTY (9:53)
Using Trigger Volumes (10:14)
Unreal’s PlayerController (10:27)
Using Collision Volumes (9:41)
Using GetTimeSeconds() (11:27)
Grabbing System Overview (5:32)
Modifying the Default Pawn Actor (7:28)
Inherit Game Mode Blueprint (7:05)
Getting Player Viewpoint (12:42)
Using DrawDebugLine (12:10)
Line Tracing AKA Ray-Casting (10:15)
LineTraceSingleByObjectType() (12:03)
REFERENCES & POINTERS (14:34)
Resetting Your Unreal Project (6:40)
Using FindComponentByClass() (8:59)
Introducing Input Binding (12:08)
Accessors & Memory Layout (9:25)
Reducing Code in “Hot Loops” (13:50)
Using Physics Handles (12:30)
Refactoring Rules (12:25)
Introducing Unreal’s TArray (12:07)
Iterating over TArray with for (8:27)
Debugging Game Issues (7:58)
Managing Texture Tiling (8:49)
Pointer Protection Process (11:34)
Exposing Events to Blueprint (11:36)
Using Blueprint Timeline (10:27)
Everything in its Place (11:25)
Using Variables in Blueprint (8:35)
SFX & Audio Clips (6:30)
Battle Tank - A Fun Tank Battle with Mortars
Battle Tank Overview (3:42)
Setting Up a GitHub “Repo” (10:40)
Creating & Deleting Landscapes (10:03)
Landscape Setup & Scaling (12:15)
A Landscaping Process (10:16)
Upgrading Engine Version (5:48)
Using Landscape Layers (12:11)
Flat Shading Low Poly Landscapes (12:38)
More Landscaping Tools (12:10)
Tank Control System (7:32)
Actors from Multiple Meshes (13:42)
Configuring a Tank (9:13)
3rd Person Camera Control (14:16)
Fixing 3rd Person Camera Rotation (8:06)
User Interface (UI) in Unreal (9:18)
Main Menu Screens (9:02)
UI Scale Box, Buttons & Mouse (11:13)
Controller Ready Navigation (8:25)
Creating Unreal Engine UI with UMG and C++
Trial Packaging Your Game (7:08)
Delegating to Components (11:20)
Using virtual and override (14:04)
Overloading and Polymorphism (14:27)
Virtual Functions and Vtables (11:20)
Creating an AI Controller Class (10:56)
Get the Player Controller with C++ (9:35)
Add Tick() to PlayerController (11:50)
Creating an Out Parameter Method (12:09)
Finding Screen Pixel Coordinates (13:48)
Using DeprojectScreenToWorld (12:49)
Using LineTraceSingleByChannel() (15:24)
Unify Player & AI Aiming (10:36)
Create Default Sub Objects in C++ (12:07)
BlueprintCallable() (13:04)
SuggestProjectileVelocity() (11:53)
Predict Projectile Landing Point (12:36)
Using FRotators in Unreal (10:58)
The C++ Compilation Process (7:26)
Using Forward Declarations (12:37)
BlueprintSpawnableComponent() (10:56)
Review Our Execution Flow (13:35)
How to Report Bugs (12:18)
Using Clamp() to Limit Values (14:18)
CHALLENGE - Turret Rotation (12:44)
CHALLENGE - Turret Rotation Pt.2 (11:32)
Setting Up Projectiles (10:34)
Upgrading to Unreal 4.12 (11:04)
A Note About The Movement Bug
Working Round Awkward Bugs (13:56)
Using SpawnActor<>() to Spawn (11:36)
Projectile Movement Components (11:10)
Making AI Tanks Fire (10:30)
EditAnywhere vs EditDefaultsOnly (8:37)
Adding a Quit Button (11:05)
Setup Track Throttles (12:31)
ApplyForceAtLocation() in Action (12:03)
Physics Materials & Friction (14:16)
Fly-by-Wire Control System (8:50)
Using BlueprintReadOnly (12:46)
A Better Component Architecture (12:04)
Completing Manual Tank Movement (11:09)
Introducing AI Pathfinding (12:03)
Dissecting RequestDirectMove() (12:29)
DotProduct() Vector Operator (12:30)
CrossProduct() Vector Operator (13:42)
Finalising Your Class Code (9:28)
How to Use Blueprint Variables (10:10)
Using Enum(erations) in UE4 (12:06)
Refactoring our Aiming Component (14:52)
Attaching a Debugger to Unreal (7:22)
Constructor & Begin Play Timing (11:58)
Decoupling Your Architecture (9:01)
BlueprintImplementableEvent (11:57)
Using the ensure Assertion (9:32)
Dependency Mapping (9:53)
Talking Head - Real World Skills (2:29)
Starting From Green (11:10)
Aiming Without the Tank (13:57)
Finishing our Refactoring (14:04)
Adding TickComponent() Back (13:06)
Are Two Floats Equal? (11:39)
Programmatic Sideways Friction (15:18)
OnComponentHit Event in 4.12 (8:55)
Avoiding Boolean Flags (13:18)
Improving Tank Aiming (11:23)
Improved Mortar Models
Tweaking Tank AI (12:14)
Making an Ammo Display (14:23)
Making an AutoMortar (14:10)
Improved Models
Using the Reference Viewer (14:10)
Preparing for Particles (13:22)
Introducing Particle Systems (15:54)
Particle Bounding Boxes (6:36)
Using FAttachmentTransformRules (16:26)
Radial Forces & Caching (14:20)
Using GetTimerManager() (10:15)
Using TakeDamage() on Actors (15:47)
BlueprintPure & Health Bars (14:09)
The Observer Pattern (14:19)
Finishing Off - Part 1 (14:35)
Bonus - Switching Cameras (6:35)
Get Started with Multiplayer
Fixing The Tank Suspension (2:21)
Upgrade to 4.19 And Bug Fixes (13:07)
Real-world Vehicle Physics (8:51)
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Tweaking Tank AI
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Ghostbusters News
Ghostbusters: The Lost Comic Book Pitch - Found!
Re: Ghostbusters: The Lost Comic Book Pitch - Found!#215593
By Troy - March 9th, 2010, 10:10 pm - Posts: 751
- March 9th, 2010, 10:10 pm #215593
Just because Venkman hands Egon a Crunch bar doesn't mean all the professor eats are Nestle products.
...Just a guy.
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By ProtonCharger - March 9th, 2010, 10:22 pm - Posts: 3652
I'm just saying Peter is much less likely to make a portable nuclear reactor in the old west then Egon. I'm well aware the films and other medias these characters apear in are scifi and fantasy to a broad degree, but I do appreciate continuity with the four ghostbusters as individuals. I think Peter's character would have a hard enough time building a proton pack in the 80's, let alone in the old west. He just isn't as studied as Spengler. That's all. I needless to say love Venkman's character but he has his limitations as a scientist. Especially when compared to Spengler and Stantz.
All that is necessary for the triumph of evil is that good men do nothing
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By RedVirtue - March 10th, 2010, 5:16 am - Posts: 1161
- March 10th, 2010, 5:16 am #215626
That has nothing to do with what I suggested. But I'll say not all professors are equal, and leave it as that.
RedVirtue
By Troy - March 10th, 2010, 11:09 am - Posts: 751
- March 10th, 2010, 11:09 am #215709
AJ, you've really gotta start selling senses of humor in the GBFans shop.
By ProtonCharger - March 10th, 2010, 11:35 am - Posts: 3652
but dont make them cheap, or they'll think things like repo, and monty python are gods gift to the cosmos.
By td9993 - March 12th, 2010, 5:20 pm - Posts: 218
- March 12th, 2010, 5:20 pm #216321
While appreciate Tom Waltz's comments, I have to say, from a guy who actually orders comics for a store, people don't want mini-series stuff if they can get into a story.
MANY, MANY books we get only survive because people find them at about the 3rd or 4th issue and THEN go in search of others.
People will buy an occasional one shot, but comic buyers WANT to be invested in titles. They want to feel as if it's going somewhere.
I'm not trying to cause trouble or call him a liar, merely stating from MY end, this is how it is.
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By Spooky - March 12th, 2010, 6:25 pm - Posts: 1919
That was a pretty classy response from Tom
I can't say I would of been so nice.
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By Peterson - March 14th, 2010, 1:51 pm - Posts: 216
Okay, here's my take on Peter building a Proton Pack in the old west...he didn't BUILD one, he REPAIRED his current one using what he had available to him. And probably a highly detailed 'Field Manual' that Spengler likely insisted they all carry with them...
I get this from what Rachel says throughout the series...that she specifically sought out Peter first. And going by how they find Egon, she used the unique energy signature from HIS Proton Pack to find him.
Though one could argue that he DID build the Pack from scratch and took the time to make sure he got the energy signature right because he figured that it would be vital for someone to manage to find both where and WHEN he was.
The Containment Unit was what made me scratch my head. But another fan said they thought it was magic-based, which works for me. Maybe a friendly Wizard or Shaman came by to lend Pete a hand. Or maybe...
We know Rachel can cloud men's minds to a degree...maybe she sent the IDEA for someone to help Peter build the CU - or hell, maybe the rest of his gear for that matter - back in time, before she was able to fully replicate Daddy's trick and send herself back in time to get him.
By Ghostbuster-Adem84 - March 15th, 2010, 8:42 pm - Posts: 194
I was actually taken back by Pete's CU aswell when I first read the series, I spent a few minutes trying to figure out how the hell he keeps the spirits within and not worry about them passing through the damn thing. Magic is an acceptable answer, but what got me really thinking was the old west wasn't really a magical period? That was more Ray's timeline and era. I've never really heard anything about magic related to the ol' west so if not magic/spells what else would have kept them locked in?
"Well I'm off to milk the cows now ma!" - Ray Stantz (RGB)
Ghostbuster-Adem84
Location: Brandon, MANITOBA
By Nicholszz - March 22nd, 2010, 12:38 pm - Posts: 336
- March 22nd, 2010, 12:38 pm #218332
How can you help? By letting your retailers know you want more Ghostbusters comics ordered and stocked in their stores
Funny you saying this. I went to every book store/corner store.
And while I found graphic novels. ** Noticed the Displaced Agression one was being sold in April because of this**
I Found not one comic!
The only comics I could find where, Spider man, Batman, Archie, and Sonic the Hedgehog.
Which I found very saddening.
I used to be able to go into any store, and look at tons of comics.
Now all I see is Graphic Novels that I have no interest in, or Porno magazines.
I did go up the counter, and I asked the person at the counter at one book stores. "How come you guys don't sell comic books? They are books."
She reffered me to the crappy 10 comics section of Batman, and Spiderman.
I then asked her. Where all the other ones where.
She replied, this is it.
I was very disapointed.
I wasn't about to get rude with them.
I did also state, I wanted ghostbusters comics. And she reffered me to the computer?
So I went to their computers.
To only find. NOTHING.
Except the Displaced Agression graphic novel that was telling me will be released in April.
I did not pre-order. As I was just grumpy at this time.
I asked at one book store. Why they did not order near any comic books.
They just stared at me like I was retarded.
Pretend for a moment that I don't know anything about metallurgy, engineering, or physics, and just tell me what the hell is going on.
Nicholszz
Location: Calgary, AB
By PeteVenkman_Jedi - March 22nd, 2010, 4:26 pm - Posts: 1043
- March 22nd, 2010, 4:26 pm #218384
I have to admit that Tom's level headed explanation and 'classy' response has actually given me more respect for the company and the creative teams working on the series. I still have the same feelings of the comics already released (some good, some not so good), but I feel more positive about seeing what they have in store for the franchise. I can see that these guys are fans and are doing their best. Mostly it was the fact that Tom wasn't combative or defensive but more 'these are the facts' about his response that I liked.
The same amount of class could be learned by a few here on the board, you know, the ones who label everyone 'haters' because they have a personal taste that differ from their own and express it. I really dislike the term 'haters' and people that use it. If we all liked exactly the same things there would be no variety in life. Feedback, be it positive or negative is necessary so that the company making a product can understand what they need to do to improve their product the best it can be. If everyone is just being 'yes-men' then there is no way a company can get a realistic evaluation of their product and figure out what needs to be tweaked.
As I have done from the beginning of IDW's foray into GB, I will continue to buy the comics and see what happens. If I like it I'll keep reading, if not, well, I have better places to put my money. But they at least have my respect now.
PeteVenkman_Jedi
Joined: April 1st, 2005, 1:05 pm
Re: Ghostbusters: The Lost Comic Book Pitch - Found!#4916645
By GBPaulRivera - April 8th, 2019, 12:43 pm - Posts: 72
- April 8th, 2019, 12:43 pm #4916645
It's weird to come to this forum 9 years later. Mainly because a lot has happened since, but suffice to say, I love this pitch so much that I got James and Dan to give me permission to bring it to life. This will be fun
NotSabbat liked this
"What's the point in being grown up if you can't be Childish sometimes?" - The Fourth Doctor, DOCTOR WHO, BBC
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Dear US Visitors: Homeland Security Would Like Your Passwords, Please
By Bryan Menegus on at
Last night, Secretary of Homeland Security John Kelly was grilled by the House Homeland Security Committee on Trump’s Muslim ban, when he let slip an unusual strategy under consideration: demanding passwords from visa applicants.
Louisiana congressman Clay Higgins asked Kelly about “increased and enhanced use of social media to track potential terrorists” that could “link visa applicants with their social media profiles” using “publicly available data.” Higgins made clear his opinion that the Obama administration had not done enough in this regard.
In response, Kelly answered that “we want to get on their social media—with passwords.” While combing through the social media profiles and browser histories of immigrants was already proposed by Kelly during a press conference late last month, the addition of passwords is a delightful new twist.
The disconnect is in the nonchalance of Kelly’s overreach: When asked about how he’ll use publicly available information, he instead proposes the complete disclosure of online activities as if it’s the same exact thing. Maybe Kelly doesn’t understand how the internet works, though his statements suggest he simply doesn’t feel potential immigrants deserve digital rights. “If they don’t want to give us that information,” Kelly says bluntly, “then they don’t come.”
Of course, social profiles are easy to fake, browser histories can be scrubbed, and law enforcement officials have had issues investigating the online activities of individuals before. As the FBI’s investigation into GamerGate revealed, that agency was flummoxed by simple countermeasures like using proxies. (It’s not known, however, if DHS would be employing more advanced tactics.)
Confiscation of smartphones and coerced password inputs were reported for some of those affected by Trump’s Muslim ban, a move which was condemned by the Electronic Frontier Foundation. The ban itself has been frozen by the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals, though the administration is contesting that decision. Kelly, however, casually mentions that password access to computers and profiles is some thing he’s considering, “even if we don’t get out from under the court order.” So far the Trump administration hasn’t been that keen on due process, and it’s unlikely its stance on “extreme vetting” will be any different. [NBC]
pass americasux420
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All we know about body found on M5, causing full closure of motorway and traffic chaos
Roads have been massively congested in Gloucester and surrounding areas
Tom GibbonHead of Online
Robin JenkinsChief Cheltenham Reporter
Traffic chaos hit parts of Gloucestershire after the discovery of a body on the M5 led to its closure in both directions.
Police closed the motorway at 4.45am today, between junction 11A at Brockworth and junction 12 for Quedgeley, after finding a person dead on the road.
The northbound carriageway and two lanes of the southbound carriageway reopened shortly before 6pm. Lower speed limits are in place past the scene of the incident.
Updates on traffic chaos around Gloucester with long queues on A40, flooding on A417 and delays on A38 after M5 closure
Officers can be seen on an empty M5 between Brockworth and Quedgeley near Gloucester
Police said this afternoon that it could be several days before they can positively identify the person found, but that one line of enquiry is that they may have been a person reported missing this morning.
A statement from Gloucestershire Constabulary issued at 5.30pm said: "One of the leads detectives from the Constabulary's Criminal Investigation Department are following up is whether the body is that of a missing person reported this morning.
"Formal identification will not be possible for several days as tests will also need to be completed.
"Specialist officers at the scene have been carrying out body and evidence recovery in extremely challenging circumstances and this is the main reason there has been such a long delay.
"Police would like to thank road users for remaining patient throughout the day and showing understanding that the central aim has been to give dignity to the person involved and provide reassurance to their family that everything possible has been done to show respect to their loved one."
A417 flooded at Maisemore with big delays due to M5 diversions
Dashcam footage is also being sought from anyone who was driving in the area between 3.45am and 4.20an today.
A spokeswoman for Gloucestershire Constabulary said it wanted to hear from anyone who might have seen anything that would help officers with their investigation into the find.
Officers attended the scene on the southbound carriageway, around a mile north of Gloucester Services.
Police have sealed off The Ash Path bridge, at Upton St Leonards, over the M5
Information and dashcam footage can be given to police by calling 101 and quoting incident 34 of October 30.
Rush hour in the morning was much busier than normal, with severe congestion affecting major roads such as the A40, A38, A417 and A48.
Some drivers found that their journey into Gloucester took four times as long as normal. There were reports of hour-long queues on the A40 through Over and huge problems on the roads around Quedgeley.
Many of the smaller routes were also busy as motorists tried to find ways to avoid the jams but often found themselves stuck in queues somewhere else.
Part of the Ash Path has been coned off and there are officers at both ends stopping anyone going on to the bridge.
Things were particularly bad for drivers making their way from the Forest of Dean to Gloucester. One motorist left Coleford at 8am and did not reach Over until 11.40am.
Other places, such as Cheltenham, also had problems on the roads as a result of the M5 closure.
Cheltenham Town suggests using mediator to end financial dispute with its neighbour
One driver said: “My journey from just south of Cheltenham to just off junction 14 took one hour and 45 minutes. Normally it takes only 30 minutes.
“I went down the A38 through Gloucester which was just at a standstill. Drivers were obviously frustrated and were refusing to let people in lanes to go off at certain junctions.”
There was bad news for some people on public transport too.
M5 closure latest
All we know
Body 'could be missing person'
Police statement
Police apologise for error
Traffic and diversions
Buses stuck on A46
A417 floods add to problems
Due to the increased traffic, Stagecoach West said its buses had become stuck between Pitchcombe and Painswick and were not moving.
Further afield, National Express said its buses followed diversion routes which were very busy and caused delays.
Rail passengers faced disruption after a train was delayed by more than an hour due to the M5 incident.
The 12.42pm train from Gloucester to Frome had a delayed departure and was unable to stop at stations between Gloucester and Bristol because the driver was stuck in traffic.
Passengers were told on board that the train from Gloucester’s station would no longer be stopping at stations between the two cities.
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School rebellion opens door to knowledge
Our eldest child just started secondary school. Not long ago the school didn’t have a uniform, but nowadays you can’t attract the “aspiring” families if you’re not serious about modelling the corporate world. Parents seeking “good” careers for their children are increasingly aware of the importance of correct procedures and work ethic. “Good schools” encourage hours of homework every night and are driven by “disciplined structures” and “excellence”.
Socialists slam Recall management over legal threats
Socialist Alliance WA co-convener Alex Bainbridge has hit out at legal threats issued by lawyers acting on behalf of Recall management. Recall is a document storage company whose workers have entered their fourth week on strike for an agreement that recognises union rights. “Yesterday we received a letter indicating that Recall's lawyers are seeking to subpoena documents from the Socialist Alliance regarding the dispute,” Bainbridge told Green Left Weekly.
Bowraville murders spark renewed protest
Aboriginal banners decorated an angry rally in Sydney’s Hyde Park on March 14. The families of Colleen Walker-Craig, Evelyn Greenup and Clinton Speedy-Duroux rallied with others from Bowraville, west of Nambucca Heads, and Sydney residents, calling for a Royal Commission into the Bowraville children murders. Twenty-three years ago, four-year-old Evelyn Greenup and 16-year-olds Colleen Walker and Clinton Speedy-Duroux were killed in a five-month period on a street near the Bowraville mission.
Australia groups remember Fukushima’s lessons
About 100 people attended a forum and concert titled, "Remembering Fukushima, Two years on: Time to end the nuclear chain," at the Teachers Federation on March 10. The forum was addressed by Japanese farmer and anti-nuclear campaigner Kenichi Hasegawa; Peace Boat International member Akira Kawasaki, South Australian Indigenous elder and co-chair of the Australian Nuclear Free Alliance (ANFA) Peter Watts, Illawarra Aboriginal community and ANFA member Dootch Kennedy, Unions NSW secretary Mark Lennon, and Uranium Free NSW spokesperson Nat Wasley.
Moreland Council votes for CCTV cameras
The Moreland municipality has the second-highest rate of family violence in Victoria. Most violent crime in Moreland is family violence. “This means that there is an epidemic of family violence in Moreland,” said the Socialist Alliance’s Moreland councillor Sue Bolton. At its March 13 council meeting, Moreland council passed a community safety motion to start an immediate expansion of CCTV cameras. The Moreland council was offered funding by the state government that could be spent only on CCTV cameras.
New CSG rules do not live up to hype
Stop CSG Illawarra released the statement below on March 15. *** This week, Federal Environment Minister Tony Burke announced that coal seam gas (CSG) projects that could affect water resources will now trigger federal approval. The bill — detailing the proposed changes to the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) — was tabled [last] week. Stop CSG spokesperson Jess Moore said: "This trigger does not live up to the hype from Burke.
WA socialists say 'prepare for the fight'
In the WA election the Socialist Alliance ran in the seats of Perth, Fremantle and Willagee and won 0.9%, 1.2% and 2% of the vote respectively. Willagee candidate Sam Wainwright said: "While small votes in absolute terms, for us they represent a modest increase and contain some important indicators." Wainwright, a City of Fremantle councillor representing the Hilton ward, said that this was the first time the Socialist Alliance had run in Willagee, most of which has a more working-class character and more state housing tenants than Fremantle.
Tamils rally for justice
Hundreds of people rallied outside parliament house in Canberra on March 13 to demand action for the war crimes of Sri Lankan President, Mahinda Rajapaksa. The rally was organised by Campaign for Tamil Justice, who are calling for an independent investigation into allegations by a UN panel of Sri Lankan military war crimes and crimes against humanity. Campaign spokesperson Trevor Grant said: “The UN Human Rights Commission is meeting right now on Sri Lanka and the word is that there will be another insipid resolution issued, with support from Australia.
Qld feminists take to the stage
A feminist performing group was initiated in Cairns in late 2011, in response to a range of issues, including male violence against women and the retention of abortion in the criminal code in Queensland. The members of this group are diverse — in age, background and previous performing experience — but all have a commitment to improving the status and rights of women in far-north Queensland.
Justice denied: Bring Jock Palfreeman home
Late one night in 2007, in the Bulgarian capital city Sofia, 21-year-old Australian man Jock Palfreeman was walking home after a night out with friends. He saw a group of about 15 men attacking two others. The two men were Roma, an ethnic minority who are often the targets of racist attacks by neo-Nazi gangs. Outraged, Palfreeman intervened to prevent the attack, but instead the crowd turned their violence on him, hurling concrete blocks. Palfreeman pulled a knife to protect himself and during the subsequent fight, one man was stabbed and later died.
Justice for Bowraville children
A rally was held in Sydney on March 13 to demand a Royal Commission into the deaths of three Aboriginal children in Bowraville whose killer has never been brought to justice. Photos: Rachel Evans
Perth International Women's Day rally
International Women's Day rally on March 8 in Perth - the day before the WA state election - included speeches by Sanna Andrew, Tessa Coleman and Anita Creasey.
Wilfred Hicks: Why we stand up for the Burrup
Wong-goo-tt-oo elder Wilfred Hicks explains why the Burrup Peninsula is important and why it should be saved with World Heritage listing.
Carlo’s Corner: Hugo Chavez, the highly unique dictator
Venezuela’s socialist president, Hugo Chavez, died on March 5, and if there is one thing we can take away from coverage in the Western mainstream media is there is now one less dictator threatening the free world. Sure, on the surface, Chavez didn’t really seem like much of a dictator, what with the whole coming to power through free elections and encouraging unprecedented political participation by ordinary citizens thing. But it is just like those serial killers whose neighbours always say seemed so nice until the horrible truth came out.
Blue Mountains crossing cemented colonisation
This year marks the bicentenary of the first European crossing of the Blue Mountains in NSW. For white Australia it was a great triumph and a significant step forward in the process of colonising the entire continent. For the Aboriginal people of this area, however, it was a disturbing development that heralded the most significant challenge they had ever faced.
Broome votes against gas hub
Campaigners against the planned Woodside gas hub at James Price Point in the Kimberley believe the Greens’ opposition to the proposal was the reason for their success in the Kimberley seat. They say it has proven the Broome community does not want the Western Australian Liberals and Woodside's gas hub at James Price Point.
Australian academic: why support BDS
“Not joining the boycott, divestment and sanctions (BDS) movement doesn’t mean that you’re not taking a stand,” Associate Professor Jake Lynch told a meeting at the University of Sydney on March 14. “By continuing institutional links to Israeli high education, universities here risk unwittingly becoming indirectly complicit in violations of international laws and abuses of human rights.”
Fool's Gold of mining boom influences WA election
There's a lot of unease in progressive circles in Western Australia in the wake of Liberal Premier Colin Barnett's landslide reelection win in the March 9 WA state election. The expectation is that many things will get worse before they get better. The minority Liberal government, dependent on National Party support and buoyed by mining royalties, has been restrained compared to the slash-and-burn of public services rammed through by its counterparts in Queensland and Victoria.
The struggle for Victoria St
A 72-year-old man overly fond of a cold shandy on a hot day and a cigarette or two, was found dead in the room he rented in a pub in Waterloo, Sydney on February 23. There was nothing particularly unusual about it except that the man, Eddie Trigg, was the last person to see Juanita Nielsen alive. Nielsen was a society heiress, a member of the family that owned the iconic Sydney retailer Mark Foy’s. In the 1970s she was living in Victoria Street, Kings Cross, running a local paper called Now.
Costello audit plans sale of QLD assets
Former Coalition government treasurer Peter Costello envisions Queensland as a privatised, “small government” state in the final report he has written for the state government. A huge sell-off of remaining public assets was recommended in the 32-page executive summary released on March 1. The full report in excess of 1000 pages has been withheld until after the May budget.
Australian university complicit in Israel’s crimes
The international boycott campaign against the world’s third largest defence company is about to arrive in Australia and the first battleground may be at RMIT University in Melbourne. Palestine solidarity activists have focused a boycott, divestment and sanctions (BDS) campaign on the Max Brenner chocolate store chain, a subsidiary of the Strauss Group, which supplies and supports the Israeli army. This year however, cross-campus activist based group Students for Palestine has decided on a new target. Meet BAE Systems — short for British Aerospace Engineering.
Why teachers should boycott NAPLAN
I have always found tests and exams, whether the NAPLAN or Victorian Certificate of Education, very problematic. For one thing, it only tests English and numeracy, as if other subjects are not important and do not contribute to numeracy and literacy skills. For several years, educators have known that there are different learning styles and techniques. Some people have one dominant learning style, others use different styles in different situations, and styles are not fixed.
Aus government tries to deport refugees to danger
Over recent weeks, lawyers and campaigners have been racing to the courts to prevent immigration department plans to deport Afghan refugees back to Kabul. Refugee advocates raised alarm bells on March 5 when four Afghan Hazara refugees who had been living in the community on bridging visas were re-detained after attending scheduled immigration meetings.
Halo of hypocrisy: Vatican Inc. pushes reconquest of Latin America
The anointment of reactionary Argentine cardinal Jorge Bergoglio as Pope Francisco marks the intensification of the Vatican’s corporate military crusade in a region holding around half of the world’s Catholics. It is also a response to the continental upsurge of the left.
Mordechai Vanunu — prisoner of conscience still
The recent media revelations of the Israeli justice system’s treatment of Ben Zygier, who was known as Prisoner X, has further exposed to the world the charade that is the carefully manufactured image of Israel as a supposedly democratic and liberal state. Many politically aware people already know about Israeli human rights abuses, massacres and other crimes, but the almost total lack of reporting in the mainstream media of the true nature of Israel has kept some people in the dark about the immorality of the Israeli state that lurks behind the mask.
UN lauds Chavez, Palestine mourns a friend
The United Nations General Assembly paid tribute to late Venezuelan president Hugo Chavez during a special ceremony on March 13, Venezuela Analysis said the next day. The ceremony hailed Chavez's “commitment to social justice and advocacy for society’s most vulnerable groups”, the article said.
John Pilger: The new propaganda is 'liberal'
What is modern propaganda? For many, it is the lies of a totalitarian state. In the 1970s, I met Leni Riefenstahl and asked her about her epic films that glorified the Nazis. Using revolutionary camera and lighting techniques, she produced a documentary form that mesmerised Germans; her Triumph of the Will cast Hitler's spell. She told me that the “messages” of her films were dependent not on “orders from above”, but on the “submissive void” of the German public. Did that include the liberal, educated bourgeoisie? “Everyone,” she said.
United States: Anger erupts over new cop killing
The NYPD has murdered another young Black man, and now the cops are trying to smear his name to justify their actions. But activists and members of the community where the victim lived have seen how police murder with impunity -- and they're speaking out. After two plainclothes officers shot and killed 16-year-old Kimani "Kiki" Gray late on March 9, anger rippled through the East Flatbush section of Brooklyn and the broader New York activist community. A vigil two nights later grabbed headlines when a crowd of young people from East Flatbush angrily confronted police.
More Iran lies exposed by WikiLeaks, honest intelligence
Former US National Intelligence Council chairperson Thomas Fingar received the 2013 Sam Adams Award for Integrity in Intelligence on January 23 for his role overseeing the 2007 US National Intelligence Estimate (NIE) on Iran. The NIE finding’s that all 16 US intelligence agencies judged “with high confidence that in fall 2003, Tehran halted its nuclear weapons program” removed the immediate threat of a US-Israeli military attack on Iran.
Bradley Manning on trial for exposing war crimes, corruption
Whistleblower Bradley Manning was back in court in late February for pre-trial hearings. He has now spent more than 1000 days in prison without a trial. Military judge Denise Lind made several rulings during the week long proceedings. Firstly, she ruled that Manning had not been deprived of his due process right to a speedy trial. US military law requires that any defendant must be arraigned within 120 days.
Guatemala: The people await true justice
Former Guatemalan dictator Efrain Rios Montt will finally face prosecution for his crimes. After a year of house arrest, Montt became the first former head of state to be charged with genocide in a Latin American court on January 28. The prosecution believe they have compelling evidence that Montt led a campaign to ethnically cleanse the Central American state of its indigenous Mayan population. Though he is being charged in relation only to the deaths of 1771 Mayans, about 200,000 people were killed or went missing during Guatemala's 1960-96 civil war.
Why US baseball club owners will cheer Chavez’s death
The death of Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez on March 5 will mean unseemly celebration on the right and unending debate on the left. Both reflect the towering legacy of Chavismo and how it challenged the global free market orthodoxy of the Washington consensus. Less discussed will be that the passing of Chavez will also provoke unbridled joy in the corridors of power of Major League Baseball (MLB).
WikiLeaks reveals US fury at Chavez's legacy of solidarity
Tens of thousands of Haitians spontaneously poured into the streets of the Haitian capital, Port-au-Prince, on the morning of March 12, 2007. Venezuelan president Hugo Chavez had just arrived in Haiti all but unannounced. A multitude, shrieking and singing with glee, joined him in jogging alongside the motorcade of Haiti’s then President Rene Preval on its way to the National Palace (later destroyed in the 2010 earthquake).
A selection of this week's celebrity news... Pink Floyd's Roger Waters Urges Fellow Musicians To Ditch Israel http://bit.ly/ZzxyUJ Lostprophets Frontman "Furiously Denies" Baby Rape Charges http://bit.ly/W8vUut Chinese Political Activist Ai Weiwei Is Making...A Metal Album? http://bit.ly/XEAn7U Village Voice Name Lars Ulrich As The "Douchiest Drummer Of All Time" http://bit.ly/YjDy4B Ailing Morrissey Cancels Entire US Tour, Shows Won't Be Rescheduled http://bit.ly/YBodZd
Radicals look for path beyond capitalism -- book review
Beyond Capitalism? The Future of Radical Politics Luke Cooper & Simon Hardy Zero Books, 2013 Luke Cooper and Simon Hardy should be congratulated on producing a thoughtful contribution as to how we build a movement capable of defeating capitalism and creating a socialist society. From climate change to the financial crisis and austerity, the neo-liberal project has failed. Where it once promised prosperity, it can only deliver ashes.
UK Subs as subversive as ever
XXIV UK Subs Captain Oi February 2013 www.uksubs.co.uk Punk pioneers UK Subs released their 24th politically-charged album last month, to rave reviews. Appropriately titled XXIV, it nears the completion of their bid to release 26 albums whose titles begin with each letter of the alphabet, in order. Frontman Charlie Harper spoke to Green Left's Mat Ward. **** Tell us about your experiences of playing Australia - any memories that stick out?
Eric Cantona kicks off subversive soccer series
Football Rebels Presented by Eric Cantona Al Jazeera Started screening March 11 http://aje.me/YaPbYC Al Jazeera is screening a five-part documentary on the stories of five football heroes whose social conscience led them to challenge unjust regimes, join opposition movements and lead the fight for democracy and human rights.
Revolutionary rappers aim to work like Chavez
Work Like Chavez Rebel Diaz and Agent Of Change Released March 9, 2013 www.rebeldiaz.bandcamp.com For revolutionary rappers Rebel Diaz, the death of Hugo Chavez on March 5 came as a double blow. The Venezuelan leader had helped the Chilean hip-hop duo set up their community arts and resistance centre in New York's South Bronx after he visited the area eight years ago.
Fighting Fund
Readers give Green Left a boost
Green Left Weekly's 2013 Fighting Fund appeal for $250,000 was launched in January. Since then volunteers and supporters around the country have been busy raising funds and generously sending in donations to keep the project afloat. It's relentless work, but vital in order to keep an independent media voice alive in Australia; a voice that puts the truth and journalistic integrity before sensationalism and profit.
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Home > Israel News
Putin's Beloved German Teacher Dies Aged 96 in Tel Aviv
Mina Juditskaja Berliner was so revered by Putin that he gifted her a Tel Aviv apartment in 2005
Send me email alerts for new articles by DPA
Russian President Vladimir Putin speaks during his annual press conference in Moscow on December 14, 2017.Alexander Nemenov/AFP
Mina Juditskaja Berliner, the woman who taught Russian President Vladimir Putin how to speak German, has died at the age of 96 in Israel.
'SuperPutin' exhibition gives Russian leader a pop-art make over
'Reb Putin:' That time Russia's president offered the Kremlin’s take on Hanukkah
In major shift, Putin pushing Russia's military leadership into foreign policy role
Berliner - who was so revered by the Russian president that he gifted her a Tel Aviv apartment in 2005 - was buried on December 7 in Petach Tikva, according to an obituary.
The Russian diplomatic mission in Tel Aviv refused to comment on Sunday about reports that the Russian Embassy helped organize the funeral and that an official Russian representative was present at the ceremony.
Berliner taught Putin the German language at a high school in St Petersburg.
"He was a good student," she told dpa in 2014. "He has always learned vocabulary and grammar well."
Putin reunited with his former language teacher in 2005 in Jerusalem, where Berliner said they had had had a meeting in the King David Hotel.
After the meeting, Putin began to give her presents, and a Russian government employee, on Putin's behalf, later helped her find a small apartment in Tel Aviv and paid for it. Real estate in Tel Aviv is among the most expensive in the world.
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Fact Sheet – HFA Certification of Traditional Halal Slaughter (without stunning)
HFA has always accepted traditional halal slaughter and has decided to formalise its strategy on the certification of meat and meat based products derived from such animals and birds. As a result of interest received from halal industry stakeholders, including current and potential customers and consumers, and to provide greater transparency to consumers, HFA will be launching a separate certification scheme and logo for the traditional halal sector of the meat industry and will be pro-actively publicising and marketing this certification scheme across the country.
1.Why HFA has taken the decision of certification of traditional halal slaughtering?
European Council Regulation EC 1099/2009 and National Rules (WATOK 2015) both have provided derogation to religious slaughter (slaughter without stunning) which Muslims and Jews can exercise. Due to concern of failure to follow the key slaughtering guidelines for halal slaughter by some and on-going welfare breaches at some traditional halal abattoirs, HFA will now be playing an active role to bring positive and constructive changes to the way this sector operates. HFA will provide its expertise on how the process can be improved, managed and controlled by imposing stricter controls and requirements in this sector with a view to enhanced compliance and continual improvement of this legal form of slaughter with animal welfare paramount.
2. How will it impact the UK meat industry?
As a leading and pioneering organisation in halal certification arena, HFA is keen to bring expertise, skills and training in the traditional halal meat sector, with an aim to eradicate welfare compromises. Traditional halal slaughter is continually increasing in the UK giving rise to welfare concerns and potential breaches of rules and procedures of humane slaughter. HFA is confident that this initiative will enhance the standard of animal welfare in traditional halal slaughtering. Professional training, more rigorous inspection and regular audits by experts and qualified individuals are the exclusive and salient features that this certification scheme has to offer. Stricter controls or requirements will also be implemented to enhance animal welfare.
3. Doesn’t HFA only accept and approve recoverable (or simple) Stunning?
HFA has been accepting traditional halal slaughter since its inception in 1994 but has also been actively supporting and certifying recoverable/reversible stunning. Due to unfortunate events of a series of malpractices observed and reported for some slaughterhouses that undertake traditional halal slaughtering for Muslims, which has a wider negative effect on the wider halal marketplace, HFA now intends to pro-actively raise standards in this segment of the industry as well.
4. Does HFA prefer traditional halal slaughter over recoverable/reversible stun slaughter?
No. HFA believes that both methods are Shariah compliant (subject to rules and criteria stipulated in halal standards), and are permissible not only in the UK and Europe but across the globe.
5. Is HFA abolishing reversible stun slaughtering?
HFA can categorically say NO to that. HFA will continue to support and approve recoverable/reversible stunning for halal purposes, subject to regular audits and inspections, to ensure that all of our existing clients and consumers needs are met.
6. How will we (Clients and Consumers) be able to differentiate the Traditional Halal from reversible Stun?
As indicated during the HFA conference workshop held on 26th May, HFA believes in transparency and freedom of choice. To ensure that is the norm, HFA management conducted a consultation with their peers and associates and have reached a conclusion that a New Logo will be created for the Traditional Halal meat sector. The new Logo will carry the Organisation’s Name (Halal Food Authority or HFA) and will also have appropriate symbol or phrase to identify Traditional Halal slaughtered meat. This new logo shall be our registered trademark and its usage shall be pre-authorised and monitored. HFA will also create a new separate Manual for this scheme. Appropriate measures would be put in place to ensure effective labelling and communication of halal meat and products derived from traditionally slaughtered animals/birds.
7. What is the expected time frame for this traditional halal certification scheme to be launched?
At present, HFA is in a process of finalising the procedures and documentation for this project and considering the PR policy for effective and strategic communication of the details of the scheme. Upon completion of these, HFA will hold series of introductory and educational events across the UK to advise and educate new and existing clients of this scheme. The scheme is expected to roll out in early October 2016.
8. Will HFA require regular onsite supervision?
Yes. All abattoirs and portioning facilities under this scheme shall be subject to constant (100%) onsite HFA supervision. Supervisors shall be appropriately trained by the HFA and their job description shall be discussed and contractually agreed with the abattoirs and producers that are subject to HFA certification.
9. How does HFA oversee financial impact of supervision on the industry?
HFA strongly believes that this scheme will add value for the wider halal market and the traditional halal sector. It shall be financially sustainable, technically sound and highly competitive compared to other prevalent schemes in this particular meat sector.
10. What will be the major benefits of this scheme?
Enhanced compliance of rules and procedures in traditional halal abattoirs as well as cultivating a spirit of continual improvement in the sector
Trained supervisors on site
Halal audits by qualified and experienced auditors possessing appropriate skills and competence
Better welfare
More transparency in labelling
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1/18/2020 10/7/2019 1/18/2020 1/18/2020 Access for Free 01129 1972 10/7/2019 - 106 Days Ago RealtorValue 116000 120000 132800 124600 130830 131815 9594 7656 $98,600.00 $15,965.00 View Details
1/18/2020 1/17/2020 1/21/2020 1/18/2020 Access for Free 01109 1922 1/17/2020 - 4 Days Ago Tax 109900 109900 129600 136080 136080 14418 7253.4 $98,910.00 $15,498.60 View Details
1/18/2020 10/7/2019 1/21/2020 1/18/2020 Access for Free 01108 1917 10/7/2019 - 106 Days Ago Desperate 141500 159900 0 145000 152250 152250 17559 9339 $113,200.00 $12,152.00 View Details
1/18/2020 5/22/2019 1/21/2020 1/18/2020 Access for Free 01103 1899 5/22/2019 - 244 Days Ago Tax 99900 105000 0 114600 120330 120330 8316 6593.4 $89,910.00 $15,510.60 View Details
1/18/2020 11/6/2019 1/21/2020 1/18/2020 Access for Free 01020 1930 11/6/2019 - 76 Days Ago RealtorValue 149900 164900 177100 135800 142590 159845 8811 9893.4 $119,920.00 $21,220.60 View Details
1/17/2020 1/16/2020 1/21/2020 1/17/2020 Access for Free 01027 1900 1/16/2020 - 5 Days Ago RealtorValue 119900 119900 136700 108100 113505 125102.5 5652 7913.4 $95,920.00 $15,617.10 View Details
1/15/2020 9/19/2019 1/21/2020 1/15/2020 Access for Free 01085 1810 9/19/2019 - 124 Days Ago RealtorValue 154900 189900 206500 224900 236145 221322.5 33300 10223.4 $139,410.00 $38,389.10 View Details
1/15/2020 1/14/2020 1/19/2020 1/15/2020 Access for Free 01085 1973 1/14/2020 - 7 Days Ago RealtorValue 82000 82000 102144 68700 72135 87139.5 6912 5412 $65,600.00 $9,215.50 View Details
1/15/2020 9/7/2019 1/20/2020 1/15/2020 Access for Free 01089 1957 9/7/2019 - 136 Days Ago RealtorValue 154850 170000 206100 182300 191415 198757.5 9432 10220.1 $139,365.00 $39,740.40 View Details
1/14/2020 1/13/2020 1/20/2020 1/14/2020 Access for Free 06106 1954 1/13/2020 - 8 Days Ago RealtorValue 144900 144900 206112 0 206112 16416 9563.4 $130,410.00 $49,722.60 View Details
1/14/2020 11/21/2019 1/20/2020 1/14/2020 Access for Free 06120 1920 11/21/2019 - 61 Days Ago RealtorValue 99900 129900 125000 0 125000 12384 6593.4 $89,910.00 $16,112.60 View Details
1/13/2020 1/10/2020 1/21/2020 1/13/2020 Access for Free 01109 1921 1/10/2020 - 11 Days Ago RealtorValue 92500 92500 126900 105400 110670 118785 8946 6105 $83,250.00 $20,484.00 View Details
1/13/2020 1/12/2020 1/21/2020 1/13/2020 Access for Free 01108 1923 1/12/2020 - 9 Days Ago RealtorValue 169000 169000 191022 0 191022 21762 11154 $135,200.00 $22,906.00 View Details
1/12/2020 10/20/2019 1/21/2020 1/12/2020 Access for Free 01027 1880 10/20/2019 - 93 Days Ago Tax 114950 150000 109700 192200 201810 155755 17856 7586.7 $103,455.00 $26,857.30 View Details
1/11/2020 11/14/2019 1/15/2020 1/11/2020 Access for Free 01001 1900 11/14/2019 - 68 Days Ago RealtorValue 269900 289900 455356 281000 295050 375203 25938 17813.4 $242,910.00 $88,541.60 View Details
1/10/2020 1/8/2020 1/20/2020 1/10/2020 Access for Free 06106 1989 1/8/2020 - 13 Days Ago RealtorValue 105000 105000 122300 0 122300 11276.25 6930 $89,250.00 $14,843.75 View Details
1/10/2020 11/4/2019 1/18/2020 1/10/2020 Access for Free 06053 1953 11/4/2019 - 78 Days Ago Keyword 139900 149900 150200 0 150200 10764 9233.4 $111,920.00 $18,282.60 View Details
1/9/2020 1/7/2020 1/21/2020 1/9/2020 Access for Free 01128 1948 1/7/2020 - 14 Days Ago RealtorValue 282500 282500 444318 258200 271110 357714 28161 18645 $254,250.00 $56,658.00 View Details
1/8/2020 8/28/2019 1/21/2020 1/8/2020 Access for Free 01027 1760 8/28/2019 - 146 Days Ago RealtorValue 237000 340000 270200 221900 232995 251597.5 14472 15642 $189,600.00 $31,883.50 View Details
1/7/2020 1/5/2020 1/7/2020 1/7/2020 Access for Free 01089 1943 1/5/2020 - 16 Days Ago RealtorValue 50000 50000 64379 0 64379 4869 3300 $45,000.00 $11,210.00 View Details
1/6/2020 11/16/2019 1/21/2020 1/6/2020 Access for Free 01108 1897 11/16/2019 - 66 Days Ago RealtorValue 169999 169999 215379 160200 168210 191794.5 23931 11219.934 $135,999.20 $20,644.37 View Details
1/6/2020 1/3/2020 1/6/2020 1/6/2020 Access for Free 01129 1975 1/3/2020 - 18 Days Ago RealtorValue 163900 163900 213474 139800 146790 180132 13626 10817.4 $131,120.00 $24,568.60 View Details
1/6/2020 1/4/2020 1/21/2020 1/6/2020 Access for Free 01109 1924 1/4/2020 - 17 Days Ago RealtorValue 104900 104900 142200 108000 113400 127800 11061 6923.4 $94,410.00 $15,405.60 View Details
1/4/2020 1/2/2020 1/4/2020 1/4/2020 Access for Free 01085 1958 1/2/2020 - 19 Days Ago RealtorValue 215000 215000 245436 191900 201495 223465.5 12204 14190 $172,000.00 $25,071.50 View Details
1/4/2020 12/5/2019 1/4/2020 1/4/2020 Access for Free 01001 1952 12/5/2019 - 47 Days Ago RealtorValue 174900 179900 196900 184500 193725 195312.5 8712 11543.4 $157,410.00 $17,647.10 View Details
1/3/2020 1/1/2020 1/18/2020 1/3/2020 Access for Free 06053 1985 1/1/2020 - 20 Days Ago RealtorValue 90000 90000 116800 75390 79159.5 97979.75 8960 5940 $72,000.00 $11,079.75 View Details
1/2/2020 12/31/2019 1/21/2020 1/2/2020 Access for Free 01104 1952 12/31/2019 - 21 Days Ago RealtorValue 124000 124000 149100 120100 126105 137602.5 9567 8184 $105,400.00 $14,451.50 View Details
1/1/2020 10/25/2019 1/20/2020 1/1/2020 Access for Free 01030 1979 10/25/2019 - 88 Days Ago Desperate 199900 219900 0 201000 211050 211050 10584 13193.4 $159,920.00 $27,352.60 View Details
12/31/2019 12/28/2019 1/7/2020 12/31/2019 Access for Free 01085 1985 12/28/2019 - 24 Days Ago RealtorValue 334900 334900 568400 297500 312375 440387.5 24500 22103.4 $301,410.00 $92,374.10 View Details
12/30/2019 6/13/2019 1/20/2020 12/30/2019 Access for Free 06106 1900 6/13/2019 - 222 Days Ago RealtorValue 94900 129900 126600 0 126600 13824 6263.4 $85,410.00 $21,102.60 View Details
12/27/2019 12/25/2019 12/31/2019 12/27/2019 Access for Free 01085 1952 12/25/2019 - 27 Days Ago RealtorValue 199900 199900 228984 178300 187215 208099.5 10152 13193.4 $159,920.00 $24,834.10 View Details
12/27/2019 9/21/2019 1/1/2020 12/27/2019 Access for Free 01001 1900 9/21/2019 - 122 Days Ago RealtorValue 407900 434900 504000 0 504000 31500 26921.4 $367,110.00 $78,468.60 View Details
12/26/2019 8/6/2019 12/26/2019 12/26/2019 Access for Free 06071 1932 8/6/2019 - 168 Days Ago Desperate 875000 989000 944800 0 944800 42795 57750 $743,750.00 $100,505.00 View Details
12/26/2019 6/20/2019 12/26/2019 12/26/2019 Access for Free 06071 1969 6/20/2019 - 215 Days Ago Desperate 304900 349900 326000 0 326000 22842 20123.4 $243,920.00 $39,114.60 View Details
12/26/2019 10/7/2019 12/26/2019 12/26/2019 Access for Free 06082 1945 10/7/2019 - 106 Days Ago Desperate 189900 212900 201300 0 201300 13842 12533.4 $151,920.00 $23,004.60 View Details
12/26/2019 11/7/2019 12/26/2019 12/26/2019 Access for Free 06082 1969 11/7/2019 - 75 Days Ago RealtorValue 180000 180000 227584 151660 159243 193413.5 16128 11880 $144,000.00 $21,405.50 View Details
12/26/2019 7/1/2019 12/26/2019 12/26/2019 Access for Free 06082 1985 7/1/2019 - 204 Days Ago RealtorValue 239900 239900 311912 0 311912 21490 15833.4 $215,910.00 $58,678.60 View Details
12/26/2019 9/6/2019 12/26/2019 12/26/2019 Access for Free 06082 1956 9/6/2019 - 137 Days Ago Desperate 154900 174900 167600 0 167600 10530 10223.4 $123,920.00 $22,926.60 View Details
12/26/2019 9/20/2019 12/26/2019 12/26/2019 Access for Free 06082 1925 9/20/2019 - 123 Days Ago RealtorValue 159900 159900 221166 0 221166 20106 10553.4 $143,910.00 $46,596.60 View Details
12/26/2019 10/29/2019 12/26/2019 12/26/2019 Access for Free 06082 1957 10/29/2019 - 84 Days Ago RealtorValue 110000 110000 151710 108810 114250.5 132980.25 10503 7260 $99,000.00 $16,217.25 View Details
12/26/2019 11/19/2019 12/26/2019 12/26/2019 Access for Free 06082 1940 11/19/2019 - 63 Days Ago RealtorValue 182950 198750 205520 0 205520 13212 12074.7 $155,507.50 $24,725.80 View Details
12/26/2019 12/18/2019 12/26/2019 12/26/2019 Access for Free 06082 1900 12/18/2019 - 34 Days Ago RealtorValue 174000 174000 194535 0 194535 17685 11484 $147,900.00 $17,466.00 View Details
12/26/2019 9/25/2019 12/26/2019 12/26/2019 Access for Free 06082 1984 9/25/2019 - 118 Days Ago RealtorValue 145595 149900 160800 0 160800 10800 9609.27 $123,755.75 $16,634.98 View Details
12/26/2019 9/10/2019 12/26/2019 12/26/2019 Access for Free 06082 1988 9/10/2019 - 133 Days Ago Desperate 129900 144900 137200 0 137200 8640 8573.4 $103,920.00 $16,066.60 View Details
12/26/2019 3/15/2019 12/26/2019 12/26/2019 Access for Free 06082 1920 3/15/2019 - 312 Days Ago Tax 49500 49900 0 59760 62748 62748 14526 3267 $39,600.00 $5,355.00 View Details
12/26/2019 9/29/2019 12/26/2019 12/26/2019 Access for Free 06076 1933 9/29/2019 - 114 Days Ago RealtorValue 54900 69900 68100 71260 74823 71461.5 5850 3623.4 $49,410.00 $12,578.10 View Details
12/26/2019 8/22/2019 12/26/2019 12/26/2019 Access for Free 06076 1870 8/22/2019 - 152 Days Ago RealtorValue 30000 35000 50700 0 50700 17280 1980 $25,500.00 $5,940.00 View Details
12/26/2019 6/10/2019 12/26/2019 12/26/2019 Access for Free 06078 1834 6/10/2019 - 225 Days Ago RealtorValue 329900 389900 381800 353430 371101.5 376450.75 38034 21773.4 $280,415.00 $36,228.35 View Details
12/26/2019 8/19/2019 12/26/2019 12/26/2019 Access for Free 06078 1972 8/19/2019 - 155 Days Ago RealtorValue 149700 152000 243320 103320 108486 175903 13860 9880.2 $134,730.00 $17,432.80 View Details
12/26/2019 10/29/2019 12/26/2019 12/26/2019 Access for Free 06082 1929 10/29/2019 - 84 Days Ago RealtorValue 96000 96000 141372 86320 90636 116004 12852 6336 $86,400.00 $10,416.00 View Details
12/26/2019 7/1/2019 12/26/2019 12/26/2019 Access for Free 01007 1835 7/1/2019 - 204 Days Ago RealtorValue 995000 1400000 1344000 0 1344000 46458 65670 $895,500.00 $336,372.00 View Details
12/26/2019 7/28/2019 12/26/2019 12/26/2019 Access for Free 01056 1936 7/28/2019 - 177 Days Ago Desperate 499000 549900 511500 0 511500 25344 32934 $399,200.00 $54,022.00 View Details
12/26/2019 9/18/2019 12/26/2019 12/26/2019 Access for Free 01056 1952 9/18/2019 - 125 Days Ago RealtorValue 364900 389900 395896 336100 352905 374400.5 21726 24083.4 $291,920.00 $36,671.10 View Details
12/26/2019 10/2/2019 12/26/2019 12/26/2019 Access for Free 01056 1984 10/2/2019 - 111 Days Ago RealtorValue 259900 259900 365392 221600 232680 299036 20052 17153.4 $233,910.00 $27,920.60 View Details
12/26/2019 7/15/2019 12/26/2019 12/26/2019 Access for Free 01056 1954 7/15/2019 - 190 Days Ago RealtorValue 122670 122670 148500 125800 132090 140295 15000 8096.22 $104,269.50 $12,929.28 View Details
12/26/2019 8/17/2019 12/26/2019 12/26/2019 Access for Free 01033 1963 8/17/2019 - 157 Days Ago Keyword 191000 209000 203900 189600 199080 201490 9594 12606 $152,800.00 $26,490.00 View Details
12/26/2019 10/1/2019 12/26/2019 12/26/2019 Access for Free 01033 1989 10/1/2019 - 112 Days Ago Keyword 370000 390000 379200 354700 372435 375817.5 16089 24420 $296,000.00 $39,308.50 View Details
12/26/2019 8/28/2019 12/26/2019 12/26/2019 Access for Free 01028 1955 8/28/2019 - 146 Days Ago Desperate 175000 195000 189700 158800 166740 178220 10089 11550 $140,000.00 $16,581.00 View Details
12/26/2019 6/27/2019 12/26/2019 12/26/2019 Access for Free 01069 1950 6/27/2019 - 208 Days Ago RealtorValue 130750 145000 145800 149700 157185 151492.5 10503 8629.5 $117,675.00 $14,685.00 View Details
12/26/2019 10/16/2019 12/26/2019 12/26/2019 Access for Free 01069 1800 10/16/2019 - 97 Days Ago RealtorValue 137500 150000 150100 153800 161490 155795 15948 9075 $116,875.00 $13,897.00 View Details
12/26/2019 8/28/2019 12/26/2019 12/26/2019 Access for Free 01075 1985 8/28/2019 - 146 Days Ago Keyword 475000 519900 508000 487700 512085 510042.5 29085 31350 $380,000.00 $69,607.50 View Details
12/26/2019 8/8/2019 12/26/2019 12/26/2019 Access for Free 01080 1837 8/8/2019 - 166 Days Ago RealtorValue 120000 145000 135500 152000 159600 147550 6912 7920 $108,000.00 $24,718.00 View Details
12/26/2019 7/12/2019 12/26/2019 12/26/2019 Access for Free 01081 1800 7/12/2019 - 193 Days Ago RealtorValue 130000 160000 161500 189600 199080 180290 17064 8580 $117,000.00 $37,646.00 View Details
12/26/2019 8/12/2019 12/26/2019 12/26/2019 Access for Free 01073 1953 8/12/2019 - 162 Days Ago RealtorValue 166000 175000 181600 216800 227640 204620 11061 10956 $149,400.00 $33,203.00 View Details
12/26/2019 9/4/2018 12/26/2019 12/26/2019 Access for Free 01057 1968 9/4/2018 - 504 Days Ago RealtorValue 175000 178000 233400 191600 201180 217290 17316 11550 $157,500.00 $30,924.00 View Details
12/26/2019 4/13/2019 12/26/2019 12/26/2019 Access for Free 01092 1882 4/13/2019 - 283 Days Ago RealtorValue 121900 134900 133000 141500 148575 140787.5 21780 8045.4 $97,520.00 $13,442.10 View Details
12/26/2019 8/28/2019 12/26/2019 12/26/2019 Access for Free 01095 1986 8/28/2019 - 146 Days Ago Tax 485000 503800 500400 512000 537600 519000 29350.5 32010 $388,000.00 $69,639.50 View Details
12/26/2019 10/24/2018 12/26/2019 12/26/2019 Access for Free 01095 1850 10/24/2018 - 454 Days Ago RealtorValue 100000 100000 136200 122700 128835 132517.5 12177 6600 $90,000.00 $23,740.50 View Details
12/26/2019 11/8/2019 12/26/2019 12/26/2019 Access for Free 06016 1973 11/8/2019 - 74 Days Ago Keyword 250000 265000 252700 0 252700 15678 16500 $200,000.00 $20,522.00 View Details
12/26/2019 3/14/2019 12/26/2019 12/26/2019 Access for Free 01106 1957 3/14/2019 - 313 Days Ago Tax 339900 429900 0 369400 387870 387870 24048 22433.4 $305,910.00 $35,478.60 View Details
12/25/2019 12/24/2019 1/21/2020 12/25/2019 Access for Free 01108 1901 12/24/2019 - 28 Days Ago Tax 99900 99900 163200 119600 125580 144390 23787 6593.4 $89,910.00 $24,099.60 View Details
12/25/2019 12/24/2019 1/21/2020 12/25/2019 Access for Free 01027 1980 12/24/2019 - 28 Days Ago RealtorValue 274900 274900 305700 268000 281400 293550 13700 18143.4 $233,665.00 $28,041.60 View Details
12/24/2019 10/24/2019 1/1/2020 12/24/2019 Access for Free 01089 1930 10/24/2019 - 89 Days Ago RealtorValue 128150 134900 181300 169100 177555 179427.5 11484 8457.9 $115,335.00 $44,150.60 View Details
12/23/2019 12/21/2019 1/21/2020 12/23/2019 Access for Free 01085 1925 12/21/2019 - 31 Days Ago Tax 205000 205000 0 219000 229950 229950 20664 13530 $174,250.00 $21,506.00 View Details
12/20/2019 12/17/2019 1/21/2020 12/20/2019 Access for Free 01020 1962 12/17/2019 - 35 Days Ago RealtorValue 184900 184900 216700 190300 199815 208257.5 9828 12203.4 $166,410.00 $19,816.10 View Details
12/19/2019 12/17/2019 1/13/2020 12/19/2019 Access for Free 01118 1987 12/17/2019 - 35 Days Ago RealtorValue 194900 194900 266220 189100 198555 232387.5 15147 12863.4 $175,410.00 $28,967.10 View Details
12/19/2019 12/18/2019 1/6/2020 12/19/2019 Access for Free 01118 1943 12/18/2019 - 34 Days Ago RealtorValue 109900 109900 143100 126200 132510 137805 7758 7253.4 $98,910.00 $23,883.60 View Details
12/19/2019 10/5/2019 1/21/2020 12/19/2019 Access for Free 01108 1924 10/5/2019 - 108 Days Ago RealtorValue 179900 180000 250920 0 250920 27540 11873.4 $161,910.00 $49,596.60 View Details
12/17/2019 11/21/2019 1/3/2020 12/17/2019 Access for Free 06051 1989 11/21/2019 - 61 Days Ago RealtorValue 107000 109999 129000 0 129000 6975 7062 $96,300.00 $18,663.00 View Details
12/17/2019 12/13/2019 1/18/2020 12/17/2019 Access for Free 06053 1959 12/13/2019 - 39 Days Ago RealtorValue 124900 124900 172200 89600 94080 133140 13005 8243.4 $99,920.00 $11,971.60 View Details
12/16/2019 8/14/2019 1/20/2020 12/16/2019 Access for Free 06114 1910 8/14/2019 - 160 Days Ago RealtorValue 234900 249900 251316 0 251316 28998 15503.4 $187,920.00 $18,894.60 View Details
12/16/2019 12/13/2019 1/21/2020 12/16/2019 Access for Free 01109 1895 12/13/2019 - 39 Days Ago RealtorValue 208000 208000 228540 0 228540 26370 13728 $166,400.00 $22,042.00 View Details
** Motivated Sellers are sellers who have come to us through Google and filled out a form saying they need to sell their home very fast for different reasons. This is a list of motivated sellers in your state, as selected from your Primary Investment Zip selected on the Home Tab.
Super Awesome "Platinum" Deal Price $7,620.00 below tax
Why Selling: Relocating
Asking : $460000
Repairs : $0.00
Estimated Value * : $475,000.00
* Estimated Current Value of House by Seller
House is well maintained with new roof, new floors, newly rennovated bathroom and new baseboard heating
Super Awesome "Platinum" Deal Price $10,260.00 below tax
Why Selling: Moving
Wilton CT 06897
Legal accessory apartment with bed, bath, kitchen, dining room, fireplace, screened porch. All on 3.66 acres.
Use the Black tabs above to navigate the properties!!
Below Appraisal properties are homes for sale that are listed on the market at BELOW County Tax Appraised Value. We are able to aggregate this list by matching public tax valuations with sale prices. You will not find a list like this anywhere else. Enjoy!
New Britain CT 06051
Asking : $25,000.00
Tax Appraised Value : $32,620.00
$7,620.00 Below Tax Appraisal
HappyInvestor.com saved you hours of time by "Cherry Picking" this excellent deal for you from the For Sale records!
23.36% Below Tax Value
$7,620.00 Below Appraisal *****
$10,260.00 Below Tax Appraisal
$10,260.00 Below Appraisal *****
Windsor Locks CT 06096
Tax Appraised Value : $120,330.00
Springfield MA 01108
Westhampton MA 01027
Holyoke MA 01040
7.77% Below Tax Value
West Springfield MA 01089
Asking : $105,000.00
Granby MA 01033
Chicopee MA 01020
Montgomery MA 01085
Agawam MA 01001
Longmeadow MA 01106
$284,300.00 Below Tax Appraisal
$284,300.00 Below Appraisal *****
Wilbraham MA 01095
Use the Black tabs above to navigate the properties!
Discounted properties are homes for sale that are listed well below Trulia, Zillow, or other estimate measures. You will not find a list like this anywhere else. Enjoy!
Topeka KS 66605
"Cherry Picked" using Advanced Analytics
Desperate Seller Property!
Seller is Motivated. Make Offer!
Woodbury NJ 08096
Below Tax Appraisal!
Tax Appraised at $107,400
Priced well below County Appraisal!
Roselle NJ 07203
Priced Below Appraisal!
Appraised at: $271,300
Priced $46,300 below Appraisal Value!
Laredo TX 78040
Oswego IL 60543
Appraised at: $87,700
Inglewood CA 90302
Priced $120,000 below Appraisal Value!
Lake Wales FL 33898
Tax Appraised at $72,354
Soddy Daisy TN 37379
Charleston SC 29403
Price Reduced by $102,500
Monroe LA 71202
Lubbock TX 79413
Overland Park KS 66224
Motivated Seller
Investor-Deal. Make Offer!
Athens GA 30606
Clovis NM 88101
La Grange KY 40031
Kennesaw GA 30144
Muskogee OK 74403
Mount Washington KY 40047
Baltimore MD 21205
Kansas City MO 64123
Hollywood FL 33020
Marietta GA 30008
Arvada CO 80002
Cambridge OH 43725
Kansas City KS 66106
Redmond WA 98052
Graham NC 27253
Greenville MS 38701
Priced $8,200 below Appraisal Value!
Wildomar CA 92595
Garfield NJ 07026
Staten Island NY 10301
Pensacola FL 32501
Saint George UT 84770
Decatur GA 30032
Oneonta NY 13820
Super Deal!
Beckley WV 25801
Yakima WA 98908
Peoria IL 61603
Oakland CA 94601
Huntington WV 25701
Dewey Humboldt AZ 86327
Wenatchee WA 98801
Saint Louis MO 63116
Durham NC 27703
Manhattan NY 10019
Middletown OH 45044
Wausau WI 54403
Sold As-Is
Westminster MD 21157
Detroit MI 48238
Columbus OH 43205
Investment Rental Property
Taylor MI 48180
Meriden CT 06451
Sterling Heights MI 48312
Upper Nazareth Township PA 18064
Akron OH 44312
Happy Investor saved you hours of time by "Cherry Picking" this excellent deal for you from the For Sale records!
Original Price: $114,000.00
Recent Price Change or Update: 1/18/2020!
Hartford CT 06112
Original Price: $95,000.00
Recent Price Change or Update: 12/25/2019!
Recent Price Change or Update: 1/2/2020!
Recent Price Change or Update: 12/7/2019!
Original Price: $2,200,000.00
Northampton MA 01060
Easthampton MA 01027
Researched Value : $33,400.00
$3,400.00 Below Researched Value
Below Researched Value
$3,400.00 Below Researched Value *****
Stafford CT 06076
$20,700.00 Below Researched Value
$20,700.00 Below Researched Value *****
Researched Value : $117,900.00
$130,300.00 Below Researched Value
$130,300.00 Below Researched Value *****
** Lenders are individuals that have come to us and filled out a form saying they would like to lend on real estate. Most of them prefer a collateral-backed real estate loan over investing in an unsecure stock market. If you're tired of paying high hard-money rates or filling out too many forms for a rental property loan and have a property you would like to buy? We reccommend letting one of these Lenders know about your flip or rental property. Negotiate the rate, years, and your down payment with them and have a local real estate attorney close the deal for you. Enjoy!
Greg - Lending $250,000.00
Lender Name : Greg Ellis
Lender Type : individual
5% Rate
Lending: Nationwide
Lending at 5%
Jeff - Lending $500,000.00
Lender Name : Jeff Colton
Christopher - Lending $500,000.00
Lender Name : Christopher Cramer
Jim - Lending $100,000.00
Lender Name : Jim Beasley
Kevin - Lending $250,000.00
Lender Name : Kevin Hemphill
Ken - Lending $250,000.00
Lender Name : Ken Levasseur
Ben - Lending $250,000.00
Lender Name : Ben Silliman
Eric - Lending $50,000.00
Lender Name : Eric Kline
Arouna - Lending $50,000.00
Lender Name : Arouna Koroma
Jackie - Lending $50,000.00
Lender Name : Jackie Pabon
Jason - Lending $50,000.00
Lender Name : Jason May
Dan - Lending $100,000.00
Lender Name : Dan Predescu
Vi - Lending $50,000.00
Lender Name : Vi Bui
Mike - Lending $250,000.00
Lender Name : Mike Edwards
Jenny - Lending $50,000.00
Lender Name : Jenny Filteau
Teddy - Lending $50,000.00
Lender Name : Teddy Verdecia
Jinxin - Lending $100,000.00
Lender Name : Jinxin Wang
Luciano Eserom - Lending $500,000.00
Lender Name : Luciano Eserom Eserom
Timothy - Lending $100,000.00
Lender Name : Timothy Walker
Neal - Lending $100,000.00
Lender Name : Neal Jeff
Sandy - Lending $1,000,001.00
Lender Name : Sandy Starr
William - Lending $1,000,000.00
Lender Name : William Kubofcik
Sal - Lending $250,000.00
Lender Name : Sal Vesper
Mazen - Lending $250,000.00
Lender Name : Mazen Mansour
Khurshid - Lending $250,000.00
Lender Name : Khurshid Iqbal
Gloria - Lending $50,000.00
Lender Name : Gloria Erickson
Vip - Lending $50,000.00
Lender Name : Vip Shah
Reduced/Desperate Seller propeties are homes for sale that have been Reduced by at least 10% of the original sales price. These sellers are typically more desperate to sell their home fast. We are able to aggregate this list by tracking their previous sales prices. You will not find a list like this anywhere else. Enjoy!
Original Price : $35,000.00
List Date : 9/24/2019
Reduced Price by $10,000.00
Seller Has Reduced Price by $10,000.00 So Far. Make An Offer!
List Date : 8/1/2019
Ware MA 01082
Original Price : $106,000.00
East Windsor CT 06088
Reduced Price by $9,000.00
Seller Has Reduced Price by $9,000.00 So Far. Make An Offer!
List Date : 11/6/2019
List Date : 11/18/2019
Palmer MA 01080
These are properties that are flagged as "Investment" or "Fixer-Upper" deals. Enjoy!
Asking : $45000
Auction/Bid
Probate/Estate
Profit Potential
Flip - Needs Repairs
** REO Foreclosures are propeties sale that have gone through the foreclosure process and are now for sale by the banks. Banks are not legally allowed to profit from the sale of a repossessed asset and are therefore much more likely to price the home and take offers at far below actual value.
Bid : 179,900 or Less
Beds/Baths : 2 / 1.5
REO Auction
Beds/Baths : 3 / 1.00
Belchertown MA 01007
Bid : 74,900 or Less
Beds/Baths : 6 / 2
Feeding Hills MA 01030
GRANVILLE MA 01034
Monson MA 01057
Bid : 1,049,000 or Less
Avon CT 06001
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Home Training Microsoft SQL Server Raleigh, North Carolina
Microsoft SQL Server Training Classes in Raleigh, North Carolina
Learn Microsoft SQL Server in Raleigh, NorthCarolina and surrounding areas via our hands-on, expert led courses. All of our classes either are offered on an onsite, online or public instructor led basis. Here is a list of our current Microsoft SQL Server related training offerings in Raleigh, North Carolina: Microsoft SQL Server Training
Raleigh Upcoming Instructor Led Online and Public Microsoft SQL Server Training Classes
Microsoft SQL AlwaysOn and High Availability for SQL 2016 Training/Class 17 February, 2020 - 18 February, 2020 $1190
Microsoft SQL Server Training Catalog
10777: Implementing a Data Warehouse with Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Class in Raleigh, North Carolina
10977: Updating Your SQL Server Skills to Microsoft SQL Server 2014 Class in Raleigh, North Carolina
20463: Implementing a Data Warehouse with Microsoft SQL Server Class in Raleigh, North Carolina
20464: Developing Microsoft SQL Server Databases Class in Raleigh, North Carolina
20465: Designing Database Solutions for Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Class in Raleigh, North Carolina
20466: Implementing Data Models and Reports with Microsoft SQL Server Class in Raleigh, North Carolina
20467: Designing Business Intelligence Solutions with Microsoft SQLServer 2012 Class in Raleigh, North Carolina
20778: Analyzing Data With Power BI Class in Raleigh, North Carolina
2778: Writing Queries using Microsoft SQL Server 2008 Transact-SQL Class in Raleigh, North Carolina
55005: Microsoft Report Builder 3.0 with SQL 2008R2, 2012 and 2014 Class in Raleigh, North Carolina
55232: Writing Analytical Queries for Business Intelligence Class in Raleigh, North Carolina
6234: SQL Server 2008 Analysis Services Class in Raleigh, North Carolina
6236: Implementing and Maintaining Microsoft SQL Server 2008 ReportingServices Class in Raleigh, North Carolina
Implementing & Maintaining SQL Server 2008 R2 Deep Dive Bootcamp w/1 Exam Voucher Class in Raleigh, North Carolina
Implementing a Data Warehouse with Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Class in Raleigh, North Carolina
Microsoft Power BI OnLine Class in Raleigh, North Carolina
Microsoft SQL AlwaysOn and High Availability for SQL 2016 Class in Raleigh, North Carolina
cost: $ 1190length: 2-3 day(s)
Microsoft SQL Report Builder 2016 Class in Raleigh, North Carolina
Querying Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Class in Raleigh, North Carolina
Quick Mobile Reports with SQL 2016 Class in Raleigh, North Carolina
SQL Server 2008 Analysis Services (SSAS) Class in Raleigh, North Carolina
SQL Server 2008 Integration Services (SSIS) Class in Raleigh, North Carolina
20779: Analyzing Data With Excel Class in Raleigh, North Carolina
DOCKER WITH KUBERNETES ADMINISTRATION
C++ Programming for C Programmers
Microsoft Office Word 2013: Part 1
iPhone-Maps
[Oct, 27, 2012] |
One of the most recent updates to the iPhone, and more specifically the operating system that is packaged with the iPhone, iOS, brought one of the most fantastic and phenomenal updates ever: an update to Maps. Maps has been used as an application that provides an easy way to find routes, and (obviously) maps about certain areas, businesses in the local vicinity, and also leaving pins on favorited locations, or pins where you have explored, and for many other reasons. However, although Maps has always been a great way to travel with, it has always been redundant to travel with, also. When you used Maps a while ago, you had to route your map, and then manually click each next button as you reached each turn or freeway exit, and the like. So, if you had to turn left on a certain street, you had to tell your phone you had done so, so it would give you the next directions. As a result, it could become very dangerous to always have your phone out, looking at it, while you are on a high-speed freeway. But, the newest update solved that, and brought a great amount of new features.
Using Maps GPS
Using Maps is as easy as it gets. Most of the time, when you are using Maps, you are using it to search for a location, and finding a way to get there. To start off, let’s search for the nearest mall, and routes to get there. Simply search a nearby mall you know about, or search the general word “mall” by tapping on the top text box, and typing in mall, and searching. Pins will drop down on the screen, and locating the mall by zooming into certain streets and locations will help you find the mall you want. Once you find the mall you desire to go to, click on the blue arrow, and scroll down, and tap on the button that says “Directions To Here.”
As a result of tapping on that particular button, a new window should show up asking where your starting location is. On default, this location is your current location; if it is anything else, simply type in the starting location into the top address bar, such as your house. Once you are ready to go, tap on route, and you should be ready to go. Well, not exactly. One of the best features that has been implemented in the new system is suggested routes, and alternative routes. If you don’t like to drive on certain streets, or roads, the system provides you with different methods to get to your destination, which may avoid a road you don’t feel like driving on that certain day, or time, or you simply don’t want to take the freeway. It’s all okay, as Maps provides you with many different routes to take. Once you find the route you want (by tapping on the certain route’s outline), click start, and you should be ready to go. Make sure you turn up your volume so you can hear the directions!
Maps for Alternative Transportation
How Does HTML 5 Compare with Flash?
[Jul, 24, 2012] |
Straight up and full disclosure. I'm prejudiced. As a research assignment, the heading is a joke. I'll give you the answer in two words, and then tell you why.
How does HTML 5 compare with flash? Answer: it doesn't.
Lest you think I dislike Adobe's Flash, let's put the cards on the table. I loved Flash. Long before Adobe was Adobe, they had a competitor called Macromedia. Adobe bought that firm. That made my life simpler. I only had to work with one vendor.
Flash was a pretty compelling solution. I used it to mimic operations in Windows to prepare people for the CompTIA exams. The only bugaboo was that dang right-click stuff. A little bit of code from the Microsoft Visual Studio .Net let me flip the left and right mouse buttons so that the right mouse button instead of controlling the Flash player, emulated doing a right-click in the Windows operating system.
How Would Current Technology Have Altered the JFK Tragedy?
[Dec, 09, 2013] |
It is hard not to wonder how current technology would have altered the events surrounding the tragic death of John F. Kennedy. On the afternoon of November 22, 1963, shots rang out in Dallas, TX, taking the life of JFK, one of the most beloved Americans. Given the same circumstances today, surely the advances in IT alone, would have drastically changed the outcome of that horrible day. Would the government have recognized that there was a viable threat looming over JFK? Would local and government agencies have been more prepared for a possible assassination attempt? Would the assortment of everyday communication devices assisted in the prevention of the assassination, not to mention, provided greater resources into the investigation? With all that the IT world has to offer today, how would it have altered the JFK tragedy?
As many conspiracy theories have rocked the foundation of the official story presented by government agencies, realization of the expansive nature of technology provides equal consideration as to how the event would have been changed had this technology been available during the time of the shooting. There were T.V. cameras, home 8mm recorders, even single shot-hand held cameras snapping away as the car caravan approached. Yet, there remains little documentation of the shooting and even less information pertaining to the precautions taken by officials prior to JFK's arrival. Theorists consider these possibilities along with how the world would have turned out had the great John F. Kennedynever been assassinated on that day.
New features of Windows 8 and how it compares to Windows 7
Sage wisdom states that there are two sides to every coin. This timeless wisdom will be borne out in spades with Windows 8/RT. Let's get into the dark side first.
If your users are veterans of Windows it is safe bet they are going to take one look at Windows 8 and scream blasphemy. Users whose brains are geared towards visual learning will undoubtedly yell the loudest and longest.
There's a good reason for this. Mick Jagger brought his band to the Redmond campus, performing live "Start Me Up" in the summer of 1995 (it was a great show). This heralded in the abandonment of program icons sitting on the desktop and introduced the now legacy Start button.
Ending the life of the 17-year-old start button is not going to go well with some users.
Tech Life in North Carolina
The University of North Carolina Chapel Hill is the oldest State University in the United States. There are significant ?firsts? in this state one being, the first state to own an art museum and second was to vote in the first African-American member, Hiram Rhoades Revels, into the United States Congress. Higher education is a given with a total of 2,425 public schools in the state, including 99 charter schools.
Teaching is only demonstrating that it is possible. Learning is making it possible for yourself. Paulo Coelho
Software developers near Raleigh have ample opportunities to meet like minded techie individuals, collaborate and expend their career choices by participating in Meet-Up Groups. The following is a list of Technology Groups in the area.
Asheville Coders League · TriDroid - NC Triangle Android Meetup · Triangle Python Users Group (formerly TriZPUG) ·
Fortune 500 and 1000 companies in North Carolina that offer opportunities for Microsoft SQL Server developers
Secondary Industry
Branch Banking and Trust / BBandT Winston Salem Financial Services Banks
UTC Aerospace Systems Charlotte Manufacturing Aerospace and Defense
R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Winston Salem Manufacturing Manufacturing Other
Family Dollar Stores, Inc. Matthews Retail Department Stores
Duke Energy Corporation Charlotte Energy and Utilities Gas and Electric Utilities
Lowe's Companies, Inc. Mooresville Retail Hardware and Building Material Dealers
Nucor Corporation Charlotte Manufacturing Metals Manufacturing
VF Corporation Greensboro Manufacturing Textiles, Apparel and Accessories
Bank of America Charlotte Financial Services Banks
Laboratory Corporation of America Burlington Healthcare, Pharmaceuticals and Biotech Diagnostic Laboratories
Sonic Automotive, Inc. Charlotte Retail Automobile Dealers
SPX Corporation Charlotte Manufacturing Tools, Hardware and Light Machinery
The Pantry, Inc. Cary Retail Gasoline Stations
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Annales Geophysicae
Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Biogeosciences
Climate of the Past
Earth Surface Dynamics
Earth System Dynamics
Geoscience Communication
Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems
Geoscientific Model Development
Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics
The Cryosphere
Weather and Climate Dynamics
Advances in Geosciences
Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Geoscientific Model Development An interactive open-access journal of the European Geosciences Union
Highlight articles
For editors and referees
Code and data policy
GMD editorial policy
EGU Highlight Articles
Updates of the model physics and chemistry
Installation, compilation and execution
FLEXPART input
FLEXPART output
Final remarks, outlook and future code development
Code and data availability
Appendix A: Installing FLEXPART and flex_extract
Appendix B: Running and testing FLEXPART
Appendix C: FLEXPART model versions
Review statement
GMD | Articles | Volume 12, issue 12
Geosci. Model Dev., 12, 4955–4997, 2019
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-4955-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue: The Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART
Model description paper 02 Dec 2019
Model description paper | 02 Dec 2019
The Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART version 10.4
The Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART version 10.4 The Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART version 10.4 Ignacio Pisso et al.
Ignacio Pisso1, Espen Sollum1, Henrik Grythe1, Nina I. Kristiansen1,a, Massimo Cassiani1, Sabine Eckhardt1, Delia Arnold2,3, Don Morton4, Rona L. Thompson1, Christine D. Groot Zwaaftink1, Nikolaos Evangeliou1, Harald Sodemann5, Leopold Haimberger6, Stephan Henne7, Dominik Brunner7, John F. Burkhart8, Anne Fouilloux8, Jerome Brioude9, Anne Philipp6,10, Petra Seibert11, and Andreas Stohl1 Ignacio Pisso et al. Ignacio Pisso1, Espen Sollum1, Henrik Grythe1, Nina I. Kristiansen1,a, Massimo Cassiani1, Sabine Eckhardt1, Delia Arnold2,3, Don Morton4, Rona L. Thompson1, Christine D. Groot Zwaaftink1, Nikolaos Evangeliou1, Harald Sodemann5, Leopold Haimberger6, Stephan Henne7, Dominik Brunner7, John F. Burkhart8, Anne Fouilloux8, Jerome Brioude9, Anne Philipp6,10, Petra Seibert11, and Andreas Stohl1
1Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Kjeller, Norway
2Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics (ZAMG), Vienna, Austria
3Arnold Scientific Consulting, Manresa, Spain
4Boreal Scientific Computing, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA
5Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
6Department of Meteorology and Geophysics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
7Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
8Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
9Laboratoire de l’Atmosphère et des Cyclones (LACy), UMR8105, Université de la Réunion – CNRS – Météo-France, Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France
10Aerosol Physics & Environmental Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
11Institute of Meteorology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
anow at: Met Office, FitzRoy Road, Exeter, EX1 3PB, UK
Correspondence: Ignacio Pisso (ip@nilu.no)
Received: 21 Dec 2018 – Discussion started: 28 Jan 2019 – Revised: 25 Jul 2019 – Accepted: 07 Aug 2019 – Published: 02 Dec 2019
The Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART in its original version in the mid-1990s was designed for calculating the long-range and mesoscale dispersion of hazardous substances from point sources, such as those released after an accident in a nuclear power plant. Over the past decades, the model has evolved into a comprehensive tool for multi-scale atmospheric transport modeling and analysis and has attracted a global user community. Its application fields have been extended to a large range of atmospheric gases and aerosols, e.g., greenhouse gases, short-lived climate forcers like black carbon and volcanic ash, and it has also been used to study the atmospheric branch of the water cycle. Given suitable meteorological input data, it can be used for scales from dozens of meters to global. In particular, inverse modeling based on source–receptor relationships from FLEXPART has become widely used. In this paper, we present FLEXPART version 10.4, which works with meteorological input data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Integrated Forecast System (IFS) and data from the United States National Centers of Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Forecast System (GFS). Since the last publication of a detailed FLEXPART description (version 6.2), the model has been improved in different aspects such as performance, physicochemical parameterizations, input/output formats, and available preprocessing and post-processing software. The model code has also been parallelized using the Message Passing Interface (MPI). We demonstrate that the model scales well up to using 256 processors, with a parallel efficiency greater than 75 % for up to 64 processes on multiple nodes in runs with very large numbers of particles. The deviation from 100 % efficiency is almost entirely due to the remaining nonparallelized parts of the code, suggesting large potential for further speedup. A new turbulence scheme for the convective boundary layer has been developed that considers the skewness in the vertical velocity distribution (updrafts and downdrafts) and vertical gradients in air density. FLEXPART is the only model available considering both effects, making it highly accurate for small-scale applications, e.g., to quantify dispersion in the vicinity of a point source. The wet deposition scheme for aerosols has been completely rewritten and a new, more detailed gravitational settling parameterization for aerosols has also been implemented. FLEXPART has had the option of running backward in time from atmospheric concentrations at receptor locations for many years, but this has now been extended to also work for deposition values and may become useful, for instance, for the interpretation of ice core measurements. To our knowledge, to date FLEXPART is the only model with that capability. Furthermore, the temporal variation and temperature dependence of chemical reactions with the OH radical have been included, allowing for more accurate simulations for species with intermediate lifetimes against the reaction with OH, such as ethane. Finally, user settings can now be specified in a more flexible namelist format, and output files can be produced in NetCDF format instead of FLEXPART's customary binary format. In this paper, we describe these new developments. Moreover, we present some tools for the preparation of the meteorological input data and for processing FLEXPART output data, and we briefly report on alternative FLEXPART versions.
Article (PDF, 3916 KB)
How to cite.
Pisso, I., Sollum, E., Grythe, H., Kristiansen, N. I., Cassiani, M., Eckhardt, S., Arnold, D., Morton, D., Thompson, R. L., Groot Zwaaftink, C. D., Evangeliou, N., Sodemann, H., Haimberger, L., Henne, S., Brunner, D., Burkhart, J. F., Fouilloux, A., Brioude, J., Philipp, A., Seibert, P., and Stohl, A.: The Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART version 10.4, Geosci. Model Dev., 12, 4955–4997, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-4955-2019, 2019.
1 Introduction
Multi-scale offline Lagrangian particle dispersion models (LPDMs) are versatile tools for simulating the transport and turbulent mixing of gases and aerosols in the atmosphere. Examples of such models are the Numerical Atmospheric-dispersion Modelling Environment (NAME) (Jones et al., 2007), the Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport (STILT) model (Lin et al., 2003), the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model (Stein et al., 2015) and the FLEXible PARTicle (FLEXPART) model (Stohl et al., 1998, 2005). LPDMs are stochastic models that compute trajectories for a large number of notional particles that do not represent real aerosol particles but points moving with the ambient flow. The trajectories represent the transport by mean flow as well as turbulent, diffusive transport by unresolved parameterized subgrid-scale transport processes (e.g., turbulence, meandering, deep convection, etc.) and can also include gravitational settling. Each particle carries a certain mass, which can be affected by loss processes such as radioactive decay, chemical loss, or dry and wet deposition.
The theoretical basis for most currently used atmospheric particle models was laid down by Thomson (1987). He introduced the criterion to formulate Lagrangian stochastic models that produce particle trajectories consistent with predefined Eulerian probability density functions in physical and velocity space. Rodean (1996) and Wilson and Sawford (1996) provided detailed descriptions of the theory and formulation of LPDMs in constant density flows and under different atmospheric stability conditions. Stohl and Thomson (1999) extended this to flows with vertically variable air density. An important characteristic of LPDMs is their ability to run backward in time in a framework that is theoretically consistent with both the Eulerian flow field and LPDM forward calculations. This was discussed by Thomson (1987, 1990), further developed by Flesch et al. (1995), and extended to global-scale dispersion by Stohl et al. (2003) and Seibert and Frank (2004). The more practical aspects and efficiency of LPDMs were discussed by Zannetti (1992) and Uliasz (1994). A history of their development was provided by Thomson and Wilson (2013).
Lagrangian models exhibit much less numerical diffusion than Eulerian or semi-Lagrangian models (e.g., Reithmeier and Sausen, 2002; Cassiani et al., 2016), even though some numerical errors also arise in the discretization of their stochastic differential equations (Ramli and Esler, 2016). Due to their low level of numerical diffusion, tracer filaments generated by dispersion in the atmosphere (Ottino, 1989) are much better captured in Lagrangian models than in Eulerian models. It has been noticed, for instance, that Eulerian models have difficulties simulating the fine tracer structures created by intercontinental pollution transport (Rastigejev et al., 2010), while these are well preserved in LPDMs (e.g., Stohl et al., 2003). Furthermore, in Eulerian models a tracer released from a point source is instantaneously mixed within a grid box, whereas Lagrangian models are independent of a computational grid and can account for point or line sources with potentially infinitesimal spatial resolution. When combined with their capability to run backward in time, this means that LPDMs can also be used to investigate the history of air parcels affecting, for instance, an atmospheric measurement site (e.g., for in situ monitoring of atmospheric composition).
The computational efficiency of LPDMs depends on the type of application. One important aspect is that their computational cost does not increase substantially with the number of species transported (excluding aerosol particles with different gravitational settling, for which trajectories deviate from each other), making multispecies simulations efficient. On the other hand, the computational time scales linearly with the number of particles used, while the statistical error in the model output decreases only with the square root of the particle density. Thus, it can be computationally costly to reduce statistical errors, and data input/output can require substantial additional resources. Generally, a high particle density can be achieved with a small number of released particles in the vicinity of a release location, where statistical errors, relative to simulated concentrations, are typically small. However, particle density and thus the relative accuracy of the results decrease with distance from the source. Methods should therefore be used to reduce the statistical error (e.g., Heinz et al., 2003), such as kernels or particle splitting, and it is important to quantify the statistical error.
1.1 The Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART
One of the most widely used LPDMs is the open-source model FLEXPART, which simulates the transport, diffusion, dry and wet deposition, radioactive decay, and 1st-order chemical reactions (e.g., OH oxidation) of tracers released from point, line, area or volume sources, or filling the whole atmosphere (Stohl et al., 1998, 2005). FLEXPART development started more than 2 decades ago (Stohl et al., 1998) and the model has been free software ever since it was first released. The status as a free software is formally established by releasing the code under the GNU General Public License (GPL) Version 3. However, the last peer-reviewed publication describing FLEXPART (version 6.2) was published as a technical note about 14 years ago (Stohl et al., 2005). Since then, while updates of FLEXPART's source code and a manual were made available from the web page at https://flexpart.eu/ (last access: 30 October 2019), no citable reference was provided. In this paper, we describe FLEXPART developments since Stohl et al. (2005), which led to the current version 10.4 (subsequently abbreviated as v10.4).
FLEXPART can be run either forward or backward in time. For forward simulations, particles are released from one or more sources and concentrations (or mixing ratios) are determined on a regular latitude–longitude–altitude grid. In backward mode, the location where particles are released represents a receptor (e.g., a measurement site). Like in the forward mode, particles are sampled on a latitude–longitude–altitude grid, which in this case corresponds to potential sources. The functional values obtained represent the source–receptor relationship (SRR) (Seibert and Frank, 2004), also called source–receptor sensitivity (Wotawa et al., 2003) or simply emission sensitivity, and are related to the particles' residence time in the output grid cells. Backward modeling is more efficient than forward modeling for calculating SRRs if the number of receptors is smaller than the number of (potential) sources. Seibert and Frank (2004) explained in detail the theory of backward modeling, and Stohl et al. (2003) gave a concrete backward modeling example. FLEXPART can also be used in a domain-filling mode whereby the entire atmosphere is represented by (e.g., a few million) particles of equal mass (Stohl and James, 2004). The number of particles required for domain-filling simulations, not unlike those needed for other types of simulations, depends on the scientific question to be answered. For instance, a few million particles distributed globally are often enough to investigate the statistical properties of air mass transport (e.g., monthly average residence times in a particular area that is not too small) but would not be enough for a case study of airstreams related to a particular synoptic situation (e.g., describing flow in the warm conveyor belt of a particular cyclone).
FLEXPART is an offline model that uses meteorological fields (analyses or forecasts) as input. Such data are available from several different numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. For the model version described here, v10.4, data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Integrated Forecast System (IFS) and data from the United States National Centers of Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Forecast System (GFS) can be used. Common spatial resolutions for IFS depending on the application include 1∘×1∘ at 3 h (standard for older products, e.g., ERA-Interim), 0.5∘×0.5∘ at 1 h (standard for newer products, e.g., ERA5) and 0.1∘×0.1∘ at 1 h (current ECMWF operational data). The ECMWF IFS model currently has 137 vertical levels. NCEP GFS input files are usually used at 1∘×1∘ horizontal resolution, with 64 vertical levels and 3 h time resolution. NCEP GFS input files are also available at 0.5∘×0.5∘ and 0.25∘×0.25∘ horizontal resolution. Other FLEXPART model branches have been developed for input data from various limited-area models, for example the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) meteorological model (Brioude et al., 2013) and the Consortium for Small-scale Modeling (COSMO) model (Oney, 2015), which extend the applicability of FLEXPART down to the meso-gamma scale. Notice that the turbulence parameterizations of FLEXPART are valid at even smaller scales. Another FLEXPART model version, FLEXPART–NorESM/CAM (Cassiani et al., 2016), uses the meteorological output data generated by the Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM1-M) with its atmospheric component CAM (Community Atmosphere Model). The current paper does not document these other model branches, but most share many features with FLEXPART v10.4 and some are briefly described in Appendix C. A key aspect of these model branches is the ability to read meteorological input other than that from ECMWF or NCEP.
1.2 FLEXPART and its history
FLEXPART's first version (v1) was a further development of the trajectory model FLEXTRA (Stohl et al., 1995) and was coded in Fortran 77. It provided gridded output of concentrations of chemical species and radionuclides. Its meteorological input data were based on the ECMWF-specific GRIB-1 (gridded binary) format. The model was first applied in an extensive validation study using measurements from three large-scale tracer experiments (Stohl et al., 1998). A deposition module was added in version 2. Version 3 saw improvements in performance and the addition of a subgrid-scale terrain effects parameterization. In v3.1 the output format was optimized (sparse matrix) and mixing ratio output could optionally be produced. It also allowed for the output of particle positions. Furthermore, a density correction was added to account for decreasing air density with height in the boundary layer (Stohl and Thomson, 1999). Further v3 releases included the addition of a convection scheme (Seibert et al., 2001) based on Emanuel and Živković-Rothman (1999), the option to calculate mass fluxes across grid cell faces and age spectra, and free format input (v3.2). The preliminary convection scheme of v3.2 was revised in v4 (see Forster et al., 2007). In v5 the output unit of backward calculations was changed to seconds and improvements in the input/output handling were made. Comprehensive validation of these early FLEXPART versions was done during intercontinental air pollution transport studies at the end of the 1990s and early 2000s (Stohl and Trickl, 1999; Forster et al., 2001; Spichtinger et al., 2001; Stohl et al., 2002, 2003). Special developments were also made in order to extend FLEXPART's forecasting capabilities for large-scale field campaigns (Stohl et al., 2004). Version 6.0 saw corrections to the numerics in the convection scheme, the addition of a domain-filling option used, for instance, in water cycle studies (Stohl and James, 2004) and the possibility to use nested output. Version 6.2, which added the ability to model sources and receptors in both mass and mixing ratio units (Seibert and Frank, 2004), is currently the last version described in a publication (Stohl et al., 2005). A separate sister model branch (v6.4) was adapted to run with NCEP GFS meteorological input data. The current paper describes the most important model developments since v6.2 (for ECMWF) and v6.4 (for GFS).
Version 8.0 unified the model branches based on ECMWF IFS and NCEP GFS input data in one source package but still required the building of two different executables. Importantly, Fortran 90 constructs were introduced in parts of the code, such as initial support for dynamic memory allocation. Furthermore, a global land use inventory was added, allowing for more accurate dry deposition calculations everywhere on the globe (before, land use data were provided only for Europe). The reading of the – at the time – newly introduced GRIB-2 format with the ECMWF grib_api library was implemented in v8.2. An option to calculate the sensitivity to initial conditions in backward model runs (in addition to the emission sensitivity calculations) was also implemented in v8.2. Version 8 was also the first version that distinguished between in-cloud and below-cloud scavenging for washout, relying on simple diagnostics for clouds based on grid-scale relative humidity. With a growing number of parameters defining removal processes, each species was given its own definition file, whereas in previous versions the properties for all species were contained in a single file. The gravitational settling scheme was improved in v8.2.1 (Stohl et al., 2011), and this is briefly described in this paper in section 2.3.
For v9, the code was transformed to the Fortran 90 free-form source format. The option to read the run specifications from Fortran namelists instead of the standard input files was introduced, as described in Sect. 5 of this paper. This change was motivated by the resulting greater flexibility, in particular with regard to setting default values, optional arguments, when new developments require adding new parameters and when specifying parameter lists. In addition, an option to produce output in compressed NetCDF 4 format was provided (see Sect. 6.3). Another option to write some model output only for the first vertical layer to save storage space for inverse modeling applications was also introduced (Thompson and Stohl, 2014) (see Sect. 2.6).
1.3 FLEXPART version 10.4
For v10.4 of FLEXPART, described in this paper, several more changes and improvements were made. First, an optional new scheme applying more realistic skewed rather than Gaussian turbulence statistics in the convective atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) was developed (Sect. 2.1). Second, the wet deposition scheme for aerosols was totally revised (Grythe et al., 2017), introducing dependencies on aerosol size, precipitation type (rain or snow), and distinguishing between in-cloud and below-cloud scavenging (see Sect. 2.4). The code now also allows for the reading of three-dimensional (3-D) cloud water fields from meteorological input files. Third, a method to calculate the sensitivity of deposited quantities to sources in backward mode was developed (Sect. 2.5) Fourth, chemical reactions with the hydroxyl radical (OH) are now made dependent on the temperature and vary sub-monthly (Sect. 2.7). Fifth, large parts of the code were parallelized using the Message Passing Interface (MPI), thus facilitating a substantial speedup for certain applications (see Sect. 3), and the code was unified so that a single executable can now use both ECMWF and GFS input data. Sixth, a dust mobilization scheme that can be run as a FLEXPART preprocessor was developed (Sect. 2.8). Seventh, the software used to retrieve data from the ECMWF has been modernized and can now also be used by scientists from non-ECMWF member states (Sect. 5.2.1). Finally, a testing environment was created that allows users to verify their FLEXPART installation and compare results (Sect. 7).
Despite the many changes and additions, in large part the operation of FLEXPART v10.4 still resembles the original version 1 design. Throughout this paper, we avoid repeating information on aspects of the model that have not changed since earlier model descriptions. The paper should therefore always be considered together with the publications of Stohl et al. (1998, 2005). To provide the necessary context for the rest of this paper, we provide a brief overview of the FLEXPART v10.4 directory structure in Table 1. The source code is contained in directory src. The pathnames of the input and output directories are stated in the file pathnames read by the FLEXPART executable. The directory options contains the parameters that define a run in files such as COMMAND (e.g., start and end times of the simulation, output frequency, etc.), RELEASES (definition of the particle releases), OUTGRID (output grid specifications) and others. All the output is written in a directory unique for each run. There are also other directories containing the model testing environment and example runs, as well as preprocessing and post-processing software (see Table 1).
Sensu stricto FLEXPART consists of the (Fortran) source files required to build an executable, not including external libraries such as those needed for input reading. The makefiles and the sample input as provided in the “options” may also be included under this term. However, in order to do real work with FLEXPART, one also needs to obtain meteorological input data (in the case of the ECMWF this is not trivial, so the flex_extract package is provided), and one needs to do post-processing. This is the reason why we include a selection of such tools here.
Table 1Directory structure overview of the FLEXPART v10.4 software distribution. All listed directories are subdirectories of the installation root directory $flexhome/.
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2 Updates of the model physics and chemistry
This section gives an overview of the main updates of the model physics and chemistry since the last published FLEXPART version, v6.2 (Stohl et al., 2005). Some developments have been published already separately, and in such cases we keep the description short, focusing on technical aspects of the implementation in FLEXPART that are important for model users or demonstrating applications not covered in the original papers.
2.1 Boundary layer turbulence
Subgrid-scale atmospheric motions unresolved by the meteorological input data need to be parameterized in FLEXPART. This is done by adding stochastic fluctuations based on Langevin equations for the particle velocity components (Stohl et al., 2005). In the ABL, the stochastic differential equations are formulated according to the well-mixed criteria proposed by Thomson (1987). Until FLEXPART version 9.2, the Eulerian probability density functions (PDFs) for the three velocity components were assumed to be three independent Gaussian PDFs. However, for the vertical velocity component, the Gaussian turbulence model is well suited only for stable and neutral conditions. In the convective ABL (CBL), turbulence is skewed since a larger area is occupied by downdrafts than by updrafts (e.g., Stull, 1988; Luhar and Britter, 1989). In such conditions, the Gaussian turbulence model is not appropriate for sources within the ABL, as it cannot reproduce the observed upward bending of plumes from near-ground sources or the rapid downward transport of plumes from elevated sources (Venkatram and Wyngaard, 1988). However, the Gaussian approximation has negligible influence once the tracer is mixed throughout the whole ABL.
Cassiani et al. (2015) developed an alternative Langevin equation model for the vertical particle velocity including both skewed turbulence and a vertical density gradient, which is now implemented in FLEXPART v10.4. This scheme can be activated by setting the switch CBL to 1 in the file COMMAND. In this case, the time step requirement for numerical stability is much more stringent than for the standard Gaussian turbulence model (typically, values of CTL=10 and IFINE=10 are required, also set in the file COMMAND). Therefore, also considering that the computation time required for each time step is about 2.5 times that of the standard Gaussian formulation, the CBL option is much more computationally demanding and not recommended for large-scale applications. However, for studies of tracer dispersion in the vicinity of individual point sources, the CBL option is essential to reproduce the characteristic features of CBL dispersion (Weil, 1985), while the additional computational burden remains tolerable.
Figure 1 shows a comparison between two simulations of dispersion from an elevated source, with the skewed and with the Gaussian turbulence model. It can be seen that the maximum time-averaged ground-level concentration is about 30 % higher for the skewed turbulence parameterization. This is the result of the plume centerline tilting downward to the surface in the vicinity of the source for the skewed turbulence case due to downdrafts being more frequent than updrafts. The plume also spreads faster in this case. These results are similar to those obtained by others (e.g., Luhar and Britter, 1989).
Figure 1Comparison of FLEXPART results obtained with the skewed turbulence parameterization (a) and with the Gaussian turbulence parameterization (b). Shown are the tracer concentrations integrated over all latitudes as a function of altitude and longitude. The simulations used a point source emitting 100 kg of tracer per hour for a period starting on 1 July 2017 at 12:00 UTC and ending at 13:30 UTC. The source was located near Vienna (Austria) at 47.9157∘ N and 16.3274∘ E, 250 m above ground level. Results are averaged for the time period 12:40 to 13:00 UTC. Notice that the maximum ground-level concentration in panel (a) (ca. 7 mg m−2) is about 30 % higher than in panel (b) (5 mg m−2).
It is important to note that the CBL formulation smoothly transits to a standard Gaussian formulation when the stability changes towards neutral (Cassiani et al., 2015). However, the actual equation solved inside the model for the Gaussian condition is still different from the standard version as actual particle velocities rather than the scaled ones are advanced (see, e.g., Wilson et al., 1981; Rodean, 1996). Full details of the CBL implementation can be found in Cassiani et al. (2015).
To date, FLEXPART has mainly been used for large-scale applications. With this new CBL option, FLEXPART is now also well suited for the simulation of small-scale tracer dispersion or for the inverse modeling of point source emissions from near-field measurements – at least if the resolved winds are representative of the situation considered. In fact, to our knowledge FLEXPART is the only particle model considering both skewness in the vertical velocity distribution and vertical gradients in air density. Both these effects are particularly important in deep CBLs and can be additive with respect to simulated ground-level concentrations.
2.2 Turbulent diffusivity above the boundary layer
Above the atmospheric boundary layer, turbulent fluctuations can be represented with a turbulent diffusivity. The value of the diffusivity tensor controls the size and lifetimes of the filamentary structures caused by advection. Diffusivities are converted into velocity scales using σvi=2Didt, where i is the direction. This corresponds to a mean diffusive displacement of σxi=2Didt, characteristic of Brownian motion. For i, only the vertical (v) and horizontal (h) directions are considered. The value of the vertical diffusivity Dz is related to the value of the horizontal diffusivity Dh by the square of the typical atmospheric aspect ratio for tracer structures κ≈100–250 (Haynes and Anglade, 1997).
FLEXPART uses by default a constant vertical diffusivity Dz=0.1 m2 s−1 in the stratosphere, following Legras et al. (2003), whereas a horizontal diffusivity Dh=50 m2 s−1 is used in the free troposphere. In general in the atmosphere, the values of the turbulent diffusivity depend on time and location, showing in particular seasonal, latitudinal and altitude variability: e.g., Dv=10-2 m2 s−1 in the stratosphere (Balluch and Haynes, 1997) and Dh=104 m2 s−1 (Pisso et al., 2009) in the troposphere. The values can be modified by the user in the COMMAND file (namelist variables d_trop and d_strat, in m2 s−1). As mentioned above, Dh≈κ2Dz, and therefore both values can be used interchangeably.
In FLEXPART version 6.2, the stratosphere and troposphere were distinguished based on a threshold of 2 pvu (potential vorticity units), with a maximal height of 18 km in the tropics and a minimal height of 5 km elsewhere. Such a threshold is well suited to midlatitudes, but it can differ from the thermal tropopause in the polar regions and close to the Equator. In FLEXPART 10.4, the thermal tropopause definition is used and is calculated using the lapse rate definition (Hoinka, 1997).
2.3 Gravitational settling
Gravitational settling of aerosols is implemented in FLEXPART as a process that changes the particle trajectories. The settling velocity is determined at each time step and added to the vertical wind velocity. In simulations in which a particle represents several species, all species are transported with the settling velocity of the first species. If this is not intended, simulations for the different species must be run separately. Gravitational settling velocities are also used in the calculation of dry deposition.
In older FLEXPART versions, gravitational settling was calculated using a single dynamic viscosity of air. With FLEXPART 8.2.1, the gravitational settling calculation was generalized to higher Reynolds numbers and it takes into account the temperature dependence of dynamic viscosity. This is done in subroutine get_settling.f90 in an iterative loop, wherein both the Reynolds number and the settling velocity are determined (Naeslund and Thaning, 1991). For initialization of the loop, Stokes' law and a constant viscosity estimate is used. The dynamic viscosity is calculated as a function of temperature using the formula of Sutherland (1893). A spherical shape of the particles is assumed in the settling calculation, which could be further extended in the future to allow for more complex particle shapes. For particle sizes of about 10 µm, settling velocities in the new FLEXPART version are not much different from earlier versions using the old settling calculation, typically less than 20 %. However, the differences are largest in the cold upper troposphere, implying, for instance, changes in the residence time of volcanic ash particles at heights relevant for aviation. The residence times in the upper troposphere are increased with the new scheme, but the effect is not particularly large, typically on the order of 20 %.
2.4 Wet deposition
In FLEXPART, the calculation of wet scavenging is divided into three parts. First, where scavenging occurs and which form it takes is determined (e.g., below- or within-cloud scavenging). Second, the scavenging coefficient is determined. Third, the actual removal of particle mass is calculated.
With respect to the first part, it is important to understand that wet scavenging occurs only in the presence of clouds and where precipitation occurs. In air columns without clouds, above the top of the clouds, and where neither the large-scale nor the convective precipitation rate exceeds 0.01 mm h−1, no scavenging occurs. To quickly know where a particle is located relative to the clouds, in subroutines verttransform_ecmwf.f90 andverttransform_gfs.f90 each grid cell is categorized as being in a cloud-free column, above a cloud, inside a cloud or below a cloud. This cloud definition has been completely revised compared to earlier versions and is described in Sect. 2.4.1.
With respect to the second step, the scavenging coefficient Λ (s−1) is determined in subroutine get_wetscav.f90. After a series of updates, in particular Grythe et al. (2017), FLEXPART now distinguishes between below-cloud and in-cloud scavenging and also has different parameterizations of Λ for gases and particles. For the latter, it also distinguishes between liquid-phase and ice-phase states. This yields in total six different parameterizations for Λ, described in Sect. 2.4.2 and 2.4.3.
In the third step, the removal of particle mass due to wet deposition is calculated. It takes the form of an exponential decay process (McMahon, 1979),
(1)m(t+Δt)=m(t)exp(-ΛΔt),
where m is the particle mass (kg) (it can also be a mass mixing ratio, depending on settings in file COMMAND). This removal of particle mass and corresponding accumulation of deposition at the surface is calculated in subroutine wetdepo.f90 and has not been changed since earlier versions.
2.4.1 Definition of clouds, cloud water content and precipitation
The location of clouds, the total cloud column water content and phase, and precipitation intensity and phase are needed in the calculation of the wet scavenging. Therefore, a three-dimensional cloud mask is defined in subroutine verttransform_ecmwf.f90 (or verttransform_gfs.f90 for GFS data). In previous FLEXPART versions, the cloud definition scheme was very simple and based on relative humidity (RH). In grid columns with precipitation, grid cells with RH >80 % were defined as in-cloud, and those with RH <80 % were set as below-cloud up to the bottom of the uppermost layer with RH >80 %. This was appropriate for the first version of FLEXPART, as the ECMWF had a similarly simple definition of clouds and more detailed information was not available from the ECMWF archives at the time.
If no cloud information is available from the meteorological data, the old RH-based scheme is still used in FLEXPART. However, nowadays, specific cloud liquid water content (CLWC; kg kg−1) and specific cloud ice water content (CIWC; kg kg−1) are available as 3-D fields in meteorological analyses from the ECMWF, and NCEP also provides the 3-D cloud water (liquid plus ice) mixing ratio (CLWMR; kg kg−1), from here on referred to as qc. A cloudy grid cell is defined when qc>0. FLEXPART v10.4 can ingest the ECMWF CLWC and CIWC either separately or as a sum (qc=CLWC+CIWC). However, to save storage space, we recommend retrieving only the sum, qc, from the ECMWF, as the relative fractions of ice and liquid water can be parameterized quite accurately using Eq. (4).
The column cloud water (cl; kg m−2), which is needed for the in-cloud scavenging parameterization, is calculated by integrating qc over all vertical z levels:
(2)cl=∑zqc(z)ρair(z)Δz,
where ρair(z) is the density of the air in the grid cell, and Δz is the vertical extent of the grid cell. In older FLEXPART versions, cl was parameterized based on an empirical equation given in Hertel et al. (1995) using the subgrid (see below for a description of how subgrid is defined) surface precipitation rate Is (mm h−1). While such a parameterization is not needed anymore if qc is available, it is still activated in the case that cloud water input data are missing. However, in order to ensure that cl from the parameterization is statistically consistent with the cloud data, we derived the modified expression
(3)cl=0.5×Is0.36
using a regression analysis between existing cloud and precipitation data.
Precipitation is not uniform within a grid cell. To account for subgrid variability, it is assumed that precipitation is enhanced within a subgrid area and that no precipitation (and thus no scavenging) occurs outside this subgrid area. The subgrid area fraction and precipitation rate (Is) are estimated from the grid-scale precipitation rate (It) based on values tabulated in Hertel et al. (1995). This parameterization of subgrid variability is used for all scavenging processes in FLEXPART and maintained from previous FLEXPART versions as described in Stohl et al. (2005).
The precipitation phase needed for the below-cloud scavenging scheme is simply based on ambient grid-scale temperature, with snow occurring below 0 ∘C and rain above. For cloud water, cl, we assume a temperature-dependent mixture of liquid and solid particles, for which the liquid fraction (αL) is calculated based on the local temperature T,
(4)αL=(T-TITL-TI)2,
where TL=0∘C and TI=-20 ∘C. For T>TL, αL=1 and for T<TI, αL=0. Even when CLWC and CIWC are available as separate fields, we derive the liquid fraction (αL) of cloud water from the local temperature. The ice fraction αI is 1−αL. Comparisons have shown that CLWC is very accurately reproduced by αLqc.
The cloud information should be linearly interpolated like the other variables, and situations in which the diagnosed cloud is incompatible with the precipitation rate (be it because of interpolation or because of convective precipitation accompanied by too shallow or lacking grid-scale clouds) need to receive special treatment. This is planned for a version upgrade in the near future in conjunction with a better interpolation scheme for precipitation (see Hittmeir et al., 2018). In certain cases, the deposition calculation of FLEXPART might be improved by using higher-resolution precipitation data from other sources such as from radar observations (Arnold et al., 2015); however, as the precipitation and ECMWF cloud data, and also the precipitation and wind fields, may not match, this does not guarantee better results.
2.4.2 Below-cloud scavenging
For gases, the scavenging coefficient, Λ, for below-cloud scavenging is calculated as described in Asman (1995),
(5)Λ=AIsB,
where the scavenging parameters A and B depend on the chemical properties of the gas and are specified in the SPECIES_nnn file as described in Sect. 5.1.3 (nnn represents the species number (0–999) used for the simulation). In older FLEXPART versions, this scheme was used also for aerosols; however, Grythe et al. (2017) developed a new aerosol scavenging scheme that is implemented in FLEXPART v10.4 and briefly summarized here.
The relevant processes of collision and attachment of ambient aerosol particles to falling precipitation depend mainly on the relationship between the aerosol and hydrometeor size and type (rain or snow) as well as to a lesser degree on the density and hygroscopicity of the aerosol. In FLEXPART v10.4, the dependence of scavenging on the sizes of both the aerosol and falling hydrometeors are taken into account by the schemes of Laakso et al. (2003) for rain and Kyrö et al. (2009) for snow. Both schemes follow the equation
(6)log10(ΛΛ0)=C*(a+bDp-4+cDp-3+dDp-2+eDp-1+f(IsI0)0.5),
where Dp=log10dpdp0, dp is the particle dry diameter provided in the SPECIES_nnn file, dp0=1 m, Λ0=1 s−1 and I0=1 mm h−1. Coefficients for factors a–f are different for rain and snow scavenging and are given in Table 2. The C* values are collection efficiencies that reflect the properties of the aerosol and must be given for both rain (C*=Crain) and snow scavenging (C*=Csnow) in the SPECIES_nnn file. Notice that by setting Csnow=0, below-cloud scavenging by snowfall is switched off (similarly, Crain=0 for rain).
Laakso et al. (2003)Kyrö et al. (2009)
Table 2Parameters used in Eq. (6) for below-cloud scavenging.
2.4.3 In-cloud scavenging
For in-cloud scavenging of both aerosols and gases, Λ is calculated as described in Grythe et al. (2017):
(7)Λ=icrSiIs,
where icr=6.2 is the cloud water replenishment factor, which was determined empirically in Grythe et al. (2017) (there it was named icr), and Si is proportional to the in-cloud scavenging ratio, which is derived differently for gases and aerosols.
For gases, Si=11-clHRT+cl, where H is Henry's constant (describing the solubility of the gas and specified in the SPECIES_nnn file), R is the gas constant and T is temperature. Notice that this is applied for both liquid-phase and ice clouds.
For aerosols, the in-cloud scavenging is dominated by activated particles forming cloud droplets or ice nuclei. Those may eventually combine to form a hydrometeor that falls out of the cloud, thus removing all aerosol particles contained in it. Therefore, Si depends on the nucleation efficiency (Fnuc) and cl:
(8)Si=Fnuccl.
Fnuc describes how efficiently the aerosol particles are activated as cloud droplet condensation nuclei (CCN) or ice nuclei (IN):
(9)Fnuc=αLCCNeff+αIINeff,
where the relative abundances of the liquid and ice phase are accounted for by the factor αL. Values for the efficiencies, CCNeff and INeff, are available from the literature for many different types of aerosols (e.g., black carbon, mineral dust particles or soluble particles) and some have been collected in SPECIES_nnn files distributed with FLEXPART (see Sect. 5.1.3). The CCNeff and INeff values are set for an aerodynamic particle radius of 1 µm, but CCN and IN efficiencies increase with increasing particle size. The in-cloud parameterization takes this into account. For further details on the wet scavenging scheme used in FLEXPART, see Grythe et al. (2017).
2.4.4 Influence of wet scavenging on the aerosol lifetime
Aerosol wet scavenging controls the lifetime of most aerosols. In Fig. 2, we compare modeled e-folding lifetimes from a number of FLEXPART simulations using different model versions and switching off in-cloud and below-cloud scavenging in FLEXPART v10.4 with measured lifetimes. The parameter settings in FLEXPART used for these comparisons were the same as used by Grythe et al. (2017). To derive aerosol lifetimes in a consistent way from both measurements and model simulations, a radionuclide attached to ambient aerosol and a noble gas radionuclide were used. Kristiansen et al. (2016) used the same method to compare many different aerosol models, and we refer to their paper for more details on the method. For our model simulations, several size bins of aerosols were used, though total concentrations and lifetimes are largely controlled by 0.4 and 0.6 µm particles (see Grythe et al., 2017). E-folding lifetimes increase from 5.8 to 10.0 d between FLEXPART v9 and v10.4. A simulation performed with v10.4 but which emulated the in-cloud scavenging of v9 showed that the difference is mainly due to the decreased in-cloud scavenging in the new removal scheme compared to the old one. Notice that the lifetime obtained with v10.4 is much closer to the observation-based lifetimes. Turning off the below-cloud removal has a relatively small effect, increasing the lifetime to 11 d, whereas turning off the in-cloud removal extends the lifetime to the unrealistic value of 66 d (see bottom two panels in Fig. 2). This highlights the dominant role of in-cloud removal for accumulation-mode particles in FLEXPART.
Figure 2Aerosol lifetimes estimated from the decrease in radionuclide ratios (aerosol-bound 137Cs and noble gas 133Xe as a passive tracer) with time after the Fukushima nuclear accident, as measured and modeled at a number of global measurement stations. For details on the method, see Kristiansen et al. (2016). E-folding lifetimes, τe, are estimated based on fits to the data and reported in each panel. In the top panel, the observed values are shown and in subsequent panels from the top, modeled values are given for FLEXPART v9, FLEXPART v10.4, FLEXPART v10.4 with parameter settings to emulate removal as in v9, FLEXPART v10.4 with no below-cloud removal and FLEXPART v10.4 with no in-cloud removal.
Notice that compared to older versions of FLEXPART, the SPECIES_nnn files now include additional parameters related to the wet deposition scheme. Old input files, therefore, need to be updated for use with FLEXPART v10.4. The required format changes are detailed in Sect. 5.1.3.
2.5 Source–receptor matrix calculation of deposited mass backward in time
When running FLEXPART forward in time for a depositing species with a given emission flux (kilograms per release as specified in file RELEASES), the accumulated wet and dry deposition fluxes (ng m−2) are appended to the FLEXPART output files (grid_conc_date and/or grid_pptv_date, for which date represents the date and time in format YYYYMMDDhhmmss; see Sect. 6) containing the atmospheric concentration and/or volume mixing ratio output. The deposition is always given in mass units, even if atmospheric values are given in mixing ratio units. In contrast to concentration values, deposition quantities are accumulated over the time of the simulation, so the deposited quantities generally increase during a simulation (except when radioactive decay is activated, which also affects deposited quantities and can decrease them).
As discussed in Sect. 1, running FLEXPART backward in time for calculating SRRs is more efficient than running it forward if the number of (potential) sources is larger than the number of receptors. For atmospheric concentrations (or mixing ratios), the backward mode has been available from the very beginning and in an improved form since FLEXPART v5 (Stohl et al., 2003; Seibert and Frank, 2004). This has proven very useful for the interpretation of ground-based, shipborne or airborne observations (e.g., to characterize sources contributing to pollution plumes). Furthermore, the inversion scheme FLEXINVERT (Thompson and Stohl, 2014) that is used to determine the fluxes of greenhouse gases is based on backward simulations. However, there are also measurements of deposition on the ground, e.g., in precipitation samples or ice cores, and for this type of measurement no backward simulations were possible until recently. Therefore, Eckhardt et al. (2017) introduced the option to calculate SRR values in backward mode also for wet and dry deposition, and a first application to ice core data was presented by McConnell et al. (2018). It is anticipated that quantitative interpretation of ice core data will be a major application of the new backward mode, which is efficient enough to allow for the calculation of, for example, 100 years of seasonally resolved deposition data in less than 24 h of computation time.
We illustrate the different backward modes and explain the required settings with an example. The calculations were run for a single receptor location, Ny-Ålesund in Spitsbergen (78.93∘ N, 11.92∘ E) and for the 24 h period from 18 August 2013 at 20:00 UTC to 19 August 2013 at 20:00 UTC. SRR values are calculated for the atmospheric concentration averaged over the layer 0–100 m a.g.l., as well as for wet and dry deposition. The substance transported is black carbon (BC), which is subject to both dry and wet deposition. Backward simulations for wet and dry deposition must always be run separately. In order to obtain SRR values for total deposition, results for wet and dry deposition need to be summed.
The backward mode is activated by setting the simulation direction, LDIRECT in file COMMAND (see Sect. 5), to −1. The three simulations are obtained by consecutively setting IND_RECEPTOR to 1 (for concentration), 3 (wet deposition) and 4 (dry deposition). IND_SOURCE is always set to 1, meaning that the sensitivities (SRR values) are calculated with respect to physical emissions in mass units. A complete list of possible options is reported in Table 1 of Eckhardt et al. (2017).
Figure 3 shows the resulting SRR (i.e., emission sensitivity) fields for the concentration as well as dry and wet deposition at the receptor. Dry deposition occurs on the Earth's surface, and therefore particles are released in a shallow layer adjacent to the surface. Its height is consistent with the shallow depth over which dry deposition is calculated in forward mode (user settings for the release height are ignored for dry deposition backward calculations). Dry deposition rates are the product of the surface concentration and the deposition velocity. Therefore, the SRR fields for surface concentration (Fig. 3a) and dry deposition (Fig. 3b) show similar patterns, in this case indicating high sensitivity for sources over Scandinavia and northwestern Russia. The differences in the spatial patterns are mainly due to temporal variability in the dry deposition velocity at the receptor caused by varying meteorological conditions (e.g., stability) and surface conditions during the 24 h release interval.
Figure 3Source–receptor relationships (for emissions occurring in the lowest 100 m a.g.l.) for black carbon observed at Ny-Ålesund in Svalbard for a 24 h period starting on 18 August 2013 at 20:00 UTC. The sensitivities were calculated for (a) concentrations (s) in the layer 0–100 m a.g.l., (b) dry deposition (mm) and (c) wet deposition (mm).
Wet deposition, on the other hand, can occur anywhere in the atmospheric column from the surface to the top of the precipitating cloud. FLEXPART automatically releases particles in the whole atmospheric column (again, user settings for the release height are ignored), but particles for which no scavenging occurs (e.g., those above the cloud top or when no precipitation occurs) are immediately terminated. Therefore, and because of the vertical variability of the scavenging process, the sensitivity for the deposited mass can deviate significantly from the sensitivity corresponding to surface concentration. Here (Fig. 3c), the sensitivity is high over Scandinavia and northwestern Russia, as was already seen for surface air concentrations and dry deposition. However, in addition, sources located in North America and eastern Siberia also contribute strongly to wet deposition. The maximum over the ocean close to the North American east coast is likely due to lifting in a warm conveyor belt, followed by fast transport at high altitude.
Concentration, dry deposition and wet deposition at the receptor can be calculated from the SRR fields shown in Fig. 3 as follows.
(10)c=mc⋅qdd=md⋅qdw=mw⋅q
Here, c is the modeled concentration (in kg m−3), dd the dry deposition rate and dw the wet deposition rate (both in kg m−2 s−1). In this specific case with only a single scalar receptor, the source–receptor matrix degenerates to a vector of the SRR values, one for each of the three types of receptor (mc for concentration in units of seconds, md for dry deposition and mw for wet deposition, both in units of meters). In order to obtain the concentration or the deposition rates, these vectors need to be multiplied with the vector of emissions q (kg m−3 s−1). If the total deposition is desired, the deposition rates dd and dw can be multiplied with the receptor time interval ΔTr, in our case 86 400 s (24 h). Note that this is the period during which particles are released according to the specification of the RELEASES file. The emission fluxes must be volume averages over the output grid cells specified in the OUTGRID file, typically surface emission fluxes (in kg m−2 s−1) divided by the height of the lowermost model layer.
2.6 Sensitivity to initial conditions
Backward simulations with FLEXPART in the context of inverse modeling problems typically track particles for several days up to a few weeks. This is sufficient to estimate concentrations at the receptor only for species with atmospheric lifetimes shorter than this period. Many important species (e.g., greenhouse gases such as methane) have considerably longer lifetimes. For such long-lived species, most of the atmospheric concentration variability is still caused by emission and loss processes occurring within the last few days before a measurement because the impact of processes occurring at earlier times is smoothed out by atmospheric mixing. This leads to a relatively smooth “background” (in time series analyses sometimes also called a baseline) that is often a dominant fraction of the total concentration but that does not vary much with time, with short-term fluctuations on top of it. The signal of the regional emissions around the measurement site is mostly contained in the short-term concentration fluctuations but in order to use it in inverse modeling, the background still needs to be accounted for, as otherwise no direct comparison to measurements is possible.
One simple method is to estimate the background from the measurements as, e.g., in Stohl et al. (2009). A better approach is to use a concentration field taken from a long-term forward simulation with an Eulerian model or with FLEXPART itself, especially if nudged to observations (Groot Zwaaftink et al., 2018), as an initial condition for the backward simulation. This field needs to be interfaced with the FLEXPART backward simulation by calculating the receptor sensitivity to the initial conditions (see Eqs. 2–6 in Seibert and Frank, 2004). For instance, for a 10 d backward simulation, the concentration field needs to be sampled at those points in time and space when and where each particle trajectory terminates 10 d back in time. Furthermore, it is necessary to quantify the effects of deposition or chemical loss during the backward simulation on this background (the factor p(0) in Seibert and Frank, 2004). For example, chemical reactions with hydroxyl radicals will reduce initial concentrations of methane en route to the receptor, even though this is not much during a 10 d period.
Since version 8.2, FLEXPART has provided an option to quantify the influence of initial conditions on the receptor in backward simulations, which is activated with the switch LINIT_COND in file COMMAND. Then, gridded fields containing the sensitivities to background mixing ratios (or concentrations, depending on user settings for the switch LINIT_COND in file COMMAND) are produced and stored in the output files grid_initial_nnn (nnn stands for the species number) on the same 3-D grid as the regular output, defined in the files OUTGRID and OUTGRID_NEST. In this case, a concentration would be calculated as
(11)c=mi⋅cb+mc⋅q,
where mi denotes the sensitivity to the initial condition and cb the background concentration when and where particles are terminated.
Figure 4 shows an example of the use of the sensitivities of receptor mixing ratios (here, of methane) to both surface emissions and initial conditions. The panel (b) shows the sensitivity to surface emissions on one particular day, and the panels (c) and (d) show the sensitivity to initial conditions below and above 3000 m for the same day. Both results are from an 8 d backward simulation from one receptor site in Sweden. It can be seen that the sensitivity to emissions is highest close to the station, but there is also substantial sensitivity to emission uptake over large parts of central and eastern Europe. The particles terminated 8 d before arrival at the receptor in a roughly croissant-shaped area covering large parts of Europe and the North Atlantic, as indicated by the sensitivity to initial conditions. Most of the sensitivity is located below 3000 m but there is also some influence from higher levels. Notice that only two layers are shown in Fig. 4, whereas the real model output has much higher vertical resolution.
Figure 4Example of FLEXPART 8 d backward runs for methane from a site in southern Sweden (Hyltemossa) demonstrating the combined use of sensitivities to emissions and initial conditions. (a) Time series of methane background mixing ratios and total mixing ratios in October 2016. (b) Sensitivity of the methane mixing ratio at Hyltemossa on 19 October 2016 to methane emissions at the surface. (c) Sensitivity of the methane mixing ratio at Hyltemossa on 19 October 2016 to methane initial conditions below 3000 m. (d) Sensitivity of the methane mixing ratio at Hyltemossa on 19 October 2016 to methane initial conditions above 3000 m. Blue asterisks on the maps mark the receptor location.
The sensitivity to initial conditions was interfaced with a domain-filling methane forward simulation as described in Groot Zwaaftink et al. (2018) (not shown), while the emission sensitivity was interfaced with an emission inventory for methane (not shown), as given by Eq. (11). This was done for daily simulations throughout 1 month, thus generating a time series of background mixing ratios (from the first term in Eq. 11 only) and total mixing ratios (Fig. 4a). The latter include the contributions from emissions during the 8 d backward simulation. It can be seen that the methane background advected from 8 d back varies relatively little between about 1910 and 1940 ppbv, while the emission contributions vary from 0 (on 29 October) to about 200 ppbv (on 19 October, the date for which the sensitivity plots are shown).
In practical applications for inverse modeling, source–receptor sensitivities are often only needed at the surface (as most emissions occur there), while sensitivities to the background are needed in 3-D. By setting the option SURF_ONLY to 1 in the COMMAND file, the regular output files grid_time_date_nnn containing the source–receptor sensitivities will include only the first vertical level as defined in the file OUTGRID, while the full vertical resolution is retained in grid_initial_nnn files containing the sensitivities to the initial conditions. Since the data amounts stored in the grid_time_date_nnn files can be much larger than in the grid_initial_nnn files, this is a highly efficient way to save storage space. This setup also interfaces directly with the inverse modeling package FLEXINVERT (Thompson and Stohl, 2014). An application can be found in Thompson et al. (2017) wherein initial conditions were taken from a gridded observation product. A further output option, which was also introduced for practical considerations of inverse modeling, is the LINVERSIONOUT option in the file COMMAND. If LINVERSIONOUT is set to 1, then the grid_time_date_nnn and grid_initial_nnn files are written per release with a time dimension of footprints instead of the default per footprint with a time dimension of releases. Since inverse modeling assimilates atmospheric observations and each observation is represented by a single release, it is computationally more efficient to read in the grid files separated by release. This output format also interfaces directly with FLEXINVERT.
2.7 Chemical reactions with the hydroxyl radical (OH)
The hydroxyl (OH) radical reacts with many gases and is the main cleansing agent in the atmosphere. While it is involved in highly nonlinear atmospheric chemistry, for many substances (e.g., methane) a simplified linear treatment of loss by OH is possible using prescribed OH fields. For this, monthly averaged 3∘×5∘ resolution OH fields for 17 atmospheric layers are used in FLEXPART. The fields were obtained from simulations with the GEOS-Chem model (Bey et al., 2001) and are read from the file OH_variables.bin by the subroutine readOHfield.f90.
Tracer mass is lost by reaction with OH if a positive value for the OH reaction rate is given in the file SPECIES_nnn. In FLEXPART v10.4, the OH reaction scheme was modified to account for (i) hourly variations in OH and (ii) the temperature dependence of the OH reaction rate (Thompson et al., 2015). This makes the chemical loss calculations more accurate, especially for substances with shorter lifetimes (of the order of weeks to months), for example ethane. Hourly OH fields are calculated from the stored monthly fields by correcting them with the photolysis rate of ozone calculated with a simple parameterization for cloud-free conditions based on the solar zenith angle (gethourlyOH.f90):
(12)OH=jj*OH*,
where j represents the hourly photolysis rates calculated for all 3-D locations in the field, while j* represents the corresponding monthly mean rates, precalculated and stored in file OH_variables.bin together with the monthly mean fields OH* (see Sect. 5.1.8). The motivation for this is that OH production closely follows the production of O(1D) by the photolysis of ozone, allowing for this simple parameterization of OH variability. At any time, two hourly OH fields are in memory and are interpolated to the current time step. Figure 5 shows the annual and daily variation of OH for two locations as obtained with this simple parameterization.
Figure 5Annual and daily OH concentration variation as obtained with the simple parameterization based on photolysis rates of ozone for two locations, one in the Northern Hemisphere (a) and one in the Southern Hemisphere (b). Line labels correspond to the time of day.
The OH reaction rate κ (s−1) is calculated in ohreaction.f90 using the temperature-dependent formulation
(13)κ=CTNe-D/T[OH],
where C, N and D are species-specific constants (assigned in the SPECIES_nnn files), T is the absolute temperature, and [OH] the OH concentration (Atkinson, 1997). As the OH concentration in file OH_variables.bin is given in units of molecules per cubic centimeter, the unit of C needs to be in cubic centimeters per molecule per second (cm3 molecule−1 s−1). The mass m of a given species after reaction with OH is determined as
(14)m(t+Δt′)=m(t)e-κΔt′,
where Δt′ is the reaction time step (given by lsynctime).
Backwards compatibility with the former temperature-independent specification of the OH reaction (version 9 and before) can be achieved by setting the constant N in the SPECIES_nnn file to zero. The constants C and D can be derived from the former parameters as follows:
(15)C=κreD/Tr
(16)D=A/R,
where A is the activation energy, R is the gas constant and κr is the former OH reaction rate (referring to Tr=298 K), which were specified in the SPECIES_nnn file for earlier versions.
OH fields other than those provided with the model code have been tested in FLEXPART. These fields may have higher spatial and temporal resolution (e.g., Fang et al., 2016), which is important for chemical species with short lifetimes. Users are required to modify readOHfield.f90 and gethourlyOH.f90 to read in other OH fields and be aware that expressions of the OH reaction rate or reaction with OH might differ from those in the above equations. If this is the case users need to modify ohreaction.f90, too.
2.8 Dust mobilization scheme
Desert dust is a key natural aerosol with relevance for both climate and air quality. FLEXPART has been used earlier with preprocessors to initialize dust amounts from wind speed and surface properties following Tegen and Fung (1994) (Sodemann et al., 2015). Now a dust mobilization routine has been included as a preprocessing tool in FLEXPART v10.4. The scheme, called FLEXDUST, was developed to simulate mineral dust transport with FLEXPART in forward or backward simulations (Groot Zwaaftink et al., 2016). This module runs independently from FLEXPART and produces gridded output of mineral dust emissions as well as input files (RELEASES) that can be used for FLEXPART simulations of atmospheric transport. It can thus be considered a preprocessing (for forward simulations) or post-processing tool (for backward simulations) for FLEXPART v10.4.
In FLEXDUST, emission rates are estimated according to the emission scheme proposed by Marticorena and Bergametti (1995). We thereby assume that sandblasting occurs in the case that sand is present and a minimum threshold based on the size-dependent threshold friction velocity following Shao and Lu (2000) can be applied. The following are used as input for the model: ECMWF operational analysis or ERA-Interim reanalysis data, Global Land Cover by National Mapping Organizations version 2 (Tateishi et al., 2014), and and sand and clay fractions from the Global Soil Data Task (2014). Erodibility is enhanced in topographic depressions, and dust emissions are modified by soil moisture and snow cover. The module includes high-latitude dust sources in the Northern Hemisphere. These sources are rarely included in global dust models, even though they appear important for the climate system and substantially contribute to dust in the Arctic (Bullard et al., 2016; Groot Zwaaftink et al., 2016). Icelandic deserts in particular are known to be highly active, and a high-resolution surface type map for Iceland can therefore be included in FLEXDUST simulations (Arnalds et al., 2016; Groot Zwaaftink et al., 2017). Like in FLEXPART, nested meteorological fields can be used for specific regions of interest. The size distribution of emitted dust follows Kok (2011), is independent of friction velocity and is by default represented by 10 size bins. This can be changed depending on known properties or assumptions of dust sources. The dust particles are assumed to be spherical in FLEXPART. An example of annual mean dust emissions from 1990 to 2012 calculated with FLEXDUST driven with ERA-Interim meteorology is shown in Fig. 6. Further details on FLEXDUST, including model evaluation, are given by Groot Zwaaftink et al. (2016). The source code is available from the git repository: https://git.nilu.no/christine/flexdust.git (last access: 30 October 2019).
Figure 6Average annual dust emission for the period 1990–2012 estimated with FLEXDUST driven with ERA-Interim meteorology.
Figure 7Computational time (a, b) and speedup (c, d) for up to 16 processes on a single node. In panels (a, c), all processes read meteorological input data, whereas in panels (b, d), a dedicated process reads and distributes input data for Np≥4.
Figure 8Computational time (a) and speedup (b) for up to 256 processes on 16 nodes. Logarithmic scaling along both axes. For n≥4 a dedicated process reads and distributes input data.
3 Parallelization
In a Lagrangian model like FLEXPART, particles move totally independently of each other. This facilitates efficient parallelization of the code. The most simple and often most effective way is running several instances of the model in parallel. For example, if the model is to be run backwards (for 10 d, for example) at regular intervals from a measurement site for a year, one could run the model separately, in parallel, for monthly subperiods. The total computation time of the 12 monthly processes together is nearly the same as if the model is run as one process for the whole year. Some overhead in processing input data occurs because, in the above example, 10 extra days of data per process are needed to calculate trajectories 10 d back into the preceding month. One disadvantage of that approach is that the memory needed for holding the meteorological input data and the model output fields is multiplied. However, this overhead is often small; thus, this approach has been used very often by FLEXPART users in the past.
Even if a task cannot easily be decomposed into runs for different periods or sources, trivial parallelization is still possible if a large number of particles is desired, for example in a domain-filling simulation for which tens of millions of particles may be used. The strategy in this case would be to assign a fraction of the particles to each run. Note that different random seeds should be used for each run, which requires a manual change and recompilation of the code.
As a user-friendly alternative, FLEXPART v10.4 has been parallelized using standard parallelization libraries. Common parallelization libraries are Open Multi-Processing (OpenMP; http://www.openmp.org/, last access: 30 October 2019), which is designed for multicore processors with shared memory, and Message Passing Interface (MPI, 2015) for distributed memory environments. Examples of other Lagrangian particle models that have been parallelized are NAME (Jones et al., 2007) and FLEXPART–WRF (Brioude et al., 2013), which use a hybrid approach (OpenMP+MPI). For FLEXPART v10.3 we decided to use a pure MPI approach for the following reasons.
It is simpler to program than a hybrid model and more flexible than a pure OpenMP model.
While OpenMP in principle may be more effective in a shared memory environment, MPI can often perform equally well or better provided there is not excessive communication between the processes.
MPI offers good scalability and potentially low overhead when running with many processes.
3.1 Implementation
The FLEXPART code contains several computational loops over all the particles in the simulation, which is where most of the computational time is spent for simulations with many particles. The basic concept behind our parallel code closely resembles the “trivial parallelization” concept described above. When launched with a number of processes, Np, each process will separately calculate how many particles to release per location, attempting to achieve an approximately even distribution of particles among the processes while keeping the total number of particles the same as for a simulation with the serial version. Each running process will generate an independent series of random numbers and separately calculate trajectories and output data for its set of particles. Explicit communications between processes are only used when the output fields are combined at the master process (MPI rank 0) using MPI_Reduce operations, before writing the output. Also, in the case in which the output of all individual particle properties is desired (option IPOUT1 = 1 or 2 in file COMMAND), we let each process append its data to the same file. We thus avoid the costly operation of transferring particle properties between processes. The performance of the implementation is discussed in Sect. 3.2 (see Fig. 7).
Some parts of the code are not simply loops over particles, most notably the routines for reading and transforming the input meteorological data. It follows that the performance gain of using parallel FLEXPART in general is better for simulations with a larger number of particles. We have, however, implemented a feature whereby instead of having each MPI process read and process the same input data, one dedicated MPI process is set aside for this purpose. When the simulation time t lies in the interval between wind field time Ti and Ti+1, all other processes calculate particle trajectories, while this dedicated process ingests input fields from time Ti+2. At simulation time t=Ti+1 the dedicated “reader process” will distribute the newest data to the other processes and immediately start reading fields for time Ti+3, while the other processes continue doing trajectory calculations. A hard-coded integer (read_grp_min in file mpi_mod.f90) is used to set the minimum number of total MPI processes for which this separate process will be reserved for reading input data. For the examples shown in Sect. 3.2 a value of 4 was used (Figs. 7 and 8).
3.2 Performance aspects
To assess the performance of the parallel code we performed three scaling experiments of various size on different computational platforms.
3.2.1 40 million particles, single 16-core node
In the following we present the results from running the code on a machine equipped with an Opteron 6174 processor with 16 cores. Compilation was done using gfortran version 4.9.1 and OpenMPI version 1.8.3. For the experiment, 40 million particles were released and propagated 48 h forward in time. We ran with this setup with an increasing number of processes, from 1 to 16. All time measurements in the code were made with the MPI_wtime() subroutine.
For the first experiment, every process separately processed the meteorological input data. Figure 7a and c show the CPU time Tn used in the case of n processes and the relative speedup factor S(n)=T1/Tn. Time and speedup shown for “particle loops” includes the three most computationally demanding particle loops (integration of the Langevin equation, wet deposition and concentration calculations), but, in addition, FLEXPART contains a few smaller loops over particles that exhibit similar performance improvements. We see that for 40 million particles, the loops over particles take the largest share, at least 87 % of the total time when run with one process. Close-to-perfect speedup is expected and observed for these loops (compare results for “particle loops” and “ideal (particle loops)” in Fig. 7a and c). The major bottleneck for overall performance in this case is that each process reads the same input files from disk, thus forcing the others to wait. This bottleneck causes the speedup to deviate substantially from the ideal situation when more than a few processes are used (compare results for “total” and “ideal” in Fig. 7a and c).
Next we repeated the experiment above but set aside a dedicated process for reading the meteorological data whenever n≥4. The results are shown in Fig. 7b and d. Numerical values for the speedup factors for selected numbers of processes are given in Table 3. We observed that with n≥7 there was consistently a benefit to setting aside the dedicated reader process, whereas for n<7 it was more effective to have all processes read data and thus an extra process available for doing the trajectory calculations. These results will of course vary with the resolution of the input data, the number of particles and the system on which the program is run.
Table 3 Computational speedup S for up to 16 processes (single-node experiment) for the two different MPI modes, with 40 million released particles.
3.2.2 500 million particles, multiple 16-core nodes
We performed a larger-scale experiment at the Abel computer cluster1 using up to 256 cores on 16 nodes with Intel Xeon E5-2670 CPUs. For each node, up to 16 cores were used, and then the number of nodes was determined by the total number of processes launched. The FLEXPART setup was similar to the previous single-node experiment, but we increased the number of particles to 500 million and reduced the simulated time to 12 h. Compilation was done with Intel Fortran v16.0.1 and OpenMPI v1.10.2.
Run time and speedup factors are shown in Table 4 and Fig. 8. As before we see essentially perfect speedup of the computationally intensive parts (the particle loops), which is expected. Table 4 also gives the parallel efficiency, which is seen decreasing for larger Np. This is partly due to the increased cost of MPI communications and also because the nonparallel parts of the code have relatively higher impact. With 256 processes there are only about 2 million particles per process and the CPU time is not as clearly dominated by the particle loops as when 500 million particles all run in one process. In addition, the initialization of the code (allocation of arrays, reading configuration files) takes around 20 s for this run, which is significant given a total run time of 299 s. Thus, parallel efficiency would increase for longer simulation times and/or for simulations with more particles per process, i.e., realistic cases that are more likely to be run with such a large number of processes.
Table 4 Run time and speedup for the multi-node experiment with 500 million particles. Up to 16 nodes in the Abel cluster (University of Oslo).
* Superlinear speedup (efficiency greater than 100 %) as seen here is usually attributed to memory and/or cache effects.
3.2.3 900 000 particles, laptop and single 16-core node
Finally, we examined a small-scale experiment in which we released 900 000 particles and simulated 15 d of transport. The performance was tested on two systems; a ThinkPad P52s laptop (Intel i7-8550U CPU with four cores; results in Table 5) and a machine equipped with an AMD Opteron 6386 SE processor (16 cores; results in Table 6). With this relatively lower number of particles it is not surprising to see that the parallel efficiency is lower than in the preceding examples. Still, we see that a speedup of 2.38 on a 4-core laptop and 5.25 on a 16-core machine is attainable. We also note that for practical applications, users would likely use the serial version for applications with so few particles and, if there are many such runs to be done, use trivial parallelization by submitting many separate serial runs in parallel. The parallelization feature is most useful for cases with a very large number of particles that cannot so easily be split in many separate runs, such as domain-filling simulations.
Table 5 Run time and speedup using up to four cores on a ThinkPad P52s laptop (900 000 particles).
Table 6 Run time and speedup using up to 16 cores on a machine equipped with an AMD Opteron 6386 SE processor (900 000 particles).
3.3 Validation
In order to ensure that the parallel version produces results with the same accuracy as the serial version, we have performed a set of tests and validation experiments. A direct comparison between the versions can only be performed in statistical terms because FLEXPART uses Gaussian-distributed random numbers for calculating the turbulent velocities of the particles. For the parallel version we let each process independently calculate a set of random numbers, which leads to small numeric differences (arising from the random “noise”) between the versions.
To confirm that the only source of differences between the serial and parallel code is in the random number generation, we first observe that when the parallel executable is run using only one process, it produces results identical to the serial version. This is as expected, as the first MPI process (rank 0) always uses the same random number seeds as the serial version.
Next, we have done tests in which all random numbers are set to zero in both codes, corresponding to switching off the turbulent displacements, and we run the parallel version using multiple processes. The outputs from the serial and parallel versions of the code when run this way are identical except for small differences due to round-off errors (e.g., in concentration calculations – these round-off errors are typically larger in the serial version due to the larger number of particles).
4 Installation, compilation and execution
FLEXPART is usually used in a Linux environment, which we also assume for the following instructions. However, the model has also been implemented successfully under MacOS and MS Windows. The default Fortran compiler for FLEXPART v10.4 is gfortran, but ifort, Absoft and PGI compilers have been used as well.
4.1 Required libraries and FLEXPART download
As the meteorological data from numerical weather prediction models are usually distributed in GRIB format, a library for reading GRIB data is required. It is recommended to use ecCodes (https://software.ecmwf.int/wiki/display/ECC, last access: 30 October 2019), the primary GRIB encoding–decoding package used at the ECMWF (recent enough versions of its predecessor grib_api, no longer supported after 2018, can also be used). Data in GRIB-2 format can be compressed. If this is the case for the input data, the jasper library is needed2. If it is desired to produce FLEXPART output in the NetCDF format, the NetCDF Fortran Library (https://www.unidata.ucar.edu/software/netcdf/, last access: 30 October 2019) is also required.
In order to obtain the FLEXPART source code, download the appropriate v10.4 tarball from the FLEXPART website3 and unpack it.
tar -xvf flexpart10.4.tar
To obtain the latest available model version, clone the FLEXPART git repository from the FLEXPART community website.
git clone https://www.flexpart.eu/
gitmob/flexpart
This repository mirrors https://transport.nilu.no (https://git.nilu.no/flexpart/flexpart/-/releases, last access: 18 November 2019). Additional mirrors exist, e.g., at GitHub (https://github.com/flexpart/flexpart, last access: 30 October 2019) and BitBucket (https://bitbucket.org/flexpart/flexpart, last access: 30 October 2019). See the “Code and data availability” section for additional information. After unpacking the tarball or cloning the repository, a local directory structure as shown in Table 1 is created.
The directory src contains the code and a makefile. The makefile needs to be adapted to the compiler and libraries present on the local system. Appendix A4 describes these steps in detail, including manual installation of the libraries. This was tested for Ubuntu 16.04.3 as well as 18.04.3 LTS Linux and MacOS (OS versions 14.5.0 and 18.6.0). Both a serial and a parallel executable can be built from the FLEXPART v10.4 source files.
4.2 Compiling and running the serial version
After correctly setting the library paths in the makefile, the command make produces the executable called FLEXPART. It can be executed from the command line by ./FLEXPART and then expects a file pathnames to exist in the current working directory. This file contains information on where input data are located and where output data shall be produced (see Sect. 5). Note that pathnames is expected in the directory from which FLEXPART is started, which can be different from where the executable file is located. A different name of a pathnames file can be also given as an argument. FLEXPART can thus be invoked according to the following generic syntax:
path_to_flexpart/flexpart_executable
path_to_pathnames/pathnames_file.
Using an optional argument, -v (verbose mode), will display additional information during the run. Even more information, including clock time between different program units, will be printed with -v2. Invoking FLEXPART with the flags -i and -i2 (info mode) will provide detailed run-specific information while reading input files. However, in this mode FLEXPART then stops before particle trajectories are calculated.
4.3 Compiling and running the parallel version
Most subroutines calling MPI functions are in a single module named mpi_mod.f90. Other FLEXPART source files that depend on this module are given the _mpi.f90 suffix to distinguish them from the serial version. During compilation the makefile selects the source files automatically depending on whether the parallel or serial version is built.
In order to compile and run the parallel version, an MPI library must be installed, either as a package from the distribution or built from source code. Both OpenMPI (http://www.open-mpi.org/software/ompi/v1.8/, last access: 30 October 2019) and mpich2 (http://www.mpich.org/downloads/, last access: 30 October 2019) work, but testing on some systems indicates slightly better performance with OpenMPI. As for the other libraries, the MPI library names and paths need to be adapted in the makefile. The MPIF90 variable sets the Fortran compiler wrapper (usually mpifort or mpif90; in the case of coexisting OpenMPI and mpich installations, wrappers called mpif90.openmpi or mpif90.mpich may be defined). Compilation of the parallel version should then be done by the following.
make mpi
This will produce an executable file FLEXPART_MPI. If executed, this will run on a single processor and should produce results identical to the serial version. To activate the parallel features, the executable must be run through an MPI launcher (here it is important to use the launcher corresponding to the MPI library that was used for the compilation).
mpirun -n <number> FLEXPART_MPI
In this example, <number> specifies the number of processes one wishes to launch. For some installations, mpirun is called mpiexec, or, in the case of coexisting OpenMPI and mpich2 installations, mpiexec.openmpi or mpiexec.mpich2, respectively. Many command-line options exist for mpirun that can be helpful for improving performance, e.g., processor binding. For a list of these options, see mpirun --help. In practice, the optimal number of cores for a given simulation will depend on the size of the problem and the hardware availability among other factors.
5 FLEXPART input
In this section, we describe the different FLEXPART input files and, where appropriate, changes that have occurred since the last publication (Stohl et al., 2005). FLEXPART needs the following three types of input files.
The text file pathnames is located by default in the directory where FLEXPART is executed. It must contain at least four lines: first, the path to the directories where run-defining input files are located (the so-called options directory); second, the path where output files are created; third, the path to the meteorological input GRIB files; and, fourth, the path to the so-called AVAILABLE file (see point 3). The last two lines can be repeated if nested input data shall be used. For each nesting level, one line for the GRIB data directory and one for the corresponding AVAILABLE file are needed.
The files containing the run-defining settings are located in a subdirectory (given in line 1 of pathnames) by default called options (see Table 1). The settings, which control FLEXPART's physics and program flow, are stored in different text files listed in Table 7 and described in Sect. 5.1. In addition, the options directory contains data files that are not usually changed by the user.
The meteorological input data, one file for each input time, are stored in GRIB format in a common directory (specified in line 3 of pathnames). To enable FLEXPART to find these files, a file usually named AVAILABLE (given in line 4 of pathnames) contains a list of all available meteorological input files and their corresponding time stamps. Additional files containing nested input data may also be provided. In this case, a separate file containing the input file names (e.g., named AVAILABLE_NESTED) must be given. Date and time entries in the AVAILABLE* files for mother and nested fields must be identical. Details on the meteorological input data are given in Sect. 5.2.
Table 7Alphabetical list of the run-defining input files (upper part) and static input files (lower parts), usually contained in a directory called options. Processing of files marked with * depends on the run specifications. The other files are always read in.
5.1 Run-defining settings: the options directory
Here, we give an overview of the information provided in the run-defining FLEXPART user input files listed in Table 7. In previous versions of FLEXPART, these files were formatted text files (coming alternatively in a long and a short format). For backward compatibility, these plain text formats are still supported. However, FLEXPART v10.4 also allows for the use of namelists, a standard Fortran feature whereby values are provided in a list with elements of the form name=value. When FLEXPART is started, it tries to open the files as namelists, and if this is not working, it expects the files to be in one of the two old plain text formats. We encourage users to update their input files to namelists for two reasons. Firstly, FLEXPART now has default user options for all input settings so that users only need to set those options that they want to deviate from the defaults. Secondly, namelists make it easier to add new user options, which may be required in future versions of FLEXPART. Thus, plain text input files may not be supported in future versions of FLEXPART. Examples for all formats of the user input files are contained in the FLEXPART distribution.
To convert user input files of any format to namelist format, the switch nmlout=.TRUE. (in file com_mod.f90) must be set before compilation. Then, run-defining user input files are written out in namelist format in the output directory, with the appendix .namelist added to the input file name (e.g., COMMAND.namelist). This feature also improves the traceability of FLEXPART model results and makes simulations easily reproducible by documenting the settings used for the model run.
In the following, we provide reference tables of the run-defining user input files including default settings (in bold) when using the namelist format. Notice that the default values are appropriate for regional-scale simulations, but simulations on smaller scales or with higher accuracy may need adjustments (in particular, shorter time steps and the use of the new CBL scheme).
5.1.1 File COMMAND
The COMMAND file contains the user settings controlling the simulation and the behavior of the run. The default COMMAND file contains a namelist &COMMAND, for which Table 8 provides a complete listing of all settings with their meaning and preset default values. It is important that users of previous FLEXPART versions who choose to use plain text input files update their COMMAND file, since new parameters have been added. However, the cblflag (and any option added afterwards) must be provided in namelist format in any case.
Seibert and Frank (2004); Eckhardt et al. (2017)Seibert and Frank (2004); Eckhardt et al. (2017)
Table 8Contents of the user input file COMMAND. Variable names with their meaning and all possible values are listed. Where appropriate, default values are given in bold. Note that not all input parameter combinations are allowed.
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5.1.2 File RELEASES
The RELEASES file contains information related to when and where the particles are introduced in the simulation and other properties of the release points (e.g., the chemical species simulated). It consists of a namelist &RELEASES_CTRL that specifies header information. The header gives the total number of different species (i.e., different substances) to be released, followed by a corresponding list of the FLEXPART species numbers nnn, and SPECIES_nnn files define the species' physical properties (see Sect. 5.1.3). Following the header, there is an arbitrary number of namelists &RELEASE defining each release. For each such release, the following is given: the starting and ending time, the location and extension, the masses released (one value for each released species), and the number of particles to be released, as well as a comment string. The content of the RELEASES file is summarized in Table 9.
Table 9Contents of the user input file RELEASES.
5.1.3 SPECIES files
The subdirectory options/SPECIES/ needs to contain one or more files named SPECIES_nnn. For each species nnn listed in the header section of the RELEASES file, such a SPECIES_nnn file must exist. The parameters in the SPECIES_nnn file, contained in the namelist &SPECIES_PARAMS, set the species name and define the physicochemical properties of the species; they are described in Table 10. These are important for simulating radioactive or chemical decay, wet deposition (scavenging) for gases and aerosols, dry deposition for gases and aerosols, particle settling, and chemical reaction with the OH radical. Some parameters are only necessary for gas tracers and some are only necessary for aerosol tracers; thus, a namelist does not need to contain all parameters for both gases and particles. Optionally, since FLEXPART version 6.0, information about temporal emission variations can be added at the end of the file.
Notice that the format of the SPECIES_nnn files has changed from previous FLEXPART versions and users need to update their files accordingly. The use of SPECIES_nnn files from older FLEXPART versions may lead to run time errors or erroneous results.
Table 10FLEXPART variables set in the user input file SPECIES_nnn for species number nnn. Note that the variable names given in the input namelist are the same as used subsequently in FLEXPART but with a prepended letter p (for parameter). For instance, pspecies corresponds to species.
The following specifies the parameters associated with each physicochemical process simulated.
Radioactive or chemical decay: set with pdecay; off if pdecay<0.
Wet deposition for gases: set with pweta_gas, pwetb_gas (for below-cloud) and phenry (for in-cloud). Switch off for both in- and below-cloud if either pweta_gas or pwetb_gas is negative.
Wet deposition for aerosols: set with pccn_aero, pin_aero for in-cloud scavenging and pcrain_aero, pcsnow_aero and pdquer for below-cloud scavenging.
Dry deposition for aerosols: set with pdensity, pdquer and psigma; off if pdensity<0.
Dry deposition for gases: set with phenry, pf0 and preldiff; off if preldiff<0. Alternatively, a constant dry deposition velocity pdryvel can be given.
Settling of particles: set with pdensity and pdquer.
OH reaction: chemical reaction with the OH radical can be turned on by giving parameter pohcconst (cm3 molecule−1 s−1), pohdconst (K) and pohnconst (no unit) positive values; defined by Eq. (13).
Emission variation: emission variation during the hours (local time) of the day and during the days of the week can be specified. Factors should be 1.0 on average to obtain unbiased emissions overall. The area source factors (useful, e.g., for traffic emissions) are applied to emissions with a lower release height below 0.5 m above ground level (a.g.l.) and the point source factors (useful, e.g., for power plant emissions) to emissions with a lower release height than 0.5 m a.g.l. Default values are 1.0.
5.1.4 File OUTGRID
The OUTGRID file specifies the domain and grid spacing of the three-dimensional output grid. Note that in a Lagrangian model, the domain and resolution of the gridded output are totally independent from those of the meteorological input (apart from the fact that the output domain must be contained within the computational domain). The OUTGRID file contains a namelist &OUTGRID specifying all parameters. The variables read in for this file and all the following input files have not changed in recent FLEXPART versions; thus, for further explanation, see Stohl et al. (1995). Example files can be found in the options directory in the FLEXPART distribution.
5.1.5 File OUTGRID_NEST
Output can also be produced on one nested output grid with higher horizontal resolution, defined in the file OUTGRID_NEST, but with the same vertical resolution as given in OUTGRID. The OUTGRID_NEST file contains a namelist &OUTGRIDN specifying all parameters.
5.1.6 File AGECLASSES
The option to produce age class output can be activated in the COMMAND file. The file AGECLASSES then allows for the definition of a list of times (in seconds, in increasing order) that define the age classes used for model output. With this option, the model output (e.g., concentrations) is split into contributions from particles of different age, defined as the time passed since the particle release. Particles are dropped from the simulation once they exceed the maximum age, allowing their storage locations to be reused for new particles. This is an important technique to limit the memory usage for long-term simulations. Thus, even if the user is not interested in age information per se, it may often be useful to set one age class to define a maximum particle age.
5.1.7 File RECEPTORS
In addition to gridded model output, it is also possible to define receptor points. With this option output can be specifically produced for certain points at the surface in addition to gridded output. The RECEPTORS file contains a list with the definitions of the receptor name, longitude and latitude. If no such file is present, no receptors are written to output.
5.1.8 Static data input files
Several files contain static input data that are not usually modified by the user. These are (by default) also located in the options directory. If modeling a species requires calculating OH reactions, an OH field stored in file OH_variables.bin needs to be present. The file IGBP_int1.dat is a land cover inventory; file surfdata.t gives the roughness length and leaf area index of the different land cover types, and file surfdepo.t contains surface resistances for dry deposition calculations.
5.2 Meteorological data and preprocessing routines
FLEXPART can be run with meteorological input data for global domains or for smaller, limited-area domains. The FLEXPART computational domain always corresponds to this mother domain set by the input data, while the output domain can be smaller. FLEXPART can also ingest higher-resolution meteorological input data in subdomains of the mother domain. Such nested data must be available for the exact same times as those for the mother domain, checked by FLEXPART by comparing the time stamps in the two AVAILABLE(_NESTED) files. There is no nesting in the vertical direction and the poles must not be contained in any nest. To automatically produce the AVAILABLE(_NESTED) files, a Python script is available from the FLEXPART website (https://flexpart.eu/wiki/FpInputMetMkavail, last access: 25 June 2018) that checks which input files are present and then creates this file in the required format.
Compilation of FLEXPART v10.4 produces a single executable that automatically detects whether the meteorological input data come from the ECMWF IFS or NCEP GFS and whether they are in GRIB-1 or in GRIB-2 format. Nevertheless, certain parameters may need to be adapted in par_mod.f90 to the size of the meteorological input files (array dimensions), and the input grid may need to be shifted relative to the output grid (parameter nxshift). In the following, we describe how meteorological input data appropriate for FLEXPART can be retrieved from the ECMWF and NCEP.
5.2.1 ECMWF data retrieval
ECMWF data can be comprised of analysis and/or forecast data from the operational IFS data stream or specific reanalysis projects. For operational data, the meteorological fields can currently have a maximal temporal resolution of 1 h (more frequent data are not available), a vertical resolution of 137 model levels and 0.1∘×0.1∘ horizontal resolution on a regular latitude–longitude grid. Other ECMWF datasets are not available at such high horizontal resolution. For example, ERA-Interim reanalysis data (Dee et al., 2011) with 1∘×1∘ latitude–longitude resolution and 60 vertical levels can be retrieved 3-hourly by mixing 6-hourly analysis and 3 h forecast fields, but higher resolution is not available from the standard archive. The new Copernicus reanalysis ERA5 provides 1-hourly analysis fields with 137 model levels and a horizontal resolution of 31 km (0.28125∘). Notice that access to some datasets, in particular the operational forecasts, is restricted and requires specific access (https://www.ecmwf.int/en/forecasts/accessing-forecasts, last access: 23 June 2018). However, reanalysis data (https://software.ecmwf.int/wiki/display/WEBAPI/Available+ECMWF+Public+Datasets, last access: 23 June 2018) are publicly available.
The IFS is a global model that uses spectral representation with spherical harmonics for the dynamical part and a grid-point representation on a reduced Gaussian grid for the physical part. However, FLEXPART needs the input data on a regular latitude–longitude grid, and thus IFS data have to be preprocessed. With respect to the vertical coordinate system, the data need to be on the native ECMWF model levels (η levels), which are subsequently transformed within FLEXPART to a terrain-following vertical coordinate system.
As explained above, each ECMWF dataset has its own specific temporal and spatial resolution, and the meteorological parameters provided can be different from dataset to dataset. To produce meteorological GRIB files suitable for FLEXPART input from these different datasets, a software called flex_extract (current version 7.0.4) has been developed specifically for this purpose. In order to prepare the GRIB files from the ECMWF Meteorological Archival and Retrieval System (MARS; https://software.ecmwf.int/wiki/download/attachments/45759146/mars.pdf, last access: 24 June 2018), several retrieval requests using the MARS command language and some further processing steps are needed. Since all ECMWF datasets need to be handled differently and some may not even contain all information needed for FLEXPART, flex_extract has a focus on some of the most important ones for driving FLEXPART. These are, in particular, the reanalysis datasets ERA-Interim (Dee et al., 2011), CERA-20C (the coupled climate reanalysis of the 20th century; Laloyaux et al., 2018) and the latest reanalysis ERA5, as well as data from the operational IFS stream. Each file (one for each time step) prepared by flex_extract for FLEXPART consists of a set of model-level and surface data as a combination of analysis and forecast fields depending on availability. For example, certain variables such as precipitation may only be available in forecast fields, whereas other data are also contained in analysis fields; flex_extract seeks an optimum combination of such data. Note that some parameters are stored as time-accumulated fields in the ECMWF archives and flex_extract calculates the instantaneous fluxes out of them (e.g., precipitation fluxes). For more details on this process of de-accumulation, see Hittmeir et al. (2018). Since FLEXPART needs the pressure hybrid coordinate vertical velocity as used in the ECMWF model, an important feature of flex_extract is the computation of this parameter from the horizontal wind field (see Stohl et al., 2001) for ERA-Interim and for the years when it was not operationally archived in MARS (before 2009).
The ECMWF is a European intergovernmental organization that grants full access to its multi-petabyte MARS archive for their member and cooperating states. Users with a full-access account can run flex_extract v7.0.4 directly on ECMWF servers or via a local gateway server. This mode is also required to retrieve the most recent operational data from the ECMWF. Users from member or cooperating states interested in this mode should contact the computing representative from their national meteorological service to obtain an account. Users from other countries worldwide can self-register at the ECMWF for a public account to be able to retrieve the public datasets (i.e., most reanalysis products); flex_extract v7.0.4 makes use of the WebAPI (https://software.ecmwf.int/wiki/display/WEBAPI/ECMWF+Web+API+Home, last access: 24 June 2018) tool provided by the ECMWF to access the data from outside their systems. This tool can distinguish between public and member state users. Therefore, it is also a convenient option for member and cooperating state users who only need data older than a few days from the operational stream or reanalysis data. A full-access account to ECMWF servers is no longer needed in this case.
The flex_extract software v7.0.4 is a set of Python routines combined with a Fortran program for faster computation of grid transformations and vertical velocity calculation. A Python 2.7 interpreter with several common modules, such as NumPy and date–time, are required and usually included in the Anaconda distribution (https://www.anaconda.com/download/, last access: 25 June 2018). Additionally, a Fortran compiler, the ECMWF WebAPI tool, the GRIB-API or ecCodes module, and the Emoslib interpolation library have to be available. Note that the GRIB-API (or ecCodes) module has to be available for Python as well as for Fortran. Installation instructions can be found at ECMWF websites directly or in the Software Installation Plan for flex_extract. Knowledge of Python, although helpful, is not necessary for using the retrieval scripts. A certain knowledge of the ECMWF dataset to be retrieved is useful to understand the composition of retrievals, but many basic examples of CONTROL files are provided in the flex_extract distribution. These CONTROL files determine the key parameters for the flex_extract MARS retrievals and can be adapted to change domain as well as spatial and temporal resolution. Even for these few parameters the user should check for availability upfront. For example, ERA-Interim data have a maximum grid resolution of 0.75∘×0.75∘ and 6-hourly temporal resolution for the public dataset.
The flex_extract v7.0.4 software is included in the FLEXPART v10.4 file tree under the directory preprocess (see Table 1). It can also be downloaded from https://flexpart.eu/ (last access: 30 October 2019) (https://flexpart.eu/downloads/62, last access: 30 October 2019) as a tarball. For more details the reader is referred to the flex_extract v7.0.4 user documentation (e.g., the Software Installation Plan – SIP.pdf – and the Software User Tutorial – SUT.pdf) in preprocess/flex_extract.
5.2.2 NCEP data retrieval
Meteorological data from the NCEP GFS are freely available, easily accessible and ingested by FLEXPART on pressure levels, unlike ECMWF data. These pressure-level data have lower resolution than model-level data but offer the advantage of great consistency between different datasets. Therefore, preprocessing NCEP data is much simpler than ECMWF data and limited to precipitation data, which are available only in forecast fields.
Both operational analysis data and several reanalysis datasets are available. Notice that NCEP also provides forecast data for free, which are not available from the ECMWF even for member state users except for national meteorological services or users with a special contract. The data retrieval from NCEP is described in a wiki page on the FLEXPART website (https://flexpart.eu/wiki/FpInputMetGfs, last access: 8 July 2018), where a script for downloading NCEP data can also be found. Operational GFS data can be downloaded by simple FTP or wget from a rolling archive of the meteorological forecast and analysis data (http://www.ftp.ncep.noaa.gov/data/nccf/com/gfs/prod/, last access: 8 July 2018) under the catalog gfs.YYYYMMDDHH, which contains fields in GRIB-2 format. Six-hourly NCEP FNL (Final) Operational Model Global Tropospheric Analyses (http://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds083.2/, last access: 30 October 2019) are available in near-real time since July 1999. These data are similar to the operational analyses, but NCEP also ingests late-incoming observation data for their production. Archived reanalysis datasets are also available from NCEP, e.g., the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) Selected Hourly Time-Series Products (http://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds093.1/, last access: 30 October 2019) for the period January 1979 to March 2011.
6 FLEXPART output
6.1 Output files overview
In the following we describe the FLEXPART output files together with changes made since the last documented FLEXPART version (Stohl et al., 2005). An overview of all possible output files is provided in Table 11. Notice that not all these files are written out in every model run; the user settings control which files are produced. At the beginning of a run, FLEXPART records descriptive metadata in the binary file header. This information is also written into the plain text files header_txt (with the exception of the orography data and release information). The release information is written in header_txt_releases. Corresponding files header_nest are produced if nested output is selected.
Table 11List of FLEXPART output files and for which user settings (“switches”) they are produced. See Table 12 for details on the units in the gridded output.
At each output time, FLEXPART produces files containing the gridded output. Separate files are created for every species and domain (mother and, if requested, nest). The naming convention for these files is grid_type_date_nnn. For forward runs, type can be conc or pptv for concentrations and mixing ratios or flux for 3-D mass fluxes across the grid cell faces (Stohl et al., 2005, Sect. 8.5). For backward runs, type can be time for the sensitivity of receptor concentrations to emission fluxes, drydep for the sensitivity of receptor dry deposition to emissions or wetdep for the sensitivity of receptor wet deposition to emissions. For backward runs, there can also be an output file grid_initial_nnn, which gives the receptor sensitivity to initial conditions; date denotes the date and time for which the output is valid, and nnn is the species number as specified in RELEASES. The list of the output times is progressively written to the text file dates. For the nested output, grid is replaced by grid_nest.
Wet and dry deposition fields in forward runs are calculated on the same horizontal output grid and are appended to grid_conc_date_nnn and grid_pptv_date_nnn files. The deposited matter is accumulated over the course of a model run. It generally increases with model time, but for species with radioactive decay, losses are possible. As for long simulations small deposition amounts may be added to already large deposited quantities, the default precision of the deposition fields was changed from single (in older FLEXPART versions) to double precision to avoid numerical inaccuracies when deriving instantaneous fluxes from accumulated quantities.
For a list of points at the surface, concentrations or mixing ratios in forward simulations can also be calculated independently from the grid using a kernel method and recorded in the files receptor_conc and/or receptor_pptv.
If the particle dump option is activated, in addition to the gridded output, the particle coordinates together with additional variables such as pressure, humidity, density, tropopause height, ABL height and orography height are recorded in the binary files partposit_date. These data can be useful for a variety of different purposes, for instance diagnostics of the water cycle (Stohl and James, 2004). FLEXPART version 10.4 also has the new option to write out time-averaged particle positions and meteorological data. These are recorded in the files partposit_average_date. Such output may be useful to obtain, for instance, more representative heights for particles in the boundary layer, where particle positions change rapidly and this is not sampled sufficiently with instantaneous output. If plume trajectory mode is activated, for every release the positions of trajectory clusters representing the centers of mass of all released particles are recorded in the file trajectories.txt (Stohl et al., 2002, 2005, Sect. 10).
The physical unit used for the output data in the files grid_conc_date_nnn and grid_time_date_nnn depends on the settings of the switches ind_source and ind_receptor, following Table 12. It is noteworthy that the unit of mass mixing ratio can also be used in grid_conc_date_nnn. For forward runs, additional files grid_pptv_date_nnn can be created (setting IOUT to values of 2 or 3), which contain data such as volume mixing ratios (requires molar weight in SPECIES_nnn file). Source–receptor relationships (i.e., emission sensitivities) in backward mode for atmospheric receptors are written out in grid_time_date_nnn files; those for deposited mass are recorded in files grid_wetdep_date_nnn and grid_drydep_date_nnn (see Seibert and Frank (2004), Eckhardt et al. (2017), Sect. 2.5, and Table 12 for output units). Notice that the user can also provide different input units. For instance, if emissions in a forward run are specified in Becquerels (Bq), the output would be in nanobecquerels per cubic meter (nBq m−3) with ind_source=1 and ind_receptor=1. Notice further that all gridded output quantities in FLEXPART are grid cell averages, not point values.
Table 12 Physical units of the input (in file RELEASES) and output data for forward (files grid_conc_date_nnn) and backward (files grid_time_date_nnn) runs for the various settings of the unit switches ind_source and ind_receptor (for both switches, 1 refers to mass units, 2 to mass mixing ratio units). IOUT is 1 (or 9 for NetCDF output) except where indicated; “(dep.)” in lines 5 and 6 of the table refer to the deposition output provided in addition to the atmospheric output in files grid_conc_date_nnn.
6.2 Sparse matrix output
Depending on the type of model run, the gridded output can contain many grid cells with zero values (e.g., dispersion from a point source, backward run from a single receptor). The output is therefore written in a sparse matrix format, which is specific to FLEXPART. The array containing the data to be written out is scanned for sequences of nonzero values. The number of sequences found is stored in an integer variable sp_count_i, and the field positions at which each sequence begins are stored in a 1-D integer array, sparse_dump_i, using a one-dimensional representation of the output field. The total number of nonzero values is stored in sp_count_r and the nonzero values themselves in the real vector sparse_dump_r. Since all physical output quantities of FLEXPART are greater than or equal to zero, nonzero sequences are stored in sparse_dump_r with alternating signs, which allows for the separation of different sequences upon reading. Finally, all four variables are written out to the unformatted output file. This format replaces the compression used up to version 7 (the smallest of a full dump and a simple sparse matrix format), saving up to 60 % of disk space. The sparse matrix data can be read, for example, with the functions readgrid.f (Fortran) and flex_read.m (MATLAB) described in Sect. 6.4
6.3 NetCDF output
FLEXPART v10.4 can also support output in NetCDF format if the NetCDF libraries are available. To activate NetCDF support, append ncf=yes to the make command. If FLEXPART is compiled and linked to the NetCDF libraries, output files in NetCDF format can be produced by adding 8 to the IOUT parameter in the input file COMMAND, e.g., IOUT=9 corresponds to IOUT=1 with the standard binary output; see Table 11 and Sect. 5.1.1. In the NetCDF module netcdf_output_mod.f90 a parameter write_releases determines at compile time if the information on the releases should also be written to the NetCDF file. Only one NetCDF file is written that contains all species and all time steps. Both mother and nested output (if present) are contained in that file. Since the NetCDF output is specified in the climate and forecast (CF) format, any standard software can be used for displaying and processing the output (e.g., panoply, ncview). NetCDF output data files are compressed.
The NetCDF output file contains information on the run settings and the simulation grid from the COMMAND and OUTGRID* files. It also contains additional information in the header on the producing center, as listed in Table 13. The content of these attributes can be adapted in the file netcdf_output_mod.f90 before compilation.
Table 13 Additional information in the NetCDF output file as attributes.
6.4 Post-processing routines
For the NetCDF output of FLEXPART, standard visualization tools, for example Panoply, can be used. For the sparse matrix binary output, several post-processing routines (MATLAB, Fortran, R, Python and IDL) have been developed in order to assist in the usage and analysis of these data. A number of post-processing tools are available online (https://flexpart.eu/wiki/FpOutput, last access: 16 August 2018). Note that some of these tools require reading a text string containing the model version. Since the length of this string changed in FLEXPART v9.2, the post-processing routines now require the allocation of a longer string.
Fortran routines are available for download on the FLEXPART website with the subroutines readheader.f for reading the header and readgrid.f for reading the gridded binary fields. Analysis or plotting programs written in Fortran can call these subroutines.
There are also MATLAB tools working in a similar way as the Fortran routines, with flex_header.m for reading the header and flex_read.m for reading the data fields. If particle dumps were made, the MATLAB function readpart.m reads the corresponding data files (a similar Fortran code is also available).
The R programs available for post-processing FLEXPART output include routines to read the binary output in the grid_conc (or grid_pptv) and grid_time files and to plot maps. Routines are also available to plot trajectories on a map from the file trajectories.txt and to plot time series of concentrations (or mixing ratios) from the file receptor_conc (or receptor_pptv).
Several Python tools are available for reading FLEXPART data from release 8.0 and above. The module reflexible, available from the FLEXPART website and also at https://github.com/spectraphilic/reflexible (last access: 6 August 2018), enables the user to easily read and access the header and grid output data of the FLEXPART model runs. It provides a simple tool that facilitates consistent reading of both the original sparse matrix output files and the NetCDF output. Some basic plotting functionality is provided to quickly assess and validate runs or to look at the input parameters. An alternative Python tool is Quicklook that can be also downloaded from the https://flexpart.eu website.
7 Application examples
In this section we provide 38 examples of the FLEXPART model that serve three purposes: (1) verification of a new FLEXPART installation; (2) demonstration of the model capabilities for new users; and (3) confirmation of consistency in the model output when code changes are made that should not change the results. These examples do not represent an exhaustive set of all possible model uses, but they are designed to demonstrate and test different widely used functionalities of the model.
All examples are variations of a default example case, which uses the settings in the user input files as distributed with the FLEXPART v10.4 code package. These default input files are located in the directory options (Sect. 5) and are consistent with the default meteorological data retrieved from the ECMWF by the flex_extract package (Appendices A5 and B1). An AVAILABLE file fitting with these input data is also distributed with FLEXPART. These default settings are described in detail in Appendix B2.
Using the default example as a basis, the different functionalities of the model can be activated by adequately changing certain parameters in the user input files, thereby generating 36 other example runs. We have categorized these examples into 10 different groups; each group explores different capabilities of the model. Table 14 lists all examples and the parameter changes needed to produce them. The first group includes the default example and explores the different options for producing gridded model output (e.g., output units, output formats) for a simple forward model run with a single starting point over the North Atlantic. The second group of examples introduces FLEXPART's backward simulation capability. The third group demonstrates different usages of the particle dump output. The fourth group gives examples for the use of mass vs. mass mixing ratio units at both the source and the receptor and for both forward and backward simulations to establish source–receptor relationships as in Seibert and Frank (2004). The fifth group produces output for different chemical species and aerosols. The sixth group illustrates the use of nested output fields. Group seven is constituted by a single domain-filling run, as used, for instance, in Stohl and James (2004). Group eight contains settings for a backward run providing 2-D sensitivities to gridded surface fluxes and 3-D sensitivities to initial conditions, as they are typically required for the inverse modeling of greenhouse gases (e.g., Thompson et al., 2017). Group nine shows the use of the new skewed turbulence parameterization (Cassiani et al., 2015). Group 10 shows the use of the new backward deposition (Eckhardt et al., 2017). Group 11 contains a forward 2 d run simulating instantaneous emissions from a hypothetical Grímsvötn eruption (Fig. 9).
Table 14List of the test cases for FLEXPART 10.4.
Figure 9Hypothetical Grímsvötn eruption on 1 April 2015 at 00:00 UTC (instantaneous release). Total column concentrations are shown (µg m−2) 18 h after the eruption.
The list of examples may be extended in the future to allow for the testing of even more model features and to provide a reference archive to see how FLEXPART results may change as the code is being developed further. The user can get these reference results from https://flexpart.eu. A quick reference containing mean and maximum grid values for every example is also referenced in Appendix B5.
The directory tests/examples/ contains scripts that generate all the files necessary to run the examples. These scripts, described in Appendix B3, generate the input files by modifying the namelists in the default options directory provided with the distribution. This is done by the bash script gen_options_all.sh. For instance, the example “bwd” is generated by changing the line containing the parameter LDIRECT to −1 in the file COMMAND.
After the input data files are generated, all examples can be executed interactively from the command line. Alternatively, the script gen_batch_jobs_cl.sh generates a batch script for each case (to be run from the command line or using a workload manager such as SLURM). This procedure automates the sample output generation. Once the output files are created, they can be read using the tools in the directory postprocess. They can be plotted and analyzed with, e.g., the reading routines described in Sect. 6.4. In addition, some testing capabilities have been added. These are presented in Appendix B.
8 Final remarks, outlook and future code development
In this paper, we have described the Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART v10.4; 2 decades ago, the model code was developed mainly by one person, with specific code input from a few other researchers. At that time, no specific measures were needed to ensure code consistency, track code changes or identify coding bugs. However, as the number of FLEXPART users has grown substantially in recent years, more and more people have started to develop the code, contributed code snippets, and reported or identified bugs. The resulting code changes range from the adaptation of more modern coding standards, parallelization and efficiency enhancements, the improvement of the model functionality, and the addition of output options, to revisions and extensions of the model physics. All this has been documented in this paper. Integration of all these changes into a single stable model version represents a growing challenge in itself, and efforts to address this challenge (e.g., model website and repository, version control, testing environment) have also been documented here.
As FLEXPART is developed further, updates will continue to be made available on the FLEXPART website at https://flexpart.eu. We encourage established and new users to contribute to FLEXPART development by providing their code changes, as well as a description of these changes, as new feature branches of the latest commits in the FLEXPART git repository. New code should pass all test cases provided in the FLEXPART distribution and provide consistent output, unless there are specific reasons why output should be different, such as improvements in the model physics. This will expedite the integration of important new model features in the main development branch of the model.
Code and data availability.
The code described in this work is archived as flexpart10.4.tar at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3542278 (Pisso et al., 2019). FLEXPART downloads are available at https://www.flexpart.eu/downloads (last access: 22 November 2019) and FLEXPART releases are available at https://git.nilu.no/flexpart/flexpart/-/releases (last access: 22 November 2019). The working git repository for this version 10.4 (branches master, dev and release) can be accessed at https://git.nilu.no/flexpart/flexpart (last access: 22 November 2019) as well as the mirrors https://www.flexpart.eu/gitmob/flexpart (last access: 22 November 2019), https://github.com/flexpart/flexpart (last access: 22 November 2019) and https://bitbucket.org/flexpart/flexpart (last access: 22 November 2019).
Here, we provide step-by-step instructions on how to install FLEXPART on Linux from scratch. This has been tested on an Ubuntu 16.4 distribution running on a dedicated instance in the Amazon cloud. Notice that in most environments, some or all of the required libraries (e.g., a Fortran compiler) are already installed and an installation totally from scratch would thus not be needed. In such cases, we strongly recommend that these libraries are used instead of installing everything from scratch. However, sometimes it may be necessary to install them from source (e.g., to avoid incompatibilities between different compilers or different versions of the same compiler). In the following, we assume that the user has root privileges in the system, but it is also possible for normal users to install the libraries in nonstandard locations. It is possible to ask for help by writing to the FLEXPART user email list (registration needed) or by creating a ticket on the community website at https://flexpart.eu.
A1 System requirements
To begin, ensure that the latest packages are being used. This section is for completeness only, and most users (if not starting from a new system installation) can skip it and jump to Sect. A2.
FLEXPART is developed using gfortran.
sudo apt-get install g++ gfortran
Some libraries (e.g., grib_api, jasper-1.900.1) require the GNU autotools suite in order to configure, build and install.
sudo apt-get install autoconf libtool
automake flex bison
Newer packages (e.g., ecCodes) use CMake instead.
sudo apt-get install cmake
Python is not required for FLEXPART itself but is necessary for some preprocessing and post-processing tools, in particular flex_extract for retrieving ECMWF wind fields. Git is recommended to access the code repositories. An editor (e.g., vim) is usually also necessary.
sudo apt-get install python-dev
python-pip git-core vim
A2 Installing GRIB libraries
If JPG compression is needed to decode the input meteorological winds, download the jasper library from the jasper project page (http://www.ece.uvic.ca/~mdadams/jasper/, last access: 30 October 2019) and install it.
curl https://www.ece.uvic.ca/~frodo/jasper/
software/jasper-1.900.1.zip
--output jasper-1.900.1.zip
sudo apt install unzip
unzip jasper-1.900.1.zip
cd jasper-1.900.1
make check
Download the grib_api library from the ECMWF website (https://software.ecmwf.int/wiki/display/GRIB/Home, last access: 30 October 2019) and install it.
gunzip grib_api-X.X.X.tar.gz
tar -xf grib_api-X.X.X.tar
./configure [--prefix=grib_api_dir]
[--with_jasper=<jasper installation
path>]
If you have no root privileges in your system, give the full path of grib_api_dir to the prefix option. If jasper is in a nonstandard location, is has to be passed to the grib_api configuration script. Please note that GRIB-API is no longer maintained. The primary GRIB encoding–decoding package used at the ECMWF is currently ecCodes. Any new features for the handling of GRIB files will only be developed in ecCodes. However, for FLEXPART v10.4 grib_api is sufficient. We keep the grib_api instructions for backward consistency.
For future versions, ensure that the path /usr/local/lib/ is in the environment variable $PATH; otherwise, ecCodes may not find it. Obtain and unpack ecCodes.
curl https://software.ecmwf.int/wiki/
download/attachments/45757960/
eccodes-2.7.3-Source.tar.gz \
--output eccodes-2.7.3-Source.tar.gz
tar -xvf eccodes-2.7.3-Source.tar.gz
The ecCodes requires CMake. The installation procedure is described on the ECMWF ecCodes web page.
A3 Installing NetCDF libraries
NetCDF output is optional. In order to enable NetCDF output, the NetCDF library has to be available in the system. For building the NetCDF library it is recommended to first build HDF5 with support for compression (zlib). For this, download zlib (version 1.2.8) from the zlib website (https://www.zlib.net/, last access: 30 October 2019) and install it.
tar -xzvf zlib-1.2.8.tar.gz
cd zlib-1.2.8/
./configure [--prefix=<installation path>]
Download HDF5 from the HDF Group website (https://www.hdfgroup.org/HDF5/release/obtainsrc.html, last access: 30 October 2019) and install it.
tar -xzvf hdf5-1.8.17.tar.gz
cd hdf5-1.8.17/
./configure --with-zlib=<path to zlib>
[--prefix=<installation path>]
Download the latest stable version of NetCDF–C from the Unidata website (https://www.unidata.ucar.edu/downloads/netcdf/, last access: 30 October 2019) and install it.
tar -xzvf netcdf-4.4.1.tar.gz
cd netcdf-4.4.1/
./configure --enable-netcdf-4
Download the latest stable version of NetCDF–Fortran from the Unidata website (https://www.unidata.ucar.edu/downloads/netcdf/, last access: 30 October 2019) and install it.
tar -xzvf netcdf-fortran-4.4.4.tar.gz
cd netcdf-fortran-4.4.4/
A4 Installing FLEXPART
Download the latest release of the FLEXPART source from the FLEXPART community website (https://flexpart.eu/wiki/FpDownloads, last access: 14 November 2019) or from https://transport.nilu.no (last access: 14 November 2019) and untar it.
tar -xvf flexpart10.4.tar.gz
Alternatively, clone the FLEXPART repository directly from the FLEXPART community site git.
git clone https://www.flexpart.eu/gitmob/
flexpart
This mirrors https://git.nilu.no/flexpart/flexpart. Additional mirrors exist, e.g., at Bitbucket (https://bitbucket.org/flexpart/flexpart, last access 30 October 2019) and GitHub (https://github.com/flexpart/flexpart, last access 30 October 2019). Edit the library path variable in the makefile according to the position of libeccodes (or libgrib_api) and libjasper. Optionally, edit the file par_mod.f90 to set parameters for the meteorological data, grid dimension and maximum particle number (maxpart, maxspec, nxmax, nymax, nuvzmax, nwzmax, nzmax, nxshift). The default values are set to work with the test cases in Sect. 7 but may be too small for large simulations or too large for the available system resources. Then type
in order to create the executable. Invoking the executable FLEXPART should now print in the standard output.
Welcome to FLEXPART Version 10.4
FLEXPART is free software released under
the GNU General Public License.
However, without access to valid input data, the program will issue an error. Appendix C explains how to generate valid output with the standard meteorological fields from the ECMWF that can be obtained following the procedure described in Sect. A5. The makefile also allows the following command.
This can be used to safely remove all object and module files, e.g., if one wants to recompile after compiler option changes.
A5 Installing flex_extract
A short description of the installation steps for this software is given for the public user mode (other modes are described in the flex_extract documentation). For this mode, the user does not need to be a member state user (https://www.ecmwf.int/en/about/who-we-are/member-states, last access: 13 October 2018) but can simply register at the ECMWF website. For the other operating modes and a more detailed explanation, see the README.md file of the python directory in the flex_extract distribution or the documentation files SIP.pdf and SUT_ondemand.pdf.
First of all, the user should register at the ECMWF website (https://www.ecmwf.int/en/forecasts/accessing-forecasts/order-historical-datasets, last access: 13 October 2018). To access public datasets each dataset license has to be accepted separately before the account can be used for retrieval of these data. This can be done at the following website: https://software.ecmwf.int/wiki/display/WEBAPI/Available+ECMWF+Public+Datasets (last access: 13 October 2018).
A5.1 System preparation for flex_extract
flex_extract requires a Python environment and a Fortran compiler. See Sect. A1 for installation instructions. To prepare the environment for the flex_extract installation, it is advisable to consider the official documentation and information from the ECMWF websites. We recommend the following steps.
For important information read the Emoslib (https://software.ecmwf.int/wiki/display/EMOS/Emoslib, last access: 13 October 2018) installation instructions first.
Read the ECMWF blog about gfortran (https://software.ecmwf.int/wiki/display/SUP/2015/05/11/Building+ECMWF+software+with+gfortran, last access: 13 October 2018) for details on the installation process of the libraries.
Install FFTW (http://www.fftw.org, last access: 13 October 2018) for Fortran, which is a library for computing the discrete Fourier transformation. This library is necessary for Emoslib. (Note: apply make twice! Once without any options and once with single precision option; see the information on the Emoslib website).
Install the interpolation library Emoslib for Fortran.
Install ecCodes (https://software.ecmwf.int/wiki/display/ECC, last access: 13 October 2018) or grib_api (https://software.ecmwf.int/wiki/display/GRIB/Home, last access: 13 October 2018) (for Python and Fortran). The grib_api support will be discontinued at the end of 2018 but ecCodes is downward compatible with grib_api.
Install the ECMWF WebAPI (https://confluence.ecmwf.int//display/WEBAPI/Access+MARS, last access: 13 October 2018) client by following the instructions on the website. It is a Python library to provide external access to the ECMWF servers.
Check whether LD_LIBRARY_PATH and PATH environment variables contain all paths to the previously installed libraries. The user should modify the .bashrc or .tcshrc file to guarantee that the variables contain the paths every time a new console is used.
Install the python package numpy via pip (https://scipy.org/install.html, last access: 13 October 2018).
Check the availability of Python packages (e.g., check the Python console for the following commands: import eccodes, import grib_api, import ecmwfapi)
Start a simple test retrieval (following the instructions on the ECMWF WebAPI website).
Install flex_extract (see the next section).
It is important to use the same compiler and compiler version for all libraries and the Fortran program CONVERT2.
A5.2 Building flex_extract
To install flex_extract a script install.py was prepared. The user can find it in the python directory of the flex_extract distribution.
The public user mode requires a local installation of flex_extract. Hence, we recommend adapting the paths to ecCodes, Emoslib or grib_api in one of the prepared makefiles, such as Makefile.local.gfortran, which can be found in the src directory. If a different compiler is used, this must also be adapted in the makefile. Then the installation script can be called as follows.
./install.py --target=local
--makefile=Makefile.local.gfortran
With this setting flex_extract is installed within the current flex_extract directory. To install it in a different place, e. g. within a FLEXPART distribution, the user can set the path with the parameter flexpart_root_scripts. The installation was successful if the compilation of the Fortran program (CONVERT2) did not fail and is displayed at the end in the terminal.
A5.3 Running flex_extract
flex_extract is controlled by providing CONTROL files that contain a list of parameter settings. These parameters are described in detail in the Software User Tutorial (SUT.pdf) in the docs directory. The CONTROL files specify which ECMWF dataset is to be retrieved, the time and spatial resolution, the format of the GRIB file, and other options. In the Python directory are some example CONTROL files for the different datasets and access modes. They can be used as templates. CONTROL files with a .public ending are usable for the public access mode. The main difference is the parameter dataset, which explicitly specifies the public datasets. Note that not all meteorological fields, times and parameters were archived in the public datasets. This is already considered in the public CONTROL files.
To run flex_extract, the main program submit.py must be called. It retrieves the ECMWF data and generates the FLEXPART input files. To show all possible parameter options one can use the -h option. The script must be called from the python directory of the flex_extract distribution. From the -h output it is clear that most parameters have default values or were already set via a CONTROL file parameter, except for the date. To retrieve just one day, one only needs to provide the start date. The rest will be done by flex_extract. This leads to the following script call for an arbitrary date.
./submit.py --controlfile=CONTROL_EI.public \
--start_date=20120101 \
--public=1
The program now displays each MARS request and some messages for the preparation of the FLEXPART input files. Eventually, the program will finish with a Done! message if there was no error. Output will be stored in the default directory work, which is a subdirectory of the distribution directory (flex_extract_v7.0.4). The produced files can serve as input to FLEXPART.
After a working FLEXPART executable is built (Appendix A), the next step is running the model and generating valid output. This requires consistent meteorological input data and user input files. In this section we describe the following: how to obtain the necessary wind fields (1), how to test run the executable with a default example (2), how to generate other examples (3), and how to run these examples and compare them with a reference output (4). In the following, $flexhome indicates the path to the root FLEXPART directory (e.g., $HOME/flexpart/) and $flex_extracthome indicates the path to the flex_extract root directory (e.g., $flexhome/preprocess/flex_extract/).
B1 Meteorological input for the examples
Appendix A describes how to build the flex_extract version included in the source code. Here, we describe the settings to produce the meteorological input data required for running the default (Sect. B2) and derived (Sect. B3) cases. The instructions are for ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis, which is a publicly available dataset (https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/WEBAPI/Access+ECMWF+Public+Datasets, last access: 30 October 2019). Therefore, the data can be obtained via ecmwfapi and no special access rights to the ECMWF are needed. However, in order to retrieve the data the user needs to register, obtain a personal Secure Shell (SSH) key and properly configure the file .ecmwfapirc. The execution of the retrieval requires the Python packages ecmwfapi (for access) and grib_api or eccodes (for processing). To retrieve the data, execute the following commands.
export PYTHONPATH=path/to/ecmwfapi:path/to/
grib_api
$flex_extracthome/Python>./submit.py
--start_date 20170102 --controlfile
CONTROL_EA5
This should generate the files EA170102?? in the following directory.
$flex_extracthome/work/
An AVAILABLE consistent with these wind fields is shipped together with the FLEXPART distribution.
$flexhome/AVAILABLE
B2 Running the default example: installation verification
With the input files, which are included in the FLEXPART distribution and described in Sect. 5, a first test case to verify that FLEXPART was installed correctly can be run. To start the model run, the meteorological data have to be in $flex_extracthome/work/ (see Sect. B1), the file pathnames in $flexhome, and the executable in $flexhome/src/ in the $flexhome directory type.
$flexhome>./src/FLEXPART
The results created by this run are stored, e.g., in a directory $flexhome/output (as defined in pathnames). The run should end with the following message.
CONGRATULATIONS: YOU HAVE SUCCESSFULLY
COMPLETED A FLEXPART MODEL RUN!
If this message is received, the model has completed the simulation, which confirms that FLEXPART and all required libraries are installed correctly. However, it does not guarantee valid output. To verify that the results obtained are valid, see Sect. B5.
B3 Generating variations of the default example
To demonstrate more functionalities, a set of shell scripts generating different FLEXPART setups are provided in $flexhome/tests/examples. The script set_default_example.sh takes the content of the options directory and pathnames file from Sect. B2 as a basis, and then gen_options_all.sh creates new options_suffix directories for all of the cases described in Table 14. Here, the suffix corresponds to the example name as given in column 2 in Table 14. Finally, the script gen_pathnames.sh generates corresponding pathnames_suffix files pointing to all the options_suffix directories. With this, all example cases in Table 14 are ready to run.
B4 Running the examples
The examples can be run interactively one by one by invoking FLEXPART with the corresponding pathnames_suffix file. Alternatively, the script gen_batch_jobs_cl.sh generates a one-line script for each example case containing a call of FLEXPART and the appropriate pathnames_suffix file as a command-line parameter. All example scripts can then be run sequentially with run_batch_cl.sh, which creates output_suffix directories with the results, as well as log files batch_job_pathnames_suffix.stdout for each run. The examples described above can now be read and plotted with the tools included in the distribution. These steps are also automated in a makefile. All of the files and directories created by executing the scripts from Sects. B2 to B4 can be removed again with the command make clean.
B5 Comparing the results
To verify that FLEXPART is producing valid output, it is useful to compare the output of a new installation with existing model output. It is also useful to repeat such a comparison after code changes to make sure the output is not affected, except for model simulations in which changes in the results are intended. While comprehensive comparisons of model results are possible, here we provide only a very simple way of checking the model results. The directory included in the FLEXPART distribution $flexhome/tests/examples_reference/ contains the output of the examples described in Table 14. The file read_examples_output.txt contains, for the relevant examples that produce gridded output, the mean and the maximum value that occurs in the gridded output files. This shall serve as a reference to which users can compare their results and thus verify that the model produces output as expected. In addition, the directory compare_examples contains the script compare_grids.sh that allows for the partial automation of this task (output in compare_examples_output.txt).
In addition to the reference version of FLEXPART described in this paper, there are many different model branches that were developed either for special purposes or to ingest other meteorological input data. This Appendix provides an incomplete list and a short description of some of these other versions. Further contributions are welcome in order to keep this list up to date.
C1 FLEXPART–NorESM/CAM
Recently, the FLEXPART model version FLEXPART–NorESM/CAM was developed, which is tailored to run with the meteorological output data generated by the CMIP5 version of NorESM1-M (the Norwegian Earth System Model) with 1.89∘ × 2.5∘ horizontal resolution and 26 vertical levels. The standard time resolution of the NorESM/CAM meteorological data is 3 h. FLEXPART–NorESM/CAM is based on FLEXPART v9, and the atmospheric component of NorESM1-M is based on CAM4 (the Community Atmosphere Model). The adaptation of FLEXPART to NorESM required new routines to read meteorological fields, new post-processing routines to obtain the vertical velocity in the FLEXPART coordinate system and other changes, as detailed by Cassiani et al. (2016). The code can be downloaded from https://www.flexpart.eu/wiki/FpClimateNorESM (last access: 30 October 2019).
C2 FLEXPART–WRF
This FLEXPART version uses output from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) mesoscale meteorological model (Brioude et al., 2013). Originally it was developed at the PNNL (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory) and named PILT (PNNL Integrated Lagrangian Transport). Compared to PILT, the further developed FLEXPART–WRF can use both instantaneous and time-averaged meteorological output of the WRF model. The latest version also includes the skewed turbulence scheme that was subsequently ported to the standard FLEXPART version 10.4. FLEXPART–WRF output can either be in binary or Network Common Data Form (NetCDF) format, both of which have efficient data compression. FLEXPART–WRF also offers effective parallelization with OpenMP in shared memory and an MPI library in distributed memory. Released versions of the code can be downloaded from https://www.flexpart.eu/wiki/ (last access: 30 October 2019) or cloned from the open repository git@git.nilu.no:flexpart/flexpart-wrf.git.
C3 FLEXPART–COSMO
In Europe several national weather services and research groups cooperate to develop and operate the non-hydrostatic limited-area atmospheric model COSMO (Consortium for Small-scale Modeling). At MeteoSwiss COSMO is operationally run with data assimilation on two grids with approximately 7×7 km2 and 2×2 km2 horizontal resolution centered over Switzerland. This enables the study of atmospheric transport over complex terrain on a long-term basis. To this end, we have developed a new version of FLEXPART that is offline coupled to COSMO output (FLEXPART–COSMO hereafter) and supports output from multiple COSMO nests. Particles are internally referenced against the native vertical coordinate system used in COSMO and not, as in standard FLEXPART, in a terrain-following z system. This eliminates the need for an additional interpolation step. A new flux de-accumulation scheme was introduced that removes the need for additional preprocessing of the input files. In addition to the existing Emanuel-based convection parameterization, a convection parameterization based on the Tiedtke scheme, which is identical to the one implemented in COSMO itself, was introduced. A possibility for offline nesting of a FLEXPART–COSMO run into a FLEXPART–ECMWF run for backward simulations was developed that only requires minor modifications of the FLEXPART–ECMWF version and allows particles to leave the limited COSMO domain. The OpenMP shared memory parallelization to the model allows for asynchronous reading of input data. The code is available on request from dominik.brunner@empa.ch and stephan.henne@empa.ch.
C4 FLEXPART–AROME
The Applications of Research to Operations at Mesoscale (AROME) numerical weather prediction model is run operationally by Météo-France at the mesoscale. AROME forecasts for Europe exist at a resolution ranging from 0.5 to 2.5 km. The standard time resolution of the AROME meteorological data is 1 h. Based on FLEXPART–WRF, a coupling between FLEXPART and AROME was developed at Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones (LACy, a joint institute between CNRS, Météo-France and the University of Reunion Island) using AROME high-resolution (2.5×2.5 km2) forecasts over the southwest Indian Ocean. The FLEXPART–AROME branch (Verreyken et al., 2019b) simulates turbulent transport using the Thomson turbulent scheme (Thomson, 1987) already implemented by Lin et al. (2003) in the Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport (STILT) model. This method constrains mass transport between different turbulent regions to conserve mass locally for a passive well-mixed tracer. Turbulent kinetic energy profiles are taken directly from AROME model outputs. Such treatment of turbulent motion ensures consistency between the turbulence in the meteorological fields calculated by the NWP model and turbulence computed in the offline Lagrangian transport model. It has been noticed that the use of a dedicated ABL scheme such as Hanna in the FLEXPART model may generate inconsistency between the ABL turbulent domain and the resolved wind fields used to drive FLEXPART. Simulations using the Thomson scheme show a better representation of the turbulent mixing between boundary layer air and free tropospheric air.
C5 TRACZILLA
This branch-off from FLEXPART version 5 was originally developed for studies of transport and mixing in the upper troposphere–lower stratosphere region (e.g., Legras et al., 2003; Pisso and Legras, 2008). The modifications from the FLEXPART advection scheme consist mainly of discarding the intermediate terrain-following coordinate system and performing a direct vertical interpolation of winds, linear in log pressure, from hybrid levels. The vertical velocities are computed by the FLEXPART preprocessor using a mass-conserving scheme in the hybrid ECMWF coordinates. Alternatively, the vertical velocities can be computed from the rates of diabatic heating from ECMWF winds. In addition to the reanalyses from the ECMWF, the current version can use MERRA (Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications) from NASA and JRA-55 (the Japanese 55-year Reanalysis) from the Japanese Meteorological Agency (JMA). The parallelization uses the OMP version of PGI. All arrays are allocated dynamically. The code can be obtained from https://github.com/bernard-legras/traczilla (last access: 30 October 2019).
Author contributions.
IP coordinated the contributions to the paper and the code development since version 9, including I/O, updates to turbulent mixing, the implementation of the tests and the distributed version control. ES developed and wrote the description of the parallelized version of FLEXPART and led the assembling of the new code developments into the main model version 10.4. HG developed and tested the new wet deposition scheme for aerosols. NIK contributed to the new wet deposition scheme for aerosols by testing the new model version and coordinated the contributions to the first version of the paper. MC developed the optional new turbulence scheme and the NorESM version and contributed to the WRF version. SE developed and wrote the description of the backward deposition, performed the benchmark test case together with IP, and worked on ECMWF data retrieval and testing. DA and DM contributed to the CTBTO developments including the unified executable, the Vtables approach and testing environment. RLT developed the temporal variation and temperature dependence of the OH reaction. CDGZ developed the dust mobilization scheme around FLEXPART and performed testing of the new model version. NE tested the new model version for black carbon and radionuclide applications. HS implemented the namelist input file format and contributed to the implementation of the NetCDF output and GRIB input routines. LH developed versions 2.0–7.02 of the flex_extract retrieval software, in particular the codes for calculating the hybrid coordinate vertical velocity. He also supervised the most recent developments and wrote the description together with AP. SH and DB contributed to the implementation of the NetCDF output module. JB coordinated the development up to FLEXPART version 8.3 and contributed to post-processing the Python module. AF developed the new Phyton-based ECMWF data retrieval software. JB led the development of the WRF and AROME versions and contributed to the turbulence scheme. AP developed, maintained and wrote the description of the flex_extract retrieval routines and contributed to the testing environment. PS devised the community website http://flexpart.eu, takes care of tickets and the wiki, contributed to various parts of the code development, and contributed to editing the paper. AS developed the first version of the code in 1998 and supervised all recent developments, including the new settling parameterization for aerosols and time-averaged particle output, and worked on the writing and structuring of the paper.
Competing interests.
Acknowledgements.
The work was performed at the Nordic Center of Excellence eSTICC. Pirmin Kaufmann and Martin Schraner (MeteoSwiss) are acknowledged for code reformatting from fixed Fortran 77 to free Fortran 90 format. We thank Mariëlle Mulder for comments on an early version of this paper. The resources for the numerical simulations were provided by UNINETT Sigma2 (the National Infrastructure for High Performance Computing and Data Storage in Norway) under projects NN9419K and NS9419K. Input wind fields were provided by the ECMWF.
Financial support.
This research has been supported by NordForsk (the Nordic Center of Excellence eSTICC, grant no. 57001), the European Research Council (project COMTESSA, grant no. 670462), and the CTBTO (Enhancements of the FLEXPART software on a call-off basis).
Review statement.
This paper was edited by Slimane Bekki and reviewed by two anonymous referees.
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Stohl, A., Klimont, Z., Eckhardt, S., Kupiainen, K., Shevchenko, V. P., Kopeikin, V. M., and Novigatsky, A. N.: Black carbon in the Arctic: the underestimated role of gas flaring and residential combustion emissions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 8833–8855, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-8833-2013, 2013.
Stull, R. B.: An Introduction to Boundary Layer Meteorology, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1988. a
Sutherland, W.: The viscosity of gases and molecular force, Philos. Mag., 36, 507–531, 1893. a
Tateishi, R., Hoan, N. T., Kobayashi, T., Alsaaideh, B., Tana, G., and Phong, D. X.: Production of Global Land Cover Data-GLCNMO2008, J. Geogr. Geol., 6, 99–122, https://doi.org/10.5539/jgg.v6n3p99, 2014. a
Tegen, I. and Fung, I.: Modeling of mineral dust in the atmosphere: Sources, transport, and optical thickness, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 22897–22914, https://doi.org/10.1029/94JD01928, 1994. a
Thompson, R. L. and Stohl, A.: FLEXINVERT: an atmospheric Bayesian inversion framework for determining surface fluxes of trace species using an optimized grid, Geosci. Model Dev., 7, 2223–2242, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-2223-2014, 2014. a, b, c
Thompson, R. L., Stohl, A., Zhou, L. X., Dlugokencky, E., Fukuyama, Y., Tohjima, Y., Kim, S.-Y., Lee, H., Nisbet, E. G., Fisher, R. E., Lowry, D., Zhao, G., Weiss, R. F., Prinn, R. G., O'Doherty, S., Fraser, P., and White, J. W. C.: Methane emissions in East Asia for 2000–2011 estimated using an atmospheric Bayesian inversion, J. Geophys. Res., 120, 4352–4369, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JD022394, 2015. a
Thompson, R. L., Sasakawa, M., Machida, T., Aalto, T., Worthy, D., Lavric, J. V., Lund Myhre, C., and Stohl, A.: Methane fluxes in the high northern latitudes for 2005–2013 estimated using a Bayesian atmospheric inversion, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 3553–3572, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-3553-2017, 2017. a, b
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Verreyken, B., Brioude, J., and Evan, S.: Development of turbulent scheme in the FLEXPART-AROME v1.2.1 Lagrangian particle dispersion model, Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2019-89, in review, 2019b. a
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Owned by the University of Oslo and Uninett/Sigma2, operated by the Department for Research Computing at USIT, the University of Oslo IT department; https://www.uio.no/english/services/it/research/hpc/abel/ (last access: 30 October 2019).
The jasper package is available in Linux distributions; https://github.com/mdadams/jasper (last access: 30 October 2019).
The website, https://flexpart.eu/ (last access: 30 October 2019), provides additional information that can be used to supplement these instructions.
The Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART
We present the latest release of the Lagrangian transport model FLEXPART, which simulates the transport, diffusion, dry and wet deposition, radioactive decay, and 1st-order chemical reactions of atmospheric tracers. The model has been recently updated both technically and in the representation of physicochemical processes. We describe the changes, document the most recent input and output files, provide working examples, and introduce testing capabilities.
We present the latest release of the Lagrangian transport model FLEXPART, which simulates the...
An interactive open-access journal of the European Geosciences Union
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Series and Stories
Raising a Steer
Florida County Fairs
Hoops Wrecking Crew
Gridiron 2018
Treasured Legacy
Polished Grounds
2014 Contests
I never know what to expect during contest season. I always spend too much time agonizing over which photos to enter. While waiting for the results, I convince myself that everything I shot the previous year was awful.
I would be humbled to come away with nothing more then knowing that my images were in competition with some of the best in the business. This year, I had a better showing than I could have imagined.
The first results to come in were from the Illinois Press Photographers Association contest. This is a unique contest. It is a level playing field. There aren’t different divisions based on the size of the paper. Everyone is in the same pool.
My underwater Gridiron photos received third place in the Sports Picture Story category. One of the frames from the Gridiron project also took third place for Portrait and Personality.
Hononegah tight end and defensive end Tristyn Berg, 17, Saturday, Aug. 16, 2014, at Harlem High School in Machesney Park. MAX GERSH/RRSTAR.COM ©2014
The next results in were from the Illinois Associated Press Media Editors contest. The Rockford Register Star competes in the category with the largest papers in the state.
I received first place in General News for my photo of a student crying while coloring on the first day of kindergarten.
Nevaeh Johnson, 5, cries while coloring after her parents left the classroom Monday, Aug. 25, 2014, on her first day of kindergarten at Conklin Elementary School in Rockford. MAX GERSH/RRSTAR ©2014
That image was also named the winner of the Photo Sweepstakes in the largest division. The sweepstakes takes all of the first place individual category winners names one as the sweepstakes winner.
I was also awarded first place for my Feature Photo of the Air National Guard practicing before Airfest.
Lt. Col. John Klatt pilots an Air National Guard Extra 300L aerobatic aircraft inverted Thursday, June 5, 2014, in Rockford. MAX GERSH/RRSTAR.COM ©2014
The latest results in are from the Illinois Press Association contest. We are in the second largest division in this contest.
I took first place for Personality Portrait for an image of a man on Blackhawk Island in Rockford.
Ray Clark, 61, talks about why he likes living on Blackhawk Island on Wednesday, July 2, 2014, on the front porch of his home in Rockford. MAX GERSH/RRSTAR.COM ©2014
I received third place honors for my Illustration for a story on underwater mortgages.
Rockford had the second-highest percentage of underwater mortgages in the United States at the end of 2013, according to Lender Processing Services. An underwater mortgage is where the homeowner owes more to the bank than what the home is currently worth. PHOTO ILLUSTRATION MAX GERSH/RRSTAR.COM ©2014
The Gridiron photos received and Honorable Mention in the Picture Series category. The Air National Guard image also received an Honorable Mention in the Feature Photo category.
We’re still waiting for the Best of GateHouse results.
*************UPDATE July 1, 2015*************
The Best of GateHouse results are in. I am humbled and honored to be named the Division A (large markets) GateHouse Photographer of the year.
I was able to enter a portfolio with three entries. One was the photo of the student crying on the first day of kindergarten. Another was the picture of the Air National Guard pilot. Third was my underwater Gridiron photos (a series counts as one entry. The judges included commentary on the Gridiron images.
I am honored to be named the Division A GateHouse Photographer of the Year.
To those that helped make these images possible, thank you. Brent, Tim, I couldn’t have done the Gridiron photos without you guys. Saul (the fish), you really made that photo. Sorry I gave you away the same day I bought you.
Reporters and editors at the Rockford Register Star were also recognized for their powerful work. The entire staff was recognized in categories such as general excellence.
I’d like to congratulate my coworkers and other media colleagues that were recognized for their stellar work.
Palace Shoe Repair
Photographing a funnel cloud
Awards / Photo 10:25 pm , June 12, 2015 0
air national guard apme associated press media editors blackhawk island conklin contest extra 300L feature first fish general news gridiron hononegah honorable mention illinois illinois press association illinois press photographers association illustration ipa ippa john klatt kindergarten navaeh johnson personality portrait ray clark school third tristyn berg underwater mortgage
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By now, it’s no secret that America’s salt addiction can be linked to high blood pressure, or hypertension. But eating habits are hard to break, and despite the health risks of a high-sodium diet, the average American still consumes over 3,400 milligrams of sodium a day, according to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. That’s a hefty load above the recommended 2,300 milligrams a day recommended by the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. People with high blood pressure, heart problems, or certain other health issues may be advised to consume even less.
“When you have too much sodium in the body, it pulls more water into the blood vessels,” says Frances Largeman-Roth, RDN, a nutritionist and cookbook author in New York City. “That strains the blood vessels over time. Think of a hose that’s getting too full with water.”
To keep your sodium intake in a healthy range, avoid these sneaky high-sodium foods and take a look at what’s going on your stove at night. Here are five sodium-slashing tips for a healthier heart, according to Largeman-Roth.
Cook with citrus. Incorporating the juice and zest of lemons, limes, oranges, and grapefruit in your recipes can add fresh, vibrant flavor to foods so you can be less reliant on the salt shaker. “I add citrus zest to everything from pasta dishes to salads to baked goods,” says Largeman-Roth. “You just need a microplane grater to just take that little bit [of zest] off.” (Try it out with this roasted lemon-poppy salmon.)
Flavor with fresh herbs. If you’ve only been cooking with dried herbs, you’re in for a treat when you begin to dabble with fresh basil, parsley, cilantro, chives, and more. “These all add a lot of brightness and can make something that only has a little bit of salt taste more flavorful,” says Largeman-Roth. Learn the best seasonings to use for any dish here.
Rinse canned beans. It’s admirable to soak and cook your own beans, but there’s no denying that canned beans are a major timesaver. Good news: These convenient cans can have a safe and healthy place in your diet, offering the same fiber and protein as non-canned beans, according to the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. The one kicker can be the added sodium used to increase shelf life, but you can fix this by buying a reduced-sodium can (see #4) and rinsing your beans before using them.
Look at labels for sauce and condiments. Condiments like soy sauce, BBQ sauce, and hot sauce can be a sneaky source of sodium. Many companies have started offering reduced-sodium options, but these items still contain a great deal of salt. Continue to read labels and count these numbers toward your daily sodium intake. One tip from Largeman-Roth: Aim for about 500 milligrams of sodium per meal, which is the equivalent to about ¼ teaspoon of table salt.
Eat more fresh food. The DASH diet recommends seven to 12 fruits and vegetables a day, focusing on fresh produce in a variety of colors. Eating fresh foods can cut down on your intake of processed foods, which is where Americans consume 75 percent of their sodium, according to the American Heart Association.
For more tips for a healthier heart, here are ways to lower blood pressure naturally.
This video features information from Frances Largeman-Roth, RDN. Frances Largeman-Roth is a nutritionist and cookbook author in New York City.
Duration: 2:06. Last Updated On: March 20, 2018, 4:09 p.m.
Reviewed by: Preeti Parikh, MD . Review date: March 14, 2018
00:02 When you have too much sodium in the body,
00:03 it pulls more water into the blood vessels.
00:06 That strains the blood vessels over time.
00:08 Think about a hose that's getting too full with water.
00:11 And also, this puts a strain on the heart over time.
00:19 There are a lot of things you can do in your home cooking,
00:21 things that I do at home to reduce the amount of sodium
00:24 that I add to food.
00:25 So one thing is citrus.
00:26 Not only the citrus juice
00:28 which provides a lot of brightness,
00:30 but also the citrus zest which is just the colorful part
00:33 of the outside of a lemon, or the outside of a lime,
00:36 or an orange.
00:37 I add citrus zest to everything from pasta dishes
00:41 to salads to baked goods.
00:42 And you just need a microplane grader to just take
00:44 that little bit off.
00:45 It adds a ton of flavor.
00:47 And than also another great way to add a pop of flavor
00:50 without any sodium is with fresh herbs.
00:53 So things like basil and cilantro, parsley.
00:55 These all add a lot of brightness and can make something
00:59 that only has a little bit of salt taste
01:01 a lot more flavorful.
01:03 While sodium is in so many different foods,
01:04 there are certain places where it lurks more than others.
01:07 So canned foods, items like canned beans.
01:10 It doesn't mean that you can't use them
01:12 but rinse them first.
01:13 And that's gonna help remove about 45% of the sodium
01:16 in canned beans.
01:17 Also sauces and condiments tend to be loaded with sodium.
01:22 So, companies are working towards lowering the sodium
01:25 in packaged foods.
01:27 It's a great thing but we still have to look at
01:28 the nutrition facts label.
01:30 We still have to put the responsibility on ourselves
01:32 to pay attention to how much sodium is in our food.
01:35 The sodium guidelines are that we should be consuming
01:38 no more than 2300 milligrams a day.
01:41 So the way that I like to think about that is
01:43 if you're having three meals,
01:45 no more than about 500 milligrams at each meal.
01:48 And then the rest of that would be taken up with snacks.
01:50 Salt is added to everything to make it taste good
01:53 but if you're focusing on fresh foods and getting more
01:56 fresh foods in your diet,
01:57 you're gonna go a long way towards cutting out sodium.
Are canned foods nutritious for my family? Chicago, IL: Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2018. (Accessed on March 20, 2018 at https://www.eatright.org/food/vitamins-and-supplements/nutrient-rich-foods/are-canned-foods-nutritious-for-my-family.)
Combating high blood pressure. Chicago, IL: Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2016. (Accessed on March 20, 2018 at https://www.eatright.org/health/wellness/heart-and-cardiovascular-health/combating-high-blood-pressure.)
DASH diet: reducing hypertension through diet and lifestyle. Chicago, IL: Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2015. (Accessed on March 20, 2018 at https://www.eatright.org/health/wellness/heart-and-cardiovascular-health/dash-diet-reducing-hypertension-through-diet-and-lifestyle.)
Shaking the salt habit to lower high blood pressure. Dallas, TX: American Heart Association, 2017. (Accessed on March 20, 2018 at http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/HighBloodPressure/PreventionTreatmentofHighBloodPressure/Shaking-the-Salt-Habit_UCM_303241_Article.jsp#.WrD-_-jwYdU.)
The facts on sodium and high blood pressure. Chicago, IL: Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2015. (Accessed on March 20, 2018 at https://www.eatright.org/health/wellness/heart-and-cardiovascular-health/the-facts-on-sodium-and-high-blood-pressure.)
Use the nutrition facts label to reduce your intake of sodium in your diet. Washington, DC: U.S. Food & Drug Administration, 2018. (Accessed on March 20, 2018 at https://www.fda.gov/Food/ResourcesForYou/Consumers/ucm315393.htm.)
5 Pungent Reasons to Add Garlic to Everything You Eat
You’ll be vampire-proof after learning these garlic perks.
5 Clear Signs Your Stomach Pain Is a Kidney Stone
Some say kidney stones are more painful than childbirth.
These 5 Mind-Blowing Clitoris Facts Just Might Make You Climax
Time to get “cliterate.”
8 Textbook Signs of Endometriosis
This painful health problem is a leading cause of infertility in the U.S.
Can Chicken Soup Really Treat a Cold?
True or false: You can slurp away the sniffles.
Coping with Gestational Diabetes: Mood-Boosting Tips
A standard pregnancy brings enough stress as it is.
If You Have Insomnia, Here Are 6 Ways to Fall Back Asleep at 3 A.M.
Put. Down. The. iPhone.
Counting Carbs? Try These 5 Low-Carb Snacks that Don’t Suck
Each snack has below 15 grams of carbs.
Purple Reign! Why You Need These Ultra Violet Foods in Your Diet
This pretty purple produce is packed with antioxidant power.
Meet the Top 10 Food Sources of Vitamin A
One popular food contains 561% of your recommended daily value (!!!).
“Text Neck” Is Ruining Your Posture, and Here’s How to Fix It
Update your Facebook status, without the neck pain.
What Your Poop Shape Says About Your Health
A clue to what your #2 says about you.
These 5 Naturally Gluten-Free Snacks Are Totally Good for You
These GF snacks are way healthier than pretzels.
Superfood Spring Veggies to Start Eating Now
Better hurry, these spring veggies are at their peak.
If Antidepressants Are Ruining Your Sex Drive, Here Are 5 Tips that May Help
This advice can help spark your libido again.
5 Simple Plant-Based Snacks that Vegans Will Love
Wanna eat more plants? These vegan snacks will do the trick.
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You are here: Home / Archives for Rex Jackson death
Rex Jackson
21 April, 2013 By Ian
Mr Rex Frederick JACKSON (7 Oct 1928 – 31 December 2011)
by Ian Piggott – 21 April 2013 – originally appeared on http://helensburgh.wordpress.com/2009/11/23/otford-tunnel-closed/ – 02 January 2012
Rex Jackson, one of Australia’s most controversial politicians, has died on the New South Wales south coast at the age of 83 .
More news sources can be found:
Illawarra Mercury
The following is Copyright © State of New South Wales (NSW Parliament).
Place of Birth: Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
Parliamentary Service
Member of the NSW Legislative Assembly 9 Jul 1955 13 Aug 1986 31yr(s) 1mth(s) 5day(s)
Member for Bulli 9 Jul 1955 6 Feb 1956 6mth(s) 29day(s)
37th (1953 – 1956)
Member for Bulli 3 Mar 1956 16 Feb 1959 2yr(s) 11mth(s) 14day(s)
Member for Bulli 21 Mar 1959 5 Feb 1962 2yr(s) 10mth(s) 16day(s)
Member for Bulli 3 Mar 1962 31 Mar 1965 3yr(s) 29day(s)
Member for Bulli 1 May 1965 23 Jan 1968 2yr(s) 8mth(s) 23day(s)
41st (1965 – 1968)
Member for Bulli 24 Feb 1968 13 Jan 1971 2yr(s) 10mth(s) 21day(s)
42nd (1968 – 1971)
Member for Heathcote 13 Feb 1971 19 Oct 1973 2yr(s) 8mth(s) 7day(s)
43rd (1971 – 1973)
Member for Heathcote 17 Nov 1973 2 Apr 1976 2yr(s) 4mth(s) 17day(s)
Member for Heathcote 1 May 1976 12 Sep 1978 2yr(s) 4mth(s) 12day(s)
Member for Heathcote 7 Oct 1978 28 Aug 1981 2yr(s) 10mth(s) 22day(s)
Member for Heathcote 19 Sep 1981 5 Mar 1984 2yr(s) 5mth(s) 16day(s)
Member for Heathcote 24 Mar 1984 13 Aug 1986 2yr(s) 4mth(s) 21day(s)
Minister for Youth and Community Services 14 May 1976 19 Oct 1978 2yr(s) 5mth(s) 6day(s)
Minister for Youth and Community Services 19 Oct 1978 29 Feb 1980 1yr(s) 4mth(s) 11day(s)
Minister for Youth and Community Services 29 Feb 1980 2 Oct 1981 1yr(s) 7mth(s) 4day(s)
Acting Minister for Health 31 May 1980 26 Jun 1980 27day(s)
Minister for Corrective Services 2 Oct 1981 1 Feb 1983 1yr(s) 4mth(s)
Minister for Corrective Services and Minister for Roads 1 Feb 1983 27 Oct 1983 8mth(s) 27day(s)
Political Party Activity
Australian Labor Party (ALP). Foundation member of Helensburgh branch, delegate to Bulli state electorate council, secretary of parliamentary party. Resigned in August 1986.
Commissioned as a Justice of the Peace
Qualifications, occupations and interests
Railway employee. Educated at Harefield Public School and Junee and Sutherland High Schools; clerk from 1953 was an assistant general manager at Marchants and Company, printers; member of Federated Clerks’ Union; trustee and president of the Bulli Pass Scenic Reserves; chairman of Royal National Park Advisory park committee; delegate to Commonwealth Parliamentary Association Conference in Trinidad in 1969; fire patrol officer, secretary of Waterfall Bushfire Brigade. Former professional boxer.
Eldest son of Patrick Penasus Jackson, railway fettler, and his wife Olive Griffith. Married Irene Sneyd on 5 November 1959 at Helensburgh, and had no issue. Church of England. In 1983 there were allegations that Jackson had accepted payments in return for granting early release to certain prisoners; in October of that year Jackson resigned from the Ministry for misleading Parliament over these allegations of corruption. A special commission of inquiry was set up which reported in July 1984 that Jackson be charged and he was subsequently convicted and imprisoned.
Images/Photos, and Article © Ian Piggott 2013 – all rights reserved,
Resources and Acknowledgments
http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/
http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/parlment/members.nsf/1fb6ebed995667c2ca256ea100825164/d8b96adfa502acffca256e390018f358
Filed Under: History Tagged With: Bald Hill, controversial politicians, Heathcote, Helensburgh, Jails Minister, Labor Party, Minister for Corrective Services, Minister for Youth and Community Services, Mr Whippy, new south wales australia, NSW Labor MP, NSW legislative assembly, Rex Jackson, Rex Jackson dead, Rex Jackson death, Rex Jackson died, Stanwell Park, Stanwell Tops, state of new south wales
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Right on Track: Come and see our new interactive centre this month
Didcot Railway Centre: come and see our new interactive centre
Ann Middleton, commercial manager of Didcot Railway Centre
Didcot Railway Centre will be celebrating the opening of our permanent new interactive visitor attraction – The Signalling Centre – on June 23 and 24.
The Signalling Centre tells the story of signalling from the days of Brunel, gives the hands-on opportunity to ring the bells and operate the block instruments for passing a train to an adjacent signal box as well as pulling levers and watching the semaphore signals respond – then discover what the latest signalling technology looked like in 1935!
Visitors will next be able to see how much the signalman’s job had changed by the 1960s by having a go at running the trains on Swindon Panel.
Ironically, Swindon panel itself is now connected to computers which simulate its original relay interlocking and of course the railway and trains which it used to control.
For this weekend only there is a special exhibition in the carriage shed and special access has been arranged to some of Didcot’s treasures that are not normally accessible to the public, including Frome Mineral Junction Signal Cabin and Radstock North Signal box and to see what the life of the railway signalman was like in the 1870s and 1930s respectively.
There will be guided tours of the signalling system on our branch line, incorporating some features unique to Brunel’s broad gauge railway.
There will be a range of stands from railway signalling technology companies (such as Network Rail and Siemens), signalling preservation organisations (from Romsey, St Albans and East Anglia Railway Museum) and also leading educational establishments with an interest in railway signalling.
Between them, these exhibitors will be showing a range of technology from the traditional to the modern; there are also two model railways aiming to encourage young people to take an interest in careers involving STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Maths).
For the serious signalling enthusiast there will be the opportunity to purchase specialist books from the Signalling Record Society amongst others and also a ‘swap meet’ of Signalling Notices which are issued to drivers to inform them when significant alterations to the signalling on the network are undertaken.
For the railway modeller, Absolute Aspects will be showing off some of their magnificent model signals and members of SIMSIG will be showing what a challenge it can be to signal trains to the timetable when not everything is going as smoothly as might be hoped!
All the new homes being built in Wantage and Grove
A short Christmas wish list from your local campaigners...
The downsides of recycling (yes, really – it's not all good)
WAG & Pen: How wide is a parking space supposed to be?
Right on Track: Canvassing for Thomas at Didcot Street Fair
Eat less meat, plant trees and demand better government
WAG & Pen: Ways to recycle you may not yet have thought about...
We live in a great place – and we need to preserve it
'Fracking ban is only temporary – the debate rumbles on'
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Updates as Stansted flight declares an emergency over Hertfordshire and Essex
It declared an emergency shortly after take off
Huw Wales
A flight that left Stansted has declared an emergency and has been circling over Hertfordshire and Essex in preparation for an emergency landing.
The Aurigny GR627 declared a 'general emergency' after taking off from Stansted Airport at approximately 3.45pm.
Flight trackers show that it circled above Royston before making its way back to Stansted Airport.
We'll be bringing you the very latest updates, pictures and video on this breaking news story.
For the latest news and breaking news visit http://www.hertfordshiremercury.co.uk/news
Get all the big headlines, pictures, analysis, opinion and video on the stories that matter to you.
Follow us on Twitter @HertsMercury and @HertsEssexObs for real news in real time.
You can also follow all our update at facebook.com/HertsandEObserver and facebook.com/hertfordshirenews - your must-see news, features, videos and pictures throughout the day from the Hertfordshire Mercury.
The airline and the airport have confirmed the cause of the emergency
The GR627 flight left Stansted Airport earlier this afternoon
It was scheduled to fly from London Stansted and arrive at Guernsey just over an hour later.
What is a Squawk 7700?
A Squawk 7700 means that the crew have decided that there is an urgent or distress situation. It means that the air traffic controllers in the area know that there is a situation and that the aircraft has an emergency situation.
A flight that took off from Stansted Airport has declared an emergency
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You are here: Home>Archives>Christchurch Times Index
Christchurch Times Index
Geoffery Bush
The Christchurch History Society has microfilm copies of The Christchurch Times from 1861 to 1918 and from 1925 to 1983 which is the majority of the duration of its publication. The paper was not published from 1918 to 1925. Limited microfilm copies of The Christchurch Times from 2nd January 1858 to 29th December 1860 are also available.
A full list of surnames has been transcribed to create a list the surnames of people in Christchurch and the surrounding villages that have been mentioned in the The Christchurch Times. The list is held as a database of over 153,200 names for the years 1855 to 1938 on the 166 page file below.
If you wish to locate a person, then use the Christchurch Times Names Index, which comprises a list of surnames alphabetically in the first column and the various decades from 1850s (from 1855) to 1930s (up to 1938) in the remaining columns.
The best process to follows is :-
Scroll down the list to find the surname that you are looking for. Please note that the surname may have several different spellings and in some instances is double barrelled.
For the chosen surname look across the columns to find the appropriate decade to establish how many entries in The Christchurch Times there were in that decade.
As appropriate narrow down the possible decades.
Make a note of the surname and the decade(s) in which you have interest.
Establish any known additional information such as :- (a) Christian Name; (b) Reason for the Article in The Christchurch Times; (c) Approximation of likely date; (d) Place.
If you wish for more information on any article from The Christchurch Times then download the Request for Research Form and complete and post the form with a donation as suggested to The Research Co-Ordinator, Christchurch History Society, The Porch Room, Priory House, Christchurch, Dorset, BH23 1BX and then our volunteer researchers will find out what they can and reply to you.
Christchurch History Society Archives
Research and Family History Enquiries
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Famous Horses
Horse Farms
Track Locator
Yutaka Take
Yutaka Take was born on the 15th of March 1969 in Kyoto, Japan but now resides in Ritto, Shiga. Take is a Japanese jockey and has won numerous championships back home, winning the Japan Cup in 1999 on Special Week. His riding career started when he was eighteen years old at the Hanshin Race Course where he won his first race on Dyna Biship. In the United Kingdom he has successfully won the July Cup with Agnes World in 2000 and a year later the Falmouth Stakes with Proudwings.
Yutaka Take is the son of Kunihiko Take, commonly referred to as “a master” or “the Magician on Turf” who was a jockey but is now a trainer. Koshiro Take, his youngest brother also competes as a jockey. In 1987 Take was one of the first rookies to ride sixty-nine winners in only one season and the following year he became the youngest jockey to win 100 times as well as winning the GI race at Kikkasho. In 1995 he became the first Japanese jockey to compete in the Kentucky Derby on Ski Captain, finishing 14th.
Then in 2005 he rode Deep Impact, the second undefeated horse to win the Japanese Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing. Since then he has recently moved to Southern California circuit from Japan and is currently competing at Hollywood Park with the goal of riding in the U.S for a year or two. In addition to Japan and the U.S., Yataka Take has also ridden in countries like Dubai, Australia, France, New Zealand, Hong Kong, Germany and England.
Since 1989 all the way to 1999, Yutaka Take has been the leading rider in Japan more then ten times. He also became the youngest Japanese jockey to win 1,000 times in two years, as well as receiving the Grand Prize Jockey Award given to Japanese riders who represent their country in three categories, by the number of earnings, winning percentage and wins. He again broke another record when he became the first Japanese jockey to win an overseas graded stakes, more specifically the grade III Seneca Stakes on El Senor at Saratoga in 1991.
Horse Racing Jockeys
Angel Cordero Jr
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Fernando Jara
Gary Stevens
Glen Boss
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Kieren Fallon
Laffit Pincay
Lanfranco "Frankie" Dettori
Lester Piggott
Lucien Laurin
Michael Kinane
Pat Day
Pat Eddery
Ron Turcotte
Russell Avery Baze
Sir Gordon Richards
Stephane Pasquier
Steve Cauthen
Victor Espinoza
William Shoemaker
HorseRacing.com Information:
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Recycling - Company & Industry News
Norwood Metals take delivery of their first Atlas 350MH Material Handler.
Sheffield based Norwood Metals has recently changed its allegiance from one material handler manufacturer by taking delivery of their first new Atlas machine for their yard on the outskirts of Killamarsh.
The company process in excess of 12,000 tonnes of metals per year at their base and for almost two decades of trading have used material handling equipment from the likes of Hymac and Poclain before settling on Liebherr machines. With the requirement for a replacement front-line material handler beckoning, Managing Director Jamie Hull looked at a variety of leading manufacturers before agreeing to purchase a new 350MH from nearby Atlas dealer for the UK, TDL. “We keep our cranes on front-line duties for up to 10 years and wanted a reliable, productive and economical loader.” Jamie explains “The specification of the Atlas along with testimonials from other users and a very comprehensive package put forward by TDL Equipment gave us the confidence in changing brands.”
The 36-tonne machine has replaced a similar sized Liebherr handler and has impressed the operations team at Norwood significantly since its arrival earlier in 2019. Regular operator Pete Jacques has been operating a variety of plant and machinery for over four decades and reckons the Atlas is by far the smoothest machine he has operated for a number of years. Powered by a tried and trusted Deutz 6-cylinder, 245hp diesel engine the Atlas machine is a dedicated material handler from the ground up. The 5m long heavy-duty chassis is fitted with heavy-duty axles fitted, each rated at 56 tonnes and is fitted with a pair of hydraulic stabilisers at each end to ensure the machine remains stable even under full load cross-carriage. The large diameter slew ring supports the upper structure complete with its hydraulically elevating cabin which lifts the driver’s eye-line from almost 3m up to 5.5m. The well-appointed cabin is laid out with easy to read instrumentation and clear and simple switchgear, all within easy reach of the operator. A fully adjustable suspension seat allows the operator to set up the position precisely to their own requirements. The operator is well protected from potential harm thanks to bullet proof glazing and a substantial ROPS and FOPS guard. Operator acceptance of the Atlas is high across the industry thanks to the well laid out cab and its large glazed areas providing an excellent view from the seat. Pressurised to stop the ingress of dust and with a heating and cooling system designed to give the operator a pleasant working environment at any time of year.
Front end equipment on the 350MH comprises of a 10.6m straight boom with a 7.75m stick and is completed with a sturdy and industry respected Atlas five-tine grab with a 1.5m3 capacity. The day-to-day operations carried out at the yard require the Atlas to undertake the majority of stacking and sorting operations. A number of smaller material handlers undertake the sorting of incoming material whilst the bulk of the work falls under the remit of the Atlas including the loading of bulk tippers when time comes to remove the material to an end processor.
Availability is a key factor in Norwood’s purchasing decisions and testimonials from existing Atlas customers vouched for the longevity and reliability that comes from the Deutz engined material handler. The 6.1 litre engine sits low inside the upper structure allowing the operator a relatively unimpeded view across the rear of the machine. Large gullwing canopies open up on either side of the body to allow unrestricted access to the cooling pack on one side and the hydraulic system on the other. A key feature on the loader is a reversing fan on the cooling pack. Automatically engaged, the fan clears the radiator cores at regular intervals resulting in lower dust and debris build up which would eventually decrease the machine’s performance.
The machine’s performance from day one has impressed the team at Norwood. “It’s proving to be a reliable and productive machine.” Jamie comments “We believe we have made the best purchase for our company with the Atlas.”
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We Love How This Couple Redecorated Using Reclaimed Materials
By Laura Lambert Updated April 12, 2018
Photos by Stephen Paul
Who: Alexys Oliver and Sam Stefanski
Where: Omaha Heights, California
Style: Eclectic
To those unfamiliar with the neighborhoods of north eastern Los Angeles, Omaha Heights might sound practically midwestern. Adjacent to El Sereno, one of the oldest communities in Los Angeles, Omaha Heights is nestled up in the hills above Huntington Drive, midway between downtown and South Pasadena. It was there, in 2003, that Alexys Oliver and Sam Stefanski, two midwestern transplants themselves, with what Oliver calls "a thirst for the West," found an acre of hillside, and a 929-square-foot, two-bedroom home to call their own.
"The neighborhood was a little sketchy in the beginning," says Oliver, who, along with Stefanski, are the creatives behind the production design and prop styling company Concrete Stem. "It felt far from things we were used to." And while the house itself was not beautiful, Oliver's first thought when she saw the property was, "Where do I sign?"
"I knew it needed a ton of work. But ... it had potential." And a blank slate is exactly what these two creatives work with best.
credit: Stephen Paul
In the ensuing years, the dropped popcorn ceilings, carpeted floors, drywalled fireplace, and inefficient windows were replaced by an ever-evolving tableau that reflected the couple's finely honed taste and travels. Touches throughout the home reflect their collective sensibility — eclectic textures, tons of plants, and rich mosaics of reclaimed and re-imagined materials.
It has been a work in progress.
"For eight years we only had an outdoor shower," she says. "We loved it. It was romantic and raw but after I got pregnant, I needed to feel pampered after working 10 plus hours on shoots."
Oliver and Stefanski now live in the home with their 4-year-old son, Harlow, two dogs, a cat, and some fish.
"The fun for us, is knowing that just like our relationship, careers, [and] ourselves, our home, too, is a work in progress," says Oliver.
Oliver explains that it's hard to define a specific style for the home. "We make it up as we grow and travel," she says. "We try to bring our experiences and desires into each space."
The bedroom was the first renovation that Oliver and Stefanski did where they could take their time designing the space.
"We sleep here as a family," says Oliver. "It feels safe and comfortable and each piece has a story."
According to Oliver, "The bathtub just sort of hangs out there."
The couple installed the steam shower when Oliver was pregnant.
"We are inspired by places we travel, artists' homes, architects," Oliver shares. "We love so many different styles but we know that things get boring for us pretty quickly when we stick to one thing."
"Once we brought plants into our home, we felt cozy," notes Oliver. "We want them to take over."
"Sam crafted our closet floor out of 1x3s from wall flats. He took them apart and cut them all down with his father, Lenny," Oliver tells us.
Oliver and Stefanski use a lot of salvaged lumber and reclaimed windows and doors throughout the home. "We are also fortunate that we are able to recycle and reuse lumber from sets we build," she says.
The outdoors are equally eclectic.
"We usually need to stew in a room a bit to understand its purpose," says Oliver.
Laura Lambert
Laura Lambert is a Los Angeles-based writer and editor who covers lifestyle, design, and women's health.
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Pizza Party: The Carver Chronicles, Book Six
A new title in a chapter book series featuring African American and Latino boys that's full of kid-friendly charm and universal appeal.
Third-grader Richard and his friends are just four days away from setting a record for excellent behavior and earning a classroom pizza party when disaster strikes—their beloved teacher is out sick, and the strictest, meanest substitute has taken her place! Will their dreams of pizza be dashed when the sub suspects that some of them have been cheating?
This gently humorous installment in a chapter-book series about a diverse group of elementary schoolers by Coretta Scott King honoree Karen English offers spot-on storytelling, relatable characters and situations, and plenty of action.
Stupid Is Not a Bad Word
The children of Room Ten (except Ralph Buyer, who’s absent again) at Carver Elementary School are standing in line, ramrod straight, heads forward, mouths closed. They are waiting for their teacher to pick them up from the yard. It’s Monday, and it’s their sixteenth day of excellent lineup behavior. Four more days of perfect morning lineup behavior and they get to have a pizza party. Their teacher, Ms. Shelby-Ortiz, has promised them. And she always keeps her promises.
So they wait, arms at their sides, mouths empty of chewing gum, lips pressed together against conversation spilling out. Well, Richard can see Calvin Vickers rolling his shoulders every once in a while—which he can completely understand, because suddenly he’s feeling a teensy bit antsy too.
Richard wishes he could run in place—just a little. It’s hard to hold this very still posture. He sneaks a look at the main building’s closed double doors. The doors Ms. Shelby-Ortiz usually comes through when she picks them up from the yard. Most of the teachers have already picked up their classes and are walking back in that direction at the front of their lines. But nearly all of those lines are loose lines, Richard notes.
Not straight. Not quiet. Not everyone keeping their hands to their sides. He sees Montel Mitchell yank the hem of Brianna’s jacket. She turns around and yells something at him, and their teacher just keeps walking them toward the main building like she doesn’t even notice.
Richard lets out a tiny laugh. He’s pleased that Room Ten’s line has outshined all other lines for the past sixteen days. He’s pleased that he’s done his share. The slight smile on his face freezes when he suddenly hears hissing behind him. It’s Yolanda.
“What are you doing?” she whispers.
“Nothing,” he whispers back.
“You’re not standing perfectly straight and I can hear you laughing about something.”
He straightens up. “I am too standing perfectly straight.”
This catches Miss Goody-Goody Antonia’s attention and she says to him in a voice slightly louder than a whisper, “You’re not supposed to be talking. Will you two please just shut up!”
Now Carlos, in front of her, jumps in. “Ooh, you said a bad word!” He turns practically all the way around to make his point face-to-face.
“I did not say a bad word,” Antonia counters in her normal voice. “It’s only a bad word at school. Nobody outside of school thinks shut up is a bad word.”
Deja joins in, but she keeps her head forward and her voice low. “We are at school. So shut up is a bad word.”
“And stupid,” Nikki adds. “Don’t forget about stupid.”
“Not in the regular world,” Antonia replies. Then she lets go with a long, long sigh, closing her eyes and leaning her head back a bit, as if exercising extreme patience with her classmates.
“It’s not stupid by itself that’s a bad word. Calling someone stupid is what makes stupid a bad word,” Nikki says.
Carlos looks toward the main building’s closed doors and then says in a loud voice, “Would you all just be quiet! We’re going to lose the pizza party!”
That stuns everyone into silence. They adjust their postures and look straight ahead, returning to their perfect lineup behavior. Then, way across the yard, they see the main doors open. It’s not Ms. Shelby-Ortiz, Richard is surprised to see. It’s Mr. Blaggart, the sub they’d had when Ms. Shelby-Ortiz broke her ankle.
He was mean. It had seemed like he was their punishment for driving away their first sub, Mr. Willow—who was way nicer.
Richard remembers some of their bad behavior. It had been Carlos’s idea to skip around while he was reading out loud. And Ayanna was the one who decided to read in a voice so low no one could hear her. He’s not sure whose idea it was for a bunch of kids to have a coughing fit during silent reading, but it was definitely Rosario who’d told everyone to sit wherever they wanted. And to keep switching names so poor Mr. Willow could never learn them.
The last straw—after the class’s coughing fit—had come after lunch. Another teacher must have told Mr. Willow about the “Kick Me!” Post-it Carlos had stuck on the back of his sportcoat when he went up to ask him a question about the Social Studies assignment.
Poor Mr. Willow. He finished out the day, but he did not come back. That’s when Richard felt extra guilty. Mr. Willow didn’t deserve to be treated like that.
The next day, they’d had Mr. Blaggart. Former drill sergeant, current mean, mean, super-mean substitute teacher. Richard sighs. He wants to say something to Gavin, who’s three people ahead of him in line, but knows he’d better not.
You can hear a pin drop as the class enters Room Ten. There’s a list of their names on the whiteboard with a series of tally marks next to each. Richard looks at Gavin. Gavin shrugs. “I think we have to not get any of those tally marks erased. You have to keep as many as possible,” he whispers.
Richard thinks about this. “He didn’t do that last time.”
Those who have permission to bring their backpacks to their desks to hook onto the backs of their chairs head to their tables. Those who Ms. Shelby-Ortiz has decided can’t be trusted to have their backpacks within reach place them in their cubbies. Then they find their seats. Richard has to—temporarily—leave his backpack in his cubby. The week before, Ms. Shelby-Ortiz caught him with a toy in his desk.
“Wonder where Ms. Shelby is?” Carlos whispers to Richard before he heads to his desk with his backpack. Not fair, Richard thinks. The toy was Carlos’s. He’d let Richard “see” it right before line-up, and Richard hadn’t had a chance to give it back.
“Yeah. Where is she?” Richard mumbles to himself. He looks around. And where is Khufu? He doesn’t even know yet that Room Ten has a sub. And not just any sub.
Suddenly the shrill blast of a whistle interrupts the hushed silence. Everyone freezes in place. Richard and Carlos exchange looks.
“This getting into your seats and taking out your journals and getting started writing is taking too long.” Mr. Blaggart looks around the room, then walks over to the board. “Obviously this class does not remember my rules. Let’s go o...
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Live Feed TV Reviews Bastard Machine
October 19, 2016 7:00pm PT by Daniel Fienberg
Tribal Shakeup Hits 'Survivor: Millennials vs. Gen X' in "Idol Search Party"
Monty Brinton/CBS
'Survivor: Millennials vs. Gen X'
Will Millennial and Generation X distinctions matter once the tribes are Vanua, Ikabula and Takali?
[Warning: This recap contains spoilers for the Wednesday, Oct. 19, episode of Survivor: Millennials vs. Gen X, titled "Idol Search Party."]
Farewell at least to the formalized theme of Survivor: Arbitrary Generational Distinctions and hello to regular, old-fashioned Survivor, where players don't align based on being Millennials or Gen-Xers, but rather they come together based on age, prettiness (see also, "age"), worth ethic (see also, "age") and shared interests (see also, "age").
In short, welcome to the new status quo, basically same as the old status quo, especially if generalization-spewing Millennial Jay has anything to say about it. Either Jay's never met a generational stereotype he didn't want to embrace and articulate, or else Jay's a super-genius who figured out immediately that the best way to get screentime in this season was to begin every confessional sentence with, "Millennials are like..." or "Gen-Xers think that..."
As was teased at the end of last week's episode, the Millennials and Gen-Xers are no more and with that, I lose the handy ability to describe teams without misspelling tribal names or getting confused by who's in which tribe.
After a random draw, our two tribes were split into three, with the resulting squads being:
Takali: Figgy, Adam, Taylor, Jessica and Ken. Yes, this tribe got the powerful FigTayls showmance, but staying together could be either the best or worst thing to happen to these lovebirds, especially with Figgy withholding intimacies, at least for one day, so that they can remain ineffectively secretive. This tribe also has Ken Doll and Jessica, who forged an alliance at the start of this episode with Jessica thanking Ken for saving her even though Ken had literally nothing to do with saving her and actually wrote her name down. Maybe Jessica also thanked David, but we didn't see it and only Ken got to find out about Jessica's legacy advantage. It took no time for Adam to realize that even though this tribe has a Millennial advantage, he's the swing vote and since I've decided I like Adam, that's amusing.
Ikabula: Michaela, Bret, Jay, Hannah, Will and Sunday - This tribe got stuck on a new beach with no infrastructure, but they got an extra player, which doesn't feel like any sort of advantage at all when you have a tribe of collectively middling strength and an 4-2 Millennial advantage. Unlike the other two tribes, there are no real established duos here, though there are a couple loose alliances.
Vanua: CeCe, David, Michelle, Chris, Zeke - This would be the only tribe with a Gen X advantage if David hadn't been part of two straight votes that blindsided Chris and turned him into a floater. David and CeCe had been allies, but they're also the two weakest players in the game, physically. It takes a lot of Chris to make up for CeCe and David.
In the first immunity challenge, there turned out to be insufficient Chris, as David proved so bumblingly inept that his fellow castaways suggested, only partially in jest, that he might be throwing the competition. That led to a pretty one-sided loss and sent Vanua to tribal. [Jay and Michaela's swimming and Michaela's basketball skills led Ikabula to victory and Ken carried Takali to second.]
Last week, David partially and potentially blew his immunity idol protecting Jessica, who surely wouldn't have done anything to protect him, showed no gratitude that we saw and then promptly was shuffled off to a different tribe as part of the realignment. Unfazed, David promptly went out and found a second idol, which is impressive and put him in the position to make a second straight idol error this week, but he did not, which doesn't mean that what happened at tribal was well-played.
If you believe that early tribal alliances are important, Chris made a big blunder this week. Millennials reached the shuffle with a numbers advantage, but the only new tribe with a Gen X advantage lost, meaning they definitely could have and probably should have voted somebody young out. Chris' smartest play, by my calculation, would have been to reassure fellow Oklahoman Zeke that he was protecting him, while also getting a sense of whether or not Michelle had valuable alliances with the other Millennials. With the right kindnesses, Zeke would surely have given up that Michelle was an important part of the pretty people alliance that protected Figgy earlier when Figgy should have been doomed. Is Michelle a better physical player than David or CeCe and therefore a better asset to Vanua for as long as we keep these tribes? Absolutely, but thinking long-term, getting her out of the game weakens a potential Millennial juggernaut down the road, gives him strong footing with Zeke (and probably Adam) at the next stage and reassures CeCe and David for a while that Gen X solidarity means something.
Instead, Chris willingly jumped ship and gave the Millennials an advantage that will be tough both when it comes to post-merge voting, but also the composition of the jury. Even if Figgy, Jay, Taylor and Michelle don't win this season, they're going to play a big role in who takes the million if somebody doesn't chip off a piece or two from that group before a merge.
Chris stuck with David and led the charge to get CeCe out because in guilt-tripping David into being loyal and also giving the impression he was protecting him, Chris has a connection to Ken and Jessica later, should he need it. David could have played the new idol for CeCe and Michelle would have gone home, but then Chris never would have trusted him again. Basically, I think Chris, working as the swing vote, made neither his best nor his worst move in what was a decent episode.
Some bottom lines from Wednesday's Survivor...
Bottom Line, I. If you're not rooting for Michaela, at least for now, don't talk to me. She wears her emotions on her sleeve — See both her inability to hide her disappointment at her weak tribal situation, but also her tears after successfully starting fire. She's smart, funny and one of this season's two or three best go-to confessional interviews. The fire-making proved she's survival capable and her ongoing performance in challenges has been beyond outstanding. She was manipulated a bit easily by Michelle to prematurely abandon an alliance that should have voted Figgy out, but that's her only demerit thus far.
Bottom Line, II. You did not see the Chris-Zeke friendship coming. Don't lie. You thought Zeke was a Brooklyn hipster and you've been slightly confused by Chris' mixture of blue collar athleticism and his trial lawyer profession. It turns out that Zeke grew up partially in Oklahoma and was a big fan of the Oklahoma Sooners football program, while Chris was a captain of the 2000 Sooners football team that went undefeated and won the national title. It's hard to imagine that Zeke has any memories of Chris' pigskin contributions — he was a tight end and special teams player — but his giddy enthusiasm definitely made clear that he was a fan of that team. Odd couple alliances are always my favorites and I hope Chris and Zeke find a way to work together going forward. Ditto, actually, with Ken and Adam, who aren't quite the odd couple that Chris and Zeke are, but they're still unexpected, like that iguana and that sloth who are best friends. [Don't bother googling for fun videos. I'm just projecting.]
Bottom Line, III. "On the Millennial side of things, everyone says we're just dreamers, but the truth is most of us are relentless," Jay said. "I have the drive to get through tough times in life and not to quit," Bret said, claiming this was an attribute of being Gen X. So basically we're all the same and need never discuss this again, right?
Bottom Line, IV. The three-way split made for drama, but it also limits the amount of time we're likely to spend this way. I figure we have one more week (elimination) in this configuration, two max. And the Millennials now have a 9-6 advantage. If Vanua had gotten rid of Michelle this week, they'd have been weak enough to probably lose the following week as well, setting up an easy merge at 7-7. So much for Gen X pride.
Bottom Line, V. Following on something I said last week about rooting for the Gen-Xers, but preferring more individual Millennials, I feel like mentioning that as much as I hate this season's theme, there are no individual players who I hate, even silly FigTayls.
Bottom Line, VI. Hannah and Will have basically vanished. One more week and I'm sending out a search party.
And that's it for another week of arbitrary generational distinctions!
Daniel Fienberg
daniel.fienberg@thr.com @TheFienPrint
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Sunshine and clouds mixed. High 31F. Winds N at 5 to 10 mph..
Hailing from Newport, the Z-Boys describe themselves as a “power trio playing surf rock, soul and funk for your listening and dancing pleasure.” The band will perform Saturday in Wakefield at Pump House Music Works.
The Z-Boys are coming to shred the Pump House
By Rob Duguay Special to The Independent
Referring to Newport power trio The Z-Boys as dynamic doesn’t do them justice. Guitarist and sometimes vocalist Greg Burgess exhibits these extraordinary surf jazz progressions while resonating vibrant riffs. Amato Zinno on bass and Ziggy Coffey on drums combine to become a formidable sonic arsenal with their fast paced rhythms. This has made the band a legit musical force in New England and if you haven’t seen them yet then you should. The next chance is when they take the stage at Pump House Music Works in Wakefield Saturday with Portland, Maine rock & roll duo Muddy Ruckus.
Coffey and I had a chat ahead of the show about influences, playing in other bands outside of The Z-Boys and a new album that’ll be out soon.
Rob Duguay: Who do you consider the biggest influence on your drumming and why?
Ziggy Coffey: Mostly, it’s people I actually know. My father is also a drummer and is still one of my biggest influences to this day. He started giving me drum lessons at a young age and his father was a drummer too. One of my best friends, who is also a drummer, has also been one of my biggest influences too. We grew up together and used to set up double drum kits in our parents basements.
My friends and family really do inspire as some of my biggest fuel for playing but as far as drummers I listen to that I don’t know what I’d say. It’s definitely a mix between John Bonham and Tony Williams.
RD: Along with The Z-Boys, you also play drums in the Newport metal acts Balam and Sweet Heat. Going from that kind of music to a surfy, jazzy sound, what are the major things you have to do differently while performing with Amato and Greg?
ZC: Well, we play a lot of styles and I’ve really learned how to play in quieter situations. We’ve had so many different kinds of gigs from huge rooms to small rooms, so it’s really given me the ability to adjust to whatever room we’re playing. We get extremely loud and extremely quiet depending on the song and room and our moods.
RD: What would you say has to be the craziest gig you’ve played with The Z-Boys so far?
ZC: It’s hard to really pick one. One really memorable time was a Halloween party in the Olneyville section of Providence a couple years back with The Quahogs and a bunch of other bands, it really was a wild night. Also, playing an almost sold out show at Lupo’s Heartbreak Hotel was pretty cool.
RD: Recently you guys raised enough money via a Kickstarter for your debut full-length album Elwood. What are your opinions when it comes to online fundraising?
ZC: I’m thankful we got funded and I’m thankful for all the support we got. It really makes me happy that people wanted to support us enough to fund our record. I think it’s a good tool for doing something and it’s cool as using as a place to do pre-orders and stuff like that. It did get a little tiring posting about it all the time but I had a good time making some funny videos with Amato to make it interesting.
RD: Speaking of Elwood, what should people expect from the album when it comes out next year?
ZC: It’s a really great record. Expect 10 full blazing awesome songs and most of them with vocals which is a lot different than our last release. Ray Gennari at Rocktorium Records in Kingston did a great job recording it and I’m really stoked about it. This record covers a lot of different styles but it captures us well and there are some really awesome songs on there.
Rob Duguay is a Rhode Island-based music writer. Send him email at rob.c.duguay@gmail.com.
The View From Swamptown: Remembering two NK icons and the house that linked them
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April 4, 2015 1 min read
Photos: Indy Final Four Concerts & Fan Fest
Darryl Smith
Tags concerts, Final Four, Imagine Dragons, Indianapolis, Indy, music, The Lawn at White River State Park, Weezer, White River State Park
Smith is a freelance photojournalist attending Indiana University in Bloomington for a Bachelor of Arts degree in journalism.
Lou Harry Reviews Hamilton
“Hamilton isn’t just a musical, it’s a phenomenon that is even more miraculous because of its improbability.”
Ask Me Anything: Michael Bricker, TV & Film Production Designer
Michael Bricker’s set designs are the stuff dreams (and Emmy Awards) are made of.
Quick Q&A With Lauren Molina Of The Skivvies
“We’ve been told that after the first five or 10 minutes, they actually forget we’re in our underwear, because they’re so focused on the music and the comedy.”
Ryan Niemiller Gets The Last Laugh
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Travelxp launches in Romania's via Telekom Romania
The travel channel is shown on DTH and IPTV platforms in the European country
MUMBAI: Expanding its footprint in Europe, Travelxp has launched its operations in Romania from 1 January 2020. The channel will be shown on DTH and IPTV platforms of Telekom Romania, which is an integrated telecommunications company.
As viewers in Romania enjoying global travel programmes from the comfort of their homes, Travelxp is becoming 100 per cent localised with subtitles in Romanian and keeping its commitment to connect with audiences in their own language.
Travelxp managing director - Europe Sumant Bahl said: “The year 2019 has been an excellent year for the channel, and 2020 begins with a crucial partnership with Telekom Romania. We are excited to showcase 100% original travel documentary programming to the viewers of Romania, and to have the experience and explore the world on their television screens.”
Meanwhile, Telekom Romania chief commercial officer, residential segment Andreas Elsner said: “By including Travel XP in our TV grids, we are providing our customers with exciting programmes, which will broaden their perspective on travel and will give them the opportunity to learn new things about different cultures and countries. Our partnership with Travel XP is valuable through the variety and quality of the broadcast content which we are certain that our customers will enjoy watching.”
Travelxp is already localised in nine European languages and distributed in over 18 countries across Europe.
Travelxp is an initiative of Celebrities Management Private Limited, India, and Media Worldwide Limited, UK with interests in broadcast, advertising, media consulting and other related services.
TravelxpTelekom RomaniaRomaniaSumant BahlAndreas Elsner
Former head of marketing: Network18 Digital, Sangeetha Aiyer, has been appointed as the head of marketing, NBCUniversal India. She will be responsible for the marketing, digital and promotional strategy of Universal Pictures theatrical products in India.
Massification being the end objective, Sony Pictures Networks (SPN) is planning to go big in promoting the prominent sporting events that will take place this year. Moreover, the broadcaster also revealed the new on-ground campaign initiatives to promote the first grand slam of the year to Indian...
Animal Planet’s unveils new series ‘The Lion Kingdom’
MUMBAI: Animal Planet has been dedicated to bringing to the fore incredible stories from the animal kingdom. Taking yet another step in this direction, starting 27 January, at 9 PM, the channel is all set to premiere an incredible 10-part series ‘The Lion Kingdom’ which will take viewers at the...
Television TV Channels English Entertainment
Colors to premiere 'Naati Pinky Ki Lambi Love Story' on 27 Jan
MUMBAI: Colors will bring heart-warming love story Naati Pinky Ki Lambi Love Story from 27 January. The show will trace the journey of Pinky who is short but feisty, a fighter but also a dreamer, perceived as flawed but hope to find her true love. Produced by Bodhi Tree Multimedia, Co-powered by...
In Memoriam: Arnab Chaudhuri
While there was an immediate sense of shock and sadness throughout the industry, soon people from across the world started sharing their condolences while reminiscing the good times that they have spent working or collaborating with the Arjun director and how he inspired so many of them.
Television TV Shows Animation
CNBC-TV18 unveils pre-budget programming line-up
MUMBAI: CNBC-TV18, India’s leading English business news channel, unveils a special programming line-up for the upcoming Union Budget 2020. Revolving around the theme of ‘Going for Growth’, the channel seeks to capture the financial and political fervor of the Union Budget 2020 through its incisive...
Television TV Channels News Broadcasting
Sudipto Nandy to head product- General News of News18.com
News18, one of India's leading television broadcast networks, has seen a meteoric rise across languages in users and revenue over the last 12 months. To further drive efficiencies across News18 digital properties and to help foster a leadership position across all languages, Sudopto Nandy has now...
Kiski Dilli with News Nation
MUMBAI: 2020 has just begun and the political temperature has already soared over the fever-pitched battle of the Delhi Assembly Elections. All eyes are on who will rule the heart of India. Delhi will vote for the 70-seat State Assembly on February 8. The winner in this war will be known only on...
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Smart Home: Most Germans willing to pay significantly more for data security; security label helpful for purchasing decision
Jun 27, 2019 | Market News
Munich, Germany – 27 June 2019 – Summertime is the season for traveling, making it the peak season for burglars. As a result, more and more consumers are keeping a remote eye on their home via camera and smartphone app. However, smart home or smart living solutions, whether it’s electric shutters, connected smoke alarms or lighting control, are often unprotected against cyber attacks. Attackers can spy out houses and residents via the Internet, steal bank details or even open digital door locks.
According to a representative survey* carried out by GfK for Infineon Technologies AG (FSE: IFX / OTCQX: IFNNY), German consumers are aware of these security risks. Most of the respondents from all age and income groups are willing to pay significantly more for devices which are protected against attacks and data theft: For 35.4 percent of the respondents the limit is up to an additional 10 percent; a further 20.9 percent would pay up to 19 percent more, and 8.4 percent would even accept a surcharge of 20 to 25 percent.
More than 60 percent of the respondents also think that a label that provides information about the security level of the product would be helpful when deciding which product to buy. The security labels for connected devices could be presented in a transparent and comprehensible way, similar to the EU energy efficiency label for the fridge or washing machine.
“Securing a smart home is rather complicated, yet this is exactly where consumers are left to fend for themselves,” says Thomas Rosteck, head of the security division at Infineon. “As already with PCs, the security level of connected electronics could be increased considerably through the use of firewalls, data encryption or an individual password. Simple measures already help to protect users’ privacy, create trust in new applications and offer manufacturers an advantage to set them apart in the competitive smart home market.”
Restraint in home appliances and home monitoring
According to the survey, connected consumer electronics like smart TVs, game consoles or tablets are especially widespread despite the security risk being rated as relatively high. 68 percent of German households own at least one device in this category and have connected it to the Internet. Smart speakers can already be found in 23.8 percent of the households.
By contrast, the respondents are more restrained when it comes to solutions for home monitoring and security, energy management, home appliances and lighting control. The security risk here is rated in all age groups as especially high and existing devices are far less frequently online. This is noticeable particularly with home appliances such as fridges, washing machines or robovacs. A total of 52.9 percent of the respondents say they own an Internet-ready device, but only 17 percent have connected it to the Internet.
Consumers are also paying more attention to the security risks of these smart devices when purchasing them: 47 percent of the respondents have already examined the security features of solutions for home monitoring and security in great detail or would do so on a future purchase – compared to 22.8 percent for entertainment solutions.
Cybersecurity requires binding stipulations and certification
There are still no binding stipulations for smart home appliance manufacturers when it comes to data security. The European Union is, however, determined to raise the security level in the European Single Market. The EU Cybersecurity Act will come into force on June 27, 2019. It introduces EU-wide rules for the cybersecurity certification of products, processes and services. The measures also concern consumer electronics that bear the CE label.
*1,000 people aged 14 or over in Germany were questioned in January 2019 for the representative online survey by GfK.
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INFDSS201906-085
Thomas Rosteck, Division President Digital Security Solutions (DSS), Infineon Technologies
Thomas-Rosteck
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Support > Tech Notes > The Kruskal-Wallis (KW) Test
The Kruskal-Wallis (KW) Test
The Kruskal-Wallis (KW) test is a non-parametric test used to compare three or more independent groups of data. It is used to test the null hypothesis that all populations have identical distribution functions against the alternative hypothesis that at least two of the samples differ. Specifically, InfinityQS SPC uses KW to test for differences in the variability among multiple groups of data. That is, the KW test is only performed on data contained in the charts that track variability (moving-range, range and sigma charts).
Unlike the parametric independent group ANOVA (one way ANOVA), this non-parametric test makes no assumptions about the distribution of the data. This, like many non-parametric tests, uses the ranks of the data rather than their raw values to calculate the statistic. Since this test does not make a distributional assumption, it is not as powerful as the ANOVA.
The test statistic for the Kruskal-Wallis test is H. This value is compared to a table of critical values (X2 table). If H exceeds the critical value for H at some significance level (InfinityQS uses 0.01) it means that there is evidence to believe that at least one data group's level of variability is significantly different than the others.
k = number of independent groups
N = total number of values across all groups
n = total number of values within the specific group
j = group number
R = sum of the ranks from the jth group
KW Calculation Example
Let's say that we have a dataset with the following range values:
Next, we rank each value from 1 to 20:
Summing the ranked values:
Substituting into the formula:
Looking up 2.76 on the Chi-Square table d.f. = k-1 = 4-1 = 3
In this case, the p value is > 0.01, therefore, InfinityQS will display an (Accept). Meaning, one cannot detect a difference between the machine's variability. InfinityQS will display the actual p value.
For further information contact GetInTouch@infinityqs.com
Toll Free: 1.800.772.7978
Quality Management Focus Yields Dramatic Savings for a Large-Form Manufacturer
Uncover Cost Savings by Examining In-Spec SPC Data
Using Quality Data to Weigh Process Improvement Options
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Cathy Bond and Alfred Anderson
Susan Camp easement near Colbert protects family land.
When Cathy Bond Anderson and Alfred Anderson bought their land in 1991, Colbert was a rural community. But as more and more people are moving into the area, they saw nearby farms and forests being cut up into residential developments. "We saw the inability of county government to protect open space," said Alfred. "So we decided to do it ourselves."
In 2007 the Andersons conserved their 76 acres of forest land and meadows just above Little Deep Creek near Colbert, Washington by donating a conservation easement to Inland Northwest Land Trust. The easement keeps the entire property intact and prevents subdivision and development. The conservation easement permanently preserves the land as open space, healthy forest, and wildlife habitat. INLT will monitor the land through annual visits to ensure that its conservation values are protected in perpetuity.
The Andersons chose to name the easement after Cathy's great grandmother, Susan Camp, who had purchased the first 40 acres in 1915 from the Bernhill family, for whom Bernhill Road is named. Her family bought the remaining land in the 1950s and Cathy and Alfred bought it in 1991. "My great grandmother was the business woman of the family," says Cathy. "I wanted to honor her."
We have a special opportunity to visit the property on Sunday, June 7 to see the Mountain Lady's Slipper orchids. Click here for information on the orchid tour.
Deer, elk, and moose visit the property. "Cathy's grandfather set aside one of the spring seeps specifically as the 'animal spring'," says Alfred. The easement preserves the land for the animals. There's no habitat unless the forest and water supply are protected." The Andersons are creating more wildlife habitat by converting the alfalfa fields to perennial native grasses.
The Andersons are members of the Washington Farm Forestry Association. "We are managing the forest for some sustainable logging, but primarily it is for habitat," says Alfred. "The forest is the crowning glory of the property."
Public benefits of the easement include preserving open space, water quality and scenic viewshed. The land, which lies within the Little Spokane River watershed, contains springs and a seasonal stream. By reducing development and controlling forestry activities, the easement prevents soil erosion and water contamination. Located in the rolling hills leading up to Mt. Spokane, the easement preserves the scenic beauty of the forests and meadows. "The views from the Susan Camp property are superb. The forested foothills climb the flanks of Mount Spokane," says INLT Executive Director Chris DeForest. "Looking west, the land rolls down to Little Deep Creek and the whole Little Spokane River valley. This easement protects beautiful scenery for the enjoyment of countless people who live in or travel through Colbert."
Cathy and Alfred have lived on the property since 1991. They continue to own and manage the land, including paying property taxes and harvesting timber. Alfred operates a home business designing and building fine furniture in his woodshop on the property.
The Andersons now have the peace of mind that their land is protected forever with a conservation easement. "My family loves it," says Cathy.
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Reed Kessler announces the sale of her top horse Cylana
Reed Kessler wrote on her facebook page on the sale of Cylana with which she achieved brilliant results:
"It's with tears in my eyes that I announce Cylana will be moving on to the next chapter of her career. Cylana has been the horse of a lifetime for me. She made me into the rider I am today for which I am forever grateful. It is a very bittersweet moment for me, no doubt the hardest decision of my life. Cylana is and forever will be a part of me. But I am happy that she can go on to do the same for Cloe Hymowitz. I had no intention of selling Cylana, but I have been friends with Brianne Goutal, Cloe’s trainer for my entire life and I would not have considered selling Cylana to anyone else. I know in her program Cylana will be treated with the ultimate respect and that she will be as loved and cared for as she was in my stable. I'm so thankful that the Hymowitz family adamantly agreed for Cylana to return to me to retire after her sporting career with Cloe. It's not goodbye, just see you in a little while. Thank you for the best moments of my life Cylana, and we will keep your big clover field ready for you when it's time".
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iLounge > News > iPod
iPhone + iPad Gems: ArtRage, Bit Pilot, Fish Odyssey + Toca Hair Salon
Thursday, June 16, 2011 3:18 PM UTC
Welcome to this week’s edition of iPad + iPhone Gems! Today, we’re looking at four titles, one so new that it’s coming to the App Store next week, while the other three are already available. They’re a mix of apps, light games, and edutainment, each quite nice for what it’s supposed to be; two stand out as particularly ambitious.
Our top picks of the week are ArtRage and Toca Hair Salon. Read on for all the details.
Having previously tested the significantly more expensive Mac application ArtRage Studio Pro, the biggest surprises in Ambient Design’s iPad painting app ArtRage ($7, version 1.1.6) are how much of the look and feel of the OS X version remain intact on Apple’s tablet—and how much the experience improves simply by adding a touchscreen interface. Using a straight-line left-of-screen toolbar rather than the bottom corner arc found on the Mac app, ArtRage provides access to oil, watercolor, airbrush, palette knife, paint roller, paint tube, inking pen, pencil, marker, chalk, crayon, eraser, and flood fill tools, many of which sound self-evident but actually work better than their common names would suggest.
Ambient Design lets strokes trail off and in some cases tracks pressure, impacts on canvas texture, and surface wetness, resulting in digital art that actually looks more like physical art. Paint can be given your choice of varying degrees of metallic luster, and most of the tools can be tapped to change their size and other characteristics, resulting in the appearance of 3-D depth, moisture, and mixed materials. Multi-touch gestures provide zoom, panning, brush size, and undo-redo shortcuts; buttons let you load images to include within your art, or serve as reference points for painting. Individual layers can be maintained at varying levels of opacity, blended together in different ways, and then merged down.
Apart from restrictions imposed by the iPad hardware—such as its inability to actually treat a paintbrush accessory such as the Nomadbrush differently from a finger—the app’s limitations appear to be mostly in Ambient Design’s ambition. Advanced tools from ArtRage Studio and ArtRage Studio Pro would be welcome here, but there’s not even an in-app purchasing scheme to support their addition. Yet. We suspect that Ambient Design will continue to build on this impressive painting program, and that every addition will only make it better. At its temporary $3 asking price, it’s a steal; at the regular $7 price, it’s still worthy of our high recommendation. iLounge Rating: A-.
Bit Pilot
Equal parts Tilt to Live and Asteroids, Zach Gage’s Bit Pilot ($1, version 2.0) is a simple but fun retro game with universal support for the iPod touch, iPhone, and iPad. You control a tiny spaceship that flies inside a box, dodging asteroids and avoiding laser bombs that occasionally zip from one side of the screen to the other before exploding into expanding lines of light. Intuitive one- or two-finger gestures make the ship move in any direction—more quickly with two fingers than one—and guide it towards moving pill-shaped point and health bonuses, the latter represented as additional layers of a polygonal shield. You have only one ship, and accumulate more points by surviving wave after wave of additional asteroids and light bombs; shields deplete with each hit you suffer from a rock, and you die instantly if you touch the final pulse of light emitted horizontally by the laser bomb.
While the underlying concept of Bit Pilot is even simpler than Asteroids—there’s no shooting to worry about, just steering—the Tilt to Live-like challenge of avoiding an increasingly crowding collection of obstacles inside the box is entertaining, and three game modes switch up the challenges: the basic game described above has multiple difficulty levels, Tunnels starts you with tons of big rocks that require precision dodging, and Supermassive shrinks your view of the ship and introduces lots of tiny rocks to steer around. Apart from the Retina Display support, the bitmapped and light vector graphics are deliberately primitive; similarly, the chiptune music has post-8-bit energy with restricted NES-style instruments, following in the retro theme. For the asking price, and given the game’s nice unlockable audio and difficulty settings, we like what’s here; it doesn’t have quite the style or depth of Tilt to Live, but it’s a nice throwback game with atypically responsive touch controls. iLounge Rating: B.
Fish Odyssey
Planned for release next week, Fish Odyssey ($1, version 1.0) by Napoleon Games is the sort of inexpensive but cute little casual kids’ game that Apple’s devices are becoming famous for. You’re presented with five lanes of water that are viewed from a side-scrolling perspective, initially with one whale or dolphin in a lane, then multiple swimming animals at once. The goal is to tap each whale or dolphin right before it gets stuck in a barrier in the lane; if three animals hit the barriers, that’s the end of the game. You can save an animal from a wave with a swipe if you’re quick enough, and tap more than once for a double- or triple-jump, too. Though that’s all there is to do, kids will like this title and find it to be entertaining, scaling upwards in difficulty as more lanes fill at a time, and additional jumps are required from multiple dolphins and whales in sequence.
Fish Odyssey is a textbook example of a good $1 game that does exactly what it’s supposed to accomplish for that low asking price. There’s a relaxing song playing in the background along with nautical bird and dolphin noises, plus splashes as the animals jump the barriers; the cartoony graphics and animation aren’t mind-blowing but do the trick, and the action provides a challenge without requiring complex controls. It’s solid and fun, though as light on depth as the surface jumps the whales and dolphins perform over and over again. Universal iPod, iPhone, and iPad support, including Retina Display optimization for newer iPhones and iPod touches, adds to its appeal. iLounge Rating: B.
Toca Hair Salon
If there’s any overachiever in this group, it’s Toca Boca/Bonnier Digital Services’ new Toca Hair Salon ($2, version 1.0). Universally compatible with iPads, iPhones, and iPod touches, Toca Hair Salon lets kids cut, color, and style the hair of four different characters—a brown-haired girl, a lion, a bear, and a red-headed boy. While the concept might sound boring to an adult, the experience is one that would have been all but impossible with physical toys three or thirty years ago, and ideally suited to touchscreen devices. Moreover, the execution here is very close to superb, using impressively fluid and detailed animations to realistically render blowdrying, trimming, and growing of hair, as well as color-spraying, razoring, and combing effects. Using extremely straightforward bottom-of-screen tools, a child can trim the lion’s mane down to look like a business professional, or punk out the girl’s hair with a multi-colored mohawk.
Once you’ve had a chance to play with Toca Boca’s tools, the only things you’ll wish for are greater depth, more of them and more characters to use them on; for instance, the razor only trims rather than leaving a totally smooth surface, the hair growing tool can’t be used to create mustaches, and there are so many other types of animals and faces that would be fun to groom with the interface. But what’s here is great: charming sound effects for the characters, slight perspective shifts in the background as you tilt the devices, and the opportunity to save your images for later amusement. In its current form, Toca Hair Salon is a great way for young children to have fun—assuming that they don’t have siblings who might lose their hair to newly-trained barbers. iLounge Rating: A-.
Thousands of additional iPhone, iPod, and iPad app and game reviews are available here.
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iLounge > News > Apple TV
Apple TV adds Shomi, CraveTV channels in Canada
Tuesday, May 5, 2015 10:44 AM UTC
In addition to the CBS Sports and USA Now channels added to the Apple TV in the U.S., Canadian users are getting a nice bonus with the addition of Bell’s CraveTV and Rogers and Shaw’s Shomi streaming TV services. Similar to Hulu in the U.S., CraveTV and Shomi are designed to provide domestic alternatives to Netflix, albeit with a stronger focus on television content than movies. CraveTV is available to existing Bell subscribers for an additional $4/month while Shomi charges $9/month for non-Rogers and Shaw subscribers while including the service for free in most cable TV and Internet packages. Apple TV is one of the first third-party set-top boxes to get support for either of the new services; CraveTV was previously only available on Bell’s own Fibe receivers, while Shomi has up until now been limited to Rogers/Shaw cable boxes and the Xbox. Both services also continue to provide web-based playback and iOS apps for portable device playback.
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Cradle to Cradle Marketplace
Human Centred Design
InnovateUK
3D Print-UK
adjacent possibility
brain plasticity
Central Research Laboratory
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Factory Fridays
Google 20%
innovation training
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problem framing
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solar steam
sports training aid
stakeholder map
steam pump
steampunk design
visual thinking
The Future of Technology Past
Image: superbwallpapers.com
At the Imagination Factory we love learning about new technology and how it can be implemented into products that make a difference to people's lives. We enjoy the challenges of understanding how things work, how they'll be used in context and creating novelty for our clients so that they can benefit from their intellectual property.
But recently we've been looking back as much as to the future. What if some of the best solutions to the problems people are facing were solved tens or even hundreds of years ago? Not only does it make for some fascinating research but it also makes commercial sense because technology that has already benefitted its original inventor for the period of the patent is now available and open for re-use.
extract from a patent relating to a steam pump
A new project we have just kicked off requires harnessing solar power to drive a steam pump in order to provide irrigation in the developing world. It's part of an InnovateUK funded programme in collaboration with the Department for International Development.
During the process of applying for this funding we spent many hours considering what technology would be most appropriate to meet the challenging cost target and the rigours of the sub-Saharan environment that the design is intended for.
As it turns out we travelled back to the dawn of steam where, in1698, simplicity ruled over efficiency. In doing so we found the perfect pump for our needs but as you can imagine nobody makes these anymore. So we are designing something around the principles that make this pump so ideal for our application and will be making a test rig soon.
This has plunged us into a world of steam powered machines that we already have some experience in but are rapidly realising is a rich source for additional inspiration.
It's not surprising that the Steampunk science-fiction sub-culture has become so popular. There's rich imagination in the combination of Victorian engineering and harnessing untapped or renewable energy sources.
Amongst other activities it seemed like a good excuse to watch Mad Max:Fury Road, winner of 6 Academy Awards. We were struck by the prospect of a dystopian future where people are held in oppression through the scarcity of water and fuel. The film-makers obviously had many hours of fun creating the various vehicles, weapons and other technology used by the various characters. But it struck us as slightly odd that the future imagined in the film still relies on fossil fuels for power. Especially when it is based in a desert environment where there is an abundance of energy from the sun. We hope that this depiction of the future proves to be wrong and that designers, industrialists and financiers continue to work together to harness the abundance of resources around us in a way that leaves a healthy planet for future generations.
It's time designers helped to rewrite history by ushering in the abundance of solar energy instead of the scarcity of the fossil fuelled industrial revolution.
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Boston Headshot Photographers|(617) 615-9295
HEADSHOTS FOR INDIVIDUALS
HEADSHOTS FOR OFFICES & GROUPS
The Teacher Who Turned the Franchise Around
I’ve been experiencing a lot of gratitude over the last few days, and it is all directed towards one person.
My fourth-grade teacher.
I shared a shorter version of this on my LinkedIn profile, but once again I felt as though the 1,300-character limit just wasn’t enough to express how thankful I am to have crossed paths with Mrs. Clulow in 1988, and as it turns out, again in 2017.
A Quick Background
For a large chunk of the 1980s, my family and I lived in Michigan. For whatever reason, going to school was a huge problem for me. I was a constant disruption in the classroom, and my grades suffered because of it. I was C-level at best, with some D’s and F’s sprinkled in.
It was horrendous.
I was always getting sick in class, no doubt because of the stress. Perhaps I clowned around and was disruptive to offset that pressure?
At one point I even established my own “playground gang” to scare this new kid from Kentucky who didn’t like me. My crew lasted one recess before the bell forced us to disband permanently.
My third-grade teacher had enough of me, so much so that she wanted to retain me for another year. I was headed in the wrong direction, and fast.
But my mom, knowing that a school system change might be the answer to my academic ills, talked her into letting me move onto fourth grade.
And thank goodness she did. Thanks, mom!
Upon moving back to our hometown of Fremont, Ohio, I met my new teacher, Mrs. Clulow. She had been teaching for years, and even as a 10-year-old, I could immediately see that she was a kind, caring soul. Little did I know, though, that the school year ahead would see her work some serious magic.
After years of languishing in terrible grades, Mrs. Clulow showed the patience and care I needed. She pushed all the right buttons to get me to tackle new subjects with everything I had.
And the best part is, she was always open to talk after school — even if it was for fun. By the time all the other kids had long gone home, a few of us would ultimately stick around to hang out. How many people can say they connected so well with a teacher that they stayed after school *by choice*?
Little did I know at the time, but the 1988-89 school year would be Mrs. Clulow’s final one. It’s quite a blessing that with all of the combined years she and I have been on the planet, we managed to connect for that one transformative year. It’s a bit cliche to say, but that’s like winning the lottery.
Fast-forward to 2017. For at least the last 20 years I’ve wanted to check in with Mrs. Clulow and see how things have been. But, as we all know life often becomes filled with distractions. Now 96 years-old, she and I had a chance to catch up recently on a trip back to Fremont for a class reunion.
Wouldn’t you know it she hasn’t changed one bit!
Mrs. Clulow is as sharp as a tack and even remembers when my mom and I visited her classroom before the school year fired up. I updated her on life since the early 90s, showed her pictures of my family and talked about headshot photography. I got to meet her son, an experienced photographer; her caretakers; and former neighbors who, come to find out, I’m related to on my dad’s side. It’s a small world.
We laughed and told stories like it was 1988 all over again. I’m not always the “drop-in” type when it comes to visiting people, but this reconnection meant the world to me, and I was delighted to have had the opportunity. Many thanks to her daughter for helping to put this together.
We are looking forward to staying in touch going forward with notes and photos of the kids, by e-mail if you can believe it.
By ianjohns|2017-09-13T11:14:05-04:00September 13th, 2017|Uncategorized|0 Comments
About the Author: ianjohns
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Air Navigation Work Programme
ANC Overview Brochure
Air Navigation Commission
The Air Navigation Commission (ANC) considers and recommends Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs) and Procedures for Air Navigation Services (PANS) for adoption or approval by the ICAO Council.
The Commission is composed of nineteen members who have “suitable qualifications and experience in the science and practice of aeronautics”, as outlined in the Convention on International Civil Aviation (Chicago Convention). Although ANC Commissioners are nominated by specific ICAO Member States, and appointed by the Council, they do not represent the interest of any particular State or Region. Rather they act independently and utilize their expertise in the interest of the entire international civil aviation community.
Additionally, a number of persons from States and industry participate in the ANC as observers.
The ANC is tasked by the Council to manage the technical work programme of ICAO and, since its establishment, the Commission has considered and recommended SARPs comprising 17 out of the 19 Annexes to the Chicago Convention – including the most recent introduction of the new Annex 19 on Safety Management. Details on how SARPs and PANS are developed (the standards-making process), as well as the associated air navigation work programme, are provided below.
Under the approval of the Council, the ANC typically convenes for three sessions each year to address matters within its work programme. Each session typically lasts nine weeks including a three-week recess.
The key challenges faced by the ANC include maintaining and improving aviation safety and air navigation efficiency while integrating increased traffic into the current aviation infrastructure, introducing advanced systems, as well as proactively identifying risks and devising mitigation measures in accordance with the ICAO Global Aviation Safety Plan (GASP) and the Global Air Navigation Plan (GANP).
The following table lists the current commissioners serving the ICAO Air Navigation Commission.
(Available in English only)
AIR NAVIGATION COMMISSION (ANC)
as at 16 October 2019
Mr. Claude Hurley President*
Mr. Nabil Naoumi First Vice-President
Mrs. Elpida Koryfidou Second Vice-President
Mr. Stephen Creamer Secretary
Nominated By
Ms. Mariana Claudia Etchevest Argentina
Mr. Andrew Tiede Australia
Mr. Dan Marshal Freitas Brazil
Mr. Claude Hurley Canada
Mr. Junrong Liang China
Mr. Tom Andersen Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Latvia, Norway, Sweden and Switzerland
Mrs. Isabelle Monnier France
Mr. Nabil Naoumi Germany
Ms. Elpida Koryfidou Greece
Mr. Satoshi Oshima Japan
Mr. Moussa Halidou Niger
Mr. Dong Cheol Jang Republic of Korea
Mr. Alexander A. Batalov Russian Federation
Mr. Jameel Metwalli Saudi Arabia
Mr. Subash S Singapore
Mr. Albano Coutinho Spain and Belgium
Mr. John Wycliffe Kabbs Twijuke Uganda
Mr. Padhraic Kelleher United Kingdom
Mr. Donald Ward United States
*The ANC President is appointed by the ICAO Council for a 1-year term; the First and Second Vice-President are appointed by the Commission for a 1-year term; Commissioners are appointed by the ICAO Council for a three-year period.
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Qld IT projects subject to new review model
By Brett Winterford on Jul 5, 2013 2:49PM
Parliament House, Queensland.
Minister Walker: 'The buck stops with me'.
The Queensland Government has released its new model for IT governance, which attempts to balance accountability for technology projects between departmental Director Generals and the state's IT minister.
The five-year plan [pdf] reiterates the Newman Government’s intent to no longer operate as an internal provider of technology services and move to consuming IT as-a-service from the private sector.
It also deals with the difficult question of IT governance in the wake of numerous failed technology projects.
“Ultimately, the buck stops with me,” Minister Ian Walker told iTnews today.
The plan gives a degree of autonomy to departmental Director Generals for “low-risk” IT projects. Those deemed “high-risk” will need to be signed off by Walker based on the advice of the Department of Science, Information Technology, Innovation and the Arts (DSITIA) Director General Andrew Garner.
Garner, a former management consultant and auditor who recently replaced Queensland Government CIO Peter Grant, will also chair the Queensland Council of Directors General on any matter related to information technology, the Minister confirmed.
Walker said the definition of what constituted a “high-risk” versus a “low-risk” IT project would be announced in a separate implementation report, to be finalised on August 30.
Regardless, Garner will now have the authority to give the “tick of approval” over whether even the smallest of projects “comply with a whole-of-Government” approach, the Minister said.
“I am ably assisted by a Director-General in whom I have great confidence," Walker said.
Garner is now listed on the Queensland Government web site as both Director General of DSITIA and as the Queensland Government CIO.
Garner had been acting in the position since former CIO Peter Grant was removed to work on other projects, fuelling speculation the Office of the CIO would be scrapped.
Walker told iTnews the Office will continue to exist, but only in an advisory capacity to Garner and other Director Generals.
“The role of the Government CIO is continuing and I intend to fill that position,” he said.
Walker was unable to guarantee the jobs of the 30-odd staff of the GCIO due to an ongoing review of its function.
Walker said the strategy focused on ensuring “accountability is built in” to any IT project undertaken by the Queensland Government.
“Until this strategy was put in place, there was no clear line of accountability,” he said, making reference to Queensland Health’s troubled payroll project. “It wasn’t clear what any part of the government was doing.
“My department and Director General will be at the core of major risky IT decisions, and the Council of Director Generals will be tasked with seeing if gateways are met.”
As previously announced, the strategy promised an IT dashboard which lists all large IT projects underway within the Queensland Government for members of the public to track delivery, time and budget.
The five-year plan also revealed the performance of ICT investments would be regularly reported to Cabinet.
Minister Walker said DSITIA had already mocked up a dashboard on an intranet portal and promised a final product would be live by the end of 2013.
“That sort of initiative will be a breath of fresh air to make government honest to itself and to the people of Queensland,” he said.
accountability andrew garner gcio ian walker qld vs ibm queensland it strategy
By Brett Winterford
Farmers crack whip on data rights in agtech reality check
ATO gets ready to retire AUSkey
Brazil prosecutors charge The Intercept's Greenwald with hacking
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World / Offbeat Jan 19, 2020
Pole superposition: South African in a barrel in the sky set to break record
Vernon Kruger has been sitting in a barrel suspended 25 meters above ground for more than two months. Overlooking the South African town of Dullstroom, the 52-year-old is about to break a Guinness record — set by himself in 1997. "Sleeping in this barrel is not ...
Asia Pacific / Offbeat Jan 18, 2020
World's shortest man dies in Nepal at 27
The world's shortest man who was capable of walking, as verified by Guinness World Records, died Friday at a hospital in Nepal, his family said. Khagendra Thapa Magar, who measured 67.08 centimeters (2 feet, 2.41 inches), died of pneumonia at a hospital in Pokhara, 200 ...
World / Science & Health Jan 9, 2020
Alaska had record-warm year in 2019; lower 48 states had second-wettest year
Last year was Alaska's warmest year on record and the second-wettest in the contiguous United States, according to a government report on the U.S. climate released on Wednesday. Alaska's average temperature was 32.2 degrees Fahrenheit (0.1 degree Celsius), 6.2 degrees F above the long-term average, ...
National Jan 6, 2020
World's oldest person celebrates her 117th with party at Fukuoka nursing home
Kane Tanaka has extended her record as the world's oldest person by celebrating her 117th birthday at a nursing home in the city of Fukuoka. Tanaka marked her birthday, on Jan. 2, with a party Sunday together with staff and friends at the nursing home, ...
National Dec 30, 2019
Japan's low altitude satellite Tsubame registered in Guinness World Records
The honor is for achieving the “lowest altitude by an Earth observation satellite in orbit.
World / Offbeat Dec 29, 2019
Rowers become first to cross infamous Drake Passage unassisted
As freezing water thrashed their rowboat in some of the most treacherous waters in the world, six men fought for 13 days to make history, becoming the first people to traverse the infamous Drake Passage with nothing other than sheer manpower. They dodged icebergs, held ...
World / Crime & Legal Dec 28, 2019
Uruguay seizes record amount of cocaine
Uruguayan authorities have opened an investigation into a record cocaine seizure described as "the biggest blow to drug trafficking in the country's history," the navy said on Friday. The navy seized four soy flour containers packed with bags of cocaine at Montevideo's port. An inventory of ...
Asia Pacific Dec 19, 2019
Australia declares state of emergency as record heat fans bush-fires
Australian authorities declared a seven-day state of emergency in New South Wales state Thursday as a record heat wave fanned unprecedented bush fires raging across the region. Some 100 fires have been burning for weeks in the state, with half of those uncontained, including a ...
World's smallest gingerbread house sits atop teensy snowman created by Canadian researcher
There was Tiny Tim, and then the Little Drummer Boy — but they had nothing on the microscropic gingerbread house that is believed to be the smallest in the world and was unveiled Wednesday by a Canadian researcher. About half the size of one made ...
World / Science & Health Dec 19, 2019
'This is not our winter': Moscow temperatures hit 133-year high
Residents of Moscow are wondering where winter has gone as the highest December temperatures in 133 years deprive the Russian capital of its customary covering of snow. "This is not our winter," said pensioner Ludmila Biryukova. "It came from somewhere else." At a time when snow ...
Australia logs hottest day ever — 40.9 C — for now
Australia this week experienced its hottest day on record and the heat wave is expected to worsen, exacerbating an already unprecedented bush-fire season, authorities said Wednesday. The average nationwide temperatures of 40.9 degrees Celsius (105.6 degrees Fahrenheit) on Tuesday beat the previous record of 40.3 ...
World / Offbeat Nov 22, 2019
Nine-year-old Belgian boy set to become world's youngest university graduate
As he cradles his young puppy in his arms, Laurent Simons looks much like any other 9-year-old boy. Then he starts describing his work at a university in the Netherlands, developing a computer circuit that will replicate a part of the brain. "What we are ...
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The Bar Bulletin
Basch Report
Mathis Report
County Court
Jax Daily Record Monday, Oct. 3, 201612:00 PM EST
JTA, others to walk to school with students to promote safety
by: Daily Record Staff
The Jacksonville Transportation Authority, Safe Kids Northeast Florida and The Players Center for Child Health at Wolfson Children’s Hospital will participate Wednesday in the International Walk/Bike to School Day.
The goal of the day is to raise awareness, improve safety and encourage students to walk or bike to and from school.
The authority is working with the Florida Department of Transportation to implement a Safe Route to Schools program in Jacksonville.
Such programs across the state improve infrastructure in communities through building and fixing sidewalks, installing pedestrian signs and adding crosswalks.
The authority submitted an application to the department for improvements within a 2-mile radius of Andrew Robinson Elementary School in Springfield.
JTA is partnering with the city, Jacksonville Sheriff’s Office, department and bike and pedestrian organizations to make area mobility corridors safer.
To launch the effort, JTA CEO Nathaniel Ford, City Council member Reggie Gaffney, Duval County School Board Vice Chairman Paula Wright and Wolfson Children’s Hospital President Michael Aubin will join others to walk with parents and students to school Wednesday.
The walk will start at 7:15 a.m. at Mount Sinai Baptist Church, 2036 Silver St., and end at 8 a.m. at Andrew Robinson Elementary, 101 W. 12th St.
For more information, visit jtafla.com.
Sign permits issued for the 6 Winn-Dixies converting to Harveys; but new name not yet among them
False security alarm calls may cost Jacksonville residents
10 N. Newnan St.
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Deutsch English ไทย
Type All Event Person News Topic Publication
Thailand Office
Visit us also at
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Events - Thailand Office
Fairness and Justice in the Social Development of ASEAN-Countries
KAS together with the Graduate School of Human Sciences of Assumption University will hold an international conference aiming to investigate implementation of social justice and fairness especially in economic aspect.
กรุงเทพมหานคร Thailand
The Millennial’s Vision on Socio-Economic Policy
An event in cooperation with Institute of Democratization Studies (IDS) provides a discussion platform about challenges for Thailand’s development and policy formulation in political and economic contexts.
จ.ศรีสะเกษ Thailand
Inspection of Assets of the Persons Holding Political Positions and State Officials
The seminar will provide the participants the updated judicial expertise and academic information on malfeasance cases. On the platform the participants will be able to exchange their experiences which will lead to court procedure improvement.
จ.อุดรธานี Thailand
2018 Teach the Young Project
The training in cooperation with the Lawyer Team for Youth and Society Foundation aims to teach the young people starting from elementary school level to understand and be able to comply with general law in their day-to-day lives.
จ.ราชบุรี Thailand
Ageing Population Development
KAS in cooperation with the College of Local Administration of Khon Kaen University organises a workshop aiming to enhance social inclusion as well as to better understanding of good-care provision for ageing population in local governments.
จ.ขอนแก่น Thailand
Concept and Experience of Provisional Measures and Execution of the Courts
The seminar co-organised by KAS and the Office of the Constitutional Court of Thailand (OCC) aims to provide the platform for legal experts, state officials, and judges to exchange ideas on jurisdiction process.
The Royal Decree on the Digital Asset Businesses and Laws Relating to the Control of Cryptocurrency Trading
The special lecture co-organised by KAS and the OAC aims to provide the updated information and knowledge for legal experts, state officials, and administrative judges on recent laws relating to cryptocurrency trading.
The Situations, Legal Issues, and Crimes Related to Digital Currency, Bitcoin, in Thailand
A seminar co-organised by KAS and the Office of the Attorney-General of Thailand aims to provide the updated information and knowledge for legal experts, state officials, and prosecutors on recent laws relating to cryptocurrency.
— 8 Items per Page
Policies, Laws and Regulations Concerning Water Resources Management
An international conference on 12-14 December 2019 in cooperation with Thailand Institute of Justice, Hydro-Informatics Institute, Office of the National Water Resources, Department of Groundwater Resources, Royal Irrigation Department, Thailand Science Research and Innovation, and Department of Water Resources
Parliamentary Committee Meets the People
by Thasuthida Thetthong
Role and Duty of the Committee on Courts Affairs, State Enterprises, Independent Organs, Public Organisations and the Fund of the MP
On 28 September 2019, Konrad Adenauer Foundation Thailand Office in a cooperation with the Secretariat of the National Assembly and the Committee on Courts Affairs, State Enterprises, Independent Organs, Public Organisations and the Fund of the Member of the House of Representatives held a seminar about the Role and Duty of the Committee in Ayudhaya Province with up to 200 participants from Bangkok, Ayudhaya and the vicinity.
German Basic Law and Its Influence on Thai Constitutionalism
Seminar on the occasion of 70 years of the Federal Republic of Germany and 30 years of the fall of Berlin Wall
On Thursday 19th September 2019 at Maha Chulalongkorn Building in Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Her Royal Highness Princess Bajrakitiyabha Narendiradebyavati presided over the opening ceremony of an academic seminar organised by the Thai-German Society in cooperation with the German Embassy Bangkok, Asian Governance Foundation, Centre of European Studies of Chulalongkorn University and Konrad Adenauer Foundation Thailand Office, etc, to celebrate 70 years of the foundation of the Federal Republic of Germany and 30 years of the Fall of Berlin Wall.
Exchange on ASEAN and Global Economic Situation with Thai MPs
Visit of a Member of German Parliament, Frank Steffel
Upon the visit to Thailand of Dr Frank Steffel, a member of German parliament from CDU/CSU Party, a group of Thai members of parliament from government and opposition sides gave an honour in sitting together and discussing about the economic and social situations both in ASEAN and western regions. Besides, Dr Steffel and Thai MPs took this chance to exchange their viewpoints on EU-Thailand relation as well as consideration of further cooperation in various fields between parliaments of both countries.
Development of Social Market Economy in Germany for Thailand’s Initiation
On 19 August 2019, Konrad Adenauer Foundation Thailand Office held an expert talk on the principles of Social Market Economy from Germany’s experiences. The talk was honourably delivered by Dr Frank Steffel, a member of German Parliament from CDU/CSU Party, to representatives from KAS Thailand’s partner and co-partner organisations who have been working on the projects to develop the concept of the social market economy into real practice.
From the Future of European Parliament to the Perspective towards Public Policy in Thailand
In July 2019, KAS Thailand Office in cooperation with the Institute of Democratization Studies (IDS) held three discussions and seminars on the issues of ‘The Future of EU Parliament after Election’, ‘The Role of Millennial on Public Policy in 21st Century’, and ‘Thailand 2019 Public Policy Perspectives’ in Bangkok, Chonburi and Phitsanulok province.
E-AdminCourt System for Enhancement of Administrative Justice
by Orapan Suwanwattanakul
On 5-7 July 2019, KAS Thailand Office in cooperation with the Office of the Administrative Courts of Thailand (OAC) held an internal seminar.
Media’s Roles and Responsibility towards Personal Data Protection
KAS Thailand Office in corporation with the Institute of Public Policy Studies (IPPS) held a dialogue on the issue of personal data protection which is their main focus this year to raise public awareness. The discussion taken place on 26 June 2019 was the third event in the series, underlining the roles and responsibility of media towards the current situation of personal data protection in Thailand. On this issue, Mr Pattara Khumphitak – executive board of the Post Publishing PCL, former president of the National Press Council of Thailand, and former Constitution Drafting Committee – gave a lecture and exchanged views with participants from various related fields in governmental offices, civil society, private sector, and especially media.
Social Market Economy, Social Equity, and SME in Bangkok
KAS in cooperation with the Forward Foundation welcomed community leaders and authorities from Laksi District to participate in the seminar and study visit taking place on 12 June 2019. The seminar explored the concept of Social Market Economy with a focus on equity in the society. Four expertise perspectives were discussed: Social Equitable by Law, Good Will Economy System, Brand Sustainable, and Business Model for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises. The afternoon study-visit to Lertsuksom Community Enterprise in Phasi Charoen District offered a guidance to approaching social equity from the bottom-up or community level.
New Media’s Significance towards the Role of Legislative Institutions
Network Collaboration Development to Build Citizenship
The two-day workshop in corporation with the Secretariat of the House of Representatives welcomed the parliamentary officials especially the ones responsible for public relations task to attend to the lectures, discussions, and group brainstorming on the topics of development of public relations to support the work of the legislative institutions and development of news content and format to strengthen citizenship through new media, etc.
Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung
75/2 Sukhumvit Soi 61, Sukhumvit Road, Klongtan, Wattana
Office.Thailand@kas.de +66(0)2 714 1307 +66(0)2 714 1207/8, +66(0)2 714 1306
All contact options at a glance
AdenauerCampus Scholarship portal VIBESA Scholarship allumni network kasconnect.de Digital reading room
Main page of KAS
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Windows surround the breakfast room on 3 sides to take in the wooded view, and sliding glass doors open to the screened porch.
Comfort and spaciousness
Lena Lonigro
COVER HOUSE
2834 RIVER EDGE CIRCLE, SUGARCREEK TWP.
2-story with finished walkout sits on wooded lot
While remodeling can sometimes disturb the original intent of a custom-designed home, that is not the case with the brick two-story home at 2834 River Edge Circle in Sugarcreek Twp.
Here, current owners completed their many improvements with great thoughtfulness so that the interior floor plan integrates each change as though it were part of the original design.
Among the updates are the addition of a custom-designed window in the family room, the refreshing of exterior landscaping, completely remodeled kitchen and baths, and an elegant replacement of the front door.
Built in 1995 on a two-acre, wooded lot in the River Ridge II subdivision, the home offers nearly 5,100 square feet of living space.
Ed Gash of Coldwell Banker Heritage has listed it for $549,900.
“It’s a lushly landscaped two acres,” said Gash. “They planted dozens of trees. When entering the screened porch, it feels like you’re in a treehouse – a very quiet and serene setting.”
Under a wide archway the entrance porch leads to the front door, which announces understated elegance even before crossing the threshold.
“It’s a 42-inch solid mahogany front door,” Gash said.
Under an oversized transom mahogany side panels echo the door’s center panels, adding harmonious lines in tune with the style of the two-story entry. Sconces flank the door and a vertical clear-glass lighting fixture centers the ceiling. A two-directional staircase ascends to the upper level.
Crown moldings and a chandelier with beveled glass panels accent the open dining room, currently used as a music room.
Recently refinished hardwood flooring extends through the entry into the hall, the half bath and the walk area around the carpeted great room.
Wood moldings edge a tall plant ledge under the great room’s two-story ceiling. A wall of stacked windows in squares and rectangles integrates the wooded view as part of the interior décor.
Under-lighted solid cherry cabinets, miniature stone-tile backsplashes and granite counters attract attention in the kitchen.
“It’s a totally remodeled kitchen,” Gash said. “There is a beautiful flow in this granite grain.”
Hanging lights accent the center island, which has bar seating on one side and a four-burner gas range installed on the other side with a central griddle and a downdraft vent. Other stainless-steel appliances include the French-door refrigerator and the dishwasher.
A long buffet counter on the back wall incorporates an under-counter wine rack and a beverage refrigerator.
Windows surround the breakfast room on three sides to take in the wooded view, and sliding glass doors open to the screened porch, which has a bead board ceiling and treated-wood flooring.
Under a partial cathedral ceiling treatment in the family room, the custom-designed mantel with fluted posts extends upward to frame a large-screen-TV space. A window was added above that to allow more natural light.
Gash added, “It’s a fabulous gathering spot for family and friends. It’s a large room but with an intimate setting.”
A decorative border accents the tray ceiling in the main-floor bedroom suite, which has direct access to a private deck.
The bath offers a triangular jetted tub and an updated shower with corner seats in a separate room. There are two vanities, one with a makeup station. The walk-in closet has wraparound shelves, cubbies and cupboards.
The open staircase off the entry ascends to a loft area, which is currently used as an office. Two bedrooms on this level share the hall bath, which was remodeled with a raised vanity, floor-accent lighting, heated towel bar and glass-enclosed tub and shower. Nearby is a walk-in storage closet.
The carpeted lower level provides an open recreation room with plenty of space for a media/sitting area and game tables. At one end is an equipped wet bar with bar seating. Sliding glass doors open to the patio, where a staircase connects to the deck. Two extra rooms will accommodate a variety of uses such as extra bedrooms, workout space, office or crafts.
SUGARCREEK TWP.
Directions: Ohio 725 east of Bellbrook, left on lower Bellbrook Road, right on Little Miami, right on River Edge Circle
Highlights: About 5,085 sq. ft., 5 bedrooms, 3 full and 1 half baths, custom-built 1995, 2-story brick home, remodeled kitchen, finished walkout lower level with media/recreation/wetbar/exercise spaces, 2 decks, patio, 2-acre lot, fence, fire pit, attached 3-car garage, security system
Coldwell Banker Heritage
Ed Gash
www.EdGashRealtor.com
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Home > Vol. 4, No. 3, Mar 2013 > Vasanwala
Volume 4, Number 3, March 2013, pages 130-132
A Rare Cause of Reversible Unilateral Breast Swelling: A Case Report
Farhad Fakhrudin Vasanwalaa, c, Yuen Li NGb
aDepartment of Family Medicine and Continuing Care, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore
bDepartment of Diagnostic Radiology, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore
cCorresponding author: Farhad Fakhrudin Vasanwala, Department of Family Medicine and Continuing Care, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore
Manuscript accepted for publication November 16, 2012
Short title: Reversible Unilateral Breast Swelling
doi: https://doi.org/10.4021/jmc978w
We report a rare case of unilateral breast swelling due to congestive heart failure. Our patient was initially suspected to have carcinoma of the breast based on clinical findings. However, imaging studies showed considerable oedema in the skin, subcutaneous and glandular tissues of the right breast, without a mass lesion. The oedema resolved with diuretic treatment. This case illustrates the point to consider congestive heart failure as a cause of unilateral breast swelling especially in a patient with a background of congestive heart failure and hypoalbuminaemia.
Keywords: Unilateral breast swelling; Inflammatory carcinoma of the breast; Congestive heart failure; Hypoalbuminaemia
With our aging population, congestive heart failure and breast malignancies are increasingly more prevalent among the elderly worldwide. Besides knowing the textbook presentation of these diseases, familiarizing with the atypical presentations of these common diseases are also important. This awareness would facilitate early diagnosis and management, reducing unnecessary investigations and patient morbidity.
We report a rare case of unilateral breast swelling in an elderly lady with a background of congestive heart failure.
Madam P, a 72-year-old lady homemaker premorbidly ADL independent presented with shortness of breath, progressive right breast and right upper limb swelling for the past two weeks. She had increased productive sputum, but no fever, and no rhinorrhoea. She denied any history of trauma to the breast. She had a past medical history of diabetes, congestive heart failure, valvular heart disease (EF 25%) with severe aortic stenosis, moderate severe mitral regurgitation, severe tricuspid regurgitation, and regional wall motion abnormality. She also had gout, iron and Vitamin B12 deficient anaemia, nephropathy with hypoalbuminaemia and was on follow up with the cardiologist, rheumatologist and endocrinologist for her chronic medical problems.
Patient was alert, afebrile, tachypnoeic with respiratory rate of 24/min, heart rate of 63/min regular rhythm, blood pressure of 120/60 mmHg. Heart sounds were normal with a systolic murmur and JVP was elevated. There were bilateral crepitations of the lungs; right lung was more than the left. Abdomen was soft, non tender with no organomegaly. There were bilateral lower limb pitting oedema up to the knees. Clinical breast examination showed an enlarged right breast mainly around the nipple-areolar area with diffusely thickened peau d’orange skin. There was no pitting oedema of the breast or palpable mass. No nipple discharge, retraction nor lymphadenopathy was detected. The right upper limb oedema was more pronounced than the left.
The provisional diagnoses were congestive heart failure with concomitant inflammatory carcinoma of the breast. Patient was started on the standard management for heart failure, for example, furosemide, spironolactone, potassium supplementation, beta blockers, ACE (angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor) inhibitors with fluid and salt restriction. Mammography of both breasts and ultrasound of the right breast were performed in view of the suspected neoplastic pathology.
The digital mammograms (Fig. 1) showed an enlarged right breast. There was breast oedema bilaterally, worse on the right. The skin and areola of the right breast were thicker. Curvilinear vascular calcifications were also present in the breasts. Ultrasound of the right breast (Fig. 2) confirmed considerable oedema in the skin, subcutaneous and glandular tissues of the right breast. No mass lesion was seen.
Click for large image Figure 1. Craniocaudal mammograms of the right breast (a) showing enlargement with oedema, relative to the left breast (b).
Click for large image Figure 2. Ultrasound image of the right breast showing significant oedema of the glandular tissue.
After 2 days the right breast swelling resolved. Patient declined further cardiac intervention and was stable on discharged one week after admission with follow-up outpatient appointment.
Our initial impression of the unilateral breast swelling was an inflammatory breast carcinoma. This is a rare, highly aggressive form of primary breast cancer that comprises 1 to 6% of all the cases of breast cancer. The following signs and symptoms suggested the diagnosis: 1). The rapid onset of oedema (swelling), and a peau d’orange appearance, without a lump that can be felt [1]; 2). The symptoms have been present for less than 6 months [1].
However, there was no increase in warmth or erythema present.
Breast oedema may present in either unilateral or bilateral manner. Bilateral breast oedema may occur in patients with systemic illnesses like renal failure, heart failure, and liver disease [2]. Oedema in breast carcinoma may be due to congestion or tumor cell infiltration of the dermal and the intramammary lymphatics, whereas unilateral breast oedema in congestive heart failure may be caused by patient’s tendency to lie on one side leading to dependent oedema [3]. Our patient was lying predominantly on the right side which accounted for the right unilateral breast oedema.
Congestive heart failure is a rare cause of unilateral breast oedema, which should resolve when the underlying condition is appropriately treated. Our patient's breast oedema resolved after 2 days of diuretic therapy. Her breast swelling would also have been aggravated by her hypoalbuminaemia secondary to her diabetic nephropathy [4].
Other differential diagnoses include lymphatic obstruction, mastitis, lymphoma, and post radiation changes [4]. However, she did not have a prior history of radiotherapy, and lymphoma was very unlikely since the swelling resolved with diuretic therapy. Mastitis in an elderly non-lactating lady is highly unlikely.
Although breast congestion due to heart failure has been first described by Stolz et al in 1974, even now it has not been described as a cause of breast swelling in standard authoritative medical textbooks [5, 6].
Thus, worldwide where congestive heart failure is becoming increasingly more prevalent, there is a need to be familiar with its atypical presentations. This awareness would facilitate early diagnosis and management, reducing unnecessary investigations and patient morbidity.
Drenthen W, Hoendermis ES, Moons P, Heida KY, Roos-Hesselink JW, Mulder BJ, Van Dijk AP, et al. Menstrual cycle and its disorders in women with congenital heart disease. Congenit Heart Dis. 2008;3(4):277-283.
McElligott G, Harrington MG. Heart failure and breast enlargement suggesting cancer. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1986;292(6518):446.
Jung JH, Min PK, Moon YW, Shim WH. Congestive heart failure and a swollen breast. Lancet. 2004;363(9404):210.
An YY, Kim SH, Cha ES, Kim HS, Kang BJ, Park CS, Jung NY, et al. Diffuse infiltrative lesion of the breast: clinical and radiologic features. Korean J Radiol. 2011;12(1):113-121.
Stolz JL, Friedman AK, Arger PH. Breast carcinoma simulation. Mammography in congestive heart failure mimics acute mastitis and advanced carcinoma. JAMA. 1974;229(6):682-683.
Longo D, Fauci A, Kasper D, Hauser S, Jameson J, Loscalzo J. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 18th ed, USA: McGraw Hill Professional, 2011.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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100 Influentials, the future of cars and more
...markets, a forecast of the car industry in 20 years and the driverless car. –The Wall Street Journal reports that auto industry technologists believe driverless cars will be mainstream by...
Driverless delivery, wellness luxury and more
–Kroger hopes to be the first US grocer to use driverless cars to delivery groceries, reports Bloomberg. –Anthropologie is moving into wellness, with a new luxury section that sells aromatherapy...
CES 2019: Key trends
...of 5G, VR and AR, connected cars and homes, and vast, bendable, 360-degree 8K TV screens—health tech remains a burgeoning segment, one that now encompasses everything from personalized nutrition, scents,...
...and beyond,” he says. Fellow Japanese carmaker Nissan also got its share of hype, demoing a brain-to-vehicle interface to make manned cars safer and driverless cars less scary. The device—a...
Drivers take a backseat in tomorrow’s autonomous vehicles
A half-century ago, some sci-fi images imagined 21st-century drivers zipping around in flying vehicles, speeding along invisible highways. While cars may still be planted firmly on the ground and the...
Africa’s new tech hubs, ‘granular level’ realness, and more
...the “profound change” that driverless cars will bring to a range of sectors and outlines the challenges facing hydrogen-fueled cars. – The Wall Street Journal reports that Silicon Valley investors...
‘Nonmacho’ hunters, Africa’s new hip hub and more
...Disease Control and Prevention. -The BBC explores whether consumers will trust a computer to take control when self-driving cars come on the market. Meanwhile, The Guardian wonders whether driverless cars...
Lifestyle+Travel
Transportality
...hit our streets is the day cars are not cars anymore. They can be anything,” Space10’s cofounder Simon Caspersen told Dezeen. “The primary function of transportation disappears to give rise...
The P2P economy, graphene and more
...mainstream. -French consumers are losing interest in domestic cars, and in buying cars more generally, reports The New York Times. -A Pew report examines how Americans track their health conditions,...
Biocontributive brands
...driverless electric cars, automatic lighting for streets and buildings, and smart-tech solutions for waste and security management. As these pioneering initiatives prove, brand success of the future will increasingly lie...
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Vox Bobcat S66 Semi-Hollow Electric Guitar, Black
Product Code: BC-S66-BK
The VOX Bobcat and Lynx were originally produced in Italy during the mid-1960s. These were very beautiful instruments with a vintage-flavored look.
Pre-Order: 2 Available
Delivery: April 2020 - Order now to secure yours today!
The VOX Bobcat and Lynx were produced in Italy during the mid-1960s. These were very beautiful instruments with a vintage-flavored look. The Bobcat in particular, unusually for hollow-body guitars, featured three single-coil pickups, setting it distinctly apart from other guitars. As befitting their revival, we have kept the historic design of these guitars unchanged, but brought them up to date for today's music scene by improving their playability, controlling acoustic feedback, and raising the performance of the pickups; the result is the Bobcat V90 and Bobcat S66. Choose from three color variations: sunburst, cherry red, and black.
Carrying on the original design
The pickguard and pickup are based on the design of the original VOX Bobcat, and use plastic of the same hue. The knobs are also made of aluminum as used on the original guitars. The headstock logo reproduces the vertical orientation of the original, projecting the same retro/vintage feel as the models of the 1960s.
Improved playability
The neck joint uses a set neck method that makes it easy to play even on the higher frets. The fixed Tune-o-matic bridge allows the optimal neck angle for easy playing, significantly improving the playability when compared to the original.
Semi-hollow structure that suppresses acoustic feedback even during high-volume performance
The semi-hollow body structure uses a weight-relieved center block, increasing sustain while being resistant to feedback even at high volume levels.
New pickups with a retro sound and appearance
The Bobcat S66 is equipped with three single-coil pickups. With a rich range of tonal variation, these have a sound and distinctive appearance that sets them apart from other semi-hollow guitars.
Tune-o-matic bridge
The bridge is a fixed Tune-o-matic for easy string changes.
Open-gear tuning heads made by Grover
The tuning heads are an open-gear type, which are lightweight and transmit the string vibration effectively.
Body: Maple Plywood
Center Block: Weight-relieved Spruce
Fret Board: Indonesian Ebony
Nut width: 43 mm
Tuning keys: Grover open gear
Bobcat S66: VOX S66 x 3
Bobcat S66: VOLUME x 3, TONE x 1
Color Variations: Sunburst, Cherry Red, Black
Dimensions (W x D x H): 416 mm x 82 mm x 1061 mm/16.38" x 3.23" x 41.77"
Weight: 3.1 kg/6.83 lbs
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Surrey Mayor Doug McCallum poses with an example of a Surrey Police cruiser after his State of the City Address at Civic Hotel on May 7. (Photo: Amy Reid)
Province approves Surrey municipal police force
Minister of Public Safety Mike Farnworth green-lights mayor’s campaign promise
Lauren Collins
Aug. 22, 2019 12:13 p.m.
It’s a green light for the Surrey Police Department.
The Ministry of Public Safety and Solicitor General has approved the City of Surrey’s municipal police force, according to a joint statement from Minister Mike Farnworth and Surrey Mayor Doug McCallum Thursday (Aug. 22).
It says the minister gave the green light “required to establish Surrey’s municipal police department.”
“To ensure all key issues are addressed and all complex details are in place to facilitate an orderly transition, a joint project team has been struck,” the statement says. “The joint transition committee, chaired by the Hon. Wally Oppal, will work expeditiously to provide advice to the Director of Police Services through to the Solicitor General relating to the establishment of Surrey’s municipal police department.”
McCallum will be available to speak to the media at 2 p.m.
Lone Surrey First Councillor Linda Annis, who had called for a referendum on the policing issued a statement after the announcement saying she is “disappointed that the province hasn’t provided an opportunity for Surrey taxpayers to have their say.”
“I am hopeful the task force that has been set up will drill down into the details of the proposed new police department and will provide some mechanism for Surrey voters and taxpayers to be heard in a serious way, something that has been missing so far,” the statement read, adding Annis has “always been important to me that the citizens of Surrey have their say in any move from the RCMP to a municipal force.”
READ ALSO: First look at Surrey’s policing transition report
SEE MORE: Could Surrey find 800-plus officers for its new force by 2021?
READ ALSO: McCallum says Surrey police officers will be patrolling streets by July 2020, May 7, 2019
Joint statement from McCallum/Farnworth on the approval of a Surrey police force.
Statement says "all key issues are addressed" but several councillors take issue with much of the report.
Stay tuned to this story for updates: https://t.co/J6gCe7s3SR #SurreyBC #bcpoli pic.twitter.com/77Z08fm2xW
— Amy Marie Reid (@amyreid87) August 22, 2019
Councillor Brenda Locke – who split from the mayor’s Safe Surrey Coalition earlier this year over his so-called “my-way-or-the-highway approach” – said she figured the approval “was bound to happen.”
“Now it gets real. This is where the rubber hits the road,” she told the Now-Leader. “Now, the people who wrote the report have to fully disclose what they mean. The public has to know what the numbers are. This will now create that place where they can really talk about what the costs are going to look like to the citizens and residents of Surrey. You can’t tell right now.”
Locke said McCallum and the Vancouver Police Department, which helped Surrey develop its transition plan, “are going to have to defend the report they’ve written, because they’ve chosen to be silent until now.”
According to Locke, the “cost implications are going to become very real, very soon.”
Locke also said she hopes the provincial government will “demand meaningful consultation,” saying the consultation that’s gone on thus far “can’t be taken seriously.”
With provincial approval, McCallum previously said “the next step is to form Surrey Police Board and Surrey’s Police Board will be the governing body of Surrey Police and one of their first responsibilities will be to select a new Surrey Police commander.”
Back in May, McCallum said in his 2019 State of the City Address that Surrey municipal police officers would be “patrolling our streets by July 2020.”
The City of Surrey showcased a police cruiser prototype outside city hall on May 7, before the transition plan was approved.
The city’s transition plan has been slammed by several city councillors, some who used to sit on McCallum’s slate until they split over concerns.
READ MORE: Surrey councillor says proposed police force ‘fails’ abused children
SEE ALSO: Linda Hepner flunks Surrey’s police transition plan
Most recently, Councillor Brenda Locke slammed the proposed policing transition plan saying it would cut the current Surrey RCMP Police Mental Health and Outreach Team in half, from 20 to 11.
Prior to that, in mid-June, Locke criticized the report for reducing police officers for Sophie’s Place’s Child and Youth Abuse Team, saying it “fails abused children” by reducing the minimum number of officers based there from 11 to seven.
Councillors Jack Hundial and Steven Pettigrew have also split from the slate, attributing their departures to what they describe as a lack of transparency and consultation on council and with the public.
Hundial split after the mayor dissolved the city’s Public Safety Committee – which all of council sat on – in favour of his new Interim Police Transition Committee for the force before it was approved.
In early August, Hundial issued a press release slamming the plan for only intending to have 80 per cent of its authorized strength on day one of operations, and for having significantly fewer supervisory personnel.
“In my experience as a police officer of 25 years and as a front-line police supervisor in Surrey, less supervision leads to increased taxpayer liability and less effective public safety.”
READ ALSO: Surrey showcases police car for a city force B.C. has not yet approved, May 7, 2019
READ ALSO: Surrey spent $15K on police cruiser prototype, June, 20, 2019
The City of Surrey’s proposed transition plan to convert from RCMP states the force will “go live” on April 1, 2021 and its operating costs will be $192.5 million that year.
That’s a 10.9 per cent increase from the $173.6 million the city projects the RCMP would cost that year. The report states that a unionization drive is underway within the RCMP and if achieved, “the gap between the cost of the Surrey RCMP and the cost of the Surrey PD would be eliminated.”
There are also an estimated $39.2 million in start-up costs.
While the proposed municipal force would have fewer officers, the report says it would have more staff overall.
Currently, Surrey RCMP has 843 members although the city report says 51 of those positions are vacant, meaning a “funded strength” of 792 officers. There are also 302 City of Surrey employees supporting the RCMP.
Surrey RCMP, however, says they don’t have 51 vacant positions but that those positions are created to cover temporary vacancies, when needed, such as maternity or sick leaves.
“It is important to note that we currently have a full complement of police officers at Surrey Detachment,” Surrey RCMP said in an emailed statement after the report’s release.
The transition report suggests a new municipal force in Surrey would have 805 police officers, 325 civilian positions and 20 Community Safety Personnel.
-With files from Amy Reid
lauren.collins@surreynowleader.com
Like us on Facebook Follow us on Instagram and follow Lauren on Twitter
B.C. music teacher accused of sexual misconduct involving girls
NDP bring Green New Deal to the Kootenays
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Authorities cordon off a part of the sidewalk in the 5100 block of E. 42nd Street in Odessa, Texas, Saturday, Aug. 31, 2019. Several people were dead after a gunman who hijacked a postal service vehicle in West Texas shot more than 20 people, authorities said Saturday. The gunman was killed and a few law enforcement officers were among the injured. (Mark Rogers/Odessa American via AP)
Death toll in West Texas shooting rampage rises to 7
Authorities say the gunman was a white male in his 30s,
Sep. 1, 2019 9:30 a.m.
The death toll in a West Texas shooting rampage increased to seven Sunday as authorities investigated why a man stopped by state troopers for failing to signal a left turn opened fire on them and fled, shooting more than 20 people as he drove before being killed by officers outside a movie theatre.
Odesa police spokesman Steve LeSueur said that at least one person who was shot remained in life-threatening condition Sunday. Authorities say the gunman was a white male in his 30s, but police have not released a name or possible motive.
A news conference was scheduled for later Sunday in Odesa.
The shooting began Saturday afternoon with an interstate traffic stop where gunfire was exchanged with police, setting off a chaotic rampage during which the suspect hijacked a mail carrier truck and fired at random as he drove in the area of Odesa and Midland, two cities in the heart of Texas oil country more than 300 miles (483 kilometres) west of Dallas.
Police initially reported possible multiple shooters, but Odesa police Chief Michael Gerke later said there was only one male suspect.
The suspect shot “at innocent civilians all over Odesa,” according to a statement from Odesa police
In the face of unspeakable violence, Texans have come together before. We will again. https://t.co/qMzAaEGsQj
— Senator John Cornyn (@JohnCornyn) September 1, 2019
The terrifying chain of events began when Texas state troopers tried pulling over a gold car mid-Saturday afternoon on Interstate 20 for failing to signal a left turn, Texas Department of Public Safety spokeswoman Katherine Cesinger said. Before the vehicle came to a complete stop, the driver “pointed a rifle toward the rear window of his car and fired several shots” toward the patrol car stopping him. The gunshots struck one of two troopers inside the patrol car, Cesinger said, after which the gunman fled and continued shooting.
Two other police officers were shot before the suspect was killed. Authorities say the trooper was in serious but stable condition on Saturday, and the other officers were stable.
Gerke said there were at least 21 civilian shooting victims.
Witnesses described gunfire near shopping plazas and in busy intersections
Shauna Saxton was driving with her husband and grandson in Odesa and had paused at a stoplight when they heard loud pops.
“I looked over my shoulder to the left and the gold car pulled up and the man was there and he had a very large gun and it was pointing at me,” she told TV station KOSA.
Saxton said she was trapped because there were two cars in front of her. “I started honking my horn. I started swerving and we got a little ahead of him and then for whatever reason the cars in front of me kind of parted,” she said, sobbing. She said she heard three more shots as she sped away.
Gerke did not go into detail about the chase, but the movie theatre where the suspect was killed is more than 10 miles (16 kilometres) from where state troopers originally pulled over the gunman.
The shooting comes just four weeks after a gunman in the Texas border city of El Paso killed 22 people after opening fire at a Walmart. Texas Gov. Greg Abbott this week held two meetings with lawmakers about how to prevent more mass shootings in Texas. He said he would visit the area Sunday.
Saturday’s shooting brings the number of mass killings in the U.S. so far this year to 25, matching the number in all of 2018, according to The AP/USATODAY/Northeastern University mass murder database. The number of people killed this year has already reached 142, surpassing the 140 people who were killed of all last year. The database tracks homicides where four or more people are killed, not including the offender.
Dustin Fawcett said he was sitting in his truck at a Starbucks in Odesa when he heard at least six gunshots ring out less than 50 yards (46 metres) behind him.
He spotted a white sedan with a passenger window that had been shattered. That’s when he thought, “Oh man, this is a shooting.”
Fawcett, 28, an Odesa transportation consultant, “got out to make sure everyone was safe” but found that no one nearby had been struck by the gunfire. He said a little girl was bleeding, but she hadn’t been shot, and that he later found out she was grazed in the face.
Vice-President Mike Pence said following the shooting that President Donald Trump and his administration “remain absolutely determined” to work with leaders in both parties in Congress to take such steps “so we can address and confront this scourge of mass atrocities in our country.”
Pence said Trump had spoken to the attorney general and that the FBI was assisting local law enforcement.
Trump has offered contradictory messages in reacting to recent mass shootings. Days after the El Paso shooting, he said he was eager to implement “very meaningful background checks” on guns and told reporters there was “tremendous support” for action. He later backed away, saying the current system of background checks was “very, very strong.”
READ MORE: Life in public-shooting-era America: ‘You can’t just not go’
Most recently, Trump has called for greater attention to mental health, saying that new facilities are needed for the mentally ill as a way to reduce mass shootings. However, some mental health professionals say such thinking is outdated, that linking mental illness to violence is wrong, and that the impact of more treatment would be helpful overall but would have a minor impact on gun violence.
Weber reported from Austin. Associated Press journalists Meghan Hoyer in Washington, D.C., Courtney Bonnell in Phoenix, Tim Talley in Oklahoma City and Michael Balsamo in Washington contributed to this report.
Paul J. Weber And Jake Bleiberg, The Associated Press
Dorian closes in on Bahamas as dangerous Category 5 storm
School returns in B.C. with uncertainty surrounding contract for teachers
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Seattle Mariners unveil nearly $30M plan for improvements at T-Mobile Park
VIDEO: Mariners announce upgrades at T-Mobile Park
SEATTLE — The Seattle Mariners unveiled Thursday their nearly $30 million upgrades for T-Mobile Park for the upcoming 2020 season.
Officials said work includes 49 basic infrastructure projects and plans to enhance the fan experience on all levels of the stadium.
[ >> PHOTOS: Renderings of improvements, fan upgrades at T-Mobile Park ]
Crews will start the renovations during the offseason.
"At 20 years of age, T-Mobile Park is still in good condition and a great place to watch baseball. The work we will be doing for next season and the years to come will ensure that it continues to be a first-class experience for fans and is our home for generations to come," said Kevin Mather, Seattle Mariners president and chief executive officer.
The projects are the first part of a 10-year and $280 million plan.
Squirrel asks woman to help injured baby, tugs on pant leg to get attention
Food shortage at Seattle schools forces some kids to buy lunch elsewhere
Second fire in hours destroys Newcastle home
Electronic road sign hacked to display ‘Impeach The Bastard'
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Home » Videos » Hathyar Song From Subedar Joginder Singh Will Make Your Heart Swell With Pride
Hathyar Song From Subedar Joginder Singh Will Make Your Heart Swell With Pride
The song has many moments wherein, one realizes the varied emotions associated with a soldier who has set himself up for a journey where his return is completely uncertain.
Subedar Joginder Singh– the first ever film to showcase the life of a Param Vir Chakra recipient is all set to release on the 6th of April, 2018 worldwide. Starring Gippy Grewal and Aditi Sharma in the lead roles, the film has lot more to offer to the audience in terms of heart melting family moments, bone-tickling dialogue deliveries from artists, moments arousing patriotism and respect for soldiers, enthralling action sequences, so on and so forth.
This film has remained in the news for all the good reasons. This time around, with the release of the song Hathyar, it is bound to make your heart swell with pride. The song has many moments wherein, one realizes the varied emotions associated with a soldier who has set himself up for a journey where his return is completely uncertain. Yet, the determination in his mind and the respect towards his duty makes him unabatedly walk towards his goal of fighting for the nation.
The song starts with the verse with Guru Gobind Ji’s Bani in the Dasam Granth “Deh Shiva Bar Mohe Ihai Shubh Karman Te Kabhu Na Taron; Na Daron Arr Siyo Jab Jai Laron Nishchay Kar Apni Jeet Karon”, meaning O Lord, grant me this boon, May I never refrain from righteous acts; that I might fight without fear of all foes and with firm resolve claim victory. The Sikhs have known for their strength and bravery since time immemorial. Less we know, little we realize and least we acknowledge the supreme sacrifices of the warriors who lay down their lives for the nation.
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It is applaud-worthy to see the makers delve into the forgotten chapters of history only to bring out the concept which is informative and the knowledge of which is worthwhile for every individual. In the era of commercially viable films, this film will turn out to be a historic turnover in the world of Punjabi cinema. Not only is this film about a great genre, a compelling story-line, a noteworthy concept; it is also about the honesty with which it is made and the authenticity which has been maintained to recreate a forgotten period. The endeavors of the team are quite evident in terms location selection as well. The film, which has been shot in picturesque locations of Suratgarh, Drass – Kargil, Assam, and Kufri has made the visually attractive.
Subedar Joginder Singh, produced by Seven Colors Motion Picture in association with Saga Music and Unisys Infosolutions Pvt. Ltd. is all set to hit the silver screens on April 6, 2018 worldwide.
Hathyar
Nachhatar Gill
Nischay Kar Apni Jeet Karo
Saga Music
SUBEDAR JOGINDER SINGH
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L'Arche-Manchester
L'Arche in Manchester
The Hive community café
Our impact: Amanda's story
Life in Manchester
Residential vacancies
Bella's story
Set up a fundraising page
L’Arche Manchester is running the Manchester 10k
Emily, Emma and a whole group of us are taking part in the 10k Great Manchester Run, whilst Lydia is doing the Junior Run on Sunday 19th May 2019, all raising money for L’Arche Communities around the world.
Emily has been taking part in the Manchester 10k for several years now. She has an amazing three-wheeler, all-terrain, buggy and a team of runners take it in turns to push her around the course.
This year we have a bigger team than ever before. For some of us this will be our sixth year taking part. Emma is a dedicated runner and takes part in the 5km Park Run most Saturday mornings. After completing the 10k last year, she’s taking it on again this year.
We are so proud of Team L’Arche Manchester!
We want to raise lots of money for L’Arche communities around the world who need our support.
There are more than 150 L'Arche communities in over 37 countries.
We are fundraising for Communities that receive little, or no, state funding.
For example, in India, L’Arche Kolkata has been a place of sanctuary and belonging for people with learning disabilities for more than forty years. Many of the children and adults supported by L’Arche were orphaned, sometimes found on the streets or on train platforms, exposed to extreme poverty, often to discrimination and sometimes violence. As well as being a home for life for some of the most vulnerable people in Indian society, L’Arche also provides vocational activities and training, education and basic healthcare. L’Arche Kolkata reaches out to some of the poorest families with children with learning disabilities, providing practical support such as physiotherapy and vital medications, and emotional and social support.
Thank you for supporting us to support L’Arche Communities around the world.
Andy Salmon
has raised £323 so far.
Michaela Salmon
Jeni Goodfellow-Pemsel
has raised £35 so far.
Author: Joe Revell
Comments and donations (69)
St William's Parish in Sheffield showed the film "Summer in the Forest" as a celebration of the life and work of Jean Vanier. Everyone loved the joyful and love-filled film. At the end, there was an invitation to donate to L'Arche Manchester, where my nephew Crispin lives happily among the wonderful L'Arche people. I am sending the £81.60 raised. I am happy for the name of St William's parish to be displayed on the site with the donation.
Donated On: 14 June 2019
From: Matt kovar
Donated On: 29 May 2019
Well done Anna!
Thank you for fundraising for a great community
Well done Jenny! Xx
From: Sally Carr
Well done Andy, love mum and dad x
From Sylvia and Ian, well done Michaela!
Finished the 1/2 marathon, just! So as promised, here’s the other £25. Well done Andy and team.
W&L
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L'Arche UK has signed up to the The Driving Up Quality Code See our latest inspection reports from Care Quality Commission
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Home > The Blog > Kuryakyn Teams Up With WolfPack
Kuryakyn Teams Up With WolfPack
Riding motorcycles with a group can require a lot of planning, preparation… and oftentimes, patience! The more organized you (or your ride captains) are, the less likely things are to go awry on the road. But accounting for every variable that might arise can be difficult. Riders getting separated from the pack, variances in fuel capacity between motorcycles and on-the-fly communication for breakdowns or last-minute route diversions are a few things that can ruin even the most well-planned ride. Luckily, there’s an app to help ensure smooth sailing for you and your pack!
Kuryakyn was founded on designing products with a purpose to enhance the riding experience, so we’re excited to announce a partnership with an innovative rider-friendly platform designed to transform the way motorcyclists ride in groups — the WolfPack Mobile App.
WolfPack is a comprehensive riding-based app designed to streamline the process of organizing, planning and executing a safe, enjoyable and worry-free group riding experience. Think of it as the Swiss Army Knife of GPS services. The app comes complete with a host of built-in features including, but not limited to, turn-by-turn navigation, customizable one-touch direct messaging to the entire group, and real-time radar tracking for everyone in your pack to ensure no rider gets left behind.
The WolfPack App is available on any Android or iOS device in Basic (FREE) or Premium (PAID) platforms. Upon download, the user can enjoy the Premium version for 30 days, for free. After those 30 days, the user has to become a paying user to keep the Premium level, or, can choose to revert to Basic. WolfPack Premium is available for $5.99 per month (or $59.99 for a full year) and offers unlimited rides plus the ability to set up to multiple waypoints, navigate directly to a waypoint, capture and save interesting places along the ride for return trips, utilize an integrated chat system and even share pictures within your group. The Basic version, on the other hand, is limited for only 8 rides a year, does not support waypoints and has other limitations.
Integrated turn-by-turn navigation with radar to track every member in your group keeps your pack intact. You can also save and keep a full ride log to retrace or share your favorite routes.
The WolfPack App features customizable one-touch direct messaging to update your entire group and also offers users the ability to search and join "public" rides created by other WolfPack members.
WolfPack’s mission is to reinvent the group riding experience. They’re also taking the inherent social aspects that bind riders together to another level. Even if you’re usually a “one-man wolf pack” but still enjoy the occasional group ride or just want to find new routes to explore, you can create or search for rides in your area that are open to the entire WolfPack community, which currently includes more than 60,000 registered users.
Kuryakyn is more than proud to support WolfPack’s efforts and offer their users exclusive content, special promotions and in-app access to purchase directly through the Kuryakyn website. We’ll also be organizing group rides at various rallies and events, so sign up today and join the Kuryakyn WolfPack community!
To download the app for iOS, CLICK HERE
To download the app for Android, CLICK HERE
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Agriculture, Community, Local News, Minnesota News, News Landing Page
Western Minnesota Steam Threshers Reunion: Learning About the Importance of Old Time Farming
"Teaching you about your ancestors and how they lived before you did and how technology has improved"
ROLLAG, Minn. — All the clinks and clunks may surprise you, but those noises come with using some old time farming equipment. “My favorite part of today was riding a tractor,” said Trinity St. Clarre a visitor at the show. Kids, families and generations of threshermen are reliving the good ol’ days by bringing some old farming traditions back to…
Agriculture, Business, Community, Local News, News Landing Page, North Dakota News
The Fargo Project in Final Steps of Developing Nature Property
The Fargo Project is hoping to make a vacant property a place where people in the Red River Valley will have a space to relax and gather for fun activities
FARGO, ND — People of the Fargo Project are putting their plans into place for an open plot of land in south Fargo. They are working on developing the land to connect people with nature. The Fargo Project is hoping to make a vacant property a place where people in the Red River Valley will have a space to relax…
Agriculture, Business, Local News, News Landing Page, North Dakota News
North Dakota Sees Drop in Farms, Ranches in 2016
The number of small farms and ranches in terms of sales increased, while the number of large operations declined
NORTH DAKOTA — The number of farms and ranches in North Dakota dropped slightly last year. The federal Agriculture Department estimates 29,800 agricultural operations in the state in 2016, down 200 from 2015. The number of small farms and ranches in terms of sales increased, while the number of large operations declined. Land in farms and ranches totaled 39.1…
Agriculture, Crime, Health, News Landing Page, North Dakota News
Illegal Use of Poison Puts Hundreds of Bison Under Quarantine in the Dakotas
The EPA investigation uncovered 40,000 pounds of poison had been distributed across 5,400 acres
Hundreds of bison are under quarantine in North Dakota and South Dakota after an illegal poison was used to kill prairie dogs. An EPA investigation found 40,000 pounds of poison had been distributed across 5,400 acres. It was spread on the former Cannonball Ranch near the Standing Rock Sioux Reservation and the Wilder Ranch. The EPA-led investigation began last year…
Hope, ND - Town of the Week 1/21/2020
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US: UPDATED - Laser aimed at NFL team quarterback, holder
06 Oct 2014 -- Categories: Non-aviation incidents | Updated story
Someone in the stands of an American football game aimed a laser pointer at players on October 5 2014.
The game was between the Buffalo Bills (visitors) and the Detroit Lions (home team). The laser pointer was aimed at Bills holder Colton Schmidt just before an unsuccessful 50-yard field goal attempt in the third quarter. Kicker Dan Carpenter was upset after the kick, talking to a referee until officials told him to return to the sideline. WIVB TV reported that the referee could be seen mouthing the words “No, I didn’t see it” to Carpenter.
In a post-game press conference, Bills coach Doug Marrone said the issue was resolved before the end of the game. He characterized the laser incident as less of a distraction and more of a motivator for Carpenter, who won the game with a successful 58-yard field goal with four seconds left to play.
Also after the game, Carpenter declined to say if the laser pointer affected Schmidt’s hold on the third-quarter try. Schmidt said “Definitely not something you know, you prepare for. The refs are part of the game and the fans are part of the game, but to get something else thrown into that mix, it’s a lot tougher, especially on the road.”
During the fourth quarter of the game, Bills quarterback Kyle Orton also said he had a laser pointer aimed at him: “Early on I felt it a couple of times right after I got the ball, so I communicated with the refs and with coach Marrone and let him handle that.”
A six-second Vine video shows a green laser pointer going across Orton’s face, directly over his right eye:
Click for the animated Vine video, from Prescott Rossi
Just after throwing an incomplete pass, Buffalo Bills QB Kyle Orton turns to an official and tells him a laser had been aimed at his eyes.
The Bills filed a complaint with National Football League security officials. An NFL spokesperson said the league had no specific information because they had not yet heard from their Detroit security representative.
The Detroit Lions released a statement saying "We are aware of the reports from today's game involving the use of a laser, and we have been in contact with NFL security regarding this issue. Lasers are a prohibited item at Ford Field. While Ford Field security was unable to identify anyone using a laser at today's game, any future occurrence will be dealt with accordingly."
The NFL, in a separate statement, said “If the person is identified, they will be reported to law enforcement.”
A Lions fan on Twitter using the handle @MarkoBeslach tweeted at 10:53 am -- hours before the game -- “You see a green light on any of the bills players just laugh cause it's me”. After the game, he posted “Got Kyle Orton complained to the ref when I got him with the laser”. The Twitter account was later taken down.
The first tweet was sent 19 hours before this screenshot was taken -- before the game -- and the second was taken 13 hours later -- after the game.
The day after the game, a Facebook page called “NFL Ban Marko Beslach” was started. It contains a screenshot of the tweets, and a picture of a youth who is claimed to be Beslach.
Jamie Edmonds from Detroit’s WDIV-TV reported, “Now, there is a person in Metro Detroit named Marko Beslach who I found, I contacted; that person didn’t contact me back. But if he is the guy, and it was easy enough for me to get in contact with him, you would think the NFL and the police would get in contact with him and see what they could do about this. Maybe no more NFL games for him in general, let alone at [Detroit’s] Ford Field.”
From ESPN here and here, FOX Sports, Syracuse.com, BuffaloBills.com, the Detroit Free Press, and BuffaloRumblings.com. Buffalo TV station WIBV.com has a video showing the laser very briefly on Schmidt’s knee, as well as Orton’s incomplete pass and subsequent complaint to the referee. Detroit station WDIV also has a video report, focusing more on finding the perpetrator.
UPDATED - October 8 2014: A “leading ophthalmologist and retinal specialist” told USA Today on October 7 that laser pointers “are weapons; powerful weapons that can cause very serious damage and blindness. They are much more powerful than anyone appreciates.” He is seeking to make intentional shining a felony. More on the USA Today story and ophthalmologist Robert Josephberg is here.
UPDATED - October 9 2014: The Detroit Lions announced they located the perpetrator, who was reported by ESPN to be “Mark Beslach.” The fan will be banned indefinitely from future games and faces a disorderly conduct charge (a misdemeanor). In addition, the person who provided tickets will have his remaining five 2014 season tickets revoked. More at this LaserPointerSafety.com story.
UPDATED - October 10 2014: News source MLive.com reported that the father of the laser-wielding youth has asked for police protection due to harassment from Buffalo Bills fans. Details are in this LaserPointerSafety.com story.
UPDATED - June 29 2015: Marko Beslach in November 2014 pleaded guilty to a misdemeanor charge of disorderly conduct. He was fined $235, had to do 80 hours of community service, and was given a one-year suspended sentence. He will have his case reviewed November 23 2015. From the Detroit Free Press.
Tags: US, Michigan, Football, Sports, Laser lout, Color: Green, Unknown perpetrator
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Pennsylvania Rep. Chaka Fattah convicted in racketeering case
U.S. Rep. Chaka Fattah was found guilty Tuesday of racketeering, fraud, money laundering and other counts.
(Matt Rourke / Associated Press)
Reporting from PHILADELPHIA —
A veteran Pennsylvania congressman was convicted Tuesday in a racketeering case that largely centered on various efforts to repay an illegal $1 million campaign loan related to his unsuccessful 2007 mayoral bid.
U.S. Rep. Chaka Fattah was found guilty of all counts against him, including racketeering, fraud and money laundering. His lawyers had argued that the schemes were engineered without Fattah’s knowledge by two political consultants who pleaded guilty in the case.
The 59-year-old Democrat had been in Congress since 1995 and served on the powerful House Appropriations Committee. But he lost the April primary and his bid for his 12th term. His current term ends Jan. 2.
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Fattah had little reaction to the verdict, but he kept a smile on his face as he conferred with his lawyers afterward.
He will remain free on bail. A judge set sentencing for Oct. 4.
Fattah told reporters as he was leaving the courtroom: “Well, it’s a tough day, but I do want to thank the jurors for their service.” He said he will confer with his lawyers on the next step.
Prosecutors said Fattah routed federal grant money and nonprofit funds through his consultants to pay back the illegal loan.
His wife, Philadelphia TV news anchor Renee Chenault-Fattah, took a leave after her husband’s indictment and then quit in February. She was cited in the case over the sham sale of her Porsche, which prosecutors said was a bribe. But she never was charged with any wrongdoing, and she said the sale was legitimate.
In a related case, his son, Chaka “Chip” Fattah Jr., was convicted on charges of bank and tax fraud and sentenced in February to five years in prison. A jury found he took part in a scheme as a subcontractor to defraud the Philadelphia school district.
NEWSLETTER: Get the day’s top headlines from Times Editor Davan Maharaj »
Justice Department lawyer Jonathan Kravis said in his closing argument that Chaka Fattah Sr. used federal grants and nonprofit funds to enrich his family and friends.
Defense lawyers acknowledged Fattah might have gotten himself in financial trouble after a costly mayoral bid, but they said any help from friends amounted to gifts, not bribes.
Many of them came from co-defendant Herbert Vederman, a wealthy friend who had dreams of scoring an ambassadorship. U.S. Sen. Bob Casey, a Democrat, testified that he never took the pitch from Fattah too seriously, even though Fattah once bent the president’s ear about it. Democrat Ed Rendell, a former mayor and governor, was called to defend Vederman, his former deputy mayor. He said Vederman was qualified for the job and accused prosecutors of cynically misreading the help he lent Fattah.
Vederman helped support Fattah’s South African nanny and paid $18,000 for a Porsche owned by Fattah’s TV anchor wife.
“The nanny, the Porsche and the Poconos, they weren’t part of a bribery scheme,” Fattah lawyer Samuel Silver argued in closings. “Those were all overreaches by the prosecution.”
The campaign loan was just one of several schemes prosecutors outlined during the trial. They say Fattah was aided in his endeavors by current and former staffers who ran his district office or the nonprofits; by Vederman, who now lives in Palm Beach, Fla.; and by political consultants Greg Naylor and Thomas Lindenfeld, who pleaded guilty.
The other co-defendants are Bonnie Bowser of Philadelphia, who ran his district office; Karen Nicholas of Williamstown, N.J., who ran the education nonprofit Fattah started; and Robert Brand of Philadelphia, a businessman married to a former Fattah staffer. The jury on Tuesday came back with a mixed verdict for them.
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See what Lebanon County looks like from above
Photos taken from above in 2017 give a very different perspective of the communities that make up Lebanon County.
See what Lebanon County looks like from above Photos taken from above in 2017 give a very different perspective of the communities that make up Lebanon County. Check out this story on ldnews.com: https://www.ldnews.com/story/news/2019/01/17/see-what-lebanon-county-looks-like-above-aerial-photos/2605921002/
Staff report Published 2:39 p.m. ET Jan. 17, 2019
Photos: Aerial tour of Lebanon County
A farm in Lebanon County pictured on Wednesday, July 5, 2017. Jeremy Long, Lebanon Daily News
A farmer's field in the northern part of Lebanon County pictured on Wednesday, July 5, 2017. Jeremy Long, Lebanon Daily News
Jonestown pictured on Wednesday, July 5, 2017. Jeremy Long, Lebanon Daily News
The Greater Lebanon Refuse Authority landfill pictured on Wednesday, July 5, 2017. Jeremy Long, Lebanon Daily News
A view of Lebanon looking east near West Lebanon Township pictured on Wednesday, July 5, 2017. Jeremy Long, Lebanon Daily News
A view of downtown Lebanon pictured on Wednesday, July 5, 2017. Jeremy Long, Lebanon Daily News
Lebanon High School pictured on Wednesday, July 5, 2017. Jeremy Long, Lebanon Daily News
The Lebanon Veterans Association hospital pictured on Wednesday, July 5, 2017. Lebanon VA Jeremy Long, Lebanon Daily News
A farmer works his fields in the southern part of Lebanon County pictured on Wednesday, July 5, 2017. Jeremy Long, Lebanon Daily News
Cows in a pasture pictured on Wednesday, July 5, 2017. Jeremy Long, Lebanon Daily News
Farmers work their field in the eastern portion of Lebanon County pictured on Wednesday, July 5, 2017. Jeremy Long, Lebanon Daily News
A view into Lebanon looking west pictured on Wednesday, July 5, 2017. Jeremy Long, Lebanon Daily News
A Greble's U-Pull it junkyard pictured on Wednesday, July 5, 2017. Jeremy Long, Lebanon Daily News
The new Bell & Evans hatchery and Earl Wenger Field pictured on Wednesday, July 5, 2017. Jeremy Long, Lebanon Daily News
The water tower at Bell & Evans pictured on Wednesday, July 5, 2017. Jeremy Long, Lebanon Daily News
Farm animals in a field in Bethel Township pictured on Wednesday, July 5, 2017. Jeremy Long, Lebanon Daily News
A view of Jonestown pictured on Wednesday, July 5, 2017. Jeremy Long, Lebanon Daily News
A view of Jonestown looking northwest pictured on Wednesday, July 5, 2017. Jeremy Long, Lebanon Daily News
Route 72 near Mountville Drive looking south pictured on Wednesday, July 5, 2017. Jeremy Long, Lebanon Daily News
A corn maze near Sycamore Spring Orchard pictured on Wednesday, July 5, 2017. Jeremy Long, Lebanon Daily News
A farmer works in his field pictured on Wednesday, July 5, 2017. Jeremy Long, Lebanon Daily News
A view of Cleona looking west pictured on Wednesday, July 5, 2017. Jeremy Long, Lebanon Daily News
Lebanon Valley Mall pictured on Wednesday, July 5, 2017. Jeremy Long, Lebanon Daily News
Swiss Premium Dairy pictured on Wednesday, July 5, 2017. Jeremy Long, Lebanon Daily News
A view of North Cornwall Township pictured on Wednesday, July 5, 2017. Jeremy Long, Lebanon Daily News
A view of the southside of Lebanon City looking north pictured on Wednesday, July 5, 2017. Jeremy Long, Lebanon Daily News
The Wellspan Good Samaritan Hospital pictured on Wednesday, July 5, 2017. Jeremy Long, Lebanon Daily News
pictured on Wednesday, July 5, 2017. Jeremy Long, Lebanon Daily News
Middle Creek Wildlife Refuge Area pictured on Wednesday, July 5, 2017. Jeremy Long, Lebanon Daily News
Pennsy Supply in South Lebanon Township pictured on Wednesday, July 5, 2017. Jeremy Long, Lebanon Daily News
PPL Ironwood (formerly AES Ironwood) pictured on Wednesday, July 5, 2017. Jeremy Long, Lebanon Daily News
Beagle training grounds in pictured on Wednesday, July 5, 2017. Jeremy Long, Lebanon Daily News
Interstate 78 pictured on Wednesday, July 5, 2017. Jeremy Long, Lebanon Daily News
The PetSmart warehouse pictured on Wednesday, July 5, 2017. Jeremy Long, Lebanon Daily News
The Dollar General warehouse pictured on Wednesday, July 5, 2017. Jeremy Long, Lebanon Daily News
Warehouses pictured on Wednesday, July 5, 2017. Jeremy Long, Lebanon Daily News
Warehouse pictured on Wednesday, July 5, 2017. Jeremy Long, Lebanon Daily News
Warehouses in Bethel Township pictured on Wednesday, July 5, 2017. Jeremy Long, Lebanon Daily News
A view of Fredericksburg pictured on Wednesday, July 5, 2017. Jeremy Long, Lebanon Daily News
If you have a few minutes, take this aerial tour of Lebanon County through a gallery we first published two years ago.
Read or Share this story: https://www.ldnews.com/story/news/2019/01/17/see-what-lebanon-county-looks-like-above-aerial-photos/2605921002/
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The Krapivins are the main characters of the new TV-series. The head of the family Sergey Krapivin works as an investigator in the city prosecutor's office. He doesn’t only do routine paperwork but takes an active part in criminal investigations. At work, he’s a tough and relentless cop who puts the law above anything else!
His wife Tamara is Deputy Chief of the Moscow P.D.'s Homicide Division. Just like her husband, when it comes to work, she is a real pro known for her incisive mind and quick wits. However, she’s capable of taking risks even if it sometimes means breaking a few rules. In her opinion, bringing justice to victims is much more important than following the letter of the law.
This difference of opinions is the main reason for quarrels in the Krapivin family. However, they only clash over domestic chores. Despite his stern exterior and reservedness, Sergey is a devoted husband and a loving father, who also knows his way around the kitchen. And Tamara is a people's person who enjoys hanging out in crowded places. She’s also a bit of a slob and does not like doing the housework.
Each episode tells a complete story of one crime or several crimes. For example, the detectives investigate the mysterious death of a businessman in a strip club, or the "accidental" death of a random streetwalker who got hit by a stray bullet, or an attack on CIT guards, or the ritual murder of a pregnant fortuneteller...
Not only will the viewers follow the investigation storylines, but exciting characters’ arches, the evolution of their relationship, quarrels, office affairs and comedy situations
Julia Yablonskaya
Sergey Murzin
Valentin Smirnitsky
Dmitry Blokhin
Yuri Yafaev
Anton Kukushkin
Mikhail Bogdasarov
Stanislav Egerev
Vitaly Konevtsov
Ivan Malyutin
Olga Gurova
Vera Cher
Yulia Matsuk
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Seraphim Angels: Burning With Passion for God
An Introduction To Angels
All About Miracles
Famous Archangels
Other Religions Angels and Miracles
The Seraphim Angelic Choir Praises and Worships God in Heaven
An ancient painting of a seraph. Public Domain
by Whitney Hopler
Whitney Hopler has written on faith topics since 1994. She is communications director for the Center for Advancement of Well-Being at George Mason University.
The seraphim are the closest angels to God. They focus on praising and worshiping God for who he is and what he does, and they spend most of their time directly in God's presence in heaven.
Seraphim Angels Celebrating Holiness
Seraphim celebrate God's holiness and the joy of experiencing God's pure love by leading worship in heaven. They constantly speak and sing about their love for God. The Bible and Torah describe seraphim with wings flying around God's throne while calling out: "Holy, holy, holy is the Lord God Almighty. The whole Earth is full of His glory."
The angels who are part of the seraphim praise God's perfect mix of truth and love and reflect the divine energies of justice and compassion from the Creator to the creation.
Burning With Passionate Love
The word "seraphim" is derived from the Hebrew word saraph, which means "to burn." Seraphim angels burn with passion for God that ignites the fiery love that emanates from them. The Bible and Torah describe love as "a blazing fire, like a mighty flame" (Song of Solomon 8:6). As the seraphim absorb God's pure and radiant love while spending time in God's presence, completely enveloped by the powerful light of love.
One of the sacred texts in Kabbalah, the Sefer Yetzirah, says that seraphim angels live near God's throne in a place called Beriyah, which is full of fiery energy.
Famous Archangels Among the Seraphim
The archangels who help lead the seraphim are Seraphiel, Michael, and Metatron. Seraphiel focuses the most on directing the seraphim; Michael and Metatron help while also fulfilling their other duties (Michael as the leader of all the holy angels, and Metatron as God's chief record-keeper).
Seraphiel stays in heaven, leading other seraph angels in constantly praising God through music and chanting.
Michael often travels between heaven and earth fulfilling his duties as the angel in charge of all of God's holy angels. Michael, the angel of fire, fights evil anywhere in the universe with the greater power of good and empowers human beings to break free of fear and develop a stronger faith.
Metatron works mostly in heaven, keeping the universe's official records. He and the other angels he supervises record everything that anyone in history has ever thought, said, written, or done.
Fiery Light, Six Wings, and Many Eyes
Seraphim angels are glorious, exotic creatures. Religious texts describe them as radiating brilliant light like flames of fire. Each seraph has six wings, in pairs that serve different purposes: they use two wings to cover their faces (shielding them from becoming overwhelmed by looking directly at God's glory), two wings to cover their feet (symbolizing their humble respect for and submission to God), and two wings to fly around God's throne in heaven (representing the freedom and joy the come from worshiping God). The seraphim's bodies are covered with eyes on all sides, so they can constantly watch God in action.
Constantly Serving
The seraphim are always serving God; they never stop. When the apostle John described seraphim in Revelation 4:8 of the Bible, he wrote: "Day and night they never stop saying: "'Holy, holy, holy is the Lord God Almighty, who was, and is, and is to come."
While seraphim angels do most of their work in heaven, they sometimes do visit Earth on special, God-given missions. The seraph who does the most work on Earth is Michael, who is often engaged in spiritual battles that involve human beings.
Few people have seen seraphs appear in their heavenly form on Earth, but seraphs have manifested in their heavenly glory occasionally during Earth's history. The most famous account of a seraph in heavenly form interacting with a person comes from the year 1224 when Saint Francis of Assisi encountered a seraph who gave him stigmata wounds as he was praying about what Jesus Christ experienced on the cross.
Meet Archangel Seraphiel, Angel of Purification
Angel Types in Judaism
Angel Types in Christianity
How Does the Prophet Isaiah Act in the Presence of Angels and God?
Why Do Angels Have Wings and What Do They Symbolize?
Meet Archangel Metatron, Angel of Life
Chayot Ha Kodesh Angels
How Does Archangel Haniel Take Enoch to Heaven?
Meet Archangel Sandalphon, the Angel of Music
The Sefer Raziel, the Book of Angel Secrets
Who Are Cherubim Angels and What Is Their Role in Spirituality?
How to Recognize Archangel Metatron
What the Bible Says About Angels
Who Is Archangel Selaphiel?
Who Was the Angel Who Guided Moses During the Exodus?
How Did an Angel Expel Adam and Eve From the Garden?
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Legendary Dartmoor The many aspects past and present of Dartmoor
Xplorations
Home / Dartmoor Places / Buttern Hill
Buttern Hill
Tim Sandles May 10, 2018 Dartmoor Places Leave a comment 2,553 Views
Buttern Hill, probably one of the lesser Dartmoor locations to get onto anyones ‘bucket list’ but nevertheless there are plenty of landscape features to behold along with some wide ranging views from its summit. The actual origin of the place-name may well give a clue to some of those landscape features both prehistoric and historic. Harold Fox considered that the first element of the place-name has derived from the Anglo Saxon word butere which means ‘butter’. Which when it’s followed by the topographical word – hill – basically gives us ‘Butter Hill’ or ‘Hill of Butter’. I recall that back in the 1970s/80s the European Union had a ‘Butter Mountain’ which was literally stores of surplus butter, however in the case of Buttern Hill this was not and is not a huge stack of butter although the name does allude to butter. In Dartmoor terms (and indeed nationally) the place-name suggests rich pasture which when grazed by dairy cows produces good butter. There is another version which argues that such a name refers to a place where butter was made but it is highly unlikely that butter was ever made in the open air of a hillside, especially when several farms lie nearby to the east of the hill. p.151. Or you could settle for another idea, that being as Grumley-Grennan and Hardy suggested when talking about Buttern farm: “The name ‘Buttern’ derives from ‘outer’ and an acceptable nomenclature would be Outer Farm on Outer Hill, ” p.134. – don’t think so somehow.
The highest point of Buttern Hill stands at 413 metres and is crowned by a cluster of rocks which Crossing refers to as ‘Buttern Tor’, p.65., additionally he also mentions the fact that; “to which the name of ‘The Cuckoo Stone’ has been given, p.236. On the these summit rocks the partly finished work of a stone cutter can be seen in the form of a forlorn and abandoned millstone. Why it was never completed will remain a mystery throughout time immemorial. There is also the rusted remains of a tethering ring (see HERE), where as Hemery informs us that it was a moorman from Buttern Farm used to tie up his pony/horse whilst he ventured further into the moor on foot. On the western ridge top of the summit is a 3.5 metre tapering standing stone with no apparent explanation. The English Heritage Pastscape Record for the stone suggests this is a post-medieval boundary marker of some kind. Another feature of the hill was once the presence of a trig point which now only exists as a mark on the old OS maps as can be seen on the map below marking the height of 1,375 ft.
As with much of Dartmoor’s remoter locations it is sometimes easy to imagine that you are the first person to set upon their soils but don’t be fooled the chances are that someone has been there way, way before you. Buttern Hill is such a place and the field evidence suggests that someone was treading on what was then hallowed ground some 5,000 years ago. Just to the east of the Square Pound the OS maps ( SX6567 8855) show that there are the remnants of a chambered cairn. This ritual burial feature has been dated to the Neolithic period and basically consisted of a stone built chamber of stones within a mound of stones (cairn). Today was the cairn stands to just over half a metre tall and the actual chamber itself is now represented by five orthostats and at the entrance by a further two (see HERE). The evidence of a leat may well suggest that some damage had been caused to the feature by its construction in more recent years. Some 450 metres NNE of this chambered cairn is a second one located at OS grid reference SX 6586 8895. In this instance “The cairn mound measures 26 metres long and 9 metres wide and stands up to 1 metre high. Several set stones at the western end of the mound represent the remains of a passage leading towards a chamber.” Butler, p. 157.
Tor, Huts and Cirde
Look on any OS map and you will see a number of hut circles dotted around the lower eastern and northerly slopes along with their associated field systems and reaves. These would have been the settlements of Bronze Age people who had decided that this location was ‘prime real estate’. The largest nucleated settlement being that in the farm enclosures centred at OS grid reference SX655 891. There is certainly a convenient nearby water supply in the form of the Forder Brook and if the above theory is correct then there was quality pasturage for grazing their livestock.
As with most prehistoric settlements there will be associated ritual monuments and Buttern Hill proves to be true to form. Probably one of the more notable is the stone circle located at OS grid reference SX 6494 8847. Today when compared with some of Dartmoor’s other stone circles it proves to be disappointing but originally it would have come halfway up the size table. Writing back in 1894 Mr. R. N. Worth wrote: “Though one of the finest, this is certainly the least known of the larger circles on Dartmoor. It is remarkable for occupying a position on low ground, all but at the bottom of a shallow valley westward of Buttern Hill – a circumstance which militates heavily against the ‘sacred’ ides. Most of the stones are fallen – indeed only half-a-dozen are still earthfast; but nearly all the stones are present – if not quite all, and I have counted 36 more or less in place. Some are of considerable size, the longest 6 ft. 9 in., another 5 ft. 8 in. , others between four and five feet. One of the standing stones has a curious top, much resembling the rudely formed head and beak of a bird, but this is evidently natural. The diameter of the circle cannot be taken exactly, as so many of the stones are down – but it was between 80 and 90 feet. There is no trace of a row or associated menhir, but there is a very significant sepulchral fact, in the presence of the remains of a small cairn between five and six yards in from the southern edge.
Throwleigh circle is also noteworthy for having a companion, a short distance on the slope to the westward. The existence of this circle has not been put on record until now, and indeed it might well escape observation, seeing that there are only four certain stones still standing, with possibly a fifth, and that the remainder have disappeared. This circle was clearly not less than 60 feet in diameter. There is a very large block of irregular outline within its limits, which at one time may have stood fully six feet high.” – pp. 303 – 304. As he commented, in 1894 there were six stones still standing with 36 visible. If you visit the monument now there are only 17 stones which are easily detectable of which only 5 stones remain standing at a very diminutive height of o.76 metres within a radius of 24.8 metres. As can be seen from the photograph above one of the standing stones is a very odd shape to say the least – taking on the form of a western saddle’s pommel. With the amount of stone that would have been available in the nearby locality is does seem plausible that this one was especially selected for it appearance – what that might have been is anyones guess? Also noticeable in its absence is the cairn which Worth also mentions along with the second stone circle which was supposedly nearby. The modern day thinking is that; “A number of stones on the hillside do show above the turf but none appear to be artificially arranged.” Butler, p.194.
One slight mystery stems from the words of J. Ll. W. Page who in his book of 1894 wrote: “But it is on the down to the south, known as Endsworthy or Buttern Hill, that buildings of a more common interest will be found. Here is a hut circle having a partition facing the entrance, and traces of what Mr. Ormerod thinks is a chimney. Close at hand is an oblong structure nineteen feet wide divided into three chambers, the centre one having a length of twenty-five feet, flanked by smaller compartments, eleven and seventeen feet long respectively. The writer, whose paper on these remains is illustrated by a ground plan, suggests that the circular dwelling may have been a smelting-house and the rectangular edifice a store for the metal.” pp. 92 -93. It does seem highly unlikely that such a building associated with mining would be located in any of the Ensworthy enclosures? I just wonder whether he had confused Ensworthy with Emsworthy which is located near one-time mining or nearby quarrying activities? But just to confuse matters there is an old photograph on the Dartmoor Archives website which does show an odd looking building supposedly in an Ensworthy enclosure dated 1895 – see HERE. Unfortunately the photograph does not say in which particular enclosure it was taken and the OS grid reference the web page gives is a complete mystery. Certainly there is no evidence of it today and I can find no mention of this building in any of the normal Dartmoor tomes.
If we the jump into our time machine and travel forward to historic times one will see that livestock grazing in this area had continued. Evidence for this can be seen in the form of the ‘Square Pound’. Hemery talks about this saying; “Square Pound, inside which is another ruined hut-circle, was used by the Buttern moormen until recent times for herding sheep and cattle collected from the in-country for depasturage on the Moor; in it, they rested overnight at the end of their long trek and were driven out to the moor the next morning.” p.802. In all likelihood the walls of this pound were constructed from stones robbed from the nearby hut circles hence their ruined condition. Many of the old tracks leading to the ‘Square Pound’ and onto Creaber Pound about half a kilometre distant can be clearly seen on Google earth today.
To end on a ‘sweet note’, you can see at the top of the aerial map there is an enclosure belonging to Great Ensworthy Farm called – ‘Honeypool Corner’. On the 1843 Gidleigh tithe map the enclosure which covered just over an acre was an arable plot called ‘Honeypool’. Just to the west of this enclosure is Honeypool Mire through which the Forder Brook flows and over this spans the Honeypool Bridge. I would suggest that both enclosure and bridge take their names from the mire, so why should it be called so? There are two explanation; firstly that the water flowing from the mire was considered to be ‘sweet’ (as honey) and therefore pleasant to drink or secondly it was once a place where bee hives were once kept and which produced excellent honey. Is it coincidental that you have a ‘sweet’ water source along with rich pasture that will produce lush grazing which eventually provided excellent butter?
Butler, J. 1991. Dartmoor Atlas of Antiquities – Vol. 2. Exeter: Devon Books.
Crossing, W. 1990. Crossing’s Guide to Dartmoor. Newton Abbot: Peninsula Press.
Fox, H. 19902012. Dartmoor’s Alluring Uplands. Exeter: Exeter University Press.
Grumley-Grennan, T & Hardy M. 2000. Gidleigh – A Dartmoor Village. Gidleigh: Glebe Publishing.
Hemery, E. 1983. High Dartmoor. London: Robert Hale.
Page, J. Ll. W. 1895. An Exploration of Dartmoor. London: Seeley & Co.
Worth, R. N. 1894. The Stone Rows of Dartmoor. Transactions of the Devonshire Association, Vol. XXV1. Plymouth: William Brendon & Son.
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Hildegard Elisabeth Anderson
Graveside services will be at Memorial Park Cemetery on Tuesday, August 28, 2018 at 11:15 am
Memorial Park Cemetery
Memorials:
A memorial fund is being established
Hildegard “Hilde” Elisabeth Anderson, was born September 28, 1924, daughter of Heinrich and Elisabeth Licht Hofmann in Mainz Weisenau, West Germany.
Hilde graduated from high school, and attended two years further education in West Germany.
Hilde married Warner Wittman March of 1943; they later divorced. Hilde married Alfred Jungweber March 14, 1953 in Mainz Kastel, West Germany; they later divorced. She married Earl "Andy" Anderson March 7, 1975 in Waterloo; he preceded her in death on January 23, 2012.
Hilde worked housekeeping for Covenant Medical Center for 37 years, finally retiring in 2011 at the age of 87. She was of the Catholic faith and she enjoyed crocheting and knitting.
Hilde died August 24, 2018 at New Aldaya Lifescapes at the age of 93. She is preceded in death by her parents, spouse, a daughter Gudrun Jungweber and a sister Ruth Wuehr. Hilde is survived by a daughter, Ursula (William) Love of Port Byron, IL, son, Werner (Rebecca) Wittmann of North Port, FL, daughter, Christa Good of Waterloo, IA, son, Robert (Christie) Jungweber of Cedar Falls, IA, son, Tony (Amy) Jungweber of Des Moines, IA, and numerous great and great-great grandchildren, two sisters, Marga (Clarence) Kirchoff of Waterloo and Ellen Ehlert of Sumner, IA and a brother, Heinz (Sharon) Hofmann of Waterville, IA.
Click here to send a private message to the family.
Lezlie Shull | Aug 28, 2018
My deepest condolences to Hilda's family and friends. I pray that God blesses and comforts you...
Mein tiefstes Beileid an Hildas Familie und Freunde. Ich bete, dass Gott dich segnet und tröstet ...
Peggy | Aug 25, 2018
sorry for your loss, Rev.21:4 gives us a wonderful hope. Condolences to the family.
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Light Work offers basic subscriptions to Contact Sheet as well as book and print level subscriptions, in which you can select a book or print to receive along with the publication. Please make your selection based on your preferred subscription level. Your subscription directly supports Light Work’s programs, including our residencies, exhibitions, publications, and more. Thank you!
Yoshinori Mizutani
Yusurika 064, 2014
Archival inkjet print, 12 x 8” image on 13 x 9” paper
Edition of 50, signed and numbered by the artist
Yoshinori Mizutani quantity
Categories: Color Prints, Fine Print Program Tags: Abstract, Animals, Color, Contemporary, Landscape
Yoshinori Mizutani’s photographic work explores expressive possibilities that mix the traditions of diaristic and street photography with a conceptual practice. With his bright flash and distinct color palette, Mizutani’s print, Yusurika 064 (2014), captures the natural beauty of a bird in flight through the trees. Mizutani attended the Tokyo College of Photography after graduating from Nihon University College of Economics. He has won a number of prestigious awards that include Foam Talent (2014), Japan Photo Award (2013), and LensCulture Emerging Talents Top 50 (2014). Mizutani has quickly established recognition worldwide, and his international solo exhibitions include Aura Gallery in Beijing, Galerie Au Premier in Switzerland, IBASHO in Belgium, and IMA in Tokyo. amana/IMA photobooks has published four of his books: Tokyo Parrots (2014), Colors (2015), YUSURIKA (2015), and HANON (2016). Mizutani lives and works in Tokyo, Japan.
Carrie Mae Weems (Not Available)
Todd Gray (Not Available)
Tony Gleaton
Angelika Rinnhofer
Ernesto Pujol Xaviera Simmons
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Results 1 - 15 from 3136 in „Shows”
'Opus – German Stage Award' Winners have been Choosen
The winners of the 2018 ‘Opus - German Stage Award’ have now been chosen. The winning projects are ‘THE ONE Grand Show’ in the Friedrichstadt-Palast in Berlin and ‘The Blossom Tour’ by the German pop group Milky Chance. The Opus is awarded annually and honours exceptional achievement in theatre and stage production. The award ceremony will take place on 12 April, as part of Prolight + Sound, the international trade fair of technologies and services for entertainment, integrated systems and creation.
"A Star Is Born" With dLive And German Multimedia Musical
A multimedia Christmas musical, A Star is Born, was one of the performance highlights during the Christmas advent events held at the ZKM Art & Media Centre’s Filmpalast cinema in Karlsruhe, Germany, mixed on an Allen & Heath dLive system.
"Antisocial Network and the Gosejohann Brothers" Goes on Air with MMC Studios
On Monday, August 19th 2013, at 10:15pm, Simon Gosejohann and his brother Thilo appeared in the new comedy show "antisocial network," broadcast by the German channel ProSieben.
"Das Supertalent"- The Grand Finale in MMC's Studio 30/31 in Cologne
On December 16th, 2012, Jean-Michel Aweh (age 20) won the contest and the prize money of 100,000 Euros in the finale of "Das Supertalent", the German edition of "Got Talent". Aweh received 25.39 percent of the audience votes for performing a song that he himself had composed and written.
"Everything we hoped for": grandMA2 for Albany Theatre
London's Albany Theatre has invested in a new grandMA2 ultra-light console to replace their old lighting desk. The Albany in Deptford east London, is a busy producing and receiving house, and one of London's leading performing arts venues to showcase a dynamic and lively range of alternative and new works as well as youth and community based projects. The decision to go with grandMA2 was made by Head of Production Fiona Greenhill and Technical Manager Ben Wallace.
"Gorgeous" Impression X4's Stun Celebs at VMA Awards
Celebrating his fifth year of lighting the MTV Video Music Awards, experienced LD Tom Kenny kept up his pledge of always trying to use new lighting technology in order to animate Florian Wieder’s other-worldly landscape set.
"Let's Spend the Night Together" for Charity
Digital and automated lighting pioneer High End Systems equipment aided an annual event in Austria that kept the artists and the audience alike up much of the night. The benefit concert, “Let’s Spend the Night Together,” was held just days before Christmas in the town of Graz. It featured the coming together of the theatre, Orpheum Graz, promoter Vojo Concerts and event supplier Preworks to financially help those organizations in need with donations from the show.
"Mrs. Greenbird" Wins the "X Factor" Finale
On Sunday November 25th, on commercial channel VOX, the pop duo "Mrs. Greenbird" was voted the 2012 winner of the German edition of "X Factor". The duo received 61.78 percent of the audience votes—and for the first time on "X Factor", the winners performed a song they had written themselves.
"Superkids": MMC Studios Provide Big Stage for the World’s Greatest Little Talents
In a new talent show recorded at the MMC Studios in Cologne, Germany, the commercial TV channel SAT.1 sought “Superkids—the World’s Greatest Little Talents”. In the end, the street-dance crew, PreSkool, won the grand finale, broadcast on 25 September 2015.
100 ClayPaky Xtylos Units For The Highlight Of The Jova Beach Party At Milan Linate
One hundred Claypaky XTYLOS units were used to create the "Il colore del suono" (the color of sound) lighting rig, conceived by the Giò Forma studio and created in conjunction with Claypaky's lighting designer Marco Zucchinali.
1000th Concert of German Band "Die Happy" Features Technospot and Wholehog Consoles
Arcus Lighting, exclusive distributor in Germany for High End Systems, a Barco company, supported "Die Happy" and LD Rolf Wenzel. "Die Happy", a German rock band, played their 1000th concert in Ulm, Germany.
12 Riders, 300 Miles, One Day- The IBC2IBC Charity Ride Is On
On September 3rd a team of determined broadcast industry riders will depart from the offices of IBC in London and will take up the challenge to cycle 300 miles in 24 hours to the RAI in Amsterdam for the IBC Show, the premier event for broadcasters worldwide.
2010 FIFA World Cup™ Kick-Off Gig Free to Air in Europe
The EBU is proud to announce that 41 Members will broadcast the 2010 FIFA World Cup™ Kick-off Celebration Concert. The live concert will be delivered to the widest possible audience the night before the tournament's first match on 10 June at Johannesburg's Orlando Stadium.
2011 MTV EMAs Broadcast Live with Blackmagic Design ATEM
Blackmagic Design today announced that MTV, a division of Viacom International Media Networks, used Blackmagic Design’s ATEM Production Switcher to help broadcast the 2011 MTV EMAs.
2012 iHeartRadio Music Festival with JBL VTX Line Arrays
The 2012 iHeartRadio Music Festival didn’t just repeat itself, it got bigger. For the second year in a row, New York-based Firehouse Productions deployed HARMAN’s JBL line arrays for the festival at the MGM Grand Garden Arena in Las Vegas. Hosted by Ryan Seacrest with performances from top artists including Lil Wayne, Rihanna, Swedish House Mafia, Aerosmith, Mary J. Blige, Bon Jovi, Green Day, Pink!, Usher, Taylor Swift and more, the show closed with Pitbull, joined by Ne-Yo, singing “Give Me Everything.”
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Morning news headlines: David Cameron warning after Syriza win in Greece, Australian PM defends Prince Philip knighthood
The latest news from around the world
Dan KayLive Content Editor
Syriza supporters outside Athens University Headquarters, Sunday, Jan. 25, 2015
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CAMERON WARNING AFTER SYRIZA WIN
The victory of anti-austerity party Syriza in Greece's election will "increase economic uncertainty across Europe", David Cameron has warned.
The Prime Minister's intervention came amid fears the victory for Alexis Tsipras's party will trigger a fresh crisis in the eurozone.
Mr Tsipras has pledged to renegotiate Greece's 240 billion euro (£179 billion) international bailout deal.
MURDER SUSPECT FOUND DEAD IN CELL
An alleged killer accused of murdering two pensioners has been found dead in his prison cell in a suspected suicide.
Leo Barnes from Balsall Heath was on trial for the murders of Cynthia Beamond and Philip Silverstone.
The 33-year-old was found dead in his cell at HMP Hewell in Redditch yesterday morning, West Midlands police said.
ABBOTT DEFENDS PHILIP KNIGHTHOOD
The Australian prime minister has defended his decision to honour the Duke of Edinburgh with a knighthood, despite a social media backlash in which many said they thought the news was a joke.
Tony Abbott faced a barrage of questions on Australia Day, and has been accused of creating a "time warp" by awarding a member of Britain's royal family the country's highest honour.
The 93-year-old Duke has been granted the Knight of the Order of Australia award for a long life of duty and service, Mr Abbott said.
HOAX CALLS TARGET PM AND GCHQ BOSS
A hoax caller who rang GCHQ just hours before a prank call was put through to the Prime Minister has claimed he was high on drink and drugs at the time, described the situation as "hilarious" and said he was going to do it again.
The call to Britain's eavesdropping agency, during which a number for director Robert Hannigan was disclosed, was followed by a hoax call to Downing Street which saw the caller connected to David Cameron.
It is not known if the same person was behind both hoaxes, but the man claiming responsibility for the call to GCHQ rang the Sun newspaper to confess his actions.
ABUSE LEVEL REVEALED BY CLARE'S LAW
The abusive pasts of more than 1,300 violent partners have been revealed under a scheme rolled out nationally less than a year ago, figures obtained by the Press Association have shown.
Clare's Law, named after Clare Wood - who was murdered in 2009 by her ex-boyfriend, allows the police to disclose information about a partner's previous history of domestic violence or violent acts.
Using Freedom of Information laws, the Press Association discovered at least 1,335 disclosures have been made across England and Wales under the law following 3,760 applications for disclosure.
CAMERON PUSHES TAX CUTS AS 'REWARD'
The British people "deserve a reward" after enduring years of austerity, David Cameron will say today as he attempts to woo voters with his promise of tax cuts after the election.
The Conservatives have already announced £7 billion of tax cuts and the Prime Minister will suggest people should be able to keep more of what they earn to spend on a holiday, clothes for their children or a "nice meal out".
He will warn that Labour and the Liberal Democrats are the "enemies of aspiration" because their plans for the next parliament would involve tax rises.
'MORATORIUM NEEDED' OVER FRACKING
A moratorium on fracking is needed amid concerns over local environmental risks and climate change, a committee of MPs has demanded.
The cross-party Environmental Audit Committee (EAC) warned extensive production of unconventional shale gas, which is extracted through the controversial process of fracking, is not compatible with the UK's goals to cut greenhouse gas emissions.
The committee also called for fracking to be "prohibited outright" in protected areas such as national parks, areas of outstanding natural beauty and ancient woodlands, and banned in all water source protection zones, which feed drinking water aquifers.
£10M PLAN AIMS TO RECRUIT MORE GPS
Health leaders have announced a £10 million investment as part of a plan to recruit and retain more doctors.
The NHS England funding will be used to develop a range of initiatives to boost GP numbers and develop the role of other primary care staff such as nurses and pharmacists.
Newly trained doctors will be offered incentives to work in sectors that are struggling to recruit by offering them a further year of training in areas such as paediatrics, psychiatry, dermatology, emergency medicine and public health.
HEALTH TALKS RESUME TO AVERT STRIKE
Talks aimed at averting a strike by health workers over pay are to resume, just days before the walkout is due to go ahead.
Union leaders will meet with officials from the Health Department following a series of talks last week, with little sign of a breakthrough in the bitter dispute over the Government's refusal to pay a recommended 1% wage rise to all NHS staff.
Ambulance members of the GMB union in England and Northern Ireland are set to strike for 24 hours from 0001 on Thursday, while other health workers will take action for 12 hours from midday.
JAPAN SHOCKED BY NEW 'IS VIDEO'
From the prime minister to ordinary people, Japanese were shocked at a video purportedly showing one of two Japanese hostages of the extremist Islamic State (IS) group had been killed.
With attention focused on efforts to save the other hostage, some also criticised Prime Minister Shinzo Abe's drive for a more assertive Japan as responsible for the crisis.
A sombre Mr Abe appeared on public broadcaster NHK early yesterday demanding the militants release 47-year-old journalist Kenji Goto unharmed.
Paddy McGuinness'Drunk' Paddy McGuinness told to go to bed by stunned Holly WilloughbyThe star had been partying late into the night
Belle ValeMum who thought son's snoring was due to swollen tonsils given devastating diagnosisCharlie Millier, eight, was given the devastating news after his mum took him to the doctors for his snoring
Love IslandLove Island fans can't believe how old Rebecca Gormley really isLove Island fans were in disbelief as Rebecca's date scenes aired and they learnt how old she is
University of LiverpoolBaffled library worker forced to explain what students were using slice of cheese forThe strange find at the university library led to an awkward conversation with pest control
EmmerdaleITV Emmerdale fans confused as new episode 'repeats itself'Tonight's episode started the same way as Monday's - but there's a simple explanation
Traffic and TravelMan dies and HGV driver arrested after crash closes East Lancs for entire dayA 54-year-old woman is also in hospital in serious condition after the lorry crashed into the car she was travelling in
Strictly Come DancingGemma Atkinson left furious with daughter's first wordThe former Emmerdale star revealed her daughter's first words didn't turn out to be what she had hoped for
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Everton FC manager Roberto Martinez says he will never compromise his footballing style
Blues boss admires Arsene Wenger for sticking to his guns
Arsenal manager Arsene Wenger (R) and Everton manager Roberto Martinez
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They're two of football’s purists but Roberto Martinez believes the unwavering commitment from Arsene Wenger and himself to the way the game should be played highlights their principled nature rather than stubbornness.
Even Manchester United boss Louis van Gaal has been accused of playing long ball football this season but despite pressure from certain elements of their support base, you won’t find the managers of Everton or Arsenal sacrificing their dedicated mantra for short-term gain.
The affable and articulate Martinez is often a man of many words but when you ask him if he’s ever been tempted to waver at from his football philosophy, his reply is but a single utterance: “Never.”
Patient passing has always been the order of the day for the Catalan who said: “I believe the way the game should be played is in a specific manner.
“Then it’s just making sure you achieve perfection with that way of playing. It’s not about changing systems or ways of playing, or philosophies. I don’t believe in that.
“Long-term success comes from being very good in what you do. To do that you need to be very clear in the way you want to play and find perfection with it. I don’t think you can do that if you keep changing and bringing doubts.”Although his style evolved during his 11-year reign at Goodison, Martinez’s predecessor David Moyes could be described as a classic ‘percentages man’ but such an approach could never satisfy the current Blues boss.
When describing his approach, Martinez said: “Taking risks, and getting on the ball and relying on the talent of the players to score goals rather than systems and dead ball situations, keeping clean sheets and not taking risks. And I don’t believe in that.”
Martinez believes that all managers should be clear about how they intend to play the game whether it tallies with his own particular approach or not and that is a quality he admires in Wenger.
He said: “Even if your football style is a complete opposite one I think in football when you are a manager and you set a bit of direction you need to be stubborn with what you want to achieve otherwise if you don’t give clarity.
“You allow the group to have doubts. It’s not that my philosophy needs to be stubborn. Any philosophy needs someone to give you that direction in a stubborn manner otherwise there is no direction."
The Premier League is the best league in the world because of the variation in styles
The contrasting fortunes of Everton’s season that have seen them simultaneously impress on the European stage on a regular basis while flatter to deceive in the Premier League draw comparisons with Martinez’s final campaign at Wigan Athletic when he guided them to FA Cup success coupled with relegation.
While the 41-year-old reckons that while the big prizes in the game can only be secured by playing football in what he would deem to be the correct fashion, he believes that too many young managers are being put off from taking a more cultured approach because a more direct style can help to secure survival.
He said: “Unfortunately you get too many managers achieving success with another type of football.
“You can analyse teams over history, and there are parasite teams.
“The Premier League is the best league in the world because of the variation in styles.
“There are certain styles that guarantee you 40 points, that’s success.
“Unfortunately you have other young managers trying to play the right way and they get relegated.
“Football is not right in those moments.”
Martinez added: “I am sure those that play percentage football they will get people who say ‘we should play good football’ and they need to be stubborn as well.
“I don’t think you can get away with not being stubborn in what you want to do. I don’t think that goes down to the style.
“But I think in terms of football, not every brave teams who says ‘come on give me the ball I’ll break you down, I’ll take responsibility’ get the results they deserve.
“Too many times you see a team that go for being a parasite, give you the ball, defend, be destructive and unfortunately they get results. They don’t win titles though, there’s a big difference.”
Martinez dismisses critics who have hit out at Wenger for not winning a Premier League title in over a decade, pointing to Arsenal’s amazing consistency of qualifying for the Champions League for 17 consecutive seasons with Everton’s club record Premier League points tally still not enough to usurp them last term.
He said: “Arsene Wenger won the FA Cup last season. He’s had the fourth or fifth largest budget in the Premier League and he gets top four every season. That’s an achievement.
“Would I pay to watch them? Yes, absolutely. I would. 100%.
“That’s where it goes down to beliefs and the way and how many players he has developed.
“The other system doesn’t develop players. It’s the opposite – every two years they burn players. They need new players and they need new players to do things players don’t enjoy doing.”
Love IslandLove Island fans can't believe how old Rebecca Gormley really is
Love Island fans were in disbelief as Rebecca's date scenes aired and they learnt how old she is
EuromillionsEuroMillions results and winning numbers LIVE for Wednesday January 21Winning EuroMillions and Thunderball numbers for the Wednesday January 21 draw
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Football Echoes: Double joy for Liverpool FC over Gerrard gong & cup final spot
April 24: Barcelona linked with sensational swoop for Fowler
John Arne Riise celebrates after scoring for Liverpool against Chelsea PIC BRADLEY ORMESHER.
Liverpool were enjoying a double celebration a decade ago as they reached the FA Cup final by overcoming old foe Jose Mourinho's Chelsea while captain Steven Gerrard was named PFA Player of the Year.
The Reds triumphed 2-1 at Old Trafford to set up a Millennium Stadium showdown with West Ham United – we all remember what happened there – and Benitez was thrilled over his skipper's personal accolade.
He said: “I congratulate Steven, because I know this is a very important award for all the players in England.
“It means a lot because it's the players he faces in the Premiership every week who voted for him.
“He fully deserves it because of his performances for the club. He works very hard and everyone knows what a fantastic player he is.”
The Spaniard added: “I know it will mean even more to Steven to win another trophy with his team-mates at the end of this season.”
Liverpool's Steven Gerrard poses with the PFA Player of the Year Award Photo by David Davies/Pool/Getty Images
Following the previous year's triumph in the Champions League, Chris Bascombe of the ECHO enjoyed a second semi-final success over the Londoners in as many seasons by laying into opposition boss Jose Mourinho, whom he claimed had adopted a 7-1-2 formation.
Goals from John Arne Riise (21) and Luis Garcia (53) put the Reds in control before Didier Drogba's consolation 20 minutes from full time and Bascombe said: “If only every clash with Chelsea was a semi-final.
“Jose Mourinho showed all the symptoms of severe Liver Bird flu after being outwitted by Rafa Benitez for the second April in succession.
“When a manager suggests Graham Poll's bias toward Liverpool is the reason for his team's defeat, it really is time to give the men in white coats his contact details.
“But enough about the deluded Portuguese man of bore. This was Liverpool's day.”
Top of the charts: Crazy by Gnarls Barkley
Long before Barcelona boasted an attacking trio of Lionel Messi, Luis Suarez and Neymar, the Catalan giants were targeting Liverpool goal machine Robbie Fowler 20 years ago today.
Ric George exclusively revealed that Barca were poised to make a sensational swoop for the Kop idol, who would go on to net 36 goals that season.
Camp Nou chiefs placed the Toxteth poacher on the top of their wish list – along with Manchester United's Ryan Giggs – after blowing their La Liga title chances with a 3-1 home defeat to leaders Atletico Madrid.
Robbie Fowler celebrates scoring for Liverpool
The season was ending badly for Barca with a UEFA Cup exit to Bayern Munich eight days earlier while they had also been beaten by Atletico Madrid in the Copa del Rey final.
Coach Johan Cruyff was desperate to boost his side's firepower with leading scorer Meho Kodro boasting just nine League goals.
As it happened, the iconic Dutchman was out of the door come the summer and Fowler of course stayed put at Anfield for a further five years.
Top of the charts: Return of the Mack by Mark Morrison
Liverpool were handed a boost though as Steve Nicol came through Scotland's game against England at Wembley unscathed.
As the Reds closed in on a League and FA Cup double, the Anfield treatment room had been getting crowded with Alan Hansen, Jan Molby, Mark Lawrenson, Jim Beglin, Steve McMahon, Gary Gillespie and player-manager Kenny Dalglish all sidelined.
Steve Nicol, Liverpool
Regarding the sick bay, Dalglish quipped: “We've been talking about getting and extension added.
“John Wark's in plaster, but we might even have to wheel him out against Birmingham.”
Top of the charts: A Different Corner by George Michael
Although they didn't have a game, Liverpool's title hopes hung in the balance with one match left of the Division One season with the Reds needing a point at Wolves.
Michael Charters was building up the tension saying: “The great title battle is not over yet. QPR climbed a point above Liverpool at the top after beating Leeds United 2-0 at Loftus Road in a tension-charged match...
“The eyes of the football world were focused today on Loftus Road in this thrilling finale to a magnificent season.
“Leeds gave everything they had in an attempt to clinch a UEFA Cup place next season but QPR, strong favourites for the title in the build-up to Easter, held them to run out winners.
“Everything depends on the game at Wolves, and there is more than Liverpool's title ambitions resting on the result and Wolves will be fighting like mad to stay in the First Division that night.”
Bob Paisley's men would go on to triumph with a 3-1 success at Molineux to take top spot with the defeat condemning the Black Country outfit to the drop.
Top of the charts: Save Your Kisses For Me by Brotherhood of Man
Kenny Dalglish
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In Pictures: Uncovering The Beds Of Ancient Humans
By System Administrator 2011-12-08T20:00:35Z
Excavated sleeping mats
(Image credit: Prof. Lyn Wadley)
Researchers have found sleeping mats from early humans in South Africa, as many as 77,000 years ago, created out of local plants. Starting around 73,000 years ago, the site's inhabitants burned the bedding periodically, perhaps to get rid of pests and garbage. The excavation site at Sibudu is pictured here.
Mats made of local plants
(Image credit: Credit: Christine Sievers and Muthama)
Burnt sedge nutlet from Sibudu at 58,000 years ago. The mats, discovered at the Sibudu rock shelter, are approximately 50,000 years older than other known examples of plant bedding. They consist of compacted stems and leaves of sedges, rushes and grasses stacked in at least 15 layers within a chunk of sediment 10 feet (3 meters) thick.
Layer upon layer
(Image credit: Credit: Prof. Lyn Wadley)
Study researcher Christopher Miller of the University of Tübingen in Germany, sampling sediments in order to make geological thin sections. This three-meter thick sequence spans a period of about 77,000 to 38,000 years ago and indicates that humans were repeatedly constructing sleeping mats from plant material. These compacted plant layers may also been used as work surfaces.
Burnt bedding
(Image credit: Credit: Prof. Christopher Miller)
Geological thin section, in profile, of multiple burnt bedding layers (thin section is 5x7.5 cm). The thin black layers are carbonized stems and leaves, and the light colored layers are ashes derived from the burnt bedding. The layers here date to 58,000 years ago.
Fossilized mattresses
A photomicrograph (scale in lower left is 0.1 millimeters, or 0.004 inches) from a geological thin section of bedding, in profile. The laminated remains of sedges and other plants from the bedding are visible here as silica-rich fossils. This bedding layer is dated to before 77,000 years ago.
Ancient leaves
(Image credit: Credit: Marion Bamford)
Leaves in plaster jacket. Some of these plants the ancient humans used to build their sleeping mats may have provided some protection against mosquitoes and other insects, the researchers report. Specifically, Cryptocarya woodii, whose crushed leaves emit traces of chemicals that have insect-repelling properties.
Leaf fragments
Cryptocarya woodii leaf fragments from one of the sleeping mats. Modifying one's living space, including the sleeping environment, is an important aspect of human behavior and culture. The oldest of these mats are about 77,000 years old, making them roughly contemporaneous with other South African evidence of "modern" human behavior, such as the use of shell beads, engraving, and innovative stone technology.
Ancient sleeping plant
(Image credit: Christine Sievers)
Sidudu Cyperus sp. Spikelet about 73,000 years old. Many of the plant remains are species of Cryptocarya, a genus that is used extensively in traditional medicines. "The selection of these leaves for the construction of bedding suggests that the early inhabitants of Sibudu had an intimate knowledge of the plants surrounding the shelter, and were aware of their medicinal uses," study researcher Lyn Wadley, an archaeologist at the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, South Africa told LiveScience.
Modern plants
(Image credit: Prof. Christopher Miller)
Modern sedges growing on the uThongathi River near Sibudu, where the ancient sleeping mats were discovered. "The inhabitants would have collected the sedges and rushes from along the uThongathi River, located directly below the site, and laid the plants on the floor of the shelter," study researcher Lyn Wadley, an archaeologist at the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, South Africa told LiveScience.
An ancient home
Sibudu excavations 2011. The researchers also found that the bedding layers become more densely spaced starting around the 58,000-year mark, suggesting an increase in the local population. All told, these layers reveal mat-making over a period of about 40,000 years.
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Sheffield United U18s 0 - 2 Bolton Wanderers U18s
In: Premier U18 League |
By Joe Harris: Goals either side of half-time from Luca Navarro and Matthew Argent-Barnes were enough to give Bolton Wanderers Under-18s a 2-0 victory over Sheffield United Under-18s to maintain pace with the leaders in the Professional Development League North.
Wanderers remain in third, just one point adrift of leaders Huddersfield Town, while defeat for the Blades sends them sliding to eighth in the table, although they are only five points off top spot with two games in hand.
United began the game on the front foot as they attempted to avoid back-to-back defeats following a 1-0 loss to Burnley in their previous fixture and almost took the lead through Donae Lawrence, who poked an effort into the side-netting after a scramble in the Bolton penalty area.
However, the visitors broke the deadlock against the run of play just before half-time when Laurence Smith unleashed a strike from distance that cannoned off the post, with winger Navarro reacting quickest to tap in the rebound.
The Trotters grew into the game having opened the scoring and came close to doubling the margin after Cameron Moore was played through on goal by Matt Fearnley, but United keeper Hugo Warhurst did just enough to tip Moore’s effort past the post for a corner.
The hosts were unable to keep them out for much longer though as Argent-Barnes received the ball out wide before working the ball onto his left foot and firing an unstoppable shot past Warhurst to put Bolton in complete command.
Northern Ireland Under-21 international David Parkhouse almost halved the deficit for the Blades, but his powerful drive was marginally too high as they home team failed to find a way back into the game.
Blades Under-18 coach Derek Geary told LFE: “You get what you deserve in football. In the first half, yes we controlled the game and we maybe could have had one or two, but that’s football.
“Bolton did more than enough in the second half to warrant a victory, so fair play to them. If you miss your chances the likelihood is the other team will go up the other end and score so we can’t have any complaints.”
Connell Makes Switch To Celtic
Goal of the Month - August 2018
Gallery: Dutch trip 2018
Gallery: Spain Trip 2018
Results: Matchday 3 in Spain & the Netherlands
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The Center for the Tebtunis Papyri
510-664-4245 (general inquiries)
510-642-4556 (Director's office)
soknebtunis@berkeley.edu
About the Tebtunis Collection
History of the Collection
About Papyrology
How to Search the Berkeley & Regional Partners Database
Crocodile Mummies Papyri
Human Mummies Papyri
Town of Tebtunis Papyri
Hearst Papyrus
Archives & Dossiers
Images of Tebtunis Papyri
Readers and Writers in Roman Tebtunis
Ethnic Identity in Graeco-Roman Egypt
Religion, Magic and Medicine
ConTexts: Graeco-Roman Egypt
Ancient Lives: The Tebtunis Papyri in Context
Undergraduate Research Apprentice
Contact the Curator
Support CTP
ASP resolution concerning papyrus trade
The AIP International Papyrus Archive
An index to the more than 4,500 negatives and slides of Greek papyri stored at the Copenhagen branch of the archive of the Association Internationale des Papyrologues. This index is maintained by Adam Bulow-Jacobsen.
American Society of Papyrologists Homepage
This homepage contains information about the American Society of Papyrologists and a list of its publications.
Centre for the Study of Ancient Documents
"The Centre for the Study of Ancient Documents was established in 1995 under the auspices of Oxford University's Faculty of Literae Humaniores to provide a focus for the study of ancient documents in Oxford. Although the concentration of the Centre's activities is within Oxford, it is hoped that it will develop into a national and international centre that will attract and be of interest to scholars from other institutions. To this end the Centre's activities and resources are progressively being made publicly available through this WWW site.”
Centro di Studi Papirologici all'Università di Lecce
This page provides images of demotic papyri in the Lecce collection and a description of the excavations carried out by a joint expedition of the Universities of Lecce and Bologna at the site of ancient Bakchias, Egypt.
Checklist of Editions of Greek and Latin Papyri, Ostraca and Tablets
"The primary purpose of the Checklist of Editions of Greek and Latin Papyri, Ostraca and Tablets is to provide for scholars and librarians a ready bibliography of all monographic volumes, both current and out-of-print, of Greek and Latin texts on papyrus, parchment, ostraca or wood tablets."
The Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri On Line (Advanced Papyrological Information Systems, or APIS)
The Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri on line allows scholars to search more than 50,000 documentary texts on papyri, ostraca, and tablets.
Duke Papyrus Archive
This site provides information about papyri and papyrology in general and about the Duke papyrus collection in particular. It also provides access to the Duke papyrus collection itself.
Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis der griechischen Papyrusurkunden Aegyptens
This database lists more than 26,000 dated papyrus texts, allowing scholars to quickly assess how many documents derive from a given period.
Universität Heidelberg: Institut für Papyrologie
The homepage of the Heidelberg Papyrological Institute offers a brief introduction to the Institute. It mentions ongoing research and provides a description of library resources.
Istituto Papirologico "G. Vitelli," Florence
Description of a project to make digital images of carbonized and other hard-to-read papyri, with examples of some of the results.
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven: Oude Geschiedenis
The homepage of the Department of Ancient History of the Catholic University of Leuven provides information about the Prosopographia Ptolemaica and several projects undertaken by Leuven faculty and doctoral students. One highlight is a database of proper names in late pharaonic, Graeco- Roman and Byzantine Egypt.
Michigan Papyrology Homepage
The Papyrology Homepage of the University of Michigan presents an introduction to the collection and a description of the Papyrus Digitization Project (with digital images).
Nordrhein Westfählischen Akademie der Wissenschaften: Arbeitstelle für Papyrologie, Epigraphik und Numismatik
The homepage of the Department of Papyrology, Epigraphy and Numismatics includes a staff list, a description of the series Papyrologica Coloniensia, and an introduction to some papyrus texts in Cologne, with images.
The Papyrus Collection (P. Carlsberg), Carsten Niebuhr Institute, University of Copenhagen
An interdisciplinary portal of papyrological and epigraphical resources dealing with Egypt and the Nile valley between roughly 800 BC and AD 800 currently expanding its geographical scope to the Ancient World in general.”
Yale University: Papyrus Collection at the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library
The homepage of the Yale Papyrus Collection at the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library provides a thorough introduction to the Yale collection and a searchable database of Yale's catalogued papyri. The database includes scanned images of many of the papyri.
Zeitschrift für Papyrologie (Universität zu Köln)
This site provides subscription and submission information for the ZPE journal, as well as article indices (PDF).
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World Society for the Protection of Animals
Wiedman, Susan
United Action for Animals
Stallwood, Kim W.
National Humane Education Society (U.S.)
Moler, Robin
McMahon, June
Last Chance for Animals (Organization)
Institute for Animals and Society
Humane Society of the United States
Humane Society of Sumner County
Humane Farming Association
Humane Education Society (Great Britain)
Gelhert, Ruth
Fund for Animals
Friends of Animals
Feuerstein, Trisha
Farm Animal Rights Movement
Farm Animal Reform Movement, Inc.
Eilers, Betty B.
Charlottesville Voices for Animals
Board of the Tennessee Humane Association
Animals' Crusaders
Animal Welfare Institute
Animal Rights Network
Animal Legal Defense Fund
1 collection related to Vegetarianism
Filters: People for the Ethical Treatment of AnimalsMcMahon, JuneHumane Farming AssociationHumane Education Society (Great Britain)Manuscripts
Animal Rights Network Records, 1903-2003 (bulk 1970-2002)
Size: 228 linear feet (355 boxes, 42 legal boxes, 3 video boxes, 4 notecard boxes, 7 oversize flat boxes, 1 flat folder drawer, 5 tubes) Collection ID: MC 00351
The Animal Rights Network Records contains correspondence, office files, reports, clippings, publications, mailings, and audiovisual resources documenting the activities of the Animal Rights Network in advocating for the ethical and humane treatment of animals. Issues addressed by the organization include live animal experimentation, ... More
The Animal Rights Network Records contains correspondence, office files, reports, clippings, publications, mailings, and audiovisual resources documenting the activities of the Animal Rights Network in advocating for the ethical and humane treatment of animals. Issues addressed by the organization include live animal experimentation, exploitation of animals for sport and entertainment, intensive breeding and slaughter of domestic animals for food, and irresponsible pet ownership. The Animal Rights Network (ARN) published a bimonthly magazine, The Animals' Agenda, which contained original content and also served to assist smaller animal rights organizations network with members of the animal rights community, as well as maintained a library and archives component. ARN encouraged its members to collect and maintain their own collections documenting the animal rights and animal welfare movements, and many members donated their collections to ARN. The bulk of the material dates from the 1950s to 1990s. In 1979, several Connecticut-based animal rights activists withdrew from Friends of Animals, Inc., to found the Animal Rights Network (ARN). ARN joined forces with the animal rights magazine Agenda, and together they worked to unite local, national, and international animal rights groups to achieve common goals. ARN's main objectives incorporated the central issues confronting the animal rights movement. These objectives included live animal experimentation, exploitation of animals for sport and entertainment, intensive breeding and slaughter of domestic animals for food, and irresponsible pet ownership. The group used its financial resources to develop advertising campaigns and publications in order to educate the public about animal rights issues. In 2001, the board of directors determined that the role of ARN as a movement building and networking tool was no longer necessary, and formed a new organization called the Institute for Animals and Society (IAS) to advance animal advocacy issues in public policy development by conducting scholarly research and analysis, providing education and training, and fostering cooperation with other social justice movements and interests. IAS merged with Society and Animals Forum to create the Animals and Society Institute in 2005. Less
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The Bikini at 70
Magnum photographers capture the famous champions and daring early adopters of the ‘fashion atom bomb’
Burt Glinn Bikini model on rooftop. Havana, Cuba. 1995. © Burt Glinn | Magnum Photos
In the same year that the US began nuclear tests in the South Pacific Bikini Atoll, more than 8,000 miles away, what was to become the more well-known claimant of the moniker bikini made its debut: an ‘atom-sized’ swimsuit that would provoke explosive reactions. A flimsy three triangles of fabric connected by string was presented by Frenchman Louis Réard at the popular Parisian swimming pool Piscine Molitor on the July 5th, 1946, during the first war-free summer in France in years. Comprised of no more than 30 square inches of material, Réard’s magnum opus represented a coming together of his trade as an engineer and his vocation, running his mother’s lingerie business.
Photographs by Magnum photographers depict the iconic garment in the early years of the 50s and 60s, capturing some of its proponents who made it famous – such as screen sirens like Marilyn Monroe and Gina Lollobrigida – as well as daring early adopters on the beaches.
Eve Arnold Marilyn Monroe. Los Angeles, California, USA. 1960. © Eve Arnold | Magnum Photos
Philippe Halsman Italian actress Luigina "Gina" Lollobrigida. 1954. © Philippe Halsman | Magnum Photos
Undercutting its rivals
Réard wasn’t exactly the first to design a skimpy two-piece: historically, the bikini can be traced back thousands of years; mosaics dating from 300AD at the Villa Romana del Casale in Sicily depict women doing sports in two-pieces. French couturier Jacques Heim had also recently designed a midriff-revealing set, which he called the ‘Atome’ after the smallest known piece of matter, and advertised it as “The World’s Smallest Swimsuit”. Heim’s design only revealed a slither of midriff. Réard quite literally undercut his rival with bottoms that plunged well below the navel, and gave it the title ‘Bikini’ after the island where America was testing Atom bomb technology, a cheeky and triumphant acknowledgement of him trouncing his rival. Réard said, “Like the [atom] bomb, the bikini is small and devastating.” In later advertisements for the bikini, he’d claim that it wasn’t the genuine article unless it was so small “it could be pulled through a wedding ring”.
Elliott Erwitt Town of St. Tropez, Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur region, France. 1959. © Elliott Erwitt | Magnum Photos
Henri Cartier-Bresson Yvelines, France. 1955. © Henri Cartier-Bresson | Magnum Photos
Leonard Freed Beauty contest in Harlem. New York, USA. 1963. © Leonard Freed | Magnum Photos
The Big Reveal
So radical was Réard’s bikini that he struggled to find a professional fashion model to wear it for its debut. The designer eventually hired 19-year-old exotic dancer Micheline Bernardini, who danced nude at the Casino de Paris. The young dancer-cum-model would go on to receive over 50,000 fan letters for stepping up on that fateful July day, incidentally just five days after the atom bomb itself was test dropped in the Bikini Atoll. Bernardini hit the headlines dressed in a newspaper-print patterned bikini, an aptly prophetic choice of pattern that seemed to anticipate the column inches that would be dedicated to this small but explosive garment in the decades that followed. Celebrated fashion writer Diana Vreeland described the bikini as the “atom bomb of fashion”.
Rene Burri Disneyland beach. 1971. © Rene Burri | Magnum Photos
Burt Glinn Four sunbathers on leopard skin-printed rafts. Las Vegas, Nevada, USA. 1968. © Burt Glinn | Magnum Photos
David Alan Harvey Copacabana Beach, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 2000. © David Alan Harvey | Magnum Photos
Razor’s Edge of Decency
Initially popular with glamorous, sun-worshiping French women on the laid-back beaches of southern France, and made iconic by the likes of smouldering film star Brigitte Bardot, who famously posed in a bikini at Cannes, the bikini spent its formative years scandalising the world. American swimsuit designer Anne Cole’s 1959 remarks that the bikini was “at the razor’s edge of decency” summarised the frosty sentiment outside of the permissive Côte d’Azur. Spain, Italy, Portugal and Australia banned the bikini in these early years, while in the United States, the deeply conservative National Legion of Decency – a Roman Catholic body moderating American Media content – acted as a lobby group to pressure film production companies into keeping bikinis from being featured in Hollywood movies. A 1954 issue of American Vogue featured a bikini styled with a jacket, suggesting the ensemble as a “way of looking dressed, not undressed.” Several years later, a 1957 issue of the American Modern Girl Magazine balked, “It is hardly necessary to waste words over the so-called bikini, since it is inconceivable that any girl with tact and decency would ever wear such a thing.”
Thomas Dworzak Macedonian girls at the Miss Macedonia 2001 competition. Skopje, Republic of Macedonia. July 2001. © Thomas Dworzak | Magnum Photos
Women’s liberation: a symptom but not a cause
Comments by the likes of the above from a scandalised Modern Girl magazine may sound laughably prudish in 2016, but it’s an insightful reminder of how expectations of how women should behave have developed in the last half-century. These days, for many enlightened by feminism, the bikini is representative of the exploitation of women’s bodies, the uniform of women packaged for the male gaze, seen on glamour models in men’s mags, on promo girls selling cars; a device to pressure women into conforming to an ideal, requiring waxes, tans, diets and so on in order to get a ‘bikini body’.
However, the ubiquity of the bikini in contemporary culture represents the marked shift away from the pre-1950s expectations of women to be modest, as per the sentiment of Modern Girl’s hysterical comment. According to French fashion historian Olivier Saillard,”The emancipation of swimwear has always been linked to the emancipation of women.” If not a part of the sexual revolution, its adoption was certainly a barometer of the weather change in the social landscape – a symptom if not a cause.
Ferdinando Scianna Balneology. Ischia, Campania, Italy. 1993. © Ferdinando Scianna | Magnum Photos
Bruce Gilden Woman on beach pointing at a man near her. Coney Island, NYC, USA. 1982. © Bruce Gilden | Magnum Photos
Magnum Collection Poster: Daytona Beach, Florida. USA. 1997.
STAMPED POSTER
Magnum Collection Poster: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 2011.
Magnum Contact Sheets - 1st Edition Signed by 35 Photographers
RARE & SIGNED
Beach , Beauty contest , Bikini , Bruce Gilden , Burt Glinn , David Alan Harvey , Elliott Erwitt , Eve Arnold , Ferdinando Scianna , France , Gina Lollobrigida , Henri Cartier-Bresson , Leonard Freed , Marilyn Monroe , Philippe Halsman , René Burri , Rio de Janeiro , St. Tropez , Thomas Dworzak
Photographing Balenciaga
The Magnum Gift Guide
Same Old New You
Rage, Disbelief, Love & Peace
Documenting Style
Sukhumi Beach, Abkhazia. 2005.
SIGNED AND EDITIONED
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National Financial Crime Centre Bill expected to be tabled in June
Saturday, 12 Jan 2019 09:08 AM MYT
By Kenneth Tee
Tan Sri Abu Kassim Mohamed told Utusan Malaysia that the establishment of the NFCC was the government’s continued effort to combat financial crimes comprehensively. — Picture by Yusof Mat Isa
KUALA LUMPUR, Jan 12 — The Bill for the establishment of the National Financial Crime Centre (NFCC) is expected to be tabled in Parliament in June this year.
National Governance, Integrity and Anti-Corruption Centre (GIACC) director-general Tan Sri Abu Kassim Mohamed told Utusan Malaysia that the establishment of the NFCC was the government’s continued effort to combat financial crimes comprehensively.
The NFCC is one of the initiatives under the National Anti-Corruption Plan 2019-2023 (NACP) expected to be launched by Prime Minister Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad this January 29.
“Presently the NFCC will comprise about 20 agencies including the Royal Malaysian Customs, Immigration Department, Bank Negara Malaysia, Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission (MACC), Companies Commission of Malaysia, Inland Revenue Board and Royal Malaysian of Police,” Abu Kassim was quoted saying.
The former MACC chief said enforcement agencies constantly faced difficulties in handling criminal cases such as cigarettes and contraband smuggling under the jurisdiction of the Customs Department.
“For example, every year our country records RM8 billion loss due to cigarette and liquor smuggling. For Customs Department, it is only smuggling. But, to smuggle something, the smuggler would have committed bribery, used his mafia gangs, evaded tax, did some company layering and some suspicious bank transactions.
“When we sit with all agencies and bring all this elements together, then we see the real picture of the criminal activities,” he said.
As part of the Bill-drafting process, Abu Kassim said his team would go to Australia and United Kingdom to learn from them on how to draft the law and study their operational model.
“When I went to Washington after the 9/11 incident, the Americans realised that their agencies were working in silos and they established the Washington Target Centre comprising 26 agencies. With everyone sharing information and anticipating potential threats, investigation was more effective,” he said.
The NFCC will act as a task force whereby all relevant agencies will work from one place and look at the same target criminal activities.
It is being led by former Immigration Department director-general Datuk Seri Mustafar Ali.
MICCI: National Anti-Financial Crimes Act a necessary step to fight financial crimes
MCA chief accuses Salehuddin Ayub of giving out RM1.4b jobs directly
GIACC D-G: Talks on establishment of IPCMC ongoing
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Craft Brewers Hoping Bills Are Right Brew to Boost Industry
Last year, new breweries grew by roughly 19 percent bringing the total number to 3,464, according to Brewers Association, the Colorado-based trade group representing craft brewers.
MICHAEL CATALINI, Associated Press
TRENTON, N.J. (AP) — Members of the New Jersey's craft brewers guild — a group small enough to fit in one restaurant booth a few years ago and now numbering around 70 — worry state law is murky on whether they can sell their suds at farmers markets or if local food trucks can serve patrons at microbreweries.
But they're are hoping that a package of bills being pushed by Senate Minority Leader Tom Kean Jr. as well as legislative Democrats will clear up any confusion.
The legislation comes as the craft beer industry in New Jersey expands after lawmakers sought to loosen the state's tight alcoholic beverage controls three years ago.
The growth in New Jersey reflects what's going on nationally. Last year, new breweries grew by roughly 19 percent bringing the total number to 3,464, according to Brewers Association, the Colorado-based trade group representing craft brewers.
New Jersey's craft breweries, which fall into production facilities like microbreweries and brewpubs that sell restaurant fare, have gone from 18 to 36 since 2012, with an additional 16 expected to open soon, according to lawmakers and the Garden State Craft Brewers Guild, a trade group representing craft brewers.
The growth comes after the 2012 law lowered barriers for craft brewers on the sale of six packs, which had been capped at two, and on samples, limited to four four-ounce units, said Eric Orlando, Vice President of Kaufman Zita Group, which handles lobbying for the craft brewers guild. Now craft brewers can sell up to a half-keg.
That change helped Cape May Brewing Company grow from one employee in 2011 to 37 today by making tasting rooms more lucrative, says co-founder and guild president Ryan Krill. The industry is growing in part because beer drinkers increasingly engage in brewery tourism, he said.
"People just want to know where their beer is coming from," Krill said.
The pending bills have support from Democrats and Republicans but have so far not advanced. One measure would let craft breweries sell beer at farmers markets; another measure would allow local fare— like from food trucks — to be sold at microbreweries. A third would authorize brewpubs to sell up to 1,000 barrels of beer to licensed retailers in New Jersey and other states. One barrel is equivalent to 31 gallons or two kegs.
Kean said the bills will let microbrews and brewpubs "double-up" on the helpful changes in the 2012 law.
Not everyone sees the bills that way. Republican Assemblyman Jack Ciattarelli voted no on the 2012 bill and said while he supports the brewers' innovations he worries that allowing them to host food trucks could devalue restaurateurs' costly liquor licenses, some of which have sold for up to $1 million, he said.
Even if Kean's proposals advance, more could be done to loosen what Krill said are the state's Prohibition-era laws. Specifically, craft brewers may next push for expanding the state regulators' resources to process more applications, as well as looking at giving craft brewers tax credits to buy equipment like other states, including Pennsylvania, offer, Orlando said.
New Jersey has some ground to make up compared to neighboring states. Pennsylvania led the country in output with 4.1 million barrels in 2014, according to a national trade group called the Brewers Association, while New York ranked eighth with roughly 948,000 barrels. New Jersey by comparison ranked 34th and produced about 67,000 barrels.
Still brewers say they're optimistic.
"New Jersey was really behind the times," Krill said. "This was the first little crack of sunrise."
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Some Farmers Look to Capitalize on Non-GMO Market
Amid record harvests of corn and soybeans last year, some farmers are turning to an unlikely source to increase their bottom lines: non-GMO seeds.
Apr 21st, 2015
Genetically modified crops continue to gain prominence in the U.S. food market, but high grain inventories led to a recent drop in commodity prices. That, in turn, led to projections for 2015 of the lowest farm income levels in six years.
Supplementing crops with non-GMO seeds, however, could help farmers capitalize on a rapidly growing consumer base that's concerned about genetic modification -- and willing to pay a premium price to avoid it.
"This non-GMO thing has seemed to take hold and gain a lot of traction," Justin Dammann, an Iowa farmer planning to plant non-GMO crops for the first time in more than 10 years, told Gannett.
Reports showed products approved by the Non-GMO Project increased from $1.2 billion in 2011 sales to $8.5 billion last year, while companies such as General Mills and Chipotle took recent steps to distance themselves from GMO foods.
Meanwhile, the federal government could get involved in the non-GMO certification business if some Congressional Republicans get their way.
Rep. Mike Pompeo of Kansas recently introduced legislation that would create a voluntary certification program based on the current USDA labeling of organic food. He said supporters of the bill are "perfectly happy to have folks to understand if there's GMOs or not in their food," but conceded it would also pre-empt a potentially complex network of state and local GMO labeling laws.
Consumer groups and environmental advocates sharply criticized the bill as an effort to restrict disclosure by the food industry. Those groups support labeling requirements -- which often trigger bitter political and legal fights -- amid concerns about the potential environmental and human health effects of GMOs.
Agribusiness groups -- who counter that GMOs are safe and hold immense potential for both farmers and consumers -- have little reason to worry about farms like Justin Dammann's, however. Reports show about 97 percent of soybeans and 95 percent of corn in Iowa fields came from engineered seeds.
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*** We Ship Worldwide! ***
British Virgin Islands Road Maps | Detailed Travel Tourist Driving
Exploring the Mystery of British Virgin Islands in a new way
British Virgin Islands are situated in the Caribbean area, though the island belongs to Britain. The ideal location of the island lands in the east of Puerto Rico. The island makes an archipelago when included with the remaining islands of US Virgin Island and Spanish Virgin Island. The total area of the British island is nearly 150 square km and consist of main islands of Tortola, Gorda, Anegada etc. With over more than 50 other smaller islands, the island has a vast area to be covered wherein the capital “Road town” is situated at “Tortola”, the largest island in the British virgin Island.
People living on the British Virgin Island are known as British Overseas Territories Citizens, and since last 14 years, they are entitled to take up the UK Citizenship.Though the laws applicable on the British virgin island has nothing to do with the European Union, even then they are deemed to EU Laws as well. The official language of this location is English only. No other language is considered here. The people living here includes Africans, White(Americans), Hispanic and other multi-racial community.
The British Virgin Islands were initially settled by Arawak who was from South America around 100 BC. The Arawaks were replaced by the more aggressive Caribs and later came into the kingdom of Britain. Enjoy this historical place with our maps without any assistance and explore the famous places here such as the white sand beaches, The Baths on Virgin Gorda island, You can do Snorkeling on the coral reefs near Anegada. You can also get help to find the routes for your destination using our way to easy user-friendly maps in which locations are clearly mentioned and all three routes are highlighted with different colors. Explore the mysterious British virgin islands with our maps.
British Virgin Islands Road Maps for Tourists and Travelers
Detailed Road Map of British Virgin Islands
Buy travel maps for British Virgin Islands tourist attractions, road trips, street guide, driving directions and more
Virgin Islands (British and US), Road and Tourist Map, West Indies.
Item Code : BORC5680
Scale 1:80,000. Indexed. Borch edition. Laminated, easy-fold, flexi-map. Excellent. BIG >> SAMPLE MAP << Small sample map
British Virgin Islands Guide and Dive, Road and Recreation Map, America.
Item Code : FRKO5681
Scale 1:83,000. Size 17"x26". Franko maps edition. Laminated. Franko's map of the British Virgin Islands shows locations for scuba diving, snorkling, boating, fishing, beaches, exploring, accomodations, historical and scenic sites. One side of the map shows Tortola Island, Virgin Gorda Island, Virgin Gorda Peak National Park, Peter Island, Norman Island, Mosquito Island, Cooper Island, Salt Island, Ginger Island etc. Features locations and descriptions for dive sites and other coastal recreation sites. Reverse side of map has an overview of the area, including the island of Anegada, and an inset for Tortola town. Also includes lists of dive operators, BVI facts and geography, and island ferry information. Franko's Maps produces recreation maps for the land and water of selected tourist destinations. The maps are all printed on plasticized paper so they are water resistant.
Rhone Wreck Fish Card Road and Recreation Map.
Size 6"x9". Franko maps edition. Laminated.
Virgin Islands, US Guide Road and Recreation Map, America.
Scale 1:63,360. Size 18"x27". Franko maps edition. Laminated.
Virgin Islands Creatures Guide Road and Recreation Map, America.
United States Virgin Islands, Road and Travel Reference Physical Map, West Indies.
Item Code : ITMB5691
Scale 1:45,000 (St. Croix Island) and 1:54,000 (St. Thomas & St. John Islands). Size 34" across x 27" high. International Travel Maps edition. Includes St. Thomas, St. John, and St. Croix Islands. Elevation is shown by hypsometric color tints. Topographic contours lines are indicated at 100 feet. The map shows all types of roads, tracks, and trails; points of interest, camping sites, golf courses, scuba diving areas, view points, national parks, marine parks, and hotels. English text. SAMPLE MAP
Virgin Islands National Park, Hiking Map, St.
Item Code : TRAL5700
John Island, United States Virgin Islands. Scale 1:22,000. Trails Illustrated edition. Printed on waterproof, tear-resistant, lightweight, paper-like plastic. SAMPLE MAP
Anegada Island ** IN STOCK **
Item Code : BDOS5685
Beef Island ** IN STOCK **
Central St.
Item Code : USGS5693
Thomas Island
Christiansted Section, St.
Croix Island
East Point Section, St.
Eastern St.
John Island
Frederiksted Section, St.
Jost Van Dyke Island ** IN STOCK **
Peter Island ** IN STOCK **
Tortola Island SAMPLE MAP
Virgin Gorda Island
Western St.
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About Macon County
Agendas and Meetings
Courthouse /Jail Project >
Courthouse and Jail Project Photo Gallery
Courthouse History
Assessor >
Macon Co Plat Books
County Collector >
Collector's Holiday and Extended Hours
Circuit Clerk >
Court Costs and Fees
Prosecutor >
Contact the Prosecuting Attorney
Recorder of Deeds >
Obtain a Marriage License
Birth, Marriage and Divorce Information
Sheriff's Department >
Civil Process Clerk
Macon County Park
Rental & Camping Info >
Floral Hall
Shelter Houses
Macon's "Best of the Best Demolition Derby"
Contact Us & Map
To Obtain A Marriage License in the State of Missouri
Both parties must be 18 years of age. Proof of identification and age must be presented at time of application. A valid driver's license is sufficient.
Those wishing to apply who are under 18 must have custodial parental consent given; Applicants may not be related through and including first cousins. Proof of social security number is required at the time of application. A social security card and other valid document will be accepted.
Both parties must be present at the time the application is made. The applications may remain on file no longer than thirty days, but the license must be picked up before the ceremony. The person performing the ceremony is required by law to have the marriage license at the ceremony.
The license is valid for thirty (30) days from the issue date in the State of Missouri. The license must be returned used or unused to the county of issuance.
No refunds on unused marriage license. If your license is not used and is lost or destroyed, the parties must return to or send a letter to the Recorder's office with signature on it. A $55.00 cash payment is payable at the time of the application. A plain copy of the marriage license is $3.00. A certified copy of the marriage license is $9.00.
Marriage License: 660-385-2732
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Gastrointestinal Mechanotransduction: Arthur Beyder
Smooth Muscle Cell Mechanoelectrical Feedback
Enteroendocrine Cell Function
News and Multimedia
High speed microscopy advances research
The lab uses high speed fluorescent microscopy to determine responses of single cells and tissues to mechanical and chemical stimuli.
What do ion channels do in the gastrointestinal tract?
The lab uses single-molecule, whole-cell conventional electrophysiology and optogenetics to better understand gastrointestinal physiology.
Confocal and super-resolution microscopy are valuable tools utilized in the lab’s studies.
Novel techniques to study gastrointestinal physiology
The lab develops novel techniques for studying mechanosensitive ion channels in the gastrointestinal tract.
ABOUT THE RESEARCHER
Arthur Beyder, M.D., Ph.D. Email Publications
Dr. Beyder's lab studies motility at the molecular level to discover new treatments for functional GI disorders.
Read more about the lab
Current research focuses on gastrointestinal cell function with the aim of helping patients with GI disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), chronic constipation and functional dyspepsia.
Read about the lab's current projects
Dr. Beyder is widely published in the field of gastrointestinal disorders, focusing on the causes at a molecular level.
Review research publications
The Gastrointestinal Mechanotransduction Laboratory provides career opportunities for researchers interested in molecular mechanisms of mechanosensation.
Inquire about training and education opportunities
Read and see highlights of the latest research in gastrointestinal mechanotransduction at Mayo Clinic.
See news articles and videos
Contact the Gastrointestinal Mechanotransduction Laboratory at Mayo Clinic about research, collaboration and educational opportunities.
Get contact information
ORG-20229157
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Client Service Values
Patent Professionals
Title Associate Chairman Chief Client Value & Practice Management Officer Chief Human Resources Officer Chief Information Officer Chief Operating Officer Controller Director of Office Services Firmwide Managing Partner Of Counsel Partner Patent Agent Pro Bono Fellow for the City of Newark Pro Bono Partner Senior Director of Client Development and Marketing Special Counsel Technical Specialist
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Overview Related
Employment lawsuits not only generate widespread media attention but can undermine the strength of your brand, products, and services. We represent employers in disputes ranging from single-plaintiff claims to collective and class action litigation involving the full gamut of employment issues.
Discrimination and sexual harassment claims
Leave and accommodation claims
Wage and hour litigation
Whistleblower and retaliation claims
Collective & Class Action Litigation
With collective and class actions on the rise, companies need experienced counsel who can quickly and effectively respond to claims while also controlling costs and advancing clients’ business goals. Our lawyers have done so for numerous employers across industries in litigation in multiple jurisdictions.
Retailer—Summary judgement
Obtained affirmation of New Jersey Superior Court award of summary judgment to employer based upon exclusive remedy provision of the New Jersey Workers Compensation Act. Fisher v. Sears, Roebuck and Co., 363 N.J. Super. 457 (App. Div. 2003), certif. denied 179 N.J. 310 (2004).
Fragrance industry executive—Trade secret misappropriation trial win
Obtained a verdict in favor of our fragrance industry executive client against his former employer’s claims of trade secret misappropriation, breach of a confidentiality agreement, and violation of the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act after a six-week federal court jury trial. The Third Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed the judgment in its entirety.
National office supply retailer—Class and collective actions settlement
Tried to conclusion a New Jersey collective action and defended related consolidated multidistrict class and collective actions brought by a group of more than 300 employees of a national office supply retailer who claimed that they were misclassified as exempt managers. The matter was ultimately resolved by a nationwide settlement of the New Jersey and the multidistrict actions.
Health insurer—Class arbitration
Defended a health insurer in a class arbitration brought by participating medical providers alleging improper reimbursement for medical services; was part of the appellate team in the Third Circuit Court of Appeals and the U.S. Supreme Court.
Family owned manufacturer—Commercial arbitration, litigation matter
Defended a family owned manufacturer and its majority shareholders in arbitration and litigation brought by a terminated shareholder alleging discrimination and minority shareholder oppression.
National financial services company—FCRA claim dismissal
Obtained a dismissal of a ten-count complaint against a national financial services company alleging violations of the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) and claims for breach of contract based on a withdrawn conditional offer of employment.
Charter airline—Whistleblower claim dismissal
Obtained a dismissal for a charter airline of a New Jersey federal court whistleblower claim based on federal preemption under the Airline Deregulation Act. We secured a favorable settlement after the plaintiff refiled a claim with the Occupational Safety and Health Administration under the Federal Aviation Administration’s Whistleblower Protection Act and during proceedings before an administrative law judge.
Insurance company executive—Restrictive covenant
Obtained a favorable New York state appellate ruling for an insurance company executive in finding that the executive’s new employer did not have a legitimate protectable interest in the executive’s pre-acquired clients’ business and thus could not enforce a restrictive covenant related to these clients.
Accounting firm—Claim dismissal
Obtained summary judgment in New York state court for an accounting firm dismissing a former employee’s multi-count claims that included discrimination, harassment, and breach of contract.
Jones Lang LaSalle Americas, Inc.—Discrimination claim
Won summary judgment for Jones Lang Lasalle in a matter concerning an employee’s gender discrimination claim. The judge ruled from the bench in favor of Jones Lang LaSalle after hearing oral argument on the employee’s claims.
National retailer—Wage and hour putative class action
Represented a national retailer in a putative class action asserted on behalf of hourly workers in the retailer’s New York stores and obtained on summary judgment a complete dismissal of the action. We successfully narrowed discovery to a single issue of first impression in New York—whether deli department workers inside a large retail store are “restaurant” workers potentially eligible for additional wages under New York wage law. The outcome could have impacted the retailer’s New York stores significantly and potentially affected other retailers.
Medical center—Multiple claims
Obtained an affirmance at the New Jersey Appellate Division of a lower court decision granting summary judgment in favor of a medical center concerning multiple claims brought by a former teenage volunteer who alleged that the medical center was liable for damages she claimed to have suffered because she had a consensual sexual relationship with a hospital employee. This decision was a win for employers throughout New Jersey in that it recognized reasonable limitations on an employer’s liability for employee conduct that is outside the scope of employment and contrary to the employer’s business interests.
Healthcare strategies company—Claims dismissal
Obtained a dismissal in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware on all counts of claims filed against divisions of a healthcare strategies company by a former employee who alleged disability discrimination, retaliation, defamation and related claims concerning her dismissal.
National retailer—Discrimination
Obtained an affirmance by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit of summary judgment in favor of a division of a national retailer. The court rejected the argument of the plaintiff, an applicant for an optician job, that the company’s policy against hiring individuals convicted of felony drug offenses in the optical department was just a pretext for national origin or sex discrimination.
Mobile app developer—Arbitration win
Obtained a complete victory in an arbitration concerning claims alleged by one of the mobile app developer’s founders that the company breached his employment agreement and stockholder’s agreement when he was terminated from his employment and removed as a director. The company also prevailed against the founder on its counterclaims for breach of fiduciary duty and breach of the stockholder’s agreement in Delaware federal court.
Medical center—Disability discrimination
Obtained summary judgment in favor of a healthcare client who terminated an employee suffering from emotional disabilities who was unable to return to work after an extended leave of absence.
Institutional investor—Breach of fiduciary duty for failure to redress sexual harassment
City of Monroe Employees’ Retirement System v. Murdoch et al: Shareholder action asserting D&O liability for sexual misconduct patterns at Fox News, resulting in a first-of-its-kind settlement structure via creation of a Workplace Professionalism and Inclusion Council coupled with a $93 million cash settlement.
Healthcare organization—Discrimination claim
Obtained summary judgment in Connecticut federal court in favor of our client health care organization in a matter involving allegations of race, national origin, and sex discrimination. We defended this matter concurrently during a time of difficult collective bargaining negotiations.
Industrial manufacturer—Health benefits class action
Obtained a favorable settlement of a class action litigation concerning the status of retiree health benefits under several decades of collective bargaining agreements.
Connecticut city—Interim director of labor relations
Served as interim director of labor relations for a Connecticut city for more than 14 months, handling collective bargaining, addressing grievances, and conducting and directing internal investigations. We also negotiated a favorable settlement of federal court wage and hour collective action brought by nearly 200 city firefighters that alleged improper overtime pay calculations.
Municipal employer—Jury Trial Victory
Obtained a federal jury verdict in favor of a major Connecticut municipality in a case involving allegations of age discrimination and retaliation made by a member of the city’s police academy.
Retailer—Discrimination claim
Defeated a discrimination claim on the basis of judicial estoppel due to the plaintiff’s prior Social Security disability application.
Private equity firm—Subpoena matter
Moved successfully to quash a subpoena that would have provided a third part with access to a private equity firm’s proprietary information.
Regional community non-profit—ADA Investigation
Conducted an investigation into an Americans with Disability Act claim made by an employee of a regional community non-profit organization and counseled the organization on how to reasonably accommodate the employee to avoid litigation.
Human resources consulting firm—Department of Labor audit
Represented a nationwide human resources consulting firm in vacating an ex parte judgment for almost $1 million obtained by the Department of Labor as a result of an unemployment audit. As a result, the audit was re-opened, and the client was owed a refund.
Managed care organization—Tortious interference claim regarding enforcement of non-competition agreement
Obtained a dismissal of a claim of tortious interference filed by a plaintiff former employee of after our client notified the plaintiff’s new employer of the employee’s non-compete agreement.
News|Recognition
Third Group of Deaf and Hard of Hearing Attorneys Sworn into United States Supreme Court Bar
Deaf and Hard of Hearing Bar Association
Copyright © 2020 McCarter & English, LLP. All Rights Reserved.
Awards Methodology
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Medical Verdicts
Did insufficient testing following auto accident result in stillbirth?
Charleston County (SC) Circuit Court
A gravida was involved in a minor auto accident at 32 weeks’ gestation. She was admitted to a hospital’s labor and delivery unit 30 hours after the accident. The fetal monitor showed normal variability and a fetal heart strip was reactive. The patient was discharged after an overnight stay. Five days later, the woman prematurely delivered a stillborn.
In suing, the woman argued that additional testing should have been performed during her hospital stay. The physician maintained that the infant died just prior to delivery because the umbilical cord was wrapped around its neck.
The jury returned a verdict for the defense.
The cases presented here were compiled by Lewis L. Laska, editor of Medical Malpractice Verdicts, Settlements & Experts. While there are instances when the available information is incomplete, these cases represent the types of clinical situations that typically result in litigation.
Bladder perforation missed during laparoscopy
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NASDAQ:ITCI - Intra-Cellular Therapies Stock Price, Forecast & News
Adding Intra-Cellular Therapies Inc
Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc, a biopharmaceutical company, engages in developing novel drugs for the treatment of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. The company is developing its lead drug candidate, lumateperone for the treatment of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, behavioral disturbances associated with dementia, autism, and other CNS diseases. Read More…
Current SymbolNASDAQ:ITCI
Webhttp://www.intracellulartherapies.com/
Price / Sales5,637.22
EPS (Most Recent Fiscal Year)($2.84)
Net Income$-155,130,000.00
Return on Equity-54.27%
Return on Assets-45.84%
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NASDAQ:ITCI Rates by TradingView
Intra-Cellular Therapies (NASDAQ:ITCI) Frequently Asked Questions
What is Intra-Cellular Therapies' stock symbol?
Intra-Cellular Therapies trades on the NASDAQ under the ticker symbol "ITCI."
How were Intra-Cellular Therapies' earnings last quarter?
Intra-Cellular Therapies Inc (NASDAQ:ITCI) announced its quarterly earnings results on Tuesday, November, 5th. The biopharmaceutical company reported ($0.63) earnings per share for the quarter, beating the Thomson Reuters' consensus estimate of ($0.80) by $0.17. View Intra-Cellular Therapies' Earnings History.
When is Intra-Cellular Therapies' next earnings date?
Intra-Cellular Therapies is scheduled to release their next quarterly earnings announcement on Wednesday, February 26th 2020. View Earnings Estimates for Intra-Cellular Therapies.
What price target have analysts set for ITCI?
8 analysts have issued twelve-month price objectives for Intra-Cellular Therapies' stock. Their forecasts range from $16.00 to $73.00. On average, they expect Intra-Cellular Therapies' share price to reach $36.57 in the next twelve months. This suggests a possible upside of 43.8% from the stock's current price. View Analyst Price Targets for Intra-Cellular Therapies.
What is the consensus analysts' recommendation for Intra-Cellular Therapies?
8 Wall Street analysts have issued "buy," "hold," and "sell" ratings for Intra-Cellular Therapies in the last year. There are currently 8 buy ratings for the stock, resulting in a consensus recommendation of "Buy." View Analyst Ratings for Intra-Cellular Therapies.
What are Wall Street analysts saying about Intra-Cellular Therapies stock?
Here are some recent quotes from research analysts about Intra-Cellular Therapies stock:
1. According to Zacks Investment Research, "Intra-Cellular Therapies Inc. is a biopharmaceutical company. The company develops drugs for the treatment of neuropsychiatric and neurologic diseases and other disorders of the central nervous system. Its product candidates include ITI-007, ITI-002 and ITI-009 which is in clinical trials. Intra-Cellular Therapies Inc. is headquartered in New York. " (1/14/2020)
2. Cantor Fitzgerald analysts commented, ". We reiterate our Overweight rating and $26 price target on ITCI shares. Intra-Cellular reported 1Q19 financial performance, ending the period with cash of $312.8M. Our model projects sufficient funding into 2H20 and through several clinical and regulatory milestones including NDA acceptance/approval of lumateperone for schizophrenia and P3 data in bipolar depression (Studies 401 & 404) that are expected later this quarter. We also look forward to luma’s potential approval in 3Q19, the establishment of the company’s commercial team and its market launch as a differentiated, broadly active neuropsych product." (5/8/2019)
Has Intra-Cellular Therapies been receiving favorable news coverage?
Media headlines about ITCI stock have trended negative recently, InfoTrie Sentiment Analysis reports. The research group ranks the sentiment of news coverage by analyzing more than six thousand blog and news sources in real-time. The firm ranks coverage of publicly-traded companies on a scale of negative five to positive five, with scores closest to five being the most favorable. Intra-Cellular Therapies earned a daily sentiment score of -2.2 on InfoTrie's scale. They also gave news headlines about the biopharmaceutical company a news buzz of 0.0 out of 10, meaning that recent news coverage is extremely unlikely to have an effect on the stock's share price in the next several days. View News Stories for Intra-Cellular Therapies.
Are investors shorting Intra-Cellular Therapies?
Intra-Cellular Therapies saw a decrease in short interest during the month of December. As of December 31st, there was short interest totalling 8,370,000 shares, a decrease of 34.9% from the December 15th total of 12,850,000 shares. Based on an average trading volume of 2,640,000 shares, the days-to-cover ratio is presently 3.2 days. Approximately 17.9% of the shares of the company are sold short. View Intra-Cellular Therapies' Current Options Chain.
Who are some of Intra-Cellular Therapies' key competitors?
Some companies that are related to Intra-Cellular Therapies include Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals (ARWR), Global Blood Therapeutics (GBT), BridgeBio Pharma (BBIO), Evotec (EVTCY), United Therapeutics (UTHR), Allakos (ALLK), Nektar Therapeutics (NKTR), HUTCHISON CHINA/S (HCM), SAGE Therapeutics (SAGE), Blueprint Medicines (BPMC), FibroGen (FGEN), Mirati Therapeutics (MRTX), GW Pharmaceuticals PLC- (GWPH), Deciphera Pharmaceuticals (DCPH) and Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical (RARE).
What other stocks do shareholders of Intra-Cellular Therapies own?
Based on aggregate information from My MarketBeat watchlists, some companies that other Intra-Cellular Therapies investors own include Synergy Pharmaceuticals (SGYP), Amarin (AMRN), Sarepta Therapeutics (SRPT), ACADIA Pharmaceuticals (ACAD), Gilead Sciences (GILD), Intercept Pharmaceuticals (ICPT), AbbVie (ABBV), GW Pharmaceuticals PLC- (GWPH), Zynerba Pharmaceuticals (ZYNE) and Myovant Sciences (MYOV).
Who are Intra-Cellular Therapies' key executives?
Intra-Cellular Therapies' management team includes the folowing people:
Dr. Sharon Mates, Co-Founder, Chairman, CEO & Pres (Age 66)
Mr. Lawrence J. Hineline CPA, Sr. VP of Fin., CFO, Treasurer and Assistant Sec. (Age 63)
Dr. Robert E. Davis, Sr. VP & Chief Scientific Officer (Age 68)
Mr. Michael I. Halstead J.D., Exec. VP, Gen. Counsel, Corp. Compliance Officer & Sec. (Age 46)
Dr. Andrew Satlin M.D., Exec. VP & Chief Medical Officer (Age 64)
Who are Intra-Cellular Therapies' major shareholders?
Intra-Cellular Therapies' stock is owned by many different of institutional and retail investors. Top institutional shareholders include Candriam Luxembourg S.C.A. (1.61%), Rhenman & Partners Asset Management AB (0.90%), Assenagon Asset Management S.A. (0.03%), Gainplan LLC (0.02%), Janney Montgomery Scott LLC (0.01%) and Kistler Tiffany Companies LLC (0.00%). Company insiders that own Intra-Cellular Therapies stock include Andrew Satlin, Christopher D Alafi, Joel S Marcus, Kimberly E Vanover, Lawrence J Hineline, Mark Neumann, Michael Halstead, Robert E Davis and Sharon Mates. View Institutional Ownership Trends for Intra-Cellular Therapies.
Which major investors are selling Intra-Cellular Therapies stock?
ITCI stock was sold by a variety of institutional investors in the last quarter, including Rhenman & Partners Asset Management AB and Candriam Luxembourg S.C.A.. Company insiders that have sold Intra-Cellular Therapies company stock in the last year include Andrew Satlin, Lawrence J Hineline, Mark Neumann, Michael Halstead and Sharon Mates. View Insider Buying and Selling for Intra-Cellular Therapies.
Which major investors are buying Intra-Cellular Therapies stock?
ITCI stock was acquired by a variety of institutional investors in the last quarter, including Assenagon Asset Management S.A., Gainplan LLC, Janney Montgomery Scott LLC and Kistler Tiffany Companies LLC. View Insider Buying and Selling for Intra-Cellular Therapies.
How do I buy shares of Intra-Cellular Therapies?
Shares of ITCI can be purchased through any online brokerage account. Popular online brokerages with access to the U.S. stock market include Vanguard Brokerage Services, TD Ameritrade, E*TRADE, Robinhood, Fidelity and Charles Schwab.
What is Intra-Cellular Therapies' stock price today?
One share of ITCI stock can currently be purchased for approximately $25.43.
How big of a company is Intra-Cellular Therapies?
Intra-Cellular Therapies has a market capitalization of $1.41 billion and generates $250,000.00 in revenue each year. The biopharmaceutical company earns $-155,130,000.00 in net income (profit) each year or ($2.84) on an earnings per share basis. Intra-Cellular Therapies employs 73 workers across the globe.View Additional Information About Intra-Cellular Therapies.
What is Intra-Cellular Therapies' official website?
The official website for Intra-Cellular Therapies is http://www.intracellulartherapies.com/.
How can I contact Intra-Cellular Therapies?
Intra-Cellular Therapies' mailing address is 430 EAST 29TH STREET, NEW YORK NY, 10016. The biopharmaceutical company can be reached via phone at 646-440-9333 or via email at [email protected]
MarketBeat Community Rating for Intra-Cellular Therapies (NASDAQ ITCI)
MarketBeat's community ratings are surveys of what our community members think about Intra-Cellular Therapies and other stocks. Vote "Outperform" if you believe ITCI will outperform the S&P 500 over the long term. Vote "Underperform" if you believe ITCI will underperform the S&P 500 over the long term. You may vote once every thirty days.
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Dunedin Update
Garrett Chin
Marrzipan Dunedin is back and in action for 2017! Term 1 has been an explosion of confidence, creativity, and passion! It has been amazing to see how much the Dunedin students have grown in their self-confidence in the past eight weeks and I cannot wait to see what Term 2 is going to bring!
Coming into the final weeks of Term 1 we have been focusing on our performances for our play "Cows In The City". There has been an abundance of highlights within the performances such as the involvement of parents, the creativity of students, fantastic costumes and the development of student confidence.
I would like to make a huge shout out to our parents in Marrzipan Dunedin, who got stuck into our activity of "Compliment Ping Pong" during the "Parent Performance". "Compliment Ping Pong" aims to bring confidence to all who were involved by stating a compliment to the person next to you within a circle. Parents were mixed in with the students and an overflow of amazing compliments was bouncing back and forth between students and parents. One of the most precious compliments that I witnessed was when a father said to their daughter along on the lines of “you are the most precious girl in my life” and the daughter went completely speechless and hugged her father. I was trying to contain the amazing joy that was stirred in my heart. As shown through “Compliment Ping Pong” confidence does not only reside within our students but also spreads out to our parents and our communities!
In addition to our great Marrzipan parents, the costumes that have been developed at home for the performances have been fantastic! We have had a mixture of amazing “cow onesies" that have been used to illustrate the crazy and passionate cows we have on stage. We also had a storyteller that has come in with a miniature wedding dress to show off their originality. It has been amazing to see the work that has been put in behind the scenes of Marrzipan.
The costumes that have been made for the performances have come from brilliant creativity. The students have really exemplified creativity in all different ways this term. In one parent performance, we had two storytellers who completely made their own lines, worked as a team and pulled off amazing expressions for their characters. We had students who created totally new characters for the plays and made it their own by making new character voices and lines. Creativity was blooming out everywhere and it was exciting to see!
Overall, the performances have been an example of how much the students have grown in their confidence. It has been amazing to see students being in an environment where they can be themselves and be able to express their voice to others around them.
Students have mentioned:
“Heart pumping! Monday became fun because I got to go to Marrzipan!
“I think Marrzipan drama is awesome!! I want to do it again!”
“It's awesome because she gets to meet other children in the school and have fun.”
It has been a privilege to be a part of Marrzipan Dunedin and I cannot wait to see what Term 2 will bring!
This is your friendly neighbourhood “Garrett the Carrot” signing out!
I was described as loud and bossy
What motivates our Kids?
The kid who was "too shy to try"
Marrzipan vs. The All Blacks
Perception V. Reality
How to look weird and wonderful on a bike…
NZ Primary Teacher Strike
Happy Birthday Marrzipan!
The Cost of Parenting
Hospitalisation and Flexibility
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Menasha Ridge Press :: Authors :: Tom Kennon
Tom Kennon
Tom Kennon began paddling in 1974 and wrote his first book in 1978, Arkansas Whitewater Rivers, after gathering information about rivers in Arkansas due to the lack of information about paddling in the area. In 1988 Ozark Whitewater expanded the original book to a more comprehensive description of rivers in the Ozarks.
See details A Canoeing & Kayaking Guide to The Ozarks, 3ed
Though it sports a new name and look, A Canoeing & Kayaking Guide to Ozarks, 3rd (formerly Ozark Whitewater) is still the definitive guide to whitewater in the Ozarks. Fifteen years after it was first published, this book continues to bring paddlers the best of Ozark streams: from classics rivers, such as the Buffalo National and Little Missouri to steep creeks like Bryant and Turkey.
The ultimate guide to paddling whitewater in the Ozarks, A Canoeing & Kayaking Guide to the Ozarks, 3rd (formerly Ozark Whitewater) has guided boaters to the best water in the area for years. Inside, boaters will find expanded and updated information for the classic rivers as well as for the extreme creeks. Also included is information vital to all paddlers, beginner and expert alike: information on clubs and organizations, state water trails, and national and scenic rivers. Ratings and descriptions include topographic maps, country locations, gauges, difficulty ratings, drop/distances, run times, water quality, and much more.
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USA Today Sports Images
Bogert: Why the Philadelphia Union can win MLS Cup
September 3, 20193:10PM EDT
Tom BogertContributor
Follow@ tombogert
The reluctance to place faith in up-and-coming teams is an affliction which permeates all sports. We'd rather watch you win the big game first before trusting you to do so. We'll doubt and doubt some more until you prove us wrong. Then we'll hastily shuffle onto the next team to doubt.
It's true in MLS, too. We're a little worried about LAFC in the playoffs (or when they play the LA Galaxy, who we have seen Win The Big Game time and time again since the league's inception) aren't we? Atlanta have lately been held up as the favorite in the Eastern Conference, because we just watched Josef Martinez mean mug his way to lifting MLS Cup in 2018 and he's doing it again now. Goals in 13 straight games, my word.
There's another team out East that has been doubted much of the season, rolled with the punches that come with a midseason dip in form and are defiantly staring down a hellacious finish to the season with a point to prove. Not simply exerting a quiet us-against-the-world confidence, the Philadelphia Union are putting their name on it and have a message: We don't care who you are, if you're coming to our house, then we wish you luck. Because you need it.
“LAFC, I wish you a lot of luck,” Kacper Przybylko said after Saturday's 3-1 win over Atlanta United. “This is our house. This is our stadium. We have great supporters. And we’re waiting for you guys.”
Philly's brutal remaining schedule (thus potential to finish third and have to navigate up to two road games in the East), lack of an alpha star, relative defensive question marks and no championship pedigree make them imperfect. Then again, every team in the conference is imperfect.
The Union are legit. It's personal preference whether or not Atlanta, NYCFC or Philly are the outright favorites in the East – I'm not here to split hairs, particularly in the one-game sample size that is the playoffs – but that's the top tier and Philly belong. Here's why.
Multiple styles
Against good teams and good coaches, tactics (and game states) can change. The Union have the ability to effectively press or dictate patient build-up, push the game to chaotic transition or slow it down. Haris Medunjanin's expert set-piece delivery coupled with Jack Elliott is also good for a handful of goals a season.
The pressing system that sporting director Ernst Tanner envisioned is well in place, as Philly are third in MLS in possession won in the attacking third. But they're much more than a one-track team.
Teams that press like this aren't supposed to also be this useful in possession. They are a respectable ninth in passing accuracy despite an emphasis in finding riskier, direct forward passes immediately after regaining possession. Philly are also fifth in total passes completed. For comparison to another pressing team, the New York Red Bulls are last in MLS with a 69% passing accuracy.
Teams that press like this aren't supposed to have an orchestrator like Medunjanin at the base of midfield, which highlights his own defensive growth and the incredible amount of ground Alejandro Bedoya and Jamiro Monteiro cover. Przybylko is both a competent pressing forward and a target forward, which is not a typical combination.
Elite midfield
Philly are adept at multiple playing styles, in large part, because of the midfield. Medunjanin, Monteiro and Bedoya can stack up with any trio this side of LAFC. Designated Player Marco Fabian is healthy and fit, starting eight of the club's last nine games, while Homegrown midfielder Brenden Aaronson has enjoyed a breakout season after being given a chance in Fabian's absence.
If Fabian can peak at the right time – and I know, I've been writing this for months – then the Union get even better. He's a luxury, rather than a necessity, which is not something anyone envisioned when he signed. Without him playing at his apex, the Union will be alright.
There's only one Ilsinho
What's the word above "elite" to properly illuminate Ilsinho's relative value as a super-sub? "Super-sub" doesn't do it justice either, honestly. The uniqueness and numbers that hit you like a stun grenade make it incredible.
Ilinsho's .43 expected assists per 90 are the best in MLS. His 4.63 (!!!) dribbles completed per 90 are the best in MLS. His 1.31 non-penalty goals plus assists per 90 are second only to Vela (1.37). He's a walking viral social media clip; the sense of anticipation when he gets the ball is one of the greatest phenomena in MLS this year.
I'll let Matt Doyle take it away, because he launched a word-arrow right straight into the Ilsinho bullseye: "Other than Carlos Vela no winger in the league has more gravity right now. Atlanta sold out to stop him, which opened space elsewhere, and when Philly have space they do murder. ... The Union are +26 when he's on the field, including all three goals on Saturday. He is the greatest off-the-bench weapon in MLS history."
Identity and belief
Last season, Philly had their best campaign in franchise history. But they lost the U.S. Open Cup final and were easily dispatched by NYCFC in the first round of the playoffs. This year, they're even better and are past last year's growing pains.
Teams can take shape of their leaders, be it the coach or captain, and Philly have followed captain Bedoya's unapologetic confidence and expression. It manifests itself in small ways, in small moments. The victory over Atlanta was a statement win, then the Union weren't shy in making actual statements, either.
"These are the best teams the league has," Jim Curtin said after Przybylko's public warning to LAFC. "Maybe the Union can start to be talked about in that conversation for this year."
They also don't beat themselves, which is a bit more measurable. Philly have had just two errors leading to goals (third best in MLS), per Opta, and six errors leading to shots (fourth best in MLS).
Will the Union win MLS Cup? Who knows. The exhilarating three-week sprint that is the Audi 2019 MLS Cup Playoffs can spit out any number of champions. But Philly have a chance.
Tom Bogert
How the Crew fast-tracked their rebuild over two transfer windows
How the pieces fit after Colorado's busy offseason
After two years, Rapids finally get their man in Younes Namli
Analyzing recent Namli, Cifuentes, Benezet and Urso moves
Matic to Chicago? Here's the latest
What FC Cincy fans should expect from Yuya Kubo
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Practice Areas»Litigation»Business Litigation
Montgomery McCracken’s Business Litigation attorneys represent corporations and unincorporated business entities, their directors and partners, their financial advisors, and their shareholders and creditors in a wide array of adversarial and summary proceedings. Many of our attorneys have been venued in the nation’s preeminent business tribunal, the Delaware Court of Chancery.
The Business Litigation Group has involved shareholder class and derivative proceedings, partner and member disputes, proceedings under the Delaware General Corporation Law and alternative entities laws, and other matters involving fiduciary and contract obligations.
Montgomery McCracken has both represented and prosecuted claims against individuals ranking among the highest paid executives in the United States. We represent entire boards of directors, board committees, independent and inside directors and director groups, officers, and high-level management members, as well as sophisticated shareholders, both individual and institutional. We are frequently called upon to litigate disputes involving transactions, which range from routine asset acquisitions and divestitures to change in control transactions. We serve as primary counsel and also as local counsel to reputable firms located throughout the country and abroad.
Blackthorn Partners, L.P. v. John C. Malone, et al., C.A. No. 5260-VCS (Del. Ch. 2010) (prosecution of fiduciary duty claims against directors of Liberty Media Corporation in connection with sale of business unit to DirecTV)
AIG Corp. Consol. Derivative Litig., C.A. No. 769-N (Del. Ch. 2004) (defense of former CEO of Gen Re in connection with shareholder derivative claims)
Redwood Regional Medical Group, Inc. v. Cancer Clinics of Excellence, et al., C.A. No. 6273-CS (Del. Ch. 2011) (defense of Delaware limited liability company against direct and derivative claims asserted by members)
Ortsman v. ADESA, et al., C.A. No. 2670-VCL (Del. Ch. 2007) (representation of Adesa’s CEO, COB and CFO against shareholder breach of fiduciary duty claims arising from private equity acquisition transaction)
In re Compucom Systems, Inc. Stockholders Litig., C.A. No. 499-N, 2005 WL 2481325 (Del. Ch. Sept. 29, 2005) (defense of special committee in connection with shareholder breach of fiduciary duty claims)
Teachers’ Retirement System of Louisiana v. Scrushy, C.A. No. 20529, 2004 WL 423122 (Del.Ch. March 2, 2004) (defense of former HealthSouth director in connection with direct and derivative shareholder claims)
Chiarenza v. TransNet Corporation, C.A. No. 5597-CS (Del. Ch. 2010) (defense of Delaware corporation in connection of shareholder books and records proceeding and anticipated fiduciary duty claims)
In re Cal-Maine Foods, Inc. Shareholders Litig., C.A. No. 20507 (Del. Ch. 2003) (representation of sophisticated shareholder group challenging proposed freeze-out transaction)
Miron v. Microsoft Corp., et al., C.A. No. 1149-CC (Del. Ch. 2005) (defense of corporation and board designees in connection with direct and derivative shareholder claims)
Encompass Services Holding Corp. v. Prosero Inc., C.A. No. 578-N, 2005 WL 332810 (Del. Ch. Feb. 3, 2005) (statutory shareholder appraisal action)
Sicking v. JetStar Holdings, Inc., C.A. No. 2232-N (Del. Ch. 2006) (statutory shareholder appraisal action)
Olson v. Microsoft Corp., et al., C.A. No. 06C-01-355 (Del. Super. 2006) (defense of corporation in connection with contractual employment claims)
CertainTeed Corp. v. Celotex Corp., C.A. No. 471-N (Del. Ch. 2004) (defense of seller corporation and related entities in connection with claims arising from asset acquisition transaction)
Trull v. Microsoft Corp., C.A. No. 97CH3140 (Cook Co., Ill., Chanc. Div. 1997) (defense of corporation against consumer class action)
To find out how the Business Litigation practice can help your business, please contact Richard G. Placey by phone at 302-504-7880 or by email at rplacey@mmwr.com.
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Turn GPS Location On or Off
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1747 Nellis Tavern / Palatine Settlement Society
Nellis Tavern is an historic inn and tavern built about 1750 as a farmhouse and expanded around 1790 to its present form. After the American Civil War, the tavern business declined and the building be...
7355 State Route 5,
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Cherry Valley Museum
Exhibits at the 1815 Federal House range from 1778 Cherry Valley massacre and siege of Fort Alden to the late 20th century. Collections include 1830s memorabilia, antique fire engines and a diorama of...
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Fort Plain Museum & Historical Park
The Fort Plain Museum and Historical Park marks the site of Fort Plain/Rensselaer, a Revolutionary War fortress built in 1779 to protect local residents from Valley raids and evacuees from Cherry Vall...
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Fort Stanwix National Monument
For thousands of years the ancient trail that connects the Mohawk River and Wood Creek served as a vital link for people traveling between the Atlantic Ocean and Lake Ontario. Travelers used this well...
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Herkimer Home State Historic Site
This Georgian-style mansion was the home to Revolutionary War hero, General Nicholas Herkimer. Herkimer completed construction of the mansion about 1764 and died here following a leg injury he sustain...
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In addition to being an excellent place to see the 19th century Erie Canal, Schoharie Crossing is also the site of 18th c Fort Hunter. The Fort was built following a request for Anglican missionarie...
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Lying south and west of what now the SW corner of Otsego county, the Iroquois settlement at Onaquaga (now North Windsor) was hundreds of years old, a trading post and missionary station. During the 1...
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Site of the historic Iroquois village of Unadilla and marker of the Sullivan-Clinton Campaign route along the Susquehanna River south and west. Raids on old Unadilla and (nearby) Onaquaga occurre...
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The 2nd New Hampshire Regiment arrives at Fort Rensselaer to establish a supply depot for the Western Mohawk Frontier.
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Home › Australian Words and Their Origins
Australian Words and Their Origins
Hughes, Joan (Editor)
Oxford University Press, 1989, 662 pages, 019553087X, First Edition. Hardcover (17 x 24 cm), xv,
Very Good Condition, First endpaper torn out (see photographs)
"Based on 'The Australian National Dictionary'. 'Australian Words and Their Origins' gives the meanings, origins and pronunciation of those words which were coined in Australia, which have a wider currency in Australia than elsewhere, or which have special significance in Australian history. It is a rich slice of Australia's linguistic, cultural and social identity, and, like the Magic Pudding itself, it is both studded with rare delights and a continuing source of intellectual sustenance."
T. E. Lawrence: A Reader's Guide by Frank Clements
Second Opinion by John Germov
The Charlie Brown Dictionary by Charles M. Schulz
The Macquarie Junior Thesaurus by Linsay Knight
The Cambridge Australian English Style Guide by Pam Peters
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